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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Horace Walpole, by Austin Dobson
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
+other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
+whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
+the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
+www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
+to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
+
+Title: Horace Walpole
+       A memoir
+
+Author: Austin Dobson
+
+Release Date: December 4, 2016 [EBook #53649]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HORACE WALPOLE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Clarity, Christopher Wright, and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+HORACE WALPOLE
+
+_After Rosalba_
+
+
+
+
+HORACE WALPOLE
+
+_A MEMOIR_
+
+WITH AN APPENDIX OF BOOKS PRINTED AT THE STRAWBERRY-HILL PRESS
+
+BY
+
+AUSTIN DOBSON
+
+  NEW YORK
+  DODD, MEAD AND COMPANY
+
+  PUBLISHERS
+
+
+
+
+  _Copyright, 1890_,
+  BY DODD, MEAD AND COMPANY.
+
+
+  University Press:
+  JOHN WILSON AND SON, CAMBRIDGE, U.S.A.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+  CHAPTER I.
+
+                                                                   PAGE
+
+  The Walpoles of Houghton.--Horace Walpole born, 24
+  September, 1717.--Lady Louisa Stuart's Story.--Scattered
+  Facts of his Boyhood.--Minor Anecdotes--'La
+  belle Jennings.'--The Bugles.--Interview with
+  George I. before his Death.--Portrait at this time.--Goes
+  to Eton, 26 April, 1727.--His Studies and Schoolfellows.--The
+  'Triumvirate,' the 'Quadruple Alliance.'--Entered
+  at Lincoln's Inn, 27 May, 1731.--Leaves
+  Eton, September, 1734.--Goes to King's College, Cambridge,
+  11 March, 1735.--His University Studies.--Letters
+  from Cambridge.--Verses in the _Gratulatio_.--Verses
+  in Memory of Henry VI.--Death of Lady Walpole,
+  20 August, 1737                                                      1
+
+
+  CHAPTER II.
+
+  Patent Places under Government.--Starts with Gray on the
+  Grand Tour, March, 1739.--From Dover to Paris.--Life
+  at Paris.--Versailles.--The Convent of the Chartreux.--Life
+  at Rheims.--A _Fête Galante_.--The
+  Grande Chartreuse.--Starts for Italy.--The tragedy
+  of Tory.--Turin; Genoa.--Academical Exercises at
+  Bologna.--Life at Florence.--Rome; Naples: Herculaneum.--The
+  Pen of Radicofani.--English at Florence.--Lady
+  Mary Wortley Montagu.--Preparing for Home.--Quarrel
+  with Gray.--Walpole's Apologia; his Illness,
+  and return to England.                                              27
+
+
+  CHAPTER III.
+
+  Gains of the Grand Tour.--'Epistle to Ashton.'--Resignation
+  of Sir Robert Walpole, who becomes Earl of
+  Orford.--Collapse of the Secret Committee.--Life at
+  Houghton.--The Picture Gallery.--'A Sermon on
+  Painting.'--Lord Orford as Moses.--The 'Ædes
+  Walpolianæ.'--Prior's 'Protogenes and Apelles.'--Minor
+  Literature.--Lord Orford's Decline and Death;
+  his Panegyric.--Horace Walpole's Means.                             57
+
+
+  CHAPTER IV.
+
+  Stage-gossip and Small-talk.--Ranelagh Gardens.--Fontenoy
+  and Leicester House.--Echoes of the '45.--Preston
+  Pans.--Culloden.--Trial of the Rebel Lords.--Deaths
+  of Kilmarnock and Balmerino.--Epilogue
+  to _Tamerlane_--Walpole and his Relatives.--Lady
+  Orford.--Literary Efforts.--The Beauties.--Takes a
+  House at Windsor.                                                   82
+
+
+  CHAPTER V.
+
+  The New House at Twickenham.--Its First Tenants.--Christened
+  'Strawberry Hill.'--Planting and Embellishing.--Fresh
+  Additions.--Walpole's Description
+  of it in 1753.--Visitors and Admirers.--Lord Bath's
+  Verses.--Some Rival Mansions.--Minor Literature.--Robbed
+  by James Maclean.--Sequel from _The
+  World_.--The Maclean Mania.--High Life at Vauxhall.--Contributions
+  to _The World_.--Theodore of
+  Corsica.--Reconciliation with Gray.--Stimulates his
+  Works.--The _Poëmata-Grayo-Bentleiana_.--Richard
+  Bentley.--Müntz the Artist.--Dwellers at Twickenham.--Lady
+  Suffolk and Mrs. Clive.                                            107
+
+
+  CHAPTER VI.
+
+  Gleanings from the _Short Notes_.--_Letter from Xo Ho._--The
+  Strawberry Hill Press.--Robinson the Printer.--Gray's
+  _Odes_.--Other Works.--_Catalogue of Royal
+  and Noble Authors._--_Anecdotes of Painting._--Humours
+  of the Press.--_The Parish Register of
+  Twickenham._--Lady Fanny Shirley.--Fielding.--_The
+  Castle of Otranto._                                                141
+
+
+  CHAPTER VII.
+
+  State of French Society in 1765.--Walpole at Paris.--The
+  Royal Family and the Bête du Gévaudan.--French
+  Ladies of Quality.--Madame du Deffand.--A Letter
+  from Madame de Sévigné.--Rousseau and the King of
+  Prussia.--The Hume-Rousseau Quarrel.--Returns to
+  England, and hears Wesley at Bath.--Paris again.--Madame
+  du Deffand's Vitality.--Her Character.--Minor
+  Literary Efforts.--The _Historic Doubts_.--The
+  _Mysterious Mother_.--Tragedy in England.--Doings
+  of the Strawberry Press.--Walpole and Chatterton.                  166
+
+
+  CHAPTER VIII.
+
+                     PAGE
+
+  Old Friends and New.--Walpole's Nieces.--Mrs.
+  Damer.--Progress of Strawberry Hill.--Festivities
+  and Later Improvements.--_A Description_, etc., 1774.--The
+  House and Approaches.--Great Parlour, Waiting
+  Room, China Room, and Yellow Bedchamber.--Breakfast
+  Room.--Green Closet and Blue Bedchamber.--Armoury
+  and Library.--Red Bed-chamber, Holbein
+  Chamber, and Star Chamber.--Gallery.--Round
+  Drawing Room and Tribune.--Great North Bed-chamber.--Great
+  Cloister and Chapel.--Walpole on
+  Strawberry.--Its Dampness.--A Drive from Twickenham
+  to Piccadilly.                                                     201
+
+
+  CHAPTER IX.
+
+  Occupations and Correspondence.--Literary Work.--Jephson
+  and the Stage.--_Nature will Prevail._--Issues
+  from the Strawberry Press.--Fourth Volume
+  of the _Anecdotes of Painting_.--The Beauclerk Tower
+  and Lady Di.--George, third Earl of Orford.--Sale
+  of the Houghton Pictures.--Moves to Berkeley Square.--Last
+  Visit to Madame du Deffand.--Her Death.--Themes
+  for Letters.--Death of Sir Horace Mann.--Pinkerton,
+  Madame de Genlis, Miss Burney, Hannah
+  More.--Mary and Agnes Berry.--Their Residence at
+  Twickenham.--Becomes fourth Earl of Orford.--_Epitaphium
+  vivi Auctoris._--The Berrys again.--Death
+  of Marshal Conway.--Last Letter to Lady Ossory.--Dies
+  at Berkeley Square, 2 March, 1797.--His Fortune
+  and Will.--The Fate of Strawberry.                                 232
+
+
+  CHAPTER X.
+
+  Macaulay on Walpole.--Effect of the _Edinburgh_ Essay.--Macaulay
+  and Mary Berry.--Portraits of Walpole.--Miss
+  Hawkins's Description.--Pinkerton's Rainy
+  Day at Strawberry.--Walpole's Character as a Man;
+  as a Virtuoso; as a Politician; as an Author and Letter-writer.    271
+
+
+  APPENDIX                                                           299
+
+  INDEX                                                              325
+
+
+
+
+HORACE WALPOLE:
+
+A Memoir.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+ The Walpoles of Houghton.--Horace Walpole born, 24 September,
+ 1717.--Lady Louisa Stuart's Story.--Scattered Facts of
+ his Boyhood.--Minor Anecdotes.--'La belle Jennings.'--The
+ Bugles.--Interview with George I. before his Death.--Portrait
+ at this time.--Goes to Eton, 26 April, 1727.--His Studies and
+ Schoolfellows.--The 'Triumvirate,' the 'Quadruple Alliance.'--Entered
+ at Lincoln's Inn, 27 May, 1731.--Leaves Eton, September, 1734.--Goes
+ to King's College, Cambridge, 11 March, 1735.--His University
+ Studies.--Letters from Cambridge.--Verses in the _Gratulatio_.--Verses
+ in Memory of Henry VI.--Death of Lady Walpole, 20 August, 1737.
+
+
+The Walpoles of Houghton, in Norfolk, ten miles from King's Lynn,
+were an ancient family, tracing their pedigree to a certain Reginald
+de Walpole who was living in the time of William the Conqueror. Under
+Henry II. there was a Sir Henry de Walpol of Houton and Walpol; and
+thenceforward an orderly procession of Henrys and Edwards and Johns
+(all 'of Houghton') carried on the family name to the coronation of
+Charles II., when, in return for his vote and interest as a member of
+the Convention Parliament, one Edward Walpole was made a Knight of the
+Bath. This Sir Edward was in due time succeeded by his son, Robert, who
+married well, sat for Castle Rising,[1] one of the two family boroughs
+(the other being King's Lynn, for which his father had been member),
+and reputably filled the combined offices of county magnate and colonel
+of militia. But his chief claim to distinction is that his eldest
+son, also a Robert, afterwards became the famous statesman and Prime
+Minister to whose 'admirable prudence, fidelity, and success' England
+owes her prosperity under the first Hanoverians. It is not, however,
+with the life of 'that corrupter of parliaments, that dissolute
+tipsy cynic, that courageous lover of peace and liberty, that great
+citizen, patriot, and statesman,'--to borrow a passage from one of Mr.
+Thackeray's graphic vignettes,--that these pages are concerned. It
+is more material to their purpose to note that in the year 1700, and
+on the 30th day of July in that year (being the day of the death of
+the Duke of Gloucester, heir presumptive to the crown of England),
+Robert Walpole, junior, then a young man of three-and-twenty, and late
+scholar of King's College, Cambridge, took to himself a wife. The lady
+chosen was Miss Catherine Shorter, eldest daughter of John Shorter,
+of Bybrook, an old Elizabethan red-brick house near Ashford in Kent.
+Her grandfather, Sir John Shorter, had been Lord Mayor of London under
+James II., and her father was a Norway timber merchant, having his
+wharf and counting-house on the Southwark side of the Thames, and his
+town residence in Norfolk Street, Strand, where, in all probability,
+his daughter met her future husband. They had a family of four sons
+and two daughters. One of the sons, William, died young. The third
+son, Horatio,[2] or Horace, born, as he himself tells us, on the 24th
+September, 1717, O. S., is the subject of this memoir.
+
+[1] Another member for Castle Rising was Samuel Pepys, the Diarist.
+
+[2] The name of _Horatio_ I dislike. It is theatrical, and not English.
+I have, ever since I was a youth, written and subscribed _Horace_, an
+English name for an Englishman. In all my books (and perhaps you will
+think of the _numerosus Horatius_) I so spell my name.--_Walpoliana_,
+i. 62.
+
+With the birth of Horace Walpole is connected a scandal so
+industriously repeated by his later biographers that (although it has
+received far more attention than it deserves) it can scarcely be
+left unnoticed here. He had, it is asserted, little in common, either
+in tastes or appearance, with his elder brothers Robert and Edward,
+and he was born eleven years after the rest of his father's children.
+This led to a suggestion which first found definite expression in
+the _Introductory Anecdotes_ supplied by Lady Louisa Stuart to Lord
+Wharncliffe's edition of the works of her grandmother, Lady Mary
+Wortley Montagu.[3] It was to the effect that Horace was not the son
+of Sir Robert Walpole, but of one of his mother's admirers, Carr, Lord
+Hervey, elder brother of Pope's 'Sporus,' the Hervey of the _Memoirs_.
+It is advanced in favour of this supposition that his likeness to the
+Herveys, both physically and mentally, was remarkable; that the whilom
+Catherine Shorter was flighty, indiscreet, and fond of admiration; and
+that Sir Robert's cynical disregard of his wife's vagaries, as well
+as his own gallantries (his second wife, Miss Skerret, had been his
+mistress), were matters of notoriety. On the other hand, there is no
+indication that any suspicion of his parentage ever crossed the mind
+of Horace Walpole himself. His devotion to his mother was one of the
+most consistent traits in a character made up of many contradictions;
+and although between the frail and fastidious virtuoso and the
+boisterous, fox-hunting Prime Minister there could have been but little
+sympathy, the son seems nevertheless to have sedulously maintained a
+filial reverence for his father, of whose enemies and detractors he
+remained, until his dying day, the implacable foe. Moreover, it must be
+remembered that, admirable as are Lady Louisa Stuart's recollections,
+in speaking of Horace Walpole she is speaking of one whose caustic pen
+and satiric tongue had never spared the reputation of the vivacious
+lady whose granddaughter she was.
+
+[3] It is also to be found asserted as a current story in the _Note
+Books_ (unpublished) of the Duchess of Portland, the daughter of Edward
+Harley, second Earl of Oxford, and the 'noble, lovely little Peggy' of
+her father's friend and _protégé_, Matthew Prior.
+
+With this reference to what can be, at best, but an insoluble question,
+we may return to the story of Walpole's earlier years. Of his childhood
+little is known beyond what he has himself told in the _Short Notes
+of my Life_ which he drew up for the use of Mr. Berry, the nominal
+editor of his works.[4] His godfathers, he says, were the Duke of
+Grafton and his father's second brother, Horatio, who afterwards became
+Baron Walpole of Wolterton. His godmother was his aunt, the beautiful
+Dorothy Walpole, who, escaping the snares of Lord Wharton, as related
+by Lady Louisa Stuart, had become the second wife of Charles, second
+Viscount Townshend. In 1724, he was 'inoculated for the small-pox;' and
+in the following year, was placed with his cousins, Lord Townshend's
+younger sons, at Bexley, in Kent, under the charge of one Weston,
+son to the Bishop of Exeter of that name. In 1726, the same course
+was pursued at Twickenham, and in the winter months he went to Lord
+Townshend's. Much of his boyhood, however, must have been spent in
+the house 'next the College' at Chelsea, of which his father became
+possessed in 1722. It still exists in part, with but little alteration,
+as the infirmary of the hospital, and Ward No. 7 is said to have been
+its dining-room.[5] With this, or with some other reception-chamber
+at Chelsea, is connected one of the scanty anecdotes of this time.
+Once, when Walpole was a boy, there came to see his mother one of those
+formerly famous beauties chronicled by Anthony Hamilton,--'la belle
+Jennings,' elder sister to the celebrated Duchess of Marlborough, and
+afterwards Duchess of Tyrconnell. At this date she was a needy Jacobite
+seeking Lady Walpole's interest in order to obtain a pension. She no
+longer possessed those radiant charms which under Charles had revealed
+her even through the disguise of an orange-girl; and now, says Walpole,
+annotating his own copy of the _Memoirs of Grammont_, 'her eyes
+being dim, and she full of flattery, she commended the beauty of the
+prospect; but unluckily the room in which they sat looked only against
+the garden-wall.'[6]
+
+[4] These, hereafter referred to as the _Short Notes_, are the chief
+authority for three parts of Walpole's not very eventful life. They
+were first published with the concluding series of his _Letters to
+Sir Horace Mann_, 2 vols., 1844, and are reprinted in Mr. Peter
+Cunningham's edition of the _Correspondence_, vol. i. (1857), pp.
+lxi-lxxvii.
+
+[5] Martin's _Old Chelsea_, 1889, p. 82; Beaver's _Memorials of Old
+Chelsea_, 1892, p. 291.
+
+[6] Cunningham, v. 36, and ix. 519. The Duchess of Tyrconnell's
+portrait, copied by Milbourn from the original at Lord Spencer's, was
+one of the prominent ornaments of the Great Bedchamber at Strawberry
+Hill. (See _A Description of the Villa_, etc., 1774, p. 138.) There
+are some previously unpublished particulars respecting her as 'Mlle.
+Genins' in M. Jusserand's extremely interesting _French Ambassador at
+the Court of Charles the Second_, 1892, pp. 153 _et seq._, 170, 182.
+
+Another of the few events of his boyhood which he records, illustrates
+the old proverb that 'One half of the world knows not how the other
+half lives,' rather than any particular phase of his biography. Going
+with his mother to buy some bugles (beads), at the time when the
+opposition to his father was at its highest, he notes that having made
+her purchase,--beads were then out of fashion, and the shop was in some
+obscure alley in the City, where lingered unfashionable things,--Lady
+Walpole bade the shopman send it home. Being asked whither, she
+replied, 'To Sir Robert Walpole's.' 'And who,' rejoined he coolly, 'is
+Sir Robert Walpole?'[7] But the most interesting incident of his youth
+was the visit he paid to the King, which he has himself related in
+Chapter I. of the _Reminiscences_. How it came about he does not know,
+but at ten years old an overmastering desire seized him to inspect
+His Majesty. This childish caprice was so strong that his mother, who
+seldom thwarted him, solicited the Duchess of Kendal (the _maîtresse
+en titre_) to obtain for her son the honour of kissing King George's
+hand before he set out upon that visit to Hanover from which he was
+never to return. It was an unusual request, but being made by the Prime
+Minister's wife, could scarcely be refused. To conciliate etiquette
+and avoid precedent, however, it was arranged that the audience
+should be in private and at night. 'Accordingly, the night but one
+before the King began his last journey [_i. e._, on 1 June, 1727], my
+mother carried me at ten at night to the apartment of the Countess of
+Walsingham [Melusina de Schulemberg, the Duchess's reputed niece],
+on the ground floor, towards the garden at St. James's, which opened
+into that of her aunt, ... apartments occupied by George II. after his
+Queen's death, and by his successive mistresses, the Countesses of
+Suffolk [Mrs. Howard] and Yarmouth [Madame de Walmoden]. Notice being
+given that the King was come down to supper, Lady Walsingham took me
+alone into the Duchess's ante-room, where we found alone the King and
+her. I knelt down, and kissed his hand. He said a few words to me, and
+my conductress led me back to my mother. The person of the King is as
+perfect in my memory as if I saw him but yesterday. It was that of an
+elderly man, rather pale, and exactly like his pictures and coins;
+not tall; of an aspect rather good than august; with a dark tie-wig,
+a plain coat, waistcoat, and breeches of snuff-coloured cloth, with
+stockings of the same colour, and a blue ribband over all. So entirely
+was he my object that I do not believe I once looked at the Duchess;
+but as I could not avoid seeing her on entering the room, I remember
+that just beyond His Majesty stood a very tall, lean, ill-favoured old
+lady; but I did not retain the least idea of her features, nor know
+what the colour of her dress was.'[8] In the _Walpoliana_ (p. 25)[9]
+Walpole is made to say that his introducer was his father, and that
+the King took him up in his arms and kissed him. Walpole's own written
+account is the more probable one. His audience must have been one of
+the last the King granted, for, as already stated, it was almost on the
+eve of his departure; and ten days later, when his chariot clattered
+swiftly into the courtyard of his brother's palace at Osnabruck, he lay
+dead in his seat, and the reign of his successor had begun.
+
+[7] _Walpole to the Miss Berrys_, 5 March, 1791.
+
+[8] _Reminiscences of the Courts of George the First and Second_, in
+Cunningham's _Corr._, i. xciii-xciv.
+
+[9] The book referred to is a 'little lounging miscellany' of notes
+and anecdotes by John Pinkerton, and was printed, soon after Walpole's
+death, by Bensley, who lived in Johnson's old house, No. 8 Bolt Court.
+It requires to to be used with caution (see _Quarterly Review_, vol.
+lxxii., No. cxliv.), and must not be confused with Lord Hardwicke's
+privately printed _Walpoliana_, which relate to Sir Robert Walpole.
+
+
+Although Walpole gives us a description of George I., he does not,
+of course, supply us with any portrait of himself. But in Mr. Peter
+Cunningham's excellent edition of the _Correspondence_ there is a copy
+of an oil-painting belonging (1857) to Mrs. Bedford of Kensington,
+which, upon the faith of a Cupid who points with an arrow to the
+number ten upon a dial, may be accepted as representing him about
+the time of the above interview. It is a full length of a slight,
+effeminate-looking lad in a stiff-skirted coat, knee-breeches, and
+open-breasted laced waistcoat, standing in a somewhat affected attitude
+at the side of the afore-mentioned sundial. He has dark, intelligent
+eyes, and a profusion of light hair curling abundantly about his ears
+and reaching to his neck. If the date given in the _Short Notes_
+be correct, he must have already become an Eton boy, since he says
+that he went to that school on the 26th April, 1727, and he adds in
+the _Reminiscences_ that he shed a flood of tears for the King's
+death, when, 'with the other scholars at Eton College,' he walked in
+procession to the proclamation of his successor. Of the cause of this
+emotion he seems rather doubtful, leaving us to attribute it partly to
+the King's condescension in gratifying his childish loyalty, partly
+to the feeling that, as the Prime Minister's son, it was incumbent on
+him to be more concerned than his schoolfellows; while the spectators,
+it is hinted, placed it to the credit of a third and not less cogent
+cause,--the probability of that Minister's downfall. Of this, however,
+as he says, he could not have had the slightest conception. His tutor
+at Eton was Henry Bland, eldest son of the master of the school. 'I
+remember,' says Walpole, writing later to his relative and schoolfellow
+Conway, 'when I was at Eton, and Mr. Bland had set me an extraordinary
+task, I used sometimes to pique myself upon not getting it, because it
+was not immediately my school business. What, learn more than I was
+absolutely forced to learn! I felt the weight of learning that, for I
+was a blockhead, and pushed up above my parts.' That, as the son of
+the great Minister, he was pushed, is probably true; but, despite his
+own disclaimer, it is clear that his abilities were by no means to be
+despised. Indeed, one of the _pièces justificatives_ in the story of
+Lady Louisa Stuart, though advanced for another purpose, is distinctly
+in favour of something more than average talent. Supporting her theory
+as to his birth by the statement that in his boyhood he was left so
+entirely in the hands of his mother as to have little acquaintance with
+his father, she goes on to say that 'Sir Robert Walpole took scarcely
+any notice of him, till his proficiency at Eton School, when a lad of
+some standing, drew his attention, and proved that whether he had
+or had not a right to the name he went by, he was likely to do it
+honour.'[10] Whatever this may be held to prove, it certainly proves
+that he was not the blockhead he declares himself to have been.
+
+[10] This is quoted by Mr. Hayward and others as if the last words were
+Sir Robert Walpole's. But Lady Louisa Stuart says nothing to indicate
+this (Lady Mary Wortley Montagu's _Letters_, etc., 1887, i. xciii).
+
+Among his schoolmates he made many friends. For his cousins, Henry
+(afterwards Marshal) Conway and Lord Hertford, Conway's elder brother,
+he formed an attachment which lasted through life, and many of his
+best letters were written to these relatives. Other associates were
+the later lyrist, Charles Hanbury Williams, and the famous wit, George
+Augustus Selwyn, both of whom, if the child be father to the man, must
+be supposed to have had unusual attractions for their equally witty
+schoolmate. Another contemporary at school, to whom, in after life, he
+addressed many letters, was William Cole, subsequently to develop into
+a laborious antiquary, and probably already exhibiting proclivities
+towards 'tall copies' and black letter. But his chiefest friends, no
+doubt, were grouped in the two bodies christened respectively the
+'triumvirate' and the 'quadruple alliance.'
+
+Of these the 'triumvirate' was the less important. It consisted of
+Walpole and the two sons of Brigadier-General Edward Montagu. George,
+the elder, afterwards M.P. for Northampton, and the recipient of some
+of the most genuine specimens of his friend's correspondence, is
+described in advanced age as 'a gentleman-like body of the _vieille
+cour_,' usually attended by a younger brother, who was still a
+midshipman at the mature age of sixty, and whose chief occupation
+consisted in carrying about his elder's snuff-box. Charles Montagu,
+the remaining member of the 'triumvirate,' became a Lieut.-General
+and Knight of the Bath. But it was George, who had 'a fine sense of
+humour, and much curious information,' who was Walpole's favourite.
+'Dear George,'--he writes to him from Cambridge,--'were not the
+playing fields at Eton food for all manner of flights? No old maid's
+gown, though it had been tormented into all the fashions from King
+James to King George, ever underwent so many transformations as those
+poor plains have in my idea. At first I was contented with tending a
+visionary flock, and sighing some pastoral name to the echo of the
+cascade under the bridge. How happy should I have been to have had
+a kingdom only for the pleasure of being driven from it, and living
+disguised in an humble vale! As I got further into Virgil and Clelia, I
+found myself transported from Arcadia to the garden of Italy; and saw
+Windsor Castle in no other view than the _Capitoli immobile saxum_.'
+Further on he makes an admission which need scarcely surprise us. 'I
+can't say I am sorry I was never quite a schoolboy: an expedition
+against bargemen, or a match at cricket, may be very pretty things to
+recollect; but, thank my stars, I can remember things that are very
+near as pretty. The beginning of my Roman history was spent in the
+asylum, or conversing in Egeria's hallowed grove; not in thumping and
+pummelling King Amulius's herdsmen.'[11] The description seems to
+indicate a schoolboy of a rather refined and effeminate type, who would
+probably fare ill with robuster spirits. But Walpole's social position
+doubtless preserved him from the persecution which that variety
+generally experiences at the hands--literally the hands--of the tyrants
+of the playground.
+
+[11] _Letter to Montagu_, 6 May, 1736.
+
+The same delicacy of organisation seems to have been a main connecting
+link in the second or 'quadruple alliance' already referred to,--an
+alliance, it may be, less intrinsically intimate, but more obviously
+cultivated. The most important figure in this quartet was a boy as
+frail and delicate as Walpole himself, 'with a broad, pale brow, sharp
+nose and chin, large eyes, and a pert expression,' who was afterwards
+to become famous as the author of one of the most popular poems in the
+language, the _Elegy written in a Country Church Yard_. Thomas Gray was
+at this time about thirteen, and consequently somewhat older than his
+schoolmate. Another member of the association was Richard West, also
+slightly older, a grandson of the Bishop Burnet who wrote the _History
+of My Own Time_, and son of the Lord Chancellor of Ireland. West, a
+slim, thoughtful lad, was the most precocious genius of the party,
+already making verses in Latin and English, and making them even in
+his sleep. The fourth member was Thomas Ashton, afterwards Fellow of
+Eton College and Rector of St. Botolph, Bishopsgate. Such was the group
+which may be pictured sauntering arm in arm through the Eton meadows,
+or threading the avenue which is still known as the 'Poet's Walk.' Each
+of the four had his nickname, either conferred by himself or by his
+schoolmates. Ashton, for example, was Plato; Gray was Orosmades.
+
+On 27 May, 1731, Walpole was entered at Lincoln's Inn, his father
+intending him for the law. 'But'--he says in the _Short Notes_--'I
+never went thither, not caring for the profession.' On 23 September,
+1734, he left Eton for good, and no further particulars of his
+school-days remain. That they were not without their pleasant memories
+may, however, be inferred from the letters already quoted, and
+especially from one to George Montagu written some time afterwards
+upon the occasion of a visit to the once familiar scenes. It is dated
+from the Christopher Inn, a famous old hostelry, well known to Eton
+boys,--'The Christopher. How great I used to think anybody just landed
+at the Christopher! But here are no boys for me to send for; there I
+am, like Noah, just returned into his old world again, with all sorts
+of queer feels about me. By the way, the clock strikes the old cracked
+sound; I recollect so much, and remember so little; and want to play
+about; and am so afraid of my playfellows; and am ready to shirk
+Ashton; and can't help _making fun_ of myself; and envy a dame over the
+way, that has just locked in her boarders, and is going to sit down in
+a little hot parlour to a very bad supper, so comfortably! And I could
+be so jolly a dog if I did not _fat_,--which, by the way, is the first
+time the word was ever applicable to me. In short, I should be out of
+all _bounds_ if I was to tell you half I feel,--how young again I am
+one minute, and how old the next. But do come and feel with me, when
+you will,--to-morrow. Adieu! If I don't compose myself a little more
+before Sunday morning, when Ashton is to preach ['Plato' at the date
+of this letter had evidently taken orders], I shall certainly _be in
+a bill for laughing at church_; but how to help it, to see him in the
+pulpit, when the last time I saw him here was standing up funking over
+against a conduit to be catechised.'[12]
+
+[12] _Walpole to Montagu._ Cunningham, 1857, i. 15.
+
+This letter, of which the date is not given, but which Cunningham
+places after March, 1737, must have been written some time after the
+writer had taken up his residence at Cambridge in his father's college
+of King's.[13] This he did in March, 1735, following an interval of
+residence in London. By this time the 'quadruple alliance' had been
+broken up by the defection of West, who, much against his will, had
+gone to Christ Church, Oxford. Ashton and Gray had, however, been a
+year at Cambridge, the latter as a fellow-commoner of Peterhouse,
+the former at Walpole's own college, King's. Cole and the Conways
+were also at Cambridge, so that much of the old intercourse must have
+been continued. Walpole's record of his university studies is of the
+most scanty kind. He does little more than give us the names of his
+tutors, public and private. In civil law he attended the lectures of
+Dr. Dickens of Trinity Hall; in anatomy, those of Dr. Battie. French,
+he says, he had learnt at Eton. His Italian master at Cambridge was
+Signor Piazza (who had at least an Italian name!), and his instructor
+in drawing was the miniaturist Bernard Lens, the teacher of the Duke of
+Cumberland and the Princesses Mary and Louisa. Lens was the author of a
+_New and Complete Drawing Book for curious young Gentlemen and Ladies
+that study and practice the noble and commendable Art of Drawing,
+Colouring, etc._, and is kindly referred to in the later _Anecdotes
+of Painting_. In mathematics, which Walpole seems to have hated as
+cordially as Swift and Goldsmith and Gray did, he sat at the feet of
+the blind Professor Nicholas Saunderson, author of the _Elements of
+Algebra_.[14] Years afterwards (_à propos_ of a misguided enthusiast
+who had put the forty-seventh proposition of Euclid into Latin verse)
+he tells one of his correspondents the result of these ministrations:
+'I ... was always so incapable of learning mathematics that I could
+not even get by heart the multiplication table, as blind Professor
+Saunderson honestly told me, above threescore years ago, when I went
+to his lectures at Cambridge. After the first fortnight he said to
+me, 'Young man, it would be cheating you to take your money; for you
+can never learn what I am trying to teach you.' I was exceedingly
+mortified, and cried; for, being a Prime Minister's son, I had firmly
+believed all the flattery with which I had been assured that my parts
+were capable of anything. I paid a private instructor for a year;
+but, at the year's end, was forced to own Saunderson had been in
+the right.'[15] This private instructor was in all probability Mr.
+Trevigar, who, Walpole says, read lectures to him in mathematics and
+philosophy. From other expressions in his letters, it must be inferred
+that his progress in the dead languages, if respectable, was not
+brilliant. He confesses, on one occasion, his inability to help Cole in
+a Latin epitaph, and he tells Pinkerton that he never was a good Greek
+scholar.
+
+[13] Mr. D.C. Tovey (_Gray and his Friends_, 1890, 3 n.) thinks that
+Ashton probably never preached at Eton before he was made Fellow, in
+December, 1745,--which would greatly advance the date of Walpole's
+communication. But it is cited here solely for its reminiscences of his
+school-days.
+
+[14] Saunderson had lost both his eyes in infancy from small-pox. This,
+however, did not prevent him from lecturing on Newton's _Optics_,
+and becoming Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge. Another
+undergraduate who attended his lectures was Chesterfield. (See Letter
+to Jouneau, 12 Oct., 1712.) There is an interesting account of
+Saunderson by a former pupil, together with an excellent portrait, in
+the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for September, 1754.
+
+[15] _Walpole to Miss Berry_, 16 Aug., 1796.
+
+His correspondence at this period, chiefly addressed to West and
+George Montagu, is not extensive, but it is already characteristic. In
+one of his letters to Montagu he encloses a translation of a little
+French dialogue between a turtle-dove and a passer-by. The verses are
+of no particular merit, but in the comment one recognizes a cast of
+style soon to be familiar. 'You will excuse this gentle nothing, I
+mean mine, when I tell you I translated it out of pure good-nature for
+the use of a disconsolate wood-pigeon in our grove, that was made a
+widow by the barbarity of a gun. She coos and calls me so movingly,
+'twould touch your heart to hear her. I protest to you it grieves me
+to pity her. She is so allicholly[16] as any thing. I'll warrant you
+now she's as sorry as one of us would be. Well, good man, he's gone,
+and he died like a lamb. She's an unfortunate woman, but she must
+have patience.'[17] In another letter to West, after expressing his
+astonishment that Gray should be at Burnham in Buckinghamshire, and
+yet be too indolent to revisit the old Eton haunts in his vicinity,
+he goes on to gird at the university curriculum. At Cambridge, he
+says, they are supposed to betake themselves 'to some trade, as logic,
+philosophy, or mathematics.' But he has been used to the delicate
+food of Parnassus, and can never condescend to the grosser studies of
+Alma Mater. 'Sober cloth of syllogism colour suits me ill; or, what's
+worse, I hate clothes that one must prove to be of no colour at all. If
+the Muses _cœlique vias et sidera monstrent_, and _quâ vi maria alta
+tumescant_; why _accipiant_: but 'tis thrashing, to study philosophy
+in the abstruse authors. I am not against cultivating these studies,
+as they are certainly useful; but then they quite neglect all polite
+literature, all knowledge of this world. Indeed, such people have not
+much occasion for this latter; for they shut themselves up from it,
+and study till they know less than any one. Great mathematicians have
+been of great use; but the generality of them are quite unconversible:
+they frequent the stars, _sub pedibusque vident nubes_, but they can't
+see through them. I tell you what I see; that by living amongst them,
+I write of nothing else: my letters are all parallelograms, two sides
+equal to two sides; and every paragraph an axiom, that tells you
+nothing but what every mortal almost knows.'[18] In an earlier note he
+has been on a tour to Oxford, and, with a premonition of the future
+connoisseur of Strawberry Hill, criticises the gentlemen's seats on the
+road. 'Coming back, we saw Easton Neston [in Northamptonshire], a seat
+of Lord Pomfret, where in an old greenhouse is a wonderful fine statue
+of Tully, haranguing a numerous assemblage of decayed emperors, vestal
+virgins with new noses, Colossus's, Venus's, headless carcases and
+carcaseless heads, pieces of tombs, and hieroglyphics.'[19] A little
+later he has been to his father's seat at Houghton: 'I am return'd
+again to Cambridge, and can tell you what I never expected,--that
+I like Norfolk. Not any of the ingredients, as Hunting or Country
+Gentlemen, for I had nothing to do with them, but the county; which
+a little from Houghton is woody, and full of delightfull prospects.
+I went to see Norwich and Yarmouth, both which I like exceedingly. I
+spent my time at Houghton for the first week almost alone. We have
+a charming garden, all wilderness; much adapted to my Romantick
+inclinations.' In after life the liking for Norfolk here indicated
+does not seem to have continued, especially when his father's death
+had withdrawn a part of its attractions. He 'hated Norfolk,'--says Mr.
+Cunningham. 'He did not care for Norfolk ale, Norfolk turnips, Norfolk
+dumplings, or Norfolk turkeys. Its flat, sandy, aguish scenery was not
+to his taste.' He preferred 'the rich blue prospects' of his mother's
+county, Kent.
+
+[16] Indeed, she is given too much to allicholly and musing.--_Merry
+Wives of Windsor_, act i. sc. iv.
+
+[17] _Walpole to Montagu_, 30 May, 1736.
+
+[18] _Walpole to West_, 17 Aug., 1736.
+
+[19] _Walpole to Montagu_, 20 May, 1736.
+
+Of literary effort while at Cambridge, Walpole's record is not great.
+In 1736, he was one of the group of university poets--Gray and West
+being also of the number--who addressed congratulatory verses to
+Frederick, Prince of Wales, upon his marriage with the Princess Augusta
+of Saxe-Gotha; and he wrote a poem (which is reprinted in vol. i. of
+his works) to the memory of the founder of King's College, Henry VI.
+This is dated 2 February, 1738. In the interim Lady Walpole died. Her
+son's references to his loss display the most genuine regret. In a
+letter to Charles Lyttelton (afterwards the well-known Dean of Exeter,
+and Bishop of Carlisle), which is not included in Cunningham's edition,
+and is apparently dated in error September, 1732, instead of 1737,[20]
+he dwells with much feeling on 'the surprizing calmness and courage
+which my dear Mother show'd before her death. I believe few women wou'd
+behave so well, & I am certain no man cou'd behave better. For three or
+four days before she dyed, she spoke of it with less indifference than
+one speaks of a cold; and while she was sensible, which she was within
+her two last hours, she discovered no manner of apprehension.' That his
+warm affection for her was well known to his friends may be inferred
+from a passage in one of Gray's letters to West: 'While I write to you,
+I hear the bad news of Lady Walpole's death on Saturday night last [20
+Aug., 1737]. Forgive me if the thought of what my poor Horace must feel
+on that account, obliges me to have done.'[21] Lady Walpole was buried
+in Westminster Abbey, where, on her monument in Henry VIIth's Chapel,
+may be read the piously eulogistic inscription which her youngest son
+composed to her memory,--an inscription not easy to reconcile in all
+its terms with the current estimate of her character. But in August,
+1737, she was considerably over fifty, and had probably long outlived
+the scandals of which she had been the subject in the days when Kneller
+and Eckardt painted her as a young and beautiful woman.
+
+[20] _Notes and Queries_, 2 Jan., 1869.
+
+[21] Gray's _Works_, by Gosse, 1884, ii. 9.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+ Patent Places under Government.--Starts with Gray on the Grand Tour,
+ March, 1739.--From Dover to Paris.--Life at Paris.--Versailles.--The
+ Convent of the Chartreux.--Life at Rheims.--A _Fête Galante_.--The
+ Grande Chartreuse.--Starts for Italy.--The tragedy of Tory.--Turin;
+ Genoa.--Academical Exercises at Bologna.--Life at Florence.--Rome;
+ Naples; Herculaneum.--The Pen of Radicofani.--English at
+ Florence.--Lady Mary Wortley Montagu.--Preparing for Home.--Quarrel
+ with Gray.--Walpole's Apologia; his Illness, and Return to England.
+
+
+That, in those piping days of patronage, when even very young ladies
+of quality drew pay as cornets of horse, the son of the Prime Minister
+of England should be left unprovided for, was not to be expected.
+While he was still resident at Cambridge, lucrative sinecures came to
+Horace Walpole. Soon after his mother's death, his father appointed him
+Inspector of Imports and Exports in the Custom House,--a post which he
+resigned in January, 1738, on succeeding Colonel William Townshend as
+Usher of the Exchequer. When, later in the year, he came of age (17
+September), he 'took possession of two other little patent-places
+in the Exchequer, called Comptroller of the Pipe, and Clerk of the
+Estreats,' which had been held for him by a substitute. In 1782, when
+he still filled them, the two last-mentioned offices produced together
+about £300 per annum, while the Ushership of the Exchequer, at the
+date of his obtaining it, was reckoned to be worth £900 a year. 'From
+that time [he says] I lived on my own income, and travelled at my own
+expense; nor did I during my father's life receive from him but £250
+at different times,--which I say not in derogation of his extreme
+tenderness and goodness to me, but to show that I was content with what
+he had given to me, and that from the age of twenty I was no charge to
+my family.'[22]
+
+[22] _Account of my Conduct_, etc., _Works_, 1798, ii. 363-70.
+
+He continued at King's College for some time after he had attained
+his majority, only quitting it formally in March, 1739, not without
+regretful memories of which his future correspondence was to bear
+the traces. If he had neglected mathematics, and only moderately
+courted the classics, he had learnt something of the polite arts and
+of modern Continental letters,--studies which would naturally lead
+his inclination in the direction of the inevitable 'Grand Tour.' Two
+years earlier he had very unwillingly declined an invitation from
+George Montagu and Lord Conway to join them in a visit to Italy.
+Since that date his desire for foreign travel, fostered no doubt by
+long conversations with Gray, had grown stronger, and he resolved
+to see 'the palms and temples of the south' after the orthodox
+eighteenth-century fashion. To think of Gray in this connection was but
+natural, and he accordingly invited his friend (who had now quitted
+Cambridge, and was vegetating rather disconsolately in his father's
+house on Cornhill) to be his travelling companion. Walpole was to act
+as paymaster; but Gray was to be independent. Furthermore, Walpole
+made a will under which, if he died abroad, Gray was to be his sole
+legatee. Dispositions so advantageous and considerate scarcely admitted
+of refusal, even if Gray had been backward, which he was not. The
+two friends accordingly set out for Paris. Walpole makes the date of
+departure 10 March, 1739; Gray says they left Dover at twelve on the
+29th.
+
+The first records of the journey come from Amiens in a letter written
+by Gray to his mother. After a rough passage across the Straits, they
+reached Calais at five. Next day they started for Boulogne in the then
+new-fangled invention, a post-chaise,--a vehicle which Gray describes
+'as of much greater use than beauty, resembling an ill-shaped chariot,
+only with the door opening before instead of [at] the side.' Of
+Boulogne they see little, and of Montreuil (where later Sterne engaged
+La Fleur) Gray's only record, besides the indifferent fare, is that
+'Madame the hostess made her appearance in long lappets of bone lace,
+and a sack of linsey-woolsey.' From Montreuil they go by Abbeville to
+Amiens, where they visit the cathedral, and the chapels of the Jesuits
+and Ursuline Nuns. But the best part of this first letter is the little
+picture with which it (or rather as much of it as Mason published)
+concludes. 'The country we have passed through hitherto has been flat,
+open, but agreeably diversified with villages, fields well cultivated,
+and little rivers. On every hillock is a windmill, a crucifix, or
+a Virgin Mary dressed in flowers and a sarcenet robe; one sees not
+many people or carriages on the road; now and then indeed you meet a
+strolling friar, a countryman with his great muff, or a woman riding
+astride on a little ass, with short petticoats, and a great head-dress
+of blue wool.'[23]
+
+[23] Gray's _Works_, by Gosse, 1884, ii. 18-19.
+
+The foregoing letter is dated the 1st April, and it speaks of reaching
+Paris on the 3rd. But it was only on the evening of Saturday the
+9th that they rolled into the French capital, 'driving through the
+streets a long while before they knew where they were.' Walpole had
+wisely resolved not to hurry, and they had besides broken down at
+Luzarches, and lingered at St. Denis over the curiosities of the abbey,
+particularly a vase of oriental onyx carved with Bacchus and the
+nymphs, of which they had dreamed ever since. At Paris, they found a
+warm welcome among the English residents,--notably from Mason's patron,
+Lord Holdernesse, and Walpole's cousins, the Conways. They seem to
+have plunged at once into the pleasures of the place,--pleasures in
+which, according to Walpole, cards and eating played far too absorbing
+a part. At Lord Holdernesse's they met at supper the famous author of
+_Manon Lescaut_, M. l'Abbé Antoine-François Prévost d'Exilles, who
+had just put forth the final volume of his tedious and scandalous
+_Histoire de M. Cléveland, fils naturel de Cromwel_. They went to the
+spectacle of _Pandore_ at the Salle des Machines of the Tuileries;
+and they went to the opera, where they saw the successful _Ballet de
+la Paix_,--a curious hotchpot, from Gray's description, of cracked
+voices and incongruous mythology. With the Comédie Française they were
+better pleased, although Walpole, strange to say, unlike Goldsmith
+ten years later, was not able to commend the performance of Molière's
+_L'Avare_. They saw Mademoiselle Gaussin (as yet unrivalled by the
+unrisen Mademoiselle Clairon) in La Noue's tragedy of _Mahomet Second_,
+then recently produced, with Dufresne in the leading male part; and
+they also saw the prince of _petits-maîtres_, Grandval, acting with
+Dufresne's sister, Mademoiselle Jeanne-Françoise Quinault (an actress
+'somewhat in Mrs. Clive's way,' says Gray), in the _Philosophe marié_
+of Nericault Destouches,--a charming comedy already transferred to the
+English stage in the version by John Kelly of _The Universal Spectator_.
+
+Theatres, however, are not the only amusements which the two travellers
+chronicle to the home-keeping West. A great part of their time is
+spent in seeing churches and palaces full of pictures. Then there
+is the inevitable visit to Versailles, which, in sum, they concur
+in condemning. 'The great front,' says Walpole, 'is a lumber of
+littleness, composed of black brick, stuck full of bad old busts, and
+fringed with gold rails.' Gray (he says) likes it; but Gray is scarcely
+more complimentary,--at all events is quite as hard upon the _façade_,
+using almost the same phrases of depreciation. It is 'a huge heap of
+littleness,' in hue 'black, dirty red, and yellow; the first proceeding
+from stone changed by age; the second, from a mixture of brick; and
+the last, from a profusion of tarnished gilding. You cannot see a more
+disagreeable _tout ensemble_; and, to finish the matter, it is all
+stuck over in many places with small busts of a tawny hue between every
+two windows.' The garden, however, pleases him better; nothing could be
+vaster and more magnificent than the _coup d'œil_, with its fountains
+and statues and grand canal. But the 'general taste of the place' is
+petty and artificial. 'All is forced, all is constrained about you;
+statues and vases sowed everywhere without distinction; sugar-loaves
+and minced pies of yew; scrawl work of box, and little squirting _jets
+d'eau_, besides a great sameness in the walks,--cannot help striking
+one at first sight; not to mention the silliest of labyrinths, and all
+Æsop's fables in water.'[24] 'The garden is littered with statues and
+fountains, each of which has its tutelary deity. In particular, the
+elementary god of fire solaces himself in one. In another, Enceladus,
+in lieu of a mountain, is overwhelmed with many waters. There are
+avenues of water-pots, who disport themselves much in squirting up
+cascadelins. In short, 'tis a garden for a great child.'[25] The day
+following, being Whitsunday, they witness a grand ceremonial,--the
+installation of nine Knights of the Saint Esprit: 'high mass celebrated
+with music, great crowd, much incense, King, Queen, Dauphin, Mesdames,
+Cardinals, and Court; Knights arrayed by His Majesty; reverences before
+the altar, not bows, but curtsies; stiff hams; much tittering among the
+ladies; trumpets, kettle-drums, and fifes.'[26]
+
+[24] _Gray to West_, 22 May, 1739.
+
+[25] _Walpole to West_, no date, 1739.
+
+[26] _Gray to West_, 22 May, 1739.
+
+It is Gray who thus summarises the show. But we must go to Walpole
+for the account of another expedition, the visit to the Convent of
+the Chartreux, the uncouth horror of which, with its gloomy chapel
+and narrow cloisters, seems to have fascinated the Gothic soul of the
+future author of the _Castle of Otranto_. Here, in one of the cells,
+they make the acquaintance of a fresh initiate into the order,--the
+account of whose environment suggests retirement rather than solitude.
+'He was extremely civil, and called himself Dom Victor. We have
+promised to visit him often. Their habit is all white: but besides this
+he was infinitely clean in his person; and his apartment and garden,
+which he keeps and cultivates without any assistance, was neat to a
+degree. He has four little rooms, furnished in the prettiest manner,
+and hung with good prints. One of them is a library, and another a
+gallery. He has several canary-birds disposed in a pretty manner in
+breeding-cages. In his garden was a bed of good tulips in bloom,
+flowers and fruit-trees, and all neatly kept. They are permitted at
+certain hours to talk to strangers, but never to one another, or to
+go out of their convent.' In the same institution they saw Le Sueur's
+history (in pictures) of St. Bruno, the founder of the Chartreux.
+Walpole had not yet studied Raphael at Rome, but these pictures, he
+considered, excelled everything he had seen in England and Paris.[27]
+
+[27] _Walpole to West_, no date, 1739.
+
+'From thence [Paris],' say Walpole's _Short Notes_, 'we went with
+my cousin, Henry Conway, to Rheims, in Champagne, [and] staid there
+three months.' One of their chief objects was to improve themselves
+in French. 'You must not wonder,' he tells West, 'if all my letters
+resemble dictionaries, with French on one side, and English on t'other;
+I deal in nothing else at present, and talk a couple of words of each
+language alternately from morning till night.'[28] But he does not
+seem to have yet developed his later passion for letter-writing, and
+the 'account of our situation and proceedings' is still delegated to
+Gray, some of whose despatches at this time are not preserved. There
+is, however, one from Rheims to Gray's mother which gives a vivid idea
+of the ancient French Cathedral city, slumbering in its vast vine-clad
+plain, with its picturesque old houses and lonely streets, its long
+walks under the ramparts, and its monotonous frog-haunted moat. They
+have no want of society, for Henry Conway procured them introductions
+everywhere; but the Rhemois are more constrained, less familiar, less
+hospitable, than the Parisians. Quadrille is the almost invariable
+amusement, interrupted by one entertainment (for the Rhemois as a rule
+give neither dinners nor suppers); to wit, a five o'clock _goûter_,
+which is 'a service of wine, fruits, cream, sweetmeats, crawfish, and
+cheese,' after which they sit down to cards again. Occasionally,
+however, the demon of impromptu flutters these 'set, gray lives,' and
+(like Dr. Johnson) even Rheims must 'have a frisk.' 'For instance,'
+says Gray, 'the other evening we happened to be got together in a
+company of eighteen people, men and women of the best fashion here, at
+a garden in the town, to walk; when one of the ladies bethought herself
+of asking, Why should we not sup here? Immediately the cloth was laid
+by the side of a fountain under the trees, and a very elegant supper
+served up; after which another said, Come, let us sing; and directly
+began herself. From singing we insensibly fell to dancing, and singing
+in a round; when somebody mentioned the violins, and immediately a
+company of them was ordered. Minuets were begun in the open air, and
+then came country dances, which held till four o'clock next morning;
+at which hour the gayest lady there proposed that such as were weary
+should get into their coaches, and the rest of them should dance before
+them with the music in the van; and in this manner we paraded through
+all the principal streets of the city, and waked everybody in it.'
+Walpole, adds Gray, would have made this entertainment chronic. But
+'the women did not come into it,' and shrank back decorously 'to their
+dull cards, and usual formalities.'[29]
+
+[28] _Walpole to West_, 18 June, 1739.
+
+[29] Gray's _Works_, by Gosse, 1884, ii. 30.
+
+At Rheims the travellers lingered on in the hope of being joined by
+Selwyn and George Montagu. In September they left Rheims for Dijon,
+the superior attractions of which town made them rather regret their
+comparative rustication of the last three months. From Dijon they
+passed southward to Lyons, whence Gray sent to West (then drinking the
+Tunbridge waters) a daintily elaborated conceit touching the junction
+of the Rhone and the Saône. While at Lyons they made an excursion to
+Geneva to escort Henry Conway, who had up to this time been their
+companion, on his way to that place. They took a roundabout route in
+order to visit the Convent of the Grande Chartreuse, and on the 28th
+Walpole writes to West from 'a Hamlet among the mountains of Savoy
+[Echelles].' He is to undergo many transmigrations, he says, before
+he ends his letter. 'Yesterday I was a shepherd of Dauphiné; to-day
+an Alpine savage; to-morrow a Carthusian monk; and Friday a Swiss
+Calvinist.' When he next takes up his pen, he has passed through his
+third stage, and visited the Chartreuse. With the convent itself
+neither Gray nor his companions seem to have been much impressed,
+probably because their expectations had been indefinite. For the
+approach and the situation they had only enthusiasm. Gray is the
+accredited landscape-painter of the party, but here even Walpole breaks
+out: 'The road, West, the road! winding round a prodigious mountain,
+and surrounded with others, all shagged with hanging woods, obscured
+with pines, or lost in clouds! Below, a torrent breaking through
+cliffs, and tumbling through fragments of rocks! Sheets of cascades
+forcing their silver speed down channelled precipices, and hastening
+into the roughened river at the bottom! Now and then an old foot
+bridge, with a broken rail, a leaning cross, a cottage, or the ruin
+of an hermitage! This sounds too bombast and too romantic to one that
+has not seen it, too cold for one that has. If I could send you my
+letter post between two lovely tempests that echoed each other's wrath,
+you might have some idea of this noble roaring scene, as you were
+reading it. Almost on the summit, upon a fine verdure, but without any
+prospect, stands the Chartreuse.'[30]
+
+[30] _Walpole to West_, Sept. 28-2 Oct., 1739.
+
+The foregoing passage is dated Aix-in-Savoy, 30 September. Two days
+later, passing by Annecy, they came to Geneva. Here they stayed a week
+to see Conway settled, and made a 'solitary journey' back to Lyons,
+but by a different road, through the spurs of the Jura and across
+the plains of La Bresse. At Lyons they found letters awaiting them
+from Sir Robert Walpole, desiring his son to go to Italy,--a proposal
+with which Gray, only too glad to exchange the over-commercial city
+of Lyons for 'the place in the world that best deserves seeing,' was
+highly delighted. Accordingly, we speedily find them duly equipped
+with 'beaver bonnets, beaver gloves, beaver stockings, muffs, and
+bear-skins' _en route_ for the Alps. At the foot of Mont Cenis their
+chaise was taken to pieces and loaded on mules, and they themselves
+were transferred to low matted legless chairs carried on poles,--a
+not unperilous mode of progression, when, as in this case, quarrels
+took place among the bearers. But the tragedy of the journey happened
+before they had quitted the chaise. Walpole had a fat little black
+spaniel of King Charles's breed, named Tory, and he had let the little
+creature out of the carriage for the air. While it was waddling along
+contentedly at the horses' heads, a gaunt wolf rushed out of a fir
+wood, and exit poor Tory before any one had time to snap a pistol.
+In later years, Gray would perhaps have celebrated this mishap as
+elegantly as he sang the death of his friend's favourite cat; but
+in these pre-poetic days he restricts himself to calling it an 'odd
+accident enough.'[31]
+
+[31] Tory, however, was not _illachrymabilis_. He found his _vates
+sacer_ in one Edward Burnaby Greene, once of Bennet College; and in
+referring to this, thirty-five years later, Walpole explains how
+Tory got his name. 'His godmother was the widow of Alderman Parsons
+[Humphrey Parsons, of Goldsmith's 'black champagne'], who gave him at
+Paris to Lord Conway, and he to me' (_Walpole to Cole_, 10 Dec., 1775).
+
+'After eight days' journey through Greenland,'--as Gray puts it to
+West,--they reached Turin, where among other English they found
+Pope's friend, Joseph Spence, Professor of Poetry at Oxford. Beyond
+Walpole's going to Court, and their visiting an extraordinary play
+called _La Rappresentazione dell' Anima Dannata_ (for the benefit of
+an Hospital), a full and particular account of which is contained in
+one of Spence's letters to his mother,[32] nothing remarkable seems
+to have happened to them in the Piedmontese capital. From Turin they
+went on to Genoa,--'the happy country where huge lemons grow' (as Gray
+quotes, not textually, from Waller),--whose blue sea and vine-trellises
+they quit reluctantly for Bologna, by way of Tortona, Piacenza, Parma
+(where they inspect the Correggios in the Duomo), Reggio, and Modena.
+At Bologna, in the absence of introductions, picture-seeing is their
+main occupation. 'Except pictures and statues,' writes Walpole, 'we are
+not very fond of sights.... Now and then we drop in at a procession,
+or a high mass, hear the music, enjoy a strange attire, and hate the
+foul monkhood. Last week was the feast of the Immaculate Conception.
+On the eve we went to the Franciscans' church to hear the academical
+exercises. There were moult and moult clergy, about two dozen dames,
+that treated one another with _illustrissima_ and brown kisses, the
+vice-legate, the gonfalonier, and some senate. The vice-legate ... is
+a young personable person of about twenty, and had on a mighty pretty
+cardinal-kind of habit; 'twou'd make a delightful masquerade dress.
+We asked his name: Spinola. What, a nephew of the cardinal-legate?
+_Signor, no; ma credo che gli sia qualche cosa._ He sat on the
+right hand with the gonfalonier in two purple fauteuils. Opposite
+was a throne of crimson damask, with the device of the Academy, the
+Gelati;[33] and trimmings of gold. Here sat at a table, in black, the
+head of the Academy, between the orator and the first poet. At two
+semicircular tables on either hand sat three poets and three; silent
+among many candles. The chief made a little introduction, the orator a
+long Italian vile harangue. Then the chief, the poet, the poets,--who
+were a Franciscan, an Olivetan, an old abbé, and three lay,--read their
+compositions; and to-day they are pasted up in all parts of the town.
+As we came out of the church, we found all the convent and neighbouring
+houses lighted all over with lanthorns of red and yellow paper, and two
+bonfires.'[34]
+
+[32] Spence's _Anecdotes_, by Singer, 2d ed., 1858, pp. 305-8.
+
+[33] Jarchius has taken the trouble to give us a list of those clubs,
+or academies [i. e., _the academies of Italy_], which amount to five
+hundred and fifty, each distinguished by somewhat whimsical in the
+name. The academicians of Bologna, for instance, are divided into the
+Abbandonati, the Ausiosi, Ociosi, Arcadi, Confusi, Dubbiosi, etc. There
+are few of these who have not published their Transactions, and scarce
+a member who is not looked upon as the most famous man in the world, at
+home.--GOLDSMITH, in _The Bee_, No. vi., for 10 November, 1759.
+
+[34] _Walpole to West_, no date, 1739.
+
+In the Christmas of 1739, the friends crossed the Apennines, and
+entered Florence. If they had wanted introductions at Bologna, there
+was no lack of them in Tuscany, and they were to find one friend who
+afterwards figured largely in Walpole's correspondence. This was Mr.
+(afterwards Sir Horace) Mann, British Minister Plenipotentiary at the
+Court of Florence. 'He is the best and most obliging person in the
+world,' says Gray, and his house, with a brief interval, was their
+residence for fifteen months. Their letters from Florence are less
+interesting than those from which quotations have already been made,
+while their amusements seem to have been more independent of each other
+than before. Gray occupied himself in the galleries taking the notes of
+pictures and statuary afterwards published by Mitford, and in forming
+a collection of MS. music; Walpole, on the other hand, had slightly
+cooled in his eagerness for the antique, which now 'pleases him
+calmly.' 'I recollect'--he says--'the joy I used to propose if I could
+but see the Great Duke's gallery; I walk into it now with as little
+emotion as I should into St. Paul's. The statues are a congregation of
+good sort of people that I have a great deal of unruffled regard for.'
+The fact was, no doubt, that society had now superior attractions.
+As the son of the English Prime Minister, and with Mann, who was a
+relation,[35] at his elbow, all doors were open to him. A correct
+record of his time would probably show an unvaried succession of
+suppers, balls, and masquerades. In the carnival week, when he snatches
+'a little unmasqued moment' to write to West, he says he has done
+nothing lately 'but slip out of his domino into bed, and out of bed
+into his domino. The end of the Carnival is frantic, bacchanalian; all
+the morn one makes parties in masque to the shops and coffee-houses,
+and all the evening to the operas and balls.' If Gray was of these
+junketings, his letters do not betray it. He was probably engaged in
+writing uncomplimentary notes on the Venus de' Medici, or transcribing
+a score of Pergolesi.
+
+[35] Dr. Doran ('_Mann_' and _Manners at the Court of Florence_, 1876,
+i. 2) describes this connection as 'a distant cousinship.'
+
+The first interruption to these diversions came in March, when they
+quitted Florence for Rome in order to witness the coronation of the
+successor of Clement XII., who had died in the preceding month. On
+their road from Siena they were passed by a shrill-voiced figure in a
+red cloak, with a white handkerchief on its head, which they took for
+a fat old woman, but which afterwards turned out to be Farinelli's
+rival, Senesino. Rome disappointed them,--especially in its inhabitants
+and general desolation. 'I am very glad,' writes Walpole, 'that I see
+it while it yet exists;' and he goes on to prophesy that before a
+great number of years it will cease to exist. 'I am persuaded,' he
+says again, 'that in an hundred years Rome will not be worth seeing;
+'tis less so now than one would believe. All the public pictures are
+decayed or decaying; the few ruins cannot last long; and the statues
+and private collections must be sold, from the great poverty of the
+families.' Perhaps this last consideration, coupled with the depressing
+character of Roman hospitality ('Roman conversations are dreadful
+things!' he tells Conway), revived his virtuoso tastes. 'I am far gone
+in medals, lamps, idols, prints, etc., and all the small commodities
+to the purchase of which I can attain; I would buy the Coliseum if I
+could.' Meanwhile as the cardinals are quarrelling, the coronation is
+still deferred; and they visit Naples, whence they explore Herculaneum,
+then but recently exposed and identified. But neither Gray nor Walpole
+waxes very eloquent upon this theme,--probably because at this time the
+excavations were only partial, while Pompeii was, of course, as yet
+under ground. Walpole's next letter is written from Radicofani,--'a
+vile little town at the foot of an old citadel,' which again is at
+'the top of a black barren mountain;' the whole reminding the writer
+of 'Hamilton's Bawn' in Swift's verses. In this place, although the
+traditional residence of one of the Three Kings of Cologne, there is
+but one pen, the property of the Governor, who when Walpole borrows
+it, sends it to him under 'conduct of a sergeant and two Swiss,' with
+special injunctions as to its restoration,--a precaution which in
+Walpole's view renders it worthy to be ranked with the other precious
+relics of the poor Capuchins of the place, concerning which he
+presently makes rather unkindly fun. A few days later they were once
+more in the Casa Ambrosio, Mann's pleasant house at Florence, with
+the river running so close to them that they could fish out of the
+windows. 'I have a terreno [ground-floor] all to myself,' says Walpole,
+'with an open gallery on the Arno, where I am now writing to you [_i.
+e._, Conway]. Over against me is the famous Gallery; and, on either
+hand, two fair bridges. Is not this charming and cool?' Add to which,
+on the bridges aforesaid, in the serene Italian air, one may linger
+all night in a dressing-gown, eating iced fruits to the notes of a
+guitar. But (what was even better than music and moonlight) there is
+the society that was the writer's 'fitting environment.' Lady Pomfret,
+with her daughters, Lady Charlotte, afterwards governess to the
+children of George III., and the beauty Lady Sophia, held a 'charming
+conversation' once a week; while the Princess Craon de Beauvau has 'a
+constant pharaoh and supper every night, where one is quite at one's
+ease.' Another lady-resident, scarcely so congenial to Walpole, was
+his sister-in-law, the wife of his eldest brother, Robert, who, with
+Lady Pomfret, made certain (in Walpole's eyes) wholly preposterous
+pretentions to the yet uninvented status of blue-stocking. To Lady
+Walpole and Lady Pomfret was speedily added another 'she-meteor' in the
+person of the celebrated Lady Mary Wortley Montagu.
+
+When Lady Mary arrived in Florence in the summer of 1740, she
+was a woman of more than fifty, and was just entering upon that
+unexplained exile from her country and husband which was prolonged for
+two-and-twenty years. Her brilliant abilities were unimpaired; but it
+is probable that the personal eccentricities which had exposed her to
+the satire of Pope, had not decreased with years. That these would
+be extenuated under Walpole's malicious pen was not to be expected;
+still less, perhaps, that they would be treated justly. Although,
+as already intimated, he was not aware of the scandal respecting
+himself which her descendants were to revive, he had ample ground for
+antipathy. Her husband was the bitter foe of Sir Robert Walpole; and
+she herself had been the firm friend and protectress of his mother's
+rival and successor, Miss Skerret.[36] Accordingly, even before her
+advent, he makes merry over the anticipated issue of this portentous
+'triple alliance' of mysticism and nonsense, and later he writes to
+Conway: 'Did I tell you Lady Mary Wortley is here? She laughs at my
+Lady Walpole, scolds my Lady Pomfret, and is laughed at by the whole
+town. Her dress, her avarice, and her impudence must amaze any one
+that never heard her name. She wears a foul mob, that does not cover
+her greasy black locks, that hang loose, never combed or curled; an
+old mazarine blue wrapper, that gaps open and discovers a canvas
+petticoat.... In three words, I will give you her picture as we drew it
+in the _Sortes Virgilianæ_,--_Insanam vatem aspicies_. I give you my
+honour we did not choose it; but Gray, Mr. Coke, Sir Francis Dashwood,
+and I, with several others, drew it fairly amongst a thousand for
+different people.'[37] In justice to Lady Mary it is only fair to say
+that she seems to have been quite unconscious that she was an object of
+ridicule, and was perfectly satisfied with her reception at Florence.
+'Lord and Lady Pomfret'--she tells Mr. Wortley--'take pains to make
+the place agreeable to me, and I have been visited by the greatest
+part of the people of quality.'[38] But although Walpole's portrait is
+obviously malicious (some of its details are suppressed in the above
+quotation), it is plain that even unprejudiced spectators could not
+deny her peculiarities. 'Lady Mary,' said Spence, 'is one of the most
+shining characters in the world, but shines like a comet; she is all
+irregularity, and always wandering; the most wise, the most imprudent;
+loveliest, most disagreeable; best-natured, cruellest woman in the
+world: "all things by turns, but nothing long."'[39]
+
+[36] Shortly after Lady Walpole's death, Sir Robert Walpole married his
+mistress, Maria Skerret, who died 4 June, 1738, leaving a daughter,
+Horace Walpole's half-sister, subsequently Lady Mary Churchill.
+
+[37] _Walpole to Conway_, 25 September, 1740.
+
+[38] _Letters_, etc., of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, ii. 325.
+
+[39] _Spence's Anecdotes_, by Singer, 2nd edn., 1858, p. xxiii.
+
+By this time the new pope, Benedict XIV., had been elected. But
+although the friends were within four days journey of Rome, the fear
+of heat and malaria forced them to forego the spectacle of the
+coronation. They continued to reside with Mann at Florence until May
+in the following year. Upon Gray the 'violent delights' of the Tuscan
+capital had already begun to pall. It is, he says, 'an excellent place
+to employ all one's animal sensations in, but utterly contrary to
+one's rational powers.' Walpole, on the other hand, is in his element.
+'I am so well within and without,' he says in the same letter which
+sketches Lady Mary, 'that you would scarce know me: I am younger than
+ever, think of nothing but diverting myself, and live in a round of
+pleasures. We have operas, concerts, and balls, mornings and evenings.
+I dare not tell you all of one's idlenesses; you would look so grave
+and senatorial at hearing that one rises at eleven in the morning,
+goes to the opera at nine at night, to supper at one, and to bed at
+three! But literally here the evenings and nights are so charming and
+so warm, one can't avoid 'em.' In a later letter he says he has lost
+all curiosity, and 'except the towns in the straight road to Great
+Britain, shall scarce see a jot more of a foreign land.' Indeed,
+save a sally concerning the humours of 'Moll Worthless' (Lady Mary)
+and Lady Walpole, and the record of the purchase of a few pictures,
+medals, and busts,--one of the last of which, a Vespasian in basalt,
+was subsequently among the glories of the Twickenham Gallery,--his
+remaining letters from Florence contain little of interest. Early in
+1741, the homeward journey was mapped out. They were to go to Bologna
+to hear the Viscontina sing, they were to visit the Fair at Reggio, and
+so by Venice homewards.
+
+But whether the Viscontina was in voice or not, there is, as far as
+our travellers are concerned, absence of evidence. No further letter
+of Gray from Florence has been preserved, nor is there any mention
+of him in Walpole's next despatch to West from Reggio. At that place
+a misunderstanding seems to have arisen, and they parted, Gray going
+forward to Venice with two other travelling companions, Mr. John Chute
+and Mr. Whitehed. In the rather barren record of Walpole's story, this
+misunderstanding naturally assumes an exaggerated importance. But it
+was really a very trifling and a very intelligible affair. They had
+been too long together; and the first fascination of travel, which
+formed at the outset so close a bond, had gradually faded with time. As
+this alteration took place, their natural dispositions began to assert
+themselves, and Walpole's normal love of pleasure and Gray's retired
+studiousness became more and more apparent. It is probable too, that,
+in all the Florentine gaieties, Gray, who was not a great man's son,
+fell a little into the background. At all events, the separation was
+imminent, and it needed but a nothing--the alleged opening by Walpole
+of a letter of Gray[40]--to to bring it about. Whatever the proximate
+cause, both were silent on the subject, although, years after the
+quarrel had been made up, and Gray was dead, Walpole took the entire
+blame upon himself. When Mason was preparing Gray's _Memoirs_ in 1773,
+he authorized him to insert a note by which, in general terms, he
+admitted himself to have been in fault, assigning as his reason for not
+being more explicit, that while he was living it would not be pleasant
+to read his private affairs discussed in magazines and newspapers. But
+to Mason personally he was at the same time thoroughly candid, as well
+as considerate to his departed friend: 'I am conscious,' he says, 'that
+in the beginning of the differences between Gray and me, the fault was
+mine. I was too young, too fond of my own diversions, nay, I do not
+doubt, too much intoxicated by indulgence, vanity, and the insolence of
+my situation, as a Prime Minister's son, not to have been inattentive
+and insensible to the feelings of one I thought below me; of one, I
+blush to say it, that I knew was obliged to me; of one whom presumption
+and folly perhaps made me deem not my superior _then_ in parts, though
+I have since felt my infinite inferiority to him. I treated him
+insolently: he loved me, and I did not think he did. I reproached him
+with the difference between us when he acted from conviction of knowing
+he was my superior; I often disregarded his wishes of seeing places,
+which I would not quit other amusements to visit, though I offered to
+send him to them without me. Forgive me, if I say that his temper was
+not conciliating. At the same time that I will confess to you that he
+acted a more friendly part, had I had the sense to take advantage of
+it; he freely told me of my faults. I declared I did not desire to hear
+them, nor would correct them. You will not wonder that with the dignity
+of his spirit, and the obstinate carelessness of mine, the breach must
+have grown wider till we became incompatible.'[41]
+
+[40] This rests upon the authority of a shadowy Mr. Roberts of the
+Pell-office, who told it to Isaac Reed in 1799, more than half a
+century after the event. The subject is discussed at some length, but
+of necessity inconclusively, by Mr. D. C. Tovey in his interesting
+_Gray and his Friends_, 1890. Mr. Tovey thinks that Ashton was
+obscurely connected with the quarrel.
+
+[41] _Walpole to Mason_, 2 March, 1773. The letters to Mason were first
+printed in 1851 by Mitford. But Pinkerton, in the _Walpoliana_, i.
+95, had reported much the same thing. 'The quarrel between Gray and
+me [Walpole] arose from his being too serious a companion. I had just
+broke loose from the restraints of the university, with as much money
+as I could spend, and I was willing to indulge myself. Gray was for
+antiquities, etc., while I was for perpetual balls and plays. The fault
+was mine.'
+
+'Sir, you have said more than was necessary' was Johnson's reply to a
+peace-making speech from Topham Beauclerk. It is needless to comment
+further upon this incident, except to add that Walpole's generous words
+show that the disagreement was rather the outcome of a sequence of
+long-strained circumstances than the result of momentary petulance. For
+a time reconciliation was deferred, but eventually it was effected by
+a lady, and the intimacy thus renewed continued for the remainder of
+Gray's life.
+
+Shortly after Gray's departure in May, Walpole fell ill of a quinsy.
+He did not, at first, recognise the gravity of his ailment, and
+doctored himself. By a fortunate chance, Joseph Spence, then travelling
+as governor to the Earl of Lincoln, was in the neighbourhood, and,
+responding to a message from Walpole, 'found him scarce able to
+speak.' Spence immediately sent for medical aid, and summoned from
+Florence one Antonio Cocchi, a physician and author of some eminence.
+Under Cocchi's advice, Walpole speedily showed signs of improvement,
+though, in his own words in the _Short Notes_, he 'was given over
+for five hours, escaping with great difficulty.' The sequel may be
+told from the same source. 'I went to Venice with Henry Clinton, Earl
+of Lincoln, and Mr. Joseph Spence, Professor of Poetry, and after a
+month's stay there, returned with them by sea from Genoa, landing
+at Antibes; and by the way of Toulon, Marseilles, Aix, and through
+Languedoc to Montpellier, Toulouse, and Orléans, arrived at Paris,
+where I left the Earl and Mr. Spence, and landed at Dover, September
+12th, 1741, O. S., having been chosen Member of Parliament for
+Kellington [Callington], in Cornwall, at the preceding General Election
+[of June], which Parliament put a period to my father's administration,
+which had continued above twenty years.'
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+ Gains of the Grand Tour.--'Epistle to Ashton.'--Resignation of Sir
+ Robert Walpole, who becomes Earl of Orford.--Collapse of the Secret
+ Committee.--Life at Houghton.--The Picture Gallery.--'A Sermon on
+ Painting.'--Lord Orford as Moses.--The 'Ædes Walpolianæ.'--Prior's
+ 'Protogenes and Apelles.'--Minor Literature.--Lord Orford's Decline
+ and Death; his Panegyric.--Horace Walpole's Means.
+
+
+Although, during his stay in Italy, Walpole had neglected to accumulate
+the store of erudition which his friend Gray had been so industriously
+hiving for home consumption, he can scarcely be said to have learned
+nothing, especially at an age when much is learned unconsciously. His
+epistolary style, which, with its peculiar graces and pseudo-graces,
+had been already formed before he left England, had now acquired a
+fresh vivacity from his increased familiarity with the French and
+Italian languages; and he had carried on, however discursively,
+something more than a mere flirtation with antiquities. Dr. Conyers
+Middleton, whose once famous _Life of Cicero_ was published early
+in 1741, and who was himself an antiquary of distinction, thought
+highly of Walpole's attainments in this way,[42] and indeed more than
+one passage in a poem written by Walpole to Ashton at this time could
+scarcely have been penned by any one not fairly familiar with (for
+example) the science of those 'medals' upon which Mr. Joseph Addison
+had discoursed so learnedly after his Italian tour:--
+
+    'What scanty precepts! studies how confin'd!
+    Too mean to fill your comprehensive mind;
+    Unsatisfy'd with knowing when or where
+    Some Roman bigot rais'd a fane to FEAR;
+    On what green medal VIRTUE stands express'd,
+    How CONCORD'S pictur'd, LIBERTY how dress'd;
+    Or with wise ken judiciously define
+    When Pius marks the honorary coin
+    Of CARACALLA, or of ANTONINE.'[43]
+
+[42] Juvenis, non tam generis nobilitate, ac paterni nominis gloriâ,
+quam ingenio, doctrinâ, et virtute propriâ illustris. Ille vero
+haud citius fere in patriam reversus est, quam de studiis meis, ut
+consuerat, familiariter per literas quærens, mihi ultro de copiâ suâ,
+quicquid ad argumenti mei rationem, aut libelli ornamentum pertineret,
+pro arbitrio meo utendum obtulit.--_Pref. ad Germana quædam Antiq.
+Monumenta_, etc., p. 6 (quoted in Mitford's _Corr. of Walpole and
+Mason_, 1851, i. x-xi).
+
+[43] Walpole's _Works_, 1798, i. 6.
+
+The poem from which these lines are taken--_An Epistle from Florence.
+To Thomas Ashton, Esq., Tutor to the Earl of Plimouth_--extends
+to some four hundred lines, and exhibits another side of Walpole's
+activity in Italy. 'You have seen'--says Gray to West in July,
+1740--'an Epistle to Mr. Ashton, that seems to me full of spirit
+and thought, and a good deal of poetic fire.' Writing to him ten
+years later, Gray seems still to have retained his first impression.
+'Satire'--he says--'will be heard, for all the audience are by nature
+her friends; especially when she appears in the spirit of Dryden,
+with his strength, and often with his versification, such as you have
+caught in those lines on the Royal Unction, on the Papal dominion, and
+Convents of both Sexes; on Henry VIII. and Charles II., for these are
+to me the shining parts of your Epistle. There are many lines I could
+wish corrected, and some blotted out, but beauties enough to atone for
+a thousand worse faults than these.'[44] Walpole has never been ranked
+among the poets; but Gray's praise, in which Middleton and others
+concurred, justifies a further quotation. This is the passage on the
+Royal Unction and the Papal Dominion:--
+
+[44] Gray's _Works_, by Gosse, 1884, ii. 221.
+
+    'When at the altar a new monarch kneels,
+    What conjur'd awe upon the people steals!
+    The chosen He adores the precious oil,
+    Meekly receives the solemn charm, and while
+    The priest some blessed nothings mutters o'er,
+    Sucks in the sacred grease at every pore:
+    He seems at once to shed his mortal skin,
+    And feels divinity transfus'd within.
+    The trembling vulgar dread the royal nod,
+    And worship God's anointed more than God.
+
+    'Such sanction gives the prelate to such kings!
+    So mischief from those hallow'd fountains springs.
+    But bend your eye to yonder harass'd plains,
+    Where king and priest in one united reigns;
+    See fair Italia mourn her holy state,
+    And droop oppress'd beneath a papal weight;
+    Where fat celibacy usurps the soil,
+    And sacred sloth consumes the peasant's toil:
+    The holy drones monopolise the sky,
+    And plunder by a vow of poverty.
+    The Christian cause their lewd profession taints,
+    Unlearn'd, unchaste, uncharitable saints.'[45]
+
+[45] Walpole's _Works_, 1798, i. 8-9.
+
+That the refined and fastidious Horace Walpole of later years should
+have begun as a passable imitator of Dryden is sufficiently piquant.
+But that the son of the great courtier Prime Minister should have
+distinguished himself by the vigour of his denunciations of kings and
+priests, especially when, as his biographers have not failed to remark,
+he was writing to one about to take orders, is more noticeable still.
+The poem was reprinted in his works, but he makes no mention of it
+in the _Short Notes_, nor of an _Inscription for the Neglected Column
+in the Place of St. Mark at Florence_, written at the same time, and
+characterized by the same anti-monarchical spirit.
+
+His letters to Mann, his chief correspondent at this date, are
+greatly occupied, during the next few months, with the climax of
+the catastrophe recorded at the end of the preceding chapter,--the
+resignation of Sir Robert Walpole. The first of the long series was
+written on his way home in September, 1741, when he had for his
+fellow-passengers the Viscontina, Amorevoli, and other Italian singers,
+then engaged in invading England. He appears to have at once taken up
+his residence with his father in Downing Street. Into the network of
+circumstances which had conspired to array against the great peace
+Minister the formidable opposition of disaffected Whigs, Jacobites,
+Tories, and adherents of the Prince of Wales, it would here be
+impossible to enter. But there were already signs that Sir Robert was
+nodding to his fall; and that, although the old courage was as high
+as ever, the old buoyancy was beginning to flag. Failing health added
+its weight to the scale. In October Walpole tells his correspondent
+that he had 'been very near sealing his letter with black wax,' for
+his father had been in danger of his life, but was recovering, though
+he is no longer the Sir Robert that Mann once knew. He who formerly
+would snore before they had drawn his curtains, now never slept above
+an hour without waking; and 'he who at dinner always forgot that he was
+Minister,' now sat silent, with eyes fixed for an hour together. At
+the opening of Parliament, however, there was an ostensible majority
+of forty for the Court, and Walpole seems to have regarded this as
+encouraging. But one of the first motions was for an inquiry into the
+state of the nation, and this was followed by a division upon a Cornish
+petition which reduced the majority to seven,--a variation which sets
+the writer nervously jesting about apartments in the Tower. Seven
+days later, the opposition obtained a majority of four; and although
+Sir Robert, still sanguine in the remembrance of past successes,
+seemed less anxious than his family, matters were growing grave, and
+his youngest son was reconciling himself to the coming blow. It came
+practically on the 21st January, 1742, when Pulteney moved for a secret
+committee, which (in reality) was to be a committee of accusation
+against the Prime Minister. Walpole defeated this manœuvre with his
+characteristic courage and address, but only by a narrow majority of
+three. So inconsiderable a victory upon so crucial a question was
+perilously close to a reverse; and when, in the succeeding case of the
+disputed Chippenham Election, the Government were defeated by one, he
+yielded to the counsels of his advisers, and decided to resign. He was
+thereupon raised to the peerage as Earl of Orford, with a pension of
+£4,000 a year,[46] while his daughter by his second wife, Miss Skerret,
+was created an Earl's daughter in her own right. His fall was mourned
+by no one more sincerely than by the master he had served so staunchly
+for so long; and when he went to kiss hands at St. James's upon taking
+leave, the old king fell upon his neck, embraced him, and broke into
+tears.
+
+[46] He gave this up at first, but afterwards, when his affairs became
+involved, reclaimed it (Cunningham's _Corr._, i. 126 n.).
+
+The new Earl himself seems to have taken his reverses with his
+customary equanimity, and, like the shrewd 'old Parliamentary hand'
+that he was, to have at once devoted himself to the difficult task of
+breaking the force of the attack which he foresaw would be made upon
+himself by those in power. He contrived adroitly to foster dissension
+and disunion among the heterogeneous body of his opponents; he secured
+that the new Ministry should be mainly composed of his old party, the
+Whigs; and he managed to discredit his most formidable adversary,
+Pulteney. One of the first results of these precautionary measures was
+that a motion by Lord Limerick for a committee to examine into the
+conduct of the last twenty years was thrown out by a small majority. A
+fortnight later the motion was renewed in a fresh form, the scope of
+the examination being limited to the last ten years. Upon this occasion
+Horace Walpole made his maiden speech,--a graceful and modest, if not
+very forcible, effort on his father's side. In this instance, however,
+the Government were successful, and the Committee was appointed. Yet,
+despite the efforts to excite the public mind respecting Lord Orford,
+the case against him seems to have faded away in the hands of his
+accusers. The first report of the Committee, issued in May, contained
+nothing to criminate the person against whom the inquiry had been
+directly levelled; and despite the strenuous and even shameless efforts
+of the Government to obtain evidence inculpating the late Minister, the
+Committee were obliged to issue a second report in June, of which,--so
+far as the chief object was concerned,--the gross result was nil.
+By the middle of July, Walpole was able to tell Mann that the 'long
+session was over, and the Secret Committee already forgotten,'--as much
+forgotten, he says in a later letter, 'as if it had happened in the
+last reign.'
+
+When Sir Robert Walpole had resigned, he had quitted his official
+residence in Downing Street (which ever since he first occupied it
+in 1735 has been the official residence of the First Lord of the
+Treasury), and moved to No. 5, Arlington Street, opposite to, but
+smaller than, the No. 17 in which his youngest son had been born,
+and upon the site of which William Kent built a larger house for Mr.
+Pelham. No. 5 is now distinguished by a tablet erected by the Society
+of Arts, proclaiming it to have been the house of the ex-Minister. From
+Arlington Street, or from the other home at Chelsea already mentioned,
+most of Walpole's letters were dated during the months which succeeded
+the crisis. But in August, when the House had risen, he migrated with
+the rest of the family to Houghton,--the great mansion in Norfolk
+which had now taken the place of the ancient seat of the Walpoles,
+where during the summer months his father had been accustomed in his
+free-handed manner to keep open house to all the county. Fond of
+hospitality, fond of field-sports, fond of gardening, and all out-door
+occupations, Lord Orford was at home among the flat expanses and
+Norfolk turnips. But the family seat had no such attractions to his
+son, fresh from the multi-coloured Continental life, and still bearing
+about him, in a certain frailty of physique and enervation of spirit,
+the tokens of a sickly childhood. 'Next post'--he says despairingly
+to Mann--'I shall not be able to write to you; and when I am there
+[at Houghton], shall scarce find materials to furnish a letter above
+every other post. I beg, however, that you will write constantly to
+me; it will be my only entertainment; for I neither hunt, brew, drink,
+nor reap.' 'Consider'--he says again--'I am in the barren land of
+Norfolk, where news grows as slow as anything green; and besides, I
+am in the house of a fallen minister!' Writing letters (in company
+with the little white dog 'Patapan'[47] which he had brought from
+Rome as a successor to the defunct Tory), walking, and playing comet
+with his sister Lady Mary or any chance visitors to the house, seem
+to have been his chief resources. A year later he pays a second visit
+to Houghton, and he is still unreconciled to his environment. 'Only
+imagine that I here every day see men, who are mountains of roast
+beef, and only just seem roughly hewn out into the outlines of human
+form, like the giant-rock at Pratolino! I shudder when I see them
+brandish their knives in act to carve, and look on them as savages
+that devour one another.' Then there are the enforced civilities to
+entirely uninteresting people,--the intolerable female relative,
+who is curious about her cousins to the fortieth remove. 'I have an
+Aunt here, a family piece of goods, an old remnant of inquisitive
+hospitality and economy, who, to all intents and purposes, is as beefy
+as her neighbours. She wore me so down yesterday with interrogatories
+that I dreamt all night she was at my ear with "who's" and "why's,"
+and "when's" and "where's," till at last in my very sleep I cried out,
+"For heaven's sake, Madam, ask me no more questions."' And then, in his
+impatience of bores in general, he goes on to write a little essay upon
+that 'growth of English root,' that 'awful yawn, which sleep cannot
+abate,' as Byron calls it,--Ennui. 'I am so far from growing used to
+mankind [he means 'uncongenial mankind'] by living amongst them, that
+my natural ferocity and wildness does but every day grow worse. They
+tire me, they fatigue me; I don't know what to do with them; I don't
+know what to say to them; I fling open the windows, and fancy I want
+air; and when I get by myself, I undress myself, and seem to have had
+people in my pockets, in my plaits, and on my shoulders! I indeed find
+this fatigue worse in the country than in town, because one can avoid
+it there, and has more resources; but it is there too. I fear 'tis
+growing old; but I literally seem to have murdered a man whose name was
+Ennui, for his ghost is ever before me. They say there is no English
+word for _ennui_; I think you may translate it most literally by what
+is called "entertaining people" and "doing the honours:" that is, you
+sit an hour with somebody you don't know and don't care for, talk about
+the wind and the weather, and ask a thousand foolish questions, which
+all begin with, "I think you live a good deal in the country," or "I
+think you don't love this thing or that." Oh, 'tis dreadful!'[48]
+
+[47] Patapan's portrait was painted by John Wootton, who illustrated
+Gay's _Fables_ in 1727 with Kent. It hung in Walpole's bedroom at
+Strawberry, and now (1892) belongs to Lord Lifford. In 1743 Walpole
+wrote a Fable in imitation of La Fontaine, to which he gave the title
+of _Patapan; or, the Little White Dog_. It was never printed.
+
+[48] _Walpole to Chute_, 20 August, 1743. Mr. John Chute was a friend
+whom Walpole had made at Florence, and with whom, as already stated
+in Chapter II., Gray had travelled when they parted company. Until, by
+the death of a brother, he succeeded to the estate called The Vyne,
+in Hampshire, he lived principally abroad. His portrait by Müntz,
+after Pompeio Battoni, hung over the door in Walpole's bedchamber at
+Strawberry Hill. An exhaustive _History of The Vyne_ was published in
+1888 by the late Mr. Chaloner W. Chute, at that time its possessor.
+
+But even Houghton, with its endless 'doing the honours,' must have had
+its compensations. There was a library, and--what must have had even
+stronger attractions for Horace Walpole--that magnificent and almost
+unique collection of pictures which under a later member of the family,
+the third Earl of Orford, passed to Catherine of Russia. For years Lord
+Orford, with unwearied diligence and exceptional opportunities, had
+been accumulating these treasures. Mann in Florence, Vertue in England,
+and a host of industrious foragers had helped to bring together the
+priceless canvases which crowded the rooms of the Minister's house
+next the Treasury at Whitehall. And if he was inexperienced as a
+critic, he was far too acute a man to be deceived by the shiploads
+of 'Holy Families, Madonnas, and other dismal dark subjects, neither
+entertaining nor ornamental,' against which the one great native artist
+of his time,--the painter of the 'Rake's Progress,' so persistently
+inveighed. There was no doubt about the pedigrees of the Wouvermanns
+and Teniers, the Guidos and Rubens, the Vandykes and Murillos, which
+decorated the rooms at Downing Street and Chelsea and Richmond. From
+the few records which remain of prices, it would seem that, in addition
+to the merit of authenticity, many of the pictures must have had the
+attraction of being 'bargains.' In days when £4,000 or £5,000 is no
+extravagant price to be given for an old master, it is instructive
+to read that £750 was the largest sum ever given by Lord Orford for
+any one picture, and Walpole himself quotes this amount as £630. For
+four great Snyders, which Vertue bought for him, he only paid £428,
+and for a portrait of Clement IX. by Carlo Maratti no more than £200.
+Many of the other pictures in his gallery cost him still less, being
+donations--no doubt sometimes in gratitude for favours to come--from
+his friends and adherents. The Earl of Pembroke, Lord Waldegrave, the
+Duke of Montagu, Lord Tyrawley, were among these. But, upon the whole,
+the collection was gathered mainly from galleries like the Zambecari at
+Bologna, the Arnaldi Palace at Florence, the Pallavicini at Rome, and
+from the stores of noble collectors in England.
+
+In 1743, the majority of these had apparently been concentrated at
+Houghton, where there was special accommodation for them. 'My Lord,'
+says Horace, groaning over a fresh visit to Norfolk, 'has pressed me
+so much that I could not with decency refuse: he is going to furnish
+and hang his picture-gallery, and wants me.' But it is impossible to
+believe that he really objected to a duty so congenial to his tastes.
+In fact, he was really greatly interested in it. His letters contain
+frequent references to a new Domenichino, a Virgin and Child, which
+Mann is sending from Florence, and he comes up to London to meet this
+and other pictures, and is not seriously inconsolable to find that
+owing to the quarantine for the plague on the Continent, he is detained
+for some days in town. One of the best evidences of his solicitude
+in connection with the arrangements of the Houghton collection is,
+however, the discourse which he wrote in the summer of 1742, under the
+title of a _Sermon on Painting_, and which he himself tells us was
+actually preached by the Earl's chaplain in the gallery, and afterwards
+repeated at Stanno, his elder brother's house. The text was taken from
+Psalm CXV.: 'They have Mouths, but they speak not: Eyes have they, but
+they see not: neither is there any Breath in their Nostrils;' and the
+writer, illustrating his theme by reference to the pictures around his
+audience in the gallery, or dispersed through the building, manages to
+eulogize the painter's art with considerable skill. He touches upon the
+pernicious effect which the closely realized representation of popish
+miracles must have upon the illiterate spectator, and points out how
+much more commendable and serviceable is the portraiture of benignity,
+piety, and chastity,--how much more instructive the incidents of the
+Passion, where every 'touch of the pencil is a lesson of contrition,
+each figure an apostle to call you to repentance.' He lays stress, as
+Lessing and other writers have done, on the universal language of the
+brush, and indicates its abuse when restricted to the reproduction of
+inquisitors, visionaries, imaginary hermits, 'consecrated gluttons,'
+or 'noted concubines,' after which (as becomes his father's son) he
+does not fail to disclose its more fitting vocation, to perpetuate the
+likeness of William the Deliverer, and the benign, the honest house of
+Hanover. _The Dives and Lazarus_ of Veronese and the _Prodigal Son_ of
+Salvator Rosa, both on the walls, are pressed into his service, and the
+famous _Usurers_ of Quentin Matsys also prompt their parable. Then,
+after adroitly dwelling upon the pictorial honours lavished upon mere
+asceticism to the prejudice of real heroes, taking Poussin's picture of
+_Moses Striking the Rock_ for his text, he winds into what was probably
+the ultimate purpose of his discourse, a neatly veiled panegyric of Sir
+Robert Walpole under guise of the great lawgiver of the Israelites,
+which may be cited as a favourable sample of this curious oration:
+
+'But it is not necessary to dive into profane history for examples of
+unregarded merit; the Scriptures themselves contain instances of the
+greatest patriots, who lie neglected, while new-fashioned bigots or
+noisy incendiaries are the reigning objects of public veneration. See
+the great Moses himself,--the lawgiver, the defender, the preserver of
+Israel! Peevish orators are more run after, and artful Jesuits more
+popular. Examine but the life of that slighted patriot, how boldly
+in his youth he understood the cause of liberty! Unknown, without
+interest, he stood against the face of Pharaoh! He saved his countrymen
+from the hand of tyranny, and from the dominion of an idolatrous king.
+How patiently did he bear for a series of years the clamours and cabals
+of a factious people, wandering after strange lusts, and exasperated
+by ambitious ringleaders! How oft did he intercede for their pardon,
+when injured himself! How tenderly deny them specious favours, which
+he knew must turn to their own destruction! See him lead them through
+opposition, through plots, through enemies, to the enjoyment of peace,
+and to the possession of _a land flowing with milk and honey_. Or with
+more surprise see him in the barren desert, where sands and wilds
+overspread the dreary scene, where no hopes of moisture, no prospect of
+undiscovered springs, could flatter their parching thirst; see how with
+a miraculous hand--
+
+    '"He struck the rock, and straight the waters flowed."'
+
+Whoever denies his praises to such evidences of merit, or with jealous
+look can scowl on such benefits, is like the senseless idol, that _has
+a mouth that speaks not, and eyes that cannot see_.'
+
+If, in accordance with some perverse fashion of the day, the foregoing
+production had not been disguised as a sermon, and actually preached
+with the orthodox accompaniment of bands and doxology, there is no
+reason why it should not have been regarded as a harmless and not
+unaccomplished essay on Art. But the objectionable spirit of parody
+upon the ritual, engendered by the strife between 'high' and 'low'
+(Walpole himself wrote some _Lessons for the Day_, 1742, which are to
+be found in the works of Sir Charles Hanbury Williams), seems to have
+dictated the title of what in other respects is a serious _Spectator_,
+and needed no spice of irreverence to render it palatable. The _Sermon_
+had, however, one valuable result, namely, that it suggested to its
+author the expediency of preparing some record of the pictorial
+riches of Houghton upon the model of the famous _Ædes Barberini_ and
+_Giustinianæ_. As the dedication of the _Ædes Walpolianæ_ is dated
+24 August, 1743, it must have been written before that date; but it
+was not actually published until 1747, and then only to give away.
+Another enlarged and more accurate edition was issued in 1752, and it
+was finally reprinted in the second volume of the _Works_ of 1798, pp.
+221-78, where it is followed by the _Sermon on Painting_. Professing
+to be more a catalogue of the pictures than a description of them, it
+nevertheless gives a good idea of a collection which (as its historian
+says) both in its extent and the condition of its treasures excelled
+most of the existing collections of Italy. In an 'Introduction,'
+the characteristics of the various artists are distinguished with
+much discrimination, although it is naturally more sympathetic than
+critical. Perhaps one of its happiest pages is the following excursus
+upon a poem of Prior: 'I cannot conclude this topic of the ancient
+painters without taking notice of an extreme pretty instance of Prior's
+taste, and which may make an example on that frequent subject, the
+resemblance between poetry and painting, and prove that taste in
+the one will influence in the other. Everybody has read his tale of
+Protogenes and Apelles. If they have read the story in Pliny they will
+recollect that by the latter's account it seemed to have been a trial
+between two Dutch performers. The Roman author tells you that when
+Apelles was to write his name on a board, to let Protogenes know who
+had been to inquire for him, he drew an exactly straight and slender
+line. Protogenes returned, and with his pencil and another colour,
+divided his competitor's. Apelles, on seeing the ingenious minuteness
+of the Rhodian master, took a third colour, and laid on a still finer
+and indivisible line. But the English poet, who could distinguish the
+emulation of genius from nice experiments about splitting hairs, took
+the story into his own hands, and in a less number of trials, and with
+bolder execution, comprehended the whole force of painting, and flung
+drawing, colouring, and the doctrine of light and shade into the noble
+contention of those two absolute masters. In Prior, the first wrote
+his name in a perfect design, and
+
+    '"----with one judicious stroke
+    On the plain ground Apelles drew
+    A circle regularly true."'
+
+Protogenes knew the hand, and showed Apelles that his own knowledge of
+colouring was as great as the other's skill in drawing.
+
+    '"Upon the happy line he laid
+    Such obvious light and easy shade
+    That Paris' apple stood confest,
+    Or Leda's egg, or Chloe's breast."'[49]
+
+[49] Mr. Vertue the engraver made a very ingenious conjecture on this
+story; he supposes that Apelles did not draw a straight line, but the
+outline of a human figure, which not being correct, Protogenes drew
+a more correct figure within his; but that still not being perfect,
+Apelles drew a smaller and exactly proportioned one within both the
+former.--_Walpole's note._
+
+Apelles acknowledged his rival's merit, without jealously persisting to
+refine on the masterly reply:--
+
+    '"Pugnavere pares, succubuere pares"'[50]
+
+[50] Walpole's _Works_, 1798, ii. 229-30. The final quotation is from
+Martial.
+
+Among the other efforts of his pen at this time were some squibs
+in ridicule of the new Ministry. One was a parody of a scene in
+_Macbeth_; the other of a scene in Corneille's _Cinna_. He also wrote a
+paper against Lord Bath in the _Old England Journal_.
+
+In the not very perplexed web of Horace Walpole's life, the next
+occurrence of importance is his father's death. When, as Sir Robert
+Walpole, he had ceased to be Prime Minister, he was sixty-five years
+of age; and though his equanimity and wonderful constitution still
+seemed to befriend him, he had personally little desire, even if
+the ways had been open, to recover his ancient power. 'I believe
+nothing could prevail on him to return to the Treasury,' writes his
+son to Mann in 1743. 'He says he will keep the 12th of February--the
+day he resigned--with his family as long as he lives.' He continued
+nevertheless, to assist his old master with his counsel, and more than
+one step of importance by which the King startled his new Ministry owed
+its origin to a confidential consultation with Lord Orford. When, in
+January, 1744, the old question of discontinuing the Hanoverian troops
+was revived with more than ordinary insistence, it was through Lord
+Orford's timely exertions, and his personal credit with his friends,
+that the motion was defeated by an overwhelming majority. On the other
+hand, a further attempt to harass him by another Committee of Secret
+Inquiry was wholly unsuccessful, and signs were not wanting that his
+old prestige had by no means departed. Towards the close of 1744,
+however, his son begins to chronicle a definite decline in his health.
+He is evidently suffering seriously from stone, and is forbidden to
+take the least exercise by the King's serjeant-surgeon, that famous
+Mr. Ranby who was the friend of Hogarth and Fielding.[51] In January
+of the next year, he is trying a famous specific for his complaint,
+Mrs. Stephens's medicine. Six weeks later, he has been alarmingly ill
+for about a month; and although reckoned out of absolute danger, is
+hardly ever conscious more than four hours out of the four-and-twenty,
+from the powerful opiates he takes in order to deaden pain. A month
+later, on the 18th March, 1745, he died at Arlington Street, in his
+sixty-ninth year. At first his son dares scarcely speak of his loss,
+but a fortnight afterwards he writes more fully. After showing that
+the state of his circumstances proved how little truth there had been
+in the charges of self-enrichment made against him, Walpole goes on
+to say: 'It is certain, he is dead very poor: his debts, with his
+legacies, which are trifling, amount to fifty thousand pounds. His
+estate, a nominal eight thousand a year, much mortgaged. In short, his
+fondness for Houghton has endangered him. If he had not so overdone it,
+he might have left such an estate to his family as might have secured
+the glory of the place for many years: another such debt must expose
+it to sale. If he had lived, his unbounded generosity and contempt of
+money would have run him into vast difficulties. However irreparable
+his personal loss may be to his friends, he certainly died critically
+well for himself: he had lived to stand the rudest trials with honour,
+to see his character universally cleared, his enemies brought to infamy
+for their ignorance or villainy, and the world allowing him to be
+the only man in England fit to be what he had been; and he died at a
+time when his age and infirmities prevented his again undertaking the
+support of a government, which engrossed his whole care, and which
+he foresaw was falling into the last confusion. In this I hope his
+judgment failed! His fortune attended him to the last, for he died of
+the most painful of all distempers, with little or no pain.'[52]
+
+[51] Ranby wrote a _Narrative of the last Illness of the Earl of
+Orford_, 1745, which provoked much controversy.
+
+[52] _Walpole to Mann_, 15 April, 1745.
+
+From the _Short Notes_ we learn further: 'He [my father] left me the
+house in Arlington-street in which he died, £5000 in money, and £1000 a
+year from the Collector's place in the Custom-house, and the surplus to
+be divided between my brother Edward and me.'
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+ Stage-gossip and Small-talk.--Ranelagh Gardens.--Fontenoy and
+ Leicester House.--Echoes of the '45.--Preston Pans.--Culloden.--Trial
+ of the Rebel Lords.--Deaths of Kilmarnock and Balmerino.--Epilogue
+ to _Tamerlane_.--Walpole and his Relatives.--Lady Orford.--Literary
+ Efforts.--The Beauties.--Takes a House at Windsor.
+
+
+During the period between Walpole's return to England and the death of
+Lord Orford, his letters, addressed almost exclusively to Mann, are
+largely occupied with the occurrences which accompanied and succeeded
+his father's downfall. To Lord Orford's _protégé_ and relative these
+particulars were naturally of the first importance, and Walpole's
+function of 'General Intelligencer' fell proportionately into the
+background. Still, there are occasional references to current events of
+a merely social character. After the Secret Committee, he is interested
+(probably because his friend Conway was pecuniarily interested) in
+the Opera, and the reception by the British public of the Viscontina,
+Amorevoli, and the other Italian singers whom he had known abroad.
+Of the stage he says comparatively little, dismissing poor Mrs.
+Woffington, who had then just made her appearance at Covent Garden, as
+'a bad actress,' who, nevertheless, 'has life,'--an opinion in which
+he is supported by Conway, who calls her 'an impudent, Irish-faced
+girl.' In the acting of Garrick, after whom all the town is (as Gray
+writes) 'horn-mad' in May, 1742, he sees nothing wonderful, although
+he admits that it is heresy to say so, since that infallible stage
+critic, the Duke of Argyll, has declared him superior to Betterton. But
+he praises 'a little simple farce' at Drury Lane, _Miss Lucy in Town_,
+by Henry Fielding, in which his future friend, Mrs. Clive, and Beard
+mimic Amorevoli and the Muscovita. The same letter contains a reference
+to another famous stage-queen, now nearing eighty, Anne Bracegirdle,
+who should have had the money that Congreve left to Henrietta, Duchess
+of Marlborough. 'Tell Mr. Chute [he says] that his friend Bracegirdle
+breakfasted with me this morning. As she went out, and wanted her
+clogs, she turned to me, and said, "I remember at the playhouse, they
+used to call, Mrs. Oldfield's chair! Mrs. Barry's clogs! and Mrs.
+Bracegirdle's pattens!"'[53] One pictures a handsome old lady, a
+little bent, and leaning on a crutch stick as she delivers this parting
+utterance at the door.[54]
+
+[53] _Walpole to Mann_, 26 May, 1742.
+
+[54] According to Pinkerton, another anecdote connects Mrs. Bracegirdle
+with the Walpoles. 'Mr. Shorter, my mother's father [he makes Horace
+say], was walking down Norfolk Street in the Strand, to his house
+there, just before poor Mountfort the player was killed in that street,
+by assassins hired by Lord Mohun. This nobleman, lying in wait for
+his prey, came up and embraced Mr. Shorter by mistake, saying, 'Dear
+Mountfort!' It was fortunate that he was instantly undeceived, for Mr.
+Shorter had hardly reached his house before the murder took place'
+(_Walpoliana_, ii. 96). Mountfort, it will be remembered, owed his
+death to Mrs. Bracegirdle's liking for him.
+
+Among the occurrences of 1742 which find fitting record in the
+correspondence, is the opening of that formidable rival to Vauxhall,
+Ranelagh Gardens. All through the spring the great Rotunda, with its
+encircling tiers of galleries and supper-boxes,--the _coup d'œil_ of
+which Johnson thought was the finest thing he had ever seen,--had
+been rising slowly at the side of Chelsea Hospital. In April it was
+practically completed, and almost ready for visitors. Walpole, of
+course, breakfasts there, like the rest of the _beau monde_. 'The
+building is not finished [he says], but they get great sums by people
+going to see it and breakfasting in the house; there were yesterday
+no less than three hundred and eighty persons, at eighteenpence
+a-piece. You see how poor we are, when, with a tax of four shillings
+in the pound, we are laying out such sums for cakes and ale.'[55] A
+week or two later comes the formal inauguration. 'Two nights ago [May
+24] Ranelagh-gardens were opened at Chelsea; the Prince, Princess,
+Duke, much nobility, and much mob besides, were there. There is a
+vast amphitheatre, finely gilt, painted, and illuminated, into which
+everybody that loves eating, drinking, staring, or crowding, is
+admitted for twelvepence. The building and disposition of the gardens
+cost sixteen thousand pounds. Twice a week there are to be Ridottos at
+guinea-tickets, for which you are to have a supper and music. I was
+there last night [May 25],'--the writer adds,--'but did not find the
+joy of it,'[56] and, at present, he prefers Vauxhall, because of the
+approach by water, that '_trajet du fleuve fatal_,'--as it is styled
+in the _Vauxhall de Londres_ which a French poet dedicated in 1769
+to M. de Fontenelle. He seems, however, to have taken Lord Orford to
+Ranelagh, and he records in July that they walked with a train at
+their heels like two chairmen going to fight,--from which he argues a
+return of his father's popularity. Two years later Fashion has declared
+itself on the side of the new garden, and Walpole has gone over to
+the side of Fashion. 'Every night constantly [he tells Conway] I go
+to Ranelagh; which has totally beat Vauxhall. Nobody goes anywhere
+else,--everybody goes there. My Lord Chesterfield is so fond of it that
+he says he has ordered all his letters to be directed thither. If you
+had never seen it, I would make you a most pompous description of it,
+and tell you how the floor is all of beaten princes; that you can't set
+your foot without treading on a Prince of Wales or Duke of Cumberland.
+The company is universal: there is from his Grace of Grafton down to
+children out of the Foundling Hospital; from my Lady Townshend to
+the kitten; from my Lord Sandys to your humble cousin and sincere
+friend.'[57]
+
+[55] _Walpole to Mann_, 22 April, 1742.
+
+[56] _Walpole to Mann_, 26 May, 1742.
+
+[57] _Walpole to Conway_, 29 June, 1744.
+
+After Lord Orford's death, the next landmark in Horace Walpole's life
+is his removal to the house at Twickenham, subsequently known as
+Strawberry Hill. To a description of this historical mansion the next
+chapter will be in part devoted. In the mean time we may linger for a
+moment upon the record which these letters contain of the famous '45.
+No better opportunity will probably occur of exhibiting Walpole as
+the reporter of history in the process of making. Much that he tells
+Mann and Montagu is no doubt little more than the skimming of the last
+_Gazette_; but he had always access to trustworthy information, and is
+seldom a dull reporter, even of newspaper news. Almost the next letter
+to that in which he dwells at length upon the loss of his father,
+records the disaster of Tournay, or Fontenoy, in which, he tells Mann,
+Mr. Conway has highly distinguished himself, magnificently engaging--as
+appears from a subsequent communication--no less than two French
+Grenadiers at once. His account of the battle is bare enough; but what
+apparently interests him most is the patriotic conduct of the Prince of
+Wales, who made a _chanson_ on the occasion, after the fashion of the
+Regent Orléans:--
+
+    'VENEZ, mes chères Déesses,
+    Venez calmer mon chagrin;
+    Aidez, mes belles Princesses,
+    A le noyer dans le vin.
+    Poussons cette douce Ivresse
+    Jusqu'au milieu de la nuit,
+    Et n'écoutons que la tendresse
+    D'un charmant vis-à-vis.
+
+           *       *       *       *       *
+
+    'Que m'importe que l'Europe
+    Ait un ou plusieurs tyrans?
+    Prions seulement Calliope,
+    Qu'elle inspire nos vers, nos chants.
+    Laissons Mars et toute la gloire;
+    Livrons nous tous à l'amour;
+    Que Bacchus nous donne à boire;
+    A ces deux fasions [_sic_] la cour.'
+
+The goddesses addressed were Lady Catherine Hanmer, Lady Fauconberg,
+and Lady Middlesex, who played Congreve's _Judgment of Paris_ at
+Leicester House, with his Royal Highness as Paris, and Prince Lobkowitz
+for Mercury. Walpole says of the song that it 'miscarried in nothing
+but the language, the thoughts, and the poetry.' Yet he copies the
+whole five verses, of which the above are two, for Mann's delectation.
+
+A more logical sequence to Fontenoy than the lyric of Leicester House
+is the descent of Charles Edward upon Scotland. In August Walpole
+reports to Mann that there is a proclamation out 'for apprehending
+the Pretender's son,' who had landed in July; in September he is
+marching on Edinburgh. Ten days later the writer is speculating half
+ruefully upon the possibilities of being turned out of his comfortable
+sinecures in favour of some forlorn Irish peer. 'I shall wonderfully
+dislike being a loyal sufferer in a threadbare coat, and shivering
+in an ante-chamber at Hanover, or reduced to teach Latin and English
+to the young princes at Copenhagen. The Dowager Strafford has already
+written cards for my Lady Nithsdale, my Lady Tullibardine, the Duchess
+of Perth and Berwick, and twenty more revived peeresses, to invite them
+to play at whisk, Monday three months; for your part, you will divert
+yourself with their old taffeties, and tarnished slippers, and their
+awkwardness, the first day they go to Court in shifts and clean linen.
+Will you ever write to me in my garret at Herrenhausen?'[58] Then upon
+this come the contradictions of rumour, the 'general supineness,'
+the raising of regiments, and the disaster of Preston Pans, with
+its inevitable condemnation of Cope. 'I pity poor him, who, with no
+shining abilities, and no experience, and no force, was sent to fight
+for a crown! He never saw a battle but that of Dettingen, where he
+got his red ribbon; Churchill, whose led-captain he was, and my Lord
+Harrington, had pushed him up to this misfortune.[59] We have lost all
+our artillery, five hundred men taken--and _three_ killed, and several
+officers, as you will see in the papers. This defeat has frightened
+everybody but those it rejoices, and those it should frighten most; but
+my Lord Granville still buoys up the King's spirits, and persuades him
+it is nothing.'[60]
+
+[58] _Walpole to Montagu_, 17 Sept., 1745.
+
+[59] Walpole later revised this verdict: 'General Cope was tried
+afterwards for his behaviour in this action, and it appeared very
+clearly that the Ministry, his inferior officers, and his troops, were
+greatly to blame; and that he did all he could, so ill-directed, so
+ill-supplied, and so ill-obeyed.'
+
+[60] _Walpole to Mann_, 27 Sept., 1745.
+
+Nothing, indeed, it proved in the issue. But Walpole was wiser in his
+immediate apprehensions than King George's advisers, who were not wise.
+In his subsequent letters we get scattered glimpses of the miserable
+story that ended in Culloden. Towards the end of October he is auguring
+hopefully from the protracted neglect of the rebels to act upon their
+success. In November they are in England. But the backwardness of
+the Jacobites to join them is already evident, and he writes 'in the
+greatest confidence of our getting over this ugly business.' Early in
+December they have reached Derby, only to be soon gone again, miserably
+harassed, and leaving their sick and cannon behind. With the new year
+come tidings to Mann that the rebellion is dying down in England,
+and that General Hawley has marched northward to put it quite out.
+Once more, on the 23rd February, it flares fitfully at Falkirk, and
+then fades as suddenly. The battle that Walpole hourly expects, not
+without some trepidation, for Conway is one of the Duke of Cumberland's
+aides-de-camp, is still deferred, and it is April before the two armies
+face each other on Culloden Moor. Then he writes jubilantly to his
+Florentine correspondent: 'On the 16th, the Duke, by forced marches,
+came up with the rebels a little on this side Inverness,--by the way,
+the battle is not christened yet; I only know that neither Preston Pans
+nor Falkirk are to be god-fathers. The rebels, who had fled from him
+after their victory [of Falkirk], and durst not attack him, when so
+much exposed to them at his passage of the Spey, now stood him, they
+seven thousand, he ten. They broke through Barril's regiment and killed
+Lord Robert Kerr, a handsome young gentleman, who was cut to pieces
+with about thirty wounds; but they were soon repulsed, and fled; the
+whole engagement not lasting above a quarter of an hour. The young
+Pretender escaped, Mr. Conway says, he hears, wounded: he certainly
+was in the rear. They have lost above a thousand men in the engagement
+and pursuit; and six hundred were already taken; among which latter
+are their French Ambassador and Earl Kilmarnock. The Duke of Perth
+and Lord Ogilvie are said to be slain.... Except Lord Robert Kerr, we
+lost nobody of note: Sir Robert Rich's eldest son has lost his hand,
+and about a hundred and thirty private men fell. The defeat is reckoned
+total, and the dispersion general; and all their artillery is taken. It
+is a brave young Duke! The town is all blazing round me [_i. e._, at
+Arlington Street] as I write, with fireworks and illuminations: I have
+some inclination to wrap up half-a-dozen sky-rockets, to make you drink
+the Duke's health. Mr. Dodington [in Pall Mall], on the first report,
+came out with a very pretty illumination,--so pretty that I believe he
+had it by him, ready for _any_ occasion.'[61]
+
+[61] _Walpole to Mann_, 25 April, 1746.
+
+Walpole's account of these occurrences is, of course, hearsay,
+although, as regards Culloden, he probably derived the details from
+Conway, who was present. But in some of the events which ensued, he is
+either actually a spectator himself, or fresh from direct communication
+with those who have been spectators. One of the most graphic passages
+in his entire correspondence is his description of the trial of the
+rebel lords, at which he assisted; and another is his narrative of the
+executions of Kilmarnock and Balmerino, written down from the relation
+of eye-witnesses. It is hardly possible to get much nearer to history.
+
+'I am this moment come from the conclusion of the greatest and most
+melancholy scene I ever yet saw! You will easily guess it was the
+Trials of the rebel Lords. As it was the most interesting sight, it
+was the most solemn and fine: a coronation is a puppet-show, and all
+the splendour of it idle; but this sight at once feasted one's eyes
+and engaged all one's passions. It began last Monday; three parts of
+Westminster-hall were inclosed with galleries, and hung with scarlet;
+and the whole ceremony was conducted with the most awful solemnity
+and decency, except in the one point of leaving the prisoners at
+the bar, amidst the idle curiosity of some crowd, and even with the
+witnesses who had sworn against them, while the Lords adjourned to
+their own House to consult. No part of the royal family was there,
+which was a proper regard to the unhappy men, who were become their
+victims.... I had armed myself with all the resolution I could, with
+the thought of their crimes and of the danger past, and was assisted
+by the sight of the Marquis of Lothian in weepers for his son [Lord
+Robert Kerr], who fell at Culloden; but the first appearance of the
+prisoners shocked me! their behaviour melted me.' After going on to
+speak of Lord Kilmarnock and Lord Cromartie (afterwards reprieved),
+he continues: 'For Lord Balmerino, he is the most natural brave old
+fellow I ever saw: the highest intrepidity, even to indifference.
+At the bar he behaved like a soldier and a man; in the intervals of
+form, with carelessness and humour. He pressed extremely to have his
+wife, his pretty Peggy [Margaret Chalmers], with him in the Tower,
+Lady Cromartie only sees her husband through the grate, not choosing
+to be shut up with him, as she thinks she can serve him better by her
+intercession without: she is big with child and very handsome: so
+are their daughters. When they were to be brought from the Tower in
+separate coaches, there was some dispute in which the axe must go: old
+Balmerino cried, 'Come, come, put it with me.' At the bar he plays with
+his fingers upon the axe, while he talks to the gentleman-gaoler; and
+one day somebody coming up to listen, he took the blade and held it
+like a fan between their faces. During the trial, a little boy was near
+him, but not tall enough to see; he made room for the child, and placed
+him near himself.'[62]
+
+[62] _Walpole to Mann_, 1 Aug., 1746.
+
+Balmerino's gallant demeanour evidently fascinated Walpole. In his
+next letter he relates how on his way back to the Tower the sturdy
+old dragoon had stopped the coach at Charing Cross to buy some
+'honey-blobs' (gooseberries); and when afterwards he comes to write his
+account of the execution, although he tells the story of Kilmarnock's
+death with feeling, the best passage is given to his companion in
+misfortune. He describes how, on the fatal 15th August, before he left
+the Tower, Balmerino drank a bumper to King James; how he wore his
+rebellious regimentals (blue and red) over a flannel waistcoat and
+his shroud; how, embracing Lord Kilmarnock, he said, 'My Lord, I wish
+I could suffer for both.' Then followed the beheading of Kilmarnock;
+and the narrator goes on: 'The scaffold was immediately new-strewed
+with sawdust, the block new covered, the executioner new-dressed, and
+a new axe brought. Then came old Balmerino, treading with the air of a
+general. As soon as he mounted the scaffold, he read the inscription
+on his coffin, as he did again afterwards: he then surveyed the
+spectators, who were in amazing numbers, even upon masts upon ships in
+the river; and pulling out his spectacles, read a treasonable speech,
+which he delivered to the Sheriff, and said, the young Pretender was
+so sweet a Prince that flesh and blood could not resist following him;
+and lying down to try the block, he said, 'If I had a thousand lives,
+I would lay them all down here in the same cause.' He said if he had
+not taken the sacrament the day before, he would have knocked down
+Williamson, the Lieutenant of the Tower, for his ill-usage of him. He
+took the axe and felt it, and asked the headsman how many blows he had
+given Lord Kilmarnock; and gave him three guineas. Two clergymen, who
+attended him, coming up, he said, 'No, gentlemen, I believe you have
+already done me all the service you can.' Then he went to the corner
+of the scaffold, and called very loud for the warder, to give him his
+perriwig, which he took off, and put on a night-cap of Scotch plaid,
+and then pulled off his coat and waistcoat and lay down; but being told
+he was on the wrong side, vaulted round, and immediately gave the sign
+by tossing up his arm, as if he were giving the signal for battle. He
+received three blows; but the first certainly took away all sensation.
+He was not a quarter of an hour on the scaffold; Lord Kilmarnock above
+half a one. Balmerino certainly died with the intrepidity of a hero,
+but the insensibility of one too. As he walked from his prison to
+execution, seeing every window and top of house filled with spectators,
+he cried out, "Look, look, how they are all piled up like rotten
+oranges."'[63]
+
+[63] _Walpole to Mann_, 21 August, 1746. Gray, who was at the trial,
+also mentions Balmerino, not so enthusiastically. 'He is an old
+soldier-like man, of a vulgar manner and aspect, speaks the broadest
+Scotch, and shews an intrepidity, that some ascribe to real courage,
+and some to brandy' (_Letter to Wharton_, August). 'Old Balmerino,
+when he had read his paper to the people, pulled off his spectacles,
+spit upon his handkerchief, and wiped them clean for the use of his
+posterity; and that is the last page of his history' (_Letter to
+Wharton_, 11 Sept., 1746).
+
+In the old print of the execution, the scaffold on Tower Hill is shown
+surrounded by a wide square of dragoons, beyond which the crowd--'the
+immense display of human countenances which surrounded it like a sea,'
+as Scott has it--are visible on every side. No. 14 Tower Hill is said
+to have been the house from which the two lords were led to the block,
+and a trail of blood along the hall and up the first flight of stairs
+was long shown as indicating the route by which the mutilated bodies
+were borne to await interment in St. Peter's Chapel. A few months
+later Walpole records the execution in the same place of Simon Fraser,
+Lord Lovat, the cunning old Jacobite, whose characteristic attitude
+and 'pawky' expression live for ever in the admirable sketch which
+Hogarth made of him at St. Albans. He died (says Walpole) 'extremely
+well, without passion, affectation, buffoonery, or timidity.' But he is
+not so distinguished as either Kilmarnock or Balmerino, and, however
+Roman his taking-off, the chief memorable thing about it is, that it
+was happily the last of these sanguinary scenes in this country. The
+only other incident which it is here needful to chronicle in connection
+with the 'Forty Five' is Walpole's verses on the Suppression of the
+late Rebellion. On the 4th and 5th November, the anniversaries of
+King William's birth and landing, it was the custom to play Rowe's
+_Tamerlane_, and this year (1746) the epilogue spoken by Mrs. Pritchard
+'in the Character of the Comic Muse' was from Walpole's pen. According
+to the writer, special terrors had threatened the stage from the advent
+of 'Rome's young missionary spark,' the Chevalier, and the Tragic
+Muse, raising, 'to eyes well-tutor'd in the trade of grief,' 'a small
+and well-lac'd handkerchief,' is represented by her lighter sister as
+bewailing the prospect to her 'buskined progeny' after this fashion:--
+
+    'Ah! sons, our dawn is over-cast; and all
+    Theatric glories nodding to their fall.
+    From foreign realms a bloody chief is come,
+    Big with the work of slav'ry and of Rome.
+    A general ruin on his sword he wears,
+    Fatal alike to audience and to play'rs.
+    For ah! my sons, what freedom for the stage
+    When bigotry with sense shall battle wage?
+    When monkish laureats only wear the bays,
+    Inquisitors lord chamberlains of plays?
+    Plays shall be damn'd that 'scap'd the critic's rage,
+    For priests are still worse tyrants to the stage.
+    Cato, receiv'd by audiences so gracious,
+    Shall find ten Cæsars in one St. Ignatius,
+    And god-like Brutus here shall meet again
+    His evil genius in a capuchin.
+    For heresy the fav'rites of the pit
+    Must burn, and excommunicated wit;
+    And at one stake, we shall behold expire
+    My Anna Bullen, and the Spanish Fryar.'[64]
+
+[64] Walpole's _Works_, 1798, i. 25-7.
+
+After this the epilogue digresses into a comparison of the Duke of
+Cumberland with King William. Virgil, Juvenal, Addison, Dryden, and
+Pope, upon one of whose lines on Cibber Walpole bases his reference
+to the Lord Chamberlain, are all laid under contribution in this
+performance. It 'succeeded to flatter me,' he tells Mann a few days
+later,--a Gallicism from which we must infer an enthusiastic reception.
+
+Walpole's personal and domestic history does not present much interest
+at this period. His sister Mary (Catherine Shorter's daughter), who
+had married the third Earl of Cholmondeley, had died long before her
+mother. In February, 1746, his half-sister, Lady Mary, his playmate at
+comet in the Houghton days, married Mr. Churchill,--'a foolish match,'
+in Horace's opinion, to which he will have nothing to say. With his
+second brother, Sir Edward Walpole, he seems to have had but little
+intercourse, and that scarcely of a fraternal character. In 1857,
+Cunningham published for the first time a very angry letter from Edward
+to his junior, in which the latter was bitterly reproached for his
+interference in disposing of the family borough of Castle Rising, and
+(incidentally) for his assumption of superiority, mental and otherwise.
+To this communication Walpole prepared a most caustic and categorical
+answer, which, however, he never sent. For his nieces, Edward Walpole's
+natural daughters, of whom it will be more convenient to speak later,
+Horace seems always to have felt a sincere regard. But although his
+brother had tastes which must have been akin to his own, for Edward
+Walpole was in his way an art patron (Roubillac the sculptor, for
+instance, was much indebted to him) and a respectable musician, no
+real cordiality ever existed between them. 'There is nothing in the
+world'--he tells Montagu in May, 1745--'the Baron of Englefield has
+such an aversion for as for his brother.'[65]
+
+[65] Englefield, _i. e._ Englefield Green, in Berkshire, on the summit
+of Cooper's Hill, near Windsor, where Edward Walpole lived.
+
+For his eldest brother's wife, the Lady Walpole who had formed one
+of the learned trio at Florence, he entertained no kind of respect,
+and his letters are full of flouts at her Ladyship's manners and
+morality. Indeed, between _préciosité_ and 'Platonic love,' her life
+does not appear to have been a particularly worshipful one, and her
+long sojourn under Italian skies had not improved her. At present
+she was Lady Orford, her husband, who is seldom mentioned, and from
+whom she had been living apart, having succeeded to the title at his
+father's death. From Walpole's letters to Mann, it seems that in April,
+1745, she was, much to the dismay of her relatives, already preening
+her wings for England. In September, she has arrived, and Walpole is
+maliciously delighted at the cold welcome she obtains from the Court
+and from society in general, with the exception of her old colleague,
+Lady Pomfret, and that in one sense congenial spirit, Lady Townshend.
+Later on, a definite separation from her husband appears to have
+been agreed upon, which Walpole fondly hopes may have the effect of
+bringing about her departure for Italy. 'The Ladies O[rford] and
+T[ownshend]'--he says--'have exhausted scandal both in their persons
+and conversations.' However much this may be exaggerated (and Walpole
+never spares his antipathies), the last we hear of Lady Orford is
+certainly on his side, for she has retired from town to a villa near
+Richmond with a lover for whom she has postponed that southward flight
+which her family so ardently desired. This fortunate Endymion, the Hon.
+Sewallis Shirley, son of Robert, first Earl Ferrers, had already been
+one of the most favoured lovers of the notorious 'lady of quality'
+whose memoirs were afterwards foisted into _Peregrine Pickle_. To Lady
+Vane now succeeded Lady Orford, as eminent for wealth--says sarcastic
+Lady Mary Wortley Montagu--as her predecessor had been for beauty,
+and equal in her 'heroic contempt for shame.' This new connection was
+destined to endure. It was in September, 1746, that Walpole chronicled
+his sister-in-law's latest frailty, and in May, 1751, only a few
+weeks after her husband's death,[66] she married Shirley at the Rev.
+Alexander Keith's convenient little chapel in May Fair.'
+
+[66] Robert Walpole, second Earl of Orford, Horace Walpole's eldest
+brother, died in March, 1751.
+
+In 1744, died Alexander Pope, to be followed a year later by the great
+Dean of St. Patrick's. Neither of these events leaves any lasting
+mark in Walpole's correspondence,--indeed of Swift's death there is
+no mention at all. A nearer bereavement was the premature loss of
+West, which had taken place two years before, closing sorrowfully with
+faint accomplishment a life of promise. _Vale, et vive paulisper cum
+vivis_,--he had written a few days earlier to Gray,--his friend to the
+last. With Gray, Walpole's friendship, as will be seen presently, had
+been resumed. His own literary essays still lie chiefly in the domain
+of squib and _jeu d'esprit_. In April, 1746, over the appropriate
+signature of 'Descartes,' he printed in No. II. of _The Museum_ a
+'Scheme for Raising a Large Sum of Money for the Use of the Government,
+by laying a tax on Message-Cards and Notes,' and in No. V. a pretended
+Advertisement and Table of Contents for a _History of Good Breeding,
+from the Creation of the World_, by the Author of the Whole Duty of
+Man. The wit of this is a little laboured, and scarcely goes beyond the
+announcement that 'The Eight last Volumes, which relate to _Germany_,
+may be had separate;' nor does that of the other exceed a mild
+reflection of Fielding's manner in some of his minor pieces. Among
+other things, we gather that it was the custom of the fine ladies of
+the day to send open messages on blank playing-cards; and it is stated
+as a fact or a fancy that 'after the fatal day of Fontenoy,' persons
+of quality 'all wrote their notes on Indian paper, which, being red,
+when inscribed with Japan ink made a melancholy military kind of elegy
+on the brave youths who occasioned the fashion, and were often the
+honourable subject of the epistle.' The only remaining effort of any
+importance at this time is the little poem of _The Beauties_, somewhat
+recalling Gay's Prologue to the _Shepherd's Week_, and written in July,
+1746, to Eckardt the painter. Here is a specimen:--
+
+    In smiling CAPEL'S bounteous look
+    Rich autumn's goddess is mistook.
+    With poppies and with spiky corn,
+    Eckardt, her nut-brown curls adorn;
+    And by her side, in decent line,
+    Place charming BERKELEY, Proserpine.
+    Mild as a summer sea, serene,
+    In dimpled beauty next be seen
+    AYLESB'RY, like hoary Neptune's queen.
+      With her the light-dispensing fair,
+    Whose beauty gilds the morning air,
+    And bright as her attendant sun,
+    The new Aurora, LYTTELTON.
+    Such Guido's pencil, beauty-tip'd,
+    And in ethereal colours dip'd,
+    In measur'd dance to tuneful song
+    Drew the sweet goddess, as along
+    Heaven's azure 'neath their light feet spread,
+    The buxom hours the fairest led.'[67]
+
+[67] Walpole's _Works_ 1798, i. 21-2.
+
+'Charming Berkeley,' here mentioned, afterwards became the third wife
+of Goldsmith's friend, Earl Nugent, and the mother of the little girl
+who played tricks upon the author of _She Stoops to Conquer_ at her
+father's country seat of Gosfield; 'Aylesb'ry, like hoary Neptune's
+queen,' married Walpole's friend, Conway, and 'the new Aurora,
+Lyttelton,' was that engaging Lucy Fortescue upon whose death in 1747
+her husband wrote the monody so pitilessly parodied by Smollett.[68]
+Lady Almeria Carpenter, Lady Emily Lenox, Miss Chudleigh (afterwards
+the notorious Duchess of Kingston), and many other well-known names,
+_quos nunc perscribere longum est_, are also celebrated.
+
+[68] Writing to Walpole in March, 1751, Gray says: 'In the last volume
+[of _Peregrine Pickle_] is a character of Mr. Lyttleton [_sic_], under
+the name of "Gosling Scrag," and a parody of part of his Monody, under
+the notion of a Pastoral on the death of his grandmother' (_Works_ by
+Gosse, 1884, ii. 214).
+
+In August, 1746, Walpole announces to Mann that he has taken a pretty
+house within the precincts of the castle at Windsor, to which he is
+going for the remainder of the summer. In September he has entered
+upon residence, for Gray tells Wharton that he sees him 'usually once
+a week.' 'All is mighty free, and even friendly more than one could
+expect,'--and one of the first things posted off to Conway, is Gray's
+_Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College_, which the sender desires
+he 'will please to like excessively.' He is drawn from his retreat by
+the arrival of a young Florentine friend, the Marquis Rinuncini, to
+whom he has to do the London honours. 'I stayed literally an entire
+week with him, carried him to see palaces and Richmond gardens and
+park, and Chenevix's shop, and talked a great deal to him _alle
+conversazioni_.'[69] 'Chenevix's shop' suggests the main subject of the
+next chapter,--the purchase and occupation of Strawberry Hill.
+
+[69] _Walpole to Mann_ 15 Sept., 1746.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+ The New House at Twickenham.--Its First Tenants.--Christened
+ 'Strawberry Hill.'--Planting and Embellishing.--Fresh
+ Additions.--Walpole's Description of it in 1753.--Visitors and
+ Admirers.--Lord Bath's Verses.--Some Rival Mansions.--Minor
+ Literature.--Robbed by James Maclean.--Sequel from _The World_.--The
+ Maclean Mania.--High Life at Vauxhall.--Contributions to _The
+ World_.--Theodore of Corsica.--Reconciliation with Gray.--Stimulates
+ his Works.--The _Poëmata-Grayo-Bentleiana_.--Richard Bentley.--Müntz
+ the Artist.--Dwellers at Twickenham.--Lady Suffolk and Mrs. Clive.
+
+
+On the 5th of June, 1747, Walpole announces to Mann that he has taken
+a little new farm, just out of Twickenham. 'The house is so small
+that I can send it to you in a letter to look at: the prospect is as
+delightful as possible, commanding the river, the town [Twickenham],
+and Richmond Park; and, being situated on a hill, descends to the
+Thames through two or three little meadows, where I have some Turkish
+sheep and two cows, all studied in their colours for becoming the
+view. This little rural _bijou_ was Mrs. Chenevix's, the toy woman _à
+la mode_,[70] who in every dry season is to furnish me with the best
+rain water from Paris, and now and then with some Dresden-china cows,
+who are to figure like wooden classics in a library; so I shall grow as
+much a shepherd as any swain in the Astræa.' Three days later, further
+details are added in a letter to Conway, then in Flanders with the Duke
+of Cumberland: 'You perceive by my date [Twickenham, 8 June] that I am
+got into a new camp, and have left my tub at Windsor. It is a little
+play-thing-house, that I got out of Mrs. Chenevix's shop, and is the
+prettiest bauble you ever saw. It is set in enamelled meadows, with
+filagree hedges:
+
+    '"A small Euphrates through the piece is roll'd,
+    And little finches wave their wings in gold."'[71]
+
+[70] She was the sister of Pope's Mrs. Bertrand, an equally fashionable
+toy-woman at Bath. Her shop, according to an advertisement in the
+_Daily Journal_ for May 24, 1733, was then 'against Suffolk Street,
+Charing Cross.' It is mentioned in Fielding's _Amelia_. When, in Bk.
+viii., ch. i., Mr. Bondum the bailiff contrives to capture Captain
+Booth, it is by a false report that his Lady has been 'taken violently
+ill, and carried into Mrs. _Chenevix's_ Toy-shop.' It is also mentioned
+in the Hon. Mrs. Osborne's _Letters_, 1891, p. 73; and again by Walpole
+himself in the _World_ for 19 Dec., 1754.
+
+[71] This is slightly varied from ll. 29, 30, of Pope's fifth _Moral
+Essay_ ('To Mr. Addison: Occasioned by his Dialogues on Medals').
+
+'Two delightful roads, that you would call dusty, supply me continually
+with coaches and chaises; barges as solemn as Barons of the Exchequer
+move under my window; Richmond Hill and Ham Walks bound my prospect;
+... Dowagers as plenty as flounders inhabit all around, and Pope's
+ghost is just now skimming under my window by a most poetical
+moonlight. I have about land enough to keep such a farm as Noah's, when
+he set up in the ark with a pair of each kind; but my cottage is rather
+cleaner than I believe his was after they had been cooped up together
+forty days. The Chenevixes had tricked it out for themselves: up two
+pair of stairs is what they call Mr. Chenevix's library, furnished
+with three maps, one shelf, a bust of Sir Isaac Newton, and a lame
+telescope without any glasses. Lord John Sackville _predecessed_ me
+here, and instituted certain games called _cricketalia_, which have
+been celebrated this very evening in honour of him in a neighbouring
+meadow.'[72]
+
+[72] _Walpole to Conway_, 8 June, 1747.
+
+The house thus whimsically described, which grew into the Gothic
+structure afterwards so closely associated with its owner's name, was
+not, even at this date, without its history. It stood on the left bank
+of the Thames, at the corner of the Upper Road to Teddington, not
+very far from Twickenham itself. It had been built about 1698 as a
+'country box' by a retired coachman of the Earl of Bradford, and, from
+the fact that he was supposed to have acquired his means by starving
+his master's horses, was known popularly as Chopped-Straw Hall. Its
+earliest possessor not long afterwards let it out as a lodging-house,
+and finally, after several improvements, sub-let it altogether. One
+of its first tenants was Colley Cibber, who found it convenient when
+he was in attendance for acting at Hampton Court; and he is said to
+have written in it the comedy called _The Refusal; or, the Ladies'
+Philosophy_, produced at Drury Lane in 1721. Then, for eight years, it
+was rented by the Bishop of Durham, Dr. Talbot, who was reported to
+have kept in it a better table than the extent of its kitchen seemed,
+in Walpole's judgement, to justify. After the Bishop came a Marquis,
+Henry Bridges, son of the Duke of Chandos; after the Marquis, Mrs.
+Chenevix, the toy-woman, who, upon her husband's death, let it for
+two years to the nobleman who _predecessed_ Walpole, Lord John Philip
+Sackville. Before this, Mrs. Chenevix had taken lodgers, one of whom
+was the celebrated theologian, Père Le Courrayer. At the expiration
+of Lord John Sackville's tenancy, Walpole took the remainder of Mrs.
+Chenevix's lease; and in 1748 had grown to like the situation so much
+that he obtained a special act to purchase the fee simple from the
+existing possessors, three minors of the name of Mortimer. The price
+he paid was £1356 10_s._ Nothing was then wanting but the name, and in
+looking over some old deeds this was supplied. He found that the ground
+on which it stood had been known originally as 'Strawberry-Hill-Shot.'
+'You shall hear from me,' he tells Mann in June, 1748, 'from STRAWBERRY
+HILL, which I have found out in my lease is the old name of my house;
+so pray, never call it Twickenham again.'
+
+The transformation of the toy-woman's 'villakin' into a Gothic
+residence was not, however, the operation of a day. Indeed, at first,
+the idea of rebuilding does not seem to have entered its new owner's
+mind. But he speedily set about extending his boundaries, for before 26
+December, 1748, he has added nine acres to his original five, making
+fourteen in all,--a 'territory prodigious in a situation where land
+is so scarce.' Among the tenants of some of the buildings which he
+acquired in making these additions was Richard Francklin, the printer
+of the _Craftsman_, who, during Sir Robert Walpole's administration,
+had been taken up for printing that paper. He occupied a small house in
+what was afterwards known as the Flower Garden, and Walpole permitted
+him to retain it during his lifetime. Walpole's letters towards the
+close of 1748 contain numerous references to his assiduity in planting.
+'My present and sole occupation' he says in August, 'is planting, in
+which I have made great progress, and talk very learnedly with the
+nurserymen, except that now and then a lettuce run to seed overturns
+all my botany, as I have more than once taken it for a curious West
+Indian flowering shrub. Then the deliberation with which trees grow
+is extremely inconvenient to my natural impatience.' Two months later
+he is 'all plantation, and sprouts away like any chaste nymph in
+the _Metamorphosis_.' In December, we begin to hear of that famous
+lawn so well known in the later history of the house. He is 'making
+a terrace the whole breadth of his garden on the brow of a natural
+hill, with meadows at the foot, and commanding the river, the village
+[Twickenham], Richmond-hill, and the park, and part of Kingston' A year
+after this (September, 1749), while he is still 'digging and planting
+till it is dark,' come the first dreams of building. At Cheney's, in
+Buckinghamshire, he has seen some old stained glass, in the windows of
+an ancient house which had been degraded into a farm, and he thinks
+he will beg it of the Duke of Bedford (to whom the farm belongs), as
+it would be 'magnificent for Strawberry-castle.' Evidently he has
+discussed this (as yet) _château en Espagne_ with Montagu. 'Did I tell
+you [he says] that I have found a text in Deuteronomy to authorise my
+future battlements? "When thou buildest a new house, then shalt thou
+make a battlement for thy roof, that thou bring not blood upon thy
+house, if any man fall from thence."' In January, the new building is
+an established fact, as far as purpose is concerned. In a postscript to
+Mann he writes: 'I must trouble you with a commission, which I don't
+know whether you can execute. _I am going to build a little gothic
+castle at Strawberry Hill._ If you can pick me up any fragments of old
+painted glass, arms, or anything, I shall be excessively obliged to
+you. I can't say I remember any such things in Italy; but out of old
+chateaus, I imagine, one might get it cheap, if there is any.'
+
+From a subsequent letter it would seem that Mann, as a resident in
+Italy, had rather expostulated against the style of architecture which
+his friend was about to adopt, and had suggested the Grecian. But
+Walpole, rightly or wrongly, knew what he intended. 'The Grecian,' he
+said, was 'only proper for magnificent and public buildings. Columns
+and all their beautiful ornaments look ridiculous when crowded into
+a closet or a cheesecake-house. The variety is little, and admits no
+charming irregularities. I am almost as fond of the _Sharawaggi_, or
+Chinese want of symmetry, in buildings, as in grounds or gardens.
+I am sure, whenever you come to England, you will be pleased with
+the liberty of taste into which we are struck, and of which you can
+have no idea.' The passage shows that he himself anticipated some
+of the ridicule which was levelled by unsympathetic people at the
+'oyster-grotto-like profanation' which he gradually erected by the
+Thames. In the mean time it went on progressing slowly, as its progress
+was entirely dependent on his savings out of income; and the references
+to it in his letters, perhaps because Mann was doubtful, are not
+abundant. 'The library and refectory, or great parlour,' he says in
+his description, 'were entirely new built in 1753; the gallery, round
+tower, great cloyster, and cabinet, in 1760 and 1761; and the great
+north bedchamber in 1770.' To speak of these later alterations would
+be to anticipate too much, and the further description of Strawberry
+Hill will be best deferred until his own account of the house and
+contents was printed in 1774, four years after the last addition above
+recorded. But even before he made the earliest of them, he must have
+done much to alter and improve the aspect of the place, for Gray, more
+admiring than Mann, praises what has been done. 'I am glad,' he tells
+Wharton, 'that you enter into the spirit of Strawberry-castle. It has
+a purity and propriety of Gothicism in it (with very few exceptions)
+that I have not seen elsewhere;' and in an earlier letter he implies
+that its 'extreme littleness' is its chief defect. But here, before
+for the moment leaving the subject, it is only fair to give the
+proprietor's own description of Strawberry Hill at this date, _i. e._,
+in June, 1753. After telling Mann that it is 'so monastic' that he
+has 'a little hall decked with long saints in lean arched windows and
+with taper columns, which we call the Paraclete, in memory of Eloisa's
+cloister,'[73] he sends him a sketch of it, and goes on: 'The enclosed
+enchanted little landscape, then, is Strawberry Hill.... This view of
+the castle is what I have just finished [it was a view of the south
+side, towards the north-east], and is the only side that will be at all
+regular. Directly before it is an open grove, through which you see a
+field, which is bounded by a serpentine wood of all kind of trees, and
+flowering shrubs, and flowers. The lawn before the house is situated
+on the top of a small hill, from whence to the left you see the town
+and church of Twickenham encircling a turn of the river, that looks
+exactly like a sea-port in miniature. The opposite shore is a most
+delicious meadow, bounded by Richmond Hill, which loses itself in the
+noble woods of the park to the end of the prospect on the right, where
+is another turn of the river, and the suburbs of Kingston as luckily
+placed as Twickenham is on the left: and a natural terrace on the brow
+of my hill, with meadows of my own down to the river, commands both
+extremities. Is not this a tolerable prospect? You must figure that
+all this is perpetually enlivened by a navigation of boats and barges,
+and by a road below my terrace, with coaches, post-chaises, waggons,
+and horsemen constantly in motion, and the fields speckled with cows,
+horses, and sheep. Now you shall walk into the house. The bow window
+below leads into a little parlour hung with a stone-colour Gothic paper
+and Jackson's Venetian prints,[74] which I could never endure while
+they pretended, infamous as they are, to be after Titian, etc., but
+when I gave them this air of barbarous bas-reliefs, they succeeded to
+a miracle: it is impossible at first sight not to conclude that they
+contain the history of Attila or Tottila done about the very æra. From
+hence, under two gloomy arches, you come to the hall and staircase,
+which it is impossible to describe to you, as it is the most particular
+and chief beauty of the castle. Imagine the walls covered with (I call
+it paper, but it is really paper painted in perspective to represent)
+Gothic fretwork: the lightest Gothic balustrade to the staircase,
+adorned with antelopes (our supporters) bearing shields; lean windows
+fattened with rich saints in painted glass, and a vestibule open with
+three arches on the landing place, and niches full of trophies of old
+coats of mail, Indian shields made of rhinoceros's hides, broadswords,
+quivers, long-bows, arrows, and spears,--all _supposed_ to be taken
+by Sir Terry Robsart [an ancestor of Sir Robert Walpole] in the holy
+wars. But as none of this regards the enclosed drawing, I will pass
+to that. The room on the ground floor nearest to you is a bedchamber,
+hung with yellow paper and prints, framed in a new manner, invented
+by Lord Cardigan; that is, with black and white borders printed. Over
+this is Mr. Chute's bed-chamber, hung with red in the same manner. The
+bow-window room one pair of stairs is not yet finished; but in the
+tower beyond it is the charming closet where I am now writing to you.
+It is hung with green paper and water-colour pictures; has two windows:
+the one in the drawing looks to the garden, the other to the beautiful
+prospect; and the top of each glutted with the richest painted glass
+of the arms of England, crimson roses, and twenty other pieces of
+green, purple, and historic bits. I must tell you, by the way, that the
+castle, when finished, will have two-and-thirty windows enriched with
+painted glass. In this closet, which is Mr. Chute's College of Arms,
+are two presses of books of heraldry and antiquities, Madame Sévigné's
+Letters, and any French books that relate to her and her acquaintance.
+Out of this closet is the room where we always live, hung with a blue
+and white paper in stripes adorned with festoons, and a thousand plump
+chairs, couches, and luxurious settees covered with linen of the same
+pattern, and with a bow window commanding the prospect, and gloomed
+with limes that shade half each window, already darkened with painted
+glass in chiaroscuro, set in deep blue glass. Under this room is a cool
+little hall, where we generally dine, hung with paper to imitate Dutch
+tiles.
+
+[73] In the Tribune (see chap. viii.) was a drawing by Mr. Bentley,
+representing two lovers in a church looking at the tombs of Abelard and
+Eloisa, and illustrating Pope's lines:--
+
+    'If ever chance two wand'ring lovers brings
+    To Paraclete's white walls and silver springs,' etc.
+
+
+[74] The chiaroscuros of John Baptist Jackson, published at Venice in
+1742. At this date he had returned to England, and was working in a
+paper-hanging manufactory at Battersea.
+
+'I have described so much that you will begin to think that all the
+accounts I used to give you of the diminutiveness of our habitation
+were fabulous; but it is really incredible how small most of the rooms
+are. The only two good chambers I shall have are not yet built: they
+will be an eating-room and a library, each twenty by thirty, and the
+latter fifteen feet high. For the rest of the house, I could send it to
+you in this letter as easily as the drawing, only that I should have
+nowhere to live until the return of the post. The Chinese summer-house,
+which you may distinguish in the distant landscape, belongs to my Lord
+Radnor.[75] We pique ourselves upon nothing but simplicity, and have
+no carvings, gildings, paintings, inlayings, or tawdry businesses.'[76]
+
+[75] Lord Radnor's fantastic house on the river, which Walpole
+nicknamed Mabland, came between Strawberry Hill and Pope's Villa, and
+is a conspicuous object in old views of Twickenham, notably in that,
+dated 1757, by Müntz, a Jersey artist for some time domiciled at
+Strawberry Hill (_see_ p. 138). It was in the garden of Radnor House
+that Pope first met Warburton.
+
+[76] _Walpole to Mann_, 12 June, 1753.
+
+From this it will appear that in June, 1753, the library and refectory
+were not yet built, so that when he says, in the printed description,
+that they were new built in 1753, he must mean no more than that they
+had been begun. In a later letter, of May, 1754, they were still
+unfinished. Meanwhile the house is gradually attracting more and more
+attention. George Montagu comes, and is 'in raptures and screams,
+and hoops, and hollas, and dances, and crosses himself a thousand
+times over.' The next visitor is 'Nolkejumskoi,'--otherwise the Duke
+of Cumberland,--who inspects it much after the fashion of a gracious
+Gulliver surveying a castle in Lilliput. Afterwards, attracted by the
+reports of Lady Hervey and Mr. Bristow (brother of the Countess of
+Buckingham), arrives my Lord Bath, who is stirred into celebrating
+it to the tune of a song of Bubb Dodington on Mrs. Strawbridge. His
+Lordship does not seem to have got further than two stanzas; but
+Walpole, not to leave so complimentary a tribute in the depressed
+condition of a fragment, discreetly revised and completed it himself.
+The lines may fairly find a place here as an example of his lighter
+muse. The first and third verses are Lord Bath's, the rest being
+obviously written in order to bring in 'Nolkejumskoi' and some personal
+friends:--
+
+    'Some cry up Gunnersbury,
+      For Sion some declare;
+    And some say that with Chiswick-house
+      No villa can compare:
+    But ask the beaux of Middlesex,
+      Who know the county well,
+    If Strawb'ry-hill, if Strawb'ry-hill
+      Don't bear away the bell?
+
+    'Some love to roll down Greenwich-hill
+      For this thing and for that;
+    And some prefer sweet Marble-hill,
+      Tho' sure 'tis somewhat flat:
+    Yet Marble-hill and Greenwich-hill,
+      If Kitty Clive can tell,
+    From Strawb'ry-hill, from Strawb'ry-hill
+      Will never bear the bell.
+
+    'Tho' Surrey boasts its Oatlands,
+      And Clermont kept so jim,
+    And some prefer sweet Southcote's,
+      'Tis but a dainty whim;
+    For ask the gallant Bristow,
+      Who does in taste excell,
+    If Strawb'ry-hill, if Strawb'ry-hill
+      Don't bear away the bell
+
+    'Since Denham sung of Cooper's,
+      There's scarce a hill around,
+    But what in song or ditty
+      Is turn'd to fairy-ground,--
+    Ah, peace be with their memories!
+      I wish them wond'rous well;
+    But Strawb'ry-hill, but Strawb'ry-hill
+      Must bear away the bell.
+
+    'Great William dwells at Windsor,
+      As Edward did of old;
+    And many a Gaul and many a Scot
+      Have found him full as bold.
+    On lofty hills like Windsor
+      Such heroes ought to dwell;
+    Yet little folks like Strawb'ry-hill,
+      Like Strawb'ry-hill as well.'[77]
+
+[77] The version here followed is that given in _A Description of the
+Villa_, etc., 1774, pp. 117-19.
+
+Cumberland Lodge, where, say the old guide-books, the hero of Culloden
+'reposed after victory,' still stands on the hill at the end of the
+Long Walk at Windsor; and at 'Gunnersbury' lived the Princess Amelia.
+All the other houses referred to are in existence. 'Sweet Marble-hill,'
+which, like Strawberry, was not long ago put up for sale, had at this
+date for mistress the Countess Dowager of Suffolk (Mrs. Howard), for
+whom it had been built by her royal lover, George II.; and Chiswick
+House, (now the Marquis of Bute's), that famous structure of Kent which
+Lord Hervey said was 'too small to inhabit, and too large to hang
+to one's watch,' was the residence of Richard, Earl of Burlington.
+Claremont 'kept so jim' [neat], was the seat of the Duke of Newcastle
+at Esher; Oatlands, near Weybridge, belonged to the Duke of York, and
+Sion House, on the Thames, to the Duke of Northumberland. Walpole and
+his friends, it will be perceived, did not shrink from comparing small
+things with great. But perhaps the most notable circumstance about this
+glorification of Strawberry is that it should have originated with its
+reputed author. 'Can there be,' says Walpole, 'an odder revolution
+of things, than that the printer of the _Craftsman_ should live in a
+house of mine, and that the author of the _Craftsman_ should write
+a panegyric on a house of mine?' The printer was Richard Francklin,
+already mentioned as his tenant; and Lord Bath, if not the actual, was
+at least the putative, writer of most of the _Craftsman's_ attacks upon
+Sir Robert Walpole. It is possible, however, that, as with the poem,
+part only of this honour really belonged to him.
+
+Strawberry Hill and its improvements have, however, carried us far
+from the date at which this chapter begins, and we must return to
+1747. Happily the life of Walpole, though voluminously chronicled in
+his correspondence, is not so crowded with personal incident as to
+make a space of six years a serious matter to recover, especially
+when tested by the brief but still very detailed record in the _Short
+Notes_ of what he held to be its conspicuous occurrences. In 1747-49
+his zeal for his father's memory involved him in a good deal of party
+pamphleteering, and in 1749, he had what he styles 'a remarkable
+quarrel' with the Speaker, of which one may say that, in these days,
+it would scarcely deserve its qualifying epithet, although it produced
+more paper war. 'These things [he says himself] were only excusable
+by the lengths to which party had been carried against my father; or
+rather, were not excusable even then.' For this reason it is needless
+to dwell upon them here, as well as upon certain other papers in _The
+Remembrancer_ for 1749, and a tract called _Delenda est Oxonia_,
+prompted by a heinous scheme, which was meditated by the Ministry, of
+attacking the liberties of that University by vesting in the Crown the
+nomination of the Chancellor. This piece [he says], which I think
+one of my best, was seized at the printer's and suppressed.' Then in
+November, 1749, comes something like a really 'moving incident,'--he
+is robbed in Hyde Park. He was returning by moonlight to Arlington
+Street from Lord Holland's, when his coach was stopped by two of the
+most notorious of 'Diana's foresters,'--Plunket and James Maclean;
+and the adventure had all but a tragic termination. Maclean's pistol
+went off by accident, sending a bullet so nearly through Walpole's
+head that it grazed the skin under his eye, stunned him, and passed
+through the roof of the chariot. His correspondence contains no more
+than a passing reference to this narrow escape,--probably because it
+was amply reported (and expanded) in the public prints. But in a paper
+which he contributed to the _World_ a year or two later, under guise
+of relating what had happened to one of his acquaintance, he reverts
+to this experience. 'The whole affair [he says] was conducted with the
+greatest good-breeding on both sides. The robber, who had only taken
+a purse _this way_, because he had that morning been disappointed of
+marrying a great fortune, no sooner returned to his lodgings, than he
+sent the gentleman [_i. e._, Walpole himself] two letters of excuses,
+which, with less wit than the epistles of Voiture, had ten times more
+natural and easy politeness in the turn of their expression. In the
+postscript, he appointed a meeting at Tyburn at twelve at night, where
+the gentleman might _purchase again_ any trifles he had lost; and my
+friend has been blamed for not accepting the rendezvous, as it seemed
+liable to be construed by ill-natured people into a doubt of the
+_honour_ of a man who had given him all the satisfaction in his power
+for having _unluckily_ been near shooting him through the head.'[78]
+
+[78] _World_, 19 Dec., 1754 (_Works_, 1798, i. 177-8).
+
+The 'fashionable highwayman' (as Mr. Maclean was called) was taken soon
+afterwards, and hanged. 'I am honourably mentioned in a Grub-street
+ballad [says Walpole] for not having contributed to his sentence;' and
+he goes on to say that there are as many prints and pamphlets about
+him as about that other sensation of 1750, the earthquake. Maclean
+seems nevertheless to have been rather a pinchbeck Macheath; but for
+the moment, in default of larger lions, he was the rage. After his
+condemnation, several thousand people visited him in his cell at
+Newgate where he is stated to have fainted twice from the heat and
+pressure of the crowd. And his visitors were not all men. In a note to
+_The Modern Fine Lady_, Soame Jenyns says that some of the brightest
+eyes were in tears for him; and Walpole himself tells us that he
+excited the warmest commiseration in two distinguished beauties of the
+day, Lady Caroline Petersham and Miss Ashe.[79]
+
+[79] Another instance of Maclean's momentary vogue is given by
+Cunningham. He is hitched into Gray's _Long Story_, which was written
+at the very time he was taken:
+
+    'A sudden fit of ague shook him,
+      He stood as mute as poor _Macleane_.'
+
+This couplet has been recently explained by Gray's latest editor, Dr.
+Bradshaw, to be a reference to Maclean's only observation when called
+to receive sentence. 'My Lord [he said], I _cannot speak_.'
+
+Miss Ashe, of whom we are told mysteriously by the commentators that
+she 'was said to have been of very high parentage,' and Lady Caroline
+Petersham, a daughter of the Duke of Grafton, figure more pleasantly
+in another letter of Walpole, which gives a glimpse of some of those
+diversions with which he was wont to relieve the gothicising of his
+villa by the Thames. In a sentence that proves how well he understood
+his own qualities, he says he tells the story 'to show the manners of
+the age, which are always as entertaining to a person fifty miles off
+as to one born an hundred and fifty years after the time.' We have
+not yet reached the later limit; but there is little doubt as to the
+interest of Walpole's account of his visit in the month of June, 1750,
+to the famous gardens of Mr. Jonathan Tyers. He got a card, he says,
+from Lady Caroline to go with her to Vauxhall. He repairs accordingly
+to her house, and finds her 'and the little Ashe, or the Pollard Ashe,
+as they call her,' having 'just finished their last layer of red, and
+looking as handsome as crimson could make them.' Others of the party
+are the Duke of Kingston; Lord March, of Thackeray's _Virginians_;
+Harry Vane, soon to be Earl of Darlington; Mr. Whitehead; a 'pretty
+Miss Beauclerc,' and a 'very foolish Miss Sparre.' As they sail up the
+Mall, they encounter cross-grained Lord Petersham (my lady's husband)
+shambling along after his wont,[80] and 'as sulky as a ghost that
+nobody will speak to first.' He declines to accompany his wife and her
+friends, who, getting into the best order they can, march to their
+barge, which has a boat of French horns attending, and 'little Ashe'
+sings. After parading up the river, they 'debark' at Vauxhall, where
+at the outset they narrowly escape the excitement of a quarrel. For
+a certain Mrs. Lloyd, of Spring Gardens, afterwards married to Lord
+Haddington, observing Miss Beauclerc and her companion following Lady
+Caroline, says audibly, 'Poor girls, I am sorry to see them in such
+bad company,'--a remark which the 'foolish Miss Sparre' (she is but
+fifteen), for the fun of witnessing a duel, endeavours to make Lord
+March resent. But my Lord, who is not only 'very lively and agreeable,'
+but also of a nice discretion, laughs her out of 'this charming frolic,
+with a great deal of humour.' Next they pick up Lord Granby, arriving
+very drunk from 'Jenny's Whim,' at Chelsea, where he has left a mixed
+gathering of thirteen persons of quality playing at Brag. He is in the
+sentimental stage of his malady, and makes love to Miss Beauclerc and
+Miss Sparre alternately, until the tide of champagne turns, and he
+remembers that he is married. 'At last,' says Walpole,--and at this
+point the story may be surrendered to him entirely,--'we assembled
+in our booth, Lady Caroline in the front, with the visor of her hat
+erect, and looking gloriously jolly and handsome. She had fetched my
+brother Orford from the next box, where he was enjoying himself with
+his _petite partie_, to help us to mince chickens. We minced seven
+chickens into a china dish, which Lady Caroline stewed over a lamp with
+three pats of butter and a flagon of water, stirring and rattling and
+laughing, and we every minute expecting to have the dish fly about
+our ears. She had brought Betty, the fruit girl,[81] with hampers of
+strawberries and cherries from Rogers's, and made her wait upon us,
+and then made her sup by us at a little table. The conversation was
+no less lively than the whole transaction. There was a Mr. O'Brien
+arrived from Ireland, who would get the Duchess of Manchester from Mr.
+Hussey, if she were still at liberty. I took up the biggest hautboy
+in the dish, and said to Lady Caroline, "Madam, Miss Ashe desires you
+would eat this O'Brien strawberry;" she replied immediately, "I won't,
+you hussey." You may imagine the laugh this reply occasioned. After
+the tempest was a little calmed, the Pollard said, "Now, how anybody
+would spoil this story that was to repeat it, and say, "I won't, you
+jade." In short, the whole air of our party was sufficient, as you will
+easily imagine, to take up the whole attention of the garden; so much
+so that from eleven o'clock till half an hour after one we had the
+whole concourse round our booth: at last, they came into the little
+gardens of each booth on the sides of our's, till Harry Vane took up a
+bumper, and drank their healths, and was proceeding to treat them with
+still greater freedom. It was three o'clock before we got home.' He
+adds a characteristic touch to explain Lord Granby's eccentricities. He
+had lost eight hundred pounds to the Prince of Wales at Kew the night
+before, and this had a 'little ruffled' his lordship's temper.[82]
+
+[80] He was popularly known as 'Peter Shamble.' He afterwards became
+Earl of Harrington.
+
+[81] Elizabeth Neale, here referred to, was a well-known personage
+in St. James's Street, where, for many years, she kept a fruit shop.
+From Lady Mary Coke's _Letters and Journals_, 1889, vol. ii., p. 427,
+Betty appears to have assiduously attended the debates in the House
+of Commons being characterized as a 'violent Politician, & always in
+the opposition.' In Mason's _Heroic Epistle to Sir William Chambers,
+Knight_, she is spoken of as 'Patriot Betty.' She survived until 1797,
+when her death, at the age of 67, is recorded in the _Gentleman's
+Magazine_.
+
+[82] _Walpole to Montagu_, 23 June, 1750.
+
+Early in 1753, Edward Moore, the author of some _Fables for the Female
+Sex_, once popular enough to figure, between Thomson and Prior, in
+Goldsmith's _Beauties of English Poesy_, established the periodical
+paper called _The World_, which, to quote a latter-day definition,
+might fairly claim to be 'written by gentlemen for gentlemen.'
+Soame Jenyns, Cambridge of the _Scribleriad_ (Walpole's Twickenham
+neighbour), Hamilton Boyle, Sir Charles Hanbury Williams, and Lord
+Chesterfield were all contributors. That Walpole should also attempt
+this 'bow of Ulysses, in which it was the fashion for men of rank and
+genius to try their strength,' goes without saying. His gifts were
+exactly suited to the work, and his productions in the new journal are
+by no means its worst. His first essay was a bright little piece of
+persiflage upon what he calls the return of nature, and proceeds to
+illustrate by the introduction of 'real water' on the stage, by Kent's
+landscape gardening, and by the fauna and flora of the dessert table.
+A second effort was devoted to that extraordinary adventurer, Baron
+Neuhoff, otherwise Theodore, King of Corsica, who, with his realm for
+his only assets, was at this time a tenant of the King's Bench prison.
+Walpole, with genuine kindness, proposed a subscription for this
+bankrupt Belisarius, and a sum of fifty pounds was collected. This,
+however, proved so much below the expectations of His Corsican Majesty
+that he actually had the effrontery to threaten Dodsley, the printer of
+the paper, with a prosecution for using his name unjustifiably. 'I have
+done with countenancing kings,' wrote Walpole to Mann.[83] Others of
+his _World_ essays are on the Glastonbury Thorn; on Letter-Writing,--a
+subject of which he might claim to speak with authority; on old women
+as objects of passion; and on politeness, wherein occurs the already
+quoted anecdote of Maclean the highwayman. His light hand and lighter
+humour made him an almost ideal contributor to Moore's pages, and it
+is not surprising to find that such judges as Lady Mary approved his
+performances, or that he himself regarded them with a complacency which
+peeps out now and again in his letters. 'I met Mrs. Clive two nights
+ago,' he says, 'and told her I had been in the meadows, but would walk
+no more there, for there was all the world. "Well," says she, "and
+don't you like _The World_? I hear it was very clever last Thursday."'
+'Last Thursday' had appeared Walpole's paper on elderly 'flames.'
+
+[83] Nevertheless, when this '_Roi en Exil_' shortly afterwards died,
+Walpole erected a tablet in St. Anne's Churchyard, Soho, to his memory,
+with the following inscription:--
+
+    'Near this place is interred
+    Theodore, King of Corsica;
+    Who died in this parish, Dec. 11, 1756,
+    Immediately after leaving the King's-Bench-Prison,
+    By the benefit of the Act of Insolvency;
+    In consequence of which he registered
+    His Kingdom of Corsica
+    For the use of his Creditors.
+
+    'The Grave, great teacher, to a level brings
+    Heroes and beggars, galley-slaves and Kings.
+    But Theodore this moral learn'd, ere dead;
+    Fate pour'd its lessons on his _living_ head,
+    Bestow'd a kingdom, and denied him bread.'
+
+Theodore's Great Seal, and 'that very curious piece by which he took
+the benefit of the Act of Insolvency,' and in which he was only styled
+Theodore Stephen, Baron de Neuhoff, were among the treasures of the
+Tribune. (See Chapter VIII.)
+
+During the period covered by this chapter the _redintegratio amoris_
+with Gray, to which reference has been made, became confirmed. Whether
+the attachment was ever quite on the old basis, may be doubted.
+Gray always poses a little as the aggrieved person who could not
+speak first, and to whom unmistakable overtures must be made by the
+other side. He as yet 'neither repents, nor rejoices over much, but
+is pleased,'--he tells Chute in 1750. On the other hand, Walpole,
+though he appears to have proffered his palm-branch with very genuine
+geniality, and desire to let by-gones be by-gones, was not above
+very candid criticism of his recovered friend. 'I agree with you
+most absolutely in your opinion about Gray,' he writes to Montagu
+in September, 1748: 'he is the worst company in the world. From a
+melancholy turn, from living reclusely, and from a little too much
+dignity, he never converses easily; all his words are measured and
+chosen, and formed into sentences; his writings are admirable; he
+himself is not agreeable.' Meantime, however, the revived connection
+went on pleasantly. Gray made flying visits to Strawberry and Arlington
+Street, and prattled to Walpole from Pembroke between whiles. And
+certainly, in a measure, it is to Walpole that we owe Gray. It was
+Walpole who induced Gray to allow Dodsley to print in 1747, as an
+attenuated _folio_ pamphlet, the _Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton
+College_; and it was the tragic end of one of Walpole's favourite
+cats in a china tub of gold-fish (of which, by the way, there was a
+large pond called Po-yang at Strawberry) which prompted the delightful
+occasional verses by Gray beginning:--
+
+    ''Twas on a lofty vase's side,
+    Where china's gayest art had dy'd
+      The azure flow'rs that blow;
+    Demurest of the tabby kind,
+    The pensive Selima reclin'd,
+      Gaz'd on the lake below,'--
+
+a stanza which, with trifling verbal alterations, long served as a
+label for the 'lofty vase' in the Strawberry Hill collection. To
+Walpole's officious circulation in manuscript of the famous _Elegy
+written in a Country Church-Yard_ must indirectly be attributed its
+publication by Dodsley in February, 1751; to Walpole also is due
+that typical piece of _vers de société_, the _Long Story_, which
+originated in the interest in the recluse poet of Stoke Poges with
+which Walpole's well-meaning (if unwelcome) advocacy had inspired
+Lady Cobham and some other lion-hunters of the neighbourhood. But
+his chief enterprise in connection with his friend's productions was
+the edition of them put forth in March, 1753, with illustrations by
+Richard Bentley, the youngest child of the famous Master of Trinity.
+Bentley possessed considerable attainments as an amateur artist, and as
+a scholar and connoisseur had just that virtuoso _finesse_ of manner
+which was most attractive to Walpole, whose guest and counsellor he
+frequently became during the progress of the Strawberry improvements.
+Out of this connection, which, in its hot fits, was of the most
+confidential character, grew the suggestion that Bentley should make,
+at Walpole's expense, a series of designs for Gray's poems. These,
+which are still in existence,[84] were engraved with great delicacy by
+two of the best engravers of that time, Müller and Charles Grignion;
+and the _Poemata-Grayo-Bentleiana_, as Walpole christened them, became
+and remains one of the most remarkable of the illustrated books of
+the last century. Gray, as may be imagined, could scarcely oppose
+the compliment; and he seems to have grown minutely interested in
+the enterprise, rewarding the artist by some commendatory verses,
+in which he certainly does not deny himself--to use a phrase of Mr.
+Swinburne--'the noble pleasure of praising.'[85] But even over this
+book the sensitive ligament that linked him to Walpole was perilously
+strained. Without consulting him, Walpole had his likeness engraved
+as a frontispiece,--a step which instantly drew from Gray a wail of
+nervous expostulation so unmistakably heartfelt that it was impossible
+to proceed with the plate. Thus it came about that _Designs by Mr. R.
+Bentley for Six Poems by Mr. T. Gray_ made its appearance without the
+portrait of the poet.
+
+[84] A copy of the poems, 'illustrated with the original designs of Mr.
+Richard Bentley, ... and also with Mr. Gray's original sketch of Stoke
+House, from which Mr. Bentley made his finished pen drawing,' was sold
+at the Strawberry Hill sale of 1842 to H. G. Bohn for £8 8_s._
+
+[85] The verses include this magnificent stanza:--
+
+    'But not to one in this benighted age
+      Is that diviner inspiration giv'n,
+    That burns in Shakespeare's or in Milton's page,
+      The pomp and prodigality of heav'n.'
+
+
+Bentley's ingenious son was not the only person whom the decoration of
+Strawberry pressed into the service of its owner. Selwyn, the wit,
+George James (or 'Gilly') Williams, a connoisseur of considerable
+ability, and Richard, second Lord Edgecumbe, occasionally sat as
+a committee of taste,--a function commemorated by Reynolds in a
+conversation-piece which afterwards formed one of the chief ornaments
+of the Refectory;[86] and upon Bentley's recommendation Walpole invited
+from Jersey a humbler guest in the person of a German artist named
+Müntz,--'an inoffensive, good creature,' who would 'rather ponder
+over a foreign gazette than a palette,' but whose services kept him
+domiciled for some time at the Gothic castle. Müntz executed many
+views of the neighbourhood, which are still, like that of Twickenham
+already referred to,[87] preserved in contemporary engravings. And
+besides the persons whom Walpole drew into his immediate circle, the
+'village,' as he called it, was growing steadily in public favour.
+'Mr. Müntz'--writes Walpole in July, 1755--'says we have more coaches
+than there are in half France. Mrs. Pritchard has bought Ragman's
+Castle, for which my Lord Litchfield could not agree. We shall be as
+celebrated as Baiæ or Tivoli; and if we have not as sonorous names as
+they boast, we have very famous people: Clive and Pritchard, actresses;
+Scott and Hudson, painters; my Lady Suffolk, famous in her time;
+Mr. H[ickey], the impudent Lawyer, that Tom Hervey wrote against;
+Whitehead, the poet; and Cambridge, the everything.' Cambridge has
+already been referred to as a contributor to _The World_, and the
+Whitehead was the one mentioned in Churchill's stinging couplet:--
+
+    'May I (can worse disgrace on manhood fall?)
+    Be born a Whitehead, and baptiz'd a Paul,'
+
+who then lived on Twickenham Common. Hickey, a jovial Irish attorney,
+was the legal adviser of Burke and Reynolds, and the 'blunt, pleasant
+creature' of Goldsmith's 'Retaliation.' Scott was Samuel Scott, the
+'English Canaletto;' Hudson, Sir Joshua's master, who had a house on
+the river near Lord Radnor's. But Walpole's best allies were two of the
+other sex. One was Lady Suffolk, the whilom friend (as Mrs. Howard)
+of Pope and Swift and Gay, whose home at Marble Hill is celebrated in
+the Walpole-cum-Pulteney poem; the other was red-faced Mrs. Clive,
+who occupied a house known familiarly as 'Clive-den,' and officially
+as Little Strawberry. She had not yet retired from the stage. Lady
+Suffolk's stories of the Georgian Court and its scandals, and Mrs.
+Clive's anecdotes of the green-room, and of their common neighbour at
+Hampton, the great 'Roscius' himself (with whom she was always at war),
+must have furnished Walpole with an inexhaustible supply of just the
+particular description of gossip which he most appreciated.
+
+[86] It is copied in Cunningham, vol. iii. p. 475. It was sold for £157
+10_s._ at the Strawberry Hill sale, and passed into the collection of
+the late Lord Taunton.
+
+[87] See p. 192 n.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+ Gleanings from the _Short Notes_.--_Letter from Xo Ho._--The
+ Strawberry Hill Press.--Robinson the Printer.--Gray's _Odes_.--Other
+ Works.--_Catalogue of Royal and Noble Authors._--_Anecdotes
+ of Painting._--Humours of the Press.--_The Parish Register of
+ Twickenham._--Lady Fanny Shirley.--Fielding.--_The Castle of Otranto._
+
+
+In order to take up the little-variegated thread of Walpole's life, we
+must again resort to the _Short Notes_, in which, as already stated, he
+has recorded what he considered to be its most important occurrences.
+In 1754, he had been chosen member, in the new Parliament of that year,
+for Castle Rising, in Norfolk. In March, 1755, he says, he was very
+ill-used by his nephew, Lord Orford [_i. e._, the son of his eldest
+brother, Robert], upon a contested election in the House of Commons,
+'on which I wrote him a long letter, with an account of my own conduct
+in politics.' This letter does not seem to have been preserved, and
+it is difficult to conceive that its theme could have involved very
+lengthy explanations. In February, 1757, he vacated his Castle Rising
+seat for that of Lynn, and about the same time, he tells us, used his
+best endeavours, although in vain, to save the unfortunate Admiral
+Byng, who was executed, _pour encourager les autres_, in the following
+March. But with the exception of his erection of a tablet to Theodore
+of Corsica, and the dismissal, in 1759, of Mr. Müntz, with whom his
+connection seems to have been exceptionally prolonged, his record for
+the next decade, or until the publication of the _Castle of Otranto_,
+is almost exclusively literary, and deals with the establishment of
+his private printing press at Strawberry Hill, his publication thereat
+of Gray's _Odes_ and other works, his _Catalogue of Royal and Noble
+Authors_, his _Anecdotes of Painting_, and his above-mentioned romance.
+This accidental absorption of his chronicle by literary production will
+serve as a sufficient reason for devoting this chapter to those efforts
+of his pen which, from the outset, were destined to the permanence of
+type.
+
+Already, as far back as March, 1751, he had begun the work afterwards
+known as the _Memoires of the last Ten Years of the Reign of George
+II._, to the progress of which there are scattered references in the
+_Short Notes_. He had intended at first to confine them to the history
+of one year, but they grew under his hand. His first definite literary
+effort in 1757, however, was the clever little squib, after the model
+of Montesquieu's _Lettres Persanes_, entitled _A Letter from Xo Ho,
+a Chinese Philosopher at London, to his Friend Lien Chi, at Peking_,
+in which he ingeniously satirizes the 'late political revolutions'
+and the inconstant disposition of the English nation, not forgetting
+to fire off a few sarcasms _à propos_ of the Byng tragedy. The piece,
+he tells Mann, was written 'in an hour and a half' (there is always a
+little of Oronte's _Je n'ai demeuré qu'un quart d'heure à le faire_
+about Walpole's literary efforts), was sent to press next day, and ran
+through five editions in a fortnight.[88] Mrs. Clive was of opinion
+that the rash satirist would be sent to the Tower; but he himself
+regarded it as 'perhaps the only political paper ever written, in which
+no man of any party could dislike or deny a single fact;' and Henry
+Fox, to whom he sent a copy, may be held to confirm this view, since
+his only objection seems to have been that it did not hit some of the
+_other_ side a little harder. It would be difficult now without long
+notes to make it intelligible to modern readers; but the following
+outburst of the Chinese philosopher respecting the variations of the
+English climate has the merit of enduring applicability. 'The English
+have no sun, no summer, as we have, at least their sun does not scorch
+like ours. They content themselves with names: at a certain time of
+the year they leave their capital, and that makes summer; they go out
+of the city, and that makes the country. Their monarch, when he goes
+into the country, passes in his calash[89] by a row of high trees, goes
+along a gravel walk, crosses one of the chief streets, is driven by the
+side of a canal between two rows of lamps, at the end of which he has a
+small house [Kensington Palace], and then he is supposed to be in the
+country. I saw this ceremony yesterday: as soon as he was gone the men
+put on under vestments of white linen, and the women left off those
+vast draperies, which they call _hoops_, and which I have described to
+thee; and then all the men and all the women said _it was hot_. If thou
+wilt believe me, I am now [in May] writing to thee before a fire.'[90]
+
+[88] It may be observed that when Walpole's letter was published, it
+was briefly noticed in the _Monthly Review_, where at this very date
+Oliver Goldsmith was working as the hind of Griffiths and his wife.
+It is also notable that the name of Xo Ho's correspondent, Lien Chi,
+seems almost a foreshadowing of Goldsmith's Lien Chi Altangi. Can it
+be possible that Walpole supplied Goldsmith with his first idea of the
+_Citizen of the World_?
+
+[89] A four-wheeled carriage with a movable hood. Cf. Prior's _Down
+Hall_: 'Then answer'd Squire Morley: Pray get a _calash_, That in
+summer may burn, and in winter may splash,' etc.
+
+[90] _Works_, 1798, i. 208.
+
+In the following June Walpole had betaken himself to the place he
+'loved best of all,' and was amusing himself at Strawberry with his
+pen. The next work which he records is the publication of a Catalogue
+of the Collection of Pictures, etc., of [_i. e._, belonging to] Charles
+the First, for which he prepared 'a little introduction.' This, and
+the subsequent 'prefaces or advertisements' to the Catalogues of the
+Collections of James the Second, and the Duke of Buckingham, are to be
+found in vol. i., pp. 234-41, of his works. But the great event of 1757
+is the establishment of the _Officina Arbuteana_, or private printing
+press, of Strawberry Hill. 'Elzevir, Aldus, and Stephens,' he tells
+Chute in July, 'are the freshest personages in his memory,' and he
+jestingly threatens to assume as his motto (with a slight variation)
+Pope's couplet:--
+
+    'Some have at first for wits, then poets pass'd;
+    Turn'd _printers_ next, and proved plain fools at last.'
+
+'I am turned printer,' he writes somewhat later, 'and have converted a
+little cottage into a printing-office. My abbey is a perfect college or
+academy. I keep a painter [Müntz] in the house, and a printer,--not to
+mention Mr. Bentley, who is an academy himself.' William Robinson, the
+printer, an Irishman with noticeable eyes which Garrick envied ('they
+are more Richard the Third's than Garrick's own,' says Walpole), must
+have been a rather original personage, to judge by a copy of one of
+his letters which his patron incloses to Mann. He says he found it in
+a drawer where it had evidently been placed to attract his attention.
+After telling his correspondent in bad blank verse that he dates from
+the 'shady bowers, nodding groves, and amaranthine shades (?)' of
+Twickenham,--'Richmond's near neighbour, where great George the King
+resides,'--Robinson proceeds to describe his employer as 'the Hon.
+Horatio Walpole, son to the late great Sir Robert Walpole, who is
+very studious, and an admirer of all the liberal arts and sciences;
+amongst the rest he admires printing. He has fitted out a complete
+printing-house at this his country seat, and has done me the favour
+to make me sole manager and operator (there being no one but myself).
+All men of genius resorts his house, courts his company, and admires
+his understanding: what with his own and their writings, I believe
+I shall be pretty well employed. I have pleased him, and I hope to
+continue so to do.' Then, after reference to the extreme heat,--a
+heat by which fowls and quarters of lamb have been roasted in the
+London Artillery grounds 'by the help of glasses,' so capricious was
+the climate over which Walpole had made merry in May,--he proceeds to
+describe Strawberry. 'The place I am now in is all my comfort from
+the heat; the situation of it is close to the Thames, and is Richmond
+Gardens (if you were ever in them) in miniature, surrounded by bowers,
+groves, cascades, and ponds, and on a rising ground not very common in
+this part of the country; the building elegant, and the furniture of
+a peculiar taste, magnificent and superb.' At this date poor Robinson
+seems to have been delighted with the place and the fastidious master
+whom he hoped 'to continue to please.' But Walpole was nothing if not
+mutable, and two years later he had found out that Robinson of the
+remarkable eyes was 'a foolish Irishman who took himself for a genius,'
+and they parted, with the result that the _Officina Arbuteana_ was
+temporarily at a standstill.
+
+For the moment, however, things went smoothly enough. It had been
+intended that the maiden effort of the Strawberry types should have
+been a translation by Bentley of Paul Hentzner's curious account of
+England in 1598. But Walpole suddenly became aware that Gray had
+put the penultimate, if not the final, touches to his painfully
+elaborated Pindaric Odes, the _Bard_ and the _Progress of Poesy_, and
+he pounced upon them forthwith; Gray, as usual, half expostulating,
+half overborne. 'You will dislike this as much as I do,'--he writes to
+Mason,--'but there is no help.' 'You understand,' he adds, with the
+air of one resigning himself to the inevitable, 'it is he that prints
+them, not for me, but for Dodsley.' However, he persisted in refusing
+Walpole's not entirely unreasonable request for notes. 'If a thing
+cannot be understood without them,' he said characteristically, 'it
+had better not be understood at all.' Consequently, while describing
+them as 'Greek, Pindaric, sublime,' Walpole confesses under his breath
+that they are a little obscure. Dodsley paid Gray forty guineas for
+the book, which was a large, thin quarto, entitled _Odes by Mr. Gray;
+Printed, at Strawberry Hill, for R. and J. Dodsley in Pall-Mall_.
+It was published in August, and the price was a shilling. On the
+title-page was a vignette of the Gothic castle at Twickenham. From a
+letter of Walpole to Lyttelton it would seem that his apprehensions as
+to the poems being 'understanded of the people' proved well founded.
+'They [the age] have cast their eyes over them, found them obscure, and
+looked no further; yet perhaps no compositions ever had more sublime
+beauties than are in each,'--and he goes on to criticise them minutely
+in a fashion which shows that his own appreciation of them was by no
+means unqualified. But Warburton and Garrick and the 'word-picker' Hurd
+were enthusiastic. Lyttelton and Shenstone followed more moderately.
+Upon the whole, the success of the first venture was encouraging, and
+the share in it of 'Elzevir Horace,' as Conway called his friend, was
+not forgotten.
+
+Gray's _Odes_ were succeeded by Hentzner's _Travels_, or, to speak more
+accurately, by that portion of Hentzner's _Travels_ which refers to
+England. In England Hentzner was little known, and the 220 copies which
+Walpole printed in October, 1757, were prefaced by an Advertisement
+from his pen, and a dedication to the Society of Antiquaries, of which
+he was a member. After this came, in 1758, his _Catalogue of Royal and
+Noble Authors_; a collection of _Fugitive Pieces_ (which included his
+essays in the _World_), dedicated to Conway;[91] and seven hundred
+copies of Lord Whitworth's _Account of Russia_. Then followed a book by
+Joseph Spence, _the Parallel of Magliabecchi and Mr._ [Robert] _Hill_,
+a learned tailor of Buckingham, the object of which was to benefit
+Hill,--an end which must have been attained, as six out of seven
+hundred copies were sold in a fortnight, and the book was reprinted in
+London. Bentley's _Lucan_, a quarto of five hundred copies, succeeded
+Spence, and then came three other quartos of _Anecdotes of Painting_,
+by Walpole himself. The only other notable products of the press
+during this period are the Autobiography of Lord Herbert of Cherbury,
+quarto, 1764, and one hundred copies of the _Poems_ of Lady Temple.
+This, however, is a very fair record for seven years' work, when it
+is remembered that the Strawberry Hill staff never exceeded a man and
+a boy. As already stated, the first printer, Robinson, was dismissed
+in 1759. His place, after a short interval of 'occasional hands,' was
+taken by Thomas Kirgate, whose name thenceforth appears on all the
+Twickenham issues, with which it is indissolubly connected. Kirgate
+continued, with greater good fortune than his predecessors, to perform
+his duties until Walpole's death.
+
+[91] These, though printed in 1758, were not circulated until 1759.
+See, at end, 'Appendix of Books printed at the Strawberry Hill Press,'
+which contains ample details of all these publications.
+
+In the above list there are two volumes which, in these pages, deserve
+a more extended notice than the rest. _The Catalague of Royal and
+Noble Authors_ had at least the merit of novelty, and certainly a
+better reason for existing than some of the works to which its author
+refers in his preface. Even the performances of Pulteney, Earl of
+Bath, and the English rondeaus of Charles of Orleans are more worthy
+of a chronicler than the lives of physicians who had been poets, of
+men who had died laughing, or of Frenchmen who had studied Hebrew.
+Walpole took considerable pains in obtaining information, and his book
+was exceedingly well received,--indeed, far more favourably than he
+had any reason to expect. A second edition, which was not printed at
+Strawberry Hill, speedily followed the first, with no diminution of
+its prosperity. For an effort which made no pretensions to symmetry,
+which is often meagre where it might have been expected to be full,
+and is everywhere prejudiced by a sort of fine-gentleman disdain of
+exactitude, this was certainly as much as he could anticipate. But he
+seems to have been more than usually sensitive to criticism, and some
+of the amplest of his _Short Notes_ are devoted to the discussion of
+the adverse opinions which were expressed. From these we learn that
+he was abused by the _Critical Review_ for disliking the Stuarts,
+and by the _Monthly_ for liking his father. Further, that he found
+an apologist in Dr. Hill (of the _Inspector_), whose gross adulation
+was worse than abuse; and lastly, that he was seriously attacked
+in a Pamphlet of _Remarks on Mr. Walpole's 'Catalogue of Royal and
+Noble Authors'_ by a certain Carter, concerning whose antecedents his
+irritation goes on to bring together all the scandals he can collect.
+As the _Short Notes_ were written long after the events, it shows how
+his soreness against his critics continued. What it was when still
+fresh may be gathered from the following quotation from a letter to
+Rev. Henry Zouch, to whom he was indebted for many new facts and
+corrections, especially in the second edition, and who afterwards
+helped him in the _Anecdotes of Painting_: 'I am sick of the character
+of author; I am sick of the consequences of it; I am weary of seeing
+my name in the newspapers; I am tired with reading foolish criticisms
+on me, and as foolish defences of me; and I trust my friends will be
+so good as to let the last abuse of me pass unanswered. It is called
+"Remarks" on my Catalogue, asperses the Revolution more than it does my
+book, and, in one word, is written by a non-juring preacher, who was a
+dog-doctor. Of me, he knows so little that he thinks to punish me by
+abusing King William!'[92]
+
+[92] _Walpole to Zouch_, 14 May, 1759.
+
+In a letter of a few months earlier to the same correspondent, he
+refers to another task, upon which, in despite of the sentence just
+quoted, he continued to employ himself. 'Last summer'--he says--'I
+bought of Vertue's widow forty volumes of his MS. collections relating
+to English painters, sculptors, gravers, and architects. He had
+actually begun their lives: unluckily he had not gone far, and could
+not write grammar. I propose to digest and complete this work.'[93]
+The purchases referred to had been made subsequent to 1756, when
+Mrs. Vertue applied to Walpole, as a connoisseur, to buy from her
+the voluminous notes and memoranda which her husband had accumulated
+with respect to art and artists in England. Walpole also acquired at
+Vertue's sale in May, 1757, a number of copies from Holbein and two
+or three other pictures. He seems to have almost immediately set about
+arranging and digesting this unwieldy and chaotic heap of material,[94]
+much of which, besides being illiterate, was also illegible. More than
+once his patience gave way under the drudgery; but he nevertheless
+persevered in a way that shows a tenacity of purpose foreign, in this
+case at all events, to his assumption of dilettante indifference.
+His progress is thus chronicled. He began in January, 1760, and
+finished the first volume on 14 August. The second volume was begun in
+September, and completed on the 23rd October. On the 4th January in
+the following year he set about the third volume, but laid it aside
+after the first day, not resuming it until the end of June. In August,
+however, he finished it. Two volumes were published in 1762, and a
+third, which is dated 1763, in 1764. As usual, he affected more or
+less to undervalue his own share in the work; but he very justly laid
+stress in his 'Preface' upon the fact that he was little more than the
+arranger of data not collected by his own exertions. 'I would not,' he
+said to Zouch, 'have the materials of forty years, which was Vertue's
+case, depreciated in compliment to the work of four months, which is
+almost my whole merit.' Here, again, the tone is a little in the Oronte
+manner; but, upon the main point, the interest of the work, his friends
+did not share his apprehensions, and Gray especially was 'violent
+about it.' Nor did the public show themselves less appreciative, for
+there was so much that was new in the dead engraver's memoranda, and
+so much which was derived from private galleries or drawn from obscure
+sources, that the work could scarcely have failed of readers even if
+the style had been hopelessly corrupt, which, under Walpole's revision,
+it certainly was not. In 1762, he began a _Catalogue of Engravers_,
+which he finished in about six weeks as a supplementary volume, and in
+1765, still from the Strawberry Press, he issued a second edition of
+the whole.[95]
+
+[93] _Walpole to Zouch_, 12 January, 1759.
+
+[94] 'Mr. Vertue's Manuscripts, in 28 vols.,' were sold at the Sale of
+Rare Prints and Illustrated Works from the Strawberry Hill Collection
+on Tuesday, 21 June, 1842, for £26 10_s._ Walpole says in the _Short
+Notes_ that he paid £100. The Vertue MSS. are now in the British
+Museum, which acquired them from the Dawson Turner collection.
+
+[95] _The Anecdotes of Painting_ was enlarged by the Rev. James
+Dallaway in 1826-8, and again revised, with additional notes, by Ralph
+N Wornum in 1839. This last, in three volumes, 8vo is the accepted
+edition.
+
+After the appearance of the second edition of the _Anecdotes of
+Painting_, a silence fell upon the _Officina Arbuteana_ for three
+years, during the earlier part of which time Walpole was at Paris, as
+will be narrated in the next chapter. His press, as may be guessed,
+was one of the sights of his Gothic castle, and there are several
+anecdotes showing how his ingenious fancy made it the vehicle of
+adroit compliment. Once, not long after it had been established,
+my Lady Rochford, Lady Townshend (the witty Ethelreda, or Audrey,
+Harrison),[96] and Sir John Bland's sister were carried after dinner
+into the printing-room to see Mr. Robinson at work. He immediately
+struck off some verse which was already in type, and presented it to
+Lady Townshend:--
+
+
+THE PRESS SPEAKS:
+
+    From me wits and poets their glory obtain;
+    Without me their wit and their verses were vain.
+    Stop, Townshend, and let me but paint[97] what you say,
+    You, the fame I on others bestow, will repay.
+
+[96] She was married to Charles, 3rd Viscount Townshend in 1723, and
+was the mother of Charles Townshend, the statesman. She died in 1788.
+There was an enamel of her by Zincke after Vanloo in the Tribune at
+Strawberry Hill, which is engraved at p 150 of Cunningham's second
+volume.
+
+[97] _Sic. in orig._; but query 'print.'
+
+The visitors then asked, as had been anticipated to see the actual
+process of setting up; and Walpole ostensibly gave the printer four
+lines out of Rowe's _Fair Penitent_. But, by what would now be styled a
+clever feat of prestidigitation, the forewarned Robinson struck off the
+following, this time to Lady Rochford:--
+
+
+THE PRESS SPEAKS.
+
+    In vain from your properest name you have flown,
+    And exchanged lovely Cupid's for Hymen's dull throne;
+    By my art shall your beauties be constantly sung,
+    And in spite of yourself, you shall ever be _young_.
+
+Lady Rochford's maiden name, it should be explained, was 'Young.' Such
+were what their inventor call _les amusements des eaux de Straberri_ in
+the month of August and the year of grace 1757.
+
+Beyond the major efforts already mentioned, the _Short Notes_ contain
+references to various fugitive pieces which Walpole composed, some of
+which he printed, and some others of which have been published since
+his death. One of these, _The Magpie and her Brood_, was a pleasant
+little fable from the French of Bonaventure des Periers, rhymed for
+Miss Hotham, the youthful niece of his neighbour Lady Suffolk; another,
+a _Dialogue between two Great Ladies_. In 1761, he wrote a poem on
+the King, entitled _The Garland_, which first saw the light in the
+_Quarterly_ for 1852 [No. CLXXX.]. Besides these were several epigrams,
+mock sermons, and occasional verses. But perhaps the most interesting
+of his productions in this kind are the octosyllabics which he wrote in
+August, 1759, and called _The Parish Register of Twickenham_. This is a
+metrical list of all the remarkable persons who ever lived there, for
+which reason a portion of it may find a place in these pages:--
+
+    'Where silver Thames round Twit'nam meads
+    His winding current sweetly leads;
+    Twit'nam, the Muses' fav'rite seat,
+    Twit'nam, the Graces' lov'd retreat;
+    There polish'd Essex wont to sport,
+    The pride and victim of a court!
+    There Bacon tun'd the grateful lyre
+    To soothe Eliza's haughty ire;
+    --Ah! happy had no meaner strain
+    Than friendship's dash'd his mighty vein!
+    Twit'nam, where Hyde, majestic sage,
+    Retir'd from folly's frantic stage,
+    While his vast soul was hung on tenters
+    To mend the world, and vex dissenters
+    Twit'nam, where frolic Wharton revel'd,
+    Where Montagu, with locks dishevel'd
+    (Conflict of dirt and warmth divine),
+    Invok'd--and scandaliz'd the Nine;
+    Where Pope in moral music spoke
+    To th' anguish'd soul of Bolingbroke,
+    And whisper'd, how true genius errs,
+    Preferring joys that pow'r confers;
+    Bliss, never to great minds arising
+    From ruling worlds, but from despising:
+    Where Fielding met his bunter Muse,
+    And, as they quaff'd the fiery juice,
+    Droll Nature stamp'd each lucky hit
+    With inimaginable wit:
+    Where Suffolk sought the peaceful scene,
+    Resigning Richmond to the queen,
+    And all the glory, all the teasing,
+    Of pleasing one not worth the pleasing:
+    Where Fanny, "ever-blooming fair,"
+    Ejaculates the graceful pray'r,
+    And 'scap'd from sense, with nonsense smit,
+    For Whitefield's cant leaves Stanhope's wit:
+    Amid this choir of sounding names
+    Of statesmen, bards, and beauteous dames,
+    Shall the last trifler of the throng
+    Enroll his own such names among?
+    --Oh! no--Enough if I consign
+    To lasting types their notes divine:
+    Enough, if Strawberry's humble hill
+    The title-page of fame shall fill.'[98]
+
+[98] _Works_, 1798, vol. iv., pp. 382-3.
+
+In 1784, Walpole added a few lines to celebrate a new resident and
+a new favourite, Lady Di. Beauclerk, the widow of Johnson's famous
+friend.[99] Most of the other names which occur in the _Twickenham
+Register_ are easily identified. 'Fanny, "ever-blooming fair,"' was the
+beautiful Lady Fanny Shirley of Phillips' ballad and Pope's epistle,
+aunt of that fourth Earl Ferrers who in 1760 was hanged at Tyburn for
+murdering his steward. Miss Hawkins remembered her as residing at a
+house now called Heath Lane Lodge, with her mother, 'a very ancient
+Countess Ferrers,' widow of the first Earl. Henry Fielding, to whom
+Walpole gives a quatrain, the second couplet of which must excuse the
+insolence of the first, had for some time lodgings in Back Lane, whence
+was baptised in February, 1748, the elder of his sons by his second
+wife, the William Fielding who, like his father, became a Westminster
+magistrate. It is more likely that _Tom Jones_ was written at
+Twickenham than at any of the dozen other places for which that honour
+is claimed, since the author quitted Twickenham late in 1748, and his
+great novel was published early in the following year. Walpole had only
+been resident for a short time when Fielding left, but even had this
+been otherwise, it is not likely that, between the master of the Comic
+Epos (who was also Lady Mary's cousin!) and the dilettante proprietor
+of Strawberry, there could ever have been much cordiality. Indeed, for
+some of the robuster spirits of his age Walpole shows an extraordinary
+distaste, which with him generally implies unsympathetic, if not
+absolutely illiberal, comment. Almost the only important anecdote of
+Fielding in his correspondence is one of which the distorting bias is
+demonstrable;[100] and to Fielding's contemporary, Hogarth, although as
+a connoisseur he was shrewd enough to collect his works, he scarcely
+ever refers but to place him in a ridiculous aspect,--a course which
+contrasts curiously with the extravagant praise he gives to Bentley,
+Bunbury, Lady Di. Beauclerk, and some other of the very minor artistic
+lights in his own circle.
+
+[99] See chapter ix.
+
+[100] Cf. chapter vi. of _Fielding_, by the present writer, in the _Men
+of Letters_ series, 2nd edition, 1889, pp. 145-7.
+
+It is, however, possible to write too long an excursus upon the
+_Twickenham Parish Register_, and the last paragraphs of this chapter
+belong of right to another and more important work,--_The Castle
+of Otranto_. According to the _Short Notes_, this 'Gothic romance'
+was begun in June, 1764, and finished on the 6th August following.
+From another account we learn that it occupied eight nights of this
+period from ten o'clock at night until two in the morning, to the
+accompaniment of coffee. In a letter to Cole, the Cambridge antiquary,
+with whom Walpole commenced to correspond in 1762, he gives some
+further particulars, which, because they have been so often quoted,
+can scarcely be omitted here: 'Shall I even confess to you what was
+the origin of this romance? I waked one morning, in the beginning of
+last June, from a dream, of which all I could recover was, that I
+had thought myself in an ancient castle (a very natural dream for a
+head filled, like mine, with Gothic story), and that on the uppermost
+bannister of a great staircase I saw a gigantic hand in armour. In the
+evening I sat down and began to write, without knowing in the least
+what I intended to say or relate. The work grew on my hands, and I grew
+fond of it,--add that I was very glad to think of anything, rather than
+politics. In short, I was so engrossed with my tale, which I completed
+in less than two months, that one evening I wrote from the time I had
+drunk my tea, about six o'clock, till half an hour after one in the
+morning, when my hand and fingers were so weary that I could not hold
+the pen to finish the sentence, but left Matilda and Isabella talking,
+in the middle of a paragraph.'[101]
+
+[101] _Letter to Cole_, 9 March, 1765.
+
+The work of which the origin is thus described was published in
+a limited edition on the 24th December, 1764, with the title of
+_The Castle of Otranto, a Story, translated by William Marshal,
+Gent., from the original Italian of Onuphrio Muralto, Canon of the
+Church of St. Nicholas at Otranto_. The name of the alleged Italian
+author is sometimes described as an anagram from Horace Walpole,--a
+misconception which is easily demonstrated by counting the letters. The
+book was printed, not for Walpole, but for Lownds, of Fleet Street,
+and it was prefaced by an introduction in which the author described
+and criticised the supposed original, which he declared to be a
+black-letter printed at Naples in 1529. Its success was considerable.
+It seems at first to have excited no suspicion as to its authenticity,
+and it is not clear that even Gray, to whom a copy was sent immediately
+after publication, was in the secret. 'I have received the _Castle
+of Otranto_,' he says, 'and return you my thanks for it. It engages
+our attention here [at Cambridge], makes some of us cry a little, and
+all in general afraid to go to bed o' nights.' In the second edition,
+which followed in April, 1765, Walpole dropped the mask, disclosing
+his authorship in a second preface of great ability, which, among
+other things, contains a vindication of Shakespeare's mingling of
+comedy and tragedy against the strictures of Voltaire,--a piece of
+temerity which some of his French friends feared might prejudice him
+with that formidable critic. But what is even more interesting is his
+own account of what he had attempted. He had endeavoured to blend
+ancient and modern romance,--to employ the old supernatural agencies
+of Scudéry and La Calprenède as the background to the adventures of
+personages modelled as closely upon ordinary life as the personages of
+_Tom Jones_. These are not his actual illustrations, but they express
+his meaning. 'The actions, sentiments, conversations, of the heroes and
+heroines of ancient days were as unnatural as the machines employed to
+put them in motion.' He would make his heroes and heroines natural in
+all these things, only borrowing from the older school some of that
+imagination, invention, and fancy which, in the literal reproduction of
+life, he thought too much neglected.
+
+His idea was novel, and the moment a favourable one for its
+development. Fluently and lucidly written, the _Castle of Otranto_ set
+a fashion in literature. But, like many other works produced under
+similar conditions, it had its day. To the pioneer of a movement which
+has exhausted itself, there comes often what is almost worse than
+oblivion,--discredit and neglect. A generation like the present, for
+whom fiction has unravelled so many intricate combinations, and whose
+Gothicism and Mediævalism are better instructed than Walpole's, no
+longer feels its soul harrowed up in the same way as did his hushed
+and awe-struck readers of the days of the third George. To the critic
+the book is interesting as the first of a school of romances which had
+the honour of influencing even the mighty 'Wizard of the North,' who,
+no doubt in gratitude, wrote for _Ballantyne's Novelist's Library_ a
+most appreciative study of the story. But we doubt if that many-plumed
+and monstrous helmet, which crashes through stone walls and cellars,
+could now give a single shiver to the most timorous Cambridge don,
+while we suspect that the majority of modern students would, like
+the author, leave Matilda and Isabella talking, in the middle of a
+paragraph, but from a different kind of weariness. _Autres temps,
+autres mœurs_,--especially in the matter of Gothic romance.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+ State of French Society in 1765.--Walpole at Paris.--The Royal Family
+ and the Bête du Gévaudan.--French Ladies of Quality.--Madame du
+ Deffand.--A Letter from Madame de Sévigné.--Rousseau and the King of
+ Prussia.--The Hume-Rousseau Quarrel.--Returns to England, and hears
+ Wesley at Bath.--Paris again.--Madame du Deffand's Vitality.--Her
+ Character.--Minor Literary Efforts.--The _Historic Doubts_.--The
+ _Mysterious Mother_.--Tragedy in England.--Doings of the Strawberry
+ Press.--Walpole and Chatterton.
+
+
+When, towards the close of 1765, Walpole made the first of several
+visits to Paris, the society of the French capital, and indeed French
+society as a whole, was showing signs of that coming _culbute générale_
+which was not to be long deferred. The upper classes were shamelessly
+immoral, and, from the King downwards, _liaisons_ of the most open
+character excited neither censure nor comment. It was the era of
+Voltaire and the Encyclopædists; it was the era of Rousseau and the
+Sentimentalists; it was also the era of confirmed Anglomania. While
+we, on our side, were beginning to copy the _comédies larmoyantes_
+of La Chaussée and Diderot, the French in their turn were acting
+_Romeo and Juliet_, and raving over Richardson. Richardson's chief
+rival in their eyes was Hume, then a _chargé d'affaires_, and, in
+spite of his plain face and bad French, the idol of the freethinkers.
+He 'is treated here,' writes Walpole, 'with perfect veneration;' and
+we learn from other sources that no lady's toilette was complete
+without his attendance. 'At the Opera,'--says Lord Charlemont,--'his
+broad, unmeaning face was usually seen _entre deux jolis minois_;
+the ladies in France gave the _ton_, and the _ton_ was Deism.' Apart
+from literature, irreligion, and philosophy, the chief occupation was
+cards. 'Whisk and Richardson' is Walpole's later definition of French
+society; 'Whisk and disputes,' that of Hume. According to Walpole, a
+kind of pedantry and solemnity was the characteristic of conversation,
+and 'laughing was as much out of fashion as pantins or bilboquets.
+Good folks, they have no time to laugh. There is God and the King to
+be pulled down first; and men and women, one and all, are devoutly
+employed in the demolition.' How that enterprise eventuated, history
+has recorded.
+
+It is needless, however, to rehearse the origins of the French
+Revolution, in order to make a background for the visit of an English
+gentleman to Paris in 1765. Walpole had been meditating this journey
+for two or three years; but the state of his health, among other
+things (he suffered much from gout), had from time to time postponed
+it. In 1763, he had been going next spring;[102] but when next spring
+came he talked of the beginning of 1765. Nevertheless, in March of
+that year, Gilly Williams writes to Selwyn: 'Horry Walpole has now
+postponed his journey till May,' and then he goes on to speak of the
+_Castle of Otranto_ in a way which shows that all the author's friends
+were not equally enthusiastic respecting that ingenious romance. 'How
+do you think he has employed that leisure which his political frenzy
+has allowed of? In writing a novel, ... and such a novel that no
+boarding-school miss of thirteen could get through without yawning. It
+consists of ghosts and enchantments; pictures walk out of their frames,
+and are good company for half an hour together; helmets drop from the
+moon, and cover half a family. He says it was a dream, and I fancy
+one when he had some feverish disposition in him.'[103] May, however,
+had arrived and passed, and the _Castle of Otranto_ was in its second
+edition, before Walpole at last set out, on Monday, the 9th September,
+1765. After a seven hours' passage, he reached Calais from Dover. Near
+Amiens he was refreshed by a sight of one of his favourites, Lady Mary
+Coke,[104] 'in pea-green and silver;' at Chantilly he was robbed of
+his portmanteau. By the time he reached Paris, on the 13th, he had
+already 'fallen in love with twenty things, and in hate with forty.'
+The dirt of Paris, the narrowness of the streets, the 'trees clipped to
+resemble brooms, and planted on pedestals of chalk,' disgust him. But
+he is enraptured with the _treillage_ and fountains, 'and will prove
+it at Strawberry.' He detests the French opera, though he loves the
+French _opéra-comique_, with its Italian comedy and his passion,--'his
+dear favourite harlequin.' Upon the whole, in these first impressions
+he is disappointed. Society is duller than he expected, and with
+the staple topics of its conversation,--philosophy, literature, and
+freethinking,--he is (or says he is) out of sympathy. 'Freethinking
+is for one's self, surely not for society.... I dined to-day with
+half-a-dozen _savans_, and though all the servants were waiting, the
+conversation was much more unrestrained, even on the Old Testament,
+than I would suffer at my own table in England if a single footman was
+present. For literature, it is very amusing when one has nothing else
+to do. I think it rather pedantic in society; tiresome when displayed
+professedly; and, besides, in this country one is sure it is only the
+fashion of the day.' And then he goes on to say that the reigning
+fashion is Richardson and Hume.[105]
+
+[102] It is curious to note in one of his letters at this date a _mot_
+which may be compared with the famous 'Good Americans, when they die,
+go to Paris.' Walpole is more sardonic. 'Paris,' he says, '... like
+the description of the grave, is the way of all flesh' (_Walpole to
+Mann_, 30 June, 1763).
+
+[103] _Gilly Williams to Selwyn_, 19 March, 1765.
+
+[104] Lady Mary Coke, to whom the second edition of the Gothic romance
+was dedicated, was the youngest daughter of John, Duke of Argyll and
+Greenwich. At this date, she was a widow,--Lord Coke having died in
+1753. Two volumes of her _Letters and Journals_, with an excellent
+introduction by Lady Louisa Stuart, were printed privately at
+Edinburgh in 1889 from MSS. in the possession of the Earl of Home. A
+third volume, which includes a number of epistles addressed to her
+by Walpole, found among the papers of the late Mr. Drummond Moray of
+Abercairny, was issued in 1892. Walpole's tone in these documents is
+one of fantastic adoration; but the pair ultimately (and inevitably)
+quarrelled. There is a well-known mezzotint of Lady Mary by McArdell
+after Allan Ramsay, in which she appears in white satin, holding a tall
+theorbo. The original painting is at Mount Stuart, and belongs to Lord
+Bute.
+
+[105] _Walpole to Montagu_, 22 September, 1765.
+
+One of his earliest experiences was his presentation at Versailles to
+the royal family,--a ceremony which luckily involved but one operation
+instead of several, as in England, where the Princess Dowager of Wales,
+the Duke of Cumberland, and the Princess Amelia had all their different
+levees. He gives an account of this to Lady Hervey; but repeats it
+on the same day with much greater detail in a letter to Chute. 'You
+perceive [he says] that I have been presented. The Queen took great
+notice of me [for which reason, in imitation of Madame de Sévigné, he
+tells Lady Hervey that she is _le plus grand roi du monde_]; none of
+the rest said a syllable. You are let into the King's bedchamber just
+as he has put on his shirt; he dresses, and talks good-humouredly to
+a few, glares at strangers, goes to mass, to dinner, and a-hunting.
+The good old Queen, who is like Lady Primrose in the face, and Queen
+Caroline in the immensity of her cap, is at her dressing-table,
+attended by two or three old ladies.... Thence you go to the Dauphin,
+for all is done in an hour. He scarce stays a minute; indeed, poor
+creature, he is a ghost, and cannot possibly last three months. [He
+died, in fact, within this time, on the 20th December.] The Dauphiness
+is in her bed-chamber, but dressed and standing; looks cross, is
+not civil, and has the true Westphalian grace and accents. The four
+Mesdames [these were the _Graille_, _Chiffe_, _Coche_, and _Loque_ of
+history], who are clumsy, plump old wenches, with a bad likeness to
+their father, stand in a bedchamber in a row, with black cloaks and
+knotting-bags, looking good-humoured, [and] not knowing what to say....
+This ceremony is very short; then you are carried to the Dauphin's
+three boys, who, you may be sure, only bow and stare. The Duke of
+Berry [afterwards Louis XVI.] looks weak and weak-eyed; the Count de
+Provence [Louis XVIII.] is a fine boy; the Count d'Artois [Charles
+X.] well enough. The whole concludes with seeing the Dauphin's little
+girl dine, who is as round and as fat as a pudding.'[106] Such is
+Walpole's account of the royal family of France on exhibition. In the
+Queen's ante-chamber he was treated to a sight of the famous _bête du
+Gévaudan_, a hugeous wolf, of which a highly sensational representation
+had been given in the _St. James's Chronicle_ for June 6-8. It had just
+been shot, after a prosperous but nefarious career, and was exhibited
+by two chasseurs 'with as much parade as if it was Mr. Pitt.'[107]
+
+[106] _Walpole to Chute_, 3 October, 1765.
+
+[107] Madame de Genlis mentions this fearsome monster in her
+_Mémoires_: 'Tout le monde a entendu parler de la hyène de Gévaudan,
+qui a fait tant de ravages.' The point of Walpole's allusion to Pitt
+is explained in one of his hitherto unpublished letters to Lady Mary
+Coke at this date: 'I had the fortune to be treated with the sight
+of what, next to Mr. Pitt, has occasioned most alarm in France, the
+Beast of the Gévaudan' (_Letters and Journals_, iii. [1892], xvii). In
+another letter, to Pitt's sister Ann, maid of honour to Queen Caroline,
+he says: 'It is a very large wolf, to be sure, and they say has twelve
+teeth more than any of the species, and six less than the Czarina'
+(_Fortescue Corr., Hist. MSS. Commission, 13th Rept., App._ iii., 1892,
+i. 147).
+
+When he had been at Paris little less than a month, he was laid up with
+the gout in both feet. He was visited during his illness by Wilkes,
+for whom he expresses no admiration. From another letter it appears
+that Sterne and Foote were also staying in the French capital at this
+time. In November he is still limping about, and it is evident that
+confinement in 'a bedchamber in a _hôtel garni_, ... when the court
+is at Fontainebleau,' has not been without its effect upon his views
+of things in general. In writing to Gray (who replies with all sorts
+of kindly remedies), he says, 'The charms of Paris have not the least
+attraction for me, nor would keep me an hour on their own account.
+For the city itself, I cannot conceive where my eyes were: it is the
+ugliest, beastliest town in the universe. I have not seen a mouthful of
+verdure out of it, nor have they anything green but their _treillage_
+and window shutters.... Their boasted knowledge of society is reduced
+to talking of their suppers, and every malady they have about them, or
+know of.' A day or two later his gout and his stick have left him, and
+his good humour is coming back. Before the month ends, he is growing
+reconciled to his environment; and by January 'France is so agreeable,
+and England so much the reverse,'--he tells Lady Hervey,--'that he
+does not know when he shall return.' The great ladies, too, Madame
+de Brionne, Madame d'Aiguillon, Marshal Richelieu's daughter, Madame
+d'Egmont (with whom he could fall in love if it would break anybody's
+heart in England), begin to flatter and caress him. His 'last new
+passion' is the Duchess de Choiseul, who is so charming that 'you would
+take her for the queen of an allegory.' 'One dreads its finishing, as
+much as a lover, if she would admit one, would wish it should finish.'
+There is also a beautiful Countess de Forcalquier, the 'broken music'
+of whose imperfect English stirs him into heroics too Arcadian for the
+matter-of-fact meridian of London, where Lady Hervey is cautioned not
+to exhibit them to the profane.[108]
+
+[108] Of Mad. de Forcalquier it is related that, entering a theatre
+during the performance of Gresset's _Le Méchant_, just as the line
+was uttered, '_La faute est aux dieux, qui la firent si belle_,' the
+applause was so great as to interrupt the play. The point of this,
+in a recent repetition of the anecdote, was a little blunted by the
+printer's substitution of '_bête_' for '_belle_.'
+
+In a letter of later date to Gray, he describes some more of these
+graceful and witty leaders of fashion, whose '_douceur_' he seems to
+have greatly preferred to the pompous and arrogant fatuity of the men.
+'They have taken up gravity,'--he says of these latter,--'thinking it
+was philosophy and English, and so have acquired nothing in the room of
+their natural levity and cheerfulness.' But with the women the case is
+different. He knows six or seven 'with very superior understandings;
+some of them with wit, or with softness, or very good sense.' His
+first portrait is of the famous Madame Geoffrin, to whom he had been
+recommended by Lady Hervey, and who had visited him when imprisoned in
+his _chambre garni_. He lays stress upon her knowledge of character,
+her tact and good sense, and the happy mingling of freedom and severity
+by which she preserved her position as 'an epitome of empire,
+subsisting by rewards and punishments.' Then there is the Maréchale de
+Mirepoix, a courtier and an _intrigante_ of the first order. 'She is
+false, artful, and insinuating beyond measure when it is her interest,
+but indolent and a coward,' says Walpole, who does not measure his
+words even when speaking of a beauty and a Princess of Lorraine.
+Others are the _savante_, Madame de Boufflers, who visited England
+and Johnson, and whom the writer hits off neatly by saying that you
+would think she was always sitting for her picture to her biographer;
+a second _savante_, Madame de Rochfort, 'the _decent_ friend' of
+Walpole's former guest at Strawberry, the Duc de Nivernais;[109] the
+already mentioned Duchess de Choiseul, and Madame la Maréchale de
+Luxembourg, whose youth had been stormy, but who was now softening down
+into a kind of twilight melancholy which made her rather attractive.
+This last, with one exception, completes his list.
+
+[109] Louis-Jules-Barbon Mancini-Mazarini, Duc de Nivernais (1716-98),
+who had visited Twickenham three years earlier, when he was Ambassador
+to England. He was a man of fine manners, and tastes so literary that
+his works fill eight volumes. They include a translation of Walpole's
+_Essay on Modern Gardening_ (see appendix at end). In his letters to
+Miss Ann Pitt at this date, Walpole speaks of the Duke's clever fables,
+by which he is now best remembered. Lord Chesterfield told his son in
+1749 that Nivernais was 'one of the prettiest men he had ever known,'
+and in 1762 his opinion was unaltered. '_M. de Nivernais est aimé,
+respecté, et admiré par tout ce qu' il y a d'honnêtes gens à la cour
+et à la ville_,' he writes to Madame de Monconseil. The Duke's end was
+worthy of Chesterfield himself, for he spent some of his last hours in
+composing valedictory verses to his doctor. (See 'Eighteenth Century
+Vignettes,' second series, pp. 107-137.)
+
+The one exception is a figure which henceforth played no inconsiderable
+part in Walpole's correspondence,--that of the brilliant and witty
+Madame du Deffand. As Marie de Vichy-Chamrond, she had been married at
+one-and-twenty to the nobleman whose name she bore, and had followed
+the custom of her day by speedily choosing a lover, who had many
+successors. For a brief space she had captivated the Regent himself,
+and at this date, being nearly seventy and hopelessly blind, was
+continuing, from mere force of habit, a 'decent friendship' with the
+deaf President Hénault. At first Walpole was not impressed with her,
+and speaks of her, disrespectfully, as 'an old blind debauchee of wit.'
+A little later, although he still refers to her as the 'old lady of the
+house,' he says she is very agreeable. Later still, she has completed
+her conquest by telling him he has _le fou mocquer_; and in the letter
+to Gray above quoted, it is plain that she has become an object of
+absorbing interest to him, not unmingled with a nervous apprehension of
+her undisguised partiality for his society. In spite of her affliction
+(he says) she 'retains all her vivacity, wit, memory, judgment,
+passions, and agreeableness. She goes to Operas, Plays, suppers, and
+Versailles; gives suppers twice a week; has every thing new read to
+her; makes new songs and epigrams, ay, admirably,[110] and remembers
+every one that has been made these fourscore years. She corresponds
+with Voltaire, dictates charming letters to him, contradicts him,
+is no bigot to him or anybody, and laughs both at the clergy and
+the philosophers. In a dispute, into which she easily falls, she is
+very warm, and yet scarce ever in the wrong; her judgment on every
+subject is as just as possible; on every point of conduct as wrong as
+possible: for she is all love and hatred, passionate for her friends
+to enthusiasm, still anxious to be loved, I don't mean by lovers,
+and a vehement enemy, but openly. As she can have no amusement but
+conversation, the least solitude and ennui are insupportable to her,
+and put her into the power of several worthless people, who eat her
+suppers when they can eat nobody's of higher rank; wink to one another
+and laugh at her; hate her because she has forty times more parts, and
+venture to hate her because she is not rich.'[111] In another letter,
+to Mr. James Crawford of Auchinames (Hume's _Fish_ Crawford), who was
+also one of Madame du Deffand's admirers, he says, in repeating some
+of the above details, that he is not 'ashamed of interesting himself
+exceedingly about her. To say nothing of her extraordinary parts, she
+is certainly the most generous, friendly being upon earth.' Upon her
+side, Madame du Deffand seems to have been equally attracted by the
+strange mixture of independence and effeminacy which went to make up
+Walpole's character. Her attachment to him rapidly grew into a kind of
+infatuation. He had no sooner quitted Paris, which he did on the 17th
+April, than she began to correspond with him; and thenceforward, until
+her death in 1780, her letters, dictated to her faithful secretary,
+Wiart, continued, except when Walpole was actually visiting her (and
+she sometimes wrote to him even then), to reach him regularly. Not long
+after his return to England, she made him the victim of a charming
+hoax. He had, when in Paris, admired a snuff-box which bore a portrait
+of Madame de Sévigné, for whom he professed an extravagant admiration.
+Madame du Deffand procured a similar box, had the portrait copied, and
+sent it to him with a letter, purporting to come from the dateless
+Elysian Fields and 'Notre Dame de Livry' herself, in which he was
+enjoined to use his present always, and to bring it often to France and
+the Faubourg St. Germain. Walpole was completely taken in, and imagined
+that the box had come from Madame de Choiseul; but he should have known
+at first that no one living but his blind friend could have written
+'that most charming of all letters.' The box itself, the memento of so
+much old-world ingenuity, was sold (with the pseudo-Sévigné epistle)
+at the Strawberry Hill sale for £28 7_s._ When witty Mrs. Clive heard
+of the last addition to Walpole's list of favourites, she delivered
+herself of a good-humoured _bon mot_. There was a new resident at
+Twickenham,--the first Earl of Shelburne's widow. 'If the new Countess
+is but lame,' quoth Clive (referring to the fact that Lady Suffolk
+was deaf, and Madame du Deffand blind), 'I shall have no chance of
+ever seeing you.' But there is nothing to show that he ever relaxed
+in his attentions to the delightful actress, whom he somewhere styles
+_dimidium animæ meæ_.[112]
+
+[110] One of her _logogriphes_, or enigmas, is as follows:--
+
+    '_Quoique je forme un corps, je ne suis qu'une idée;
+    Plus ma beauté vieillit, plus elle est décidée:
+    Il faut, pour me trouver, ignorer d'où je viens:
+    Je tiens tout de lui, qui reduit tout à rien._'
+
+The answer is _noblesse_. Lord Chesterfield thought it so good that he
+sent it to his godson (Letter 166).
+
+[111] _Walpole to Gray_, 25 January, 1766.
+
+[112] He was malicious enough to add, 'a pretty round half.' In middle
+life Mrs. Clive, like her Twickenham neighbour, Mrs. Pritchard, grew
+excessively stout; and there is a pleasant anecdote that, on one
+occasion, when the pair were acting together in Cibber's _Careless
+Husband_, the audience were regaled by the spectacle of two leading
+actresses, neither of whom could manage to pick up a letter which, by
+ill-luck, had been dropped upon the ground.
+
+One of the other illustrious visitors to Paris during Walpole's stay
+there was Rousseau. Being no longer safe in his Swiss asylum, where the
+curate of Motiers had excited the mob against him, that extraordinary
+self-tormentor, clad in his Armenian costume, had arrived in December
+at the French capital, and shortly afterwards left for England, under
+the safe-conduct of Hume, who had undertaken to procure him a fresh
+resting-place. He reached London on the 14th January, 1766. Walpole
+had, to use his own phrase, 'a hearty contempt' for the fugitive
+sentimentalist and his grievances; and not long before Rousseau's
+advent in Paris, taking for his pretext an offer made by the King of
+Prussia, he had woven some of the light mockery at Madame Geoffrin's
+into a sham letter from Frederick to Jean-Jacques, couched in the true
+Walpolean spirit of persiflage. It is difficult to summarize, and may
+be reproduced here as its author transcribed it on the 12th January,
+for the benefit of Conway:--
+
+LE ROI DE PRUSSE À MONSIEUR ROUSSEAU.
+
+ MON CHER JEAN-JACQUES,--Vous avez renoncé à Génève votre patrie; vous
+ vous êtes fait chasser de la Suisse, pays tant vanté dans vos écrits;
+ la France vous a décrété. Venez donc chez moi; j'admire vos talens; je
+ m'amuse de vos rêveries, qui (soit dit en passant) vous occupent trop,
+ et trop longtems. Il faut à la fin être sage et heureux. Vous avez
+ fait assez parler de vous par des singularités peu convenables à un
+ véritable grand homme. Démontrez à vos ennemis que vous pouvez avoir
+ quelquefois le sens commun: cela les fachera, sans vous faire tort.
+ Mes états vous offrent une retraite paisible; je vous veux du bien, et
+ je vous en ferai, si vous le trouvez bon. Mais si vous vous obstiniez
+ à rejetter mon secours, attendez-vous que je ne le dirai à personne.
+ Si vous persistez à vous creuser l'esprit pour trouver de nouveaux
+ malheurs, choisissez les tels que vous voudrez. Je suis roi, je puis
+ vous en procurer au gré de vos souhaits: et ce qui sûrement ne vous
+ arrivera pas vis à vis de vos ennemis, je cesserai de vous persécuter
+ quand vous cesserez de mettre votre gloire à l'être.
+
+  Votre bon ami,
+
+  FRÉDÉRIC.
+
+This composition, the French of which was touched up by Helvétius,
+Hénault, and the Duc de Nivernais, gave extreme satisfaction to all the
+anti-Rousseau party.[113] While Hume and his _protégé_ were still in
+Paris, Walpole, out of delicacy to Hume, managed to keep the matter a
+secret; and he also abstained from making any overtures to Rousseau,
+whom, as he truly said, he could scarcely have visited cordially, with
+a letter in his pocket written to ridicule him. But Hume had no sooner
+departed than Frederick's sham invitation went the round, ultimately
+finding its way across the Channel, where it was printed in the _St.
+James's Chronicle_. Rousseau, always on the alert to pose as the victim
+of plots and conspiracies, was naturally furious, and wrote angrily
+from his retreat at Mr. Davenport's in Derbyshire to denounce the
+fabrication. The worst of it was, that his morbid nature immediately
+suspected the innocent Hume of participating in the trick. 'What
+rends and afflicts my heart [is],' he told the _Chronicle_, 'that the
+impostor hath his accomplices in England;' and this delusion became
+one of the main elements in that 'twice-told tale,'--the quarrel of
+Hume and Rousseau. Walpole was called upon to clear Hume from having
+any hand in the letter, and several communications, all of which are
+printed at length in the fourth volume of his works, followed upon the
+same subject. Their discussion would occupy too large a space in this
+limited memoir.[114] It is, however, worth noticing that Walpole's
+instinct appears to have foreseen the trouble that fell upon Hume.
+'I wish,' he wrote to Lady Hervey, in a letter which Hume carried to
+England when he accompanied his untunable _protégé_ thither, 'I wish
+he may not repent having engaged with Rousseau, who contradicts and
+quarrels with all mankind, in order to obtain their admiration.'[115]
+He certainly, upon the present occasion, did not belie this
+uncomplimentary character.
+
+[113] In a recently printed letter to Miss Ann Pitt, 19 Jan., 1766,
+Walpole makes reference to the popularity which this _jeu d'esprit_
+procured for him. 'Everybody wou'd have a copy [of course he encloses
+one to his correspondent]; the next thing was, everybody wou'd see the
+author.... I thought at last I shou'd have a box quilted for me, like
+Gulliver, be set upon the dressing-table of a maid of honour, and fed
+with bonbons.... If, contrary to all precedent, I shou'd exist in vogue
+a week longer, I will send you the first statue that is cast of me in
+_bergamotte_ or _biscuite porcelaine_' (_Fortescue Corr., Hist. MSS.
+Commision, 13th Rept., App. iii._ [1892], i, 153).
+
+[114] Hume's narrative of the affair may be read in _A Concise and
+Genuine Account of the Dispute between Mr. Hume and Mr. Rousseau: with
+the Letters that passed between them during their Controversy. As also,
+the Letters of the Hon. Mr. Walpole, and Mr. D'Alembert, relative to
+this extraordinary Affair. Translated from the French. London. Printed
+for T. Becket and P. A. De Hondt, near Surry-street, in the Strand,
+MDCCLXVI._
+
+[115] _Walpole to Lady Hervey_, 2 January, 1766. In a letter to
+Lady Mary Coke, dated two days later, he says: 'Rousseau set out
+this morning for England. As He loves to contradict a whole Nation,
+I suppose he will write for the present opposition.... As he is to
+live at Fulham, I hope his first quarrel will be with his neighbour
+the Bishop of London, who is an excellent subject for his ridicule'
+(_Letters and Journals_, iii. 1892, xx).
+
+Before the last stages of the Hume-Rousseau controversy had been
+reached, Hume was back again in Paris, and Walpole had returned to
+London. Upon the whole, he told Mann, he liked France so well that
+he should certainly go there again. In September, 1766, he was once
+more attacked with gout, and at the beginning of October went to
+Bath, whose Avon (as compared with his favourite Thames) he considers
+'paltry enough to be the Seine or Tyber.' Nothing pleases him much at
+Bath, although it contained such notabilities as Lord Chatham, Lord
+Northington, and Lord Camden; but he goes to hear Wesley, of whom he
+writes rather flippantly to Chute. He describes him as 'a lean, elderly
+man, fresh-coloured, his hair smoothly combed, but with a _soupçon_
+of curl at the ends.' 'Wondrous clean,' he adds, 'but as evidently an
+actor as Garrick. He spoke his sermon, but so fast, and with so little
+accent, that I am sure he has often uttered it, for it was like a
+lesson. There were parts and eloquence in it; but towards the end he
+exalted his voice, and acted very ugly enthusiasm; decried learning,
+and told stories, like Latimer, of the fool of his college, who said,
+'I _thanks_ God for everything.'[116] He returned to Strawberry Hill
+in October. In August of the next year he again went to Paris, going
+almost straight to Madame du Deffand's, where he finds Mademoiselle
+Clairon (who had quitted the stage) invited to declaim Corneille in
+his honour, and he sups in a distinguished company. His visit lasted
+two months; but his letters for this period contain few interesting
+particulars, while those of the lady cease altogether, to be resumed
+again on the 9th October, a few hours after his departure. Two years
+later he travels once more to Paris and his blind friend, whom he finds
+in better health than ever, and with spirits so increased that he tells
+her she will go mad with age. 'When they ask her how old she is, she
+answers, "_J'ai soixante et mille ans_."' Her septuagenarian activity
+might well have wearied a younger man. 'She and I,' he says, 'went
+to the Boulevard last night after supper, and drove about there till
+two in the morning. We are going to sup in the country this evening,
+and are to go to-morrow night at eleven to the puppet-show.' In a
+letter to George Montagu, which adds some details to her portrait, he
+writes: 'I have heard her dispute with all sorts of people, on all
+sorts of subjects, and never knew her in the wrong.[117] She humbles
+the learned, sets right their disciples, and finds conversation for
+everybody. Affectionate as Madame de Sévigné, she has none of her
+prejudices, but a more universal taste; and, with the most delicate
+frame, her spirits hurry her through a life of fatigue that would kill
+me, if I was to continue here.... I had great difficulty last night
+to persuade her, though she was not well, not to sit up till between
+two and three for the comet; for which purpose she had appointed an
+astronomer to bring his telescopes to the President Hénault's, as
+she thought it would amuse me. In short, her goodness to me is so
+excessive that I feel unashamed at producing my withered person in a
+round of diversions, which I have quitted at home.'[118] One of the
+other amusements which she procured for him was the _entrée_ of the
+famous convent of St. Cyr, of which he gives an interesting account. He
+inspects the pensioners, and the numerous portraits of the foundress,
+Madame de Maintenon. In one class-room he hears the young ladies sing
+the choruses in _Athalie_; in another sees them dance minuets to the
+violin of a nun who is not precisely St. Cecilia. In the third room
+they act _proverbes_, or conversations. Finally, he is enabled to
+enrich the archives of Strawberry with a piece of paper containing a
+few sentences of Madame de Maintenon's handwriting.
+
+[116] _Walpole to Chute_, 10 October, 1766.
+
+
+[117] Lady Mary Coke testifies to the charm of her conversation: 'In
+the evening I made a visit to Madame du Deffan [_sic_]. She talks so
+well that I wish'd to write down everything She said, as I thought I
+shou'd have liked to have read it afterwards' (_Letters and Journals_,
+iii. [1892], 233).
+
+[118] _Walpole to Montagu_, 7 September, 1769.
+
+Walpole's literary productions for this date (in addition to the
+letter from the King of Prussia to Rousseau) are scheduled in the
+_Short Notes_ with his usual minuteness. In June, 1766, shortly
+after his return from Paris, he wrote a squib upon Captain Byron's
+description of the Patagonians, entitled, _An Account of the Giants
+lately discovered_, which was published on the 25th August. On 18
+August he began his _Memoirs of the Reign of King George the Third_;
+and, in 1767, the detection of a work published at Paris in two volumes
+under the title of the _Testament du Chevalier Robert Walpole_, and
+'stamped in that mint of forgeries, Holland.' This, which is printed
+in the second volume of his works, remained unpublished during his
+lifetime, as no English translation of the _Testament_ was ever
+made. His next deliverance was a letter, subsequently printed in the
+_St. James's Chronicle_ for 28 May, in which he announced to the
+Corporation of Lynn, in the person of their Mayor, Mr. Langley, that
+he did not intend to offer himself again as the representative in
+Parliament of that town. A wish to retire from all public business,
+and the declining state of his health, are assigned as the reasons for
+his thus breaking his Parliamentary connection, which had now lasted
+for five-and-twenty years. Following upon this comes the already
+mentioned account of his action in the Hume and Rousseau quarrel, and
+a couple of letters on _Political Abuse in Newspapers_. These appeared
+in the _Public Advertiser_. But the chief results of his leisure in
+1766-8 are to be found in two efforts more ambitious than any of those
+above indicated,--the _Historic Doubts on Richard the Third_, and the
+tragedy of _The Mysterious Mother_. The _Historic Doubts_ was begun in
+the winter of 1767, and published in February, 1768; the tragedy in
+December, 1766, and published in March, 1768.
+
+The _Historic Doubts_ was an attempt to vindicate Richard III. from his
+traditional character, which Walpole considered had been intentionally
+blackened in order to whiten that of Henry VII. '_Vous seriez un
+excellent attornei général_,'--wrote Voltaire to him,--'_vous pesez
+toutes les probabilités_.' He might have added that they were all
+weighed on one side. Gray admits the clearness with which the principal
+part of the arguments was made out; but he remained unconvinced,
+especially as regards the murder of Henry VI. Other objectors speedily
+appeared, who were neither so friendly nor so gentle. _The Critical
+Review_ attacked him for not having referred to Guthrie's _History
+of England_, which had in some respects anticipated him; and he was
+also criticised adversely by the _London Chronicle_. Of these attacks
+Walpole spoke and wrote very contemptuously; but he seems to have been
+considerably nettled by the conduct of a Swiss named Deyverdun, who,
+giving an account of the book in a work called _Mémoires Littéraires
+de la Grande Bretagne_ for 1768, declared his preference for the
+views which Hume had expressed in certain notes to the said account.
+Deyverdun's action appears to have stung Walpole into a supplementary
+defence of his theories, in which he dealt with his critics generally.
+This he did not print, but set aside to appear as a postscript in his
+works. In 1770, however, his arguments were contested by Dr. Milles,
+Dean of Exeter, to whom he replied; and later still, another antiquary,
+the Rev. Mr. Masters, came forward. The last two assailants were
+members of the Society of Antiquaries, from which body Walpole, in
+consequence, withdrew. But he practically abandoned his theories in a
+final postscript, written in February, 1793, which is to be found in
+the second volume of his works.
+
+Concerning the second performance above referred to, _The Mysterious
+Mother_, most of Walpole's biographers are content to abide in
+generalities. That the proprietor of Gothic Strawberry should have
+produced _The Castle of Otranto_ has a certain congruity; but one
+scarcely expects to find the same person indulging in a blank-verse
+tragedy sombre enough to have taxed the powers of Ford or Webster. It
+is a curious example of literary reaction, and his own words respecting
+it are doubtful-voiced. To Montagu and to Madame du Deffand he writes
+apologetically. '_Il ne vous plairoit pas assurément_,' he informs the
+lady; '_il n'y a pas de beaux sentiments. Il n'y a que des passions
+sans envelope_, _des crimes_, _des repentis_, _et des horreurs_;'[119]
+and he lays his finger on one of its gravest defects when he goes on
+to say that its interest languishes from the first act to the last.
+Yet he seems, too, to have thought of its being played, for he tells
+Montagu a month later that though he is not yet intoxicated enough
+with it to think it would do for the stage, yet he wishes to see it
+acted,--a wish which must have been a real one, since he says further
+that he has written an epilogue for Mrs. Clive to speak in character.
+The postscript which is affixed to the printed piece contradicts the
+above utterances considerably, or, at all events, shows that fuller
+consideration has materially revised them. He admits that _The
+Mysterious Mother_ would not be proper to appear upon the boards. 'The
+subject is so horrid that I thought it would shock rather than give
+satisfaction to an audience. Still, I found it so truly tragic in
+the two essential springs of terror and pity that I could not resist
+the impulse of adapting it to the scene, though it should never be
+practicable to produce it there.' After his criticism to Madame du
+Deffand upon the plot, it is curious to find him later on claiming that
+'every scene tends to bring on the catastrophe, and [that] the story
+is never interrupted or diverted from its course.' Notwithstanding its
+imaginative power, it is impossible to deny that the author's words as
+to the repulsiveness of the subject are just. But it is needless to
+linger longer upon a dramatic work which had such grave defects as to
+render its being acted impossible, and concerning the literary merit of
+which there will always be different opinions. Byron spoke of it as 'a
+tragedy of the highest order,'--a judgment which has been traversed by
+Macaulay and Scott; Miss Burney shuddered at its very name; while Lady
+Di. Beauclerk illustrated it enthusiastically with a series of seven
+designs in 'sut-water,'[120] for which the enraptured author erected
+a special gallery.[121] Meanwhile, we may quote, from the close of the
+above postscript, a passage where Walpole is at his best. It is a rapid
+and characteristic _aperçu_ of tragedy in England:
+
+'The excellence of our dramatic writers is by no means equal in number
+to the great men we have produced in other walks. Theatric genius
+lay dormant after Shakespeare; waked with some bold and glorious,
+but irregular and often ridiculous, flights in Dryden; revived in
+Otway; maintained a placid, pleasing kind of dignity in Rowe, and even
+shone in his _Jane Shore_. It trod in sublime and classic fetters in
+_Cato_, but void of nature, or the power of affecting the passions.
+In Southerne it seemed a genuine ray of nature and Shakespeare; but,
+falling on an age still more Hottentot, was stifled in those gross and
+barbarous productions, tragi-comedies. It turned to tuneful nonsense
+in the _Mourning Bride_; grew stark mad in Lee, whose cloak, a little
+the worse for wear, fell on Young, yet in both was still a poet's
+cloak. It recovered its senses in Hughes and Fenton, who were afraid it
+should relapse, and accordingly kept it down with a timid but amiable
+hand; and then it languished. We have not mounted again above the two
+last.'[122]
+
+[119] _Letters of Madame du Deffand_, 1810, i. 211 n.
+
+[120] _i. e._ Soot-water. There were two landscapes in soot-water by
+Mr. Bentley in the Green Closet at Strawberry.
+
+[121] See chapter ix.
+
+[122] _Works_, 1798, i. 129.
+
+The _Castle of Otranto_ and the _Historic Doubts_ were not printed by
+Mr. Robinson's latest successor, Mr. Kirgate. But the Strawberry Press
+had by this time resumed its functions, for _The Mysterious Mother_, of
+which 50 copies were struck off in 1768, was issued from it. Another
+book which it produced in the same year was _Cornélie_, a youthful
+tragedy by Madame du Deffand's friend, President Hénault. Walpole's
+sole reason for giving it the permanence of his type appears to have
+been gratitude to the venerable author, then fast hastening to the
+grave, for his kindness to himself in Paris. To Paris three-fourths of
+the impression went. More important reprints were Grammont's _Memoirs_,
+a small quarto, and a series of _Letters of Edward VI._; both printed
+in 1772. The list for this period is completed by the loose sheets of
+_Hoyland's Poems_, 1769, and the well-known, but now rare, _Description
+of the Villa of Horace Walpole at Strawberry Hill_, 1774, 100 copies
+of which were printed, six being on large paper. To an account of
+this patchwork edifice, the ensuing chapter will be chiefly devoted.
+The present may fitly be concluded with a brief statement of that
+always-debated passage in Walpole's life, his relations with the
+ill-starred Chatterton.
+
+Towards the close of 1768, and early in 1769, Chatterton, fretting
+in Mr. Lambert's office at Bristol, and casting about eagerly for
+possible clues to a literary life, had offered some specimens of the
+pseudo-Rowley to James Dodsley of Pall-Mall, but apparently without
+success. His next appeal was made to Walpole, and mainly as the
+author of the _Anecdotes of Painting in England_. What documents he
+actually submitted to him, is not perfectly clear; but they manifestly
+included further fabrications of monkish verse, and hinted at, or
+referred to, a sequence of native artists in oil, hitherto wholly
+undreamed of by the distinguished virtuoso he addressed. The packet was
+handed to Walpole at Arlington Street by Mr. Bathoe, his bookseller
+(notable as the keeper of one of the first circulating libraries in
+London); and, incredible to say, Walpole was instantly 'drawn.' He
+despatched without delay to his unknown Bristol correspondent such
+a courteous note as he might have addressed to Zouch or Ducarel,
+expressing interest, curiosity, and a desire for further particulars.
+Chatterton as promptly rejoined, forwarding more extracts from
+the Rowley poems. But he also, from Walpole's recollection of his
+letter, in part unbosomed himself, making revelation of his position
+as a widow's son and lawyer's apprentice, who had 'a taste and turn
+for more elegant studies,' which inclinations, he suggested, his
+illustrious correspondent might enable him to gratify. Upon this,
+perhaps not unnaturally, Walpole's suspicions were aroused, the more
+so that Mason and Gray, to whom he showed the papers, declared them
+to be forgeries. He made, nevertheless, some private inquiry from an
+aristocratic relative at Bath as to Chatterton's antecedents, and found
+that, although his description of himself was accurate, no account of
+his character was forthcoming. He accordingly--he tells us--wrote him
+a letter 'with as much kindness and tenderness as if he had been his
+guardian,' recommending him to stick to his profession, and adding,
+by way of postscript, that judges, to whom the manuscripts had been
+submitted, were by no means thoroughly convinced of their antiquity.
+Two letters from Chatterton followed,--one (the first) dejected and
+seemingly acquiescent; the other, a week later, curtly demanding the
+restoration of his papers, the genuineness of which he re-affirmed.
+These communications Walpole, by his own account, either neglected
+to notice, or overlooked.[123] After an interval of some weeks
+arrived a final missive, the tone of which he regarded as 'singularly
+impertinent.' Snapping up both poems and letters in a pet, he scribbled
+a hasty reply, but, upon reconsideration, enclosed them to their writer
+without comment, and thought no more of him or them. It was not until
+about a year and a half afterwards that Goldsmith told him, at the
+first Royal Academy dinner, that Chatterton had come to London and
+destroyed himself,--an announcement which seems to have filled him
+with unaffected pity. 'Several persons of honour and veracity,' he
+says, 'were present when I first heard of his death, and will attest my
+surprise and concern.'[124]
+
+[123] He says he 'was going to Paris in a day or two.' But his memory
+must have deceived him, for Chatterton's last letter is dated July
+24th, 1769, and, according to Miss Berry, Walpole's visit to Paris
+lasted from the 18th August to the 5th October, 1769; and this is
+confirmed by his correspondence.
+
+[124] _Works_, 1798, iv. 219. In the above summary of the story we have
+relied by preference on the fairly established facts of the case, which
+is full of difficulties. The most plausible version of it, as well as
+the most fair to Walpole, is given in Prof. D. Wilson's _Chatterton_,
+1869.
+
+The apologists of the gifted and precocious Bristol boy, reading
+the above occurrences by the light of his deplorable end, have
+attributed to Walpole a more material part in his misfortunes than
+can justly be ascribed to him; and the first editor of Chatterton's
+_Miscellanies_ did not scruple to emphasize the current gossip, which
+represented Walpole as 'the primary cause of his [Chatterton's]
+dismal catastrophe,'[125]--an aspersion which drew from the Abbot of
+Strawberry the lengthy letter on the subject which was afterwards
+reprinted in his _Works_.[126] So long a vindication, if needed then,
+is scarcely needed now. Walpole, it is obvious, acted very much as he
+might have been expected to act. He had been imposed upon, and he was
+as much annoyed with himself as with the impostor. But he was not harsh
+enough to speak his mind frankly, nor benevolent enough to act the
+part of that rather rare personage, the ideal philanthropist. If he
+had behaved less like an ordinary man of the world; if he had obtained
+Chatterton's confidence, instead of lecturing him; if he had aided and
+counselled and protected him,--Walpole would have been different, and
+things might have been otherwise. As they were, upon the principle that
+'two of a trade can ne'er agree,' it is difficult to conceive of any
+abiding alliance between the author of the fabricated _Tragedy of Ælla_
+and the author of the fabricated _Castle of Otranto_.
+
+[125] An example of this is furnished by Miss Seward's
+_Correspondence_. 'Do not expect [she writes] that I can learn to
+esteem that fastidious and unfeeling being, to whose insensibility we
+owe the extinction of the greatest poetic luminary [Chatterton], if we
+may judge from the brightness of its dawn, that ever rose in our, or
+perhaps in any other, hemisphere' (_Seward to Hardinge_, 21 Nov., 1787).
+
+[126] _Works_, 1798, iv. 205-45. See also Bibliographical Appendix to
+this volume.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+ Old Friends and New.--Walpole's Nieces.--Mrs. Damer.--Progress
+ of Strawberry Hill.--Festivities and Later Improvements.--_A
+ Description_, etc., 1774.--The House and Approaches.--Great Parlour,
+ Waiting Room, China Room, and Yellow Bedchamber.--Breakfast
+ Room.--Green Closet and Blue Bedchamber.--Armoury and Library.--Red
+ Bedchamber, Holbein Chamber, and Star Chamber.--Gallery.--Round
+ Drawing Room and Tribune.--Great North Bedchamber.--Great Cloister
+ and Chapel.--Walpole on Strawberry.--Its Dampness.--A Drive from
+ Twickenham to Piccadilly.
+
+
+In 1774, when, according to its title-page, the _Description of
+Strawberry Hill_ was printed, Walpole was a man of fifty-seven. During
+the period covered by the last chapter, many changes had taken place
+in his circle of friends. Mann and George Montagu (until, in October,
+1770, his correspondence with the latter mysteriously ceased) were
+still the most frequent recipients of his letters, and next to these,
+Conway, and Cole the antiquary. But three of his former correspondents,
+his deaf neighbour at Marble Hill, Lady Suffolk,[127] Lady Hervey
+(Pope's and Chesterfield's Molly Lepel, to whom he had written much
+from Paris), and Gray, were dead. On the other hand, he had opened
+what promised to be a lengthy series of letters with Gray's friend and
+biographer, the Rev. William Mason, Rector of Aston, in Yorkshire;
+with Madame du Deffand; and with the divorced Duchess of Grafton, who
+in 1769 had married his Paris friend, John Fitzpatrick, second Earl
+of Upper Ossory. There were changes, too, among his own relatives. By
+this time his eldest brother's widow, Lady Orford, had lost her second
+husband, Sewallis Shirley, and was again living, not very reputably,
+on the Continent. Her son George, who since 1751 had been third Earl
+of Orford, and was still unmarried, was eminently unsatisfactory.
+He was shamelessly selfish, and by way of complicating the family
+embarrassments, had taken to the turf. Ultimately he had periodical
+attacks of insanity, during which time it fell to Walpole's fate to
+look after his affairs. With Sir Edward Walpole, his second brother, he
+seems never to have been on terms of real cordiality; but he made no
+secret of his pride in his beautiful nieces, Edward Walpole's natural
+daughters, whose charms and amiability had victoriously triumphed
+over every prejudice which could have been entertained against their
+birth. Laura, who was the eldest, had married a brother of the Earl of
+Albemarle, subsequently created Bishop of Exeter; Charlotte, the third,
+became Lady Huntingtower, and afterwards Countess of Dysart; while
+Maria, the _belle_ of the trio, was more fortunate still. After burying
+her first husband, Lord Waldegrave, she had succeeded in fascinating H.
+R. H. William Henry, Duke of Gloucester, the King's own brother, and
+so contributing to bring about the Royal Marriage Act of 1772. They
+were married in 1766; but the fact was not formally announced to His
+Majesty until September, 1772.[128] Another marriage which must have
+given Walpole almost as much pleasure was that of General Conway's
+daughter to Mr. Damer, Lord Milton's eldest son, which took place in
+1767. After the unhappy death of her husband, who shot himself in a
+tavern ten years later, Mrs. Damer developed considerable talents as a
+sculptor, and during the last years of Walpole's life was a frequent
+exhibitor at the Royal Academy. _Non me Praxiteles finxit, at Anna
+Damer_, wrote her admiring relative under one of her works, a wounded
+eagle in terra-cotta;[129] and in the fourth volume of the _Anecdotes
+of Painting_, he likens 'her shock dog, large as life,' to such
+masterpieces of antique art as the Tuscan boar and the Barberini goat.
+
+[127] Henrietta Hobart, Countess Dowager of Suffolk, died in July,
+1767. Her portrait by Charles Jervas, with Marble Hill in the
+background, hung in the Green Bed-chamber in the Round Tower at
+Strawberry. It once belonged to Pope, who left it to Martha Blount; and
+it is engraved as the frontispiece of vol. ii. of Cunningham's edition
+of the _Letters_.
+
+[128] 'The Duke of Gloucester'--wrote Gilly Williams to Selwyn, as
+far back as December, 1764--'has professed a passion for the Dowager
+Waldegrave. He is never from her elbow. This flatters Horry Walpole not
+a little, though he pretends to dislike it.'
+
+[129] The idea was borrowed from an inscription upon a statue at Milan:
+'Non me Praxiteles, sed Marcus finxit Agrati!'
+
+It is time, however, to return to the story of Strawberry itself,
+as interrupted in Chapter V. In the introduction to Walpole's
+_Description_ of 1774, a considerable interval occurs between the
+building of the Refectory and Library in 1753-4, and the subsequent
+erection of the Gallery, Round Tower, Great Cloister, and Cabinet, or
+Tribune, which, already in contemplation in 1759, were, according to
+the same authority, erected in 1760 and 1761. But here, as before,
+the date must rather be that of the commencement than the completion
+of these additions. In May, 1763, he tells Cole that the Gallery is
+fast advancing, and in July it is almost 'in the critical minute of
+consummation.' In August, 'all the earth is begging to come to see
+it.' A month afterwards, he is 'keeping an inn; the sign, "The Gothic
+Castle."' His whole time is passed in giving tickets of admission to
+the Gallery, and hiding himself when it is on view. 'Take my advice,'
+he tells Montagu, 'never build a charming house for yourself between
+London and Hampton-court; everybody will live in it but you.' A year
+later he is giving a great fête to the French and Spanish Ambassadors,
+March, Selwyn, Lady Waldegrave, and other distinguished guests, which
+finishes in the new room. 'During dinner there were French horns and
+clarionets in the cloister,' and after coffee the guests were treated
+'with a syllabub milked under the cows that were brought to the brow
+of the terrace. Thence they went to the Printing-house, and saw a new
+fashionable French song printed. They drank tea in the Gallery, and at
+eight went away to Vauxhall.'
+
+This last entertainment, the munificence of which, he says, the
+treasury of the Abbey will feel, took place in June, 1764; and it
+is not until four years later that we get tidings of any fresh
+improvements. In September, 1768, he tells Cole that he is going on
+with the Round Tower, or Chamber, at the end of the Gallery, which, in
+another letter, he says 'has stood still these five years,' and he is,
+besides, '_playing_ with the little garden on the other side of the
+road' which had come into his hands by Francklin's death. In May of the
+following year he gives another magnificent _festino_ at Strawberry,
+which will almost mortgage it, but the Round Tower still progresses.
+In October, 1770, he is building again, in the intervals of gout; this
+time it is the Great Bedchamber,--a 'sort of room which he seems likely
+to inhabit much time together.' Next year the whole piecemeal structure
+is rapidly verging to completion. 'The Round Tower is finished, and
+magnificent; and the State Bedchamber proceeds fast.' In June he is
+writing to Mann from the delicious bow window of the former, with
+Vasari's Bianca Capello (Mann's present) over against him, and the
+setting sun behind, 'throwing its golden rays all round.' Further
+on, he is building a tiny brick chapel in the garden, mainly for the
+purpose of receiving 'two valuable pieces of antiquity,'--one being a
+painted window from Bexhill of Henry III. and his Queen, given him by
+Lord Ashburnham; the other Cavalini's Tomb of Capoccio from the Church
+of Santa Maria Maggiore at Rome, which had been sent to him by Sir
+William (then Mr.) Hamilton, the English Minister at Naples. In August,
+1772, the Great Bedchamber is finished, the house is complete, and he
+has 'at last exhausted all his hoards and collections.' Nothing remains
+but to compile the _Description and Catalogue_, concerning which he had
+written to Cole as far back as 1768, and which, as already stated, he
+ultimately printed in 1774.
+
+As time went on, his fresh acquisitions obliged him to add several
+_Appendices_ to this issue; and the copy before us, although dated
+1774, has supplements which bring the record down to 1786. A fresh
+edition, in royal quarto, with twenty-seven plates, was printed in
+1784;[130] and this, or an expansion of it, reappears in vol. ii. of
+his _Works_. With these later issues we have little to do; but with the
+aid of that of 1774, may essay to give some brief account of the long,
+straggling, many-pinnacled building, with its round tower at the end,
+the east and south fronts of which are figured in the black-looking
+vignette upon the title-page. The entrance was on the north side, from
+the Teddington and Twickenham road, here shaded by lofty trees; and
+once within the embattled boundary wall, covered by this time with ivy,
+the first thing that struck the spectator was a small oratory inclosed
+by iron rails, with saint, altar, niches, and holy-water basins
+designed _en suite_ by Mr. Chute. On the right hand--its gaily-coloured
+patches of flower-bed glimmering through a screen of iron work copied
+from the tomb of Roger Niger, Bishop of London, in old St. Paul's--was
+the diminutive Abbot's, or Prior's, Garden, which extended in front of
+the offices to the right of the principal entrance.[131] This was along
+a little cloister to the left, beyond the oratory. The chief decoration
+of this cloister was a marble _bas-relief_, inscribed 'Dia Helionora,'
+being, in fact, a portrait of that Leonora D'Esté who turned the head
+of Tasso. At the end was the door, which opened into 'a small gloomy
+hall' united with the staircase, the balustrades of which, designed
+by Bentley, were decorated with antelopes, the Walpole supporters.
+In the well of the staircase was a Gothic lantern of japanned tin,
+also due to Bentley's fertile invention. If, instead of climbing the
+stairs, you turned out of the hall into a little passage on your left,
+you found yourself in the Refectory, or Great Parlour, where were
+accumulated the family portraits. Here, over the chimney-piece, was the
+'conversation,' by Sir Joshua Reynolds, representing the triumvirate
+of Selwyn, Williams, and Lord Edgcumbe, already referred to at p. 138;
+here also were Sir Robert Walpole and his two wives, Catherine Shorter
+and Maria Skerret; Robert Walpole the second, and his wife in a white
+riding-habit; Horace himself by Richardson; Dorothy Walpole, his aunt,
+who became Lady Townshend;[132] his sister, Lady Maria Churchill; and
+a number of others. In the Waiting Room, into which the Refectory
+opened, was a stone head of John Dryden, whom Catherine Shorter claimed
+as great-uncle; next to this again was the China Closet, neatly lined
+with blue and white Dutch tiles, and having its ceiling painted by
+Müntz, after a villa at Frascati, with convolvuluses on poles. In the
+China Room, among great stores of Sèvres and Chelsea, and oriental
+china, perhaps the greatest curiosity was a couple of Saxon tankards,
+exactly alike in form and size, which had been presented to Sir Robert
+Walpole at different times by the mistresses of the first two Georges,
+the Duchess of Kendal and the Countess of Yarmouth. To the left of the
+China Closet, with a bow window looking to the south, was the Little
+Parlour, which was hung with stone-coloured 'gothic paper' in imitation
+of mosaic, and decorated with the 'wooden prints' already referred to,
+the chiaroscuros of Jackson;[133] and at the side of this came the
+Yellow Bedchamber, known later, from its numerous feminine portraits,
+as the Beauty Room. The other spaces on the ground floor were occupied,
+towards the Prior's Garden, by the kitchen, cellars, and servants'
+hall, and, at the back, by the Great Cloister, which went under the
+Gallery.
+
+[130] From a passage in a letter of 15 Sept., 1787, to Lady Ossory,
+it appears that this, though printed, was withheld, on account of
+certain difficulties caused by the over-weening curiosity of Walpole's
+'customers' (as he called them), the visitors to Strawberry. According
+to the sheet of regulations for visiting the house, it was to be seen
+between the 1st of May and the 1st of October. Children were not
+admitted; and only one company of four on one day.
+
+[131] 'It is not much larger than an old lady's flower-knot in
+Bloomsbury,' said Lady Morgan in 1826.
+
+[132] See p. 6.
+
+[133] See p. 117 n.
+
+[Illustration:
+
+  A Great Parlour or Refectory.
+  B Waiting Room.
+  C China Room.
+  D Little Parlour.
+  E Yellow Bedchamber.
+  F Hall.
+  G Pantry.
+  H Servants' Hall.
+  I Passage.
+  K Great Cloister.
+  L Wine Cellar.
+  M Beer Cellar.
+  N Kitchen.
+  O Oratory.
+
+STRAWBERRY HILL: GROUND PLAN--1781.]
+
+Returning to the staircase, where, in later years, hung Bunbury's
+original drawing[134] for his well-known caricature of 'Richmond
+Hill,' you entered the Breakfast Room on the first floor, the window
+of which looked towards the Thames. It was pleasantly furnished with
+blue paper, and blue and white linen, and contained many miniatures
+and portraits, notable among which were Carmontel's picture of Madame
+du Deffand and the Duchess de Choiseul;[135] a print of Madame du
+Deffand's room and cats, given by the President Hénault; and a view
+painted by Raguenet for Walpole in 1766 of the Hôtel de Carnavalet, the
+former residence of Madame de Sévigné.[136]
+
+[134] It was exhibited in the Royal Academy of 1781, and was
+Bunbury's acknowledgment of the praise given him by Walpole in the
+'Advertisement' to the fourth volume of the _Anecdotes of Painting_,
+1 Oct., 1780. A copy of it was shown at the Exhibition of English
+Humourists in Art, June, 1889.
+
+[135] In a note to Madame du Deffand's _Letters_, 1810, i. 201, the
+editor, Miss Berry, thus describes this picture: It was 'a washed
+drawing of Mad. la Duchesse de Choiseul and Mad. du Deffand, under
+their assumed characters of grandmother and granddaughter; Mad. de
+Choiseul giving Mad. du Deffand a doll. The scene the interior of
+Mad. du Deffand's sitting-room. It was done by M. de Carmontel, an
+amateur in the art of painting. He was reader to the Prince of Condé,
+and author of several little Theatrical pieces.' It is engraved as
+the frontispiece of vol. vii. of Walpole's _Letters_, by Cunningham,
+1857-59. Mad. du Deffand's portrait was said to be extremely like; that
+of the Duchess was not good.
+
+[136] 'It is now the Musée Carnavalet, and contains numberless
+souvenirs of the Revolution, notably a collection of china plates,
+bearing various dates, designs, and inscriptions applicable to the
+Reign of Terror' (_Century_ _Magazine_, Feb., 1890, p. 600). A washed
+drawing of Madame de Sévigné's country house at Les Rochers, 'done on
+the spot by Mr. Hinchcliffe, son of the Bishop of Peterborough, in
+1786,' was afterwards added to this room.
+
+The Breakfast Room opened into the Green Closet, over the door of which
+was a picture by Samuel Scott of Pope's house at Twickenham, showing
+the wings added after the poet's death by Sir William Stanhope. On
+the same side of the room hung Hogarth's portrait of Sarah Malcolm
+the murderess, painted at Newgate a day or two before her execution
+in Fleet Street.[137] Here also was 'Mr. Thomas Gray; etched from his
+shade [silhouette]; by Mr. W. Mason.' There were many other portraits
+in this room, besides some water colours on ivory by Horace himself.
+In a line with the Green Closet, and looking east, was the Library;
+and at the back of it, the Blue Bedchamber, the toilette of which was
+worked by Mrs. Clive, who, since her retirement from the stage in 1769,
+had lived wholly at Twickenham. The chief pictures in this room were
+Eckardt's portraits of Gray in a Vandyke dress and of Walpole himself
+in similar attire.[138] There were also by the same artist pictures of
+Walpole's father and mother, and of General Conway and his wife, Lady
+Ailesbury.
+
+[137] Both these pictures are in existence. The Scott belongs to Lady
+Freake, and was exhibited in the Pope Loan Museum of 1888.
+
+[138] Both these are engraved in Cunningham's edition of the _Letters_,
+the former in vol. iv., p. 465, the latter in vol. ix., p. 529.
+
+Facing the Blue Bedchamber was the Armoury, a vestibule of three Gothic
+arches, in the left-hand corner of which was the door opening into the
+Library, a room twenty-eight feet by nineteen feet six, lighted by a
+large window looking to the east, and by two smaller rose-windows at
+the sides. The books, arranged in Gothic arches of pierced work, went
+all round it. The chimney-piece was imitated from the tomb of John of
+Eltham in Westminster Abbey, and the stone work from another tomb at
+Canterbury. Over the chimney-piece was a picture (which is engraved in
+the _Anecdotes of Painting_) representing the marriage of Henry VI.
+Walpole and Bentley had designed the ceiling,--a gorgeous heraldic
+medley surrounding a central Walpole shield. Above the bookcases
+were pictures. One of the greatest treasures of the room was a clock
+given by Henry VIII. to Anne Boleyn. Of the books it is impossible to
+speak in detail. Noticeable among them, however, was a Thuanus in
+fourteen volumes, a very extensive set of Hogarth's prints, and all
+the original drawings for the _Ædes Walpolianæ_. Vertue, Hollar, and
+Faithorne were also largely represented. Among special copies, were the
+identical _Iliad_ and _Odyssey_ from which Pope made his translations
+of Homer,[139] a volume containing Bentley's original designs for
+Gray's _Poems_, and a black morocco pocket-book of sketches by Jacques
+Callot. In a rosewood case in this room was also a fine collection of
+coins, which included the rare silver medal struck by Gregory XIII. on
+the Massacre of St. Bartholomew.
+
+[139] This was the Amsterdam edition of 1707, in 2 vols. 12mo.,
+inscribed 'E libris, A. Pope, 1714;' and lower down, 'Finished ye
+translation in Feb. 1719-20, A. Pope.' It also contained a pencil
+sketch by the poet of Twickenham Church.
+
+[Illustration:
+
+  A Round Drawing Room.
+  B Cabinet or Tribune.
+  C Great North Bedchamber.
+  D Gallery.
+  E Holbein Chamber.
+  F Library.
+  G Beauclerk Closet or Cabinet.
+  H Armoury.
+  I China Closets.
+  K Back Stairs.
+  L Passage.
+  M Star Chamber.
+  N Red Bedchamber.
+  O Blue Bedchamber.
+  P Breakfast Room.
+  Q Green Closet.
+
+STRAWBERRY HILL: PRINCIPAL FLOOR--1781.]
+
+Concerning the Red Bedchamber, the Star Chamber, and the Holbein
+Chamber, which intervened between the rest of the first floor and the
+latest additions, there is little to say. In the Red Bedchamber, the
+most memorable things (after the chintz bed on which Lord Orford died)
+were some pencil sketches of Pope and his parents by Cooper and the
+elder Richardson. In the Holbein Chamber, so called from a number of
+copies on oil-paper by Vertue from the drawings of Holbein in Queen
+Catherine's Closet at Kensington, were two of those 'curiosities' which
+represent the Don Saltero, or Madame Tussaud, side of Strawberry, viz.,
+a tortoise-shell comb studded with silver hearts and roses which was
+said to have belonged to Mary, Queen of Scots, and (later) the red
+hat of Cardinal Wolsey. The pedigree of the hat, it must, however, be
+admitted, was unimpeachable. It had been found in the great wardrobe by
+Bishop Burnet when Clerk of the Closet. From him it passed to his son
+the Judge (author of that curious squib on Harley known as the _History
+of Robert Powel the Puppet-Show-Man_), and thence to the Countess
+Dowager of Albemarle, who gave it to Walpole. A carpet in this room
+was worked by Mrs. Clive, who seems to have been a most industrious
+decorator of her friend's mansion museum.[140] The Star Chamber was but
+an ante-room powdered with gold stars in mosaic, the chief glory of
+which was a stone bust of Henry VII. by Torregiano.
+
+[140] Walpole wrote an epilogue--not a very good one--for Mrs. Clive
+when she quitted the stage; and in the same year, 1769, the _Town and
+Country Magazine_ linked their names in its '_Tête-à-Têtes_' as 'Mrs.
+Heidelberg' (Clive's part in the _Clandestine Marriage_) and 'Baron
+Otranto' (a name under which Chatterton subsequently satirized Walpole
+in this identical periodical). See _Memoirs of a Sad Dog_, Pt. 2, July,
+1770.
+
+With these three rooms, the first floor of Strawberry, as it existed
+previous to the erection of the additions mentioned in the beginning
+of this chapter,--namely, the Gallery, the Round Tower, the Tribune,
+and the Great North Bedchamber,--came to an end. But it was in these
+newer parts of the house that some of its rarest objects of art were
+assembled. The Gallery, which was entered from a gloomy little passage
+in front of the Holbein Chamber, was a really spacious room, fifty-six
+feet by thirteen, and lighted from the south by five high windows.
+Between these were tables laden with busts, bronzes, and urns; on the
+opposite side, fronting the windows, were recesses, finished with gold
+network over looking-glass, between which stood couch-seats, covered,
+like the rest of the room, with crimson Norwich damask. The ceiling was
+copied from one of the side aisles of Henry VII.'s Chapel; the great
+door at the western end, which led into the Round Tower, was taken
+from the north door of St. Albans. A long carpet, made at Moorfields,
+traversed the room from end to end. In one of the recesses--that to the
+left of the chimney-piece, which was designed by Mr. Chute and Mr.
+Thomas Pitt of Boconnoc,--stood one of the finest surviving pieces of
+Greek sculpture, the Boccapadugli eagle, found in the precinct of the
+Baths of Caracalla,--a _chef-d'œuvre_ from which Gray is said to have
+borrowed the 'ruffled plumes, and flagging wing' of the _Progress of
+Poesy_; to the right was a noble bust in basalt of Vespasian, which
+had been purchased from the Ottoboni collection. Of the pictures it
+is impossible to speak at large; but two of the most notable were Sir
+George Villiers, the father of the Duke of Buckingham, and Mabuse's
+_Marriage of Henry VII. and Elizabeth of York_. Of Walpole's own
+relatives, there were portraits by Ramsay of his nieces, Mrs. Keppel
+(the Bishop's wife) and Lady Dysart, and of the Duchess of Gloucester
+(then Lady Waldegrave) by Reynolds. There were also portraits of Henry
+Fox, Lord Holland, of George Montagu, of Lord Waldegrave, and of
+Horace's uncle, Lord Walpole of Wolterton.[141]
+
+[141] Horatio, brother of Sir Robert Walpole, created Baron Walpole of
+Wolterton in 1756. He died in 1757. His _Memoirs_ were published by
+Coxe in 1802.
+
+Issuing through the great door of the Gallery, and passing on the
+left a glazed closet containing a quantity of china which had once
+belonged to Walpole's mother, a couple of steps brought you into the
+pleasant Drawing Room in the Round Tower, the bow window of which,
+already mentioned, looked to the south-west. Like the Gallery, this
+room was hung with Norwich damask. Its chief glory was the picture of
+Bianca Capello, of which Walpole had written to Mann. To the left of
+this room, at the back of the Gallery, and consequently in the front
+of the house, was the Cabinet, or Tribune, a curious square chamber
+with semicircular recesses, in two of which, to the north and west,
+were stained windows. In the roof, which was modelled on the chapter
+house at York, was a star of yellow glass throwing a soft golden glow
+over all the room. Here Walpole had amassed his choicest treasures,
+miniatures by Oliver and Cooper, enamels by Petitot and Zincke,[142]
+bronzes from Italy, ivory bas-reliefs, seal-rings and reliquaries,
+caskets and cameos and filigree work. Here, with Madame du Deffand's
+letter inside it,[143] was the 'round white snuff-box' with Madame de
+Sévigné's portrait; here, carven with masks and flies and grasshoppers,
+was Cellini's silver bell from the Leonati Collection, at Parma, a
+masterpiece against which he had exchanged all his collection of Roman
+coins with the Marquis of Rockingham. A bronze bust of Caligula with
+silver eyes; a missal with reputed miniatures by Raphael; a dagger of
+Henry VIII.,[144] and a mourning ring given at the burial of Charles
+I.,--were among the other show objects of the Tribune, the riches of
+which occupy more space in their owner's Catalogue than any other part
+of his collections.
+
+[142] 'The chief boast of my collection,' he told Pinkerton, 'is
+the portraits of eminent and remarkable persons, particularly the
+miniatures and enamels; which, so far as I can discover, are superior
+to any other collection whatever. The works I possess of Isaac and
+Peter Oliver are the best extant; and those I bought in Wales for 300
+guineas [_i.e._, the Digby Family, in the Breakfast Room] are as well
+preserved as when they came from the pencil (_Walpoliana_, ii. 157).
+
+[143] It is printed in both the Catalogues.
+
+[144] At the sale in 1842, King Henry's dagger was purchased for
+£54 12_s._ by Charles Kean the actor, who also became the fortunate
+possessor, for £21, of Cardinal Wolsey's hat.
+
+With the Great North Bedchamber, which adjoined the Tribune, and
+filled the remaining space at the back of the Gallery, the account of
+Strawberry Hill, as it existed in 1774, comes to an end; for the Green
+Chamber in the Round Tower over the Drawing Room, and 'Mr. Walpole's
+Bedchamber, two pair of stairs' (which contained the Warrant for
+beheading King Charles I., inscribed 'Major Charta,' so often referred
+to by Walpole's biographers),[145] may be dismissed without further
+notice. The Beauclerk Closet, a later addition, will be described in
+its proper place. Over the chimney-piece in the Great North Bedchamber
+was a large picture of Henry VIII. and his children, a recent purchase,
+afterwards remanded to the staircase to make room for a portrait of
+Catherine of Braganza, sent from Portugal previous to her marriage
+with Charles II. Fronting the bed was a head of Niobe, by Guido,
+which in its turn subsequently made way for _la belle Jennings_.[146]
+Among the pictures on the north or window side of the room was the
+original sketch by Hogarth of the _Beggar's Opera_, which Walpole had
+purchased at the sale of Rich, the fortunate manager who produced Gay's
+masterpiece at Lincoln's Inn Fields. It was exhibited at Manchester
+in 1857, being then the property of Mr. Willett, who had bought it
+at the Strawberry Hill sale of 1842. Another curious oil painting in
+this room was the _Rehearsal of an Opera_ by the Riccis, which included
+caricature portraits of Nicolini (of _Spectator_ celebrity), of the
+famous Mrs. Catherine Tofts, and of Margherita de l'Epine. In a nook
+by the window there was a glazed china closet, with a number of minor
+curiosities, among which were conspicuous the speculum of cannel coal
+with which Dr. Dee was in the habit of gulling his votaries,[147] and
+an agate puncheon with Gray's arms which his executors had presented to
+Walpole.
+
+[145] Here is his own reference to this, in a letter to Montagu of 14
+Oct., 1756: 'The only thing I have done that can compose a paragraph,
+and which I think you are Whig enough to forgive me, is, that on
+each side of my bed I have hung MAGNA CHARTA, and the Warrant for
+King Charles's execution, on which I have written Major Charta; as I
+believe, without the latter, the former by this time would be of very
+little importance.'
+
+[146] See p. 7 n.
+
+[147] 'Dr Dee's black stone was named in the catalogue of the
+collection of the Earls of Peterborough, whence it went to Lady Betty
+Germaine. She gave it to the last Duke of Argyle, and his son, Lord
+Frederic, to me' (_Walpole to Lady Ossory_, 12 Jan., 1782)
+
+
+A few external objects claim a word. In the Great Cloister under the
+Gallery was the blue and white china tub in which had taken place
+that tragedy of the 'pensive Selima' referred to at p. 135 as having
+prompted the muse of Gray.[148] The Chapel in the Garden has already
+been sufficiently described.[149] In the Flower Garden across the road
+was a cottage which Walpole had erected upon the site of the building
+once occupied by Francklin the printer, and which he used as a place of
+refuge when the tide of sight-seers became overpowering. It included a
+Tea Room, containing a fair collection of china, and hung with green
+paper and engravings, and a little white and green Library, of which
+the principal ornament was a half-length portrait of Milton.[150] A
+portrait of Lady Hervey, by Allan Ramsay, was afterwards added to its
+decorations.[151]
+
+[148] This was afterwards moved to the Little Cloister at the entrance,
+where it appears in the later Catalogue. At the sale of 1842 the bowl,
+with its Gothic pedestal, was purchased by the Earl of Derby for £42.
+
+[149] Not far from the Chapel was 'a large seat in the form of a shell,
+carved in oak from a design by Mr. Bentley.' It must have been roomy,
+for in 1759 the Duchesses of Hamilton and Richmond, and Lady Ailesbury
+(the last two, daughter and mother), occupied it together. 'There never
+was so pretty a sight as to see them all three sitting in the shell,'
+says the delighted Abbot of Strawberry. (_Walpole to Montagu_, 2 June.)
+
+[150] In a note to the obituary notice of Walpole in the _Gentleman's
+Magazine_ for March, 1797, p. 260, it is stated that this library was
+'formed of all the publications during the reigns of the three Georges,
+or Mr. W.'s own time.'
+
+[151] This was exhibited at South Kensington in 1867 by Viscount
+Lifford, and is now (1892) at Austin House, Broadway, Worcester.
+
+Many objects of interest, as must be obvious, have remained undescribed
+in the foregoing account, and those who seek for further information
+concerning what its owner called his 'paper fabric and assemblage of
+curious trifles' must consult either the Catalogue of 1774 itself,
+or that later and definitive version of it which is reprinted in
+Volume II. of the _Works_ (pp. 393-516). The intention in the main has
+here been to lay stress upon those articles which bear most directly
+upon Walpole's biography. It will also be observed that, during the
+prolonged progress of the house towards completion, his experience and
+his views considerably enlarged, and the pettiness and artificiality
+of his first improvements disappeared. The house never lost, and
+never could lose, its invertebrate character; but the Gallery, the
+Round Tower, and the North Bedchamber were certainly conceived in
+a more serious and even spacious spirit of Gothicism than any of
+the early additions. That it must, still, have been confined and
+needlessly gloomy, may be allowed; but as a set-off to some of those
+accounts which insist so pertinaciously upon its 'paltriness,' its
+'architectural solecisms,' and its lack of beauty and sublimity, it is
+only fair to recall a few sentences from the preface which its owner
+prefixed to the _Description_ of 1784. It was designed, he says of the
+Catalogue, to exhibit 'specimens of Gothic architecture, as collected
+from standards in cathedrals and chapel-tombs,' and to show 'how
+they may be applied to chimney-pieces, ceilings, windows, balustrades,
+loggias, etc.' Elsewhere he characterizes the building itself as
+candidly as any of its critics. He admits its diminutive scale and
+its unsubstantial character (he calls it himself, as we have seen, a
+'paper fabric'), and he confesses to the incongruities arising from
+an antique design and modern decorations. 'In truth,' he concludes,
+'I did not mean to make my house so Gothic as to exclude convenience,
+and modern refinements in luxury.... It was built to please my own
+taste, and in some degree to realize my own visions. I have specified
+what it contains; could I describe the gay but tranquil scene where it
+stands, and add the beauty of the landscape to the romantic cast of the
+mansion, it would raise more pleasing sensations than a dry list of
+curiosities can excite,--at least the prospect would recall the good
+humour of those who might be disposed to condemn the fantastic fabric,
+and to think it a very proper habitation of, as it was the scene that
+inspired, the author of the _Castle of Otranto_.'[152] As one of his
+censors has remarked, this tone disarms criticism; and it is needless
+to accumulate proofs of peculiarities which are not denied by the
+person most concerned.
+
+[152] _Works_, 1798, ii. 395-98.
+
+In spite of its charming situation, Strawberry Hill was emphatically
+a summer residence; and there is more than one account in Walpole's
+letters of the sudden floods which, when Thames flowed with a
+fuller tide than now, occasionally surprised the inhabitants of the
+pleasant-looking villas along its banks. It was decidedly damp, and
+its gouty owner had sometimes to quit it precipitately for Arlington
+Street, where, he says, 'after an hour,' he revives, 'like a member
+of parliament's wife.' His best editor, Mr. Peter Cunningham, whose
+knowledge as an antiquary was unrivalled,--for was he not the author
+of the _Handbook of London_?--has amused himself, in an odd corner of
+one of his prefaces, by retracing the route taken in these townward
+flights. The extract is so packed with suggestive memories that no
+excuse is needed for reproducing it (with a few now necessary notes) as
+the tail-piece of the present chapter.
+
+'At twelve his [Walpole's] light bodied chariot was at the door, with
+his English coachman and his Swiss valet [Philip Colomb].... In a few
+minutes he left Lord Radnor's villa to the right, rolled over the
+grotto of Pope, saw on his left Whitton, rich with recollections of
+Kneller and Argyll, passed Gumley House, one of the country seats of
+his father's opponent and his own friend, Pulteney, Earl of Bath, and
+Kendal House,[153] the retreat of the mistress of George I., Ermengard
+de Schulenburg, Duchess of Kendal. At Sion, the princely seat of the
+Percys, the Seymours, and the Smithsons, he turned into the Hounslow
+Road, left Sion on his right, and Osterly, not unlike Houghton, on his
+left, and rolled through Brentford,--
+
+  "Brentford, the Bishopric of Parson Horne,"[154]
+
+then, as now, infamous for its dirty streets, and famous for its
+white-legged chickens.[155] Quitting Brentford, he approached the woods
+that concealed the stately mansion of Gunnersbury, built by Inigo Jones
+and Webb, and then inhabited by the Princess Amelia, the last surviving
+child of King George II.[156] Here he was often a visitor, and seldom
+returned without being a winner at silver loo. At the Pack Horse[157]
+on Turnham Green he would, when the roads were heavy, draw up for a
+brief bait. Starting anew, he would pass a few red brick houses on
+both sides, then the suburban villas of men well to do in the Strand
+and Charing Cross. At Hammersmith, he would leave the church[158] on
+his right, call on Mr. Fox at Holland House, look at Campden House,
+with recollections of Sir Baptist Hickes,[159] and not without an
+ill-suppressed wish to transfer some little part of it to his beloved
+Strawberry. He was now at Kensington Church, then, as it still is, an
+ungraceful structure,[160] but rife with associations which he would
+at times relate to the friend he had with him. On his left he would
+leave the gates of Kensington Palace, rich with reminiscences connected
+with his father and the first Hanoverian kings of this country. On
+his right he would quit the red brick house in which the Duchess of
+Portsmouth lived,[161] and after a drive of half a mile (skirting a
+heavy brick wall), reach Kingston House,[162] replete with stories of
+Elizabeth Chudleigh, the bigamist maid of honour, and Duchess-Countess
+of Kingston and Bristol. At Knightsbridge (even then the haunt of
+highwaymen less gallant than Maclean) he passed on his left the little
+chapel[163] in which his father was married. At Hyde Park Corner he
+saw the Hercules Pillars ale-house of Fielding and Tom Jones,[164] and
+at one door from Park Lane would occasionally call on old "Q" for the
+sake of Selwyn, who was often there.[165] The trees which now grace
+Piccadilly were in the Green Park in Walpole's day; they can recollect
+Walpole, and that is something. On his left, the sight of Coventry
+House[166] would remind him of the Gunnings, and he would tell his
+friend the story of the "beauties;" with which (short story-teller as
+he was) he had not completed when the chariot turned into Arlington
+Street on the right, or down Berkeley Street into Berkeley Square, on
+the left.'[167] In these last lines Mr. Cunningham anticipates our
+story, for in 1774, Walpole had not yet taken up his residence in
+Berkeley Square.
+
+[153] Kendal House now no longer exists.
+
+[154] _An Heroic Epistle to Sir William Chambers_, _Knight_, 1773.
+
+[155]
+
+                  '---- _Brandford's_ tedious town,
+    For dirty streets, and white-leg'd chickens known.'
+
+  Gay's _Journey to Exeter_.
+
+
+[156] Gunnersbury House (or Park), a new structure, now belongs to Lord
+Rothschild.
+
+[157] The Old Pack Horse, somewhat modernized by red-brick additions,
+still (1892) stands at the corner of Turnham Green. It is mentioned in
+the _London Gazette_ as far back as 1697. The sign, a common one for
+posting inns in former days, is on the opposite side of the road.
+
+[158] Hammersmith church was rebuilt in 1882-3.
+
+[159] Sir Baptist Hickes, once a mercer in Cheapside, and afterwards
+Viscount Campden, erected it _circa_ 1612. At the time to which
+Mr. Cunningham is supposed to refer, it was a famous ladies'
+boarding-school, kept by a Mrs. Terry, and patronized by Selwyn and
+Lady Di. Beauclerk.
+
+[160] The (with all due deference to the writer) quaint and picturesque
+old church of St. Mary the Virgin, in Kensington High Street, at which
+Macaulay, in his later days, was a regular attendant, gave way, in
+1869, to a larger and more modern edifice by Sir Gilbert Scott, R.A.
+
+[161] Old Kensington House, as it was called, has also been pulled
+down. One of its inmates, long after the days of 'Madam Carwell,' was
+Elizabeth Inchbald, the author of _A Simple Story_, who died there in
+1821.
+
+[162] Now Lord Listowel's. It stands near the Prince's Gate into Hyde
+Park.
+
+[163] Restored and remodelled in 1861, and now the Church of the Holy
+Trinity.
+
+[164] The Hercules Pillars, where Squire Western put up his horses when
+he came to town, stood just east of Apsley House, 'on the site of what
+is now the pavement opposite Lord Willoughby's.'
+
+[165] The Duke of Queensberry's house afterwards became 138 and 139
+Piccadilly.
+
+[166] This is No. 106,--the present St. James's Club. It was built in
+1764 by George, sixth Earl of Coventry, some years after the death of
+his first wife, the elder Miss Gunning.
+
+[167] _Letters_, by Cunningham, 1857-9, ix. xx.-xxi.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+ Occupations and Correspondence.--Literary Work.--Jephson and
+ the Stage.--_Nature will Prevail._--Issues from the Strawberry
+ Press.--Fourth Volume of the _Anecdotes of Painting_.--The Beauclerk
+ Tower and Lady Di.--George, third Earl of Orford.--Sale of the
+ Houghton Pictures.--Moves to Berkeley Square.--Last Visit to Madame
+ du Deffand.--Her Death.--Themes for Letters.--Death of Sir Horace
+ Mann.--Pinkerton, Madame de Genlis, Miss Burney, Hannah More.--Mary
+ and Agnes Berry.--Their Residence at Twickenham.--Becomes fourth Earl
+ of Orford.--_Epitaphium vivi Auctoris._--The Berrys again.--Death of
+ Marshal Conway.--Last Letter to Lady Ossory.--Dies at Berkeley Square,
+ 2 March, 1797.--His Fortune and Will.--The Fate of Strawberry.
+
+
+After the completion of Strawberry Hill and the printing of the
+_Catalogue_, Walpole's life grows comparatively barren of events.
+There are still four volumes of his _Correspondence_, but they take
+upon them imperceptibly the nature of _nouvelles à la main_, and are
+less fruitful in personal traits. Between his books and his prints,
+his time passes agreeably, 'but will not do to relate.' Indeed, from
+this period until his death, in 1797, the most notable occurrences
+in his history are his friendship with the Miss Berry's in 1787-8,
+and his belated accession to he Earldom of Orford. Both at Strawberry
+and Arlington Street, his increasing years and his persistent malady
+condemn him more and more to seclusion and retirement. He is most at
+Strawberry, despite its dampness, for in the country he holds 'old,
+useless people ought to live.' 'If you were not to be in London,' he
+tells Lady Ossory in April, 1774, 'the spring advances so charmingly, I
+think I should scarce go thither. One is frightened with the inundation
+of breakfasts and balls that are coming on. Every one is engaged
+to everybody for the next three weeks, and if one must hunt for a
+needle, I had rather look for it in a bottle of hay in the country
+than in a crowd.' 'By age and situation,' he writes from Strawberry
+in September, 'at this time of the year I live with nothing but old
+women. They do very well for me, who have little choice left, and who
+rather prefer common nonsense to wise nonsense,--the only difference
+I know between old women and old men. I am out of all politics, and
+never think of elections, which I think I should hate even if I
+loved politics,--just as, if I loved tapestry I do not think I could
+talk over the manufacture of worsteds. Books I have almost done with
+too,--at least, read only such as nobody else would read. In short,
+my way of life is too insipid to entertain anybody but myself; and
+though I am always employed, I must own I think I have given up every
+thing in the world, only to be busy about the most arrant trifles.'
+His London life was not greatly different. 'How should I see or know
+anything?' he says a year later, apologizing for his dearth of news.
+'I seldom stir out of my house [at Arlington Street] before seven in
+the evening, see very few persons, and go to fewer places, make no new
+acquaintance, and have seen most of my old wear out. Loo at Princess
+Amelie's, loo at Lady Hertford's, are the capital events of my history,
+and a Sunday alone, at Strawberry, my chief entertainment. All this
+is far from gay; but as it neither gives me _ennui_, nor lowers my
+spirits, it is not uncomfortable, and I prefer it to being _déplacé_ in
+younger company.' Such is his account of his life in 1774-5, when he is
+nearing sixty, and it probably represents it with sufficient accuracy.
+But a trifling incident easily stirs him into unwonted vivacity. While
+he is protesting that he has nothing to say, his letters grow under
+his pen, and, almost as a necessary consequence of his leisure, they
+become more frequent and more copious. In the edition of Cunningham, up
+to September, 1774, they number fourteen hundred and fifty. Speaking
+roughly, this represents a period of nearly forty years. During the
+two-and-twenty years that remained to him, he managed to swell them by
+what was, proportionately, a far greater number. The last letter given
+by Cunningham is marked 2665; and this enumeration does not include
+a good many letters and fragments of letters belonging to this later
+period, which were published in 1865 in Miss Berry's _Journals and
+Correspondence_. Nevertheless, as stated above, they more and more
+assume what he somewhere calls 'their proper character of newspapers.'
+
+During the remainder of his life, they were his chief occupation, and
+his gout was seldom so severe but that he could make shift to scribble
+a line to his favourite correspondents, calling in his printer Kirgate
+as secretary in cases of extremity.[168] Of literature generally he
+professed to have taken final leave. 'I no longer care about fame,'
+he tells Mason in 1774; 'I have done being an author.' Nevertheless,
+the _Short Notes_ piously chronicle the production of more than one
+trifle, which are reprinted in his _Works_. When, in the above year,
+Lord Chesterfield's letters to his son were published, Walpole began
+a parody of that famous performance in a _Series of Letters from a
+Mother to a Daughter_, with the general title of the _New Whole Duty of
+Woman_. He grew tired of the idea too soon to enable us to judge what
+his success might have been with a subject which, in his hands, should
+have been diverting as a satire; for, although he was a warm admirer of
+Chesterfield's parts, as he had shown in his character of him in the
+_Royal and Noble Authors_, he was thoroughly alive to the assailable
+side of what he styles his 'impertinent institutes of education.'[169]
+Another work of this year was a reply to some remarks by Mr. Masters
+in the _Archæologia_ upon the old subject of the _Historic Doubts_,
+which calls for no further notice. But early in 1775 he was persuaded
+into writing an epilogue for the _Braganza_ of Captain Robert Jephson,
+a maiden tragedy of the _Venice Preserved_ order, which was produced at
+Drury Lane in February of that year, with considerable success. In a
+correspondence which ensued with the author, Walpole delivered himself
+of his views on tragedy for the benefit of Mr. Jephson, who acted upon
+them, but not (as his Mentor thought) with conspicuous success, in his
+next attempt, the _Law of Lombardy_. Jephson's third play, however, the
+_Count of Narbonne_, which was well received in 1781, had a natural
+claim upon Walpole's good opinion, since it was based upon the _Castle
+of Otranto_.[170] Besides the above letters on tragedy, Walpole wrote,
+'in 1775 and 1776,' a rather longer paper on comedy, which is printed
+with them in the second volume of his works (pp. 315-22). He held, as
+he says, 'a good comedy the _chef-d'œuvre_ of human genius;' and it
+is manifest that his keenest sympathies were on the side of comic art.
+His remarks upon Congreve are full of just appreciation. Yet, although
+he mentions the _School for Scandal_ (which, by the way, shows that he
+must have written rather later than the dates given above), he makes no
+reference to the most recent development, in _She Stoops to Conquer_,
+of the school of humour and character, and he seems rather to pose as
+the advocate of that genteel or sentimental comedy which Foote and
+Goldsmith and Sheridan had striven to drive from the English stage.
+When his prejudices are aroused, he is seldom a safe guide, and in
+addition to his personal contempt for Goldsmith,[171] that writer had
+irritated him by his reference to the Albemarle Street Club, to which
+many of his friends belonged. It was an additional offence that the
+'Miss Biddy [originally Miss Rachael] Buckskin' of the comedy was said
+to stand for Miss Rachael Lloyd, long housekeeper at Kensington Palace,
+and a member of the club well known both to himself and to Madame du
+Deffand.[172]
+
+[168] Kirgate, who will not be again mentioned, fared but ill at
+his master's decease, receiving no more than a legacy of £100,--a
+circumstance which Pinkerton darkly attributes to 'his modest merit'
+having been 'supplanted by intriguing impudence' (_Walpoliana_, i.
+xxiv). There is a portrait of him, engraved by William Collard, after
+Sylvester Harding, the Pall Mall miniature painter, who also wrote in
+1797 for Kirgate some verses in which he is made to speak of himself as
+'forlorn, neglected, and forgot.' He had an unique collection of the
+Strawberry Press issues, which was dispersed at his death, in 1810.
+
+[169] It was his good sense rather than his inclination that made him
+condemn one with whom he had many points of sympathy. Speaking of the
+quarrel of Johnson and Chesterfield, he says, 'The friendly patronage
+[_i. e._ of the earl] was returned with ungrateful rudeness by the
+proud pedant; and men smiled, without being surprised, at seeing a bear
+worry his dancing-master.'
+
+[170] 'Jephson's _Count of Narbonne_ has been more admired than any
+play I remember to have appeared these many years. It is still [Jan.,
+1782] acted with success to very full houses' (_Malone to Charlemont,
+Hist. MSS. Commission, 12th Rept., App._, Pt. x., 1891, p. 395). Malone
+wrote the epilogue.
+
+
+[171] 'Silly Dr. Goldsmith' he calls him to Cole in April, 1773.
+'Goldsmith was an idiot, with once or twice a fit of parts,' he says
+again to Mason in October, 1776.
+
+In the second of the letters to Mr. Jephson, Walpole refers to his
+own efforts at comedy, and implies that he had made attempts in this
+direction even before the tragedy of _The Mysterious Mother_. He had
+certainly the wit, and much of the gift of direct expression, which
+comedy requires. But nothing of these earlier essays appears to have
+survived, and the only dramatic effort included among his _Works_ (his
+tragedy excepted) is the little piece entitled _Nature will Prevail_,
+which, with its fairy machinery, has something of the character of such
+earlier productions of Mr. W. S. Gilbert as the _Palace of Truth_.
+This he wrote in 1773, and, according to the _Short Notes_, sent it
+anonymously to the elder Colman, then manager of Covent Garden. Colman
+(he says) was much pleased with it, but regarding it as too short for
+a farce, wished to have it enlarged. This, however, its author thought
+too much trouble 'for so slight and extempore a performance.' Five
+years after, it was produced at the little theatre in the Haymarket,
+and, being admirably acted,--says the _Biographia Dramatica_,--met with
+considerable applause. But it is obviously one of those works to which
+the verdict of Goldsmith's critic, that it would have been better if
+the author had taken more pains, may judiciously be applied. It is more
+like a sketch for a farce than a farce itself; and it is not finished
+enough for a _proverbe_. Yet the dialogue is in parts so good that one
+almost regrets the inability of the author to nerve himself for an
+enterprise _de longue haleine_.
+
+[172] The rules of the so-called _Female Coterie_ in Albemarle Street,
+together with the names of the members, are given in the _Gentleman's
+Magazine_ for 1770, pp. 414-5. Besides Walpole and Miss Lloyd, Fox,
+Conway, Selwyn, the Waldegraves, the Damers, and many other 'persons of
+quality' belonged to it.
+
+Between 1774 and 1780 the Strawberry Hill Press still now and then
+showed signs of vitality. In 1775, it printed as a loose sheet some
+verses by Charles James Fox,--celebrating, as Amoret, that lover of
+the Whigs, the beautiful Mrs. Crewe,--and three hundred copies of an
+Eclogue by Mr. Fitzpatrick,[173] entitled _Dorinda_, which contains the
+couplet,--
+
+[173] The Hon. Richard Fitzpatrick, Lord Ossory's brother. He
+afterwards became a General, and Secretary at War. At this time he
+was a captain in the Grenadier Guards. As a _littérateur_ he had
+written _The Bath Picture; or, a Slight Sketch of its Beauties_; and
+he was later one of the chief contributors to the _Rolliad_. Besides
+being the life-long friend of Fox, he was a highly popular wit and
+man-of-fashion. Lord Ossory put him above Walpole and Selwyn; and Lady
+Holland is said to have thought him the most agreeable person she had
+ever known. He died in 1813.]
+
+    'And oh! what Bliss, when each alike is pleas'd,
+    the Hand that squeezes, and the Hand that's squeez'd.'
+
+These were followed, in 1778, by the _Sleep Walker_, a comedy from the
+French of Madame du Deffand's friend Pont de Veyle, translated by Lady
+Craven, afterwards Margravine of Anspach, and played for a charitable
+purpose at Newbury. A year later came the vindication of his conduct to
+Chatterton, already mentioned at pp. 196-200; and after this a sheet of
+verse by Mr. Charles Miller to Lady Horatia Waldegrave,[174] a daughter
+of the Duchess of Gloucester by her first husband. The last work of
+any importance was the fourth volume of the _Anecdotes of Painting_,
+which had been printed as far back as 1770, but was not issued until
+Oct., 1780. This delay, the Advertisement informs us, arose 'from
+motives of tenderness.' The author was 'unwilling [he says] to utter
+even gentle censures, which might wound the affections, or offend the
+prejudices, of those related to the persons whom truth forbad him to
+commend beyond their merits.'[175] But despite his unwillingness to
+'dispense universal panegyric,' and the limitation of his theme to
+living professors, he manages, in the same Advertisement, to distribute
+a fair amount of praise to some of his particular favourites. Of H. W.
+Bunbury, the husband of Goldsmith's 'Little Comedy,' he says that he is
+the 'second Hogarth,' and the 'first imitator who ever fully equalled
+his original,'--which is sheer extravagance. He lauds the miniature
+copying of Lady Lucan, as almost depreciating the 'exquisite works' of
+the artists she follows,--to wit, Cooper and the Olivers; and he speaks
+of Lady Di. Beauclerk's drawings as 'not only inspired by Shakespeare's
+insight into nature, but by the graces and taste of Grecian artists.'
+After this, the comparison of Mrs. Damer with Bernini seems almost tame.
+
+[174] One of the three beautiful sisters painted by
+Reynolds,--Elizabeth Laura, afterwards Viscountess Chewton; Charlotte
+Maria, afterwards Countess of Euston; and Anne Horatia, who married
+Captain Hugh Conway. 'Sir Joshua Reynolds gets avaricious in his old
+age. My picture of the young ladies Waldegrave is doubtless very fine
+and graceful, but it cost me 800 guineas' (_Walpoliana_, ii. 157).
+
+[175] He was not successful as regards Hogarth, whose widow was sorely
+and justly wounded by his coarse treatment of _Sigismunda_, which is
+said to have been a portrait of herself. The picture is now in the
+National Gallery.
+
+Yet her works 'from the life are not inferior to the antique, and
+those ... were not more like.' One can scarcely blame Walpole severely
+for this hearty backing of the friends who had added so much to the
+attractions of his Gothic castle; but the value of his criticisms, in
+many other instances sound enough, is certainly impaired by his loyalty
+to the old-new practice of 'log-rolling.'
+
+Lady Di. Beauclerk, whose illustrations to Dryden's _Fables_ are still
+a frequent item in second-hand catalogues, has a personal connection
+with Strawberry through the curious little closet bearing her name,
+which, with the assistance of Mr. Essex, a Gothic architect from
+Cambridge, Walpole in 1776-8 managed to tuck in between the Cabinet
+and the Round Tower. It was built on purpose to hold the 'seven
+incomparable drawings,' executed in a fortnight, which her Ladyship
+prepared, to illustrate _The Mysterious Mother_. These were the designs
+to which he refers in the _Anecdotes of Painting_, and, in a letter to
+Mann, says could not be surpassed by Guido and Salvator Rosa. They were
+hung on Indian blue damask, in frames of black and gold; and Clive's
+friend, Miss Pope, the actress, when she dined at Strawberry, was
+affected by them to such a degree that she shed tears, although she
+did not know the story,--an anecdote which may be regarded either as a
+genuine compliment to Lady Di., or a merely histrionic tribute to her
+entertainer. 'The drawings,' Walpole says, 'do not shock and disgust,
+like their original, the tragedy;' but they were not to be shown to the
+profane. They were, nevertheless, probably exhibited pretty freely, as
+a copy of the play, carefully annotated in MS. by the author, and bound
+in blue leather to match the hangings, was always kept in a drawer of
+one of the tables, for the purpose of explaining them.[176] Walpole
+afterwards added one or two curiosities to this closet. It contained,
+according to the last edition of the _Catalogue_, a head in basalt of
+Jupiter Serapis, and a book of Psalms illuminated by Giulio Clovio, the
+latter purchased for £168 at the Duchess of Portland's sale in May,
+1786. There was also a portrait by Powell, after Reynolds, of Lady Di.
+herself, who lived for some time at Twickenham in a house now known as
+Little Marble Hill, many of the rooms of which she decorated with her
+own performances. These were apparently the efforts which prompted the
+already mentioned postscript to the _Parish Register of Twickenham_:
+
+    "Here Genius in a later hour
+    Selected its sequester'd bow'r,
+    And threw around the verdant room
+    The blushing lilac's chill perfume.
+    So loose is flung each bold festoon,
+    Each bough so breathes the touch of noon,
+    The happy pencil so deceives,
+    That Flora, doubly jealous, cries,
+    'The work's not mine,--yet, trust these eyes,
+    'T is my own Zephyr waves the leaves.'"[177]
+
+[176] Miss Hawkins (_Anecdotes_, etc., 1822, p. 103) did not think
+highly of these performances: 'Unless the proportions of the human
+figure are of no importance in drawing it, these 'Beauclerk drawings'
+can be looked on only with disgust and contempt.' But she praises the
+gipsies hereafter mentioned (p. 260 n.) as having been copied by Agnes
+Berry.
+
+[177] See pp. 158, 159.
+
+Mention has been made of the intermittent attacks of insanity to
+which Walpole's nephew, the third Earl of Orford, was subject. At the
+beginning of 1774, he had returned to his senses, and his uncle, on
+whom fell the chief care of his affairs during his illnesses, was,
+for a brief period, freed from the irksome strain of an uncongenial
+and a thankless duty. In April, 1777, however, Lord Orford's malady
+broke out again, with redoubled severity. In August, he was still
+fluctuating 'between violence and stupidity;' but in March, 1778, a
+lucid interval had once more been reached, and Walpole was relieved of
+the care of his person. Of his affairs he had declined to take care, as
+his Lordship had employed a lawyer of whom Walpole had a bad opinion.
+'He has resumed the entire dominion of himself,' says a letter to
+Mann in April, 'and is gone into the country, and intends to command
+the militia.' One of the earliest results of this 'entire dominion'
+was a step which filled his relative with the keenest distress. He
+offered the famous Houghton collection of pictures to Catherine of
+Russia,--'the most signal mortification to my idolatry for my father's
+memory that it could receive,' says Walpole to Lady Ossory. By August,
+1779, the sale was completed. 'The sum stipulated,' he tells Mann,
+'is forty or forty-five thousand pounds,[178] I neither know nor care
+which; nor whether the picture merchant ever receives the whole sum,
+which probably he will not do, as I hear it is to be discharged at
+three payments,--a miserable bargain for a mighty empress!... Well!
+adieu to Houghton! about its mad master I shall never trouble myself
+more.... Since he has stript Houghton of its glory, I do not care a
+straw what he does with the stone or the acres!'[179]
+
+[178] The exact sum was £40,555. Cipriani and West were the valuers.
+Most of the family portraits were reserved; but so many of the pictures
+were presents that it is not easy to estimate the actual profit over
+their first cost to the original owner.
+
+[179] _Walpole to Mann_, 4 Aug., 1779.
+
+Not very long after the date of the above letter Walpole made what
+was, for him, an important change of residence. The lease of his
+house in Arlington Street running out, he fixed upon a larger one
+in the then very fashionable district of Berkeley Square. The house
+he selected, now (1892) numbered 11, was then 40,[180] and he had
+commenced negotiations for its purchase as early as November, 1777,
+when, he tells Lady Ossory, he had come to town to take possession. But
+difficulties arose over the sale, and he found himself involved in a
+Chancery suit. He was too adroit, however, to allow this to degenerate
+into an additional annoyance, and managed (by his own account) to
+turn what promised to be a tedious course of litigation into a combat
+of courtesy. Ultimately, in July, 1779, he had won his cause, and
+was hurrying from Strawberry to pay his purchase money and close the
+bargain. Two months later, he is moving in, and is delighted with his
+acquisition. He would not change his two pretty mansions for any in
+England, he says. On the 14th October, he took formal possession, upon
+which day--his 'inauguration day'--he dates his first letter 'Berkeley
+Square.' 'It is seeming to take a new lease of life,' he tells Mason.
+'I was born in Arlington Street, lived there about fourteen years,
+returned thither, and passed thirty-seven more; but I have sober
+monitors that warn me not to delude myself.' He had still a decade and
+a half before him.
+
+[180] This, according to Harrison's _Memorable Houses_, 3rd ed., 1890,
+p. 62, is Lord Orford's number as given in _Boyle's Court Guide_ for
+1796.
+
+Little more than twelve months after he had settled down in his new
+abode, he lost the faithful friend at Paris, to whom, for the space
+of fifteen years, he had written nearly once a week. By 1774, he had
+become somewhat nervous about this accumulated correspondence in a
+language not his own. For an Englishman, his French was good, and, as
+might be expected of anything he wrote, characteristic and vivacious.
+But, almost of necessity, it contained many minor faults of phraseology
+and arrangement, besides abounding in personal anecdote; and he became
+apprehensive lest, after Madame du Deffand's death, his utterances
+should fall into alien hands. General Conway, who visited Paris in
+October, 1774, had therefore been charged to beg for their return--a
+request which seems at first to have been met by the reply on the
+lady's part that sufficient precautions had already been taken for
+ensuring their restoration. Ultimately, however, they were handed to
+Conway.[181] It was in all probability under a sense of this concession
+that Walpole once more risked a tedious journey to visit his blind
+friend. In the following year he went to Paris, to find her, as usual,
+impatiently expecting his arrival. She sat with him until half-past
+two, and before his eyes were open again, he had a letter from her.
+'Her soul is immortal, and forces her body to keep it company.' A
+little later he complains that he never gets to bed from her suppers
+before two or three o'clock. 'In short,' he says, 'I need have the
+activity of a squirrel, and the strength of a Hercules, to go through
+my labours,--not to count how many _démêlés_ I have had to _raccommode_
+and how many _mémoires_ to present against Tonton,[182] who grows the
+greater favourite the more people he devours.' But Tonton's mistress is
+more worth visiting than ever, he tells Selwyn, and she is apparently
+as tireless as of yore. 'Madame du Deffand and I [says another letter]
+set out last Sunday at seven in the evening, to go fifteen miles to a
+ball, and came back after supper; and another night, because it was
+but one in the morning when she brought me home, she ordered the
+coachman to make the tour of the Quais, and drive gently because it
+was so early.' At last, early in October, he tears himself away, to be
+followed almost immediately by a letter of farewell. Here it is:--
+
+'Adieu, ce mot est bien triste; souvenez-vous que vous laissez ici
+la personne dont vous êtes le plus aimé, et dont le bonheur et le
+malheur consistent dans ce que vous pensez pour elle. Donnez-moi de vos
+nouvelles le plus tôt qu'il sera possible.
+
+'Je me porte bien, j'ai un peu dormi, ma nuit n'est pas finie; je serai
+très-exacte au régime, et j'aurai soin de moi puisque vous vous y
+intéressez.'
+
+[181] According to a note in the selection from Madame du Deffand's
+Correspondence with Walpole, published in 1810, iii. 44, these letters
+were at that date extant. But all the subsequent letters were burnt by
+her at Walpole's earnest desire--those only excepted which she received
+during the last year of her life, and these, also, were sent back when
+she died.
+
+[182] Tonton was a snappish little dog belonging to Madame du Deffand,
+which, when in its mistress's company, must have been extremely
+objectionable. In January, 1778, the Maréchale de Luxembourg presented
+her old friend with Tonton's portrait in wax on a gold snuff-box,
+together with the last six volumes of Madame du Deffand's favourite,
+Voltaire, adding the following epigram by the Chevalier de Boufflers:--
+
+    'Vous les trouvez tous deux charmans,
+    Nous les trouvons tous deux mordans:
+      Voilà la ressemblance;
+    L'un ne mord que ses ennemis,
+    Et l'autre mord tous vos amis:
+      Voilà la différence.'
+
+At Madame du Deffand's death, both dog and box passed to Walpole, the
+latter finding an honoured place among the treasures of the Tribune.
+(See _A Description of the Villa_, etc., 1774, p. 137, _Appendix of
+Additions_.)
+
+The correspondence thus resumed was continued for five years more.
+Walpole does not seem to have visited Paris again, and the references
+to Madame du Deffand in his general correspondence are not very
+frequent. Towards the middle of 1780, her life was plainly closing in.
+In July and August, she complained of being more than usually languid,
+and in a letter of the 22nd of the latter month intimates that it may
+be her last, as dictation grows painful to her. 'Ne vous devant revoir
+de ma vie,'--she says pathetically,--'je n'ai rien à regretter.'
+From this time she kept her bed, and in September Walpole tells Lady
+Ossory that he is trembling at every letter he gets from Paris. 'My
+dear old friend, I fear, is going!... To have struggled twenty days at
+eighty-four shows such stamina that I have not totally lost hopes.' On
+the 24th, however, after a lethargy of several days, she died quietly,
+'without effort or struggle.' 'Elle a eu la mort la plus douce,'--says
+her faithful and attached secretary, Wiart,--'quoique la maladie ait
+été longue.' She was buried, at her own wish, in the parish church of
+St. Sulpice. By her will she made her nephew, the Marquis d'Aulan, her
+heir. Long since, she had wished Walpole to accept this character.
+Thereupon he had threatened that he would never set foot in Paris again
+if she carried out her intention; and it was abandoned. But she left
+him the whole of her manuscripts[183] and books.
+
+As his own letters to her have not been printed, her death makes no
+difference in the amount of his correspondence. The war with the
+American Colonies, of which he foresaw the disastrous results, and
+the course of which he follows to Mann with the greatest keenness,
+fully absorbs as much of his time as he can spare from the vagaries of
+the Duchess of Kingston and the doings of the Duchess of Gloucester.
+Not many months before Madame du Deffand died had occurred the famous
+Gordon Riots, which, as he was in London most of the time, naturally
+occupy his pen. It was General Conway who, as the author of _Barnaby
+Rudge_ has not forgotten, so effectively remonstrated with Lord George
+upon the occasion of the visit of the mob to the House of Commons;
+and four days later Walpole chronicles from Berkeley Square the
+events of the terrible 'Black Wednesday.' From the roof of Gloucester
+House he sees the blazing prisons,--a sight he shall not soon forget.
+Other subjects for which one dips in the lucky bag of his records
+are the defence of Gibraltar, the trial of Warren Hastings, the loss
+of the _Royal George_. But it is generally in the minor chronicle
+that he is most diverting. The last _bon mot_ of George Selwyn or
+Lady Townshend, the newest 'royal pregnancy,' the details of court
+ceremonial, the most recent addition to Strawberry, the endless stream
+of anecdote and tittle-tattle which runs dimpling all the way,--these
+are the themes he loves best; this is the element in which his easy
+persiflage delights to disport itself. He is, above all, a _rieur_.
+About his serious passages there is generally a false ring, but
+never when he pours out the gossip that he loves, and of which he
+has so inexhaustible a supply. 'I can sit and amuse myself with my
+own memory,' he says to Mann in February, 1785, 'and yet find new
+stores at every audience that I give to it. Then, for private episodes
+[he has been speaking of his knowledge of public events], varieties
+of characters, political intrigues, literary anecdotes, etc., the
+profusion that I remember is endless; in short, when I reflect on all
+I have seen, heard, read, written, the many idle hours I have passed,
+the nights I have wasted playing at faro, the weeks, nay months, I have
+spent in pain, you will not wonder that I almost think I have, like
+Pythagoras, been Panthoides Euphorbus, and have retained one memory in
+at least two bodies.'
+
+[183] The MSS., which included eight hundred of Madame du Deffand's
+letters, were sold in the Strawberry Hill sale of 1842 for £157 10_s._
+
+He was sixty-eight when he wrote the above letter. Mann was
+eighty-four, and the long correspondence--a correspondence 'not to be
+paralleled in the annals of the Post Office'--was drawing to a close.
+'What Orestes and Pylades ever wrote to each other for four-and-forty
+years without meeting?' Walpole asks. In June, 1786, however, the last
+letter of the eight hundred and nine specimens printed by Cunningham
+was despatched to Florence.[184] In the following November, Mann died,
+after a prolonged illness. He had never visited England, nor had
+Walpole set eyes upon him since he had left him at Florence in May,
+1741. His death followed hard upon that of another faithful friend
+(whose gifts, perhaps, hardly lay in the epistolary line),--bustling,
+kindly Kitty Clive. Her cheerful, ruddy face, 'all sun and vermilion,'
+set peacefully in December, 1785, leaving Cliveden vacant, not, as we
+shall see, for long.[185] Earlier still had departed another old ally,
+Cole, the antiquary, and the lapse of time had in other ways contracted
+Walpole's circle. In 1781, Lady Orford had ended her erratic career at
+Pisa, leaving her son a fortune so considerable as to make his uncle
+regret vaguely that the sale of the Houghton pictures had not been
+delayed for a few months longer. Three years later, she was followed by
+her brother-in-law, Sir Edward Walpole,--an occurrence which had the
+effect of leaving between Horace Walpole and his father's title nothing
+but his lunatic and childless nephew.
+
+[184] Walpole, as in the case of Madame du Deffand, had taken the
+precaution of getting back his letters, and at his friend's death not
+more than a dozen of them were still in Mann's possession. According to
+Cunningham (_Corr._, ix. xv), Mann's letters to Walpole are 'absolutely
+unreadable.' An attempt to skim the cream of them (such as it is) was
+made by Dr. Doran in two volumes entitled _'Mann' and Manners at the
+Court of Florence_, 1740-1786, Bentley, 1876.
+
+[185] Mrs. Clive is buried at Twickenham, where a mural slab was
+erected to her in the parish church by her _protégée_ and successor,
+Miss Jane Pope, the clever actress who shed tears over the Beauclerk
+drawings (see p. 244). Her portrait by Davison, which is engraved as
+the frontispiece to Cunningham's fourth volume, hung in the Round
+Bedchamber at Strawberry. It was given to Walpole by her brother, James
+Raftor.
+
+If his relatives and friends were falling away, however, their
+places--the places of the friends, at least--were speedily filled
+again; and, as a general rule, most of his male favourites were
+replaced by women. Pinkerton, the antiquary, who afterwards published
+the _Walpoliana_, is one of the exceptions; and several of Walpole's
+letters to him are contained in that book, and in the volumes of
+Pinkerton's own correspondence published by Dawson Turner in 1830.
+But Walpole's appetite for correspondence of the purely literary kind
+had somewhat slackened in his old age, and it was to the other sex
+that he turned for sympathy and solace. He liked them best; his style
+suited them; and he wrote to them with most ease. In July, 1785,
+he was visited at Strawberry by Madame de Genlis, who arrived with
+her friend Miss Wilkes and the famous Pamela,[186] afterwards Lady
+Edward Fitzgerald. Madame de Genlis at this date was nearing forty,
+and had lost much of her good looks. But Walpole seems to have found
+her less _précieuse_ and affected than he had anticipated, and she
+was, on this occasion, unaccompanied by the inevitable harp. A later
+visit was from Dr. Burney and his daughter Fanny,--'Evelina-Cecilia'
+Walpole calls her,--a young lady for whose good sense and modesty he
+expresses a genuine admiration. Miss Burney had not as yet entered
+upon that court bondage which was to be so little to her advantage.
+Another and more intimate acquaintanceship of this period was with
+Miss Burney's friend, Hannah More. Hannah More ultimately became one
+of Walpole's correspondents, although scarcely 'so corresponding' as
+he wished; and they met frequently in society when she visited London.
+On her side, she seems to have been wholly fascinated by his wit
+and conversational powers; he, on his, was attracted by her mingled
+puritanism and vivacity. He writes to her as 'St. Hannah;' and she, in
+return, sighs plaintively over his lack of religion. Yet (she adds)
+she 'must do him the justice to say, that except the delight he has
+in teasing me for what he calls over-strictness, I have never heard
+a sentence from him which savoured of infidelity.'[187] He evidently
+took a great interest in her works, and indeed in 1789 printed at his
+press one of her poems, _Bonner's Ghost_.[188] His friendship for her
+endured for the remainder of his life; and not long before his death he
+presented her with a richly bound copy of Bishop Wilson's _Bible_, with
+a complimentary inscription which may be read in the second volume of
+her Life and Correspondence.
+
+[186] 'Whom she [Madame de Genlis] has educated to be very like
+herself in the face,' says Walpole, referring to a then current
+scandal. At this date, however, it is but just to add that the recent
+investigations of Mr. J. G. Alger, as embodied in vol. xix. of the
+_Dictionary of National Biography_, tend to show that it is by no means
+certain that Pamela was the daughter of the accomplished lady whom
+Philippe _Egalité_ entrusted with the education of his sons.
+
+[187] He is not explicit as to his creed. 'Atheism I dislike,' he said
+to Pinkerton. 'It is gloomy, uncomfortable; and, in my eye, unnatural
+and irrational. It certainly requires more credulity to believe that
+there is no God, than to believe that there is' (_Walpoliana_, i.
+75-6). But Pinkerton must be taken with caution. (Cf. _Quarterly
+Review_, 1843, lxxii. 551.)
+
+[188] In 1786 she had dedicated to him her _Florio, A Tale_, etc., with
+a highly complimentary Preface, in which she says: 'I should be unjust
+to your very engaging and well-bred turn of wit, if I did not declare
+that, among all the lively and brilliant things I have heard from you,
+I do not remember ever to have heard an unkind or an ungenerous one.'
+
+It was, however, neither the author of _Evelina_ nor the author of
+_The Manners of the Great_ who was destined to fill the void created
+by the death of Madame du Deffand. In the winter of 1787-8, he had
+first seen, and a year later he made the formal acquaintance of, 'two
+young ladies of the name of Berry.' They had a story. Their father,
+at this time a widower, had married for love, and had afterwards been
+supplanted in the good graces of a rich uncle by a younger brother who
+had the generosity to allow him an annuity of a thousand a year. In
+1783, Mr. Berry had taken his daughters abroad to Holland, Switzerland,
+and Italy, whence, in June, 1785, they had returned, being then
+highly cultivated and attractive young women of two-and-twenty and
+one-and-twenty respectively. Three years later, Walpole met them for
+the second time at the house of a Lady Herries, the wife of a banker
+in St. James's Street. The first time he saw them he 'would not be
+acquainted with them, having heard so much in their praise that he
+concluded they would be all pretension.' But on the second occasion,
+'in a very small company,' he sat next the elder, Mary, 'and found her
+an angel both inside and out.' 'Her face'--he tells Lady Ossory--'is
+formed for a sentimental novel, but it is ten times fitter for a fifty
+times better thing, genteel comedy.' The other sister was speedily
+discovered to be nearly as charming. 'They are exceedingly sensible,
+entirely natural and unaffected, frank, and, being qualified to talk on
+any subject, nothing is so easy and agreeable as their conversation,
+nor more apposite than their answers and observations. The eldest, I
+discovered by chance, understands Latin, and is a perfect Frenchwoman
+in her language. The younger draws charmingly, and has copied admirably
+Lady Di.'s gipsies,[189] which I lent, though for the first time of her
+attempting colours. They are of pleasing figures: Mary, the eldest,
+sweet, with fine dark eyes that are very lively when she speaks, with
+a symmetry of face that is the more interesting from being pale;
+Agnes, the younger, has an agreeable, sensible countenance, hardly to
+be called handsome, but almost. She is less animated than Mary, but
+seems, out of deference to her sister, to speak seldomer; for they
+dote on each other, and Mary is always praising her sister's talents.
+I must even tell you they dress within the bounds of fashion, though
+fashionably; but without the excrescences and balconies with which
+modern hoydens overwhelm and barricade their persons. In short, good
+sense, information, simplicity, and ease characterize the Berrys; and
+this is not particularly mine, who am apt to be prejudiced, but the
+universal voice of all who know them.'[190]
+
+[189] This (we are told) was Lady Di.'s _chef-d'œuvre_. It was a
+water-colour drawing representing 'Gipsies telling a country-maiden
+her fortune at the entrance of a beech-wood,' and hung in the Red
+Bedchamber at Strawberry.
+
+[190] _Walpole to Lady Ossory_, 11 Oct., 1788.
+
+'This delightful family,' he goes on to say, 'comes to me almost every
+Sunday evening. [They were at the time living on Twickenham Common.] Of
+the father not much is recorded beyond the fact that he was 'a little
+merry man with a round face,' and (as his eldest daughter reports)
+'an odd inherent easiness in his disposition,' who seems to have
+been perfectly contented in his modest and unobtrusive character of
+paternal appendage to the favourites. Walpole's attachment to his new
+friends grew rapidly. Only a few days after the date of the foregoing
+letter, Mr. Kirgate's press was versifying in their honour, and they
+themselves were already 'his two Straw Berries,' whose praises he sang
+to all his friends. He delighted in devising new titles for them,--they
+were his 'twin wives,' his 'dear Both,' his 'Amours.' For them in this
+year he began writing the charming little volume of _Reminiscences
+of the Courts of George the 1st and 2nd_, and in December, 1789, he
+dedicated to them his _Catalogue of Strawberry Hill_. It was not long
+before he had secured them a home at Teddington and finally, when, in
+1791, Cliveden became vacant, he prevailed upon them to become his
+neighbours. He afterwards bequeathed the house to them, and for many
+years after his death, it was their summer residence. On either side
+the acquaintance was advantageous. His friendship at once introduced
+them to the best and most accomplished fashionable society of their
+day, while the charm of their 'company, conversation and talents' must
+have inexpressibly sweetened and softened what, on his part, had begun
+to grow more and more a solitary, joyless, and painful old age.
+
+His establishment of his 'wives' in his immediate vicinity was not,
+however, accomplished without difficulty. For a moment some ill-natured
+newspaper gossip, which attributed the attachment of the Berry family
+to interested motives, so justly aroused the indignation of the elder
+sister that the whole arrangement threatened to collapse. But the
+slight estrangement thus caused soon passed away; and at the close of
+1791, they took up their abode in Mrs. Clive's old house, now doubly
+honoured. On the 5th of the December in the same year, after a fresh
+fit of frenzy, Walpole's nephew died, and he became fourth Earl of
+Orford. The new dignity was by no means a welcome one, and scarcely
+compensated for the cares which it entailed. 'A small estate, loaded
+with debt, and of which I do not understand the management, and am too
+old to learn; a source of law suits amongst my near relations, though
+not affecting me; endless conversations with lawyers, and packets of
+letters to read every day and answer,--all this weight of new business
+is too much for the rag of life that yet hangs about me, and was
+preceded by three weeks of anxiety about my unfortunate nephew, and a
+daily correspondence with physicians and mad-doctors, falling upon me
+when I had been out of order ever since July.'[191] 'For the other
+empty metamorphosis,' he writes to Hannah More, 'that has happened to
+the outward man, you do me justice in concluding that it can do nothing
+but tease me; it is being called names in one's old age. I had rather
+be my Lord Mayor, for then I should keep the nickname but a year; and
+mine I may retain a little longer,--not that at seventy-five I reckon
+on becoming my Lord Methusalem.' For some time he could scarcely
+bring himself to use his new signature, and occasionally varied it by
+describing himself as 'The uncle of the late Earl of Orford.' In 1792,
+he delivered himself, after the fashion of Cowley, of the following
+_Epitaphium vivi Auctoris_:--
+
+    'An estate and an earldom at seventy-four!
+    Had I sought them or wished them, 'twould add one fear more,--
+    That of making a countess when almost four-score.
+    But Fortune, who scatters her gifts out of season,
+    Though unkind to my limbs, has still left me my reason;
+    And whether she lowers or lifts me, I'll try,
+    In the plain simple style I have lived in, to die:
+    For ambition too humble, for manners too high.'
+
+[191] _Walpole to Pinkerton_, 26 Dec., 1791.
+
+The last line seems like another of the many echoes of Goldsmith's
+_Retaliation_. As for the fear indicated in the third, it is hinted
+that this at one time bade fair to be something more than a poetical
+apprehension. If we are to credit a tradition handed down by Lord
+Lansdowne, he had been willing to go through the form of marriage with
+either of the Berrys, merely to secure their society, and to enrich
+them, as he had the power of charging the Orford estate with a jointure
+of £2000 per annum. But this can only have been a passing thought at
+some moment when their absence, in Italy or elsewhere, left him more
+sensitive to the loss of their gracious and stimulating presence. He
+himself was far too keenly alive to ridicule, and too much in bondage
+to _les bienséances_, to take a step which could scarcely escape
+ill-natured comment; and Mary Berry, who would certainly have been his
+preference, was not only as fully alive as was he to the shafts of the
+censorious, but, during the greater part of her acquaintanceship with
+him, was, apparently with his knowledge, warmly attached to a certain
+good-looking General O'Hara, who, a year before Walpole's death,
+in November, 1796, definitely proposed. He had just been appointed
+Governor of Gibraltar, and he wished Miss Berry to marry him at once,
+and go out with him. This, 'out of consideration for others,' she
+declined to do. A few months later the engagement was broken off, and
+she never again saw her soldier admirer. Whether Lord Orford's comfort
+went for anything in this adjournment of her happiness, does not
+clearly appear; but it is only reasonable to suppose that his tenacious
+desire for her companionship had its influence in a decision which,
+however much it may have been for the best (and there were those of her
+friends who regarded it as a providential escape), was nevertheless a
+lifelong source of regret to herself. When, in 1802, she heard suddenly
+at the Opera of O'Hara's death, she fell senseless to the floor.
+
+The 'late Horace Walpole' never took his seat in the House of Lords. He
+continued, as before, to divide his time between Berkeley Square and
+Strawberry, to eulogize his 'wives' to Lady Ossory, and to watch life
+from his beloved Blue Room. Now and then he did the rare honours of his
+home to a distinguished guest,--in 1793, it was the Duchess of York; in
+1795, Queen Charlotte herself. In the latter year died his old friend
+Conway, by this time a Field-Marshal; and it was evident at the close
+of 1796 that his faithful correspondent would not long survive him.
+His ailments had increased, and in the following January, he wrote his
+last letter to Lady Ossory:--
+
+  Jan. 15, 1797.
+
+  MY DEAR MADAM,--
+
+ You distress me infinitely by showing my idle notes, which I cannot
+ conceive can amuse anybody. My old-fashioned breeding impels me every
+ now and then to reply to the letters you honour me with writing, but
+ in truth very unwillingly, for I seldom can have anything particular
+ to say; I scarce go out of my own house, and then only to two or three
+ very private places, where I see nobody that really knows anything,
+ and what I learn comes from Newspapers, that collect intelligence from
+ coffee-houses, consequently what I neither believe nor report. At home
+ I see only a few charitable elders, except about four-score nephews
+ and nieces of various ages, who are each brought to me about once
+ a-year, to stare at me as the Methusalem of the family, and they can
+ only speak of their own contemporaries, which interest me no more than
+ if they talked of their dolls, or bats and balls. Must not the result
+ of all this, Madam, make me a very entertaining correspondent? And can
+ such letters be worth showing? or can I have any spirit when so old,
+ and reduced to dictate?
+
+ Oh! my good Madam, dispense with me from such a task, and think how
+ it must add to it to apprehend such letters being shown. Pray send me
+ no more such laurels, which I desire no more than their leaves when
+ decked with a scrap of tinsel, and stuck on twelfth-cakes that lie
+ on the shop-boards of pastry-cooks at Christmas. I shall be quite
+ content with a sprig of rosemary thrown after me, when the parson of
+ the parish commits my dust to dust. Till then, pray, Madam, accept the
+ resignation of your
+
+  Ancient servant,
+  ORFORD.
+
+Six weeks after the date of the above letter, he died at his house
+in Berkeley Square, to which he had been moved at the close of the
+previous year. During the latter days of his life, he suffered from a
+cruel lapse of memory, which led him to suppose himself neglected even
+by those who had but just quitted him. He sank gradually, and expired
+without pain on the 2nd of March, 1797, being then in his eightieth
+year. He was buried at the family seat of Houghton.
+
+His fortune, over and above his leases, amounted to ninety-one thousand
+pounds. To each of the Miss Berrys he left the sum of £4000 for their
+lives, together with the house and garden of 'Little Strawberry'
+(Cliveden), the long meadow in front of it, and all the furniture. He
+also bequeathed to them and to their father his printed works and his
+manuscripts, with discretionary power to publish. It was understood
+that the real editorship was to fall on the elder sister, who forthwith
+devoted herself to her task. The result was the edition, in five quarto
+volumes, of Lord Orford's _Works_, which has been so often referred
+to during the progress of these pages, and which appeared in 1798. It
+was entirely due to Mary Berry's unremitting care, her father's share
+being confined to a final paragraph in the preface, in which she is
+eulogized.[192]
+
+[192] Mary Berry died 20th Nov., 1852; Agnes Berry, Jan., 1852. They
+were buried in one grave in Petersham churchyard, 'amidst scenes'--says
+Lord Carlisle's inscription--'which in life they had frequented &
+loved.' H. F. Chorley (_Autobiography_, etc., 1873, vol. i., p. 276)
+describes them as 'more like one's notion of ancient Frenchwomen than
+anything I have ever seen; rouged, with the remains of some beauty,
+managing large fans like the Flirtillas, etc., etc., of Ranelagh.'
+See also _Extracts from Miss Berry's Journals and Correspondence_,
+1783-1852, edited by Lady Theresa Lewis, 1865.
+
+Strawberry Hill passed to Mrs. Damer for life, together with £2000 to
+keep it in repair. After living in it for some years, she resigned it,
+in 1811, to the Countess Dowager of Waldegrave, in whom the remainder
+in fee was vested. It subsequently passed to George, seventh Earl of
+Waldegrave, who sold its contents in 1842. At his death, in 1846, he
+left it to his widow, Frances, Countess of Waldegrave, who married the
+Rt. Hon. Chichester S. Parkinson-Fortescue, later Lord Carlingford.
+Lady Waldegrave died in 1879; but she had greatly added to and extended
+the original building, besides restoring many of the objects by which
+it had been decorated in Walpole's day.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+ Macaulay on Walpole.--Effect of the _Edinburgh_ Essay.--Macaulay
+ and Mary Berry.--Portraits of Walpole.--Miss Hawkins's
+ Description.--Pinkerton's Rainy Day at Strawberry.--Walpole's
+ Character as a Man; as a Virtuoso; as a Politician; as an Author and
+ Letter-writer.
+
+
+When, in October, 1833, Lord (then Mr.) Macaulay completed for the
+_Edinburgh_ his review of Lord Dover's edition of Walpole's letters to
+Sir Horace Mann, he had apparently performed to his entire satisfaction
+the operation known, in the workmanlike vocabulary of the time, as
+'dusting the jacket' of his unfortunate reviewee. 'I was up at four
+this morning to put the last touch to it,' he tells his sister Hannah.
+'I often differ with the majority about other people's writings,
+and still oftener about my own; and therefore I may very likely be
+mistaken; but I think that this article will be a hit.... Nothing
+ever cost me more pains than the first half; I never wrote anything
+so flowingly as the latter half; and I like the latter half the best.
+[The latter half, it should be stated, was a rapid and very brilliant
+sketch of Sir Robert Walpole; the earlier, which involved so much
+labour, was the portrait of Sir Robert's youngest son.] I have laid it
+on Walpole [_i. e._, Horace Walpole] so unsparingly,' he goes on to
+say, 'that I shall not be surprised if Miss Berry should cut me....
+Neither am I sure that Lord and Lady Holland will be well pleased.'[193]
+
+[193] Trevelyan's _Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay_, ch. v.
+
+His later letters show him to have been a true prophet. Macvey
+Napier, then the editor of the 'Blue and Yellow,' was enthusiastic,
+praising the article 'in terms absolutely extravagant.' 'He says that
+it is the best that I ever wrote,' the critic tells his favourite
+correspondent,--a statement which at this date must be qualified by
+the fact that he penned some of his most famous essays subsequent to
+its appearance. On the other hand, Miss Berry resented the review so
+much that Sir Stratford Canning advised its author not to go near her.
+But apparently her anger was soon dispelled, for the same letter which
+makes this announcement relates that she was already appeased. Lady
+Holland, too, was 'in a rage,' though with what part of the article
+does not transpire, while her good-natured husband told Macaulay
+privately that he quite agreed with him, but that they had better not
+discuss the subject. Lady Holland's irritation was probably prompted
+by her intimacy with the Waldegrave family, to whom the letters edited
+by Lord Dover belonged, and for whose benefit they were published.
+But, as Macaulay said justly, his article was surely not calculated
+to injure the sale of the book. Her imperious ladyship's displeasure,
+however, like that of Miss Berry, was of brief duration. Macaulay was
+too necessary to her _réunions_ to be long exiled from her little court.
+
+Among those who occupy themselves in such enquiries, it has been matter
+for speculation what particular grudge Macaulay could have cherished
+against Horace Walpole when, to use his own expression, he laid it on
+him 'so unsparingly.' To this his correspondence affords no clue. Mr.
+Cunningham holds that he did it 'to revenge the dislike which Walpole
+bore to the Bedford faction, the followers of Fox and the Shelburne
+school.' It is possible, as another authority has suggested, that 'in
+the Whig circles of Macaulay's time, there existed a traditional grudge
+against Horace Walpole,' owing to obscure political causes connected
+with his influence over his friend Conway. But these reasons do
+not seem relevant enough to make Macaulay's famous onslaught a mere
+_vendetta_. It is more reasonable to suppose that between his avowed
+delight in Walpole as a letter-writer, and his robust contempt for him
+as an individual, he found a subject to his hand, which admitted of
+all the brilliant antithesis and sparkle of epigram which he lavished
+upon it. Walpole's trivialities and eccentricities, his whims and
+affectations, are seized with remorseless skill, and presented with
+all the rhetorical advantages with which the writer so well knew how
+to invest them. As regards his literary estimate, the truth of the
+picture can scarcely be gainsaid; but the personal character, as
+Walpole's surviving friends felt, is certainly too much _en noir_. Miss
+Berry, indeed, in her 'Advertisement' to vol. vi. of Wright's edition
+of the _Letters_, raised a gentle cry of expostulation against the
+entire representation. She laid stress upon the fact that Macaulay had
+not known Walpole in the flesh (a disqualification to which too much
+weight may easily be assigned); she dwelt upon the warmth of Walpole's
+attachments; she contested the charge of affectation; and, in short,
+made such a gallant attempt at a defence as her loyalty to her old
+friend enabled her to offer. Yet, if Macaulay had never known Walpole
+at all, she herself, it might be urged, had only known him in his old
+age. Upon the whole, 'with due allowance for a spice of critical pepper
+on one hand, and a handful of friendly rosemary on the other,' as
+Croker says, both characters are 'substantially true.' Under Macaulay's
+brush Walpole is depicted as he appeared to that critic's masculine
+and (for the nonce) unsympathetic spirit; in Miss Berry's picture,
+the likeness is touched with a pencil at once grateful, affectionate,
+and indulgent. The biographer of to-day, who is neither endeavouring
+to portray Walpole in his most favourable aspect, nor preoccupied (as
+Cunningham supposed the great Whig essayist to have been) with what
+would be thought of his work 'at Woburn, at Kensington, and in Berkeley
+Square,' may safely borrow details from the delineation of either
+artist.
+
+Of portraits of Walpole (not in words) there is no lack. Besides that
+belonging to Mrs. Bedford, described at p. 11, there is the enamel by
+Zincke painted in 1745, which is reproduced at p. 71 of vol. i. of
+Cunningham's edition of the letters. There is another portrait of him
+by Nathaniel Hone, R.A., in the National Portrait Gallery. A more
+characteristic presentment than any of these is the little drawing by
+Müntz which shows his patron sitting in the Library at Strawberry,
+with the Thames and a passing barge seen through the open window. But
+his most interesting portraits are two which exhibit him in manhood
+and old age. One is the half-length by J. G. Eckardt which once hung
+in its black-and-gold frame in the Blue Bedchamber, near the companion
+pictures of Gray and Bentley.[194] Like these, it was 'from Vandyck,'
+that is to say, it was in a costume copied from that painter, and
+depicts the sitter in a laced collar and ruffles, leaning upon a copy
+of the _Ædes Walpolianæ_, with a view of part of the Gothic castle in
+the distance. The canvas bears at the back the date of 1754, so that
+it represents him at the age of seven-and-thirty. The shaven face is
+rather lean than thin, the forehead high, the brown hair brushed back
+and slightly curled. The eyes are dark, bright, and intelligent, and
+the small mouth wears a slight smile. The other, a drawing made for
+Samuel Lysons by Sir Thomas Lawrence, is that of a much older man,
+having been executed in 1796. The eyelids droop wearily, the thin
+lips have a pinched, mechanical urbanity, and the features are worn by
+years and ill-health. It was reproduced by T. Evans as a frontispiece
+for vol. i. of his works. There are other portraits by Reynolds, 1757
+(which McArdell and Reading engraved), by Rosalba, Falconet, and
+Dance;[195] but it is sufficient to have indicated those mentioned
+above.
+
+[194] This is engraved in vol. ix. of Cunningham, facing the Index;
+while the Müntz, above referred to, forms the frontispiece to vol. viii.
+
+[195] The writer of the obituary notice in the _Gentleman's Magazine_
+for March, 1797, says that Dance's portrait is 'the only faithful
+representation of him [Walpole].' Against this must be set the fact
+that it was not selected by the editor of his works; and, besides being
+in profile, it is certainly far less pleasing than the Lawrence.
+
+Of the Walpole of later years there are more descriptions than one, and
+among these, that given by Miss Hawkins, the daughter of the pompous
+author of the _History of Music_, is, if the most familiar, also the
+most graphic. Sir John Hawkins was Walpole's neighbour at Twickenham
+House, and the _History_ is said to have been undertaken at Walpole's
+instance. Miss Hawkins's description is of Walpole as she recalled
+him before 1772. 'His figure,' she says, '... was not merely tall,
+but more properly _long_ and slender to excess; his complexion, and
+particularly his hands, of a most unhealthy paleness.... His eyes were
+remarkably bright and penetrating, very dark and lively; his voice
+was not strong, but his tones were extremely pleasant, and, if I may
+so say, highly gentlemanly. I do not remember his common gait;[196]
+he always entered a room in that style of affected delicacy, which
+fashion had then made almost natural,--_chapeau bras_ between his hands
+as if he wished to compress it, or under his arm, knees bent, and
+feet on tip-toe, as if afraid of a wet floor. His dress in visiting
+was most usually, in summer when I most saw him, a lavender suit, the
+waistcoat embroidered with a little silver, or of white silk worked
+in the tambour, partridge silk stockings, and gold buckles, ruffles
+and frill generally lace. I remember when a child, thinking him
+very much under-dressed if at any time, except in mourning, he wore
+hemmed cambric. In summer no powder, but his wig combed straight, and
+showing his very smooth pale forehead, and queued behind; in winter
+powder.'[197]
+
+[196] It must, by his own account, have been peculiar. 'Walking is not
+one of my excellences,' he writes. 'In my best days Mr. Winnington
+said I tripped like a peewit; and if I do not flatter myself, my march
+at present is more like a dabchick's' (_Walpole to Lady Ossory_, 18
+August, 1775).
+
+[197] _Anecdotes, etc._, by L. M. Hawkins, 1822, pp. 105-6.
+
+Pinkerton, who knew Walpole from 1784 until his death, and whose
+disappointment of a legacy is supposed, in places, to have mingled a
+more than justifiable amount of gall with his ink, has nevertheless
+left a number of interesting particulars respecting his habits and
+personal characteristics. They are too long to quote entire, but
+are, at the same time, too picturesque to be greatly compressed. He
+contradicts Miss Hawkins in one respect, for he says Walpole was 'short
+and slender,' but 'compact and neatly formed,'--an account which is
+confirmed by Müntz's full-length. 'When viewed from behind, he had
+somewhat of a boyish appearance, owing to the form of his person, and
+the simplicity of his dress.' None of his pictures, says Pinkerton,
+'express the placid goodness of his eyes,[198] which would often
+sparkle with sudden rays of wit, or dart forth flashes of the most keen
+and intuitive intelligence. His laugh was forced and uncouth, and even
+his smile not the most pleasing.'
+
+[198] 'I have lately become acquainted with your friend Mr. Walpole,
+and am quite charmed with him.'--writes Malone to Lord Charlemont in
+1782. 'There is an unaffected benignity and good nature in his manner
+that is, I think, irresistibly engaging' (_Hist. MSS. Commission, 12th
+Rept., App._, Pt. x., 1891, p. 395).
+
+'His walk was enfeebled by the gout; which, if the editor's memory do
+not deceive, he mentioned that he had been tormented with since the age
+of twenty-five; adding, at the same time, that it was no hereditary
+complaint, his father, Sir Robert Walpole, who always drank ale,
+never having known that disorder, and far less his other parent. This
+painful complaint not only affected his feet, but attacked his hands
+to such a degree that his fingers were always swelled and deformed,
+and discharged large chalk-stones once or twice a year; upon which
+occasions he would observe, with a smile, that he must set up an inn,
+for he could chalk up a score with more ease and rapidity than any man
+in England.'
+
+After referring to the strict temperance of his life, Pinkerton goes
+on:--
+
+'Though he sat up very late, either writing or conversing, he generally
+rose about nine o'clock, and appeared in the breakfast room, his
+constant and chosen apartment, with fine vistos towards the Thames. His
+approach was proclaimed, and attended, by a favourite little dog, the
+legacy of the Marquise du Deffand,[199] and which ease and attention
+had rendered so fat that it could hardly move. This was placed beside
+him on a small sofa; the tea-kettle, stand, and heater were brought
+in, and he drank two or three cups of that liquor out of most rare and
+precious ancient porcelain of Japan, of a fine white, embossed with
+large leaves. The account of his china cabinet, in his description of
+his villa, will show how rich he was in that elegant luxury.... The
+loaf and butter were not spared, ... and the dog and the squirrels had
+a liberal share of his repast.[200]
+
+[199] Tonton. See note to p. 250.
+
+[200] Another passage in the _Walpoliana_ (i. 71-2) explains this:
+'Regularly after breakfast, in the summer season, at least, Mr. Walpole
+used to mix bread and milk in a large bason, and throw it out at the
+window of the sitting-room, for the squirrels; who, soon after, came
+down from the high trees, to enjoy their allowance.'
+
+'Dinner [his hour for which was four] was served up in the small
+parlour, or large dining room, as it happened: in winter generally
+the former. His valet supported him downstairs;[201] and he ate most
+moderately of chicken, pheasant, or any light food. Pastry he disliked,
+as difficult of digestion, though he would taste a morsel of venison
+pye. Never, but once that [201] 'I cannot go up or down stairs without
+being led by a servant. It is _tempus abire_ for me: _lusi satis_'
+(_Walpole to Pinkerton_, 15 May, 1794).
+
+he drank two glasses of white-wine, did the editor see him taste any
+liquor, except ice-water. A pail of ice was placed under the table, in
+which stood a decanter of water, from which he supplied himself with
+his favourite beverage....
+
+'If his guest liked even a moderate quantity of wine, he must have
+called for it during dinner, for almost instantly after he rang the
+bell to order coffee upstairs. Thither he would pass about five
+o'clock; and generally resuming his place on the sofa, would sit
+till two o'clock in the morning, in miscellaneous chit-chat, full
+of singular anecdotes, strokes of wit, and acute observations,
+occasionally sending for books or curiosities, or passing to the
+library, as any reference happened to arise in conversation. After
+his coffee he tasted nothing; but the snuff box of _tabac d'étrennes_
+from Fribourg's was not forgotten, and was replenished from a canister
+lodged in an ancient marble urn of great thickness, which stood in the
+window seat, and served to secure its moisture and rich flavour.
+
+'Such was a private rainy day of Horace Walpole. The forenoon quickly
+passed in roaming through the numerous apartments of the house, in
+which, after twenty visits, still something new would occur; and he
+was indeed constantly adding fresh acquisitions. Sometimes a walk in
+the grounds would intervene, on which occasions he would go out in his
+slippers through a thick dew; and he never wore a hat. He said that,
+on his first visit to Paris, he was ashamed of his effeminacy, when he
+saw every little meagre Frenchman, whom even he could have thrown down
+with a breath, walking without a hat, which he could not do, without
+a certainty of that disease, which the Germans say is endemial in
+England, and is termed by the natives _le-catch-cold_.[202] The first
+trial cost him a slight fever, but he got over it, and never caught
+cold afterwards: draughts of air, damp rooms, windows open at his back,
+all situations were alike to him in this respect. He would even show
+some little offence at any solicitude, expressed by his guests on such
+an occasion, as an idea arising from the seeming tenderness of his
+frame; and would say, with a half smile of good-humoured crossness,
+"My back is the same with my face, and my neck is like my nose."[203]
+His iced water he not only regarded as a preservative from such an
+accident, but he would sometimes observe that he thought his stomach
+and bowels would last longer than his bones; such conscious vigour and
+strength in those parts did he feel from the use of that beverage.'[204]
+
+[202] 'I have persisted'--he tells Gray from Paris in January,
+1766--'through this Siberian winter in not adding a grain to my clothes
+and in going open-breasted without an under waistcoat.'
+
+[203] He was probably thinking of _Spectator_, No. 228: 'The _Indian_
+answered very well to an _European_, who asked him how he could go
+naked: I am all Face.' Lord Chesterfield wished his little godson to
+have the same advantage. 'I am very willing that he should be _all
+face_,' he says in a letter to Arthur Stanhope of 19th October, 1762.
+
+[204] _Walpoliana_, i. xi-xiv.
+
+The only particular that Cunningham adds to this chronicle of his
+habits is one too characteristic of the man to be omitted. After dinner
+at Strawberry, he says, the smell was removed by 'a censer or pot of
+frankincense.' According to the _Description_, etc., there was a tripod
+of ormolu kept in the Breakfast Room for this purpose. It is difficult
+to identify the 'ancient marble urn of great thickness' in which the
+snuff was stored; but it may have been that 'of granite, brought from
+one of the Greek Islands, and given to Sir Robert Walpole by Sir
+Charles Wager,' which also figures in the Catalogue.
+
+Walpole's character may be considered in a fourfold aspect, as a man,
+a virtuoso, a politician, and an author. The first is the least easy
+to describe. What strikes one most forcibly is, that he was primarily
+and before all an aristocrat, or, as in his own day he would have
+been called, a 'person of quality,' whose warmest sympathies were
+reserved for those of his own rank. Out of the charmed circle of the
+peerage and baronetage, he had few strong connections; and although
+in middle life he corresponded voluminously with antiquaries such as
+Cole and Zouch, and in the languor of his old age turned eagerly to
+the renovating society of young women such as Hannah More and the Miss
+Berrys, however high his heart may have placed them, it may be doubted
+whether his head ever quite exalted them to the level of Lady Caroline
+Petersham, or Lady Ossory, or Her Grace of Gloucester. In a measure,
+this would also account for his unsympathetic attitude to some of
+the great _literati_ of his day. With Gray he had been at school and
+college, which made a difference; but he no doubt regarded Fielding
+and Hogarth and Goldsmith and Johnson, apart from their confessed
+hostility to 'high life' and his beloved 'genteel comedy,' as gifted
+but undesirable outsiders,--'horn-handed breakers of the glebe' in Art
+and Letters,--with whom it would be impossible to be as intimately
+familiar as one could be with such glorified amateurs as Bunbury and
+Lady Lucan and Lady Di. Beauclerk, who were all more or less born
+in the purple. To the friends of his own class he was constant and
+considerate, and he seems to have cherished a genuine affection for
+Conway, George Montagu, and Sir Horace Mann. With regard to Gray, his
+relations, it would seem, were rather those of intellectual affinity
+and esteem than downright affection. But his closest friends were
+women. In them, that is, in the women of his time, he found just that
+atmosphere of sunshine and _insouciance_,--those conversational 'lilacs
+and nightingales,'--in which his soul delighted, and which were most
+congenial to his restless intelligence and easily fatigued temperament.
+To have seen him at his best, one should have listened to him, not when
+he was playing the antiquary with Ducarel or Conyers Middleton, but
+gossipping of ancient green-room scandals at Cliveden, or explaining
+the mysteries of the 'Officina Arbuteana' to Madame de Boufflers or
+Lady Townshend, or delighting Mary and Agnes Berry, in the half-light
+of the Round Drawing Room at Strawberry, with his old stories of Lady
+Suffolk and Lady Hervey, and of the monstrous raven, under guise of
+which the disembodied spirit of His Majesty King George the First
+was supposed to have revisited the disconsolate Duchess of Kendal.
+Comprehending thoroughly that cardinal precept of conversation,--'never
+to weary your hearer,'--he was an admirable _raconteur_; and his
+excellent memory, shrewd perceptions, and volatile wit--all the more
+piquant for its never-failing mixture of well-bred malice--must have
+made him a most captivating companion. If, as Scott says, his temper
+was 'precarious,' it is more charitable to remember that in middle
+and later life he was nearly always tormented with a malady seldom
+favourable to good humour, than to explain the less amiable details of
+his conduct (as does Mr. Croker) by the hereditary taint of insanity.
+In a life of eighty years many hot friendships cool, even with tempers
+not 'precarious.' As regards the charges sometimes made against him
+of coldness and want of generosity, very good evidence would be
+required before they could be held to be established; and a man is not
+necessarily niggardly because his benefactions do not come up to the
+standard of all the predatory members of the community. It is besides
+clear, as Conway and Madame du Deffand would have testified, that he
+could be royally generous when necessity required. That he was careful
+rather than lavish in his expenditure must be admitted. It may be
+added that he was very much in bondage to public opinion, and morbidly
+sensitive to ridicule.
+
+As a virtuoso and amateur, his position is a mixed one. He was
+certainly widely different from that typical art connoisseur of his
+day,--the butt of Goldsmith and of Reynolds,--who travelled the
+Grand Tour to litter a gallery at home with broken-nosed busts and
+the rubbish of the Roman picture-factories. As the preface to the
+_Ædes Walpolianæ_ showed, he really knew something about painting,
+in fact was a capable draughtsman himself; and besides, through Mann
+and others, had enjoyed exceptional opportunities for procuring
+genuine antiques. But his collection was not so rich in this way as
+might have been anticipated; and his portraits, his china, and his
+miniatures were probably his best possessions. For the rest, he was
+an indiscriminate rather than an eclectic collector; and there was
+also considerable truth in that strange 'attraction from the great
+to the little, and from the useful to the odd,' which Macaulay has
+noted. Many of the marvels at Strawberry would never have found a
+place in the treasure-houses--say of Beckford or Samuel Rogers. It
+is difficult to fancy Bermingham's fables in paper on looking-glass,
+or Hubert's cardcuttings, or the fragile mosaics of Mrs. Delany
+either at Fonthill or St. James's Place. At the same time, it should
+be remembered that several of the most trivial or least defensible
+objects were presents which possibly reflected rather the charity of
+the recipient than the good taste of the giver. All the articles over
+which Macaulay lingers--Wolsey's hat, Van Tromp's pipe-case, and King
+William's spurs--were obtained in this way; and (with a laugher) Horace
+Walpole, who laughed a good deal himself, would probably have made as
+merry as the most mirth-loving spectator could have desired. But such
+items gave a heterogeneous character to the gathering, and turned what
+might have been a model museum into an old curiosity-shop. In any case,
+however, it was a memorable curiosity-shop, and in this modern era of
+_bric-à-brac_ would probably attract far more serious attention than
+it did in those practical and pre-æsthetic days of 1842, when it fell
+under the hammer of George Robins.[205]
+
+[205] See Mr. Robins's _Catalogue of the Classic Contents of Strawberry
+Hill_, etc. (1842), 4to. It is compiled in his well-known grandiloquent
+manner; but includes an account of the Castle by Harrison Ainsworth,
+together with many interesting details. It gave rise to a humorous
+squib by Crofton Croker, entitled _Gooseberry Hall_, with 'Puffatory
+Remarks,' and cuts.
+
+Walpole's record as a politician is a brief one, and if his influence
+upon the questions of his time was of any importance, it must have been
+exercised unobtrusively. During the period of the 'great Walpolean
+battle,' as Junius styled the struggle that culminated in the downfall
+of Lord Orford, he was a fairly regular attendant in the House of
+Commons; and, as we have seen, spoke in his father's behalf when the
+motion was made for an enquiry into his conduct. Nine years later, he
+moved the address, and a few years later still, delivered a speech upon
+the employment of Swiss Regiments in the Colonies. Finally he resigned
+his 'senatorial dignity,' quitting the scene with the valediction of
+those who depreciate what they no longer desire to retain. 'What could
+I see but sons and grandsons playing over the same knaveries, that I
+have seen their fathers and grandfathers act? Could I hear oratory
+beyond my Lord Chatham's? Will there ever be parts equal to Charles
+Townshend's? Will George Grenville cease to be the most tiresome of
+beings?'[206] In his earlier days he was a violent Whig,--at times
+almost a Republican' (to which latter phase of his opinions must be
+attributed the transformation of King Charles's death-warrant into
+'Major Charta'); 'in his old and enfeebled age,' says Miss Berry,
+'the horrors of the first French Revolution made him a Tory; while he
+always lamented, as one of the worst effects of its excesses, that
+they must necessarily retard to a distant period the progress and
+establishment of religious liberty.' He deplored the American War, and
+disapproved the Slave Trade; but, in sum, it is to be suspected that
+his main interest in politics, after his father's death, and apart
+from the preservation throughout an 'age of small factions' of his own
+uncertain sinecures, was the good and ill fortune of the handsome and
+amiable, but moderately eminent statesman, General Conway. It was for
+Conway that he took his most active steps in the direction of political
+intrigue; and perhaps his most important political utterance is the
+_Counter Address to the Public on the late Dismission of a General
+Officer_, which was prompted by Conway's deprivation of his command for
+voting in the opposition with himself in the debate upon the illegality
+of general warrants. Whether he would have taken office if it had been
+offered to him, may be a question; but his attitude, as disclosed
+by his letters, is a rather hesitating _nolo episcopari_. The most
+interesting result of his connection with public affairs is the series
+of sketches of political men dispersed through his correspondence,
+and through the posthumous _Memoirs_ published by Lord Holland and
+Sir Denis Le Marchant. Making every allowance for his prejudices
+and partisanship (and of neither can Walpole be acquitted), it is
+impossible not to regard these latter as highly important contributions
+to historical literature. Even Mr. Croker admits that they contain 'a
+considerable portion of voluntary or involuntary truth;' and such an
+admission, when extorted from Lord Beaconsfield's 'Rigby,' of whom no
+one can justly say that he was ignorant of the politics of Walpole's
+day, has all the weight which attaches to a testimonial from the
+enemy.[207]
+
+[206] _Walpole to Montagu_, 12 March, 1768.
+
+[207] The full titles of these memoirs are _Memoires of the last Ten
+Years of the Reign of King George II._ Edited by Lord Holland. 2 vols.
+4to., 1822; and _Memoirs of the Reign of King George III._ Edited, with
+Notes, by Sir Denis Le Marchant, Bart. 4 vols. 8vo., 1845. Both were
+reviewed, _more suo_, by Mr. Croker in the _Quarterly_, with the main
+intention of proving that all Walpole's pictures of his contemporaries
+were coloured and distorted by successive disappointments arising
+out of his solicitude concerning the patent places from which he
+derived his income,--in other words (Mr. Croker's words!), that
+'the whole is "a copious polyglot of spleen."' Such an investigation
+was in the favourite line of the critic, and might be expected to
+result in a formidable indictment. But the best judges hold it to
+have been exaggerated, and to-day the method of Mr Croker is more or
+less discredited. Indeed, it is an instance of those quaint revenges
+of the whirligig of Time, that some of his utterances are really
+more applicable to himself than to Walpole. 'His [Walpole's] natural
+inclination [says Croker] was to grope an obscure way through mazes and
+_souterrains_ rather than walk the high road by daylight. He is never
+satisfied with the plain and obvious cause of any effect, and is for
+ever striving after some tortuous solution.' This is precisely what
+unkind modern critics affirm of the Rt. Honourable John Wilson Croker.
+
+This mention of the _Memoirs_ naturally leads us to that final
+consideration, the position of Walpole as an author. Most of the
+productions which fill the five bulky volumes given to the world in
+1798 by Miss Berry's pious care have been referred to in the course
+of the foregoing pages, and it is not necessary to recapitulate them
+here. The place which they occupy in English literature was never a
+large one, and it has grown smaller with lapse of time. Walpole, in
+truth, never took letters with sufficient seriousness. He was willing
+enough to obtain repute, but upon condition that he should be allowed
+to despise his calling and laugh at 'thoroughness.' If masterpieces
+could have been dashed off at a hand-gallop; if antiquarian studies
+could have been made of permanent value by the exercise of mere elegant
+facility; if a dramatic reputation could have been secured by the
+simple accumulation of horrors upon Horror's head,--his might have
+been a great literary name. But it is not thus the severer Muses are
+cultivated; and Walpole's mood was too variable, his industry too
+intermittent, his fine-gentleman self-consciousness too inveterate, to
+admit of his producing anything that (as one of his critics has said)
+deserves a higher title than '_opuscula_.' His essays in the _World_
+lead one to think that he might have made a more than respectable
+essayist, if he had not fallen upon days in which that form of writing
+was practically outworn; and it is manifest that he would have been
+an admirable writer of familiar poetry if he could have forgotten the
+fallacy (exposed by Johnson)[208] that easy verse is easy to write.
+Nevertheless, in the Gothic romance which was suggested by his Gothic
+castle--for, to speak paradoxically, Strawberry Hill is almost as
+much as Walpole the author of the _Castle of Otranto_--he managed to
+initiate a new form of fiction; and by decorating 'with gay strings
+the gatherings of Vertue' he preserved serviceably, in the _Anecdotes
+of Painting_, a mass of curious, if sometimes uncritical, information
+which, in other circumstances, must have been hopelessly lost. If
+anything else of his professed literary work is worthy of recollection,
+it must be a happy squib such as the _Letter of Xo Ho_, a fable such as
+_The Entail_, or an essay such as the pamphlet on Landscape Gardening,
+which even Croker allows to be 'a very elegant history and happy
+elucidation of that charming art.'[209]
+
+[208] _Idler_, No. lxxvii. (6 Oct., 1759).
+
+[209] See Appendix, p. 320. To the advocates of the rival school
+Walpole's utterance, perhaps inevitably, appears in a less favourable
+light. 'Horace Walpole published an _Essay on Modern Gardening_ in
+1785, in which he repeated what other writers had said on the subject.
+This was at once translated, and had a great circulation on the
+Continent. The _jardin à l'Anglaise_ became the rage; many beautiful
+old gardens were destroyed in France and elsewhere; and Scotch and
+English gardeners were in demand all over Europe to renovate gardens in
+the English manner. It is not an exhilarating thought that in the one
+instance in which English taste in a matter of design has taken hold
+on the Continent, it has done so with such disastrous results' (_The
+Formal Garden in England_, 2nd edn., 1892, p. 86).
+
+But it is not by his professedly literary work that he has acquired
+the reputation which he retains and must continue to retain. It
+is as a letter-writer that he survives; and it is upon the vast
+correspondence, of which, even now, we seem scarcely to have reached
+the limits, that is based his surest claim _volitare per ora virum_.
+The qualities which are his defects in more serious productions become
+merits in his correspondence; or, rather, they cease to be defects.
+No one looks for prolonged effort in a gossipping epistle; a weighty
+reasoning is less important than a light hand; and variety pleases more
+surely than symmetry of structure. Among the little band of those who
+have distinguished themselves in this way, Walpole is in the foremost
+rank,--nay, if wit and brilliancy, without gravity or pathos, are to
+rank highest, he is first. It matters nothing whether he wrote easily
+or with difficulty; whether he did, or did not, make minutes of apt
+illustrations or descriptive incidents: the result is delightful. For
+diversity of interest and perpetual entertainment, for the constant
+surprises of an unique species of wit, for happy and unexpected turns
+of phrase, for graphic characterization and clever anecdote, for
+playfulness, pungency, irony, persiflage, there is nothing in English
+like his correspondence. And when one remembers that, in addition,
+this correspondence constitutes a sixty-years' social chronicle of
+a specially picturesque epoch by one of the most picturesque of
+picturesque chroniclers, there can be no need to bespeak any further
+suffrage for Horace Walpole's 'incomparable letters.'
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+
+BOOKS PRINTED AT THE STRAWBERRY HILL PRESS.
+
+⁂ The following list contains all the books mentioned in the
+_Description of the Villa of Mr. Horace Walpole_, etc., 1784, together
+with those issued between that date and Walpole's death. It does _not_
+include the several title-pages and labels which he printed from
+time to time, or the quatrains and verses purporting to be addressed
+by the Press to Lady Rochford, Lady Townshend, Madame de Boufflers,
+the Miss Berrys, and others. Nor does it comprise the pieces struck
+off by Mr. Kirgate, the printer, for the benefit of himself and his
+friends. On the other hand, all the works enumerated here are, with
+three exceptions, described from copies either in the possession of the
+present writer, or to be found in the British Museum and the Dyce and
+Forster Libraries at South Kensington.
+
+
+1757.
+
+ Odes by Mr. Gray. [Greek: Phônanta synethoisi]--Pindar, Olymp. II.
+ [Strawberry Hill Bookplate.] _Printed at Strawberry-Hill, for R. and
+ J. Dodsley in Pall-Mall, MDCCLVII._
+
+ Half-title, 'Odes by Mr. Gray. [Price one Shilling.]'; Title as
+ above; Text, pp. 5-21. 4to. 1,000 copies printed. 'June 25th [1757],
+ I erected a printing-press at my house at Strawberry Hill.' 'Aug.
+ 8th, I published two Odes by Mr. Gray, the first production of my
+ press' (_Short Notes_). 'And with what do you think we open? _Cedite,
+ Romani Impressores_,--with nothing under _Graii Carmina_. I found him
+ [Gray] in town last week: he had brought his two Odes to be printed.
+ I snatched them out of Dodsley's hands' ... (_Walpole to Chute_, 12
+ July, 1757). 'I send you two copies (one for Dr. Cocchi) of a very
+ honourable opening of my press,--two amazing Odes of Mr. Gray; they
+ are Greek, they are Pindaric, they are sublime! consequently, I
+ fear, a little obscure' (_Walpole to Mann_, 4 Aug., 1757). 'You are
+ very particular, I can tell you, in liking Gray's Odes; but you must
+ remember that the age likes Akenside, and did like Thomson! Can the
+ same people like both?' (_Walpole to Montagu_, 25 Aug., 1757).
+
+ To Mr. Gray, on his Odes. [By David Garrick.]
+
+ Single leaf, containing six quatrains (24 lines). 4to. Only six copies
+ are said to have been printed; but it is not improbable that there
+ were more. There is a copy in the Dyce Collection at South Kensington.
+
+ A Journey into England. By Paul Hentzner, in the year M.D.XC.VIII.
+ [Strawberry Hill Bookplate.] _Printed at Strawberry-Hill, MDCCLVII._
+
+ Title, Dedication (2 leaves); 'Advertisement,' i-x; half-title; Latin
+ and English Text on opposite pages, 1 to 103 (double numbers). Sm.
+ 8vo. 220 copies printed. 'In Oct., 1757, was finished at my press an
+ edition of Hentznerus, translated by Mr. Bentley, to which I wrote
+ an advertisement. I dedicated it to the Society of Antiquaries, of
+ which I am a member' (_Short Notes_). 'An edition of Hentznerus, with
+ a version by Mr. Bentley, and a little preface of mine, were prepared
+ [_i. e._, as the first issue of the press], but are to wait [for
+ Gray's _Odes_]' (_Walpole to Chute_, 12 July, 1757).
+
+
+1758.
+
+ A Catalogue of the Royal and Noble Authors of England, with Lists of
+ their Works. _Dove, diavolo! Messer Ludovico, avete pigliato tante
+ coglionerie?_ Card. d'Este, to Ariosto. Vol. i. [Strawberry Hill
+ Bookplate.] _Printed at Strawberry-Hill. MDCCLVIII._
+
+ ---- Vol. ii. [Strawberry Hill Bookplate.] _Printed at
+ Strawberry-Hill. MDCCLVIII._
+
+ Vol. i.,--Title; Dedication of 2 leaves to Lord Hertford;
+ Advertisement, pp. i-viii; half-title; Text, pp. 1-219, and unpaged
+ Index. There is also a frontispiece engraved by Grignion. Vol.
+ ii.,--Half-title; Title; Text, pp. 1-215, and unpaged Index. 8vo.
+ 300 copies issued. A second edition, 'corrected and enlarged,' was
+ printed in 1758 (but dated 1759), in two vols. 8vo., 'for R. and J.
+ Dodsley, in Pallmall; and J. Graham in the Strand.' According to Baker
+ (_Catalogue of Books, etc., printed at the Press at Strawberry Hill_
+ [1810]), 40 copies of a supplement or Postscript to the _Royal and
+ Noble Authors_ were printed by Kirgate in 1786. 'In April, 1758, was
+ finished the first impression of my "Catalogue of Royal and Noble
+ Authors," which I had written the preceding year in less than five
+ months' (_Short Notes_). 'My book is marvellously in fashion, to my
+ great astonishment. I did not expect so much truth and such notions
+ of liberty would have made their fortune in this our day' (_Walpole
+ to Montagu_, 4 May, 1758). 'Dec. 5th [1758] was published the second
+ edition of my "Catalogue of Royal and Noble Authors." Two thousand
+ were printed, but _not_ at Strawberry Hill' (_Short Notes_). 'I have
+ but two motives for offering you the accompanying trifle [_i. e._, the
+ Postscript above referred to].... Coming from my press, I wish it may
+ be added to your Strawberry editions. It is so far from being designed
+ for the public that I have printed but forty copies' (_Walpole to
+ Hannah More_, 1 Jan., 1787).
+
+ An Account of Russia as it was in the Year 1710. By Charles Lord
+ Whitworth. [Strawberry Hill Bookplate.] _Printed at Strawberry-Hill.
+ MDCCLVIII._
+
+ Title, 'Advertisement' pp. i-xxiv; Text, pp. 1-158; Errata, one
+ page. Sm. 8vo. 700 copies printed. 'The beginning of October [1758]
+ I published Lord Whitworth's account of Russia, to which I wrote
+ the advertisement' (_Short Notes_). 'A book has been left at your
+ ladyship's house; it is Lord Whitworth's Account of Russia' (_Walpole
+ to Lady Hervey_, 17 Oct., 1758). Mr. (afterwards Lord) Whitworth was
+ Ambassador to St. Petersburg in the reign of Peter the Great.
+
+ The Mistakes; or, the Happy Resentment. A Comedy. By the late Lord *
+ * * * [Henry Hyde, Lord Hyde and Cornbury.] _London: Printed by S.
+ Richardson, in the Year 1758._
+
+ Title; List of Subscribers, pp. xvi; Advertisement, Prologue, and
+ _Dramatis Personæ_, 2 leaves; Text, 1-83; Epilogue unpaged. Baker
+ gives the following particulars from the _Biographia Dramatica_ as to
+ this book: 'The Author of this Piece was the learned, ingenious, and
+ witty LORD CORNBURY, but it was never acted. He made a present of it
+ to that great Actress, Mrs. PORTER, to make what Emolument she could
+ by it. And that Lady, after his Death, published it by Subscription,
+ at Five Shillings, each Book, which was so much patronized by the
+ Nobility and Gentry that Three Thousand Copies were disposed of.
+ Prefixed to it is a Preface, by Mr. HORACE WALPOLE, at whose Press at
+ Strawberry-Hill it was printed.' Baker adds, 'Mr. Yardley, who when
+ living, kept a Bookseller's Shop in New-Inn-Passage, confirmed this
+ account, by asserting, that he assisted in printing it at that Press.'
+ But Baker nevertheless prefixes an asterisk to the title, which
+ implies that it was 'not printed for Mr. Walpole,' and this probably
+ accounts for Richardson's name on the title-page. By the subscription
+ list, the Hon. Horace Walpole took 21 copies, David Garrick, 38, and
+ Mr. Samuel Richardson, of Salisbury Court, 4. All Walpole says is,
+ 'About the same time [1758] Mrs. Porter published [for her benefit]
+ Lord Hyde's play, to which I had written the advertisement' (_Short
+ Notes_).
+
+ A Parallel; in the Manner of Plutarch: between a most celebrated
+ Man of Florence; and One, scarce ever heard of, in England. By the
+ Reverend Mr. Spence. '--_Parvis componere magna_'--Virgil. [Portrait
+ in circle of Magliabecchi.] _Printed at Strawberry-Hill, by William
+ Robinson; and Sold by Messieurs Dodsley, at Tully's-Head, Pall-Mall;
+ for the Benefit of Mr. Hill. M.DCC.LVIII._
+
+ Title; Text, pp. 4-104. Sm. 8vo. 700 copies printed. '1759. Feb. 2nd.
+ I published Mr. Spence's Parallel of Magliabecchi and Mr. Hill, a
+ tailor of Buckingham; calculated to raise a little sum of money for
+ the latter poor man. Six hundred copies were sold in a fortnight,
+ and it was reprinted in London' (_Short Notes_). 'Mr. Spence's
+ Magliabecchi is published to-day from Strawberry; I believe you saw
+ it, and shall have it; but 'tis not worth sending you on purpose'
+ (_Walpole to Chute_, 2 Feb., 1759).
+
+ Fugitive Pieces in Verse and Prose. _Pereunt et imputantur._
+ [Strawberry Hill Bookplate.] _Printed at Strawberry-Hill, MDCCLVIII._
+
+ Title; Dedication and 'Table of Contents,' iii-vi; Text, 1-219. Sm.
+ 8vo. 200 copies printed. 'In the summer of 1758, I printed some of my
+ own Fugitive Pieces, and dedicated them to my cousin, General Conway'
+ (_Short Notes_). 'March 17 [1759]. I began to distribute some copies
+ of my "Fugitive Pieces," collected and printed together at Strawberry
+ Hill, and dedicated to General Conway' (_ibid._). One of these, which
+ is in the Forster Collection at South Kensington, went to Gray. 'This
+ Book [says a MS. inscription] once belonged to Gray the Poet, and
+ has his autograph on the Title-page. I [_i. e._, George Daniel, of
+ Canonbury] bought it at Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson's Sale Rooms for
+ £1. 19 on Thursday, 28 Augt. 1851, from the valuable collection of Mr.
+ Penn of Stoke.'
+
+
+1760.
+
+ Catalogue of the Pictures and Drawings in the Holbein Chamber at
+ Strawberry Hill. _Strawberry-Hill, 1760._
+
+ Pp. 8. 8vo. [Lowndes.]
+
+ Catalogue of the Collection, of Pictures of the Duke of Devonshire,
+ General Guise, and the late Sir Paul Methuen. _Strawberry-Hill, 1760._
+
+ Pp. 44. 8vo. 12 copies, printed on one side only. [Lowndes.]
+
+ M. Annæi Lucani Pharsalia cum Notis Hugonis Grotii, et Richardi
+ Bentleii. _Multa sunt condonanda in opere postumo._ In Librum iv, Nota
+ 641. [Emblematical vignette.] _Strawberry-Hill, MDCCLX._
+
+ Title, Dedication (by Richard Cumberland to Halifax), and
+ Advertisement (_Ad Lectorem_), 3 leaves; Text, pp. 1-525. 4to. 500
+ copies printed. Cumberland took up the editing when Bentley the
+ younger resigned it. 'I am just undertaking an edition of Lucan, my
+ friend Mr. Bentley having in his possession his father's notes and
+ emendations on the first seven books' (_Walpole to Zouch_, 9 Dec.,
+ 1758). 'I would not _alone_ undertake to correct the press; but I am
+ so lucky as to live in the strictest friendship with Dr. Bentley's
+ only son, who, to all the ornament of learning, has the amiable turn
+ of mind, disposition, and easy wit' (_Walpole to Zouch_, 12 Jan.,
+ 1759). 'Lucan is in poor forwardness. I have been plagued with a
+ succession of bad printers, and am not got beyond the fourth book. It
+ will scarce appear before next winter' (_Walpole to Zouch_, 23 Dec.,
+ 1759). 'My Lucan is finished, but will not be published till after
+ Christmas' (_Walpole to Zouch_, 27 Nov., 1760). 'I have delivered to
+ your brother ... a Lucan, printed at Strawberry, which, I trust, you
+ will think a handsome edition' (_Walpole to Mann_, 27 Jan., 1761).
+
+
+1762.
+
+ Anecdotes of Painting in England; with some Account of the principal
+ Artists; and incidental Notes on other Arts; collected by the late
+ Mr. George Vertue; and now digested and published from his original
+ MSS. By Mr. Horace Walpole. _Multa renascentur quæ jam cecidere._
+ Vol. I. [Device with Walpole's crest.] _Printed by Thomas Farmer at
+ Strawberry-Hill, MDCCLXII._
+
+ ------ _Le sachant Anglois, je crus qu'il m'alloit parler d'edifices
+ et de peintures._ Nouvelle Eloise, vol. i. p. 245. Vol. II. [Device
+ with Walpole's crest.] _Printed by Thomas Farmer at Strawberry-Hill,
+ MDCCLXII._
+
+ ------ Vol. III. (Motto of six lines from Prior's _Protogenes and
+ Apelles_.) _Strawberry-Hill: Printed in the Year MDCCLXIII._
+
+ ------ To which is added the History of the Modern Taste in Gardening.
+ _The Glory of_ Lebanon _shall come unto thee, the Fir-tree, the
+ Pine-tree, and the Box together, to beautify the Place of my
+ Sanctuary, and I will make the Place of my Feet glorious_. Isaiah, lx.
+ 13. Volume the Fourth and last. _Strawberry-Hill: Printed by Thomas
+ Kirgate, MDCCLXXI._
+
+ Vol. i.,--Title, Dedication, Preface, pp. i-xiii; Contents; Text, pp.
+ 1-168, with Appendix and Index unpaged. Vol. ii.,--Title; Text, pp.
+ 1-158, with Appendix, Index, and 'Errata' unpaged; and 'Additional
+ Lives to the First Edition of Anecdotes of Painting in England,' pp.
+ 1-12. Vol. iii.,--Title; pp. 1-155, with Appendix and Index unpaged;
+ and 'Additional Lives to the First Edition of Anecdotes of Painting
+ in England,' pp. 1-4. Vol. iv.,--Title, Dedication, Advertisement
+ (dated October 1, 1780), pp. i-x; Contents; Text, pp. 1-151 (dated
+ August 12, 1770); 'Errata;' pp. x-52; Appendix of one leaf ('Prints
+ by or after Hogarth, discovered since the Catalogue was finished'),
+ and Index unpaged. The volumes are 4to., with many portraits and
+ plates. 600 copies were printed. The fourth volume was in type in
+ 1770, but not issued until Oct., 1780. It was dedicated to the Duke
+ of Richmond,--Lady Hervey, to whom the three earlier volumes had been
+ inscribed, having died in 1768. A second edition of the first three
+ volumes was printed by Thomas Kirgate at Strawberry Hill in 1765.
+ 'Sept. 1st [1759]. I began to look over Mr. Vertue's MSS., which I
+ bought last year for one hundred pounds, in order to compose the Lives
+ of English Painters' (_Short Notes_). '1760, Jan. 1st. I began the
+ Lives of English Artists, from Vertue's MSS. (that is, "Anecdotes of
+ Painting," etc.)' (_ibid._). 'Aug. 14th. Finished the first volume of
+ my "Anecdotes of Painting in England." Sept. 5th, began the second
+ volume. Oct. 23d, finished the second volume' (_ibid._). '1761, Jan.
+ 4th, began the third volume' (_ibid._). 'June 29th, resumed the third
+ volume of my "Anecdotes of Painting," which I had laid aside after
+ the first day' (_ibid._). 'Aug. 22nd, finished the third volume of
+ my "Anecdotes of Painting"' (_ibid._). 'The "Anecdotes of Painting"
+ have succeeded to the press: I have finished two volumes; but as
+ there will at least be a third, I am not determined whether I shall
+ not wait to publish the whole together. You will be surprised, I
+ think, to see what a quantity of materials the industry of one man
+ [Vertue] could amass!' (_Walpole to Zouch_, 27 Nov., 1760.) 'You
+ drive your expectations much too fast, in thinking my "Anecdotes of
+ Painting" are ready to appear, in demanding three volumes. You will
+ see but _two_, and it will be February first' (_Walpole to Montagu_,
+ 30 Dec., 1761). 'I am now publishing the third volume, and another of
+ Engravers' (_Walpole to Dalrymple_, 31 Jan., 1764). 'I have advertised
+ my long-delayed last volume of "Painters" to come out, and must be in
+ town to distribute it' (_Walpole to Lady Ossory_, 23 Sept., 1780).
+ 'I have left with Lord Harcourt for you my new old last volume of
+ "Painters"' (_Walpole to Mason_, 13 Oct., 1780).
+
+
+1763.
+
+ A Catalogue of Engravers, who have been born, or resided in England;
+ digested by Mr. Horace Walpole from the MSS. of Mr. George Vertue; to
+ which is added an Account of the Life and Works of the latter. _And
+ Art reflected Images to Art...._ Pope. _Strawberry-Hill: Printed in
+ the Year MDCCLXIII._
+
+ Title; pp. 1-128, last page dated 'Oct. 10th, 1762;' 'Life of Mr.
+ George Vertue' pp. 1-14; 'List of Vertue's Works,' pp. 1-20, last page
+ dated 'Oct. 22d, 1762;' Index of Names of Engravers, unpaged. 4to.
+ There are several portraits, including one of Vertue after Richardson.
+ 'Aug. 2nd [1762], began the "Catalogue of Engravers." October 10th,
+ finished it' (_Short Notes_). 'The volume of Engravers is printed off,
+ and has been some time; I only wait for some of the plates' (_Walpole
+ to Cole_, 8 Oct., 1763). 'I am now publishing the third volume [of the
+ 'Anecdotes of Painting'], and another of "Engravers"' (_Walpole to
+ Dalrymple_, 31 Jan., 1764).
+
+
+1764.
+
+ Poems by Anna Chamber Countess Temple. [Plate of Strawberry Hill.]
+ _Strawberry-Hill: Printed in the Year MDCCLXIV._
+
+ Title, Verses signed 'Horace Walpole, January 26th, 1764,' Text, 1-34
+ in all. 4to. 100 copies printed by Prat. 'I shall send you, too, Lady
+ Temple's Poems' (_Walpole to Montagu_, 16 July, 1764).
+
+ The Magpie and her Brood, a Fable, from the Tales of Bonaventure des
+ Periers, Valet de Chambre to the Queen of Navarre; addressed to Miss
+ Hotham.
+
+ 4 pp., containing 72 lines,--initialed 'H. W.' 4to. 'Oct. 15th, [1764]
+ wrote the fable of "The Magpie and her Brood" for Miss [Henrietta]
+ Hotham, then near eleven years old, great niece of Henrietta Hobart,
+ Countess Dowager of Suffolk. It was taken from _Les Nouvelles
+ Récréations de Bonaventure des Periers_, Valet-de-Chambre to the Queen
+ of Navarre' (_Short Notes_).
+
+ The Life of Edward Lord Herbert of Cherbury, written by Himself.
+ [Plate of Strawberry Hill.] _Strawberry-Hill: Printed by Prat in the
+ Year MDCCLXIV._
+
+ Title, Dedication, and Advertisement, 5 leaves; Text, pp. 1-171.
+ Folding plate portrait. 4to. 200 copies printed. '1763. Beginning of
+ September wrote the Dedication and Preface to Lord Herbert's Life'
+ (_Short Notes_). 'I have got a most delectable work to print, which I
+ had great difficulty to obtain, and which I must use while I can have
+ it. It is the life of the famous Lord Herbert of Cherbury' (_Letter
+ to the Bishop of Carlisle_, 10 July, 1763). 'It will not be long
+ before I have the pleasure of sending you by far the most curious and
+ entertaining book that my press has produced.... It is the life of
+ the famous Lord Herbert of Cherbury, and written by himself,--of the
+ contents I will not anticipate one word' (_Letter to Mason_, 29 Dec.,
+ 1763). 'The thing most in fashion is my edition of Lord Herbert's
+ Life; people are mad after it, I believe because only two hundred were
+ printed' (_Letter to Montagu_, 16 Dec., 1764). 'This singular work
+ was printed from the original MS. in 1764, at Strawberry-hill, and is
+ perhaps the most extraordinary account that ever was given seriously
+ by a wise man of himself' (Walpole, _Works_, 1798, i. 363).
+
+
+1768.
+
+ Cornélie, Vestale. Tragédie. [By the President Hénault.] _Imprimée à
+ Strawberry-Hill, MDCCLXVIII._
+
+ Title; Dedication '_à Mons. Horace Walpole_,' dated '_Paris ce 27
+ Novembre, 1767_,' pp. iii-iv; 'Acteurs;' Text, 1-91. 8vo. 200 copies
+ printed; 150 went to Paris. Kirgate printed it. 'My press is revived,
+ and is printing a French play written by the old President Hénault.
+ It was damned many years ago at Paris, and yet I think is better than
+ some that have succeeded, and much better than any of _our_ modern
+ tragedies. I print it to please the old man, as he was exceedingly
+ kind to me at Paris; but I doubt whether he will live till it is
+ finished. He is to have a hundred copies, and there are to be but an
+ hundred more, of which you shall have one' (_Letter to Montagu_, 15
+ April, 1768). President Hénault died November, 1770, aged eighty-six.
+
+ The Mysterious Mother. A Tragedy. By Mr. Horace Walpole. _Sit mihi fas
+ audita loqui!_ Virgil. _Printed at Strawberry-Hill: MDCCLXVIII._
+
+ Title, 'Errata,' 'Persons' (2 leaves); Text, pp. 1-120, with
+ Postscript, pp. 1-10 (which see for origin of play). Sm. 8vo. 50
+ copies issued. _The Mysterious Mother_ is reprinted in Walpole's
+ _Works_, 1798, i., pp. 37-129. 'March 15 [1768]. I finished a tragedy
+ called "The Mysterious Mother," which I had begun Dec. 25, 1766'
+ (_Short Notes_). 'I thank you for myself, not for my Play.... I accept
+ with great thankfulness what you have voluntarily been so good as to
+ do for me; and should the Mysterious Mother ever be performed when I
+ am dead, it will owe to you its presentation' (_Walpole to Mason_, 11
+ May, 1769).
+
+
+1769.
+
+ Poems by the Reverend Mr. Hoyland. _Printed at Strawberry Hill:
+ MDCCLXIX._
+
+ Title, Advertisement [by Walpole], pp. i-iv; Text, 1-19. 8vo. 300
+ copies printed. In the British Museum is a copy which simply has
+ 'Printed in the Year 1769.' 'I enclose a short Advertisement for
+ Mr. Hoyland's poems. I mean by it to tempt people to a little more
+ charity, and to soften to him, as much as I can, the humiliation of
+ its being asked for him; if you approve it, it shall be prefixed to
+ the edition' (_Walpole to Mason_, 5 April, 1769).
+
+
+1770.
+
+ Reply to the Observations of the Rev. Dr. Milles, Dean of Exeter, and
+ President of the Society of Antiquaries, on the Ward Robe Account.
+
+ Pp. 24. Six copies printed, dated 28 August, 1770 [Baker]. 'In the
+ summer of this year [1770] wrote an answer to Dr. Milles' remarks on
+ my "Richard the Third"' (_Short Notes_).
+
+
+1772.
+
+ Copies of Seven Original Letters from King Edward VI. to Barnaby
+ Fitzpatrick. _Strawberry-Hill._ _Printed_ in the Year _M.DCC.LXXII_.
+
+ Pp. viii-14. 4to. 200 copies printed. '1771. End of September, wrote
+ the Advertisement to the "Letters of King Edward the Sixth"' (_Short
+ Notes_). 'I have printed "King Edward's Letters," and will bring you a
+ copy' (_Walpole to Mason_, 6 July, 1772).
+
+ Miscellaneous Antiquities; or, a Collection of Curious Papers: either
+ republished from _scarce Tracts_, or now first printed from _original_
+ MSS. Number I. To be continued occasionally. _Invenies illic et festa
+ domestica vobis. Sæpe tibi Pater est, sæpe legendus Avus._ Ovid. Fast.
+ Lib. 1. _Strawberry-Hill: Printed by Thomas Kirgate, M.DCC.LXXII._
+
+ Title, 'Advertisement,' pp. i-iv; Text, 1-48. 4to. 500 copies printed.
+ 'I have since begun a kind of Desiderata Curiosa, and intend to
+ publish it in numbers, as I get materials; it is to be an Hospital
+ of Foundlings; and though I shall not take in all that offer, there
+ will be no enquiry into the nobility of the parents; nor shall I care
+ how heterogeneous the brats are' (_Walpole to Mason_, 6 July, 1772).
+ 'By that time too I shall have the first number of my "Miscellaneous
+ Antiquities" ready. The first essay is only a republication of some
+ tilts and tournaments' (_Walpole to Mason_, 21 July, 1772).
+
+ Miscellaneous Antiquities; or, a Collection of Curious Papers: either
+ republished from _scarce Tracts_, or now first printed from _original_
+ MSS. Number II. To be continued occasionally. _Invenies illic et
+ festa domestica vobis. Sæpe tibi Pater est, sæpe legendus Avus._
+ Ovid. Fast. Lib. i. _Strawberry-Hill: Printed by Thomas Kirgate_,
+ M.DCC.LXXII.
+
+ Title and Text, pp. 1-62. 500 copies printed. 'In July [1772] wrote
+ the "Life of Sir Thomas Wyat [the Elder]," No. II. of my edition of
+ "Miscellaneous Antiquities"' (_Short Notes_).
+
+ Memoires du Comte de Grammont, par Monsieur le Comte Antoine Hamilton.
+ Nouvelle Edition, augmentée de Notes & d'Eclaircissemens, necessaires,
+ par M. Horace Walpole. _Des gens qui écrivent pour le Comte de
+ Grammont, peuvent compter sur quelque indulgence._ V. l'Epitre prelim.
+ p. xviii. _Imprimée à Strawberry-Hill, M.DCC.LXXII._
+
+ Title, Dedication, 'Avis de L'Editeur,' 'Avertissement,' 'Epitre à
+ Monsieur le Comte de Grammont,' 'Table des Chapitres,' 'Errata,' pp.
+ xxiv; Text, pp. 1-290: 'Table des personnes,' 3 pp. Portraits of
+ Hamilton, Mdlle. d'Hamilton, and Philibert Comte de Grammont. 4to.
+ 100 copies printed; 30 went to Paris. It was dedicated to Madame du
+ Deffand, as follows: '_L'Editeur vous consacre cette Edition, comme un
+ monument de son Amitié, de son Admiration, & de son Respect; à Vous,
+ dont les Grâces, l'Esprit, & le Goût retracent au siecle présent le
+ siecle de Louis quatorze & les agremens de l'Auteur de ces Mémoires._'
+ 'I want to send you these [the _Miscellaneous Antiquities_] ... and a
+ "Grammont," of which I have printed only a hundred copies, and which
+ will be extremely scarce, as twenty-five copies are gone to France'
+ (_Walpole to Cole_, 8 Jan., 1773).
+
+
+1774.
+
+ A Description of the Villa of Horace Walpole. [Plate of Strawberry
+ Hill.] A Description of the Villa of Horace Walpole, youngest son
+ of Sir Robert Walpole Earl of Orford, at Strawberry-Hill, near
+ Twickenham. With an Inventory of the Furniture, Pictures, Curiosities,
+ &c. _Strawberry-Hill: Printed by Thomas Kirgate_, M.DCC.LXXIV.
+
+ Two titles; Text, pp. 1-119. 4to. 100 copies printed, 6 on large
+ paper. Many copies have the following: 'Appendix. Pictures and
+ Curiosities added since the Catalogue was printed,' pp. 121-145; 'List
+ of the Books printed at Strawberry-Hill,' unpaged; 'Additions since
+ the Appendix,' pp. 149-152; 'More Additions,' pp. 153-158. Baker
+ speaks of an earlier issue of 65 pp. which we have not met with.
+ Lowndes (_Appendix to Bibliographer's Manual_, 1864, p. 239) states
+ that it was said by Kirgate to have been used by the servants in
+ showing the house, and differed entirely from the editions of 1774 and
+ 1784.
+
+
+1775.
+
+ To Mrs. Crewe. [Verses by Charles James Fox.] N.D.
+
+ Pp. 2. Single leaf. 4to. 300 copies printed. Walpole speaks of these
+ in a letter to Mason dated 12 June, 1774; and he sends a copy of
+ them to him, 27 May, 1775. Mrs. Crewe, the Amoret addressed, was the
+ daughter of Fulke Greville, and the wife of J. Crewe. She was painted
+ by Reynolds as an Alpine shepherdess.
+
+ Dorinda, a Town Eclogue. [By the Hon. Richard Fitzpatrick, brother of
+ the Earl of Ossory.] [Plate of Strawberry Hill.] _Strawberry-Hill:
+ Printed by Thomas Kirgate. M.DCC.LXXV._
+
+ Title; Text, 3-8. 4to. 300 copies printed. 'I shall send you soon
+ Fitzpatrick's "Town Eclogue," from my own furnace. The verses are
+ charmingly smooth and easy....' 'P.S. Here is the Eclogue' (_Letter to
+ Mason_, 12 June, 1774).
+
+
+1778.
+
+ The Sleep-Walker, a Comedy: in two Acts. Translated from the
+ French [of Antoine de Ferriol, Comte de Pont de Veyle], in March,
+ M.DCC.LXXVIII. [By Elizabeth Lady Craven, afterwards Margravine of
+ Anspach.] _Strawberry-Hill: Printed by T. Kirgate, M.DCC.LXXVIII._
+
+ Title, Quatrain, Prologue, Epilogue, Persons, pp. i-viii; Text, 1-56.
+ 8vo. 75 copies printed. The quatrain is by Walpole to Lady Craven,
+ 'on her Translation of the Somnambule.' 'I will send ... for yourself
+ a translation of a French play.... It is not for your reading, but
+ as one of the Strawberry editions, and one of the rarest; for I have
+ printed but seventy-five copies. It was to oblige Lady Craven, the
+ translatress ...' (_Walpole to Cole_, 22 Aug., 1778).
+
+
+1779.
+
+ A Letter to the Editor of the Miscellanies of Thomas Chatterton.
+ _Strawberry-Hill: Printed by T. Kirgate_, M.DCC.LXXIX.
+
+ Half-title; Title; Text, pp. 1-55. The letter is dated at end: 'May
+ 23, 1778.' 8vo. 200 copies printed. '1779. In the preceding autumn
+ had written a defence of myself against the unjust aspersions in the
+ Preface to the Miscellanies of Chatterton. Printed 200 copies at
+ Strawberry Hill this January, and gave them away. It was much enlarged
+ from what I had written in July' (_Short Notes_).
+
+
+1780.
+
+ To the Lady Horatia Waldegrave, on the Death of the Duke of Ancaster.
+ [Verses by Mr. Charles Miller.] N. D.
+
+ Pp. 3, dated at end 'A.D. 1779.' 4to. 150 copies printed. 'I enclose
+ a copy of verses, which I have just printed at Strawberry, only a few
+ copies, and which I hope you will think pretty. They were written
+ three months ago by Mr. Charles Miller, brother of Sir John, on seeing
+ Lady Horatia at Nuneham. The poor girl is better' (_Walpole to Lady
+ Ossory_, 29 Jan., 1780). Lady Horatia Waldegrave was to have been
+ married to the Duke of Ancaster, who died in 1779.
+
+
+1781.
+
+ The Muse recalled, an Ode, occasioned by the Nuptials of Lord Viscount
+ Althorp and Miss Lavinia Bingham, eldest daughter of Charles Lord
+ Lucan, March vi., M.DCC.LXXXI. By William Jones, Esq. [afterwards
+ Sir William Jones]. _Strawberry-Hill: Printed by Thomas Kirgate,
+ M.DCC.LXXXI._
+
+ Title; pp. 1-8. 4to. 250 copies printed. There is a well-known
+ portrait of Lavinia Bingham by Reynolds, in which she wears a straw
+ hat with a blue ribbon.
+
+ A Letter from the Honourable Thomas Walpole, to the Governor and
+ Committee of the Treasury of the Bank of England. _Strawberry-Hill:
+ Printed by Thomas Kirgate, M.DCC.LXXXI._
+
+ Title, and pp. 16 (last blank). 4to. 120 copies printed.
+
+
+1784.
+
+ A Description of the Villa of Mr. Horace Walpole, youngest son of Sir
+ Robert Walpole Earl of Orford, at Strawberry-Hill near Twickenham,
+ Middlesex. With an Inventory of the Furniture, Pictures, Curiosities,
+ &c. _Strawberry-Hill: Printed by Thomas Kirgate, M.DCC.LXXXIV._
+
+ Title; 'Preface.' i-iv; Text, pp. 1-88. 'Errata, etc.,' 'Appendix,'
+ pp. 89-92; 'Curiosities added,' etc., 93-4; 'More Additions,' 95-6.
+ 27 plates. 4to. 200 copies printed. 'The next time he [Sir Horace
+ Mann's nephew] visits you, I may be able to send you a description
+ of my _Galleria_,--I have long been preparing it, and it is almost
+ finished,--with some prints, which, however, I doubt, will convey no
+ very adequate idea of it' (_Walpole to Mann_, 30 Sept., 1784). 'In the
+ list for which Lord Ossory asks, is the Description of this place;
+ now, though printed, I have entirely kept it up [i. e., _held it
+ back_], and mean to do so while I live' (_Walpole to Lady Ossory_, 15
+ Sept., 1787).
+
+
+1785.
+
+ Hieroglyphic Tales. _Schah Baham ne comprenoit jamais bien que les
+ choses absurdes & hors de toute vraisemblance._ Le Sopha, p. 5.
+ _Strawberry-Hill: Printed by T. Kirgate, M.DCC.LXXXV._
+
+ Title; 'Preface,' iii-ix; Text, pp. 50; 'Postscript.' 8vo. Walpole's
+ own MS. note in the Dyce example says, 'Only six copies of this were
+ printed, besides the revised copy.' '1772. This year, the last, and
+ sometime before, wrote some Hieroglyphic Tales. There are only five'
+ (_Short Notes_). 'I have some strange things in my drawer, even
+ wilder than the 'Castle of Otranto,' and called 'Hieroglyphic Tales;'
+ but they were not written lately, nor in the gout, nor, whatever
+ they may seem, written when I was out of my senses' (_Walpole to
+ Cole_, 28 Jan., 1779), 'This [he is speaking of Darwin's _Botanic
+ Garden_] is only the Second Part; for, like my King's eldest daughter
+ in the 'Hieroglyphic Tales,' the First Part is not born yet: no
+ matter' (_Walpole to the Miss Berrys_, 28 April, 1789). In 1822, the
+ _Hieroglyphic Tales_ were reprinted at Newcastle for Emerson Charnley.
+
+ Essay on Modern Gardening, by Mr. Horace Walpole. [Strawberry Hill
+ Bookplate.] Essai sur l'Art des Jardins Modernes, par M. Horace
+ Walpole, traduit en François by M. le Duc de Nivernois, en MDCCLXXXIV.
+ _Imprimé à Strawberry-Hill, par T. Kirgate_, MDCCLXXXV.
+
+ Two titles; English and French Text on opposite pages, 1-94. 4to.
+ 400 copies printed. 'How may I send you a new book printed here?...
+ It is the translation of my 'Essay on Modern Gardens' by the Duc de
+ Nivernois.... You will find it a most beautiful piece of French, of
+ the genuine French spoken by the Duc de la Rochefoucault and Madame de
+ Sévigné, and not the metaphysical galimatias of La Harpe and Thomas,
+ &c., which Madame du Deffand protested she did not understand. The
+ versions of Milton and Pope are wonderfully exact and poetic and
+ elegant, and the fidelity of the whole translation, extraordinary'
+ (_Walpole to Lady Ossory_, 17 Sept., 1785). The original MS. of the
+ Duc de Nivernois--'a most exquisite specimen of penmanship'--was among
+ the papers at Strawberry.
+
+
+1789.
+
+ Bishop Bonner's Ghost. [By Hannah More.] [Plate of Strawberry Hill.]
+ _Strawberry-Hill: Printed by Thomas Kirgate, MDCCLXXXIX._
+
+ Title and argument, 2 leaves; Text, pp. 1-4. 4to. 96 copies printed,
+ 2 on brown paper, one of which was at Strawberry. It was written when
+ Hannah More ('my _imprimée_,' as Walpole calls her) was on a visit to
+ Dr. Beilby Porteus, Bishop of London, at his palace at Fulham, June,
+ 1789. 'I will forgive all your enormities if you will let me print
+ your poem. I like to filch a little immortality out of others, and
+ the Strawberry press could never have a better opportunity' (_Walpole
+ to Hannah More_, 23 June, 1789). 'The enclosed copy of verses pleased
+ me so much, that, though not intended for publication, I prevailed
+ on the authoress, Miss Hannah More, to allow me to take off a small
+ number.' ... 'I have been disappointed of the completion of "Bonner's
+ Ghost," by my rolling press being out of order, and was forced to
+ send the whole impression to town to have the copper-plate taken
+ off.... Kirgate has brought the whole impression, and I shall have
+ the pleasure of sending your Ladyship this with a "Bonner's Ghost"
+ to-morrow morning' (_Walpole to Lady Ossory_, 16-18 July, 1789).
+
+ The History of Alcidalis and Zelida. A tale of the Fourteenth Century.
+ [By Vincent de Voiture.] _Printed at Strawberry-Hill. MDCCLXXXIX._
+
+ Title; Text, pp. 3-96. 8vo. This is a translation of Voiture's
+ unfinished _Histoire d'Alcidalis et de Zelide_. (See _Nouvelles
+ Oeuvres de Monsieur de Voiture. Nouvelle Edition. A Paris, Chez
+ Louis Bilaine, au Palais, au second Pilier de la grand' Salle, à
+ la Palme & au Grand Cesar_, MDCLXXII.) There is a copy in the Dyce
+ Collection. Another was sold in 1823 with the books of John Trotter
+ Brockett, in whose catalogue it was said to be 'surreptitiously
+ printed.' Kirgate had a copy, although Baker does not mention it.
+
+
+Doubtful Date.
+
+ Verses sent to Lady Charles Spencer [Mary Beauclerc, daughter of
+ Lord Vere, and wife of Lord Charles Spencer] with a painted Taffety,
+ occasioned by saying she was low in Pocket and could not buy a new
+ Gown.
+
+ Single leaf. Baker says these were by Anna Chamber, Countess Temple.
+
+ Besides the above, Walpole printed at his press in 1770 vols. i. and
+ ii. of a 4to edition of his works.
+
+
+
+
+INDEX
+
+
+  A.
+
+  _Ædes Walpolianæ_, the, 75-77, 288.
+
+  Amelia, the Princess, 171, 228, 234.
+
+  American Colonies, the war with the, 252, 291.
+
+  _An Account of the Giants_, 189.
+
+  _Anecdotes of Painting_, 142, 150, 241, 295.
+
+  Ashe, Miss, 127-130.
+
+  Ashton, Thomas, 16-19, 58, 59.
+
+
+  B.
+
+  Balmerino, Lord, trial and execution of, 93-97.
+
+  Beauclerk, Lady Diana, 159, 161, 193, 243, 260, 286.
+
+  _Beauties, The_, 104.
+
+  Beauty Room, the, 211.
+
+  Benedict XIV., Pope, 50.
+
+  Bentley, Richard, 136, 137, 146, 148, 161, 214, 224.
+
+  Berry, the Misses Mary and Agnes, 233, 235, 244, 259-263, 265, 285,
+        286, 291.
+
+  Bland, Henry, 12.
+
+  Bologna, visited by Walpole, 42, 43.
+
+  Bracegirdle, Anne, 83.
+
+  Burnet, Bishop Gilbert, 16, 175.
+
+  Burney, Frances, 193, 257.
+
+  Byng, Admiral, 142, 143.
+
+
+  C.
+
+  _Castle of Otranto, The_, 161, 163, 164, 168, 192, 195.
+
+  _Catalogue of Engravers_, 155.
+
+  _Catalogue of Royal and Noble Authors_, 142, 149-152.
+
+  _Catalogue of Strawberry Hill_, 262.
+
+  Charles X. (Comte d'Artois), 172.
+
+  Chartreuse, La Grande, visited by Walpole and Gray, 38.
+
+  Chartreux, Convent of the, described by Walpole, 34, 35.
+
+  Chatterton, Thomas, 196-200.
+
+  Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of, 86, 131, 177;
+    his _Letters_ parodied by Walpole, 236.
+
+  Choiseul, Madame la Duchesse de, 174, 176, 177, 180, 212.
+
+  Christopher Inn, the, 17.
+
+  Chudleigh, Elizabeth, Duchess of Kingston, 230.
+
+  Churchill, Lady Mary (Maria), 49, 63, 67, 100.
+
+  Chute, John, 52, 68, 118, 134, 171, 208.
+
+  Clement XII., Pope, 45.
+
+  Clinton, Henry, Earl of Lincoln, 56.
+
+  Clive, Kitty, 83, 121, 133, 140, 143, 192;
+    _bon mot_ of, 181;
+    allusions to, 213, 217;
+    death of, 255.
+
+  Cocchi, Dr. Antonio, 56.
+
+  Coke, Lady Mary, 169.
+
+  Cole, William, 13, 19, 161, 206, 285.
+
+  Congreve, William, 83.
+
+  Conway, Henry, 12, 31, 35, 36, 38, 40, 82, 87, 91, 105, 108, 150,
+        182, 201.
+
+  Cope, Gen. Sir John, 89.
+
+  Crawford, James, 179.
+
+  Culloden Moor, the battle of, 91, 92.
+
+  Cumberland, William, Duke of, 19, 86, 91, 92, 99, 108, 120, 122,
+        171.
+
+  Cunningham, Peter, 10;
+    his account of a drive with Walpole, 227, 229, 231;
+    his specimens of Walpole's letters, 255;
+    quoted, 212, 231.
+
+
+  D.
+
+  Damer, Anna (Miss Conway), 203, 242, 270.
+
+  Deffand, Madame du (Marie de Vichy-Chamrond), 177, 212;
+    Walpole's first impression of, 177, 178;
+    her conquest of Walpole, 178;
+    Walpole's letter to Gray concerning, 178, 179;
+    her fondness for Walpole, 179, 180;
+    the episode of the snuff-box, 180;
+    Walpole's second visit to, 187, 188;
+    death of, 252;
+    Walpole's letters to, 248, 249;
+    Walpole's adieu to, 251;
+    will of, 252.
+
+  _Delenda est Oxonia_, 124.
+
+  Dodington, Bubb, 92, 120.
+
+  Dryden, John, imitated by Walpole, 60;
+    claimed as great-uncle by Catherine Shorter, 210.
+
+
+  E.
+
+  Easton Neston (Northamptonshire), 23.
+
+  _Epitaphium Vivi Auctoris_, 264.
+
+  Eton College, 11-17.
+
+
+  F.
+
+  Falkirk, the battle of, 91.
+
+  Fielding, Henry, 79, 83, 160, 161, 230, 285.
+
+  Fielding, William, 160.
+
+  Florence, visited by Walpole and Gray, 43-45.
+
+  Fontenoy, the battle of, 87, 88, 104.
+
+  Foote, Samuel, 173.
+
+  Forcalquier, Madame de, 174.
+
+  Fortescue, Lucy, 105.
+
+  Fox, Charles James, his verses on Mrs. Crewe, 240.
+
+  Francklin, Richard, 111, 123.
+
+  Fraser, Simon, Lord Lovat, 97.
+
+  Frederick, Prince of Wales. (_See_ Wales.)
+
+  Freethinking in France, 167, 170.
+
+  French court, presentation of Walpole at the, 171, 172.
+
+
+  G.
+
+  Garrick, David, 83, 140, 146, 186.
+
+  Genlis, Stéphanie Félicité, Madame de, 173, 257.
+
+  Geoffrin, Madame, 175, 182.
+
+  George I., Walpole's visit to, 8-10;
+    the story of the raven, 286.
+    (_See_ Reminiscences.)
+
+  George II., 63. (_See_ Reminiscences.)
+
+  George III. (_See_ Memoirs.)
+
+  Goldsmith, Oliver, 19, 32, 105, 143, 198, 242;
+    Walpole's contempt for, 238, 285.
+
+  Gordon Riots, the, 253.
+
+  Granby, Lord, 129, 131.
+
+  Gray, Thomas, at Eton, 16, 19, 22, 25;
+    travels with Walpole, 29-32;
+    Versailles described by, 32, 33;
+    at Rheims, 35;
+    at Lyons, 38;
+    at La Grande Chartreuse, 38;
+    in Italy, 40-44, 49, 50, 53, 57;
+    his misunderstanding with Walpole, 52-55;
+    subsequent reconciliation, 55, 135;
+    praises Walpole's verse, 59;
+    quoted, 25, 30-34, 37, 38, 51, 59, 83, 97, 105, 115, 134, 135, 137,
+        148, 149, 219;
+    resumes his intimacy with Walpole, 103, 106, 173;
+    visits Strawberry Hill, 135;
+    his indebtedness to Walpole, 135;
+    his Elegy published by Dodsley, 135;
+    the _Poemata-Grayo-Bentleiana_, 137;
+    publication of the _Odes_ at Strawberry Hill, 142-148;
+    detects the Rowley forgeries, 197;
+    portrait of, 213;
+    Walpole's relations with, 285.
+
+  Grenville, George, 290.
+
+
+  H.
+
+  Harrison, Audrey, Lady Townshend, 101, 156.
+
+  Hawkins, Miss, 160, 244;
+    her description of Walpole, 277-279.
+
+  Hénault, Charles-Jean-François, President, 177, 183, 188, 195, 212.
+
+  Hervey, Baron, 123;
+    said to be Walpole's father, 4.
+
+  Hervey, Lady, 120, 171, 175, 201, 224.
+
+  Hill, Robert, the learned tailor, 150.
+
+  _Historic Doubts on Richard III._, 190, 191, 237.
+
+  Hogarth, William, 69, 79, 161, 213, 222, 242.
+
+  Houghton, the seat of the Walpoles, 1, 24, 65, 66, 69, 71, 80, 81;
+    the Houghton pictures sold to Catherine of Russia, 69, 246, 247;
+    Walpole buried at, 268.
+
+  Hume, David, 167, 171, 181-185.
+
+  Hyde Park, robbers in, 125, 126.
+
+
+  I.
+
+  Inn, the Christopher, 16, 17.
+
+  _Inscription for the Neglected Column_, 61.
+
+
+  J.
+
+  Jennings, Frances, Duchess of Tyrconnell, anecdote of, 7;
+    head of, 222.
+
+  Jenyns, Soame, quoted, 127, 131.
+
+  Jephson, Capt. Robert, 237, 239.
+
+  Johnson, Samuel, 55, 84, 236, 285.
+
+
+  K.
+
+  Kendal, the Duchess of, 8, 228, 287.
+
+  Ker, Lord Robert, 91.
+
+  Kilmarnock, Earl, 92;
+    trial and execution of, 93-98.
+
+  King's College, Cambridge, 18-20, 28.
+
+  Kirgate, Thomas, 150, 195, 235.
+
+
+  L.
+
+  Lens, Bernard, 19.
+
+  _Lessons for the Day_, 75.
+
+  _Letter from Xo Ho_, 143, 144, 295.
+
+  Louis XVI. (Duc de Berry), 172.
+
+  Louis XVIII. (Comte de Provence), 172.
+
+
+  M.
+
+  Macaulay, Lord, 229;
+    reviews Lord Dover's edition of Walpole's letters to Mann, 271-273;
+    letters to Hannah Macaulay quoted, 271, 272;
+    Lady Holland irritated by, 272;
+    his opinion of Walpole, 273-275.
+
+  McLean, James, robs Walpole, 125, 126;
+    is imprisoned, 126;
+    becomes a fashionable lion, 126;
+    is executed, 126.
+
+  Mann, Sir Horace, 43, 44, 47, 61, 69, 201, 254;
+    death of, 255;
+    Walpole's affection for, 286.
+
+  Mason, Rev. William, 53, 197, 202.
+
+  _Memoirs of the Reign of King George III._, 189, 292.
+
+  Middleton, Dr. Conyers, 286;
+    praises Walpole's attainments, 57, 58.
+
+  Montagu, Lieut.-Gen. Charles, K. C. B., 14.
+
+  Montagu, Brig-Gen. Edward, 14.
+
+  Montagu, George, M. P., 14, 17, 21, 29, 187, 201, 286.
+
+  Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley, 4, 48, 133;
+    described by Walpole, 49-51;
+    quoted, 50, 102.
+
+  Mont Cenis, 40.
+
+  Moore, Edward, 131.
+
+  More, Hannah, 258, 264, 285.
+
+  Müntz (German artist), 138, 142, 146, 210, 279.
+
+  _Mysterious Mother, The_, 190-193;
+    Byron's praise of, 193;
+    printed at the Strawberry Hill Press, 195;
+    illustrated by Lady Di. Beauclerk, 243.
+
+
+  N.
+
+  _Nature will Prevail_, 239.
+
+  Neale, Betty, 130.
+
+  Neuhoff, Baron ('Theodore, King of Corsica'), 132, 142.
+
+  Nolkejumskoi. (_See_ Cumberland, William, Duke of.)
+
+
+  O.
+
+  Officina Arbuteana. (_See_ Strawberry Hill.)
+
+  Orford, George, third Earl of (nephew of Horace Walpole), 69, 141,
+        202, 245, 247, 263.
+
+  Orford, Horace, fourth Earl of. (_See_ Walpole, Horace.)
+
+  Orford, Robert, first Earl of. (_See_ Walpole, Sir Robert.)
+
+  Orford, Robert, second Earl of. (_See_ Walpole, Robert.)
+
+  Ossory, Lady, 202;
+    letters of Walpole to, 207, 233, 246, 247, 252, 260, 266.
+
+
+  P.
+
+  Paris, Walpole's first visit to, 31, 32;
+    state of society in, 166-168;
+    second visit to, 169, 173-181;
+    third visit to, 186, 187, 189;
+    fourth visit to, 249.
+
+  _Parish Register of Twickenham, The_, 158, 160, 161, 245.
+
+  Parodies by Walpole, 77, 236.
+
+  Patapan, 66.
+
+  Petersham, Lady Caroline, 127-130, 285.
+
+  Picture Gallery at Houghton, 69, 71, 246, 247.
+
+  Pinkerton, John, his _Walpoliana_ quoted, 3, 10, 84, 220, 258, 279,
+        280, 281;
+    a favourite of Walpole, 256;
+    his description of Walpole, 279-282.
+
+  Pomfret, Lady, 47-50, 101.
+
+  Pope, Alexander, 103, 109, 139, 216.
+
+  Preston Pans, the battle of, 89.
+
+  Prévost d'Exiles, M. l'Abbé Antoine-François, 31.
+
+  Prior, Matthew, criticised by Walpole, 76, 77.
+
+  Pulteney, William, Earl of Bath, 62, 64, 151, 228.
+
+
+  Q.
+
+  Quadruple Alliance, the, 14;
+    ended, 18, 19.
+
+  Queensberry, the Duke of, 231.
+
+  Quinault, Jeanne-Françoise, 32.
+
+
+  R.
+
+  Radnor, Lord, his Chinese summer-house, 119.
+
+  Ranelagh Gardens, the, 85, 86.
+
+  _Reminiscences of the Courts of George the I. and II._, written for
+        the Misses Berry, 262.
+
+  Reynolds, Sir Joshua, 241.
+
+  Richardson, Samuel, 167, 171.
+
+  Robinson, William, 146, 147, 150, 156.
+
+  Rochford, Lady, 156, 157.
+
+  Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 181, 182;
+    sham letter from Frederick the Great to, 182, 183;
+    anger of, 184;
+    his quarrel with Hume, 184.
+
+
+  S.
+
+  Saint-Cyr, Walpole's visit to, 188.
+
+  Saunderson, Professor Nicholas, 20.
+
+  Scott, Samuel, 139.
+
+  Scott, Sir Walter, his study of the _Castle of Otranto_, 164, 165.
+
+  Selwyn, George Augustus, 13, 138, 168, 231.
+
+  _Sermon on Painting, The_, 71-76.
+
+  Shenstone, William, 149.
+
+  Shirley, Lady Fanny, 160.
+
+  Shirley, the Hon. Sewallis, 102, 103, 202.
+
+  Shorter, Catherine (Lady Walpole), 3, 4, 210;
+    death of, 24;
+    burial of, 25;
+    Dryden claimed as great-uncle to, 210.
+
+  Shorter, Sir John, Lord Mayor of London, 3.
+
+  _Short Notes_, Walpole's, quoted, 5, 11, 17, 35, 56, 80, 124, 152,
+        189, 239.
+
+  Skerret, Maria, 4, 49, 63, 210.
+
+  Smollett, Tobias, 101, 105.
+
+  Spence, Professor Joseph, 50, 55, 56, 150.
+
+  Sterne, Laurence, 173.
+
+  Strawberry Hill (Twickenham), Walpole removes to, 86;
+    description of, 107-124, 146, 147, 208;
+    previous tenants of, 109, 110;
+    additions to, 111, 204, 205;
+    the Gothic castle at, 113-119;
+    views executed by Müntz, 138;
+    private printing-press at, 142, 145, 146;
+    described by William Robinson, 146-148;
+    works published at the Officina Arbuteana, 149-151 (_see_
+        Appendix), 152;
+    _Description of the Villa at_, 195, 201, 208;
+    fêtes at, 205, 206;
+    ground plan of the villa at, 208;
+    China Closet and China Room at, 210;
+    the Yellow Bedchamber (Beauty Room), 211;
+    Breakfast Room, 212, 213;
+    plan of principal floor, 212;
+    Green Closet, 213;
+    Library, 214;
+    Blue Bedchamber, 214;
+    Armoury, 214;
+    the Red Bedchamber, 216;
+    the Holbein Chamber, 216;
+    the Star Chamber, 217;
+    the Gallery, 204, 218;
+    the Round Tower, 220;
+    the Cabinet (Tribune), 220;
+    collection of rarities, 220, 221;
+    the Great North Bedchamber, 218, 221;
+    the Great Cloister, 223;
+    the Chapel, 223;
+    the Flower Garden, 112, 224;
+    Gothicism of the villa, 225, 226;
+    bequeathed to Mrs. Damer, 270;
+    subsequent disposal of, 270.
+
+  Stuart, Prince Charles Edward (the Chevalier), his descent on
+        Scotland, 88, 96;
+    temporary success of, 90, 91, 96;
+    escape of, 91.
+
+  Stuart, Lady Louisa, her _Introductory Anecdotes_ quoted, 14-16, 22,
+        23.
+
+  Suffolk, the Countess of (Mrs. Howard), 9, 122, 139, 157, 201.
+
+  Swift, Jonathan, 19, 103, 139.
+
+
+  T.
+
+  Townshend, Charles, Viscount, 6, 156.
+
+  Townshend, Lady. (_See_ Harrison, Audrey.)
+
+  Tragedy in England, Walpole's opinion of, 194, 195.
+
+  Triumvirate, the, 14.
+
+  Twickenham. (See Strawberry Hill.)
+
+
+  V.
+
+  Vane, Henry, Earl of Darlington, 128.
+
+  Vauxhall, 84, 128-131.
+
+  Versailles, visited by Walpole, 32, 171-173.
+
+  _Verses on the Suppression of the Late Rebellion_, 98-100.
+
+  Vertue, George, the engraver, 69, 70, 77, 154, 216.
+
+  Voltaire, François-Marie-Arouet de, 178, 190.
+
+
+  W.
+
+  Wales, Frederick, Prince of, 24, 61, 86, 87;
+    composes a _chanson_ on the battle of Fontenoy, 87;
+    wins £800 from Lord Granby, 131.
+
+  Walpol, Sir Henry de, 1.
+
+  Walpole, Dorothy, Lady Townshend, 6, 210.
+
+  Walpole, Sir Edward, Knight of the Bath, 2.
+
+  ----, Sir Edward (brother of Horace), 100, 202, 203;
+    the daughters of, 203;
+    death of, 256.
+
+  ----, George (third Earl of Orford), 141, 202, 245.
+
+  ----, Horace (Horatio), his ancestry, 1-4;
+    scandal regarding his birth, 3, 4;
+    early childhood, 5-10;
+    his visit to George I., 9;
+    his appearance as a boy, 11;
+    his school-days at Eton, 11-17;
+    his scholarship, 12, 19, 20;
+    his companions at Eton, 13-16;
+    enters Lincoln's Inn, 16;
+    enters King's College, Cambridge, 18;
+    his university studies, 19, 20;
+    the 'triumvirate,' 19;
+    the 'quadruple alliance,' 18, 19;
+    literary productions at Cambridge, 24;
+    appointed Inspector of Imports and Exports, 27;
+    becomes Usher of the Exchequer, Controller of the Pipe, and Clerk
+        of the Estreats, 27, 28;
+    leaves college, 28;
+    travels with Gray, 29;
+    visits France, 30-39;
+    in Switzerland, 39;
+    crosses the Alps, 40;
+    in Italy, 41-56;
+    his description of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, 49;
+    his misunderstanding with Gray, 52-55;
+    his illness in Florence, 55;
+    his return to England, 56;
+    becomes Member of Parliament for Callington, 56;
+    poetical _Epistle to Thomas Ashton_, 58, 59;
+    praised by Gray, 59;
+    his letters to Mann, 61, 65, 88;
+    his first speech in Parliament, 64;
+    his _Sermon on Painting_, 71-75;
+    the _Ædes Walpolianæ_, 75-77;
+    his parodies, 78, 236;
+    his paper against Lord Bath, 78;
+    his father's death, 79, 80;
+    receives legacy from his father, 80, 81;
+    his criticism of Mrs. Woffington and of Garrick, 83;
+    removes to Twickenham, 86;
+    his _Verses on the Suppression of the Late Rebellion_, 98, 99;
+    epilogue to _Tamerlane_, 98;
+    marriage of his sisters, 100;
+    his criticism of Lady Orford, 101, 102;
+    his contributions to _The Museum_, 103;
+    his poem, _The Beauties_, 104, 105;
+    resides at Windsor, 106;
+    his description of Strawberry Hill, 107-120, 147, 195, 205, 206,
+        227 (_see_ Strawberry Hill);
+    his papers in _The Remembrancer_, 124;
+    his tract, _Delenda est Oxonia_, 124;
+    is robbed in Hyde Park, 125, 126;
+    his account of Vauxhall, 128-131;
+    his papers in _The World_, 131;
+    his reconciliation with Gray, 134;
+    his admiration of Gray's poetry, 135-137;
+    is chosen Member of Parliament for Castle Rising, 141;
+    for Lynn, 142;
+    his _Castle of Otranto_, 142, 163, 168, 169;
+    publishes Gray's _Odes_, 142, 148;
+    his _Catalogue of Royal and Noble Authors_, 142, 149, 151;
+    his first _Memoirs_, 142;
+    his _Letter from Xo Ho_, 143, 145, 295;
+    his other _Catalogues_, 145, 149, 151;
+    establishes the Officina Arbuteana, 145;
+    his publications, 149-151 (_see_ Appendix), 153, 154, 165;
+    his _Catalogue of Engravers_, 155;
+    his _Anecdotes of Painting_, 152, 156, 241, 243;
+    his occasional pieces (_The Magpie and her Brood_, _Dialogue between
+        two Great Ladies_, _The Garland_, _The Parish Register_), 157,
+        158, 245;
+    his second visit to Paris, 167-181;
+    is presented to the royal family, 171-173;
+    sham letter to Rousseau, 182;
+    visits Bath, 186;
+    his third visit to Paris, 187;
+    his _Account of the Giants_, 189;
+    begins his _Memoirs of the Reign of George III._, 189;
+    retires from Parliament, 189;
+    his letters to the _Public Advertiser_, 190;
+    his _Historic Doubts on Richard III._, 190, 191;
+    his tragedy, _The Mysterious Mother_, 191, 192, 195;
+    his relations with Chatterton, 196-200;
+    his fondness for his nieces, 203;
+    his correspondence, 235;
+    his minor writings, 236-239;
+    his _Nature will Prevail_, 239;
+    his fourth visit to Paris, 249;
+    his correspondence in French, 248;
+    his farewell to Madame du Deffand, 251, 252;
+    his acquaintance with Hannah More, 258;
+    his friendship with the Misses Berry, 259-263, 265, 286, 291;
+    his _Reminiscences_, 262;
+    his _Catalogue of Strawberry Hill_, 262;
+    succeeds his nephew as Earl of Orford, 263;
+    his _Epitaphium Vivi Auctoris_, 264;
+    his last letter to Lady Ossory, 267, 268;
+    his death and burial, 268;
+    disposal of his estate, 269, 270;
+    Lord Macaulay's criticism of, 271-276;
+    portraits and descriptions of, 276-278;
+    Pinkerton's reminiscences of, 280-282;
+    his character as a man, 284-287;
+    as a virtuoso, 288, 289;
+    as a politician, 290-292;
+    as an author, 293, 294.
+
+  ---- of Walterton, Horatio, Baron, 6, 219.
+
+  ----, Maria (Lady Waldegrave), 203, 205.
+
+  ----, Lady Mary (Countess of Cholmondeley), 67, 100.
+
+  ----, Reginald de, 1.
+
+  ----, Sir Robert (first Earl of Orford), ancestry of, 1, 2;
+    first marriage of, 3;
+    second marriage of, 49;
+    decline of his political power, 61, 62;
+    resigns the premiership, 63;
+    is created Earl of Orford, 63;
+    intrigues against Pulteney, 64;
+    prevents his own disgrace, 64, 65;
+    death of, 78-80;
+    will of, 81.
+
+  ----, Robert (second Earl of Orford), 85, 102, 129.
+
+  ----, Lady Robert (Countess of Orford), 48, 101, 102, 202;
+    death of, 256.
+
+  ----, Col. Robert, M. P., 2.
+
+  ----, William, 3.
+
+  Walpoles of Houghton, pedigree of the, 1;
+    spelled Walpol, 1.
+
+  _Walpoliana_, Pinkerton's, 3, 10, 84, 256, 258, 279-282.
+
+  Walsingham, Melusina de Schulemberg, Countess of, 9.
+
+  Wesley, John, Walpole's description of, 186.
+
+  West, Richard, 15, 16, 103.
+
+  Whitehead, Paul, 139.
+
+  Wilkes, John, 173.
+
+  Williams, George James, 138, 168, 203.
+
+  Williams, Sir Charles Hanbury, 13, 131.
+
+  William Henry, Duke of Gloucester, marries Maria Walpole, 203.
+
+  Woffington, Margaret, 83.
+
+
+  X.
+
+  _Xo Ho, Letter of_, 143, 144.
+
+
+  Y.
+
+  Yarmouth, the Countess of (Madame de Walmoden), 9.
+
+
+  Z.
+
+  Zouch, Rev. Henry, 196;
+    Walpole's letters to, quoted, 152-155, 285.
+
+
+Transcriber’s Notes:
+
+Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.
+
+Minor punctuation and printer errors repaired.
+
+Every effort has been made to replicate this text as faithfully as
+possible, including obsolete and variant spellings, inconsistent
+punctuation, and other inconsistencies.
+
+Obvious printer’s errors corrected.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Horace Walpole, by Austin Dobson
+
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+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Horace Walpole, by Austin Dobson
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
+other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
+whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
+the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
+www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
+to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
+
+Title: Horace Walpole
+       A memoir
+
+Author: Austin Dobson
+
+Release Date: December 4, 2016 [EBook #53649]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HORACE WALPOLE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Clarity, Christopher Wright, and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/frontis.jpg" alt="Frontispiece - Portrait of Walpole" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<p class="ph2">HORACE WALPOLE</p>
+
+<p class="ph3"><em>After Rosalba</em></p>
+
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+
+<h1><span class="smcap">Horace Walpole</span></h1>
+
+<p class="ph3"><em>A MEMOIR</em></p>
+
+<p class="ph3">WITH AN APPENDIX OF BOOKS PRINTED AT
+THE STRAWBERRY-HILL PRESS</p>
+
+<p class="ph4">BY</p>
+
+<p class="ph2">AUSTIN DOBSON</p>
+
+<p class="ph3">
+NEW YORK<br />
+DODD, MEAD AND COMPANY<br />
+</p>
+<p class="ph4"><span class="smcap">Publishers</span></p>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+
+
+<p class="center">
+<i>Copyright, 1890</i>,<br />
+<span class="smcap">By Dodd, Mead and Company</span>.</p>
+<p class="mt4 center"><span class="oldeng">University Press:</span><br />
+<span class="smcap">John Wilson and Son, Cambridge, U.S.A.</span>
+</p>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[v]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<h2>CONTENTS.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<table class="toc" summary="Contents">
+    <tr>
+      <td class="cht">CHAPTER I.</td>
+        <td class="pag"><span class="smcap">Page</span></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+    <td class="chaptitle">The Walpoles of Houghton.&mdash;Horace Walpole born, 24
+    September, 1717.&mdash;Lady Louisa Stuart's Story.&mdash;Scattered
+    Facts of his Boyhood.&mdash;Minor Anecdotes&mdash;'La
+    belle Jennings.'&mdash;The Bugles.&mdash;Interview with
+    George I. before his Death.&mdash;Portrait at this time.&mdash;Goes
+    to Eton, 26 April, 1727.&mdash;His Studies and Schoolfellows.&mdash;The
+    'Triumvirate,' the 'Quadruple Alliance.'&mdash;Entered
+    at Lincoln's Inn, 27 May, 1731.&mdash;Leaves
+    Eton, September, 1734.&mdash;Goes to King's College, Cambridge,
+    11 March, 1735.&mdash;His University Studies.&mdash;Letters
+    from Cambridge.&mdash;Verses in the <cite>Gratulatio</cite>.&mdash;Verses
+    in Memory of Henry VI.&mdash;Death of Lady Walpole,
+    20 August, 1737</td>
+        <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_1">1</a></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+    <td class="cht">CHAPTER II.</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+
+
+    <td class="chaptitle">Patent Places under Government.&mdash;Starts with Gray on the
+    Grand Tour, March, 1739.&mdash;From Dover to Paris.&mdash;Life
+    at Paris.&mdash;Versailles.&mdash;The Convent of the Chartreux.&mdash;Life
+    at Rheims.&mdash;A <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Fête Galante</i>.&mdash;The
+    Grande Chartreuse.&mdash;Starts for Italy.&mdash;The tragedy
+    <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">[vi]</a></span>of Tory.&mdash;Turin; Genoa.&mdash;Academical Exercises at
+    Bologna.&mdash;Life at Florence.&mdash;Rome; Naples: Herculaneum.&mdash;The
+    Pen of Radicofani.&mdash;English at Florence.&mdash;Lady
+    Mary Wortley Montagu.&mdash;Preparing for Home.&mdash;Quarrel
+    with Gray.&mdash;Walpole's Apologia; his Illness,
+    and return to England.</td>
+      <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_27">27</a></td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+    <td class="cht">CHAPTER III.</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+
+
+    <td class="chaptitle">Gains of the Grand Tour.&mdash;'Epistle to Ashton.'&mdash;Resignation
+    of Sir Robert Walpole, who becomes Earl of
+    Orford.&mdash;Collapse of the Secret Committee.&mdash;Life at
+    Houghton.&mdash;The Picture Gallery.&mdash;'A Sermon on
+    Painting.'&mdash;Lord Orford as Moses.&mdash;The 'Ædes
+    Walpolianæ.'&mdash;Prior's 'Protogenes and Apelles.'&mdash;Minor
+    Literature.&mdash;Lord Orford's Decline and Death;
+    his Panegyric.&mdash;Horace Walpole's Means.</td>
+      <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_57">57</a></td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+    <td class="cht">CHAPTER IV.</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+
+
+    <td class="chaptitle">Stage-gossip and Small-talk.&mdash;Ranelagh Gardens.&mdash;Fontenoy
+    and Leicester House.&mdash;Echoes of the '45.&mdash;Preston
+    Pans.&mdash;Culloden.&mdash;Trial of the Rebel Lords.&mdash;Deaths
+    of Kilmarnock and Balmerino.&mdash;Epilogue
+    to <cite>Tamerlane</cite>&mdash;Walpole and his Relatives.&mdash;Lady
+    Orford.&mdash;Literary Efforts.&mdash;The Beauties.&mdash;Takes a
+    House at Windsor.</td>
+      <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_82">82</a></td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+    <td class="cht">CHAPTER V.</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+
+
+    <td class="chaptitle">The New House at Twickenham.&mdash;Its First Tenants.&mdash;Christened
+    'Strawberry Hill.'&mdash;Planting and Embellishing.&mdash;Fresh
+    <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[vii]</a></span>Additions.&mdash;Walpole's Description
+    of it in 1753.&mdash;Visitors and Admirers.&mdash;Lord Bath's
+    Verses.&mdash;Some Rival Mansions.&mdash;Minor Literature.&mdash;Robbed
+    by James Maclean.&mdash;Sequel from <cite>The
+    World</cite>.&mdash;The Maclean Mania.&mdash;High Life at Vauxhall.&mdash;Contributions
+    to <cite>The World</cite>.&mdash;Theodore of
+    Corsica.&mdash;Reconciliation with Gray.&mdash;Stimulates his
+    Works.&mdash;The <cite>Poëmata-Grayo-Bentleiana</cite>.&mdash;Richard
+    Bentley.&mdash;Müntz the Artist.&mdash;Dwellers at Twickenham.&mdash;Lady
+    Suffolk and Mrs. Clive.</td>
+      <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_107">107</a></td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+    <td class="cht">CHAPTER VI.</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+
+
+    <td class="chaptitle">Gleanings from the <cite>Short Notes</cite>.&mdash;<cite>Letter from Xo Ho.</cite>&mdash;The
+    Strawberry Hill Press.&mdash;Robinson the Printer.&mdash;Gray's
+    <cite>Odes</cite>.&mdash;Other Works.&mdash;<cite>Catalogue of Royal
+    and Noble Authors.</cite>&mdash;<cite>Anecdotes of Painting.</cite>&mdash;Humours
+    of the Press.&mdash;<cite>The Parish Register of
+    Twickenham.</cite>&mdash;Lady Fanny Shirley.&mdash;Fielding.&mdash;<cite>The
+    Castle of Otranto.</cite></td>
+      <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_141">141</a></td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+    <td class="cht">CHAPTER VII.</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+
+    <td class="chaptitle">State of French Society in 1765.&mdash;Walpole at Paris.&mdash;The
+    Royal Family and the Bête du Gévaudan.&mdash;French
+    Ladies of Quality.&mdash;Madame du Deffand.&mdash;A Letter
+    from Madame de Sévigné.&mdash;Rousseau and the King of
+    Prussia.&mdash;The Hume-Rousseau Quarrel.&mdash;Returns to
+    England, and hears Wesley at Bath.&mdash;Paris again.&mdash;Madame
+    du Deffand's Vitality.&mdash;Her Character.&mdash;Minor
+    Literary Efforts.&mdash;The <cite>Historic Doubts</cite>.&mdash;The
+    <cite>Mysterious Mother</cite>.&mdash;Tragedy in England.&mdash;Doings
+    of the Strawberry Press.&mdash;Walpole and Chatterton.</td>
+      <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_166">166</a></td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+    <td class="cht">CHAPTER VIII.</td><td>&nbsp;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">[viii]</a></span></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+    <td class="chaptitle">Old Friends and New.&mdash;Walpole's Nieces.&mdash;Mrs.
+    Damer.&mdash;Progress of Strawberry Hill.&mdash;Festivities
+    and Later Improvements.&mdash;<cite>A Description</cite>, etc., 1774.&mdash;The
+    House and Approaches.&mdash;Great Parlour, Waiting
+    Room, China Room, and Yellow Bedchamber.&mdash;Breakfast
+    Room.&mdash;Green Closet and Blue Bedchamber.&mdash;Armoury
+    and Library.&mdash;Red Bed-chamber, Holbein
+    Chamber, and Star Chamber.&mdash;Gallery.&mdash;Round
+    Drawing Room and Tribune.&mdash;Great North Bed-chamber.&mdash;Great
+    Cloister and Chapel.&mdash;Walpole on
+    Strawberry.&mdash;Its Dampness.&mdash;A Drive from Twickenham
+    to Piccadilly.</td>
+      <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_201">201</a></td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+    <td class="cht">CHAPTER IX.</td><td>&nbsp;</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+    <td class="chaptitle">Occupations and Correspondence.&mdash;Literary Work.&mdash;Jephson
+    and the Stage.&mdash;<cite>Nature will Prevail.</cite>&mdash;Issues
+    from the Strawberry Press.&mdash;Fourth Volume
+    of the <cite>Anecdotes of Painting</cite>.&mdash;The Beauclerk Tower
+    and Lady Di.&mdash;George, third Earl of Orford.&mdash;Sale
+    of the Houghton Pictures.&mdash;Moves to Berkeley Square.&mdash;Last
+    Visit to Madame du Deffand.&mdash;Her Death.&mdash;Themes
+    for Letters.&mdash;Death of Sir Horace Mann.&mdash;Pinkerton,
+    Madame de Genlis, Miss Burney, Hannah
+    More.&mdash;Mary and Agnes Berry.&mdash;Their Residence at
+    Twickenham.&mdash;Becomes fourth Earl of Orford.&mdash;<cite>Epitaphium
+    vivi Auctoris.</cite>&mdash;The Berrys again.&mdash;Death
+    of Marshal Conway.&mdash;Last Letter to Lady Ossory.&mdash;Dies
+    at Berkeley Square, 2 March, 1797.&mdash;His Fortune
+    and Will.&mdash;The Fate of Strawberry.</td>
+      <td class="pag"> <a href="#Page_232">232</a></td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+    <td class="cht">CHAPTER X.</td><td>&nbsp;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_ix" id="Page_ix">[ix]</a></span></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+    <td class="chaptitle">Macaulay on Walpole.&mdash;Effect of the <cite>Edinburgh</cite> Essay.&mdash;Macaulay
+    and Mary Berry.&mdash;Portraits of Walpole.&mdash;Miss
+    Hawkins's Description.&mdash;Pinkerton's Rainy
+    Day at Strawberry.&mdash;Walpole's Character as a Man;
+    as a Virtuoso; as a Politician; as an Author and Letter-writer.</td>
+      <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_271">271</a></td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+    <td class="cht"><span class="smcap">Appendix</span></td>
+      <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_299">299</a></td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+    <td class="cht"><span class="smcap">Index</span></td>
+      <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_325">325</a></td>
+    </tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[1]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr class="chap break-before" />
+
+
+<p class="ph2">HORACE WALPOLE:</p>
+
+<p class="ph3">A Memoir.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+<div class="chapter">
+<h2>CHAPTER I.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+<p>The Walpoles of Houghton.&mdash;Horace Walpole born, 24 September,
+1717.&mdash;Lady Louisa Stuart's Story.&mdash;Scattered
+Facts of his Boyhood.&mdash;Minor Anecdotes.&mdash;'La belle
+Jennings.'&mdash;The Bugles.&mdash;Interview with George I. before
+his Death.&mdash;Portrait at this time.&mdash;Goes to Eton, 26 April,
+1727.&mdash;His Studies and Schoolfellows.&mdash;The 'Triumvirate,'
+the 'Quadruple Alliance.'&mdash;Entered at Lincoln's Inn,
+27 May, 1731.&mdash;Leaves Eton, September, 1734.&mdash;Goes to
+King's College, Cambridge, 11 March, 1735.&mdash;His University
+Studies.&mdash;Letters from Cambridge.&mdash;Verses in the <cite>Gratulatio</cite>.&mdash;Verses
+in Memory of Henry VI.&mdash;Death of Lady
+Walpole, 20 August, 1737.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>The Walpoles of Houghton, in Norfolk, ten
+miles from King's Lynn, were an ancient
+family, tracing their pedigree to a certain Reginald
+de Walpole who was living in the time of
+William the Conqueror. Under Henry II.
+there was a Sir Henry de Walpol of Houton
+and Walpol; and thenceforward an orderly procession
+of Henrys and Edwards and Johns (all<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[2]</a></span>
+'of Houghton') carried on the family name to
+the coronation of Charles II., when, in return
+for his vote and interest as a member of the
+Convention Parliament, one Edward Walpole
+was made a Knight of the Bath. This Sir
+Edward was in due time succeeded by his son,
+Robert, who married well, sat for Castle Rising,<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a>
+one of the two family boroughs (the other being
+King's Lynn, for which his father had been
+member), and reputably filled the combined
+offices of county magnate and colonel of militia.
+But his chief claim to distinction is that his
+eldest son, also a Robert, afterwards became
+the famous statesman and Prime Minister to
+whose 'admirable prudence, fidelity, and success'
+England owes her prosperity under the
+first Hanoverians. It is not, however, with the
+life of 'that corrupter of parliaments, that dissolute
+tipsy cynic, that courageous lover of peace
+and liberty, that great citizen, patriot, and statesman,'&mdash;to
+borrow a passage from one of Mr.
+Thackeray's graphic vignettes,&mdash;that these pages
+are concerned. It is more material to their purpose
+to note that in the year 1700, and on the
+30th day of July in that year (being the day of the
+death of the Duke of Gloucester, heir presump<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span>tive
+to the crown of England), Robert Walpole,
+junior, then a young man of three-and-twenty,
+and late scholar of King's College, Cambridge,
+took to himself a wife. The lady chosen was
+Miss Catherine Shorter, eldest daughter of John
+Shorter, of Bybrook, an old Elizabethan red-brick
+house near Ashford in Kent. Her grandfather,
+Sir John Shorter, had been Lord Mayor
+of London under James II., and her father was
+a Norway timber merchant, having his wharf
+and counting-house on the Southwark side of
+the Thames, and his town residence in Norfolk
+Street, Strand, where, in all probability, his
+daughter met her future husband. They had
+a family of four sons and two daughters. One
+of the sons, William, died young. The third
+son, Horatio,<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> or Horace, born, as he himself
+tells us, on the 24th September, 1717, O. S., is
+the subject of this memoir.</p>
+
+<p>With the birth of Horace Walpole is connected
+a scandal so industriously repeated by
+his later biographers that (although it has
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span>received far more attention than it deserves) it
+can scarcely be left unnoticed here. He had,
+it is asserted, little in common, either in tastes
+or appearance, with his elder brothers Robert
+and Edward, and he was born eleven years after
+the rest of his father's children. This led to a
+suggestion which first found definite expression
+in the <cite>Introductory Anecdotes</cite> supplied by Lady
+Louisa Stuart to Lord Wharncliffe's edition of
+the works of her grandmother, Lady Mary
+Wortley Montagu.<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> It was to the effect that
+Horace was not the son of Sir Robert Walpole,
+but of one of his mother's admirers, Carr, Lord
+Hervey, elder brother of Pope's 'Sporus,' the
+Hervey of the <cite>Memoirs</cite>. It is advanced in
+favour of this supposition that his likeness to
+the Herveys, both physically and mentally, was
+remarkable; that the whilom Catherine Shorter
+was flighty, indiscreet, and fond of admiration;
+and that Sir Robert's cynical disregard of his
+wife's vagaries, as well as his own gallantries
+(his second wife, Miss Skerret, had been his
+mistress), were matters of notoriety. On the
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span>other hand, there is no indication that any suspicion
+of his parentage ever crossed the mind of
+Horace Walpole himself. His devotion to his
+mother was one of the most consistent traits in
+a character made up of many contradictions;
+and although between the frail and fastidious
+virtuoso and the boisterous, fox-hunting Prime
+Minister there could have been but little sympathy,
+the son seems nevertheless to have sedulously
+maintained a filial reverence for his father,
+of whose enemies and detractors he remained,
+until his dying day, the implacable foe. Moreover,
+it must be remembered that, admirable as
+are Lady Louisa Stuart's recollections, in speaking
+of Horace Walpole she is speaking of one
+whose caustic pen and satiric tongue had never
+spared the reputation of the vivacious lady
+whose granddaughter she was.</p>
+
+<p>With this reference to what can be, at best,
+but an insoluble question, we may return to the
+story of Walpole's earlier years. Of his childhood
+little is known beyond what he has himself
+told in the <cite>Short Notes of my Life</cite> which
+he drew up for the use of Mr. Berry, the nominal
+editor of his works.<a name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a> His godfathers, he
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span>says, were the Duke of Grafton and his father's
+second brother, Horatio, who afterwards became
+Baron Walpole of Wolterton. His godmother
+was his aunt, the beautiful Dorothy
+Walpole, who, escaping the snares of Lord
+Wharton, as related by Lady Louisa Stuart,
+had become the second wife of Charles, second
+Viscount Townshend. In 1724, he was 'inoculated
+for the small-pox;' and in the following
+year, was placed with his cousins, Lord Townshend's
+younger sons, at Bexley, in Kent, under
+the charge of one Weston, son to the Bishop of
+Exeter of that name. In 1726, the same course
+was pursued at Twickenham, and in the winter
+months he went to Lord Townshend's. Much
+of his boyhood, however, must have been spent
+in the house 'next the College' at Chelsea, of
+which his father became possessed in 1722. It
+still exists in part, with but little alteration, as
+the infirmary of the hospital, and Ward No. 7 is
+said to have been its dining-room.<a name="FNanchor_5_5" id="FNanchor_5_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> With this,
+or with some other reception-chamber at Chelsea,
+is connected one of the scanty anecdotes of
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span>this time. Once, when Walpole was a boy,
+there came to see his mother one of those formerly
+famous beauties chronicled by Anthony
+Hamilton,&mdash;'la belle Jennings,' elder sister to
+the celebrated Duchess of Marlborough, and
+afterwards Duchess of Tyrconnell. At this date
+she was a needy Jacobite seeking Lady Walpole's
+interest in order to obtain a pension. She
+no longer possessed those radiant charms which
+under Charles had revealed her even through
+the disguise of an orange-girl; and now, says
+Walpole, annotating his own copy of the <cite>Memoirs
+of Grammont</cite>, 'her eyes being dim, and
+she full of flattery, she commended the beauty
+of the prospect; but unluckily the room in
+which they sat looked only against the garden-wall.'<a name="FNanchor_6_6" id="FNanchor_6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a></p>
+
+<p>Another of the few events of his boyhood
+which he records, illustrates the old proverb
+that 'One half of the world knows not how the
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span>other half lives,' rather than any particular phase
+of his biography. Going with his mother to buy
+some bugles (beads), at the time when the opposition
+to his father was at its highest, he notes
+that having made her purchase,&mdash;beads were
+then out of fashion, and the shop was in some
+obscure alley in the City, where lingered unfashionable
+things,&mdash;Lady Walpole bade the
+shopman send it home. Being asked whither,
+she replied, 'To Sir Robert Walpole's.' 'And
+who,' rejoined he coolly, 'is Sir Robert Walpole?'<a name="FNanchor_7_7" id="FNanchor_7_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a>
+But the most interesting incident of
+his youth was the visit he paid to the King,
+which he has himself related in Chapter I. of
+the <cite>Reminiscences</cite>. How it came about he does
+not know, but at ten years old an overmastering
+desire seized him to inspect His Majesty.
+This childish caprice was so strong that his
+mother, who seldom thwarted him, solicited the
+Duchess of Kendal (the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">maîtresse en titre</i>) to
+obtain for her son the honour of kissing King
+George's hand before he set out upon that visit
+to Hanover from which he was never to return.
+It was an unusual request, but being made by
+the Prime Minister's wife, could scarcely be refused.
+To conciliate etiquette and avoid precedent,
+however, it was arranged that the audience
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span>should be in private and at night. 'Accordingly,
+the night but one before the King began
+his last journey [<i>i. e.</i>, on 1 June, 1727], my
+mother carried me at ten at night to the apartment
+of the Countess of Walsingham [Melusina
+de Schulemberg, the Duchess's reputed niece],
+on the ground floor, towards the garden at
+St. James's, which opened into that of her
+aunt, ... apartments occupied by George II.
+after his Queen's death, and by his successive
+mistresses, the Countesses of Suffolk [Mrs.
+Howard] and Yarmouth [Madame de Walmoden].
+Notice being given that the King was
+come down to supper, Lady Walsingham took
+me alone into the Duchess's ante-room, where
+we found alone the King and her. I knelt down,
+and kissed his hand. He said a few words to
+me, and my conductress led me back to my
+mother. The person of the King is as perfect
+in my memory as if I saw him but yesterday.
+It was that of an elderly man, rather pale, and
+exactly like his pictures and coins; not tall; of
+an aspect rather good than august; with a dark
+tie-wig, a plain coat, waistcoat, and breeches of
+snuff-coloured cloth, with stockings of the same
+colour, and a blue ribband over all. So entirely
+was he my object that I do not believe I once
+looked at the Duchess; but as I could not<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span>
+avoid seeing her on entering the room, I remember
+that just beyond His Majesty stood a
+very tall, lean, ill-favoured old lady; but I did
+not retain the least idea of her features, nor
+know what the colour of her dress was.'<a name="FNanchor_8_8" id="FNanchor_8_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a> In
+the <cite>Walpoliana</cite> (p. 25)<a name="FNanchor_9_9" id="FNanchor_9_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_9_9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a> Walpole is made to say
+that his introducer was his father, and that the
+King took him up in his arms and kissed him.
+Walpole's own written account is the more
+probable one. His audience must have been
+one of the last the King granted, for, as already
+stated, it was almost on the eve of his departure;
+and ten days later, when his chariot clattered
+swiftly into the courtyard of his brother's palace
+at Osnabruck, he lay dead in his seat, and the
+reign of his successor had begun.</p>
+
+<p>Although Walpole gives us a description of
+George I., he does not, of course, supply us
+with any portrait of himself. But in Mr. Peter
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span>Cunningham's excellent edition of the <cite>Correspondence</cite>
+there is a copy of an oil-painting belonging
+(1857) to Mrs. Bedford of Kensington,
+which, upon the faith of a Cupid who points
+with an arrow to the number ten upon a dial,
+may be accepted as representing him about the
+time of the above interview. It is a full length
+of a slight, effeminate-looking lad in a stiff-skirted
+coat, knee-breeches, and open-breasted
+laced waistcoat, standing in a somewhat affected
+attitude at the side of the afore-mentioned sundial.
+He has dark, intelligent eyes, and a profusion
+of light hair curling abundantly about his
+ears and reaching to his neck. If the date given
+in the <cite>Short Notes</cite> be correct, he must have
+already become an Eton boy, since he says that
+he went to that school on the 26th April, 1727,
+and he adds in the <cite>Reminiscences</cite> that he shed a
+flood of tears for the King's death, when, 'with
+the other scholars at Eton College,' he walked
+in procession to the proclamation of his successor.
+Of the cause of this emotion he seems
+rather doubtful, leaving us to attribute it partly
+to the King's condescension in gratifying his
+childish loyalty, partly to the feeling that, as the
+Prime Minister's son, it was incumbent on him
+to be more concerned than his schoolfellows;
+while the spectators, it is hinted, placed it to the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span>
+credit of a third and not less cogent cause,&mdash;the
+probability of that Minister's downfall. Of
+this, however, as he says, he could not have had
+the slightest conception. His tutor at Eton
+was Henry Bland, eldest son of the master
+of the school. 'I remember,' says Walpole,
+writing later to his relative and schoolfellow
+Conway, 'when I was at Eton, and Mr. Bland
+had set me an extraordinary task, I used sometimes
+to pique myself upon not getting it,
+because it was not immediately my school business.
+What, learn more than I was absolutely
+forced to learn! I felt the weight of learning
+that, for I was a blockhead, and pushed up
+above my parts.' That, as the son of the great
+Minister, he was pushed, is probably true; but,
+despite his own disclaimer, it is clear that his abilities
+were by no means to be despised. Indeed,
+one of the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">pièces justificatives</i> in the story of
+Lady Louisa Stuart, though advanced for another
+purpose, is distinctly in favour of something
+more than average talent. Supporting her theory
+as to his birth by the statement that in his boyhood
+he was left so entirely in the hands of his
+mother as to have little acquaintance with his
+father, she goes on to say that 'Sir Robert
+Walpole took scarcely any notice of him, till his
+proficiency at Eton School, when a lad of some<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span>
+standing, drew his attention, and proved that
+whether he had or had not a right to the name
+he went by, he was likely to do it honour.'<a name="FNanchor_10_10" id="FNanchor_10_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_10_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a>
+Whatever this may be held to prove, it certainly
+proves that he was not the blockhead he declares
+himself to have been.</p>
+
+<p>Among his schoolmates he made many friends.
+For his cousins, Henry (afterwards Marshal)
+Conway and Lord Hertford, Conway's elder
+brother, he formed an attachment which lasted
+through life, and many of his best letters were
+written to these relatives. Other associates
+were the later lyrist, Charles Hanbury Williams,
+and the famous wit, George Augustus Selwyn,
+both of whom, if the child be father to the
+man, must be supposed to have had unusual
+attractions for their equally witty schoolmate.
+Another contemporary at school, to whom, in
+after life, he addressed many letters, was William
+Cole, subsequently to develop into a laborious
+antiquary, and probably already exhibiting
+proclivities towards 'tall copies' and black
+letter. But his chiefest friends, no doubt,
+were grouped in the two bodies christened
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span>respectively the 'triumvirate' and the 'quadruple
+alliance.'</p>
+
+<p>Of these the 'triumvirate' was the less important.
+It consisted of Walpole and the two sons of
+Brigadier-General Edward Montagu. George,
+the elder, afterwards M.P. for Northampton,
+and the recipient of some of the most genuine
+specimens of his friend's correspondence, is
+described in advanced age as 'a gentleman-like
+body of the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">vieille cour</i>,' usually attended by a
+younger brother, who was still a midshipman at
+the mature age of sixty, and whose chief occupation
+consisted in carrying about his elder's
+snuff-box. Charles Montagu, the remaining
+member of the 'triumvirate,' became a Lieut.-General
+and Knight of the Bath. But it was
+George, who had 'a fine sense of humour, and
+much curious information,' who was Walpole's
+favourite. 'Dear George,'&mdash;he writes to him
+from Cambridge,&mdash;'were not the playing fields
+at Eton food for all manner of flights? No old
+maid's gown, though it had been tormented
+into all the fashions from King James to King
+George, ever underwent so many transformations
+as those poor plains have in my idea. At first
+I was contented with tending a visionary flock,
+and sighing some pastoral name to the echo of
+the cascade under the bridge. How happy<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span>
+should I have been to have had a kingdom only
+for the pleasure of being driven from it, and
+living disguised in an humble vale! As I got
+further into Virgil and Clelia, I found myself
+transported from Arcadia to the garden of Italy;
+and saw Windsor Castle in no other view than
+the <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Capitoli immobile saxum</i>.' Further on he
+makes an admission which need scarcely surprise
+us. 'I can't say I am sorry I was never quite
+a schoolboy: an expedition against bargemen,
+or a match at cricket, may be very pretty things
+to recollect; but, thank my stars, I can remember
+things that are very near as pretty. The
+beginning of my Roman history was spent in
+the asylum, or conversing in Egeria's hallowed
+grove; not in thumping and pummelling King
+Amulius's herdsmen.'<a name="FNanchor_11_11" id="FNanchor_11_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_11_11" class="fnanchor">[11]</a> The description seems
+to indicate a schoolboy of a rather refined and
+effeminate type, who would probably fare ill with
+robuster spirits. But Walpole's social position
+doubtless preserved him from the persecution
+which that variety generally experiences at the
+hands&mdash;literally the hands&mdash;of the tyrants of
+the playground.</p>
+
+<p>The same delicacy of organisation seems to
+have been a main connecting link in the second
+or 'quadruple alliance' already referred to,&mdash;an
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span>alliance, it may be, less intrinsically intimate, but
+more obviously cultivated. The most important
+figure in this quartet was a boy as frail and delicate
+as Walpole himself, 'with a broad, pale
+brow, sharp nose and chin, large eyes, and a
+pert expression,' who was afterwards to become
+famous as the author of one of the most popular
+poems in the language, the <cite>Elegy written in
+a Country Church Yard</cite>. Thomas Gray was at
+this time about thirteen, and consequently somewhat
+older than his schoolmate. Another
+member of the association was Richard West,
+also slightly older, a grandson of the Bishop
+Burnet who wrote the <cite>History of My Own
+Time</cite>, and son of the Lord Chancellor of Ireland.
+West, a slim, thoughtful lad, was the
+most precocious genius of the party, already
+making verses in Latin and English, and making
+them even in his sleep. The fourth member
+was Thomas Ashton, afterwards Fellow of Eton
+College and Rector of St. Botolph, Bishopsgate.
+Such was the group which may be pictured
+sauntering arm in arm through the Eton meadows,
+or threading the avenue which is still
+known as the 'Poet's Walk.' Each of the four
+had his nickname, either conferred by himself
+or by his schoolmates. Ashton, for example,
+was Plato; Gray was Orosmades.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>On 27 May, 1731, Walpole was entered at
+Lincoln's Inn, his father intending him for the
+law. 'But'&mdash;he says in the <cite>Short Notes</cite>&mdash;'I
+never went thither, not caring for the profession.'
+On 23 September, 1734, he left Eton
+for good, and no further particulars of his school-days
+remain. That they were not without their
+pleasant memories may, however, be inferred
+from the letters already quoted, and especially
+from one to George Montagu written
+some time afterwards upon the occasion of a
+visit to the once familiar scenes. It is dated
+from the Christopher Inn, a famous old hostelry,
+well known to Eton boys,&mdash;'The Christopher.
+How great I used to think anybody just landed
+at the Christopher! But here are no boys for
+me to send for; there I am, like Noah, just
+returned into his old world again, with all sorts
+of queer feels about me. By the way, the clock
+strikes the old cracked sound; I recollect so
+much, and remember so little; and want to
+play about; and am so afraid of my playfellows;
+and am ready to shirk Ashton; and
+can't help <em>making fun</em> of myself; and envy a
+dame over the way, that has just locked in her
+boarders, and is going to sit down in a little hot
+parlour to a very bad supper, so comfortably!
+And I could be so jolly a dog if I did not <em>fat</em>,&mdash;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span>which,
+by the way, is the first time the word was
+ever applicable to me. In short, I should be
+out of all <em>bounds</em> if I was to tell you half I
+feel,&mdash;how young again I am one minute, and
+how old the next. But do come and feel with
+me, when you will,&mdash;to-morrow. Adieu! If
+I don't compose myself a little more before
+Sunday morning, when Ashton is to preach
+['Plato' at the date of this letter had evidently
+taken orders], I shall certainly <em>be in a bill for
+laughing at church</em>; but how to help it, to see
+him in the pulpit, when the last time I saw him
+here was standing up funking over against a
+conduit to be catechised.'<a name="FNanchor_12_12" id="FNanchor_12_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_12_12" class="fnanchor">[12]</a></p>
+
+<p>This letter, of which the date is not given,
+but which Cunningham places after March,
+1737, must have been written some time after
+the writer had taken up his residence at Cambridge
+in his father's college of King's.<a name="FNanchor_13_13" id="FNanchor_13_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_13_13" class="fnanchor">[13]</a> This
+he did in March, 1735, following an interval of
+residence in London. By this time the 'quad<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span>ruple
+alliance' had been broken up by the
+defection of West, who, much against his will,
+had gone to Christ Church, Oxford. Ashton
+and Gray had, however, been a year at Cambridge,
+the latter as a fellow-commoner of
+Peterhouse, the former at Walpole's own college,
+King's. Cole and the Conways were
+also at Cambridge, so that much of the old intercourse
+must have been continued. Walpole's
+record of his university studies is of the most
+scanty kind. He does little more than give us
+the names of his tutors, public and private. In
+civil law he attended the lectures of Dr. Dickens
+of Trinity Hall; in anatomy, those of Dr. Battie.
+French, he says, he had learnt at Eton. His
+Italian master at Cambridge was Signor Piazza
+(who had at least an Italian name!), and his
+instructor in drawing was the miniaturist Bernard
+Lens, the teacher of the Duke of Cumberland
+and the Princesses Mary and Louisa. Lens
+was the author of a <cite>New and Complete Drawing
+Book for curious young Gentlemen and Ladies
+that study and practice the noble and commendable
+Art of Drawing, Colouring, etc.</cite>, and is
+kindly referred to in the later <cite>Anecdotes of
+Painting</cite>. In mathematics, which Walpole seems
+to have hated as cordially as Swift and Goldsmith
+and Gray did, he sat at the feet of the blind<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span>
+Professor Nicholas Saunderson, author of the
+<cite>Elements of Algebra</cite>.<a name="FNanchor_14_14" id="FNanchor_14_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_14_14" class="fnanchor">[14]</a> Years afterwards (<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">à
+propos</i> of a misguided enthusiast who had put
+the forty-seventh proposition of Euclid into
+Latin verse) he tells one of his correspondents
+the result of these ministrations: 'I ... was
+always so incapable of learning mathematics
+that I could not even get by heart the multiplication
+table, as blind Professor Saunderson honestly
+told me, above threescore years ago, when
+I went to his lectures at Cambridge. After the
+first fortnight he said to me, 'Young man, it
+would be cheating you to take your money; for
+you can never learn what I am trying to teach
+you.' I was exceedingly mortified, and cried;
+for, being a Prime Minister's son, I had firmly
+believed all the flattery with which I had been
+assured that my parts were capable of anything.
+I paid a private instructor for a year; but, at
+the year's end, was forced to own Saunderson
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span>had been in the right.'<a name="FNanchor_15_15" id="FNanchor_15_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_15_15" class="fnanchor">[15]</a> This private instructor
+was in all probability Mr. Trevigar, who,
+Walpole says, read lectures to him in mathematics
+and philosophy. From other expressions
+in his letters, it must be inferred that his progress
+in the dead languages, if respectable, was
+not brilliant. He confesses, on one occasion,
+his inability to help Cole in a Latin epitaph, and
+he tells Pinkerton that he never was a good
+Greek scholar.</p>
+
+
+<p>His correspondence at this period, chiefly
+addressed to West and George Montagu, is
+not extensive, but it is already characteristic.
+In one of his letters to Montagu he encloses a
+translation of a little French dialogue between
+a turtle-dove and a passer-by. The verses are
+of no particular merit, but in the comment one
+recognizes a cast of style soon to be familiar.
+'You will excuse this gentle nothing, I mean
+mine, when I tell you I translated it out of
+pure good-nature for the use of a disconsolate
+wood-pigeon in our grove, that was made a
+widow by the barbarity of a gun. She coos
+and calls me so movingly, 'twould touch your
+heart to hear her. I protest to you it grieves
+me to pity her. She is so allicholly<a name="FNanchor_16_16" id="FNanchor_16_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_16_16" class="fnanchor">[16]</a> as any
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span>thing. I'll warrant you now she's as sorry as
+one of us would be. Well, good man, he's
+gone, and he died like a lamb. She's an unfortunate
+woman, but she must have patience.'<a name="FNanchor_17_17" id="FNanchor_17_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_17_17" class="fnanchor">[17]</a> In
+another letter to West, after expressing his
+astonishment that Gray should be at Burnham
+in Buckinghamshire, and yet be too indolent to
+revisit the old Eton haunts in his vicinity, he
+goes on to gird at the university curriculum.
+At Cambridge, he says, they are supposed to
+betake themselves 'to some trade, as logic,
+philosophy, or mathematics.' But he has been
+used to the delicate food of Parnassus, and
+can never condescend to the grosser studies
+of Alma Mater. 'Sober cloth of syllogism
+colour suits me ill; or, what's worse, I hate
+clothes that one must prove to be of no colour
+at all. If the Muses <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">cœlique vias et sidera
+monstrent</i>, and <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">quâ vi maria alta tumescant</i>;
+why <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">accipiant</i>: but 'tis thrashing, to study
+philosophy in the abstruse authors. I am not
+against cultivating these studies, as they are
+certainly useful; but then they quite neglect all
+polite literature, all knowledge of this world.
+Indeed, such people have not much occasion for
+this latter; for they shut themselves up from it,
+and study till they know less than any one.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span>Great mathematicians have been of great use;
+but the generality of them are quite unconversible:
+they frequent the stars, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">sub pedibusque
+vident nubes</i>, but they can't see through
+them. I tell you what I see; that by living
+amongst them, I write of nothing else: my letters
+are all parallelograms, two sides equal to
+two sides; and every paragraph an axiom,
+that tells you nothing but what every mortal
+almost knows.'<a name="FNanchor_18_18" id="FNanchor_18_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_18_18" class="fnanchor">[18]</a> In an earlier note he has
+been on a tour to Oxford, and, with a premonition
+of the future connoisseur of Strawberry
+Hill, criticises the gentlemen's seats on
+the road. 'Coming back, we saw Easton
+Neston [in Northamptonshire], a seat of Lord
+Pomfret, where in an old greenhouse is a
+wonderful fine statue of Tully, haranguing a
+numerous assemblage of decayed emperors, vestal
+virgins with new noses, Colossus's, Venus's,
+headless carcases and carcaseless heads, pieces
+of tombs, and hieroglyphics.'<a name="FNanchor_19_19" id="FNanchor_19_19"></a><a href="#Footnote_19_19" class="fnanchor">[19]</a> A little later
+he has been to his father's seat at Houghton:
+'I am return'd again to Cambridge, and can
+tell you what I never expected,&mdash;that I like
+Norfolk. Not any of the ingredients, as Hunting
+or Country Gentlemen, for I had nothing to
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span>do with them, but the county; which a little
+from Houghton is woody, and full of delightfull
+prospects. I went to see Norwich and
+Yarmouth, both which I like exceedingly. I
+spent my time at Houghton for the first week
+almost alone. We have a charming garden, all
+wilderness; much adapted to my Romantick
+inclinations.' In after life the liking for Norfolk
+here indicated does not seem to have
+continued, especially when his father's death
+had withdrawn a part of its attractions. He
+'hated Norfolk,'&mdash;says Mr. Cunningham.
+'He did not care for Norfolk ale, Norfolk
+turnips, Norfolk dumplings, or Norfolk turkeys.
+Its flat, sandy, aguish scenery was not to his
+taste.' He preferred 'the rich blue prospects'
+of his mother's county, Kent.</p>
+
+<p>Of literary effort while at Cambridge, Walpole's
+record is not great. In 1736, he was one
+of the group of university poets&mdash;Gray and
+West being also of the number&mdash;who addressed
+congratulatory verses to Frederick, Prince of
+Wales, upon his marriage with the Princess
+Augusta of Saxe-Gotha; and he wrote a poem
+(which is reprinted in vol. i. of his works) to
+the memory of the founder of King's College,
+Henry VI. This is dated 2 February, 1738.
+In the interim Lady Walpole died. Her son's<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span>
+references to his loss display the most genuine
+regret. In a letter to Charles Lyttelton (afterwards
+the well-known Dean of Exeter, and
+Bishop of Carlisle), which is not included in
+Cunningham's edition, and is apparently dated
+in error September, 1732, instead of 1737,<a name="FNanchor_20_20" id="FNanchor_20_20"></a><a href="#Footnote_20_20" class="fnanchor">[20]</a>
+he dwells with much feeling on 'the surprizing
+calmness and courage which my dear Mother
+show'd before her death. I believe few women
+wou'd behave so well, &amp; I am certain no man
+cou'd behave better. For three or four days
+before she dyed, she spoke of it with less
+indifference than one speaks of a cold; and
+while she was sensible, which she was within
+her two last hours, she discovered no manner
+of apprehension.' That his warm affection for
+her was well known to his friends may be
+inferred from a passage in one of Gray's letters
+to West: 'While I write to you, I hear the
+bad news of Lady Walpole's death on Saturday
+night last [20 Aug., 1737]. Forgive me if the
+thought of what my poor Horace must feel on
+that account, obliges me to have done.'<a name="FNanchor_21_21" id="FNanchor_21_21"></a><a href="#Footnote_21_21" class="fnanchor">[21]</a> Lady
+Walpole was buried in Westminster Abbey,
+where, on her monument in Henry VIIth's
+Chapel, may be read the piously eulogistic
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span>inscription which her youngest son composed
+to her memory,&mdash;an inscription not easy to
+reconcile in all its terms with the current
+estimate of her character. But in August,
+1737, she was considerably over fifty, and had
+probably long outlived the scandals of which
+she had been the subject in the days when
+Kneller and Eckardt painted her as a young
+and beautiful woman.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<h2>CHAPTER II.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+<p>Patent Places under Government.&mdash;Starts with Gray on the
+Grand Tour, March, 1739.&mdash;From Dover to Paris.&mdash;Life
+at Paris.&mdash;Versailles.&mdash;The Convent of the Chartreux.&mdash;Life
+at Rheims.&mdash;A <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Fête Galante</i>.&mdash;The Grande Chartreuse.&mdash;Starts
+for Italy.&mdash;The tragedy of Tory.&mdash;Turin; Genoa.&mdash;Academical
+Exercises at Bologna.&mdash;Life at Florence.&mdash;Rome;
+Naples; Herculaneum.&mdash;The Pen of Radicofani.&mdash;English
+at Florence.&mdash;Lady Mary Wortley Montagu.&mdash;Preparing
+for Home.&mdash;Quarrel with Gray.&mdash;Walpole's Apologia;
+his Illness, and Return to England.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>That, in those piping days of patronage,
+when even very young ladies of quality
+drew pay as cornets of horse, the son of the
+Prime Minister of England should be left unprovided
+for, was not to be expected. While
+he was still resident at Cambridge, lucrative
+sinecures came to Horace Walpole. Soon
+after his mother's death, his father appointed
+him Inspector of Imports and Exports in the
+Custom House,&mdash;a post which he resigned in
+January, 1738, on succeeding Colonel William
+Townshend as Usher of the Exchequer. When,
+later in the year, he came of age (17 September),
+he 'took possession of two other little<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span>
+patent-places in the Exchequer, called Comptroller
+of the Pipe, and Clerk of the Estreats,'
+which had been held for him by a substitute.
+In 1782, when he still filled them, the two
+last-mentioned offices produced together about
+£300 per annum, while the Ushership of the
+Exchequer, at the date of his obtaining it,
+was reckoned to be worth £900 a year.
+'From that time [he says] I lived on my
+own income, and travelled at my own expense;
+nor did I during my father's life receive from
+him but £250 at different times,&mdash;which I say
+not in derogation of his extreme tenderness
+and goodness to me, but to show that I was
+content with what he had given to me, and
+that from the age of twenty I was no charge
+to my family.'<a name="FNanchor_22_22" id="FNanchor_22_22"></a><a href="#Footnote_22_22" class="fnanchor">[22]</a></p>
+
+<p>He continued at King's College for some
+time after he had attained his majority, only
+quitting it formally in March, 1739, not without
+regretful memories of which his future
+correspondence was to bear the traces. If
+he had neglected mathematics, and only moderately
+courted the classics, he had learnt
+something of the polite arts and of modern
+Continental letters,&mdash;studies which would naturally
+lead his inclination in the direction of
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span>the inevitable 'Grand Tour.' Two years
+earlier he had very unwillingly declined an
+invitation from George Montagu and Lord
+Conway to join them in a visit to Italy. Since
+that date his desire for foreign travel, fostered
+no doubt by long conversations with Gray,
+had grown stronger, and he resolved to see
+'the palms and temples of the south' after
+the orthodox eighteenth-century fashion. To
+think of Gray in this connection was but
+natural, and he accordingly invited his friend
+(who had now quitted Cambridge, and was
+vegetating rather disconsolately in his father's
+house on Cornhill) to be his travelling companion.
+Walpole was to act as paymaster;
+but Gray was to be independent. Furthermore,
+Walpole made a will under which, if he
+died abroad, Gray was to be his sole legatee.
+Dispositions so advantageous and considerate
+scarcely admitted of refusal, even if Gray had
+been backward, which he was not. The two
+friends accordingly set out for Paris. Walpole
+makes the date of departure 10 March, 1739;
+Gray says they left Dover at twelve on the
+29th.</p>
+
+<p>The first records of the journey come from
+Amiens in a letter written by Gray to his
+mother. After a rough passage across the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span>
+Straits, they reached Calais at five. Next day
+they started for Boulogne in the then new-fangled
+invention, a post-chaise,&mdash;a vehicle
+which Gray describes 'as of much greater use
+than beauty, resembling an ill-shaped chariot,
+only with the door opening before instead of
+[at] the side.' Of Boulogne they see little,
+and of Montreuil (where later Sterne engaged
+La Fleur) Gray's only record, besides the
+indifferent fare, is that 'Madame the hostess
+made her appearance in long lappets of bone
+lace, and a sack of linsey-woolsey.' From
+Montreuil they go by Abbeville to Amiens,
+where they visit the cathedral, and the chapels
+of the Jesuits and Ursuline Nuns. But the
+best part of this first letter is the little picture
+with which it (or rather as much of it as
+Mason published) concludes. 'The country
+we have passed through hitherto has been
+flat, open, but agreeably diversified with villages,
+fields well cultivated, and little rivers.
+On every hillock is a windmill, a crucifix, or
+a Virgin Mary dressed in flowers and a sarcenet
+robe; one sees not many people or
+carriages on the road; now and then indeed
+you meet a strolling friar, a countryman with
+his great muff, or a woman riding astride on a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span>
+little ass, with short petticoats, and a great
+head-dress of blue wool.'<a name="FNanchor_23_23" id="FNanchor_23_23"></a><a href="#Footnote_23_23" class="fnanchor">[23]</a></p>
+
+<p>The foregoing letter is dated the 1st April,
+and it speaks of reaching Paris on the 3rd.
+But it was only on the evening of Saturday
+the 9th that they rolled into the French
+capital, 'driving through the streets a long
+while before they knew where they were.'
+Walpole had wisely resolved not to hurry,
+and they had besides broken down at Luzarches,
+and lingered at St. Denis over the
+curiosities of the abbey, particularly a vase of
+oriental onyx carved with Bacchus and the
+nymphs, of which they had dreamed ever
+since. At Paris, they found a warm welcome
+among the English residents,&mdash;notably from
+Mason's patron, Lord Holdernesse, and Walpole's
+cousins, the Conways. They seem to
+have plunged at once into the pleasures of the
+place,&mdash;pleasures in which, according to Walpole,
+cards and eating played far too absorbing a
+part. At Lord Holdernesse's they met at supper
+the famous author of <cite>Manon Lescaut</cite>, M. l'Abbé
+Antoine-François Prévost d'Exilles, who had
+just put forth the final volume of his tedious
+and scandalous <cite>Histoire de M. Cléveland, fils
+naturel de Cromwel</cite>. They went to the spec<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span>tacle
+of <cite>Pandore</cite> at the Salle des Machines of
+the Tuileries; and they went to the opera,
+where they saw the successful <cite>Ballet de la Paix</cite>,&mdash;a
+curious hotchpot, from Gray's description,
+of cracked voices and incongruous mythology.
+With the Comédie Française they were better
+pleased, although Walpole, strange to say, unlike
+Goldsmith ten years later, was not able to commend
+the performance of Molière's <cite>L'Avare</cite>.
+They saw Mademoiselle Gaussin (as yet unrivalled
+by the unrisen Mademoiselle Clairon)
+in La Noue's tragedy of <cite>Mahomet Second</cite>, then
+recently produced, with Dufresne in the leading
+male part; and they also saw the prince of
+<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">petits-maîtres</i>, Grandval, acting with Dufresne's
+sister, Mademoiselle Jeanne-Françoise Quinault
+(an actress 'somewhat in Mrs. Clive's
+way,' says Gray), in the <cite>Philosophe marié</cite> of
+Nericault Destouches,&mdash;a charming comedy
+already transferred to the English stage in the
+version by John Kelly of <cite>The Universal
+Spectator</cite>.</p>
+
+<p>Theatres, however, are not the only amusements
+which the two travellers chronicle to
+the home-keeping West. A great part of
+their time is spent in seeing churches and
+palaces full of pictures. Then there is the
+inevitable visit to Versailles, which, in sum,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span>
+they concur in condemning. 'The great
+front,' says Walpole, 'is a lumber of littleness,
+composed of black brick, stuck full of
+bad old busts, and fringed with gold rails.'
+Gray (he says) likes it; but Gray is scarcely
+more complimentary,&mdash;at all events is quite
+as hard upon the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">façade</i>, using almost the
+same phrases of depreciation. It is 'a huge
+heap of littleness,' in hue 'black, dirty red,
+and yellow; the first proceeding from stone
+changed by age; the second, from a mixture
+of brick; and the last, from a profusion of
+tarnished gilding. You cannot see a more
+disagreeable <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">tout ensemble</i>; and, to finish the
+matter, it is all stuck over in many places
+with small busts of a tawny hue between
+every two windows.' The garden, however,
+pleases him better; nothing could be vaster
+and more magnificent than the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">coup d'œil</i>, with
+its fountains and statues and grand canal. But
+the 'general taste of the place' is petty and
+artificial. 'All is forced, all is constrained
+about you; statues and vases sowed everywhere
+without distinction; sugar-loaves and
+minced pies of yew; scrawl work of box, and
+little squirting <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">jets d'eau</i>, besides a great sameness
+in the walks,&mdash;cannot help striking one at
+first sight; not to mention the silliest of laby<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span>rinths,
+and all Æsop's fables in water.'<a name="FNanchor_24_24" id="FNanchor_24_24"></a><a href="#Footnote_24_24" class="fnanchor">[24]</a> 'The
+garden is littered with statues and fountains,
+each of which has its tutelary deity. In particular,
+the elementary god of fire solaces himself
+in one. In another, Enceladus, in lieu of a
+mountain, is overwhelmed with many waters.
+There are avenues of water-pots, who disport
+themselves much in squirting up cascadelins.
+In short, 'tis a garden for a great child.'<a name="FNanchor_25_25" id="FNanchor_25_25"></a><a href="#Footnote_25_25" class="fnanchor">[25]</a>
+The day following, being Whitsunday, they
+witness a grand ceremonial,&mdash;the installation
+of nine Knights of the Saint Esprit: 'high
+mass celebrated with music, great crowd, much
+incense, King, Queen, Dauphin, Mesdames,
+Cardinals, and Court; Knights arrayed by His
+Majesty; reverences before the altar, not bows,
+but curtsies; stiff hams; much tittering among
+the ladies; trumpets, kettle-drums, and fifes.'<a name="FNanchor_26_26" id="FNanchor_26_26"></a><a href="#Footnote_26_26" class="fnanchor">[26]</a></p>
+
+<p>It is Gray who thus summarises the show.
+But we must go to Walpole for the account of
+another expedition, the visit to the Convent of
+the Chartreux, the uncouth horror of which,
+with its gloomy chapel and narrow cloisters,
+seems to have fascinated the Gothic soul of the
+future author of the <cite>Castle of Otranto</cite>. Here,
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span>in one of the cells, they make the acquaintance
+of a fresh initiate into the order,&mdash;the account
+of whose environment suggests retirement rather
+than solitude. 'He was extremely civil, and
+called himself Dom Victor. We have promised
+to visit him often. Their habit is all white: but
+besides this he was infinitely clean in his person;
+and his apartment and garden, which he keeps
+and cultivates without any assistance, was neat
+to a degree. He has four little rooms, furnished
+in the prettiest manner, and hung with good
+prints. One of them is a library, and another a
+gallery. He has several canary-birds disposed
+in a pretty manner in breeding-cages. In his
+garden was a bed of good tulips in bloom,
+flowers and fruit-trees, and all neatly kept.
+They are permitted at certain hours to talk to
+strangers, but never to one another, or to go
+out of their convent.' In the same institution
+they saw Le Sueur's history (in pictures) of St.
+Bruno, the founder of the Chartreux. Walpole
+had not yet studied Raphael at Rome, but
+these pictures, he considered, excelled everything
+he had seen in England and Paris.<a name="FNanchor_27_27" id="FNanchor_27_27"></a><a href="#Footnote_27_27" class="fnanchor">[27]</a></p>
+
+<p>'From thence [Paris],' say Walpole's <cite>Short
+Notes</cite>, 'we went with my cousin, Henry Conway,
+to Rheims, in Champagne, [and] staid there three
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span>months.' One of their chief objects was to
+improve themselves in French. 'You must not
+wonder,' he tells West, 'if all my letters resemble
+dictionaries, with French on one side, and
+English on t'other; I deal in nothing else at
+present, and talk a couple of words of each
+language alternately from morning till night.'<a name="FNanchor_28_28" id="FNanchor_28_28"></a><a href="#Footnote_28_28" class="fnanchor">[28]</a>
+But he does not seem to have yet developed
+his later passion for letter-writing, and the
+'account of our situation and proceedings' is
+still delegated to Gray, some of whose despatches
+at this time are not preserved. There
+is, however, one from Rheims to Gray's mother
+which gives a vivid idea of the ancient French
+Cathedral city, slumbering in its vast vine-clad
+plain, with its picturesque old houses and lonely
+streets, its long walks under the ramparts, and
+its monotonous frog-haunted moat. They have
+no want of society, for Henry Conway procured
+them introductions everywhere; but the
+Rhemois are more constrained, less familiar, less
+hospitable, than the Parisians. Quadrille is the
+almost invariable amusement, interrupted by one
+entertainment (for the Rhemois as a rule give
+neither dinners nor suppers); to wit, a five
+o'clock <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">goûter</i>, which is 'a service of wine,
+fruits, cream, sweetmeats, crawfish, and cheese,'
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span>after which they sit down to cards again. Occasionally,
+however, the demon of impromptu
+flutters these 'set, gray lives,' and (like Dr.
+Johnson) even Rheims must 'have a frisk.'
+'For instance,' says Gray, 'the other evening
+we happened to be got together in a company
+of eighteen people, men and women of the best
+fashion here, at a garden in the town, to walk;
+when one of the ladies bethought herself of
+asking, Why should we not sup here? Immediately
+the cloth was laid by the side of a fountain
+under the trees, and a very elegant supper
+served up; after which another said, Come, let
+us sing; and directly began herself. From
+singing we insensibly fell to dancing, and singing
+in a round; when somebody mentioned the
+violins, and immediately a company of them was
+ordered. Minuets were begun in the open air,
+and then came country dances, which held till
+four o'clock next morning; at which hour the
+gayest lady there proposed that such as were
+weary should get into their coaches, and the rest
+of them should dance before them with the
+music in the van; and in this manner we paraded
+through all the principal streets of the city,
+and waked everybody in it.' Walpole, adds Gray,
+would have made this entertainment chronic.
+But 'the women did not come into it,' and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span>
+shrank back decorously 'to their dull cards, and
+usual formalities.'<a name="FNanchor_29_29" id="FNanchor_29_29"></a><a href="#Footnote_29_29" class="fnanchor">[29]</a></p>
+
+<p>At Rheims the travellers lingered on in the
+hope of being joined by Selwyn and George
+Montagu. In September they left Rheims for
+Dijon, the superior attractions of which town
+made them rather regret their comparative rustication
+of the last three months. From Dijon
+they passed southward to Lyons, whence Gray
+sent to West (then drinking the Tunbridge
+waters) a daintily elaborated conceit touching
+the junction of the Rhone and the Saône.
+While at Lyons they made an excursion to
+Geneva to escort Henry Conway, who had up
+to this time been their companion, on his way
+to that place. They took a roundabout route
+in order to visit the Convent of the Grande
+Chartreuse, and on the 28th Walpole writes to
+West from 'a Hamlet among the mountains of
+Savoy [Echelles].' He is to undergo many transmigrations,
+he says, before he ends his letter.
+'Yesterday I was a shepherd of Dauphiné;
+to-day an Alpine savage; to-morrow a Carthusian
+monk; and Friday a Swiss Calvinist.'
+When he next takes up his pen, he has passed
+through his third stage, and visited the Chartreuse.
+With the convent itself neither Gray
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[39]</a></span>nor his companions seem to have been much
+impressed, probably because their expectations
+had been indefinite. For the approach and the
+situation they had only enthusiasm. Gray is the
+accredited landscape-painter of the party, but
+here even Walpole breaks out: 'The road,
+West, the road! winding round a prodigious
+mountain, and surrounded with others, all
+shagged with hanging woods, obscured with
+pines, or lost in clouds! Below, a torrent
+breaking through cliffs, and tumbling through
+fragments of rocks! Sheets of cascades forcing
+their silver speed down channelled precipices,
+and hastening into the roughened river at the
+bottom! Now and then an old foot bridge,
+with a broken rail, a leaning cross, a cottage, or
+the ruin of an hermitage! This sounds too
+bombast and too romantic to one that has not
+seen it, too cold for one that has. If I could
+send you my letter post between two lovely tempests
+that echoed each other's wrath, you might
+have some idea of this noble roaring scene, as
+you were reading it. Almost on the summit,
+upon a fine verdure, but without any prospect,
+stands the Chartreuse.'<a name="FNanchor_30_30" id="FNanchor_30_30"></a><a href="#Footnote_30_30" class="fnanchor">[30]</a></p>
+
+<p>The foregoing passage is dated Aix-in-Savoy,
+30 September. Two days later, passing by
+Annecy, they came to Geneva. Here they
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span>stayed a week to see Conway settled, and made
+a 'solitary journey' back to Lyons, but by a
+different road, through the spurs of the Jura
+and across the plains of La Bresse. At Lyons
+they found letters awaiting them from Sir Robert
+Walpole, desiring his son to go to Italy,&mdash;a proposal
+with which Gray, only too glad to exchange
+the over-commercial city of Lyons for 'the
+place in the world that best deserves seeing,'
+was highly delighted. Accordingly, we speedily
+find them duly equipped with 'beaver bonnets,
+beaver gloves, beaver stockings, muffs, and
+bear-skins' <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">en route</i> for the Alps. At the foot
+of Mont Cenis their chaise was taken to pieces
+and loaded on mules, and they themselves were
+transferred to low matted legless chairs carried
+on poles,&mdash;a not unperilous mode of progression,
+when, as in this case, quarrels took place
+among the bearers. But the tragedy of the
+journey happened before they had quitted the
+chaise. Walpole had a fat little black spaniel
+of King Charles's breed, named Tory, and he
+had let the little creature out of the carriage for
+the air. While it was waddling along contentedly
+at the horses' heads, a gaunt wolf rushed
+out of a fir wood, and exit poor Tory before
+any one had time to snap a pistol. In later
+years, Gray would perhaps have celebrated this<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span>
+mishap as elegantly as he sang the death of his
+friend's favourite cat; but in these pre-poetic
+days he restricts himself to calling it an 'odd
+accident enough.'<a name="FNanchor_31_31" id="FNanchor_31_31"></a><a href="#Footnote_31_31" class="fnanchor">[31]</a></p>
+
+<p>'After eight days' journey through Greenland,'&mdash;as
+Gray puts it to West,&mdash;they
+reached Turin, where among other English
+they found Pope's friend, Joseph Spence, Professor
+of Poetry at Oxford. Beyond Walpole's
+going to Court, and their visiting an extraordinary
+play called <i lang="it" xml:lang="it">La Rappresentazione dell'
+Anima Dannata</i> (for the benefit of an Hospital),
+a full and particular account of which is contained
+in one of Spence's letters to his mother,<a name="FNanchor_32_32" id="FNanchor_32_32"></a><a href="#Footnote_32_32" class="fnanchor">[32]</a>
+nothing remarkable seems to have happened
+to them in the Piedmontese capital. From
+Turin they went on to Genoa,&mdash;'the happy
+country where huge lemons grow' (as Gray
+quotes, not textually, from Waller),&mdash;whose
+blue sea and vine-trellises they quit reluctantly
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span>for Bologna, by way of Tortona, Piacenza,
+Parma (where they inspect the Correggios in
+the Duomo), Reggio, and Modena. At Bologna,
+in the absence of introductions, picture-seeing
+is their main occupation. 'Except
+pictures and statues,' writes Walpole, 'we
+are not very fond of sights.... Now and then
+we drop in at a procession, or a high mass,
+hear the music, enjoy a strange attire, and hate
+the foul monkhood. Last week was the feast
+of the Immaculate Conception. On the eve
+we went to the Franciscans' church to hear the
+academical exercises. There were moult and
+moult clergy, about two dozen dames, that
+treated one another with <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">illustrissima</i> and brown
+kisses, the vice-legate, the gonfalonier, and
+some senate. The vice-legate ... is a young
+personable person of about twenty, and had on
+a mighty pretty cardinal-kind of habit; 'twou'd
+make a delightful masquerade dress. We asked
+his name: Spinola. What, a nephew of the
+cardinal-legate? <i lang="it" xml:lang="it">Signor, no; ma credo che gli
+sia qualche cosa.</i> He sat on the right hand
+with the gonfalonier in two purple fauteuils.
+Opposite was a throne of crimson damask,
+with the device of the Academy, the Gelati;<a name="FNanchor_33_33" id="FNanchor_33_33"></a><a href="#Footnote_33_33" class="fnanchor">[33]</a>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span>and trimmings of gold. Here sat at a table,
+in black, the head of the Academy, between
+the orator and the first poet. At two semicircular
+tables on either hand sat three poets and
+three; silent among many candles. The chief
+made a little introduction, the orator a long
+Italian vile harangue. Then the chief, the poet,
+the poets,&mdash;who were a Franciscan, an Olivetan,
+an old abbé, and three lay,&mdash;read their
+compositions; and to-day they are pasted up in
+all parts of the town. As we came out of the
+church, we found all the convent and neighbouring
+houses lighted all over with lanthorns of red
+and yellow paper, and two bonfires.'<a name="FNanchor_34_34" id="FNanchor_34_34"></a><a href="#Footnote_34_34" class="fnanchor">[34]</a></p>
+
+<p>In the Christmas of 1739, the friends crossed
+the Apennines, and entered Florence. If they
+had wanted introductions at Bologna, there was
+no lack of them in Tuscany, and they were to
+find one friend who afterwards figured largely
+in Walpole's correspondence. This was Mr.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span>(afterwards Sir Horace) Mann, British Minister
+Plenipotentiary at the Court of Florence. 'He
+is the best and most obliging person in the
+world,' says Gray, and his house, with a brief
+interval, was their residence for fifteen months.
+Their letters from Florence are less interesting
+than those from which quotations have already
+been made, while their amusements seem to
+have been more independent of each other than
+before. Gray occupied himself in the galleries
+taking the notes of pictures and statuary afterwards
+published by Mitford, and in forming a
+collection of MS. music; Walpole, on the other
+hand, had slightly cooled in his eagerness for
+the antique, which now 'pleases him calmly.'
+'I recollect'&mdash;he says&mdash;'the joy I used to
+propose if I could but see the Great Duke's
+gallery; I walk into it now with as little
+emotion as I should into St. Paul's. The
+statues are a congregation of good sort of
+people that I have a great deal of unruffled
+regard for.' The fact was, no doubt, that
+society had now superior attractions. As the
+son of the English Prime Minister, and with
+Mann, who was a relation,<a name="FNanchor_35_35" id="FNanchor_35_35"></a><a href="#Footnote_35_35" class="fnanchor">[35]</a> at his elbow, all
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span>doors were open to him. A correct record of
+his time would probably show an unvaried
+succession of suppers, balls, and masquerades.
+In the carnival week, when he snatches 'a little
+unmasqued moment' to write to West, he says
+he has done nothing lately 'but slip out of his
+domino into bed, and out of bed into his
+domino. The end of the Carnival is frantic,
+bacchanalian; all the morn one makes parties
+in masque to the shops and coffee-houses, and
+all the evening to the operas and balls.' If
+Gray was of these junketings, his letters do not
+betray it. He was probably engaged in writing
+uncomplimentary notes on the Venus de'
+Medici, or transcribing a score of Pergolesi.</p>
+
+<p>The first interruption to these diversions came
+in March, when they quitted Florence for
+Rome in order to witness the coronation of the
+successor of Clement XII., who had died in
+the preceding month. On their road from Siena
+they were passed by a shrill-voiced figure in a
+red cloak, with a white handkerchief on its head,
+which they took for a fat old woman, but which
+afterwards turned out to be Farinelli's rival,
+Senesino. Rome disappointed them,&mdash;especially
+in its inhabitants and general desolation.
+'I am very glad,' writes Walpole, 'that I see
+it while it yet exists;' and he goes on to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span>
+prophesy that before a great number of years it
+will cease to exist. 'I am persuaded,' he says
+again, 'that in an hundred years Rome will not
+be worth seeing; 'tis less so now than one
+would believe. All the public pictures are
+decayed or decaying; the few ruins cannot last
+long; and the statues and private collections
+must be sold, from the great poverty of
+the families.' Perhaps this last consideration,
+coupled with the depressing character of Roman
+hospitality ('Roman conversations are dreadful
+things!' he tells Conway), revived his
+virtuoso tastes. 'I am far gone in medals,
+lamps, idols, prints, etc., and all the small commodities
+to the purchase of which I can attain;
+I would buy the Coliseum if I could.' Meanwhile
+as the cardinals are quarrelling, the
+coronation is still deferred; and they visit
+Naples, whence they explore Herculaneum,
+then but recently exposed and identified. But
+neither Gray nor Walpole waxes very eloquent
+upon this theme,&mdash;probably because at this
+time the excavations were only partial, while
+Pompeii was, of course, as yet under ground.
+Walpole's next letter is written from Radicofani,&mdash;'a
+vile little town at the foot of an old
+citadel,' which again is at 'the top of a black
+barren mountain;' the whole reminding the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span>
+writer of 'Hamilton's Bawn' in Swift's verses.
+In this place, although the traditional residence
+of one of the Three Kings of Cologne, there
+is but one pen, the property of the Governor,
+who when Walpole borrows it, sends it to him
+under 'conduct of a sergeant and two Swiss,'
+with special injunctions as to its restoration,&mdash;a
+precaution which in Walpole's view renders
+it worthy to be ranked with the other precious
+relics of the poor Capuchins of the place,
+concerning which he presently makes rather
+unkindly fun. A few days later they were
+once more in the Casa Ambrosio, Mann's
+pleasant house at Florence, with the river
+running so close to them that they could fish
+out of the windows. 'I have a terreno [ground-floor]
+all to myself,' says Walpole, 'with an
+open gallery on the Arno, where I am now
+writing to you [<i>i. e.</i>, Conway]. Over against
+me is the famous Gallery; and, on either hand,
+two fair bridges. Is not this charming and
+cool?' Add to which, on the bridges aforesaid,
+in the serene Italian air, one may linger all night
+in a dressing-gown, eating iced fruits to the
+notes of a guitar. But (what was even better
+than music and moonlight) there is the society
+that was the writer's 'fitting environment.' Lady
+Pomfret, with her daughters, Lady Charlotte,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span>
+afterwards governess to the children of George
+III., and the beauty Lady Sophia, held a
+'charming conversation' once a week; while
+the Princess Craon de Beauvau has 'a constant
+pharaoh and supper every night, where one is
+quite at one's ease.' Another lady-resident,
+scarcely so congenial to Walpole, was his
+sister-in-law, the wife of his eldest brother,
+Robert, who, with Lady Pomfret, made certain
+(in Walpole's eyes) wholly preposterous pretentions
+to the yet uninvented status of
+blue-stocking. To Lady Walpole and Lady
+Pomfret was speedily added another 'she-meteor'
+in the person of the celebrated Lady
+Mary Wortley Montagu.</p>
+
+<p>When Lady Mary arrived in Florence in the
+summer of 1740, she was a woman of more
+than fifty, and was just entering upon that
+unexplained exile from her country and husband
+which was prolonged for two-and-twenty
+years. Her brilliant abilities were unimpaired;
+but it is probable that the personal eccentricities
+which had exposed her to the satire
+of Pope, had not decreased with years. That
+these would be extenuated under Walpole's
+malicious pen was not to be expected; still
+less, perhaps, that they would be treated justly.
+Although, as already intimated, he was not<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span>
+aware of the scandal respecting himself which
+her descendants were to revive, he had ample
+ground for antipathy. Her husband was the
+bitter foe of Sir Robert Walpole; and she
+herself had been the firm friend and protectress
+of his mother's rival and successor, Miss
+Skerret.<a name="FNanchor_36_36" id="FNanchor_36_36"></a><a href="#Footnote_36_36" class="fnanchor">[36]</a> Accordingly, even before her advent,
+he makes merry over the anticipated issue of
+this portentous 'triple alliance' of mysticism
+and nonsense, and later he writes to Conway:
+'Did I tell you Lady Mary Wortley is here?
+She laughs at my Lady Walpole, scolds my
+Lady Pomfret, and is laughed at by the whole
+town. Her dress, her avarice, and her impudence
+must amaze any one that never heard her
+name. She wears a foul mob, that does not
+cover her greasy black locks, that hang loose,
+never combed or curled; an old mazarine blue
+wrapper, that gaps open and discovers a canvas
+petticoat.... In three words, I will give you
+her picture as we drew it in the <cite>Sortes Virgilianæ</cite>,&mdash;<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Insanam
+vatem aspicies</i>. I give you
+my honour we did not choose it; but Gray,
+Mr. Coke, Sir Francis Dashwood, and I, with
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span>several others, drew it fairly amongst a thousand
+for different people.'<a name="FNanchor_37_37" id="FNanchor_37_37"></a><a href="#Footnote_37_37" class="fnanchor">[37]</a> In justice to Lady Mary
+it is only fair to say that she seems to have
+been quite unconscious that she was an object
+of ridicule, and was perfectly satisfied with her
+reception at Florence. 'Lord and Lady Pomfret'&mdash;she
+tells Mr. Wortley&mdash;'take pains
+to make the place agreeable to me, and I have
+been visited by the greatest part of the people
+of quality.'<a name="FNanchor_38_38" id="FNanchor_38_38"></a><a href="#Footnote_38_38" class="fnanchor">[38]</a> But although Walpole's portrait
+is obviously malicious (some of its details are
+suppressed in the above quotation), it is plain
+that even unprejudiced spectators could not
+deny her peculiarities. 'Lady Mary,' said
+Spence, 'is one of the most shining characters
+in the world, but shines like a comet; she
+is all irregularity, and always wandering; the
+most wise, the most imprudent; loveliest, most
+disagreeable; best-natured, cruellest woman in
+the world: "all things by turns, but nothing
+long."'<a name="FNanchor_39_39" id="FNanchor_39_39"></a><a href="#Footnote_39_39" class="fnanchor">[39]</a></p>
+
+<p>By this time the new pope, Benedict XIV.,
+had been elected. But although the friends
+were within four days journey of Rome, the
+fear of heat and malaria forced them to forego
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span>the spectacle of the coronation. They continued
+to reside with Mann at Florence until
+May in the following year. Upon Gray the
+'violent delights' of the Tuscan capital had
+already begun to pall. It is, he says, 'an
+excellent place to employ all one's animal
+sensations in, but utterly contrary to one's
+rational powers.' Walpole, on the other hand,
+is in his element. 'I am so well within and
+without,' he says in the same letter which
+sketches Lady Mary, 'that you would scarce
+know me: I am younger than ever, think of
+nothing but diverting myself, and live in a round
+of pleasures. We have operas, concerts, and
+balls, mornings and evenings. I dare not tell
+you all of one's idlenesses; you would look so
+grave and senatorial at hearing that one rises at
+eleven in the morning, goes to the opera at nine
+at night, to supper at one, and to bed at three!
+But literally here the evenings and nights are so
+charming and so warm, one can't avoid 'em.'
+In a later letter he says he has lost all curiosity,
+and 'except the towns in the straight road to
+Great Britain, shall scarce see a jot more of a
+foreign land.' Indeed, save a sally concerning
+the humours of 'Moll Worthless' (Lady Mary)
+and Lady Walpole, and the record of the purchase
+of a few pictures, medals, and busts,&mdash;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span>one
+of the last of which, a Vespasian in basalt,
+was subsequently among the glories of the
+Twickenham Gallery,&mdash;his remaining letters
+from Florence contain little of interest. Early
+in 1741, the homeward journey was mapped out.
+They were to go to Bologna to hear the
+Viscontina sing, they were to visit the Fair
+at Reggio, and so by Venice homewards.</p>
+
+<p>But whether the Viscontina was in voice or
+not, there is, as far as our travellers are concerned,
+absence of evidence. No further letter
+of Gray from Florence has been preserved, nor
+is there any mention of him in Walpole's next
+despatch to West from Reggio. At that place
+a misunderstanding seems to have arisen, and
+they parted, Gray going forward to Venice with
+two other travelling companions, Mr. John
+Chute and Mr. Whitehed. In the rather barren
+record of Walpole's story, this misunderstanding
+naturally assumes an exaggerated importance.
+But it was really a very trifling and a very intelligible
+affair. They had been too long together;
+and the first fascination of travel, which formed
+at the outset so close a bond, had gradually
+faded with time. As this alteration took place,
+their natural dispositions began to assert themselves,
+and Walpole's normal love of pleasure
+and Gray's retired studiousness became more<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span>
+and more apparent. It is probable too, that,
+in all the Florentine gaieties, Gray, who was
+not a great man's son, fell a little into the
+background. At all events, the separation was
+imminent, and it needed but a nothing&mdash;the
+alleged opening by Walpole of a letter of Gray<a name="FNanchor_40_40" id="FNanchor_40_40"></a><a href="#Footnote_40_40" class="fnanchor">[40]</a>&mdash;to
+to bring it about. Whatever the proximate
+cause, both were silent on the subject, although,
+years after the quarrel had been made up, and
+Gray was dead, Walpole took the entire blame
+upon himself. When Mason was preparing
+Gray's <cite>Memoirs</cite> in 1773, he authorized him to
+insert a note by which, in general terms, he
+admitted himself to have been in fault, assigning
+as his reason for not being more explicit,
+that while he was living it would not be pleasant
+to read his private affairs discussed in magazines
+and newspapers. But to Mason personally he
+was at the same time thoroughly candid, as well
+as considerate to his departed friend: 'I am
+conscious,' he says, 'that in the beginning of
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span>the differences between Gray and me, the fault
+was mine. I was too young, too fond of my
+own diversions, nay, I do not doubt, too much
+intoxicated by indulgence, vanity, and the
+insolence of my situation, as a Prime Minister's
+son, not to have been inattentive and
+insensible to the feelings of one I thought
+below me; of one, I blush to say it, that I
+knew was obliged to me; of one whom presumption
+and folly perhaps made me deem not
+my superior <em>then</em> in parts, though I have since
+felt my infinite inferiority to him. I treated
+him insolently: he loved me, and I did not think
+he did. I reproached him with the difference
+between us when he acted from conviction of
+knowing he was my superior; I often disregarded
+his wishes of seeing places, which I
+would not quit other amusements to visit,
+though I offered to send him to them without
+me. Forgive me, if I say that his temper was
+not conciliating. At the same time that I will
+confess to you that he acted a more friendly
+part, had I had the sense to take advantage of
+it; he freely told me of my faults. I declared
+I did not desire to hear them, nor would correct
+them. You will not wonder that with the
+dignity of his spirit, and the obstinate care<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span>lessness
+of mine, the breach must have grown
+wider till we became incompatible.'<a name="FNanchor_41_41" id="FNanchor_41_41"></a><a href="#Footnote_41_41" class="fnanchor">[41]</a></p>
+
+<p>'Sir, you have said more than was necessary'
+was Johnson's reply to a peace-making speech
+from Topham Beauclerk. It is needless to
+comment further upon this incident, except to
+add that Walpole's generous words show that
+the disagreement was rather the outcome of a
+sequence of long-strained circumstances than
+the result of momentary petulance. For a time
+reconciliation was deferred, but eventually it
+was effected by a lady, and the intimacy thus
+renewed continued for the remainder of Gray's
+life.</p>
+
+<p>Shortly after Gray's departure in May, Walpole
+fell ill of a quinsy. He did not, at first,
+recognise the gravity of his ailment, and doctored
+himself. By a fortunate chance, Joseph
+Spence, then travelling as governor to the Earl
+of Lincoln, was in the neighbourhood, and,
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span>responding to a message from Walpole, 'found
+him scarce able to speak.' Spence immediately
+sent for medical aid, and summoned from Florence
+one Antonio Cocchi, a physician and author
+of some eminence. Under Cocchi's advice,
+Walpole speedily showed signs of improvement,
+though, in his own words in the <cite>Short Notes</cite>,
+he 'was given over for five hours, escaping with
+great difficulty.' The sequel may be told from
+the same source. 'I went to Venice with Henry
+Clinton, Earl of Lincoln, and Mr. Joseph
+Spence, Professor of Poetry, and after a
+month's stay there, returned with them by sea
+from Genoa, landing at Antibes; and by the
+way of Toulon, Marseilles, Aix, and through
+Languedoc to Montpellier, Toulouse, and
+Orléans, arrived at Paris, where I left the
+Earl and Mr. Spence, and landed at Dover,
+September 12th, 1741, O. S., having been
+chosen Member of Parliament for Kellington
+[Callington], in Cornwall, at the preceding
+General Election [of June], which Parliament
+put a period to my father's administration,
+which had continued above twenty years.'</p>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<h2>CHAPTER III.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+<p>Gains of the Grand Tour.&mdash;'Epistle to Ashton.'&mdash;Resignation
+of Sir Robert Walpole, who becomes Earl of Orford.&mdash;Collapse
+of the Secret Committee.&mdash;Life at Houghton.&mdash;The
+Picture Gallery.&mdash;'A Sermon on Painting.'&mdash;Lord Orford
+as Moses.&mdash;The 'Ædes Walpolianæ.'&mdash;Prior's 'Protogenes
+and Apelles.'&mdash;Minor Literature.&mdash;Lord Orford's
+Decline and Death; his Panegyric.&mdash;Horace Walpole's
+Means.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>Although, during his stay in Italy,
+Walpole had neglected to accumulate the
+store of erudition which his friend Gray had
+been so industriously hiving for home consumption,
+he can scarcely be said to have learned
+nothing, especially at an age when much is
+learned unconsciously. His epistolary style,
+which, with its peculiar graces and pseudo-graces,
+had been already formed before he left
+England, had now acquired a fresh vivacity
+from his increased familiarity with the French
+and Italian languages; and he had carried on,
+however discursively, something more than a
+mere flirtation with antiquities. Dr. Conyers
+Middleton, whose once famous <cite>Life of Cicero</cite>
+was published early in 1741, and who was him<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span>self
+an antiquary of distinction, thought highly
+of Walpole's attainments in this way,<a name="FNanchor_42_42" id="FNanchor_42_42"></a><a href="#Footnote_42_42" class="fnanchor">[42]</a> and indeed
+more than one passage in a poem written
+by Walpole to Ashton at this time could scarcely
+have been penned by any one not fairly familiar
+with (for example) the science of those 'medals'
+upon which Mr. Joseph Addison had discoursed
+so learnedly after his Italian tour:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poetry"><div class="stanza">
+    <div class="verse">'What scanty precepts! studies how confin'd!</div>
+    <div class="verse">Too mean to fill your comprehensive mind;</div>
+    <div class="verse">Unsatisfy'd with knowing when or where</div>
+    <div class="verse">Some Roman bigot rais'd a fane to <span class="smcap">Fear</span>;</div>
+    <div class="verse">On what green medal <span class="smcap">Virtue</span> stands express'd,</div>
+    <div class="verse">How <span class="smcap">Concord's</span> pictur'd, <span class="smcap">Liberty</span> how dress'd;</div>
+    <div class="verse">Or with wise ken judiciously define</div>
+    <div class="verse">When Pius marks the honorary coin</div>
+    <div class="verse">Of <span class="smcap">Caracalla</span>, or of <span class="smcap">Antonine</span>.'<a name="FNanchor_43_43" id="FNanchor_43_43"></a><a href="#Footnote_43_43" class="fnanchor">[43]</a></div>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>The poem from which these lines are taken&mdash;<cite>An
+Epistle from Florence. To Thomas
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span>Ashton, Esq., Tutor to the Earl of Plimouth</cite>&mdash;extends
+to some four hundred lines, and exhibits
+another side of Walpole's activity in Italy.
+'You have seen'&mdash;says Gray to West in July,
+1740&mdash;'an Epistle to Mr. Ashton, that seems
+to me full of spirit and thought, and a good
+deal of poetic fire.' Writing to him ten years
+later, Gray seems still to have retained his first
+impression. 'Satire'&mdash;he says&mdash;'will be
+heard, for all the audience are by nature her
+friends; especially when she appears in the
+spirit of Dryden, with his strength, and often
+with his versification, such as you have caught in
+those lines on the Royal Unction, on the Papal
+dominion, and Convents of both Sexes; on
+Henry VIII. and Charles II., for these are to
+me the shining parts of your Epistle. There
+are many lines I could wish corrected, and some
+blotted out, but beauties enough to atone for a
+thousand worse faults than these.'<a name="FNanchor_44_44" id="FNanchor_44_44"></a><a href="#Footnote_44_44" class="fnanchor">[44]</a> Walpole
+has never been ranked among the poets; but
+Gray's praise, in which Middleton and others
+concurred, justifies a further quotation. This is
+the passage on the Royal Unction and the Papal
+Dominion:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poetry"><div class="stanza">
+    <div class="verse">'When at the altar a new monarch kneels,</div>
+    <div class="verse">What conjur'd awe upon the people steals!</div>
+    <div class="verse">The chosen He adores the precious oil,</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span>
+    <div class="verse">Meekly receives the solemn charm, and while</div>
+    <div class="verse">The priest some blessed nothings mutters o'er,</div>
+    <div class="verse">Sucks in the sacred grease at every pore:</div>
+    <div class="verse">He seems at once to shed his mortal skin,</div>
+    <div class="verse">And feels divinity transfus'd within.</div>
+    <div class="verse">The trembling vulgar dread the royal nod,</div>
+    <div class="verse">And worship God's anointed more than God.</div>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+    <div class="verse">'Such sanction gives the prelate to such kings!</div>
+    <div class="verse">So mischief from those hallow'd fountains springs.</div>
+    <div class="verse">But bend your eye to yonder harass'd plains,</div>
+    <div class="verse">Where king and priest in one united reigns;</div>
+    <div class="verse">See fair Italia mourn her holy state,</div>
+    <div class="verse">And droop oppress'd beneath a papal weight;</div>
+    <div class="verse">Where fat celibacy usurps the soil,</div>
+    <div class="verse">And sacred sloth consumes the peasant's toil:</div>
+    <div class="verse">The holy drones monopolise the sky,</div>
+    <div class="verse">And plunder by a vow of poverty.</div>
+    <div class="verse">The Christian cause their lewd profession taints,</div>
+    <div class="verse">Unlearn'd, unchaste, uncharitable saints.'<a name="FNanchor_45_45" id="FNanchor_45_45"></a><a href="#Footnote_45_45" class="fnanchor">[45]</a></div>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>That the refined and fastidious Horace Walpole
+of later years should have begun as a passable
+imitator of Dryden is sufficiently piquant. But
+that the son of the great courtier Prime Minister
+should have distinguished himself by the
+vigour of his denunciations of kings and priests,
+especially when, as his biographers have not
+failed to remark, he was writing to one about
+to take orders, is more noticeable still. The
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span>poem was reprinted in his works, but he makes
+no mention of it in the <cite>Short Notes</cite>, nor of an
+<cite>Inscription for the Neglected Column in the Place
+of St. Mark at Florence</cite>, written at the same
+time, and characterized by the same anti-monarchical
+spirit.</p>
+
+<p>His letters to Mann, his chief correspondent
+at this date, are greatly occupied, during the
+next few months, with the climax of the catastrophe
+recorded at the end of the preceding
+chapter,&mdash;the resignation of Sir Robert Walpole.
+The first of the long series was written on his
+way home in September, 1741, when he had for
+his fellow-passengers the Viscontina, Amorevoli,
+and other Italian singers, then engaged in invading
+England. He appears to have at once taken
+up his residence with his father in Downing
+Street. Into the network of circumstances which
+had conspired to array against the great peace
+Minister the formidable opposition of disaffected
+Whigs, Jacobites, Tories, and adherents of the
+Prince of Wales, it would here be impossible
+to enter. But there were already signs that
+Sir Robert was nodding to his fall; and that,
+although the old courage was as high as ever,
+the old buoyancy was beginning to flag. Failing
+health added its weight to the scale. In
+October Walpole tells his correspondent that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span>
+he had 'been very near sealing his letter with
+black wax,' for his father had been in danger
+of his life, but was recovering, though he is no
+longer the Sir Robert that Mann once knew.
+He who formerly would snore before they had
+drawn his curtains, now never slept above an
+hour without waking; and 'he who at dinner
+always forgot that he was Minister,' now sat
+silent, with eyes fixed for an hour together. At
+the opening of Parliament, however, there was
+an ostensible majority of forty for the Court,
+and Walpole seems to have regarded this as
+encouraging. But one of the first motions was
+for an inquiry into the state of the nation, and
+this was followed by a division upon a Cornish
+petition which reduced the majority to seven,&mdash;a
+variation which sets the writer nervously jesting
+about apartments in the Tower. Seven days
+later, the opposition obtained a majority of four;
+and although Sir Robert, still sanguine in the
+remembrance of past successes, seemed less
+anxious than his family, matters were growing
+grave, and his youngest son was reconciling
+himself to the coming blow. It came practically
+on the 21st January, 1742, when Pulteney
+moved for a secret committee, which (in reality)
+was to be a committee of accusation against
+the Prime Minister. Walpole defeated this<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span>
+manœuvre with his characteristic courage and
+address, but only by a narrow majority of three.
+So inconsiderable a victory upon so crucial a
+question was perilously close to a reverse; and
+when, in the succeeding case of the disputed
+Chippenham Election, the Government were
+defeated by one, he yielded to the counsels of
+his advisers, and decided to resign. He was
+thereupon raised to the peerage as Earl of
+Orford, with a pension of £4,000 a year,<a name="FNanchor_46_46" id="FNanchor_46_46"></a><a href="#Footnote_46_46" class="fnanchor">[46]</a> while
+his daughter by his second wife, Miss Skerret,
+was created an Earl's daughter in her own
+right. His fall was mourned by no one more
+sincerely than by the master he had served so
+staunchly for so long; and when he went to
+kiss hands at St. James's upon taking leave,
+the old king fell upon his neck, embraced him,
+and broke into tears.</p>
+
+<p>The new Earl himself seems to have taken
+his reverses with his customary equanimity, and,
+like the shrewd 'old Parliamentary hand' that
+he was, to have at once devoted himself to the
+difficult task of breaking the force of the attack
+which he foresaw would be made upon himself
+by those in power. He contrived adroitly to
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span>foster dissension and disunion among the heterogeneous
+body of his opponents; he secured
+that the new Ministry should be mainly composed
+of his old party, the Whigs; and he
+managed to discredit his most formidable adversary,
+Pulteney. One of the first results of
+these precautionary measures was that a motion
+by Lord Limerick for a committee to examine
+into the conduct of the last twenty years was
+thrown out by a small majority. A fortnight
+later the motion was renewed in a fresh form,
+the scope of the examination being limited to
+the last ten years. Upon this occasion Horace
+Walpole made his maiden speech,&mdash;a graceful
+and modest, if not very forcible, effort on his
+father's side. In this instance, however, the
+Government were successful, and the Committee
+was appointed. Yet, despite the efforts to
+excite the public mind respecting Lord Orford,
+the case against him seems to have faded away
+in the hands of his accusers. The first report
+of the Committee, issued in May, contained
+nothing to criminate the person against whom
+the inquiry had been directly levelled; and
+despite the strenuous and even shameless efforts
+of the Government to obtain evidence inculpating
+the late Minister, the Committee were
+obliged to issue a second report in June, of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[65]</a></span>
+which,&mdash;so far as the chief object was concerned,&mdash;the
+gross result was nil. By the
+middle of July, Walpole was able to tell Mann
+that the 'long session was over, and the Secret
+Committee already forgotten,'&mdash;as much forgotten,
+he says in a later letter, 'as if it had
+happened in the last reign.'</p>
+
+<p>When Sir Robert Walpole had resigned, he
+had quitted his official residence in Downing
+Street (which ever since he first occupied it in
+1735 has been the official residence of the First
+Lord of the Treasury), and moved to No. 5,
+Arlington Street, opposite to, but smaller than,
+the No. 17 in which his youngest son had been
+born, and upon the site of which William Kent
+built a larger house for Mr. Pelham. No. 5 is
+now distinguished by a tablet erected by the
+Society of Arts, proclaiming it to have been the
+house of the ex-Minister. From Arlington
+Street, or from the other home at Chelsea
+already mentioned, most of Walpole's letters
+were dated during the months which succeeded
+the crisis. But in August, when the House had
+risen, he migrated with the rest of the family
+to Houghton,&mdash;the great mansion in Norfolk
+which had now taken the place of the ancient
+seat of the Walpoles, where during the summer
+months his father had been accustomed in his<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span>
+free-handed manner to keep open house to all
+the county. Fond of hospitality, fond of field-sports,
+fond of gardening, and all out-door
+occupations, Lord Orford was at home among
+the flat expanses and Norfolk turnips. But the
+family seat had no such attractions to his son,
+fresh from the multi-coloured Continental life,
+and still bearing about him, in a certain frailty
+of physique and enervation of spirit, the tokens
+of a sickly childhood. 'Next post'&mdash;he says despairingly
+to Mann&mdash;'I shall not be able to write
+to you; and when I am there [at Houghton],
+shall scarce find materials to furnish a letter
+above every other post. I beg, however, that
+you will write constantly to me; it will be my
+only entertainment; for I neither hunt, brew,
+drink, nor reap.' 'Consider'&mdash;he says again&mdash;'I
+am in the barren land of Norfolk, where
+news grows as slow as anything green; and
+besides, I am in the house of a fallen minister!'
+Writing letters (in company with the little white
+dog 'Patapan'<a name="FNanchor_47_47" id="FNanchor_47_47"></a><a href="#Footnote_47_47" class="fnanchor">[47]</a> which he had brought from
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span>Rome as a successor to the defunct Tory),
+walking, and playing comet with his sister Lady
+Mary or any chance visitors to the house, seem
+to have been his chief resources. A year later
+he pays a second visit to Houghton, and he is
+still unreconciled to his environment. 'Only
+imagine that I here every day see men, who are
+mountains of roast beef, and only just seem
+roughly hewn out into the outlines of human
+form, like the giant-rock at Pratolino! I shudder
+when I see them brandish their knives in
+act to carve, and look on them as savages that
+devour one another.' Then there are the enforced
+civilities to entirely uninteresting people,&mdash;the
+intolerable female relative, who is curious about
+her cousins to the fortieth remove. 'I have an
+Aunt here, a family piece of goods, an old remnant
+of inquisitive hospitality and economy,
+who, to all intents and purposes, is as beefy as
+her neighbours. She wore me so down yesterday
+with interrogatories that I dreamt all
+night she was at my ear with "who's" and
+"why's," and "when's" and "where's," till at
+last in my very sleep I cried out, "For heaven's
+sake, Madam, ask me no more questions."' And
+then, in his impatience of bores in general, he
+goes on to write a little essay upon that 'growth
+of English root,' that 'awful yawn, which sleep<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[68]</a></span>
+cannot abate,' as Byron calls it,&mdash;Ennui. 'I am
+so far from growing used to mankind [he means
+'uncongenial mankind'] by living amongst them,
+that my natural ferocity and wildness does but
+every day grow worse. They tire me, they
+fatigue me; I don't know what to do with them;
+I don't know what to say to them; I fling open
+the windows, and fancy I want air; and when I
+get by myself, I undress myself, and seem to
+have had people in my pockets, in my plaits,
+and on my shoulders! I indeed find this fatigue
+worse in the country than in town, because one
+can avoid it there, and has more resources; but
+it is there too. I fear 'tis growing old; but I
+literally seem to have murdered a man whose
+name was Ennui, for his ghost is ever before
+me. They say there is no English word for
+<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">ennui</i>; I think you may translate it most literally
+by what is called "entertaining people" and
+"doing the honours:" that is, you sit an hour
+with somebody you don't know and don't care
+for, talk about the wind and the weather, and
+ask a thousand foolish questions, which all begin
+with, "I think you live a good deal in the country,"
+or "I think you don't love this thing or
+that." Oh, 'tis dreadful!'<a name="FNanchor_48_48" id="FNanchor_48_48"></a><a href="#Footnote_48_48" class="fnanchor">[48]</a></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[69]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>But even Houghton, with its endless 'doing
+the honours,' must have had its compensations.
+There was a library, and&mdash;what must have had
+even stronger attractions for Horace Walpole&mdash;that
+magnificent and almost unique collection
+of pictures which under a later member of the
+family, the third Earl of Orford, passed to
+Catherine of Russia. For years Lord Orford,
+with unwearied diligence and exceptional opportunities,
+had been accumulating these treasures.
+Mann in Florence, Vertue in England, and a
+host of industrious foragers had helped to bring
+together the priceless canvases which crowded
+the rooms of the Minister's house next the
+Treasury at Whitehall. And if he was inexperienced
+as a critic, he was far too acute a man
+to be deceived by the shiploads of 'Holy
+Families, Madonnas, and other dismal dark
+subjects, neither entertaining nor ornamental,'
+against which the one great native artist of his
+time,&mdash;the painter of the 'Rake's Progress,' so
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[70]</a></span>persistently inveighed. There was no doubt
+about the pedigrees of the Wouvermanns and
+Teniers, the Guidos and Rubens, the Vandykes
+and Murillos, which decorated the rooms at
+Downing Street and Chelsea and Richmond.
+From the few records which remain of prices,
+it would seem that, in addition to the merit of
+authenticity, many of the pictures must have had
+the attraction of being 'bargains.' In days
+when £4,000 or £5,000 is no extravagant price
+to be given for an old master, it is instructive to
+read that £750 was the largest sum ever given
+by Lord Orford for any one picture, and Walpole
+himself quotes this amount as £630. For four
+great Snyders, which Vertue bought for him, he
+only paid £428, and for a portrait of Clement
+IX. by Carlo Maratti no more than £200.
+Many of the other pictures in his gallery cost
+him still less, being donations&mdash;no doubt sometimes
+in gratitude for favours to come&mdash;from
+his friends and adherents. The Earl of Pembroke,
+Lord Waldegrave, the Duke of Montagu,
+Lord Tyrawley, were among these. But,
+upon the whole, the collection was gathered
+mainly from galleries like the Zambecari at
+Bologna, the Arnaldi Palace at Florence, the
+Pallavicini at Rome, and from the stores of
+noble collectors in England.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[71]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>In 1743, the majority of these had apparently
+been concentrated at Houghton, where there
+was special accommodation for them. 'My
+Lord,' says Horace, groaning over a fresh visit
+to Norfolk, 'has pressed me so much that I
+could not with decency refuse: he is going to
+furnish and hang his picture-gallery, and wants
+me.' But it is impossible to believe that he
+really objected to a duty so congenial to his
+tastes. In fact, he was really greatly interested
+in it. His letters contain frequent references
+to a new Domenichino, a Virgin and Child,
+which Mann is sending from Florence, and he
+comes up to London to meet this and other
+pictures, and is not seriously inconsolable to
+find that owing to the quarantine for the plague
+on the Continent, he is detained for some days
+in town. One of the best evidences of his
+solicitude in connection with the arrangements
+of the Houghton collection is, however, the
+discourse which he wrote in the summer of
+1742, under the title of a <cite>Sermon on Painting</cite>,
+and which he himself tells us was actually
+preached by the Earl's chaplain in the gallery,
+and afterwards repeated at Stanno, his elder
+brother's house. The text was taken from
+Psalm CXV.: 'They have Mouths, but they
+speak not: Eyes have they, but they see not:<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[72]</a></span>
+neither is there any Breath in their Nostrils;' and
+the writer, illustrating his theme by reference to
+the pictures around his audience in the gallery,
+or dispersed through the building, manages to
+eulogize the painter's art with considerable skill.
+He touches upon the pernicious effect which
+the closely realized representation of popish
+miracles must have upon the illiterate spectator,
+and points out how much more commendable
+and serviceable is the portraiture of benignity,
+piety, and chastity,&mdash;how much more instructive
+the incidents of the Passion, where every
+'touch of the pencil is a lesson of contrition,
+each figure an apostle to call you to repentance.'
+He lays stress, as Lessing and other writers
+have done, on the universal language of the
+brush, and indicates its abuse when restricted
+to the reproduction of inquisitors, visionaries,
+imaginary hermits, 'consecrated gluttons,' or
+'noted concubines,' after which (as becomes
+his father's son) he does not fail to disclose its
+more fitting vocation, to perpetuate the likeness
+of William the Deliverer, and the benign, the
+honest house of Hanover. <cite>The Dives and Lazarus</cite>
+of Veronese and the <cite>Prodigal Son</cite> of
+Salvator Rosa, both on the walls, are pressed
+into his service, and the famous <cite>Usurers</cite> of
+Quentin Matsys also prompt their parable.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[73]</a></span>
+Then, after adroitly dwelling upon the pictorial
+honours lavished upon mere asceticism to the
+prejudice of real heroes, taking Poussin's picture
+of <cite>Moses Striking the Rock</cite> for his text, he
+winds into what was probably the ultimate purpose
+of his discourse, a neatly veiled panegyric
+of Sir Robert Walpole under guise of the great
+lawgiver of the Israelites, which may be cited as
+a favourable sample of this curious oration:</p>
+
+<p>'But it is not necessary to dive into profane
+history for examples of unregarded merit; the
+Scriptures themselves contain instances of the
+greatest patriots, who lie neglected, while new-fashioned
+bigots or noisy incendiaries are the
+reigning objects of public veneration. See the
+great Moses himself,&mdash;the lawgiver, the defender,
+the preserver of Israel! Peevish orators
+are more run after, and artful Jesuits more popular.
+Examine but the life of that slighted patriot,
+how boldly in his youth he understood the
+cause of liberty! Unknown, without interest,
+he stood against the face of Pharaoh! He
+saved his countrymen from the hand of tyranny,
+and from the dominion of an idolatrous king.
+How patiently did he bear for a series of years
+the clamours and cabals of a factious people,
+wandering after strange lusts, and exasperated
+by ambitious ringleaders! How oft did he<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[74]</a></span>
+intercede for their pardon, when injured himself!
+How tenderly deny them specious favours,
+which he knew must turn to their own destruction!
+See him lead them through opposition,
+through plots, through enemies, to the enjoyment
+of peace, and to the possession of <em>a land
+flowing with milk and honey</em>. Or with more
+surprise see him in the barren desert, where
+sands and wilds overspread the dreary scene,
+where no hopes of moisture, no prospect of
+undiscovered springs, could flatter their parching
+thirst; see how with a miraculous hand&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poetry"><div class="stanza">
+    <div class="verse">'"He struck the rock, and straight the waters flowed."'</div>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>Whoever denies his praises to such evidences
+of merit, or with jealous look can scowl on such
+benefits, is like the senseless idol, that <em>has a
+mouth that speaks not, and eyes that cannot
+see</em>.'</p>
+
+<p>If, in accordance with some perverse fashion
+of the day, the foregoing production had not
+been disguised as a sermon, and actually preached
+with the orthodox accompaniment of bands and
+doxology, there is no reason why it should not
+have been regarded as a harmless and not unaccomplished
+essay on Art. But the objectionable
+spirit of parody upon the ritual, engendered by
+the strife between 'high' and 'low' (Walpole<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[75]</a></span>
+himself wrote some <cite>Lessons for the Day</cite>, 1742,
+which are to be found in the works of Sir
+Charles Hanbury Williams), seems to have dictated
+the title of what in other respects is a
+serious <cite>Spectator</cite>, and needed no spice of irreverence
+to render it palatable. The <cite>Sermon</cite> had,
+however, one valuable result, namely, that it
+suggested to its author the expediency of preparing
+some record of the pictorial riches of
+Houghton upon the model of the famous <cite>Ædes
+Barberini</cite> and <cite>Giustinianæ</cite>. As the dedication
+of the <cite>Ædes Walpolianæ</cite> is dated 24 August,
+1743, it must have been written before that date;
+but it was not actually published until 1747, and
+then only to give away. Another enlarged and
+more accurate edition was issued in 1752, and it
+was finally reprinted in the second volume of the
+<cite>Works</cite> of 1798, pp. 221-78, where it is followed
+by the <cite>Sermon on Painting</cite>. Professing to be
+more a catalogue of the pictures than a description
+of them, it nevertheless gives a good idea
+of a collection which (as its historian says) both
+in its extent and the condition of its treasures
+excelled most of the existing collections of Italy.
+In an 'Introduction,' the characteristics of the
+various artists are distinguished with much
+discrimination, although it is naturally more
+sympathetic than critical. Perhaps one of its<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[76]</a></span>
+happiest pages is the following excursus upon
+a poem of Prior: 'I cannot conclude this topic
+of the ancient painters without taking notice of
+an extreme pretty instance of Prior's taste, and
+which may make an example on that frequent
+subject, the resemblance between poetry and
+painting, and prove that taste in the one will
+influence in the other. Everybody has read his
+tale of Protogenes and Apelles. If they have
+read the story in Pliny they will recollect that
+by the latter's account it seemed to have been
+a trial between two Dutch performers. The
+Roman author tells you that when Apelles was
+to write his name on a board, to let Protogenes
+know who had been to inquire for him, he drew
+an exactly straight and slender line. Protogenes
+returned, and with his pencil and another colour,
+divided his competitor's. Apelles, on seeing
+the ingenious minuteness of the Rhodian master,
+took a third colour, and laid on a still finer and
+indivisible line. But the English poet, who
+could distinguish the emulation of genius from
+nice experiments about splitting hairs, took the
+story into his own hands, and in a less number
+of trials, and with bolder execution, comprehended
+the whole force of painting, and flung
+drawing, colouring, and the doctrine of light
+and shade into the noble contention of those two<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[77]</a></span>
+absolute masters. In Prior, the first wrote his
+name in a perfect design, and</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poetry"><div class="stanza">
+    <div class="verse">'"&mdash;&mdash;with one judicious stroke</div>
+    <div class="verse">On the plain ground Apelles drew</div>
+    <div class="verse">A circle regularly true."'</div>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>Protogenes knew the hand, and showed Apelles
+that his own knowledge of colouring was as
+great as the other's skill in drawing.</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poetry"><div class="stanza">
+    <div class="verse">'"Upon the happy line he laid</div>
+    <div class="verse">Such obvious light and easy shade</div>
+    <div class="verse">That Paris' apple stood confest,</div>
+    <div class="verse">Or Leda's egg, or Chloe's breast."'<a name="FNanchor_49_49" id="FNanchor_49_49"></a><a href="#Footnote_49_49" class="fnanchor">[49]</a></div>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>Apelles acknowledged his rival's merit, without
+jealously persisting to refine on the masterly
+reply:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poetry"><div class="stanza">
+    <div class="verse">'"Pugnavere pares, succubuere pares"'<a name="FNanchor_50_50" id="FNanchor_50_50"></a><a href="#Footnote_50_50" class="fnanchor">[50]</a></div>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>Among the other efforts of his pen at this
+time were some squibs in ridicule of the new
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[78]</a></span>Ministry. One was a parody of a scene in
+<cite>Macbeth</cite>; the other of a scene in Corneille's
+<cite>Cinna</cite>. He also wrote a paper against Lord
+Bath in the <cite>Old England Journal</cite>.</p>
+
+<p>In the not very perplexed web of Horace
+Walpole's life, the next occurrence of importance
+is his father's death. When, as Sir Robert
+Walpole, he had ceased to be Prime Minister,
+he was sixty-five years of age; and though
+his equanimity and wonderful constitution still
+seemed to befriend him, he had personally little
+desire, even if the ways had been open, to
+recover his ancient power. 'I believe nothing
+could prevail on him to return to the Treasury,'
+writes his son to Mann in 1743. 'He says
+he will keep the 12th of February&mdash;the day
+he resigned&mdash;with his family as long as he
+lives.' He continued nevertheless, to assist
+his old master with his counsel, and more than
+one step of importance by which the King
+startled his new Ministry owed its origin to
+a confidential consultation with Lord Orford.
+When, in January, 1744, the old question of
+discontinuing the Hanoverian troops was revived
+with more than ordinary insistence, it was
+through Lord Orford's timely exertions, and his
+personal credit with his friends, that the motion
+was defeated by an overwhelming majority. On<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[79]</a></span>
+the other hand, a further attempt to harass him
+by another Committee of Secret Inquiry was
+wholly unsuccessful, and signs were not wanting
+that his old prestige had by no means departed.
+Towards the close of 1744, however, his son
+begins to chronicle a definite decline in his
+health. He is evidently suffering seriously from
+stone, and is forbidden to take the least exercise
+by the King's serjeant-surgeon, that famous
+Mr. Ranby who was the friend of Hogarth and
+Fielding.<a name="FNanchor_51_51" id="FNanchor_51_51"></a><a href="#Footnote_51_51" class="fnanchor">[51]</a> In January of the next year, he is
+trying a famous specific for his complaint, Mrs.
+Stephens's medicine. Six weeks later, he has
+been alarmingly ill for about a month; and
+although reckoned out of absolute danger, is
+hardly ever conscious more than four hours out
+of the four-and-twenty, from the powerful opiates
+he takes in order to deaden pain. A month later,
+on the 18th March, 1745, he died at Arlington
+Street, in his sixty-ninth year. At first his son
+dares scarcely speak of his loss, but a fortnight
+afterwards he writes more fully. After showing
+that the state of his circumstances proved how
+little truth there had been in the charges of self-enrichment
+made against him, Walpole goes on
+to say: 'It is certain, he is dead very poor:
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[80]</a></span>his debts, with his legacies, which are trifling,
+amount to fifty thousand pounds. His estate,
+a nominal eight thousand a year, much mortgaged.
+In short, his fondness for Houghton has
+endangered him. If he had not so overdone it,
+he might have left such an estate to his family as
+might have secured the glory of the place for
+many years: another such debt must expose it to
+sale. If he had lived, his unbounded generosity
+and contempt of money would have run him into
+vast difficulties. However irreparable his personal
+loss may be to his friends, he certainly died
+critically well for himself: he had lived to stand
+the rudest trials with honour, to see his character
+universally cleared, his enemies brought to
+infamy for their ignorance or villainy, and the
+world allowing him to be the only man in
+England fit to be what he had been; and he
+died at a time when his age and infirmities
+prevented his again undertaking the support of
+a government, which engrossed his whole care,
+and which he foresaw was falling into the last
+confusion. In this I hope his judgment failed!
+His fortune attended him to the last, for he died
+of the most painful of all distempers, with little
+or no pain.'<a name="FNanchor_52_52" id="FNanchor_52_52"></a><a href="#Footnote_52_52" class="fnanchor">[52]</a></p>
+
+<p>From the <cite>Short Notes</cite> we learn further:
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[81]</a></span>'He [my father] left me the house in Arlington-street
+in which he died, £5000 in money,
+and £1000 a year from the Collector's place
+in the Custom-house, and the surplus to be
+divided between my brother Edward and me.'</p>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[82]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<h2>CHAPTER IV.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+<p>Stage-gossip and Small-talk.&mdash;Ranelagh Gardens.&mdash;Fontenoy
+and Leicester House.&mdash;Echoes of the '45.&mdash;Preston Pans.&mdash;Culloden.&mdash;Trial
+of the Rebel Lords.&mdash;Deaths of Kilmarnock
+and Balmerino.&mdash;Epilogue to <cite>Tamerlane</cite>.&mdash;Walpole
+and his Relatives.&mdash;Lady Orford.&mdash;Literary Efforts.&mdash;The
+Beauties.&mdash;Takes a House at Windsor.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>During the period between Walpole's
+return to England and the death of Lord
+Orford, his letters, addressed almost exclusively
+to Mann, are largely occupied with the occurrences
+which accompanied and succeeded his
+father's downfall. To Lord Orford's <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">protégé</i>
+and relative these particulars were naturally of
+the first importance, and Walpole's function of
+'General Intelligencer' fell proportionately into
+the background. Still, there are occasional references
+to current events of a merely social
+character. After the Secret Committee, he is
+interested (probably because his friend Conway
+was pecuniarily interested) in the Opera, and
+the reception by the British public of the
+Viscontina, Amorevoli, and the other Italian
+singers whom he had known abroad. Of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[83]</a></span>
+stage he says comparatively little, dismissing
+poor Mrs. Woffington, who had then just made
+her appearance at Covent Garden, as 'a bad
+actress,' who, nevertheless, 'has life,'&mdash;an
+opinion in which he is supported by Conway,
+who calls her 'an impudent, Irish-faced girl.'
+In the acting of Garrick, after whom all the
+town is (as Gray writes) 'horn-mad' in May,
+1742, he sees nothing wonderful, although he
+admits that it is heresy to say so, since that
+infallible stage critic, the Duke of Argyll, has
+declared him superior to Betterton. But he
+praises 'a little simple farce' at Drury Lane,
+<cite>Miss Lucy in Town</cite>, by Henry Fielding, in
+which his future friend, Mrs. Clive, and Beard
+mimic Amorevoli and the Muscovita. The
+same letter contains a reference to another
+famous stage-queen, now nearing eighty, Anne
+Bracegirdle, who should have had the money
+that Congreve left to Henrietta, Duchess of
+Marlborough. 'Tell Mr. Chute [he says] that
+his friend Bracegirdle breakfasted with me this
+morning. As she went out, and wanted her
+clogs, she turned to me, and said, "I remember
+at the playhouse, they used to call, Mrs.
+Oldfield's chair! Mrs. Barry's clogs! and
+Mrs. Bracegirdle's pattens!"'<a name="FNanchor_53_53" id="FNanchor_53_53"></a><a href="#Footnote_53_53" class="fnanchor">[53]</a> One pictures
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[84]</a></span>a handsome old lady, a little bent, and leaning
+on a crutch stick as she delivers this parting
+utterance at the door.<a name="FNanchor_54_54" id="FNanchor_54_54"></a><a href="#Footnote_54_54" class="fnanchor">[54]</a></p>
+
+<p>Among the occurrences of 1742 which find
+fitting record in the correspondence, is the
+opening of that formidable rival to Vauxhall,
+Ranelagh Gardens. All through the spring the
+great Rotunda, with its encircling tiers of galleries
+and supper-boxes,&mdash;the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">coup d'œil</i> of which
+Johnson thought was the finest thing he had
+ever seen,&mdash;had been rising slowly at the side
+of Chelsea Hospital. In April it was practically
+completed, and almost ready for visitors.
+Walpole, of course, breakfasts there, like the
+rest of the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">beau monde</i>. 'The building is not
+finished [he says], but they get great sums by
+people going to see it and breakfasting in the
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[85]</a></span>house; there were yesterday no less than three
+hundred and eighty persons, at eighteenpence
+a-piece. You see how poor we are, when, with
+a tax of four shillings in the pound, we are laying
+out such sums for cakes and ale.'<a name="FNanchor_55_55" id="FNanchor_55_55"></a><a href="#Footnote_55_55" class="fnanchor">[55]</a> A week
+or two later comes the formal inauguration.
+'Two nights ago [May 24] Ranelagh-gardens
+were opened at Chelsea; the Prince, Princess,
+Duke, much nobility, and much mob besides,
+were there. There is a vast amphitheatre, finely
+gilt, painted, and illuminated, into which everybody
+that loves eating, drinking, staring, or
+crowding, is admitted for twelvepence. The
+building and disposition of the gardens cost
+sixteen thousand pounds. Twice a week there
+are to be Ridottos at guinea-tickets, for which
+you are to have a supper and music. I was
+there last night [May 25],'&mdash;the writer adds,&mdash;'but
+did not find the joy of it,'<a name="FNanchor_56_56" id="FNanchor_56_56"></a><a href="#Footnote_56_56" class="fnanchor">[56]</a> and, at present,
+he prefers Vauxhall, because of the approach by
+water, that '<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">trajet du fleuve fatal</i>,'&mdash;as it is
+styled in the <cite>Vauxhall de Londres</cite> which a
+French poet dedicated in 1769 to M. de
+Fontenelle. He seems, however, to have taken
+Lord Orford to Ranelagh, and he records in
+July that they walked with a train at their heels
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[86]</a></span>like two chairmen going to fight,&mdash;from which
+he argues a return of his father's popularity.
+Two years later Fashion has declared itself on
+the side of the new garden, and Walpole has
+gone over to the side of Fashion. 'Every night
+constantly [he tells Conway] I go to Ranelagh;
+which has totally beat Vauxhall. Nobody goes
+anywhere else,&mdash;everybody goes there. My
+Lord Chesterfield is so fond of it that he says
+he has ordered all his letters to be directed
+thither. If you had never seen it, I would make
+you a most pompous description of it, and tell
+you how the floor is all of beaten princes; that
+you can't set your foot without treading on
+a Prince of Wales or Duke of Cumberland.
+The company is universal: there is from his
+Grace of Grafton down to children out of the
+Foundling Hospital; from my Lady Townshend
+to the kitten; from my Lord Sandys to your
+humble cousin and sincere friend.'<a name="FNanchor_57_57" id="FNanchor_57_57"></a><a href="#Footnote_57_57" class="fnanchor">[57]</a></p>
+
+<p>After Lord Orford's death, the next landmark
+in Horace Walpole's life is his removal to the
+house at Twickenham, subsequently known as
+Strawberry Hill. To a description of this historical
+mansion the next chapter will be in part
+devoted. In the mean time we may linger for
+a moment upon the record which these letters
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[87]</a></span>contain of the famous '45. No better opportunity
+will probably occur of exhibiting Walpole
+as the reporter of history in the process of
+making. Much that he tells Mann and Montagu
+is no doubt little more than the skimming
+of the last <cite>Gazette</cite>; but he had always access to
+trustworthy information, and is seldom a dull
+reporter, even of newspaper news. Almost the
+next letter to that in which he dwells at length
+upon the loss of his father, records the disaster
+of Tournay, or Fontenoy, in which, he tells
+Mann, Mr. Conway has highly distinguished
+himself, magnificently engaging&mdash;as appears
+from a subsequent communication&mdash;no less than
+two French Grenadiers at once. His account of
+the battle is bare enough; but what apparently
+interests him most is the patriotic conduct of
+the Prince of Wales, who made a <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">chanson</i> on
+the occasion, after the fashion of the Regent
+Orléans:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poetry"><div class="stanza">
+    <div class="verse">'<span class="smcap">Venez</span>, mes chères Déesses,</div>
+    <div class="verse">Venez calmer mon chagrin;</div>
+    <div class="verse">Aidez, mes belles Princesses,</div>
+    <div class="verse">A le noyer dans le vin.</div>
+    <div class="verse">Poussons cette douce Ivresse</div>
+    <div class="verse">Jusqu'au milieu de la nuit,</div>
+    <div class="verse">Et n'écoutons que la tendresse</div>
+    <div class="verse">D'un charmant vis-à-vis.</div>
+</div>
+<hr class="tb" />
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[88]</a></span>
+<div class="stanza">
+    <div class="verse">'Que m'importe que l'Europe</div>
+    <div class="verse">Ait un ou plusieurs tyrans?</div>
+    <div class="verse">Prions seulement Calliope,</div>
+    <div class="verse">Qu'elle inspire nos vers, nos chants.</div>
+    <div class="verse">Laissons Mars et toute la gloire;</div>
+    <div class="verse">Livrons nous tous à l'amour;</div>
+    <div class="verse">Que Bacchus nous donne à boire;</div>
+    <div class="verse">A ces deux fasions [<i>sic</i>] la cour.'</div>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>The goddesses addressed were Lady Catherine
+Hanmer, Lady Fauconberg, and Lady
+Middlesex, who played Congreve's <cite>Judgment
+of Paris</cite> at Leicester House, with his Royal
+Highness as Paris, and Prince Lobkowitz for
+Mercury. Walpole says of the song that it
+'miscarried in nothing but the language, the
+thoughts, and the poetry.' Yet he copies the
+whole five verses, of which the above are two,
+for Mann's delectation.</p>
+
+<p>A more logical sequence to Fontenoy than
+the lyric of Leicester House is the descent of
+Charles Edward upon Scotland. In August
+Walpole reports to Mann that there is a proclamation
+out 'for apprehending the Pretender's
+son,' who had landed in July; in September he
+is marching on Edinburgh. Ten days later the
+writer is speculating half ruefully upon the possibilities
+of being turned out of his comfortable
+sinecures in favour of some forlorn Irish peer.
+'I shall wonderfully dislike being a loyal suf<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[89]</a></span>ferer
+in a threadbare coat, and shivering in an
+ante-chamber at Hanover, or reduced to teach
+Latin and English to the young princes at Copenhagen.
+The Dowager Strafford has already
+written cards for my Lady Nithsdale, my Lady
+Tullibardine, the Duchess of Perth and Berwick,
+and twenty more revived peeresses, to invite
+them to play at whisk, Monday three months;
+for your part, you will divert yourself with their
+old taffeties, and tarnished slippers, and their
+awkwardness, the first day they go to Court in
+shifts and clean linen. Will you ever write to
+me in my garret at Herrenhausen?'<a name="FNanchor_58_58" id="FNanchor_58_58"></a><a href="#Footnote_58_58" class="fnanchor">[58]</a> Then
+upon this come the contradictions of rumour, the
+'general supineness,' the raising of regiments,
+and the disaster of Preston Pans, with its inevitable
+condemnation of Cope. 'I pity poor him,
+who, with no shining abilities, and no experience,
+and no force, was sent to fight for a crown!
+He never saw a battle but that of Dettingen,
+where he got his red ribbon; Churchill, whose
+led-captain he was, and my Lord Harrington,
+had pushed him up to this misfortune.<a name="FNanchor_59_59" id="FNanchor_59_59"></a><a href="#Footnote_59_59" class="fnanchor">[59]</a> We
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[90]</a></span>have lost all our artillery, five hundred men
+taken&mdash;and <em>three</em> killed, and several officers, as
+you will see in the papers. This defeat has
+frightened everybody but those it rejoices, and
+those it should frighten most; but my Lord
+Granville still buoys up the King's spirits, and
+persuades him it is nothing.'<a name="FNanchor_60_60" id="FNanchor_60_60"></a><a href="#Footnote_60_60" class="fnanchor">[60]</a></p>
+
+<p>Nothing, indeed, it proved in the issue. But
+Walpole was wiser in his immediate apprehensions
+than King George's advisers, who were
+not wise. In his subsequent letters we get
+scattered glimpses of the miserable story that
+ended in Culloden. Towards the end of October
+he is auguring hopefully from the protracted
+neglect of the rebels to act upon their success.
+In November they are in England. But the
+backwardness of the Jacobites to join them is
+already evident, and he writes 'in the greatest
+confidence of our getting over this ugly business.'
+Early in December they have reached Derby,
+only to be soon gone again, miserably harassed,
+and leaving their sick and cannon behind. With
+the new year come tidings to Mann that the
+rebellion is dying down in England, and that
+General Hawley has marched northward to put
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[91]</a></span>it quite out. Once more, on the 23rd February,
+it flares fitfully at Falkirk, and then fades as suddenly.
+The battle that Walpole hourly expects,
+not without some trepidation, for Conway is
+one of the Duke of Cumberland's aides-de-camp,
+is still deferred, and it is April before the
+two armies face each other on Culloden Moor.
+Then he writes jubilantly to his Florentine correspondent:
+'On the 16th, the Duke, by
+forced marches, came up with the rebels a little
+on this side Inverness,&mdash;by the way, the battle
+is not christened yet; I only know that neither
+Preston Pans nor Falkirk are to be god-fathers.
+The rebels, who had fled from him after their
+victory [of Falkirk], and durst not attack him,
+when so much exposed to them at his passage
+of the Spey, now stood him, they seven thousand,
+he ten. They broke through Barril's
+regiment and killed Lord Robert Kerr, a handsome
+young gentleman, who was cut to pieces
+with about thirty wounds; but they were soon
+repulsed, and fled; the whole engagement not
+lasting above a quarter of an hour. The young
+Pretender escaped, Mr. Conway says, he
+hears, wounded: he certainly was in the rear.
+They have lost above a thousand men in the
+engagement and pursuit; and six hundred were
+already taken; among which latter are their<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[92]</a></span>
+French Ambassador and Earl Kilmarnock. The
+Duke of Perth and Lord Ogilvie are said to be
+slain.... Except Lord Robert Kerr, we lost
+nobody of note: Sir Robert Rich's eldest son
+has lost his hand, and about a hundred and
+thirty private men fell. The defeat is reckoned
+total, and the dispersion general; and all their
+artillery is taken. It is a brave young Duke!
+The town is all blazing round me [<i>i. e.</i>, at
+Arlington Street] as I write, with fireworks and
+illuminations: I have some inclination to wrap
+up half-a-dozen sky-rockets, to make you drink
+the Duke's health. Mr. Dodington [in Pall
+Mall], on the first report, came out with a very
+pretty illumination,&mdash;so pretty that I believe he
+had it by him, ready for <em>any</em> occasion.'<a name="FNanchor_61_61" id="FNanchor_61_61"></a><a href="#Footnote_61_61" class="fnanchor">[61]</a></p>
+
+<p>Walpole's account of these occurrences is, of
+course, hearsay, although, as regards Culloden,
+he probably derived the details from Conway,
+who was present. But in some of the events
+which ensued, he is either actually a spectator
+himself, or fresh from direct communication
+with those who have been spectators. One of
+the most graphic passages in his entire correspondence
+is his description of the trial of the
+rebel lords, at which he assisted; and another
+is his narrative of the executions of Kilmarnock
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[93]</a></span>and Balmerino, written down from the relation
+of eye-witnesses. It is hardly possible to get
+much nearer to history.</p>
+
+<p>'I am this moment come from the conclusion
+of the greatest and most melancholy scene I
+ever yet saw! You will easily guess it was
+the Trials of the rebel Lords. As it was the
+most interesting sight, it was the most solemn
+and fine: a coronation is a puppet-show, and
+all the splendour of it idle; but this sight at
+once feasted one's eyes and engaged all one's
+passions. It began last Monday; three parts
+of Westminster-hall were inclosed with galleries,
+and hung with scarlet; and the whole
+ceremony was conducted with the most awful
+solemnity and decency, except in the one point
+of leaving the prisoners at the bar, amidst the
+idle curiosity of some crowd, and even with the
+witnesses who had sworn against them, while
+the Lords adjourned to their own House to consult.
+No part of the royal family was there,
+which was a proper regard to the unhappy men,
+who were become their victims.... I had
+armed myself with all the resolution I could,
+with the thought of their crimes and of the
+danger past, and was assisted by the sight of
+the Marquis of Lothian in weepers for his son
+[Lord Robert Kerr], who fell at Culloden;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[94]</a></span>
+but the first appearance of the prisoners shocked
+me! their behaviour melted me.' After going
+on to speak of Lord Kilmarnock and Lord
+Cromartie (afterwards reprieved), he continues:
+'For Lord Balmerino, he is the most natural
+brave old fellow I ever saw: the highest intrepidity,
+even to indifference. At the bar he
+behaved like a soldier and a man; in the intervals
+of form, with carelessness and humour.
+He pressed extremely to have his wife, his
+pretty Peggy [Margaret Chalmers], with him in
+the Tower, Lady Cromartie only sees her
+husband through the grate, not choosing to be
+shut up with him, as she thinks she can serve
+him better by her intercession without: she is
+big with child and very handsome: so are their
+daughters. When they were to be brought from
+the Tower in separate coaches, there was some
+dispute in which the axe must go: old Balmerino
+cried, 'Come, come, put it with me.'
+At the bar he plays with his fingers upon the
+axe, while he talks to the gentleman-gaoler;
+and one day somebody coming up to listen, he
+took the blade and held it like a fan between
+their faces. During the trial, a little boy was
+near him, but not tall enough to see; he made
+room for the child, and placed him near himself.'<a name="FNanchor_62_62" id="FNanchor_62_62"></a><a href="#Footnote_62_62" class="fnanchor">[62]</a></p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[95]</a></span></p>
+<p>Balmerino's gallant demeanour evidently fascinated
+Walpole. In his next letter he relates
+how on his way back to the Tower the sturdy
+old dragoon had stopped the coach at Charing
+Cross to buy some 'honey-blobs' (gooseberries);
+and when afterwards he comes to write
+his account of the execution, although he tells
+the story of Kilmarnock's death with feeling,
+the best passage is given to his companion in
+misfortune. He describes how, on the fatal
+15th August, before he left the Tower, Balmerino
+drank a bumper to King James; how he wore
+his rebellious regimentals (blue and red) over a
+flannel waistcoat and his shroud; how, embracing
+Lord Kilmarnock, he said, 'My Lord, I
+wish I could suffer for both.' Then followed
+the beheading of Kilmarnock; and the narrator
+goes on: 'The scaffold was immediately
+new-strewed with sawdust, the block new covered,
+the executioner new-dressed, and a new
+axe brought. Then came old Balmerino, treading
+with the air of a general. As soon as he
+mounted the scaffold, he read the inscription on
+his coffin, as he did again afterwards: he then
+surveyed the spectators, who were in amazing
+numbers, even upon masts upon ships in the
+river; and pulling out his spectacles, read a
+treasonable speech, which he delivered to the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[96]</a></span>
+Sheriff, and said, the young Pretender was so
+sweet a Prince that flesh and blood could not
+resist following him; and lying down to try the
+block, he said, 'If I had a thousand lives, I
+would lay them all down here in the same
+cause.' He said if he had not taken the sacrament
+the day before, he would have knocked
+down Williamson, the Lieutenant of the Tower,
+for his ill-usage of him. He took the axe and
+felt it, and asked the headsman how many blows
+he had given Lord Kilmarnock; and gave him
+three guineas. Two clergymen, who attended
+him, coming up, he said, 'No, gentlemen, I
+believe you have already done me all the service
+you can.' Then he went to the corner of the
+scaffold, and called very loud for the warder, to
+give him his perriwig, which he took off, and
+put on a night-cap of Scotch plaid, and then
+pulled off his coat and waistcoat and lay down;
+but being told he was on the wrong side, vaulted
+round, and immediately gave the sign by tossing
+up his arm, as if he were giving the signal for
+battle. He received three blows; but the first
+certainly took away all sensation. He was not
+a quarter of an hour on the scaffold; Lord
+Kilmarnock above half a one. Balmerino certainly
+died with the intrepidity of a hero, but
+the insensibility of one too. As he walked from<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[97]</a></span>
+his prison to execution, seeing every window
+and top of house filled with spectators, he cried
+out, "Look, look, how they are all piled up
+like rotten oranges."'<a name="FNanchor_63_63" id="FNanchor_63_63"></a><a href="#Footnote_63_63" class="fnanchor">[63]</a></p>
+
+<p>In the old print of the execution, the scaffold
+on Tower Hill is shown surrounded by a wide
+square of dragoons, beyond which the crowd&mdash;'the
+immense display of human countenances
+which surrounded it like a sea,' as Scott has it&mdash;are
+visible on every side. No. 14 Tower
+Hill is said to have been the house from which
+the two lords were led to the block, and a trail
+of blood along the hall and up the first flight of
+stairs was long shown as indicating the route by
+which the mutilated bodies were borne to await
+interment in St. Peter's Chapel. A few months
+later Walpole records the execution in the same
+place of Simon Fraser, Lord Lovat, the cunning
+old Jacobite, whose characteristic attitude and
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[98]</a></span>'pawky' expression live for ever in the admirable
+sketch which Hogarth made of him at St.
+Albans. He died (says Walpole) 'extremely
+well, without passion, affectation, buffoonery,
+or timidity.' But he is not so distinguished as
+either Kilmarnock or Balmerino, and, however
+Roman his taking-off, the chief memorable thing
+about it is, that it was happily the last of these
+sanguinary scenes in this country. The only
+other incident which it is here needful to chronicle
+in connection with the 'Forty Five' is
+Walpole's verses on the Suppression of the late
+Rebellion. On the 4th and 5th November, the
+anniversaries of King William's birth and landing,
+it was the custom to play Rowe's <cite>Tamerlane</cite>,
+and this year (1746) the epilogue spoken
+by Mrs. Pritchard 'in the Character of the
+Comic Muse' was from Walpole's pen. According
+to the writer, special terrors had threatened
+the stage from the advent of 'Rome's young missionary
+spark,' the Chevalier, and the Tragic
+Muse, raising, 'to eyes well-tutor'd in the trade
+of grief,' 'a small and well-lac'd handkerchief,'
+is represented by her lighter sister as bewailing
+the prospect to her 'buskined progeny' after
+this fashion:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poetry"><div class="stanza">
+    <div class="verse">'Ah! sons, our dawn is over-cast; and all</div>
+    <div class="verse">Theatric glories nodding to their fall.</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[99]</a></span>
+    <div class="verse">From foreign realms a bloody chief is come,</div>
+    <div class="verse">Big with the work of slav'ry and of Rome.</div>
+    <div class="verse">A general ruin on his sword he wears,</div>
+    <div class="verse">Fatal alike to audience and to play'rs.</div>
+    <div class="verse">For ah! my sons, what freedom for the stage</div>
+    <div class="verse">When bigotry with sense shall battle wage?</div>
+    <div class="verse">When monkish laureats only wear the bays,</div>
+    <div class="verse">Inquisitors lord chamberlains of plays?</div>
+    <div class="verse">Plays shall be damn'd that 'scap'd the critic's rage,</div>
+    <div class="verse">For priests are still worse tyrants to the stage.</div>
+    <div class="verse">Cato, receiv'd by audiences so gracious,</div>
+    <div class="verse">Shall find ten Cæsars in one St. Ignatius,</div>
+    <div class="verse">And god-like Brutus here shall meet again</div>
+    <div class="verse">His evil genius in a capuchin.</div>
+    <div class="verse">For heresy the fav'rites of the pit</div>
+    <div class="verse">Must burn, and excommunicated wit;</div>
+    <div class="verse">And at one stake, we shall behold expire</div>
+    <div class="verse">My Anna Bullen, and the Spanish Fryar.'<a name="FNanchor_64_64" id="FNanchor_64_64"></a><a href="#Footnote_64_64" class="fnanchor">[64]</a></div>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>After this the epilogue digresses into a comparison
+of the Duke of Cumberland with King
+William. Virgil, Juvenal, Addison, Dryden,
+and Pope, upon one of whose lines on Cibber
+Walpole bases his reference to the Lord Chamberlain,
+are all laid under contribution in this
+performance. It 'succeeded to flatter me,' he
+tells Mann a few days later,&mdash;a Gallicism from
+which we must infer an enthusiastic reception.</p>
+
+<p>Walpole's personal and domestic history does
+not present much interest at this period. His
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[100]</a></span>sister Mary (Catherine Shorter's daughter), who
+had married the third Earl of Cholmondeley,
+had died long before her mother. In February,
+1746, his half-sister, Lady Mary, his playmate
+at comet in the Houghton days, married Mr.
+Churchill,&mdash;'a foolish match,' in Horace's
+opinion, to which he will have nothing to say.
+With his second brother, Sir Edward Walpole,
+he seems to have had but little intercourse, and
+that scarcely of a fraternal character. In 1857,
+Cunningham published for the first time a very
+angry letter from Edward to his junior, in which
+the latter was bitterly reproached for his interference
+in disposing of the family borough of
+Castle Rising, and (incidentally) for his assumption
+of superiority, mental and otherwise. To
+this communication Walpole prepared a most
+caustic and categorical answer, which, however,
+he never sent. For his nieces, Edward
+Walpole's natural daughters, of whom it will be
+more convenient to speak later, Horace seems
+always to have felt a sincere regard. But
+although his brother had tastes which must have
+been akin to his own, for Edward Walpole was
+in his way an art patron (Roubillac the sculptor,
+for instance, was much indebted to him) and a
+respectable musician, no real cordiality ever
+existed between them. 'There is nothing in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[101]</a></span>
+the world'&mdash;he tells Montagu in May, 1745&mdash;'the
+Baron of Englefield has such an aversion
+for as for his brother.'<a name="FNanchor_65_65" id="FNanchor_65_65"></a><a href="#Footnote_65_65" class="fnanchor">[65]</a></p>
+
+<p>For his eldest brother's wife, the Lady
+Walpole who had formed one of the learned
+trio at Florence, he entertained no kind of
+respect, and his letters are full of flouts at her
+Ladyship's manners and morality. Indeed,
+between <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">préciosité</i> and 'Platonic love,' her
+life does not appear to have been a particularly
+worshipful one, and her long sojourn under
+Italian skies had not improved her. At present
+she was Lady Orford, her husband, who is seldom
+mentioned, and from whom she had been
+living apart, having succeeded to the title at his
+father's death. From Walpole's letters to Mann,
+it seems that in April, 1745, she was, much to
+the dismay of her relatives, already preening
+her wings for England. In September, she has
+arrived, and Walpole is maliciously delighted at
+the cold welcome she obtains from the Court
+and from society in general, with the exception
+of her old colleague, Lady Pomfret, and that
+in one sense congenial spirit, Lady Townshend.
+Later on, a definite separation from her hus<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[102]</a></span>band
+appears to have been agreed upon, which
+Walpole fondly hopes may have the effect of
+bringing about her departure for Italy. 'The
+Ladies O[rford] and T[ownshend]'&mdash;he says&mdash;'have
+exhausted scandal both in their persons
+and conversations.' However much this
+may be exaggerated (and Walpole never spares
+his antipathies), the last we hear of Lady
+Orford is certainly on his side, for she has
+retired from town to a villa near Richmond with
+a lover for whom she has postponed that
+southward flight which her family so ardently
+desired. This fortunate Endymion, the Hon.
+Sewallis Shirley, son of Robert, first Earl
+Ferrers, had already been one of the most
+favoured lovers of the notorious 'lady of quality'
+whose memoirs were afterwards foisted into
+<cite>Peregrine Pickle</cite>. To Lady Vane now succeeded
+Lady Orford, as eminent for wealth&mdash;says
+sarcastic Lady Mary Wortley Montagu&mdash;as
+her predecessor had been for beauty, and equal
+in her 'heroic contempt for shame.' This new
+connection was destined to endure. It was in
+September, 1746, that Walpole chronicled his
+sister-in-law's latest frailty, and in May, 1751,
+only a few weeks after her husband's death,<a name="FNanchor_66_66" id="FNanchor_66_66"></a><a href="#Footnote_66_66" class="fnanchor">[66]</a>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[103]</a></span>she married Shirley at the Rev. Alexander
+Keith's convenient little chapel in May Fair.'</p>
+
+<p>In 1744, died Alexander Pope, to be followed
+a year later by the great Dean of St.
+Patrick's. Neither of these events leaves any
+lasting mark in Walpole's correspondence,&mdash;indeed
+of Swift's death there is no mention at
+all. A nearer bereavement was the premature
+loss of West, which had taken place two years
+before, closing sorrowfully with faint accomplishment
+a life of promise. <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Vale, et vive paulisper cum
+vivis</i>,&mdash;he had written a few days earlier
+to Gray,&mdash;his friend to the last. With Gray,
+Walpole's friendship, as will be seen presently,
+had been resumed. His own literary essays
+still lie chiefly in the domain of squib and <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">jeu
+d'esprit</i>. In April, 1746, over the appropriate
+signature of 'Descartes,' he printed in No. II. of
+<cite>The Museum</cite> a 'Scheme for Raising a Large Sum
+of Money for the Use of the Government,
+by laying a tax on Message-Cards and Notes,'
+and in No. V. a pretended Advertisement and
+Table of Contents for a <cite>History of Good Breeding,
+from the Creation of the World</cite>, by the
+Author of the Whole Duty of Man. The wit
+of this is a little laboured, and scarcely goes
+beyond the announcement that 'The Eight last
+Volumes, which relate to <em>Germany</em>, may be had<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[104]</a></span>
+separate;' nor does that of the other exceed a
+mild reflection of Fielding's manner in some of
+his minor pieces. Among other things, we
+gather that it was the custom of the fine ladies
+of the day to send open messages on blank playing-cards;
+and it is stated as a fact or a fancy
+that 'after the fatal day of Fontenoy,' persons
+of quality 'all wrote their notes on Indian paper,
+which, being red, when inscribed with Japan ink
+made a melancholy military kind of elegy on the
+brave youths who occasioned the fashion, and
+were often the honourable subject of the epistle.'
+The only remaining effort of any importance at
+this time is the little poem of <cite>The Beauties</cite>,
+somewhat recalling Gay's Prologue to the
+<cite>Shepherd's Week</cite>, and written in July, 1746, to
+Eckardt the painter. Here is a specimen:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poetry"><div class="stanza">
+    <div class="verse">In smiling <span class="smcap">Capel's</span> bounteous look</div>
+    <div class="verse">Rich autumn's goddess is mistook.</div>
+    <div class="verse">With poppies and with spiky corn,</div>
+    <div class="verse">Eckardt, her nut-brown curls adorn;</div>
+    <div class="verse">And by her side, in decent line,</div>
+    <div class="verse">Place charming <span class="smcap">Berkeley</span>, Proserpine.</div>
+    <div class="verse">Mild as a summer sea, serene,</div>
+    <div class="verse">In dimpled beauty next be seen</div>
+    <div class="verse"><span class="smcap">Aylesb'ry</span>, like hoary Neptune's queen.</div>
+          <div class="verse indent2">With her the light-dispensing fair,</div>
+    <div class="verse">Whose beauty gilds the morning air,</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[105]</a></span>
+    <div class="verse">And bright as her attendant sun,</div>
+    <div class="verse">The new Aurora, <span class="smcap">Lyttelton</span>.</div>
+    <div class="verse">Such Guido's pencil, beauty-tip'd,</div>
+    <div class="verse">And in ethereal colours dip'd,</div>
+    <div class="verse">In measur'd dance to tuneful song</div>
+    <div class="verse">Drew the sweet goddess, as along</div>
+    <div class="verse">Heaven's azure 'neath their light feet spread,</div>
+    <div class="verse">The buxom hours the fairest led.'<a name="FNanchor_67_67" id="FNanchor_67_67"></a><a href="#Footnote_67_67" class="fnanchor">[67]</a></div>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>'Charming Berkeley,' here mentioned, afterwards
+became the third wife of Goldsmith's
+friend, Earl Nugent, and the mother of the little
+girl who played tricks upon the author of <cite>She
+Stoops to Conquer</cite> at her father's country seat
+of Gosfield; 'Aylesb'ry, like hoary Neptune's
+queen,' married Walpole's friend, Conway, and
+'the new Aurora, Lyttelton,' was that engaging
+Lucy Fortescue upon whose death in 1747 her
+husband wrote the monody so pitilessly parodied
+by Smollett.<a name="FNanchor_68_68" id="FNanchor_68_68"></a><a href="#Footnote_68_68" class="fnanchor">[68]</a> Lady Almeria Carpenter, Lady
+Emily Lenox, Miss Chudleigh (afterwards the
+notorious Duchess of Kingston), and many
+other well-known names, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">quos nunc perscribere
+longum est</i>, are also celebrated.</p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[106]</a></span></p>
+<p>In August, 1746, Walpole announces to Mann
+that he has taken a pretty house within the precincts
+of the castle at Windsor, to which he is
+going for the remainder of the summer. In
+September he has entered upon residence, for
+Gray tells Wharton that he sees him 'usually
+once a week.' 'All is mighty free, and even
+friendly more than one could expect,'&mdash;and
+one of the first things posted off to Conway, is
+Gray's <cite>Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College</cite>,
+which the sender desires he 'will please
+to like excessively.' He is drawn from his
+retreat by the arrival of a young Florentine
+friend, the Marquis Rinuncini, to whom he has
+to do the London honours. 'I stayed literally
+an entire week with him, carried him to see
+palaces and Richmond gardens and park, and
+Chenevix's shop, and talked a great deal to him
+<i lang="it" xml:lang="it">alle conversazioni</i>.'<a name="FNanchor_69_69" id="FNanchor_69_69"></a><a href="#Footnote_69_69" class="fnanchor">[69]</a> 'Chenevix's shop' suggests
+the main subject of the next chapter,&mdash;the purchase
+and occupation of Strawberry Hill.</p>
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[107]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<h2>CHAPTER V.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+<p>The New House at Twickenham.&mdash;Its First Tenants.&mdash;Christened
+'Strawberry Hill.'&mdash;Planting and Embellishing.&mdash;Fresh
+Additions.&mdash;Walpole's Description of it in 1753.&mdash;Visitors
+and Admirers.&mdash;Lord Bath's Verses.&mdash;Some Rival
+Mansions.&mdash;Minor Literature.&mdash;Robbed by James Maclean.&mdash;Sequel
+from <cite>The World</cite>.&mdash;The Maclean Mania.&mdash; High
+Life at Vauxhall.&mdash;Contributions to <cite>The World</cite>.&mdash;Theodore
+of Corsica.&mdash;Reconciliation with Gray.&mdash;Stimulates
+his Works.&mdash;The <cite>Poëmata-Grayo-Bentleiana</cite>.&mdash;Richard
+Bentley.&mdash;Müntz the Artist.&mdash;Dwellers at Twickenham.&mdash;Lady
+Suffolk and Mrs. Clive.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>On the 5th of June, 1747, Walpole announces
+to Mann that he has taken a little new
+farm, just out of Twickenham. 'The house is
+so small that I can send it to you in a letter to
+look at: the prospect is as delightful as possible,
+commanding the river, the town [Twickenham],
+and Richmond Park; and, being situated on a
+hill, descends to the Thames through two or
+three little meadows, where I have some Turkish
+sheep and two cows, all studied in their colours
+for becoming the view. This little rural <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">bijou</i>
+was Mrs. Chenevix's, the toy woman <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">à la mode</i>,<a name="FNanchor_70_70" id="FNanchor_70_70"></a><a href="#Footnote_70_70" class="fnanchor">[70]</a>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[108]</a></span>who in every dry season is to furnish me with
+the best rain water from Paris, and now and
+then with some Dresden-china cows, who are
+to figure like wooden classics in a library; so I
+shall grow as much a shepherd as any swain in
+the Astræa.' Three days later, further details
+are added in a letter to Conway, then in
+Flanders with the Duke of Cumberland:
+'You perceive by my date [Twickenham, 8
+June] that I am got into a new camp, and have
+left my tub at Windsor. It is a little play-thing-house,
+that I got out of Mrs. Chenevix's shop,
+and is the prettiest bauble you ever saw. It is
+set in enamelled meadows, with filagree hedges:</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poetry"><div class="stanza">
+    <div class="verse">'"A small Euphrates through the piece is roll'd,</div>
+    <div class="verse">And little finches wave their wings in gold."'<a name="FNanchor_71_71" id="FNanchor_71_71"></a><a href="#Footnote_71_71" class="fnanchor">[71]</a></div>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[109]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>'Two delightful roads, that you would call
+dusty, supply me continually with coaches and
+chaises; barges as solemn as Barons of the
+Exchequer move under my window; Richmond
+Hill and Ham Walks bound my prospect; ...
+Dowagers as plenty as flounders inhabit all
+around, and Pope's ghost is just now skimming
+under my window by a most poetical moonlight.
+I have about land enough to keep such
+a farm as Noah's, when he set up in the ark
+with a pair of each kind; but my cottage is
+rather cleaner than I believe his was after they
+had been cooped up together forty days. The
+Chenevixes had tricked it out for themselves:
+up two pair of stairs is what they call Mr.
+Chenevix's library, furnished with three maps,
+one shelf, a bust of Sir Isaac Newton, and a
+lame telescope without any glasses. Lord John
+Sackville <em>predecessed</em> me here, and instituted
+certain games called <em>cricketalia</em>, which have
+been celebrated this very evening in honour of
+him in a neighbouring meadow.'<a name="FNanchor_72_72" id="FNanchor_72_72"></a><a href="#Footnote_72_72" class="fnanchor">[72]</a></p>
+
+<p>The house thus whimsically described, which
+grew into the Gothic structure afterwards so
+closely associated with its owner's name, was
+not, even at this date, without its history. It
+stood on the left bank of the Thames, at the
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[110]</a></span>corner of the Upper Road to Teddington, not
+very far from Twickenham itself. It had been
+built about 1698 as a 'country box' by a
+retired coachman of the Earl of Bradford, and,
+from the fact that he was supposed to have
+acquired his means by starving his master's
+horses, was known popularly as Chopped-Straw
+Hall. Its earliest possessor not long afterwards
+let it out as a lodging-house, and finally,
+after several improvements, sub-let it altogether.
+One of its first tenants was Colley Cibber, who
+found it convenient when he was in attendance
+for acting at Hampton Court; and he is said
+to have written in it the comedy called <cite>The
+Refusal; or, the Ladies' Philosophy</cite>, produced
+at Drury Lane in 1721. Then, for eight years,
+it was rented by the Bishop of Durham, Dr.
+Talbot, who was reported to have kept in it a
+better table than the extent of its kitchen
+seemed, in Walpole's judgement, to justify. After
+the Bishop came a Marquis, Henry Bridges,
+son of the Duke of Chandos; after the Marquis,
+Mrs. Chenevix, the toy-woman, who, upon
+her husband's death, let it for two years to the
+nobleman who <em>predecessed</em> Walpole, Lord John
+Philip Sackville. Before this, Mrs. Chenevix
+had taken lodgers, one of whom was the celebrated
+theologian, Père Le Courrayer. At the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[111]</a></span>
+expiration of Lord John Sackville's tenancy,
+Walpole took the remainder of Mrs. Chenevix's
+lease; and in 1748 had grown to like the situation
+so much that he obtained a special act to
+purchase the fee simple from the existing possessors,
+three minors of the name of Mortimer.
+The price he paid was £1356 10<i>s.</i> Nothing
+was then wanting but the name, and in looking
+over some old deeds this was supplied. He
+found that the ground on which it stood had
+been known originally as 'Strawberry-Hill-Shot.'
+'You shall hear from me,' he tells Mann in
+June, 1748, 'from <span class="smcap">Strawberry Hill</span>, which I
+have found out in my lease is the old name of
+my house; so pray, never call it Twickenham
+again.'</p>
+
+<p>The transformation of the toy-woman's 'villakin'
+into a Gothic residence was not, however,
+the operation of a day. Indeed, at first, the
+idea of rebuilding does not seem to have
+entered its new owner's mind. But he speedily
+set about extending his boundaries, for before
+26 December, 1748, he has added nine acres to
+his original five, making fourteen in all,&mdash;a 'territory
+prodigious in a situation where land is so
+scarce.' Among the tenants of some of the
+buildings which he acquired in making these
+additions was Richard Francklin, the printer<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[112]</a></span>
+of the <cite>Craftsman</cite>, who, during Sir Robert
+Walpole's administration, had been taken up
+for printing that paper. He occupied a small
+house in what was afterwards known as the
+Flower Garden, and Walpole permitted him to
+retain it during his lifetime. Walpole's letters
+towards the close of 1748 contain numerous
+references to his assiduity in planting. 'My
+present and sole occupation' he says in August,
+'is planting, in which I have made great
+progress, and talk very learnedly with the
+nurserymen, except that now and then a lettuce
+run to seed overturns all my botany, as I have
+more than once taken it for a curious West
+Indian flowering shrub. Then the deliberation
+with which trees grow is extremely inconvenient
+to my natural impatience.' Two months
+later he is 'all plantation, and sprouts away like
+any chaste nymph in the <cite>Metamorphosis</cite>.' In
+December, we begin to hear of that famous
+lawn so well known in the later history of the
+house. He is 'making a terrace the whole
+breadth of his garden on the brow of a natural
+hill, with meadows at the foot, and commanding
+the river, the village [Twickenham], Richmond-hill,
+and the park, and part of Kingston' A
+year after this (September, 1749), while he is
+still 'digging and planting till it is dark,' come<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[113]</a></span>
+the first dreams of building. At Cheney's, in
+Buckinghamshire, he has seen some old stained
+glass, in the windows of an ancient house which
+had been degraded into a farm, and he thinks
+he will beg it of the Duke of Bedford (to
+whom the farm belongs), as it would be 'magnificent
+for Strawberry-castle.' Evidently he
+has discussed this (as yet) <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">château en Espagne</i>
+with Montagu. 'Did I tell you [he says] that
+I have found a text in Deuteronomy to authorise
+my future battlements? "When thou buildest
+a new house, then shalt thou make a battlement
+for thy roof, that thou bring not blood upon thy
+house, if any man fall from thence."' In January,
+the new building is an established fact, as
+far as purpose is concerned. In a postscript to
+Mann he writes: 'I must trouble you with a
+commission, which I don't know whether you
+can execute. <em>I am going to build a little gothic
+castle at Strawberry Hill.</em> If you can pick me
+up any fragments of old painted glass, arms, or
+anything, I shall be excessively obliged to you.
+I can't say I remember any such things in Italy;
+but out of old chateaus, I imagine, one might
+get it cheap, if there is any.'</p>
+
+<p>From a subsequent letter it would seem that
+Mann, as a resident in Italy, had rather expostulated
+against the style of architecture which<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[114]</a></span>
+his friend was about to adopt, and had suggested
+the Grecian. But Walpole, rightly
+or wrongly, knew what he intended. 'The
+Grecian,' he said, was 'only proper for magnificent
+and public buildings. Columns and all
+their beautiful ornaments look ridiculous when
+crowded into a closet or a cheesecake-house.
+The variety is little, and admits no charming
+irregularities. I am almost as fond of the
+<em>Sharawaggi</em>, or Chinese want of symmetry, in
+buildings, as in grounds or gardens. I am sure,
+whenever you come to England, you will be
+pleased with the liberty of taste into which we
+are struck, and of which you can have no idea.'
+The passage shows that he himself anticipated
+some of the ridicule which was levelled by unsympathetic
+people at the 'oyster-grotto-like
+profanation' which he gradually erected by the
+Thames. In the mean time it went on progressing
+slowly, as its progress was entirely
+dependent on his savings out of income; and the
+references to it in his letters, perhaps because
+Mann was doubtful, are not abundant. 'The
+library and refectory, or great parlour,' he says
+in his description, 'were entirely new built in
+1753; the gallery, round tower, great cloyster,
+and cabinet, in 1760 and 1761; and the great
+north bedchamber in 1770.' To speak of these<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[115]</a></span>
+later alterations would be to anticipate too
+much, and the further description of Strawberry
+Hill will be best deferred until his own account
+of the house and contents was printed in 1774,
+four years after the last addition above recorded.
+But even before he made the earliest of them,
+he must have done much to alter and improve
+the aspect of the place, for Gray, more admiring
+than Mann, praises what has been done.
+'I am glad,' he tells Wharton, 'that you enter
+into the spirit of Strawberry-castle. It has a
+purity and propriety of Gothicism in it (with
+very few exceptions) that I have not seen elsewhere;'
+and in an earlier letter he implies that
+its 'extreme littleness' is its chief defect. But
+here, before for the moment leaving the subject,
+it is only fair to give the proprietor's own
+description of Strawberry Hill at this date, <i>i. e.</i>,
+in June, 1753. After telling Mann that it is
+'so monastic' that he has 'a little hall decked
+with long saints in lean arched windows and
+with taper columns, which we call the Paraclete,
+in memory of Eloisa's cloister,'<a name="FNanchor_73_73" id="FNanchor_73_73"></a><a href="#Footnote_73_73" class="fnanchor">[73]</a> he sends
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[116]</a></span>him a sketch of it, and goes on: 'The enclosed
+enchanted little landscape, then, is Strawberry
+Hill.... This view of the castle is what I
+have just finished [it was a view of the south
+side, towards the north-east], and is the only
+side that will be at all regular. Directly before
+it is an open grove, through which you see a
+field, which is bounded by a serpentine wood
+of all kind of trees, and flowering shrubs, and
+flowers. The lawn before the house is situated
+on the top of a small hill, from whence to
+the left you see the town and church of Twickenham
+encircling a turn of the river, that looks
+exactly like a sea-port in miniature. The opposite
+shore is a most delicious meadow, bounded
+by Richmond Hill, which loses itself in the
+noble woods of the park to the end of the prospect
+on the right, where is another turn of the
+river, and the suburbs of Kingston as luckily
+placed as Twickenham is on the left: and a
+natural terrace on the brow of my hill, with
+meadows of my own down to the river, commands
+both extremities. Is not this a tolerable
+prospect? You must figure that all this is perpetually
+enlivened by a navigation of boats and
+barges, and by a road below my terrace, with
+coaches, post-chaises, waggons, and horsemen
+constantly in motion, and the fields speckled<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[117]</a></span>
+with cows, horses, and sheep. Now you shall
+walk into the house. The bow window below
+leads into a little parlour hung with a stone-colour
+Gothic paper and Jackson's Venetian
+prints,<a name="FNanchor_74_74" id="FNanchor_74_74"></a><a href="#Footnote_74_74" class="fnanchor">[74]</a> which I could never endure while they
+pretended, infamous as they are, to be after
+Titian, etc., but when I gave them this air of
+barbarous bas-reliefs, they succeeded to a miracle:
+it is impossible at first sight not to conclude
+that they contain the history of Attila or Tottila
+done about the very æra. From hence, under
+two gloomy arches, you come to the hall and
+staircase, which it is impossible to describe to
+you, as it is the most particular and chief beauty
+of the castle. Imagine the walls covered with
+(I call it paper, but it is really paper painted in
+perspective to represent) Gothic fretwork: the
+lightest Gothic balustrade to the staircase,
+adorned with antelopes (our supporters) bearing
+shields; lean windows fattened with rich saints
+in painted glass, and a vestibule open with three
+arches on the landing place, and niches full of
+trophies of old coats of mail, Indian shields made
+of rhinoceros's hides, broadswords, quivers, long-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[118]</a></span>bows,
+arrows, and spears,&mdash;all <em>supposed</em> to be
+taken by Sir Terry Robsart [an ancestor of Sir
+Robert Walpole] in the holy wars. But as none
+of this regards the enclosed drawing, I will pass
+to that. The room on the ground floor nearest
+to you is a bedchamber, hung with yellow paper
+and prints, framed in a new manner, invented by
+Lord Cardigan; that is, with black and white
+borders printed. Over this is Mr. Chute's bed-chamber,
+hung with red in the same manner.
+The bow-window room one pair of stairs is not
+yet finished; but in the tower beyond it is the
+charming closet where I am now writing to you.
+It is hung with green paper and water-colour
+pictures; has two windows: the one in the
+drawing looks to the garden, the other to the
+beautiful prospect; and the top of each glutted
+with the richest painted glass of the arms of
+England, crimson roses, and twenty other pieces
+of green, purple, and historic bits. I must tell
+you, by the way, that the castle, when finished,
+will have two-and-thirty windows enriched with
+painted glass. In this closet, which is Mr.
+Chute's College of Arms, are two presses
+of books of heraldry and antiquities, Madame
+Sévigné's Letters, and any French books that
+relate to her and her acquaintance. Out of this
+closet is the room where we always live, hung<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[119]</a></span>
+with a blue and white paper in stripes adorned
+with festoons, and a thousand plump chairs,
+couches, and luxurious settees covered with
+linen of the same pattern, and with a bow
+window commanding the prospect, and gloomed
+with limes that shade half each window, already
+darkened with painted glass in chiaroscuro, set
+in deep blue glass. Under this room is a cool
+little hall, where we generally dine, hung with
+paper to imitate Dutch tiles.</p>
+
+<p>'I have described so much that you will begin
+to think that all the accounts I used to give
+you of the diminutiveness of our habitation
+were fabulous; but it is really incredible how
+small most of the rooms are. The only two
+good chambers I shall have are not yet built:
+they will be an eating-room and a library, each
+twenty by thirty, and the latter fifteen feet
+high. For the rest of the house, I could send
+it to you in this letter as easily as the drawing,
+only that I should have nowhere to live until
+the return of the post. The Chinese summer-house,
+which you may distinguish in the distant
+landscape, belongs to my Lord Radnor.<a name="FNanchor_75_75" id="FNanchor_75_75"></a><a href="#Footnote_75_75" class="fnanchor">[75]</a> We
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[120]</a></span>pique ourselves upon nothing but simplicity,
+and have no carvings, gildings, paintings, inlayings,
+or tawdry businesses.'<a name="FNanchor_76_76" id="FNanchor_76_76"></a><a href="#Footnote_76_76" class="fnanchor">[76]</a></p>
+
+<p>From this it will appear that in June, 1753,
+the library and refectory were not yet built, so
+that when he says, in the printed description,
+that they were new built in 1753, he must mean
+no more than that they had been begun. In
+a later letter, of May, 1754, they were still
+unfinished. Meanwhile the house is gradually
+attracting more and more attention. George
+Montagu comes, and is 'in raptures and screams,
+and hoops, and hollas, and dances, and crosses
+himself a thousand times over.' The next visitor
+is 'Nolkejumskoi,'&mdash;otherwise the Duke
+of Cumberland,&mdash;who inspects it much after the
+fashion of a gracious Gulliver surveying a castle
+in Lilliput. Afterwards, attracted by the reports
+of Lady Hervey and Mr. Bristow (brother of
+the Countess of Buckingham), arrives my Lord
+Bath, who is stirred into celebrating it to the
+tune of a song of Bubb Dodington on Mrs.
+Strawbridge. His Lordship does not seem to
+have got further than two stanzas; but Walpole,
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[121]</a></span>not to leave so complimentary a tribute in the
+depressed condition of a fragment, discreetly
+revised and completed it himself. The lines
+may fairly find a place here as an example of
+his lighter muse. The first and third verses are
+Lord Bath's, the rest being obviously written
+in order to bring in 'Nolkejumskoi' and some
+personal friends:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poetry"><div class="stanza">
+    <div class="verse">'Some cry up Gunnersbury,</div>
+          <div class="verse indent2">For Sion some declare;</div>
+    <div class="verse">And some say that with Chiswick-house</div>
+          <div class="verse indent2">No villa can compare:</div>
+    <div class="verse">But ask the beaux of Middlesex,</div>
+          <div class="verse indent2">Who know the county well,</div>
+    <div class="verse">If Strawb'ry-hill, if Strawb'ry-hill</div>
+          <div class="verse indent2">Don't bear away the bell?</div>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+    <div class="verse">'Some love to roll down Greenwich-hill</div>
+          <div class="verse indent2">For this thing and for that;</div>
+    <div class="verse">And some prefer sweet Marble-hill,</div>
+          <div class="verse indent2">Tho' sure 'tis somewhat flat:</div>
+    <div class="verse">Yet Marble-hill and Greenwich-hill,</div>
+          <div class="verse indent2">If Kitty Clive can tell,</div>
+    <div class="verse">From Strawb'ry-hill, from Strawb'ry-hill</div>
+          <div class="verse indent2">Will never bear the bell.</div>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+    <div class="verse">'Tho' Surrey boasts its Oatlands,</div>
+          <div class="verse indent2">And Clermont kept so jim,</div>
+    <div class="verse">And some prefer sweet Southcote's,</div>
+          <div class="verse indent2">'Tis but a dainty whim;</div>
+    <div class="verse">For ask the gallant Bristow,</div>
+          <div class="verse indent2">Who does in taste excell,</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[122]</a></span>
+    <div class="verse">If Strawb'ry-hill, if Strawb'ry-hill</div>
+          <div class="verse indent2">Don't bear away the bell</div>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+    <div class="verse">'Since Denham sung of Cooper's,</div>
+          <div class="verse indent2">There's scarce a hill around,</div>
+    <div class="verse">But what in song or ditty</div>
+          <div class="verse indent2">Is turn'd to fairy-ground,&mdash;</div>
+    <div class="verse">Ah, peace be with their memories!</div>
+          <div class="verse indent2">I wish them wond'rous well;</div>
+    <div class="verse">But Strawb'ry-hill, but Strawb'ry-hill</div>
+          <div class="verse indent2">Must bear away the bell.</div>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+    <div class="verse">'Great William dwells at Windsor,</div>
+          <div class="verse indent2">As Edward did of old;</div>
+    <div class="verse">And many a Gaul and many a Scot</div>
+          <div class="verse indent2">Have found him full as bold.</div>
+    <div class="verse">On lofty hills like Windsor</div>
+          <div class="verse indent2">Such heroes ought to dwell;</div>
+    <div class="verse">Yet little folks like Strawb'ry-hill,</div>
+          <div class="verse indent2">Like Strawb'ry-hill as well.'<a name="FNanchor_77_77" id="FNanchor_77_77"></a><a href="#Footnote_77_77" class="fnanchor">[77]</a></div>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>Cumberland Lodge, where, say the old guide-books,
+the hero of Culloden 'reposed after
+victory,' still stands on the hill at the end of
+the Long Walk at Windsor; and at 'Gunnersbury'
+lived the Princess Amelia. All the other
+houses referred to are in existence. 'Sweet
+Marble-hill,' which, like Strawberry, was not
+long ago put up for sale, had at this date for
+mistress the Countess Dowager of Suffolk (Mrs.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[123]</a></span>Howard), for whom it had been built by her
+royal lover, George II.; and Chiswick House,
+(now the Marquis of Bute's), that famous
+structure of Kent which Lord Hervey said was
+'too small to inhabit, and too large to hang to
+one's watch,' was the residence of Richard,
+Earl of Burlington. Claremont 'kept so jim'
+[neat], was the seat of the Duke of Newcastle
+at Esher; Oatlands, near Weybridge, belonged
+to the Duke of York, and Sion House, on the
+Thames, to the Duke of Northumberland.
+Walpole and his friends, it will be perceived,
+did not shrink from comparing small things with
+great. But perhaps the most notable circumstance
+about this glorification of Strawberry is
+that it should have originated with its reputed
+author. 'Can there be,' says Walpole, 'an odder
+revolution of things, than that the printer of
+the <cite>Craftsman</cite> should live in a house of mine,
+and that the author of the <cite>Craftsman</cite> should
+write a panegyric on a house of mine?' The
+printer was Richard Francklin, already mentioned
+as his tenant; and Lord Bath, if not the
+actual, was at least the putative, writer of most
+of the <cite>Craftsman's</cite> attacks upon Sir Robert
+Walpole. It is possible, however, that, as
+with the poem, part only of this honour really
+belonged to him.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[124]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Strawberry Hill and its improvements have,
+however, carried us far from the date at which
+this chapter begins, and we must return to
+1747. Happily the life of Walpole, though
+voluminously chronicled in his correspondence,
+is not so crowded with personal incident as to
+make a space of six years a serious matter to
+recover, especially when tested by the brief
+but still very detailed record in the <cite>Short Notes</cite>
+of what he held to be its conspicuous occurrences.
+In 1747-49 his zeal for his father's
+memory involved him in a good deal of party
+pamphleteering, and in 1749, he had what he
+styles 'a remarkable quarrel' with the Speaker,
+of which one may say that, in these days, it
+would scarcely deserve its qualifying epithet,
+although it produced more paper war. 'These
+things [he says himself] were only excusable by
+the lengths to which party had been carried
+against my father; or rather, were not excusable
+even then.' For this reason it is needless
+to dwell upon them here, as well as upon certain
+other papers in <cite>The Remembrancer</cite> for
+1749, and a tract called <cite>Delenda est Oxonia</cite>,
+prompted by a heinous scheme, which was meditated
+by the Ministry, of attacking the liberties
+of that University by vesting in the Crown the
+nomination of the Chancellor. This piece [he<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[125]</a></span>
+says], which I think one of my best, was seized
+at the printer's and suppressed.' Then in November,
+1749, comes something like a really
+'moving incident,'&mdash;he is robbed in Hyde
+Park. He was returning by moonlight to
+Arlington Street from Lord Holland's, when his
+coach was stopped by two of the most notorious
+of 'Diana's foresters,'&mdash;Plunket and James
+Maclean; and the adventure had all but a tragic
+termination. Maclean's pistol went off by accident,
+sending a bullet so nearly through
+Walpole's head that it grazed the skin under
+his eye, stunned him, and passed through the
+roof of the chariot. His correspondence contains
+no more than a passing reference to this
+narrow escape,&mdash;probably because it was amply
+reported (and expanded) in the public prints.
+But in a paper which he contributed to the
+<cite>World</cite> a year or two later, under guise of
+relating what had happened to one of his
+acquaintance, he reverts to this experience.
+'The whole affair [he says] was conducted with
+the greatest good-breeding on both sides. The
+robber, who had only taken a purse <em>this way</em>,
+because he had that morning been disappointed
+of marrying a great fortune, no sooner returned
+to his lodgings, than he sent the gentleman
+[<i>i. e.</i>, Walpole himself] two letters of excuses,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[126]</a></span>
+which, with less wit than the epistles of Voiture,
+had ten times more natural and easy politeness in
+the turn of their expression. In the postscript,
+he appointed a meeting at Tyburn at twelve
+at night, where the gentleman might <em>purchase
+again</em> any trifles he had lost; and my friend has
+been blamed for not accepting the rendezvous,
+as it seemed liable to be construed by ill-natured
+people into a doubt of the <em>honour</em> of a man
+who had given him all the satisfaction in his
+power for having <em>unluckily</em> been near shooting
+him through the head.'<a name="FNanchor_78_78" id="FNanchor_78_78"></a><a href="#Footnote_78_78" class="fnanchor">[78]</a></p>
+
+<p>The 'fashionable highwayman' (as Mr.
+Maclean was called) was taken soon afterwards,
+and hanged. 'I am honourably mentioned
+in a Grub-street ballad [says Walpole]
+for not having contributed to his sentence;' and
+he goes on to say that there are as many prints
+and pamphlets about him as about that other
+sensation of 1750, the earthquake. Maclean
+seems nevertheless to have been rather a pinchbeck
+Macheath; but for the moment, in default
+of larger lions, he was the rage. After his condemnation,
+several thousand people visited him
+in his cell at Newgate where he is stated to
+have fainted twice from the heat and pressure
+of the crowd. And his visitors were not all
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[127]</a></span>men. In a note to <cite>The Modern Fine Lady</cite>,
+Soame Jenyns says that some of the brightest
+eyes were in tears for him; and Walpole himself
+tells us that he excited the warmest commiseration
+in two distinguished beauties of the
+day, Lady Caroline Petersham and Miss Ashe.<a name="FNanchor_79_79" id="FNanchor_79_79"></a><a href="#Footnote_79_79" class="fnanchor">[79]</a></p>
+
+<p>Miss Ashe, of whom we are told mysteriously
+by the commentators that she 'was said to
+have been of very high parentage,' and Lady
+Caroline Petersham, a daughter of the Duke
+of Grafton, figure more pleasantly in another
+letter of Walpole, which gives a glimpse of some
+of those diversions with which he was wont to
+relieve the gothicising of his villa by the Thames.
+In a sentence that proves how well he understood
+his own qualities, he says he tells the
+story 'to show the manners of the age, which
+are always as entertaining to a person fifty miles
+off as to one born an hundred and fifty years
+after the time.' We have not yet reached the
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[128]</a></span>later limit; but there is little doubt as to the
+interest of Walpole's account of his visit in
+the month of June, 1750, to the famous gardens
+of Mr. Jonathan Tyers. He got a card, he says,
+from Lady Caroline to go with her to Vauxhall.
+He repairs accordingly to her house, and finds
+her 'and the little Ashe, or the Pollard Ashe,
+as they call her,' having 'just finished their last
+layer of red, and looking as handsome as crimson
+could make them.' Others of the party
+are the Duke of Kingston; Lord March, of
+Thackeray's <cite>Virginians</cite>; Harry Vane, soon to
+be Earl of Darlington; Mr. Whitehead; a
+'pretty Miss Beauclerc,' and a 'very foolish
+Miss Sparre.' As they sail up the Mall, they
+encounter cross-grained Lord Petersham (my
+lady's husband) shambling along after his wont,<a name="FNanchor_80_80" id="FNanchor_80_80"></a><a href="#Footnote_80_80" class="fnanchor">[80]</a>
+and 'as sulky as a ghost that nobody will speak
+to first.' He declines to accompany his wife
+and her friends, who, getting into the best order
+they can, march to their barge, which has a boat
+of French horns attending, and 'little Ashe'
+sings. After parading up the river, they 'debark'
+at Vauxhall, where at the outset they narrowly
+escape the excitement of a quarrel. For a certain
+Mrs. Lloyd, of Spring Gardens, afterwards
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[129]</a></span>married to Lord Haddington, observing Miss
+Beauclerc and her companion following Lady
+Caroline, says audibly, 'Poor girls, I am sorry
+to see them in such bad company,'&mdash;a remark
+which the 'foolish Miss Sparre' (she is but
+fifteen), for the fun of witnessing a duel,
+endeavours to make Lord March resent. But
+my Lord, who is not only 'very lively and agreeable,'
+but also of a nice discretion, laughs her
+out of 'this charming frolic, with a great deal of
+humour.' Next they pick up Lord Granby,
+arriving very drunk from 'Jenny's Whim,' at
+Chelsea, where he has left a mixed gathering
+of thirteen persons of quality playing at Brag.
+He is in the sentimental stage of his malady,
+and makes love to Miss Beauclerc and Miss
+Sparre alternately, until the tide of champagne
+turns, and he remembers that he is married.
+'At last,' says Walpole,&mdash;and at this point the
+story may be surrendered to him entirely,&mdash;'we
+assembled in our booth, Lady Caroline in the
+front, with the visor of her hat erect, and looking
+gloriously jolly and handsome. She had
+fetched my brother Orford from the next box,
+where he was enjoying himself with his <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">petite
+partie</i>, to help us to mince chickens. We
+minced seven chickens into a china dish, which
+Lady Caroline stewed over a lamp with three<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[130]</a></span>
+pats of butter and a flagon of water, stirring
+and rattling and laughing, and we every minute
+expecting to have the dish fly about our ears.
+She had brought Betty, the fruit girl,<a name="FNanchor_81_81" id="FNanchor_81_81"></a><a href="#Footnote_81_81" class="fnanchor">[81]</a> with
+hampers of strawberries and cherries from
+Rogers's, and made her wait upon us, and then
+made her sup by us at a little table. The conversation
+was no less lively than the whole
+transaction. There was a Mr. O'Brien arrived
+from Ireland, who would get the Duchess of
+Manchester from Mr. Hussey, if she were still
+at liberty. I took up the biggest hautboy in
+the dish, and said to Lady Caroline, "Madam,
+Miss Ashe desires you would eat this O'Brien
+strawberry;" she replied immediately, "I won't,
+you hussey." You may imagine the laugh this
+reply occasioned. After the tempest was a
+little calmed, the Pollard said, "Now, how
+anybody would spoil this story that was to
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[131]</a></span>repeat it, and say, "I won't, you jade." In short,
+the whole air of our party was sufficient, as you
+will easily imagine, to take up the whole attention
+of the garden; so much so that from eleven
+o'clock till half an hour after one we had the
+whole concourse round our booth: at last, they
+came into the little gardens of each booth on the
+sides of our's, till Harry Vane took up a bumper,
+and drank their healths, and was proceeding to
+treat them with still greater freedom. It was
+three o'clock before we got home.' He adds a
+characteristic touch to explain Lord Granby's
+eccentricities. He had lost eight hundred
+pounds to the Prince of Wales at Kew the night
+before, and this had a 'little ruffled' his lordship's
+temper.<a name="FNanchor_82_82" id="FNanchor_82_82"></a><a href="#Footnote_82_82" class="fnanchor">[82]</a></p>
+
+<p>Early in 1753, Edward Moore, the author of
+some <cite>Fables for the Female Sex</cite>, once popular
+enough to figure, between Thomson and Prior,
+in Goldsmith's <cite>Beauties of English Poesy</cite>, established
+the periodical paper called <cite>The World</cite>,
+which, to quote a latter-day definition, might
+fairly claim to be 'written by gentlemen for
+gentlemen.' Soame Jenyns, Cambridge of the
+<cite>Scribleriad</cite> (Walpole's Twickenham neighbour),
+Hamilton Boyle, Sir Charles Hanbury Williams,
+and Lord Chesterfield were all contributors.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[132]</a></span>That Walpole should also attempt this 'bow of
+Ulysses, in which it was the fashion for men
+of rank and genius to try their strength,' goes
+without saying. His gifts were exactly suited
+to the work, and his productions in the new
+journal are by no means its worst. His first
+essay was a bright little piece of persiflage upon
+what he calls the return of nature, and proceeds
+to illustrate by the introduction of 'real water'
+on the stage, by Kent's landscape gardening,
+and by the fauna and flora of the dessert table.
+A second effort was devoted to that extraordinary
+adventurer, Baron Neuhoff, otherwise
+Theodore, King of Corsica, who, with his realm
+for his only assets, was at this time a tenant of
+the King's Bench prison. Walpole, with genuine
+kindness, proposed a subscription for this
+bankrupt Belisarius, and a sum of fifty pounds
+was collected. This, however, proved so much
+below the expectations of His Corsican Majesty
+that he actually had the effrontery to threaten
+Dodsley, the printer of the paper, with a prosecution
+for using his name unjustifiably. 'I
+have done with countenancing kings,' wrote
+Walpole to Mann.<a name="FNanchor_83_83" id="FNanchor_83_83"></a><a href="#Footnote_83_83" class="fnanchor">[83]</a> Others of his <cite>World</cite>
+essays are on the Glastonbury Thorn; on
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[133]</a></span>Letter-Writing,&mdash;a subject of which he might
+claim to speak with authority; on old women
+as objects of passion; and on politeness, wherein
+occurs the already quoted anecdote of
+Maclean the highwayman. His light hand and
+lighter humour made him an almost ideal contributor
+to Moore's pages, and it is not surprising
+to find that such judges as Lady Mary
+approved his performances, or that he himself
+regarded them with a complacency which peeps
+out now and again in his letters. 'I met Mrs.
+Clive two nights ago,' he says, 'and told her I
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[134]</a></span>had been in the meadows, but would walk no
+more there, for there was all the world. "Well,"
+says she, "and don't you like <cite>The World</cite>? I
+hear it was very clever last Thursday."' 'Last
+Thursday' had appeared Walpole's paper on
+elderly 'flames.'</p>
+
+<p>During the period covered by this chapter
+the <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">redintegratio amoris</i> with Gray, to which
+reference has been made, became confirmed.
+Whether the attachment was ever quite on the
+old basis, may be doubted. Gray always poses
+a little as the aggrieved person who could not
+speak first, and to whom unmistakable overtures
+must be made by the other side. He as
+yet 'neither repents, nor rejoices over much,
+but is pleased,'&mdash;he tells Chute in 1750. On
+the other hand, Walpole, though he appears
+to have proffered his palm-branch with very
+genuine geniality, and desire to let by-gones
+be by-gones, was not above very candid criticism
+of his recovered friend. 'I agree with
+you most absolutely in your opinion about
+Gray,' he writes to Montagu in September,
+1748: 'he is the worst company in the world.
+From a melancholy turn, from living reclusely,
+and from a little too much dignity, he never
+converses easily; all his words are measured
+and chosen, and formed into sentences; his<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[135]</a></span>
+writings are admirable; he himself is not agreeable.'
+Meantime, however, the revived connection
+went on pleasantly. Gray made flying
+visits to Strawberry and Arlington Street, and
+prattled to Walpole from Pembroke between
+whiles. And certainly, in a measure, it is to
+Walpole that we owe Gray. It was Walpole
+who induced Gray to allow Dodsley to print in
+1747, as an attenuated <em>folio</em> pamphlet, the <cite>Ode
+on a Distant Prospect of Eton College</cite>; and it
+was the tragic end of one of Walpole's favourite
+cats in a china tub of gold-fish (of which, by
+the way, there was a large pond called Po-yang
+at Strawberry) which prompted the delightful
+occasional verses by Gray beginning:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poetry"><div class="stanza">
+    <div class="verse">''Twas on a lofty vase's side,</div>
+    <div class="verse">Where china's gayest art had dy'd</div>
+          <div class="verse indent2">The azure flow'rs that blow;</div>
+    <div class="verse">Demurest of the tabby kind,</div>
+    <div class="verse">The pensive Selima reclin'd,</div>
+          <div class="verse indent2">Gaz'd on the lake below,'&mdash;</div>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>a stanza which, with trifling verbal alterations,
+long served as a label for the 'lofty vase' in
+the Strawberry Hill collection. To Walpole's
+officious circulation in manuscript of the famous
+<cite>Elegy written in a Country Church-Yard</cite> must
+indirectly be attributed its publication by Dodsley
+in February, 1751; to Walpole also is due that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[136]</a></span>
+typical piece of <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">vers de société</i>, the <cite>Long Story</cite>,
+which originated in the interest in the recluse
+poet of Stoke Poges with which Walpole's well-meaning
+(if unwelcome) advocacy had inspired
+Lady Cobham and some other lion-hunters of
+the neighbourhood. But his chief enterprise
+in connection with his friend's productions was
+the edition of them put forth in March, 1753,
+with illustrations by Richard Bentley, the youngest
+child of the famous Master of Trinity.
+Bentley possessed considerable attainments as
+an amateur artist, and as a scholar and connoisseur
+had just that virtuoso <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">finesse</i> of manner
+which was most attractive to Walpole, whose
+guest and counsellor he frequently became
+during the progress of the Strawberry improvements.
+Out of this connection, which, in its
+hot fits, was of the most confidential character,
+grew the suggestion that Bentley should make,
+at Walpole's expense, a series of designs for
+Gray's poems. These, which are still in existence,<a name="FNanchor_84_84" id="FNanchor_84_84"></a><a href="#Footnote_84_84" class="fnanchor">[84]</a>
+were engraved with great delicacy by two
+of the best engravers of that time, Müller and
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[137]</a></span>Charles Grignion; and the <cite>Poemata-Grayo-Bentleiana</cite>,
+as Walpole christened them, became
+and remains one of the most remarkable of the
+illustrated books of the last century. Gray, as
+may be imagined, could scarcely oppose the
+compliment; and he seems to have grown
+minutely interested in the enterprise, rewarding
+the artist by some commendatory verses, in
+which he certainly does not deny himself&mdash;to
+use a phrase of Mr. Swinburne&mdash;'the noble
+pleasure of praising.'<a name="FNanchor_85_85" id="FNanchor_85_85"></a><a href="#Footnote_85_85" class="fnanchor">[85]</a> But even over this book
+the sensitive ligament that linked him to Walpole
+was perilously strained. Without consulting him,
+Walpole had his likeness engraved as a frontispiece,&mdash;a
+step which instantly drew from Gray
+a wail of nervous expostulation so unmistakably
+heartfelt that it was impossible to proceed with
+the plate. Thus it came about that <cite>Designs by
+Mr. R. Bentley for Six Poems by Mr. T. Gray</cite>
+made its appearance without the portrait of
+the poet.</p>
+
+<p>Bentley's ingenious son was not the only person
+whom the decoration of Strawberry pressed
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[138]</a></span>into the service of its owner. Selwyn, the wit,
+George James (or 'Gilly') Williams, a connoisseur
+of considerable ability, and Richard, second
+Lord Edgecumbe, occasionally sat as a committee
+of taste,&mdash;a function commemorated by
+Reynolds in a conversation-piece which afterwards
+formed one of the chief ornaments of the
+Refectory;<a name="FNanchor_86_86" id="FNanchor_86_86"></a><a href="#Footnote_86_86" class="fnanchor">[86]</a> and upon Bentley's recommendation
+Walpole invited from Jersey a humbler guest
+in the person of a German artist named Müntz,&mdash;'an
+inoffensive, good creature,' who would
+'rather ponder over a foreign gazette than a
+palette,' but whose services kept him domiciled
+for some time at the Gothic castle. Müntz
+executed many views of the neighbourhood,
+which are still, like that of Twickenham already
+referred to,<a name="FNanchor_87_87" id="FNanchor_87_87"></a><a href="#Footnote_87_87" class="fnanchor">[87]</a> preserved in contemporary engravings.
+And besides the persons whom Walpole
+drew into his immediate circle, the 'village,'
+as he called it, was growing steadily in public
+favour. 'Mr. Müntz'&mdash;writes Walpole in
+July, 1755&mdash;'says we have more coaches than
+there are in half France. Mrs. Pritchard has
+bought Ragman's Castle, for which my Lord
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[139]</a></span>Litchfield could not agree. We shall be as celebrated
+as Baiæ or Tivoli; and if we have not
+as sonorous names as they boast, we have very
+famous people: Clive and Pritchard, actresses;
+Scott and Hudson, painters; my Lady Suffolk,
+famous in her time; Mr. H[ickey], the impudent
+Lawyer, that Tom Hervey wrote against;
+Whitehead, the poet; and Cambridge, the everything.'
+Cambridge has already been referred
+to as a contributor to <cite>The World</cite>, and the
+Whitehead was the one mentioned in Churchill's
+stinging couplet:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poetry"><div class="stanza">
+    <div class="verse">'May I (can worse disgrace on manhood fall?)</div>
+    <div class="verse">Be born a Whitehead, and baptiz'd a Paul,'</div>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>who then lived on Twickenham Common.
+Hickey, a jovial Irish attorney, was the legal
+adviser of Burke and Reynolds, and the 'blunt,
+pleasant creature' of Goldsmith's 'Retaliation.'
+Scott was Samuel Scott, the 'English Canaletto;'
+Hudson, Sir Joshua's master, who had
+a house on the river near Lord Radnor's. But
+Walpole's best allies were two of the other sex.
+One was Lady Suffolk, the whilom friend (as
+Mrs. Howard) of Pope and Swift and Gay,
+whose home at Marble Hill is celebrated in the
+Walpole-cum-Pulteney poem; the other was
+red-faced Mrs. Clive, who occupied a house<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[140]</a></span>
+known familiarly as 'Clive-den,' and officially
+as Little Strawberry. She had not yet retired
+from the stage. Lady Suffolk's stories of the
+Georgian Court and its scandals, and Mrs.
+Clive's anecdotes of the green-room, and of their
+common neighbour at Hampton, the great
+'Roscius' himself (with whom she was always
+at war), must have furnished Walpole with an
+inexhaustible supply of just the particular description
+of gossip which he most appreciated.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[141]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<h2>CHAPTER VI.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+<p>Gleanings from the <cite>Short Notes</cite>.&mdash;<cite>Letter from Xo Ho.</cite>&mdash;The
+Strawberry Hill Press.&mdash;Robinson the Printer.&mdash;Gray's
+<cite>Odes</cite>.&mdash;Other Works.&mdash;<cite>Catalogue of Royal and Noble
+Authors.</cite>&mdash;<cite>Anecdotes of Painting.</cite>&mdash;Humours of the Press.&mdash;<cite>The
+Parish Register of Twickenham.</cite>&mdash;Lady Fanny
+Shirley.&mdash;Fielding.&mdash;<cite>The Castle of Otranto.</cite></p></div>
+
+
+<p>In order to take up the little-variegated thread
+of Walpole's life, we must again resort to
+the <cite>Short Notes</cite>, in which, as already stated, he
+has recorded what he considered to be its most
+important occurrences. In 1754, he had been
+chosen member, in the new Parliament of that
+year, for Castle Rising, in Norfolk. In March,
+1755, he says, he was very ill-used by his
+nephew, Lord Orford [<i>i. e.</i>, the son of his eldest
+brother, Robert], upon a contested election in
+the House of Commons, 'on which I wrote
+him a long letter, with an account of my own
+conduct in politics.' This letter does not seem
+to have been preserved, and it is difficult to
+conceive that its theme could have involved
+very lengthy explanations. In February, 1757,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[142]</a></span>
+he vacated his Castle Rising seat for that of
+Lynn, and about the same time, he tells us,
+used his best endeavours, although in vain, to
+save the unfortunate Admiral Byng, who was
+executed, <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">pour encourager les autres</i>, in the
+following March. But with the exception of
+his erection of a tablet to Theodore of Corsica,
+and the dismissal, in 1759, of Mr. Müntz, with
+whom his connection seems to have been exceptionally
+prolonged, his record for the next
+decade, or until the publication of the <cite>Castle
+of Otranto</cite>, is almost exclusively literary, and
+deals with the establishment of his private printing
+press at Strawberry Hill, his publication
+thereat of Gray's <cite>Odes</cite> and other works, his
+<cite>Catalogue of Royal and Noble Authors</cite>, his
+<cite>Anecdotes of Painting</cite>, and his above-mentioned
+romance. This accidental absorption of his
+chronicle by literary production will serve as
+a sufficient reason for devoting this chapter to
+those efforts of his pen which, from the outset,
+were destined to the permanence of
+type.</p>
+
+<p>Already, as far back as March, 1751, he had
+begun the work afterwards known as the
+<cite>Memoires of the last Ten Years of the Reign of
+George II.</cite>, to the progress of which there are
+scattered references in the <cite>Short Notes</cite>. He<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[143]</a></span>
+had intended at first to confine them to the
+history of one year, but they grew under his
+hand. His first definite literary effort in 1757,
+however, was the clever little squib, after the
+model of Montesquieu's <cite>Lettres Persanes</cite>, entitled
+<cite>A Letter from Xo Ho, a Chinese Philosopher
+at London, to his Friend Lien Chi, at
+Peking</cite>, in which he ingeniously satirizes the
+'late political revolutions' and the inconstant
+disposition of the English nation, not forgetting
+to fire off a few sarcasms <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">à propos</i> of the Byng
+tragedy. The piece, he tells Mann, was written
+'in an hour and a half' (there is always a little
+of Oronte's <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Je n'ai demeuré qu'un quart d'heure
+à le faire</i> about Walpole's literary efforts), was
+sent to press next day, and ran through five
+editions in a fortnight.<a name="FNanchor_88_88" id="FNanchor_88_88"></a><a href="#Footnote_88_88" class="fnanchor">[88]</a> Mrs. Clive was of
+opinion that the rash satirist would be sent to
+the Tower; but he himself regarded it as 'perhaps
+the only political paper ever written, in
+which no man of any party could dislike or
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[144]</a></span>deny a single fact;' and Henry Fox, to whom
+he sent a copy, may be held to confirm this
+view, since his only objection seems to have
+been that it did not hit some of the <em>other</em> side
+a little harder. It would be difficult now without
+long notes to make it intelligible to modern
+readers; but the following outburst of the
+Chinese philosopher respecting the variations
+of the English climate has the merit of enduring
+applicability. 'The English have no sun, no
+summer, as we have, at least their sun does not
+scorch like ours. They content themselves
+with names: at a certain time of the year they
+leave their capital, and that makes summer;
+they go out of the city, and that makes the
+country. Their monarch, when he goes into
+the country, passes in his calash<a name="FNanchor_89_89" id="FNanchor_89_89"></a><a href="#Footnote_89_89" class="fnanchor">[89]</a> by a row of
+high trees, goes along a gravel walk, crosses
+one of the chief streets, is driven by the side
+of a canal between two rows of lamps, at the
+end of which he has a small house [Kensington
+Palace], and then he is supposed to be in the
+country. I saw this ceremony yesterday: as
+soon as he was gone the men put on under vest<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[145]</a></span>ments
+of white linen, and the women left off
+those vast draperies, which they call <em>hoops</em>, and
+which I have described to thee; and then all the
+men and all the women said <em>it was hot</em>. If thou
+wilt believe me, I am now [in May] writing to
+thee before a fire.'<a name="FNanchor_90_90" id="FNanchor_90_90"></a><a href="#Footnote_90_90" class="fnanchor">[90]</a></p>
+
+<p>In the following June Walpole had betaken
+himself to the place he 'loved best of all,' and
+was amusing himself at Strawberry with his pen.
+The next work which he records is the publication
+of a Catalogue of the Collection of
+Pictures, etc., of [<i>i. e.</i>, belonging to] Charles
+the First, for which he prepared 'a little introduction.'
+This, and the subsequent 'prefaces
+or advertisements' to the Catalogues of the
+Collections of James the Second, and the Duke
+of Buckingham, are to be found in vol. i., pp.
+234-41, of his works. But the great event of
+1757 is the establishment of the <cite>Officina Arbuteana</cite>,
+or private printing press, of Strawberry
+Hill. 'Elzevir, Aldus, and Stephens,' he tells
+Chute in July, 'are the freshest personages in
+his memory,' and he jestingly threatens to assume
+as his motto (with a slight variation) Pope's
+couplet:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poetry"><div class="stanza">
+    <div class="verse">'Some have at first for wits, then poets pass'd;</div>
+    <div class="verse">Turn'd <em>printers</em> next, and proved plain fools at last.'</div>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[146]</a></span></p>
+<p>'I am turned printer,' he writes somewhat
+later, 'and have converted a little cottage into
+a printing-office. My abbey is a perfect college
+or academy. I keep a painter [Müntz] in the
+house, and a printer,&mdash;not to mention Mr.
+Bentley, who is an academy himself.' William
+Robinson, the printer, an Irishman with noticeable
+eyes which Garrick envied ('they are more
+Richard the Third's than Garrick's own,' says
+Walpole), must have been a rather original personage,
+to judge by a copy of one of his letters
+which his patron incloses to Mann. He says
+he found it in a drawer where it had evidently
+been placed to attract his attention. After
+telling his correspondent in bad blank verse
+that he dates from the 'shady bowers, nodding
+groves, and amaranthine shades (?)' of Twickenham,&mdash;'Richmond's
+near neighbour, where great
+George the King resides,'&mdash;Robinson proceeds
+to describe his employer as 'the Hon. Horatio
+Walpole, son to the late great Sir Robert Walpole,
+who is very studious, and an admirer of
+all the liberal arts and sciences; amongst the
+rest he admires printing. He has fitted out a
+complete printing-house at this his country seat,
+and has done me the favour to make me sole
+manager and operator (there being no one but
+myself). All men of genius resorts his house,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[147]</a></span>
+courts his company, and admires his understanding:
+what with his own and their writings, I
+believe I shall be pretty well employed. I have
+pleased him, and I hope to continue so to do.'
+Then, after reference to the extreme heat,&mdash;a
+heat by which fowls and quarters of lamb have
+been roasted in the London Artillery grounds
+'by the help of glasses,' so capricious was
+the climate over which Walpole had made merry
+in May,&mdash;he proceeds to describe Strawberry.
+'The place I am now in is all my comfort from
+the heat; the situation of it is close to the
+Thames, and is Richmond Gardens (if you were
+ever in them) in miniature, surrounded by
+bowers, groves, cascades, and ponds, and on
+a rising ground not very common in this part
+of the country; the building elegant, and the
+furniture of a peculiar taste, magnificent and
+superb.' At this date poor Robinson seems to
+have been delighted with the place and the
+fastidious master whom he hoped 'to continue
+to please.' But Walpole was nothing if not
+mutable, and two years later he had found out
+that Robinson of the remarkable eyes was 'a
+foolish Irishman who took himself for a genius,'
+and they parted, with the result that the <i lang="it" xml:lang="it">Officina
+Arbuteana</i> was temporarily at a standstill.</p>
+
+<p>For the moment, however, things went<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[148]</a></span>
+smoothly enough. It had been intended that
+the maiden effort of the Strawberry types
+should have been a translation by Bentley of
+Paul Hentzner's curious account of England in
+1598. But Walpole suddenly became aware
+that Gray had put the penultimate, if not the
+final, touches to his painfully elaborated Pindaric
+Odes, the <cite>Bard</cite> and the <cite>Progress of Poesy</cite>,
+and he pounced upon them forthwith; Gray, as
+usual, half expostulating, half overborne. 'You
+will dislike this as much as I do,'&mdash;he writes to
+Mason,&mdash;'but there is no help.' 'You understand,'
+he adds, with the air of one resigning
+himself to the inevitable, 'it is he that prints
+them, not for me, but for Dodsley.' However,
+he persisted in refusing Walpole's not entirely
+unreasonable request for notes. 'If a thing
+cannot be understood without them,' he said
+characteristically, 'it had better not be understood
+at all.' Consequently, while describing
+them as 'Greek, Pindaric, sublime,' Walpole
+confesses under his breath that they are a little
+obscure. Dodsley paid Gray forty guineas for
+the book, which was a large, thin quarto, entitled
+<cite>Odes by Mr. Gray; Printed, at Strawberry
+Hill, for R. and J. Dodsley in Pall-Mall</cite>. It
+was published in August, and the price was a
+shilling. On the title-page was a vignette of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[149]</a></span>
+the Gothic castle at Twickenham. From a letter
+of Walpole to Lyttelton it would seem that his
+apprehensions as to the poems being 'understanded
+of the people' proved well founded.
+'They [the age] have cast their eyes over them,
+found them obscure, and looked no further; yet
+perhaps no compositions ever had more sublime
+beauties than are in each,'&mdash;and he goes on to
+criticise them minutely in a fashion which shows
+that his own appreciation of them was by no
+means unqualified. But Warburton and Garrick
+and the 'word-picker' Hurd were enthusiastic.
+Lyttelton and Shenstone followed more
+moderately. Upon the whole, the success of
+the first venture was encouraging, and the share
+in it of 'Elzevir Horace,' as Conway called his
+friend, was not forgotten.</p>
+
+<p>Gray's <cite>Odes</cite> were succeeded by Hentzner's
+<cite>Travels</cite>, or, to speak more accurately, by that
+portion of Hentzner's <cite>Travels</cite> which refers
+to England. In England Hentzner was little
+known, and the 220 copies which Walpole printed
+in October, 1757, were prefaced by an Advertisement
+from his pen, and a dedication to the
+Society of Antiquaries, of which he was a
+member. After this came, in 1758, his <cite>Catalogue
+of Royal and Noble Authors</cite>; a collection
+of <cite>Fugitive Pieces</cite> (which included his essays in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[150]</a></span>
+the <cite>World</cite>), dedicated to Conway;<a name="FNanchor_91_91" id="FNanchor_91_91"></a><a href="#Footnote_91_91" class="fnanchor">[91]</a> and seven
+hundred copies of Lord Whitworth's <cite>Account
+of Russia</cite>. Then followed a book by Joseph
+Spence, <cite>the Parallel of Magliabecchi and Mr.</cite>
+[Robert] <cite>Hill</cite>, a learned tailor of Buckingham,
+the object of which was to benefit Hill,&mdash;an end
+which must have been attained, as six out of
+seven hundred copies were sold in a fortnight,
+and the book was reprinted in London. Bentley's
+<cite>Lucan</cite>, a quarto of five hundred copies,
+succeeded Spence, and then came three other
+quartos of <cite>Anecdotes of Painting</cite>, by Walpole
+himself. The only other notable products of
+the press during this period are the Autobiography
+of Lord Herbert of Cherbury, quarto,
+1764, and one hundred copies of the <cite>Poems</cite> of
+Lady Temple. This, however, is a very fair
+record for seven years' work, when it is remembered
+that the Strawberry Hill staff never
+exceeded a man and a boy. As already stated,
+the first printer, Robinson, was dismissed in
+1759. His place, after a short interval of 'occasional
+hands,' was taken by Thomas Kirgate,
+whose name thenceforth appears on all the
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[151]</a></span>Twickenham issues, with which it is indissolubly
+connected. Kirgate continued, with
+greater good fortune than his predecessors, to
+perform his duties until Walpole's death.</p>
+
+<p>In the above list there are two volumes
+which, in these pages, deserve a more extended
+notice than the rest. <cite>The Catalague of Royal
+and Noble Authors</cite> had at least the merit of
+novelty, and certainly a better reason for existing
+than some of the works to which its author
+refers in his preface. Even the performances
+of Pulteney, Earl of Bath, and the English
+rondeaus of Charles of Orleans are more
+worthy of a chronicler than the lives of
+physicians who had been poets, of men who
+had died laughing, or of Frenchmen who had
+studied Hebrew. Walpole took considerable
+pains in obtaining information, and his book
+was exceedingly well received,&mdash;indeed, far
+more favourably than he had any reason to
+expect. A second edition, which was not
+printed at Strawberry Hill, speedily followed
+the first, with no diminution of its prosperity.
+For an effort which made no pretensions to
+symmetry, which is often meagre where it
+might have been expected to be full, and is
+everywhere prejudiced by a sort of fine-gentleman
+disdain of exactitude, this was cer<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[152]</a></span>tainly
+as much as he could anticipate. But
+he seems to have been more than usually
+sensitive to criticism, and some of the amplest
+of his <cite>Short Notes</cite> are devoted to the discussion
+of the adverse opinions which were
+expressed. From these we learn that he was
+abused by the <cite>Critical Review</cite> for disliking
+the Stuarts, and by the <cite>Monthly</cite> for liking
+his father. Further, that he found an apologist
+in Dr. Hill (of the <cite>Inspector</cite>), whose gross
+adulation was worse than abuse; and lastly,
+that he was seriously attacked in a Pamphlet
+of <cite>Remarks on Mr. Walpole's 'Catalogue of
+Royal and Noble Authors'</cite> by a certain Carter,
+concerning whose antecedents his irritation
+goes on to bring together all the scandals he
+can collect. As the <cite>Short Notes</cite> were written
+long after the events, it shows how his soreness
+against his critics continued. What it was
+when still fresh may be gathered from the following
+quotation from a letter to Rev. Henry
+Zouch, to whom he was indebted for many
+new facts and corrections, especially in the
+second edition, and who afterwards helped
+him in the <cite>Anecdotes of Painting</cite>: 'I am sick
+of the character of author; I am sick of the
+consequences of it; I am weary of seeing my
+name in the newspapers; I am tired with read<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[153]</a></span>ing
+foolish criticisms on me, and as foolish
+defences of me; and I trust my friends will
+be so good as to let the last abuse of me pass
+unanswered. It is called "Remarks" on my
+Catalogue, asperses the Revolution more than
+it does my book, and, in one word, is written
+by a non-juring preacher, who was a dog-doctor.
+Of me, he knows so little that he thinks to
+punish me by abusing King William!'<a name="FNanchor_92_92" id="FNanchor_92_92"></a><a href="#Footnote_92_92" class="fnanchor">[92]</a></p>
+
+<p>In a letter of a few months earlier to the
+same correspondent, he refers to another task,
+upon which, in despite of the sentence just
+quoted, he continued to employ himself. 'Last
+summer'&mdash;he says&mdash;'I bought of Vertue's
+widow forty volumes of his MS. collections
+relating to English painters, sculptors, gravers,
+and architects. He had actually begun their
+lives: unluckily he had not gone far, and could
+not write grammar. I propose to digest and
+complete this work.'<a name="FNanchor_93_93" id="FNanchor_93_93"></a><a href="#Footnote_93_93" class="fnanchor">[93]</a> The purchases referred
+to had been made subsequent to 1756, when
+Mrs. Vertue applied to Walpole, as a connoisseur,
+to buy from her the voluminous notes and
+memoranda which her husband had accumulated
+with respect to art and artists in England.
+Walpole also acquired at Vertue's sale in May,
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[154]</a></span>1757, a number of copies from Holbein and
+two or three other pictures. He seems to have
+almost immediately set about arranging and
+digesting this unwieldy and chaotic heap of
+material,<a name="FNanchor_94_94" id="FNanchor_94_94"></a><a href="#Footnote_94_94" class="fnanchor">[94]</a> much of which, besides being illiterate,
+was also illegible. More than once his
+patience gave way under the drudgery; but
+he nevertheless persevered in a way that shows
+a tenacity of purpose foreign, in this case at all
+events, to his assumption of dilettante indifference.
+His progress is thus chronicled. He
+began in January, 1760, and finished the first
+volume on 14 August. The second volume was
+begun in September, and completed on the 23rd
+October. On the 4th January in the following
+year he set about the third volume, but laid it
+aside after the first day, not resuming it until
+the end of June. In August, however, he
+finished it. Two volumes were published in
+1762, and a third, which is dated 1763, in 1764.
+As usual, he affected more or less to undervalue
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[155]</a></span>his own share in the work; but he very justly
+laid stress in his 'Preface' upon the fact that
+he was little more than the arranger of data
+not collected by his own exertions. 'I would
+not,' he said to Zouch, 'have the materials of
+forty years, which was Vertue's case, depreciated
+in compliment to the work of four months,
+which is almost my whole merit.' Here, again,
+the tone is a little in the Oronte manner; but,
+upon the main point, the interest of the work,
+his friends did not share his apprehensions, and
+Gray especially was 'violent about it.' Nor
+did the public show themselves less appreciative,
+for there was so much that was new in the dead
+engraver's memoranda, and so much which was
+derived from private galleries or drawn from
+obscure sources, that the work could scarcely
+have failed of readers even if the style had been
+hopelessly corrupt, which, under Walpole's
+revision, it certainly was not. In 1762, he
+began a <cite>Catalogue of Engravers</cite>, which he
+finished in about six weeks as a supplementary
+volume, and in 1765, still from the Strawberry
+Press, he issued a second edition of the
+whole.<a name="FNanchor_95_95" id="FNanchor_95_95"></a><a href="#Footnote_95_95" class="fnanchor">[95]</a></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[156]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>After the appearance of the second edition
+of the <cite>Anecdotes of Painting</cite>, a silence fell upon
+the <cite>Officina Arbuteana</cite> for three years, during
+the earlier part of which time Walpole was at
+Paris, as will be narrated in the next chapter.
+His press, as may be guessed, was one of the
+sights of his Gothic castle, and there are several
+anecdotes showing how his ingenious fancy
+made it the vehicle of adroit compliment.
+Once, not long after it had been established,
+my Lady Rochford, Lady Townshend (the
+witty Ethelreda, or Audrey, Harrison),<a name="FNanchor_96_96" id="FNanchor_96_96"></a><a href="#Footnote_96_96" class="fnanchor">[96]</a> and Sir
+John Bland's sister were carried after dinner
+into the printing-room to see Mr. Robinson at
+work. He immediately struck off some verse
+which was already in type, and presented it to
+Lady Townshend:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">The Press speaks</span>:</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poetry"><div class="stanza">
+    <div class="verse">From me wits and poets their glory obtain;</div>
+    <div class="verse">Without me their wit and their verses were vain.</div>
+    <div class="verse">Stop, Townshend, and let me but paint<a name="FNanchor_97_97" id="FNanchor_97_97"></a><a href="#Footnote_97_97" class="fnanchor">[97]</a> what you say,</div>
+    <div class="verse">You, the fame I on others bestow, will repay.</div>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[157]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The visitors then asked, as had been anticipated
+to see the actual process of setting up;
+and Walpole ostensibly gave the printer four
+lines out of Rowe's <cite>Fair Penitent</cite>. But, by
+what would now be styled a clever feat of prestidigitation,
+the forewarned Robinson struck off
+the following, this time to Lady Rochford:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">The Press speaks.</span></p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poetry"><div class="stanza">
+    <div class="verse">In vain from your properest name you have flown,</div>
+    <div class="verse">And exchanged lovely Cupid's for Hymen's dull throne;</div>
+    <div class="verse">By my art shall your beauties be constantly sung,</div>
+    <div class="verse">And in spite of yourself, you shall ever be <em>young</em>.</div>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>Lady Rochford's maiden name, it should be
+explained, was 'Young.' Such were what their
+inventor call <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">les amusements des eaux de Straberri</i>
+in the month of August and the year of
+grace 1757.</p>
+
+<p>Beyond the major efforts already mentioned,
+the <cite>Short Notes</cite> contain references to various
+fugitive pieces which Walpole composed, some
+of which he printed, and some others of which
+have been published since his death. One of
+these, <cite>The Magpie and her Brood</cite>, was a pleasant
+little fable from the French of Bonaventure
+des Periers, rhymed for Miss Hotham, the
+youthful niece of his neighbour Lady Suffolk;
+another, a <cite>Dialogue between two Great Ladies</cite>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[158]</a></span>
+In 1761, he wrote a poem on the King, entitled
+<cite>The Garland</cite>, which first saw the light in the
+<cite>Quarterly</cite> for 1852 [No. <span class="smcap">CLXXX.</span>]. Besides
+these were several epigrams, mock sermons,
+and occasional verses. But perhaps the most
+interesting of his productions in this kind are
+the octosyllabics which he wrote in August,
+1759, and called <cite>The Parish Register of
+Twickenham</cite>. This is a metrical list of all
+the remarkable persons who ever lived there,
+for which reason a portion of it may find a place
+in these pages:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poetry"><div class="stanza">
+    <div class="verse">'Where silver Thames round Twit'nam meads</div>
+    <div class="verse">His winding current sweetly leads;</div>
+    <div class="verse">Twit'nam, the Muses' fav'rite seat,</div>
+    <div class="verse">Twit'nam, the Graces' lov'd retreat;</div>
+    <div class="verse">There polish'd Essex wont to sport,</div>
+    <div class="verse">The pride and victim of a court!</div>
+    <div class="verse">There Bacon tun'd the grateful lyre</div>
+    <div class="verse">To soothe Eliza's haughty ire;</div>
+    <div class="verse">&mdash;Ah! happy had no meaner strain</div>
+    <div class="verse">Than friendship's dash'd his mighty vein!</div>
+    <div class="verse">Twit'nam, where Hyde, majestic sage,</div>
+    <div class="verse">Retir'd from folly's frantic stage,</div>
+    <div class="verse">While his vast soul was hung on tenters</div>
+    <div class="verse">To mend the world, and vex dissenters</div>
+    <div class="verse">Twit'nam, where frolic Wharton revel'd,</div>
+    <div class="verse">Where Montagu, with locks dishevel'd</div>
+    <div class="verse">(Conflict of dirt and warmth divine),</div>
+    <div class="verse">Invok'd&mdash;and scandaliz'd the Nine;</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[159]</a></span>
+    <div class="verse">Where Pope in moral music spoke</div>
+    <div class="verse">To th' anguish'd soul of Bolingbroke,</div>
+    <div class="verse">And whisper'd, how true genius errs,</div>
+    <div class="verse">Preferring joys that pow'r confers;</div>
+    <div class="verse">Bliss, never to great minds arising</div>
+    <div class="verse">From ruling worlds, but from despising:</div>
+    <div class="verse">Where Fielding met his bunter Muse,</div>
+    <div class="verse">And, as they quaff'd the fiery juice,</div>
+    <div class="verse">Droll Nature stamp'd each lucky hit</div>
+    <div class="verse">With inimaginable wit:</div>
+    <div class="verse">Where Suffolk sought the peaceful scene,</div>
+    <div class="verse">Resigning Richmond to the queen,</div>
+    <div class="verse">And all the glory, all the teasing,</div>
+    <div class="verse">Of pleasing one not worth the pleasing:</div>
+    <div class="verse">Where Fanny, "ever-blooming fair,"</div>
+    <div class="verse">Ejaculates the graceful pray'r,</div>
+    <div class="verse">And 'scap'd from sense, with nonsense smit,</div>
+    <div class="verse">For Whitefield's cant leaves Stanhope's wit:</div>
+    <div class="verse">Amid this choir of sounding names</div>
+    <div class="verse">Of statesmen, bards, and beauteous dames,</div>
+    <div class="verse">Shall the last trifler of the throng</div>
+    <div class="verse">Enroll his own such names among?</div>
+    <div class="verse">&mdash;Oh! no&mdash;Enough if I consign</div>
+    <div class="verse">To lasting types their notes divine:</div>
+    <div class="verse">Enough, if Strawberry's humble hill</div>
+    <div class="verse">The title-page of fame shall fill.'<a name="FNanchor_98_98" id="FNanchor_98_98"></a><a href="#Footnote_98_98" class="fnanchor">[98]</a></div>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>In 1784, Walpole added a few lines to celebrate
+a new resident and a new favourite, Lady
+Di. Beauclerk, the widow of Johnson's famous
+friend.<a name="FNanchor_99_99" id="FNanchor_99_99"></a><a href="#Footnote_99_99" class="fnanchor">[99]</a> Most of the other names which occur
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[160]</a></span>in the <cite>Twickenham Register</cite> are easily identified.
+'Fanny, "ever-blooming fair,"' was the
+beautiful Lady Fanny Shirley of Phillips' ballad
+and Pope's epistle, aunt of that fourth Earl
+Ferrers who in 1760 was hanged at Tyburn
+for murdering his steward. Miss Hawkins
+remembered her as residing at a house now
+called Heath Lane Lodge, with her mother,
+'a very ancient Countess Ferrers,' widow of
+the first Earl. Henry Fielding, to whom Walpole
+gives a quatrain, the second couplet of
+which must excuse the insolence of the first,
+had for some time lodgings in Back Lane,
+whence was baptised in February, 1748, the
+elder of his sons by his second wife, the
+William Fielding who, like his father, became
+a Westminster magistrate. It is more likely
+that <cite>Tom Jones</cite> was written at Twickenham
+than at any of the dozen other places for which
+that honour is claimed, since the author quitted
+Twickenham late in 1748, and his great novel
+was published early in the following year.
+Walpole had only been resident for a short time
+when Fielding left, but even had this been
+otherwise, it is not likely that, between the
+master of the Comic Epos (who was also Lady
+Mary's cousin!) and the dilettante proprietor
+of Strawberry, there could ever have been<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[161]</a></span>
+much cordiality. Indeed, for some of the
+robuster spirits of his age Walpole shows an
+extraordinary distaste, which with him generally
+implies unsympathetic, if not absolutely
+illiberal, comment. Almost the only important
+anecdote of Fielding in his correspondence is
+one of which the distorting bias is demonstrable;<a name="FNanchor_100_100" id="FNanchor_100_100"></a><a href="#Footnote_100_100" class="fnanchor">[100]</a>
+and to Fielding's contemporary, Hogarth,
+although as a connoisseur he was shrewd
+enough to collect his works, he scarcely ever
+refers but to place him in a ridiculous aspect,&mdash;a
+course which contrasts curiously with the
+extravagant praise he gives to Bentley, Bunbury,
+Lady Di. Beauclerk, and some other of the
+very minor artistic lights in his own circle.</p>
+
+<p>It is, however, possible to write too long an
+excursus upon the <cite>Twickenham Parish Register</cite>,
+and the last paragraphs of this chapter belong
+of right to another and more important work,&mdash;<cite>The
+Castle of Otranto</cite>. According to the
+<cite>Short Notes</cite>, this 'Gothic romance' was begun
+in June, 1764, and finished on the 6th August
+following. From another account we learn that
+it occupied eight nights of this period from ten
+o'clock at night until two in the morning, to the
+accompaniment of coffee. In a letter to Cole,
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[162]</a></span>the Cambridge antiquary, with whom Walpole
+commenced to correspond in 1762, he gives some
+further particulars, which, because they have
+been so often quoted, can scarcely be omitted
+here: 'Shall I even confess to you what was
+the origin of this romance? I waked one
+morning, in the beginning of last June, from a
+dream, of which all I could recover was, that I
+had thought myself in an ancient castle (a very
+natural dream for a head filled, like mine, with
+Gothic story), and that on the uppermost bannister
+of a great staircase I saw a gigantic hand
+in armour. In the evening I sat down and
+began to write, without knowing in the least
+what I intended to say or relate. The work
+grew on my hands, and I grew fond of it,&mdash;add
+that I was very glad to think of anything, rather
+than politics. In short, I was so engrossed
+with my tale, which I completed in less than
+two months, that one evening I wrote from the
+time I had drunk my tea, about six o'clock, till
+half an hour after one in the morning, when my
+hand and fingers were so weary that I could not
+hold the pen to finish the sentence, but left
+Matilda and Isabella talking, in the middle of a
+paragraph.'<a name="FNanchor_101_101" id="FNanchor_101_101"></a><a href="#Footnote_101_101" class="fnanchor">[101]</a></p>
+
+<p>The work of which the origin is thus de<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[163]</a></span>scribed
+was published in a limited edition on
+the 24th December, 1764, with the title of <cite>The
+Castle of Otranto, a Story, translated by William
+Marshal, Gent., from the original Italian of Onuphrio
+Muralto, Canon of the Church of St.
+Nicholas at Otranto</cite>. The name of the alleged
+Italian author is sometimes described as an anagram
+from Horace Walpole,&mdash;a misconception
+which is easily demonstrated by counting the
+letters. The book was printed, not for Walpole,
+but for Lownds, of Fleet Street, and it was
+prefaced by an introduction in which the author
+described and criticised the supposed original,
+which he declared to be a black-letter printed
+at Naples in 1529. Its success was considerable.
+It seems at first to have excited no suspicion
+as to its authenticity, and it is not clear
+that even Gray, to whom a copy was sent immediately
+after publication, was in the secret.
+'I have received the <cite>Castle of Otranto</cite>,' he
+says, 'and return you my thanks for it. It engages
+our attention here [at Cambridge], makes
+some of us cry a little, and all in general afraid
+to go to bed o' nights.' In the second edition,
+which followed in April, 1765, Walpole dropped
+the mask, disclosing his authorship in a second
+preface of great ability, which, among other
+things, contains a vindication of Shakespeare's<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[164]</a></span>
+mingling of comedy and tragedy against the
+strictures of Voltaire,&mdash;a piece of temerity
+which some of his French friends feared might
+prejudice him with that formidable critic. But
+what is even more interesting is his own account
+of what he had attempted. He had endeavoured
+to blend ancient and modern romance,&mdash;to employ
+the old supernatural agencies of Scudéry
+and La Calprenède as the background to the
+adventures of personages modelled as closely
+upon ordinary life as the personages of <cite>Tom
+Jones</cite>. These are not his actual illustrations,
+but they express his meaning. 'The actions,
+sentiments, conversations, of the heroes and
+heroines of ancient days were as unnatural as
+the machines employed to put them in motion.'
+He would make his heroes and heroines natural
+in all these things, only borrowing from the
+older school some of that imagination, invention,
+and fancy which, in the literal reproduction of
+life, he thought too much neglected.</p>
+
+<p>His idea was novel, and the moment a favourable
+one for its development. Fluently and
+lucidly written, the <cite>Castle of Otranto</cite> set a
+fashion in literature. But, like many other
+works produced under similar conditions, it had
+its day. To the pioneer of a movement which
+has exhausted itself, there comes often what is<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[165]</a></span>
+almost worse than oblivion,&mdash;discredit and
+neglect. A generation like the present, for
+whom fiction has unravelled so many intricate
+combinations, and whose Gothicism and Mediævalism
+are better instructed than Walpole's, no
+longer feels its soul harrowed up in the same
+way as did his hushed and awe-struck readers
+of the days of the third George. To the critic
+the book is interesting as the first of a school of
+romances which had the honour of influencing
+even the mighty 'Wizard of the North,' who,
+no doubt in gratitude, wrote for <cite>Ballantyne's
+Novelist's Library</cite> a most appreciative study of
+the story. But we doubt if that many-plumed
+and monstrous helmet, which crashes through
+stone walls and cellars, could now give a single
+shiver to the most timorous Cambridge don,
+while we suspect that the majority of modern
+students would, like the author, leave Matilda
+and Isabella talking, in the middle of a paragraph,
+but from a different kind of weariness.
+<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Autres temps, autres mœurs</i>,&mdash;especially in the
+matter of Gothic romance.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[166]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<h2>CHAPTER VII.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+<p>State of French Society in 1765.&mdash;Walpole at Paris.&mdash;The
+Royal Family and the Bête du Gévaudan.&mdash;French Ladies
+of Quality.&mdash;Madame du Deffand.&mdash;A Letter from Madame
+de Sévigné.&mdash;Rousseau and the King of Prussia.&mdash;The
+Hume-Rousseau Quarrel.&mdash;Returns to England, and hears
+Wesley at Bath.&mdash;Paris again.&mdash;Madame du Deffand's
+Vitality.&mdash;Her Character.&mdash;Minor Literary Efforts.&mdash;The
+<cite>Historic Doubts</cite>.&mdash;The <cite>Mysterious Mother</cite>.&mdash;Tragedy in
+England.&mdash;Doings of the Strawberry Press.&mdash;Walpole
+and Chatterton.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>When, towards the close of 1765,
+Walpole made the first of several
+visits to Paris, the society of the French capital,
+and indeed French society as a whole, was
+showing signs of that coming <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">culbute générale</i>
+which was not to be long deferred. The upper
+classes were shamelessly immoral, and, from the
+King downwards, <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">liaisons</i> of the most open
+character excited neither censure nor comment.
+It was the era of Voltaire and the Encyclopædists;
+it was the era of Rousseau and the Sentimentalists;
+it was also the era of confirmed
+Anglomania. While we, on our side, were beginning
+to copy the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">comédies larmoyantes</i> of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[167]</a></span>
+La Chaussée and Diderot, the French in their
+turn were acting <cite>Romeo and Juliet</cite>, and raving
+over Richardson. Richardson's chief rival in
+their eyes was Hume, then a <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">chargé d'affaires</i>,
+and, in spite of his plain face and bad French,
+the idol of the freethinkers. He 'is treated
+here,' writes Walpole, 'with perfect veneration;'
+and we learn from other sources that no
+lady's toilette was complete without his attendance.
+'At the Opera,'&mdash;says Lord Charlemont,&mdash;'his
+broad, unmeaning face was usually seen
+<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">entre deux jolis minois</i>; the ladies in France
+gave the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">ton</i>, and the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">ton</i> was Deism.' Apart
+from literature, irreligion, and philosophy, the
+chief occupation was cards. 'Whisk and
+Richardson' is Walpole's later definition of
+French society; 'Whisk and disputes,' that of
+Hume. According to Walpole, a kind of pedantry
+and solemnity was the characteristic of
+conversation, and 'laughing was as much out
+of fashion as pantins or bilboquets. Good folks,
+they have no time to laugh. There is God and
+the King to be pulled down first; and men and
+women, one and all, are devoutly employed in
+the demolition.' How that enterprise eventuated,
+history has recorded.</p>
+
+<p>It is needless, however, to rehearse the origins
+of the French Revolution, in order to make a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[168]</a></span>
+background for the visit of an English gentleman
+to Paris in 1765. Walpole had been meditating
+this journey for two or three years; but
+the state of his health, among other things (he
+suffered much from gout), had from time to time
+postponed it. In 1763, he had been going
+next spring;<a name="FNanchor_102_102" id="FNanchor_102_102"></a><a href="#Footnote_102_102" class="fnanchor">[102]</a> but when next spring came he
+talked of the beginning of 1765. Nevertheless,
+in March of that year, Gilly Williams writes to
+Selwyn: 'Horry Walpole has now postponed
+his journey till May,' and then he goes on to
+speak of the <cite>Castle of Otranto</cite> in a way which
+shows that all the author's friends were not
+equally enthusiastic respecting that ingenious
+romance. 'How do you think he has employed
+that leisure which his political frenzy has allowed
+of? In writing a novel, ... and such
+a novel that no boarding-school miss of thirteen
+could get through without yawning. It consists
+of ghosts and enchantments; pictures walk out
+of their frames, and are good company for half
+an hour together; helmets drop from the moon,
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[169]</a></span>and cover half a family. He says it was a
+dream, and I fancy one when he had some
+feverish disposition in him.'<a name="FNanchor_103_103" id="FNanchor_103_103"></a><a href="#Footnote_103_103" class="fnanchor">[103]</a> May, however,
+had arrived and passed, and the <cite>Castle of
+Otranto</cite> was in its second edition, before
+Walpole at last set out, on Monday, the 9th
+September, 1765. After a seven hours' passage,
+he reached Calais from Dover. Near Amiens
+he was refreshed by a sight of one of his favourites,
+Lady Mary Coke,<a name="FNanchor_104_104" id="FNanchor_104_104"></a><a href="#Footnote_104_104" class="fnanchor">[104]</a> 'in pea-green and
+silver;' at Chantilly he was robbed of his port<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[170]</a></span>manteau.
+By the time he reached Paris, on the
+13th, he had already 'fallen in love with twenty
+things, and in hate with forty.' The dirt of
+Paris, the narrowness of the streets, the 'trees
+clipped to resemble brooms, and planted on
+pedestals of chalk,' disgust him. But he is
+enraptured with the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">treillage</i> and fountains,
+'and will prove it at Strawberry.' He detests
+the French opera, though he loves the French
+<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">opéra-comique</i>, with its Italian comedy and his
+passion,&mdash;'his dear favourite harlequin.' Upon
+the whole, in these first impressions he is disappointed.
+Society is duller than he expected,
+and with the staple topics of its conversation,&mdash;philosophy,
+literature, and freethinking,&mdash;he is
+(or says he is) out of sympathy. 'Freethinking
+is for one's self, surely not for society.... I
+dined to-day with half-a-dozen <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">savans</i>, and though
+all the servants were waiting, the conversation
+was much more unrestrained, even on the
+Old Testament, than I would suffer at my own
+table in England if a single footman was present.
+For literature, it is very amusing when
+one has nothing else to do. I think it rather
+pedantic in society; tiresome when displayed
+professedly; and, besides, in this country one is
+sure it is only the fashion of the day.' And<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[171]</a></span>
+then he goes on to say that the reigning fashion
+is Richardson and Hume.<a name="FNanchor_105_105" id="FNanchor_105_105"></a><a href="#Footnote_105_105" class="fnanchor">[105]</a></p>
+
+<p>One of his earliest experiences was his presentation
+at Versailles to the royal family,&mdash;a
+ceremony which luckily involved but one operation
+instead of several, as in England, where the
+Princess Dowager of Wales, the Duke of Cumberland,
+and the Princess Amelia had all their
+different levees. He gives an account of this
+to Lady Hervey; but repeats it on the same
+day with much greater detail in a letter to
+Chute. 'You perceive [he says] that I have
+been presented. The Queen took great notice
+of me [for which reason, in imitation of Madame
+de Sévigné, he tells Lady Hervey that she is <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">le
+plus grand roi du monde</i>]; none of the rest said
+a syllable. You are let into the King's bedchamber
+just as he has put on his shirt; he
+dresses, and talks good-humouredly to a few,
+glares at strangers, goes to mass, to dinner, and
+a-hunting. The good old Queen, who is like
+Lady Primrose in the face, and Queen Caroline
+in the immensity of her cap, is at her dressing-table,
+attended by two or three old ladies....
+Thence you go to the Dauphin, for all is done in
+an hour. He scarce stays a minute; indeed,
+poor creature, he is a ghost, and cannot possibly
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[172]</a></span>last three months. [He died, in fact, within
+this time, on the 20th December.] The
+Dauphiness is in her bed-chamber, but dressed
+and standing; looks cross, is not civil, and has
+the true Westphalian grace and accents. The
+four Mesdames [these were the <cite>Graille</cite>, <cite>Chiffe</cite>,
+<cite>Coche</cite>, and <cite>Loque</cite> of history], who are clumsy,
+plump old wenches, with a bad likeness to their
+father, stand in a bedchamber in a row, with
+black cloaks and knotting-bags, looking good-humoured,
+[and] not knowing what to say....
+This ceremony is very short; then you are carried
+to the Dauphin's three boys, who, you may be
+sure, only bow and stare. The Duke of Berry
+[afterwards Louis XVI.] looks weak and weak-eyed;
+the Count de Provence [Louis XVIII.]
+is a fine boy; the Count d'Artois [Charles X.]
+well enough. The whole concludes with seeing
+the Dauphin's little girl dine, who is as round and
+as fat as a pudding.'<a name="FNanchor_106_106" id="FNanchor_106_106"></a><a href="#Footnote_106_106" class="fnanchor">[106]</a> Such is Walpole's account
+of the royal family of France on exhibition. In
+the Queen's ante-chamber he was treated to a
+sight of the famous <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">bête du Gévaudan</i>, a hugeous
+wolf, of which a highly sensational representation
+had been given in the <cite>St. James's Chronicle</cite>
+for June 6-8. It had just been shot, after a
+prosperous but nefarious career, and was ex<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[173]</a></span>hibited
+by two chasseurs 'with as much parade
+as if it was Mr. Pitt.'<a name="FNanchor_107_107" id="FNanchor_107_107"></a><a href="#Footnote_107_107" class="fnanchor">[107]</a></p>
+
+<p>When he had been at Paris little less than a
+month, he was laid up with the gout in both
+feet. He was visited during his illness by
+Wilkes, for whom he expresses no admiration.
+From another letter it appears that Sterne and
+Foote were also staying in the French capital
+at this time. In November he is still limping
+about, and it is evident that confinement in 'a
+bedchamber in a <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">hôtel garni</i>, ... when the
+court is at Fontainebleau,' has not been without
+its effect upon his views of things in general.
+In writing to Gray (who replies with all sorts
+of kindly remedies), he says, 'The charms of
+Paris have not the least attraction for me, nor
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[174]</a></span>would keep me an hour on their own account.
+For the city itself, I cannot conceive where my
+eyes were: it is the ugliest, beastliest town in
+the universe. I have not seen a mouthful of
+verdure out of it, nor have they anything green
+but their <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">treillage</i> and window shutters....
+Their boasted knowledge of society is reduced
+to talking of their suppers, and every malady
+they have about them, or know of.' A day or
+two later his gout and his stick have left him,
+and his good humour is coming back. Before
+the month ends, he is growing reconciled to his
+environment; and by January 'France is so
+agreeable, and England so much the reverse,'&mdash;he
+tells Lady Hervey,&mdash;'that he does not know
+when he shall return.' The great ladies, too,
+Madame de Brionne, Madame d'Aiguillon,
+Marshal Richelieu's daughter, Madame d'Egmont
+(with whom he could fall in love if it
+would break anybody's heart in England), begin
+to flatter and caress him. His 'last new passion'
+is the Duchess de Choiseul, who is so
+charming that 'you would take her for the
+queen of an allegory.' 'One dreads its finishing,
+as much as a lover, if she would admit one,
+would wish it should finish.' There is also a
+beautiful Countess de Forcalquier, the 'broken
+music' of whose imperfect English stirs him<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[175]</a></span>
+into heroics too Arcadian for the matter-of-fact
+meridian of London, where Lady Hervey is
+cautioned not to exhibit them to the profane.<a name="FNanchor_108_108" id="FNanchor_108_108"></a><a href="#Footnote_108_108" class="fnanchor">[108]</a></p>
+
+<p>In a letter of later date to Gray, he describes
+some more of these graceful and witty leaders
+of fashion, whose '<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">douceur</i>' he seems to have
+greatly preferred to the pompous and arrogant
+fatuity of the men. 'They have taken up
+gravity,'&mdash;he says of these latter,&mdash;'thinking
+it was philosophy and English, and so have
+acquired nothing in the room of their natural
+levity and cheerfulness.' But with the women
+the case is different. He knows six or seven
+'with very superior understandings; some of
+them with wit, or with softness, or very good
+sense.' His first portrait is of the famous
+Madame Geoffrin, to whom he had been
+recommended by Lady Hervey, and who had
+visited him when imprisoned in his <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">chambre
+garni</i>. He lays stress upon her knowledge of
+character, her tact and good sense, and the
+happy mingling of freedom and severity by
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[176]</a></span>which she preserved her position as 'an epitome
+of empire, subsisting by rewards and
+punishments.' Then there is the Maréchale
+de Mirepoix, a courtier and an <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">intrigante</i> of the
+first order. 'She is false, artful, and insinuating
+beyond measure when it is her interest,
+but indolent and a coward,' says Walpole,
+who does not measure his words even when
+speaking of a beauty and a Princess of Lorraine.
+Others are the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">savante</i>, Madame de Boufflers,
+who visited England and Johnson, and whom
+the writer hits off neatly by saying that you
+would think she was always sitting for her
+picture to her biographer; a second <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">savante</i>,
+Madame de Rochfort, 'the <em>decent</em> friend' of
+Walpole's former guest at Strawberry, the Duc
+de Nivernais;<a name="FNanchor_109_109" id="FNanchor_109_109"></a><a href="#Footnote_109_109" class="fnanchor">[109]</a> the already mentioned Duchess
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[177]</a></span>de Choiseul, and Madame la Maréchale de
+Luxembourg, whose youth had been stormy,
+but who was now softening down into a kind
+of twilight melancholy which made her rather
+attractive. This last, with one exception, completes
+his list.</p>
+
+<p>The one exception is a figure which henceforth
+played no inconsiderable part in Walpole's
+correspondence,&mdash;that of the brilliant
+and witty Madame du Deffand. As Marie de
+Vichy-Chamrond, she had been married at
+one-and-twenty to the nobleman whose name
+she bore, and had followed the custom of her
+day by speedily choosing a lover, who had
+many successors. For a brief space she had
+captivated the Regent himself, and at this date,
+being nearly seventy and hopelessly blind, was
+continuing, from mere force of habit, a 'decent
+friendship' with the deaf President Hénault.
+At first Walpole was not impressed with her,
+and speaks of her, disrespectfully, as 'an old
+blind debauchee of wit.' A little later, although
+he still refers to her as the 'old lady of the
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[178]</a></span>house,' he says she is very agreeable. Later
+still, she has completed her conquest by telling
+him he has <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">le fou mocquer</i>; and in the letter to
+Gray above quoted, it is plain that she has
+become an object of absorbing interest to him,
+not unmingled with a nervous apprehension of
+her undisguised partiality for his society. In
+spite of her affliction (he says) she 'retains all
+her vivacity, wit, memory, judgment, passions,
+and agreeableness. She goes to Operas, Plays,
+suppers, and Versailles; gives suppers twice
+a week; has every thing new read to her;
+makes new songs and epigrams, ay, admirably,<a name="FNanchor_110_110" id="FNanchor_110_110"></a><a href="#Footnote_110_110" class="fnanchor">[110]</a>
+and remembers every one that has been made
+these fourscore years. She corresponds with
+Voltaire, dictates charming letters to him, contradicts
+him, is no bigot to him or anybody,
+and laughs both at the clergy and the philosophers.
+In a dispute, into which she easily falls,
+she is very warm, and yet scarce ever in the
+wrong; her judgment on every subject is as
+just as possible; on every point of conduct as
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[179]</a></span>wrong as possible: for she is all love and
+hatred, passionate for her friends to enthusiasm,
+still anxious to be loved, I don't mean
+by lovers, and a vehement enemy, but openly.
+As she can have no amusement but conversation,
+the least solitude and ennui are insupportable
+to her, and put her into the power
+of several worthless people, who eat her suppers
+when they can eat nobody's of higher rank;
+wink to one another and laugh at her; hate
+her because she has forty times more parts,
+and venture to hate her because she is not
+rich.'<a name="FNanchor_111_111" id="FNanchor_111_111"></a><a href="#Footnote_111_111" class="fnanchor">[111]</a> In another letter, to Mr. James Crawford
+of Auchinames (Hume's <cite>Fish</cite> Crawford),
+who was also one of Madame du Deffand's
+admirers, he says, in repeating some of the
+above details, that he is not 'ashamed of interesting
+himself exceedingly about her. To
+say nothing of her extraordinary parts, she is
+certainly the most generous, friendly being upon
+earth.' Upon her side, Madame du Deffand
+seems to have been equally attracted by the
+strange mixture of independence and effeminacy
+which went to make up Walpole's character.
+Her attachment to him rapidly grew into a
+kind of infatuation. He had no sooner quitted
+Paris, which he did on the 17th April, than she
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[180]</a></span>began to correspond with him; and thenceforward,
+until her death in 1780, her letters,
+dictated to her faithful secretary, Wiart, continued,
+except when Walpole was actually visiting
+her (and she sometimes wrote to him even
+then), to reach him regularly. Not long after
+his return to England, she made him the victim
+of a charming hoax. He had, when in Paris,
+admired a snuff-box which bore a portrait of
+Madame de Sévigné, for whom he professed an
+extravagant admiration. Madame du Deffand
+procured a similar box, had the portrait copied,
+and sent it to him with a letter, purporting to
+come from the dateless Elysian Fields and
+'Notre Dame de Livry' herself, in which he
+was enjoined to use his present always, and
+to bring it often to France and the Faubourg
+St. Germain. Walpole was completely taken
+in, and imagined that the box had come from
+Madame de Choiseul; but he should have
+known at first that no one living but his blind
+friend could have written 'that most charming
+of all letters.' The box itself, the memento of
+so much old-world ingenuity, was sold (with the
+pseudo-Sévigné epistle) at the Strawberry Hill
+sale for £28 7<i>s.</i> When witty Mrs. Clive heard
+of the last addition to Walpole's list of favourites,
+she delivered herself of a good-humoured<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[181]</a></span>
+<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">bon mot</i>. There was a new resident at Twickenham,&mdash;the
+first Earl of Shelburne's widow.
+'If the new Countess is but lame,' quoth Clive
+(referring to the fact that Lady Suffolk was deaf,
+and Madame du Deffand blind), 'I shall have
+no chance of ever seeing you.' But there is
+nothing to show that he ever relaxed in his
+attentions to the delightful actress, whom he
+somewhere styles <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">dimidium animæ meæ</i>.<a name="FNanchor_112_112" id="FNanchor_112_112"></a><a href="#Footnote_112_112" class="fnanchor">[112]</a></p>
+
+<p>One of the other illustrious visitors to Paris
+during Walpole's stay there was Rousseau. Being
+no longer safe in his Swiss asylum, where
+the curate of Motiers had excited the mob
+against him, that extraordinary self-tormentor,
+clad in his Armenian costume, had arrived in
+December at the French capital, and shortly
+afterwards left for England, under the safe-conduct
+of Hume, who had undertaken to procure
+him a fresh resting-place. He reached London
+on the 14th January, 1766. Walpole had, to
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[182]</a></span>use his own phrase, 'a hearty contempt' for the
+fugitive sentimentalist and his grievances; and
+not long before Rousseau's advent in Paris,
+taking for his pretext an offer made by the King
+of Prussia, he had woven some of the light
+mockery at Madame Geoffrin's into a sham letter
+from Frederick to Jean-Jacques, couched in the
+true Walpolean spirit of persiflage. It is difficult
+to summarize, and may be reproduced here as its
+author transcribed it on the 12th January, for
+the benefit of Conway:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p class="indent smcap">Le Roi de Prusse à Monsieur Rousseau.</p>
+
+    <p><span class="smcap">Mon cher Jean-Jacques</span>,&mdash;Vous avez renoncé
+    à Génève votre patrie; vous vous êtes
+    fait chasser de la Suisse, pays tant vanté dans
+    vos écrits; la France vous a décrété. Venez
+    donc chez moi; j'admire vos talens; je m'amuse
+    de vos rêveries, qui (soit dit en passant) vous
+    occupent trop, et trop longtems. Il faut à la
+    fin être sage et heureux. Vous avez fait assez
+    parler de vous par des singularités peu convenables
+    à un véritable grand homme. Démontrez
+    à vos ennemis que vous pouvez avoir quelquefois
+    le sens commun: cela les fachera, sans vous
+    faire tort. Mes états vous offrent une retraite
+    paisible; je vous veux du bien, et je vous en
+    ferai, si vous le trouvez bon. Mais si vous vous<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[183]</a></span>
+    obstiniez à rejetter mon secours, attendez-vous
+    que je ne le dirai à personne. Si vous persistez
+    à vous creuser l'esprit pour trouver de nouveaux
+    malheurs, choisissez les tels que vous
+    voudrez. Je suis roi, je puis vous en procurer
+    au gré de vos souhaits: et ce qui sûrement ne
+    vous arrivera pas vis à vis de vos ennemis, je
+    cesserai de vous persécuter quand vous cesserez
+    de mettre votre gloire à l'être.</p>
+
+    <p class="indent">
+    Votre bon ami,</p>
+    <p class="indentmore">
+    <span class="smcap">Frédéric</span>.
+    </p>
+</div>
+
+<p>This composition, the French of which was
+touched up by Helvétius, Hénault, and the Duc
+de Nivernais, gave extreme satisfaction to all
+the anti-Rousseau party.<a name="FNanchor_113_113" id="FNanchor_113_113"></a><a href="#Footnote_113_113" class="fnanchor">[113]</a> While Hume and
+his <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">protégé</i> were still in Paris, Walpole, out of
+delicacy to Hume, managed to keep the matter
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[184]</a></span>a secret; and he also abstained from making any
+overtures to Rousseau, whom, as he truly said,
+he could scarcely have visited cordially, with a
+letter in his pocket written to ridicule him.
+But Hume had no sooner departed than Frederick's
+sham invitation went the round, ultimately
+finding its way across the Channel, where it was
+printed in the <cite>St. James's Chronicle</cite>. Rousseau,
+always on the alert to pose as the victim of
+plots and conspiracies, was naturally furious, and
+wrote angrily from his retreat at Mr. Davenport's
+in Derbyshire to denounce the fabrication.
+The worst of it was, that his morbid nature immediately
+suspected the innocent Hume of participating
+in the trick. 'What rends and afflicts
+my heart [is],' he told the <cite>Chronicle</cite>, 'that the
+impostor hath his accomplices in England;' and
+this delusion became one of the main elements
+in that 'twice-told tale,'&mdash;the quarrel of Hume
+and Rousseau. Walpole was called upon to
+clear Hume from having any hand in the letter,
+and several communications, all of which are
+printed at length in the fourth volume of his
+works, followed upon the same subject. Their
+discussion would occupy too large a space in
+this limited memoir.<a name="FNanchor_114_114" id="FNanchor_114_114"></a><a href="#Footnote_114_114" class="fnanchor">[114]</a> It is, however, worth
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[185]</a></span>noticing that Walpole's instinct appears to have
+foreseen the trouble that fell upon Hume.
+'I wish,' he wrote to Lady Hervey, in a letter
+which Hume carried to England when he accompanied
+his untunable <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">protégé</i> thither, 'I
+wish he may not repent having engaged with
+Rousseau, who contradicts and quarrels with all
+mankind, in order to obtain their admiration.'<a name="FNanchor_115_115" id="FNanchor_115_115"></a><a href="#Footnote_115_115" class="fnanchor">[115]</a>
+He certainly, upon the present occasion, did not
+belie this uncomplimentary character.</p>
+
+<p>Before the last stages of the Hume-Rousseau
+controversy had been reached, Hume was back
+again in Paris, and Walpole had returned to
+London. Upon the whole, he told Mann, he
+liked France so well that he should certainly go
+there again. In September, 1766, he was once
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[186]</a></span>more attacked with gout, and at the beginning
+of October went to Bath, whose Avon (as compared
+with his favourite Thames) he considers
+'paltry enough to be the Seine or Tyber.'
+Nothing pleases him much at Bath, although it
+contained such notabilities as Lord Chatham,
+Lord Northington, and Lord Camden; but he
+goes to hear Wesley, of whom he writes rather
+flippantly to Chute. He describes him as 'a
+lean, elderly man, fresh-coloured, his hair
+smoothly combed, but with a <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">soupçon</i> of curl
+at the ends.' 'Wondrous clean,' he adds, 'but
+as evidently an actor as Garrick. He spoke
+his sermon, but so fast, and with so little
+accent, that I am sure he has often uttered it,
+for it was like a lesson. There were parts and
+eloquence in it; but towards the end he exalted
+his voice, and acted very ugly enthusiasm; decried
+learning, and told stories, like Latimer, of
+the fool of his college, who said, 'I <em>thanks</em> God
+for everything.'<a name="FNanchor_116_116" id="FNanchor_116_116"></a><a href="#Footnote_116_116" class="fnanchor">[116]</a> He returned to Strawberry
+Hill in October. In August of the next year he
+again went to Paris, going almost straight to
+Madame du Deffand's, where he finds Mademoiselle
+Clairon (who had quitted the stage)
+invited to declaim Corneille in his honour, and
+he sups in a distinguished company. His visit
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[187]</a></span>lasted two months; but his letters for this period
+contain few interesting particulars, while those
+of the lady cease altogether, to be resumed
+again on the 9th October, a few hours after his
+departure. Two years later he travels once
+more to Paris and his blind friend, whom he
+finds in better health than ever, and with spirits
+so increased that he tells her she will go mad
+with age. 'When they ask her how old she
+is, she answers, "<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">J'ai soixante et mille ans</i>."'
+Her septuagenarian activity might well have
+wearied a younger man. 'She and I,' he says,
+'went to the Boulevard last night after supper,
+and drove about there till two in the morning.
+We are going to sup in the country this evening,
+and are to go to-morrow night at eleven to the
+puppet-show.' In a letter to George Montagu,
+which adds some details to her portrait, he
+writes: 'I have heard her dispute with all sorts
+of people, on all sorts of subjects, and never
+knew her in the wrong.<a name="FNanchor_117_117" id="FNanchor_117_117"></a><a href="#Footnote_117_117" class="fnanchor">[117]</a> She humbles the
+learned, sets right their disciples, and finds
+conversation for everybody. Affectionate as
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[188]</a></span>Madame de Sévigné, she has none of her prejudices,
+but a more universal taste; and, with
+the most delicate frame, her spirits hurry her
+through a life of fatigue that would kill me, if I
+was to continue here.... I had great difficulty
+last night to persuade her, though she was not
+well, not to sit up till between two and three
+for the comet; for which purpose she had appointed
+an astronomer to bring his telescopes to
+the President Hénault's, as she thought it would
+amuse me. In short, her goodness to me is so
+excessive that I feel unashamed at producing
+my withered person in a round of diversions,
+which I have quitted at home.'<a name="FNanchor_118_118" id="FNanchor_118_118"></a><a href="#Footnote_118_118" class="fnanchor">[118]</a> One of the
+other amusements which she procured for him
+was the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">entrée</i> of the famous convent of St. Cyr,
+of which he gives an interesting account. He
+inspects the pensioners, and the numerous portraits
+of the foundress, Madame de Maintenon.
+In one class-room he hears the young ladies
+sing the choruses in <cite>Athalie</cite>; in another sees
+them dance minuets to the violin of a nun who
+is not precisely St. Cecilia. In the third room
+they act <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">proverbes</i>, or conversations. Finally, he
+is enabled to enrich the archives of Strawberry
+with a piece of paper containing a few sentences
+of Madame de Maintenon's handwriting.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[189]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Walpole's literary productions for this date (in
+addition to the letter from the King of Prussia
+to Rousseau) are scheduled in the <cite>Short Notes</cite>
+with his usual minuteness. In June, 1766,
+shortly after his return from Paris, he wrote a
+squib upon Captain Byron's description of the
+Patagonians, entitled, <cite>An Account of the Giants
+lately discovered</cite>, which was published on the
+25th August. On 18 August he began his
+<cite>Memoirs of the Reign of King George the
+Third</cite>; and, in 1767, the detection of a work
+published at Paris in two volumes under the
+title of the <cite>Testament du Chevalier Robert
+Walpole</cite>, and 'stamped in that mint of forgeries,
+Holland.' This, which is printed in the
+second volume of his works, remained unpublished
+during his lifetime, as no English translation
+of the <cite>Testament</cite> was ever made. His next
+deliverance was a letter, subsequently printed
+in the <cite>St. James's Chronicle</cite> for 28 May, in
+which he announced to the Corporation of
+Lynn, in the person of their Mayor, Mr. Langley,
+that he did not intend to offer himself again as
+the representative in Parliament of that town.
+A wish to retire from all public business, and the
+declining state of his health, are assigned as the
+reasons for his thus breaking his Parliamentary
+connection, which had now lasted for five-and-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[190]</a></span>twenty
+years. Following upon this comes the
+already mentioned account of his action in the
+Hume and Rousseau quarrel, and a couple of
+letters on <cite>Political Abuse in Newspapers</cite>. These
+appeared in the <cite>Public Advertiser</cite>. But the
+chief results of his leisure in 1766-8 are to be
+found in two efforts more ambitious than any of
+those above indicated,&mdash;the <cite>Historic Doubts
+on Richard the Third</cite>, and the tragedy of <cite>The
+Mysterious Mother</cite>. The <cite>Historic Doubts</cite> was
+begun in the winter of 1767, and published in
+February, 1768; the tragedy in December, 1766,
+and published in March, 1768.</p>
+
+<p>The <cite>Historic Doubts</cite> was an attempt to vindicate
+Richard III. from his traditional character,
+which Walpole considered had been intentionally
+blackened in order to whiten that of Henry
+VII. '<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Vous seriez un excellent attornei général</i>,'&mdash;wrote
+Voltaire to him,&mdash;'<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">vous pesez toutes
+les probabilités</i>.' He might have added that
+they were all weighed on one side. Gray
+admits the clearness with which the principal
+part of the arguments was made out; but he
+remained unconvinced, especially as regards
+the murder of Henry VI. Other objectors
+speedily appeared, who were neither so friendly
+nor so gentle. <cite>The Critical Review</cite> attacked
+him for not having referred to Guthrie's <cite>History<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[191]</a></span>
+of England</cite>, which had in some respects anticipated
+him; and he was also criticised adversely
+by the <cite>London Chronicle</cite>. Of these attacks
+Walpole spoke and wrote very contemptuously;
+but he seems to have been considerably nettled
+by the conduct of a Swiss named Deyverdun,
+who, giving an account of the book in a work
+called <cite>Mémoires Littéraires de la Grande Bretagne</cite>
+for 1768, declared his preference for the
+views which Hume had expressed in certain
+notes to the said account. Deyverdun's action
+appears to have stung Walpole into a supplementary
+defence of his theories, in which he dealt
+with his critics generally. This he did not print,
+but set aside to appear as a postscript in his
+works. In 1770, however, his arguments were
+contested by Dr. Milles, Dean of Exeter, to
+whom he replied; and later still, another antiquary,
+the Rev. Mr. Masters, came forward.
+The last two assailants were members of the
+Society of Antiquaries, from which body Walpole,
+in consequence, withdrew. But he practically
+abandoned his theories in a final postscript, written
+in February, 1793, which is to be found in
+the second volume of his works.</p>
+
+<p>Concerning the second performance above
+referred to, <cite>The Mysterious Mother</cite>, most of
+Walpole's biographers are content to abide in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[192]</a></span>
+generalities. That the proprietor of Gothic
+Strawberry should have produced <cite>The Castle
+of Otranto</cite> has a certain congruity; but one
+scarcely expects to find the same person indulging
+in a blank-verse tragedy sombre enough to
+have taxed the powers of Ford or Webster. It
+is a curious example of literary reaction, and
+his own words respecting it are doubtful-voiced.
+To Montagu and to Madame du Deffand he
+writes apologetically. '<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Il ne vous plairoit pas
+assurément</i>,' he informs the lady; '<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">il n'y a
+pas de beaux sentiments. Il n'y a que des passions
+sans envelope</i>, <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">des crimes</i>, <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">des repentis</i>, <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">et des
+horreurs</i>;'<a name="FNanchor_119_119" id="FNanchor_119_119"></a><a href="#Footnote_119_119" class="fnanchor">[119]</a> and he lays his finger on one of its
+gravest defects when he goes on to say that its
+interest languishes from the first act to the last.
+Yet he seems, too, to have thought of its being
+played, for he tells Montagu a month later that
+though he is not yet intoxicated enough with it
+to think it would do for the stage, yet he wishes
+to see it acted,&mdash;a wish which must have been
+a real one, since he says further that he has
+written an epilogue for Mrs. Clive to speak
+in character. The postscript which is affixed to
+the printed piece contradicts the above utterances
+considerably, or, at all events, shows that
+fuller consideration has materially revised them.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[193]</a></span>He admits that <cite>The Mysterious Mother</cite> would
+not be proper to appear upon the boards. 'The
+subject is so horrid that I thought it would
+shock rather than give satisfaction to an audience.
+Still, I found it so truly tragic in the
+two essential springs of terror and pity that I
+could not resist the impulse of adapting it to the
+scene, though it should never be practicable to
+produce it there.' After his criticism to Madame
+du Deffand upon the plot, it is curious to find
+him later on claiming that 'every scene tends
+to bring on the catastrophe, and [that] the story
+is never interrupted or diverted from its course.'
+Notwithstanding its imaginative power, it is
+impossible to deny that the author's words as to
+the repulsiveness of the subject are just. But
+it is needless to linger longer upon a dramatic
+work which had such grave defects as to render
+its being acted impossible, and concerning the
+literary merit of which there will always be different
+opinions. Byron spoke of it as 'a tragedy
+of the highest order,'&mdash;a judgment which has
+been traversed by Macaulay and Scott; Miss
+Burney shuddered at its very name; while Lady
+Di. Beauclerk illustrated it enthusiastically with
+a series of seven designs in 'sut-water,'<a name="FNanchor_120_120" id="FNanchor_120_120"></a><a href="#Footnote_120_120" class="fnanchor">[120]</a> for
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[194]</a></span>which the enraptured author erected a special
+gallery.<a name="FNanchor_121_121" id="FNanchor_121_121"></a><a href="#Footnote_121_121" class="fnanchor">[121]</a> Meanwhile, we may quote, from the
+close of the above postscript, a passage where
+Walpole is at his best. It is a rapid and characteristic
+<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">aperçu</i> of tragedy in England:</p>
+
+<p>'The excellence of our dramatic writers is
+by no means equal in number to the great men
+we have produced in other walks. Theatric
+genius lay dormant after Shakespeare; waked
+with some bold and glorious, but irregular and
+often ridiculous, flights in Dryden; revived in
+Otway; maintained a placid, pleasing kind of
+dignity in Rowe, and even shone in his <cite>Jane
+Shore</cite>. It trod in sublime and classic fetters
+in <cite>Cato</cite>, but void of nature, or the power of
+affecting the passions. In Southerne it seemed
+a genuine ray of nature and Shakespeare; but,
+falling on an age still more Hottentot, was stifled
+in those gross and barbarous productions, tragi-comedies.
+It turned to tuneful nonsense in
+the <cite>Mourning Bride</cite>; grew stark mad in Lee,
+whose cloak, a little the worse for wear, fell on
+Young, yet in both was still a poet's cloak. It
+recovered its senses in Hughes and Fenton, who
+were afraid it should relapse, and accordingly
+kept it down with a timid but amiable hand;
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[195]</a></span>and then it languished. We have not mounted
+again above the two last.'<a name="FNanchor_122_122" id="FNanchor_122_122"></a><a href="#Footnote_122_122" class="fnanchor">[122]</a></p>
+
+<p>The <cite>Castle of Otranto</cite> and the <cite>Historic
+Doubts</cite> were not printed by Mr. Robinson's
+latest successor, Mr. Kirgate. But the Strawberry
+Press had by this time resumed its functions,
+for <cite>The Mysterious Mother</cite>, of which
+50 copies were struck off in 1768, was issued
+from it. Another book which it produced in
+the same year was <cite>Cornélie</cite>, a youthful tragedy
+by Madame du Deffand's friend, President
+Hénault. Walpole's sole reason for giving it
+the permanence of his type appears to have
+been gratitude to the venerable author, then
+fast hastening to the grave, for his kindness to
+himself in Paris. To Paris three-fourths of the
+impression went. More important reprints were
+Grammont's <cite>Memoirs</cite>, a small quarto, and a
+series of <cite>Letters of Edward VI.</cite>; both printed
+in 1772. The list for this period is completed
+by the loose sheets of <cite>Hoyland's Poems</cite>, 1769,
+and the well-known, but now rare, <cite>Description
+of the Villa of Horace Walpole at Strawberry
+Hill</cite>, 1774, 100 copies of which were printed,
+six being on large paper. To an account of
+this patchwork edifice, the ensuing chapter will
+be chiefly devoted. The present may fitly be
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[196]</a></span>concluded with a brief statement of that always-debated
+passage in Walpole's life, his relations
+with the ill-starred Chatterton.</p>
+
+<p>Towards the close of 1768, and early in
+1769, Chatterton, fretting in Mr. Lambert's
+office at Bristol, and casting about eagerly
+for possible clues to a literary life, had offered
+some specimens of the pseudo-Rowley to
+James Dodsley of Pall-Mall, but apparently
+without success. His next appeal was made
+to Walpole, and mainly as the author of the
+<cite>Anecdotes of Painting in England</cite>. What
+documents he actually submitted to him, is not
+perfectly clear; but they manifestly included
+further fabrications of monkish verse, and hinted
+at, or referred to, a sequence of native artists
+in oil, hitherto wholly undreamed of by the
+distinguished virtuoso he addressed. The
+packet was handed to Walpole at Arlington
+Street by Mr. Bathoe, his bookseller (notable
+as the keeper of one of the first circulating
+libraries in London); and, incredible to say,
+Walpole was instantly 'drawn.' He despatched
+without delay to his unknown Bristol
+correspondent such a courteous note as he
+might have addressed to Zouch or Ducarel,
+expressing interest, curiosity, and a desire for
+further particulars. Chatterton as promptly<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[197]</a></span>
+rejoined, forwarding more extracts from the
+Rowley poems. But he also, from Walpole's
+recollection of his letter, in part unbosomed
+himself, making revelation of his position as
+a widow's son and lawyer's apprentice, who
+had 'a taste and turn for more elegant studies,'
+which inclinations, he suggested, his illustrious
+correspondent might enable him to gratify.
+Upon this, perhaps not unnaturally, Walpole's
+suspicions were aroused, the more so that
+Mason and Gray, to whom he showed the
+papers, declared them to be forgeries. He
+made, nevertheless, some private inquiry from
+an aristocratic relative at Bath as to Chatterton's
+antecedents, and found that, although his description
+of himself was accurate, no account
+of his character was forthcoming. He accordingly&mdash;he
+tells us&mdash;wrote him a letter 'with
+as much kindness and tenderness as if he had
+been his guardian,' recommending him to stick
+to his profession, and adding, by way of postscript,
+that judges, to whom the manuscripts had
+been submitted, were by no means thoroughly
+convinced of their antiquity. Two letters from
+Chatterton followed,&mdash;one (the first) dejected
+and seemingly acquiescent; the other, a week
+later, curtly demanding the restoration of his
+papers, the genuineness of which he re-affirmed.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[198]</a></span>
+These communications Walpole, by his own
+account, either neglected to notice, or overlooked.<a name="FNanchor_123_123" id="FNanchor_123_123"></a><a href="#Footnote_123_123" class="fnanchor">[123]</a>
+After an interval of some weeks
+arrived a final missive, the tone of which he
+regarded as 'singularly impertinent.' Snapping
+up both poems and letters in a pet, he
+scribbled a hasty reply, but, upon reconsideration,
+enclosed them to their writer without
+comment, and thought no more of him or them.
+It was not until about a year and a half afterwards
+that Goldsmith told him, at the first
+Royal Academy dinner, that Chatterton had
+come to London and destroyed himself,&mdash;an
+announcement which seems to have filled him
+with unaffected pity. 'Several persons of
+honour and veracity,' he says, 'were present
+when I first heard of his death, and will attest
+my surprise and concern.'<a name="FNanchor_124_124" id="FNanchor_124_124"></a><a href="#Footnote_124_124" class="fnanchor">[124]</a></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[199]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The apologists of the gifted and precocious
+Bristol boy, reading the above occurrences by
+the light of his deplorable end, have attributed
+to Walpole a more material part in his
+misfortunes than can justly be ascribed to
+him; and the first editor of Chatterton's <cite>Miscellanies</cite>
+did not scruple to emphasize the
+current gossip, which represented Walpole as
+'the primary cause of his [Chatterton's] dismal
+catastrophe,'<a name="FNanchor_125_125" id="FNanchor_125_125"></a><a href="#Footnote_125_125" class="fnanchor">[125]</a>&mdash;an aspersion which drew
+from the Abbot of Strawberry the lengthy
+letter on the subject which was afterwards
+reprinted in his <cite>Works</cite>.<a name="FNanchor_126_126" id="FNanchor_126_126"></a><a href="#Footnote_126_126" class="fnanchor">[126]</a> So long a vindication,
+if needed then, is scarcely needed now.
+Walpole, it is obvious, acted very much as he
+might have been expected to act. He had
+been imposed upon, and he was as much
+annoyed with himself as with the impostor.
+But he was not harsh enough to speak his
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[200]</a></span>mind frankly, nor benevolent enough to act the
+part of that rather rare personage, the ideal
+philanthropist. If he had behaved less like an
+ordinary man of the world; if he had obtained
+Chatterton's confidence, instead of lecturing
+him; if he had aided and counselled and
+protected him,&mdash;Walpole would have been
+different, and things might have been otherwise.
+As they were, upon the principle that 'two of
+a trade can ne'er agree,' it is difficult
+to conceive of any abiding alliance between
+the author of the fabricated <cite>Tragedy of Ælla</cite>
+and the author of the fabricated <cite>Castle of
+Otranto</cite>.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[201]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<h2>CHAPTER VIII.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+<p>Old Friends and New.&mdash;Walpole's Nieces.&mdash;Mrs. Damer.&mdash;Progress
+of Strawberry Hill.&mdash;Festivities and Later Improvements.&mdash;<cite>A
+Description</cite>, etc., 1774.&mdash;The House and Approaches.&mdash;Great
+Parlour, Waiting Room, China Room, and
+Yellow Bedchamber.&mdash;Breakfast Room.&mdash;Green Closet and
+Blue Bedchamber.&mdash;Armoury and Library.&mdash;Red Bedchamber,
+Holbein Chamber, and Star Chamber.&mdash;Gallery.&mdash;Round
+Drawing Room and Tribune.&mdash;Great North Bedchamber.&mdash;Great
+Cloister and Chapel.&mdash;Walpole on Strawberry.&mdash;Its
+Dampness.&mdash;A Drive from Twickenham to
+Piccadilly.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>In 1774, when, according to its title-page, the
+<cite>Description of Strawberry Hill</cite> was printed,
+Walpole was a man of fifty-seven. During the
+period covered by the last chapter, many
+changes had taken place in his circle of friends.
+Mann and George Montagu (until, in October,
+1770, his correspondence with the latter mysteriously
+ceased) were still the most frequent
+recipients of his letters, and next to these, Conway,
+and Cole the antiquary. But three of his
+former correspondents, his deaf neighbour at
+Marble Hill, Lady Suffolk,<a name="FNanchor_127_127" id="FNanchor_127_127"></a><a href="#Footnote_127_127" class="fnanchor">[127]</a> Lady Hervey
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[202]</a></span>(Pope's and Chesterfield's Molly Lepel, to
+whom he had written much from Paris), and
+Gray, were dead. On the other hand, he had
+opened what promised to be a lengthy series
+of letters with Gray's friend and biographer,
+the Rev. William Mason, Rector of Aston, in
+Yorkshire; with Madame du Deffand; and
+with the divorced Duchess of Grafton, who in
+1769 had married his Paris friend, John Fitzpatrick,
+second Earl of Upper Ossory. There
+were changes, too, among his own relatives.
+By this time his eldest brother's widow, Lady
+Orford, had lost her second husband, Sewallis
+Shirley, and was again living, not very reputably,
+on the Continent. Her son George, who
+since 1751 had been third Earl of Orford, and
+was still unmarried, was eminently unsatisfactory.
+He was shamelessly selfish, and by way
+of complicating the family embarrassments, had
+taken to the turf. Ultimately he had periodical
+attacks of insanity, during which time it fell to
+Walpole's fate to look after his affairs. With
+Sir Edward Walpole, his second brother, he
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[203]</a></span>seems never to have been on terms of real
+cordiality; but he made no secret of his pride
+in his beautiful nieces, Edward Walpole's
+natural daughters, whose charms and amiability
+had victoriously triumphed over every prejudice
+which could have been entertained against their
+birth. Laura, who was the eldest, had married
+a brother of the Earl of Albemarle, subsequently
+created Bishop of Exeter; Charlotte, the third,
+became Lady Huntingtower, and afterwards
+Countess of Dysart; while Maria, the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">belle</i> of
+the trio, was more fortunate still. After burying
+her first husband, Lord Waldegrave, she
+had succeeded in fascinating H. R. H. William
+Henry, Duke of Gloucester, the King's own
+brother, and so contributing to bring about the
+Royal Marriage Act of 1772. They were
+married in 1766; but the fact was not formally
+announced to His Majesty until September,
+1772.<a name="FNanchor_128_128" id="FNanchor_128_128"></a><a href="#Footnote_128_128" class="fnanchor">[128]</a> Another marriage which must have
+given Walpole almost as much pleasure was
+that of General Conway's daughter to Mr.
+Damer, Lord Milton's eldest son, which took
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[204]</a></span>place in 1767. After the unhappy death of her
+husband, who shot himself in a tavern ten years
+later, Mrs. Damer developed considerable talents
+as a sculptor, and during the last years of Walpole's
+life was a frequent exhibitor at the Royal
+Academy. <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Non me Praxiteles finxit, at Anna
+Damer</i>, wrote her admiring relative under
+one of her works, a wounded eagle in terra-cotta;<a name="FNanchor_129_129" id="FNanchor_129_129"></a><a href="#Footnote_129_129" class="fnanchor">[129]</a>
+and in the fourth volume of the <cite>Anecdotes
+of Painting</cite>, he likens 'her shock dog,
+large as life,' to such masterpieces of antique
+art as the Tuscan boar and the Barberini goat.</p>
+
+<p>It is time, however, to return to the story of
+Strawberry itself, as interrupted in Chapter V.
+In the introduction to Walpole's <cite>Description</cite> of
+1774, a considerable interval occurs between
+the building of the Refectory and Library in
+1753-4, and the subsequent erection of the
+Gallery, Round Tower, Great Cloister, and
+Cabinet, or Tribune, which, already in contemplation
+in 1759, were, according to the same
+authority, erected in 1760 and 1761. But here,
+as before, the date must rather be that of the
+commencement than the completion of these
+additions. In May, 1763, he tells Cole that
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[205]</a></span>the Gallery is fast advancing, and in July it is
+almost 'in the critical minute of consummation.'
+In August, 'all the earth is begging to come to
+see it.' A month afterwards, he is 'keeping an
+inn; the sign, "The Gothic Castle."' His
+whole time is passed in giving tickets of admission
+to the Gallery, and hiding himself when it
+is on view. 'Take my advice,' he tells Montagu,
+'never build a charming house for yourself
+between London and Hampton-court;
+everybody will live in it but you.' A year later
+he is giving a great fête to the French and
+Spanish Ambassadors, March, Selwyn, Lady
+Waldegrave, and other distinguished guests,
+which finishes in the new room. 'During
+dinner there were French horns and clarionets
+in the cloister,' and after coffee the guests
+were treated 'with a syllabub milked under the
+cows that were brought to the brow of the
+terrace. Thence they went to the Printing-house,
+and saw a new fashionable French song
+printed. They drank tea in the Gallery, and at
+eight went away to Vauxhall.'</p>
+
+<p>This last entertainment, the munificence of
+which, he says, the treasury of the Abbey will
+feel, took place in June, 1764; and it is not
+until four years later that we get tidings of any
+fresh improvements. In September, 1768, he<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[206]</a></span>
+tells Cole that he is going on with the Round
+Tower, or Chamber, at the end of the Gallery,
+which, in another letter, he says 'has stood
+still these five years,' and he is, besides, '<em>playing</em>
+with the little garden on the other side of
+the road' which had come into his hands by
+Francklin's death. In May of the following
+year he gives another magnificent <i lang="it" xml:lang="it">festino</i> at
+Strawberry, which will almost mortgage it, but
+the Round Tower still progresses. In October,
+1770, he is building again, in the intervals of
+gout; this time it is the Great Bedchamber,&mdash;a
+'sort of room which he seems likely to inhabit
+much time together.' Next year the
+whole piecemeal structure is rapidly verging
+to completion. 'The Round Tower is finished,
+and magnificent; and the State Bedchamber
+proceeds fast.' In June he is writing to Mann
+from the delicious bow window of the former,
+with Vasari's Bianca Capello (Mann's present)
+over against him, and the setting sun behind,
+'throwing its golden rays all round.' Further
+on, he is building a tiny brick chapel in the
+garden, mainly for the purpose of receiving
+'two valuable pieces of antiquity,'&mdash;one being
+a painted window from Bexhill of Henry III.
+and his Queen, given him by Lord Ashburnham;
+the other Cavalini's Tomb of Capoccio from<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[207]</a></span>
+the Church of Santa Maria Maggiore at Rome,
+which had been sent to him by Sir William (then
+Mr.) Hamilton, the English Minister at Naples.
+In August, 1772, the Great Bedchamber is finished,
+the house is complete, and he has 'at
+last exhausted all his hoards and collections.'
+Nothing remains but to compile the <cite>Description
+and Catalogue</cite>, concerning which he had
+written to Cole as far back as 1768, and which,
+as already stated, he ultimately printed in 1774.</p>
+
+<p>As time went on, his fresh acquisitions
+obliged him to add several <cite>Appendices</cite> to this
+issue; and the copy before us, although dated
+1774, has supplements which bring the record
+down to 1786. A fresh edition, in royal quarto,
+with twenty-seven plates, was printed in 1784;<a name="FNanchor_130_130" id="FNanchor_130_130"></a><a href="#Footnote_130_130" class="fnanchor">[130]</a>
+and this, or an expansion of it, reappears in
+vol. ii. of his <cite>Works</cite>. With these later issues
+we have little to do; but with the aid of that
+of 1774, may essay to give some brief account
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[208]</a></span>of the long, straggling, many-pinnacled building,
+with its round tower at the end, the east
+and south fronts of which are figured in the
+black-looking vignette upon the title-page. The
+entrance was on the north side, from the Teddington
+and Twickenham road, here shaded by
+lofty trees; and once within the embattled
+boundary wall, covered by this time with ivy,
+the first thing that struck the spectator was a
+small oratory inclosed by iron rails, with saint,
+altar, niches, and holy-water basins designed
+<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">en suite</i> by Mr. Chute. On the right hand&mdash;its
+gaily-coloured patches of flower-bed glimmering
+through a screen of iron work copied from
+the tomb of Roger Niger, Bishop of London,
+in old St. Paul's&mdash;was the diminutive Abbot's,
+or Prior's, Garden, which extended in front of
+the offices to the right of the principal entrance.<a name="FNanchor_131_131" id="FNanchor_131_131"></a><a href="#Footnote_131_131" class="fnanchor">[131]</a>
+This was along a little cloister to the left,
+beyond the oratory. The chief decoration of
+this cloister was a marble <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">bas-relief</i>, inscribed
+'Dia Helionora,' being, in fact, a portrait of
+that Leonora D'Esté who turned the head of
+Tasso. At the end was the door, which opened
+into 'a small gloomy hall' united with the staircase,
+the balustrades of which, designed by
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">[209]</a><br /><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">[210]</a></span>Bentley, were decorated with antelopes, the
+Walpole supporters. In the well of the staircase
+was a Gothic lantern of japanned tin, also
+due to Bentley's fertile invention. If, instead
+of climbing the stairs, you turned out of the
+hall into a little passage on your left, you found
+yourself in the Refectory, or Great Parlour,
+where were accumulated the family portraits.
+Here, over the chimney-piece, was the 'conversation,'
+by Sir Joshua Reynolds, representing
+the triumvirate of Selwyn, Williams, and Lord
+Edgcumbe, already referred to at p. <a href="#Page_138">138</a>; here
+also were Sir Robert Walpole and his two wives,
+Catherine Shorter and Maria Skerret; Robert
+Walpole the second, and his wife in a white
+riding-habit; Horace himself by Richardson;
+Dorothy Walpole, his aunt, who became Lady
+Townshend;<a name="FNanchor_132_132" id="FNanchor_132_132"></a><a href="#Footnote_132_132" class="fnanchor">[132]</a> his sister, Lady Maria Churchill;
+and a number of others. In the Waiting Room,
+into which the Refectory opened, was a stone
+head of John Dryden, whom Catherine Shorter
+claimed as great-uncle; next to this again was
+the China Closet, neatly lined with blue and
+white Dutch tiles, and having its ceiling painted
+by Müntz, after a villa at Frascati, with convolvuluses
+on poles. In the China Room,
+among great stores of Sèvres and Chelsea, and
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_211" id="Page_211">[211]</a></span>oriental china, perhaps the greatest curiosity
+was a couple of Saxon tankards, exactly alike
+in form and size, which had been presented to
+Sir Robert Walpole at different times by the
+mistresses of the first two Georges, the Duchess
+of Kendal and the Countess of Yarmouth. To
+the left of the China Closet, with a bow window
+looking to the south, was the Little Parlour,
+which was hung with stone-coloured 'gothic
+paper' in imitation of mosaic, and decorated
+with the 'wooden prints' already referred to,
+the chiaroscuros of Jackson;<a name="FNanchor_133_133" id="FNanchor_133_133"></a><a href="#Footnote_133_133" class="fnanchor">[133]</a> and at the side
+of this came the Yellow Bedchamber, known
+later, from its numerous feminine portraits, as
+the Beauty Room. The other spaces on the
+ground floor were occupied, towards the Prior's
+Garden, by the kitchen, cellars, and servants'
+hall, and, at the back, by the Great Cloister,
+which went under the Gallery.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/illus_220.jpg" alt="Ground Plan of Strawberry Hill" />
+<p class="caption">
+A Great Parlour or Refectory.<br />
+B Waiting Room.<br />
+C China Room.<br />
+D Little Parlour.<br />
+E Yellow Bedchamber.<br />
+F Hall.<br />
+G Pantry.<br />
+H Servants' Hall.<br />
+I Passage.<br />
+K Great Cloister.<br />
+L Wine Cellar.<br />
+M Beer Cellar.<br />
+N Kitchen.<br />
+O Oratory.<br />
+<br />
+
+<span class="smcap">Strawberry Hill: Ground Plan</span>&mdash;1781.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Returning to the staircase, where, in later
+years, hung Bunbury's original drawing<a name="FNanchor_134_134" id="FNanchor_134_134"></a><a href="#Footnote_134_134" class="fnanchor">[134]</a> for his
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">[212]</a></span>well-known caricature of 'Richmond Hill,' you
+entered the Breakfast Room on the first floor,
+the window of which looked towards the
+Thames. It was pleasantly furnished with blue
+paper, and blue and white linen, and contained
+many miniatures and portraits, notable among
+which were Carmontel's picture of Madame du
+Deffand and the Duchess de Choiseul;<a name="FNanchor_135_135" id="FNanchor_135_135"></a><a href="#Footnote_135_135" class="fnanchor">[135]</a> a print
+of Madame du Deffand's room and cats, given
+by the President Hénault; and a view painted
+by Raguenet for Walpole in 1766 of the Hôtel
+de Carnavalet, the former residence of Madame
+de Sévigné.<a name="FNanchor_136_136" id="FNanchor_136_136"></a><a href="#Footnote_136_136" class="fnanchor">[136]</a></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">[213]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The Breakfast Room opened into the Green
+Closet, over the door of which was a picture
+by Samuel Scott of Pope's house at Twickenham,
+showing the wings added after the poet's
+death by Sir William Stanhope. On the same
+side of the room hung Hogarth's portrait of
+Sarah Malcolm the murderess, painted at Newgate
+a day or two before her execution in
+Fleet Street.<a name="FNanchor_137_137" id="FNanchor_137_137"></a><a href="#Footnote_137_137" class="fnanchor">[137]</a> Here also was 'Mr. Thomas
+Gray; etched from his shade [silhouette]; by
+Mr. W. Mason.' There were many other
+portraits in this room, besides some water
+colours on ivory by Horace himself. In a line
+with the Green Closet, and looking east, was
+the Library; and at the back of it, the Blue
+Bedchamber, the toilette of which was worked
+by Mrs. Clive, who, since her retirement from
+the stage in 1769, had lived wholly at Twickenham.
+The chief pictures in this room were
+Eckardt's portraits of Gray in a Vandyke dress
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_214" id="Page_214">[214]</a></span>and of Walpole himself in similar attire.<a name="FNanchor_138_138" id="FNanchor_138_138"></a><a href="#Footnote_138_138" class="fnanchor">[138]</a> There
+were also by the same artist pictures of Walpole's
+father and mother, and of General Conway and
+his wife, Lady Ailesbury.</p>
+
+<p>Facing the Blue Bedchamber was the
+Armoury, a vestibule of three Gothic arches,
+in the left-hand corner of which was the door
+opening into the Library, a room twenty-eight
+feet by nineteen feet six, lighted by a large
+window looking to the east, and by two smaller
+rose-windows at the sides. The books, arranged
+in Gothic arches of pierced work, went all
+round it. The chimney-piece was imitated from
+the tomb of John of Eltham in Westminster
+Abbey, and the stone work from another tomb
+at Canterbury. Over the chimney-piece was a
+picture (which is engraved in the <cite>Anecdotes of
+Painting</cite>) representing the marriage of Henry
+VI. Walpole and Bentley had designed the
+ceiling,&mdash;a gorgeous heraldic medley surrounding
+a central Walpole shield. Above the bookcases
+were pictures. One of the greatest
+treasures of the room was a clock given by
+Henry VIII. to Anne Boleyn. Of the books
+it is impossible to speak in detail. Noticeable
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_215" id="Page_215">[215]</a><br /><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">[216]</a></span>among them, however, was a Thuanus in
+fourteen volumes, a very extensive set of
+Hogarth's prints, and all the original drawings
+for the <cite>Ædes Walpolianæ</cite>. Vertue, Hollar,
+and Faithorne were also largely represented.
+Among special copies, were the identical <cite>Iliad</cite>
+and <cite>Odyssey</cite> from which Pope made his translations
+of Homer,<a name="FNanchor_139_139" id="FNanchor_139_139"></a><a href="#Footnote_139_139" class="fnanchor">[139]</a> a volume containing Bentley's
+original designs for Gray's <cite>Poems</cite>, and a black
+morocco pocket-book of sketches by Jacques
+Callot. In a rosewood case in this room was
+also a fine collection of coins, which included
+the rare silver medal struck by Gregory XIII.
+on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/illus_226.jpg" alt="Principal Floor Plan of Strawberry Hill" />
+<p class="caption">
+A Round Drawing Room.<br />
+B Cabinet or Tribune.<br />
+C Great North Bedchamber.<br />
+D Gallery.<br />
+E Holbein Chamber.<br />
+F Library.<br />
+G Beauclerk Closet or Cabinet.<br />
+H Armoury.<br />
+I China Closets.<br />
+K Back Stairs.<br />
+L Passage.<br />
+M Star Chamber.<br />
+N Red Bedchamber.<br />
+O Blue Bedchamber.<br />
+P Breakfast Room.<br />
+Q Green Closet.<br />
+<br />
+<span class="smcap">Strawberry Hill: Principal Floor</span>&mdash;1781.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Concerning the Red Bedchamber, the Star
+Chamber, and the Holbein Chamber, which
+intervened between the rest of the first floor
+and the latest additions, there is little to say.
+In the Red Bedchamber, the most memorable
+things (after the chintz bed on which Lord
+Orford died) were some pencil sketches of
+Pope and his parents by Cooper and the elder
+Richardson. In the Holbein Chamber, so
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_217" id="Page_217">[217]</a></span>called from a number of copies on oil-paper by
+Vertue from the drawings of Holbein in Queen
+Catherine's Closet at Kensington, were two of
+those 'curiosities' which represent the Don
+Saltero, or Madame Tussaud, side of Strawberry,
+viz., a tortoise-shell comb studded with
+silver hearts and roses which was said to have
+belonged to Mary, Queen of Scots, and (later)
+the red hat of Cardinal Wolsey. The pedigree
+of the hat, it must, however, be admitted, was
+unimpeachable. It had been found in the
+great wardrobe by Bishop Burnet when Clerk
+of the Closet. From him it passed to his son
+the Judge (author of that curious squib on
+Harley known as the <cite>History of Robert Powel
+the Puppet-Show-Man</cite>), and thence to the
+Countess Dowager of Albemarle, who gave it
+to Walpole. A carpet in this room was worked
+by Mrs. Clive, who seems to have been a most
+industrious decorator of her friend's mansion
+museum.<a name="FNanchor_140_140" id="FNanchor_140_140"></a><a href="#Footnote_140_140" class="fnanchor">[140]</a> The Star Chamber was but an
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_218" id="Page_218">[218]</a></span>ante-room powdered with gold stars in mosaic,
+the chief glory of which was a stone bust of
+Henry VII. by Torregiano.</p>
+
+<p>With these three rooms, the first floor of
+Strawberry, as it existed previous to the erection
+of the additions mentioned in the beginning
+of this chapter,&mdash;namely, the Gallery, the
+Round Tower, the Tribune, and the Great
+North Bedchamber,&mdash;came to an end. But it
+was in these newer parts of the house that
+some of its rarest objects of art were assembled.
+The Gallery, which was entered from a gloomy
+little passage in front of the Holbein Chamber,
+was a really spacious room, fifty-six feet by
+thirteen, and lighted from the south by five high
+windows. Between these were tables laden
+with busts, bronzes, and urns; on the opposite
+side, fronting the windows, were recesses,
+finished with gold network over looking-glass,
+between which stood couch-seats, covered, like
+the rest of the room, with crimson Norwich
+damask. The ceiling was copied from one of
+the side aisles of Henry VII.'s Chapel; the
+great door at the western end, which led into
+the Round Tower, was taken from the north
+door of St. Albans. A long carpet, made at
+Moorfields, traversed the room from end to
+end. In one of the recesses&mdash;that to the left of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_219" id="Page_219">[219]</a></span>
+the chimney-piece, which was designed by
+Mr. Chute and Mr. Thomas Pitt of Boconnoc,&mdash;stood
+one of the finest surviving pieces of
+Greek sculpture, the Boccapadugli eagle, found
+in the precinct of the Baths of Caracalla,&mdash;a
+<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">chef-d'œuvre</i> from which Gray is said to have
+borrowed the 'ruffled plumes, and flagging
+wing' of the <cite>Progress of Poesy</cite>; to the right
+was a noble bust in basalt of Vespasian, which
+had been purchased from the Ottoboni collection.
+Of the pictures it is impossible to speak
+at large; but two of the most notable were
+Sir George Villiers, the father of the Duke of
+Buckingham, and Mabuse's <cite>Marriage of Henry
+VII. and Elizabeth of York</cite>. Of Walpole's
+own relatives, there were portraits by Ramsay
+of his nieces, Mrs. Keppel (the Bishop's wife)
+and Lady Dysart, and of the Duchess of
+Gloucester (then Lady Waldegrave) by Reynolds.
+There were also portraits of Henry
+Fox, Lord Holland, of George Montagu, of
+Lord Waldegrave, and of Horace's uncle, Lord
+Walpole of Wolterton.<a name="FNanchor_141_141" id="FNanchor_141_141"></a><a href="#Footnote_141_141" class="fnanchor">[141]</a></p>
+
+<p>Issuing through the great door of the Gallery,
+and passing on the left a glazed closet con<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_220" id="Page_220">[220]</a></span>taining
+a quantity of china which had once belonged
+to Walpole's mother, a couple of steps
+brought you into the pleasant Drawing Room in
+the Round Tower, the bow window of which,
+already mentioned, looked to the south-west.
+Like the Gallery, this room was hung with
+Norwich damask. Its chief glory was the picture
+of Bianca Capello, of which Walpole had
+written to Mann. To the left of this room, at
+the back of the Gallery, and consequently in the
+front of the house, was the Cabinet, or Tribune,
+a curious square chamber with semicircular recesses,
+in two of which, to the north and west,
+were stained windows. In the roof, which was
+modelled on the chapter house at York, was a
+star of yellow glass throwing a soft golden glow
+over all the room. Here Walpole had amassed
+his choicest treasures, miniatures by Oliver and
+Cooper, enamels by Petitot and Zincke,<a name="FNanchor_142_142" id="FNanchor_142_142"></a><a href="#Footnote_142_142" class="fnanchor">[142]</a> bronzes
+from Italy, ivory bas-reliefs, seal-rings and reli<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_221" id="Page_221">[221]</a></span>quaries,
+caskets and cameos and filigree work.
+Here, with Madame du Deffand's letter inside
+it,<a name="FNanchor_143_143" id="FNanchor_143_143"></a><a href="#Footnote_143_143" class="fnanchor">[143]</a> was the 'round white snuff-box' with
+Madame de Sévigné's portrait; here, carven
+with masks and flies and grasshoppers, was
+Cellini's silver bell from the Leonati Collection,
+at Parma, a masterpiece against which he had
+exchanged all his collection of Roman coins with
+the Marquis of Rockingham. A bronze bust of
+Caligula with silver eyes; a missal with reputed
+miniatures by Raphael; a dagger of Henry VIII.,<a name="FNanchor_144_144" id="FNanchor_144_144"></a><a href="#Footnote_144_144" class="fnanchor">[144]</a>
+and a mourning ring given at the burial of
+Charles I.,&mdash;were among the other show objects
+of the Tribune, the riches of which occupy more
+space in their owner's Catalogue than any other
+part of his collections.</p>
+
+<p>With the Great North Bedchamber, which
+adjoined the Tribune, and filled the remaining
+space at the back of the Gallery, the account of
+Strawberry Hill, as it existed in 1774, comes to
+an end; for the Green Chamber in the Round
+Tower over the Drawing Room, and 'Mr. Walpole's
+Bedchamber, two pair of stairs' (which
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_222" id="Page_222">[222]</a></span>contained the Warrant for beheading King
+Charles I., inscribed 'Major Charta,' so often
+referred to by Walpole's biographers),<a name="FNanchor_145_145" id="FNanchor_145_145"></a><a href="#Footnote_145_145" class="fnanchor">[145]</a> may be
+dismissed without further notice. The Beauclerk
+Closet, a later addition, will be described
+in its proper place. Over the chimney-piece in
+the Great North Bedchamber was a large picture
+of Henry VIII. and his children, a recent purchase,
+afterwards remanded to the staircase to
+make room for a portrait of Catherine of Braganza,
+sent from Portugal previous to her marriage
+with Charles II. Fronting the bed was
+a head of Niobe, by Guido, which in its turn
+subsequently made way for <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">la belle Jennings</i>.<a name="FNanchor_146_146" id="FNanchor_146_146"></a><a href="#Footnote_146_146" class="fnanchor">[146]</a>
+Among the pictures on the north or window side
+of the room was the original sketch by Hogarth
+of the <cite>Beggar's Opera</cite>, which Walpole had purchased
+at the sale of Rich, the fortunate manager
+who produced Gay's masterpiece at Lincoln's
+Inn Fields. It was exhibited at Manchester in
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_223" id="Page_223">[223]</a></span>1857, being then the property of Mr. Willett,
+who had bought it at the Strawberry Hill sale of
+1842. Another curious oil painting in this room
+was the <cite>Rehearsal of an Opera</cite> by the Riccis,
+which included caricature portraits of Nicolini
+(of <cite>Spectator</cite> celebrity), of the famous Mrs.
+Catherine Tofts, and of Margherita de l'Epine.
+In a nook by the window there was a glazed
+china closet, with a number of minor curiosities,
+among which were conspicuous the speculum of
+cannel coal with which Dr. Dee was in the
+habit of gulling his votaries,<a name="FNanchor_147_147" id="FNanchor_147_147"></a><a href="#Footnote_147_147" class="fnanchor">[147]</a> and an agate puncheon
+with Gray's arms which his executors had
+presented to Walpole.</p>
+
+<p>A few external objects claim a word. In the
+Great Cloister under the Gallery was the blue
+and white china tub in which had taken place
+that tragedy of the 'pensive Selima' referred to
+at p. <a href="#Page_135">135</a> as having prompted the muse of Gray.<a name="FNanchor_148_148" id="FNanchor_148_148"></a><a href="#Footnote_148_148" class="fnanchor">[148]</a>
+The Chapel in the Garden has already been
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_224" id="Page_224">[224]</a></span>sufficiently described.<a name="FNanchor_149_149" id="FNanchor_149_149"></a><a href="#Footnote_149_149" class="fnanchor">[149]</a> In the Flower Garden
+across the road was a cottage which Walpole
+had erected upon the site of the building once
+occupied by Francklin the printer, and which he
+used as a place of refuge when the tide of sight-seers
+became overpowering. It included a Tea
+Room, containing a fair collection of china, and
+hung with green paper and engravings, and a little
+white and green Library, of which the principal
+ornament was a half-length portrait of Milton.<a name="FNanchor_150_150" id="FNanchor_150_150"></a><a href="#Footnote_150_150" class="fnanchor">[150]</a>
+A portrait of Lady Hervey, by Allan Ramsay,
+was afterwards added to its decorations.<a name="FNanchor_151_151" id="FNanchor_151_151"></a><a href="#Footnote_151_151" class="fnanchor">[151]</a></p>
+
+<p>Many objects of interest, as must be obvious,
+have remained undescribed in the foregoing
+account, and those who seek for further infor<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225">[225]</a></span>mation
+concerning what its owner called his
+'paper fabric and assemblage of curious trifles'
+must consult either the Catalogue of 1774 itself,
+or that later and definitive version of it which is
+reprinted in Volume II. of the <cite>Works</cite> (pp. 393-516).
+The intention in the main has here been
+to lay stress upon those articles which bear most
+directly upon Walpole's biography. It will also
+be observed that, during the prolonged progress
+of the house towards completion, his experience
+and his views considerably enlarged, and the
+pettiness and artificiality of his first improvements
+disappeared. The house never lost, and
+never could lose, its invertebrate character; but
+the Gallery, the Round Tower, and the North
+Bedchamber were certainly conceived in a more
+serious and even spacious spirit of Gothicism
+than any of the early additions. That it must,
+still, have been confined and needlessly gloomy,
+may be allowed; but as a set-off to some of
+those accounts which insist so pertinaciously
+upon its 'paltriness,' its 'architectural solecisms,'
+and its lack of beauty and sublimity, it is only
+fair to recall a few sentences from the preface
+which its owner prefixed to the <cite>Description</cite> of
+1784. It was designed, he says of the Catalogue,
+to exhibit 'specimens of Gothic architecture, as
+collected from standards in cathedrals and chapel-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_226" id="Page_226">[226]</a></span>tombs,'
+and to show 'how they may be applied
+to chimney-pieces, ceilings, windows, balustrades,
+loggias, etc.' Elsewhere he characterizes
+the building itself as candidly as any of
+its critics. He admits its diminutive scale and
+its unsubstantial character (he calls it himself,
+as we have seen, a 'paper fabric'), and he confesses
+to the incongruities arising from an antique
+design and modern decorations. 'In truth,' he
+concludes, 'I did not mean to make my house so
+Gothic as to exclude convenience, and modern
+refinements in luxury.... It was built to please
+my own taste, and in some degree to realize my
+own visions. I have specified what it contains;
+could I describe the gay but tranquil scene
+where it stands, and add the beauty of the landscape
+to the romantic cast of the mansion, it
+would raise more pleasing sensations than a dry
+list of curiosities can excite,&mdash;at least the prospect
+would recall the good humour of those who
+might be disposed to condemn the fantastic fabric,
+and to think it a very proper habitation of, as it
+was the scene that inspired, the author of the
+<cite>Castle of Otranto</cite>.'<a name="FNanchor_152_152" id="FNanchor_152_152"></a><a href="#Footnote_152_152" class="fnanchor">[152]</a> As one of his censors has
+remarked, this tone disarms criticism; and it
+is needless to accumulate proofs of peculiarities
+which are not denied by the person most
+concerned.</p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_227" id="Page_227">[227]</a></span></p>
+<p>In spite of its charming situation, Strawberry
+Hill was emphatically a summer residence;
+and there is more than one account in
+Walpole's letters of the sudden floods which,
+when Thames flowed with a fuller tide than
+now, occasionally surprised the inhabitants of
+the pleasant-looking villas along its banks. It
+was decidedly damp, and its gouty owner had
+sometimes to quit it precipitately for Arlington
+Street, where, he says, 'after an hour,' he
+revives, 'like a member of parliament's wife.'
+His best editor, Mr. Peter Cunningham, whose
+knowledge as an antiquary was unrivalled,&mdash;for
+was he not the author of the <cite>Handbook
+of London</cite>?&mdash;has amused himself, in an odd
+corner of one of his prefaces, by retracing the
+route taken in these townward flights. The
+extract is so packed with suggestive memories
+that no excuse is needed for reproducing it
+(with a few now necessary notes) as the tail-piece
+of the present chapter.</p>
+
+<p>'At twelve his [Walpole's] light bodied
+chariot was at the door, with his English coachman
+and his Swiss valet [Philip Colomb]....
+In a few minutes he left Lord Radnor's villa
+to the right, rolled over the grotto of Pope,
+saw on his left Whitton, rich with recollections
+of Kneller and Argyll, passed Gumley House,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_228" id="Page_228">[228]</a></span>
+one of the country seats of his father's opponent
+and his own friend, Pulteney, Earl of
+Bath, and Kendal House,<a name="FNanchor_153_153" id="FNanchor_153_153"></a><a href="#Footnote_153_153" class="fnanchor">[153]</a> the retreat of the
+mistress of George I., Ermengard de Schulenburg,
+Duchess of Kendal. At Sion, the princely
+seat of the Percys, the Seymours, and the
+Smithsons, he turned into the Hounslow
+Road, left Sion on his right, and Osterly, not
+unlike Houghton, on his left, and rolled through
+Brentford,&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+"Brentford, the Bishopric of Parson Horne,"<a name="FNanchor_154_154" id="FNanchor_154_154"></a><a href="#Footnote_154_154" class="fnanchor">[154]</a><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>then, as now, infamous for its dirty streets, and
+famous for its white-legged chickens.<a name="FNanchor_155_155" id="FNanchor_155_155"></a><a href="#Footnote_155_155" class="fnanchor">[155]</a> Quitting
+Brentford, he approached the woods that
+concealed the stately mansion of Gunnersbury,
+built by Inigo Jones and Webb, and then inhabited
+by the Princess Amelia, the last surviving
+child of King George II.<a name="FNanchor_156_156" id="FNanchor_156_156"></a><a href="#Footnote_156_156" class="fnanchor">[156]</a> Here he was
+often a visitor, and seldom returned without
+being a winner at silver loo. At the Pack
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229">[229]</a></span>Horse<a name="FNanchor_157_157" id="FNanchor_157_157"></a><a href="#Footnote_157_157" class="fnanchor">[157]</a> on Turnham Green he would, when the
+roads were heavy, draw up for a brief bait.
+Starting anew, he would pass a few red brick
+houses on both sides, then the suburban villas
+of men well to do in the Strand and Charing
+Cross. At Hammersmith, he would leave the
+church<a name="FNanchor_158_158" id="FNanchor_158_158"></a><a href="#Footnote_158_158" class="fnanchor">[158]</a> on his right, call on Mr. Fox at Holland
+House, look at Campden House, with
+recollections of Sir Baptist Hickes,<a name="FNanchor_159_159" id="FNanchor_159_159"></a><a href="#Footnote_159_159" class="fnanchor">[159]</a> and not
+without an ill-suppressed wish to transfer some
+little part of it to his beloved Strawberry. He
+was now at Kensington Church, then, as it still
+is, an ungraceful structure,<a name="FNanchor_160_160" id="FNanchor_160_160"></a><a href="#Footnote_160_160" class="fnanchor">[160]</a> but rife with associations
+which he would at times relate to the
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230">[230]</a></span>friend he had with him. On his left he would
+leave the gates of Kensington Palace, rich with
+reminiscences connected with his father and
+the first Hanoverian kings of this country. On
+his right he would quit the red brick house in
+which the Duchess of Portsmouth lived,<a name="FNanchor_161_161" id="FNanchor_161_161"></a><a href="#Footnote_161_161" class="fnanchor">[161]</a> and
+after a drive of half a mile (skirting a heavy
+brick wall), reach Kingston House,<a name="FNanchor_162_162" id="FNanchor_162_162"></a><a href="#Footnote_162_162" class="fnanchor">[162]</a> replete
+with stories of Elizabeth Chudleigh, the bigamist
+maid of honour, and Duchess-Countess
+of Kingston and Bristol. At Knightsbridge
+(even then the haunt of highwaymen less
+gallant than Maclean) he passed on his left
+the little chapel<a name="FNanchor_163_163" id="FNanchor_163_163"></a><a href="#Footnote_163_163" class="fnanchor">[163]</a> in which his father was
+married. At Hyde Park Corner he saw the
+Hercules Pillars ale-house of Fielding and
+Tom Jones,<a name="FNanchor_164_164" id="FNanchor_164_164"></a><a href="#Footnote_164_164" class="fnanchor">[164]</a> and at one door from Park Lane
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231">[231]</a></span>would occasionally call on old "Q" for the
+sake of Selwyn, who was often there.<a name="FNanchor_165_165" id="FNanchor_165_165"></a><a href="#Footnote_165_165" class="fnanchor">[165]</a> The
+trees which now grace Piccadilly were in the
+Green Park in Walpole's day; they can recollect
+Walpole, and that is something. On his
+left, the sight of Coventry House<a name="FNanchor_166_166" id="FNanchor_166_166"></a><a href="#Footnote_166_166" class="fnanchor">[166]</a> would remind
+him of the Gunnings, and he would tell his
+friend the story of the "beauties;" with which
+(short story-teller as he was) he had not completed
+when the chariot turned into Arlington
+Street on the right, or down Berkeley Street
+into Berkeley Square, on the left.'<a name="FNanchor_167_167" id="FNanchor_167_167"></a><a href="#Footnote_167_167" class="fnanchor">[167]</a> In these
+last lines Mr. Cunningham anticipates our story,
+for in 1774, Walpole had not yet taken up his
+residence in Berkeley Square.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232">[232]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<h2>CHAPTER IX.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+<p>Occupations and Correspondence.&mdash;Literary Work.&mdash;Jephson
+and the Stage.&mdash;<cite>Nature will Prevail.</cite>&mdash;Issues from the
+Strawberry Press.&mdash;Fourth Volume of the <cite>Anecdotes of
+Painting</cite>.&mdash;The Beauclerk Tower and Lady Di.&mdash;George,
+third Earl of Orford.&mdash;Sale of the Houghton Pictures.&mdash;Moves
+to Berkeley Square.&mdash;Last Visit to Madame du
+Deffand.&mdash;Her Death.&mdash;Themes for Letters.&mdash;Death of
+Sir Horace Mann.&mdash;Pinkerton, Madame de Genlis, Miss
+Burney, Hannah More.&mdash;Mary and Agnes Berry.&mdash;Their
+Residence at Twickenham.&mdash;Becomes fourth Earl of Orford.&mdash;<cite>Epitaphium
+vivi Auctoris.</cite>&mdash;The Berrys again.&mdash;Death
+of Marshal Conway.&mdash;Last Letter to Lady Ossory.&mdash;Dies
+at Berkeley Square, 2 March, 1797.&mdash;His Fortune and Will.&mdash;The
+Fate of Strawberry.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>After the completion of Strawberry Hill
+and the printing of the <cite>Catalogue</cite>, Walpole's
+life grows comparatively barren of events.
+There are still four volumes of his <cite>Correspondence</cite>,
+but they take upon them imperceptibly
+the nature of <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">nouvelles à la main</i>, and are less
+fruitful in personal traits. Between his books
+and his prints, his time passes agreeably, 'but
+will not do to relate.' Indeed, from this period
+until his death, in 1797, the most notable occurrences
+in his history are his friendship with the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_233" id="Page_233">[233]</a></span>
+Miss Berry's in 1787-8, and his belated accession
+to he Earldom of Orford. Both at
+Strawberry and Arlington Street, his increasing
+years and his persistent malady condemn
+him more and more to seclusion and retirement.
+He is most at Strawberry, despite its dampness,
+for in the country he holds 'old, useless people
+ought to live.' 'If you were not to be in
+London,' he tells Lady Ossory in April, 1774,
+'the spring advances so charmingly, I think I
+should scarce go thither. One is frightened
+with the inundation of breakfasts and balls that
+are coming on. Every one is engaged to everybody
+for the next three weeks, and if one must
+hunt for a needle, I had rather look for it in a
+bottle of hay in the country than in a crowd.'
+'By age and situation,' he writes from Strawberry
+in September, 'at this time of the year I
+live with nothing but old women. They do very
+well for me, who have little choice left, and who
+rather prefer common nonsense to wise nonsense,&mdash;the
+only difference I know between old
+women and old men. I am out of all politics,
+and never think of elections, which I think I
+should hate even if I loved politics,&mdash;just as, if
+I loved tapestry I do not think I could talk over
+the manufacture of worsteds. Books I have
+almost done with too,&mdash;at least, read only such<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_234" id="Page_234">[234]</a></span>
+as nobody else would read. In short, my way
+of life is too insipid to entertain anybody but
+myself; and though I am always employed, I
+must own I think I have given up every thing
+in the world, only to be busy about the most
+arrant trifles.' His London life was not greatly
+different. 'How should I see or know anything?'
+he says a year later, apologizing for his
+dearth of news. 'I seldom stir out of my
+house [at Arlington Street] before seven in the
+evening, see very few persons, and go to fewer
+places, make no new acquaintance, and have
+seen most of my old wear out. Loo at Princess
+Amelie's, loo at Lady Hertford's, are the
+capital events of my history, and a Sunday alone,
+at Strawberry, my chief entertainment. All this
+is far from gay; but as it neither gives me <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">ennui</i>,
+nor lowers my spirits, it is not uncomfortable,
+and I prefer it to being <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">déplacé</i> in younger company.'
+Such is his account of his life in 1774-5,
+when he is nearing sixty, and it probably represents
+it with sufficient accuracy. But a trifling
+incident easily stirs him into unwonted vivacity.
+While he is protesting that he has nothing to
+say, his letters grow under his pen, and, almost
+as a necessary consequence of his leisure, they
+become more frequent and more copious. In
+the edition of Cunningham, up to September,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_235" id="Page_235">[235]</a></span>
+1774, they number fourteen hundred and fifty.
+Speaking roughly, this represents a period of
+nearly forty years. During the two-and-twenty
+years that remained to him, he managed to
+swell them by what was, proportionately, a
+far greater number. The last letter given by
+Cunningham is marked 2665; and this enumeration
+does not include a good many letters and
+fragments of letters belonging to this later
+period, which were published in 1865 in Miss
+Berry's <cite>Journals and Correspondence</cite>. Nevertheless,
+as stated above, they more and more
+assume what he somewhere calls 'their proper
+character of newspapers.'</p>
+
+<p>During the remainder of his life, they were
+his chief occupation, and his gout was seldom
+so severe but that he could make shift to scribble
+a line to his favourite correspondents, calling
+in his printer Kirgate as secretary in cases
+of extremity.<a name="FNanchor_168_168" id="FNanchor_168_168"></a><a href="#Footnote_168_168" class="fnanchor">[168]</a> Of literature generally he pro<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_236" id="Page_236">[236]</a></span>fessed
+to have taken final leave. 'I no longer
+care about fame,' he tells Mason in 1774; 'I
+have done being an author.' Nevertheless, the
+<cite>Short Notes</cite> piously chronicle the production
+of more than one trifle, which are reprinted in
+his <cite>Works</cite>. When, in the above year, Lord
+Chesterfield's letters to his son were published,
+Walpole began a parody of that famous performance
+in a <cite>Series of Letters from a Mother
+to a Daughter</cite>, with the general title of the <cite>New
+Whole Duty of Woman</cite>. He grew tired of the
+idea too soon to enable us to judge what his
+success might have been with a subject which,
+in his hands, should have been diverting as a
+satire; for, although he was a warm admirer of
+Chesterfield's parts, as he had shown in his character
+of him in the <cite>Royal and Noble Authors</cite>, he
+was thoroughly alive to the assailable side of
+what he styles his 'impertinent institutes of
+education.'<a name="FNanchor_169_169" id="FNanchor_169_169"></a><a href="#Footnote_169_169" class="fnanchor">[169]</a> Another work of this year was a
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_237" id="Page_237">[237]</a></span>reply to some remarks by Mr. Masters in the
+<cite>Archæologia</cite> upon the old subject of the <cite>Historic
+Doubts</cite>, which calls for no further notice.
+But early in 1775 he was persuaded into writing
+an epilogue for the <cite>Braganza</cite> of Captain Robert
+Jephson, a maiden tragedy of the <cite>Venice Preserved</cite>
+order, which was produced at Drury Lane
+in February of that year, with considerable success.
+In a correspondence which ensued with
+the author, Walpole delivered himself of his
+views on tragedy for the benefit of Mr. Jephson,
+who acted upon them, but not (as his Mentor
+thought) with conspicuous success, in his next
+attempt, the <cite>Law of Lombardy</cite>. Jephson's third
+play, however, the <cite>Count of Narbonne</cite>, which
+was well received in 1781, had a natural claim
+upon Walpole's good opinion, since it was based
+upon the <cite>Castle of Otranto</cite>.<a name="FNanchor_170_170" id="FNanchor_170_170"></a><a href="#Footnote_170_170" class="fnanchor">[170]</a> Besides the above
+letters on tragedy, Walpole wrote, 'in 1775
+and 1776,' a rather longer paper on comedy,
+which is printed with them in the second volume
+of his works (pp. 315-22). He held, as he
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_238" id="Page_238">[238]</a></span>says, 'a good comedy the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">chef-d'œuvre</i> of
+human genius;' and it is manifest that his keenest
+sympathies were on the side of comic art.
+His remarks upon Congreve are full of just
+appreciation. Yet, although he mentions the
+<cite>School for Scandal</cite> (which, by the way, shows
+that he must have written rather later than the
+dates given above), he makes no reference to
+the most recent development, in <cite>She Stoops to
+Conquer</cite>, of the school of humour and character,
+and he seems rather to pose as the advocate
+of that genteel or sentimental comedy which
+Foote and Goldsmith and Sheridan had striven
+to drive from the English stage. When his prejudices
+are aroused, he is seldom a safe guide,
+and in addition to his personal contempt for
+Goldsmith,<a name="FNanchor_171_171" id="FNanchor_171_171"></a><a href="#Footnote_171_171" class="fnanchor">[171]</a> that writer had irritated him by his
+reference to the Albemarle Street Club, to
+which many of his friends belonged. It was
+an additional offence that the 'Miss Biddy
+[originally Miss Rachael] Buckskin' of the
+comedy was said to stand for Miss Rachael
+Lloyd, long housekeeper at Kensington Palace,
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_239" id="Page_239">[239]</a></span>and a member of the club well known both to
+himself and to Madame du Deffand.<a name="FNanchor_172_172" id="FNanchor_172_172"></a><a href="#Footnote_172_172" class="fnanchor">[172]</a></p>
+
+<p>In the second of the letters to Mr. Jephson,
+Walpole refers to his own efforts at comedy,
+and implies that he had made attempts in this
+direction even before the tragedy of <cite>The Mysterious
+Mother</cite>. He had certainly the wit, and
+much of the gift of direct expression, which
+comedy requires. But nothing of these earlier
+essays appears to have survived, and the only
+dramatic effort included among his <cite>Works</cite> (his
+tragedy excepted) is the little piece entitled
+<cite>Nature will Prevail</cite>, which, with its fairy
+machinery, has something of the character of
+such earlier productions of Mr. W. S. Gilbert
+as the <cite>Palace of Truth</cite>. This he wrote in
+1773, and, according to the <cite>Short Notes</cite>, sent
+it anonymously to the elder Colman, then
+manager of Covent Garden. Colman (he says)
+was much pleased with it, but regarding it
+as too short for a farce, wished to have it
+enlarged. This, however, its author thought
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_240" id="Page_240">[240]</a></span>too much trouble 'for so slight and extempore
+a performance.' Five years after, it was produced
+at the little theatre in the Haymarket, and,
+being admirably acted,&mdash;says the <cite>Biographia
+Dramatica</cite>,&mdash;met with considerable applause.
+But it is obviously one of those works to which
+the verdict of Goldsmith's critic, that it would
+have been better if the author had taken more
+pains, may judiciously be applied. It is more
+like a sketch for a farce than a farce itself; and
+it is not finished enough for a <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">proverbe</i>. Yet
+the dialogue is in parts so good that one almost
+regrets the inability of the author to nerve himself
+for an enterprise <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">de longue haleine</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Between 1774 and 1780 the Strawberry Hill
+Press still now and then showed signs of vitality.
+In 1775, it printed as a loose sheet some verses
+by Charles James Fox,&mdash;celebrating, as Amoret,
+that lover of the Whigs, the beautiful Mrs.
+Crewe,&mdash;and three hundred copies of an
+Eclogue by Mr. Fitzpatrick,<a name="FNanchor_173_173" id="FNanchor_173_173"></a><a href="#Footnote_173_173" class="fnanchor">[173]</a> entitled <cite>Dorinda</cite>,
+which contains the couplet,&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poetry"><div class="stanza">
+    <div class="verse">'And oh! what Bliss, when each alike is pleas'd,</div>
+    <div class="verse">the Hand that squeezes, and the Hand that's squeez'd.'</div>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>These were followed, in 1778, by the <cite>Sleep
+Walker</cite>, a comedy from the French of Madame
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_241" id="Page_241">[241]</a></span>du Deffand's friend Pont de Veyle, translated
+by Lady Craven, afterwards Margravine of
+Anspach, and played for a charitable purpose
+at Newbury. A year later came the vindication
+of his conduct to Chatterton, already mentioned
+at pp. <a href="#Page_196">196-200</a>; and after this a sheet of verse
+by Mr. Charles Miller to Lady Horatia Waldegrave,<a name="FNanchor_174_174" id="FNanchor_174_174"></a><a href="#Footnote_174_174" class="fnanchor">[174]</a>
+a daughter of the Duchess of Gloucester
+by her first husband. The last work of any
+importance was the fourth volume of the <cite>Anecdotes
+of Painting</cite>, which had been printed as far
+back as 1770, but was not issued until Oct.,
+1780. This delay, the Advertisement informs
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_242" id="Page_242">[242]</a></span>us, arose 'from motives of tenderness.' The
+author was 'unwilling [he says] to utter even
+gentle censures, which might wound the affections,
+or offend the prejudices, of those related
+to the persons whom truth forbad him to commend
+beyond their merits.'<a name="FNanchor_175_175" id="FNanchor_175_175"></a><a href="#Footnote_175_175" class="fnanchor">[175]</a> But despite his
+unwillingness to 'dispense universal panegyric,'
+and the limitation of his theme to living professors,
+he manages, in the same Advertisement,
+to distribute a fair amount of praise to some of
+his particular favourites. Of H. W. Bunbury,
+the husband of Goldsmith's 'Little Comedy,' he
+says that he is the 'second Hogarth,' and the
+'first imitator who ever fully equalled his original,'&mdash;which
+is sheer extravagance. He lauds
+the miniature copying of Lady Lucan, as almost
+depreciating the 'exquisite works' of the artists
+she follows,&mdash;to wit, Cooper and the Olivers;
+and he speaks of Lady Di. Beauclerk's drawings
+as 'not only inspired by Shakespeare's
+insight into nature, but by the graces and taste
+of Grecian artists.' After this, the comparison
+of Mrs. Damer with Bernini seems almost tame.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_243" id="Page_243">[243]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Yet her works 'from the life are not inferior to
+the antique, and those ... were not more
+like.' One can scarcely blame Walpole severely
+for this hearty backing of the friends who had
+added so much to the attractions of his Gothic
+castle; but the value of his criticisms, in many
+other instances sound enough, is certainly
+impaired by his loyalty to the old-new practice
+of 'log-rolling.'</p>
+
+<p>Lady Di. Beauclerk, whose illustrations to
+Dryden's <cite>Fables</cite> are still a frequent item in
+second-hand catalogues, has a personal connection
+with Strawberry through the curious
+little closet bearing her name, which, with the
+assistance of Mr. Essex, a Gothic architect
+from Cambridge, Walpole in 1776-8 managed
+to tuck in between the Cabinet and the Round
+Tower. It was built on purpose to hold the
+'seven incomparable drawings,' executed in
+a fortnight, which her Ladyship prepared, to
+illustrate <cite>The Mysterious Mother</cite>. These were
+the designs to which he refers in the <cite>Anecdotes
+of Painting</cite>, and, in a letter to Mann, says
+could not be surpassed by Guido and Salvator
+Rosa. They were hung on Indian blue
+damask, in frames of black and gold; and
+Clive's friend, Miss Pope, the actress, when
+she dined at Strawberry, was affected by them<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_244" id="Page_244">[244]</a></span>
+to such a degree that she shed tears, although
+she did not know the story,&mdash;an anecdote
+which may be regarded either as a genuine
+compliment to Lady Di., or a merely histrionic
+tribute to her entertainer. 'The drawings,'
+Walpole says, 'do not shock and disgust, like
+their original, the tragedy;' but they were not
+to be shown to the profane. They were, nevertheless,
+probably exhibited pretty freely, as a
+copy of the play, carefully annotated in MS.
+by the author, and bound in blue leather to
+match the hangings, was always kept in a
+drawer of one of the tables, for the purpose of
+explaining them.<a name="FNanchor_176_176" id="FNanchor_176_176"></a><a href="#Footnote_176_176" class="fnanchor">[176]</a> Walpole afterwards added
+one or two curiosities to this closet. It contained,
+according to the last edition of the
+<cite>Catalogue</cite>, a head in basalt of Jupiter Serapis,
+and a book of Psalms illuminated by Giulio
+Clovio, the latter purchased for £168 at the
+Duchess of Portland's sale in May, 1786. There
+was also a portrait by Powell, after Reynolds,
+of Lady Di. herself, who lived for some time
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_245" id="Page_245">[245]</a></span>at Twickenham in a house now known as
+Little Marble Hill, many of the rooms of
+which she decorated with her own performances.
+These were apparently the efforts
+which prompted the already mentioned postscript
+to the <cite>Parish Register of Twickenham</cite>:</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poetry"><div class="stanza">
+    <div class="verse">"Here Genius in a later hour</div>
+    <div class="verse">Selected its sequester'd bow'r,</div>
+    <div class="verse">And threw around the verdant room</div>
+    <div class="verse">The blushing lilac's chill perfume.</div>
+    <div class="verse">So loose is flung each bold festoon,</div>
+    <div class="verse">Each bough so breathes the touch of noon,</div>
+    <div class="verse">The happy pencil so deceives,</div>
+    <div class="verse">That Flora, doubly jealous, cries,</div>
+    <div class="verse">'The work's not mine,&mdash;yet, trust these eyes,</div>
+    <div class="verse">'T is my own Zephyr waves the leaves.'"<a name="FNanchor_177_177" id="FNanchor_177_177"></a><a href="#Footnote_177_177" class="fnanchor">[177]</a></div>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>Mention has been made of the intermittent
+attacks of insanity to which Walpole's nephew,
+the third Earl of Orford, was subject. At the
+beginning of 1774, he had returned to his senses,
+and his uncle, on whom fell the chief care
+of his affairs during his illnesses, was, for a
+brief period, freed from the irksome strain of an
+uncongenial and a thankless duty. In April,
+1777, however, Lord Orford's malady broke
+out again, with redoubled severity. In August,
+he was still fluctuating 'between violence and
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_246" id="Page_246">[246]</a></span>stupidity;' but in March, 1778, a lucid interval
+had once more been reached, and Walpole
+was relieved of the care of his person. Of his
+affairs he had declined to take care, as his
+Lordship had employed a lawyer of whom
+Walpole had a bad opinion. 'He has resumed
+the entire dominion of himself,' says a letter
+to Mann in April, 'and is gone into the
+country, and intends to command the militia.'
+One of the earliest results of this 'entire dominion'
+was a step which filled his relative with
+the keenest distress. He offered the famous
+Houghton collection of pictures to Catherine
+of Russia,&mdash;'the most signal mortification to
+my idolatry for my father's memory that it
+could receive,' says Walpole to Lady Ossory.
+By August, 1779, the sale was completed.
+'The sum stipulated,' he tells Mann, 'is forty
+or forty-five thousand pounds,<a name="FNanchor_178_178" id="FNanchor_178_178"></a><a href="#Footnote_178_178" class="fnanchor">[178]</a> I neither know
+nor care which; nor whether the picture
+merchant ever receives the whole sum, which
+probably he will not do, as I hear it is to be
+discharged at three payments,&mdash;a miserable
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_247" id="Page_247">[247]</a></span>bargain for a mighty empress!... Well!
+adieu to Houghton! about its mad master I
+shall never trouble myself more.... Since
+he has stript Houghton of its glory, I do not
+care a straw what he does with the stone or
+the acres!'<a name="FNanchor_179_179" id="FNanchor_179_179"></a><a href="#Footnote_179_179" class="fnanchor">[179]</a></p>
+
+<p>Not very long after the date of the above
+letter Walpole made what was, for him, an
+important change of residence. The lease of
+his house in Arlington Street running out, he
+fixed upon a larger one in the then very
+fashionable district of Berkeley Square. The
+house he selected, now (1892) numbered 11,
+was then 40,<a name="FNanchor_180_180" id="FNanchor_180_180"></a><a href="#Footnote_180_180" class="fnanchor">[180]</a> and he had commenced negotiations
+for its purchase as early as November,
+1777, when, he tells Lady Ossory, he had
+come to town to take possession. But difficulties
+arose over the sale, and he found himself
+involved in a Chancery suit. He was too
+adroit, however, to allow this to degenerate
+into an additional annoyance, and managed
+(by his own account) to turn what promised
+to be a tedious course of litigation into a combat
+of courtesy. Ultimately, in July, 1779, he
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_248" id="Page_248">[248]</a></span>had won his cause, and was hurrying from
+Strawberry to pay his purchase money and
+close the bargain. Two months later, he is
+moving in, and is delighted with his acquisition.
+He would not change his two pretty
+mansions for any in England, he says. On
+the 14th October, he took formal possession,
+upon which day&mdash;his 'inauguration day'&mdash;he
+dates his first letter 'Berkeley Square.' 'It
+is seeming to take a new lease of life,' he tells
+Mason. 'I was born in Arlington Street,
+lived there about fourteen years, returned
+thither, and passed thirty-seven more; but I
+have sober monitors that warn me not to delude
+myself.' He had still a decade and a half
+before him.</p>
+
+<p>Little more than twelve months after he had
+settled down in his new abode, he lost the
+faithful friend at Paris, to whom, for the space
+of fifteen years, he had written nearly once a
+week. By 1774, he had become somewhat
+nervous about this accumulated correspondence
+in a language not his own. For an Englishman,
+his French was good, and, as might be expected
+of anything he wrote, characteristic and vivacious.
+But, almost of necessity, it contained
+many minor faults of phraseology and arrangement,
+besides abounding in personal anecdote;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_249" id="Page_249">[249]</a></span>
+and he became apprehensive lest, after Madame
+du Deffand's death, his utterances should fall
+into alien hands. General Conway, who visited
+Paris in October, 1774, had therefore been
+charged to beg for their return&mdash;a request
+which seems at first to have been met by the
+reply on the lady's part that sufficient precautions
+had already been taken for ensuring their
+restoration. Ultimately, however, they were
+handed to Conway.<a name="FNanchor_181_181" id="FNanchor_181_181"></a><a href="#Footnote_181_181" class="fnanchor">[181]</a> It was in all probability
+under a sense of this concession that Walpole
+once more risked a tedious journey to visit his
+blind friend. In the following year he went to
+Paris, to find her, as usual, impatiently expecting
+his arrival. She sat with him until half-past
+two, and before his eyes were open again, he
+had a letter from her. 'Her soul is immortal,
+and forces her body to keep it company.' A
+little later he complains that he never gets to bed
+from her suppers before two or three o'clock.
+'In short,' he says, 'I need have the activity
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_250" id="Page_250">[250]</a></span>of a squirrel, and the strength of a Hercules,
+to go through my labours,&mdash;not to count how
+many <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">démêlés</i> I have had to <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">raccommode</i> and
+how many <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">mémoires</i> to present against Tonton,<a name="FNanchor_182_182" id="FNanchor_182_182"></a><a href="#Footnote_182_182" class="fnanchor">[182]</a>
+who grows the greater favourite the more people
+he devours.' But Tonton's mistress is more
+worth visiting than ever, he tells Selwyn,
+and she is apparently as tireless as of yore.
+'Madame du Deffand and I [says another letter]
+set out last Sunday at seven in the evening,
+to go fifteen miles to a ball, and came back after
+supper; and another night, because it was but
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_251" id="Page_251">[251]</a></span>one in the morning when she brought me home,
+she ordered the coachman to make the tour of
+the Quais, and drive gently because it was so
+early.' At last, early in October, he tears himself
+away, to be followed almost immediately
+by a letter of farewell. Here it is:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>'Adieu, ce mot est bien triste; souvenez-vous
+que vous laissez ici la personne dont vous êtes
+le plus aimé, et dont le bonheur et le malheur
+consistent dans ce que vous pensez pour elle.
+Donnez-moi de vos nouvelles le plus tôt qu'il
+sera possible.</p>
+
+<p>'Je me porte bien, j'ai un peu dormi, ma nuit
+n'est pas finie; je serai très-exacte au régime,
+et j'aurai soin de moi puisque vous vous y
+intéressez.'</p>
+
+<p>The correspondence thus resumed was continued
+for five years more. Walpole does not
+seem to have visited Paris again, and the references
+to Madame du Deffand in his general
+correspondence are not very frequent. Towards
+the middle of 1780, her life was plainly closing
+in. In July and August, she complained of
+being more than usually languid, and in a letter
+of the 22nd of the latter month intimates that
+it may be her last, as dictation grows painful to
+her. 'Ne vous devant revoir de ma vie,'&mdash;she
+says pathetically,&mdash;'je n'ai rien à regretter.'<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_252" id="Page_252">[252]</a></span>
+From this time she kept her bed, and in September
+Walpole tells Lady Ossory that he is
+trembling at every letter he gets from Paris.
+'My dear old friend, I fear, is going!...
+To have struggled twenty days at eighty-four
+shows such stamina that I have not totally lost
+hopes.' On the 24th, however, after a lethargy
+of several days, she died quietly, 'without effort
+or struggle.' 'Elle a eu la mort la plus douce,'&mdash;says
+her faithful and attached secretary,
+Wiart,&mdash;'quoique la maladie ait été longue.'
+She was buried, at her own wish, in the parish
+church of St. Sulpice. By her will she made
+her nephew, the Marquis d'Aulan, her heir.
+Long since, she had wished Walpole to accept
+this character. Thereupon he had threatened
+that he would never set foot in Paris again if
+she carried out her intention; and it was abandoned.
+But she left him the whole of her
+manuscripts<a name="FNanchor_183_183" id="FNanchor_183_183"></a><a href="#Footnote_183_183" class="fnanchor">[183]</a> and books.</p>
+
+<p>As his own letters to her have not been
+printed, her death makes no difference in the
+amount of his correspondence. The war with
+the American Colonies, of which he foresaw
+the disastrous results, and the course of
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_253" id="Page_253">[253]</a></span>which he follows to Mann with the greatest
+keenness, fully absorbs as much of his time
+as he can spare from the vagaries of the
+Duchess of Kingston and the doings of the
+Duchess of Gloucester. Not many months
+before Madame du Deffand died had occurred
+the famous Gordon Riots, which, as he was
+in London most of the time, naturally occupy
+his pen. It was General Conway who, as the
+author of <cite>Barnaby Rudge</cite> has not forgotten,
+so effectively remonstrated with Lord George
+upon the occasion of the visit of the mob to
+the House of Commons; and four days later
+Walpole chronicles from Berkeley Square the
+events of the terrible 'Black Wednesday.'
+From the roof of Gloucester House he sees
+the blazing prisons,&mdash;a sight he shall not soon
+forget. Other subjects for which one dips in
+the lucky bag of his records are the defence
+of Gibraltar, the trial of Warren Hastings, the
+loss of the <cite>Royal George</cite>. But it is generally
+in the minor chronicle that he is most diverting.
+The last <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">bon mot</i> of George Selwyn or
+Lady Townshend, the newest 'royal pregnancy,'
+the details of court ceremonial, the
+most recent addition to Strawberry, the endless
+stream of anecdote and tittle-tattle which
+runs dimpling all the way,&mdash;these are the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_254" id="Page_254">[254]</a></span>
+themes he loves best; this is the element in
+which his easy persiflage delights to disport
+itself. He is, above all, a <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">rieur</i>. About his
+serious passages there is generally a false
+ring, but never when he pours out the gossip
+that he loves, and of which he has so inexhaustible
+a supply. 'I can sit and amuse
+myself with my own memory,' he says to
+Mann in February, 1785, 'and yet find new
+stores at every audience that I give to it. Then,
+for private episodes [he has been speaking of
+his knowledge of public events], varieties of
+characters, political intrigues, literary anecdotes,
+etc., the profusion that I remember is endless;
+in short, when I reflect on all I have seen,
+heard, read, written, the many idle hours I have
+passed, the nights I have wasted playing at
+faro, the weeks, nay months, I have spent
+in pain, you will not wonder that I almost
+think I have, like Pythagoras, been Panthoides
+Euphorbus, and have retained one memory in
+at least two bodies.'</p>
+
+<p>He was sixty-eight when he wrote the above
+letter. Mann was eighty-four, and the long
+correspondence&mdash;a correspondence 'not to be
+paralleled in the annals of the Post Office'&mdash;was
+drawing to a close. 'What Orestes and
+Pylades ever wrote to each other for four-and-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_255" id="Page_255">[255]</a></span>forty
+years without meeting?' Walpole asks.
+In June, 1786, however, the last letter of the
+eight hundred and nine specimens printed by
+Cunningham was despatched to Florence.<a name="FNanchor_184_184" id="FNanchor_184_184"></a><a href="#Footnote_184_184" class="fnanchor">[184]</a> In
+the following November, Mann died, after a
+prolonged illness. He had never visited England,
+nor had Walpole set eyes upon him since
+he had left him at Florence in May, 1741.
+His death followed hard upon that of another
+faithful friend (whose gifts, perhaps, hardly
+lay in the epistolary line),&mdash;bustling, kindly
+Kitty Clive. Her cheerful, ruddy face, 'all
+sun and vermilion,' set peacefully in December,
+1785, leaving Cliveden vacant, not, as we
+shall see, for long.<a name="FNanchor_185_185" id="FNanchor_185_185"></a><a href="#Footnote_185_185" class="fnanchor">[185]</a> Earlier still had departed
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_256" id="Page_256">[256]</a></span>another old ally, Cole, the antiquary, and the
+lapse of time had in other ways contracted
+Walpole's circle. In 1781, Lady Orford had
+ended her erratic career at Pisa, leaving her
+son a fortune so considerable as to make his
+uncle regret vaguely that the sale of the
+Houghton pictures had not been delayed for
+a few months longer. Three years later, she
+was followed by her brother-in-law, Sir Edward
+Walpole,&mdash;an occurrence which had the effect
+of leaving between Horace Walpole and his
+father's title nothing but his lunatic and childless
+nephew.</p>
+
+<p>If his relatives and friends were falling
+away, however, their places&mdash;the places of the
+friends, at least&mdash;were speedily filled again;
+and, as a general rule, most of his male favourites
+were replaced by women. Pinkerton,
+the antiquary, who afterwards published the
+<cite>Walpoliana</cite>, is one of the exceptions; and
+several of Walpole's letters to him are contained
+in that book, and in the volumes of
+Pinkerton's own correspondence published by
+Dawson Turner in 1830. But Walpole's appetite
+for correspondence of the purely literary
+kind had somewhat slackened in his old age,
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_257" id="Page_257">[257]</a></span>and it was to the other sex that he turned for
+sympathy and solace. He liked them best;
+his style suited them; and he wrote to them
+with most ease. In July, 1785, he was visited
+at Strawberry by Madame de Genlis, who
+arrived with her friend Miss Wilkes and the
+famous Pamela,<a name="FNanchor_186_186" id="FNanchor_186_186"></a><a href="#Footnote_186_186" class="fnanchor">[186]</a> afterwards Lady Edward Fitzgerald.
+Madame de Genlis at this date was
+nearing forty, and had lost much of her good
+looks. But Walpole seems to have found her
+less <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">précieuse</i> and affected than he had anticipated,
+and she was, on this occasion, unaccompanied
+by the inevitable harp. A later
+visit was from Dr. Burney and his daughter
+Fanny,&mdash;'Evelina-Cecilia' Walpole calls her,&mdash;a
+young lady for whose good sense and
+modesty he expresses a genuine admiration.
+Miss Burney had not as yet entered upon that
+court bondage which was to be so little to
+her advantage. Another and more intimate
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_258" id="Page_258">[258]</a></span>acquaintanceship of this period was with Miss
+Burney's friend, Hannah More. Hannah
+More ultimately became one of Walpole's
+correspondents, although scarcely 'so corresponding'
+as he wished; and they met frequently
+in society when she visited London.
+On her side, she seems to have been wholly
+fascinated by his wit and conversational
+powers; he, on his, was attracted by her
+mingled puritanism and vivacity. He writes to
+her as 'St. Hannah;' and she, in return, sighs
+plaintively over his lack of religion. Yet (she
+adds) she 'must do him the justice to say,
+that except the delight he has in teasing me
+for what he calls over-strictness, I have never
+heard a sentence from him which savoured of
+infidelity.'<a name="FNanchor_187_187" id="FNanchor_187_187"></a><a href="#Footnote_187_187" class="fnanchor">[187]</a> He evidently took a great interest
+in her works, and indeed in 1789 printed at
+his press one of her poems, <cite>Bonner's Ghost</cite>.<a name="FNanchor_188_188" id="FNanchor_188_188"></a><a href="#Footnote_188_188" class="fnanchor">[188]</a>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_259" id="Page_259">[259]</a></span>His friendship for her endured for the remainder
+of his life; and not long before his death he
+presented her with a richly bound copy of
+Bishop Wilson's <cite>Bible</cite>, with a complimentary
+inscription which may be read in the second
+volume of her Life and Correspondence.</p>
+
+<p>It was, however, neither the author of <cite>Evelina</cite>
+nor the author of <cite>The Manners of the
+Great</cite> who was destined to fill the void created
+by the death of Madame du Deffand. In the
+winter of 1787-8, he had first seen, and a year
+later he made the formal acquaintance of, 'two
+young ladies of the name of Berry.' They had
+a story. Their father, at this time a widower,
+had married for love, and had afterwards been
+supplanted in the good graces of a rich uncle
+by a younger brother who had the generosity
+to allow him an annuity of a thousand a year.
+In 1783, Mr. Berry had taken his daughters
+abroad to Holland, Switzerland, and Italy,
+whence, in June, 1785, they had returned, being
+then highly cultivated and attractive young
+women of two-and-twenty and one-and-twenty
+respectively. Three years later, Walpole met
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_260" id="Page_260">[260]</a></span>them for the second time at the house of a Lady
+Herries, the wife of a banker in St. James's
+Street. The first time he saw them he 'would
+not be acquainted with them, having heard so
+much in their praise that he concluded they
+would be all pretension.' But on the second
+occasion, 'in a very small company,' he sat next
+the elder, Mary, 'and found her an angel both
+inside and out.' 'Her face'&mdash;he tells Lady
+Ossory&mdash;'is formed for a sentimental novel,
+but it is ten times fitter for a fifty times better
+thing, genteel comedy.' The other sister was
+speedily discovered to be nearly as charming.
+'They are exceedingly sensible, entirely natural
+and unaffected, frank, and, being qualified to
+talk on any subject, nothing is so easy and agreeable
+as their conversation, nor more apposite
+than their answers and observations. The eldest,
+I discovered by chance, understands Latin, and
+is a perfect Frenchwoman in her language. The
+younger draws charmingly, and has copied
+admirably Lady Di.'s gipsies,<a name="FNanchor_189_189" id="FNanchor_189_189"></a><a href="#Footnote_189_189" class="fnanchor">[189]</a> which I lent,
+though for the first time of her attempting
+colours. They are of pleasing figures: Mary,
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_261" id="Page_261">[261]</a></span>the eldest, sweet, with fine dark eyes that are
+very lively when she speaks, with a symmetry
+of face that is the more interesting from being
+pale; Agnes, the younger, has an agreeable, sensible
+countenance, hardly to be called handsome,
+but almost. She is less animated than Mary,
+but seems, out of deference to her sister, to
+speak seldomer; for they dote on each other,
+and Mary is always praising her sister's talents.
+I must even tell you they dress within the bounds
+of fashion, though fashionably; but without the
+excrescences and balconies with which modern
+hoydens overwhelm and barricade their persons.
+In short, good sense, information, simplicity,
+and ease characterize the Berrys; and this is
+not particularly mine, who am apt to be prejudiced,
+but the universal voice of all who know
+them.'<a name="FNanchor_190_190" id="FNanchor_190_190"></a><a href="#Footnote_190_190" class="fnanchor">[190]</a></p>
+
+<p>'This delightful family,' he goes on to say,
+'comes to me almost every Sunday evening.
+[They were at the time living on Twickenham
+Common.] Of the father not much is recorded
+beyond the fact that he was 'a little merry man
+with a round face,' and (as his eldest daughter
+reports) 'an odd inherent easiness in his disposition,'
+who seems to have been perfectly
+contented in his modest and unobtrusive char<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_262" id="Page_262">[262]</a></span>acter
+of paternal appendage to the favourites.
+Walpole's attachment to his new friends grew
+rapidly. Only a few days after the date of the
+foregoing letter, Mr. Kirgate's press was versifying
+in their honour, and they themselves were
+already 'his two Straw Berries,' whose praises
+he sang to all his friends. He delighted in devising
+new titles for them,&mdash;they were his 'twin
+wives,' his 'dear Both,' his 'Amours.' For
+them in this year he began writing the charming
+little volume of <cite>Reminiscences of the Courts of
+George the 1st and 2nd</cite>, and in December, 1789,
+he dedicated to them his <cite>Catalogue of Strawberry
+Hill</cite>. It was not long before he had
+secured them a home at Teddington and finally,
+when, in 1791, Cliveden became vacant, he prevailed
+upon them to become his neighbours.
+He afterwards bequeathed the house to them,
+and for many years after his death, it was their
+summer residence. On either side the acquaintance
+was advantageous. His friendship at once
+introduced them to the best and most accomplished
+fashionable society of their day, while
+the charm of their 'company, conversation and
+talents' must have inexpressibly sweetened and
+softened what, on his part, had begun to grow
+more and more a solitary, joyless, and painful
+old age.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_263" id="Page_263">[263]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>His establishment of his 'wives' in his immediate
+vicinity was not, however, accomplished
+without difficulty. For a moment some ill-natured
+newspaper gossip, which attributed the
+attachment of the Berry family to interested
+motives, so justly aroused the indignation of the
+elder sister that the whole arrangement threatened
+to collapse. But the slight estrangement
+thus caused soon passed away; and at the close
+of 1791, they took up their abode in Mrs.
+Clive's old house, now doubly honoured. On
+the 5th of the December in the same year, after
+a fresh fit of frenzy, Walpole's nephew died, and
+he became fourth Earl of Orford. The new
+dignity was by no means a welcome one, and
+scarcely compensated for the cares which it
+entailed. 'A small estate, loaded with debt,
+and of which I do not understand the management,
+and am too old to learn; a source of law
+suits amongst my near relations, though not
+affecting me; endless conversations with lawyers,
+and packets of letters to read every day
+and answer,&mdash;all this weight of new business
+is too much for the rag of life that yet hangs
+about me, and was preceded by three weeks of
+anxiety about my unfortunate nephew, and a
+daily correspondence with physicians and mad-doctors,
+falling upon me when I had been out<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_264" id="Page_264">[264]</a></span>
+of order ever since July.'<a name="FNanchor_191_191" id="FNanchor_191_191"></a><a href="#Footnote_191_191" class="fnanchor">[191]</a> 'For the other
+empty metamorphosis,' he writes to Hannah
+More, 'that has happened to the outward man,
+you do me justice in concluding that it can do
+nothing but tease me; it is being called names
+in one's old age. I had rather be my Lord
+Mayor, for then I should keep the nickname
+but a year; and mine I may retain a little
+longer,&mdash;not that at seventy-five I reckon on
+becoming my Lord Methusalem.' For some
+time he could scarcely bring himself to use his
+new signature, and occasionally varied it by
+describing himself as 'The uncle of the late
+Earl of Orford.' In 1792, he delivered himself,
+after the fashion of Cowley, of the following
+<cite>Epitaphium vivi Auctoris</cite>:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poetry"><div class="stanza">
+    <div class="verse">'An estate and an earldom at seventy-four!</div>
+    <div class="verse">Had I sought them or wished them, 'twould add one fear more,&mdash;</div>
+    <div class="verse">That of making a countess when almost four-score.</div>
+    <div class="verse">But Fortune, who scatters her gifts out of season,</div>
+    <div class="verse">Though unkind to my limbs, has still left me my reason;</div>
+    <div class="verse">And whether she lowers or lifts me, I'll try,</div>
+    <div class="verse">In the plain simple style I have lived in, to die:</div>
+    <div class="verse">For ambition too humble, for manners too high.'</div>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>The last line seems like another of the many
+echoes of Goldsmith's <cite>Retaliation</cite>. As for the
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_265" id="Page_265">[265]</a></span>fear indicated in the third, it is hinted that this
+at one time bade fair to be something more
+than a poetical apprehension. If we are to
+credit a tradition handed down by Lord Lansdowne,
+he had been willing to go through the
+form of marriage with either of the Berrys,
+merely to secure their society, and to enrich
+them, as he had the power of charging the
+Orford estate with a jointure of £2000 per
+annum. But this can only have been a passing
+thought at some moment when their absence,
+in Italy or elsewhere, left him more sensitive
+to the loss of their gracious and stimulating
+presence. He himself was far too keenly alive
+to ridicule, and too much in bondage to <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">les
+bienséances</i>, to take a step which could scarcely
+escape ill-natured comment; and Mary Berry,
+who would certainly have been his preference,
+was not only as fully alive as was he to the
+shafts of the censorious, but, during the greater
+part of her acquaintanceship with him, was,
+apparently with his knowledge, warmly attached
+to a certain good-looking General
+O'Hara, who, a year before Walpole's death,
+in November, 1796, definitely proposed. He
+had just been appointed Governor of Gibraltar,
+and he wished Miss Berry to marry him at
+once, and go out with him. This, 'out of con<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_266" id="Page_266">[266]</a></span>sideration
+for others,' she declined to do. A
+few months later the engagement was broken
+off, and she never again saw her soldier admirer.
+Whether Lord Orford's comfort went for anything
+in this adjournment of her happiness, does
+not clearly appear; but it is only reasonable to
+suppose that his tenacious desire for her companionship
+had its influence in a decision which,
+however much it may have been for the best
+(and there were those of her friends who regarded
+it as a providential escape), was nevertheless
+a lifelong source of regret to herself.
+When, in 1802, she heard suddenly at the
+Opera of O'Hara's death, she fell senseless to
+the floor.</p>
+
+<p>The 'late Horace Walpole' never took his
+seat in the House of Lords. He continued,
+as before, to divide his time between Berkeley
+Square and Strawberry, to eulogize his 'wives'
+to Lady Ossory, and to watch life from his
+beloved Blue Room. Now and then he did
+the rare honours of his home to a distinguished
+guest,&mdash;in 1793, it was the Duchess of York;
+in 1795, Queen Charlotte herself. In the
+latter year died his old friend Conway, by
+this time a Field-Marshal; and it was evident
+at the close of 1796 that his faithful correspondent
+would not long survive him. His<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_267" id="Page_267">[267]</a></span>
+ailments had increased, and in the following
+January, he wrote his last letter to Lady
+Ossory:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p>
+Jan. 15, 1797.<br />
+<br />
+<span class="smcap">My dear Madam</span>,&mdash;<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>You distress me infinitely by showing my idle
+notes, which I cannot conceive can amuse anybody.
+My old-fashioned breeding impels me
+every now and then to reply to the letters you
+honour me with writing, but in truth very unwillingly,
+for I seldom can have anything
+particular to say; I scarce go out of my own
+house, and then only to two or three very
+private places, where I see nobody that really
+knows anything, and what I learn comes from
+Newspapers, that collect intelligence from
+coffee-houses, consequently what I neither
+believe nor report. At home I see only a
+few charitable elders, except about four-score
+nephews and nieces of various ages, who are
+each brought to me about once a-year, to stare
+at me as the Methusalem of the family, and
+they can only speak of their own contemporaries,
+which interest me no more than if
+they talked of their dolls, or bats and balls.
+Must not the result of all this, Madam, make
+me a very entertaining correspondent? And
+can such letters be worth showing? or can I<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_268" id="Page_268">[268]</a></span>
+have any spirit when so old, and reduced to
+dictate?</p>
+
+<p>Oh! my good Madam, dispense with me
+from such a task, and think how it must add
+to it to apprehend such letters being shown.
+Pray send me no more such laurels, which I
+desire no more than their leaves when decked
+with a scrap of tinsel, and stuck on twelfth-cakes
+that lie on the shop-boards of pastry-cooks
+at Christmas. I shall be quite content
+with a sprig of rosemary thrown after me, when
+the parson of the parish commits my dust to
+dust. Till then, pray, Madam, accept the
+resignation of your</p>
+
+<p>
+Ancient servant,<br />
+<span class="smcap">Orford</span>.
+</p></div>
+
+<p>Six weeks after the date of the above letter,
+he died at his house in Berkeley Square, to
+which he had been moved at the close of the
+previous year. During the latter days of his
+life, he suffered from a cruel lapse of memory,
+which led him to suppose himself neglected
+even by those who had but just quitted him.
+He sank gradually, and expired without pain
+on the 2nd of March, 1797, being then in his
+eightieth year. He was buried at the family
+seat of Houghton.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_269" id="Page_269">[269]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>His fortune, over and above his leases,
+amounted to ninety-one thousand pounds.
+To each of the Miss Berrys he left the sum
+of £4000 for their lives, together with the
+house and garden of 'Little Strawberry'
+(Cliveden), the long meadow in front of it,
+and all the furniture. He also bequeathed to
+them and to their father his printed works
+and his manuscripts, with discretionary power
+to publish. It was understood that the real
+editorship was to fall on the elder sister, who
+forthwith devoted herself to her task. The
+result was the edition, in five quarto volumes,
+of Lord Orford's <cite>Works</cite>, which has been so
+often referred to during the progress of these
+pages, and which appeared in 1798. It was
+entirely due to Mary Berry's unremitting care,
+her father's share being confined to a final paragraph
+in the preface, in which she is eulogized.<a name="FNanchor_192_192" id="FNanchor_192_192"></a><a href="#Footnote_192_192" class="fnanchor">[192]</a></p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_270" id="Page_270">[270]</a></span></p>
+<p>Strawberry Hill passed to Mrs. Damer for
+life, together with £2000 to keep it in repair.
+After living in it for some years, she resigned
+it, in 1811, to the Countess Dowager of Waldegrave,
+in whom the remainder in fee was
+vested. It subsequently passed to George,
+seventh Earl of Waldegrave, who sold its contents
+in 1842. At his death, in 1846, he left
+it to his widow, Frances, Countess of Waldegrave,
+who married the Rt. Hon. Chichester S.
+Parkinson-Fortescue, later Lord Carlingford.
+Lady Waldegrave died in 1879; but she had
+greatly added to and extended the original
+building, besides restoring many of the objects
+by which it had been decorated in Walpole's
+day.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_271" id="Page_271">[271]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<h2>CHAPTER X.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+<p>Macaulay on Walpole.&mdash;Effect of the <cite>Edinburgh</cite> Essay.&mdash;Macaulay
+and Mary Berry.&mdash;Portraits of Walpole.&mdash;Miss
+Hawkins's Description.&mdash;Pinkerton's Rainy Day at Strawberry.&mdash;Walpole's
+Character as a Man; as a Virtuoso; as a
+Politician; as an Author and Letter-writer.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>When, in October, 1833, Lord (then Mr.)
+Macaulay completed for the <cite>Edinburgh</cite>
+his review of Lord Dover's edition of Walpole's
+letters to Sir Horace Mann, he had apparently
+performed to his entire satisfaction the operation
+known, in the workmanlike vocabulary of
+the time, as 'dusting the jacket' of his unfortunate
+reviewee. 'I was up at four this morning
+to put the last touch to it,' he tells his sister
+Hannah. 'I often differ with the majority
+about other people's writings, and still oftener
+about my own; and therefore I may very likely
+be mistaken; but I think that this article will
+be a hit.... Nothing ever cost me more
+pains than the first half; I never wrote anything
+so flowingly as the latter half; and I like the
+latter half the best. [The latter half, it should<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_272" id="Page_272">[272]</a></span>
+be stated, was a rapid and very brilliant sketch
+of Sir Robert Walpole; the earlier, which
+involved so much labour, was the portrait of
+Sir Robert's youngest son.] I have laid it on
+Walpole [<i>i. e.</i>, Horace Walpole] so unsparingly,'
+he goes on to say, 'that I shall not be
+surprised if Miss Berry should cut me....
+Neither am I sure that Lord and Lady Holland
+will be well pleased.'<a name="FNanchor_193_193" id="FNanchor_193_193"></a><a href="#Footnote_193_193" class="fnanchor">[193]</a></p>
+
+<p>His later letters show him to have been a
+true prophet. Macvey Napier, then the editor
+of the 'Blue and Yellow,' was enthusiastic,
+praising the article 'in terms absolutely extravagant.'
+'He says that it is the best that I
+ever wrote,' the critic tells his favourite correspondent,&mdash;a
+statement which at this date must
+be qualified by the fact that he penned some
+of his most famous essays subsequent to its
+appearance. On the other hand, Miss Berry
+resented the review so much that Sir Stratford
+Canning advised its author not to go near her.
+But apparently her anger was soon dispelled,
+for the same letter which makes this announcement
+relates that she was already appeased.
+Lady Holland, too, was 'in a rage,' though
+with what part of the article does not transpire,
+while her good-natured husband told Macaulay
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_273" id="Page_273">[273]</a></span>privately that he quite agreed with him, but that
+they had better not discuss the subject. Lady
+Holland's irritation was probably prompted by
+her intimacy with the Waldegrave family, to
+whom the letters edited by Lord Dover belonged,
+and for whose benefit they were published.
+But, as Macaulay said justly, his
+article was surely not calculated to injure the
+sale of the book. Her imperious ladyship's
+displeasure, however, like that of Miss Berry,
+was of brief duration. Macaulay was too
+necessary to her <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">réunions</i> to be long exiled
+from her little court.</p>
+
+<p>Among those who occupy themselves in such
+enquiries, it has been matter for speculation
+what particular grudge Macaulay could have
+cherished against Horace Walpole when, to
+use his own expression, he laid it on him 'so
+unsparingly.' To this his correspondence affords
+no clue. Mr. Cunningham holds that
+he did it 'to revenge the dislike which Walpole
+bore to the Bedford faction, the followers
+of Fox and the Shelburne school.' It is possible,
+as another authority has suggested, that
+'in the Whig circles of Macaulay's time, there
+existed a traditional grudge against Horace
+Walpole,' owing to obscure political causes
+connected with his influence over his friend<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_274" id="Page_274">[274]</a></span>
+Conway. But these reasons do not seem
+relevant enough to make Macaulay's famous
+onslaught a mere <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">vendetta</i>. It is more reasonable
+to suppose that between his avowed
+delight in Walpole as a letter-writer, and his
+robust contempt for him as an individual, he
+found a subject to his hand, which admitted
+of all the brilliant antithesis and sparkle of
+epigram which he lavished upon it. Walpole's
+trivialities and eccentricities, his whims
+and affectations, are seized with remorseless
+skill, and presented with all the rhetorical
+advantages with which the writer so well knew
+how to invest them. As regards his literary
+estimate, the truth of the picture can scarcely
+be gainsaid; but the personal character, as
+Walpole's surviving friends felt, is certainly
+too much <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">en noir</i>. Miss Berry, indeed, in her
+'Advertisement' to vol. vi. of Wright's edition
+of the <cite>Letters</cite>, raised a gentle cry of expostulation
+against the entire representation. She
+laid stress upon the fact that Macaulay had
+not known Walpole in the flesh (a disqualification
+to which too much weight may easily
+be assigned); she dwelt upon the warmth of
+Walpole's attachments; she contested the
+charge of affectation; and, in short, made such
+a gallant attempt at a defence as her loyalty<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_275" id="Page_275">[275]</a></span>
+to her old friend enabled her to offer. Yet, if
+Macaulay had never known Walpole at all,
+she herself, it might be urged, had only known
+him in his old age. Upon the whole, 'with
+due allowance for a spice of critical pepper
+on one hand, and a handful of friendly rosemary
+on the other,' as Croker says, both
+characters are 'substantially true.' Under
+Macaulay's brush Walpole is depicted as he
+appeared to that critic's masculine and (for the
+nonce) unsympathetic spirit; in Miss Berry's
+picture, the likeness is touched with a pencil at
+once grateful, affectionate, and indulgent. The
+biographer of to-day, who is neither endeavouring
+to portray Walpole in his most favourable
+aspect, nor preoccupied (as Cunningham supposed
+the great Whig essayist to have been)
+with what would be thought of his work 'at
+Woburn, at Kensington, and in Berkeley
+Square,' may safely borrow details from the
+delineation of either artist.</p>
+
+<p>Of portraits of Walpole (not in words) there
+is no lack. Besides that belonging to Mrs.
+Bedford, described at p. <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, there is the enamel
+by Zincke painted in 1745, which is reproduced
+at p. 71 of vol. i. of Cunningham's edition
+of the letters. There is another portrait of him
+by Nathaniel Hone, R.A., in the National<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_276" id="Page_276">[276]</a></span>
+Portrait Gallery. A more characteristic presentment
+than any of these is the little drawing by
+Müntz which shows his patron sitting in the
+Library at Strawberry, with the Thames and a
+passing barge seen through the open window.
+But his most interesting portraits are two which
+exhibit him in manhood and old age. One is
+the half-length by J. G. Eckardt which once
+hung in its black-and-gold frame in the Blue
+Bedchamber, near the companion pictures of
+Gray and Bentley.<a name="FNanchor_194_194" id="FNanchor_194_194"></a><a href="#Footnote_194_194" class="fnanchor">[194]</a> Like these, it was 'from
+Vandyck,' that is to say, it was in a costume
+copied from that painter, and depicts the sitter
+in a laced collar and ruffles, leaning upon a copy
+of the <cite>Ædes Walpolianæ</cite>, with a view of part
+of the Gothic castle in the distance. The
+canvas bears at the back the date of 1754, so
+that it represents him at the age of seven-and-thirty.
+The shaven face is rather lean than thin,
+the forehead high, the brown hair brushed back
+and slightly curled. The eyes are dark, bright,
+and intelligent, and the small mouth wears a
+slight smile. The other, a drawing made for
+Samuel Lysons by Sir Thomas Lawrence, is that
+of a much older man, having been executed in
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_277" id="Page_277">[277]</a></span>1796. The eyelids droop wearily, the thin lips
+have a pinched, mechanical urbanity, and the
+features are worn by years and ill-health. It
+was reproduced by T. Evans as a frontispiece
+for vol. i. of his works. There are other portraits
+by Reynolds, 1757 (which McArdell and
+Reading engraved), by Rosalba, Falconet, and
+Dance;<a name="FNanchor_195_195" id="FNanchor_195_195"></a><a href="#Footnote_195_195" class="fnanchor">[195]</a> but it is sufficient to have indicated
+those mentioned above.</p>
+
+<p>Of the Walpole of later years there are more
+descriptions than one, and among these, that
+given by Miss Hawkins, the daughter of the
+pompous author of the <cite>History of Music</cite>, is, if
+the most familiar, also the most graphic. Sir
+John Hawkins was Walpole's neighbour at
+Twickenham House, and the <cite>History</cite> is said to
+have been undertaken at Walpole's instance.
+Miss Hawkins's description is of Walpole as
+she recalled him before 1772. 'His figure,'
+she says, ' ... was not merely tall, but more
+properly <em>long</em> and slender to excess; his complexion,
+and particularly his hands, of a most
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_278" id="Page_278">[278]</a></span>unhealthy paleness.... His eyes were remarkably
+bright and penetrating, very dark and
+lively; his voice was not strong, but his tones
+were extremely pleasant, and, if I may so say,
+highly gentlemanly. I do not remember his
+common gait;<a name="FNanchor_196_196" id="FNanchor_196_196"></a><a href="#Footnote_196_196" class="fnanchor">[196]</a> he always entered a room in
+that style of affected delicacy, which fashion
+had then made almost natural,&mdash;<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">chapeau bras</i>
+between his hands as if he wished to compress
+it, or under his arm, knees bent, and feet on
+tip-toe, as if afraid of a wet floor. His dress
+in visiting was most usually, in summer when I
+most saw him, a lavender suit, the waistcoat
+embroidered with a little silver, or of white silk
+worked in the tambour, partridge silk stockings,
+and gold buckles, ruffles and frill generally lace.
+I remember when a child, thinking him very
+much under-dressed if at any time, except in
+mourning, he wore hemmed cambric. In summer
+no powder, but his wig combed straight,
+and showing his very smooth pale forehead, and
+queued behind; in winter powder.'<a name="FNanchor_197_197" id="FNanchor_197_197"></a><a href="#Footnote_197_197" class="fnanchor">[197]</a></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_279" id="Page_279">[279]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Pinkerton, who knew Walpole from 1784
+until his death, and whose disappointment of a
+legacy is supposed, in places, to have mingled
+a more than justifiable amount of gall with his
+ink, has nevertheless left a number of interesting
+particulars respecting his habits and personal
+characteristics. They are too long to quote
+entire, but are, at the same time, too picturesque
+to be greatly compressed. He contradicts
+Miss Hawkins in one respect, for he says
+Walpole was 'short and slender,' but 'compact
+and neatly formed,'&mdash;an account which
+is confirmed by Müntz's full-length. 'When
+viewed from behind, he had somewhat of a
+boyish appearance, owing to the form of his
+person, and the simplicity of his dress.' None
+of his pictures, says Pinkerton, 'express the
+placid goodness of his eyes,<a name="FNanchor_198_198" id="FNanchor_198_198"></a><a href="#Footnote_198_198" class="fnanchor">[198]</a> which would often
+sparkle with sudden rays of wit, or dart forth
+flashes of the most keen and intuitive intelligence.
+His laugh was forced and uncouth, and
+even his smile not the most pleasing.'</p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_280" id="Page_280">[280]</a></span></p>
+<p>'His walk was enfeebled by the gout;
+which, if the editor's memory do not deceive,
+he mentioned that he had been tormented
+with since the age of twenty-five; adding,
+at the same time, that it was no hereditary
+complaint, his father, Sir Robert Walpole,
+who always drank ale, never having known
+that disorder, and far less his other parent.
+This painful complaint not only affected his
+feet, but attacked his hands to such a degree
+that his fingers were always swelled and deformed,
+and discharged large chalk-stones once
+or twice a year; upon which occasions he
+would observe, with a smile, that he must
+set up an inn, for he could chalk up a score
+with more ease and rapidity than any man in
+England.'</p>
+
+<p>After referring to the strict temperance of
+his life, Pinkerton goes on:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>'Though he sat up very late, either writing
+or conversing, he generally rose about nine
+o'clock, and appeared in the breakfast room,
+his constant and chosen apartment, with fine
+vistos towards the Thames. His approach
+was proclaimed, and attended, by a favourite
+little dog, the legacy of the Marquise du
+Deffand,<a name="FNanchor_199_199" id="FNanchor_199_199"></a><a href="#Footnote_199_199" class="fnanchor">[199]</a> and which ease and attention had
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_281" id="Page_281">[281]</a></span>rendered so fat that it could hardly move.
+This was placed beside him on a small sofa;
+the tea-kettle, stand, and heater were brought
+in, and he drank two or three cups of that
+liquor out of most rare and precious ancient
+porcelain of Japan, of a fine white, embossed
+with large leaves. The account of his china
+cabinet, in his description of his villa, will
+show how rich he was in that elegant luxury....
+The loaf and butter were not spared, ...
+and the dog and the squirrels had a liberal
+share of his repast.<a name="FNanchor_200_200" id="FNanchor_200_200"></a><a href="#Footnote_200_200" class="fnanchor">[200]</a></p>
+
+<p>'Dinner [his hour for which was four] was
+served up in the small parlour, or large dining
+room, as it happened: in winter generally the
+former. His valet supported him downstairs;<a name="FNanchor_201_201" id="FNanchor_201_201"></a><a href="#Footnote_201_201" class="fnanchor">[201]</a>
+and he ate most moderately of chicken, pheasant,
+or any light food. Pastry he disliked, as
+difficult of digestion, though he would taste a
+morsel of venison pye. Never, but once that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_282" id="Page_282">[282]</a></span>
+he drank two glasses of white-wine, did the
+editor see him taste any liquor, except ice-water.
+A pail of ice was placed under the
+table, in which stood a decanter of water, from
+which he supplied himself with his favourite
+beverage....</p>
+
+<p>'If his guest liked even a moderate quantity
+of wine, he must have called for it during
+dinner, for almost instantly after he rang the
+bell to order coffee upstairs. Thither he
+would pass about five o'clock; and generally
+resuming his place on the sofa, would sit till
+two o'clock in the morning, in miscellaneous
+chit-chat, full of singular anecdotes, strokes of
+wit, and acute observations, occasionally sending
+for books or curiosities, or passing to the
+library, as any reference happened to arise
+in conversation. After his coffee he tasted
+nothing; but the snuff box of <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">tabac d'étrennes</i>
+from Fribourg's was not forgotten, and was
+replenished from a canister lodged in an ancient
+marble urn of great thickness, which stood
+in the window seat, and served to secure its
+moisture and rich flavour.</p>
+
+<p>'Such was a private rainy day of Horace
+Walpole. The forenoon quickly passed in
+roaming through the numerous apartments
+of the house, in which, after twenty visits,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_283" id="Page_283">[283]</a></span>
+still something new would occur; and he was
+indeed constantly adding fresh acquisitions.
+Sometimes a walk in the grounds would intervene,
+on which occasions he would go out
+in his slippers through a thick dew; and he
+never wore a hat. He said that, on his first
+visit to Paris, he was ashamed of his effeminacy,
+when he saw every little meagre Frenchman,
+whom even he could have thrown down
+with a breath, walking without a hat, which
+he could not do, without a certainty of that
+disease, which the Germans say is endemial
+in England, and is termed by the natives
+<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">le-catch-cold</i>.<a name="FNanchor_202_202" id="FNanchor_202_202"></a><a href="#Footnote_202_202" class="fnanchor">[202]</a> The first trial cost him a slight
+fever, but he got over it, and never caught
+cold afterwards: draughts of air, damp rooms,
+windows open at his back, all situations were
+alike to him in this respect. He would even
+show some little offence at any solicitude,
+expressed by his guests on such an occasion,
+as an idea arising from the seeming tenderness
+of his frame; and would say, with a half smile
+of good-humoured crossness, "My back is the
+same with my face, and my neck is like my
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_284" id="Page_284">[284]</a></span>nose."<a name="FNanchor_203_203" id="FNanchor_203_203"></a><a href="#Footnote_203_203" class="fnanchor">[203]</a> His iced water he not only regarded
+as a preservative from such an accident, but he
+would sometimes observe that he thought his
+stomach and bowels would last longer than his
+bones; such conscious vigour and strength in
+those parts did he feel from the use of that
+beverage.'<a name="FNanchor_204_204" id="FNanchor_204_204"></a><a href="#Footnote_204_204" class="fnanchor">[204]</a></p>
+
+<p>The only particular that Cunningham adds to
+this chronicle of his habits is one too characteristic
+of the man to be omitted. After dinner at
+Strawberry, he says, the smell was removed by
+'a censer or pot of frankincense.' According
+to the <cite>Description</cite>, etc., there was a tripod of
+ormolu kept in the Breakfast Room for this
+purpose. It is difficult to identify the 'ancient
+marble urn of great thickness' in which the
+snuff was stored; but it may have been that 'of
+granite, brought from one of the Greek Islands,
+and given to Sir Robert Walpole by Sir Charles
+Wager,' which also figures in the Catalogue.</p>
+
+<p>Walpole's character may be considered in a
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_285" id="Page_285">[285]</a></span>fourfold aspect, as a man, a virtuoso, a politician,
+and an author. The first is the least easy to
+describe. What strikes one most forcibly is,
+that he was primarily and before all an aristocrat,
+or, as in his own day he would have been
+called, a 'person of quality,' whose warmest
+sympathies were reserved for those of his own
+rank. Out of the charmed circle of the peerage
+and baronetage, he had few strong connections;
+and although in middle life he corresponded
+voluminously with antiquaries such as Cole and
+Zouch, and in the languor of his old age turned
+eagerly to the renovating society of young
+women such as Hannah More and the Miss
+Berrys, however high his heart may have placed
+them, it may be doubted whether his head ever
+quite exalted them to the level of Lady Caroline
+Petersham, or Lady Ossory, or Her Grace of
+Gloucester. In a measure, this would also
+account for his unsympathetic attitude to some
+of the great <em>literati</em> of his day. With Gray he
+had been at school and college, which made a
+difference; but he no doubt regarded Fielding
+and Hogarth and Goldsmith and Johnson, apart
+from their confessed hostility to 'high life' and
+his beloved 'genteel comedy,' as gifted but undesirable
+outsiders,&mdash;'horn-handed breakers of
+the glebe' in Art and Letters,&mdash;with whom it<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_286" id="Page_286">[286]</a></span>
+would be impossible to be as intimately familiar
+as one could be with such glorified amateurs as
+Bunbury and Lady Lucan and Lady Di. Beauclerk,
+who were all more or less born in the
+purple. To the friends of his own class he was
+constant and considerate, and he seems to have
+cherished a genuine affection for Conway,
+George Montagu, and Sir Horace Mann. With
+regard to Gray, his relations, it would seem,
+were rather those of intellectual affinity and
+esteem than downright affection. But his closest
+friends were women. In them, that is, in the
+women of his time, he found just that atmosphere
+of sunshine and <em>insouciance</em>,&mdash;those conversational
+'lilacs and nightingales,'&mdash;in which
+his soul delighted, and which were most congenial
+to his restless intelligence and easily
+fatigued temperament. To have seen him at
+his best, one should have listened to him, not
+when he was playing the antiquary with Ducarel
+or Conyers Middleton, but gossipping of ancient
+green-room scandals at Cliveden, or explaining
+the mysteries of the 'Officina Arbuteana' to
+Madame de Boufflers or Lady Townshend, or
+delighting Mary and Agnes Berry, in the half-light
+of the Round Drawing Room at Strawberry,
+with his old stories of Lady Suffolk and
+Lady Hervey, and of the monstrous raven, under<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_287" id="Page_287">[287]</a></span>
+guise of which the disembodied spirit of His
+Majesty King George the First was supposed
+to have revisited the disconsolate Duchess of
+Kendal. Comprehending thoroughly that cardinal
+precept of conversation,&mdash;'never to weary
+your hearer,'&mdash;he was an admirable <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">raconteur</i>;
+and his excellent memory, shrewd perceptions,
+and volatile wit&mdash;all the more piquant for its
+never-failing mixture of well-bred malice&mdash;must
+have made him a most captivating companion.
+If, as Scott says, his temper was 'precarious,'
+it is more charitable to remember that in middle
+and later life he was nearly always tormented
+with a malady seldom favourable to good
+humour, than to explain the less amiable details
+of his conduct (as does Mr. Croker) by the
+hereditary taint of insanity. In a life of eighty
+years many hot friendships cool, even with
+tempers not 'precarious.' As regards the
+charges sometimes made against him of coldness
+and want of generosity, very good evidence
+would be required before they could be held to
+be established; and a man is not necessarily
+niggardly because his benefactions do not come
+up to the standard of all the predatory members
+of the community. It is besides clear, as Conway
+and Madame du Deffand would have testified,
+that he could be royally generous when<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_288" id="Page_288">[288]</a></span>
+necessity required. That he was careful rather
+than lavish in his expenditure must be admitted.
+It may be added that he was very much in
+bondage to public opinion, and morbidly sensitive
+to ridicule.</p>
+
+<p>As a virtuoso and amateur, his position is a
+mixed one. He was certainly widely different
+from that typical art connoisseur of his day,&mdash;the
+butt of Goldsmith and of Reynolds,&mdash;who travelled
+the Grand Tour to litter a gallery at home
+with broken-nosed busts and the rubbish of the
+Roman picture-factories. As the preface to the
+<cite>Ædes Walpolianæ</cite> showed, he really knew
+something about painting, in fact was a capable
+draughtsman himself; and besides, through Mann
+and others, had enjoyed exceptional opportunities
+for procuring genuine antiques. But his
+collection was not so rich in this way as might
+have been anticipated; and his portraits, his
+china, and his miniatures were probably his best
+possessions. For the rest, he was an indiscriminate
+rather than an eclectic collector; and there
+was also considerable truth in that strange 'attraction
+from the great to the little, and from
+the useful to the odd,' which Macaulay has
+noted. Many of the marvels at Strawberry
+would never have found a place in the treasure-houses&mdash;say
+of Beckford or Samuel Rogers.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_289" id="Page_289">[289]</a></span>
+It is difficult to fancy Bermingham's fables in
+paper on looking-glass, or Hubert's cardcuttings,
+or the fragile mosaics of Mrs. Delany either at
+Fonthill or St. James's Place. At the same
+time, it should be remembered that several of
+the most trivial or least defensible objects were
+presents which possibly reflected rather the
+charity of the recipient than the good taste of
+the giver. All the articles over which Macaulay
+lingers&mdash;Wolsey's hat, Van Tromp's pipe-case,
+and King William's spurs&mdash;were obtained in
+this way; and (with a laugher) Horace Walpole,
+who laughed a good deal himself, would probably
+have made as merry as the most mirth-loving
+spectator could have desired. But such items
+gave a heterogeneous character to the gathering,
+and turned what might have been a model
+museum into an old curiosity-shop. In any
+case, however, it was a memorable curiosity-shop,
+and in this modern era of <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">bric-à-brac</i>
+would probably attract far more serious attention
+than it did in those practical and pre-æsthetic
+days of 1842, when it fell under the hammer of
+George Robins.<a name="FNanchor_205_205" id="FNanchor_205_205"></a><a href="#Footnote_205_205" class="fnanchor">[205]</a></p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_290" id="Page_290">[290]</a></span></p>
+<p>Walpole's record as a politician is a brief one,
+and if his influence upon the questions of his
+time was of any importance, it must have been
+exercised unobtrusively. During the period of
+the 'great Walpolean battle,' as Junius styled
+the struggle that culminated in the downfall of
+Lord Orford, he was a fairly regular attendant
+in the House of Commons; and, as we have
+seen, spoke in his father's behalf when the
+motion was made for an enquiry into his conduct.
+Nine years later, he moved the address,
+and a few years later still, delivered a speech
+upon the employment of Swiss Regiments in the
+Colonies. Finally he resigned his 'senatorial
+dignity,' quitting the scene with the valediction
+of those who depreciate what they no longer
+desire to retain. 'What could I see but sons
+and grandsons playing over the same knaveries,
+that I have seen their fathers and grandfathers
+act? Could I hear oratory beyond my Lord
+Chatham's? Will there ever be parts equal to
+Charles Townshend's? Will George Grenville
+cease to be the most tiresome of beings?'<a name="FNanchor_206_206" id="FNanchor_206_206"></a><a href="#Footnote_206_206" class="fnanchor">[206]</a> In
+his earlier days he was a violent Whig,&mdash;at
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_291" id="Page_291">[291]</a></span>times almost a Republican' (to which latter
+phase of his opinions must be attributed the
+transformation of King Charles's death-warrant
+into 'Major Charta'); 'in his old and enfeebled
+age,' says Miss Berry, 'the horrors of the
+first French Revolution made him a Tory;
+while he always lamented, as one of the worst
+effects of its excesses, that they must necessarily
+retard to a distant period the progress
+and establishment of religious liberty.' He
+deplored the American War, and disapproved
+the Slave Trade; but, in sum, it is to be suspected
+that his main interest in politics, after
+his father's death, and apart from the preservation
+throughout an 'age of small factions' of
+his own uncertain sinecures, was the good and
+ill fortune of the handsome and amiable, but
+moderately eminent statesman, General Conway.
+It was for Conway that he took his most active
+steps in the direction of political intrigue; and
+perhaps his most important political utterance is
+the <cite>Counter Address to the Public on the late
+Dismission of a General Officer</cite>, which was
+prompted by Conway's deprivation of his command
+for voting in the opposition with himself
+in the debate upon the illegality of general warrants.
+Whether he would have taken office if
+it had been offered to him, may be a question;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_292" id="Page_292">[292]</a></span>
+but his attitude, as disclosed by his letters, is a
+rather hesitating <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">nolo episcopari</i>. The most interesting
+result of his connection with public affairs
+is the series of sketches of political men dispersed
+through his correspondence, and through
+the posthumous <cite>Memoirs</cite> published by Lord
+Holland and Sir Denis Le Marchant. Making
+every allowance for his prejudices and partisanship
+(and of neither can Walpole be acquitted),
+it is impossible not to regard these latter as
+highly important contributions to historical literature.
+Even Mr. Croker admits that they
+contain 'a considerable portion of voluntary or
+involuntary truth;' and such an admission, when
+extorted from Lord Beaconsfield's 'Rigby,' of
+whom no one can justly say that he was ignorant
+of the politics of Walpole's day, has all
+the weight which attaches to a testimonial from
+the enemy.<a name="FNanchor_207_207" id="FNanchor_207_207"></a><a href="#Footnote_207_207" class="fnanchor">[207]</a></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_293" id="Page_293">[293]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>This mention of the <cite>Memoirs</cite> naturally leads
+us to that final consideration, the position of
+Walpole as an author. Most of the productions
+which fill the five bulky volumes given to
+the world in 1798 by Miss Berry's pious care
+have been referred to in the course of the foregoing
+pages, and it is not necessary to recapitulate
+them here. The place which they occupy
+in English literature was never a large one,
+and it has grown smaller with lapse of time.
+Walpole, in truth, never took letters with
+sufficient seriousness. He was willing enough
+to obtain repute, but upon condition that he
+should be allowed to despise his calling and
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_294" id="Page_294">[294]</a></span>laugh at 'thoroughness.' If masterpieces could
+have been dashed off at a hand-gallop; if
+antiquarian studies could have been made of
+permanent value by the exercise of mere
+elegant facility; if a dramatic reputation could
+have been secured by the simple accumulation
+of horrors upon Horror's head,&mdash;his might have
+been a great literary name. But it is not thus
+the severer Muses are cultivated; and Walpole's
+mood was too variable, his industry too
+intermittent, his fine-gentleman self-consciousness
+too inveterate, to admit of his producing
+anything that (as one of his critics has said)
+deserves a higher title than '<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">opuscula</i>.' His
+essays in the <cite>World</cite> lead one to think that he
+might have made a more than respectable
+essayist, if he had not fallen upon days in
+which that form of writing was practically
+outworn; and it is manifest that he would
+have been an admirable writer of familiar
+poetry if he could have forgotten the fallacy
+(exposed by Johnson)<a name="FNanchor_208_208" id="FNanchor_208_208"></a><a href="#Footnote_208_208" class="fnanchor">[208]</a> that easy verse is easy
+to write. Nevertheless, in the Gothic romance
+which was suggested by his Gothic castle&mdash;for,
+to speak paradoxically, Strawberry Hill is
+almost as much as Walpole the author of the
+<cite>Castle of Otranto</cite>&mdash;he managed to initiate a
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_295" id="Page_295">[295]</a></span>new form of fiction; and by decorating 'with
+gay strings the gatherings of Vertue' he preserved
+serviceably, in the <cite>Anecdotes of Painting</cite>,
+a mass of curious, if sometimes uncritical, information
+which, in other circumstances, must
+have been hopelessly lost. If anything else
+of his professed literary work is worthy of
+recollection, it must be a happy squib such as
+the <cite>Letter of Xo Ho</cite>, a fable such as <cite>The Entail</cite>,
+or an essay such as the pamphlet on Landscape
+Gardening, which even Croker allows to be 'a
+very elegant history and happy elucidation of
+that charming art.'<a name="FNanchor_209_209" id="FNanchor_209_209"></a><a href="#Footnote_209_209" class="fnanchor">[209]</a></p>
+
+<p>But it is not by his professedly literary work
+that he has acquired the reputation which he
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_296" id="Page_296">[296]</a></span>retains and must continue to retain. It is
+as a letter-writer that he survives; and it is
+upon the vast correspondence, of which, even
+now, we seem scarcely to have reached the
+limits, that is based his surest claim <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">volitare
+per ora virum</i>. The qualities which are his
+defects in more serious productions become
+merits in his correspondence; or, rather, they
+cease to be defects. No one looks for prolonged
+effort in a gossipping epistle; a weighty
+reasoning is less important than a light hand;
+and variety pleases more surely than symmetry
+of structure. Among the little band of
+those who have distinguished themselves in
+this way, Walpole is in the foremost rank,&mdash;nay,
+if wit and brilliancy, without gravity or
+pathos, are to rank highest, he is first. It
+matters nothing whether he wrote easily or
+with difficulty; whether he did, or did not,
+make minutes of apt illustrations or descriptive
+incidents: the result is delightful. For
+diversity of interest and perpetual entertainment,
+for the constant surprises of an unique
+species of wit, for happy and unexpected turns
+of phrase, for graphic characterization and
+clever anecdote, for playfulness, pungency,
+irony, persiflage, there is nothing in English
+like his correspondence. And when one re<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_297" id="Page_297">[297]</a></span>members
+that, in addition, this correspondence
+constitutes a sixty-years' social chronicle of a
+specially picturesque epoch by one of the most
+picturesque of picturesque chroniclers, there
+can be no need to bespeak any further suffrage
+for Horace Walpole's 'incomparable letters.'</p>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_298" id="Page_298">[298]</a></span></p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_299" id="Page_299">[299]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<h2>APPENDIX.</h2>
+</div>
+
+
+<h3>BOOKS PRINTED AT THE STRAWBERRY
+HILL PRESS.</h3>
+
+<p>⁂ The following list contains all the books
+mentioned in the <cite>Description of the Villa of Mr.
+Horace Walpole</cite>, etc., 1784, together with those
+issued between that date and Walpole's death.
+It does <em>not</em> include the several title-pages and
+labels which he printed from time to time, or
+the quatrains and verses purporting to be
+addressed by the Press to Lady Rochford,
+Lady Townshend, Madame de Boufflers, the
+Miss Berrys, and others. Nor does it comprise
+the pieces struck off by Mr. Kirgate, the
+printer, for the benefit of himself and his
+friends. On the other hand, all the works
+enumerated here are, with three exceptions,
+described from copies either in the possession
+of the present writer, or to be found in the
+British Museum and the Dyce and Forster
+Libraries at South Kensington.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_300" id="Page_300">[300]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<h4>1757.</h4>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+<p>Odes by Mr. Gray. Φωνἁντα συνετοῖσι&mdash;Pindar,
+Olymp. II. [Strawberry Hill Bookplate.]
+<i>Printed at Strawberry-Hill, for R.
+and J. Dodsley in Pall-Mall, MDCCLVII.</i></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Half-title, 'Odes by Mr. Gray. [Price one Shilling.]';
+    Title as above; Text, pp. 5-21. 4to. 1,000
+    copies printed. 'June 25th [1757], I erected a
+    printing-press at my house at Strawberry Hill.'
+    'Aug. 8th, I published two Odes by Mr. Gray, the
+    first production of my press' (<cite>Short Notes</cite>). 'And
+    with what do you think we open? <cite>Cedite, Romani
+    Impressores</cite>,&mdash;with nothing under <cite>Graii Carmina</cite>.
+    I found him [Gray] in town last week: he had
+    brought his two Odes to be printed. I snatched
+    them out of Dodsley's hands' ... (<cite>Walpole to
+    Chute</cite>, 12 July, 1757). 'I send you two copies (one
+    for Dr. Cocchi) of a very honourable opening of
+    my press,&mdash;two amazing Odes of Mr. Gray; they
+    are Greek, they are Pindaric, they are sublime!
+    consequently, I fear, a little obscure' (<cite>Walpole to
+    Mann</cite>, 4 Aug., 1757). 'You are very particular, I
+    can tell you, in liking Gray's Odes; but you must
+    remember that the age likes Akenside, and did like
+    Thomson! Can the same people like both?' (<cite>Walpole
+    to Montagu</cite>, 25 Aug., 1757).</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+    <p>To Mr. Gray, on his Odes. [By David Garrick.]</p>
+
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Single leaf, containing six quatrains (24 lines).
+    4to. Only six copies are said to have been printed;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_301" id="Page_301">[301]</a></span>
+    but it is not improbable that there were more.
+    There is a copy in the Dyce Collection at South
+    Kensington.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+    <p>A Journey into England. By Paul Hentzner,
+    in the year M.D.XC.VIII. [Strawberry
+    Hill Bookplate.] <i>Printed at Strawberry-Hill,
+    MDCCLVII.</i></p>
+
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Title, Dedication (2 leaves); 'Advertisement,'
+    i-x; half-title; Latin and English Text on opposite
+    pages, 1 to 103 (double numbers). Sm. 8vo. 220
+    copies printed. 'In Oct., 1757, was finished at my
+    press an edition of Hentznerus, translated by Mr.
+    Bentley, to which I wrote an advertisement. I
+    dedicated it to the Society of Antiquaries, of which
+    I am a member' (<cite>Short Notes</cite>). 'An edition of
+    Hentznerus, with a version by Mr. Bentley, and a
+    little preface of mine, were prepared [<i>i. e.</i>, as the
+    first issue of the press], but are to wait [for Gray's
+    <cite>Odes</cite>]' (<cite>Walpole to Chute</cite>, 12 July, 1757).</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<h4>1758.</h4>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+    <p>A Catalogue of the Royal and Noble Authors of
+    England, with Lists of their Works. <i lang="it" xml:lang="it">Dove,
+    diavolo! Messer Ludovico, avete pigliato tante
+    coglionerie?</i> Card. d'Este, to Ariosto. Vol. i.
+    [Strawberry Hill Bookplate.] <i>Printed at
+    Strawberry-Hill. MDCCLVIII.</i></p>
+
+    <p>---- Vol. ii. [Strawberry Hill Bookplate.]
+    <i>Printed at Strawberry-Hill. MDCCLVIII.</i></p>
+
+    <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_302" id="Page_302">[302]</a></span></p>
+
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Vol. i.,&mdash;Title; Dedication of 2 leaves to Lord
+    Hertford; Advertisement, pp. i-viii; half-title;
+    Text, pp. 1-219, and unpaged Index. There is
+    also a frontispiece engraved by Grignion. Vol. ii.,&mdash;Half-title;
+    Title; Text, pp. 1-215, and unpaged
+    Index. 8vo. 300 copies issued. A second edition,
+    'corrected and enlarged,' was printed in 1758 (but
+    dated 1759), in two vols. 8vo., 'for R. and J. Dodsley,
+    in Pallmall; and J. Graham in the Strand.'
+    According to Baker (<cite>Catalogue of Books, etc., printed
+    at the Press at Strawberry Hill</cite> [1810]), 40 copies of
+    a supplement or Postscript to the <cite>Royal and Noble
+    Authors</cite> were printed by Kirgate in 1786. 'In
+    April, 1758, was finished the first impression of my
+    "Catalogue of Royal and Noble Authors," which I
+    had written the preceding year in less than five
+    months' (<cite>Short Notes</cite>). 'My book is marvellously
+    in fashion, to my great astonishment. I did not
+    expect so much truth and such notions of liberty
+    would have made their fortune in this our day'
+    (<cite>Walpole to Montagu</cite>, 4 May, 1758). 'Dec. 5th
+    [1758] was published the second edition of my
+    "Catalogue of Royal and Noble Authors." Two
+    thousand were printed, but <em>not</em> at Strawberry Hill'
+    (<cite>Short Notes</cite>). 'I have but two motives for offering
+    you the accompanying trifle [<i>i. e.</i>, the Postscript
+    above referred to].... Coming from my press, I
+    wish it may be added to your Strawberry editions.
+    It is so far from being designed for the public that
+    I have printed but forty copies' (<cite>Walpole to Hannah
+    More</cite>, 1 Jan., 1787).</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>An Account of Russia as it was in the Year
+    1710. By Charles Lord Whitworth. [Straw<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_303" id="Page_303">[303]</a></span>berry
+    Hill Bookplate.] <i>Printed at Strawberry-Hill.
+    MDCCLVIII.</i></p>
+
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Title, 'Advertisement' pp. i-xxiv; Text, pp.
+    1-158; Errata, one page. Sm. 8vo. 700 copies
+    printed. 'The beginning of October [1758] I published
+    Lord Whitworth's account of Russia, to
+    which I wrote the advertisement' (<cite>Short Notes</cite>).
+    'A book has been left at your ladyship's house;
+    it is Lord Whitworth's Account of Russia' (<cite>Walpole
+    to Lady Hervey</cite>, 17 Oct., 1758). Mr. (afterwards
+    Lord) Whitworth was Ambassador to St.
+    Petersburg in the reign of Peter the Great.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+    <p>The Mistakes; or, the Happy Resentment.
+    A Comedy. By the late Lord * * * *
+    [Henry Hyde, Lord Hyde and Cornbury.]
+    <i>London: Printed by S. Richardson, in the
+    Year 1758.</i></p>
+
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Title; List of Subscribers, pp. xvi; Advertisement,
+    Prologue, and <em>Dramatis Personæ</em>, 2 leaves;
+    Text, 1-83; Epilogue unpaged. Baker gives the
+    following particulars from the <cite>Biographia Dramatica</cite>
+    as to this book: 'The Author of this Piece
+    was the learned, ingenious, and witty <span class="smcap">Lord Cornbury</span>,
+    but it was never acted. He made a present
+    of it to that great Actress, Mrs. <span class="smcap">Porter</span>, to make
+    what Emolument she could by it. And that Lady,
+    after his Death, published it by Subscription, at
+    Five Shillings, each Book, which was so much
+    patronized by the Nobility and Gentry that Three
+    Thousand Copies were disposed of. Prefixed to it
+    is a Preface, by Mr. <span class="smcap">Horace Walpole</span>, at whose<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_304" id="Page_304">[304]</a></span>
+    Press at Strawberry-Hill it was printed.' Baker
+    adds, 'Mr. Yardley, who when living, kept a Bookseller's
+    Shop in New-Inn-Passage, confirmed this
+    account, by asserting, that he assisted in printing
+    it at that Press.' But Baker nevertheless prefixes
+    an asterisk to the title, which implies that it was
+    'not printed for Mr. Walpole,' and this probably
+    accounts for Richardson's name on the title-page.
+    By the subscription list, the Hon. Horace Walpole
+    took 21 copies, David Garrick, 38, and Mr. Samuel
+    Richardson, of Salisbury Court, 4. All Walpole
+    says is, 'About the same time [1758] Mrs. Porter
+    published [for her benefit] Lord Hyde's play, to
+    which I had written the advertisement' (<cite>Short
+    Notes</cite>).</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+    <p>A Parallel; in the Manner of Plutarch: between
+    a most celebrated Man of Florence;
+    and One, scarce ever heard of, in England.
+    By the Reverend Mr. Spence. '&mdash;<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Parvis componere
+    magna</i>'&mdash;Virgil. [Portrait in circle
+    of Magliabecchi.] <i>Printed at Strawberry-Hill,
+    by William Robinson; and Sold by Messieurs
+    Dodsley, at Tully's-Head, Pall-Mall;
+    for the Benefit of Mr. Hill. M.DCC.LVIII.</i></p>
+
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Title; Text, pp. 4-104. Sm. 8vo. 700 copies
+    printed. '1759. Feb. 2nd. I published Mr.
+    Spence's Parallel of Magliabecchi and Mr. Hill, a
+    tailor of Buckingham; calculated to raise a little
+    sum of money for the latter poor man. Six hundred
+    copies were sold in a fortnight, and it was reprinted
+    in London' (<cite>Short Notes</cite>). 'Mr. Spence's Magliabecchi
+    is published to-day from Strawberry; I be<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_305" id="Page_305">[305]</a></span>lieve
+    you saw it, and shall have it; but 'tis not
+    worth sending you on purpose' (<cite>Walpole to Chute</cite>,
+    2 Feb., 1759).</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+    <p>Fugitive Pieces in Verse and Prose. <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Pereunt
+    et imputantur.</i> [Strawberry Hill Bookplate.]
+    <i>Printed at Strawberry-Hill, MDCCLVIII.</i></p>
+
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Title; Dedication and 'Table of Contents,' iii-vi;
+    Text, 1-219. Sm. 8vo. 200 copies printed. 'In
+    the summer of 1758, I printed some of my own
+    Fugitive Pieces, and dedicated them to my cousin,
+    General Conway' (<cite>Short Notes</cite>). 'March 17 [1759].
+    I began to distribute some copies of my "Fugitive
+    Pieces," collected and printed together at Strawberry
+    Hill, and dedicated to General Conway'
+    (<i>ibid.</i>). One of these, which is in the Forster Collection
+    at South Kensington, went to Gray. 'This
+    Book [says a MS. inscription] once belonged to
+    Gray the Poet, and has his autograph on the Title-page.
+    I [<i>i. e.</i>, George Daniel, of Canonbury] bought
+    it at Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson's Sale Rooms
+    for £1. 19 on Thursday, 28 Augt. 1851, from the
+    valuable collection of Mr. Penn of Stoke.'</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<h4>1760.</h4>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Catalogue of the Pictures and Drawings in the
+    Holbein Chamber at Strawberry Hill. <i>Strawberry-Hill,
+    1760.</i></p>
+
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Pp. 8. 8vo. [Lowndes.]</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+    <p>Catalogue of the Collection, of Pictures of the
+    Duke of Devonshire, General Guise, and the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_306" id="Page_306">[306]</a></span>
+    late Sir Paul Methuen. <i>Strawberry-Hill,
+    1760.</i></p>
+
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Pp. 44. 8vo. 12 copies, printed on one side
+    only. [Lowndes.]</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+    <p>M. Annæi Lucani Pharsalia cum Notis Hugonis
+    Grotii, et Richardi Bentleii. <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Multa sunt condonanda
+    in opere postumo.</i> In Librum iv,
+    Nota 641. [Emblematical vignette.] <i>Strawberry-Hill,
+    MDCCLX.</i></p>
+
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Title, Dedication (by Richard Cumberland to
+    Halifax), and Advertisement (<cite>Ad Lectorem</cite>), 3
+    leaves; Text, pp. 1-525. 4to. 500 copies printed.
+    Cumberland took up the editing when Bentley the
+    younger resigned it. 'I am just undertaking an
+    edition of Lucan, my friend Mr. Bentley having in
+    his possession his father's notes and emendations
+    on the first seven books' (<cite>Walpole to Zouch</cite>, 9 Dec.,
+    1758). 'I would not <em>alone</em> undertake to correct the
+    press; but I am so lucky as to live in the strictest
+    friendship with Dr. Bentley's only son, who, to all
+    the ornament of learning, has the amiable turn of
+    mind, disposition, and easy wit' (<cite>Walpole to Zouch</cite>,
+    12 Jan., 1759). 'Lucan is in poor forwardness. I
+    have been plagued with a succession of bad printers,
+    and am not got beyond the fourth book. It will
+    scarce appear before next winter' (<cite>Walpole to
+    Zouch</cite>, 23 Dec., 1759). 'My Lucan is finished, but
+    will not be published till after Christmas' (<cite>Walpole
+    to Zouch</cite>, 27 Nov., 1760). 'I have delivered to
+    your brother ... a Lucan, printed at Strawberry,
+    which, I trust, you will think a handsome edition'
+    (<cite>Walpole to Mann</cite>, 27 Jan., 1761).</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_307" id="Page_307">[307]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<h4>1762.</h4>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Anecdotes of Painting in England; with some
+    Account of the principal Artists; and incidental
+    Notes on other Arts; collected by the
+    late Mr. George Vertue; and now digested
+    and published from his original MSS. By
+    Mr. Horace Walpole. <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Multa renascentur quæ
+    jam cecidere.</i> Vol. I. [Device with Walpole's
+    crest.] <i>Printed by Thomas Farmer at Strawberry-Hill,
+    MDCCLXII.</i></p>
+
+    <p>------ <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Le sachant Anglois, je crus qu'il m'alloit
+    parler d'edifices et de peintures.</i> Nouvelle
+    Eloise, vol. i. p. 245. Vol. II. [Device
+    with Walpole's crest.] <i>Printed by Thomas
+    Farmer at Strawberry-Hill, MDCCLXII.</i></p>
+
+    <p>------ Vol. III. (Motto of six lines from
+    Prior's <cite>Protogenes and Apelles</cite>.) <i>Strawberry-Hill:
+    Printed in the Year MDCCLXIII.</i></p>
+
+    <p>------ To which is added the History of the
+    Modern Taste in Gardening. <i>The Glory of</i>
+    Lebanon <i>shall come unto thee, the Fir-tree, the
+    Pine-tree, and the Box together, to beautify
+    the Place of my Sanctuary, and I will make
+    the Place of my Feet glorious</i>. Isaiah, lx. 13.
+    Volume the Fourth and last. <i>Strawberry-Hill:
+    Printed by Thomas Kirgate, MDCCLXXI.</i></p>
+
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+        <p>Vol. i.,&mdash;Title, Dedication, Preface, pp. i-xiii;
+        Contents; Text, pp. 1-168, with Appendix and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_308" id="Page_308">[308]</a></span>
+        Index unpaged. Vol. ii.,&mdash;Title; Text, pp. 1-158,
+        with Appendix, Index, and 'Errata' unpaged; and
+        'Additional Lives to the First Edition of Anecdotes of
+        Painting in England,' pp. 1-12. Vol. iii.,&mdash;Title;
+        pp. 1-155, with Appendix and Index unpaged; and
+        'Additional Lives to the First Edition of Anecdotes
+        of Painting in England,' pp. 1-4. Vol. iv.,&mdash;Title,
+        Dedication, Advertisement (dated October 1, 1780),
+        pp. i-x; Contents; Text, pp. 1-151 (dated August
+        12, 1770); 'Errata;' pp. x-52; Appendix of one leaf
+        ('Prints by or after Hogarth, discovered since the
+        Catalogue was finished'), and Index unpaged. The
+        volumes are 4to., with many portraits and plates.
+        600 copies were printed. The fourth volume was
+        in type in 1770, but not issued until Oct., 1780. It
+        was dedicated to the Duke of Richmond,&mdash;Lady
+        Hervey, to whom the three earlier volumes had
+        been inscribed, having died in 1768. A second
+        edition of the first three volumes was printed by
+        Thomas Kirgate at Strawberry Hill in 1765. 'Sept.
+        1st [1759]. I began to look over Mr. Vertue's MSS.,
+        which I bought last year for one hundred pounds,
+        in order to compose the Lives of English Painters'
+        (<cite>Short Notes</cite>). '1760, Jan. 1st. I began the Lives
+        of English Artists, from Vertue's MSS. (that is,
+        "Anecdotes of Painting," etc.)' (<i>ibid.</i>). 'Aug. 14th.
+        Finished the first volume of my "Anecdotes of
+        Painting in England." Sept. 5th, began the second
+        volume. Oct. 23d, finished the second volume'
+        (<i>ibid.</i>). '1761, Jan. 4th, began the third volume'
+        (<i>ibid.</i>). 'June 29th, resumed the third volume of
+        my "Anecdotes of Painting," which I had laid aside
+        after the first day' (<i>ibid.</i>). 'Aug. 22nd, finished
+        the third volume of my "Anecdotes of Painting"'
+        (<i>ibid.</i>). 'The "Anecdotes of Painting" have suc<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_309" id="Page_309">[309]</a></span>ceeded
+        to the press: I have finished two volumes;
+        but as there will at least be a third, I am not determined
+        whether I shall not wait to publish the
+        whole together. You will be surprised, I think, to
+        see what a quantity of materials the industry of one
+        man [Vertue] could amass!' (<cite>Walpole to Zouch</cite>,
+        27 Nov., 1760.) 'You drive your expectations
+        much too fast, in thinking my "Anecdotes of Painting"
+        are ready to appear, in demanding three volumes.
+        You will see but <em>two</em>, and it will be February
+        first' (<cite>Walpole to Montagu</cite>, 30 Dec., 1761). 'I am
+        now publishing the third volume, and another of
+        Engravers' (<cite>Walpole to Dalrymple</cite>, 31 Jan., 1764).
+        'I have advertised my long-delayed last volume of
+        "Painters" to come out, and must be in town to
+        distribute it' (<cite>Walpole to Lady Ossory</cite>, 23 Sept.,
+        1780). 'I have left with Lord Harcourt for you my
+        new old last volume of "Painters"' (<cite>Walpole to
+        Mason</cite>, 13 Oct., 1780).</p>
+    </div>
+</div>
+
+<p>1763.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+    <p>A Catalogue of Engravers, who have been born,
+    or resided in England; digested by Mr.
+    Horace Walpole from the MSS. of Mr. George
+    Vertue; to which is added an Account of the
+    Life and Works of the latter. <em>And Art reflected
+    Images to Art....</em> Pope. <i>Strawberry-Hill:
+    Printed in the Year MDCCLXIII.</i></p>
+
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Title; pp. 1-128, last page dated 'Oct. 10th,
+    1762;' 'Life of Mr. George Vertue' pp. 1-14;
+    'List of Vertue's Works,' pp. 1-20, last page dated
+    'Oct. 22d, 1762;' Index of Names of Engravers,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_310" id="Page_310">[310]</a></span>
+    unpaged. 4to. There are several portraits, including
+    one of Vertue after Richardson. 'Aug. 2nd
+    [1762], began the "Catalogue of Engravers." October
+    10th, finished it' (<cite>Short Notes</cite>). 'The volume
+    of Engravers is printed off, and has been some
+    time; I only wait for some of the plates' (<cite>Walpole
+    to Cole</cite>, 8 Oct., 1763). 'I am now publishing the
+    third volume [of the 'Anecdotes of Painting'], and
+    another of "Engravers"' (<cite>Walpole to Dalrymple</cite>,
+    31 Jan., 1764).</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<h4>1764.</h4>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Poems by Anna Chamber Countess Temple.
+    [Plate of Strawberry Hill.] <i>Strawberry-Hill:
+    Printed in the Year MDCCLXIV.</i></p>
+
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Title, Verses signed 'Horace Walpole, January
+    26th, 1764,' Text, 1-34 in all. 4to. 100 copies
+    printed by Prat. 'I shall send you, too, Lady
+    Temple's Poems' (<cite>Walpole to Montagu</cite>, 16 July,
+    1764).</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>The Magpie and her Brood, a Fable, from the
+    Tales of Bonaventure des Periers, Valet de
+    Chambre to the Queen of Navarre; addressed
+    to Miss Hotham.</p>
+
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>4 pp., containing 72 lines,&mdash;initialed 'H. W.'
+    4to. 'Oct. 15th, [1764] wrote the fable of "The
+    Magpie and her Brood" for Miss [Henrietta]
+    Hotham, then near eleven years old, great niece of
+    Henrietta Hobart, Countess Dowager of Suffolk.
+    It was taken from <cite>Les Nouvelles Récréations de
+    Bonaventure des Periers</cite>, Valet-de-Chambre to the
+    Queen of Navarre' (<cite>Short Notes</cite>).</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_311" id="Page_311">[311]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+    <p>The Life of Edward Lord Herbert of Cherbury,
+    written by Himself. [Plate of Strawberry
+    Hill.] <i>Strawberry-Hill: Printed by Prat in
+    the Year MDCCLXIV.</i></p>
+
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Title, Dedication, and Advertisement, 5 leaves;
+    Text, pp. 1-171. Folding plate portrait. 4to. 200
+    copies printed. '1763. Beginning of September
+    wrote the Dedication and Preface to Lord Herbert's
+    Life' (<cite>Short Notes</cite>). 'I have got a most delectable
+    work to print, which I had great difficulty to
+    obtain, and which I must use while I can have it.
+    It is the life of the famous Lord Herbert of Cherbury'
+    (<cite>Letter to the Bishop of Carlisle</cite>, 10 July,
+    1763). 'It will not be long before I have the pleasure
+    of sending you by far the most curious and entertaining
+    book that my press has produced.... It is
+    the life of the famous Lord Herbert of Cherbury,
+    and written by himself,&mdash;of the contents I will not
+    anticipate one word' (<cite>Letter to Mason</cite>, 29 Dec.,
+    1763). 'The thing most in fashion is my edition
+    of Lord Herbert's Life; people are mad after it, I
+    believe because only two hundred were printed'
+    (<cite>Letter to Montagu</cite>, 16 Dec., 1764). 'This singular
+    work was printed from the original MS. in 1764, at
+    Strawberry-hill, and is perhaps the most extraordinary
+    account that ever was given seriously by a
+    wise man of himself' (Walpole, <cite>Works</cite>, 1798,
+    i. 363).</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<h4>1768.</h4>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+    <p>Cornélie, Vestale. Tragédie. [By the President
+    Hénault.] <i>Imprimée à Strawberry-Hill,
+    MDCCLXVIII.</i></p>
+
+    <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_312" id="Page_312">[312]</a></span></p>
+
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Title; Dedication '<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">à Mons. Horace Walpole</i>,'
+    dated '<em>Paris ce 27 Novembre, 1767</em>,' pp. iii-iv;
+    'Acteurs;' Text, 1-91. 8vo. 200 copies printed;
+    150 went to Paris. Kirgate printed it. 'My press
+    is revived, and is printing a French play written by
+    the old President Hénault. It was damned many
+    years ago at Paris, and yet I think is better than
+    some that have succeeded, and much better than
+    any of <em>our</em> modern tragedies. I print it to please
+    the old man, as he was exceedingly kind to me at
+    Paris; but I doubt whether he will live till it is
+    finished. He is to have a hundred copies, and
+    there are to be but an hundred more, of which you
+    shall have one' (<cite>Letter to Montagu</cite>, 15 April, 1768).
+    President Hénault died November, 1770, aged
+    eighty-six.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>The Mysterious Mother. A Tragedy. By
+    Mr. Horace Walpole. <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Sit mihi fas audita
+    loqui!</i> Virgil. <i>Printed at Strawberry-Hill:
+    MDCCLXVIII.</i></p>
+
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Title, 'Errata,' 'Persons' (2 leaves); Text, pp.
+    1-120, with Postscript, pp. 1-10 (which see for origin
+    of play). Sm. 8vo. 50 copies issued. <cite>The Mysterious
+    Mother</cite> is reprinted in Walpole's <cite>Works</cite>,
+    1798, i., pp. 37-129. 'March 15 [1768]. I finished
+    a tragedy called "The Mysterious Mother," which I
+    had begun Dec. 25, 1766' (<cite>Short Notes</cite>). 'I thank
+    you for myself, not for my Play.... I accept with
+    great thankfulness what you have voluntarily been
+    so good as to do for me; and should the Mysterious
+    Mother ever be performed when I am dead,
+    it will owe to you its presentation' (<cite>Walpole to
+    Mason</cite>, 11 May, 1769).</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_313" id="Page_313">[313]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<h4>1769.</h4>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Poems by the Reverend Mr. Hoyland. <i>Printed
+    at Strawberry Hill: MDCCLXIX.</i></p>
+
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Title, Advertisement [by Walpole], pp. i-iv;
+    Text, 1-19. 8vo. 300 copies printed. In the British
+    Museum is a copy which simply has 'Printed
+    in the Year 1769.' 'I enclose a short Advertisement
+    for Mr. Hoyland's poems. I mean by it to
+    tempt people to a little more charity, and to soften
+    to him, as much as I can, the humiliation of its
+    being asked for him; if you approve it, it shall be
+    prefixed to the edition' (<cite>Walpole to Mason</cite>, 5 April,
+    1769).</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<h4>1770.</h4>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Reply to the Observations of the Rev. Dr.
+    Milles, Dean of Exeter, and President of
+    the Society of Antiquaries, on the Ward Robe
+    Account.</p>
+
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Pp. 24. Six copies printed, dated 28 August,
+    1770 [Baker]. 'In the summer of this year [1770]
+    wrote an answer to Dr. Milles' remarks on my
+    "Richard the Third"' (<cite>Short Notes</cite>).</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<h4>1772.</h4>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Copies of Seven Original Letters from
+    King Edward VI. to Barnaby Fitzpatrick.
+    <i>Strawberry-Hill.</i> <i>Printed</i> in the Year
+    <i>M.DCC.LXXII</i>.</p>
+
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Pp. viii-14. 4to. 200 copies printed. '1771.
+    End of September, wrote the Advertisement to the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_314" id="Page_314">[314]</a></span>
+    "Letters of King Edward the Sixth"' (<cite>Short
+    Notes</cite>). 'I have printed "King Edward's Letters,"
+    and will bring you a copy' (<cite>Walpole to Mason</cite>,
+    6 July, 1772).</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Miscellaneous Antiquities; or, a Collection of
+    Curious Papers: either republished from
+    <em>scarce Tracts</em>, or now first printed from <em>original</em>
+    MSS. Number I. To be continued occasionally.
+    <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Invenies illic et festa domestica
+    vobis. Sæpe tibi Pater est, sæpe legendus
+    Avus.</i> Ovid. Fast. Lib. 1. <i>Strawberry-Hill:
+    Printed by Thomas Kirgate, M.DCC.LXXII.</i></p>
+
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Title, 'Advertisement,' pp. i-iv; Text, 1-48.
+    4to. 500 copies printed. 'I have since begun a
+    kind of Desiderata Curiosa, and intend to publish
+    it in numbers, as I get materials; it is to be an
+    Hospital of Foundlings; and though I shall not
+    take in all that offer, there will be no enquiry into
+    the nobility of the parents; nor shall I care how
+    heterogeneous the brats are' (<cite>Walpole to Mason</cite>,
+    6 July, 1772). 'By that time too I shall have the
+    first number of my "Miscellaneous Antiquities"
+    ready. The first essay is only a republication of
+    some tilts and tournaments' (<cite>Walpole to Mason</cite>,
+    21 July, 1772).</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Miscellaneous Antiquities; or, a Collection of
+    Curious Papers: either republished from
+    <em>scarce Tracts</em>, or now first printed from <em>original</em>
+    MSS. Number II. To be continued
+    occasionally. <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Invenies illic et festa domestica<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_315" id="Page_315">[315]</a></span>
+    vobis. Sæpe tibi Pater est, sæpe legendus
+    Avus.</i> Ovid. Fast. Lib. i. <i>Strawberry-Hill:
+    Printed by Thomas Kirgate</i>,
+    M.DCC.LXXII.</p>
+
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Title and Text, pp. 1-62. 500 copies printed.
+    'In July [1772] wrote the "Life of Sir Thomas
+    Wyat [the Elder]," No. II. of my edition of "Miscellaneous
+    Antiquities"' (<cite>Short Notes</cite>).</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Memoires du Comte de Grammont, par Monsieur
+    le Comte Antoine Hamilton. Nouvelle
+    Edition, augmentée de Notes &amp; d'Eclaircissemens,
+    necessaires, par M. Horace Walpole.
+    <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Des gens qui écrivent pour le Comte de Grammont,
+    peuvent compter sur quelque indulgence.</i>
+    V. l'Epitre prelim. p. xviii. <i>Imprimée à
+    Strawberry-Hill, M.DCC.LXXII.</i></p>
+
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Title, Dedication, 'Avis de L'Editeur,' 'Avertissement,'
+    'Epitre à Monsieur le Comte de Grammont,'
+    'Table des Chapitres,' 'Errata,' pp. xxiv;
+    Text, pp. 1-290: 'Table des personnes,' 3 pp. Portraits
+    of Hamilton, Mdlle. d'Hamilton, and Philibert
+    Comte de Grammont. 4to. 100 copies printed; 30
+    went to Paris. It was dedicated to Madame du
+    Deffand, as follows: '<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">L'Editeur vous consacre
+    cette Edition, comme un monument de son Amitié, de
+    son Admiration, &amp; de son Respect; à Vous, dont les
+    Grâces, l'Esprit, &amp; le Goût retracent au siecle présent
+    le siecle de Louis quatorze &amp; les agremens de
+    l'Auteur de ces Mémoires.</i>' 'I want to send you
+    these [the <cite>Miscellaneous Antiquities</cite>] ... and a
+    "Grammont," of which I have printed only a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_316" id="Page_316">[316]</a></span>
+    hundred copies, and which will be extremely
+    scarce, as twenty-five copies are gone to France'
+    (<cite>Walpole to Cole</cite>, 8 Jan., 1773).</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<h4>1774.</h4>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>A Description of the Villa of Horace Walpole.
+    [Plate of Strawberry Hill.] A Description
+    of the Villa of Horace Walpole, youngest son
+    of Sir Robert Walpole Earl of Orford, at
+    Strawberry-Hill, near Twickenham. With
+    an Inventory of the Furniture, Pictures, Curiosities,
+    &amp;c. <i>Strawberry-Hill: Printed by
+    Thomas Kirgate</i>, M.DCC.LXXIV.</p>
+
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Two titles; Text, pp. 1-119. 4to. 100 copies
+    printed, 6 on large paper. Many copies have the
+    following: 'Appendix. Pictures and Curiosities
+    added since the Catalogue was printed,' pp. 121-145;
+    'List of the Books printed at Strawberry-Hill,'
+    unpaged; 'Additions since the Appendix,' pp.
+    149-152; 'More Additions,' pp. 153-158. Baker
+    speaks of an earlier issue of 65 pp. which we have
+    not met with. Lowndes (<cite>Appendix to Bibliographer's
+    Manual</cite>, 1864, p. 239) states that it was said by
+    Kirgate to have been used by the servants in showing
+    the house, and differed entirely from the
+    editions of 1774 and 1784.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<h4>1775.</h4>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>To Mrs. Crewe. [Verses by Charles James
+    Fox.] N.D.</p>
+
+    <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_317" id="Page_317">[317]</a></span></p>
+
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Pp. 2. Single leaf. 4to. 300 copies printed. Walpole
+    speaks of these in a letter to Mason dated 12
+    June, 1774; and he sends a copy of them to him,
+    27 May, 1775. Mrs. Crewe, the Amoret addressed,
+    was the daughter of Fulke Greville, and the wife
+    of J. Crewe. She was painted by Reynolds as an
+    Alpine shepherdess.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Dorinda, a Town Eclogue. [By the Hon.
+    Richard Fitzpatrick, brother of the Earl of
+    Ossory.] [Plate of Strawberry Hill.] <i>Strawberry-Hill:
+    Printed by Thomas Kirgate.
+    M.DCC.LXXV.</i></p>
+
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Title; Text, 3-8. 4to. 300 copies printed. 'I
+    shall send you soon Fitzpatrick's "Town Eclogue,"
+    from my own furnace. The verses are charmingly
+    smooth and easy....' 'P.S. Here is the
+    Eclogue' (<cite>Letter to Mason</cite>, 12 June, 1774).</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<h4>1778.</h4>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>The Sleep-Walker, a Comedy: in two Acts.
+    Translated from the French [of Antoine de
+    Ferriol, Comte de Pont de Veyle], in March,
+    M.DCC.LXXVIII. [By Elizabeth Lady
+    Craven, afterwards Margravine of Anspach.]
+    <i>Strawberry-Hill: Printed by T. Kirgate,
+    M.DCC.LXXVIII.</i></p>
+
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Title, Quatrain, Prologue, Epilogue, Persons, pp.
+    i-viii; Text, 1-56. 8vo. 75 copies printed. The
+    quatrain is by Walpole to Lady Craven, 'on her
+    Translation of the Somnambule.' 'I will send ...
+    for yourself a translation of a French play.... It<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_318" id="Page_318">[318]</a></span>
+    is not for your reading, but as one of the Strawberry
+    editions, and one of the rarest; for I have
+    printed but seventy-five copies. It was to oblige
+    Lady Craven, the translatress ...' (<cite>Walpole to
+    Cole</cite>, 22 Aug., 1778).</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<h4>1779.</h4>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>A Letter to the Editor of the Miscellanies of
+    Thomas Chatterton. <i>Strawberry-Hill: Printed
+    by T. Kirgate</i>, M.DCC.LXXIX.</p>
+
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Half-title; Title; Text, pp. 1-55. The letter is
+    dated at end: 'May 23, 1778.' 8vo. 200 copies
+    printed. '1779. In the preceding autumn had
+    written a defence of myself against the unjust
+    aspersions in the Preface to the Miscellanies of
+    Chatterton. Printed 200 copies at Strawberry
+    Hill this January, and gave them away. It was
+    much enlarged from what I had written in July'
+    (<cite>Short Notes</cite>).</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<h4>1780.</h4>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>To the Lady Horatia Waldegrave, on the
+    Death of the Duke of Ancaster. [Verses by
+    Mr. Charles Miller.] N. D.</p>
+
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Pp. 3, dated at end 'A.D. 1779.' 4to. 150 copies
+    printed. 'I enclose a copy of verses, which I have
+    just printed at Strawberry, only a few copies, and
+    which I hope you will think pretty. They were
+    written three months ago by Mr. Charles Miller,
+    brother of Sir John, on seeing Lady Horatia at
+    Nuneham. The poor girl is better' (<cite>Walpole to
+    Lady Ossory</cite>, 29 Jan., 1780). Lady Horatia<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_319" id="Page_319">[319]</a></span>
+    Waldegrave was to have been married to the Duke
+    of Ancaster, who died in 1779.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<h4>1781.</h4>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>The Muse recalled, an Ode, occasioned by the
+    Nuptials of Lord Viscount Althorp and Miss
+    Lavinia Bingham, eldest daughter of Charles
+    Lord Lucan, March vi., M.DCC.LXXXI.
+    By William Jones, Esq. [afterwards Sir
+    William Jones]. <i>Strawberry-Hill: Printed by
+    Thomas Kirgate, M.DCC.LXXXI.</i></p>
+
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Title; pp. 1-8. 4to. 250 copies printed. There
+    is a well-known portrait of Lavinia Bingham by
+    Reynolds, in which she wears a straw hat with a
+    blue ribbon.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>A Letter from the Honourable Thomas Walpole,
+    to the Governor and Committee of the
+    Treasury of the Bank of England. <i>Strawberry-Hill:
+    Printed by Thomas Kirgate,
+    M.DCC.LXXXI.</i></p>
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Title, and pp. 16 (last blank). 4to. 120 copies
+    printed.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<h4>1784.</h4>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>A Description of the Villa of Mr. Horace
+    Walpole, youngest son of Sir Robert Walpole
+    Earl of Orford, at Strawberry-Hill near
+    Twickenham, Middlesex. With an Inventory
+    of the Furniture, Pictures, Curiosities,
+    &amp;c. <i>Strawberry-Hill: Printed by Thomas
+    Kirgate, M.DCC.LXXXIV.</i></p>
+
+    <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_320" id="Page_320">[320]</a></span></p>
+
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Title; 'Preface.' i-iv; Text, pp. 1-88. 'Errata,
+    etc.,' 'Appendix,' pp. 89-92; 'Curiosities added,'
+    etc., 93-4; 'More Additions,' 95-6. 27 plates.
+    4to. 200 copies printed. 'The next time he [Sir
+    Horace Mann's nephew] visits you, I may be able
+    to send you a description of my <em>Galleria</em>,&mdash;I have
+    long been preparing it, and it is almost finished,&mdash;with
+    some prints, which, however, I doubt, will
+    convey no very adequate idea of it' (<cite>Walpole to
+    Mann</cite>, 30 Sept., 1784). 'In the list for which
+    Lord Ossory asks, is the Description of this place;
+    now, though printed, I have entirely kept it up
+    [i. e., <em>held it back</em>], and mean to do so while I live'
+    (<cite>Walpole to Lady Ossory</cite>, 15 Sept., 1787).</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<h4>1785.</h4>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Hieroglyphic Tales. <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Schah Baham ne comprenoit
+    jamais bien que les choses absurdes &amp; hors
+    de toute vraisemblance.</i> Le Sopha, p. 5.
+    <i>Strawberry-Hill: Printed by T. Kirgate,
+    M.DCC.LXXXV.</i></p>
+
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Title; 'Preface,' iii-ix; Text, pp. 50; 'Postscript.'
+    8vo. Walpole's own MS. note in the
+    Dyce example says, 'Only six copies of this were
+    printed, besides the revised copy.' '1772. This
+    year, the last, and sometime before, wrote some
+    Hieroglyphic Tales. There are only five' (<cite>Short
+    Notes</cite>). 'I have some strange things in my drawer,
+    even wilder than the 'Castle of Otranto,' and called
+    'Hieroglyphic Tales;' but they were not written
+    lately, nor in the gout, nor, whatever they may
+    seem, written when I was out of my senses' (<cite>Wal<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_321" id="Page_321">[321]</a></span>pole
+    to Cole</cite>, 28 Jan., 1779), 'This [he is speaking
+    of Darwin's <cite>Botanic Garden</cite>] is only the Second
+    Part; for, like my King's eldest daughter in the
+    'Hieroglyphic Tales,' the First Part is not born
+    yet: no matter' (<cite>Walpole to the Miss Berrys</cite>, 28
+    April, 1789). In 1822, the <cite>Hieroglyphic Tales</cite> were
+    reprinted at Newcastle for Emerson Charnley.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+    <p>Essay on Modern Gardening, by Mr. Horace
+    Walpole. [Strawberry Hill Bookplate.] Essai
+    sur l'Art des Jardins Modernes, par M.
+    Horace Walpole, traduit en François by M.
+    le Duc de Nivernois, en MDCCLXXXIV.
+    <i>Imprimé à Strawberry-Hill, par T. Kirgate</i>,
+    MDCCLXXXV.</p>
+
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Two titles; English and French Text on opposite
+    pages, 1-94. 4to. 400 copies printed.
+    'How may I send you a new book printed here?...
+    It is the translation of my 'Essay on Modern
+    Gardens' by the Duc de Nivernois.... You will
+    find it a most beautiful piece of French, of the
+    genuine French spoken by the Duc de la Rochefoucault
+    and Madame de Sévigné, and not the
+    metaphysical galimatias of La Harpe and Thomas,
+    &amp;c., which Madame du Deffand protested she did
+    not understand. The versions of Milton and Pope
+    are wonderfully exact and poetic and elegant, and
+    the fidelity of the whole translation, extraordinary'
+    (<cite>Walpole to Lady Ossory</cite>, 17 Sept., 1785). The
+    original MS. of the Duc de Nivernois&mdash;'a most
+    exquisite specimen of penmanship'&mdash;was among
+    the papers at Strawberry.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_322" id="Page_322">[322]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<h4>1789.</h4>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Bishop Bonner's Ghost. [By Hannah More.]
+    [Plate of Strawberry Hill.] <i>Strawberry-Hill:
+    Printed by Thomas Kirgate,
+    MDCCLXXXIX.</i></p>
+
+    <div class="blockquot">
+
+    <p>Title and argument, 2 leaves; Text, pp. 1-4.
+    4to. 96 copies printed, 2 on brown paper, one of
+    which was at Strawberry. It was written when
+    Hannah More ('my <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">imprimée</i>,' as Walpole calls
+    her) was on a visit to Dr. Beilby Porteus, Bishop
+    of London, at his palace at Fulham, June, 1789.
+    'I will forgive all your enormities if you will let
+    me print your poem. I like to filch a little immortality
+    out of others, and the Strawberry press could
+    never have a better opportunity' (<cite>Walpole to
+    Hannah More</cite>, 23 June, 1789). 'The enclosed
+    copy of verses pleased me so much, that, though
+    not intended for publication, I prevailed on the
+    authoress, Miss Hannah More, to allow me to take
+    off a small number.' ... 'I have been disappointed
+    of the completion of "Bonner's Ghost,"
+    by my rolling press being out of order, and was
+    forced to send the whole impression to town to
+    have the copper-plate taken off.... Kirgate has
+    brought the whole impression, and I shall have the
+    pleasure of sending your Ladyship this with a
+    "Bonner's Ghost" to-morrow morning' (<cite>Walpole
+    to Lady Ossory</cite>, 16-18 July, 1789).</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+<p>The History of Alcidalis and Zelida. A tale of
+the Fourteenth Century. [By Vincent
+de Voiture.] <i>Printed at Strawberry-Hill.
+MDCCLXXXIX.</i></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_323" id="Page_323">[323]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+<p>Title; Text, pp. 3-96. 8vo. This is a translation
+of Voiture's unfinished <cite>Histoire d'Alcidalis et
+de Zelide</cite>. (See <cite>Nouvelles Œuvres de Monsieur de
+Voiture. Nouvelle Edition. A Paris, Chez Louis
+Bilaine, au Palais, au second Pilier de la grand'
+Salle, à la Palme &amp; au Grand Cesar</cite>, MDCLXXII.)
+There is a copy in the Dyce Collection. Another
+was sold in 1823 with the books of John Trotter
+Brockett, in whose catalogue it was said to be
+'surreptitiously printed.' Kirgate had a copy,
+although Baker does not mention it.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+
+<h4>Doubtful Date.</h4>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+<p>Verses sent to Lady Charles Spencer [Mary
+Beauclerc, daughter of Lord Vere, and wife
+of Lord Charles Spencer] with a painted
+Taffety, occasioned by saying she was low
+in Pocket and could not buy a new Gown.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+<p>Single leaf. Baker says these were by Anna
+Chamber, Countess Temple.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+
+<p>Besides the above, Walpole printed at his press
+in 1770 vols. i. and ii. of a 4to edition of
+his works.</p></div>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_324" id="Page_324">[324]</a></span></p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_325" id="Page_325">[325]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<h2>INDEX</h2>
+</div>
+
+<ul class="index">
+
+<li class="ifrst">A.</li>
+
+<li class="indx"><cite>Ædes Walpolianæ</cite>, the, <a href="#Page_75">75-77</a>, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Amelia, the Princess, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">American Colonies, the war with the, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx"><cite>An Account of the Giants</cite>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx"><cite>Anecdotes of Painting</cite>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>, <a href="#Page_241">241</a>, <a href="#Page_295">295</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Ashe, Miss, <a href="#Page_127">127-130</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Ashton, Thomas, <a href="#Page_16">16-19</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>.</li>
+
+
+<li class="ifrst">B.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Balmerino, Lord, trial and execution of, <a href="#Page_93">93-97</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Beauclerk, Lady Diana, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx"><cite>Beauties, The</cite>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Beauty Room, the, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Benedict XIV., Pope, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Bentley, Richard, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>, <a href="#Page_224">224</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Berry, the Misses Mary and Agnes, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a>, <a href="#Page_259">259-263</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Bland, Henry, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Bologna, visited by Walpole, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Bracegirdle, Anne, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Burnet, Bishop Gilbert, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_175">175</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Burney, Frances, <a href="#Page_193">193</a>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Byng, Admiral, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>.</li>
+
+
+<li class="ifrst">C.</li>
+
+<li class="indx"><cite>Castle of Otranto, The</cite>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx"><cite>Catalogue of Engravers</cite>, <a href="#Page_155">155</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx"><cite>Catalogue of Royal and Noble Authors</cite>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_149">149-152</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx"><cite>Catalogue of Strawberry Hill</cite>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Charles X. (Comte d'Artois), <a href="#Page_172">172</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Chartreuse, La Grande, visited by Walpole and Gray, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Chartreux, Convent of the, described by Walpole, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Chatterton, Thomas, <a href="#Page_196">196-200</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his <cite>Letters</cite> parodied by Walpole, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Choiseul, Madame la Duchesse de, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Christopher Inn, the, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Chudleigh, Elizabeth, Duchess of Kingston, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Churchill, Lady Mary (Maria), <a href="#Page_49">49</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Chute, John, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Clement XII., Pope, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Clinton, Henry, Earl of Lincoln, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Clive, Kitty, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1"><i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">bon mot</i> of, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_326" id="Page_326">[326]</a></span></li>
+<li class="isub1">allusions to, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">death of, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Cocchi, Dr. Antonio, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Coke, Lady Mary, <a href="#Page_169">169</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Cole, William, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Congreve, William, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Conway, Henry, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>, <a href="#Page_201">201</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Cope, Gen. Sir John, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Crawford, James, <a href="#Page_179">179</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Culloden Moor, the battle of, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Cumberland, William, Duke of, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Cunningham, Peter, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his account of a drive with Walpole, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his specimens of Walpole's letters, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">quoted, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>.</li>
+
+
+<li class="ifrst">D.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Damer, Anna (Miss Conway), <a href="#Page_203">203</a>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Deffand, Madame du (Marie de Vichy-Chamrond), <a href="#Page_177">177</a>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">Walpole's first impression of, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">her conquest of Walpole, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">Walpole's letter to Gray concerning, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_179">179</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">her fondness for Walpole, <a href="#Page_179">179</a>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">the episode of the snuff-box, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">Walpole's second visit to, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">death of, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">Walpole's letters to, <a href="#Page_248">248</a>, <a href="#Page_249">249</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">Walpole's adieu to, <a href="#Page_251">251</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">will of, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx"><cite>Delenda est Oxonia</cite>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Dodington, Bubb, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Dryden, John, imitated by Walpole, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">claimed as great-uncle by Catherine Shorter, <a href="#Page_210">210</a>.</li>
+
+
+<li class="ifrst">E.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Easton Neston (Northamptonshire), <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx"><cite>Epitaphium Vivi Auctoris</cite>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Eton College, <a href="#Page_11">11-17</a>.</li>
+
+
+<li class="ifrst">F.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Falkirk, the battle of, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Fielding, Henry, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Fielding, William, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Florence, visited by Walpole and Gray, <a href="#Page_43">43-45</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Fontenoy, the battle of, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Foote, Samuel, <a href="#Page_173">173</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Forcalquier, Madame de, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Fortescue, Lucy, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Fox, Charles James, his verses on Mrs. Crewe, <a href="#Page_240">240</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Francklin, Richard, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Fraser, Simon, Lord Lovat, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Frederick, Prince of Wales. (<em>See</em> Wales.)</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Freethinking in France, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">French court, presentation of Walpole at the, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a>.</li>
+
+
+<li class="ifrst">G.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Garrick, David, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Genlis, Stéphanie Félicité, Madame de, <a href="#Page_173">173</a>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Geoffrin, Madame, <a href="#Page_175">175</a>, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">George I., Walpole's visit to, <a href="#Page_8">8-10</a>;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_327" id="Page_327">[327]</a></span></li>
+<li class="isub1">the story of the raven, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.</li>
+<li class="isub1">(<em>See</em> Reminiscences.)</li>
+
+<li class="indx">George II., <a href="#Page_63">63</a>. (<em>See</em> Reminiscences.)</li>
+
+<li class="indx">George III. (<em>See</em> Memoirs.)</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Goldsmith, Oliver, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">Walpole's contempt for, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Gordon Riots, the, <a href="#Page_253">253</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Granby, Lord, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Gray, Thomas, at Eton, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">travels with Walpole, <a href="#Page_29">29-32</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">Versailles described by, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">at Rheims, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">at Lyons, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">at La Grande Chartreuse, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">in Italy, <a href="#Page_40">40-44</a>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his misunderstanding with Walpole, <a href="#Page_52">52-55</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">subsequent reconciliation, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">praises Walpole's verse, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">quoted, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30-34</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>, <a href="#Page_219">219</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">resumes his intimacy with Walpole, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">visits Strawberry Hill, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his indebtedness to Walpole, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his Elegy published by Dodsley, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">the <cite>Poemata-Grayo-Bentleiana</cite>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">publication of the <cite>Odes</cite> at Strawberry Hill, <a href="#Page_142">142-148</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">detects the Rowley forgeries, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">portrait of, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">Walpole's relations with, <a href="#Page_285">285</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Grenville, George, <a href="#Page_290">290</a>.</li>
+
+
+<li class="ifrst">H.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Harrison, Audrey, Lady Townshend, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Hawkins, Miss, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">her description of Walpole, <a href="#Page_277">277-279</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Hénault, Charles-Jean-François, President, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Hervey, Baron, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">said to be Walpole's father, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Hervey, Lady, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>, <a href="#Page_175">175</a>, <a href="#Page_201">201</a>, <a href="#Page_224">224</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Hill, Robert, the learned tailor, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx"><cite>Historic Doubts on Richard III.</cite>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a>, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Hogarth, William, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Houghton, the seat of the Walpoles, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">the Houghton pictures sold to Catherine of Russia, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">Walpole buried at, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Hume, David, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>, <a href="#Page_181">181-185</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Hyde Park, robbers in, <a href="#Page_125">125</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>.</li>
+
+
+<li class="ifrst">I.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Inn, the Christopher, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx"><cite>Inscription for the Neglected Column</cite>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>.</li>
+
+
+<li class="ifrst">J.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Jennings, Frances, Duchess of Tyrconnell, anecdote of, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">head of, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Jenyns, Soame, quoted, <a href="#Page_127">127</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Jephson, Capt. Robert, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Johnson, Samuel, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a>.</li>
+
+
+<li class="ifrst">K.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Kendal, the Duchess of, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>, <a href="#Page_287">287</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Ker, Lord Robert, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_328" id="Page_328">[328]</a></span></li>
+
+<li class="indx">Kilmarnock, Earl, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">trial and execution of, <a href="#Page_93">93-98</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">King's College, Cambridge, <a href="#Page_18">18-20</a>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Kirgate, Thomas, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>.</li>
+
+
+<li class="ifrst">L.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Lens, Bernard, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx"><cite>Lessons for the Day</cite>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx"><cite>Letter from Xo Ho</cite>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>, <a href="#Page_295">295</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Louis XVI. (Duc de Berry), <a href="#Page_172">172</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Louis XVIII. (Comte de Provence), <a href="#Page_172">172</a>.</li>
+
+
+<li class="ifrst">M.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Macaulay, Lord, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">reviews Lord Dover's edition of Walpole's letters to Mann, <a href="#Page_271">271-273</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">letters to Hannah Macaulay quoted, <a href="#Page_271">271</a>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">Lady Holland irritated by, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his opinion of Walpole, <a href="#Page_273">273-275</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">McLean, James, robs Walpole, <a href="#Page_125">125</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">is imprisoned, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">becomes a fashionable lion, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">is executed, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Mann, Sir Horace, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_201">201</a>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">death of, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">Walpole's affection for, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Mason, Rev. William, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx"><cite>Memoirs of the Reign of King George III.</cite>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>, <a href="#Page_292">292</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Middleton, Dr. Conyers, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">praises Walpole's attainments, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Montagu, Lieut.-Gen. Charles, K. C. B., <a href="#Page_14">14</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Montagu, Brig-Gen. Edward, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Montagu, George, M. P., <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>, <a href="#Page_201">201</a>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">described by Walpole, <a href="#Page_49">49-51</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">quoted, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Mont Cenis, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Moore, Edward, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">More, Hannah, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Müntz (German artist), <a href="#Page_138">138</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>, <a href="#Page_210">210</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx"><cite>Mysterious Mother, The</cite>, <a href="#Page_190">190-193</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">Byron's praise of, <a href="#Page_193">193</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">printed at the Strawberry Hill Press, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">illustrated by Lady Di. Beauclerk, <a href="#Page_243">243</a>.</li>
+
+
+<li class="ifrst">N.</li>
+
+<li class="indx"><cite>Nature will Prevail</cite>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Neale, Betty, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Neuhoff, Baron ('Theodore, King of Corsica'), <a href="#Page_132">132</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Nolkejumskoi. (<em>See</em> Cumberland, William, Duke of.)</li>
+
+
+<li class="ifrst">O.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Officina Arbuteana. (<em>See</em> Strawberry Hill.)</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Orford, George, third Earl of (nephew of Horace Walpole), <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a>, <a href="#Page_263">263</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Orford, Horace, fourth Earl of. (<em>See</em> Walpole, Horace.)</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Orford, Robert, first Earl of. (<em>See</em> Walpole, Sir Robert.)</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Orford, Robert, second Earl of. (<em>See</em> Walpole, Robert.)</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Ossory, Lady, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">letters of Walpole to, <a href="#Page_207">207</a>, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a>, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</li>
+
+
+<li class="ifrst">P.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_329" id="Page_329">[329]</a></span></li>
+
+<li class="indx">Paris, Walpole's first visit to, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">state of society in, <a href="#Page_166">166-168</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">second visit to, <a href="#Page_169">169</a>, <a href="#Page_173">173-181</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">third visit to, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">fourth visit to, <a href="#Page_249">249</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx"><cite>Parish Register of Twickenham, The</cite>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Parodies by Walpole, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Patapan, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Petersham, Lady Caroline, <a href="#Page_127">127-130</a>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Picture Gallery at Houghton, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Pinkerton, John, his <cite>Walpoliana</cite> quoted, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">a favourite of Walpole, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his description of Walpole, <a href="#Page_279">279-282</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Pomfret, Lady, <a href="#Page_47">47-50</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Pope, Alexander, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Preston Pans, the battle of, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Prévost d'Exiles, M. l'Abbé Antoine-François, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Prior, Matthew, criticised by Walpole, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Pulteney, William, Earl of Bath, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_151">151</a>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>.</li>
+
+
+<li class="ifrst">Q.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Quadruple Alliance, the, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">ended, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Queensberry, the Duke of, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Quinault, Jeanne-Françoise, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>.</li>
+
+
+<li class="ifrst">R.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Radnor, Lord, his Chinese summer-house, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Ranelagh Gardens, the, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx"><cite>Reminiscences of the Courts of George the I. and II.</cite>, written for the Misses Berry, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Reynolds, Sir Joshua, <a href="#Page_241">241</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Richardson, Samuel, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Robinson, William, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Rochford, Lady, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">sham letter from Frederick the Great to, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">anger of, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his quarrel with Hume, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>.</li>
+
+
+<li class="ifrst">S.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Saint-Cyr, Walpole's visit to, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Saunderson, Professor Nicholas, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Scott, Samuel, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Scott, Sir Walter, his study of the <cite>Castle of Otranto</cite>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Selwyn, George Augustus, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx"><cite>Sermon on Painting, The</cite>, <a href="#Page_71">71-76</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Shenstone, William, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Shirley, Lady Fanny, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Shirley, the Hon. Sewallis, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Shorter, Catherine (Lady Walpole), <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_210">210</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">death of, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">burial of, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">Dryden claimed as great-uncle to, <a href="#Page_210">210</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Shorter, Sir John, Lord Mayor of London, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx"><cite>Short Notes</cite>, Walpole's, quoted, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Skerret, Maria, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_210">210</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Smollett, Tobias, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Spence, Professor Joseph, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Sterne, Laurence, <a href="#Page_173">173</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Strawberry Hill (Twickenham), Walpole removes to, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_330" id="Page_330">[330]</a></span></li>
+<li class="isub1">description of, <a href="#Page_107">107-124</a>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">previous tenants of, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">additions to, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">the Gothic castle at, <a href="#Page_113">113-119</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">views executed by Müntz, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">private printing-press at, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">described by William Robinson, <a href="#Page_146">146-148</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">works published at the Officina Arbuteana, <a href="#Page_149">149-151</a> (<em>see</em> Appendix), <a href="#Page_152">152</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1"><cite>Description of the Villa at</cite>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>, <a href="#Page_201">201</a>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">fêtes at, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">ground plan of the villa at, <a href="#Page_208">208</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">China Closet and China Room at, <a href="#Page_210">210</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">the Yellow Bedchamber (Beauty Room), <a href="#Page_211">211</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">Breakfast Room, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">plan of principal floor, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">Green Closet, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">Library, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">Blue Bedchamber, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">Armoury, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">the Red Bedchamber, <a href="#Page_216">216</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">the Holbein Chamber, <a href="#Page_216">216</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">the Star Chamber, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">the Gallery, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">the Round Tower, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">the Cabinet (Tribune), <a href="#Page_220">220</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">collection of rarities, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">the Great North Bedchamber, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">the Great Cloister, <a href="#Page_223">223</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">the Chapel, <a href="#Page_223">223</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">the Flower Garden, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>, <a href="#Page_224">224</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">Gothicism of the villa, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">bequeathed to Mrs. Damer, <a href="#Page_270">270</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">subsequent disposal of, <a href="#Page_270">270</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Stuart, Prince Charles Edward (the Chevalier), his descent on Scotland, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">temporary success of, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">escape of, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Stuart, Lady Louisa, her <cite>Introductory Anecdotes</cite> quoted, <a href="#Page_14">14-16</a>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Suffolk, the Countess of (Mrs. Howard), <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a>, <a href="#Page_201">201</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Swift, Jonathan, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>.</li>
+
+
+<li class="ifrst">T.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Townshend, Charles, Viscount, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Townshend, Lady. (<em>See</em> Harrison, Audrey.)</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Tragedy in England, Walpole's opinion of, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Triumvirate, the, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Twickenham. (See Strawberry Hill.)</li>
+
+
+<li class="ifrst">V.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Vane, Henry, Earl of Darlington, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Vauxhall, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_128">128-131</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Versailles, visited by Walpole, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171-173</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx"><cite>Verses on the Suppression of the Late Rebellion</cite>, <a href="#Page_98">98-100</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Vertue, George, the engraver, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Voltaire, François-Marie-Arouet de, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>.</li>
+
+
+<li class="ifrst">W.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Wales, Frederick, Prince of, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">composes a <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">chanson</i> on the battle of Fontenoy, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">wins £800 from Lord Granby, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Walpol, Sir Henry de, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Walpole, Dorothy, Lady Townshend, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_210">210</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Walpole, Sir Edward, Knight of the Bath, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_331" id="Page_331">[331]</a></span></li>
+
+<li class="indx">&mdash;&mdash;, Sir Edward (brother of Horace), <a href="#Page_100">100</a>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">the daughters of, <a href="#Page_203">203</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">death of, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">&mdash;&mdash;, George (third Earl of Orford), <a href="#Page_141">141</a>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">&mdash;&mdash;, Horace (Horatio), his ancestry, <a href="#Page_1">1-4</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">scandal regarding his birth, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">early childhood, <a href="#Page_5">5-10</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his visit to George I., <a href="#Page_9">9</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his appearance as a boy, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his school-days at Eton, <a href="#Page_11">11-17</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his scholarship, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his companions at Eton, <a href="#Page_13">13-16</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">enters Lincoln's Inn, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">enters King's College, Cambridge, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his university studies, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">the 'triumvirate,' <a href="#Page_19">19</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">the 'quadruple alliance,' <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">literary productions at Cambridge, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">appointed Inspector of Imports and Exports, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">becomes Usher of the Exchequer, Controller of the Pipe, and Clerk of the Estreats, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">leaves college, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">travels with Gray, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">visits France, <a href="#Page_30">30-39</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">in Switzerland, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">crosses the Alps, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">in Italy, <a href="#Page_41">41-56</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his description of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his misunderstanding with Gray, <a href="#Page_52">52-55</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his illness in Florence, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his return to England, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">becomes Member of Parliament for Callington, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">poetical <cite>Epistle to Thomas Ashton</cite>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">praised by Gray, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his letters to Mann, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his first speech in Parliament, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his <cite>Sermon on Painting</cite>, <a href="#Page_71">71-75</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">the <cite>Ædes Walpolianæ</cite>, <a href="#Page_75">75-77</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his parodies, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his paper against Lord Bath, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his father's death, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">receives legacy from his father, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his criticism of Mrs. Woffington and of Garrick, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">removes to Twickenham, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his <cite>Verses on the Suppression of the Late Rebellion</cite>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">epilogue to <cite>Tamerlane</cite>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">marriage of his sisters, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his criticism of Lady Orford, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his contributions to <cite>The Museum</cite>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his poem, <cite>The Beauties</cite>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">resides at Windsor, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his description of Strawberry Hill, <a href="#Page_107">107-120</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a> (<em>see</em> Strawberry Hill);</li>
+<li class="isub1">his papers in <cite>The Remembrancer</cite>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his tract, <cite>Delenda est Oxonia</cite>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">is robbed in Hyde Park, <a href="#Page_125">125</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his account of Vauxhall, <a href="#Page_128">128-131</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his papers in <cite>The World</cite>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his reconciliation with Gray, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his admiration of Gray's poetry, <a href="#Page_135">135-137</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">is chosen Member of Parliament for Castle Rising, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">for Lynn, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his <cite>Castle of Otranto</cite>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">publishes Gray's <cite>Odes</cite>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his <cite>Catalogue of Royal and Noble Authors</cite>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>, <a href="#Page_151">151</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his first <cite>Memoirs</cite>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his <cite>Letter from Xo Ho</cite>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>, <a href="#Page_295">295</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his other <cite>Catalogues</cite>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>, <a href="#Page_151">151</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">establishes the Officina Arbuteana, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his publications, <a href="#Page_149">149-151</a> (<em>see</em> Appendix), <a href="#Page_153">153</a>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his <cite>Catalogue of Engravers</cite>, <a href="#Page_155">155</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his <cite>Anecdotes of Painting</cite>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>, <a href="#Page_241">241</a>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a>;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_332" id="Page_332">[332]</a></span></li>
+<li class="isub1">his occasional pieces (<cite>The Magpie and her Brood</cite>, <cite>Dialogue between two Great Ladies</cite>, <cite>The Garland</cite>, <cite>The Parish Register</cite>), <a href="#Page_157">157</a>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his second visit to Paris, <a href="#Page_167">167-181</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">is presented to the royal family, <a href="#Page_171">171-173</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">sham letter to Rousseau, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">visits Bath, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his third visit to Paris, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his <cite>Account of the Giants</cite>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">begins his <cite>Memoirs of the Reign of George III.</cite>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">retires from Parliament, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his letters to the <cite>Public Advertiser</cite>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his <cite>Historic Doubts on Richard III.</cite>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his tragedy, <cite>The Mysterious Mother</cite>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his relations with Chatterton, <a href="#Page_196">196-200</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his fondness for his nieces, <a href="#Page_203">203</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his correspondence, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his minor writings, <a href="#Page_236">236-239</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his <cite>Nature will Prevail</cite>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his fourth visit to Paris, <a href="#Page_249">249</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his correspondence in French, <a href="#Page_248">248</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his farewell to Madame du Deffand, <a href="#Page_251">251</a>, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his acquaintance with Hannah More, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his friendship with the Misses Berry, <a href="#Page_259">259-263</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his <cite>Reminiscences</cite>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his <cite>Catalogue of Strawberry Hill</cite>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">succeeds his nephew as Earl of Orford, <a href="#Page_263">263</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his <cite>Epitaphium Vivi Auctoris</cite>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his last letter to Lady Ossory, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his death and burial, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">disposal of his estate, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">Lord Macaulay's criticism of, <a href="#Page_271">271-276</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">portraits and descriptions of, <a href="#Page_276">276-278</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">Pinkerton's reminiscences of, <a href="#Page_280">280-282</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">his character as a man, <a href="#Page_284">284-287</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">as a virtuoso, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>, <a href="#Page_289">289</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">as a politician, <a href="#Page_290">290-292</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">as an author, <a href="#Page_293">293</a>, <a href="#Page_294">294</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">&mdash;&mdash; of Walterton, Horatio, Baron, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_219">219</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">&mdash;&mdash;, Maria (Lady Waldegrave), <a href="#Page_203">203</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">&mdash;&mdash;, Lady Mary (Countess of Cholmondeley), <a href="#Page_67">67</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">&mdash;&mdash;, Reginald de, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">&mdash;&mdash;, Sir Robert (first Earl of Orford), ancestry of, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">first marriage of, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">second marriage of, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">decline of his political power, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">resigns the premiership, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">is created Earl of Orford, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">intrigues against Pulteney, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">prevents his own disgrace, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">death of, <a href="#Page_78">78-80</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">will of, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">&mdash;&mdash;, Robert (second Earl of Orford), <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">&mdash;&mdash;, Lady Robert (Countess of Orford), <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">death of, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">&mdash;&mdash;, Col. Robert, M. P., <a href="#Page_2">2</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">&mdash;&mdash;, William, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Walpoles of Houghton, pedigree of the, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">spelled Walpol, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx"><cite>Walpoliana</cite>, Pinkerton's, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279-282</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Walsingham, Melusina de Schulemberg, Countess of, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Wesley, John, Walpole's description of, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">West, Richard, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Whitehead, Paul, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Wilkes, John, <a href="#Page_173">173</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Williams, George James, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Williams, Sir Charles Hanbury, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">William Henry, Duke of Gloucester, marries Maria Walpole, <a href="#Page_203">203</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_333" id="Page_333">[333]</a></span></li>
+
+<li class="indx">Woffington, Margaret, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.</li>
+
+
+<li class="ifrst">X.</li>
+
+<li class="indx"><cite>Xo Ho, Letter of</cite>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>.</li>
+
+
+<li class="ifrst">Y.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Yarmouth, the Countess of (Madame de Walmoden), <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.</li>
+
+
+<li class="ifrst">Z.</li>
+
+<li class="indx">Zouch, Rev. Henry, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>;</li>
+<li class="isub1">Walpole's letters to, quoted, <a href="#Page_152">152-155</a>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a>.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> Another member for Castle Rising was Samuel Pepys,
+the Diarist.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> The name of <cite>Horatio</cite> I dislike. It is theatrical, and
+not English. I have, ever since I was a youth, written
+and subscribed <em>Horace</em>, an English name for an Englishman.
+In all my books (and perhaps you will think of the
+<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">numerosus Horatius</i>) I so spell my name.&mdash;<cite>Walpoliana</cite>,
+i. 62.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> It is also to be found asserted as a current story in
+the <cite>Note Books</cite> (unpublished) of the Duchess of Portland,
+the daughter of Edward Harley, second Earl of Oxford,
+and the 'noble, lovely little Peggy' of her father's friend
+and <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">protégé</i>, Matthew Prior.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> These, hereafter referred to as the <cite>Short Notes</cite>, are
+the chief authority for three parts of Walpole's not very
+eventful life. They were first published with the concluding
+series of his <cite>Letters to Sir Horace Mann</cite>, 2 vols.,
+1844, and are reprinted in Mr. Peter Cunningham's edition
+of the <cite>Correspondence</cite>, vol. i. (1857), pp. lxi-lxxvii.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_5_5" id="Footnote_5_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> Martin's <cite>Old Chelsea</cite>, 1889, p. 82; Beaver's <cite>Memorials
+of Old Chelsea</cite>, 1892, p. 291.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_6"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> Cunningham, v. 36, and ix. 519. The Duchess of
+Tyrconnell's portrait, copied by Milbourn from the original
+at Lord Spencer's, was one of the prominent ornaments
+of the Great Bedchamber at Strawberry Hill.
+(See <cite>A Description of the Villa</cite>, etc., 1774, p. 138.) There
+are some previously unpublished particulars respecting
+her as 'Mlle. Genins' in M. Jusserand's extremely interesting
+<cite>French Ambassador at the Court of Charles the Second</cite>,
+1892, pp. 153 <i>et seq.</i>, 170, 182.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_7_7" id="Footnote_7_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_7"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to the Miss Berrys</cite>, 5 March, 1791.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_8_8" id="Footnote_8_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_8"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> <cite>Reminiscences of the Courts of George the First and
+Second</cite>, in Cunningham's <cite>Corr.</cite>, i. xciii-xciv.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_9_9" id="Footnote_9_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9_9"><span class="label">[9]</span></a> The book referred to is a 'little lounging miscellany'
+of notes and anecdotes by John Pinkerton, and was
+printed, soon after Walpole's death, by Bensley, who lived
+in Johnson's old house, No. 8 Bolt Court. It requires to
+to be used with caution (see <cite>Quarterly Review</cite>, vol. lxxii.,
+No. cxliv.), and must not be confused with Lord Hardwicke's
+privately printed <cite>Walpoliana</cite>, which relate to Sir
+Robert Walpole.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_10_10" id="Footnote_10_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_10"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> This is quoted by Mr. Hayward and others as if the
+last words were Sir Robert Walpole's. But Lady Louisa
+Stuart says nothing to indicate this (Lady Mary Wortley
+Montagu's <cite>Letters</cite>, etc., 1887, i. xciii).</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_11_11" id="Footnote_11_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_11_11"><span class="label">[11]</span></a> <cite>Letter to Montagu</cite>, 6 May, 1736.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_12_12" id="Footnote_12_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_12_12"><span class="label">[12]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to Montagu.</cite> Cunningham, 1857, i. 15.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_13_13" id="Footnote_13_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_13_13"><span class="label">[13]</span></a> Mr. D.C. Tovey (<cite>Gray and his Friends</cite>, 1890, 3 n.)
+thinks that Ashton probably never preached at Eton
+before he was made Fellow, in December, 1745,&mdash;which
+would greatly advance the date of Walpole's communication.
+But it is cited here solely for its reminiscences of
+his school-days.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_14_14" id="Footnote_14_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_14_14"><span class="label">[14]</span></a> Saunderson had lost both his eyes in infancy from
+small-pox. This, however, did not prevent him from
+lecturing on Newton's <cite>Optics</cite>, and becoming Lucasian
+Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge. Another undergraduate
+who attended his lectures was Chesterfield. (See
+Letter to Jouneau, 12 Oct., 1712.) There is an interesting
+account of Saunderson by a former pupil, together
+with an excellent portrait, in the <cite>Gentleman's Magazine</cite>
+for September, 1754.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_15_15" id="Footnote_15_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_15_15"><span class="label">[15]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to Miss Berry</cite>, 16 Aug., 1796.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_16_16" id="Footnote_16_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_16_16"><span class="label">[16]</span></a> Indeed, she is given too much to allicholly and
+musing.&mdash;<cite>Merry Wives of Windsor</cite>, act i. sc. iv.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_17_17" id="Footnote_17_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_17_17"><span class="label">[17]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to Montagu</cite>, 30 May, 1736.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_18_18" id="Footnote_18_18"></a><a href="#FNanchor_18_18"><span class="label">[18]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to West</cite>, 17 Aug., 1736.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_19_19" id="Footnote_19_19"></a><a href="#FNanchor_19_19"><span class="label">[19]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to Montagu</cite>, 20 May, 1736.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_20_20" id="Footnote_20_20"></a><a href="#FNanchor_20_20"><span class="label">[20]</span></a> <cite>Notes and Queries</cite>, 2 Jan., 1869.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_21_21" id="Footnote_21_21"></a><a href="#FNanchor_21_21"><span class="label">[21]</span></a> Gray's <cite>Works</cite>, by Gosse, 1884, ii. 9.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_22_22" id="Footnote_22_22"></a><a href="#FNanchor_22_22"><span class="label">[22]</span></a> <cite>Account of my Conduct</cite>, etc., <cite>Works</cite>, 1798, ii. 363-70.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_23_23" id="Footnote_23_23"></a><a href="#FNanchor_23_23"><span class="label">[23]</span></a> Gray's <cite>Works</cite>, by Gosse, 1884, ii. 18-19.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_24_24" id="Footnote_24_24"></a><a href="#FNanchor_24_24"><span class="label">[24]</span></a> <cite>Gray to West</cite>, 22 May, 1739.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_25_25" id="Footnote_25_25"></a><a href="#FNanchor_25_25"><span class="label">[25]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to West</cite>, no date, 1739.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_26_26" id="Footnote_26_26"></a><a href="#FNanchor_26_26"><span class="label">[26]</span></a> <cite>Gray to West</cite>, 22 May, 1739.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_27_27" id="Footnote_27_27"></a><a href="#FNanchor_27_27"><span class="label">[27]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to West</cite>, no date, 1739.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_28_28" id="Footnote_28_28"></a><a href="#FNanchor_28_28"><span class="label">[28]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to West</cite>, 18 June, 1739.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_29_29" id="Footnote_29_29"></a><a href="#FNanchor_29_29"><span class="label">[29]</span></a> Gray's <cite>Works</cite>, by Gosse, 1884, ii. 30.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_30_30" id="Footnote_30_30"></a><a href="#FNanchor_30_30"><span class="label">[30]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to West</cite>, Sept. 28-2 Oct., 1739.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_31_31" id="Footnote_31_31"></a><a href="#FNanchor_31_31"><span class="label">[31]</span></a> Tory, however, was not <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">illachrymabilis</i>. He found
+his <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">vates sacer</i> in one Edward Burnaby Greene, once of
+Bennet College; and in referring to this, thirty-five
+years later, Walpole explains how Tory got his name.
+'His godmother was the widow of Alderman Parsons
+[Humphrey Parsons, of Goldsmith's 'black champagne'],
+who gave him at Paris to Lord Conway, and he to me'
+(<cite>Walpole to Cole</cite>, 10 Dec., 1775).</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_32_32" id="Footnote_32_32"></a><a href="#FNanchor_32_32"><span class="label">[32]</span></a> Spence's <cite>Anecdotes</cite>, by Singer, 2d ed., 1858, pp. 305-8.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_33_33" id="Footnote_33_33"></a><a href="#FNanchor_33_33"><span class="label">[33]</span></a> Jarchius has taken the trouble to give us a list of
+those clubs, or academies [i. e., <em>the academies of Italy</em>],
+which amount to five hundred and fifty, each distinguished
+by somewhat whimsical in the name. The academicians of
+Bologna, for instance, are divided into the Abbandonati,
+the Ausiosi, Ociosi, Arcadi, Confusi, Dubbiosi, etc. There
+are few of these who have not published their Transactions,
+and scarce a member who is not looked upon as the most
+famous man in the world, at home.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Goldsmith</span>, in <cite>The
+Bee</cite>, No. vi., for 10 November, 1759.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_34_34" id="Footnote_34_34"></a><a href="#FNanchor_34_34"><span class="label">[34]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to West</cite>, no date, 1739.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_35_35" id="Footnote_35_35"></a><a href="#FNanchor_35_35"><span class="label">[35]</span></a> Dr. Doran ('<cite>Mann</cite>' and <cite>Manners at the Court of
+Florence</cite>, 1876, i. 2) describes this connection as 'a distant
+cousinship.'</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_36_36" id="Footnote_36_36"></a><a href="#FNanchor_36_36"><span class="label">[36]</span></a> Shortly after Lady Walpole's death, Sir Robert Walpole
+married his mistress, Maria Skerret, who died 4 June,
+1738, leaving a daughter, Horace Walpole's half-sister,
+subsequently Lady Mary Churchill.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_37_37" id="Footnote_37_37"></a><a href="#FNanchor_37_37"><span class="label">[37]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to Conway</cite>, 25 September, 1740.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_38_38" id="Footnote_38_38"></a><a href="#FNanchor_38_38"><span class="label">[38]</span></a> <cite>Letters</cite>, etc., of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, ii. 325.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_39_39" id="Footnote_39_39"></a><a href="#FNanchor_39_39"><span class="label">[39]</span></a> <cite>Spence's Anecdotes</cite>, by Singer, 2nd edn., 1858, p. xxiii.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_40_40" id="Footnote_40_40"></a><a href="#FNanchor_40_40"><span class="label">[40]</span></a> This rests upon the authority of a shadowy Mr.
+Roberts of the Pell-office, who told it to Isaac Reed in
+1799, more than half a century after the event. The
+subject is discussed at some length, but of necessity inconclusively,
+by Mr. D. C. Tovey in his interesting <cite>Gray
+and his Friends</cite>, 1890. Mr. Tovey thinks that Ashton
+was obscurely connected with the quarrel.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_41_41" id="Footnote_41_41"></a><a href="#FNanchor_41_41"><span class="label">[41]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to Mason</cite>, 2 March, 1773. The letters to
+Mason were first printed in 1851 by Mitford. But Pinkerton,
+in the <cite>Walpoliana</cite>, i. 95, had reported much the same
+thing. 'The quarrel between Gray and me [Walpole]
+arose from his being too serious a companion. I had
+just broke loose from the restraints of the university, with
+as much money as I could spend, and I was willing to
+indulge myself. Gray was for antiquities, etc., while I was
+for perpetual balls and plays. The fault was mine.'</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_42_42" id="Footnote_42_42"></a><a href="#FNanchor_42_42"><span class="label">[42]</span></a> Juvenis, non tam generis nobilitate, ac paterni nominis
+gloriâ, quam ingenio, doctrinâ, et virtute propriâ
+illustris. Ille vero haud citius fere in patriam reversus
+est, quam de studiis meis, ut consuerat, familiariter per
+literas quærens, mihi ultro de copiâ suâ, quicquid ad argumenti
+mei rationem, aut libelli ornamentum pertineret,
+pro arbitrio meo utendum obtulit.&mdash;<cite>Pref. ad Germana
+quædam Antiq. Monumenta</cite>, etc., p. 6 (quoted in Mitford's
+<cite>Corr. of Walpole and Mason</cite>, 1851, i. x-xi).</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_43_43" id="Footnote_43_43"></a><a href="#FNanchor_43_43"><span class="label">[43]</span></a> Walpole's <cite>Works</cite>, 1798, i. 6.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_44_44" id="Footnote_44_44"></a><a href="#FNanchor_44_44"><span class="label">[44]</span></a> Gray's <cite>Works</cite>, by Gosse, 1884, ii. 221.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_45_45" id="Footnote_45_45"></a><a href="#FNanchor_45_45"><span class="label">[45]</span></a> Walpole's <cite>Works</cite>, 1798, i. 8-9.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_46_46" id="Footnote_46_46"></a><a href="#FNanchor_46_46"><span class="label">[46]</span></a> He gave this up at first, but afterwards, when his
+affairs became involved, reclaimed it (Cunningham's
+<cite>Corr.</cite>, i. 126 n.).</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_47_47" id="Footnote_47_47"></a><a href="#FNanchor_47_47"><span class="label">[47]</span></a> Patapan's portrait was painted by John Wootton,
+who illustrated Gay's <cite>Fables</cite> in 1727 with Kent. It hung
+in Walpole's bedroom at Strawberry, and now (1892)
+belongs to Lord Lifford. In 1743 Walpole wrote a Fable
+in imitation of La Fontaine, to which he gave the title of
+<cite>Patapan; or, the Little White Dog</cite>. It was never printed.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_48_48" id="Footnote_48_48"></a><a href="#FNanchor_48_48"><span class="label">[48]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to Chute</cite>, 20 August, 1743. Mr. John Chute
+was a friend whom Walpole had made at Florence, and
+with whom, as already stated in Chapter II., Gray had
+travelled when they parted company. Until, by the death
+of a brother, he succeeded to the estate called The Vyne,
+in Hampshire, he lived principally abroad. His portrait
+by Müntz, after Pompeio Battoni, hung over the door in
+Walpole's bedchamber at Strawberry Hill. An exhaustive
+<cite>History of The Vyne</cite> was published in 1888 by the late
+Mr. Chaloner W. Chute, at that time its possessor.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_49_49" id="Footnote_49_49"></a><a href="#FNanchor_49_49"><span class="label">[49]</span></a> Mr. Vertue the engraver made a very ingenious conjecture
+on this story; he supposes that Apelles did not
+draw a straight line, but the outline of a human figure,
+which not being correct, Protogenes drew a more correct
+figure within his; but that still not being perfect, Apelles
+drew a smaller and exactly proportioned one within both
+the former.&mdash;<cite>Walpole's note.</cite></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_50_50" id="Footnote_50_50"></a><a href="#FNanchor_50_50"><span class="label">[50]</span></a> Walpole's <cite>Works</cite>, 1798, ii. 229-30. The final quotation
+is from Martial.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_51_51" id="Footnote_51_51"></a><a href="#FNanchor_51_51"><span class="label">[51]</span></a> Ranby wrote a <cite>Narrative of the last Illness of the Earl
+of Orford</cite>, 1745, which provoked much controversy.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_52_52" id="Footnote_52_52"></a><a href="#FNanchor_52_52"><span class="label">[52]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to Mann</cite>, 15 April, 1745.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_53_53" id="Footnote_53_53"></a><a href="#FNanchor_53_53"><span class="label">[53]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to Mann</cite>, 26 May, 1742.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_54_54" id="Footnote_54_54"></a><a href="#FNanchor_54_54"><span class="label">[54]</span></a> According to Pinkerton, another anecdote connects
+Mrs. Bracegirdle with the Walpoles. 'Mr. Shorter, my
+mother's father [he makes Horace say], was walking
+down Norfolk Street in the Strand, to his house there,
+just before poor Mountfort the player was killed in that
+street, by assassins hired by Lord Mohun. This nobleman,
+lying in wait for his prey, came up and embraced Mr.
+Shorter by mistake, saying, 'Dear Mountfort!' It was
+fortunate that he was instantly undeceived, for Mr. Shorter
+had hardly reached his house before the murder took
+place' (<cite>Walpoliana</cite>, ii. 96). Mountfort, it will be remembered,
+owed his death to Mrs. Bracegirdle's liking for
+him.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_55_55" id="Footnote_55_55"></a><a href="#FNanchor_55_55"><span class="label">[55]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to Mann</cite>, 22 April, 1742.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_56_56" id="Footnote_56_56"></a><a href="#FNanchor_56_56"><span class="label">[56]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to Mann</cite>, 26 May, 1742.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_57_57" id="Footnote_57_57"></a><a href="#FNanchor_57_57"><span class="label">[57]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to Conway</cite>, 29 June, 1744.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_58_58" id="Footnote_58_58"></a><a href="#FNanchor_58_58"><span class="label">[58]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to Montagu</cite>, 17 Sept., 1745.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_59_59" id="Footnote_59_59"></a><a href="#FNanchor_59_59"><span class="label">[59]</span></a> Walpole later revised this verdict: 'General Cope
+was tried afterwards for his behaviour in this action, and
+it appeared very clearly that the Ministry, his inferior
+officers, and his troops, were greatly to blame; and that
+he did all he could, so ill-directed, so ill-supplied, and so
+ill-obeyed.'</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_60_60" id="Footnote_60_60"></a><a href="#FNanchor_60_60"><span class="label">[60]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to Mann</cite>, 27 Sept., 1745.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_61_61" id="Footnote_61_61"></a><a href="#FNanchor_61_61"><span class="label">[61]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to Mann</cite>, 25 April, 1746.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_62_62" id="Footnote_62_62"></a><a href="#FNanchor_62_62"><span class="label">[62]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to Mann</cite>, 1 Aug., 1746.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_63_63" id="Footnote_63_63"></a><a href="#FNanchor_63_63"><span class="label">[63]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to Mann</cite>, 21 August, 1746. Gray, who was
+at the trial, also mentions Balmerino, not so enthusiastically.
+'He is an old soldier-like man, of a vulgar manner
+and aspect, speaks the broadest Scotch, and shews an
+intrepidity, that some ascribe to real courage, and some
+to brandy' (<cite>Letter to Wharton</cite>, August). 'Old Balmerino,
+when he had read his paper to the people, pulled off his
+spectacles, spit upon his handkerchief, and wiped them
+clean for the use of his posterity; and that is the last page
+of his history' (<cite>Letter to Wharton</cite>, 11 Sept., 1746).</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_64_64" id="Footnote_64_64"></a><a href="#FNanchor_64_64"><span class="label">[64]</span></a> Walpole's <cite>Works</cite>, 1798, i. 25-7.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_65_65" id="Footnote_65_65"></a><a href="#FNanchor_65_65"><span class="label">[65]</span></a> Englefield, <i>i. e.</i> Englefield Green, in Berkshire, on the
+summit of Cooper's Hill, near Windsor, where Edward
+Walpole lived.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_66_66" id="Footnote_66_66"></a><a href="#FNanchor_66_66"><span class="label">[66]</span></a> Robert Walpole, second Earl of Orford, Horace
+Walpole's eldest brother, died in March, 1751.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_67_67" id="Footnote_67_67"></a><a href="#FNanchor_67_67"><span class="label">[67]</span></a> Walpole's <cite>Works</cite> 1798, i. 21-2.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_68_68" id="Footnote_68_68"></a><a href="#FNanchor_68_68"><span class="label">[68]</span></a> Writing to Walpole in March, 1751, Gray says: 'In
+the last volume [of <cite>Peregrine Pickle</cite>] is a character of Mr.
+Lyttleton [<i>sic</i>], under the name of "Gosling Scrag," and a
+parody of part of his Monody, under the notion of a Pastoral
+on the death of his grandmother' (<cite>Works</cite> by Gosse,
+1884, ii. 214).</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_69_69" id="Footnote_69_69"></a><a href="#FNanchor_69_69"><span class="label">[69]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to Mann</cite> 15 Sept., 1746.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_70_70" id="Footnote_70_70"></a><a href="#FNanchor_70_70"><span class="label">[70]</span></a> She was the sister of Pope's Mrs. Bertrand, an equally
+fashionable toy-woman at Bath. Her shop, according to
+an advertisement in the <cite>Daily Journal</cite> for May 24, 1733,
+was then 'against Suffolk Street, Charing Cross.' It is
+mentioned in Fielding's <cite>Amelia</cite>. When, in Bk. viii., ch. i.,
+Mr. Bondum the bailiff contrives to capture Captain
+Booth, it is by a false report that his Lady has been 'taken
+violently ill, and carried into Mrs. <em>Chenevix's</em> Toy-shop.'
+It is also mentioned in the Hon. Mrs. Osborne's <cite>Letters</cite>,
+1891, p. 73; and again by Walpole himself in the <cite>World</cite>
+for 19 Dec., 1754.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_71_71" id="Footnote_71_71"></a><a href="#FNanchor_71_71"><span class="label">[71]</span></a> This is slightly varied from ll. 29, 30, of Pope's fifth
+<cite>Moral Essay</cite> ('To Mr. Addison: Occasioned by his Dialogues
+on Medals').</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_72_72" id="Footnote_72_72"></a><a href="#FNanchor_72_72"><span class="label">[72]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to Conway</cite>, 8 June, 1747.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_73_73" id="Footnote_73_73"></a><a href="#FNanchor_73_73"><span class="label">[73]</span></a> In the Tribune (see chap. viii.) was a drawing by
+Mr. Bentley, representing two lovers in a church looking
+at the tombs of Abelard and Eloisa, and illustrating Pope's
+lines:&mdash;
+</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poetry"><div class="stanza">
+    <div class="verse">'If ever chance two wand'ring lovers brings</div>
+    <div class="verse">To Paraclete's white walls and silver springs,' etc.</div>
+</div></div></div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_74_74" id="Footnote_74_74"></a><a href="#FNanchor_74_74"><span class="label">[74]</span></a> The chiaroscuros of John Baptist Jackson, published
+at Venice in 1742. At this date he had returned to England,
+and was working in a paper-hanging manufactory
+at Battersea.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_75_75" id="Footnote_75_75"></a><a href="#FNanchor_75_75"><span class="label">[75]</span></a> Lord Radnor's fantastic house on the river, which
+Walpole nicknamed Mabland, came between Strawberry
+Hill and Pope's Villa, and is a conspicuous object in old
+views of Twickenham, notably in that, dated 1757, by
+Müntz, a Jersey artist for some time domiciled at Strawberry
+Hill (<em>see</em> p. <a href="#Page_138">138</a>). It was in the garden of Radnor
+House that Pope first met Warburton.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_76_76" id="Footnote_76_76"></a><a href="#FNanchor_76_76"><span class="label">[76]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to Mann</cite>, 12 June, 1753.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_77_77" id="Footnote_77_77"></a><a href="#FNanchor_77_77"><span class="label">[77]</span></a> The version here followed is that given in <cite>A Description
+of the Villa</cite>, etc., 1774, pp. 117-19.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_78_78" id="Footnote_78_78"></a><a href="#FNanchor_78_78"><span class="label">[78]</span></a> <cite>World</cite>, 19 Dec., 1754 (<cite>Works</cite>, 1798, i. 177-8).</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_79_79" id="Footnote_79_79"></a><a href="#FNanchor_79_79"><span class="label">[79]</span></a> Another instance of Maclean's momentary vogue is
+given by Cunningham. He is hitched into Gray's <cite>Long
+Story</cite>, which was written at the very time he was taken:
+</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poetry"><div class="stanza">
+    <div class="verse">'A sudden fit of ague shook him,</div>
+          <div class="verse indent2">He stood as mute as poor <em>Macleane</em>.'</div>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>
+This couplet has been recently explained by Gray's latest
+editor, Dr. Bradshaw, to be a reference to Maclean's only
+observation when called to receive sentence. 'My Lord
+[he said], I <em>cannot speak</em>.'</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_80_80" id="Footnote_80_80"></a><a href="#FNanchor_80_80"><span class="label">[80]</span></a> He was popularly known as 'Peter Shamble.' He
+afterwards became Earl of Harrington.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_81_81" id="Footnote_81_81"></a><a href="#FNanchor_81_81"><span class="label">[81]</span></a> Elizabeth Neale, here referred to, was a well-known
+personage in St. James's Street, where, for many years,
+she kept a fruit shop. From Lady Mary Coke's <cite>Letters
+and Journals</cite>, 1889, vol. ii., p. 427, Betty appears to have
+assiduously attended the debates in the House of Commons
+being characterized as a 'violent Politician, &amp;
+always in the opposition.' In Mason's <cite>Heroic Epistle to Sir
+William Chambers, Knight</cite>, she is spoken of as 'Patriot
+Betty.' She survived until 1797, when her death, at the
+age of 67, is recorded in the <cite>Gentleman's Magazine</cite>.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_82_82" id="Footnote_82_82"></a><a href="#FNanchor_82_82"><span class="label">[82]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to Montagu</cite>, 23 June, 1750.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_83_83" id="Footnote_83_83"></a><a href="#FNanchor_83_83"><span class="label">[83]</span></a> Nevertheless, when this '<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Roi en Exil</i>' shortly afterwards died,
+Walpole erected a tablet in St. Anne's
+Churchyard, Soho, to his memory, with the following
+inscription:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p class="center">
+'Near this place is interred<br />
+Theodore, King of Corsica;<br />
+Who died in this parish, Dec. 11, 1756,<br />
+Immediately after leaving the King's-Bench-Prison,<br />
+By the benefit of the Act of Insolvency;<br />
+In consequence of which he registered<br />
+His Kingdom of Corsica<br />
+For the use of his Creditors.</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poetry"><div class="stanza">
+    <div class="verse">'The Grave, great teacher, to a level brings</div>
+    <div class="verse">Heroes and beggars, galley-slaves and Kings.</div>
+    <div class="verse">But Theodore this moral learn'd, ere dead;</div>
+    <div class="verse">Fate pour'd its lessons on his <em>living</em> head,</div>
+    <div class="verse">Bestow'd a kingdom, and denied him bread.'</div>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>
+Theodore's Great Seal, and 'that very curious piece by
+which he took the benefit of the Act of Insolvency,'
+and in which he was only styled Theodore Stephen,
+Baron de Neuhoff, were among the treasures of the
+Tribune. (See Chapter VIII.)</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_84_84" id="Footnote_84_84"></a><a href="#FNanchor_84_84"><span class="label">[84]</span></a> A copy of the poems, 'illustrated with the original
+designs of Mr. Richard Bentley, ... and also with Mr.
+Gray's original sketch of Stoke House, from which Mr.
+Bentley made his finished pen drawing,' was sold at the
+Strawberry Hill sale of 1842 to H. G. Bohn for £8 8<i>s.</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_85_85" id="Footnote_85_85"></a><a href="#FNanchor_85_85"><span class="label">[85]</span></a> The verses include this magnificent stanza:&mdash;
+</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poetry"><div class="stanza">
+    <div class="verse">'But not to one in this benighted age</div>
+          <div class="verse indent2">Is that diviner inspiration giv'n,</div>
+    <div class="verse">That burns in Shakespeare's or in Milton's page,</div>
+          <div class="verse indent2">The pomp and prodigality of heav'n.'</div>
+</div></div></div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_86_86" id="Footnote_86_86"></a><a href="#FNanchor_86_86"><span class="label">[86]</span></a> It is copied in Cunningham, vol. iii. p. 475. It was
+sold for £157 10<i>s.</i> at the Strawberry Hill sale, and passed
+into the collection of the late Lord Taunton.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_87_87" id="Footnote_87_87"></a><a href="#FNanchor_87_87"><span class="label">[87]</span></a> See p. <a href="#Page_192">192</a> n.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_88_88" id="Footnote_88_88"></a><a href="#FNanchor_88_88"><span class="label">[88]</span></a> It may be observed that when Walpole's letter was
+published, it was briefly noticed in the <cite>Monthly Review</cite>,
+where at this very date Oliver Goldsmith was working as
+the hind of Griffiths and his wife. It is also notable that
+the name of Xo Ho's correspondent, Lien Chi, seems
+almost a foreshadowing of Goldsmith's Lien Chi Altangi.
+Can it be possible that Walpole supplied Goldsmith with
+his first idea of the <cite>Citizen of the World</cite>?</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_89_89" id="Footnote_89_89"></a><a href="#FNanchor_89_89"><span class="label">[89]</span></a> A four-wheeled carriage with a movable hood. Cf.
+Prior's <cite>Down Hall</cite>: 'Then answer'd Squire Morley:
+Pray get a <em>calash</em>, That in summer may burn, and in
+winter may splash,' etc.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_90_90" id="Footnote_90_90"></a><a href="#FNanchor_90_90"><span class="label">[90]</span></a> <cite>Works</cite>, 1798, i. 208.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_91_91" id="Footnote_91_91"></a><a href="#FNanchor_91_91"><span class="label">[91]</span></a> These, though printed in 1758, were not circulated
+until 1759. See, at end, 'Appendix of Books printed
+at the Strawberry Hill Press,' which contains ample
+details of all these publications.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_92_92" id="Footnote_92_92"></a><a href="#FNanchor_92_92"><span class="label">[92]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to Zouch</cite>, 14 May, 1759.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_93_93" id="Footnote_93_93"></a><a href="#FNanchor_93_93"><span class="label">[93]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to Zouch</cite>, 12 January, 1759.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_94_94" id="Footnote_94_94"></a><a href="#FNanchor_94_94"><span class="label">[94]</span></a> 'Mr. Vertue's Manuscripts, in 28 vols.,' were sold at
+the Sale of Rare Prints and Illustrated Works from the
+Strawberry Hill Collection on Tuesday, 21 June, 1842,
+for £26 10<i>s.</i> Walpole says in the <cite>Short Notes</cite> that he
+paid £100. The Vertue MSS. are now in the British
+Museum, which acquired them from the Dawson Turner
+collection.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_95_95" id="Footnote_95_95"></a><a href="#FNanchor_95_95"><span class="label">[95]</span></a> <cite>The Anecdotes of Painting</cite> was enlarged by the Rev.
+James Dallaway in 1826-8, and again revised, with additional
+notes, by Ralph N Wornum in 1839. This last,
+in three volumes, 8vo is the accepted edition.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_96_96" id="Footnote_96_96"></a><a href="#FNanchor_96_96"><span class="label">[96]</span></a> She was married to Charles, 3rd Viscount Townshend
+in 1723, and was the mother of Charles Townshend,
+the statesman. She died in 1788. There was an enamel
+of her by Zincke after Vanloo in the Tribune at Strawberry
+Hill, which is engraved at p 150 of Cunningham's
+second volume.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_97_97" id="Footnote_97_97"></a><a href="#FNanchor_97_97"><span class="label">[97]</span></a> <i>Sic. in orig.</i>; but query 'print.'</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_98_98" id="Footnote_98_98"></a><a href="#FNanchor_98_98"><span class="label">[98]</span></a> <cite>Works</cite>, 1798, vol. iv., pp. 382-3.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_99_99" id="Footnote_99_99"></a><a href="#FNanchor_99_99"><span class="label">[99]</span></a> See chapter ix.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_100_100" id="Footnote_100_100"></a><a href="#FNanchor_100_100"><span class="label">[100]</span></a> Cf. chapter vi. of <cite>Fielding</cite>, by the present writer, in
+the <cite>Men of Letters</cite> series, 2nd edition, 1889, pp. 145-7.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_101_101" id="Footnote_101_101"></a><a href="#FNanchor_101_101"><span class="label">[101]</span></a> <cite>Letter to Cole</cite>, 9 March, 1765.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_102_102" id="Footnote_102_102"></a><a href="#FNanchor_102_102"><span class="label">[102]</span></a> It is curious to note in one of his letters at this date
+a <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">mot</i> which may be compared with the famous 'Good
+Americans, when they die, go to Paris.' Walpole is more
+sardonic. 'Paris,' he says, ' ... like the description
+of the grave, is the way of all flesh' (<cite>Walpole to Mann</cite>,
+30 June, 1763).</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_103_103" id="Footnote_103_103"></a><a href="#FNanchor_103_103"><span class="label">[103]</span></a> <cite>Gilly Williams to Selwyn</cite>, 19 March, 1765.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_104_104" id="Footnote_104_104"></a><a href="#FNanchor_104_104"><span class="label">[104]</span></a> Lady Mary Coke, to whom the second edition of the
+Gothic romance was dedicated, was the youngest daughter
+of John, Duke of Argyll and Greenwich. At this date,
+she was a widow,&mdash;Lord Coke having died in 1753. Two
+volumes of her <cite>Letters and Journals</cite>, with an excellent
+introduction by Lady Louisa Stuart, were printed privately
+at Edinburgh in 1889 from MSS. in the possession of the
+Earl of Home. A third volume, which includes a number
+of epistles addressed to her by Walpole, found among
+the papers of the late Mr. Drummond Moray of Abercairny,
+was issued in 1892. Walpole's tone in these
+documents is one of fantastic adoration; but the pair
+ultimately (and inevitably) quarrelled. There is a well-known
+mezzotint of Lady Mary by McArdell after Allan
+Ramsay, in which she appears in white satin, holding a
+tall theorbo. The original painting is at Mount Stuart,
+and belongs to Lord Bute.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_105_105" id="Footnote_105_105"></a><a href="#FNanchor_105_105"><span class="label">[105]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to Montagu</cite>, 22 September, 1765.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_106_106" id="Footnote_106_106"></a><a href="#FNanchor_106_106"><span class="label">[106]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to Chute</cite>, 3 October, 1765.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_107_107" id="Footnote_107_107"></a><a href="#FNanchor_107_107"><span class="label">[107]</span></a> Madame de Genlis mentions this fearsome monster
+in her <cite>Mémoires</cite>: 'Tout le monde a entendu parler de
+la hyène de Gévaudan, qui a fait tant de ravages.' The
+point of Walpole's allusion to Pitt is explained in one
+of his hitherto unpublished letters to Lady Mary Coke
+at this date: 'I had the fortune to be treated with the
+sight of what, next to Mr. Pitt, has occasioned most alarm
+in France, the Beast of the Gévaudan' (<cite>Letters and Journals</cite>,
+iii. [1892], xvii). In another letter, to Pitt's sister
+Ann, maid of honour to Queen Caroline, he says: 'It is
+a very large wolf, to be sure, and they say has twelve teeth
+more than any of the species, and six less than the
+Czarina' (<cite>Fortescue Corr., Hist. MSS. Commission, 13th
+Rept., App.</cite> iii., 1892, i. 147).</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_108_108" id="Footnote_108_108"></a><a href="#FNanchor_108_108"><span class="label">[108]</span></a> Of Mad. de Forcalquier it is related that, entering a
+theatre during the performance of Gresset's <cite>Le Méchant</cite>,
+just as the line was uttered, '<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">La faute est aux dieux,
+qui la firent si belle</i>,' the applause was so great as to interrupt
+the play. The point of this, in a recent repetition of
+the anecdote, was a little blunted by the printer's substitution
+of '<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">bête</i>' for '<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">belle</i>.'</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_109_109" id="Footnote_109_109"></a><a href="#FNanchor_109_109"><span class="label">[109]</span></a> Louis-Jules-Barbon Mancini-Mazarini, Duc de Nivernais
+(1716-98), who had visited Twickenham three years
+earlier, when he was Ambassador to England. He was
+a man of fine manners, and tastes so literary that his
+works fill eight volumes. They include a translation of
+Walpole's <cite>Essay on Modern Gardening</cite> (see appendix at
+end). In his letters to Miss Ann Pitt at this date,
+Walpole speaks of the Duke's clever fables, by which he
+is now best remembered. Lord Chesterfield told his son
+in 1749 that Nivernais was 'one of the prettiest men he
+had ever known,' and in 1762 his opinion was unaltered.
+'<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">M. de Nivernais est aimé, respecté, et admiré par tout ce qu'
+il y a d'honnêtes gens à la cour et à la ville</i>,' he writes to
+Madame de Monconseil. The Duke's end was worthy of
+Chesterfield himself, for he spent some of his last hours in
+composing valedictory verses to his doctor. (See 'Eighteenth
+Century Vignettes,' second series, pp. 107-137.)</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_110_110" id="Footnote_110_110"></a><a href="#FNanchor_110_110"><span class="label">[110]</span></a> One of her <em>logogriphes</em>, or enigmas, is as follows:&mdash;
+</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poetry"><div class="stanza">
+    <div class="verse">'<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Quoique je forme un corps, je ne suis qu'une idée;</i></div>
+    <div class="verse"><i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Plus ma beauté vieillit, plus elle est décidée:</i></div>
+    <div class="verse"><i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Il faut, pour me trouver, ignorer d'où je viens:</i></div>
+    <div class="verse"><i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Je tiens tout de lui, qui reduit tout à rien.</i>'</div>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>
+The answer is <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">noblesse</i>. Lord Chesterfield thought it so
+good that he sent it to his godson (Letter 166).</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_111_111" id="Footnote_111_111"></a><a href="#FNanchor_111_111"><span class="label">[111]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to Gray</cite>, 25 January, 1766.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_112_112" id="Footnote_112_112"></a><a href="#FNanchor_112_112"><span class="label">[112]</span></a> He was malicious enough to add, 'a pretty round
+half.' In middle life Mrs. Clive, like her Twickenham
+neighbour, Mrs. Pritchard, grew excessively stout; and
+there is a pleasant anecdote that, on one occasion, when
+the pair were acting together in Cibber's <cite>Careless Husband</cite>,
+the audience were regaled by the spectacle of two leading
+actresses, neither of whom could manage to pick up a
+letter which, by ill-luck, had been dropped upon the
+ground.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_113_113" id="Footnote_113_113"></a><a href="#FNanchor_113_113"><span class="label">[113]</span></a> In a recently printed letter to Miss Ann Pitt, 19 Jan.,
+1766, Walpole makes reference to the popularity which
+this <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">jeu d'esprit</i> procured for him. 'Everybody wou'd
+have a copy [of course he encloses one to his correspondent];
+the next thing was, everybody wou'd see the
+author.... I thought at last I shou'd have a box quilted
+for me, like Gulliver, be set upon the dressing-table of a
+maid of honour, and fed with bonbons.... If, contrary
+to all precedent, I shou'd exist in vogue a week longer, I
+will send you the first statue that is cast of me in <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">bergamotte</i>
+or <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">biscuite porcelaine</i>' (<cite>Fortescue Corr., Hist. MSS.
+Commision, 13th Rept., App. iii.</cite> [1892], i, 153).</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_114_114" id="Footnote_114_114"></a><a href="#FNanchor_114_114"><span class="label">[114]</span></a> Hume's narrative of the affair may be read in <cite>A Concise
+and Genuine Account of the Dispute between Mr. Hume
+and Mr. Rousseau: with the Letters that passed between
+them during their Controversy. As also, the Letters of the
+Hon. Mr. Walpole, and Mr. D'Alembert, relative to this
+extraordinary Affair. Translated from the French.
+London. Printed for T. Becket and P. A. De Hondt, near
+Surry-street, in the Strand, MDCCLXVI.</cite></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_115_115" id="Footnote_115_115"></a><a href="#FNanchor_115_115"><span class="label">[115]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to Lady Hervey</cite>, 2 January, 1766. In a letter
+to Lady Mary Coke, dated two days later, he says: 'Rousseau
+set out this morning for England. As He loves to
+contradict a whole Nation, I suppose he will write for the
+present opposition.... As he is to live at Fulham, I hope
+his first quarrel will be with his neighbour the Bishop of
+London, who is an excellent subject for his ridicule'
+(<cite>Letters and Journals</cite>, iii. 1892, xx).</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_116_116" id="Footnote_116_116"></a><a href="#FNanchor_116_116"><span class="label">[116]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to Chute</cite>, 10 October, 1766.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_117_117" id="Footnote_117_117"></a><a href="#FNanchor_117_117"><span class="label">[117]</span></a> Lady Mary Coke testifies to the charm of her conversation:
+'In the evening I made a visit to Madame du
+Deffan [<i>sic</i>]. She talks so well that I wish'd to write
+down everything She said, as I thought I shou'd have
+liked to have read it afterwards' (<cite>Letters and Journals</cite>,
+iii. [1892], 233).</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_118_118" id="Footnote_118_118"></a><a href="#FNanchor_118_118"><span class="label">[118]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to Montagu</cite>, 7 September, 1769.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_119_119" id="Footnote_119_119"></a><a href="#FNanchor_119_119"><span class="label">[119]</span></a> <cite>Letters of Madame du Deffand</cite>, 1810, i. 211 n.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_120_120" id="Footnote_120_120"></a><a href="#FNanchor_120_120"><span class="label">[120]</span></a> <i>i. e.</i> Soot-water. There were two landscapes in soot-water
+by Mr. Bentley in the Green Closet at Strawberry.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_121_121" id="Footnote_121_121"></a><a href="#FNanchor_121_121"><span class="label">[121]</span></a> See chapter ix.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_122_122" id="Footnote_122_122"></a><a href="#FNanchor_122_122"><span class="label">[122]</span></a> <cite>Works</cite>, 1798, i. 129.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_123_123" id="Footnote_123_123"></a><a href="#FNanchor_123_123"><span class="label">[123]</span></a> He says he 'was going to Paris in a day or two.'
+But his memory must have deceived him, for Chatterton's
+last letter is dated July 24th, 1769, and, according to Miss
+Berry, Walpole's visit to Paris lasted from the 18th
+August to the 5th October, 1769; and this is confirmed
+by his correspondence.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_124_124" id="Footnote_124_124"></a><a href="#FNanchor_124_124"><span class="label">[124]</span></a> <cite>Works</cite>, 1798, iv. 219. In the above summary of the
+story we have relied by preference on the fairly established
+facts of the case, which is full of difficulties. The most
+plausible version of it, as well as the most fair to Walpole,
+is given in Prof. D. Wilson's <cite>Chatterton</cite>, 1869.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_125_125" id="Footnote_125_125"></a><a href="#FNanchor_125_125"><span class="label">[125]</span></a> An example of this is furnished by Miss Seward's
+<cite>Correspondence</cite>. 'Do not expect [she writes] that I can
+learn to esteem that fastidious and unfeeling being, to
+whose insensibility we owe the extinction of the greatest
+poetic luminary [Chatterton], if we may judge from the
+brightness of its dawn, that ever rose in our, or perhaps
+in any other, hemisphere' (<cite>Seward to Hardinge</cite>, 21 Nov.,
+1787).</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_126_126" id="Footnote_126_126"></a><a href="#FNanchor_126_126"><span class="label">[126]</span></a> <cite>Works</cite>, 1798, iv. 205-45. See also Bibliographical
+Appendix to this volume.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_127_127" id="Footnote_127_127"></a><a href="#FNanchor_127_127"><span class="label">[127]</span></a> Henrietta Hobart, Countess Dowager of Suffolk,
+died in July, 1767. Her portrait by Charles Jervas, with
+Marble Hill in the background, hung in the Green Bed-chamber
+in the Round Tower at Strawberry. It once
+belonged to Pope, who left it to Martha Blount; and it
+is engraved as the frontispiece of vol. ii. of Cunningham's
+edition of the <cite>Letters</cite>.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_128_128" id="Footnote_128_128"></a><a href="#FNanchor_128_128"><span class="label">[128]</span></a> 'The Duke of Gloucester'&mdash;wrote Gilly Williams
+to Selwyn, as far back as December, 1764&mdash;'has professed
+a passion for the Dowager Waldegrave. He is
+never from her elbow. This flatters Horry Walpole not
+a little, though he pretends to dislike it.'</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_129_129" id="Footnote_129_129"></a><a href="#FNanchor_129_129"><span class="label">[129]</span></a> The idea was borrowed from an inscription upon a
+statue at Milan: 'Non me Praxiteles, sed Marcus finxit
+Agrati!'</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_130_130" id="Footnote_130_130"></a><a href="#FNanchor_130_130"><span class="label">[130]</span></a> From a passage in a letter of 15 Sept., 1787, to Lady
+Ossory, it appears that this, though printed, was withheld,
+on account of certain difficulties caused by the over-weening
+curiosity of Walpole's 'customers' (as he called them),
+the visitors to Strawberry. According to the sheet of
+regulations for visiting the house, it was to be seen
+between the 1st of May and the 1st of October. Children
+were not admitted; and only one company of four on one
+day.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_131_131" id="Footnote_131_131"></a><a href="#FNanchor_131_131"><span class="label">[131]</span></a> 'It is not much larger than an old lady's flower-knot
+in Bloomsbury,' said Lady Morgan in 1826.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_132_132" id="Footnote_132_132"></a><a href="#FNanchor_132_132"><span class="label">[132]</span></a> See p. <a href="#Page_6">6</a>.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_133_133" id="Footnote_133_133"></a><a href="#FNanchor_133_133"><span class="label">[133]</span></a> See p. <a href="#Page_117">117</a> n.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_134_134" id="Footnote_134_134"></a><a href="#FNanchor_134_134"><span class="label">[134]</span></a> It was exhibited in the Royal Academy of 1781, and
+was Bunbury's acknowledgment of the praise given him
+by Walpole in the 'Advertisement' to the fourth volume
+of the <cite>Anecdotes of Painting</cite>, 1 Oct., 1780. A copy of it
+was shown at the Exhibition of English Humourists in
+Art, June, 1889.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_135_135" id="Footnote_135_135"></a><a href="#FNanchor_135_135"><span class="label">[135]</span></a> In a note to Madame du Deffand's <cite>Letters</cite>, 1810, i. 201,
+the editor, Miss Berry, thus describes this picture: It
+was 'a washed drawing of Mad. la Duchesse de Choiseul
+and Mad. du Deffand, under their assumed characters
+of grandmother and granddaughter; Mad. de Choiseul
+giving Mad. du Deffand a doll. The scene the interior
+of Mad. du Deffand's sitting-room. It was done by M. de
+Carmontel, an amateur in the art of painting. He was
+reader to the Prince of Condé, and author of several little
+Theatrical pieces.' It is engraved as the frontispiece of
+vol. vii. of Walpole's <cite>Letters</cite>, by Cunningham, 1857-59.
+Mad. du Deffand's portrait was said to be extremely like;
+that of the Duchess was not good.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_136_136" id="Footnote_136_136"></a><a href="#FNanchor_136_136"><span class="label">[136]</span></a> 'It is now the Musée Carnavalet, and contains
+numberless souvenirs of the Revolution, notably a collection
+of china plates, bearing various dates, designs, and
+inscriptions applicable to the Reign of Terror' (<cite>Century Magazine</cite>90, p. 600). A washed drawing of
+Madame de Sévigné's country house at Les Rochers,
+'done on the spot by Mr. Hinchcliffe, son of the Bishop
+of Peterborough, in 1786,' was afterwards added to this
+room.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_137_137" id="Footnote_137_137"></a><a href="#FNanchor_137_137"><span class="label">[137]</span></a> Both these pictures are in existence. The Scott
+belongs to Lady Freake, and was exhibited in the Pope
+Loan Museum of 1888.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_138_138" id="Footnote_138_138"></a><a href="#FNanchor_138_138"><span class="label">[138]</span></a> Both these are engraved in Cunningham's edition of
+the <cite>Letters</cite>, the former in vol. iv., p. 465, the latter in vol.
+ix., p. 529.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_139_139" id="Footnote_139_139"></a><a href="#FNanchor_139_139"><span class="label">[139]</span></a> This was the Amsterdam edition of 1707, in 2 vols.
+12mo., inscribed 'E libris, A. Pope, 1714;' and lower
+down, 'Finished ye translation in Feb. 1719-20, A. Pope.'
+It also contained a pencil sketch by the poet of Twickenham
+Church.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_140_140" id="Footnote_140_140"></a><a href="#FNanchor_140_140"><span class="label">[140]</span></a> Walpole wrote an epilogue&mdash;not a very good one&mdash;for
+Mrs. Clive when she quitted the stage; and in the
+same year, 1769, the <cite>Town and Country Magazine</cite> linked
+their names in its '<cite>Tête-à-Têtes</cite>' as 'Mrs. Heidelberg'
+(Clive's part in the <cite>Clandestine Marriage</cite>) and 'Baron
+Otranto' (a name under which Chatterton subsequently
+satirized Walpole in this identical periodical). See
+<cite>Memoirs of a Sad Dog</cite>, Pt. 2, July, 1770.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_141_141" id="Footnote_141_141"></a><a href="#FNanchor_141_141"><span class="label">[141]</span></a> Horatio, brother of Sir Robert Walpole, created
+Baron Walpole of Wolterton in 1756. He died in 1757.
+His <cite>Memoirs</cite> were published by Coxe in 1802.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_142_142" id="Footnote_142_142"></a><a href="#FNanchor_142_142"><span class="label">[142]</span></a> 'The chief boast of my collection,' he told Pinkerton,
+'is the portraits of eminent and remarkable persons, particularly
+the miniatures and enamels; which, so far as I
+can discover, are superior to any other collection whatever.
+The works I possess of Isaac and Peter Oliver are
+the best extant; and those I bought in Wales for 300
+guineas [<i>i.e.</i>, the Digby Family, in the Breakfast Room]
+are as well preserved as when they came from the pencil
+(<cite>Walpoliana</cite>, ii. 157).</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_143_143" id="Footnote_143_143"></a><a href="#FNanchor_143_143"><span class="label">[143]</span></a> It is printed in both the Catalogues.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_144_144" id="Footnote_144_144"></a><a href="#FNanchor_144_144"><span class="label">[144]</span></a> At the sale in 1842, King Henry's dagger was purchased
+for £54 12<i>s.</i> by Charles Kean the actor, who also
+became the fortunate possessor, for £21, of Cardinal
+Wolsey's hat.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_145_145" id="Footnote_145_145"></a><a href="#FNanchor_145_145"><span class="label">[145]</span></a> Here is his own reference to this, in a letter to Montagu
+of 14 Oct., 1756: 'The only thing I have done that
+can compose a paragraph, and which I think you are
+Whig enough to forgive me, is, that on each side of my
+bed I have hung <span class="smcap">Magna Charta</span>, and the Warrant for
+King Charles's execution, on which I have written Major
+Charta; as I believe, without the latter, the former by
+this time would be of very little importance.'</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_146_146" id="Footnote_146_146"></a><a href="#FNanchor_146_146"><span class="label">[146]</span></a> See p. <a href="#Page_7">7</a> n.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_147_147" id="Footnote_147_147"></a><a href="#FNanchor_147_147"><span class="label">[147]</span></a> 'Dr Dee's black stone was named in the catalogue of
+the collection of the Earls of Peterborough, whence it
+went to Lady Betty Germaine. She gave it to the last
+Duke of Argyle, and his son, Lord Frederic, to me'
+(<cite>Walpole to Lady Ossory</cite>, 12 Jan., 1782)</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_148_148" id="Footnote_148_148"></a><a href="#FNanchor_148_148"><span class="label">[148]</span></a> This was afterwards moved to the Little Cloister at
+the entrance, where it appears in the later Catalogue. At
+the sale of 1842 the bowl, with its Gothic pedestal, was
+purchased by the Earl of Derby for £42.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_149_149" id="Footnote_149_149"></a><a href="#FNanchor_149_149"><span class="label">[149]</span></a> Not far from the Chapel was 'a large seat in the
+form of a shell, carved in oak from a design by Mr. Bentley.'
+It must have been roomy, for in 1759 the Duchesses
+of Hamilton and Richmond, and Lady Ailesbury (the last
+two, daughter and mother), occupied it together. 'There
+never was so pretty a sight as to see them all three sitting
+in the shell,' says the delighted Abbot of Strawberry.
+(<cite>Walpole to Montagu</cite>, 2 June.)</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_150_150" id="Footnote_150_150"></a><a href="#FNanchor_150_150"><span class="label">[150]</span></a> In a note to the obituary notice of Walpole in the
+<cite>Gentleman's Magazine</cite> for March, 1797, p. 260, it is stated
+that this library was 'formed of all the publications during
+the reigns of the three Georges, or Mr. W.'s own time.'</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_151_151" id="Footnote_151_151"></a><a href="#FNanchor_151_151"><span class="label">[151]</span></a> This was exhibited at South Kensington in 1867 by
+Viscount Lifford, and is now (1892) at Austin House,
+Broadway, Worcester.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_152_152" id="Footnote_152_152"></a><a href="#FNanchor_152_152"><span class="label">[152]</span></a> <cite>Works</cite>, 1798, ii. 395-98.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_153_153" id="Footnote_153_153"></a><a href="#FNanchor_153_153"><span class="label">[153]</span></a> Kendal House now no longer exists.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_154_154" id="Footnote_154_154"></a><a href="#FNanchor_154_154"><span class="label">[154]</span></a> <cite>An Heroic Epistle to Sir William Chambers</cite>, <cite>Knight</cite>,
+1773.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_155_155" id="Footnote_155_155"></a><a href="#FNanchor_155_155"><span class="label">[155]</span></a>
+</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poetry"><div class="stanza">
+<div class="verse indent4">'&mdash;&mdash; <em>Brandford's</em> tedious town,</div>
+    <div class="verse">For dirty streets, and white-leg'd chickens known.'</div>
+</div></div></div>
+
+
+<p class="center">
+Gay's <cite>Journey to Exeter</cite>.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_156_156" id="Footnote_156_156"></a><a href="#FNanchor_156_156"><span class="label">[156]</span></a> Gunnersbury House (or Park), a new structure, now
+belongs to Lord Rothschild.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_157_157" id="Footnote_157_157"></a><a href="#FNanchor_157_157"><span class="label">[157]</span></a> The Old Pack Horse, somewhat modernized by red-brick
+additions, still (1892) stands at the corner of Turnham
+Green. It is mentioned in the <cite>London Gazette</cite> as far
+back as 1697. The sign, a common one for posting inns
+in former days, is on the opposite side of the road.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_158_158" id="Footnote_158_158"></a><a href="#FNanchor_158_158"><span class="label">[158]</span></a> Hammersmith church was rebuilt in 1882-3.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_159_159" id="Footnote_159_159"></a><a href="#FNanchor_159_159"><span class="label">[159]</span></a> Sir Baptist Hickes, once a mercer in Cheapside, and
+afterwards Viscount Campden, erected it <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">circa</i> 1612. At
+the time to which Mr. Cunningham is supposed to refer,
+it was a famous ladies' boarding-school, kept by a Mrs.
+Terry, and patronized by Selwyn and Lady Di. Beauclerk.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_160_160" id="Footnote_160_160"></a><a href="#FNanchor_160_160"><span class="label">[160]</span></a> The (with all due deference to the writer) quaint and
+picturesque old church of St. Mary the Virgin, in Kensington
+High Street, at which Macaulay, in his later days,
+was a regular attendant, gave way, in 1869, to a larger and
+more modern edifice by Sir Gilbert Scott, R.A.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_161_161" id="Footnote_161_161"></a><a href="#FNanchor_161_161"><span class="label">[161]</span></a> Old Kensington House, as it was called, has also
+been pulled down. One of its inmates, long after the
+days of 'Madam Carwell,' was Elizabeth Inchbald, the
+author of <cite>A Simple Story</cite>, who died there in 1821.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_162_162" id="Footnote_162_162"></a><a href="#FNanchor_162_162"><span class="label">[162]</span></a> Now Lord Listowel's. It stands near the Prince's
+Gate into Hyde Park.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_163_163" id="Footnote_163_163"></a><a href="#FNanchor_163_163"><span class="label">[163]</span></a> Restored and remodelled in 1861, and now the Church
+of the Holy Trinity.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_164_164" id="Footnote_164_164"></a><a href="#FNanchor_164_164"><span class="label">[164]</span></a> The Hercules Pillars, where Squire Western put up
+his horses when he came to town, stood just east of
+Apsley House, 'on the site of what is now the pavement
+opposite Lord Willoughby's.'</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_165_165" id="Footnote_165_165"></a><a href="#FNanchor_165_165"><span class="label">[165]</span></a> The Duke of Queensberry's house afterwards became
+138 and 139 Piccadilly.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_166_166" id="Footnote_166_166"></a><a href="#FNanchor_166_166"><span class="label">[166]</span></a> This is No. 106,&mdash;the present St. James's Club. It
+was built in 1764 by George, sixth Earl of Coventry, some
+years after the death of his first wife, the elder Miss
+Gunning.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_167_167" id="Footnote_167_167"></a><a href="#FNanchor_167_167"><span class="label">[167]</span></a> <cite>Letters</cite>, by Cunningham, 1857-9, ix. xx.-xxi.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_168_168" id="Footnote_168_168"></a><a href="#FNanchor_168_168"><span class="label">[168]</span></a> Kirgate, who will not be again mentioned, fared but
+ill at his master's decease, receiving no more than a legacy
+of £100,&mdash;a circumstance which Pinkerton darkly attributes
+to 'his modest merit' having been 'supplanted by
+intriguing impudence' (<cite>Walpoliana</cite>, i. xxiv). There is a portrait
+of him, engraved by William Collard, after Sylvester
+Harding, the Pall Mall miniature painter, who also wrote
+in 1797 for Kirgate some verses in which he is made to
+speak of himself as 'forlorn, neglected, and forgot.' He
+had an unique collection of the Strawberry Press issues,
+which was dispersed at his death, in 1810.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_169_169" id="Footnote_169_169"></a><a href="#FNanchor_169_169"><span class="label">[169]</span></a> It was his good sense rather than his inclination that
+made him condemn one with whom he had many points
+of sympathy. Speaking of the quarrel of Johnson and
+Chesterfield, he says, 'The friendly patronage [<i>i. e.</i> of the
+earl] was returned with ungrateful rudeness by the proud
+pedant; and men smiled, without being surprised, at seeing
+a bear worry his dancing-master.'</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_170_170" id="Footnote_170_170"></a><a href="#FNanchor_170_170"><span class="label">[170]</span></a> 'Jephson's <cite>Count of Narbonne</cite> has been more admired
+than any play I remember to have appeared
+these many years. It is still [Jan., 1782] acted with success
+to very full houses' (<cite>Malone to Charlemont, Hist.
+MSS. Commission, 12th Rept., App.</cite>, Pt. x., 1891, p. 395).
+Malone wrote the epilogue.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_171_171" id="Footnote_171_171"></a><a href="#FNanchor_171_171"><span class="label">[171]</span></a> 'Silly Dr. Goldsmith' he calls him to Cole in
+April, 1773. 'Goldsmith was an idiot, with once or
+twice a fit of parts,' he says again to Mason in October,
+1776.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_172_172" id="Footnote_172_172"></a><a href="#FNanchor_172_172"><span class="label">[172]</span></a> The rules of the so-called <em>Female Coterie</em> in Albemarle
+Street, together with the names of the members,
+are given in the <cite>Gentleman's Magazine</cite> for 1770, pp. 414-5.
+Besides Walpole and Miss Lloyd, Fox, Conway, Selwyn,
+the Waldegraves, the Damers, and many other 'persons
+of quality' belonged to it.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_173_173" id="Footnote_173_173"></a><a href="#FNanchor_173_173"><span class="label">[173]</span></a> The Hon. Richard Fitzpatrick, Lord Ossory's
+brother. He afterwards became a General, and Secretary
+at War. At this time he was a captain in the Grenadier
+Guards. As a <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">littérateur</i> he had written <cite>The Bath Picture;
+or, a Slight Sketch of its Beauties</cite>; and he was later
+one of the chief contributors to the <cite>Rolliad</cite>. Besides
+being the life-long friend of Fox, he was a highly popular
+wit and man-of-fashion. Lord Ossory put him above
+Walpole and Selwyn; and Lady Holland is said to have
+thought him the most agreeable person she had ever
+known. He died in 1813.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_174_174" id="Footnote_174_174"></a><a href="#FNanchor_174_174"><span class="label">[174]</span></a> One of the three beautiful sisters painted by Reynolds,&mdash;Elizabeth
+Laura, afterwards Viscountess Chewton;
+Charlotte Maria, afterwards Countess of Euston;
+and Anne Horatia, who married Captain Hugh Conway.
+'Sir Joshua Reynolds gets avaricious in his old age. My
+picture of the young ladies Waldegrave is doubtless very
+fine and graceful, but it cost me 800 guineas' (<cite>Walpoliana</cite>,
+ii. 157).</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_175_175" id="Footnote_175_175"></a><a href="#FNanchor_175_175"><span class="label">[175]</span></a> He was not successful as regards Hogarth, whose
+widow was sorely and justly wounded by his coarse
+treatment of <cite>Sigismunda</cite>, which is said to have been a
+portrait of herself. The picture is now in the National
+Gallery.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_176_176" id="Footnote_176_176"></a><a href="#FNanchor_176_176"><span class="label">[176]</span></a> Miss Hawkins (<cite>Anecdotes</cite>, etc., 1822, p. 103) did not
+think highly of these performances: 'Unless the proportions
+of the human figure are of no importance in
+drawing it, these 'Beauclerk drawings' can be looked on
+only with disgust and contempt.' But she praises the
+gipsies hereafter mentioned (p. <a href="#Page_260">260</a> n.) as having been
+copied by Agnes Berry.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_177_177" id="Footnote_177_177"></a><a href="#FNanchor_177_177"><span class="label">[177]</span></a>
+See pp. <a href="#Page_158">158</a>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_178_178" id="Footnote_178_178"></a><a href="#FNanchor_178_178"><span class="label">[178]</span></a> The exact sum was £40,555. Cipriani and West
+were the valuers. Most of the family portraits were
+reserved; but so many of the pictures were presents that
+it is not easy to estimate the actual profit over their first
+cost to the original owner.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_179_179" id="Footnote_179_179"></a><a href="#FNanchor_179_179"><span class="label">[179]</span></a>
+<cite>Walpole to Mann</cite>, 4 Aug., 1779.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_180_180" id="Footnote_180_180"></a><a href="#FNanchor_180_180"><span class="label">[180]</span></a> This, according to Harrison's <cite>Memorable Houses</cite>, 3rd
+ed., 1890, p. 62, is Lord Orford's number as given in
+<cite>Boyle's Court Guide</cite> for 1796.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_181_181" id="Footnote_181_181"></a><a href="#FNanchor_181_181"><span class="label">[181]</span></a> According to a note in the selection from Madame
+du Deffand's Correspondence with Walpole, published
+in 1810, iii. 44, these letters were at that date extant. But
+all the subsequent letters were burnt by her at Walpole's
+earnest desire&mdash;those only excepted which she received
+during the last year of her life, and these, also, were sent
+back when she died.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_182_182" id="Footnote_182_182"></a><a href="#FNanchor_182_182"><span class="label">[182]</span></a> Tonton was a snappish little dog belonging to Madame
+du Deffand, which, when in its mistress's company, must
+have been extremely objectionable. In January, 1778, the
+Maréchale de Luxembourg presented her old friend with
+Tonton's portrait in wax on a gold snuff-box, together
+with the last six volumes of Madame du Deffand's favourite,
+Voltaire, adding the following epigram by the Chevalier
+de Boufflers:&mdash;
+</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poetry"><div class="stanza">
+    <div class="verse">'Vous les trouvez tous deux charmans,</div>
+    <div class="verse">Nous les trouvons tous deux mordans:</div>
+          <div class="verse indent2">Voilà la ressemblance;</div>
+    <div class="verse">L'un ne mord que ses ennemis,</div>
+    <div class="verse">Et l'autre mord tous vos amis:</div>
+          <div class="verse indent2">Voilà la différence.'</div>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>
+At Madame du Deffand's death, both dog and box passed
+to Walpole, the latter finding an honoured place among
+the treasures of the Tribune. (See <cite>A Description of the
+Villa</cite>, etc., 1774, p. 137, <cite>Appendix of Additions</cite>.)</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_183_183" id="Footnote_183_183"></a><a href="#FNanchor_183_183"><span class="label">[183]</span></a> The MSS., which included eight hundred of Madame
+du Deffand's letters, were sold in the Strawberry Hill
+sale of 1842 for £157 10<i>s.</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_184_184" id="Footnote_184_184"></a><a href="#FNanchor_184_184"><span class="label">[184]</span></a> Walpole, as in the case of Madame du Deffand, had
+taken the precaution of getting back his letters, and at
+his friend's death not more than a dozen of them were
+still in Mann's possession. According to Cunningham
+(<cite>Corr.</cite>, ix. xv), Mann's letters to Walpole are 'absolutely
+unreadable.' An attempt to skim the cream of them
+(such as it is) was made by Dr. Doran in two volumes
+entitled <cite>'Mann' and Manners at the Court of Florence</cite>,
+1740-1786, Bentley, 1876.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_185_185" id="Footnote_185_185"></a><a href="#FNanchor_185_185"><span class="label">[185]</span></a> Mrs. Clive is buried at Twickenham, where a mural
+slab was erected to her in the parish church by her
+<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">protégée</i> and successor, Miss Jane Pope, the clever actress
+who shed tears over the Beauclerk drawings (see p. <a href="#Page_244">244</a>).
+Her portrait by Davison, which is engraved as the frontispiece
+to Cunningham's fourth volume, hung in the
+Round Bedchamber at Strawberry. It was given to
+Walpole by her brother, James Raftor.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_186_186" id="Footnote_186_186"></a><a href="#FNanchor_186_186"><span class="label">[186]</span></a> 'Whom she [Madame de Genlis] has educated to be
+very like herself in the face,' says Walpole, referring
+to a then current scandal. At this date, however, it is
+but just to add that the recent investigations of Mr. J. G.
+Alger, as embodied in vol. xix. of the <cite>Dictionary of
+National Biography</cite>, tend to show that it is by no means
+certain that Pamela was the daughter of the accomplished
+lady whom Philippe <em>Egalité</em> entrusted with the education
+of his sons.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_187_187" id="Footnote_187_187"></a><a href="#FNanchor_187_187"><span class="label">[187]</span></a> He is not explicit as to his creed. 'Atheism I dislike,'
+he said to Pinkerton. 'It is gloomy, uncomfortable;
+and, in my eye, unnatural and irrational. It certainly
+requires more credulity to believe that there is no God,
+than to believe that there is' (<cite>Walpoliana</cite>, i. 75-6). But
+Pinkerton must be taken with caution. (Cf. <cite>Quarterly
+Review</cite>, 1843, lxxii. 551.)</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_188_188" id="Footnote_188_188"></a><a href="#FNanchor_188_188"><span class="label">[188]</span></a> In 1786 she had dedicated to him her <cite>Florio, A Tale</cite>,
+etc., with a highly complimentary Preface, in which she
+says: 'I should be unjust to your very engaging and
+well-bred turn of wit, if I did not declare that, among all
+the lively and brilliant things I have heard from you, I
+do not remember ever to have heard an unkind or an
+ungenerous one.'</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_189_189" id="Footnote_189_189"></a><a href="#FNanchor_189_189"><span class="label">[189]</span></a> This (we are told) was Lady Di.'s <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">chef-d'œuvre</i>. It
+was a water-colour drawing representing 'Gipsies telling
+a country-maiden her fortune at the entrance of a beech-wood,'
+and hung in the Red Bedchamber at Strawberry.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_190_190" id="Footnote_190_190"></a><a href="#FNanchor_190_190"><span class="label">[190]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to Lady Ossory</cite>, 11 Oct., 1788.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_191_191" id="Footnote_191_191"></a><a href="#FNanchor_191_191"><span class="label">[191]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to Pinkerton</cite>, 26 Dec., 1791.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_192_192" id="Footnote_192_192"></a><a href="#FNanchor_192_192"><span class="label">[192]</span></a> Mary Berry died 20th Nov., 1852; Agnes Berry,
+Jan., 1852. They were buried in one grave in Petersham
+churchyard, 'amidst scenes'&mdash;says Lord Carlisle's
+inscription&mdash;'which in life they had frequented &amp; loved.'
+H. F. Chorley (<cite>Autobiography</cite>, etc., 1873, vol. i., p. 276)
+describes them as 'more like one's notion of ancient
+Frenchwomen than anything I have ever seen; rouged,
+with the remains of some beauty, managing large fans like
+the Flirtillas, etc., etc., of Ranelagh.' See also <cite>Extracts
+from Miss Berry's Journals and Correspondence</cite>, 1783-1852,
+edited by Lady Theresa Lewis, 1865.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_193_193" id="Footnote_193_193"></a><a href="#FNanchor_193_193"><span class="label">[193]</span></a> Trevelyan's <cite>Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay</cite>, ch. v.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_194_194" id="Footnote_194_194"></a><a href="#FNanchor_194_194"><span class="label">[194]</span></a> This is engraved in vol. ix. of Cunningham, facing
+the Index; while the Müntz, above referred to, forms the
+frontispiece to vol. viii.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_195_195" id="Footnote_195_195"></a><a href="#FNanchor_195_195"><span class="label">[195]</span></a> The writer of the obituary notice in the <cite>Gentleman's
+Magazine</cite> for March, 1797, says that Dance's portrait is
+'the only faithful representation of him [Walpole].'
+Against this must be set the fact that it was not selected
+by the editor of his works; and, besides being in profile,
+it is certainly far less pleasing than the Lawrence.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_196_196" id="Footnote_196_196"></a><a href="#FNanchor_196_196"><span class="label">[196]</span></a> It must, by his own account, have been peculiar.
+'Walking is not one of my excellences,' he writes. 'In my
+best days Mr. Winnington said I tripped like a peewit;
+and if I do not flatter myself, my march at present is more
+like a dabchick's' (<cite>Walpole to Lady Ossory</cite>, 18 August,
+1775).</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_197_197" id="Footnote_197_197"></a><a href="#FNanchor_197_197"><span class="label">[197]</span></a> <cite>Anecdotes, etc.</cite>, by L. M. Hawkins, 1822, pp. 105-6.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_198_198" id="Footnote_198_198"></a><a href="#FNanchor_198_198"><span class="label">[198]</span></a> 'I have lately become acquainted with your friend
+Mr. Walpole, and am quite charmed with him.'&mdash;writes
+Malone to Lord Charlemont in 1782. 'There is an unaffected
+benignity and good nature in his manner that is, I
+think, irresistibly engaging' (<cite>Hist. MSS. Commission,
+12th Rept., App.</cite>, Pt. x., 1891, p. 395).</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_199_199" id="Footnote_199_199"></a><a href="#FNanchor_199_199"><span class="label">[199]</span></a> Tonton. See note to p. <a href="#Page_250">250</a>.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_200_200" id="Footnote_200_200"></a><a href="#FNanchor_200_200"><span class="label">[200]</span></a> Another passage in the <cite>Walpoliana</cite> (i. 71-2) explains
+this: 'Regularly after breakfast, in the summer season,
+at least, Mr. Walpole used to mix bread and milk in a
+large bason, and throw it out at the window of the sitting-room,
+for the squirrels; who, soon after, came down from
+the high trees, to enjoy their allowance.'</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_201_201" id="Footnote_201_201"></a><a href="#FNanchor_201_201"><span class="label">[201]</span></a> 'I cannot go up or down stairs without being led by
+a servant. It is <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">tempus abire</i> for me: <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">lusi satis</i>' (<cite>Walpole
+to Pinkerton</cite>, 15 May, 1794).</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_202_202" id="Footnote_202_202"></a><a href="#FNanchor_202_202"><span class="label">[202]</span></a> 'I have persisted'&mdash;he tells Gray from Paris in
+January, 1766&mdash;'through this Siberian winter in not
+adding a grain to my clothes and in going open-breasted
+without an under waistcoat.'</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_203_203" id="Footnote_203_203"></a><a href="#FNanchor_203_203"><span class="label">[203]</span></a> He was probably thinking of <cite>Spectator</cite>, No. 228:
+'The <em>Indian</em> answered very well to an <em>European</em>, who
+asked him how he could go naked: I am all Face.'
+Lord Chesterfield wished his little godson to have the same
+advantage. 'I am very willing that he should be <em>all
+face</em>,' he says in a letter to Arthur Stanhope of 19th
+October, 1762.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_204_204" id="Footnote_204_204"></a><a href="#FNanchor_204_204"><span class="label">[204]</span></a> <cite>Walpoliana</cite>, i. xi-xiv.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_205_205" id="Footnote_205_205"></a><a href="#FNanchor_205_205"><span class="label">[205]</span></a> See Mr. Robins's <i>Catalogue of the Classic Contents of
+Strawberry Hill</i>, etc. (1842), 4to. It is compiled in his
+well-known grandiloquent manner; but includes an account
+of the Castle by Harrison Ainsworth, together with
+many interesting details. It gave rise to a humorous squib
+by Crofton Croker, entitled <i>Gooseberry Hall</i>, with 'Puffatory
+Remarks,' and cuts.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_206_206" id="Footnote_206_206"></a><a href="#FNanchor_206_206"><span class="label">[206]</span></a> <cite>Walpole to Montagu</cite>, 12 March, 1768.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_207_207" id="Footnote_207_207"></a><a href="#FNanchor_207_207"><span class="label">[207]</span></a> The full titles of these memoirs are <cite>Memoires of the
+last Ten Years of the Reign of King George II.</cite> Edited
+by Lord Holland. 2 vols. 4to., 1822; and <cite>Memoirs of the
+Reign of King George III.</cite> Edited, with Notes, by Sir
+Denis Le Marchant, Bart. 4 vols. 8vo., 1845. Both were
+reviewed, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">more suo</i>, by Mr. Croker in the <cite>Quarterly</cite>, with
+the main intention of proving that all Walpole's pictures
+of his contemporaries were coloured and distorted by
+successive disappointments arising out of his solicitude
+concerning the patent places from which he derived his
+income,&mdash;in other words (Mr. Croker's words!), that
+'the whole is "a copious polyglot of spleen."' Such an
+investigation was in the favourite line of the critic, and
+might be expected to result in a formidable indictment.
+But the best judges hold it to have been exaggerated, and
+to-day the method of Mr Croker is more or less discredited.
+Indeed, it is an instance of those quaint revenges
+of the whirligig of Time, that some of his utterances are
+really more applicable to himself than to Walpole. 'His
+[Walpole's] natural inclination [says Croker] was to grope
+an obscure way through mazes and <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">souterrains</i> rather than
+walk the high road by daylight. He is never satisfied
+with the plain and obvious cause of any effect, and is
+for ever striving after some tortuous solution.' This is
+precisely what unkind modern critics affirm of the Rt.
+Honourable John Wilson Croker.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_208_208" id="Footnote_208_208"></a><a href="#FNanchor_208_208"><span class="label">[208]</span></a> <cite>Idler</cite>, No. lxxvii. (6 Oct., 1759).</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_209_209" id="Footnote_209_209"></a><a href="#FNanchor_209_209"><span class="label">[209]</span></a> See Appendix, p. <a href="#Page_320">320</a>. To the advocates of the
+rival school Walpole's utterance, perhaps inevitably,
+appears in a less favourable light. 'Horace Walpole
+published an <cite>Essay on Modern Gardening</cite> in 1785, in
+which he repeated what other writers had said on the
+subject. This was at once translated, and had a great
+circulation on the Continent. The <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">jardin à l'Anglaise</i>
+became the rage; many beautiful old gardens were
+destroyed in France and elsewhere; and Scotch and
+English gardeners were in demand all over Europe to
+renovate gardens in the English manner. It is not an
+exhilarating thought that in the one instance in which English
+taste in a matter of design has taken hold on the
+Continent, it has done so with such disastrous results'
+(<cite>The Formal Garden in England</cite>, 2nd edn., 1892, p. 86).</p></div></div>
+
+
+<div class='transnote'><h3>Transcriber's Notes:</h3>
+    <p>Minor punctuation and printer errors repaired.</p>
+    <p>Every effort has been made to replicate this text as faithfully as possible, including obsolete and variant spellings, inconsistent punctuation, and other inconsistencies.</p>
+    <p>Obvious printer's errors corrected.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Horace Walpole, by Austin Dobson
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+</pre>
+
+</body>
+</html>
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author	nfenwick <nfenwick@pglaf.org>	2025-02-06 18:15:18 -0800
committer	nfenwick <nfenwick@pglaf.org>	2025-02-06 18:15:18 -0800
commit	5c4a4151bb4cd2a4bcb07faf799b2e5cabd6bdd6 (patch)
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