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diff --git a/old/53452-0.txt b/old/53452-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 06bb116..0000000 --- a/old/53452-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1121 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The History of the Life and Death of Sultan -Solyman the Magnificent, by T. Cooper - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - -Title: The History of the Life and Death of Sultan Solyman the Magnificent - Emperor of the Turks and of his son Mustapha - -Author: T. Cooper - -Release Date: November 5, 2016 [EBook #53452] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORY OF SULTAN SOLYMAN *** - - - - -Produced by Turgut Dincer (This book was produced from -images made available by the HathiTrust Digital Library.) - - - - - - - - - - THE - - HISTORY - - OF THE - - LIFE and DEATH - - OF SULTAN - - SOLYMAN the Magnificent, - - _Emperor of the_ Turks, - - And of his Son - - _MUSTAPHA._ - - INSCRIB’D TO - - The Spectators of _MUSTAPHA_, a - Tragedy: Acted at the _Theatre-Royal_, in - _Drury-Lane_. - - With a Geographical Description of the Progress - of the Emperor Solyman’s Armies in _Hungary_, - _Germany_, and several other Parts of _Europe_, - _Asia_, and _Africa_. - - _LONDON:_ - - Printed for T. Cooper, at the _Globe_, in - _Paternoster-Row._ M.DCC.XXXIX. - - -[Illustration] - - - - -THE - -HISTORY - -OF - -Solyman the Magnificent, and Mustapha his Son. - - -As the Town has been so agreeably entertain’d with the -Tragedy of Mustapha, written by the celebrated Author of Eurydice, and -other valuable Pieces, I think it will not be amiss to give a short -Account of the Life and Actions of _Solyman_, the Father of _Mustapha_, -mix’d with those of that unfortunate Prince, who gives Title to the -Play. - -Solyman the Magnificent, (Father to _Mustapha_, by a beautiful -_Circassian_ Slave, and _Tzianger_, by the ambitious _Roxolana_) was -one of the most potent Princes of the _Othoman Race_: He was the Son -of _Selimus_, who died in the midst of his Victories, upon the Road -to Adrianople, of a _Cancer_ in his Reins, in September 1520, when -_Charles_ V. was Emperor of _Germany_, _Henry_ VIII. King of _England_, -_Francis_ I. King of France, _James_ V. King of _Scotland_, and _Leo_ -X. Pope of Rome. - -At the Time of his Father’s Death, _Solyman_ was at _Magnesia_[A], and -receiving Notice of his Father’s Death from _Ferhates Bassa_, only, -(as _Selimus_ his Father had formerly attempted to poison him, fearing -his amiable Qualities) gave little Credit to the Information: But when -he received the Confirmation from _Pyrrhus_, and _Mustapha_, _Bassas_ -at Adrianople, he ventur’d to Scutari[B], where he was met by the -_Aga_ of the _Janizaries_[C], and Numbers of the People, (yet ignorant -of the Death of _Selimus_) from whence he was conducted over to -_Constantinople_[D], where the Body of the _Janizaries_ were prepar’d -on the Shore to meet him. - -The Moment he landed, the _Aga_ cry’d with a loud Voice, _Behold_ your -_Emperor_ Solyman! The _Janizaries_, transported with Joy, reply’d with -one Voice, Long live Solyman, our great Emperor! - -Solyman was in his Twentieth Year, when he was first seated in -the Turkish _Throne_; and for several Years reign’d as a _benign -Prince_. But being corrupted by the Artifices of _Roxolana_, and the -impious Designs of _Rustan_ his Grand Vizir, who wedded a Daughter of -_Roxolana_’s, began to dip his Hands in Blood. - -However he perform’d many glorious Actions at the Head of his own -Armies. - -The first Year of his Reign, he took from _Lewis_ King of _Hungary_, a -peaceable Prince, the strong City of _Belgrade_[E]. - -He afterwards turn’d his Arms against the City of _Rhodes_. I shall be -something particular in this Siege, because our Countrymen had a hand -in bravely defending the place. - -Solyman was not present at the first investing of[F] _Rhodes_; but -his Troops being often beat by the Besieged, and losing above forty -Thousand of his Soldiers, (tho’ the _Rhodians_ were not six Thousand -fighting Men) be repair’d to the Camp to encourage his Troops. - -The Emperor’s Arrival gave new life to his fainting Army; and -perceiving the _English_ Bulwark annoy’d him most, sprung a Mine, that -blew many a brave _Englishman_ to Immortality. - -The Turks upon this Success, with loud Shouts attack’d the Breach; -but the Grand Master, _Philip Vellinus_, at the Head of the remaining -_English_, repuls’d them, with the Loss of two Thousand _Janizaries_. - -The Cannon of the Besieged did great Execution among the _Turks_, and -their being often repuls’d, gave _Solyman_ but little Hopes of gaining -the City by Force; for even the Women of all Degrees threw down Stones -from the Battlements on the Heads of the Besiegers, when they came to -scale their Walls. - -Solyman, after musing alone in his Tent, sent for all his chief -Commanders, and told them he would make one general Assault; and if the -City was taken, the Troops should be rewarded with the Plunder. - -A poor Christian Slave hearing the Proclamation to the Troops, found -Means to let the _Rhodians_ know of _Solyman_’s Design for the next Day. - -The _Grand Master_ (at this Notice) prepar’d every thing to oppose them. - -The next Morning before Break of Day, the _Turks_ attack’d the City -with loud _Tecbirs_, or Shouts of _Onset_, in five several Places -at once with fifty Thousand Men. The Enemy was repuls’d with great -Slaughter from the _English_ and _Italian_ Quarter. But in the mean -time _Mustapha_ Bassa, and _Achmetes_ Bassa, attack’d the _Spanish_ -Bulwark, (whose Defenders were three parts gone to assist the _Italian_ -and _English_) and soon became Masters of it. - -But the _Grand Master_, with several Knights of the Order, retook it -again, after an obstinate Defence, with the Death of all the _Turks_. - -This Success gave new Life to the _Rhodians_, who every where repuls’d -their Enemies. - -Solyman on a neighbouring Hill saw all with the utmost Vexation of -Mind, and seeing no Hope of Success, order’d a Retreat to be sounded: -The harrass’d Troops retir’d to their Camp, leaving above twenty -Thousand of their Fellows lifeless behind them, as a Token of the -Valour of their Enemies. - -This ill Success so provok’d _Solyman_, that he gave Orders that -_Mustapha Bassa_ should immediately be put to death, tho’ he had done -all in the Assault a wise and brave General could do. - -Pyrrhus _Bassa_ hearing of this severe Command, notwithstanding -_Solyman_’s Rage, went to intercede for him; but his Rage continuing, -he order’d _Pyrrhus_ to undergo the same Fate. - -The rest of his Council fell at his Feet to hinder so cruel a Command, -some begging to suffer with them, vowing never to rise till their -honest Suit was granted. - -The Emperor’s Passion at last subsiding, he pardon’d _Mustapha_ and -_Pyrrhus_. - -However, his Admiral, because he could not prevent the Relief that -came by Sea into the Town, did not fare quite so well. He was order’d -to receive the Bastinado (or Scourging) as a common Slave, on board -his own Galley, and had been put to death, but for the Persuasion of -_Achmetes Bassa_, who had a great Influence over _Solyman_. - -The _Emperor’s_ ill Success began to make him turn his Thoughts from -the Siege, tho’ with the utmost Reluctance; to see the Course of his -victorious Arms stopp’d by a handful of Men, was what his ambitious -Soul could not bear. - -He summon’d another Council of War of all his grand Officers, where, -after many Debates, he was persuaded to continue the Siege, and by the -Strength of their Vows and Promises to conquer, he began to build him -a Palace on the Brow of Mount _Philermus_, where from the Battlements -he could take a View of what was done in the City of _Rhodes_. But -the Gross of the _Turkish_ Army murmur’d at the Continuance of the -Siege, shot Letters upon the Heads of Arrows frequently into the Town -discovering every thing that was done in Council, with Promise of the -Revolt of _Mustapha Bassa_ for the ill Usage he had receiv’d from the -Emperor _Solyman_. - -But notwithstanding the Valour of the _Rhodians_, (who twice more -repuls’d the _Othomans_ with great Slaughter) they began to want every -thing that was necessary: And by eager Persuasions of the Inhabitants -that had Families in the City, he was prevail’d upon to send an Embassy -to _Solyman_, tho’ not before the _Turks_ had gain’d two hundred Paces -in Breadth, and a hundred and fifty in Length, within the outward Wall. - -When the _Ambassador_ came before _Solyman_, he demanded the immediate -Surrender of the City; and if the _Rhodians_ would trust his Clemency, -now, without farther Hostilities, their Lives, Estates and Freedoms -should be safe. - -Solyman imagining these Promises would prevail upon the harrass’d -_Rhodians_, sent a Letter to the same purpose to be read in publick to -them by a _Genoese_. - -When the Letter was read, the Grand Master was of the opinion to hold -out the Siege to the last: But a _Greek Priest_, with Tears running -down his Cheeks, begg’d he would prevent the final Destruction of -so many innocent People; at the same time praising the Clemency of -_Solyman_ to those that yielded to his Arms. - -He was constrain’d to comply with their Desires, and surrender’d the -City to the Emperor, who enter’d in Triumph on the 25th of _December_ -1522. - -In the Year 1526, _Solyman_ turn’d his Arms against _Hungary_, with an -Army of two hundred thousand Men, and advanc’d as far as _Sophia_[G], -before the indolent _Lewis_ King of _Hungary_ heard of his March. - -At _Mohatz_[H] the young King met _Solyman_’s Army with twenty-five -thousand Men, and by ill Persuasion gave Battle on the 29th of -_October_ 1528, and his Army was defeated. _Lewis_ endeavouring to make -his Escape, was smother’d in a Ditch where his Horse had plung’d him. - -Solyman did nothing extraordinary in the military Way till the Spring -1529, When the Fame of his Arms made the strong City _Buda_[I] an -easy Conquest; for the Inhabitants, struck with in universal Terror, -abandon’d the Place, and he enter’d the empty _City_ in _Triumph_. -But the _Citadel_ Was bravely defended by the Governor, _Thomas -Nadasti_, till the Garrison was reduc’d to three hundred; who seiz’d -the Governor, to deliver him up to _Solyman_, upon Condition they were -to march out with Bag and Baggage. But _Solyman_ despising their -Trachery, order’d his _Janizaries_ to put the Soldiers to Death, and -dismiss’d the _Governor_ with magnificent Presents, for the Revard of -his Valour, and Integrity to his Prince. - -After the taking of _Buda_, _Solyman_ was resolv’d to penetrate into -the Heart of _Germany_, and lay siege to the City of[K] _Vienna_, the -capital City of _Austria_. - -In his March he suffer’d his Troops to commit all Sorts of Outrages, -destroying all the Country with Fire and Sword, even beyond _Vienna_, -as far as _Lintz_[L]. He encamp’d before the City, _September_ the -26th, 1529, and invested it, that no Succour could be sent into the -Town. - -He sent word by several Prisoners he had taken, that it was in vain to -defend their _Walls_ against the vindictive Force that had conquer’d -_Rhodes_, _Belgrade_ and _Buda_. But receiving no Answer, but _Sallies_ -from the city, he began to plant his _Cannon_, and batter the _Walls_, -tho’ without Success; for his heavy Cannon, with the Vessels that -bore them, were sunk in the _Danube_ by the brave _Wolfgang Hoder_, -Commander of the Grand Duke’s Galleys. This unexpected Misfortune -gave _Solyman_, not only Uneasiness, but Terror, which was augmented -by Reports, that all the Powers of _Germany_ were marching to protect -_Vienna_. - -In every Assault he seem’d to have the worst; all his _Mines_ were -_countermined_, and blown up, with considerable _Bodies_ of his best -_Troops_. - -He therefore rais’d the Siege, with this Pretence, That _he did not -come to besiege_ Vienna, _but to meet with_ Ferdinand _King of_ -Hungary, _to fight with him for his Dominions_. - -The following Year he _circumcised_[M] his three Sons, _Mustapha_, that -he had by a _Circassian_[N] Slave, _Mahomet_ and _Selimus_, by two -other Slaves of the _Seraglio_[O]. - -In the Year 1532 _Solyman_ made another Expedition into _Hungary_: He -invested[P] _Guntz_; but it was so well defended by its Governor, the -valiant _Nicholas Turischitz_, that Solyman abandon’d the Siege. - -Solyman by long Marches, sate down before _Gratz_[Q], but hearing of -a powerful Army headed by _Charles_ V, and _Ferdinand_ his Brother, -he thought fit to march back to _Constantinople_, after the Loss of a -great Number of Troops, commanded by _Bassa Fereses_, and _Cæsan_. - -In the Year 1514, _Solyman_ sent _Barbarossa_ the _Pyrate_, then in -league with him, to invade _Africa_, where he did much mischief both -in Africa, and the Sea-coasts of _Italy_, and the _Islands_ of the -_Mediterranean_. He after conquer’d the Kingdom of[R] _Tunis_ and by -his Arts as well as Arms caus’d himself to be proclaim’d King. - -Solyman, by the Persuasion of _Ibrahim Bassa_, this Year undertook -his War against _Persia_, attended by his Son _Mustapha_, now about -thirteen Years of Age, where he first trod in the Paths of War. The -Rendezvous of the Army was at the City of _Nice_[S] - -From thence he dispatch’d _Ibrahim_ and _Ulemas_ with a strong Army -to ravage _Syria_, where they took _Tauris_[T] from King _Damas_ But -these Generals being advertiz’d of great Preparations against them, -inform’d _Solyman_ of it, who came to their Relief with the utmost -Expedition. - -As _Solyman_ was in his March to meet the Enemy, being encamp’d in a -vast Plain, there rose such a violent Storm in the Night of Rain, Hail -and Snow, from the adjacent Mountains, that Men and Beasts of Carriage -were smother’d, many of the Soldiers perish’d to death in their Tents, -even _Solyman_’s Pavilion was near being wash’d away. The superstitious -Soldiers imagin’d it was a Storm rais’d by the _Magicians_ of _Persia_, -and murmur’d at a War as waged against Heaven, expeding in the Dark -(for the Storm had extinguish’d all their Fires) the Enemy would come -upon them, and destroy them all; but the approaching Day dissipated -that Fear with the End of the Storm. - -The next Day _Solyman_ march’d towards _Babylon_[U], whose Governor -being fled for Fear, (not being provided for a Siege) the City was -peaceably surrender’d to him. - -He then proceeded to retake _Tauris_, that _Damas_ had recover’d from -the _Turks_; but _Damas_ fled at the Approach of _Solyman_, which so -much enrag’d him (because he could not bring him to a Battle) that he -gave that opulent City to the Plunder of his Soldiers. - -As _Solyman_ was continuing his March to destroy the Country, a Party -of _Damas_’s Horse, commanded by _Delimonthes_, one of his Generals, -set upon the Rear of _Solyman_’s Army (who was some Leagues before ’em) -in the Night, and made a prodigious Slaughter. - -This Overthrow grieved _Solyman_ sorely, insomuch that he order’d -his Army to return, very much disgusted with _Ibrahim Bassa_, that -advis’d him to this Expedition. - -This Disgust was heighten’d by _Roxolana_, because _Ibrahim_ was in -_Mustapha_’s Interest, which was contrary to her own. - -Solyman had given his Oath and Promise to _Ibrahim_, he should never -be kill’d while he liv’d. But inviting him to a solemn Supper, he that -Night had his Throat cut while he slept; _Solyman_ pretending he had -not broke his Oath, because he was kill’d while he slept. - -Now _Mustapha_ began to be a Follower of _Mars_, and perform’d so many -noble Acts, that he was the only Joy of his Father, who intended him -his Successor. - -The ambitious _Roxolana_, alarm’d at the tender Love _Solyman_ bore -_Mustapha_, was resolv’d to ruin him in his favour; she therefore by -an Over-praise first made the _Sultan_ believe, she had an entire -Affection for him, that she might better work her Design upon him. - -She would by a vile Insinuation, tell the Sultan, how happy he was in a -Son, so brave and valiant, that had gain’d the Hearts of all the prime -Men in the Empire, as well as the entire Love of the Soldiers; hinting -that it was well _Mustapha_’s Duty, and Love to his Father, would -prevent his making a wrong use of it, throwing in by-the-by, that many -Sons had murder’d their Fathers to get their Thrones. - -These Speeches, often back’d by _Rustan_, the Grand Vizir, and the -Mufti, (the Pope of the Turks) began to alarm _Solyman_, whose Weakness -made him forget by Degrees the amiable Qualities of _Mustapha_. This -Opinion was strengthen’d by his secret League with the _Persian_, whom -the _Turks_ esteem as _Hereticks_, preferring _Hali_ before _Mahomet_ -their Prophet, which Difference may be compar’d to the _Protestant_ and -_Catholick_ Religions. - -Solyman had four Sons by _Roxolana_, _Mahomet_, _Selimus_, (who after -succeeded his Father) _Bajazet_ and _Tzianger_, (whom our Author calls -Zanger). - -Zanger had contracted a strict Union of Love and Friendship with -_Mustapha_, and _Roxolana_ lov’d _Zanger_ beyond her other Sons. - -But not being the _Sultana Queen_[W], that is, not wedded to the -_Sultan_, she fear’d the more, that at the Death of _Solyman_, -_Mustapha_ would be Emperor, and then, as the Custom was among the -_Turks_, when they a ascend the Throne, the whole Blood that were Males -would he put to Death. - -Mustapha was by her Desire sent to _Caramania_[X], that she might -pursue her Designs to his Ruin. - -The first thing she had to do was to prevail on the Emperor to wed -her; for being his Queen, would effectually disinherit (as we say) -_Mustapha_. - -To bring this about, she took it in her head to be very religious, -built an Hospital, and a Church. When these were finih’d, she ask’d the -_Mufti_ if such Acts of Charity would not be grateful to Heaven! and be -a Means to save her precious Soul! The good Mufti (receiving a Bribe -before-hand, for there is Bribery and Corruption in _Turkey_ as well as -other Places) reply’d, her Soul would not be a Grain the better for it, -because she was a Slave. - -This afflicted the good _Roxolana_ in a surprising manner; She would -not take any Nourishment; her Eyes were ever in Tears, and her Heart -heav’d with Sighs every Moment (I mean when she was in the Presence of -_Solyman_.) - -The good Emperor (for he lov’d her sincerely) could not bear to see her -Tears, therefore order’d her to be made free. - -When this Part of her Plot had succeded she put on all her Charms -again, and seem’d the most satisfy’d happy Lady in the World. - -In a few Days after her Manumission, the _Emperor_ sent his chief -_Eunuch_, to fetch her to his _Bed-Chamber_: The pious Lady came, but -with Hands up-lifted, with an _Alcoran_ held fast between them, told -the Emperor, she could not be so happy to partake of the Honour of his -Bed now she was no more a Slave, but she would consult the Mufti, and -if he could dispense with it, she would with the utmost Joy comply. - -The _Mufti_, who knew what he was to do, declar’d she could never enter -_Mahomet_’s _Paradise_, if she yielded to the Emperor’s Desires without -being his Wife. - -The Emperor, well satisfy’d with the _Mufti_’s Answer, had the -Marriage-Rites perform’d, and gave her 5000 _Sultana_’s for her pearly -Dowry. - -Being satisfy’d so far, she now proceeded to procure the Death of -_Mustapha_. She got counterfeit Letters convey’d to the Sultan, that -shew’d that _innocent_ Prince in a _false_ and _guilty_ Light. - -But this not having the quick Effect she wish’d, she endeavour’d to cut -him off by Poison, but to no purpose, for he escap’d the Trap. She at -last procur’d a Letter that _Mustapha_ was contracted to the Daughter -of the King of _Persia_. - -This wrought so much upon _Solyman_, that he dwelt no longer upon the -Ruin of his Son. - -In order to this he sent _Ruftan_ with an Army to fetch his Son. But -finding the Prince prepar’d for him, he return’d, told _Solyman_, he -was so belov’d by the Army he commanded, that he thought it Prudence to -return as he went. - -This so inrag’d the Emperor, that he went in Person with an Army -to _Aleppo_[Y], where he sent for the _unfortunate Prince_; and -notwithstanding he was forewarn’d of his Danger, yet he resolv’d to -pay Obedience to his Father’s Commands. When he was near the City the -crafty _Rustan_ sent several great Officers with the _Janizaries_ to -meet him, and then insinuated to the Emperor the Love the People bore -him in going in Crouds to meet him. - -Mustapha approach’d his Father’s Tent with few of his Followers: At -the Entrance he threw by his Dagger, as the Custom is when any Person -enters the Tent of the _Sultan_. - -When he had enter’d the inmost Part of the Pavilion, he found but a -single _Sofa_ to sit on, which he took for an ill Omen. An Attendant -coming in, he ask’d where the Emperor was, who reply’d he would see -him presently. The _Prince_ was melancholy, well knowing his Death was -approaching; and a few Moments after, the Mutes enter’d and strangled -him. The Emperor himself, through another Part of the Tent, beheld the -fatal Spectacle. - -He was so hopeful a Prince, that the Turks, even to this Day, often -say, _Gietti Sultan Mustapha_, that is, _Our Hope is lost in_ Mustapha. - -When the cruel Murder was perform’d, the Emperor met _Zanger_ at the -Door of the Pavilion, enquiring for his dear _Mustapha_! The Emperor -bid him enter to the inward Tent, and he would find him. - -But when the noble _Zanger_ saw him breathless, he cry’d out to hit -unnatural _Father_; _How could it enter into thy cruel Heart to murder -so sweet a Prince!_ Then drawing a Ponyard from his Side, plung’d it in -his Heart, and expir’d upon the breathless Body of his dear Brother. - -Thus fell two worthy Princes, that might have grac’d with their Virtue -and Courage (had they liv’d) the Annals of the _Turkish_ Empire. - -When the Troops were acquainted with the Death of _Mustapha_ and -_Zanger_, they assembled in a tumultuous Manner to avenge his Death: -_Achmetes_ the Tutor to _Mustapha_ led them on. _Solyman_, to appease -their Rage, disgrac’d _Rustan_, turn’d him out of all his Posts, and -conferr’d them on _Achmetes_, with a Promise never to displace him; -but _Rustan_, assisted by the artful _Roxolana_, procur’d the Death of -_Achmetes_, and was by the Emperor restor’d to all his former Honours, -and by him more esteem’d than ever. - -Mustapha was so well beloved, that a false _Mustapha_ appear’d, and was -follow’d by the Malecontents till he had gather’d a powerful Army, But -the Threats of _Solyman_ intimidated his Troops to such a Degree, that -they forsook their false General, who was taken Prisoner, and carry’d -to _Constantinople_, where the Emperor by torture made him confess that -_Bajazet_, his Son by _Roxolana_, had put him upon the false and fatal -Enterprize. _Roxolana_ had _Selimus_, another Son, by _Solyman_; and -after the Death of the two unfortunate Princes _Mustapha_ and _Zanger_, -the Sultan seem’d most to favour _Selimus_, but _Roxolana_, _Bajazet_. -But it was with much Difficulty she gain’d his Pardon from the Emperor -his Father, for his promoting a false _Mustapha_. - -Solyman to the last of his Life regretted the Loss of his _Mustapha_ -and _Zanger_. He died of a Consumption after gaining many Victories, -in the Year 1566, the 14th of _September_, in the 76th Year of his -Age, and the 46th Year of his Reign. As to his Person; he was of an -advantageous Height, well made, but pale, his Nose long and hooked, -more faithful to his Promise than most of his Predecessors, and wanted -not many Virtues to form a good Prince. - -I can’t help ending the Trifle, with congratulating the Author of the -Play with his Success, which is owing to his Conduct in the Story, the -many beautiful Sentiments, and the Correctness of his Poetry. I was -pleas’d the first Night not to find those _Goths_ and _Vandals_, that -(like stabbing Men in the Dark) assassinate without the least Mercy. - - - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[A] _Magnesia_ a City in _Asia_ the Less, _Capital_ of _Caria_, by -some Authors called _Mangresia_ situated near the celebrated River -Mæander, from whence it was called Magnesia ad Mæendrum to -distinguish it from other Cities of the same name. It is situate about -a Degree (or twenty Leagues) north-east from Symirna and half a Degree -from the ancient City of Ephesus, famous for the _Temple of Diana_, The -great General Themistocles was banish’d to _Magnesia_ and died there in -his Banishment. - -[B] _Scutari_, a Town in the _Lesser Asia_, over-agaist -_Constantinople_, as Southwark is to London, only the _Bosphorus_ is -thrice at broad between _Scutary_ and _Constantinople_; by some Authors -supposed to be built out of the Ruins of the ancient Chalcedon. - -[C] _Aga_ of the _Janizaries_, that is _General_ of the _first_ warlike -_Body_ of the _Empire_. In former times, they were composed of the -_Sons_ of _Christian Slaves_, but now they are augmented in a great -Body, upwards of an hundred thousand Men, that have by their number -the disposal of the _Turkish Empire_, and are very willing for a _new_ -Change; for generally the Successor of the Empire, at his ascending the -throne, gives this body of Troops a Largess or Present, that as soon as -receiv’d makes them willing to with another Emperor. - -[D] _Constantinople_, by the _Turks_ called _Stamboul_, (formerly -_Byzantium_) took its name from _Constantine_ the _Great_, who himself -gave it the name of _New Rome_; where he _establish’d a Senate_, with -every other _Constitution_, according to _ancient Rome_. - -[E] _Belgrade_ (the ancient _Alba Græca_) built on the River Save, -near its Fall into the Danube, is the Capital of _Rascia_, a Province -of Hungary; it has often chang’d its Masters, though for many ages the -_Bulwark_ of the _Christians_ against the Othomans. _Amurath_ II. lost -the best part of his Army before it. His Son _Mahomet_ was forced to -raise the Siege with infinite loss, by a _Stratagem_ of the heroick -_John Huniades_. He suffer’d a large Body of the Enemy to enter the -Town, who immediately fell to plundering; in the mean time, he made a -Tally upon the remaining Troops without, and put them to flight; then -turning their own Cannon on the Plunderers, forced them to abandon the -City, leaving their Tents, Baggage, Provision, and Ammunition behind -them. In the Year 1521, it was taken by this _Solyman_, after a furious -Siege of two Months. It remain’d in the hands of the _Othomans_, till -the Year 1688, when the Imperialists took it by storm; fix hundred -Christian Slaves were chain’d together, and by the _Turks_ placed in -a rank before them, who by that means secured themselves, as well as -Christians from the furious Attacks of the _Germans_. It was retaken by -the _Turks_ two Years after, by an accidental _Bomb_ falling into their -_Magazine_ of Powder, that near half the Garrison were destroy’d, with -the Fortifications of the City. Pope _Leo_ X. made it a Bishoprick. - -[F] _Rhodes_ (Rhodus) is an _Island_ in the _Mediterranean_ Sea, near -fifty Leagues in compass; the _Capital_ City, that _Solyman_ besieg’d, -takes its name from the _Island_. _Rhodes_ was once famous for a mighty -_Colossus_ dedicated to the Sun, of such a monstrous size that Vessels -_sail’d_ in _the Harbour_ between its Legs: it was seventy Cubits high. -The Brass of this Statue, (after it was thrown down by an Earthquake) -loaded seventy-two Camels, and was transported to _Alexandria_ in -_Egypt_, when it was taken by _Muhavia_ the Sultan. _Rhodes_ is -seated seven Leagues from the nearest Coast of _Asia_ to the South, -forty-seven from _Candi_ (another Island in the _Mediterranean_, made -famous by the Poets by the name of _Crete_) to the North-East, and a -hundred and sixty Leagues from _Constantinople_ to the South. It was -first peopled by _Javan_, the Grandson of _Japhet_, before any part -of _Greece_ was inhabited: in a few ages after, the _Phœnicians_ -(famous for spreading Traffic over the World that was then known) -possess’d it. It was made a _Roman Province_ by _Vespasian_. In 654 it -was taken by the _Saracens_: in 1124 it was conquer’d by _Venetians_ -it was taken in the Year 1227 by _John Ducas_, _Admiral_ of the -_Greeks_: in 1283, it fell with all lesser _Asia_ into the hands of -the _Othomans_: in 1310, it was taken (after a four Years Siege) by -the Knights of St. _John_ of _Jerusalem_, under _Fulk Villers_, an -_Englishman_, afterwards _Grand Master_ of the _Order_. It was vainly -attempted twice by _Mahomet_ II; till taken by Treachery by _Solyman_ -the Magnificent. The _Knights_ of _Rhodes_ retir’d to _Sicily_; till -the Year 1530, _Charles_ V. gave them the Grant of the _Island_ of -_Malta_, where they have flourish’d ever since, often checking the -Insults of the _Turkish_ maritime Power. - -[G] _Sophia_, the _Capital_ City of _Bulgaria_, a _Province_ of -_Hungary_, now in the hands of the _Othomans_. (The Turks are called -_Othomans_, from _Othoman_, the _first_ Founder of their _Empire_.) -’Tis seated on the River _Ciabrum_. It is famous for a General Council -that met in the Year 347, which condemn’d the Proceedings of the -Council of _Nice_, a City of _Bythinia_, that met in the year 325. -There it another City of that name in _Provence_. - -[H] _Mohatz_, a strong Town in Lower _Hungary_ upon the _Danube_. - -[I] _Buda_ is the Capital of the Kingdom of _Hungary_ formerly a rich -and strong City, before it fell into the hands of the _Othomans_, who -deftroy’d most of the stately Edifices: it lies on the west of the -River Danube over-against the Town of _Peste_ and join’d to it by a -Bridge of Boats, the Stream being too rapid, and wide to admit of any -other. In the year 1179 Pope _Nicholas_ III, and _Ladislaus_ King of -_Hungary_ held a _Council_ here. It is divided in two _Parts_, the -_Upper_ and the _Lower_; in the Lower Town there are now many _Baths_, -both _cold_ and _hot_, very finely adorn’d by the _Turks_ to perform -their _Abdest_ or _Washing_, before they enter their _Mosques_ or -Places of Devotion. It was taken by this _Solyman_ 1526, and retaken -by _Ferdinand_ Archduke Of _Austria_ 1527; _Solyman_ retook it again -1529, after the Garrison had bravely defended it in _eleven_ vigorous -Assaults. Ferdinand in 1541 attack’d it, when the Siege was raised by -our _Solyman_. It was twice besieg’d by the Christians without success -in 1598, and in 1601: in 1680 the Duke of _Lorrain_ besieg’d it without -success; but in 1686 took it by storm, after a noble Defence, tho’ -an Army of fifty thousand _Turks_ look’d on. The Duke found there -the famous Library of the _Hungarian Kings_, inlarg’d by_ Matthias -Corvinus_, entire, which he transported to _Vienna_; four hundred -pieces of Cannon and Mortars, three hundred thousand gold Ducats, -besides many rich Vessels of Gold and Silver, magnificent Furniture, -and other valuable things. - -[K] _Vienna_, the Capital of Germany, seated on the Danube, circled -by that River, as _Shrewsbury_ is by the _Severn_, it is one of -the largest Cities in _Germany_, as well as the strongest, and the -Residence of the Emperor. - -[L] _Lintz_, a _Capital City_ of the Upper _Austria_, built upon -the _Danube_, with a handsome _Bridge_ over _that river_; ’tis a -well-fortified, strong, and populous place. The _Emperor_ has a -_castle_ for Pleasure, where he often retires from Business. It stands -about thirty Miles from _Vienna_. - -[M] _Circumcision_ is not one of the _five Points_ which makes a -true _Mohametan_, but by Tradition brought from the _Arabians_. The -_Othomans_ never perform this Ceremony, till the male Child is upwards -of seven Years old. The Operator is a Surgeon. When the Child is -recover’d of his Wound, he is placed on horseback, and led through -the chief Streets of the Town, attended by the _Iman_ (or _Priest_) -with Children of its own Age. Till the Child is perfectly cured, the -Parents make a great Feast, inviting their Relations and Acquaintance -to partake of their Mirth. Grown People, or those that turn from the -Christian Religion (called Renegadoes) ride in triumph, with a Dart in -their left Hand, the Point directed to their left _Breast_, to signify -they would sooner have it thrust thro’ their Heart, than renounce that -Faiths being in the nature of Baptism with the Christians. - -[N] _Circassia_ is a Province that extends from the _Bosphorus_ to the -_Eastern_ Shore of the _Euxine Sea_, famous for its beautiful Women; -and the _Seraglio_ is generally filled with them for the service of the -Emperor. - -[O] The _Seraglio_ is the _Emperor’s Palace_, with large Gardens -bordering on the _Bosphorus_, the Sea that parts _Constantinople_ in -_Europe_, and _Scutari_ in _Asia_. There the Emperor’s Women are kept, -each in favour having their particular Apartments, being generally -attended by _black Eunuchs_, and those of the most deformed sort. The -young Slaves are also brought up here in a large Apartment, near the -Gate of the _Seraglio_ and though the Sons of Slaves often rise to the -highest Posts in the Empire; for in _Turkey_ Birth is seldom regarded, -but the greatest Merit rises to the highest Post, contrary to the Rules -of other Nations, where _Bribes_ and _Favour_ promote the Worthless. At -the age of twelve they are taken from the _Seraglio_, and employ’d in -Business according to their Capacity. - -[P] _Guntz_, a small Town, situate upon a River of the same name in -_Lower Hungary_. - -[Q] _Gratz_, the Capital City of _Stiria_; it stands upon the River -_Mure_, twenty Miles from _Vienna_ to the South. - -[R] _Tunis_, the _Capital_ of a Country of the same name, is a large -City, five Miles in circumference. It a noble Port on the Coast of -_Barbary_, upon the _Mediterranean_, about eight Leagues from old -_Carthage_, the Birth-place of the famous _Hannibal_. This City has had -more Revolutions and Masters than any City in the Universe: but since -1570 it has remain’d in the possession of Kings of their own, till the -Line was extinct; and is now govern’d by a Bey as a Commonwealth, under -the Protection of the _Turk_. - -[S] _Nice_, the Capital of _Bythinia_, (the old _Antigonia_.) This -City is remarkable for that famous _Council_ held against _Arianism_, -relating to the time of celebrating _Easter_ among the Christians, -with some Points of Church-Discipline, in the Imperial Palace of -_Constantine_ the _Great_, in the Year 325 of Christianity. There was -another design’d in the Year 359, but prevented by a sudden Earthquake, -which destroy’d a great part of the City. There was another Council -assembled in the Year 787, made up of three hundred and fifty Bishops. -_Nice_ was taken by _Godfrey_ of _Boloigne_ in his way to _Jerusalem_ -in order to commence the Holy War, that cost so many thousand Lives, -and drain’d the Purses of almost all _Europe_. - -[T] _Tauris_ (the old _Ecbatana_) the second City in the _Kingdom_ of -_Persia_, situated about thirty Miles from the _Caspian Sea_. In 849 -it was deftroy’d by an Earthquake, very frequent in those mountainous -Countries. It underwent several Revolutions between the _Turks_ and -_Persians_, but now it remains in the hands of the famous _Kouli Kan_. - -[U] _Babylon_ (or _Bagdat_ by the _Turks_ and _Persians_) is a City -celebrated in _sacred_ and _profane History_. It is built upon the -Banks of the famous River _Euphrates_, that had its spring from -_Paradise_ itself. It is said the Builder was _Nimrod_, the Grandchild -of _Noah_. The Walls were formerly forty-eight Miles in compass, and so -broad that two Chariots might pass each other. _Alexander_ in one of -his Victories made this Conquest, and in this City, Death put a slop to -all his Glories, and from seeking to be Master of the World, he only -found a Grave. _Grand Cairo_ in Egypt is founded on another _Babylon_; -from whence St. _Peter_ wrote his first _Epistle_. This City is built -upon the Banks of the famous River _Nile_, whose overflowings inriches -the Earth without Tillage. - -[W] _Sultana Queen_. The _Turkish Emperors_ have avoided Marriage, -fearing any Change of Government might bring their _Queens_ to Infamy -and Disgrace; ever since _Tamerlane_ took _Bajazet_’s Wife _Arpasia_ -Prisoner, and the more to insult _Bajazet_, forced _Arpasia_ to wait -naked at his Table. - -[X] _Caramania_, a Province in _Lesser Asia_, over-against the _Island_ -of _Cyprus_. It formerly had _Princes_ of its own, but it has been -many Ages subject to the _Turks_. It includes the ancient Provinces of -_Cilicia_, _Pamphylia_, and part of _Caria_. - -[Y] _Aleppo_, a _City_ of _Syria_, built upon the River _Marsya_, which -falls into the _Euphrates_, is a very large Town, six miles in compass, -the greatest Place for Trade in all _Asia_. The _English_, _French_, -_Dutch_, and _Venetians_, have consuls always residing there. - - -_FINIS._ - -[Illustration] - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The History of the Life and Death of -Sultan Solyman the Magnificent, by T. Cooper - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORY OF SULTAN SOLYMAN *** - -***** This file should be named 53452-0.txt or 53452-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/3/4/5/53452/ - -Produced by Turgut Dincer (This book was produced from -images made available by the HathiTrust Digital Library.) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. 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