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diff --git a/old/53412-0.txt b/old/53412-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 95b0c16..0000000 --- a/old/53412-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8649 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Witchcraft Delusion in New England: Its -Rise, Progress, and Termination (Vol 3 of 3, by Cotton Mather and Robert Calef - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: The Witchcraft Delusion in New England: Its Rise, Progress, and Termination (Vol 3 of 3) - -Author: Cotton Mather - Robert Calef - -Editor: Samuel G. Drake - -Release Date: October 30, 2016 [EBook #53412] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WITCHCRAFT DELUSION, VOL 3 *** - - - - -Produced by Dianna Adair, Louise Davies, Eleni Christofaki -and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was made using scans of -public domain works from the University of Michigan Digital -Libraries.) - - - - - - - - - -Transcriber's Note. - -A list of the changes made can be found at the end of the book. - - Mark-up: _italic_ - ==blackletter== - - - - -The Witchcraft Delusion In New England Vol. III - - - - -==Woodward's Historical Series.== - -No. VII. - - - - - THE - ==Witchcraft Delusion== - IN - NEW ENGLAND: - - ITS - RISE, PROGRESS, AND TERMINATION, - AS EXHIBITED BY - DR. COTTON MATHER, - - IN - _THE WONDERS OF THE INVISIBLE WORLD_; - - AND BY - MR. ROBERT CALEF, - IN HIS - _MORE WONDERS OF THE INVISIBLE WORLD_. - - WITH A - ==Preface, Introduction, and Notes==, - BY SAMUEL G. DRAKE. - - IN THREE VOLUMES. - - VOL. III. - - _More Wonders of the Invisible World._ - - - PRINTED FOR W. ELLIOT WOODWARD, - ROXBURY, MASS. - MDCCCLXVI. - - - - - _No._____ - - - Entered according to Act of Congress in the Year 1865, - By SAMUEL G. DRAKE, - in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States - for the District of Massachusetts. - - - EDITION IN THIS SIZE 280 COPIES. - - - MUNSELL, PRINTER. - - - - -[Illustration] - -[90] MORE WONDERS OF THE INVISIBLE WORLD. - -PART V. - - _An Impartial Account of the most Memorable Matters of Fact, - touching the supposed Witchcraft in_ New-England. - -[_ Matters of Fact._] - - -MR. _Parris_[1] had been some years a Minister in _Salem-Village_, -when this sad Calamity (as a deluge) overflowed them, spreading -itself far and near. He was a Gentleman of Liberal Education, and not -meeting with any great Encouragement, or Advantage in Merchandizing, -to which for some time he apply'd himself, betook himself to the work -of the Ministry; this Village being then vacant, he met with so much -Encouragement, as to settle in that Capacity among them. - -After he had been there about two years, he obtained a Grant from a -part of the Town, that the House and Land he Occupied, and which had -been Alotted by the whole People to the Ministry, should be and remain -to him, _&c._ as his own Estate in Fee Simple. This occasioned great -_Divisions_ both between the Inhabitants themselves, and between a -considerable part of them and their said Minister, which Divisions were -but as a beginning or _Præludium_ to what immediately followed. - -It was the latter end of _February_ 1691,[2] when divers young -Persons belonging to Mr. _Parris's_ Family, and one or more of the -Neighbourhood, began to [91] Act, after a strange & unusual manner, -_viz._ as by getting into Holes, and creeping under Chairs and Stools, -and to use sundry odd Postures and Antick Gestures, uttering foolish, -ridiculous Speeches, which neither they themselves nor any others -could make sense of; the Physicians[3] that were called could assign -no reason for this; but it seems one of them, having recourse to the -old shift, told them he was afraid they were Bewitched; upon such -suggestions, they that were concerned, applied themselves to Fasting -and Prayer, which was attended not only in their own private Families, -but with calling in the help of others. - -_March_ the 11_th_. Mr. _Parris_ invited several Neighbouring Ministers -to join with him in keeping a Solemn day of Prayer at his own House; -the time of the exercise those Persons were for the most part silent, -but after any one Prayer was ended, they would Act and Speak strangely -and Ridiculously, yet were such as had been well Educated and of good -Behaviour, the one a Girl of 11 or 12 years old, would sometimes seem -to be in a _Convulsion_ Fit, her Limbs being twisted several ways, and -very stiff, but presently her Fit would be over. - -A few days before this Solemn day of Prayer, Mr. _Parris's_ _Indian_ -Man and Woman made a Cake of Rye Meal, with the Childrens Water, and -Baked it in the Ashes, and as is said, gave it to the Dog; this was -done as a means to Discover Witchcraft; soon after which those ill -affected or afflicted Persons named several that they said they saw, -when in their Fits, afflicting of them. - -The first complain'd of, was the said _Indian_ Woman, named -_Tituba_,[4] she confessed that the _Devil_ urged her to sign a Book, -which he presented to her, and also to work Mischief to the Children, -_&c._ She was afterwards Committed to Prison, and lay there till Sold -for her Fees. The account she since gives of it is, that her Master did -beat her and otherways abuse her, to make her confess and accuse (such -as he call'd) her Sister-Witches, and that whatsoever she said by way -of confessing or accusing others, was the effect of such usage; her -Master refused to pay her Fees, unless she would stand to what she had -said. - -The Children complained likewise of two other Women, to be the Authors -of their Hurt, _Viz._ _Sarah Good_, who had long been counted a -_Melancholy_ or _Distracted_ Woman, and one _Osburn_, an Old _Bed-rid_ -Women, which two were Persons so ill thought of, that the accusation -was the more readily believed; and after Examination before two _Salem_ -Magistrates were committed:[5] _March_ the 19_th_, Mr. _Lawson_ (who -had been formerly a Preacher at the said Village) came thither, and -hath since set forth in Print an account of what then passed, about -which time, as he saith, they complained of Goodwife _Cory_, and -Goodwife _Nurse_, Members of Churches at the Village, and at _Salem_, -many others being by that time Accused. - -_March_ the 21_st_, Goodwife _Cory_[6] was examined before the -Magistrates of _Salem_, at the Meeting House in the Village, a throng -of Spectators being present to see the Novelty. Mr. _Noyes_,[7] one of -the Ministers of _Salem_ began with Prayer, after which the Prisoner -being call'd, in order to answer to what [92] should be Alledged -against her, she desired that she might go to Prayer, and was answered -by the Magistrates, that they did not come to hear her pray, but to -examine her. - -The number of the Afflicted were at that time about Ten, _Viz._ Mrs. -_Pope_, Mrs. _Putman_, goodwife _Bibber_,[8] and Goodwife _Goodall_, -_Mary Wolcott_, _Mercy Lewes_ (at _Thomas Putmans_) and Dr. _Griggs_ -Maid, and three Girls, _Viz._ _Elizabeth Parris_, Daughter to the -Minister, _Abigail Williams_ his Neice, and _Ann Putman_, which -last three, were not only the beginners, but were also the chief in -these Accusations.[9] These Ten were most of them present at the -Examination, and did vehemently accuse her of Afflicting them, by -Biting, Pinching, Strangling, &c. And they said, they did in their Fits -see her likeness coming to them, and bringing a Book for them to Sign; -Mr. _Hathorn_, a Magistrate of _Salem_, asked her, why she Afflicted -those Children? she said, she did not Afflict them, he asked her who -did then? she said, I do not know, how should I know? she said, they -were Poor Distracted Creatures, and no heed to be given to what they -said; Mr. _Hathorn_ and Mr. _Noyes_ replied that it was the Judgment -of all that were there present, that they were bewitched, and only -she (the Accused) said they were Distracted: She was Accused by them, -that the _Black Man_ Whispered to her in her Ear now (while she was -upon Examination) and that she had a Yellow Bird, that did use to -Suck between her Fingers, and that the said Bird did Suck now in the -Assembly; order being given to look in that place to see if there were -any sign, the Girl that pretended to see it said, that it was too late -now, for she had removed a Pin, and put it on her Head, it was upon -search found, that a Pin was there sticking upright. When the Accused -had any motion of their Body, Hands or Mouth, the Accusers would cry -out, as when she bit a Lip, they would cry out of being bitten, if she -grasped one hand with the other, they would cry out of being Pinched by -her, and would produce marks, so of the other motions of her Body, as -complaining of being Prest, when she lean'd to the seat next her, if -she stirred her Feet, they would stamp and cry out of Pain there. After -the hearing the said _Cory_ was committed to _Salem_ Prison, and then -their crying out of her abated. - -_March_ the 24_th_, Goodwife _Nurse_ was brought before Mr. _Hathorn_ -and Mr. _Curwin_ (Magistrates) in the Meeting House, Mr. _Hale_ -Minister of _Beverly_, began with Prayer, after which she being Accus'd -of much the same Crimes made the like answers, asserting her own -Innocence with earnestness. The Accusers were mostly the same, _Tho -Putmans_ Wife, _&c._ complaining much. The dreadful Shreiking from her -and others, was very amazing, which was heard at a great distance; she -was also Committed to Prison.[10] - -A Child of _Sarah Goods_, was likewise apprehended, being between 4 and -5 years Old, the Accusers said this Child bit them, and would shew such -like marks, as those of a small Sett of Teeth upon their Arms, as many -of the Afflicted as the Child cast its Eye upon, would complain they -were in Torment; which Child they also Committed. - -Concerning these that had been hitherto Examined and Committed, it -is [93] among other things observed, by Mr. _Lawson_ (in Print[11]) -that they were by the Accusers charged, to belong to a Company that -did muster in Arms, and were reported by them to keep Days of Fast, -Thanksgiving and Sacraments; and that those Afflicted (or Accusers) -did in the Assembly, Cure each other, even with a touch of their hand, -when strangled and otherways tortured, and would endeavour to get to -the Afflicted to relieve them thereby (for hitherto they had not used -the Experiment of bringing the Accused to touch the Afflicted, in order -to their Cure) and could foretell one anothers Fits to be coming, and -would say, look to such a one, she will have a Fit presently and so -it happened, and that at the same time when the Accused person was -present, the Afflicted said they saw her _Spectre_ or likeness in other -places of the Meeting House Sucking [suckling] their Familiars. - -The said Mr. _Lawson_ being to Preach at the Village, after the Psalm -was Sung, _Abigail Williams_ said, _Now Stand up and name your Text_; -after it was read, she said, _It is a long Text_. Mrs. Pope in the -beginning of Sermon said to him, _Now there is enough of that_. In -Sermon, he referring to his Doctrine, _Abigail Williams_ said to him, -_I know no Doctrine you had, if you did name one I have forgot it_. -_Ann Putman_ an afflicted Girl, said, _There was a Yellow Bird sate on -his Hat as it hung on the Pin in the Pulpit_.[12] - -_March_ 31, 1692. Was set apart as a day of Solem Humiliation at -_Salem_, upon the Account of this Business, on which day _Abigail -Williams_ said, _That she saw a great number of Persons in the Village -at the Administration of a Mock Sacrament, where they had Bread as read -as raw Flesh, and red Drink_.[13] - -_April_ 1. _Mercy Lewis_ affirmed, _That she saw a man in White, with -whom she went into a Glorious Place_, viz. in her fits, _where was -no Light of the Sun, much less of Candles, yet was full of Light and -Brightness, with a great Multitude in White Glittering Robes, who Sang -the Song in_ Rev. v. 9. _and the_ cx. _and_ cxlix. Psalms; _And was -given that she mighty tarry no longer in this place_. This White Man -is said to have appeared several times to others of them, and to have -given them notice how long it should be before they should have another -Fit.[14] - -_April_ the 3_d_. Being Sacrament Day at the Village, _Sarah Cloys_, -Sister to Goodwife _Nurse_, a Member of one of the Churches, was (tho' -it seems with difficulty prevailed with to be) present; but being -entred the place, and Mr. _Parris_ naming his Text, _John_ vi. 70. -_Have not I chosen you Twelve, and one of you is a Devil_ (for what -cause may rest as a doubt whether upon the account of her Sisters being -committed, or because of the choice of that Text) she rose up and went -out, the wind shutting the Door forcibly, gave occasion to some to -suppose she went out in Anger, and might occasion a suspicion of her; -However she was soon after complain'd of, examin'd and committed.[15] - -_April_ the 11_th_. By this time the number of the Accused and -Accusers being much increased, was a Public Examination at _Salem_, -Six of the Magistrates with several Ministers being present, there -appeared several who complain'd against others with hidious clamors and -Screechings. Goodwife _Proctor_[16] was brought thither, being Accused -or cryed out against; her Hus[94]band coming to attend and assist her, -as there might be need, the Accusers cryed out of him also, and that -with so much earnestness, that he was Committed with his Wife. About -this time besides the Experiment of the Afflicted falling at the sight, -_&c._ they put the Accused upon saying the Lord's Prayer, which one -among them performed, except in that petition [_Deliver us from Evil_] -she exprest it thus (_Deliver us from all Evil_) this was lookt upon -as if she Prayed against what she was now justly under, and being put -upon it again, and repeating those words [_Hallowed be thy name_] she -exprest it [_Hollowed be thy Name_] this was counted a depraving the -words, as signifying to make void, and so a Curse rather than a Prayer, -upon the whole it was concluded that she also could not say it, _&c._ -Proceeding in this work of examination and Commitment many were sent -to Prison. As an Instance, see the following Mittimus: - - -To their Majesties Goal-keeper in _Salem_. - -YOU _are in Their Majesties Names hereby required to take into your -care, and safe custody, the Bodies of_ William Hobs _and_ Deborah _his -Wife,_ Mary Easty, _the Wife of_ Isaac Easty, _and_ Sarah Wild, _the -Wife of_ John Wild, _all of_ Topsfield; _and_ Edward Bishop, _of_ -Salem-Village; _Husbandman, and_ Sarah _his Wife, and_ Mary Black, _a_ -negro _of Lieutenant_ Nathaniel Putmans, _of_ Salem-Village; _also_ -Mary English _the Wife of_ Philip English,[17] _Merchant in_ Salem; -_who stand charged with High Suspicion of Sundry Acts of Witchcraft, -done or committed by them lately upon the Bodies of_ Ann Putman, -Mary Lewis _and_ Abigail Williams, _of_ Salem-Village; _whereby great -Hurt and Damage hath been done to the Bodies of the said Persons, -according to the complaint of_ Thomas Putnam _and_ John Buxton _of_ -Salem-Village, _Exhibited_. Salem, Apr 21, 1692, _appears, whom you are -to secure in order to their further Examination. Fail not._ - - John Hathorn, } _Assistants_. - Jona. Curwin, } - - _Dated_ Salem, April 22, 1692. - - _To Marshall_ George Herrick } - _of Salem Essex._ } - -_YOU are in their Majesties Names hereby required to convey the -above-named to the Goal at_ Salem. _Fail not._ - - John Hathorn, } _Assistants_, - Jona. Curwin, } - - _Dated_ Salem, Apr 22, 1692. - - -The occasion of _Bishops_ being cry'd out of, was he being at an -Examination in _Salem_, when at the Inn an afflicted _Indian_ was -very unruly, whom he undertook, and so managed him, that he was very -orderly, after which in riding home, in company of him and other -Accusers, the _Indian_ fell into a fit, and clapping hold with his -Teeth on the back of the Man that rode before him, thereby held -himself upon the Horse, but said, _Bishop_ striking him with his stick, -the _Indian_ soon recovered, and promised he would do so no more; to -which _Bishop_ replied, that he [95] doubted not, but he could cure -them all, with more to the same effect; immediately after he was parted -from them, he was cried out of, _&c._ - -_May_ 14, 1692. Sir _William Phips_ arrived with Commission from -their Majesties to be Governor, pursuant to the New Charter; which -he now brought with him; the Ancient Charter having been vacated -by King _Charles_, and King James (by which they had a power not -only to make their own Laws; but also to chuse their own Governor -and Officers;) and the Countrey for some years was put under an -absolute Commission-Government, till the Revolution, at which time, -tho more than two thirds of the People were for reassuming their -ancient Government, (to which they had encouragement by his then -Royal Highness's Proclamation) yet some that might have been better -imployed[18] (in another Station) made it their business (by printing, -as well as speaking) to their utmost to divert them from such a -settlement; and so far prevailed, that for about seven Weeks after -the Revolution, here was not so much as a face of any Government; but -some few Men upon their own Nomination would be called a Committee -of Safety; but at length the Assembly prevailed with those that had -been of the Government, to promise that they would reassume; and -accordingly a Proclamation was drawn, but before publishing it, it -was underwritten, that they would not have it understood that they -did reassume Charter-Government; so that between Government and no -Government, this Countrey remained till Sir _William_ arrived: Agents -being in this time impowered in _England_, which no doubt did not all -of them act according to the Minds or Interests of those that impowered -them, which is manifest by their not acting jointly in what was done; -so that this place is perhaps a single Instance (even in the best of -Reigns) of a Charter not restored after so happy a Revolution.[19] - -This settlement by Sir _William Phips_ his being come Governour put an -end to all disputes of these things,[20] and being arrived, and having -read his Commission, the first thing he exerted his Power in, was said -to be his giving Orders that Irons should be put upon those in Prison; -for tho for sometime after these were Committed, the Accusers ceased -to cry out of them; yet now the cry against them was renewed, which -occasioned such Order; and tho there was partiality in the executing it -(some having taken them off almost as soon as put on) yet the cry of -these Accusers against such ceased after this Order.[21] - -_May_ 24. Mrs. _Cary_ of _Charlestown_, was Examined and Committed. Her -Husband Mr. _Nathaniel Cary_ has given account thereof, as also of her -Escape, to this Effect, - -_I having heard some days, that my Wife was accused of Witchcraft, -being much disturbed at it, by advice, we went to_ Salem-Village, -_to see if the af[96]flicted knew her; we arrived there, 24. May, -it happened to be a day appointed for Examination; accordingly -soon after our arrival,_ Mr. Hathorn _and_ Mr. Curwin, &c. _went to -the Meeting-house, which was the place appointed for that Work, the -Minister began with Prayer, and having taken care to get a convenient -place, I observed, that the afflicted were two Girls of about Ten -Tears old, and about two or three other, of about eighteen, one of the -girls talked most, and could discern more than the rest. The Prisoners -were called in one by one, and as they came in were cried out of, &c. -The Prisoner was placed about 7 or 8 foot from the Justices, and the -Accusers between the Justices and them; the Prisoner was ordered to -stand right before the Justices, with an Officer appointed to hold each -hand, least they should therewith afflict them, and the Prisoner's -Eyes must be constantly on the Justices; for if they look'd on the -afflicted, they would either fall into their Fits, or cry out of being -hurt by them; after Examination of the Prisoners, who it was afflicted -these Girls, &c. they were put upon saying the Lord's Prayer, as a -tryal of their guilt; after the afflicted seem'd to be out of their -Fits, they would look steadfastly on some one person, and frequently -not speak; and then the Justices said they were struck dumb, and -after a little time would speak again; then the Justices said to the -Accusers, which of you will go and touch the Prisoner at the Bar? then -the most courageous would adventure, but before they had made three -steps would ordinarily fall down as in a Fit; the Justices ordered -that they should be taken up and carried to the Prisoner, that she -might touch them; and as soon as they were touched by the accused, -the Justices would say, they are well, before I could discern any -alteration; by which I observed that the Justices understood the manner -of it. Thus far I was only as a Spectator, my Wife also was there part -of the time, but no notice taken of her by the afflicted, except once -or twice they came to her and asked her name._ - -_But I having an opportunity to Discourse_ Mr. Hale _(with whom I had -formerly acquaintance)_ I _took his advice, what I had best to do, and -desired of him that I might have an opportunity to speak with her that -accused my Wife; which he promised should be, I acquainting him that I -reposed my trust in him._ - -_Accordingly he came to me after the Examination was over, and told me -I had now an opportunity to speak with the said Accuser,_ viz. Abigail -Williams, _a Girl of_ 11 _or_ 12 _Years old; but that we could not be -in private at Mr._ Parris's _House, as he had promised me; we went -therefore into the Alehouse, where an Indian man attended us, who it -seems was one of the afflicted: to him we gave some Cyder, he shewed -several Scars, that seemed as if they had been long there, and shewed -them as done by Witchcraft, and acquainted us that his Wife, who also -was a Slave, was imprison'd for Witchcraft.[22] And now instead of one -Accuser, they all came in, who began to tumble down like Swine, and -then three Women were called in to attend them. We in the Room were -all at a stand, to see who they would cry out of; but in a short time -they cried_ [97] _out,_ Cary: _and immediately after a Warrant was sent -from the Justices to bring my Wife before them, who were sitting in a -Chamber near by, waiting for this._ - -_Being brought before the Justices, her chief accusers were two Girls: -my Wife declared to the Justices, that she never had any knowledge of -them before that day; she was forced to stand with her Arms stretched -out. I did request that I might hold one of her hands, but it was -denied me; then she desired me to wipe the Tears from her Eyes, and -the Sweat from her Face, which I did; then she desired she might lean -herself on me, saying, she should faint._ - -Justice Hathorn _replied, she had strength enough to torment those -persons, and she should have strength enough to stand. I speaking -something against their cruel proceedings, they commanded me to be -silent, or else I should be turned out of the Room. The Indian before -mentioned, was also brought in to be one of her Accusers: being come -in, he now (when before the Justices) fell down and tumbled about like -a Hog, but said nothing. The Justices asked the Girls, who afflicted -the Indian? they answered she (meaning my wife) and now lay upon him; -the Justices ordered her to touch him, in order to his cure, but her -head must be turned another way, least instead of curing, she should -make him worse, by her looking on him, her hand being guided to take -hold of his; but the Indian took hold on her hand, and pulled her down -on the Floor, in a barbarous manner; then his hand was taken off, -and her hand put on his, and the cure was quickly wrought. I being -extreamly troubled at their Inhumane dealings, uttered a hasty Speech_ -[That God would take vengeance on them, and desired that God would -deliver us out of the hands of unmerciful men.] _Then her Mittimus was -writ; I did with difficulty and charge obtain the liberty of a Room, -but no beds in it; if there had, could have taken but little rest that -Night, she was committed to Boston Prison; but I obtained a Habeas -Corpus to remove her to Cambridge Prison, which is in our County of -Middlesex. Having been there one Night, next Morning the Jaylor[23] -put Irons on her legs (having received such a command) the weight of -them was about eight pounds; these with her other Afflictions, soon -brought her into Convulsion Fits, so that I thought she would have -died that Night, I sent to intreat that the Irons might be taken off, -but all intreaties were in vain, if it would have saved her Life, so -that in this condition she must continue. The Tryals at Salem coming -on, I went thither, to see how things were managed; and finding that -the Spectre-Evidence was there received, together with Idle, if not -Malicious stories, against Peoples Lives, I did easily see which way -it would go; for the same Evidence that served for one, would serve -for all the rest; I acquainted her with her danger; and that if she -were carried to Salem to be tried, I feared she would never return. I -did my utmost that she might have her Tryal in our own County, I with -several others Petitioning the Judge for it, and were put in hopes of -it;_ [98] _but I soon saw so much, that I understood thereby it was not -intended, which put me upon consulting the means of her escape; which -thro the goodness of God was effected, and she got to Road Island, but -soon found herself not safe when there, by reason of the pursuit after -her; from thence she went to New-York, along with some others that had -escaped their cruel hands; where we found his Excellency_ Benjamin -Fletcher, _Esq: Governour, who was very courteous to us. After this -some of my Goods were seized in a Friends hands, with whom I had left -them, and myself imprisoned by the Sheriff, and kept in Custody half a -day, and then dismist; but to speak of their usage of the Prisoners, -and their Inhumanity shewn to them, at the time of their Execution, no -sober Christian could bear; they had also tryals of cruel mockings; -which is the more, considering what a People for Religion, I mean the -profession of it, we have been; those that suffered being many of them -Church-Members, and most of them unspotted in their Conversation, till -their Adversary the Devil took up this Method for accusing them._ - - Per Jonathan Cary.[24] - - - _May 31._ Captain _John Aldin_ was Examined at _Salem_, and - Committed to _Boston_ Prison, the Prison-Keeper seeing such a Man - Committed, of whom he had a good esteem, was after this the more - Compassionate to those that were in Prison on the like account; - and did refrain from such hard things to the Prisoners, as before - he had used. Mr. _Aldin_ himself has given account of his - Examination, in these Words. - -_An Account how_ John Aldin,[25] _Senior, was dealt with at_ -Salem-_Village._ - -JOHN ALDIN Senior, _of Boston, in the County of Suffolk, Marriner, -on the_ 28_th Day of May,_ 1692, _was sent for by the Magistrates of_ -Salem, _in the County of Essex, upon the Accusation of a company of -poor distracted, or possessed Creatures or Witches; and being sent by -Mr._ Stoughton, _arrived there the_ 31_st_ of May, _and appeared at_ -Salem-Village, _before Mr._ Gidney,_ Mr._ Hathorn, _and Mr._ Curwin. - -_Those Wenches being present, who plaid their jugling tricks, falling -down, crying out, and staring in Peoples Faces; the Magistrates -demanded of them several times, who it was of all the People in the -Room that hurt them? one of these Accusers pointed several times at -one_ Captain Hill,[26] _there present, but spake nothing; the same -Accuser, had a Man standing at her back to hold her up; he stooped down -to her Ear, then she cried out,_ Aldin, Aldin _afflicted her; one of -the Magistrates asked her if she had ever seen_ Aldin, _she answered -no, he asked how she knew it was_ Aldin? _She said, the Man told her -so._ - -_Then all were ordered to go down into the Street, where a Ring was -made; and the same Accuser cried out, there stands_ Aldin, _a bold -fellow with his Hat on before the Judges, he sells Powder and Shot to -the_ Indians _and_ French, [99] _and lies with the_ Indian _Squaes, -and has_ Indian _Papooses. Then was_ Aldin _committed to the Marshal's -Custody, and his Sword taken from him; for they said he afflicted -them with his Sword. After some hours_ Aldin _was sent for to the -Meeting-house in the Village before the Magistrates; who required_ -Aldin _to stand upon a Chair, to the open view of all the People._ - -_The Accusers cried out that_ Aldin _did pinch them, then, when he -stood upon the Chair, in the sight of all the People, a good way -distant from them, one of the Magistrates bid the Marshal to hold open_ -Aldins _hands, that he might not pinch those Creatures._ Aldin _asked -them why they should think, that he should come to that Village to -afflict those persons that he never knew or saw before? Mr._ Gidney -_bid_ Aldin _confess, and give glory to God:_ Aldin _said he hoped he -should give glory to God, and hoped he should never gratifie the Devil; -but appealed to all that ever knew him, if they ever suspected him -to be such a person, and challenged any one, that could bring in any -thing upon their own knowledge, that might give suspicion of his being -such an one. Mr._ Gidney _said he had known_ Aldin _many Years, and -had been at Sea with him, and always look'd upon him to be an honest -Man, but now he did see cause to alter his judgment:_ Aldin _answered, -he was sorry for that, but he hoped God would clear up his Innocency, -that he would recall that judgment again, and added that he hoped -that he should with_ Job _maintain his Integrity till he died. They -bid_ Aldin _look upon the Accusers, which he did, and then they fell -down._ Aldin _asked Mr._ Gidney, _what reason there could be given, -why_ Aldin's _looking upon him did not strike him down as well? but -no reason was given that I heard. But the Accusers were brought to_ -Aldin _to touch them, and this touch they said made them well._ Aldin -_began to speak of the Providence of God, in suffering these Creatures -to accuse Innocent persons; Mr._ Noyes _asked_ Aldin _why he would -offer to speak of the Providence of God, God by his Providence (said -Mr._ Noyes) _governs the World, and keeps it in peace; and so went on -with Discourse, and stopt Aldin's mouth, as to that._ Aldin _told Mr._ -Gidney, _that he could assure him that there was a lying Spirit in -them, for I can assure you that there is not a word of truth in all -these say of me. But_ Aldin _was again committed to the Marshal, and -his Mittimus written, which was as follows._ - - -_To Mr. John Arnold, Keeper of the Prison in_ Boston, _in the County -of_ Suffolk.[27] - -WHEREAS _Captain_ John Aldin _of_ Boston, _Mariner, and_ Sarah Rice,_ -Wife of_ Nicholas Rice _of_ Reding, _Husbandman, have been this day -brought before us,_ John Hathorn _and_ Jonathan Curwin, _Esquires; -being accused and suspected of perpetrating divers acts of Witchcraft, -contrary to the form of the Statute, in that Case made and provided: -These are therefore_ [100] _in Their Majesties, King_ William _and -Queen_ Marys _Names, to Will and require you, to take into your -Custody, the bodies of the said_ John Aldin, _and_ Sarah Rice, _and -them safely keep, until they shall thence be delivered by due course of -Law; as you will answer the contrary at your peril; and this shall be -your sufficient Warrant. Given under our hands at_ Salem-_Village, the_ -31st _of_ May, _in the Fourth Year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord -and Lady,_ William _and_ Mary, _now King and Queen over_ England, _&c,_ -Anno Dom. 1692. - - John Hathorn, } _Assistants_. - Jonathan Curwin, } - - -_To_ Boston Aldin _was carried by a Constable, no Bail would be taken -for him; but was delivered to the Prison-keeper, where he remained -Fifteen Weeks; and then observing the manner of Tryals, and Evidence -then taken, was at length prevailed with to make his Escape, and being -returned, was bound over to Answer at the Superior Court at_ Boston, -_the last_ Tuesday _in_ April, Anno, 1693. _And was there cleared by -Proclamation, none appearing against him._ - - Per. John Aldin. - -At Examination, and at other times, 'twas usual for the Accusers to -tell of the black Man, or of a Spectre, as being then on the Table, &c. -The People about would strike with Swords, or sticks at those places. -One Justice broke his cane at this Exercise, and sometimes the Accusers -would say, they struck the Spectre, and it is reported several of the -accused were hurt and wounded thereby, though at home at the same time. - -The Justices proceeding in these works of Examination, and Commitment, -to the end of _May_, there was by that time about a Hundred persons -Imprisoned upon that Account.[28] - -_June_ 2. A special Commission of _Oyer_ and _Terminer_, having been -Issued out, to Mr. _Stoughton_, the New Lieutenant Governour, Major -_Saltonstall_, Major _Richards_, Major _Gidny_, Mr. _Wait Winthrop_, -Captain _Sewall_, and Mr. _Sergeant_;[29] These (a _Quorum_ of them) -sat at _Salem_ this day; where the most that was done this Week, was -the Tryal of one _Bishop_ alias _Oliver_, of _Salem_; who having long -undergone the repute of a Witch, occasioned by the Accusations of one -_Samuel Gray_: he about 20 Years since, having charged her with such -Crimes, and though upon his Death-bed, he testified his sorrow and -repentance for such Accusations, as being wholly groundless; yet the -report taken up by his means continued, and she being accused by those -afflicted, and upon search a Tet, as they call it, being found, she -was brought in guilty by the Jury; she [101] received her Sentence of -Death, and was Executed, _June_ 10. but made not the least Confession -of any thing relating to Witchcraft.[30] - -_June_ 15. Several Ministers in and near _Boston_, having been to that -end consulted by his Excellency, exprest their minds to this effect, -_viz._ - -That they were affected with the deplorable state of the afflicted; -That they were thankful for the diligent care of the Rulers, to detect -the abominable Witchcrafts, which have been committed in the Country, -praying for a perfect discovery thereof. But advised to a cautious -proceeding, least many Evils ensue, _&c._ And that tenderness be used -towards those accused, relating to matters presumptive and convictive, -and also to privacy in Examinations, and to consult Mr. _Perkins_ -and Mr. _Bernard_, what tests to make use of in the Scrutiny: That -Presumptions and Convictions ought to have better grounds, than the -Accusers affirming that they see such persons Spectres afflicting -them; and that the Devil may afflict in the shape of good Men; and -that falling at the sight, and rising at the touch of the Accused, is -no infallible proof of guilt; That seeing the Devils strength consists -in such Accusations, our disbelieving them may be a means to put a -period to the dreadful Calamities; Nevertheless they humbly recommend -to the Government, the speedy and vigorous prosecution of such as have -rendered themselves obnoxious, according to the direction given in the -Laws of God, and the wholesome Statutes of the _English_ Nation, for -the Detection of Witchcraft.[31] - -This is briefly the substance of what may be seen more at large in -_Cases of Conscience_, (_ult._) And one of them since taking occasion -to repeat some part of this advice, _Wonders_ of the _Invisible World_, -p. 83. declares, (notwithstanding the Dissatisfaction of others) that -if his said Book may conduce to promote thankfulness to God for such -Executions, he shall rejoice, _&c._ - -The 30th of _June_, the Court according to Adjournment again sat; -five more were tried, _viz._ _Sarah Good_ and _Rebecca Nurse_, of -_Salem-Village_; _Susanna Martin_ of _Amsbury_; _Elizabeth How_ of -_Ipswich_; and _Sarah Wildes_ of _Topsfield_: these were all condemned -that Sessions, and were all Executed on the 19th of _July_.[32] - -At the Tryal of _Sarah Good_, one of the afflicted fell in a Fit, and -after coming out of it, she cried out of the Prisoner, for stabbing -her in the breast with a Knife, and that she had broken the Knife in -stabbing of her, accordingly a piece of the blade of a Knife was found -about her. Immediately information being given to the Court, a young -Man was called, who produced a Haft and part of the Blade, which the -Court having viewed and compared, saw it to be the same. And upon -inquiry the young Man affirmed, that yesterday he happened to brake -that Knife, and that he cast away the upper part, this afflicted person -being then [102] present, the young Man was dismist, and she was bidden -by the Court not to tell lyes;[33] and was improved (after as she had -been before) to give Evidence against the Prisoners. - -At Execution, Mr. _Noyes_ urged _Sarah Good_ to Confess, and told her -she was a Witch, and she knew she was a Witch, to which she replied, -you are a lyer; I am no more a Witch than you are a Wizard, and if you -take away my Life, God will give you Blood to drink. - -At the Tryal of _Rebecca Nurse_, this was remarkable that the Jury -brought in their Verdict not Guilty, immediately all the accusers in -the Court, and, suddenly after all the afflicted out of Court, made -an hideous out-cry, to the amazement, not only of the Spectators, but -the Court also seemed strangely surprized: one of the Judges exprest -himself not satisfied, another of them as he was going off the Bench, -said they would have her Indicted anew. The chief Judge said he would -not Impose upon the Jury; but intimated, as if they had not well -considered one Expression of the Prisoners when she was upon Tryal, -_viz._ That when one _Hobbs_, who had confessed herself to be a Witch, -was brought into the Court to witness against her, the Prisoner turning -her head to her, said, [_What, do you bring her? she is one of us_] -or to that effect, this together with the Clamours of the Accusers, -induced the Jury to go out again, after their Verdict, not Guilty. But -not agreeing, they came into the Court, and she being then at the Bar, -her words were repeated to her, in order to have had her explanation of -them, and she making no Reply to them, they found the Bill, and brought -her in Guilty; these words being the Inducement to it, as the Foreman -has signified in writing, as follows. - -_July_ 4, 1692. I Thomas Fisk,[34] _the Subscriber hereof, being one of -them that were of the Jury last week at_ Salem-court,_ upon the Tryal -of_ Rebecca Nurse, _&c. being desired by some of the Relations to give -a Reason why the Jury brought her in Guilty, after her Verdict not -Guilty; I do hereby give my Reasons to be as follows, viz._ - -_When the Verdict not Guilty was, the honored Court was pleased to -object against it, saying to them, that they think they let slip the -words, which the Prisoner at the Bar spake against herself, which -were spoken in reply to Goodwife_ Hobbs _and her Daughter, who had -been faulty in setting their hands to the Devils Book, as they have -confessed formerly; the words were_ [What do these persons give in -Evidence against me now, they used to come among us.] _After the -honored Court had manifested their dissatisfaction of the Verdict, -several of the Jury declared themselves desirous to go out again, and -thereupon the Honoured Court gave leave; but when we came to consider -of the Case, I could not tell how to take her words, as an Evidence -against her, till she had a further opportunity to put her Sense upon -them, if she would take it; and then going into Court, I mentioned -the words aforesaid, which by one of the_ [103] _Court were affirmed -to have been spoken by her, she being then at the Bar, but made no -reply, nor interpretation of them; whereupon these words were to me a -principal Evidence against her._ - - Thomas Fisk. - - - When goodwife _Nurse_ was informed what use was made of these - words, she put in this following Declaration into the Court. - -THESE _presents do humbly shew to the honoured Court and Jury, that I -being informed, that the Jury brought me in Guilty, upon my saying that -Goodwife_ Hobbs _and her Daughter were of our Company; but I intended -no otherways, than as they were Prisoners with us, and therefore did -then, and yet do judge them not legal Evidence against their fellow -Prisoners. And I being something hard of hearing, and full of grief, -none informing me how the Court took up my words, and therefore had no -opportunity to declare what I intended, when I said they were of our -Company._ - - Rebecka Nurse. - -After her Condemnation she was by one of the Ministers of _Salem_ -excommunicated; yet the Governour saw cause to grant a Reprieve, which -when known (and some say immediately upon granting) the Accusers -renewed their dismal outcries against her, insomuch that the Governour -was by some _Salem_ Gentleman prevailed with to recall the Reprieve, -and she was Executed with the rest. - -The Testimonials of her Christian behaviour, both in the course of her -Life, and at her Death, and her extraordinary care in educating her -Children, and setting them good Examples, _&c._ under the hands of so -many, are so numerous, that for brevity they are here omitted.[35] - -It was at the Tryal of these that one of the Accusers cried out -publickly of Mr. _Willard_ Minister in _Boston_, as afflicting of her, -she was sent out of the Court, and it was told about she was mistaken -in the person. - -_August_ 5. The Court again sitting, six more were tried on the same -Account, viz. Mr. _George Burroughs_, sometime minister of _Wells_, -_John Procter_, and _Elizabeth Procter_ his Wife, with _John Willard_ -of _Salem_-Village, _George Jacobs_ Senior, of _Salem_, and _Martha -Carryer_ of _Andover_; these were all brought in Guilty and Condemned; -and were all Executed _August_ 19, except _Procter's_ Wife, who pleaded -Pregnancy.[36] - -Mr. _Burroughs_ was carried in a Cart with the others, through the -streets of _Salem_ to Execution; when he was upon the Ladder, he made -a Speech for the clearing of his Innocency, with such Solemn and -Serious Expressions, as were to the Admiration of all present; his -Prayer (which he concluded by repeating the Lord's Prayer,) was so well -worded, and uttered with such composedness, and such (at least seeming) -fervency of [104] Spirit, as was very affecting, and drew Tears from -many (so that it seemed to some, that the Spectators would hinder -the Execution) the accusers said the black Man stood and dictated to -him; as soon as he was turned off, Mr. _Cotton Mather_, being mounted -upon a Horse, addressed himself to the People, partly to declare, -that he was no ordained Minister, and partly to possess the People of -his guilt; saying That the Devil has often been transformed into an -Angel of Light;[37] and this did somewhat appease the People, and -the Executions went on; when he was cut down, he was dragged by the -Halter to a Hole, or Grave, between the Rocks, about two foot deep, his -Shirt and Breeches being pulled off, and an old pair of Trousers of -one Executed, put on his lower parts, he was so put in, together with -_Willard_ and _Carryer_, one of his Hands and his Chin, and a Foot of -one of them being left uncovered. - -_John Willard_, had been imployed to fetch in several that were -accused; but taking dissatisfaction from his being sent, to fetch up -some that he had better thoughts of, he declined the Service, and -presently after he himself was accused of the same Crime, and that -with such vehemency, that they sent after him to apprehend him; he had -made his Escape as far as Nashawag,[38] about 40 Miles from _Salem_; -yet 'tis said those Accusers did then presently tell the exact time, -saying, now _Willard_ is taken. - -_John Procter_ and his Wife being in Prison, the Sheriff came to his -House and seized all the Goods, Provisions, and Cattle that he could -come at, and sold some of the Cattle at half price, and killed others, -and put them up for the _West-Indies_; threw out the Beer out of a -Barrel, and carried away the Barrel; emptied a Pot of Broath, and took -away the Pot, and left nothing in the House for the support of the -Children: No part of the said Goods are known to be returned. _Procter_ -earnestly requested Mr. _Noyes_ to pray with and for him, but it was -wholly denied, because he would not own himself to be a Witch. - -During his Imprisonment he sent the following Letter, in behalf of -himself and others. - - - Salem-_Prison_, July 23, 1692. - - Mr. Mather, Mr. Allen, - Mr. Moody, Mr. Willard, and - Mr. Bailey.[39] - - Reverend Gentlemen. - -THE _innocency of our Case with the Enmity of our Accusers and our -Judges, and Jury, whom nothing but our Innocent Blood will serve their -turns, having Condemned us already before our Tryals, being so much -incensed and engaged against us by the Devil, makes us bold to Beg and -Implore your_ [105] _Favourable Assistance of this our Humble Petition -to his Excellency, that if it be possible our Innocent Blood may be -spared, which undoubtedly otherwise will be shed, if the Lord doth -not mercifully step in. The Magistrates, Ministers, Jewries, and all -the People in general, being so much inraged and incensed against us -by the Delusion of the Devil, which we can term no other, by reason -we know in our own Consciences, we are all Innocent Persons. Here are -five Persons who have lately confessed themselves to be Witches, and -do accuse some of us, of being along with them at a Sacrament, since -we were committed into close Prison, which we know to be Lies. Two of -the_ 5 _are_ (Carrier's _Sons_) _Young men, who would not confess any -thing till they tyed them Neck and Heels, till the Blood was ready to -come out of their Noses, and 'tis credibly believed and reported this -was the occasion of making them confess that they never did, by reason -they said one had been a Witch a Month, and another five Weeks, and -that their Mother had made them so, who has been confined here this -nine Weeks. My son_ William Procter, _when he was examin'd, because he -would not confess that he was Guilty, when he was Innocent, they tyed -him Neck and Heels till the Blood gushed out at his Nose, and would -have kept him so_ 24 _Hours, if one more Merciful than the rest, had -not taken pity on him, and caused him to be unbound. These actions are -very like the Popish Cruelties.[40] They have already undone us in our -Estates, and that will not serve their turns, without our Innocent -Bloods. If it cannot be granted that we can have our Trials at_ Boston, -_we humbly beg that you would evdeavour to have these Magistrates -changed, and others in their rooms, begging also and beseeching you -would be pleased to be here, if not all, some of you at our Trials, -hoping thereby you may be the means of saving the shedding our Innocent -Bloods, desiring your Prayers to the Lord in our behalf, we rest your -Poor Afflicted Servants_, - - John Procter, _&c._ - - -He pleaded very hard at Execution, for a little respite of time, saying -that he was not fit to die; but it was not granted. - -Old _Jacobs_ being Condemned, the Sheriff and Officers came and seized -all he had, his Wife had her Wedding Ring taken from her, but with -great difficulty obtained it again. She was forced to buy Provisions of -the Sheriff, such as he had taken, towards her own support, which not -being sufficient, the Neighbours of Charity relieved her. - -_Margaret Jacobs_ being one that had confessed her own Guilt, and -testified against her Grand-Father _Jacobs_, Mr. _Burroughs_, and _John -Willard_. She the day before Executions, came to Mr. _Burroughs_, -acknowledging that she had belyed them, and begged Mr. _Burroughs_ -Forgiveness, who not only forgave her, but also Prayed with and for -her. She wrote the following Letter to her Father. - - - From the Dungeon in _Salem_ Prison, - _August_ 20, 1692. - - Honoured Father, - -AFTER _my Humble Duty Remembered to you, hoping in the Lord of your -good Health, as Blessed be God I enjoy, tho in abundance of Affliction, -being close confined here in a loathsome Dungeon, the Lord look down in -mercy upon me, not knowing how soon I shall be put to Death, by means -of the Afflicted Persons; my Grand-Father having Suffered already, -and all his Estate Seized for the King. The reason of my Confinement -is this, I having, through the Magistrates Threatnings, and my own -Vile and Wretched_ [106] _heart, confessed several things contrary to -my Conscience and Knowledge, tho to the Wounding of my own Soul, the -Lord pardon me for it; but Oh! the terrors of a wounded Conscience -who can bear. But blessed be the Lord, he would not let me go on in -my Sins, but in mercy I hope so my Soul would not suffer me to keep -it in any longer, but I was forced to confess the truth of all before -the Magistrates, who would not believe me, but 'tis their pleasure -to put me in here, and God knows how soon I shall be put to death. -Dear Fathers, let me beg your Prayers to the Lord on my behalf, and -send us a Joyful and Happy Meeting in Heaven. My Mother poor Woman is -very Crazy, and remembers her kind Love to you, and to Uncle,_ viz. -_D. A.[41] So leaving you to the protection of the Lord, I rest your -Dutiful Daughter_, - - Margaret Jacobs. - - -At the time appointed for her Tryal, she had an Imposthume in her head, -which was her Escape. - -_September_ 9. Six more were tried, and received Sentance of Death, -viz. _Martha Cory_ of _Salem_-Village, _Mary Easty_ of Topsfield, -_Alice Parker_ and _Ann Pudeater_ of _Salem_, _Dorcas Hoar_ of -_Beverly_, and _Mary Bradberry_ of _Salisbury_. September 16, _Giles -Cory_ was prest to Death.[42] - -_September_ 17. Nine more received Sentance of Death, viz. _Margaret -Scot_ of _Rowley_, Goodwife _Redd_ of _Marblehead, Samuel Wardwell,_ -and _Mary Parker_ of _Andover,_ also _Abigail Falkner_ of _Andover,_ -who pleaded Pregnancy, _Rebecca Eames_ of _Boxford, Mary Lacy,_ and -_Ann Foster_ of _Andover,_ and _Abigail Hobbs_ of _Topsfield._ Of -these Eight were Executed, _September_ 22, viz. _Martha Cory, Mary -Easty, Alice Parker, Ann Pudeater, Margaret Scot, Willmet Redd, Samuel -Wardwell,_ and _Mary Parker_.[43] - -_Giles Cory_ pleaded not Guilty to his Indictment, but would not put -himself upon Tryal by the Jury (they having cleared none upon Tryal) -and knowing there would be the same Witnesses against him, rather chose -to undergo what Death they would put him to. In pressing his Tongue -being prest out of his Mouth, the Sheriff with his Cane forced it in -again, when he was dying. He was the first in _New-England_ that was -ever prest to Death. - -The Cart going to the Hill with these Eight to Execution, was for some -time at a sett; the afflicted and others said, that the Devil hindered -it,[44] _&c._ - -_Martha Cory_, Wife to _Giles Cory_, protesting her Innocency, -concluded her Life with an Eminent Prayer upon the Ladder. - -_Wardwell_ having formerly confessed himself Guilty, and after denied -it, was soon brought upon his Tryal; his former Confession and Spectre -Testimony was all that appeared against him. At Execution while he -was speaking to the People, protesting his Innocency, the Executioner -being at the same time smoaking Tobacco, the smoak coming in his Face, -interrupted his Discourse, those Accusers said, the Devil hindered him -with smoak. - -[107] _Mary Easty_, Sister also to _Rebecca Nurse_, when she took her -last farewell of her Husband, Children and Friends, was, as is reported -by them present, as Serious, Religious, Distinct, and Affectionate -as could well be exprest, drawing Tears from the Eyes of almost all -present. It seems besides the Testimony of the Accusers and Confessors, -another proof, as it was counted, appeared against her, it having been -usual to search the Accused for Tets; upon some parts of her Body, not -here to be named, was found an Excrescence, which they called a Tet. -Before her Death she put up the following Petition: - -_To the Honorable Judge and Bench now sitting in Judicature in_ Salem -_and the Reverend Ministers, humbly sheweth, That whereas your humble -poor Petitioner being Condemned to die, doth humbly beg of you, to take -it into your Judicious and Pious Consideration, that your poor and -humble Petitioner knowing my own Innocency (blessed be the Lord for it) -and seeing plainly the Wiles and Subtilty of my Accusers, by myself, -cannot but judge charitably of others, that are going the same way with -myself, if the Lord step not mightily in. I was confined a whole Month -on the same account that I am now condemned for, an then cleared by the -Afflicted persons, as some of your Honour know, and in two days time I -was cried out upon by them, and have been confined and now am condemned -to die. The Lord above knows my Innocency then, and likewise doth now, -as at the great day will be known to Men and Angels. I Petition to your -Honours not for my own Life, for I know I must die, and my appointed -time is set; but the Lord he knows it is, if it be possible, that no -more Innocent Blood be shed, which undoubtedly cannot be avoided in -the way and course you go in. I question not, but your Honours do the -utmost of your powers, in the discovery and detection of Witchcraft -and Witches, and would not be guilty of Innocent Blood for the World; -but by my own Innocency I know you are in the wrong way, the Lord in -his infinite Mercy direct you in this great work, if it be his blessed -will, that Innocent Blood be not shed; I would humbly beg of you, that -your Honours would be pleased to Examine some of those confessing -Witches, I being confident there are several of them have belyed -themselves and others, as will appear, if not in this World, I am sure -in the World to come, whither I am going; and I question not, but -yourselves will see an alteration in these things: They say, myself and -others have made a league with the Devil, we cannot confess, I know -and the Lord he knows (as will shortly appear) they belye me, and so I -question not but they do others; the Lord alone, who is the searcher of -all hearts, knows that as I shall answer it at the Tribunal Seat, that -I know not the least thing of Witchcraft, therefore I cannot, I durst -not belye my own Soul. I beg your Honours not to deny this my humble -Petition, from a poor dying Innocent person, and I question not but the -Lord will give a blessing to your Endeavours._ - - Mary Esty. - - -[108] After Execution Mr. _Noyes_ turning him to the Bodies, said, what -a sad thing it is to see Eight Firebrands of Hell hanging there.[45] - -In _October_ 1692, One of _Wenham_ complained of Mrs. _Hale_, -whose Husband, the Minister of _Beverly_, had been very forward in -these Prosecutions, but being fully satisfied of his Wifes sincere -Christianity, caused him to alter his Judgment; for it was come to -a stated Controversie, among the _New-England_ Divines, whether the -Devil could Afflict in a good Mans shape; it seems nothing else -could convince him: yet when it came so near to himself, he was -soon convinc'd that the Devil might so Afflict. Which same reason -did afterwards prevail with many others; and much influenced to the -succeeding change at Tryals.[46] - -_October_ 7. (_Edward Bishop_ and his Wife having made their Escape -out of Prison) this day Mr. _Corwin_ the Sheriff, came and Seiz'd his -Goods, and Cattle, and had it not been for his second Son (who borrowed -Ten Pound and gave it him) they had been wholly lost, the Receipt -follows; but it seems they must be content with such a Receipt as he -would give them. - -_Received this_ 7_th day of_ October 1692, _of_ Samuel Bishop _of -the Town of_ Salem, _of the County of_ Essex, _in_ New-England, -_Cordwainer, in full satisfaction, a valuable Sum of Money, for the -Goods and Chattels of_ Edward Bishop, _Senior, of the Town and County -aforesaid, Husbandman; which Goods and Chattels being seized, for -that the said_ Edward Bishop, _and_ Sarah _his Wife, having been -committed for Witchcraft and Felony, have made their Escape; and their -Goods and Chattels were forfeited unto their Magesties, and now being -in Possession of the said_ Samuel Bishop; _and in behalf of their -Majesties, I do hereby discharge the said Goods and Chattles the day -and year above written, as witness my hand,_ - - George Corwin, _Sheriff._ - - -But before this the said _Bishops_ Eldest Son, having Married into that -Family of the _Putmans_, who were chief Prosecutors in this business; -he holding a Cow to be branded lest it should be seiz'd, and having a -Push or Boyl upon his Thigh, with his straining it broke; this is that -that was pretended to be burnt with the said Brand; and is one of the -bones thrown to the Dogmatical to pick, in _Wonders of the Invisible -World_, P. 143. the other, of a Corner of a Sheet, pretended to be -taken from a Spectre, it is known that it was provided the day before, -by that Afflicted person, and the third bone of a Spindle is almost as -easily provided, as the piece of the Knife; so that _Apollo_ needs not -herein be consulted, _&c._ - -Mr. _Philip English_,[47] and his Wife having made their Escape out of -Prison, Mr. _Corwin_ the Sheriff seiz'd his Estate, to the value of -about Fifteen Hundred Pound, which was wholly lost to him, except about -Three Hundred Pound value, (which was afterward restored.) - -[109] After Goodwife _Hoar_ was Condemned, her Estate was seiz'd, and -was also bought again for Eight Pound. - -_George Jacobs_, Son to old _Jacobs_ being accused, he fled, then the -Officers came to his House, his Wife was a Woman Crazy in her Senses -and had been so several Years. She it seems had been also accused, -there were in the House with her only four small Children, and one of -them suck'd her Eldest Daughter, being in Prison; the Officer perswaded -her out of the House, to go along with him, telling her she should -speedily return, the Children ran a great way after her crying. - -When she came where the Afflicted were, being asked, they said they -did not know her, at length one said, don't you know _Jacobs_ the old -Witch, and then they cry'd out of her, and fell down in their Fits; she -was sent to Prison, and lay there Ten Months, the Neighbours of pity -took care of the Children to preserve them from perishing. - -About this time a New Scene was begun, one _Joseph Ballard_[48] of -_Andover_, whose Wife was ill (and after died of a Fever) sent to -_Salem_ for some of those Accusers, to tell him who afflicted his -Wife; others did the like: Horse and Man were sent from several places -to fetch those Accusers who had the Spectral sight, that they might -thereby tell who afflicted those that were any ways ill. - -When these came into any place where such were, usually they fell into -a Fit; after which being asked who it was that afflicted the person, -they would, for the most part, name one whom they said sat on the -head, and another that sat on the lower parts of the afflicted. Soon -after _Ballard's_ sending (as above) more than Fifty of the People of -_Andover_ were complained of, for afflicting their Neighbours. Here it -was that many accused themselves, of Riding upon Poles through the Air; -many Parents believing their Children to be Witches, and many Husbands -their Wives, _&c._ When these Accusers came to the House of any upon -such account, it was ordinary for other young People to be taken in -Fits, and to have the same Spectral sight.[49] - -Mr. _Dudley Bradstreet_,[50] a Justice of Peace in _Andover_, having -granted out Warrants against, and Committed Thirty or Forty to Prisons, -for the supposed Witchcrafts, at length saw cause to forbear granting -out any more Warrants. Soon after which he and his Wife were cried -out of, himself was (by them) said to have killed Nine persons by -Witchcraft, and found it his safest course to make his Escape. - -A Dog being afflicted at _Salem_-Village, those that had the Spectral -sight being sent for, they accused Mr. _John Bradstreet_ (Brother to -the Justice) that he afflicted the said Dog, and now rid upon him: He -made his Escape into _Pescattequa_-Government, and the Dog was put to -death, and was all of the Afflicted that suffered death. - -[110] At _Andover_, the Afflicted complained of a Dog, as afflicting of -them, and would fall into their Fits at the Dogs looking upon them; the -Dog was put to death. - -A worthy Gentleman of _Boston_,[51] being about this time accused -by those at _Andover_, he sent by some particular Friends a Writ to -Arrest those Accusers in a Thousand Pound Action for Defamation, with -instructions to them, to inform themselves of the certainty of the -proof, in doing which their business was perceived, and from thence -forward the Accusations at _Andover_ generally ceased. - -In _October_ some of these Accusers were sent for to _Gloucester_, and -occasioned four Women to be sent to Prison, but _Salem_ Prison being so -full it could receive no more; two were sent to _Ipswich_ Prison.[52] -In _November_ they were sent for again by Lieutenant _Stephens_, who -was told that a Sister of his was bewitched; in their way passing -over _Ipswich_-bridge, they met with an old Woman, and instantly fell -into their Fits: But by this time the validity of such Accusations -being much questioned, they found not that Encouragement they had done -elsewhere, and soon withdrew. - -These Accusers swore that they saw three persons sitting upon -Lieutenant _Stephens's_ Sister till she died; yet Bond was accepted for -those Three. - -And now Nineteen persons having been hang'd, and one prest to death, -and Eight more condemned, in all Twenty and eight, of which above a -third part were Members of some of the Churches in _N. England_, and -more than half of them of a good Conversation in general, and not one -clear'd. About Fifty having confest themselves to be Witches, of which -not one Executed; above an Hundred and Fifty in Prison, and above Two -Hundred more accused. The Special Commission of _Oyer_ and _Terminer_ -comes to a period, which has no other foundation than the Governours -Commission, and had proceeded in the manner of swearing Witnesses, -_viz._ By holding up the hand, (and by receiving Evidences in writing) -according to the Ancient Usuge of this Countrey; as also having their -Indictments in _English_. In the Tryals, when any were Indicted for -Afflicting, Pining, and wasting the Bodies of particular persons by -Witchcraft; it was usual to hear Evidence of matter foreign, and of -perhaps Twenty or Thirty years standing, about over-setting Carts, -the death of Cattle, unkindness to Relations, or unexpected Accidents -befalling after some quarrel.[53] Whether this was admitted by the -Law of _England_, or by what other Law, wants to be determined; -the Executions seemed mixt, in pressing to death for not pleading, -which most agrees with the Laws of _England_, and Sentencing Women -to be hanged for Witchcraft, according to the former practice of -this Country, and not by burning, as is said to have been the Law of -_England_. And though the confessing Witches were many; yet not one of -them that confessed their own guilt, and abode by their Confession were -put to Death. - -[111] Here followeth what account some of those miserable Creatures -give of their Confession under their own hands. - -_We whose Names are under written, Inhabitants of_ Andover, _when as -that horrible and tremendous Judgment beginning at_ Salem-_Village, -in the Year_ 1692, _(by some) call'd Witchcraft, first breaking forth -at Mr._ Parris's _House, several Young persons being seemingly -afflicted, did accuse several persons for afflicting them, and many -there believing it so to be; we being informed that if a person were -sick, that the afflicted persons could tell, what or who was the -cause of that sickness._ Joseph Ballard _of_ Andover _(his Wife being -sick at the same time) he either from himself, or by the advice of -others, fetch'd two of the persons call'd the afflicted persons, -from_ Salem-_Village to_ Andover: _Which was the beginning of that -dreadful Calamity that befel us in_ Andover. _And the Authority in_ -Andover, _believing the said Accusations to be true, sent for the -said persons to come together to the Meeting-house in_ Andover _(the -afflicted persons being there.) After Mr._ Bernard[54] _had been -at Prayer, we were blindfolded, and our hands were laid upon the -afflicted persons, they being in their Fits, and falling into their -Fits at our coming into their presence (as they said) and some led -us and laid our hands upon them, and then they said they were well, -and that we were guilty of afflicting of them; whereupon we were all -seized as Prisoners, by a Warrant from the Justice of the Peace, and -forthwith carried to_ Salem. _And by reason of that suddain surprizal, -we knowing ourselves altogether Innocent of that Crime, we were all -exceedingly astonished and amazed, and consternated and affrighted even -out of our Reason; and our nearest and dearest Relations, seeing us in -that dreadful condition, and knowing our great danger, apprehending -that there was no other way to save our lives, as the case was then -circumstantiated but by our confessing ourselves to be such and such -persons, as the afflicted represented us to be, they out of tender -love and pitty perswaded us to confess what we did confess. And indeed -that Confession, that it is said we made, was no other than what was -suggested to us by some Gentlemen; they telling us, that we were -Witches, and they knew it, and we knew it, and they knew that we knew -it, which made us think that it was so; and our understanding, our -reason, and our faculties almost gone; we were not capable of judging -our condition; as also the hard measures they used with us, rendred -us uncapable of making our Defence; but said any thing and every -thing which they desired, and most of what we said, was but in effect -a consenting to what they said. Sometime after when we were better -composed, they telling of us what we had confessed, we did profess -that we were Innocent, and Ignorant of such things. And we hearing -that_ Samuel Wardwell _had renounced his Confession, and quickly after -Condemned and Executed, some of us were told that we were going after_ -Wardwell. - -Mary Osgood, Mary Tiler, Deliv. Dane, Abigail Barker, Sarah Wilson, -Hannah Tiler.[55] - - -[112] It may here be further added concerning those that did Confess, -that besides that powerful Argument, of Life (and freedom from -hardships, and Irons not only promised, but also performed to all that -owned their guilt.) There are numerous Instances, too many to be here -inserted, of the tedious Examinations before private persons, many -hours together; they all that time urging them to Confess (and taking -turns to perswade them) till the accused were wearied out by being -forced to stand so long, or for want of Sleep, _&c._ and so brought to -give an Assent to what they said; they then asking them, Were you at -such a Witch-meeting, or have you signed the Devils Book, _&c._ upon -their replying, yes, the whole was drawn into form as their Confession. - -But that which did mightily further such Confessions, was their nearest -and dearest Relations urging them to it. These seeing no other way of -escape for them, thought it the best advice that could be given; hence -it was that the Husbands of some, by counsel often urging, and utmost -earnestness, and Children upon their Knees intreating, have at length -prevailed with them, to say they were guilty. - - -AS to the manner of Tryals, and the Evidence taken for Convictions at -_Salem_, it is already set forth in Print, by the Reverend Mr. _Cotton -Mather_ in his _Wonders of the Invisible World_, at the Command of his -Excellency Sir _William Phips_;[56] with not only the Recommendation, -but thanks of the Lieutenant Governour; and with the Approbation of the -Reverend Mr. _J. M._ in his Postscript to his _Cases of Conscience_; -which last Book was set forth by the consent of the Ministers in and -near _Boston_.[57] - -Two of the Judges have also given their Sentiments in these words, -_p._ 147. - -_The Reverend and worthy Author, having at the direction of his -Excellency the Governour, so far obliged the Publick, as to give some -account of the sufferings, brought upon the Countrey by Witchcrafts, -and of the Tryals which have passed upon several executed for the same._ - -_Upon perusal thereof, We find the matters of Fact and Evidence truly -reported, and a prospect given of the Methods of Conviction, used in -the proceedings of the Court at_ Salem. - - William Stoughton, - Samuel Sewall. - -Boston, October 11, 1692. - -And considering that this may fall into the hands of such as never saw -those Wonders, it may be needful to transcribe the whole account he has -given thereof, without any variation (but with one of the Indictments -annext to the Tryal of each) which is thus prefaced, P. 81, 82, 83. - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[1] The following Entry is in the Hand-writing of Mr. Parris on his -_Church Records_: "It is well known that when these Calamities first -began, which was in my own Family, the Affliction was several Weeks -before such hellish Operations as Witchcraft was suspected; Nay, it -never broke forth to any considerable Light, until diabolical Means -was used, by the making of a Cake by my Indian Man [John], who had his -Directions from this our Sister Mary Sibly. Since which Apparitions -have been plenty, and exceeding much Mischief hath followed. But by -this Means (it seems) the Devil hath been raised amongst us, and his -Rage is vehement and terrible; and when he shall be silenced, the Lord -only knows."--_Hanson's Hist. Danvers_, 289. As will be seen, Mr. -Parris was made Scribe at the Examination. - -[2] It is remarkable that this Case should not be noticed in the -_Wonders of the Invisible World_. It is told in Lawon's _Narrative_, -_Page 3_. See also _Records of Salem Witchcraft_, 49, where by Parris's -Deposition, his Age is stated at "Thirty and nine." - -[3] None of the Accounts give the Names of the "Physicians." "One or -two of the First that were Afflicted, Complaining of unusual Illness -their Relations used Physic for their _Cure_, but it was altogether in -vain."--_Lawson, Second Edition_, 97-8. - -[4] She is said to have been a Slave, formerly in New Spain. When -arrested and searched, the Marks on her Body produced by the Sting of -the Spaniard's Whip, were said to be made by the Devil.--_Hanson_, -_Hist. Danvers_, 273. Her first Examination was on the 1st of March, -1691-2. It occupies four full Pages of Foolscap, and is in the Editor's -possession, and has never been published. There is no copy at Salem, -probably, as it does not appear in Mr. Woodward's Publication. - -[5] The two Magistrates were John Hathorne and Jonathan Corwin. William -Allen, John Hughes, William Good and Samuel Braybrook were Witnesses -against Sarah Good. Allen swore, that on the 1st of March, in the -Night, he saw a strange and unusual Beast lying on the Ground, which, -when he came up to it, it vanished away; and in the Place thereof, -started up two or three Women, who fled, though not as other Women, and -soon vanished out of Sight. It was about an Hour within Night, and he -took the Women to be Sarah Good, Sarah Osborn, and Tittabe. John Hughes -was with him and swore likewise. See _Records S. W._, i, 38, where much -more of the same Tenor may be seen. - -[6] Martha Cory was witnessed against by Edward Putnam and Henry Keney, -at the Commencement; and the Mittimus sets forth that she is the Wife -of Giles Cory, of Salem Farms. At the same Time were committed Rebecka -Nurse, Wife of Francis Nurse, of Salem Village, Husbandman; Dorothy -Good, Daughter of William Good; Sarah Cloyce, the Wife of Peter Cloyce, -of Salem Village; John Proctor, of Salem Farms, and Elizabeth his -Wife. They were charged with afflicting Ann Putnam, Daughter of Thomas -Putnam, Abigail Williams, Elizabeth Hubbard, and others. - -[7] Nicholas Noyes was Son of Nicholas Noyes, of Newbury, a Graduate of -H. C., 1667, and died in 1717. He was one of the severest Instigators -of the Proceedings against the accused Persons. He was settled in Salem -in 1683. - -[8] Indifferently written in the Records _Bibber_ and _Vibber_. The -true Name appears to be _Bibber_. Sarah Bibber, in her Testimony -against Sarah Good, gives her Age as 36. She gave Evidence against nine -Persons at different Times. Not much has been found about her beyond -her own Testimony. She appears to have had a Husband, who had the -Prefix Goodman. At one Time she and her Husband lived at the House of -Joseph Fowler. Fowler gave her a bad Character; as given to Tattling -and Mischiefmaking; would call her Husband bad Names, was "of a very -turbulent, unruly Spirit." Also Thomas Jacobs and his Wife Mary, said -that "Good Bibbor did for a Time surgine [sojourn] in their House;" -that she "uery often spekeing against one and nother uery obsanely, -and wichshing [wishing] uery bad wichchis, and uery often. She wichs -that when hor chill [child] fell into the Reuer that she had neuer pull -hor child out." That she made ill Wishes against everybody and herself -too. "The nayborhud were she liueued amonkes aftor she bered hor fust -housbon hes tolld us that this John Bibber Wife coud fall into fitts as -she plesed."--_Records S. W._, ii, 204-5. - -Neither Felt nor Savage appear to have met with either the Name of -_Bibber_ or _Vibber_. - -[9] "It was several Times observed, that when they were discoursed with -about GOD or CHRIST, or the Things of _Salvation_, they were presently -afflicted at a dreadful Rate, and hence were oftentimes _Outragious_, -if they were permitted to be in the Congregation, in the Time of the -Publick Worship."--_Lawson, Second Edit._, 98. - -"On Lord's Day, the 20th of _March_ were sundry of the afflicted -Persons at Meeting, as Mrs. _Pope_ [Wife of Mr. Joseph P.], Goodwife -_Bibber_, _Abigail Williams_, _Mary Walcut_, _Mary Lewes_, and Docter -_Grigg's_ Maid. There was also at Meeting Goodwife C. [Cory] (who -was afterward Examined on Suspicion of being a _Witch_:) They had -several sore Fits, in the Time of Publick Worship, which did something -interrupt me in my first Prayer; being so unusual. After Psalm was -Sung, _Abigail Williams_ said to me, _Now stand up_, and _Name your -Text_! And after it was read, she said, _It is a long Text_. In the -beginning of Sermon, Mrs. _Pope_, a Woman afflicted, said to me, _Now -there is enough of that_. And in the Afternoon, _Abigail Williams_, -upon my referring to my _Doctrine_, said to me, _I know no Doctrine -you had, if you did name one, I have forgot it_. In Sermon Time when -Goodwife C. was present _Ab. W._ called out, _Look where Goodwife C. -sits on the Beam suck[l]ing her Yellow Bird betwixt her Fingers_! _Anne -Putman_, another Girle afflicted, _said there was a Yellow Bird sat on -my Hat as it hung on the Pin in the Pulpit_! But those that were by -restrained her from speaking loud about it."--_Lawson, First Edition_, -Pages 3 and 4. - -This, as will have been noticed, is the Account of an Eye Witness. - -[10] The Warrant for the Apprehension of Rebecca Nurse is dated 23 -March, 169½. The Day following, the Marshal, George Herrick, made his -Return, that he had brought her to the house of _Nath. Ingersal_, -where she was in Custody. The Witnesses were Ann Puttnam, Jr., Abigail -Williams, Mary Walcott, and Elizabeth Hubbard. Mary Walcott's Age was -about 17; Elizabeth Hubbard's also about 17. Nothing could be too -abominable for these Miscreants to make up and swear to. Mary Walcott -said, among other things, that besides being "most greviously afflicted -by" being bitten, pinched, and almost choked by the Prisoner, because -she would not write in her Book, Goody N. said she would kill her if -she did not; and on the 3rd of May, in the Evening the Apparition -of the Prisoner told her "she had an Hand in the Deaths of Benjamin -Holton, John Harrod, Rebekah Sheppard and seuerall others." - -Abigail Williams's Testimony is much the same. She heard the Accused -confess (by her Apparition) the committing of several Murders, together -with her Sister Cloyse; as upon old Goodm: Hanvood, Benj. Porter and -Rebek: Shepard.... Sarah Vibber, Mr. Sam: Parris, N. Ingersoll and T. -Putnam also testified against the poor aged Woman. Putnam's Age was -about 40; Parris's, as before mentioned, about 39. John Putnam, Sen. -(another Wit.) aged about 63. Edwd. Putnam, another, aged about 30. -Another, Sarah Holton, relict of Benj. Holton. Another, Ann Putnam, -Wife of Thomas, swore to the choking by the Accused, and to her -declaring she would kill her, and said she had killed Benj. Holton, -John Fuller and Rebekah Shepard; also that she and her Sister Cloyse -and Ed: Bishop had killed young John Putnam's Child.... "Immediately -there did appear to me six Children in Winding-sheets, which called -me Aunt.... Told me they were my Sister Baker's Children of Boston; -and that Gooddy Nurs, and Mistris Cary of Charlestown, and an old deaf -Woman at Boston had murthered them.... Also there appeared to me my -own Sister Bayley and three of her Children in Winding-sheets, and -told me Goody Nurs had murthered them." This was all taken as good and -sufficient Testimony! - -[11] This Reference is to the first Edition of Lawson's Work, _A Brief -and True Narrative, &c._ His Account is given in Note 9. - -[12] Lawson, _First Edition_, Page 4. - -[13] Lawson, Page 8. The Words "_at a House in the Village_," are in -the Original, which shows that the Witch-meeting was in that part of -Salem since Danvers. - -[14] This Affair of the 1st of April, is an Abridgement of Lawson, Page -8, but nothing important to the present Purpose is omitted. - -[15] The following is the Relation by Lawson, given in his own Words, -that the Reader may judge of his accuracy: "The 3d of _April_, the -Lord's Day, being Sacrament Day, at the Village, _Good. C._, upon Mr. -_Parris's_ naming his Text, _John_, 6, 70. _One of them is a Devil_, -the said Good. _C._ went immediately out of the Meetinghouse, and flung -the door after her violently, to the amazement of the Congregation: She -was afterwards seen by some in their Fits, who said, _O Goodw. C. I did -not think to see you here_! (and being at their _red bread and drink_) -said to her, _Is this a Time to receive the Sacrament. You ran away on -the Lord's Day, and scorned to receive it in the Meetinghouse, and Is -this a Time to receive it? I wonder at you_! This is the Summ of what I -either saw myself, or did receive Information from Persons of undoubted -Reputation and Credit."--_Page_ 8. - -[16] "On the 11th of April, 1692, a Council was convened at Salem; at -which there were present DEP. GOV. THOMAS DANFORTH, JAMES RUSSELL, JOHN -HATHORNE, ISAAC ADDINGTON, MAJ. SAMUEL APPLETON, CAPT. SAMUEL SEWALL -and JONATHAN CORWIN. To them Complaint was exhibited by Capt. Jonathan -Wallcott and Lieut. Nathaniell Ingersall, both of Salem Village, on the -behalf of several Neighbors, as well as on their own; against Sarah -Cloyce, wife of Peter Cloyce of Salem Village, and Elizabeth Proctor, -wife of John Proctor of Salem Farms [on the Road towards Boston] for -high suspition of sundry Acts of Witchcraft, committed on the Bodies -of Abigail Williams and John Indian, both of Mr. Samuel Parris his -Famyly, Mary Walcot, Ann Putnam and Mercy Lewis, &c." When the Accused -were brought before the Council, Mr. Parris "was desired and appointed -to wright ye Examination," which he accepted, and the Record is still -extant in his Hand-writing. Accordingly Elizabeth Proctor, and her -Husband, John Proctor, and Sarah Cloyce were all committed to Prison, -"per advise of ye Councill."--_Witchcraft Records_, i. 101-2. - -[17] The Testimony and Indictment against Philip English may be seen -in the _Hist. and Antiq's Boston_, 497, printed from the Originals in -the Author's Possession. With the same are the two Indictments (in the -Hand-writing of Edward Rawson), charging him with bewitching Elizabeth -Booth, of Salem, Single-woman, and Mary Wallcott. These Indictments are -both dated May 31st, 1692. The Monsters who carried on the Charges, -were much like a Pack of hungry Wolves. One would set up the Howl of -Witch, and immediately others would follow. So in the Case of Philip -English, a large number of Persons joined those Girls in their "Crying -out on" him. This encouraged them to keep up their Deceptions. Mrs. -English was accused before her Husband. One Mary Warren, Servant to Mr. -Procter, outwent all others, except perhaps Elizabeth Booth, in the -Invention of Stories. Rebutting Testimony was brought against her, but -it had no Effect with the Court. Edward Bishop, aged 44; Sarah, 41, and -Mary Estey, 56; all said that they heard Mary Warren say, when in Jail -together in Salem, that the Magistrates might as well examine Keysar's -Daughter that had been distracted many Years, and believe what she -said, as well as what any of the Afflicted said. Mary English, aged 39, -said, being at Salem about a Month before, she heard Mary Warren speak -the same Words. - -[18] Dr. Mather affirms that "the _Old Government_ was _Reassumed_, -and the _Old Charter_ too was _Reassumed_, as far as it was possible -to be done; Every thing in the World was done, but only declaring -that the _Judgment_ passed in the King's Court of Chancery (however -it might be thought a Grievance) did the _Charter_ no _Damage_; which -if some were wiser then to say, who can help it? Well, did I oppose -this _Reassumption_! They that were acquainted with me, I am sure, -did not think so; and they that sent their _Tory Pamphlets_ about -the Countrey against me, as an _Impudent Youth_ [then aged 26] for -my assisting the _Reassumed Government_, I am sure did not think -so. Let the things Published for the supporting of the Reassumed -Government; and particularly the very first _Passage_ in the _First -Sermon_, at the _Anniversary Election_, which the Deputies of the -_General-Court_ called me to _Preach_ and _Print_, (which by the way, -would they have done, if the _Young Man_ had been such an one as this -Man would render him?) be my Everlasting Apology; and let _Calves_ -never Bleat, nor _Bulls_ (of _Bashan_) Roar against me, on that -Point any more."--_Remarks upon a Scandalous Book_, &c., Pages 46-7. -The "Passage" he refers to in his Election Sermon is too long to be -extracted here. - -[19] Our Author is not the only one who thought Dr. I. Mather had some -selfish Ends to answer in his Management of Affairs in England. See -Quincy, _Hist. H. Col._, i, 60. But Quincy is entirely too one-sided, -ardent and dogmatical to be implicitly relied upon. - -[20] That is the Disputes respecting the Form of Government. - -[21] It appears that some Irons had been prepared before the Arrival -of Gov. Phips, though he may have ordered a further Supply, as -Prisoners greatly increased about that Time. Mr. Felt, the Annalist -of Salem, furnished Mr. J. W. Hanson with a Copy of an Account of the -Prison-keeper (John Arnold), of Boston, for various Items used in the -Prison. Said Account begins about the 7th of March, 1691-2. On "May -9th, To Chains for Sarah Good and Sarah Osborn, 14 _s._ May 23d, To -Shackles for 10 Prisoners. May 29th, to 1 pr. Irons for Mary Cox," &c. -See _Hist. Danvers_, 290. For other Items of this Sort, see _Records of -S. W._, ii, 212, _et seq._ - -[22] This was _Tituba_, of whom Mention has been before made. See -_Note_ 4. Her first Examination is a surprising Document, not only for -its Length, but for its Matter; and the Editor cannot but candidly -confess that the Questions were more ridiculous than the Answers of -the simple Indian Woman, if possible. Her Husband was known as _John -Indian_. The original Minutes are in the Editor's Possession. - -[23] This application of Irons was of course after the Arrival of the -Governor. The Name of the Jailor has already been given. - -[24] It would seem from the _Records_, (as published by Mr. Woodward) -that Cary's name was _Nathaniel_. In Savage, we find that _Jonathan_ -Cary of Charlestown had Wife Hannah Winsor; that _Nathaniel_ was -Brother to Jonathan, and that they were Sons to James Cary, who came -to Charlestown in or before 1639. Complaint was made against Mrs. -Cary by Mr. Thomas Putnam and Benjamin Hatchinson, both of Salem -Village. The Complaint was that she had bewitched the miscreant Girls -before-mentioned, Mary Walcott, Abigall Willyams and Mercy Lewis. -Mrs. Cary's Husband is styled "Capt. Nathaniell Cary of Charls Towne, -Marener."--_Records_, ii., 196. - -[25] He was the Son of the Pilgrim John of the Mayflower. See an -Account of him and his Persecution in _Hist. and Antiqs. Boston_, -499. Also _Records S. W._, ii., 196. His Accusers were the same -Wretches--Mary Lewis, Abigail Williams, Elizabeth Booth, Mary Walcott, -Elizabeth Hubbard, Ann Putnam and Mary Warren. The Warrant for his -Commitment was dated May 31st, 1692, as will be seen immediately onward. - -[26] The same, probably, mentioned before. See Vol. ii, Page 75. - -[27] The original Mittimus does not appear among the Records preserved -at Salem. If preserved, it has not been discovered. - -[28] Their Names may, probably, nearly all be collected from the -Records. Interest should prompt some one to make the Attempt. - -[29] Their Names have already appeared. Capt. Sewall was the well known -Judge Sewall. - -[30] See the long and tedious Testimonies against her in Vol. I, Pages -163-174, and of the same ridiculous Character as others; yet not so -ridiculous there as in the original _Records_, which see. Ezekiel -Cheever took down the Examination. - -[31] Of this Abstract Dr. Mather says: "His first and main Design is -to render me odious unto the Countrey, as being one chief _Abettor_ -of that Opinion, That the Devils cannot afflict in the Shape of an -Innocent Person; and as being an _Inciter_ of the Judges, to the -Conviction of _Witchcrafts_ upon that Opinion. It is very certain that -his Conscience must needs tell him, this is a most _Lying Accusation_. -For in my Book of _Memorable Providences_, which I writ before the -Troubles at _Salem_, and even _before I was so fully acquainted with -the Wiles of Satan_, (for my saying of which, on a certain Occasion, he -flouts at me) I have a whole Paragraph to caution against _accounting -a bewitched Persons pretending to see an Apparition of such or such -an one, an Argument of their being Naughty People_. And some of the -Chief Ministers in this Land favoured that Book with their Attestation, -however my Friend Calef now Derides it." This was the Work recommended -by Mr. Baxter. - -[32] The Trial of Susanna Martin is given in the _Wonders_ (Vol. i.) -Pages 175-187; that of Elizabeth How, Pages 188-194; that of Rebecca -Nurse in _Records of S. W._ i. 76-99; Vol. ii. 215; of Sarah Wilds of -Topsfield, _Ibid_, ii, 180-182, 215; Sarah Good; _Ibid_, 11-24; ii, -214-15. The Partiality in the Wonders is elsewhere noticed. - -[33] The Trial of Sarah Good was one of a singularly revolting -Character. Her own Daughter, named Dorothy, was one of the Witnesses -against her. Said her Mother "had three Birds, one black, one -yellow, and that these Birds hurt the Children and afflicted -Persons."--_Records S. W._ i, 23. Her own Husband gave her a very bad -Character, but said he knew nothing of her being a Witch. The Story of -the broken Knife, I do not remember seeing in the _Records_. It was -probably suppressed. Samuel Abbey and Mary his Wife, aged about 45 and -38, respectively, testified that William Good and his Wife Sarah, being -destitute of a House to dwell in, they took them in out of Charity; -but about two years and a half before, were obliged to turn them out -"for quietness sake, the said Sarah was of so turbulant a Sperritt, -spitefull and mallitiously bent." Whereupon the said Abbey in about two -years lost 17 head of Cattle, besides Sheep and "Hoggs."--_Records_, -_ib._ 24-5. See also Mr. Upham's _Lectures on Witchcraft_. - -[34] The Names of the Jurors are not recorded. John Ruck was the -Foreman, Brother-in-law, I suppose of Mr. Burroughs. - -[35] It is much to be regretted that the Author found it necessary to -exclude such Documents. The Paper referred is of special regret. - -[36] What has been preserved of the Trials of these Persons, will be -found in Vol. i, and in the _Records_ before cited. - -[37] "I was present when these things were testified against him, -and observed that he could not make any Plea for himself (_in these -Things_) that had any Weight: He had the Liberty of Challenging his -_Jurors_, before empannelling, according to the _Statue_ in that Case, -and used his Liberty in Challenging many; yet the Jury that were -_Sworn_ brought him in Guilty."--Lawson, _Second Edition_, 115. - -Mr. Burroughs' Trial is fully given in Vol. i, 152-63. It is not among -the Records, for the Reason, probably, that it had been given to Mr. -Mather to use, and was never returned. His Examination was before -Stoughton, Hathorne, Sewall and Corwin. The following are the Names of -the Men appointed to search him for Teats: Edward Welch, William Gill, -Zeb. Hill, Thomas Flint, Thomas West, Samuel Morgan and John Bare, as -Printed in the _Records_, ii, 112. They reported no "Tetts" upon Mr. -Burroughs. - -Ann Putnam's Testimony was ingenious, and as damning as any _Infernal -Spirit_ could have desired. See _Records_, _ib._ 113-116. Mather does -not give it, but says such things were evidenced; as that he had -murdered sundry People. See Remarks of Mr. Upham, _Lectures_, 55. - -[38] A misprint, probably, for _Nashaway_. - -[39] Dr. Increase Mather, Mr. James Allen of the Old South, Mr. Joshua -Moody, Mr. Samuel Willard of the Old South, and Mr. John Bailey of the -First Church, Boston. - -[40] My friend Savage calls this an "Infernal Business." I hope he will -never get further out of the Way. It would seem that the Officials of -that Day must have taken lessons of Roman Inquisitors. - -[41] Daniel Andrew of Salem, as I conjecture. - -[42] Nineteen Years after these Executions, the General Court of the -Province passed an Act declaring null and void all the Attainders -and Judgments against those who had suffered for Witchcraft. This -Act was passed "upon the Humble Petition of the said Persons and of -the Children of others of them whose Parents were Executed." The -General Assembly also appointed a Committee "to consider of ye Damages -sustained by sundry Persons prosecuted for Witchcraft in ye Year 1692." -The Committee computed the Damage to those above named as follows: Mr. -and Mrs. Cory £21; Mary Easty £20; Alice Parker got nothing, but Mary -Parker got £8; Nothing appears for Ann Pudeater; Dorcas Hoar £21; Mary -Bradberry £20; some that suffered had no Representative to receive the -Award. - -[43] Allowances were made to the most of those or their Children, as -may be seen in the Records before cited. - -[44] "The Hill" has ever since been pointed out as _Witch Hill_, or -more generally _Gallows Hill_; whence is had a fine view of the City of -Salem. Some Account of this noted Hill might reasonably be expected in -a History of Salem. The _Institute_ should look to the Matter. - -[45] Surely Cotton Mather never uttered anything more inhuman. Mr. -Noyes has already been noticed. - -[46] Mr. John Hale had testified against some of the Accused; but I do -not find that when his own Wife was accused any Record was made of it. - -[47] The Case of Mr. English has been before referred to. See Note 17. - -[48] Ballard's Testimony against Samuel Wardwell may be seen in the -_Records of S. W._, ii, 152. Ballard gave his Age as about 41 Years, -and mentions his Brother John. See onward. - -[49] This was not the First of the Troubles by supposed Witchcraft at -Andover, as appears by the following Record, the Original of which -is in the Editor's Collection: "The Deposition of Job Tylar, aged -about 40 Yeares, Mary his Wife and Moses Tylʳ his Son aged betwixt 17 -and 18 Years, and Mary Tyler aboue 15 Yeares olde.--These Deponents -witnesse that they saw a thing like a Bird to come in at the Dore of -there House with John Godfery in the Night about the bignes of a Black -Bird or rather bigger, to wit, as big as a Pigion, and did fly about; -John Godfery labouring to catch it, and the Bird vanished, as they -conceived, through the Chinck of a joynted Bord; and being asked by the -Man of the House wherefore it came, he answered, It came to suck your -Wife. This was (as they remember) about 5 or 6 Yeares since.--Taken -vpon Oath of the 4 above menconed Pties, this 27. 4. 59. Before mee - - "SIMON BRADSTREETE. - -Ouned in Court Mʳh, 65, by Job Tylar and Moses Tylar. - - E. R. Sec - -Owned in Court 13 March, 65, by Mary Tyler on hir former Oath. - - E. R. Sec" - -The Above is in the Autograph of Gov. Bradstreet and Edward Rawson. - -[50] Son of Governor Simon Bradstreet. In 1698, when the Indians -attacked Andover, Bradstreet and his Family were captured; but they -were set at Liberty the same Day. - -[51] I am unable to ascertain the Name of the "worthy Gentleman." He -was doubtless one of those, like Mr. Calef, not afraid "to take the -Bull by the Horns." - -[52] Sarah, the Wife of Peter Cloyce and Mary Green were probably the -two Persons. The Latter seems to have made her Escape by the Assistance -of John Shepard of Rowley. See Felt, _History of Ipswich and Hamilton_, -207. - -[53] See the Evidence against Susanna Martin, i, Pages 177, _et seq._ -See, also, Woodward's _Rec. of Salem Witchcraft_, i, 193-206, ii, 215. - -[54] Mr. John Barnard, who is duly commemorated by Dr. Allen in the -_Amer. Biog. Dictionary_. He was Author of several Works. - -[55] Slight Notices of the Families to which these Persons belonged may -be seen in Abbot's _History of Andover_. - -[56] It is a Wonder that Mr. Calef did not tell his Readers how -shockingly Mr. Mather reported those Trials; and it is accounted for -only by presuming that the Originals were not accessible to him, having -been put into the Hands of Mr. Mather. - -[57] Their Names were not printed according to the original MS. in the -_Cases of Conscience_. They _are_ correctly printed from that MS., -however, by the Editor, with some Remarks, in his Edition of Mather's -_Relation_, xxii. The Order of Subscription is entirely changed. - - -[Mather's _Preface to the Tryals_.] - -[113] BUT I shall no longer detain my Reader from his expected -entertainment, in a brief account of the Tryals, which have passed -upon some of the Malefactors, lately Executed at _Salem_, for the -Witchcrafts whereof they stood convicted. For my own part I was not -present at any of them; nor ever had I any personal prejudice at the -persons thus brought upon the Stage; much less, at the surviving -Relations of those persons, with and for whom, I would be as hearty a -mourner, as any Man living in the World: _The Lord comfort them!_ But -having received a command so to do, I can do no other than shortly -relate the chief Matters of Fact, which occurr'd in the Tryals of some -that were Executed; in an Abridgment collected out of the Court-Papers, -on this occasion put into my hands. You are to take the truth, just -as it was; and the truth will hurt no good Man. There might have been -more of these, if my Book would not thereby have been swelled too -big; and if some other Worthy hands did not perhaps intend something -further in these Collections; for which cause I have only singled -out four or five, which may serve to Illustrate the way of dealing, -wherein Witchcrafts use to be concerned; and I report matters not as an -Advocate, but as an Historian. - -They were some of the Gracious words inserted in the Advice, which many -of the Neighbouring Ministers did this Summer humbly lay before our -Honourable Judges, We cannot but with all thankfulness, acknowledge -the success, which the merciful God has given unto the Sedulous and -Assiduous Endeavours of our Honorable Rulers, to detect the Abominable -Witchcrafts, which have been committed in the Country; Humbly praying -that the discovery of those Mysterious, and Mischievous wickednesses, -may be perfected. If in the midst of the many Dissatisfactions -among us, the publication of these Tryals, may promote such a Pious -thankfulness unto God, for Justice being so far executed among us, I -shall rejoice that God is glorified; and pray that no wrong steps of -ours may ever sully any of his glorious works. - - -[George Burrough's _Tryal_.] - - _The Indictment of_ George Burroughs.[58] - -[Essex ss.] _Anno Regni Regis & Reginæ Williemi & Mariæ nunc Angliæ, -&c. quarto._-- - -THE Jurors for our Sovereign Lord and Lady the King and Queen present, -That _George Burroughs_, late of _Falmouth_, in the Province of the -_Massachusetts-Bay_, in _New-England_, Clerk. - -The 9th Day of _May_, in the fourth Year of the Reign of our Sovereign -Lord and Lady _William_ and _Mary_, by the Grace of God, of _England_, -_Scotland_, _France_ and _Ireland_, King and Queen Defenders of the -[114] Faith, _&c._ And divers other days and times, as well before as -after, certain detestable Arts, called Witchcrafts, and Sorceries, -Wickedly and Feloniously hath used, practised, and exercised, at and -within the Township of _Salem_, in the County of _Essex_ aforesaid, -in upon, and against one _Mary Wolcott_ of _Salem_-Village, in the -County of _Essex_, Single-woman, by which said wicked Arts the said -_Mary Wolcott_, the Ninth Day of _May_, in the fourth Year abovesaid, -and divers other days and times, as well before as after, was and is -Tortured, Afflicted, Pined, Consumed, Wasted and Tormented, against the -Peace of our Sovereign Lord and Lady, the King and Queen, and against -the Form of the Statute in that Case made and provided. - - Witnesses, _Mary Wolcott, Sarah Vibber,[59] Mercy Lewis, Ann Putnam, - Eliz. Hubbard_. - - Endorsed by the Grand Jury, _Billa Vera_. - -There was also a second Indictment for afflicting _Elizabeth Hubbard_, -the Witnesses to the said Indictment were _Elizabeth Hubbard_, _Mary -Wolcott_, and _Ann Putnam_. - -The third Indictment was for afflicting _Mercy Lewis_: the Witnesses, -the said _Mercy Lewis_, _Mary Wolcott_, _Elizabeth Hubbard_, and _Ann -Putnam_. - -The fourth for acts of Witchcraft on _Ann Putnam_, the Witnesses, the -said _Ann Putnam_, _Mary Wolcott_, _Elizabeth Hubbard_, and _Mary -Warren_.[60] - - - _The Tryal of_ G. B. _as Printed in_ Wonders of the Invisible - World, _from_ P. 94 _to_ 104. - -GLAD should I have been, if I had never known the name of this Man; or -never had this occasion to mention so much as the first Letters of his -name. But the Government requiring some Account of his trial, to be -inserted in this Book, it becomes me with all obedience to submit unto -the Order. - -1. This _G. B._ was Indicted for Witchcrafts; and in the Prosecution -of the Charge against him, he was Accused by five or six of the -Bewitched, as the Author of their Miseries; he was accused by Eight of -the confessing Witches, as being an head Actor at some of their Hellish -Randezvouzes, and who had the promise of being a King in Satan's -Kingdom, now going to be erected; he was accused by Nine persons, for -extraordinary lifting, and such feats of strength as could not be done -without a Diabolical Assistance. And for other such things he was -accused, until about Thirty Testimonies[61] were brought in against -him; nor were these judg'd the half of what might have been consider'd -for his Conviction: however they were enough to fix the Character of a -Witch upon him, according to the Rules of Reasoning, by the judicious -_Gaule_, in that case directed. - -[115] The Court being sensible, that the Testimonies of the Parties -Bewitched, use to have a Room among the Suspicions, or Presumptions, -brought in against one Indicted for Witchcraft, there were now heard -the Testimonies of several Persons who were most notoriously bewitched, -and every day tortured by Invisible hands, and these now all charged -the Spectres of _G. B._ to have a share in their Torments. At the -Examination of this _G. B._ the bewitched People were grievously -harrassed with preternatural Mischiefs, which could not possibly be -dissembled; and they still ascribed it unto the Endeavours of _G. B._ -to kill them. And now upon his Trial, one of the bewitched persons -testified, That in her _Agonies_ a little Black-haired Man came to her, -saying his name was _B._ and bidding her set her hand unto a Book, -which he shewed unto her; and bragging that he was a Conjuror above -the ordinary Rank of Witches; that he often persecuted her, with the -offer of that Book, saying, she should be well, and need fear nobody, -if she would but sign it: but he inflicted cruel pains and hurts upon -her, because of her denying so to do.[62] The Testimonies of the other -Sufferers, concurred with these; and it was remarkable, that whereas -Biting, was one of the ways, which the Witches used, for the vexing of -the Sufferers, when they cry'd out of _G. B._ biting them, the print of -his Teeth would be seen on the Flesh of the Complainers; and just such -a set of Teeth as _G. B_'s. would then appear upon them, which could be -distinguished from those of some other Mens. - -Others of them testified, that in their Torments _G. B._ tempted them -to go unto a Sacrament, unto which they perceived him with a sound of -Trumpet summoning of other Witches; who quickly after the sound would -come from all quarters unto the Randezvous. One of them falling into a -kind of Trance, afterwards affirmed, that _G. B._ had carried her into -a very high Mountain, where he shewed her mighty and glorious Kingdoms, -and said he would give them all to her, if she would write in his -Book; but she told him, They were none of his to give; and refused the -Motions; enduring of much misery for that refusal.[63] - -It cost the Court a wonderful deal of trouble to hear the Testimonies -of the Sufferers; for when they were going to give in their -Depositions, they would for a long while be taken with Fits, that made -them uncapable of saying any thing. The chief Judge asked the Prisoner, -who he thought hindered these Witnesses from giving their Testimonies? -and he answered, He supposed it was the Devil. That Honourable person -then replied, How comes the Devil so loth to have any Testimony borne -against you? Which cast him into very great confusion.[64] - -3. It hath been a frequent thing for the bewitched People, to be -entertained with Apparitions of Ghosts of murdered People, at the -same time that the Spectres of the Witches trouble them. These Ghosts -do always [116] affright the beholders, more than all the other -Spectral Representations; and when they exhibit themselves, they cry -out of being murdered by the Witchcrafts or other Violences of the -persons who are then in Spectre present. It is further considerable, -that once or twice these Apparitions have been seen by others, at -the very same time they have shown themselves to the bewitched; and -seldom have there been these Apparitions, but when something unusual -and suspected hath attended the death of the Party thus appearing. -Some that have been accused by these Apparitions, accosting of the -bewitched People, who had never heard a word of any such persons ever -being in the World, have upon a fair Examination, freely and fully -confessed the Murders of those very persons, although these also did -not know how the Apparitions had complained of them. Accordingly -several of the bewitched had given in their Testimony, that they had -been troubled with the Apparitions of two Women, who said they were -_G. B_'s two Wives; and that he had been the death of them; and that -the Magistrates must be told of it, before whom, if _B._ upon his -Tryal denied it, they did not know but that they should appear again -in the Court. Now _G. B._ had been infamous, for the barbarous usage -of his two successive Wives, all the Countrey over. Moreover, it was -testified, the Spectre of _G. B._ threatning of the Sufferers told them -he had killed (besides others) Mrs. _Lawson_ and her Daughter _Ann_. -And it was noted, that these were the Vertuous Wife and Daughter of -one, at whom this _G. B._ might have a prejudice, for being serviceable -at _Salem_-Village, from whence himself had in ill terms removed some -Years before, and that when they dy'd, which was long since, there were -some odd circumstances about them, which made some of the Attendants -there suspect something of Witchcraft, though none imagined from what -quarter it should come. - -Well _G. B._ being now upon his Tryal, one of the bewitched persons -was cast into horror at the Ghosts of _B_'s. two deceased Wives, then -appearing before him, and crying for vengeance against him. Hereupon -several of the bewitched persons were successively called in, who all, -not knowing what the former had seen and said, concurred in their -horror of the Apparition, which they affirmed, that he had before him. -But he, though much appalled, utterly denied that he discerned any -thing of it, nor was it any part of his Conviction. - -4. Judicious writers have assigned it a great place, in the Conviction -of Witches, when persons are Impeached by other notorious Witches to -be as ill as themselves, especially if the persons have been much -noted for neglecting the Worship of God. Now as there might have -been Testimonies enough of _G. B_'s. Antipathy to Prayer, and the -other Ordinances of God, though by his Profession singularly obliged -thereunto; so there now came in against the Prisoner, the Testimonies -of several persons, who [117] confessed their own having been horrible -Witches, and ever since their Confessions, had been themselves -terribly tortured by the Devils and other Witches, even like the other -Sufferers; and therein undergone the pains of many deaths for their -Confessions. - -These now testified, that _G. B._ had been at Witch-meetings with them; -and that he was the person who had seduced and compelled them into the -Snares of Witchcraft: that he promised them fine Cloaths for doing -it; that he brought Poppets to them, and thorns to stick into those -Poppets, for the afflicting of other People: And that he exhorted them, -with the rest of the Crue to bewitch all _Salem_-Village; but be sure -to do it gradually; if they would prevail in what they did. - -When the _Lancashire_ Witches were Condemned, I do'nt remember -that there was any considerable further Evidence, than that of the -bewitched, and than that of some that had confessed. We see so much -already against _G. B._ But this being indeed not enough, there were -other things to render what had already been produced credible. - -5. A famous Divine, recites this among the Convictions of a Witch; the -Testimony of the party bewitched, whether pining or dying; together -with the Joint Oaths of sufficient persons, that have seen certain -podigious pranks or feats, wrought by the party accused. Now God had -been pleased so to leave this _G. B._ that he had ensnared himself, -by several instances which he had formerly given of a preternatural -strength; and which were now produced against him. He was a very puny -Man, yet he had often done things beyond the strength of a Giant.[65] -A Gun of about 7 Foot barrel, and so heavy that strong Men could not -steadily hold it out, with both hands; there were several Testimonies -given in by persons of Credit and Honor, that he made nothing of taking -up such a Gun behind the Lock with but one hand, and holding it out -like a Pistol, at Arms-end. _G. B._ in his vindication was so foolish, -as to say, that an _Indian_ was there, and held it out, at the same -time: whereas, none of the Spectators ever saw any such _Indian_; but -they supposed the black Man (as the Witches call the Devil; and they -generally say he resembles an _Indian_) might give him that Assistance. -There was Evidence likewise brought in, that he made nothing of -taking up whole Barrels fill'd with Mellasses, or Cyder, in very -disadvantageous Postures, and carrying of them thro' the difficultest -places, out of a Canoa to the Shore. - -Yea, there were two Testimonies, that _G. B._ with only putting the -Fore-finger of his right hand into the Muzzel of an heavy Gun, a -fowling piece of about six or seven foot Barrel did lift up the Gun, -and hold it out at Arms-end; a Gun which the Deponents, though strong -men, could not with both hands lift up, and hold out at the Butt-end, -as is usual. Indeed one of these Witnesses, was over-perswaded by -some persons to [118] be out of way upon _G. B_'s. Tryal; but he came -afterwards with sorrow for his withdraw, and gave in his Testimony. Nor -were either of these Witnesses made use of as Evidence in the Tryal. - -6. There came in several Testimonies, relating to the Domestick affairs -of _G. B._ which had a very hard Aspect upon him; and not only proved -him a very ill Man, but also confirmed the belief of the Character, -which had been already fastned on him. - -'Twas Testified, that keeping his two successive Wives in a strange -kind of slavery, he would when he came home from abroad pretend to -tell the talk which any had with them. That he has brought them to -the point of Death, by his harsh dealings with his Wives, and then -made the People about him to promise that in case Death should happen -they would say nothing of it. That he used all means to make his Wives -Write, Sign, Seal, and Swear a Covenant never to reveal any of his -Secrets. That his Wives had privately complained unto the Neighbours -about frightly Apparitions of Evil Spirits, with which their House was -sometimes infested; and that many such things have been whispered among -the Neighbourhood. There were also some other Testimonies, relating -to the death of People, whereby the Consciences of an impartial Jury -were convinced, that _G. B._ had bewitched the persons mention'd in -the Complaints. But I am forced to omit several such Passages in this -as well as in all the succeeding Tryals, because the Scribes who took -notice of them, have not supplied me. - -7. One Mr. _Ruck_, Brother in Law to this _G. B._ testified that _G. -B._ and he himself, and his Sister, who was _G. B_'s. Wife, going -out for two or three Miles, to gather Strawberries, _Ruck_ with his -Sister, the Wife of G. B. rode home very softly, with G. B. on foot, in -their company, G. B. stept aside a little into the Bushes, whereupon -they halted and hollow'd for him. He not answering, they went away -homewards, with a quickened pace; without any expectation of seeing -him in a considerable while: and yet when they were got near home, to -their astonishment they found him on foot, with them, having a Basket -of Strawberries. G. B. immediately then fell to chiding his Wife, on -the account of what she had been speaking to her Brother of him on the -Road: which when they wondered at, he said, He knew their thoughts. -_Ruck_ being startled at that, made some reply, intimating that the -Devil himself did not know so far; but G. B. answered, my god, makes -known your thoughts unto me. The Prisoner now at the Bar had nothing -to answer unto what was thus witnessed against him, that was worth -considering. Only he said, _Ruck_ and his Wife left a man with him, -when they left him. Which _Ruck_ now affirm'd to be false; and when -the Court asked G. B. What the mans name was? His countenance was -much altered; nor [119] could he say who it was. But the Court began -to think that he then stept aside, only that by the Assistance of the -black Man, he might put on his invisibility, and in that fascinating -Mist, gratify his own jealous humour, to hear what they said of him. -Which trick of rendering themselves invisible, our Witches do in their -Confessions pretend that they sometimes are masters of; and it is the -more credible, because there is demonstration that they often render -many other things utterly invisible. - -8. Faultering, Faulty, Unconstant, and contrary Answers upon Judicial -and deliberate Examination, are counted some unlucky symptoms of -Guilt in all Crimes, especially in Witchcrafts. Now there never was a -Prisoner more Eminent for them, than _G. B._ both at his Examination -and on his Tryal. His Tergiversations, Contradictions, and Falsehoods, -were very sensible: he had little to say, but that he had heard some -things that he could not prove, Reflecting upon the Reputation of some -of the Witnesses. Only he gave in a Paper to the Jury; wherein, altho' -he had many times before granted, not only that there are Witches, but -also that the present Sufferings of the Countrey are the Effects of -Horrible Witchcrafts, yet he now goes to evince it, that there neither -are nor ever were, Witches, that having made a compact with the Devil, -can send a Devil to torment other People at a distance. This Paper was -transcribed out of _Ady_; which the Court presently knew, as soon as -they heard it. But he said, he had taken none of it out of any Book; -for which his evasion afterwards was, that a Gentleman gave him the -Discourse in a Manuscript, from whence he transcribed it. - -9. The Jury brought him in Guilty; but when he came to dye, he utterly -deny'd the Fact, whereof he had been thus Convicted.[66] - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[58] As this Indictment does not appear to be among the Records, -its absence is accounted for as has been remarked of other similar -Documents before noticed; being taken from the Files and never returned. - -[59] This Name as has been mentioned already, is doubtless _Bibber_. - -[60] Of these abandoned Witnesses, we have already had sufficient. - -[61] About twenty appear in the Records, which see, Vol. II, Pages 109, -_et seq._ Respecting Mr. Burrough's great Strength, Samuel Webber, aged -about 36, swore, that "aboute ceauen or eight Yeares agoe I liued at -Casco Bay, and George Burroughs was then Minester there, and haueing -heard much of the great Strength of him sd. Burroughs; he coming to our -House wee ware in discourse aboute the same and he then told mee yt he -had put his fingers into the Bung of a Barrell of Malases and lifted it -vp and carryed it round him." Salem, Augt. 2d, 1692. - -Ann Putnam swore, that on the 20th of April, 1692, she saw the -_Apperishtion_ of Mr. Burroughs who tortured her in a terrible Manner; -told her he had had three Wives, and had bewitched two of them to -death; had killed Mistress Lawson because she was so unwilling to -go from the Village; had killed Mr. Lawson's Children because he -went to the Eastward with Sir Edmond [Andros] and preached so to the -Soldiers; had bewitched a great many Soldiers to death when Sir _Edmon_ -was there, &c. At another time she swore that the two Wives of Mr. -Burroughs appeared to her in their Winding-sheets, and told her how -they were murdered. Also Mrs. Lawson and her Daughter Ann appeared -in the same Manner; also another Woman who told her she was Goodman -Fuller's first Wife, and that Mr. Burroughs killed her, because of a -Difference between her Husband and him. - -Simon Willard, aged about 42 Years, was at the House of Mr. Robert -Lawrence, of Casco Bay, in Sept., 1689; saw Mr. Burroughs show where he -took hold of the Gun of about seven foot Barrel, which was behind the -Lock; and Mr. B. said he held it out with one Hand by so taking it, but -the Deponent did not see him do it. Willard commanded the Fort at Casco. - -Thomas Greenslett, aged about 40 Years, said he was at Capt. Joshua -Scottow's at Black Point, about the breaking out of the late Indian -War, where he saw Mr. B. lift a Gun of six foot Barrel or there-about, -by putting the Forefinger of his right Hand into the Muzzle; holding -it out at Arm's Length. Lieut. Richard Hunnewell and John _Greinslett_ -being present. The above are a few Specimens of the Evidence on which -Mr. Burroughs was condemned and executed. - -[62] Several of those Girls before mentioned, swore to about the same -thing. - -[63] The Girl who made oath to this was Mercy Lewis. It took place on -the 9th of May, 1692, as she said: "Mr. Burroughs carried me up to an -exceeding high Mountain and shewed me all the Kingdoms of the Earth, -and told me he would give them all to me if I would writ in his Book, -and if I would not, he would thro me down and break my Neck: but I -tould him they were none of his to give, and would not writ if he -throde me down on a hundred pichforks."--_Records S. W._ ii, 118. - -[64] This is only Dr. Mather's Abridgment of the Record, it will be -remembered. "Sus. Sheldon testifyed that Burroughs two Wives appeared -in their Winding-sheets, and said that Man killed them. He was bid to -look upon Sus. Sheldon. He looked back and knockt down all (or most) of -the afflicted who stood behind him."--_Ibid._ ii, 109. - -[65] By the Testimony extracted in Note 61, it will be seen that the -Doctor's Statement is rather beyond the Record. He may have, and -doubtless had more than is now extant. - -[66] See Note 153, Page 163, Vol. I. - - -[Bridget Bishop's _Indictment_.] - - _The Indictment of_ Bridget Bishop. - -_Anno Regni Regis & Reginæ Willielmi & Mariæ, nunc Angliæ, &c. quarto._ - -[_Essex_ ss.] - -THE jurors for our Sovereign Lord and Lady, the King and Queen present, -That _Bridget Bishop_, alias _Oliver_, the Wife of _Edward Bishop_ -in _Salem_, in the County of _Essex_, Sawyer, the Nineteenth day -of _April_, in the Fourth Year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord -and Lady, _William_ and _Mary_, by the Grace of God, of _England_, -_Scotland_, _France_ and _Ireland_, King and Queen, Defenders of the -Faith, _&c._ and divers other days and times, as well before as after, -certain detestable Arts, called Witchcrafts, and Sorceries, wickedly -and Felloniously hath used, practiced, and exercised at, and within the -Township of _Salem_, in the County of _Essex_, aforesaid, in, upon, -and against one [120] _Mercy Lewis_, of _Salem_-Village, in the County -aforesaid, single Woman; by which said wicked Arts, the said _Mercy -Lewis_, the said Nineteenth day of _April_, in the Fourth Year above -said, and divers other days and times, as well before as after, was and -is Hurt, Tortured, Afflicted, Pined, Consumed, Wasted and Tormented, -against the Peace of our Sovereign Lord and Lady, the King and Queen, -and against the form of the Statute, in that case made and provided. - -_Endorsed_ Billa Vera. - -Witnesses--_Mary Lewis, Nathaniel Ingarsoll_, Mr. _Samuel Parris, -Thomas Putnam_, Junior, _Mary Walcott_, Junior, _Ann Putnam_, Junior, -_Elizabeth Hubbard, Abigail Williams_. - - -There was also a Second Indictment, on the said _Bishop_, for -afflicting and practising Witchcraft on _Abigail Williams_. Witnesses -to the said Indictment, were the said _Abigail Williams_, Mr. _Parris, -Nathaniel Ingarsoll, Thomas Putnam, Ann Putnam, Mary Walcott, Elizabeth -Hubbard_.[67] - -The Third Indictment was for afflicting _Mary Walcott_, Witnesses to -which said Indictment, were _Mary Walcott, Mercy Lewis_, Mr. _Samuel -Parris, Nathaniel Ingarsoll, Thomas Putnam, Ann Putnam, Elizabeth -Hubbard, Abigail Williams_.[68] - -The Fourth Indictment was for afflicting _Elizabeth Hubbard_, Witnesses -to which said Indictment, were the said _Elizabeth Hubbard, Mercy -Lewis_, Mr. _Parris, Nathaniel Ingarsoll, Thomas Putnam, Ann Putnam, -Mary Walcott, Abigail Williams_. - -The Fifth Indictment was for afflicting _Ann Putnam_, Witnesses to -which said Indictment, were the said _Ann Putnam_, Mr. _Samuel Parris, -Nathaniel Ingarsoll, Thomas Putnam, Mercy Lewis, Mary Walcott, Abigail -Williams, Elizabeth Hubbard_.[69] - - -[Bridget Bishop's _Tryal_.] - - _The Tryal_ of Bridget Bishop, _as printed_, _in Wonders of - Invisible World_, June 2, 1692. P. 104 to 114. - -1. S_HE was Indicted for bewitching several persons in the -Neighbourhood. The Indictment being drawn up, according to the form -in such cases usual, and pleading not guilty, there were brought in -several persons, who had long undergone many kinds of miseries, which -were preternaturally inflicted, and generally ascribed unto an horrible -Witchcraft. There was little occasion to prove the Witchcraft, it being -evident and notorious to all beholders. Now to fix the Witchcraft on -the Prisoner at the Bar, the first thing used was, the testimony of -the bewitched; whereof several testified, that the shape of the_ [121] -_Prisoner did oftentimes very grievously pinch them, choak them, bite -them, and afflict them; urging them to write their names in a Book, -which the said Spectre call'd Ours. One of them did further testifie, -that it was the shape of this Prisoner, with another, which one day -took her from her Wheel, and carrying her to the River side, threatned -there to drown her, if she did not sign the Book mention'd, which yet -she refused. Others of them did also testifie, that the said shape, -did in her threats, brag to them, that she had been the death of -sundry persons, then by her named. Another testified, the Apparition -of Ghosts unto the Spectre of_ Bishop, _crying out,_ You murdered us. -_About the truth whereof, there was in the matter of Fact, but too much -suspicion._[70] - -2. _It was testified, that at the Examination of the Prisoner, before -the Magistrates, the bewitched were extreamly tortured. If she did -but cast her Eyes on them, they were presently struck down; and this -in such a manner as there could be no collusion in the business. But -upon the touch of her hand upon them, when they lay in their swoons, -they would immediately revive; and not upon the touch of any ones -else. Moreover upon some special Actions of her Body, as the shaking -of her head, or the turning of her Eyes, they presently and painfully -fell into the like postures. And many of the like accidents now fell -out, while she was at the Bar. One at the same time testifying, -that she said,_ She could not be troubled to see the Afflicted thus -tormented.[71] - -3. _There was Testimony likewise brought in, that a Man striking once -at the place, where a bewitched person said, the shape of this_ Bishop -_stood, the bewitched cryed out that he had tore her Coat, in the place -then particularly specified; and the Womans Coat was found to be torn -in the very place._[72] - -4. _One_ Deliverance Hobbs, _who had confessed her being a Witch, was -now tormented by the Spectres for her Confession. And she now testified -that this_ Bishop _tempted her to sign the Book again, and to deny -what she had confess'd. She affirmed, that it was the shape of this -Prisoner, which whipped her with Iron Rods, to compel her thereunto. -And she affirmed, that this_ Bishop _was at a General meeting of -the Witches in a field, at_ Salem-_Village; and there partook of a -Diabolical Sacrament, in Bread and Wine then administered._[73] - -5. _To render it further unquestionable, that the Prisoner at the Bar -was the Person truly charged in this Witchcraft; there was produced -many Evidences of other Witchcrafts, by her perpetrated. For instance,_ -John Cook _testified, that about five or six Years ago, one morning -about Sun-Rise, he was in his Chamber, assaulted by the shape of this -Prisoner: which look'd on him, grinn'd at him, and very much hurt him, -with a blow on the side of the head; and that on the same day about -Noon, the same shape walked in the Room where he was, and an Apple -strangely flew out of his hand, into the lap of his Mother, six or -eight foot from him._[74] - -[122] 6. Samuel Gray, _testify'd, that about fourteen Years ago, he -wak'd on a Night, and saw the Room where he lay full of light; and -that he then saw plainly a Woman between the Cradle and the Bedside, -which looked upon him. He rose, and it vanished; tho he found the Doors -all fast: Looking out at the Entry door, he saw the same Woman in the -same garb again, and said,_ In God's name, what do you come for? _He -went to Bed, and had the same Woman again assaulting him. The Child -in the Cradle gave a great Screech, and the Woman disappeared. It was -long before the Child could be quieted; and tho it were a very likely -thriving Child, yet from this time it pined away, and after divers -Months died in a sad condition. He knew not_ Bishop, _nor her name; but -when he saw her after this, he knew by her countenance, and apparel, -and all circumstances, that it was the Apparition of this_ Bishop, -_which had thus troubled him._[75] - -7. John Bly _and his Wife, testified, that he bought a Sow of_ Edward -Bishop, _the Husband of the Prisoner, and was to pay the price agreed -unto another person. This Prisoner being angry that she was thus -hindred from fingring the Money, quarrel'd with_ Bly, _soon after which -the Sow was taken with strange Fitts, jumping, leaping, and knocking -her head against the Fence, she seemed blind and deaf, and would -neither eat nor be sucked. Whereupon a Neighbour said, she believed the -creature was over-looked; and sundry other circumstances concurred, -which made the Deponents believe that_ Bishop _had bewitched it._[76] - -8. Richard Coman _testified that Eight Years ago, as he lay awake in -his Bed, with a light burning in the Room, he was annoyed with the -Apparition of this_ Bishop, _and of two more that were strangers to -him; who came and oppressed him so that he could neither stir himself, -nor wake any one else: and that he was the Night after molested again -in the like manner; the said_ Bishop _taking him by the Throat, and -pulling him almost out of the Bed. His Kinsman offered for this cause -to lodge with him; and that night, as they were awake discoursing -together, this_ Coman _was once more visited by the Guests which had -formerly been so troublesome, his Kinsman being at the same time struck -speechless, and unable to move hand or foot. He had laid his Sword by -him; which those unhappy Spectres, did strive much to wrest from him, -only he held too fast for them. He then grew able to call the People of -his house; but altho they heard him, yet they had not power to speak or -stir, until at last, one of the People crying out, What's the matter! -the Spectres all vanished._[77] - -9. _Samuel Shattuck_ testified, that in the Year, 1680. This -_Bridget Bishop_, often came to his house upon such frivolous and -foolish Errands, that they suspected she came indeed with a purpose -of Mischief. Presently whereupon his Eldest Child, which was of as -promising health and sense, as any Child of its Age, began to droop -exceedingly; and the [123] oftener that _Bishop_ came to the house, -the worse grew the Child. As the Child would be standing at the Door, -he would be thrown and bruised against the Stones, by an Invisible -hand, and in like sort knock his face against the sides of the house, -and bruise it after a miserable manner. Afterwards this _Bishop_ would -bring him things to Dye, whereof he could not Imagine any use; and when -she paid him a piece of Money, the Purse and Money were unaccountably -conveyed out of a lock'd Box, and never seen more. The Child was -immediately hereupon taken with terrible Fits, whereof his friends -thought he would have died: Indeed he did almost nothing but cry and -sleep, for several Months together; and at length his understanding -was utterly taken away. Among other Symptoms of an Inchantment upon -him one was, that there was a Board in the garden, whereon he would -walk; and all the Invitations in the world could never fetch him off. -About seventeen or eighteen Years after, there came a stranger to -_Shattocks_ house, who seeing the Child, said, _This poor Child is -bewitched; and you have a Neighbour living not far off who is a Witch_. -He added, _Your Neighbour has had a falling out with your Wife; and -she said in her heart, your Wife is a proud Woman, and she would bring -down her pride in this Child_: He then remembered, that _Bishop_ had -parted from his Wife in muttering, and menacing terms, a little before -the Child was taken ill. The abovesaid stranger would needs carry the -bewitched Boy with him to _Bishops_ House, on pretence of buying a Pot -of Cyder. The Woman entertained him in a furious manner; and flew also -upon the Boy, scratching his face till the Blood came, and saying, -_Thou Rogue, what? dost thou bring this fellow here to plague me?_ Now -it seems the Man had said before he went, that he would fetch Blood -of her. Ever after the Boy was followed with grievous Fits, which the -Doctors themselves generally ascribed unto Witchcraft; and wherein he -would be thrown still into the Fire or Water, if he were not constantly -looked after; and it was verily believed that _Bishop_ was the cause of -it.[78] - -10. _John Louder_ testified, that upon some little controversie with -_Bishop_ about her Fowls, going well to bed, he did awake in the Night -by Moonlight, and did clearly see the likeness of this Woman grievously -oppressing him. In which miserable condition she held him unable to -help himself, till near day. He told _Bishop_ of this; but she utterly -denied it, and threatned him very much. Quickly after this, being at -home on a Lord's Day, with the doors shut about him, he saw a black Pig -approach him; at which he going to kick, it vanished away. Immediately -after sitting down he saw a black thing jump in at the Window, and come -and stand before him. The body was like that of a Monkey, the feet -like a Cocks, but the face much like a Mans. He being so extremely -afrighted, that he could not speak; this Monster spoke to him and said, -_I am a Messenger_ [124] _sent unto you, for I understand that you are -in some trouble of Mind, and if you will be ruled by me, you shall -want for nothing in this World._ Whereupon he endeavoured to clap his -hands upon it; but he could feel no substance, and it jumped out of -the Window again; but immediately came in by the Porch, though the -doors were shut, and said, _You had better take my counsel!_ He then -struck at it with a stick, but struck only the Groundsel, and broke the -stick. The Arm with which he struck was presently disenabled, and it -vanished away. He presently went out at the back door, and spied this -_Bishop_, in her Orchard, going toward her House; but he had not power -to set one foot forward unto her. Whereupon returning into the House, -he was immediately accosted by the Monster he had seen before; which -Goblin was now going to fly at him: whereat he cried out, _The whole -Armour of God be between me and you!_ so it sprang back, and flew over -the Apple-tree; shaking many Apples off the Tree in its flying over. -At its leap, it flung dirt with its Feet, against the Stomach of the -Man; whereon he was then struck dumb, and so continued for three Days -together. Upon the producing of this Testimony, _Bishop_ denied that -she knew this Deponent. Yet their two Orchards joined, and they had -often had their little quarrels for some Years together.[79] - -11. _William Stacy_ testified, that receiving Money of this _Bishop_, -for work done by him, he was gone but a matter of three Rods from her, -and looking for his Money, found it unaccountably gone from him. Some -time after, _Bishop_ asked him whether his Father would grind her Grist -for her? He demanded why? she replied, because folks count me a Witch. -He answered, no question, but he will grind it for you; being then gone -about six Rods from her, with a small load in his Cart, suddainly the -off Wheel slumpt, and sunk down into an hole, upon plain ground, so -that the Deponent, was forced to get help for the recovering of the -Wheel. But stepping back to look for the hole which might give him this -disaster, there was none at all to be found. Some time after he was -waked in the Night; but it seemed as light as day, and he perfectly saw -the shape of this _Bishop_, in the Room troubling of him, but upon her -going out, all was dark again. He charg'd _Bishop_ afterwards with it, -and she denied it not; but was very angry. Quickly after, this Deponent -having been threatned by _Bishop_, as he was in a dark Night going to -the Barn, he was very suddenly taken or lifted from the ground and -thrown against a Stone-wall; after that he was again hoisted up, and -thrown down a bank, at the end of his House. After this, again passing -by this _Bishop_, his Horse with a small load, striving to draw, all -his Gears flew to pieces, and the Cart fell down; and this Deponent -going then to lift a bag of Corn, of about two Bushels, could not budge -it with all his might.[80] - -[125] Many other pranks of this _Bishops_, this Deponent was ready to -testifie. He also testified, that he verily believed, the said _Bishop_ -was the Instrument of his Daughter _Priscilla's_ death; of which -suspicion, pregnant reasons were assigned. - -12. To crown all _John Bly_ and _William Bly_ testified, that being -employ'd by _Bridget Bishop_, to help take down the Cellar-wall of the -old House, wherein she formerly lived, they did in holes of the said -old Wall, find several Poppets made up of Rags, and Hogs Bristles, with -headless Pins in them, the points being outward. Whereof she could now -give no Account unto the Court, that was reasonable or tolerable.[81] - -13. One thing that made against the Prisoner was, her being evidently -convicted of Gross lying in the Court, several times, while she -was making her Plea. But besides this, a Jury of Women, found a -preternatural Tet upon her Body; but upon a second search, within three -or four hours, there was no such thing to be seen. There was also an -Account of other People whom this Woman had Afflicted. And there might -have been many more, if they had been enquired for. But there was no -need of them.[82] - -14. There was one very strange thing more, with which the Court was -newly entertained. As this Woman was under a guard, passing by the -great and spacious Meeting House of _Salem_, she gave a look towards -the House; and immediately a _Dæmon_ invisibly entring the Meeting -House, Tore down a part of it; so that tho there were no person to be -seen there, yet the People at the Noise running in, found a board which -was strongly fastened with several Nails, transported unto another -quarter of the House.[83] - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[67] There are four Indictments recorded. The Witnesses to the first -correspond with the Records. Those to the second differ by the Omission -of "John Bligh, and Rebeckah, his Wife; Samuell Shattuck, and Sarah, -his Wife; William Bligh, William Stacey; John Loader." - -[68] These correspond with the Original, with some very slight -Difference in the Orthography; and so of those to the fourth Indictment. - -[69] It will be seen that much the same Set of Witnesses figure in most -of the Cases; and it is surprising that such _stereotype_ Testimony -should have been so long imposed upon the Judges. - -[70] The Answers of Bridget at her Examination were Common-sense-like, -and carried with them such honest Simplicity, that it is Matter of -Astonishment the Judges could not distinguish between the most puerile -Absurdities and Truth. It appears that she had had a Husband, named -Oliver; hence she is often called Bridget Bishop, alias Oliver. During -her Examination, the Afflicted apparently suffered excessive Torture. -One "Sam. Gold" afterwards asked her if she was not troubled to see -them so tormented. He reported that her Answer was "No. She was not -troubled for them." This was viewed as strong Evidence against her. - -[71] Among all the hard swearing, that of "Sus. Sheldon" was perhaps -equal to any. She was about 18 Years old. At one Time, June 2d, 1692, -she saw the "Apperishtion" of Bridget Bishop, and immediately came two -little Children, Twins, which told her (Bridget) to her Face that she -had murdered them by setting them into Fits, whereof they dyed. One -John Cooke, aged 18, swore about an Apple which jumped out of his Hand. -John _Blye_ and his Wife, about a Sow of theirs being bewitched, and -they "Judged Bishop bewitched said Sow." Elizabeth Balch of Beverly, -aged about 38, Wife of Benj. B. Juʳ, "being at Salem ye very Day that -Capt George Corwin was buried, and in ye Euening of said Day coming -from sd. Salem vnto sd. Beuerly, on Horseback, with her Sister, then -known by the Name of Abigail Woodburie, now Abigail Waldron lieuing in -Wenham, Wife vnto Nathaniell Waldron, riding behinde her; and were come -so far as Crane Riuer Common soe called, Edward Bishop and his Wife -ouertook vs (on horseback) who are both now in Prison vnder Suspition -of Witchcraft." Bridget complained of her Husband for riding into the -Water, and of riding too fast. Whereupon an Altercation arose, and -hard Words were bandied between them. "And then sd. Bishop directed -his Speech vnto vs as we rode along, and sd. that she had been a bad -Wife vnto him euer since they were marryed, and reckoned vp many of -her Miscarriages towards him; but now of late she was worse than euer -before (and that the she Devill did come bodyly vnto her, and that she -was familiar with the Deuil, and that she sate vp all ye Night long -with ye Deuill) or Words to that Purpose. Said Bishop's Wife made very -little Reply."--_Records S. W._, i, 167-8. - -[72] "Sus. Sheldon," in additional Testimony said, that "on the fourth -Day, at Night, came Goody Olliuer, Mrs. English, Goodman Corie, and -a black Man with a hi crowned hatt, with Books in their Hands. Goody -Olliuer bid me touch her Book. I would not;" told me she had been a -Witch twenty Years. "Then there came a streacked Snake, creeping ouer -her Shoulder, and creep into her Bosom. Mrs. English had a Yello Bird -in her Bosom, and Goodman Corie had two Turcles hang to his Coat, and -he opened his Bosom and put his Turcles to his Brest and gave them -suck. Then Goodm. Core and Goody Oliuer kneeled downe before the Black -Man and went to prayer. The Black Man told me Goody Olliver had been -a Witch 20 years and an half. Then they all set to biting mee, and so -went away. Goodwife Core told me she lived in [B]osston Prison. Then -she pulled out her brest and the Black Man gave her a thing like a -blake Pig. It had no Hairs on it. Shee put it to her brest and gave it -suck. Goody Olliver told mee shee had killed four Women. Two of them -were the Fosters Wifes and John Traskes Wife, and did not name the -other. Then they did all bite mee."--_Records S. W._ ii, 169-170. Then -follows the "Death Warrant" of Bridget Bishop, dated at Boston, June -the 8th, 1692, signed by Lieutenant Governour Stoughton. - -[73] Her Testimony, as recorded, may be read in the Records as above -cited, i, 148-9. It is a Tissue of Contradictory Nonsense; and if at -all relied upon would excite no Wonder, in view of what had gone before. - -[74] John Cooke was a young Man of some 18 years of Age. It should be -remembered that these accounts of Evidence are Dr. Mather's Version. He -has omitted the most important Item in Cook's Testimony. He swore, that -after Goodwife Bishop had struck him on the side of the Head, he saw -her go out under the end Window at a little Crevice about as large as -one could thrust his hand into. See _Records S. W._ i, 165. - -[75] Gray gave his age as about 42 Years. His Testimony is pretty fully -and fairly given above. See _Records_, _Ibid_, 152-3. He is noticed in -Savage's _Dictionary_, ii, 299. - -[76] This Testimony was given June 2d, 1692. The Blighs gave other -Testimony, also, on the same Day. John _Blye_, Senior, aged about 57, -and William Blye, aged about 15 Years. These testified concerning the -finding of _Poppitts_, as given in Volume i, Page 173-4. - -[77] Coman gave his Age as about 32 years. His Nightmare Story is here -a good deal abridged. The curious Reader must go to the Records, _as -published by_ Woodward, Vol. i, 163-4. - -[78] Shattuck's Testimony occupies three and an half of Mr. Woodward's -quarto Pages. His Age was 41. A part of his Story reminds one of the -Man who appeared among his friends with an awfully bruised Face. On -being asked how it happened, replied that the Stones in the Road -flew up and struck him as he was walking along. Poor Shattuck was -unquestionably injured in the same way. - -[79] John Louder gave his Age "about thirty two." He said he lived -with Mr. John Gedney in Salem about seven or eight Years since. He was -doubtless afflicted by the same Agents as Samuel Shattuck was, and saw -quite as much if not hurt as much. A black Pig seemed determined to -keep him Company; but there were some other Things equally nondescript. -See _Records_, i, 160-1. - -[80] _Stacy_ was of Salem, aged thirty six, or thereabouts. He goes -back fourteen Years, which was the time of the Money Transaction. -So that Dr. Mather's version of the Affair, as though it had just -happened, is not a fair one. Stacy was often in the same Predicament -of Shattuck and Louder, only Stone Fences, Stumps and other odd things -knocked him about in a manner, which if it surprised the Magistrates, -it probably surprised nobody who might be better acquainted with him. -See _Wonders_, Vol. i, 172. - -[81] This Evidence has been referred to in a previous Note. - -[82] It was no difficult matter, during a long and tedious Examination, -so to bewilder and confound Persons of firmer nerves than an aged -Matron, and thus make them contradict themselves, not knowing what to -say and hardly what was said to them. Respecting the Jury of Women, who -searched her, the Reader may consult the Records, if his Patience is -equal to his Curiosity. - -[83] It would be much more satisfactory if the matter of the Dæmon had -been well attested. If a Noise, and the Transportation of _that Board_ -is all the Evidence that could be adduced that the Devil was at work -there, it can hardly be said to amount to much. Besides, if the Devil -had had any ill will towards the Meeting House, he could easily have -set fire to it. His Enmity to M. Houses is generally admitted. - - -[Susanna Martin's _Indictment_.] - - _The Indictment of_ Susanna Martin. - -[Essex ss.] _Anno Regni Regis & Reginæ Willielmi & Mariæ, nunc Angliæ, -&c. quarto._-- - -THE Jurors for our Soveraign Lord and Lady the King and Queen, present, -That _Susanna Martin_ of _Amesbury_ in the County of _Essex_, Widow, -The second Day of _May_, in the fourth Year of the Reign of our -Soveraign Lord and Lady _William_ and _Mary_, by the Grace of God, -of _England_, _Scotland_, _France_ and _Ireland_, King and Queen, -Defenders of the faith, _&c._ And divers other days and times, as -well before as after, certain detestable Arts, called Witchcrafts, -and Sorceries, Wickedly and Felloniously hath used, practised, and -exercised, at and within the Township of _Salem_, in the County of -_Essex_ aforesaid, in, upon, and against one _Mary Wolcott_ of -_Salem_-Village, in the County of _Essex_, Single-Woman, by which said -wicked Arts the said _Mary Wolcott_, the Second Day [126] of _May_, -in the fourth Year aforesaid, and at divers other days and times, as -well before as after, was and is Tortured, Afflicted, Pined, Consumed, -Wasted and Tormented; as also for sundry other Acts of Witchcraft, by -said _Susanna Martin_, committed and done before and since that time, -against the Peace of our Soveraign Lord and Lady, _William_ and _Mary_, -King and Queen of _England_; Their Crown and Dignity, and against the -Form of the Statute, in that Case made and provided. - - Return'd by the Grand-Jury, _Billa Vera_. - -Witnesses--_Sarah Vibber, Mary Wolcott_, Mr. _Samuel Parris, Elizabeth -Hubbard, Mercy Lewis_. - - -The Second Indictment[84] was for afflicting _Mercy Lewis_. -Witnesses--_Samuel Parris, Ann Putnam, Sarah Vibber, Elizabeth Hubbard, -Mary Wolcott, Mercy Lewis_. - - -[Susanna Martin's _Tryal_.] - - The Trial of _Susanna Martin, June_ 29, 1692. As is Printed, in - _Wonders of the Invisible World_, from p. 114 to p. 116. - -1. S_USANNA Martin_, pleading not Guilty, to the Indictment of -Witchcrafts brought in against her; there were produced the Evidences -of many persons very sensibly and grievously bewitched; who all -complained of the Prisoner at the Bar, as the person whom they believed -the cause of their Miseries. And now as well as in the other Trials, -there was an extraordinary endeavour by Witchcrafts, with cruel and -frequent Fits, to hinder the poor Sufferers, from giving in their -Complaints; which the Court was forced with much patience to obtain, by -much waiting and watching for it. - -There was now also an Account given, of what had passed at her first -Examination before the Magistrates. The cast of her Eye then striking -the Afflicted People to the Ground, whether they saw that cast or no: -There were these among other Passages between the Magistrates and the -Examinate. - -_Magistrate._ Pray, what ails these People? - -_Martin._ I don't know. - -_Magist._ But, What do you think ails them? - -_Martin._ I don't desire to spend my Judgment upon it. - -_Magist._ Don't you think they are bewitched? - -_Martin._ No, I do not think they are. - -_Magist._ Tell us your thoughts about them then. - -_Martin._ No, my thoughts are my own when they are in, but when they -are out, they are anothers. Their Master-- - -_Magist._ Their Master; Who do you think is their Master? - -_Martin._ If they be dealing in the black Art, you may know as well as -I. - -[127] _Magist._ Well, what have you done towards this? - -_Martin._ Nothing at all. - -_Magist._ Why, 'tis you or your appearance. - -_Martin._ I can't help it. - -_Magist._ Is it not your Master? How comes your appearance to hurt -these? - -_Martin._ How do I know? He that appeared in the shape of _Samuel_, a -Glorified Saint may appear in any ones shape. - -It was then also noted in her, as in others like her, that if the -Afflicted went to approach her, they were flung down to the ground. -And, when she was asked the reason of it, she said, I cannot tell, it -may be, the Devil bears me more Malice than another.-- - -The Court accounted themselves Alarm'd by these things, to inquire -further into the Conversation of the Prisoner; and see what there -might occur, to render these Accusations further credible.⒜ Whereupon -_John Allen_, of _Salisbury_ testified, that he refusing, because of -the weakness of his Oxen, to Cart some Staves at the request of this -_Martin_, she was displeased at it, and said, _It had been as good -that he had; for his Oxen should never do him much more service_. -Whereupon this Deponent said, _Dost thou threaten me, thou old Witch? -I'll throw thee into the Brook_: which to avoid, she flew over the -Bridge and escaped. But as he was going home, one of his Oxen tired, so -that he was forced to unyoke him, that he might get him home. He then -put his Oxen with many more, upon _Salisbury-Beach_, where Cattle did -use to get Flesh. In a few Days, all the Oxen upon the _Beach_ were -found by their Tracks, to have run unto the mouth of _Merrimack-River_ -and not returned; but the next day they were found come ashore upon -_Plum-Island_. They that sought them, used all imaginable gentleness, -but they would still run away with a violence, that seemed wholly -Diabolical, till they came near the mouth of _Merrimack-River_; when -they ran right into the Sea, swimming as far as they could be seen. -One of them then swam back again, with a swiftness amazing to the -beholders, who stood ready to receive them, and help up his tired -Carcass: but the Beast ran furiously up into the Island, and from -thence thorough the Marishes, up into _Newbury_ Town, and so up into -the Woods; and there after a while found near _Amesbury_. So that of -Fourteen good Oxen, there was only this saved: the rest were all cast -up, some in one place, and some in another, Drowned.[85] - -⒜: The Above is but a very small Part of the Examination, as appears by -the Records. See _Wonders of the Invisible World_, Vol. I, P. 175. - -4. _John Atkinson_ testified, that he exchanged a Cow, with a Son -of _Susanna Martins_, whereat she muttered, and was unwilling he -should have it. Going to receive this Cow, tho he Hamstring'd her, -and halter'd her, she of a tame Creature grew so mad, that they could -scarce get her along. She broke all the Ropes that were fastened unto -her, and tho she was tied [128] fast unto a Tree, yet she made her -escape, and gave them such further trouble, as they could ascribe to no -cause but Witchcraft.[86] - -5. _Bernard Peache_ testified that being in Bed, on a Lords Day Night, -he heard a scrabbling at the Window, whereat he then saw _Susanna -Martin_ come in, and jump down upon the floor. She took hold of this -Deponents Feet, and drawing his body up into an heap, she lay upon him -near two hours; in all which time he could neither speak nor stir. -At length when he could begin to move he laid hold on her hand, and -pulling it up to his mouth, he bit three of her Fingers as he judged -to the Bone. Whereupon she went from the Chamber down the Stairs, out -at the door. This Deponent thereupon called unto the people of the -House to advise them of what passed; and he himself did follow her. The -People saw her not; but there being a Bucket at the Left hand of the -door, there was a drop of Blood on it; and several more drops of Blood -upon the Snow, newly fallen abroad. There was likewise the print of her -two Feet, just without the Threshold; but no more sign of any footing -further off.[87] - -At another time this Deponent was desired by the Prisoner, to come unto -a husking of Corn, at her House; and she said, _If he did not come, -it were better that he did_! He went not; but the night following, -_Susanna Martin_, as he judged, and another came towards him. One of -them said, _here he is_! but he, having a Quarterstaff, made a blow at -them. The Roof of the Barn broke his blow; but following them to the -Window, he made another blow at them, and struck them down; yet they -got up, and got out, and he saw no more of them. - -About this time, there was a Rumour about the Town, that _Martin_ had a -broken head; but the Deponent could say nothing to that. - -The said _Peache_ also testified, the bewitching of Cattle to Death, -upon_ Martin's_ discontents. - -6. _Robert Downer_ testified, that this Prisoner being some years ago -prosecuted at Court for a Witch, he then said unto her, _He believed -she was a Witch_. Whereat she being disatisfied, said, _That some she -Devil would shortly fetch him away_; which words were heard by others, -as well as himself; the night following, as he lay in his Bed, there -came in at the Window, the likeness of a Cat, which flew upon him, and -took fast hold of his Throat, lay on him a considerable while, and -almost killed him; at length he remembered what _Susanna Martin_ had -threatened the Day before, and with much striving, he cried out, _Avoid -thou the Devil, In the name of God the Father, the Son, and the Holy -Ghost, avoid_: Whereupon it left him, leaped on the Floor, and flew out -at the Window. - -And there also came in several Testimonies that before ever _Downer_ -spoke a word of this Accident, _Susanna Martin_ and her Family had -related how this _Downer_ had been handled.[88] - -[129] 7. _John Kembal_ testified, that _Susanna Martin_, upon a -causeless disgust had threatned him about a certain Cow of his, that -she should never do him any more good, and it came to pass accordingly; -for soon after the Cow was found stark dead on the dry ground, without -any Distemper to be discerned upon her. Upon which he was followed -with a strange death upon more of his Cattle. Whereof he lost in -one Spring, to the value of 30_l._ But the said _John Kembal_, had -a further Testimony to give in against the Prisoner, which was truly -admirable. Being desirous to furnish himself with a Dog, he applied -himself to buy one of this _Martin_, who had a Bitch with Whelps in -her House, but she not letting him have his choice; he said, _He would -supply himself then at one_ Blezdels. Having mark'd a Puppy which he -liked at _Blezdels_, he met George Martin, the Husband of the Prisoner -going by, who asked whether he would not have one of his Wives Puppy's; -and he answered, No. The same Day one _Edmund Eliot_,[89] being at -_Martins_ House heard _George Martin_ relate where this _Kembal_ had -been, and what he had said; whereupon _Susanna Martin_ reply'd, _If -I live I'll give him Puppies enough_. Within a few days after this, -_Kembal_ coming out of the Woods, there arose a little black Cloud -in the _N. W._ and _Kembal_ immediately felt a force upon him, which -made him not able to avoid running upon the stumps of Trees that were -before him, albeit he had a broad plain cart way before him; but tho -he had his Axe also on his Shoulder to endanger him in his falls, he -could not forbear going out of his way to tumble over them. When he -came below the Meeting-House, there appeared unto him a little thing -like a Puppy of a darkish Colour, and it shot backwards and forwards -between his Legs. He had the Courage to use all possible endeavours -of cutting it with his Axe, but he could not hit it; the Puppy gave a -jump from him and went, as to him it seem'd into the Ground. Going a -little further there appeared unto him a black Puppy, somewhat bigger -than the First, but as black as a Coal. It's motions were quicker than -those of his Axe. It flew at his Belly, and away at his Throat, so -over his Shoulders one way, and then over his Shoulders another way, -his heart now began to fail him, and he thought the Dog would have -tore his Throat out. But he recovered himself, and called upon God in -his distress, and naming the name of Jesus Christ it vanished away at -once. The Deponent spoke not one word of these Accidents, for fear -of affrighting his Wife. But the next morning, _Edmund Eliot_ going -into _Martins_ house, this Woman asked him, where _Kembal_ was? He -replied, at home a Bed, for ought he knew. She returned; they say he -was frighted last night. _Eliot_ asked with what? She answered with -Puppies. _Eliot_ asked, where she heard of it, for he had heard nothing -of it! She rejoined, about the Town. Altho' _Kembal_ had mentioned the -matter to no creature living.[90] - -[130] 8. _William Brown_ testified, that Heaven having bless'd him -with a most Pious and Prudent Wife, this Wife of his, one day met with -_Susanna Martin_: but when she approached just unto her, _Martin_ -vanished out of sight, and left her extreamly affrighted. After which -time the said _Martin_ often appeared unto her, giving her no little -trouble; and when she did come, she was visited with Birds that sorely -peck'd and prick'd her; and sometimes a bunch like a Pullets Egg would -rise on her Throat, ready to choak her, till she cry'd out, _Witch, -you shan't choak me!_ While this good Woman was in this Extremity, the -Church appointed a Day of Prayer on her behalf; whereupon the trouble -ceas'd; she saw not _Martin_ as formerly; and the Church instead of -their Fast, gave thanks for her deliverance. But a considerable while -after, she being summoned to give in some Evidence at the Court, -against this _Martin_, quickly this _Martin_ came behind her, while -she was Milking her Cow, and said unto her, _For thy defaming me at -Court, I'll make thee the miserablest Creature in the World._ Soon -after which she fell into a strange kind of Distemper, and became -horribly Frantick, and uncapable of any Reasonable Action, the -Physicians declaring, that her Distemper was preternatural, and that -some Devil had certainly bewitched her; and in that condition she now -remained.[91] - -9. _Sarah Atkinson_ testified, that _Susanna Martin_ came from -_Amesbury_, to their House at _Newbury_, in an extraordinary Season, -when it was not fit for any one to Travel. She came (as she said unto -_Atkinson_) all that long way on foot. She bragg'd and show'd how dry -she was; nor could it be perceived that so much as the Soles of her -Shoes were wet. _Atkinson_ was amazed at it, and professed, that she -should herself have been wet up to the Knees, if she had then come so -far; but _Martin_ reply'd, _She scorned to be drabbled!_ It was noted -that this Testimony upon her Tryal, cast her into a very singular -confusion.[92] - -10. _John Pressy_ testified, that being one Evening very unaccountably -bewildred near a Field of _Martin_, and several times as one under an -Enchantment, returning to the place he had left, at length he saw a -Marvellous light, about the bigness of an half Bushel, near two Rood -out of the way. He went and struck at it with a Stick, and laid it on -with all his might. He gave it near Forty blows; and felt it a palpable -substance. But going from it, his heels were struck up, and he was -laid with his back on the ground; sliding as he thought into a Pit: -from whence he recovered, by taking hold on the Bush; altho afterwards -he could find no such Pit in the place. Having after his recovery, -gone five or six Rood, he saw _Susanna Martin_ standing on his Left -hand, as the Light had done before; but they changed no words with one -another. He could scarce find his House in his return; but at length he -got home, extreamly af[131]frighted. The next Day it was upon enquiry -understood, that _Martin_ was in a miserable condition by pains and -hurts that were upon her. - -It was further testified by this Deponent, that after he had given -in some Evidence against _Susanna Martin_ many Years ago, she gave -him foul words about it, and said, _He should never prosper, more -particularly, that he should never have more than two Cows: that tho he -were never so likely to have more, yet he should never have them._ And -that from that very day to this; namely for Twenty Years together, he -could never exceed that number; but some strange thing or other still -prevented his having of any more.[93] - -11. _Jarvis Ring_ testified that about Seven Years ago he was -oftentimes grievously oppressed in the Night; but saw not who troubled -him, until at last he lying perfectly awake, plainly saw _Susanna -Martin_ approach him. She came to him and forcibly bit him by the -Finger; so that the print of the bite is now so long after to be seen -upon him. - -12. But besides all these Evidences, there was a most wonderful Account -of one _Joseph Ring_ produced on this occasion. This Man has been -strangely carried about by _Dæmons_. From one Witch-meeting to another, -for near two Years together; and for one quarter of this time they made -him and kept him Dumb, though he is now again able to speak. There -was one _T. H._[94] who having, as 'tis judged, a design of Engaging -this _Joseph Ring_ in a snare of Devilism, contrived a while, to bring -this _Ring_ two Shillings in Debt unto him. Afterwards this poor Man -would be visited with unknown shapes, and this _T. H._ sometimes among -them; which would force him away with them, unto unknown places, where -he saw Meetings, Feastings, Dancings; and after his return wherein -they hurried him along thro the Air, he gave demonstrations to the -Neighbours, that he had indeed been so transported. When he was brought -unto these hellish meetings, one of the first things they still did -unto him, was to give him a knock on the back, whereupon he was ever -as if bound with Chains, uncapable of stirring out of the place, till -they should release him. He related, that there often came to him a -Man, who presented him a Book, whereto he would have him set his hand; -promising to him that he should then have even what he would; and -presenting him with all the delectable things, persons, and places, -that he could imagine. But he refusing to subscribe, the business would -end with dreadful shapes, noises and screeches, which almost scared him -out of his wits. Once with a Book, there was a Pen offer'd him, and -an Inkhorn, with liquor in it, that seem'd like Blood: but he never -touched it.[95] - -This Man did now affirm, that he saw the Prisoner at several of those -hellish Randezvouzes. - -[132] _Note_--This Woman was one of the most Impudent, Scurrilous, -wicked Creature in the World; and she did now throughout her whole -Tryal, discover herself to be such an one. Yet when she was asked what -she had to say for herself, her chief plea was, that she had led a most -vertuous and holy life. - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[84] This second Indictment is given in full in the Records, for which -see _Records of Salem Witchcraft_, Vol. i, 195-6. - -[85] Lieut. John Allen was of Salisbury; and his Age 45. The Accused -troubled him at some previous Period, but the Time he does not state. - -[86] The Witness, John Atkinson, was aged about 56 Years. His Evidence -related to Matters of some five Years past. See _Wonders of Invisible -World_, Vol. I, Page 178. - -[87] Peache's Evidence was of Troubles of about ten Years before. He -said his Age was about 42; and at the Time of the Witchcraft complained -of, he lived with William Osgood, of Salisbury. - -[88] Downer's Age was 52, and he belonged to Salisbury. What he swore -to was of Events which happened "several Years ago." - -[89] Three Persons of the Name of _Elliot_ are implicated in the -Witch Court Proceedings--Andrew, Daniel, and this Edmund, who was of -Amesbury. The Boston _Eliots_ were of this Lineage. - -[90] John Kimball was of Amesbury, and was "aged 45 or vpward." His -swearing was to Occurrencies of twenty-three Years standing; that about -that Time he removed from Newbury to Amesbury, having bought a Piece -of Land of Geo. Martin. The Testimony of Kimball occupies three and an -half Pages of the _Records_, i, 218-21. He probably married Mary Hobbs, -in Newbury. - -[91] This Testimony was by William Browne, of Amesbury, whose Age was -70 Years, or "ther about." What he swore to happened, he said "about -on or to and thirty Years ago." The Trouble seems to have been between -Mrs. Martin, and Browne's Wife, who was afflicted with hysteric Fits: -insomuch that she was insane. He had applied to Doctors Fuller and -Crosby, but they said her Complaint was supernatural, and that some -evil Person had bewitched her. When in this State she would not own him -for her Husband, and "asked him whether he did not mett with one Mr. -Bent of Abey in England by whom he was divorced."--_Records S. W._, i, -206-8. - -[92] Sarah Atkinson was probably the Wife of John Atkinson, mentioned -at Note 86. The "singular Confusion" appears to have been gratuitously -thrown in by Dr. Mather. It is not in the Record. Her Age is given as -48 Years, or thereabouts. - -[93] John Pressy, aged 53, and "Marah his Wif aged 46 or ther abouts." -It comes out in this Evidence, but is not mentioned by Mather, that at -some 20 Years previous, this John Pressy and Wife had testified against -Mrs. Martin, and that she had accused them of taking a false Oath. Such -was the Origin of much of the Testimony. - -[94] Thomas Hardy of Great Island, at Pascatequay. Why Mather conceals -his Name, except by the Initials, is not known. - -[95] Jarvis Ring's Case could have been nothing but one of Nightmare. -Joseph Ring, brother of Jarvis, was 27 years of Age. They belonged to -Salisbury. His Evidence compares very well with that of the Girls and -other Miscreants, foregone. The Testimonies of the Amesbury Accusers -were taken before "Robert Pike, _Assist._" - - -[_Indictment_ of Elizabeth How.] - - The Indictment of _Elizabeth How_. - -[_Essex_ ss.] _Anno Regni Regis & Reginæ Williemi & Mariæ, nunc Angliæ, -&c. quarto._-- - -THE Jurors for our Soveraign Lord and Lady, the King and Queen present, -That _Elizabeth How_, Wife of _James How_ of _Ipswich_, the Thirty -first Day of _May_, in the Fourth Year of the Reign of our Soveraign -Lord and Lady, _William_ and _Mary_, by the Grace of God, of _England_, -_Scotland_, _France_, and _Ireland_, King and Queen, Defenders of the -Faith, _&c._ and divers other days and times, as well before as after, -certain detestable Arts, called Witchcrafts and Sorceries, wickedly -and Felloniously hath used, practiced, and exercised at, and within -the Township of _Salem_, in the County of _Essex_ aforesaid, in, upon, -and against one _Mary Wolcott_, of _Salem_-Village, in the County -aforesaid, single Woman; by which said wicked Arts, the said _Mary -Wolcott_, the said Thirty first Day of _May_, in the Fourth Year as -abovesaid, and divers other days and times, as well before as after, -was and is Tortured, Afflicted, Pined, Consumed, Wasted and Tormented; -and also for sundry other Acts of Witchcrafts, by said _Elizabeth How_; -committed and done before and since that time, against the Peace of our -Sovereign Lord and Lady, the King and Queen, and against the form of -the Statue, in that case made and provided. - -Witnesses--_Mary Wolcott_, _Ann Putnam_, _Abigail Williams_, _Samuel -Pearly_, and his Wife _Ruth_, _Joseph Andrews_, and Wife _Sarah_, _John -Sherrin_, _Joseph Safford_, _Francis Lane_, _Lydia Foster_, _Isaac -Cummins_, Junior. - - -There was also a second Indictment for afflicting of _Mercy Lewis_. - -Witnesses--_Mercy Lewis_, _Mary Wolcott_, _Abigail Williams_, _Ann -Putnam_, _Samuel Pearly_ and Wife, _Joseph Andrews_ and Wife, _John -Sherrin_, _Joseph Safford_, _Francis Lane_, _Lydia Foster_. - - -[Elizabeth How's _Tryal_.] - - [133] The Tryal of _Elizabeth How_,[96] _June_ 30, 1692. As is - Printed In _Wonders of the Invisible World_, from P. 126 to P. - 132, inclusively. - -1. E_LIZABETH How_, pleading, not Guilty to the Indictment of -Witchcrafts, then charged upon her; the Court, according to the usual -proceeding of the Courts in _England_; in such Cases, began with -hearing the Deposition of several Afflicted People, who were grievously -tormented by sensible and evident Witchcrafts, and all complained of -the Prisoner, as the cause of their trouble. It was also found that -the Suffers were not able to bear her look, as likewise, that in their -greatest swoons, they distinguished her touch from other Peoples, being -thereby raised out of them. - -And there was other Testimony of People to whom the shape of this -_How_, gave trouble Nine or Ten Years ago.[97] - -2. It has been a most usual thing for the bewitched persons at the -same time that the Spectres representing the Witches, Troubled them -to be visited with Apparitions of Ghosts, pretending to have been -murdered by the Witches then represented. And sometimes the confessions -of the Witches afterwards acknowledged those very Murders, which -these Apparitions charged upon them; altho they had never heard what -Information had been given by the Sufferers. - -There was such Apparitions of Ghosts testified by some of the present -Sufferers, and the Ghosts affirmed that this _How_ had murdered them: -which things were fear'd, but not proved.[98] - -3. This _How_ had made some attempts of Joining to the Church at -_Ipswich_, several Years ago; but she was denied an Admission into that -holy Society, partly thro a suspicion of Witchcraft, then urged against -her. And there now came in Testimony of preternatural Mischiefs, -presently befalling some that had been Instrumental to debar her from -the Communion whereupon she was intruding.[99] - -4. There was a particular Deposition of _Joseph Safford_, that his -Wife had conceived an extream Aversion, to this _How_, on the reports -of her Witchcrafts; but _How_ one day taking her by the hand, and -saying, _I believe you are not Ignorant of the great scandal, that -I lye under, by an Evil report raised upon me_. She immediately, -unreasonably, and unperswadeably, even like one Inchanted, began to -take this Womans part. _How_ being soon after propounded, as desiring -an Admission to the Table of the Lord, some of the Pious Brethren were -unsatisfied about her. The Elders appointed a meeting to hear matters -objected against her; and no arguments in the World could hinder this -Goodwife _Safford_ from going to the Lecture. She did indeed promise -with much ado that she would not go to the Church-meeting; yet she -could not refrain going thither also. [134] _How_'s affairs there -were so canvassed, that she came off rather Guilty, than cleared; -nevertheless Goodwife _Safford_ could not forbear taking her by the -Hand, and saying, _Tho you are condemned before Men, you are justified -before God_. She was quickly taken in a very strange manner; Frantick, -Raving, Raging, and crying out, _Goody_ How _must come into the Church; -she is a precious Saint, and tho' she be condemned before Men, she -is justified before God_. So she continued for the space of two or -three hours; and then fell into a Trance. But coming to herself, she -cried out, _Ha! I was mistaken!_ afterwards again repeated, _Ha! I -was mistaken!_ being asked by a stander by, Wherein? she replied, _I -thought Goody_ How _had been a precious Saint of God, but now I see she -is a Witch: she has bewitched me and my Child, and we shall never be -well, till there be Testimony for her, that she may be taken into the -Church._[100] - -And _How_ said afterwards, _That she was very sorry to see_ Safford _at -the Church-meeting mentioned. Safford_ after this, _declared herself -to be Afflicted by the shape of_ How, _and from that shape she endured -many miseries._ - -5. _John How_, Brother to the Husband of the Prisoner testified that -he refusing to accompany the Prisoner unto her Examination as was by -her desired, immediately some of his Cattle, were bewitched to Death, -leaping Three or four Foot high, turning about, squeaking, falling and -dying at once; and going to cut off an Ear, for an use, that might as -well perhaps have been omitted, the Hand wherein he held his Knife was -taken very Numb; and so it remained, and full of pain for several Days; -being not well at this very time. And he suspected this Prisoner, for -the Author of it.[101] - -6. _Nehemiah Abbot_ testified, that unusual and mischievous accidents -would befall his Cattle, whenever he had any difference with this -Prisoner. Once particularly she wished his Ox choaked, and within -a little while, that Ox was choaked with a Turnip in his Throat. -At another time, refusing to lend his Horse, at the request of her -Daughter, the Horse was in a preternatural manner abused. And several -other odd things of that kind were testified.[102] - -7. There came in Testimony that one Goodwife _Sherwin_, upon some -difference with _How_ was bewitched, and, that she died, charging this -_How_ of having an hand in her Death. And that other People had their -Barrels of Drink unaccountably mischiev'd, spoiled, and spilt upon -their displeasing her.[103] - -The things in themselves were trivial; but there being such a course -of them, it made them the more to be considered. Among others, _Martha -Wood_ gave her testimony, that a little after, her Father had been -employed in gathering an account of this _How's_ Conversation, they -once and again lost great quantities of Drink, out of their Vessels, in -such a [135] manner, as they could ascribe to nothing but Witchcraft. -As also that _How_ giving her some Apples, when she had eaten of them, -she was taken with a very strange kind of a maze, insomuch that she -knew not what she said or did.[104] - -8. There was likewise a Cluster of Depositions, that one _Isaac -Cummings_, refusing to lend his Mare, unto the Husband of this _How_; -the Mare was within a Day or two taken in a strange condition. The -beast seemed much abused; being bruised, as if she had been running -over the Rocks, and marked where the Bridle went, as if burnt with a -red hot Bridle. Moreover one using a Pipe of Tobacco for the cure of -the Beast, a blew flame issued out of her, took hold of her hair, and -not only spread and burnt on her, but it also flew upwards towards the -Roof of the Barn, and had like to have set the Barn on fire. And the -Mare dy'd very suddenly.[105] - -9. _Timothy Perly_ and his Wife, testified, not only that unaccountable -Mischiefs befel their Cattle, upon their having of differences -with this Prisoner; but also that they had a Daughter destroyed by -Witchcrafts; which Daughter still charged _How_, as the cause of her -Affliction; and it was noted that she would be struck down, whenever -_How_ were spoken of. She was often endeavoured to be thrown into -the Fire, and into the Water, in her strange Fitts; tho her Father -had corrected, for charging _How_ with bewitching her, yet (as was -testified by others also) she said she was sure of it, and must dye -standing to it. Accordingly she charged _How_ to the very death; and -said, _Tho_ How _could Afflict and Torment her Body, yet she could not -hurt her Soul, and that the truth of this matter would appear when she -should be dead and gone_.[106] - -10. _Francis Lane_ testified, that being hired by the Husband of this -_How_ to get him a parcel of Posts and Rails, this _Lane_ hired _John -Pearly_ to assist him. This Prisoner then told _Lane_ that she believed -the Posts and Rails would not do, because _John Pearly_ helped him; but -that if he had got them alone without _John Pearly_'s help, they might -have done well enough. When _James How_ came to receive his Posts and -Rails of _Lane_, _How_ taking them up by the Ends, they, tho good and -sound yet unaccountably broke off, so that _Lane_ was forced to get -Thirty or Forty more. And this Prisoner being informed of it, she said, -_She told him so before: because_ Pearly _helped about them_.[107] - -11. Afterwards there came in the Confessions of several other -(penitent) Witches, which affirmed this _How_ to be one of those -who with them had been baptized by the Devil in the River, at -_Newberry-Falls_: before which he made them there kneel down by the -Brink of the River, and Worship him.[108] - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[96] The Indictment does not appear in the Records, probably for the -Reason that it had been given to or taken by Dr. Mather, and never -returned. Mrs. How was of Topsfield, Wife of James How of that Town. -Ephraim Wildes was the Constable who apprehended her. Her Examination -was on the 30th of May, 1692, occupies two Pages, and was taken down by -Mr. "Sam. Parris." - -[97] The Author has not taken up the respective Parties who gave -Evidence. Among others, no Notice is taken of that of two Ministers, -namely, Mr. Samuel Phillips and Mr. Edward Payson, both of Rowley. Mr. -Phillips gave his Age as about 67. Mr. _Paison_ did not state his. -Their Testimonies were passed over undoubtedly because they did not in -the least criminate Mrs. How; nor did they pretend that they had seen -any Thing like Witchcraft. - -[98] They were not only not proved, but there are no Testimonies -recorded containing these Ghost Stories. The following Witnesses are -not noticed by Dr. Mather, viz.: Samuel Perley, aged about 52, and his -Wife about 46. Deborah Hadley, aged about 70 Years; had lived near -Elizabeth How ("ye Wife of James How, Jr. of Ipswich 24 year.") She -gave her a good Character. Mrs. Hadley testified on the 24th of June. -The next Day Daniel Warner, Sen. gave in his Testimony. It was of the -same tenor of Mrs. Hadley's. John Warner, Senʳ. also signed the same -Evidence. They had been well acquainted with Mrs. How "aboue 20 yeers." -So Simon Chapman and his Wife testified. Simon gave his Age as about -48--"hath ben aquainted with the Wiuef of James How, iunʳ. as a Naybar -for this 9 or 10 Yers;" never knew any harm of her, and "found hur -joust in hur delling, faythfooll," &c. - -[99] Against such gratuitous, and to say the least, hearsay Testimony, -the Doctor should, in fairness, have noticed such Evidence as that -referred to in the last Note. A few others must not be overlooked. -Joseph Knowlton stated that he had been acquainted with Mrs. How, as -a Neighbor, and sometimes boarded in the House at his first coming to -live in these Parts, which was about ten Years ago. He and his Wife -Mary both gave her a good Character. His Age was "forty tu," and his -Wife's "thurty-tu." - -James How, Sen., aged about 94, testified that he had lived by -Elizabeth, the Wife of James How, Junʳ, for about thirty Years; and, -"setting a side humain Infurmity," she always behaved well, becoming -her Place as a Daughter and Wife in all Relations. - -Respecting the Church Difficulty, referred to in the Text, one Jacob -Foster, aged about 29, swore, that "some Years agoe," as Goodwife How -was about to join the Church, his Father was a Means of preventing it. -Whereupon his Mare was lost for several Days. When found she looked as -if she had been miserably beaten and abused. Sworn June 30th, 1692. -Thomas Andrews of Boxford, aged about 50, told a more ridiculous Story -about a Mare, belonging to Josiah Comings, Senʳ of Topsfield. - -[100] Joseph Safford gave his Age about 60. - -[101] John How gave his Age as about 50. The Doctor has made some -wretched Mistakes in his Abstract of this Testimony. It was his Sow -that "leaped up about three or foure foot hie," and fell down dead. The -_squeaking_ belonged to the Swine, and not to the Cattle. - -[102] I do not find any Note of Nehemiah Abbot's Evidence in the -Records. - -[103] This has reference, perhaps, to the Ghost Stories darkly hinted -at by the Dr. Mather in a previous Page. - -[104] I have not noticed Martha Wood's Evidence among the Records. The -"great Quantities of Drink" reported lost, was probably found by some -of the Witnesses already noticed. - -[105] Cummin's Testimony occupies above two solid Pages. His Age was -about sixty Years. His Christian Name was mistaken by Mather, being -Isaac instead of Josiah, as appears by the Records. - -[106] Timothy _Perley_ and his Wife Deborah testified, June 1st, 1692, -that he was about 39 Years of Age, and his Wife about 33. The Abstract -above is exceedingly defective. See the _Records_, ii, 73-4. - -[107] Francis Lane gave his Age as about 27, and said that the Time the -Witches afflicted the Rails was about "seauen" Years ago, and makes a -long Story out of it; but it is of a Piece with most of the Evidence. -Lane's Parentage has not been traced. - -[108] They affirmed that many of those wretched Souls had been Baptized -at Newberry Falls; and at several other Rivers and Ponds; and as to the -Manner of Administration, the Great Officer of _Hell_ took them up by -the Body, and putting their Heads into the Water, said over them, _Thou -art mine, and I have full Power over the_: And thereupon they engaged -and covenanted to renounce GOD, CHRIST, their _sacred Baptism_, and the -whole Way of _Gospel Salvation_; and to use their utmost Endeavours to -oppose the Kingdom of CHRIST, and to set up and _advocate_ the Kingdom -of _Satan_.--Lawson, _Second Edition_, 118. See, also, Vol. I, Page -102-3. - - -[Martha Carryer's _Indictment_.] - - [136] _The Indictment of_ Martha Carryer.[109] - -[Essex ss.] _Anno Regni Regis & Reginæ Wilielmi & Mariæ, nunc Angliæ, -&c. quarto._-- - -THE Jurors for our Soveraign Lord and Lady the King and Queen, present, -That _Martha Carryer_, Wife of _Thomas Carryer_ of _Andover_, in the -County of _Essex_, Husbandman, The Thirty first Day of _May_, in the -fourth Year of the Reign of our Soveraign Lord and Lady _William_ and -_Mary_, by the Grace of God, of _England_, _Scotland_, _France_ and -_Ireland_, King and Queen, Defenders of the Faith, _&c._ And divers -other days and times, as well before as after, certain detestable Arts, -called Witchcrafts, and Sorceries, Wickedly and Felloniously hath -used, practised, and exercised, at and within the Township of _Salem_, -in the County of _Essex_ aforesaid, in, upon, and against one _Mary -Wolcott_ of _Salem_-Village, Single Woman, in the County of _Essex_ -aforesaid; by which said wicked Arts the said _Mary Wolcott_, the -Thirty first Day of _May_, in the fourth Year aforesaid, and at divers -other days and times, as well before as after, was and is Tortured, -Afflicted, Pined, Consumed, Wasted and Tormented; against the Peace -of our Soveraign Lord and Lady, _William_ and _Mary_, King and Queen -of _England_; their Crown and Dignity, and against the Form of the -Statute, in that Case made and provided. - -Witnesses--_Mary Wolcott, Elizabeth Hubbard, Ann Putnam_. - - -There was also a Second Indictment for afflicting _Elizabeth Hubbard_, -by Witchcraft. Witnesses--_Elizabeth Hubbard_, _Mary Wolcott_, _Ann -Putnam_, _Mary Warrin_. - - -[Martha Carryer's _Tryal_.] - - The Trial of _Martha Carryer_, August 2, 1692. As may be seen in - _Wonders of the Invisible World_, from P. 132, to 138. - -1. M_Artha Carryer_ was indicted for the bewitching of certain persons -according to the form usual in such Cases: Pleading not Guilty to her -Indictment; there were first brought in a considerable number of the -Bewitched persons; who not only made the Court sensible of an horrid -Witchcraft committed upon them, but also deposed, That it was _Martha -Carryer_, or her shape, that grievously tormented them by biting, -pricking, pinching and choaking them. It was further deposed that while -this _Carryer_ was on her Examination before the Magistrates, the poor -People were so tortured, that every one expected their Death upon the -very spot; but that upon the binding of _Carryer_ they were eased. -[137] Moreover the looks of _Carryer_ then laid the Afflicted People -for dead, and her Touch, if her Eyes at the same time were off them, -raised them again. Which things were also now seen upon her Tryal. And -it was testified, that upon the mention of some having their Necks -twisted almost round by the shape of this _Carryer_, she replied, _Its -no matter, tho their Necks had been twisted quite off_.[110] - -2. Before the Tryal of this Prisoner, several of her own Children had -frankly and fully confessed not only that they were Witches themselves, -but that this their Mother had made them so. This confession they made -with great shows of Repentance, and with much Demonstration of Truth. -They related Place, Time, Occasion; they gave an Account of Journeys, -Meetings, and Mischiefs by them performed; and were very credible in -what they said. Nevertheless, this Evidence was not produced against -the Prisoner at the Bar, in as much as there was other Evidence enough -to proceed upon.[111] - -3. _Benj. Abbot_ gave in his Testimony, That last _March_ was a Twelve -month, this _Carryer_ was very angry with him, upon laying out some -Land near her Husbands. Her expressions in this Anger were, _That she -would stick as close to_ Abbot, _as the Bark stuck to the Tree; and -that he should repent of it afore seven Years came to an end, so as -Doctor_ Prescot _should never cure him_. These words were heard by -others, besides _Abbot_ himself, who also heard her say, _She would -hold his Nose as close to the Grind-stone as ever it was held since his -name was_ Abbot. Presently after this he was taken with a swelling in -his Foot, and then with a Pain in his Side, and exceedingly tormented. -It bred unto a Sore, which was lanced by Dr. _Prescot_, and several -Gallons of Corruption ran out of it. For six Weeks it continued very -bad; and then another Sore bred in his Groin, which was also lanced -by Dr. _Prescot_. Another Sore bred in his Groin which was likewise -Cut, and put him to very great misery. He was brought unto Death's -door, and so remained until _Carryer_ was taken and carried away by the -Constable. From which very day he began to mend, and so grew better -every day, and is well ever since.[112] - -_Sarah Abbot_ also his Wife testified, that her Husband was not -only all this while Afflicted in his Body; but also that strange, -extraordinary and unaccountable calamities befel his Cattle; their -Death being such as they could guess at no Natural Reason for.[113] - -4. _Allin Toothaker_ testified, that _Richard_ the Son of _Martha -Carryer_, having some difference with him, pull'd him down by the Hair -of the Head, when he rose again, he was going to strike at _Richard -Carryer_, but fell down flat on his back to the ground, and had not -power to stir Hand or foot, until he told _Carryer_ he yielded; and -then he saw the shape of _Martha Carryer_, go off his Breast. - -[138] This _Toothaker_ had received a wound in the Wars, and he -now testified, that _Martha Carryer_ told him, _He shall never be -cured_. Just afore the apprehending of _Carryer_, he could thrust a -Knitting-Needle into his wound four Inches deep, but presently after -her being seized, he was thoroughly healed. - -He further testified, that when _Carryer_ and he sometimes were at -variance, she would clap her Hands at him and say, _He should get -nothing by it_. Whereupon he several times lost his Cattle, by strange -Deaths, whereof no natural causes could be given.[114] - -5. _John Roger_ also testified, that upon the threatning words of this -malicious _Carryer_, his Cattle would be strangely bewitched; as was -more particularly then described.[115] - -6. _Samuel Preston_ testified, that about two Years ago, having -some difference with _Martha Carryer_, he lost a Cow in a strange, -preternatural, unusual manner; and about a Month after this, the said -_Carryer_, having again some difference with him, she told him, _He had -lately lost a Cow, and it should not be long before he lost another!_ -which accordingly came to pass; for he had a thriving and well kept -Cow, which without any known cause quickly fell down and died.[116] - -7. _Phebe Chandler_ testified, that about a Fortnight before the -Apprehension of _Martha Carryer_, on a Lords Day, while the Psalm was -singing in the Church, this _Carryer_ then took her by the Shoulder, -and shaking her, asked her, _Where she lived?_ she made her no Answer, -altho as _Carryer_, who lived next door to her Father's House, could -not in Reason but know who she was. Quickly after this, as she was at -several times crossing the Fields she heard a Voice that she took to -be _Martha Carryers_, and it seem'd as if it were over her head. The -Voice told her, _She should within two or three Days be Poison'd_: -Accordingly within such a little time, one half of her Right Hand -became greatly swollen and very painful; as also part of her Face; -whereof she can give no Account how it came. It continued very bad -for some days; and several times since she has had a great pain in -her Breast; and been so seized on her Legs that she has hardly been -able to go. She added that lately, going well to the House of God, -_Richard_ the Son of _Martha Carryer_, look'd very earnestly upon -her, and immediately her Hand which had formerly been Poisoned, as is -abovesaid, began to pain her greatly, and she had a strange burning -at her Stomach; but was then struck deaf, so that she could not hear -any of the Prayer, or Singing, till the two or three last words of the -Psalm.[117] - -8. One _Foster_, who confessed her own share in the Witchcraft, for -which the Prisoner stood Indicted, affirmed, that she had seen -the Prisoner at some of their Witch-meetings, and that it was this -_Carryer_, who perswaded her to be a Witch. She confessed that the -Devil carried them on [139] a Pole to a Witch-meeting, but the Pole -broke, and she hanging about _Carryer's_ Neck, they both fell down, and -she then received an hurt by the fall, whereof she was not at this very -time recovered.[118] - -9. One _Lacy_, who likewise confessed her share in this Witchcraft, -now testified that she and the Prisoner, were once bodily present, at -a Witch-meeting in _Salem_-Village, and that she knew the Prisoner to -be a Witch, and to have been at a Diabolical Sacrament, and that the -Prisoner was the undoing of her and her Children, by enticing them into -the Snare of the Devil.[119] - -10. Another _Lacy_, who also confessed her share in this Witchcraft, -now testified that the Prisoner was at the Witch meeting in -_Salem_-Village, where they had Bread and Wine administred unto them. - -11. In the time of this Prisoners Tryal, one _Susanna Shelden_[120] -in open Court, had her Hands unaccountably tied together, with a -Wheel-band, so fast, that without cutting, it could not be loosed. It -was done by a Spectre; and the Sufferer affirm'd, it was the Prisoners. - -_Memorandum._ This _Rampant Hag, Martha Carryer_, was the person of -whom the Confessions of the Witches and of her own Children, among the -rest, agreed, that the Devil had promised her, she should be Queen of -Hell.[121] - -Thus far the Account given in _Wonders of the Invisible World_; in -which setting aside such words as these, in the Tryal of _G. B._ viz. -[_They_ (i. e.) _the Witnesses were enough to fix the character of a -Witch upon him._] - -In the Tryal of _Bishop_, these words, [_but there was no need of -them_] i. e. of further Testimony. - -In the Tryal of _How_, where it is said, [and there came in Testimony -of preternatural Mischiefs, presently befalling some that had been -instrumental to debar her from the Communion, whereupon she was -_intruding_.] _Martin_ is call'd [one of the most impudent, scurrilous, -wicked Creatures in the World.] In his Account of _Martha Carryer_, he -is pleased to call her [a _Rampant Hag_,] &c. - -These Expressions as they manifest, that he wrote more like an Advocate -than an Historian; so also that those that were his Imployers were not -mistaken in their choice of him for that work, however he may have mist -it in other things. - -As in his owning (in the Tryal of _G. B._) That the _Testimony of the -bewitched, and confessors was not enough against the Accused_, for it -is known that not only in _New-England_, such Evidence has been taken -for sufficient, but also in _England_, as himself there owns, and will -also hold true of _Scotland_, &c. they having proceeded upon such -Evidence, to the taking away of the Lives of many, to assert that this -is not enough, is to tell the World that such Executions were but so -many Bloody Murders; which surely was not his intent to say.[122] - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[109] Complaint was made against Martha Carrier on the 28th of May, -by Joseph Houlton and John Wallcott, both of Salem. John Ballard, -Constable, arrested her. John _Bayley_, Assistant Constable of Andover, -summoned the Witnesses. See _Records S. W._ ii, 54, 55, &c. - -[110] Martha Carrier underwent the usual Examination, which occupies -two Pages, and the Original is in the Hand of Mr. Samuel Parris. The -above is but a very unsatisfactory Abridgement of it. - -[111] It appears from Lawson's Account that such Accusations were much -heeded. He says--"Several have confessed against their own Mothers, -that they were Instruments to bring them into the _Devil's Covenant_, -to the undoing of their Body and Soul. And some Girls of Eight or Nine -Years of Age did declare that after they were so betrayed by their -Mothers, to the Power of _Satan_, they saw the _Devil_ go in their _own -shapes_ to afflict others."--Page 118-19. - -[112] Benjamin Abbot was of Andover, and his Age was about 31. - -[113] Sarah Abbot gave her Age as about 32 Years. - -[114] Allen Toothaker was a young Man, aged about 22 Years. He may have -received his Wound when the Indians attacked Andover, as mentioned in -an earlier Note. - -[115] John _Rogers_ was of Billerica. He gave his Age as about 50. -His Testimony takes up a quarto Page in the Records. Three Years -later, viz., August 5th, 1695, he, with several others, was killed at -Billerica by the Indians. - -[116] Samuel Preston gave his Age as about 41 Years. He swore he "lost -a Cow in a strange Manner." That _strange Manner_, it is evident from -his Story, referred to the Way in which she was cast, and not being -able to free herself, died. The _preternatural_ and _unusual_ being -thrown in by the Doctor. - -[117] It is only necessary to state that Phebe Chandler was but about -12 Years old, as a Reason that no Notice should be taken of her -Evidence; and notwithstanding near two solid Pages of her Testimony are -in the Records. However, Bridget Chandler, her Mother, aged 40 Years, -corroborated the Daughter's Story. - -[118] This has reference to Ann Foster, of Salem Village. See _Records -S. W._, ii, 136-7. - -[119] Mary Lacy was Wife of Lawrence Lacy, of Andover, and Daughter of -Ann Foster. See _Ibid._, ii, 139-40. This "other Lacy" was also named -"Mary." _Ibid._, 142. - -[120] Susanna Sheldon was a ready Witness in a large Number of Cases, -as has already been noticed. - -[121] No Testimony appears to have been omitted that could be tortured -by any Construction against "this rampant Hag," by the Author, while -all that went to clear her was rejected. Fortunately the Case is -changed, and the whole is spread before disinterested Inquirers, -or enough upon which to form a correct Judgment. Mr. Francis Dane, -the second Minister of Andover, dared to give his Thoughts upon the -Witchcraft Cases. These he communicated to the Court, and the Scribe -recorded them among the Evidence. He said he had lived above forty -Years in Andover, and in his "healthfull Yeares had been frequent among -ye Inhabitants in their Habitations," and never heard of anything of -the Nature of Witchcraft until the Arrests the last Summer (1692). If -there were any Suspicions that Martha Carrier was a Witch, before she -was apprehended, he said he had never heard of it; and "as for any -other Persons, I had no Suspicion of them, and had Charity been put -on, the Diuel would not have had such an Advantage against us, and I -beleeve many innocent Persons have been accused." This Testimony of -an aged and worthy Gentleman (then 77), well acquainted with all the -Circumstances, and with the Accused, should accompany that against "the -rampant Hag." - -[122] This Passage caused Dr. Mather to utter some very wrathful -Expressions against the Author. He says, or rather, his Defenders -for him: "What was done in the dark Time of our Troubles from the -_Invisible World_, all honest Men believe, they did in Conscience of -the _Oath_ of God upon them, and they followed unto the best of their -Understanding, as we are informed, the Precedents of _England_ and -_Scotland_, and _other Nations_ on such a dark and doleful Occasion. -When they found the Matter carried beyond the Reach of Mortals, they -stopt."--_Some Few Remarks_, 6; _Magnalia_, B. ii, 64. - - -[_Law Enacted, &c._] - -[140] His telling that the Court began to think that _Burroughs_ stept -aside to put on Invisibility, is a rendring them so mean Philosophers, -and such weak Christians, as to be fit to be imposed upon by any silly -pretender. - -His calling the Evidence against _How_ trivial, and others against -_Burroughs_, he accounts no part of his Conviction; and that of lifting -a Gun with one Finger, its being not made use of as Evidence, renders -the whole but the more perplext. (Not to mention the many mistakes -therein contain'd.) - -Yet all this (and more that might have been hinted at) does not hinder, -but that his Account of the manner of Trials of those for Witchcraft -is as faithfully related as any Tryals of that kind, that was ever -yet made publick; and it may also be reasonably thought that there -was as careful a Scrutiny, and as unqestion'd Evidences improved, as -had been formerly used in the Tryals of others, for such crimes in -other places.[123] Tho indeed a second part might be very useful to -set forth which was the Evidence Convictive in these Tryals, for it -is not supposed, that Romantick or Ridiculous stories should have any -influence, such as biting a Spectres Finger so that the Blood flowed -out, or such as _Shattock's_ Story of 12 Years standing, which yet was -presently 18 Years or more, and yet a Man of that excellent Memory, -as to be able to recall a small difference his Wife had with another -Woman when Eighten Years were past. - -As it is not to be supposed that such as these could Influence any -Judge or Jury, so not unkindness to relations, or God's having given to -one Man more strength than to some others, the over-setting of Carts, -or the death of Cattle, nor yet Excrescencies (call'd Tets) nor little -bits of Rags tied together (call'd Poppets.) Much less any persons -illness, or having their Cloaths rent when a Spectre has been well -hanged, much less the burning the Mares Fart, mentioned in the Tryal of -_How_. - -None of these being in the least capable of proving the Indictment; The -supposed Criminals were Indicted for Afflicting, _&c._ such and such -particular persons by Witchcraft, to which none of these Evidences have -one word to say, and the Afflicted and Confessors being declared not -enough, the matter needs yet further explaining. - -But to proceed, the General Court having sat and enacted Laws, -particularly one against Witchcraft, assigning the Penalty of Death to -any that shall feed, reward or employ, _&c._ Evil Spirits, though it -has not yet been explained what is intended thereby, or what it is to -feed, reward or imploy Devils, _&c._ yet some of the Legislators have -given this instead of an Explanation, that they had therein but Copied -the Law of another Country.[124] - -[_against Witchcraft_] - -_January_ 3. By vertue of an Act of the General Court, the first -Superior Court was held at _Salem_, for the County of _Essex_, the -Judges appointed were Mr. _William Stoughton_ (the Lieutenant Governor) -_Thomas_ [141] _Danforth_, _John Richards_, _Wait Winthorp_, and -_Samuel Sewall_, Esquires. Where Ignoramus was found upon the several -Bills of Indictment against Thirty, and _Billa-Vera_ against Twenty -six more; of all these Three only were found Guilty by the Jewry upon -Trial, two of which were (as appears by their Behaviour) the most -senseless and Ignorant Creatures that could be found; besides which it -does not appear what came in against those more than against the rest -that were acquitted.[125] - -The Third was the Wife of _Wardwell_, who was one of the Twenty -Executed, and it seems they had both confessed themselves Guilty; -but he retracting his said Confession, was tried and Executed; it is -supposed that this Woman fearing her Husbands fate, was not so stiff -in her denials of her former Confession, such as it was. These Three -received Sentence of Death.[126] - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[123] See Volume I, Pages 35, 86. - -[124] What the Laws of England were on the Subject of Witchcraft -has been exhibited in the Introduction to the first Volume. Their -Abrogation by Parliament, through the exertions of Lord Talbot, took -place in 1736. See Douglass' _Summary_, i, 451. - -[125] I do not find the Court Proceedings at this Period. - -[126] The Indictments and Examination of Samuel Wardwell may be seen -in the Records, in the usual Form. He was of Andover, and is styled -Carpenter. His first Indictment was for afflicting one Martha Sprague -of Boxford, in August last (1692). The second charges, that "about -20 Yeares agoe, in the Towne of Andivor, he the said Samuel Wardell, -with the Evill Speritt the Devill [did felloniously make] a Couenant -wherein he promised to honor, worship and belieue the Devill Contrary -to the Stattute." His Examination was before John Higginson, Esq. on -Sept. 1st, 1692. He was then about 46 Years old. His strange Answers -clearly indicate a state of Insanity. Martha Sprague, aged 16, swore -to being bewitched by him. Ephraim Foster of Andover, aged about 34, -swore that he foretold Events by looking in people's Hands; "would cast -his Eyes down upon ye ground allways before he told enything." Thomas -Chandler, aged about 65, often heard said Wardwell tell young Persons -their Fortunes. Joseph Ballard, aged about 41, swore that his Brother -John Ballard told him that Samuel Wardwell told him, that he (Wardwell) -had bewitched his (Joseph Ballard's) Wife. Abigail Martin of Andover, -aged 16, said that some time last Winter S. Wardwell and John _Farnam_ -were at her Fathers. W. told F.'s Fortune. He also told Jeams Bridge's -Fortune. See _Records S. W._ ii, 146-153. - - -[Sara Dasston's _Tryal_.] - -At these Tryals some of the Jewry made Inquiry of the Court, what -Account they ought to make of the Spectre Evidence? and received for -Answer [as much as of Chips in Wort][127] - -_January_ 31, 169⅔. The Superior Court began at _Charlestown_, for the -County of _Middlesex_, Mr. _Stoughton_, M. _Danforth_, M. _Winthorp_, -and Mr. _Sewall_ Judges, where several had Ignoramus returned upon -their Bills of Indictment, and _Billa Vera_ upon others.[128] - -In the time the Court sat, word was brought in, that a Reprieve was -sent to _Salem_, and had prevented the Execution of Seven of those that -were there Condemned, which so moved the chief Judge, that he said -to this effect, _We were in a way to have cleared the Land of these, -&c. who it is obstructs the course of Justice I know not; the Lord -be merciful to the Countrey_, and so went off the Bench, and came no -more that Court:[129] The most remarkable of the Tryals, was of _Sarah -Daston_, she was a Woman of about 70 or 80 Years of Age, To usher in -her Tryal, a report went before, that if there were a Witch in the -World she was one, as having been so accounted of, for 20 or 30 Years; -which drew many People from _Boston, &c._ to hear her Tryal. There -were a multitude of Witnesses produced against her; but what Testimony -they gave in seemed wholly forreign, as of accidents, illness, &_c._ -befalling them, or theirs after some Quarrel; what these testified -was much of it of Actions said to be done 20 Years before that time. -The Spectre-Evidence was not made use of in these Tryals, so that the -Jewry soon brought her in not Guilty, her Daughter and Grand-daughter, -and the rest that were then tried, were also acquitted. After she was -cleared Judge _Danforth_ Admonished her in these words, _Woman, Woman, -repent, there are shrewd things come in against you_; she was remanded -to Prison for her Fees, and there in a short time expired.[130] One of -_Boston_ that had been at the Tryal of _Daston_, being the same Evening -in company with one of the Judges [142] in a publick place, acquainted -him that some that had been both at the Tryals at _Salem_ and at this -at _Charlestown_, had asserted that there was more Evidence against -the said _Daston_ than against any at Salem, to which the said Judge -conceeded, saying, _That it was so_. It was replied by that person, -_that he dare give it under his hand, that there was not enough come in -against her to bear a just reproof_. - -_April_ 25, 1693. The first Superior Court was held at _Boston_, for -the County of _Suffolk_, the Judges were the Lieutenant Governour, Mr. -_Danforth_, Mr. _Richards_, and Mr. _Sewall_, Esquires. - -[Mary Watkins's _Tryal_.] - -Where (besides the acquitting Mr. _John Aldin_ by Proclamation) the -most remarkable was, what related to _Mary Watkins_, who had been a -Servant, and lived about Seven Miles from _Boston_, having formerly -Accused her Mistress of Witchcraft, and was supposed to be distracted, -she was threatned if she persisted in such Accusations to be punished, -this with the necessary care to recover her Health, had that good -effect, that she not only had her Health restored, but also wholly -acquitted her Mistress of any such Crimes, and continued in Health till -the return of the Year, and then again falling into Melancholy humours -she was found strangling herself; her Life being hereby prolonged, -she immediately accused herself of being a Witch; was carried before -a Magistrate and committed. At this Court a Bill of Indictment was -brought to the Grand Jury against her, and her confession upon her -Examination given in as Evidence, but these not wholly satisfied -herewith, sent for her, who gave such account of herself, that they -(after they had returned into the Court to ask some Questions) Twelve -of them agreed to find Ignoramus, but the Court was pleased to send -them out again, who again at coming in returned it as before. - -She was continued for some time in Prison, _&c._ and at length was sold -to _Virginia_. About this time the Prisoners in all the Prisons were -released. - -To omit here the mentioning of several Wenches in _Boston, &c._ who -pretended to be Afflicted, and accused several, the Ministers often -visiting them, and praying with them, concerning whose Affliction -Narratives are in being. In Manuscript not only these, but the -generality of those Accusers may have since convinced the Ministers by -their vicious courses that they might err in extending too much Charity -to them. - -The conclusion of the whole in the _Massachusetts_ Colony was Sir -_William Phips_, Governour, being call'd home, before he went he -pardon'd such as had been condemned, for which they gave about 30 -Shillings each to the Kings Attorney.[131] - -[_Case of_ Mrs. Benom.] - -In _August_ 1697. The Superior Court sat at _Hartford_, in the Colony -of _Connecticut_, where one Mistress _Benom_ was tried for Witchcraft, -she [143] had been accused by some Children that pretented to the -Spectral sight; they searched her several times for Tets; they tried -the Experiment of casting her into the Water, and after this she -was Excommunicated by the Minister of _Wallinsford_. Upon her Tryal -nothing material appeared against her, save Spectre Evidence, she was -acquitted, as also her Daughter, a Girl of Twelve or Thirteen Years -old, who had been likewise Accused; but upon renewed Complaints against -them, they both flew into _New-York_ Government.[132] - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[127] _Q. D. of no Account whatever._ I do not find that the Expounders -of Proverbs have fallen upon this. - -[128] One of the Original _Billa veras_ is now before me, and runs -thus: "The Deposition of Mercy Lewis Aged [19.] This Deponent -testifieth and saith that last Night Philip English and his Wife came -to mee, also Goodwife Dasten, Eliza Johnson, and Old Pharoh of Linn: -sd. Mrs. English vrged mee to set my Hand to a Booke, and told mee she -would afflict me dreadfully and kill me if I did not: Said also if I -would but touch the Booke I should bee well, or else I should never. -Mrs. English said she might bring the Book now she thought everie one -of them would bee cleared, and now at this present Time before the -Grandiury sd Philip English, his Wife, and old Pharoh, come into the -Roome, or their Shape and stroke mee on the Brest, and almost choaked -mee, and said they would strangle me if they could. _Owned before the -Grandiury upon the Oath she had taken, Janr_ 12_th,_ 169⅔. _Attests_ -Robert Payne, _Foreman._" All in the Autograph of Mr. Saml. Parris, -except the Signature of Payne. See APPENDIX, NUMBER III. - -[129] The "Chief Judge," it will be remembered, was Lieut. Gov. -Stoughton. - -[130] The Complainants were "Mr. Thomas Putnam, and Mr. John Putnam, -Jr., of Salem Village." She is styled single Woman, "of Redding," -and her Name is spelt Dusting, Dastin, and Dasting, in the Records. -It would be interesting to know if she was a Relative of the noted -Heroine, Hannah Dustin, of Haverhill, who slew her Indian Captors, and -escaped out of Captivity in 1697. Mr. Chase, the able Historian of -Haverhill, does not seem to have consulted the Records at Salem, as we -find nothing of this Case in his History. - -[131] If this was supposed to be dealing justly by the Accused, the -Government Officers of that Day must have had a very _angular_ Idea of -Justice, as understood by upright Men of the present Day. Such a Course -reminds one of "Lidford Law," and of those sentenced "to be hanged and -to pay 40 shillings." - -[132] "One that many Years since was Executed at Hartford, in -Connecticut Colony, on the Account of Witchcraft, confessed, that she -had employed Evil Spirits to be revenged on several; but that when she -would have had them do the Like to Mr. Stone (the Eminent Teacher of -the Church there) they told her, they had not leave to do it: Nor is -this to be Evaded by saying some Persons (as of late in New England) -have falsely accused themselves, for this Person was upon Rational -Grounds, thought to be a true Penitent, before her Death. We cannot -argue, that because some have failed in their cursed Attempts, that -therefore never any Succeeded. But the known Success of many was -that which emboldened others to Endeavour the Like.".--I. Mather, in -_Angelographia, To the Reader_. See, also, _Remarkable Providences_ (by -the same), Chap. V. - - -[_A Fast Proclaimed._] - -Before this the Government Issued forth the following Proclamation. - - _By the Honourable the Lieutenant Governour, Council and Assembly - of his Majesties[133] Province of the_ Massachusetts Bay, _in - General Court Assembled._ - -Whereas the Anger of God is not yet turned away, but his Hand is still -stretched out against his People in manifold Judgments, particularly -in drawing out to such a length the troubles of _Europe_,[134] by a -perplexing War; and more especially, respecting ourselves in this -Province, in that God is pleased still to go on in diminishing our -Substance, cutting short our Harvest, blasting our most promissing -undertakings more ways than one, unsettling of us, and by his more -Immediate hand, snatching away many out of our Embraces, by sudden and -violent Deaths, even at this time when the Sword is devouring so many -both at home and abroad, and that after many days of publick and Solemn -addressing of him. And altho considering the many Sins prevailing -in the midst of us, we cannot but wonder at the Patience and Mercy -moderating these Rebukes; yet we cannot but also fear that there is -something still wanting to accompany our Supplications. And doubtless -there are some particular Sins, which God is Angry with our _Israel_ -for, that have not been duly seen and resented by us, about which God -expects to be sought if ever he turn again our Captivity. - -Wherefore it is Commanded and Appointed, that _Thursday_ the Fourteenth -of _January_ next, be observed as a Day of Prayer, with Fasting -throughout this Province, strictly forbidding all Servile labour -thereon; that so all Gods People may offer up fervent Supplications -unto him, for the Preservation, and Prosperity of his Majesty's Royal -Person and Government, and Success to attend his Affairs both at home -and abroad; that all iniquity may be put away which hath stirred God's -Holy jealousie against this Land; that he would shew us what we know -not, and help us wherein we have done amiss to do so no more; and -especially that whatever mistakes on either hand have been fallen into, -either by the body of this People, or any orders of men, referring to -the late Tragedy, raised among us by Satan and his Instruments, thro -the awful Judgment of God, he [144] would humble us therefor and pardon -all the Errors of his Servants and People, that desire to love his Name -and be attoned to his Land; that he would remove the Rod of the wicked -from off the Lot of the Righteous, that he would bring the _American_ -Heathen, and cause them to hear and obey his Voice. - -_Given at_ Boston, Decemb 17, 1696, _in the_ 8_th Year of his Majesties -Reign_. - - Isaac Addington, _Secretary_. - -Upon the Day of the Fast in the full Assembly at the South -Meeting-House in _Boston_ one of the Honourable Judges,[135] who had -sat in Judicature in _Salem_, delivered in a Paper, and while it was -in reading stood up, But the Copy being not to be obtained at present, -It can only be reported by Memory to this effect, _viz._ _It was to -desire the Prayers of God's People for him and his, and that God having -visited his Family,_ &c. _he was apprehensive that he might have fallen -into some Errors in the Matters at_ Salem, _and pray that the Guilt of -such Miscarriages may not be imputed either to the Country in general, -or to him or his family in particular_. - - -[_Jury-men's Acknowledgement._] - - Some that had been of several Jewries, have given forth a Paper, - Sign'd with their own hands in these words. - -W_E whose names are under written, being in the Year_ 1692, _called to -serve as Jurors in Court at_ Salem _on Tryal of many; who where by some -suspected Guilty of doing Acts of Witchcraft upon the Bodies of sundry -Persons:_ - -_We confess that we ourselves were not capable to understand, nor able -to withstand the mysterious delusions of the Powers of Darkness, and -Prince of the Air; but were for want of Knowledge in ourselves, and -better Information from others, prevailed with to take up with such -Evidence against the Accused, as on further consideration, and better -Information, we justly fear was insufficient for the touching the Lives -of any, Deut._ xvii. 6. _whereby we fear we have been instrumental with -others, tho Ignorently and unwittingly, to bring upon ourselves, and -this People of the Lord, the Guilt of Innocent Blood; which Sin the -Lord saith in Scripture, he would not pardon,_ 2 Kings xxiv. 4. _that -is we suppose in regard of his temporal Judgments. We do therefore -hereby signifie to all in general (and to the surviving Sufferers in -especial) our deep sense of, and sorrow for our Errors, in acting on -such Evidence to the condemning of any person._ - -_And do hereby declare that we justly fear that we were sadly deluded -and mistaken, for which we are much disquieted and distressed in our -minds; and do therefore humbly beg forgiveness, first of God for -Christ's sake for this our Error; And pray that God would not impute -the guilt of it to ourselves, nor_ [145] _others; and we also pray that -we may be considered candidly, and aright by the living Sufferers as -being then under the power of a strong and general Delusion, utterly -unacquainted with, and not experienced in matters of that Nature._ - -_We do heartily ask forgiveness of you all, whom we have justly -offended, and do declare according to our present minds, we would none -of us do such things again on such grounds for the whole World; praying -you to accept of this in way of Satisfaction for our Offence; and that -you would bless the Inheritance of the Lord, that he may be entreated -for the Land._ - - _Foreman, Thomas Fisk_, - _William Fisk_, - _John Bacheler_, - _Thomas Fisk, Junior_ - _John Dane_, - _Joseph Evelith_, - _Thomas Perly, Senior_ - _John Pebody_, - _Thomas Perkins_, - _Samuel Sayer_, - _Andrew Elliott_, - _Henry Herrick, Senior_,[136] - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[133] William III, Mary being dead. She died on the 28th Dec, 1694. Was -Dau. of James II, by A. Hyde. - -[134] The "perplexing war" of this Period is sketched with a Master's -Hand by Macaulay in his _History of England_. - -[135] The Honorable Samuel Sewall. He worshipped at the _Old_ South -Church. His Name will be found inscribed upon the Plan of the House in -Mr. Wisner's _History_, Page 102, denoting the Pew which he occupied. -Its internal Arrangement is much the same now. - -[136] Both Mather and Calef have avoided giving Lists of the Trial -Jurors, doubtless to avoid increasing the number of their Pages. The -Records (that remain) are very imperfect in this, as well as in many -other Respects, already noticed. On this Period much remains to be done. - - -[_Postscript._] - -POSTSCRIPT. - - _Since making the foregoing Collections of Letters, to the Reverend - Mr._ Cotton Mather, _and others, &c. (which as yet remain - unanswered) a Book is come to hand Intituled_, - -THE _Life of Sir_ William Phips, _printed in_ London, 1697. Which Book, -tho it bears not the Authors name, yet the Stile, manner and matter -is such, that were there no other demonstration or token to know him -by, it were no Witchcraft to determine that the said Mr. _C. M._ is -the Author of it. But that he that has _encountred Enchantments_, and -gone through the _Wonders of the Invisible World_, and _discovered -the Devil_, that he should step aside into a Remote Country to put on -Invisibility! Tho the reason of this be not so manifest, yet it may be -thought to be to gratifie some peculiar fancies; and why may not this -be one, that he might with the better grace extol the Actions of Mr. -_Mather_, as Agent in England, or as President of _Harvard_ College, -not forgetting his own.[137] - -As to Sir _William_, it will be generally _acknowledged_ that -notwithstanding the meanness of his Parentage and Education, he -attain'd to be Master of a Ship, and that he had the good hap to find -a _Spanish_ Wreck, not only sufficient to repair his Fortunes, but -to raise him to a considerable Figure; which King _James_ did so far -accommodate as to make _him a Knight_. - -[146] And that after this, in the Reign of his Present Majesty, _he -took up with those of the Agents, that were for accepting the New -Charter, whereby himself became Governour_.[138] - -It is not doubted, but that he aimed at the good of the People, and -great Pitty it is that his Government was so sullied (for want of -better Information and Advice, from those whose duty it was to have -given it) by that Hobgoblin Monster, Witchcraft, whereby this Countrey -was Night-Mar'd, and harrast, at such a rate, as is not easily -imagined.[139] - -After which some complaints going to _England_ about -Male-Administration, in the least matters comparatively; yet were such, -that he was call'd home to give account thereof, where he soon after -expired, so finishing his Life and Government together.[140] - -Death having thus drawn the Curtain, forbidding any further Scene, it -might have been prudence, to let his dust remain without disturbance. - -But the said Book endeavouring to raise a Statue to him (_i. e._) to -ascribe to him such Achievements as either were never performed by him, -or else unduly aggravated, this has opened the Mouth, both of Friends -and Enemies to recount the mistakes in the said Book; as also those -miscarriages, wherewith Sir _William_ was chargeable; such as, had it -not been for this Book, had been buried with him.[141] - -In P. 3, search is made over the World, to whom to compare him in his -Advancement; and most unhappily _Pizarro_ is pitched upon as a match -for him, who was a Bastard, dropt in a Church-Porch, put to Suck of a -Sow, and being grown, ran away, and Shipt himself for _America_; there -so prospered, as to Command an Army; and therewith did mighty things, -particularly took _Attaballipa_, one of the Kings of _Peru_ Prisoner, -and having received for his Ransom, in Gold and Silver to the value of -Ten Millions, perfidiously put him to Death; and was the Death of no -Man knows how many Thousands of Innocents, and is certainly one of the -worst that could have been pitched upon for such comparison.[142] - -Tho this together with the Rhetorical flourishes, and affected -strains therein, are instances of the Author's variety of Learning; -for which he is recommended by these Three _Venerable_ Person[143] -in the entrance to the said Book. Yet the _Integrity_, _Prudence_, -and _Veracity_ thereof, is not so manifestly to be seen. Passing over -a multitude of Misrepresentations that are therein relating to the -Acts of Sir _William_, as not designing to rake in the Grave of the -Dead, Who is it can see the Veracity of those words? P. 40. [He lay -within _Pistol-Shot_ of the Enemies Cannon, and beat them from thence, -and much batter'd the town, having his Ship shot thro in an hundred -places, with _Four and twenty Pounders_,] When in the Judgment of those -present, they were not nearer to the Enemy, than about _half or three -quarters of a Mile_; that there might be in all about _Seven Shot_ that -[147] struck the Hull of the Vessel, none of them known to be bigger -than 18 Pounders, the Enemy having but one Gun that could carry so big -as an 18 pound Ball.[144] - -It were a fondness after such assertions, to take any notice of this -bedeck'd Statue, when there was so much the less need of erecting -one (as is asserted P. 108) having already been done so well, that -even this Author himself despairs of doing it better;[145] and that -by one, a Man of such diffused and Embalm'd a Reputation, _as that -his Commendations_ are asserted to be enough to _Immortalize_ the -Reputation of Sir _William_, or whomsoever else _he should_ please to -bestow them upon, _viz._ That Reverend person _who was_ the President -of the only University then in the _English America_, P. 109. Which -by the way is a much fairer Statue, in honour of the President of the -University, than that erected for Sir _William_. - -For notwithstanding all this noise of Erecting Statues, and the great -danger in plucking them down, _&c._ yet in P. 89, 'tis said that -even Sir _William_ shewed Choler enough, leaving it open for others, -thereby to understand, that he was wholly given over to Passion and -Choler.[146] And in P. 92, 'tis said he did not affect any mighty -shew of Devotion; these expressions with others may prevail with the -unbiased Reader to think that these builders of Statues, had some -further design in it, than to blazen the Achievements of Sir _William -Phips, viz._ To set forth Mr. _J. Mathers_ Negociation in _England_, -his procuring the New-Charter for Sir _William_ to be Governour, -and himself Establish'd President of the College, are the things -principally driven at in the Book.[147] - -Another principal thing is to set forth the supposed Witchcrafts in -_New-England_, and how well Mr. _Mather_ the Younger therein acquitted -himself.[148] - -As to the New Charter for the right understanding that Affair, it will -be needful to say, that the People that afterwards settled in _New -England_, being about to leave their Native soil, and to seek (as the -Providence of God should direct them) a settlement in remote Regions, -wherein they might best secure their Civil and Religious Interests, -before they enter'd upon this, considering it might be needful on -many accounts for their future well being, they obtain'd a Charter to -be in the nature of a prime agreement, setting forth the Soveraigns -Prerogative, and the People's Priviledges; in the enjoyment whereof -they long continued, after having purchas'd the Title to their Lands, -of the Natives of the Country, and settled themselves therein, without -any charge to the Crown. - -That Clause in their Charter for this Country, _viz._ (Provided -that no other Christian Prince be prepossest of it) being a tacit -acknowledgment, that before settlement no one Christian Prince had any -right thereto more than another. During this time of _New-England's_ -Prosperity, the Government here were very sparing of Granting -Freedoms, except to such as [148] were so and so qualfied. Whereby -the number of _Non_-Freemen[149] being much increas'd, they were -very uneasie, by their being shut out from having any share in the -Government, or having any Votes for their Representatives, _&c._ it -rendred many of them ready to join with such as were undermining the -Government, not duly considering that it had been far more safe to have -endeavoured to prevail with the Legislators for an enlargement. - -So that it will not be wonder'd at that in the latter end of the Reign -of King _Charles_ the II. and of King _James_, (when most of the -Charters in _England_ were vacated) that this was _quo warranto'd_ and -finally Judgment entered up against it, and the Country was put into -such a form of Government as was most agreeable to those times, _viz._ -A Legislative pow'r was lodg'd in the Governour (or President) and -some few appointed to be of his Counsel, without any regard therein, -either to the Laws of _England_, or those formerly of this Colony: -Thus rendering the Circumstances of this Country beyond comparison -worse than those of any Corporation in _England_. The People of those -Corporations being acknowledged still to have a right to _Magna -Charta_, when their particular Charters were made void. But here when -_Magna Charta_ has been pleaded, the People have been answered, that -they must not expect that _Magna Charta_ would follow them to the end -of the World: not only their Estates, but their Lives being thereby -rendered wholly precarious. And Judge _Palmer_[150] has set forth in -Print, that the King has power to grant such a Commission over this -People. - -It is not hard to imagine that under such a Commission, not only the -People were liable to be opprest by Taxes, but also by Confiscations, -and Siezing of Lands, unless Patents were purchased at Excessive -prizes, with many other Exorbitant Innovations. - -The first that accepted this Commission was Mr. _Dudley_, a Gentleman -born in this Country, who did but prepare the way for Sir _Edm. -Andros_. In whose time things being grown to such Extremities, not -only here, but in _England_, as render'd the succeeding Revolution -absolutely necessary; the Revolution here being no other than an acting -according to the Precedent given by _England_. - -During the time of Sir _Edmonds'_ Government, Mr. _Increase Mather_, -Teacher of the North Church in _Boston_, having undergone some trouble -by Fobb-Actions[151] laid upon him, _&c._ (tho with some difficulty) he -made his Escape, and got passage for _England_, being therein assisted -by some particular Friends; where being arrived, he applied himself to -King _James_ for redress of those Evils the Country then groaned under; -and meeting with a seeming kind reception, and some promises, it was as -much as might at that time be reasonably expected.[152] - -[149] Upon the Day of the Revolution here, tho the greatest part of -the People were for reassuming their Ancient Government, pursuant to -his Royal Highness' Proclamation; yet matters were so clog'd, that the -People were dissmist without it, who did not in the least mistrust but -that those who were put out of the Government by Mr. _Dudley_, would -reassume: Mr. _Broadstreet_, who had been then Governour, being heard -to say that Evening, when returned home, _That had not he thought they -would have reassum'd, he would not have stirr'd out of his House that -Day_.[153] But after this, some that were driving at other matters, -had opportunities by Threats and other ways not only to prevail with -that good Old Gentleman, but with the rest of the Government wholly to -decline it; which some few observing, they took the opportunity to call -themselves a Committee of Safety, and so undertook to Govern such as -would be govern'd by them.[154] - -It has been an Observation of long continuance _that matters of State -seldom prosper, when managed by the Clergy_. Among the opposers of the -reassuming few were so strenuous as some of the Ministers, and among -the Ministers none more vehement than Mr. _Cotton Mather_, Pastor of -the _North_ Church in _Boston_, who has charged them as they would -answer it another day to reassume. Among his Arguments against it, one -was that it would be to put a slight upon his Father, who, he said, -was in _England_, labouring for a compleat Restoration of Charter -Privileges, not doubting, but they would be speedily obtain'd. Any Man -that knows _New England_ cannot but be sensible, that such Discourses -from such Men, have always been very prevalent. And hence it was that -even those that would think themselves wronged, if they were not -numbred among the best Friends to _New-England_, and to its Charter, -would not so much as stoop to take it up, when there was really nothing -to hinder them from the Enjoyment thereof.[155] - -After the Committee of Safety had continued about seven Weeks, or -rather after Anarchy had been so long Triumphant, an Assembly having -been call'd came to this resolve and laid it before those Gentlemen -that had been of the Government, that if they would not act upon the -Foundation of the Charter, that persuant to it, the Assembly would -appoint some others in that Station. The Answer to which was, that -they would accept, _&c._ And when a Declaration signifying such a -reassuming, was prepared with the good liking of the Deputies, in order -to be published, some that were opposers, so terrified those Gentlemen, -that before publishing it was underwritten [that they would not have -it understood that they did reassume Charter-Government] to the no -small amazement of the People, and disappointment of the Deputies, who -if these had not promised so to act, had taken other care, and put in -those that would.[156] - -[150] The next principal thing done was, they chose two of their -Members, _viz._ one of the upper House, the other of the lower, both -of them Gentlemen of known Integrity, as well as ability to go to -_England_, in order to obtain their Resettlement;[157] and in regard -Mr. _I. Mather_ was already there, they joined him, as also a certain -Gentleman in _London_[158] with these other two: Those from hence -being arrived in _London_, they all united for the common Interest of -the Countrey, though without the desired effect. They were in doubt, -whether it were best to Improve their Utmost for a reversal of the -Judgment in a Course of Law, or to obtain it in a Parliamentary way, -or to Petition his Majesty for a New Grant of former Priviledges; And -considering that the two first might prove Dilatory and Expensive, -as well as for other reasons, they resolved upon the latter, and -Petition'd his Majesty for the Countries Resettlement, with former -Privileges, and what further additionals his Majesty in his Princely -Wisdom should think fit. Accordingly it pleased his Majesty to declare -in Counsel his Determination, _viz._ That there should be a Charter -granted to _New-England_. But the Minutes then taken thereof, and a -Draught of the _New-Charter_ being seen, it was the Opinion of the two -Gentlemen sent from hence, that it were best to tarry his Majesties -return from _Flanders_; in hopes then to obtain ease in such things as -might be any ways deemed to be grievous. And this was the result of the -Advice of such as were best able to give it, that they could meet with, -and accordingly they wholly desisted taking it out of the Offices.[159] - -But Mr. _Mather_ and that other Gentleman had, as it is said, other -advice given them, which they strenuously pursued, and his Majesty -having left it as is asserted in this of the Life of Sir _William_, -P. 57, to them to nominate a Governour, they pitcht upon Sir _William -Phips_, who was then in _England_, [As the most likely and able to -serve the King's Interests among the People there; under the changes in -some things unacceptable now brought upon them, P. 62.] and without -tarrying for the concurrence of those other Agents, the Charter was -taken out, _&c._[160] - -But Mr. _Mather_ perhaps fearing he should have but small thanks -here, for his having so far an hand in bringing upon them those -unacceptable Changes, wrote, and caused to be Printed, an Account -of his Negotiation, but surely by some Error in the Conception, it -proved only an _Embrio_, and was stifled as soon as born. One indeed, -designed to be as it were a _Posthumous_ was left with Mr. _Bailey_, -formerly of _Boston_, and a Member of the _North-Church_, with a charge -not to suffer it to be seen till he were gone to _New-England_; yet -it seems some other person got a sight of it, which was the occasion -of Mr. _Mather_'s sending him that Minatory Epistle, by some call'd -a Bull. But besides this, for fear of the worst, Mr. _Mather_ got -several _Non-con_ Ministers to give him a Testimonial, or Letters of -Commendations for his great Service herein.[161] - -[151] In the mean time Mr. _Cotton Mather_, being in some doubt of the -same thing, handed about a Paper of Fables; wherein his Father under -the Name of _Mercurius_, and himself under the Name of _Orpheus_, are -extoll'd, and the great Actions of _Mercurius_ magnified; the present -Charter exalted, by trampling on the former, as being very defective, -and all those call'd unreasonable that did not readily agree with the -New one: And indeed the whole Country are compared to no better than -Beasts, except _Mercurius_ and _Orpheus_, the Governour himself must -not Escape being termed an Elephant, tho as good as he was great, and -the Inferiours told by _Orpheus_ that for the quiet Enjoyment of their -Lands, _&c._ they were beholding to _Mercurius_. Tho this Paper was -judged not convenient to be Printed, yet some Copies were taken, the -Author having shown variety of _Heathen_ Learning in it.[162] - -This is in short that eminent Service for which the said Mr. _I. M._ is -in the present Book so highly extol'd. In so many Pages, that to repeat -them were to transcribe a considerable part of the said Book. - -And no doubt he deserves as much thanks as Dr. _Sharp_[163] did, -when he was sent by the Presbytery of _Scotland_, to procure the -settlement of their Kirk by King _Charles_ II. at his Restauration. - -Not but that the present Charter of _New-England_ is indeed truly -valuable, as containing in it peculiar Priviledges, which abundantly -Engages this People to pay the tribute of thankfulness to his -Majesty,[164] and all due subjection to whom it shall please him to -substitute as Governour over us; and to pray that the King of Kings -would pour out of his richest blessings upon him, giving him a long and -prosperous Reign over the Nations, under the benign Influences whereof, -Oppression and Tyranny may flee away. - -And if his Majesty hath put this People into the present form of -Government, to the end they might be in the better condition of -Defence in a time of War; or that they might the better understand -the Priviledge of choosing their own Governour by the want of it, and -should be graciously pleased (the War being over) to restore to these, -as has been already granted to the rest of his Majesties Subjects, -the full employment of their Ancient Priviledges, it would be such -an obligation upon them to thankfulness and Duty as could never be -forgotten, nor sufficiently exprest, and would rather abate than -increase charge to the Crown. - -As to the supposed Witchcrafts in _New-England_, having already said so -much thereof, there is the less remains to be added. - -In the times of Sir _Ed. Andros_ his Government, Goody _Glover_, a -despised, crazy, ill-conditioned old Woman, an _Irish Roman_ Catholick, -was tried for Afflicting _Goodwins_ Children; by the Account of which -Tryal, taken in Short-hand, for the use of the Jury, it may appear that -the ge[152]nerality of her Answers, were Nonsense, and her behaviour -like that of one distracted. Yet the Drs. finding her as she had been -for many Years, brought her in _Compos Mentis_; and setting aside her -crazy Answers to some insnaring questions, the proof against her was -wholly deficient: The Jury brought her Guilty.[165] - -Mr. _Cotton Mather_ was the most active and forward of any Minister -in the Country in those matters, taking home one of the Children, and -managing such intreagues with that Child, and after printing such an -Account of the whole, in his Memorable Providences, as conduced much to -the kindling those Flames, that in Sir _Williams_ time threatned the -devouring this Country.[166] - -King _Saul_ in his destroying the Witches out of _Israel_, is -thought by many to have exceeded, and in his Zeal to have slain the -_Gibeonites_ wrongfully under that notion: Yet went after this to a -Witch to know his Fortune. For his wrongful destroying the _Gibeonites_ -(besides the Judgments of God upon the Land) his Sons were hanged; -and for his going to the Witch, himself was cut off. Our sir _William -Phips_ did not do this, but as appears by this Book had first his -Fortune told him, (by such as the Author counts no better) and though -he put it off (to his Pastor, who he new approved not thereof) as if -it were brought to him in writing, without his seeking, _&c._ Yet by -his bringing it so far, and safe keeping it so many Years, it appears -he made some Account of it; for which he gave the Writer, after he -had found the Wreck, as a reward, more than Two hundred pounds. His -telling his Wife (P. 6.) that he should be a Commander, should have a -Brick-House in _Greenlane_,[167] _&c._ might be in confidence of some -such Prediction, and that he could foretel to him (P. 90.) that he -should be Governour of _New-England_, was probably such an one, (the -Scriptures not having revealed it.) Such Predictions would have been -counted at _Salem_, pregnant proofs of Witchcraft, and much better than -what were against several that suffered there. But Sir _William_, when -the Witchcrafts at _Salem_ began (in his Esteem) to look formidable, -that he might Act safely in this Affair, he asked the Advice of the -Ministers in and near _Boston_; the whole of their Advice and Answer -is Printed in _Cases of Conscience_, the last Pages. But lest the -World should be Ignorant who it was that drew the said Advice, in this -Book of the Life of Sir _William Phips_, P. 77. are these words, _the -Ministers made unto his Excellency and the Counsel a return, drawn up -at their desire, by Mr. Mather the Younger, as I have been informed_. -Mr. _C. M._ therein intending to beguile the World, and make them think -that another, and not himself had taken that notice of his (supposed) -good Service done therein, which otherwise would have been ascribed -to those Ministers in General, though indeed the Advice then given, -looks most like a thing of his Composing, as carrying both Fire [153] -to increase, and Water to quench the Conflagration.[168] Particularly -after the Devils Testimony, by the supposed Afflicted had so prevailed, -as to take away the Life of one, and the Liberty of an Hundred, and -the whole Country set into a most dreadful consternation, then this -Advice is given, ushered in with thanks for what was already done, -and in conclusion, putting the Government upon a speedy and vigorous -prosecution according to the Laws of God, and the wholesome Statutes -of the _English_ Nation, so adding Oil, rather than Water to the -Flame; for who so little acquainted with proceedings of _England_, as -not to know that they have taken some methods, with those here used -to discover who were Witches. The rest of the Advice, consisting -of cautions and directions, are inserted in this of the Life of Sir -_William_. So that if Sir _William_, looking upon the thanks for what -was past, and Exhortation to proceed, went on to take away the Lives of -Nineteen more, this is according to the Advice said to be given him by -the Ministers, and if the Devil after those Executions be affronted, -by disbelieving his testimony, and by clearing and Pardoning all the -rest of the Accused; yet this also is according to that Advice, but -to cast the Scale; the same that drew this Advice, saith, in _Wonders -of the Invisible World, Enchantments Encountered_; [that to have a -hand in any thing that may stifle or obstruct a regular detection of -that Witchcraft, is what we may well with a Holy fear avoid: Their -Majesties good Subjects must not every day be torn to pieces by horrid -Witchcraft, and those bloody Felons be wholly left unprosecuted; The -Witchcraft is a business that will not be shamm'd.][169] The Pastor -of that Church, of which Sir _William_ was a Member, being of this -Principle, and thus declaring it, after the former advice; no wonder -tho it cast the Scale against those Cautions. It is rather a Wonder -that no more Blood was shed, for if that Advice of his Pastors could -still have prevail'd with the Governour, Witchcraft had not been -so shammed off as it was. Yet now in this Book of the Life of Sir -_William_, the pardoning the Prisoners when Condemn'd, and clearing -the Goals, is call'd (P. 82) a Vanquishing the Devil, adding this -Conquest to the rest of the Noble Atchievements of Sir _William_, tho -Performed not only without, but directly against his Pastors Advice. -But this is not all, tho this Book pretends to raise a Statue in Honour -of Sir _William_, yet it appears it was the least part of the design -of the Author to Honour him, but it was rather to Honour himself, -and the Ministers; It being so unjust to Sir _William_, as to give a -full Account of the cautions given him, but designedly hiding from -the Reader the Incouragements and Exhortations to proceed, that were -laid before him (under the name of the Ministers Advice) in effect, -telling the World that those Executions at _Salem_, were without, -and against the Advice of the Ministers, exprest in those Cautions, -purposely hiding their giving thanks for what was already done, and -exhorting to proceed; thereby rendering Sir _William_ of so sanguin a -Complexion, that the Ministers had such cause to fear his going on with -the Tragedy, tho against their Advice; that they desired the President -to write his _Cases of Conscience, &c._ To plead misinformation -will not salve here, however it may seem to palliate other things, -but is a manifest, designed traversty, or misrepresentation of the -Ministers Advice to Sir _William_, a hiding the truth, and a wronging -the dead, whom the Author so much pretends to honour; for which the -Acknowledgments ought to be as Universal as the offence. But tho -the Ministers Advice, or rather Mr. C. _Mather's_ was perfectly -Ambidexter, giving as great or greater Encouragement to proceed in -those dark methods, than cautions against [154] them; yet many Eminent -persons being accused, there was a necessity of a stop to be put to -it. If it be true what was said at the Counsel-board in answer to the -commendations of Sir _William_, for his stopping the proceedings about -Witchcraft, _viz._ That it was high time for him to stop it, his own -Lady being accused; if that Assertion were a truth, then _New-England_ -may seem to be more beholden to the accusers for accusing of her, and -thereby necessitating a stop, than to Sir _William_, or to the Advice -that was given him by his Pastor.[170] - -Mr. _C. M._ having been very forward to write Books of Witchcraft, has -not been so forward either to explain or defend the Doctrinal part -thereof, and his belief (which he had a Years time to compose) he -durst not venture so as to be copied.[171] Yet in this of the Life of -Sir _William_ he sufficiently testifies his retaining that Heterodox -belief, seeking by frightfull stories of the sufferings of some, and -the refined sight of others, _&c._ P. 69 to obtrude upon the World, and -confirm it in such a belief, as hitherto he either cannot or will not -defend, as if the Blood already shed thereby were not sufficient.[172] - -Mr. _I. Mather_, in his _Cases of Conscience_, P. 25, tells of a -Bewitched Eye, and that such can see more than others. They were -certainly bewitched Eyes that could see as well shut as open, and -that could see what never was, that could see the Prisoners upon the -Afflicted, harming of them, when those whose Eyes were not bewitched -could have sworn that they did not stir from the Bar. The Accusers -are said to have suffered much by biting, P. 73. And the prints of -just such a set of Teeth, as those they Accused, had, but such as had -not such bewitch'd Eyes have seen the Accusers bite themselves, and -then complain of the Accused. It has also been seen when the Accused, -instead of having just such a set of Teeth, has not had one in his -head.[173] They were such bewitched Eyes that could see the Poisonous -Powder (brought by Spectres P. 70.) And that could see in the Ashes -the print of the Brand, there invisibly heate to torment the pretended -Sufferers with, _&c._[174] - -These with the rest of such Legends have this direct tendency, _viz._ -To tell the World that the Devil is more ready to serve his Votaries, -by his doing for them things above or against the course of Nature, -shewing himself to them, and making explicit contract with them, -_&c._ than the Divine Being is to his faithful Servants, and that as -he is willing, so also able to perform their desires.[175] The way -whereby these People are believed to arrive at a power to Afflict their -Neighbours, is by a compact with the Devil, and that they have a power -to _Commissionate_ him to those Evils, P. 72. However Irrational, or -inscriptural such Assertions are, yet they seem a necessary part of the -_Faith_ of such as maintain the belief of such a sort of _Witches_. - -As the Scriptures know nothing of a covenanting or commissioning Witch, -so Reason cannot conceive how Mortals should by their Wickedness -arrive at a power to Commissionate Angels, Fallen Angels, against -their Innocent Neighbours. But the Scriptures are full in it, and -the Instances numerous, that the Almighty, Divine Being has this -prerogative to make use of what Instrument he pleaseth, in Afflicting -any, and consequently to commissionate Devils: And tho this word -commissioning, in the Authors former Books, might be thought to be -by inadvertency, yet now after he hath been caution'd of it, still -to persist in it seems highly Criminal. And therefore in the name of -God, I here charge such belief as guilty of Sacrilege in the highest -Nature, and so much worse than stealing Church Plate, _&c._ As it -is a higher Offence to steal any of the glorious Attributes of the -Al[155]mighty, to bestow them upon Mortals, than it is to steal the -Utensils appropriated to his Service. And whether to ascribe such power -of commissioning Devils to the worst of Men, be not direct Blasphemy, -I leave to others better able to determine. When the _Pharisees_ were -so wicked as to ascribe to _Beelzebub_, the mighty works of Christ -(whereby he did manifestly shew forth his Power and Godhead) than it -was that our Saviour declar'd the Sin against the Holy Ghost to be -unpardonable. - -When the Righteous God is contending with Apostate Sinners, for their -departures from him, by his Judgments, as Plagues, Earthquakes, Storms -and Tempests, Sicknesses and Diseases, Wars, loss of Cattle, _&c._ -Then not only to ascribe this to the Devil, but to charge one another -with sending or commissionating those Devils to these things, is so -abominable and so wicked, that it requires a better Judgment than mine -to give it its just denomination.[176] - -But that Christians so called should not only charge their fellow -Christians therewith, but proceed to Trials and Executions; crediting -that Enemy to all Goodness, and Accuser of the Brethren, rather than -believe their Neighbours in their own Defence; this is so Diabolical a -Wickedness as cannot proceed, but from a Doctrine of Devils; how far -damnable it is let others discuss. Though such things were acting in -this Country in Sir _Williams_ time, yet P. 65. There is a Discourse -of a Guardian Angel, as then over-seeing it, which notion, however it -may suit the Faith of _Ethnicks_, or the fancies of _Trithemius_; it -is certain that the Omnipresent Being, stands not in need as Earthly -Potentates do, of governing the World by Vicegerents. And if Sir -_William_ had such an Invisible pattern to imitate, no wonder though -some of his Actions were unaccountable, especially those relating to -Witchcraft: For if there was in those Actions an Angel superintending, -there is little reason to think it was _Gabriel_ or the Spirit of -_Mercury_, nor _Hanael_ the Angel or Spirit of _Venus_, nor yet -_Samuel_ the Angel or Spirit of _Mars_; Names feigned by the said -_Trithemius_, _&c._ It may rather be thought to be _Apollyon_, or -_Abaddon_. - -_Obj._ But here it will be said, What are there no Witches? Do's not -the Law of God command that they should be extirpated? Is the Command -vain and Unintelligible? _Sol._ For any to say that a Witch is one -that makes a compact with, and Commissions Devils, _&c._ is indeed to -render the Law of God vain and Unintelligible, as having provided -no way whereby they might be detected, and proved to be such; And -how the _Jews_ waded thro this difficulty for so many Ages, without -the Supplement of Mr. _Perkins_ and _Bernard_ thereto, would be very -mysterious. But to him that can read the Scriptures without prejudice -from Education, _&c._ it will manifestly appear that the Scripture is -full and Intelligible, both as to the Crime and means to detect the -culpable. He that shall hereafter see any person, who to confirm People -in a false belief, about the power of Witches and Devils, pretending to -a sign to confirm it; such as knocking off of invisible Chains with the -hand, driving away Devils by brushing, striking with a Sword or Stick, -to wound a person at a great distance, _&c._ may (according to that -head of Mr. _Gauls_, quoted by Mr. _C. M._ and so often herein before -recited, and so well proved by Scripture) conclude that he has _seen -Witchcraft performed_. - -[156] If _Baalam_ became a Sorcerer by Sacrifizing and Praying to the -true God against his visible people; Then he that shall pray that the -afflicted (by their _Spectral_ Sight) may accuse some other Person -(whereby their reputations and lives may be indangered) such will -justly deserve the Name of a _Sorcerer_. If any Person pretends to know -more than can be known by humane means, and professeth at the same time -that they have it from the _Black-Man, i. e. the Devil_, and shall from -hence give Testimony against the Lives of others, they are manifestly -such as have a familiar Spirit; and if any, knowing them to have their -Information from the _Black-man_, shall be inquisitive of them for -their Testimony against others, they therein are dealing with such as -have a _Familiar-Spirit_. - -And if these shall pretend to _see the dead_ by their _Spectral Sight_, -and others shall be inquisitive of them, and receive their Answers what -it is the _dead say_, and who it is they accuse, both the one and the -other are by Scripture _Guilty of Necromancy_. - -These are all of them crimes as easily proved as any whatsoever, and -that by such proof as the Law of God requires, so that it is _no -Unintelligible Law_. - -But if the Iniquity of the times be such that these Criminals not only -Escape Indemnified, but are Incouraged in their wickedness, and made -use of to take away the Lives of others, this is worse than a making -the Law of God _Vain_, it being a rendring of it _dangerous_, against -the Lives of Innocents, and without all hopes of better, so long as -these Bloody Principles remain. - -As long as Christians do Esteem the _Law of God to be Imperfect_, as -not describing that crime that it requires to be Punish'd by Death. - -As long as men suffer themselves to be Poison'd in their Education, and -be grounded in a _False-Belief by the Books of the Heathen_. - -As long as the _Devil_ shall be believed to have _a Natural Power, to -Act above and against a course of Nature_. - -As long as the _Witches_ shall be believed to have a Power to -_Commission him_. - -As long as the _Devil's Testimony_, by the pretended afflicted, shall -be received as _more valid to Condemn_, than their Plea of _Not Guilty_ -to acquit. - -As long as the _Accused_ shall have their _Lives and Liberties_ -confirmed and restored to them, _upon their Confessing themselves -Guilty_. - -As long as the _Accused_ shall be forc't to _undergo Hardships and -Torments_ for their not Confessing. - -As long as _Tets_ for the _Devil to Suck_ are searched for upon the -Bodies of the accused, as a token of guilt. - -As long as the _Lord's Prayer_ shall be profaned, by being made a Test, -who are culpable. - -As long as _Witchcraft, Sorcery, Familiar Spirits, and Necromancy_, -shall be improved to discover who are _Witches_, _&c._ - -_So long it may be expected that innocents will suffer as Witches_. - -_So long God will be Daily dishonoured, And so long his Judgments, must -be expected to be continued._[177] - - -_FINIS._ - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[137] This Insinuation is quite well sustained, as will appear by an -Extract from Mr. Mather's Diary, printed in Quincy's _Hist. H. C._ i, -60. The Life of Phips is substantially included in the Magnalia. As -originally published, it is of considerable rarity. - -[138] See Vol. I, Page 25-6. - -[139] This Judgment has been sustained by Posterity. Phips's Hands were -tied. He could not have done differently, had he had the Knowledge -and Disposition, without giving offence to President Mather, who had -secured his Advancement. - -[140] To this rather mild and inoffensive remark of the Author, -Mr. Mather replies: "The last Effort of his [Calef's] Malice is a -Postscript against the Life of Sir William Phips, against whose Memory, -why any whose _Throats are an open Sepulchre_, should be so monstrously -envious, that like Jackalls, they can't let him rest quietly in his -Sepulchre, good Men can't imagine any Reason but the third Chapter of -Genesis."--_Some Few Remarks_, &c. 47. - -[141] "I have endured more than a little from some sort of Men, for -my writing the Life of Sir William Phips, and speaking well of him, -without either doing or speaking ill against any one good Man under the -whole Heavens, in the whole Composure. It seems that I must now write -an Apology, for that Book: for which I have no Confession to make, but, -_That I don't wish one Line of it unwritten_."--_Ibid_, 47-8. - -[142] It must be allowed that the Doctor was a little unfortunate in -his Choice of a Hero by which to measure his own. - -[143] The "three venerable Persons" were "Nath. Mather, John Howe and -Matthew Mead." The first was the Uncle to Dr. Cotton Mather, then a -Minister in Dublin, where he died a few Months later. Howe and Mead are -too well known to require a notice here. - -[144] To this Dr. Mather answers: "When mine Adversaries had, with a -concocted Malice, done all they could, they thought at least they had -found one Passage wherein they might impeach my Veracity. I had said, -that before Quebeck, Sir William lay _within Pistol Shot of the Enemies -Cannon_, and that his Ship was shot through, in _an hundred Places_, -and that it was shot through with _Four and Twenty Pounders_. (Tis a -gross Hardship for any to make my Meaning as if all the shot had been -so.) And now they fall to Tragical Exclamattons; they think _Four and -Twenty Pounders_ to be too small Dimensions for the Clamors they must -batter me withal.... I wrote no more than the very Words which I find -in a Journal of the Expedition to Qcebec.... _Calef_ himself has lately -owned, that he verily believes I did so."--_Some Few Remarks_, &c. 51-2. - -[145] After the Doctor had spoken of being "battered with Clamors," he -triumphantly Exclaims--"But hold _Robin_, [Mr. Calef's Christian Name -being Robert] I am not so soon _shot through_; and the _Statue_, as I -told thee, has _knock'd out thy Brains_!"--_Ibid_, Page 52. His Life of -Phips he calls a _Statue_. - -[146] The harsh and ungovernable Temper of the Governor was a Matter of -Notoriety in his Time. See _Life of Phips in the Magnalia_, B. ii, Page -72, &c. - -[147] "It is not worth our while to take Notice of every thing this -_Calf_ sayes, 'tis often so impertinent; however, we will lay open one -thing more. He says that Mr. Mather procured a Charter for Sir William -to be Governor, and _himself established President of the Colledge_. -Can there be greater Nonsense mixed with Malice! How could that be, -when Mr. Mather had been President of the Colledge _ten_ Years before -Sir William came to be Governor?" This is a very shallow Attempt -to impeach, by Hypercriticism, the Truth of Mr. Calef's Statement. -Everybody knew the fact that Dr. I. Mather was President of the -College. Mr. Calef's Meaning is plain enough, namely, that Mr. Mather's -Solicitude was about _keeping_ his Office of President. - -[148] "It is to be confessed and bewailed, that many Inhabitants of -New England, and young People especially, had been led away with -little _Sorceries_, wherein they _did secretly those things that were -not right against the Lord their God_; they would often cure Hurts -with _Spells_, and practice detestable Conjurations with _Sieves_, -and _Keyes_, and _Pease_, and _Nails_, and _Horse-shoes_, and other -Implements to learn the Things for which they had a forbidden and -impious Curiosity. Wretched Books had stolen into the Land, wherein -Fools were instructed how to become able Fortune-tellers."--_Life of -Sir W. Phips._ See _Magnalia_, B. ii, 60. Some twenty Years later the -Author's Ideas had undergone a slight Change. See _Remarkables_, 161, -_et seq._ - -[149] Complete Lists of all the Freemen in Massachusetts, and the -Qualifications necessary to become such, will be found in the _New Eng. -Hist. and Gen. Register_, Vols. III, IV and VII. - -[150] Palmer's Book is thus entitled: "An Impartial Account of the -State of New England: or, the Late Government there, Vindicated. In -Answer to the Declaration which the Faction set forth, when they -Overturned that Government. With a Relation of the Horrible Usage they -treated the Governour with, and his Council; and all that had His -Majesty's Commission. _In a_ Letter _to the_ Clergy _there._ By _John -Palmer_. London: Printed for _Edward Poole_, at the _Ship_ over against -the _Royal Exchange_, in _Cornhill_, 1690." 4to, 40 Pages. This Work is -about to be republished by the PRINCE SOCIETY. - -[151] Actions brought without Foundation. - -[152] "The Superior Gentlemen in the Oppressed Country, thought, that -a Well-qualified Person going over with the Addresses of the Churches -to the King, might, by the Help of such Protestant Dissenters as the -King began upon Political Views to cast a fair Aspect upon, obtain -some Relief to the growing Distresses of the Country; and Mr. Mather -was the Person that was pitch'd upon.... To his Wonderment, they that -at another Time would have almost assoon parted with their Eyes as -have parted with him now were willing to it."--_Remarkables of Dr. I. -Mather_, 103. - -[153] Mr. Bradstreet was then about 86 Years of Age. A pretty full -Account of the Transactions of this Period may be read in Hutchinson, -_Hist. Mass._, i, _sub. An._ 1689: "The Representatives of 54 Towns met -at Boston, on the 22d of May. They soon discovered a Desire to reassume -the Charter. The major Part of the Council were against it." _Ibid._, -i, 386, first Edition. - -[154] I do not find this animadverted upon in the _Some Few Remarks_. - -[155] See Neal's _Hist. N. England_, where will be found the -"Declaration" in full, in which it is said: "Having fully and -deliberately examined the Minds and Instructions of the several Towns, -do find it to be the general Consent and Concurrence of our several -Towns to reassume the Government according to Charter-Rights," &c. Vol. -II, 55. - -[156] The _underwritten_ Recantation does not appertain to the printed -Declaration. Neal says: "'Tis certain the Massachuset-Provinces had -hard Measure in the Loss of their Charter, and harder yet, in not -having it restored at the Revolution," &c. Vol. II, 59. - -[157] Elisha Cooke and Thomas Oakes, both of them Assistants. See -Hutchinson, _Hist. Mass._, i, 393. - -[158] Sir Henry Ashurst. - -[159] Dr. I. Mather's Narrative of this Affair runs thus: "When the -King was pleased to give a positive Command that the Charter of New -England should be dispatched, it was not for the Agents to say, It -shall not be so. True it is, that all the Agents, when they saw what -Minutes would be inserted in the Charter, were desirous of a Delay, -until the Kings happy Return to England. And I may without Vanity say, -no Man laboured to have it so, more than myself. I prayed Arch-Bishop -Tillotson to intercede with the Queen for this Favour to us, who at my -Request did so. Moreover, I drew up several Reasons against that which -in the Minutes of the New Charter is most grievous to us; which were by -Sir Henry Ashurst, and my self, delivered to His Majesties Attourney -General, on July 24. 1691, and which I did also send to my Lord Sidney, -one of His Majesties principal Secretaries of State, then with the -King in Flanders."--_Some Few Remarks_, 22-3. Lord Henry _Sydney_ was -afterwards Earl of Romney. - -[160] Thinking there would be no further Proceedings about the Charter -before the Return of the King, Mr. Mather says he went into the -Country for the Recovery of his impaired Health, where, before he had -been three Weeks, he was surprised by being sent for to London, "with -Information that the King had signified His Royal Pleasure to the Earl -of Nottingham, that there should be a Procedure with a Charter for the -Massachusetts Colony, according to the Minutes that the Lords of the -Committee for Plantations had agreed to, notwithstanding the Objections -of the Agents."--_Some Few Remarks_, 23. - -[161] This Document is printed in the Work just cited, Pages 14 to 18; -and also by the Son in his _Remarkables_ of his Father, Pages 157-60. -The rebutting of the "Bull" has been noticed in an earlier Page. - -[162] Whether this Paper, containing the _variety of Heathen Learning_, -was ever printed, the Editor is unable to say. - -[163] The Defenders of Dr. Mather say, that, by what they have heard -about that Story of Dr. Sharp, attempting "to get himself made Bishop, -did what he could to undermine the Presbyterian Government:" and -continue,--"Certainly, Satan _himself_ could not but blush to say, that -ever Mr. Mather went to destroy the Government of New England, either -as to their Civil or Ecclesiastical Constitution."--_Some Few Remarks_, -29, 30. Mr. Calef is very far from bringing any such Charge. Some later -Authors are far more severe on Dr. Mather than he. See Baylies, _N. -Plymouth_, iv, 134. - -[164] After extracting this Acknowledgement of our Author, his -Reviewers say: "With what Face then can he insinuate that no Thanks are -due to the Instruments of obtaining such a valuable Charter, and so -many peculiar Priviledges? Surely he was beside himself, when he wrote -such Things as these."--_Ibid._, Page 30. - -[165] The Authors of the _Some Few Remarks_, print a Letter from Mr. -John Goodwin, as a triumphant Vindication of what Dr. Cotton Mather -published respecting the bewitchment of Goodwin's Children. The Letter -is too long and too unimportant to occupy Space here. It may be seen -on Pages 62 and 63 of that Work. It is, of course, an attempt to -sustain Dr. Mather's Account, the substance of which Account is in -the _Magnalia_. They then go on: "Now behold how active and forward -Mr. Mather was, in transacting the Affairs relating to this Woman; -and be astonished, that ever any _One_ should go to insinuate things -to the World, as are known by most that ever heard of those afflicted -Children, to be so far different from _Truth_, as to do what in you -lies to lessen the Esteem of those Servants of Christ, (which you make -your chiefest _Butts_) among the Lord's People.... We pray God _Pardon_ -your Sin, and give you the Grace to Repent."--_Ibid_, 65. See also -_Magnalia_, B. ii, 61; where it appears that Mr. Joseph Dudley was -Chief Judge when the poor old crazy Woman was tried and Executed. - -[166] Dr. Mather answers: "After the Storm was raised at Salem, I did -myself offer to provide Meat, Drink, and Lodging, for no less than -_Six_ of the Afflicted, that so an Experiment might be made, whether -_Prayer_ with _Fasting_, upon the Removal of those Miserables, one -from another, might not put a Period unto the Trouble then arising, -without giving the Civil Authority the Trouble of Prosecuting the -Methods of the Law on that Occasion. You'll say, How came it then to -pass that many People took up another Notion of me? Truly, _Satan -knows_. Perhaps 'twas because I thought it my Duty alwayes to speak of -the Honourable Judges with as much Honour as I could; (a Crime which I -am generally taxed for, and _for which I have been finely requited_!) -This made People, who judge of Things _at a Distance_, to dream that I -_approved_ of all that was done."--_Ibid_, 39-40. Certainly, if Words -mean any thing, what he published fully justifies that Conclusion, -notwithstanding his rare _Ambidexterity_. See Vol. I, _Ubique loci_. - -[167] Salem Street was in those Times, called _Green-Lane_; at the -Corner made by that _Lane_ and Charter Street, the Governor actually -resided. See _History and Antiquities of Reason_, 816. - -[168] Dr. Mather says in Reply: "Moreover, when the Ministers presented -unto the Governour and Council, their Advice against making the -_Spectral Exhibitions_ to be so much as a _Presumption of Witchcraft_, -it was _my_ poor Hand which drew up that Advice, and my Heart was -always in it."--_Some Few Remarks_, 38-9. But the Doctor does not -explain how, in speaking of this _Address_ in the Life of Phips, he -came to make use of the Words--_as I have been informed_--while in the -_Some Few Remarks_ he owns that it was drawn by his _poor Hand_. See -_Life of Phips in Magnalia_, Book II, 63. - -[169] See Volume I, Page 34. - -[170] Dr. Douglass goes further in this Matter. He says that "some of -the Confessing Witches, by overacting their Parts in accusing some -of Gov. Phips's, and the Rev. Mr. Mather's Relations; as also some -of the Accused good Christians, and of good Estates, those arrested -the Accusers in high Actions for Defamation; this put a stop to -Accusations."--_Summary_, i, 450. - -[171] Referring to certain Answers in writing put into Mr. Calef's -Hands, with an Injunction against his printing them. See _ante_, Vol. -II, Page 86. - -[172] This Statement is fully borne out, as will be seen on referring -to the Life of Phips, as directed above, or to the same in the -_Magnalia_, B. ii, 60, _et seq._; one Extract here must suffice: "But -of all the _Preternatural_ things which befel these People, there -were none more unaccountable than those, wherein the prestigious -_Dæmons_ would ever now and then cover the most _Corporeal_ Things in -the World with a _Fascinating Mist_ of Invisibility. As now; a Person -was cruelly assaulted by a _Spectre_, that, she said, run at her with -a _Spindle_, though no Body else in the Room could see either the -_Spectre_ or the _Spindle_: At last, in her Agonies, giving a Snatch -at the _Spectre_, she pulled the _Spindle_ away; and it was no sooner -got into her Hand, but the other Folks then present beheld that it was -indeed a Real, Proper, Iron _Spindle_; which, when they locked up very -safe, it was nevertheless by the _Dæmons_ taken away to do farther -Mischief." In the _Wonders of the Invisible World_ (Vol. I, 205), this -Story of the Spindle will be seen among the _Curiosities_ and is given, -as the Author there tells the Reader, as "a Bone to pick" for the -_Dogmatical_. _See also_ Lawson, 102. - -[173] It is highly interesting to hear the Doctor's Account of this: -"It was also found, that the Flesh of the Afflicted was often _Bitten_ -at such a Rate, that not only the _Print of Teeth_ would be left on -their _Flesh_, but the very _Slaver_ of _Spittle_ too: As there would -appear just such a _set of Teeth_ as was in the _Accused_, even such -as might be clearly distinguished from other People's. And usually -the _Afflicted_ went through a terrible Deal of seeming Difficulties -from the tormenting _Spectres_, and must be long waited on before they -could get a Breathing Space from their Tormentors to give in their -Testimonies."--_Life of Phips, in Magnalia_, B. ii, 61-2. - -[174] The Doctor must once again be heard, otherwise the Reader can -have but a faint Idea of what our Author is exposing: "The Miserable -exclaimed extreamly of _Branding Irons_ heating at the Fire on the -Hearth to mark them; now, though the Standers by could see no _Irons_, -yet they could see distinctly the Print of them in the Ashes, and -_smell_ them too as they were carried by the _not-seen Furies_, -unto the poor Creatures for whom they were intended; and those poor -Creatures were thereupon _Stigmatized_ with them, that they will -bear the Marks of them to their Dying Day. Nor are these the _Tenth -Part_ of the _Prodigies_ that fell out among the Inhabitants of New -England."--_Ibid._, Page 61. If any one, after reading these strongly -expressed Opinions of the learned Doctor, will entertain Doubts, as to -his extreme Credulity and Faith in Witchcraft, it is not likely to be -in human Power to remove them. - -[175] The Cry of "Blasphemer, Sadducee, Infidel, Liar, Slanderer," -&c., &c., could not then, nor at any other Time, alter the Facts so -truly and so succinctly stated here. Against the above is found: "He -insinuates, that our Reverend Ministers make the Devil an _Independent -Being_, and (as he says) _consequently a God_. An abominable -Charge!"--_Some Few Remarks_, 8, 9. See, also, Vol. I, Page 72-3. - -[176] And yet, as inconsistent with Reason as this absurd Stuff is, -it was the generally prevailing Belief, and is thus _defended_ in the -_Some Few Remarks_, P. 8: "The whole Body of the Ministers in the -Country are charged, as Guilty of Sacriledge in the highest Degree, -if not direct Blasphemy, and Diabolical Wickedness." It will at once -be seen that this is as unjust a Charge as Malignity in its Blindness -could invent. Well did our Quaker Poet write, some 17 Years ago: - - "When the Thought of Man is free, - Error fears its lightest Tones; - So the Priest cried 'Sadducee!' - And the People took up Stones." - - -[177] These Notes may fittingly be closed by another Extract from -our amiable Quaker Poet, who seems attentively to have examined the -Characters of both the _Wonders_ and the _More Wonders_: - - "In the solemn Days of Old, - Two Men met in Boston Town-- - One a Merchant Frank and bold, - One a Preacher of renown. - - Cried the last, in bitter Tone-- - 'Prisoner of the Wells of Truth, - Satan's Hireling thou hast sown - With his Tares the Heart of Youth!' - - Spake the honest Merchant then-- - God be Judge 'twixt Thee and I; - All thou knowst of Truth hath been - Unto Men like thee a lie." - - - - -[Illustration] - -APPENDIX. - - -NUMBER I. - -_Examination of Giles Cory._ - -WHY this Examination was not given by Dr. Mather, in his Account of the -Witchcraft, cannot be certainly stated; while it may be conjectured -that it was omitted for one of the two following Reasons: 1st, it may -have been thought not sufficiently damning to the Accused; or, 2dly, -it may have been rejected, as a great Part of the Proceedings was, -for want of Room. It seems not now to be among the Copies of those -Proceedings recently made, or Mr. Woodward would not have omitted it in -his Work. It is given here, as transcribed by Mr. David Pulsifer, for -the Edition of the _More Wonders_, &c., published in Salem by Cushing -& Appleton, in 1823. The previous Edition, of course, does not contain -it.[178] - - The Examination of Giles Cory, at a Court at Salem Village, held by - John Hathorn and Jonathan Curwin, Esqrs., April 19, 1692. - -Giles Cory, you are brought before Authority upon high Suspicion of -sundry Acts of Witchcraft. Now tell us the Truth in this Matter. - -I hope, through the Goodness of God, I shall; for that Matter I never -had no Hand in, in my Life. - -Which of you have seen this Man hurt you? - -Mary Wolcott, Mercy Lewis, Ann Putman, Jr., and Abigail Williams -affirmed he had hurt them. - -Hath he hurt you too? speaking to Elizabeth Hubbard. She going to -answer was prevented by a Fit. - -Benjamin Gold, Hath he hurt you? - -I have seen him several Times, and been hurt after it, but cannot -affirm that it was he. - -Hath he brought the Book to any of you? - -Mary Wolcott and Abigail Williams and others affirmed he had brought -the Book to them. - -Giles Cory, they accuse you, or your Appearance, of hurting them, and -bringing the Book to them. What do you say? Why do you hurt them? Tell -us the Truth. - -I never did hurt them. - -It is your Appearance hurts them, they charge you; tell us. What have -you done? - -I have done nothing to damage them. - -Have you never entered into Contract with the Devil? - -I never did. - -What Temptations have you had? - -I never had Temptations in my Life. - -What! have you done it without Temptations? - -What was the Reason (said Good wife Bibber) that you were frighted in -the Cow-house? And then the Questionist was suddenly seized with a -violent Fit. - -Samuel Braybrook, Goodman Bibber, and his Daughter, testified that he -had told them this Morning that he was frighted in the Cow-house. - -Cory denied it. - -This was not your Appearance but your Person, and you told them so this -Morning. Why do you deny it? - -What did you see me in the Cow-house? - -I never saw nothing but my Cattle. - -Divers witnessed that he told them he was frighted. - -Well, what do you say to these Witnesses? - -What was it frighted you? - -I do not know that ever I spoke the Word in my Life. - -Tell the Truth. What was it frighted you? - -I do not know any Thing that frighted me. - -All the Afflicted were seized now with Fits, and troubled with Pinches. -Then the Court ordered his Hands to be tied. - -What! Is it not enough to act Witchcraft at other Times, but must you -do it now in Face of Authority? - -I am a poor Creature and cannot help it. - -Upon the Motion of his Head again, they had their Heads and Necks -afflicted. - -Why do you tell such wicked Lies against Witnesses, that heard you -speak after this Manner, this very Morning? - -I never saw anything but a black Hog. - -You said that you were stopped once in Prayer; what stopt you? - -I cannot tell. My Wife came towards me and found Fault with me for -saying living to God and dying to Sin. - -What was it frighted you in the Barn? - -I know nothing frighted me there. - -Why there are three Witnesses that heard you say so to-day. - -I do not remember it. - -Thomas Gold testified that he heard him say, that he knew enough -against his Wife, that would do her Business. - -What was that you knew against your Wife? - -Why, that of living to God, and dying to Sin. - -The Marshal and Bibber's Daughter confirmed the same; that he said he -could say that that would do his Wife's Business. - -I have said what I can say to that. - -What was that about your Ox? - -I thought he was hipt. - -What Ointment was that your Wife had when she was seized? You said it -was Ointment she made by Major Gidney's Direction. - -He denied it, and said she had it of Goody Bibber, or from her -Direction. - -Goody Bibber said it is not like that Ointment. - -You said you knew upon your own Knowledge, that she had it of Major -Gidney. - -He denied it. - -Did you not say, when you went to the Ferry with your Wife, you would -not go over to Boston now, for you should come yourself next Week? - -I would not go over because I had not Money. - -The Marshal testified he said as before. - -One of his Hands was let go, and several were afflicted. He held his -Head on one Side, and then the Heads of several of the Afflicted were -held on one Side. He drew in his Cheeks, and the Cheeks of some of the -Afflicted were suckt in. - -John Bibber and his Wife gave in Testimony concerning some Temptations -he had to make away with himself. - -How doth this agree with what you said, that you had no Temptations? - -I meant Temptations to Witchcraft. - -If you can give way to self-murther, that will make way to Temptation -to Witchcraft. - -_Note._--There was Witness by several, that he said he would make away -with himself, and charge his Death upon his Son. - -Goody Bibber testified that the said Cory called said Bibber's Husband, -Damned Devilish Rogue. - -Other vile Expressions testified [to] in open Court by several others. - -Salem Village, April 19, 1692. Mr. Samuel Paris being desired to -take in Writing the Examination of Giles Cory, delivered it in; and -upon hearing the same, and seeing what we did see at the Time of his -Examination, together with the Charge of the afflicted Persons against -him, we committed him to their Majesties Gaol.[179] - - JOHN HATHORN. - - -NUMBER II. - -THE following Ballad, in the Chevy Chase Style, was cut from a -Newspaper sixteen years ago. No one at this Day will probably require -to be informed who was the Author of it, as but _one_ Person probably -_could_ have written it. I have not looked over the Poems of Mr. -Whittier to see if it be there. Any one having an inclination may do -so. The Introduction accompanied it, on its first appearance: - - -The following Ballad is handed in for Preservation as illustrative of -that dark Period in our local History. Giles Corey and his Wife lived -in what is now Danvers, and the Spot is now pointed out on the Estate -of Hon. Daniel P. King where their House formerly stood. The Localities -are fast fading out from Remembrance, and I venture the Suggestion that -it may be in the Province of the Historical Department of our Essex -Institute to mark them by some permanent Monumental Erection.--_Salem -Observer._ - -GILES COREY AND GOODWYFE COREY. - -A BALLAD OF 1692. - - Come all New-England Men - And hearken unto me, - And I will tell what did befalle - Upon ye Gallows Tree. - - In Salem Village was the Place - As I did heare them saye, - And Goodwyfe Corey was her Name - Upon that paynfull Daye: - - This Goody Corey was a Witch - The People did believe, - Afflicting of the Godly Ones - Did make them sadlie Greave. - - There were two pyous Matron Dames - And goodly Maidens Three, - That cryed upon this heynous Witch - As you shall quicklie see. - - Goodwyfe Bibber, she was one, - And Goodwyfe Goodall two, - These were ye sore afflicted ones - By Fyts and Pynchings too: - - And those Three Damsels fair - She worried them full sore, - As all could see upon their Arms - The divers Marks they bore. - - And when before the Magistrates - For Tryall she did stand, - This Wicked Witch did lye to them - While holding up her Hand; - - "I pray you all Good Gentlemen - Come listen unto me, - I never harmed those two Goodwyfes - Nor yet these Children Three:" - - "I call upon my Saviour Lord" - (Blasphemously she sayed) - "As Witness of my Innocence - In this my hour of Need." - - The Godly Ministers were shockt - This Witch-prayer for to hear, - And some did see ye Black Man[180] there - A whispering in her Eare. - - The Magistrates did saye to her - Most surely thou doth lye, - Confess thou here thy hellish Deeds - Or ill Death thou must dye. - - She rent her Cloaths, she tore her Haire, - And lowdly she did crye, - "May Christe forgive mine Enimies - When I am called to dye." - - This Goodwyfe had a Goodman too, - Giles Corey was his Name, - In Salem Gaol they shut him in - With his blasphemous Dame. - - Giles Corey was a Wizzard strong, - A stubborn Wretch was he, - And fitt was he to hang on high - Upon ye Locust Tree: - - So when before ye Magistrates - For tryall he did come, - He would no true Confession make - But was compleatlie dumbe. - - "Giles Corey," said ye Magistrates - "What hast thou heare to pleade - To these who now accuse thy soule - Of Crymes and horrid Deed?" - - Giles Corey--he sayde not a Word, - No single Word spake he: - "Giles Corey," sayth ye Magistrate, - "We'll press it out of thee." - - They got them then a _heavy Beam_, - They layde it on his Breast, - They loaded it with heavy Stones, - And hard upon him prest. - - "More weight," now sayd this wretched Man, - "More weight," again he cryed, - And he did no Confession make - But wickedlie he Dyed. - - Dame Corey lived but six Dayes more, - But six Day's more lived she, - For She was hung at Gallows Hill - Upon ye Locust Tree. - - Rejoyce all true New-England Men, - Let Grace still more abounde, - Go search ye Land with myght and maine - Till all these Imps be founde: - - And that will be a glorious Daye, - A goodlie Sight to see, - When you shall hang these Brands of Fyre - Upon ye Gallows Tree. - - -NUMBER III. - - _Testimony of William Beale, of Marblehead, against Mr. Philip - English of Salem, Given August_ 2_d_, 1692. Taken from - the Original. - -AS Philip English was a Man of a large Estate for those Days, and -carried on an extensive Business, it may be thought singular that Mr. -Calef should make no Mention of his Case in his Work. It may be that -he had not sufficient Data for the Purpose; or, more probably, it -may have been, that for certain Reasons he chose to leave the Matter -in the Hands of the two Ministers of the Old South, who, or one of -whom, had not the Independence to work openly with Mr. Calef, but who, -clandestinely, took the Part of the Accused, and helped him to escape. -However this may have been, so far as Mr. Willard was concerned, -enough will have been seen in Mr. Calef's Work to cause an Agitation -of the Question. And yet, it will appear, from what is to follow, that -Mr. Moody (then with Mr. Willard in the Old South) was the principal -Instrument in the Protection and final Escape of Mr. English and his -Wife from the Jaws of a "blind Ferocity." - -The Testimony of William Beale, which follows was probably contrived by -certain Parties to recover Property owned or claimed by Mr. English. -At the Time of his Arrest, he owned a Ship of 170 Tons, named the -Porcupine, which was commanded by Robert Bartel, whose Son, William -Bartel, was living in 1739, at the Age of 45. - -Mr. English, it is said, was an Episcopalian. Whether his Sentiments -had anything to do with his being proceeded against, does not appear. -He stated that by the Prosecution he was damaged £1,500. A Petition -of his to the Committee appointed by the General Court to compensate -Sufferers may be seen in Mr. Woodward's _Collections_, ii, 233. It is -curious to see now the Awards made to the Survivors of those whose -Mothers and Fathers had been judicially murdered! A few Pounds seems to -have settled the Account. - -What follows, previous to William Beale's Testimony, although once -printed, will be quite new, probably, to the Majority of Readers; and -it is due to the Memory of a persecuted Family to perpetuate it in -Connection with the wicked Attempt at their Ruin. - -About the Year 1810, the Rev. Timothy Alden was engaged in preparing -a Catalogue of Books for the Massachusetts Historical Society. While -in this Employment he procured from the Rev. William Bentley, D.D., of -Salem, the ensuing Account of Mr. English. What led to this Result was -Mr. Alden's Endeavors to obtain Information concerning a Portsmouth -Gentleman. Mr. Alden was then much interested in Portsmouth Affairs. -Dr. Bently proceeds: "In the Times of the Witchcraft in Salem Village, -no Person distinguished for Property, and known in the commercial -World, was accused but Philip English.[181] He came young into America, -from the Island of Jersey, lived in the Family of Mr. Hollingworth, a -rich Inhabitant of Salem, and afterwards married his only Daughter and -Child, Susanna. The Wife had received a better Education than is common -even at this Day [1809], as Proofs I hold sufficiently discover. - -From some Prejudices, as early as April 21st, 1692, she was accused of -Witchcraft, examined, and committed to Prison in Salem. Her Firmness -is memorable. Six Weeks she was confined; but, being visited by a fond -Husband, her Husband was also accused, and confined in the same Prison. -By the Intercession of Friends, and by a Plea that the Prison was -crowded, they were removed to Arnold's Jail in Boston, till the Time of -Trial. - -In Boston, upon giving Bail, they had the Liberty of the Town, only -lodging in Prison. Upon their Arrival, Messrs. Willard and Moodey -visited them, and discovered every Disposition to console them in their -Distress. On the Day before they were to return to Salem for Trial, -Mr. Moodey waited upon them in the Prison, and invited them to publick -Worship. On the Occasion he chose for the Text, IF THEY PERSECUTE YOU -IN ONE CITY, FLEE TO ANOTHER. In the Discourse, with a manly Freedom, -he justified every Attempt to escape from the Forms of Justice, when -Justice was violated in them. After Service Mr. Moodey visited the -Prisoners in the Gaol, and asked Mr. English whether he took Notice of -his Discourse? Mr. English said he did not know whether he had applied -it as he ought, and wished some Conversation upon the Subject. Mr. -Moodey then frankly told him that his Life was in Danger, and he ought -by all means to provide for an Escape. Many, said he, have suffered. -Mr. English then replied, God will not suffer them to hurt me. Upon -this, Mrs. English said to her Husband, Do you not think that they, -who have suffered already, are innocent? He said, Yes. Why then may -not we suffer also? Take Mr. Moody's Advice. Mr. Moody then told Mr. -English, that, if he would not carry his Wife away, he would. He then -informed him, that he had persuaded several worthy Persons in Boston, -to make Provision for their Conveyance out of the Colony; and, that a -Conveyance had been obtained, encouraged by the Governour, Gaoler, &c., -which would come at Midnight, and that proper Recommendations had been -obtained to Gov. Fletcher of New-York; so that he might give himself no -concern about any one Circumstance of the Journey; that all Things were -amply provided. The Governour also gave Letters to Gov. Fletcher, and, -at the Time appointed, Mr. English, his Wife, and Daughter were taken -and conveyed to New York. He found that, before his Arrival, Mr. Moodey -had dispatched Letters, and the Governour, with many private Gentlemen -came out to meet him; and the Governour entertained him at his own -House, and paid him every Attention, while he remained in the City. On -the next Year he returned.[182] - -In all this Business, Mr. Moody openly justified Mr. English, and, -in defiance of all the Prejudices which prevailed, expressed his -Abhorrence of the Measures which had obliged a useful Citizen to flee -from the Executioners. Mr. Moodey was commended by all discerning Men; -but he felt the angry Resentment of the deluded Multitude of his own -Times; among whom, some of high Rank were included. He soon after left -Boston and returned to Portsmouth. - -Mrs. English died in 1694, at 42 Years of Age, in Consequence of the -ungenerous Treatment she had received. Her Husband died at 84 Years of -Age, in 1734. - -This is the Substance of Communications made to me at different -Times from Madam Susanna Hathorne, his great-grand-Daughter, who -died in Salem, 28 August, 1802, at the Age of 80 Years, who received -the Account from the Descendants of Mr. English, who dwelt upon his -Obligations to Mr. Moodey with great Pleasure." - - -William Beale[183] of Marbllee Head, aged upward of Sixty Yeares, -testifieth and saith, that last March past was twelve Moenth, towards -the latter end of the Moenth; then myself beeinge in the House of -George Bonfeilds, of Marbllee Head, whither I repaired, that I might -haue helpe to nurse, or Looke after mee, because of a very greate -and wracking Paine had seized upp on my Body, and the Distemper of -the Small Pox then beeing in my House, and my Son Jamis at the same -Time then in my House, lying sick; then towards the latter End of -that Moenth, Aforesayed, in that House, as I lay in my Bed, in the -Morneinge, presently after it was faiere light abroade in the Roome -where I lay in my Bed, which was layed lowe and neere unto the Fire, -towards the norward part of the Roome; I beeing broade Awake, I then -saw upon the south Iaume [Jamb] of that Chimny, A darke Shade which -couered the Iaume of that Chimney aforesayed, from the under Floore to -the upper Flloore, and alsoe A dar[k]ness more then it was beefore, -in the southerne Part of the House, and alsoe in the Middllee of the -Darkness, in the Shade uppon the Iaume of the Chimny aforesayed, -I beeheld somethinge of the Forme or Shape of A Man. I tooke most -notice of his Legs, because they weere of A very greate Statute, or -Bigness. I wondred at the Sighte, and therefore I turned my Head as I -lay in my Bed, and cast my Eyes towards the south Side of the House, -to see if the Sun weere risen, or whether there weere any Person or -anythinge in the House, which by the help of the Sun might cause such A -Shade or Shape, but I saw non, nor any Lighte of the Sun in that Room -then. I then turned my Head uppon the Pillow, where it was before, -I saw in the darkness aforesayed the plaine Shape or els the Person -of Phillip English of Salem, the which, Reports say, married with -William Hollingworths[184] Daughter of Salem, ackcordinge to my best -Iudgement, Knoledg and Understandinge of him, as I had formerly Knoledg -and Ackyuaintance with him, my Coniecktures of him and these Passages -aforesayed were as followeth: what is this Mans buisness heere now? I -remember not that euer I bought or sold with him, either more or less, -or which way came hee hither, so soone this Morneinge, by Land or by -Water; or hath he been at Marbllee Head all Nighte? And then laboreing -to correckt my [Thoughts] not to thinke that hee was A Wich, and -flyinge to our Omnipotent Jehouah for his Blessing and Protecktion, by -secret Eiaculations, instantly the Roome, aforesayed, became cleare, -and the Shape, Shade, or Person vanished; and this was about the Time -News was brought to mee in the Morning, that my Son James was very -like to recover of the Small Pox, which I left at Home sick; and the -same Day, in the After noone, came News that hee was suddenly strooke -with A Paine on his Side, and did not expect to liue three Houres; and -according to my Iudgment, before three Houres weere ended, Newes came -that he was departed this Life, at which Docktor Iackson, which was -his Docktor, and William Dagget, which was his Nurse, both of Marbllee -Head, told mee that they Admired and Wondred; and it was not many -Moenths before, that my Son George Beale, departed this Life in the -same House, and complained of A stoping in his Throate, after he was -recouered of the Small Pox. Hee deceased Ianuary the 23 before my Son -Eames decease aforesayde. - - Marbllee Head Attested to this Truth by - Agust the 2_cond_ mee WILLIAM BEALE. - 1692 - - -Far[ther] this Deponent testifieth that in the Springe of the Yeare -before the New England Forces went for Cannady, Phillip English -aforesayed, came into a Neighbors House where this Deponent then was -present, and then in a fawning and flattering Manner, sayed to me: You -are him which can give mee A good Evidence in shewing mee the Bounds -of my Land. This Deponent replyed, and sayed, I know not of any you -have; Phillip English replyed yes you doe, and If you will I[le pay] -you well. I have a Peice of eighte in my Pocket for you, and named -A Peice of Land ly[ing] a certaine Distance from my House, which I -think Mr. Richard Reede[185] of Marblle [Head] was then and is now -in Possession of it; this Deponent replyed, doe not tell mee of your -Peice of eight, for If I bee called, I must give Evidence against -you, and told him what I must say; at which hee seemed to bee moued, -and told me that I lyed, with more Discourse aboute [it,] and so then -wee departed. Then the next [Feb?] ensuing, which was about the Time -that the Forces began to com from Cannady, I then haueing heard that -Phillip English aforesayd, had arrested Mr. Reade aforesayde, about -the Land aforesayde, I then, as I thought it my Duty in Concience, -ackquainted Mr. Reeds Son with what I could say concerninge the Titllee -of the Lande aforesayed, and withall told him of Witness, as namely -Thomas Farrar Senr,[186] of Linn; then afterward uppon their Request I -rode to Lin and at Lin Mill there I found Thomas Farare, aforesayed, -and as wee rode alonge Lin Commons there beetwixt the Reuerende Mr. -Sheapards House and Mr. Leytons, then beinge in discourse aboute the -Titllee of the Lande aforesayed, my Nose gushed out bleedeinge in -a most extrordinary manner; so that I bllodyed a Hankershiff of an -considerablle biggness, and allsoe ran downe uppon my Cloaths and uppon -my Horse Mane. I lighted of my Hors thinking the iodginge [jogging] of -my Horse mighte cause it; but it kept on, Allthough not alltog[eth]er -so bad, till I came to Mr. Reades at Marbllee head, and it hath not -blead as I can remember neuer since I was a Boy, exept about that time, -nor since that time, exept by Ackcident that it was hurt. - -Thiese Things that are set downe last were before the former Euidence. - - WILLIAM - BEALE - -Owned the aboue written before the Grand Iury vpon the Oath hee had -taken in Covrt - - Jenʳʸ 12th, 1692. - - Robert Payne - Foreman. - - -NUMBER IV. - -ON a first and cursory Perusal of the Examination of the Indian Woman -belonging to Mr. Parris's Family, it was concluded not to Print it, and -only refer to it; that is, only refer to the Extract from it contained -in the HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF BOSTON. But when the Editorial -labor upon these Volumes was nearly completed, a reperusal of that -Examination was made, and the result determined the Editor to give it a -place in this Appendix. His opinion of it, and of those who procured it -of the simple Indian, has been expressed in a previous Page. - -The Examination is valuable on several accounts, the Chief of which -is the Light it throws on the Commencement of the Delusion. It does -not appear that either Dr. Mather or Mr. Calef ever saw it, or their -Accounts of the Beginning of the Transactions would have been more -explicitly stated. The Original (now for the first time Printed,[187]) -came into the Editor's Hands some five and twenty Year's since. It is -more extensive than any of the Examinations yet brought to light. This -is accounted for by its being the First of that cruel and senseless -Series of illegal Proceedings which ended in so much Agony, Distress, -Wretchedness and Blood. - -This Examination, more, perhaps, than any of the rest, exhibits the -atrocious Method employed by the Examinant of causing the poor, -ignorant Accused to own and acknowledge Things put into their Mouths -by a manner of questioning as much to be condemned as Perjury itself; -inasmuch as it was sure to produce that Crime. In this Case the -Examined was taken from Jail and placed upon the Stand, and was soon -so confused that she could scarcely know what to say; while it is -evident that all of her Answers were at first true, because direct, -straightforward, and reasonable. The Strangeness of the Questions -and the long Persistence of the Questioners could lead to no other -result but the confounding of what little Understanding the Accused was -at best possessed of. Hence this Record of incoherent Nonsense here -submitted; and of the same tenor was nearly all the Evidence used, -which took away the Lives of numbers of innocent People. - -The Examination was before Messrs. Hathorne and Corwin. The Former -took down the result, which is all in his peculiar Chirography. The -first Proceeding printed in Mr. Woodward's Collection, having relation -to the Witchcraft affair, is a Warrant for the Apprehension of Sarah -Good, and is dated Feb. 29th, 169½.[188] On the next Day, March 1st, -the Constable, George Locker, made Return, that he had brought the said -"Saragh Good," &c. Whether she were present at Tituba's Examination, -does not appear; while the Documents show that the Apprehension of -Sarah Good, and the Examination of Tituba were on the same Day. - - -Tittube the Indian Woman Examined, March. 1. 169½. - -Q. Why doe you hurt these poor Children? What harme haue thay done -unto you? A. They doe noe harme to mee. I noe hurt them att all. Q. -Why have you done itt? A. I haue done nothing. I cant tell when the -Devill works. Q. What, doth the Devill tell you that he hurts them? A. -Noe. He tells me nothing. Q. Doe you never see something appeare in -some Shape? A. Noe, never see any thing. Q. What Familiarity have you -with the Devill, or what is itt that you converse withall? Tell the -Truth, whoe itt is that hurts them? A. The Devill, for ought I know. Q. -What Appearance, or how doth he appeare when he hurts them with what -Shape, or what is he like, that hurts them A. Like a Man, I think. -Yesterday, I being in the Leantoe Chamber, I saw a Thing like a Man, -that tould me searve him, and I tould him Noe, I would nott doe such -Thing. She charges Goody Osburne and Sarah Good, as those that hurt -them Children, and would have had hir done itt: she sayth she hath seen -foure, two of which she knew nott; she saw them last Night, as she was -washing the Roome. They tould me hurt the Children, and would haue had -me gone to Boston. Ther was 5 of them with the Man. They tould me if -I would nott goe and hurt them they would doe soe to mee. Att first I -did agree with them, but afterward I tould them I doe soe noe more. Q. -Would they have had you hurt the Children the last Night? A. Yes, butt -I was sorry, and I sayd I would doe soe noe more, but tould I would -Feare God. Q. Butt why did nott you doe soe before? A. Why they tell -me I had done soe before, and therefore, I must goe on. These were the -4 woemen, and the Man, but she knew none but Osburne and Good, only; -the other were of Boston. Q. Att first beginning with them, what then -appeared to you; what was itt like, that gott you to doe itt? A. One -like a Man, Just as I was goeing to sleep, came to me. This was when -the Children was first hurt. He sayd he would kill the Children, and -she would never be well; and he sayd, If I would nott serue him he -would doe soe to mee. Q. Is that the same Man that appeared before to -you? that appeared the last Night and tould you this? A. Yes. Q. what -other Likenesses besides a Man hath appeared to you? A. Sometimes like -a Hogge, sometimes like a great black Dogge, foure tymes. Q. But what -did they say unto you? A. They tould me serve him, and that was a good -way; that was the black Dogge. I tould him I was afrayd. He tould me he -would be worse then to me. Q. What did you say to him then, after that? -A. I answer, I will serve you noe Longer. He tould me he would doe me -hurt then. Q. What other Creatures have you seen? A. A Bird. Q. What -Bird? A. A little yellow Bird. Q. Where doth itt keep? A. With the Man -whoe hath pretty Things more besides. Q. What other pretty Things? A. -He hath nott showed them unto me, but he said he would showe them me to -morrow, and tould me if I would serve him, I should have the Bird. Q. -What other Creatures did you see? A. I saw 2 Catts, one Red, another -Black, as bigge as a little Dogge. Q. What did these Catts doe? A. I -dont know. I have seen them two tymes. Q. What did they Say? A. They -Say, Serve them. Q. When did you see them? A. I saw them last Night. Q. -Did they do any hurt to you or threaten you? A. They did Scratch me. -Q. When? A. After prayer; and Scratched me because I would not serve -hir. And when they went away I could nott see, but thay stood before -the Fire. Q. What Service doe thay expect from you? A. They say more -hurt to the Children. Q. How did you pinch them when you hurt them? A. -The other pull mee and hall me to pinch the Childe, and I am very sorry -For itt? Q. Whatt made you hould your Arme when you were searched? What -had you there? A. I had nothing. Q. Do nott those Catts suck you? A. -Noe, never yett. I would nott lett them. But they had almost thrust me -into the Fire. Q. How doe you hurt those that you pinch? Doe you gett -those Catts, or other Things to doe itt for you? Tell us, how is itt -done? A. The Man sends the Catts to me, and bids me pinch them; and I -think I went once to Mr. Griggs's, and have pinched hir this Day in the -Morneing. The Man brought Mr. Griggs's Mayd to me, and made me pinch -hir. Q. Did you ever goe with these Woemen? A. They are very strong, -and pull me, and make me goe with them. Q. Where did you goe? A. Up to -Mr. Putnams, and make me hurt the Child. Q. Whoe did make you goe? A. A -Man that is very strong, and these two woemen, Good, and Osburne, but I -am sorry. Q. How did you goe? Whatt doe you Ride upon? A. I Ride upon -a Stick, or Poale, and Good, and Osburne behind me; we Ride takeing -hold of one another; don't know how we goe, for I saw noe Trees, nor -Path, but was presently there, when wee were up. Q. How long since you -began to pinch Mr. Parris's Children? A. I did nott pinch them att the -First, but thay made me afterward. Q. Have you seen Good, and Osburne -Ride upon a Poule? A. Yes, and have held Fast by mee: I was nott att -Mr. Griggs's but once, butt it may be send something like mee; neither -would I have gone, butt that they tell me, they will hurt me. Last -Night they Tell me I must kill some body with the Knife. Q. Who were -they that Told you Soe? A. Sarah Good, and Osburne, and they would -have had me killed Thomas Putnam's Child last Night. The Child alsoe -affirmed, that att the same Tyme, thay would have had hir Cutt of hir -own Head; for if she would nott, they Tould hir Tittubee would Cutt itt -off; and then she Complayned att the same Time of a Knife Cutting of -hir. When hir Master hath asked hir about these Things, She Sayth thay -will nott lett hir Tell, but Tell hir if she Tells, hir Head shall be -Cutt off. Q. Who Tells you soe? A. The Man, Good, and Osburnes Wife. -Goody Good Came to hir last Night, when her Master was att Prayer, and -would nott lett hir hear, and she Could nott hear a good whyle. Good -hath one of those Birds, the yellow Bird, and would have given mee itt, -but I would not have itt: and in Prayer Tyme she stoped my Eares and -would nott lett me hear. Q. What should you have done with itt. A. Give -itt to the Children, which yellow Bird hath bin severall Tymes seen by -the Children. I saw Sarah Good have itt on hir Hand, when she Came to -hir, when Mr. Parris was att prayer: I saw the Bird suck Good betweene -the fore Finger and Long Finger, upon the Right Hand. Q. Did you never -practise Witchcraft in your owne Country? A. Noe. Never before now. Q. -Did you see them doe itt now? A. Yes. To Day; but twas in the Morning. -Q. Butt did you see them doe itt now, while you are Examininge? A. Noe, -I did nott See them, but I Saw them hurt att other Tymes. I saw Good -have a Catt beside the yellow Bird, which was with hir. Q. What hath -Osburne gott to goe with hir? A. Some thing I don't know what itt is. -I can't name itt. I don't know how itt looks. She hath two of them. -One of them hath Wings, and two Leggs, and a Head like a Woeman. The -Children Saw the Same butt Yesterday, which afterward Turned into a -Woeman. Q. What is the Other Thing that Goody Osburne hath? A. A Thing -all over hairy; all the Face hayry, and a long Nose, and I don't know -how to tell how the Face looks; with Two Leggs, itt goeth uprighte, -and is about Two or three Foot high, and goeth upright like a Man; -and last Night itt Stood before the Fire, in Mr. Parris's Hall. Q. -Whoe was that appeared like a Wolfe to Hubbard, as she was goeing from -Proctures? A. Itt was Sarah Good, and I saw hir send the Wolfe to hir. -Q. What Cloathes doth the Man appeare unto you in? A. Black Cloaths, -sometimes, sometimes Searge Coat of other Couler; a Tall Man with white -hayr, I think. Q. What Aparrell doe the Woemen ware? A. I don't know -what Couller. Q. What kind of Cloathes hath She? A. A black silk Hood, -with a white Silk Hood under itt, with Sopknotts, which Woeman I know -not, but have seen hir in Boston, when I lived there. Q. What Cloathes -the little Woman? A. a Searge Coat with a white Cap, as I think. The -Children having Fitts at this very Time, She was asked, whoe hurt -them? She Answers Goody Good; and the Children affirmed the same; butt -Hubbard being taken in an Extreame Fitt; after, she was asked, whoe -hurt hir? and she sayd she Could nott tell, butt Sayd they blinded hir, -and would not lett hir see, and after that, was once or twice taken -dumb hir self. - - -Second Examination. March. 2. 169½. - -Q. What Covenant did you make with that Man that came to you? What did -he tell you. A. He tell me he God, and I must beleive him, and serve -him six Yeares, and he would give me many fine Things. Q. How longe -a goue was this? A. About six Weeks, and a little more; Fryday Night -before Abigall was Ill. Q. What did he say you must doe more? Did he -say you must write any Thing? Did he offer you any Paper? A. Yes, the -next Time he come to me, and showed me some fine Things; some Thing -like Creatures; a little Bird, some Thing like green and white. Q. Did -you promise him this when he spake to you? Then what did you answer -him. A. I then Sayd this, I tould him I Could nott beleive him God; -I tould him I ask my Maister, and would have gone up, but he stopt -mee, and would nott lett me. Q. Whatt did you promiss him? A. The -first Tyme I beleive him God, and then he was Glad. Q. What did he say -to you then? What did he say you must doe? A. Then he tell me they -must meet together. Q. When did he say you must meet together? A. He -tell me Weddnesday next, att my masters House, and then they all meet -together, and thatt Night I saw them all stand in the Corner, all four -of them, and the Man stand behind mee, and take hold of mee, to make -mee stand still in the Hall. Q. Whare was your Master then? A. In the -other Roome. Q. What Time of Night? A. A little before prayer Time. -Q. What did this Man say to you when he took hold of you? A. He say -goe into the other Room and see the Children, and doe hurt to them, -and Pinch them; and then I went in, and would nott hurt them a good -while; I would nott hurt Betty, I loved Betty, but they hall me and -make me pinch Betty, and the next Abigall, and then quickly went away -altogether a[fter] I had pinch them. Q. Did you goe into that Room -in your own Person, and all the rest? A. Yes, and my Master did nott -see us, for they would nott lett my Master see. Q. Did you goe with -the Company? A. Noe, I stayd and the Man stayd with mee. Q. What did -he then to you? A. He tell me my Master goe to Prayer, and he read in -Book, and he ask me what I remember, but don't you remember any thing? -Q. Did he ask you noe more but the frst Time to serve him, or the -second time? A. Yes, he ask me againe, and if I serve him six yeares -and he Come the Next Time, and show mee a Book. Q. And when would he -come then? A. The next Fyday, and showed me a Book in the Day Time, -betimes in the Morning. Q. And what Booke did he bring, a great or -little Booke? A. He did nott show itt me, nor would nott, but had itt -in his Pockett. Q. Did he nott make you write your Name? A. Noe, nott -yett, for my Mistris Called me into the other Roome. Q. Whatt did he -say you must do in that Book? A. He sayd, Write, and sett my name to -itt. Q. Did you Write? A. Yes, once I made a Marke in the Book, and -made itt with red like Bloud. Q. Did he gett itt out of your Body? A. -He said he must gett itt out. The Next Time he Come againe he give me a -Pin, tyed in a Stick, to doe itt with, butt he noe lett me Bloud with -itt as yett, butt Intended another Time, when he came again. Q. Did -you see any other Marks in his Book? A. Yes, a great many, some Marks -Red, some Yellow, he opened his Book, and a great many Marks in itt. Q. -Did he tell you the Names of them? A. Yes, of two, noe more; Good, and -Osburne, and he say they make them Marks in that Book, and he shewed -them mee. Q. How many Marks doe you think there was? A. Nine. Q. Did -thay write there Names? A. They made Marks, Goody Good sayd she made -hir Mark, but Goody Osburne would nott tell; she was Cross to mee. Q. -When did Good tell you she sett hir Hand to the Book? The same Day I -came hither to Prison? Q. Did you see the Man thatt Morning? A. Yes, a -litle in the Morning, and he tell me the Magistrates Come up to examine -me. Q. What did he say you must say? A. He tell me, tell nothing, if I -did he would cutt my Head off. Q. Tell us true how many Woemen doe use -to come when you Rid abroad? A. Foure of them, these two, Osburne, and -Good, and those two Strangers. Q. You say that there was Nine. Did he -tell you whoe they were? A. Noe, he noe lett me see, but he tell me I -should see them the next Tyme. Q. What Sights did you see? A. I see a -Man, a Dogge, a Hogge, and two Catts, a Black and Red; and the strange -Monster was Osburnes, that I mentioed before; this was the Hayry Imp: -the Man would give itt to mee, but I would nott have itt. Q. Did he -show you in the Book which was Osburns and which was Goods Mark? A. -Yes, I see there Marks. Q. Butt did he tell the Names of the other? -A. Noe sir. Q. And what did he say to you when you made your Mark? A. -He sayed Serve mee, and always serve mee. The Man with the two Woemen -Came from Boston. Q. How many times did you goe to Boston? A. I was -goeing and then Came back againe. I was never att Boston. Q. Whoe Came -back with you againe? A. The Man came back with mee, and the Woemen -goe away; I was nott willing to goe. Q. How farr did you goe, to what -Towne? A. I never went to any Towne. I see noe Trees, noe Towne. Q. Did -he tell you where the Nine Lived? A. Yes, some in Boston, and some here -in this Towne, but he would nott tell mee whoe thay were. - - -NUMBER V. - - _The Examination of Mary Clark[189] of Haverhill. Taken before Jno. - Hauthorn, Esq. and otheir their Majesties Justices of the Peace, - August_ 4_th,_ 1692. - -THE Accused, Mary Clark, being called, it was enquired of Mary Walcot, -if ever Clark had afflicted her? She answered Yes, that is the very -woman. And, upon Mary Clarks looking upon Walcott, and others of the -afflicted, they were struck into Fitts. - -The Justices having used severall Arguments (for the Good of her -Soul) to confess, if she knew herself guilty. She absolutely denyed. -And then the Constable[190] of Haverhill was called; and being asked -of what Fame and Reputation Mary Clark was off? He answered they had -heard she was or had been guilty of such Things, but, as to any Thing -in Particular, he could not say. The Justices asked Mary Walcot if she -were not mistaken in this Woman? Walcot answered, This is the very -Woman I saw afflict Timothy Swan,[191] and she has afflicted me several -Times. And after a Fitt she was then immediately in, she said she saw -the above Mary Clark afflict Betty Hubbard, and Ann Putnam. - -The said Mary Clark looking upon Walcott, Hubbard, Putnam, Warrin, they -were in Fitts. - -Mary Walcott haveing a Pinn runn into her Arme suddenly, said that Mary -Clark did it. - -At the same Tyme Mary Warrin had a Pinn run into her Throat, under her -Chin, which Mr. Noice took out. - -Susanna Sheldon, upon said Examination, had four Pinns taken out of her -Hand; saying that said Clark put in two of them, and Mr. Usher[192] the -other two. - -Mary Post[193] said she saw the said Clark afflict Timothy Swan. - -Richard Carryer, a former Confessor said he beleeved he saw the said -Mary Clark with some others and himself baptised at Newburry Falls. - -Betty Hubbard[194] was struck down, by her looking upon her. - -It was asked, if she could say the Lords Prayer, perfectly. - -She erred much. - -Ann Putnam said that said Clark had afflicted her by pinching, -choakeing, and striking her in the Face, and told her, that her Name -was Mistriss Mary Clark, but that People used to call her Goody Clark. - -Ann Putnam said further, that she saw the said Clark stabb Timothy Swan -with a square ragged Speare, as long as her Hand. And, being asked why -she called it a _ragged_ Speare, she said because it was ragged like a -File. - -Mary Post said she saw this Mary Clarks Spirit at the Village -Witch-meeting, and that she did eat and drink there as the rest did. -And further, she has seen the said Mary Clark afflict Timothy Swan. - -I, underwritten, being appoynted by Authority, to take the within -Examination, in Wryting, Doe testify upon Oath, taken in Court, -that this is a true Coppy of the Substance of it, to the best of my -Knowledge. - -[_All of the Above is in the Hand of Edward Rawson. There is no -Signature attached._] - - -NUMBER VI. - - _An Account of the Life and Character of the Rev. Samuel Parris, of - Salem Village, and of his Connection with the Witchcraft Delusion - of_ 1692. - -BY SAMUEL P. FOWLER, ESQUIRE.[195] - -MR. Parris, whose History is so intimately connected with the Salem -Witchcraft Delusion of 1692, was a Son of Thomas Parris of London, -and was born in 1653. He was a Member of Harvard College, but did not -graduate at that Institution. He was at first a Merchant in Boston, -but not succeeding in Business he left it, and offered himself as a -Candidate for the Ministry. - -The People at Salem Village being without a Pastor, on the 15th of -November, 1688, sent a Committee, consisting of three Persons, viz: -Captain John Putnam, Mr. Joshua Rea, Sen., and Francis Nurse, "to treat -with Mr. Parris about taking ministerial Office." Nothing was done -however at this Meeting towards effecting a Settlement, and on the 25th -of November, after the Services in the Afternoon, the Audience was -stayed, and by a general Vote, requested Mr. Parris to take Office. On -the 10th of December, 1688, the Brethren of the Church, sent Lieut. -Nath'l Putnam, Sergeant Fuller, Mr. Joshua Rea, Sen., and Sergeant -Ingersoll, who came, they said, "as Messengers to know whether Mr. -Parris would accept of Office." He replied, "ye Work was weighty, they -should know in due Time." After this, several came on like Errands, but -as yet, no Proposals of Maintenance were tendered. - -On the 29th of April, 1689, Deacons Nath'l Ingersoll and Edward Putnam, -Daniel Rea, Thomas Fuller, Jr., and John Tarbell, came to Mr. Parris, -from the meeting House, where there had been a general Meeting of the -Inhabitants, and said, "being the aged Men had had the Matter of Mr. -Parris's Settlement so long in Hand, and effected nothing, they were -desirous to try what the Younger could do." Upon Mr. Parris's asking -them what their Will was, they answered "they were sent, by ye People -to desire him to take Office, and had concluded to offer him sixty -Pounds for his Salary." Twenty Pounds of which, was to be in Money, -and the Remainder as follows: Wheat at 4 Shillings per Bushel, Indian -Corn at 2 Shillings per Bushel, Barley, Rye and Malt at 3 Shillings per -Bushel, Pork at 2 Pence per. Pound, Beef at 1½ Pence per. Pound. - -The Committee being desirous of a speedy Answer, Mr. Parris informed -them, that he would accept of their Proposals, provided they would -comply with the following Provisions for his Maintenance: 1st, "When -Money shall be more plenteous, the Money Part to be paid me, shall -accordingly be increased. 2d, Tho' Corn or like Provisions should arise -to a higher Price than you have set, yet for my own Family Use, I -shall have what is needful, at ye Price now stated; and so if it fall -lower. 3d, The whole sixty Pounds to be only from our Inhabitants, -that are dwelling in our Bounds, or proportionable to what Lands they -have, within ye same. 4th, No Provision to be brought in, without -just asking whether needed, and myself to make choice of what, unless -ye Person is unable to pay in any Sort but one. 5th, Fire Wood to be -given in yearly freely. 6th, Two Men to be chosen yearly to see that -due Payments be made. 7th, Contributions each Sabbath in Papers, and -only such as are in Papers, and dwelling within in our Bounds, to be -accounted as Part of the sixty Pounds. 8th, As God shall please to -bless ye Place, so as to be able to rise higher, than ye said sixty -Pounds, that then a proportionable Increase be made. If God shall -please for our Sins to diminish the Substance of said Place, I will -endeavour accordingly to bear such Losses, by proportionable Abatements -of such as shall reasonably desire it." - -These Proposals of Mr. Parris to the Committee were read to them and -accepted, and they expressed their Belief, that the Inhabitants would -approve of them. But it would seem that at a Meeting of the People of -the Village, May 17th, 1689, Mr. Parris was sent for, when Objections -were made against the 5th and 7th Provisions of his Settlement. -"Touching the 5th it was objected, they had no Commons, and therefore -could not conveniently give in Fire Wood, because some must bring in -half Cord, others more, others less, &c. Therefore they would allow six -Pounds per annum, one third Money, which would buy 30 Cords, as they -had dealt by former Ministers." Parris replied, he was willing to ease -them, but then he desired, that one of them would take the six Pounds -annually, and furnish him with 30 Cords of Wood, to which Proposal he -found none of them willing to consent. He then told them, if he did -accept the six Pounds, it might in Time be insufficient to purchase 30 -Cords of Wood. In reply to the Fears of Parris in regard to the Rise -of the Price of Wood, he says, I had a general Answer from many that -at four Shillings per Cord, I should be supplied during my Life among -them. He continues, after much urging, I replied I would try them for -one Year. Mr. Parris says: "touching his 7th Provision, nothing at -the Time was said or objected against Contributions by Papers, for it -had been their former usual Way, but only against those, that dwelled -within their Bounds, they urging that some did not live within their -Bounds, yet they were constant Hearers, and therefore it was meet to -have their Help." - -"In fine, after much Agitation here, it was agreed on my Part and -theirs, that such out Persons had Liberty to please themselves, in -paying to the Minister or the meeting House. And so I left them, fully -acquiescing with my aforesaid Conditions, not doubting but that they -had truly entered it on the Records, as I took for granted, nor heard -any Thing otherwise, till after my Ordination a good while, in another -public Meeting of the Village; when another Vote, recorded and read, -vastly different from the Agreement, as above said--which I then openly -did, and still must deny, to be any Contract of mine." - -We have now presented Mr. Parris's Account, of the Transactions between -himself and the People of Salem Village, in regard to his Settlement. -This was drawn up by him, and used upon his Trial before the Court of -Common Pleas at Ipswich in 1696-7. We have been thus particular in -Relation to the Settlement of Mr. Parris at Salem Village, it being -one of the Causes, which led to the most bitter parochial Quarrel, -that ever existed in New-England, and in the Opinion of some Persons, -was the chief or primary Cause of that world-wide famous Delusion, the -Salem Witchcraft. - -Salem Village, since embraced in the Parish of Rev. Dr. Milton P. -Braman, in Danvers, Massachusetts, was, on the 19th of November, 1689 -(when the Rev. Samuel Parris entered upon his Duties there as a Pastor -and Teacher,) a small Hamlet or Village, inhabited principally by -Farmers, but embracing within its Limits, much adjoining Territory, -extending its Lines to Wills Hill, now Middleton, there being many -Families who attended Worship at Salem Village. The number of rateable -Polls in the Parish was 100. It appears, from the Records, that Mr. -Parris presented to his Church, upon his Settlement, a new Covenant and -Form of Admission for its Members, together with the Question, who were -the proper Subjects of Baptism? These caused some Debate in the Church, -but none opposed the final Action upon them. Some singular and unusual -Cases of Discipline came before them, but they appeared to have been -disposed of peaceably. It was not until the 8th of October, 1691, that -we discover any unfriendly feeling, existing between Mr. Parris and -his People. It was on that Day, he says in his Church Records,--"Being -my Lecture Day after public Service was ended, I was so bare of Fire -Wood, that I was forced publicly to desire the Inhabitants to take -Care that I might be provided for, telling them, had it not been for -Mr. Corwin (who had brought Wood, being here at my House), I should -hardly have had any to burn." Upon the Pastor's informing the Church -of his Destitution of Fire Wood, the Brethren raised a Committee, who -were instructed to see the Town Committee, and desire them to make a -Rate for the Minister. The Committee on Rates met November 10th, 1691, -and reported that they did not see good Cause to take Notice of the -Church Committee, without they had a Letter to show, under the Church -and Pastor's Hand. Upon this, Mr. Parris complained of the Treatment -of the Committee towards him, but more especially the Church, whom -he said manifested an indifference in this Affair. The Committee, -whose Business it was to raise a Tax to procure the Pastor's Wood, -still continuing to refuse to do it, on the 27th of December, 1691, -a Petition was sent to the Quarter Sessions, wherein the Petitioners -complain, that "no Reparations of the Village Meeting House has been -for a great while regarded, so that broken Windows, stopt up some of -them by Boards or otherwise, and others wide open, and is sometimes so -dark, that it is almost _unuseful_." The Court, upon this Petition, -appointed a Meeting of the Inhabitants of the Village, to choose a new -Committee to meet on the 25th of January, 1692, for the Purpose of -assessing Rates to repair the meeting House, and procure the Pastor's -Wood. The Inhabitants of the Village met on that Day, and made choice -of Joseph Pope, Joseph Holten, Jr., John Tarbell, Thomas Preston, and -James Smith, as their Committee. - -This is the last we hear about this Affair of procuring Wood, &c., -probably all further Consideration of it was absorbed in the great -Witchcraft Delusion, which was now close at Hand, and about to break -forth. - -We are now brought to the Period of the Commencement of Salem -Witchcraft, as it first developed itself in the Family of Samuel -Parris, Minister at Salem Village in 1692. - -Mr. Parris's Household consisted, at this Time, of himself and -Wife, his age being 39 Years, that of his Wife 44 Years, a Daughter -Elizabeth, aged nine Years, a Niece of eleven Years by the Name of -Abigail Williams, and two Servants named John Indian, and Tituba his -Wife, both Natives of South America, then called New Spain. These were -held as Slaves, and Parris probably came into possession of them in -some of his Commercial Transactions. By some Persons, these Indians -have been supposed to belong to the Aborigines of our Country and to -have obtained their knowledge of Witchcraft from the Indian Powows; but -this appears to have been a mistake. Mr. Parris's nearest Neighbors -were Capt. Jona. Walcut, who had a Daughter called Mary, 17 years of -Age, and his Parish Clerk. Thomas Putnam, who had a Daughter named Ann, -aged 12 Years, and a servant Girl, living with him, named Mercey Lewis -aged 17 Years, Mary Warren, aged 20 Years, lived with John Proctor, -Elizabeth Booth, aged 18 Years, lived near to John Proctor, Sarah -Churchill, aged 20 Years, lived in the Family of Geo. Jacobs, Sen., -Susannah Sheldon, aged 18 Years, lived in the Village. These Girls, -together with Abigail Williams, a Niece of Mr. Parris, aged 11 Years, -were in the Habit of meeting in a Circle in the Village, to practice -Palmistry, Fortune Telling, &c. It appears by Evidence, given at the -Courts, that some of their Parents and Guardians did not approve of -these Meetings. Mary Warren, one of the most Violent of the accusing -Girls, lived as we have before said, with John Proctor, and at last -became his principal Accuser, upon his examination for Witchcraft. -Proctor, out of all Patience with the Meetings of the Girls, composing -this Circle, one Day said he "was a going to the Village to bring Mary -Warren, the Jade, Home; for, if let alone, these Girls would make us -all _Devils and Witches together quickley_. They should rather be had -to the Whipping Post; but he would fetch his Jade Home, and thrash -the Devil out of her." Proctor said, when Mary Warren was first taken -with Fits, he kept her close to the Wheel, and threatened to thrash -her, and then she had no more Fits; but the next Day, he being gone -from Home, she had her Fits again. If the accusing Girls had been dealt -with as John Proctor would have had them, we probably should have had -a short Story to tell, about Salem Witchcraft. It is at the Meeting of -this Circle of eight Girls, for the purpose of practising Palmistry -and Fortune Telling, that we discover the Germ, or the first Origin of -the Delusion. We have endeavored to follow them after the Excitement -had subsided, for the Purpose of ascertaining their Character in after -Life. One only of this Circle, Ann Putnam, confessed her Folly, and -sought Forgiveness. Some of them grew up Licentious in their Habits, -and all of them appear to have sought Obscurity. Their whole Course, -as seen in their Depositions, discloses much Malignancy, and their -Ignorance was so great, that of the Eight accusing Girls, Six of them -signed their Names with a Cross. - -It was in the latter End of February, 1692, that the Daughter of -Mr. Parris, named Elizabeth, aged 9 Years, together with his Niece, -Abigail Williams, aged 12 Years, were taken Sick and received such -attention from Mrs. Parris as their Case seemed to require. But growing -worse under her Treatment, and not being able to ascertain what their -Disease was, application was made to their Family Physician, Dr. Gregg, -living in the Village. He visited them, and observed that they were -afflicted with a sad Distemper, the Name of which he could not tell. -Other Physicians were called in, in Consultation, when one of them -gave it as his Opinion, that the Children were under an evil Hand. It -is probable that it was Dr. Gregg that supposed the Girls bewitched, -for he had expressed the same Opinion of many of his Patients when he -could not understand their Disease, many times before. It is highly -probable that the Opinion of these Physicians went far to form the -Belief of not only Parris, but also of his ministerial Friends, in the -Existence of Witchcraft in the Village. Mr. Parris appears to have been -much astonished, when the Physicians informed him, that his Daughter -and Niece were, no doubt, under an evil Hand. There is Evidence that -Mr. Parris endeavored to keep the Opinion of the Physicians a Secret, -at least, till he could determine what Course to pursue. At this Time, -Mary Sibley, a Member of his Church, gave directions to John Indian -how to find out, who bewitched Betsy Parris and Nabby Williams. This -was done without the Knowledge of Parris. The Means used to make -this Discovery, was to make a Cake of Rye Meal, with the Urine of -the Children, and Bake it in the Ashes, and give it to a Dog to eat. -Similar disgusting Practices appear to have been used to discover and -kill Witches, during the whole Period of the Delusion. - -On the 27th of March, 1692, Mr. Parris called together his Church, -when he presented Testimony against the Error of sister Mary Sibley, -in giving direction to John Indian in an unwarrantable Way, to find -out Witches. Upon Mary Sibley's manifesting Sorrow and Grief for her -Conduct, the Brethren of the Church received Satisfaction. By the -diabolical Means thus used by Mary Sibley, Mr. Parris supposed the -Devil had been raised, and seeing the apparent distressed Condition -of his Family, and not knowing what Course to pursue, requested -some worthy Gentlemen of Salem, and some neighboring Ministers to -consult together at his House; who when they came, and had inquired -diligently into the Sufferings of the Afflicted, concluded they were -Preternatural, and feared the Hand of Satan was in them. The Advice -given to Parris by them was, that he should sit still and wait upon -the Providence of God, to see what Time might discover; and to be much -in Prayer for the Discovery of what was yet secret. They also examined -Tituba, who confessed the making a Cake, and said her Mistress in her -own Country was a Witch, and had taught her some Means to be used for -the Discovery of a Witch, and for the Prevention of being bewitched, -&c. But said she herself, was not a Witch. Soon after this, there were -two or three private Fasts at Parris's House, one of which was kept by -the neighboring Ministers, and another in Public at the Village. And -one general Fast, by Order of the General Court, observed throughout -the Colony, to seek the Lord, that he would rebuke Satan, and be a -Light unto his People in this Day of Darkness. - -It is evident from the Account given by Rev. John Hale, who was an -Eye Witness to many of the Transactions at Salem Village, and one of -the Ministers called for Consultation, that Mr. Parris proceeded with -Caution at the Commencement of the Troubles, and was anxious to seek -Council and Advice. He likewise wished to inform himself on the Subject -of Witchcraft, and for that Purpose received as a Loan from Dea. Robert -Sanderson, of Boston, a Copy of Perkins' Works, which treated upon that -Subject. - -We are among those who believe Mr. Parris was honest in his Belief -in Witchcraft, and that he was not moved in this Affair by personal -Malice, or the Desire to promote the Cause of Religion in his Parish, -as has been supposed by the Author of the History of Danvers. We have -not as yet, found a Particle of Evidence, that he entertained ill Will -against those who were accused and executed. - -Mr. Parris, in common with his ministerial Brethren, appears to have -come, after the Confession of Tituba, to the full Conclusion, that -Witchcraft had broken out in his Parish, and that the Devil had -commenced his Operations in his own Family; and as a faithful Pastor, -he should not hesitate, for a Moment, to grapple with the Enemy. - -It was in this Point of View, that we discover the Courage of the -People of Salem Village, who were engaged in opposing what they -considered the Machinations of the Devil--they supposing that he was -the Cause, operating through the Agency of Witches, of all the Torture -and Misery they beheld, and that, by their Opposition, they were liable -also to suffer from his Malignancy. They believed, also, that the Devil -was about to establish an Agency, or Kingdom in New England; and had -actually commenced Operations in Salem Village. This, Cotton Mather, -Parris, and others, were determined should not be done, at least if -they could help it. There was some very singular Evidence given at -the Courts on this Point. Ann Foster, of Andover, a confessing Witch, -testified at her Examination, July 21, 1692, "that she was at a Witch -Meeting at the Village, where there was a large Number of Witches -present, and that the principal Discourse at this Gathering, was in -regard to the setting up of the Devil's Kingdom at the Village, and -making it their Rendezvous!" And another confessing Witch testified, at -a subsequent Meeting, that they had, by an unanimous Vote, concluded -to set up the Devil's Kingdom at Salem Village--it being thought, all -Things considered, the most suitable Place to begin the Enterprise, -and, by so doing, they were in Hopes it would spread over New England. -This was solemnly and religiously believed by many, and it required -Courage and Pluck to stand up and resist the Designs of a powerful, -malicious Being, capable, as they supposed, of tormenting them in -various Ways, destroying their Cattle, &c. - -Parris appears to have been very desirous of preventing his Daughter, -Elizabeth, from participating in the Excitement at the Village. She was -sent by her Father, at the Commencement of the Delusion, to reside at -Salem with Capt. Stephen Sewall. While there, the Captain and his Wife -were much discouraged in effecting a Cure, as she continued to have -sore Fits. Elizabeth said that the great _black Man_, came to her, and -told her, if she would be ruled by him, she should have whatsoever she -desired, and go to a _Golden City_. She related this to Mrs. Sewall, -who immediately told the Child it was the Devil, and he was a Liar, and -bid her tell him so if he came to her again; which she did accordingly -the next Time the black Man came to her. The Devil, it would seem, -unaccustomed, in those Days, to experience such Resistance, and utterly -astonished at the cool Impudence of Betsy Parris, never troubled her -afterwards; and,--although this Girl was one of the first Originators -of the Witchcraft Delusion, in connection with her Cousin Abigail -Williams,--she appears to have had, afterwards, but little to do with -Witchcraft. This arose in Consequence of following the sage Advice of -Mrs. Sewall, in getting rid of the Devil; or, what was more probable, -in her Father taking her from the weekly Circle of accusing and -bewitching Girls, and placing her in a very respectable Family in Salem. - -It has been said that Parris had a Rival in Rev. George Burroughs, who -had Friends in Salem Village, desirous of his Settlement; and that that -was a sufficient Reason why Parris should appear at the Courts against -him. We have never seen any Proof of this Rivalship between these -Clergymen. It is difficult now to ascertain the Cause of the Arrest of -Burroughs who was preaching at Wells, at the Time, in his Pulpit. The -Girl who accused him of bewitching her, was Mercy Lewis, who was then -living with Thomas Putnam. She formerly lived with Burroughs, when he -preached at the Village; and, upon one or more Occasions, he whipped -her severely. This we suspect was the true Cause of her crying out -against him. - -It had been said that Rebecca Nurse was an Object of special Hatred -to Parris; but this we have failed to discover. We cannot imagine the -Cause of the alleged Complaint of Witchcraft against Rebecca Nurse. She -appears to have been an amiable and exemplary Woman, and well educated -for the Times in which she lived. We suspect, from an Examination -of the Charges brought against her at the Courts, that she had -several Times severely rebuked the accusing Girls for their Folly and -Wickedness, when meeting in their Circles. In this Way, she probably -incurred the Displeasure of Ann Putnam and her Mother--her principal -Accusers. Mr. Parris has often been accused of being over Officious, -and a swift Witness against the Accused at the Courts. Parris could -not be said to have been a chief Witness in the Prosecutions, although -he may be said to have been a frequent corroborating Witness with his -Neighbors. The chief Witnesses were the accusing Girls, as they were -called. At the preliminary Examinations before the Magistrates, Parris -and others were required to be present when the Depositions were taken -down, as related by the Girls, and afterwards made use of at the Trials -before the Courts. - -These being given in and related by Children, and young Persons, the -Court required an Endorsement from some older Persons, who witnessed -their supposed Afflictions, and could attest to their Depositions. It -is in this Way Mr. Parris's Name, as well as his Neighbors, frequently -appear in the Court Documents. Parris appears to have been frequently -at the Examinations of those accused of Witchcraft, and put Questions -to those on Trial. He also acted as a Recorder to the Magistrates more -frequently than others. The Reason for his being often employed by the -Courts was simply because he was requested to do so, and was discovered -to be well qualified for that Purpose. We have seen the Records of -several Persons thus employed, and should say Parris's was the Best. It -was his Practice to take down the Examinations in short Hand,--he being -a good Stenographer,--and then write them out in full, in a plain, -legible Hand. - -We have not been able to discover the Cause of the alleged Complaint -of Witchcraft, against those three excellent Women, viz: Rebecca -Nurse, Mary Easty, and Sarah Cloyce. They were Sisters, of a good -Education, and fair Reputation. It is not to be denied, that the Part -Parris took in the Trials of these Women, was the chief Cause of the -Opposition towards him, and led at last to his Dismission from the -People at the Village. His principal Opposers were the Relatives of -these three unfortunate Sisters. Samuel Nurse, a Son of Rebecca Nurse, -John Tarbell, who had married her Daughter, and Peter Cloyce, who had -married Sarah Cloyce. These three Persons, together with one Thomas -Williams, after the Execution of Rebecca Nurse and Mary Easty, and the -Imprisonment of Sarah Cloyce, became much dissatisfied with Parris, -and sought Advice of the Elders in some of the neighboring Churches, -as to the best Mode of bringing him before a Council to answer for his -Conduct in the Witchcraft Delusion. They were Members of the Village -Church, and had for some Time neglected Public Worship on the Sabbath, -and absented themselves from the Communion. While these discontented -Brethren were considering what Course to pursue against their Pastor, -Parris, either in order to divert their Proceedings from himself, or to -administer Discipline, on the 14th of August, 1692, caused the Church -to be stayed, and entered a Complaint against Samuel Nurse and Wife, -John Tarbell and Wife, and Peter Cloyce, for absenting themselves from -the Communion. This Complaint was entered by the Church, and Brother -Nathaniel Putnam, and the two Deacons were chosen to be joined with the -Pastor to discourse with the Absentees. Much Time was spent by this -Committee, in endeavoring to obtain Satisfaction from the offending -Brethren;--while on the other Hand, they were striving by all the Means -in their Power, to bring Parris before a Council. At last, on the -16th of February, 1693, at a Meeting of the Committee of the Church, -the Dissenting Brethren gave their Reasons for withdrawing from the -Communion. - -"Whereas we, Thomas Williams, and John Tarbell, and Samuel Nurse, -having a long Time gone under the Burden of great Grievances, by Reason -of some unwarrantable Actings of Mr. Parris, as we esteem them, and -were proceeding in an orderly Way, to obtain Satisfaction from him, -and had taken some Steps thereunto, according to the Advice of some -neighboring Elders. But obstructive to our Proceedings therein, Mr. -Parris and some Brethren of the Church, were appointed by the Church, -to demand a Reason of us, of our withdrawing from Communion. The -Regularity of which Proceeding, we do not understand, because in this -Case, we esteem ourselves to be Plaintiffs and Parties offended, and in -an orderly Way, seeking Satisfaction, tho' hitherto denied. Our Answer -to the Church is, that we esteem ourselves hereby prevented in our -Duty, which we account a Grievance, seeing we were first in Prosecution -of the Rule of our Lord Jesus Christ, laid down in Mathew 18 C., 15, -16 vs. Wherefore, if the Church give us the Liberty and Freedom of -attending our Duty, as according to Rule bound, possibly then further -Trouble may be prevented, or otherwise, the Case will necessarily and -regularly come before them. But if they deny us the Request, we shall, -as in Duty bound, give the Reasons of our Proceedings to the Church, or -any others, when orderly demanded." - -Parris says, in the Records of the Church, "that these displeased -Brethren were told in Reply to their Communication, that they did -ill to reflect on the Church, who, as also the Pastor, were ignorant -of their Methods, and that they should have spoken with the Pastor -himself, before they went to consult neighboring Elders. But to this -Last they pleaded Ignorance. So we gave Way to their Request of -proceeding orderly." - -On the 27th of March, 1693, the dissenting Brethren handed to the -Pastor the following Document:-- - -"To our Pastor and Minister, Mr. Samuel Parris, of Salem Village, and -to some others of the Plantation. We, whose Names are underwritten, -being deeply sensible, that those uncomfortable Differences that are -amongst us, are very dishonorable to God, and a Scandal to Religion, -and very uncomfortable to ourselves, and an ill Example to those, who -may come after us. And by our maintaining and upholding Differences, -that are amongst us, we do but gratify the Devil, the great Adversary -to our Souls. For the Removal of which we have thought meet to proffer -our present Thoughts to your serious Consideration, hoping, that -there may be such Methods propounded, as may be for the settling and -confirming Peace and Unity amongst us, both at the Present and for the -Future. And our Desires are, that such a Foundation may be laid for -Peace and Truth, that the Gates of Hell may not prevail against it. And -in Order thereunto, Solomon adviseth Counsel; and our Desires are, that -a Council of Elders may be chosen, to hear all our Grievances between -Mr. Parris and us, and determine where the blameable Cause is. And we -hope, that their Wisdom and Prudence may direct us to such a Method, as -may be for our Comfort for both Present and Future." - -Much Time was spent by the Committee of the Church, in endeavoring to -obtain Satisfaction from the dissenting Brethren, while the Latter -were striving by all the Means in their Power, to bring Parris before -a Council. At last, on the 16th of February, 1693, at a Meeting of the -Committee, the dissenting Brethren gave their Reasons for withdrawing -from the Ministry at the Village. They are the following.[196] - -After the Pastor had read the Charges against him, he brought forward -his "Meditations for Peace." This Paper, having been considered at the -Time as an Acknowledgment of his Mistakes in the Witchcraft Delusion, -we have given it entire. It is as follows.[197] - -Notwithstanding the discontented Brethren continued to press the -Acceptance of their Petition, for a mutual Council. Parris refused to -notice it, and says, "I put it up in my Pocket, and told them I would -consider it." It appears, by the Records, that the Acknowledgment of -Mr. Parris was first read before the Church, November, 18, 1694, in the -Presence of the dissenting Brethren, when Tarbell remarked, that if -the Pastor had formerly made but _half the Acknowledgment he now had_, -it had never come to this. It would seem that the Acknowledgment of -the Pastor was not satisfactory to the Brethren, and they continued to -persist in the calling of a Council. In the Meantime, Parris brought -sundry Objections, as he called them, against Tarbell and his Friends, -which were read before the Church, November 13th. These Objections, -were as follows:--"Their precipitant, schismatical and total -withdrawing from the Church; Their bringing forward a factious Libel to -the Pastor, consisting of Calumnies, or Reflections on said Minister, -and others of the Plantation; their impetuous Pursuit of the Minister -at his House, for Answer to said Libel to his great Disquietude; -there restless Pursuit of the Minister, on the 14th of April, 1693, -for an Answer to said Libel; their persisting with great Heat, that -their Charge might be read, yea loudly and fiercely before the whole -Brotherhood, clamouring against the Church, and their publishing under -their own Hands, in divers Places of the Country, sundry Obloquies -against the Church; their ensnaring several to join them in a Petition -to his Excellency and General Court, scandalizing the Church and -Minister, as unpeaceable with their Neighbors; their withdrawing their -Purses, as well as their Persons from upholding the Lord's Table, and -the Ministry; their gross Mistake in their Letter to the Church at -Malden, wherein they profess so much Dissatisfaction with the Doctrine, -Practice and Administration of their Pastor, for above a Year, before -the Date of said Letter, as that they were forced to withdraw from -all public Worship; whereas it is most notorious, that they were not -wanting as to a Profession of much Respect to their Pastor, all along -before, yea, and a considerable while after the breaking out of the -late horrid Witchcraft." These are some of the Charges brought against -the three Brethren by Parris, and he informs us, "as soon as the public -Reading of these Articles was ended, Brother Thomas Wilkins, in a -scoffing and contemptuous Way, said openly, 'this is a large Epistle.'" -It would seem by the Records, that the dissenting Brethren continued to -make strenuous Efforts to bring Parris before a Council, which was at -last recommended by the Pastors of the Churches in the Neighborhood, -when Parris in his last Attempt to evade it, proposed to give the -discontented Brethren, a Dismission to some other orthodox Church, -to which Tarbell replied, "Aye, if we could find a Way to remove our -Living too." After a Delay of more than two Years, the Church consented -to call a Council, who met at the Village, April 3d, 1695. Dr. Increase -Mather was chosen Moderator, and offered the following Report, which -was accepted by the Council, and presented to the Church:--1st, They -unanimously declared that "we judge that altho' in the late and dark -Time of the Confusions, wherein Satan had obtained a more than ordinary -Liberty to sift this Plantation, there were sundry unwarrantable -and uncomfortable Steps taken, by Mr. Samuel Parris, the Pastor of -the Church in Salem Village, then under the hurrying Distractions of -amazing Afflictions; yet the said Mr. Parris, by the good Hand of God, -brought unto a better Sense of Things, hath so fully expressed it, that -a Christian Charity may, and should, receive Satisfaction therewith. 2, -They advised the dissenting Brethren to accept the Satisfaction, which -he had tendered in his Christian Acknowledgment of the Errors therein -committed, and in case Mr. Parris finds after all, that he can not with -any Comfort and Service, continue in his present Station, his Removal -from thence, will not expose him to any hard Character with us. Having -observed that there is, in Salem Village, a Spirit full of Contention -and Animosity, too sadly verifying the Blemish, which hath heretofore -lain upon them; and that some Complaints against Mr. Parris have been -either causeless or groundless, or unduly aggravated, we do, in the -Name and Fear of the Lord, solemnly warn them to consider whether, if -they continue to devoure one another, it will not be Bitterness in the -latter End." - -The Recommendation of the Council appears to have been satisfactory -to the Friends of Mr. Parris and the Pastor was resolved to continue -in the Ministry. At the same Time, the Report of the Council was -unsatisfactory to those Persons opposed to Mr. Parris, as it did -not recommend his Dismission; accordingly, on the 3d Day of May, -1695, a Paper, signed by 16 young Men, 52 Householders and 18 Church -Members, was handed to the Rev. Elders, composing the late Council -at the Village, requesting them to give Parris's Case a rehearing, -and more plainly advise the Pastor to cease his Labors, and seek to -dispose himself elsewhere, &c. On the 6th of May, 1695, in Answer to -the Opponents of Mr. Parris, the Council sent a Letter to the Pastor, -informing him of the Extent of the Opposition to his Ministry, and -advising him to come away from his present Station, and unite in -calling another Minister, and forgiving and forgetting all former -Grievances. - -Mr. Parris appears to have been nettled with the last Recommendation -of the Council for him to leave his Parish, and says, in the Church -Records, under his own Hand, that the Paper (in Answer to the -Instrument and _classical_ Letter from Cambridge) was brought by Deacon -Putnam to the Elders, assembled at Boston, at Mr. Willard's, May 29th, -1695, being the Day of Election after Dinner, when was assembled the -Body of Elders, belonging to this Province. This Paper was addressed -to the Rev. Mr. Increase Mather and others of the Rev. Elders, which -lately met at Cambridge, under Date of May 20th, 1695, and signed by 53 -Householders and 52 Church members, all belonging to Salem Village. In -this Letter, they say, that the Removing of Mr. Parris from his present -Station will not unite us in calling another Minister. That they justly -fear, should he be removed, they would be left, as a Sheep, without a -Shepherd. Therefore they desire, that Mr. Parris may continue in his -present Station. - -The Council appear to have been at last fully satisfied that Mr. Parris -should leave Salem Village, and they therefore procured a Parish for -him in Suffield, and sent two Messengers from that Church, to persuade -the Church at Salem Village to dismiss their Pastor. Parris informs us, -in his Church Records, that at a Meeting of the Church, held at his -House, June 3d, 1695, he acquainted the Brethren, that here were two -Messengers from Suffield, who were looking out for a Minister, and by -the Desire of some Elders in Boston, made application to him, and was -willing to go with them, if the Brethren pleased, and in his Absence -for a few Months, they might try if they could (with others who now -dissented,) unite in some other Minister. But, after several Hours -debate, both with the Brethren, and some other Christian Neighbors, -they all declared an Averseness to his Motion. Thereupon thanking them -for their professed Love to him, he told them, he was not free to go, -without their Consent, and seeing they would not let him go, he prayed -for them _to keep him, and make much of him_. The same Day, June 3d, -1695, the Church sent the following decisive Letter to Rev. Increase -and Cotton Mather, saying, "we cannot fault ye Intendment of our -Brethren Sergent David Winchell, and Corporal Victory Sikes, Messengers -from Suffield, sent by yourselves to obtain the Ministry of our Pastor -if we were so minded, as to part with him. But upon maturing together, -this Day both of Church and others, to consult that Affair, do hereby -signify at the Desire of the above Suffield Messengers, with unanimous -Agreement, not one excepted--(save the Four known Dissenters) we are -resolved--_God helping against such a Separation during our ability to -prevent it_. And our Pastor tho' otherwise inclined, yet as unwilling -to leave so many of his Flock, as testify so strong Affections towards -him. So earnestly requesting the constant Helps of your Prayers, and as -much otherwise as you can, we rest, worthy and much esteemed Sirs, your -needy Brethren. - - SAMUEL PARRIS, Pastor, - in the Name of the Church and other Christian - Neighbors. - - To the Rev. Mr. Increase Mather - and Mr. Cotton Mather, Jun., Boston." - -It does not appear that there were any more Efforts made by the Boston -Elders, to bring about a Reconciliation; and it seems that there was -always a Majority of the Parish in Favor of Mr. Parris, remaining with -them; and there appears to have been a very general Mistake, with many -Authors, in Regard to his Dismission from his People, they, supposing -that he was hastily driven away from the Village. Whereas he continued -and maintained himself through a ministerial Quarrel of five Years, -until he saw fit to discontinue it, when he informed his Church of his -Intentions. - -There were three distinct Matters of Dispute between Parris and his -People at Salem Village. The First arose previous to the Breaking -out of the Witchcraft Delusion, in Consequence of the Neglect of his -Parish to furnish him with the stipulated Supply of 30 Cords of Wood -per Annum. The second Dispute with the four Dissenting Brethren of -the Church, arose in Consequence of the Course pursued by Parris in -Regard to Witchcraft. The Third, was in Consequence of his claiming the -Parsonage and Lands, under a vote of the Inhabitants of the Village, -and their Refusing to pay him his Arrears due him, on his old Lists -of Rates. These three Disputes, caused a long and continued Quarrel, -which at last attracted the People far and near--was a grave Matter -for learned Councils, was brought before the County Courts, and was -a Subject for Petition before the great and General Court at Boston. -After it was understood that Parris was to leave the People at the -Village, and that he claimed the Parsonage, a fierce Quarrel arose -between him and the Inhabitants, which was carried before the Court at -Ipswich. - -The Matter, without being settled, was taken from the Courts, and -given to Wait Winthrop, Elisha Cook, and Samuel Sewall, Esqrs., and -they decided "that Mr. Parris should have some of his Arrears paid him, -also a sum of Money for his Repairs of the ministerial House, and be -dismissed from Salem Village." - -It was during his greatest Difficulties with his People, that he lost -his Wife by Death. This occurred on the 14th of July, 1696. She was -buried in the Wadsworth burial Ground, in Danvers, where can be seen -a gray Slate Stone,--a fine Specimen of the lapidary Art,--with its -Lines as sharp as on the Day when they were first cut, erected over -her Grave, on which is the following Inscription, with the Initials of -Samuel Parris at the Bottom:-- - - "Sleep precious Dust, no stranger now to Rest, - Thou hast thy longed wish, within Abraham's Brest-- - Farwell Best Wife, Choice Mother, Neighbor, Friend, - We'll wail the less, for hopes of the in the end." S. P. - -After his Dismission from Salem Village he removed to Concord, -Massachusetts, where he lived in 1705; and 1711, preached six Months -in Dunstable. He died at Sudbury, February 27th, 1720; Mrs. Dorothy -Parris, his second Wife, died there on the 6th of September, 1719. The -following are the Children of Mr. Parris:--Elizabeth, who was married -to Benj. Barnes, at Concord, January 13th, 1710; Dorothy, married -Hopestill Brown, of Sudbury, 1718, and died March 4th, 1725; Samuel, -who was a Deacon of a Church in Sudbury, died November 22d, 1792, aged -91 Years; Noyes, graduated at Harvard College, 1721, was deranged, and -supported by the Town; Mary, married Peter Bent, of Sudbury, April -18th, 1727. - -[Eleven Years after the Death of Mr. Parris, the following -Advertisement appeared. Whether his Descendants acted upon the -Suggestion contained in it, the Editor is not informed.] - - "Any Person, who knew Mr. Samuel Parris, formerly of Barbadoes, - afterwards of Boston, in New-England, Merchant, and after that, - Minister at Salem Village, &c., deceas'd, to be a Son of Thomas - Parris, of the Island afore said, Esqr,--who deceased 1673, or sole - Heir by Will to his Estate in said Island,--are desired to give or - send Notice thereof to the Printer of this Paper; and it shall be - for their Advantage." - - [_Boston News-Letter, No. 1433, July_ 15_th_, 1731. - -[Illustration] - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[178] As will be seen, Mr. Pulsifer modernized the Orthography, while -we have corrected the Punctuation, in a few Instances, and capitalized -it agreeable to our previous uniform Old Style. - -[179] It does not appear that these Minutes of Examination were read to -the Accused; or that any Opportunity was afforded him to correct any -Misstatements which the biassed Scribe might have made, carelessly or -purposely; while, viewing the Case as it stands, it seems incredible -that the Accused could have been thought deserving of even a lenient -Reprimand. Too humiliating for Contemplation! - -[180] Satan. - -[181] This Opinion of the Doctor may be questioned, so long as we do -not know by what Standard he measured Wealth at that Time. - -[182] Mr. English was arrested by Jacob Manning, the Deputy Marshal, -31 May, 1692. Mrs. English was committed on April 22d, preceding. The -Time of their Transfer to Boston, I do not find; but Mr. English was -in Prison about nine Weeks. Hence it is inferred that their Escape was -about the first of August following. See Felt, _Annals of Salem_, ii, -479. - -[183] Of this Person, I have not attempted to add anything to what is -contained in Lewis's _Lynn_ and Savage's _Dictionary_. Perhaps he was -wise enough to keep out of the Way of Philip English after his Return. - -[184] Mr. Savage says that Mr. Hollingworth's Name was _Richard_. -Beale, though apparently much wanting in Sense, may be supposed to have -known the given Name of a prominent Man like Hollingworth, with whom he -was probably well acquainted. It seems however, that Beale confounded -the Name of the Son with that of the Father. The Hollingworth Family -came to Salem in 1635. The Name is often since spelt _Hollingsworth_. -See _Founders of N. Eng._ P. 40. - -[185] For some Account of him, consult the _History of the Reed -Family_, by J. W. Reed, Esq. published 1861, Page 42. - -[186] In the _N. Eng. Hist. and Gen. Reg._ Vol. VI, Page 316, some -Account of this Individual will be found. - -[187] A brief and garbled Extract is among the Records, not dated, but -placed after the "29th of March, 169½"! - -[188] The Papers inserted in the Records previous to this are, of -course, out of place, as they are of a later Date. A Rearrangement, or -Recompilation of the Witchcraft Papers must at sometime be made. - -[189] There was a large Family of _Clarks_ early at Haverhill. To what -Family this injured Woman belonged, my Materials do not disclose. - -[190] In 1687, Joseph Peasely was chosen Constable, but there is no -certainty that he exercised the Office in 1692. John Ayer, Jr., shared -the Duties. See Chase, _Hist. Haverhill_, 145. - -[191] Like the Clarks, the _Swan_ Family was extensive at Haverhill; -but Mr. Chase did not find a Timothy. - -[192] Perhaps Mr. Hezekiah, of Boston. It may be he to whom Mr. Calef -refers in his _Postscript_. See Page 154, _original paging_. - -[193] I do not find the Name of Post in Mr. Chase's _Haverhill_. There -was a Family at Woburn; and, according to Mr. Savage, John Post, of -that Town, had by Wife Mary Tyler, a Daughter Mary, born 1664, who may -have been this Witness. - -[194] The same who has been so often mentioned as Elizabeth Hubbard. In -the next Article of this Appendix she is particularly noticed. - -[195] Mr. Fowler has very kindly placed this highly valuable Article at -the Editor's Disposal. It was originally read before the _Essex Inst't._ - -[196] Being the Same contained in Mr. Calef's Part Third, are omitted -here. See Vol. II, P. 140-3; or Pages 55-7, original Edition. - -[197] See Vol. II, P. 143-8, where this Paper is given entire. - - - - -NOTE BY THE EDITOR. - - -WHEN this Edition of the _More Wonders_ had passed through the Press, -the Publisher brought in the following ERRATA, which, it seems, had -been inserted in some Copies of the original Edition; and, although -several of the Errors are quite immaterial, and others have been -corrected in the Process of Revision, yet it was thought best to insert -it here entire. - -Mr. Woodward informs the Editor, that he copied it from a Copy of -Mr. Calef's Work in the Library of the Massachusetts Hist. Society, -which once belonged to Dr. COTTON MATHER, and afterwards to Dr. Jeremy -Belknap. Hence it is very probable that this Copy was presented to -Dr. Mather by the Author. However this may have been, the following -Extract, written in Dr. Mather's own Hand in the same Volume, seems odd -indeed: - -"Job, xxxi, 35, 36. My Desire is, _that_ mine Adversary had written a -Book. Surely I would take it upon my Shoulder, and bind it as a Crown -to me." - - "CO. MATHER." - -ERRATA. - - [The Reference is to the Pages of the original Edition; being those - of the inner Margin of this Edition.] - -THE Pages from 48 to 57 may be corrected with the Pen as also in the -Preface 7 Lines from the End instead of use read me. P. 3. L. 17. f. -furiously r. seriously P. 13. L. 2. f. fruitful r. faithful. P. 16 L. -3 from the Bottom f. me r. Mr. P. 18. L. 6. f. drawing r. chaining. -P. 28. L. 13. the Word More to be left out. P. 49. L. 12. r. the -Ancients did worship. P. 52. L. 9. r. the more nearly. P. 55. L. 14. f. -unaccountable r. uncomfortable. P. 61. L. 26. after the Word propose r. - -I. That if yourselves please to take the Trouble with Patience once -more to hear the Case and give full Liberty of proving, &c. to the Word -Place. - -P. 63. L. 3. f. proved r. procured P. 65. L. 25. f. dear. r. clear. - -P. 85. L. 20. r. best learn. P. 93. L. 12. f. sucking r. suckling. - -P. 94. L. 22. r. Mercy Lewis. P. 98. L. 16. Nathaniel Cary. - -P. 106. L. 31. r. up the Hill. P. 143. L. 8. f. flew r. fled. - -P. 152 L. 26. f. that he r. he that. - -ERRATA, _in the present Edition_.--Vol. i, P. 102, Note 114, f. -credulous, r. incredulous. P. 110, L. 11, for on r. out. P. 189, N. -174, r. Dr. Felt. Vol. iii, P. 184, L. 1, r. James. - - - - -[Illustration] - -INDEX. - - -NOTE.--As the small Roman Numerals in this Index denote both the -Volumes and the Pages of the Introductions, those who consult it -may observe, that when the Introductory Pages are referred to, the -Reference to the Volume is in large or Roman Capitals:--For Example, I, -xx, refer to the first Volume, and to Page 20 of the Introduction to -the same Volume; II, xxii, refer to Volume second, and Page 22 of that -Volume. - - -ABBOT, Benjamin, 195, iii, 116, 117. - -Abbot, Nehemiah, 191. - -Abbot, Sarah, 196, iii, 117. - -Acosta, Joseph, 201. - -Addington, Isaac, 26, iii, 15, 133. - -Ady, ----, a Writer against Witchcraft, iii, 74. - -Alcot, Job, appointed Counsellor, 26. - -Alden, John, Jr., II, xxiv; tried and imprisoned, iii, 26; his -Narrative, 26-8; Bail refused, 30; escapes, _ib._; cleared by -Proclamation, 128. - -Alden, Timothy, iii, 177, 178. - -Allen, James, 108, 151, iii, 40. - -Allen, John, sees one of the Accused fly in the Air, i, 177; his Oxen -bewitched, iii, 93. - -Allen, William, cited, 7. - -Ambrose, Isaac, on the Devil, 56. - -America, a squallid, horid Desart, 13; of what Use is it, 46; some -hopeful Symptoms of, 97; ever to be in the Devil's Hands? _ib._; -Spirits common to be seen Day and Night in, ii, 116. - -Andover, People of, bewitched, iii, 117, 120, 121, 125, 126. - -Andrew, Daniel, ii, 159, iii, 44; Joseph, 105; Sarah, _ib._ - -Andrews, Thomas, iii, 107. - -Andros, Edmund, Sir, I, lxxxi. - -Andrus, Silas, I, xcii. - -Angels, evil ones, ii, 32, 43, 75; Notions concerning, 187-8. - -Apparition, of those Murdered, 34; of the Devil, 79; of Mr. Beacon, -136-7; Accusers at Trials, 155; their Charges confessed, 188-9; -Witnesses, iii, 106. - -Appleton, Samuel, 26, iii, 15. - -Arnold, John, Jailor of Boston, iii, 20, 179. - -Arnold, Margaret, 145. - -Ashurst, Henry, Sir, I, vi; Agent for Massachusetts, iii, 148-9. - -Astrology, injudiciously regarded, 122, 238. - -Atkinson, John, Witness against Martin, 178; Sarah, 184; John's Cow -bewitched, iii, 94; Sarah, is amazed, _at nothing_, 100. - -Attaballipa, his Fate, iii, 138-9. - -Austin, sweet spirited, 27. - -Aves, Samuel, ii, 68. - -Ayer, John, Jr., iii, 196. - - -BACHELOR, John, Apology of, iii, 135. - -Bailey, John, iii, 40; Constable, 113. - -Bailey, N., his Definition of Witchcraft, I, xiii. - -Baker, ----, Sister to Ann Putnam, iii, 11. - -Balch, Benj. Jr., Wife Elizabeth, swears against Mrs. Bishop, iii, 78. - -Ballantine, John, II, xxii. - -Ballard, Joseph, iii, 51; Brother John, _ib._, 113; Operations to -discover Witches, 55; Witnesses, 126. - -Baptism by the Devil, Ceremony of, iii, 113. - -Bare, John, Searcher for Witchteats, iii, 39. - -Barker, Abigail, signed a Recantation, iii, 57. - -Barnard, John, II, xxi; prays at Witch Examinations, iii, 56. - -Barnes, Benjamin, iii, 221. - -Bartel, Robert, Capt., iii, 178. - -Barton, James, II, xxiii. - -Bates, William, Extract from, ii, 113-14. - -Baxter, Richard, I, xxx; on Memorable Providences, 10, 141; thanks C. -Mather, ii, 43; quoted, 45; his ungainsayable Book, 86; cure of Church -Divisions, 111; commends I. Mather, 113; his Ideas of a Devil and -Witch, &c., 113-119; his Work the Effect of aged Imbecility, 119. - -Bayley, Mrs., Sister to Ann Putnam, iii, 11. - -Beacon, Joseph, 136, 137. - -Beale, William, swears against Mr. English, iii, 177-86; Son dies, 182, -183. - -Belknap, Jeremy, referred to, ii, 85. - -Belzebub, Works ascribed to, iii, 163. - -Bent, Peter, of Sudbury, iii, 221. - -Benom, Mistress, accused, iii, 130. - -Bent, Mr., ----, iii, 100. - -Bentley, William, D. D., on P. English, iii, 179-81. - -Bereans, reference to, ii, 3. - -Bernard, Richard, on detecting Witches, 45-6; Remarks on, ii, 12; Calef -on, 56; how did the Jews manage without him, iii, 165. - -Bibber, John, Witness against Giles Cory, iii, 172. - -Bibber, Sarah, iii, 8; swears against Mrs. Nurse, 11; against Mr. -Burroughs, 62; against Cory, 170. - -Billerica, People of, bewitched, iii, 118. - -Bishop, Bridget, Trial of, 163; what her Shape did, 164; her Coat torn -while Invisible, 165; her Poppets discovered, 173; Teats found upon -her, 174; accused ten Years before, 208; long reputed a Witch, iii, 31; -Executed, _ib._; Copy of her Indictment, 74; others, 75-6; Trial of, -77-80; why called Oliver, 78; has a preternatural Teat, which vanished, -88. - -Bishop, Edward, iii, 11; and Wife Sarah, committed, 16; why cried out -on, 17; escape from Prison, 49; his Sow bewitched, 81-2. - -Bishop, Samuel, iii, 49; had married a Putnam, _ib._ - -Black-art taught by the Devil, I, xii. - -Black, Mary, arrested, iii, 16. - -Blackmore, Richard, Sir, I, lxxvi. - -Black Pig, one appears to John Louder, iii, 85-6. - -Blazdel, [Henry?] 181, iii, 97. - -Bligh, (Bly,) John, swears against Mrs. Bishop, 167, iii, 81-2, 88. - -Bligh, William, 173, iii, 76, 78, 82, 88. - -Blount, Thomas, Definition of Witchcraft, I, xii-xiii. - -Bocking, Jane, 142. - -Bodin, John, Writer on Demonology, ii, 6, 117. - -Bohun, Edmund, Licencer, I, cii. - -Booth, Elizabeth, iii, 16, 204. - -Boxford, Witchcraft in, iii, 126. - -Boynton, Joseph, ii, 151. - -Bradbury, Mary, condemned, iii, 44. - -Bradford, William, 26. - -Bradley, Samuel, II, xxvii. - -Bradstreet, John, accused, iii, 52; makes his escape, 53. - -Bradstreet, Simon, 26, ii, 85, iii, 52, 145-6; Dudley commits accused, -iii, 52. - -Brattle, Thomas, Letter to, ii, 85-92; William, 108. - -Braybrook, Samuel, iii, 7; accuses Giles Cory, 170. - -Bridges, James, iii, 126. - -Bridgham, Joseph, ii, 151. - -Bridgman, Orlando, Sir, 141. - -Brimstone, horrid Scent of, 121; without a Metaphor, 122; a Flood of, -ii, 4; used in tormenting, ii, 33; scalded with, 47; smelt in Margaret -Rule's Case, 53. - -Brinley, George, I, viii. - -Brown, Hopestill, iii, 221. - -Brown, William, Witness, 182; his Wife sees Susannah Martin vanish, -iii, 99; some Devil bewitches her, _ib._ - -Bunyan, John, I, xxi. - -Burder, George, I, lxxix. - -Burnet, Bishop, 140. - -Burroughs, George, 151; Charges against, 153; childish Accusations -against, 154; alleged Confusion, 155; accused of Murders, 156; Ghosts -of his Wives, 157; his Promises to induce People to become Witches, -158; had the Strength of a Giant, 159; Treatment of his Wives, 160; -puts on Invisibility, 161-2; denies the Existence of Witches, 162; -Executed, 163; his great Strength from the Devil, ii, 9; further -Account of his Execution, iii, 38-9; Confession of one of his Accusers, -43; Indictment, 61; Trial, 63; Brother-in-Law to Mr. Ruck, 72-3; denies -that there are Witches, 74; about his putting on Invisibility, 123; -Cause of his being prosecuted, 210. - -Burrows, [Burroughs] Jeremiah, 84. - -Burton, Robert, I, xxxviii. - -Buxton, John, afflicted, iii, 17. - - -CALEF, Robert, I, xxix, lxxv; his _More Wonders_, &c., lxxvi; a -singular Judgment upon, lxxxvii; little known of him, II, xii; a Sir -John, xiii; his _More Wonders_ burnt, xxi; Will of, xxiii; before -Authority to defend himself, ii, 8; Visit to Margaret Rule, 49; -threatened with Arrest for Slander, 54; proposes an Interview with Mr. -C. Mather, 55; Letter to Mr. C. M., 56-59; prosecuted, 55; explains his -Belief of Witchcraft, 56; on the Power of the Devil, 58; complains of -Mr. M.'s bad Faith, 60; not appeared against at Court, _ib._; another -Letter to C. M., 70-74; the Case of Rule further examined, 72, &c.; -another Letter to C. M., 79-85; his Endeavors to clear the Accused, 78; -expects Enemies, 84; will do his Duty, 85; Letter to Mr. B., 85-92; -Letter to the Ministers, 92-102; charges C. M. with being a Cause of -the Witch Troubles, 92; his Answer, 93; his _More Wonders_ denounced, -96; Letter to S. Willard, 102-105; another to C. M., 113; describes -the Perils to an Opposer of Witchcraft, 122; Letter to the Ministers, -124-34; rebukes the Ministers, 132-3; Letter to Wadsworth, 134-40; -Exposure of C. M.'s bad Logic, 136; Answer to Stuart, 186-198; on -Angels, 187; accused of Blasphemy, 202; another in Answer to Stuart, -207-212; Strictures on I. Mather's Agency, iii, 18 or 19. - -Camerarius, living Library, ii, 6. - -Carlton, William, II, vii. - -Carrier, Martha, Indictment and Trial of, 194, iii, 113-121; horribly -tortures poor People, 115; her Children swear against her, _ib._; -causes Sores, 116; pulls one by his Hair, 117; kills Cattle, 118; -shakes Phebe Chandler, 119; makes Noises in the Air, _ib._; seen at -Witch-meetings, 120; goes through the Air on a Pole, _ib._; at a -diabolical Sacrament, _ib._; a rampant Hag, 121; to be Queen of Hell, -_ib._ - -Carrier, Richard, 197, 199, iii, 117; afflicts one, 118. - -Carrier, Thomas, 194. - -Cary, Mrs., accused, iii, 11; sent to Prison, 20; Barbarity towards, -20-25; escapes to New York, _ib._ - -Cary, Jonathan, [Nathaniel,] iii, 25. - -Cat-rope, described, ii, 7. - -Chamberlain, Edward, I, lxxvi. - -Chandler, Bridget, swears against Mrs. Carrier, iii, 119. - -Chandler, Phebe, 198; shaken by a Witch, iii, 118; her Legs seized on, -119. - -Chandler, Susan, 142. - -Chandler, Thomas, Evidence, iii, 126. - -Chapman, Simon, and Wife, iii, 107. - -Charity, recommended, 28. - -Charles, Second, iii, 143. - -Charlestown, Witchcraft Trials at, iii, 126. - -Charms, by whom practiced, ii, 28. - -Chase, G. W., _History of Haverhill_, iii, 128, 196-7. - -Checkley, Samuel, ii, 151. - -Cheever, Ezekiel, Scribe, iii, 31. - -Chester, Bishop of, I, ix. - -Chips in Wort, defined, iii, 126. - -Choate, Thomas, II, xxvi. - -Christian, Philosopher, I, lxxii-iii. - -Churches, why often struck by Thunder, 68-9; prevent Witchcraft, 130-1. - -Churchill, Sarah, iii, 204. - -Circles.--See WITCH-CIRCLES. - -Clark, Mary, Examination of, iii, 195-7. - -Clark, Samuel, his Story of the Devil's Appearance, 121. - -Clavigero, [Francis Xavier,] 202. - -Cloyce, Peter, protests against Mr. Parris, ii, 143. - -Cloyce, Sarah, iii, 7, 53; Sister Nurse, 11, 13; goes out of Meeting, -14; an excellent Woman, 211. - -Colman, Benjamin, I, xci, xcvi. - -Coman, Richard, 167; swears against Mrs. Bishop, iii, 82. - -Comings.--See CUMMINGS. - -Connecticut, Witchcraft in, iii, 130, 131. - -Cook, Elisha, Judge, ii, 157; Agent to England, iii, 148, 221. - -Cook, John, a Witness, i, 166, iii, 78, 80-1. - -Cooper, Thomas, on Witchcraft, xxxv. - -Corwin, Jonathan, I, vii, 26, iii, 6, 10, 15; examines Giles Cory, 169. - -Corwin, George, Sheriff, iii, 49, 50; buried, 79, 187, 202. - -Cory, Giles, pressed to Death, 209, II, vii, iii, 7, 44-5, 79; his -Examination, 169-173; Site of his Residence, 174. - -Cory, Martha, accused, ii, 7, 9; sent to Prison, 10; sentenced to -Death, iii, 44; executed, 45; Ballad on her and her Husband's Fate, -174-77. - -Cotton, John, I, xxv, lxvi. - -Cox, Mary, Irons for, iii, 20. - -Crosby, [Anthony?] a Doctor, declares Hysterics a Case of Witchcraft, -iii, 100. - -Cullender, Rose, 142. - -Cumbey, Robert, II, xxi. - -Cummings, Josiah, iii, 107. - -Cummings, Isaac, Witness, 192, iii, 105; his Mare dies, 111. - -Curiosities, matchless, 201-210. - -Cushing, John D., II, vii. - - -DAGGET, William, iii, 183. - -Dane, Deliverance, signs a Recantation, iii, 57. - -Dane, Francis, iii, 121; John, his Apology, 135. - -Danforth, Samuel, I, xcvi; Thomas, ii, 109; iii, 15; Judge, 125; -Services, 126; admonishes Mrs. Daston, 128. - -Daniel, Samuel, 26. - -Dastin, Goodwife, iii, 126; cleared, 127; but dies in Prison, 128. - -Davis, Silvanus, 26. - -Dean, John Ward, 13. - -Dee, John, Astrologer, 124. - -Defoe, D., on the Devil, 102. - -Delrio, on Witchcraft, I, xiii, xx. - -Demonology, by King James, I, xx; its Character, xxi, xli-iii. - -Demons, prestigious ones, iii, 160. - -Denmark, great Discovery of Witches in, 148. - -Desaguliers, J. T., I, lxxvi. - -Devil, I, xi; teaches the Black Art, xii; how he creates Witches, xv; -Nature of his Covenant with, xviii-xix; exists by God's Permission, -xx; the Principal in Witchcraft, but cannot be tried, xxvi; assents -to good Offices, xxxvii; appears personally to Witches, liv; what he -requires of them, lv; coming down in great Wrath, I, 50, 54, 76, 95, -101, 117, 122, 135; owned N. England, 15; an Army of Devils, 17; many -sign his Book, 18; has made a dreadful Knot of Witches, _ib._; his -Juggles feared, 19; bid come out of a Damsel, 20; Speech of, 20-1; -may represent an innocent Person, 21; darting Operations, 24; raises -Storms and Tempests, 25; envies the Prospects of the Country, 26; -made us a troubled Sea, 27; gives us Shakes, _ib._; commissioned by -Witches, 29; tells many Truths, 31; Devil-ridden, 33; always leaves -the Mark of his Covenant, 40; League with, 41; his Existence not -doubted, 55-6; Government among, 57; swarm about us like the Frogs of -Egypt, _ib._; Prince of the Power of the Air, _ib._; Belzebub, 58; -knows every Language, _ib._; Degrees of Devils, 59; horrible Dragon, -60; a Tyger, 61; gets Liberty to make a Descent upon Men, _ib._; -Rendezvous of his Troops, _ib._; his long Journey, 62; a Do-evil, 64; -a Moloch, 65; prevents Discoveries and Inventions, 66; sends Plagues, -and Pestilence, and Wars, 67; a Vulcan, 68; makes a horrible Tempest, -69; uses a hot Iron, 71; his Wrath increases, is Prince of this World, -72; God swears at, 73; his Time almost out, 74; God's Command to, -76; makes Earthquakes, 77; his present Quarters, 79; his World, 80; -incredible Droves of, 81; nibbles at the Heels of Saints, 83; the -World his Country, 85; his Time nearly out, 88-91; his eldest Son, 89; -alarmed at the Settlement of N. England, 94; an Eyesore to, _ib._; an -antagonistic Force, 96; appears as a black Man, 102; his Law Book, 104; -takes on the Likeness of harmless People, 106; permitted by God, 107; -burning and sooty, 109; in God's Chain, 110; baptises, 111; administers -the Sacrament, _ib._; how influenced to come down, 114; the Way to -out-wit him, _ib._; we give Rest to, 115; Sparks of Hell Fire flashing -from every Side of, 115; on a Chimney in Germany, 116; throwing Stones -there, and other Mischief, 117; set on by the Wrath of God, 118; -rattling of his Chains heard, 121; an Asp, 122; infernal Dragon, 124; -flies about as a Bird, 130; Children dedicated to, 131; a Whip for his -Back, 132; forced to fly by a Woman behind the Door, 133; a Prince, a -God, 134; afflicts with Distempers, 148-9; a black Man, 159; described, -171; one in a Meeting-house, 174; performs Baptisms at Newbury Falls, -194; carries some to a Witch-meeting on a Pole, 199; appoints a Queen -of Hell, 200; apishly affects divine Things, 201; his Proceedings among -the Swedes, 216; discovered by the Author, 217; his Power, 218; Dog of -Hell, 219; Serpent upon a Rock, 220; tempts with Friendship, 224; a -speckled Snake when he tempted Eve, 225; shoots cruel Bombs, 227; would -burn all the Bibles, 229; a Throng of in the Author's Meeting-house, -230; he rocks Persons to sleep there, 231; hurried Jesus to the Top of -the Temple, 232; prevents Witches from uttering all the Lord's Prayer, -_ib._; a Nimrod, 233; can attack with Thunder and Lightning; raise -Storms, _ib._; a Goliah; dogs Ministers, bad at quoting Scripture, 234; -quotes it for our Terror, 235; plays the Preacher, 236; consulting -Astrologers is going to the Devil, 238; a Mountebank, 241; to worship -him is Witchcraft, 243; with lengthened Chains, ii, 4; commissioned -by Witches questioned, 7; further discussed, _ib._, 8; his Power to -create Strength? 9; origin of the Belief in such a Character, 11; a -damnable Doctrine, 12; appears to an Indian, 25; prodigious Descent -of, 26; his Size, Complexion and Voice, 29-30; his Power, 41; very -uncertain, 42; "horrendous Operations," 46; got a Scourge for his Back, -47; not commissioned by a Witch, 58; denied, 76; can work Miracles, 74; -his Bounds set, 76; causes Plagues, 79; does not know every Language, -80; his Testimony not to be regarded, 82; the oldest Sinner, 90; -more about his Powers, 94-5; vast Numbers of, _ib._; a Free-willer, -118; commissioned by Contract, 128; only commissioned by God, 130-1; -no Father of Bastards, 196; an independent Power, 201; resembles -an Indian, iii, 70; described, 85; flies over an Apple-tree, 86; -Depredation in a Meeting-house, 89; performs Baptism, 112; his Manner -of Baptising, 113; vanquished by Sir W. Phips, 158; commissioned by -Witches, 162; meets with Astonishment, 209. - -Douglass, William, I, lxix, lxx, iii, 125, 159. - -Downer, Robert, Witness against Mrs. Martin, 180; tormented by her in -the Shape of a Cat, iii, 96. - -Dragon, makes Wars, 67; insinuates Witchcraft, 124; a great Devil, 216; -hard after Ministers, 234; keeping Guard, ii, 79. - -Drake, Nathan, Extracts from, I, xxxiii. - -Dudley, Joseph, iii, 145; presides at the Trial of Glover, 153. - -Dummer, Jeremiah, ii, 151. - -Dunton, John, I, vi, viii, 217, ii, 109. - -Durent, Ann, 142; William, _ib._ - -Dustin, Hannah.--See DASTIN. - - -EAMES, Rebecca, condemned and executed, iii, 45. - -Earl, Robert, on Margaret Rule, ii, 69. - -Earth, recedes from the Sun, 75; filled with firey-flying Serpents, 81. - -Earthquakes, the Work of the Devil, 77, 78; happening all over Europe, -91, 92. - -Easty, Isaac, committed for Witchcraft, iii, 16. - -Easty, Mary, sentenced, iii, 44; her Execution, 46; dies protesting her -Innocence, 46-48; an excellent Woman, 211. - -Elimas, Sorceries of, ii, 171. - -Eliot, Edmund, 181, 182, iii, 97-8. - -Eliot, John I, lxvi. - -Elizabeth, Queen, Witchcraft in her Time, I, xxxix. - -Elliott, Andrew, Apology of, iii, 135. - -Ember-weeks, what they are, ii, 116. - -Enchantments encountered, 9-48. - -Endicott, Zerobbabel, 210. - -English, Mary, committed, iii, 16; escapes, 50, 79; Testimony against, -126-7. - -English, Philip, indicted, iii, 16; escapes from Prison, 50; Account -of, 177; an Episcopalian, 178; dies, 181. - -Ethnics, Gentiles, ii, 119, iii, 164. - -Evelith, Joseph, Apology of, iii, 135. - - -FALKNER, condemned to Death, iii, 45. - -Familiar Spirit, who hath it, iii, 166. - -Farnam, John, iii, 126. - -Farnum, [Varnum?] Ralph, 195. - -Farrare, Thomas, iii, 185. - -Fast, appointed in Reference to Witchcraft, iii, 132. - -Felt, Joseph B., cited, ii, 109, iii, 20, 181. - -Filmer, Robert, Sir, on Witchcraft, I, xvii-xx, xxv. - -Firmin, Giles, 13. - -Fisk, Thomas, Apology of, iii, 36, 135. - -Fisk, William, iii, 135. - -Fletcher, Benjamin, Gov., iii, 25; his Kindness to Fugitives from -Witchcraft Prosecutions, 180. - -Flint, Thomas, a Searcher for Witchteats, iii, 39. - -Flood, a great one in the Connecticut, 29. - -Fogg, John S. H., ii, 75. - -Fools, made able Fortune-tellers, iii, 142. - -Foster, Ann, executed, iii, 45; her Confession, 119-20; Remark upon, -208. - -Foster, Ephraim, Evidence in Wardwell's Case, iii, 126. - -Foster, Hannah, confesses being carried on a Pole to a Witch-meeting, -199. - -Foster, Jacob, iii, 107. - -Foster, John, first Printer in Boston, 26. - -Fowler, Joseph, iii, 8. - -Fowler, Samuel P., ii, 6; his Life of Parris, iii, 198. - -Foy, [John?] Captain, 137. - -Franckius, [Peter?] I, lxxvi. - -Franklin, Benjamin, I, lxxvi-vii. - -Freemen, and Non-freemen, iii, 143. - -Fuller, Goodman, is killed by Witchcraft, iii, 64. - -Fuller, [Jacob?] a Doctor, decides a Case of Hysterics to be -Witchcraft, iii, 100. - -Fuller, John, iii, 11. - -Fuller, Thomas, D. D., I, lxxvi-vii, II, 196. - -Fuller, Thomas, iii, 199. - - -GALLOWS-HILL, where reputed Witches were executed, iii, 45. - -Gallows-Tree, iii, 177. - -Gaul, John, on Detection of Witches, 42-4; his Rules observed, 153; -Remarks upon, ii, 12; Calef on, 56, 70, 178, 197; Mather on, iii, 64. - -Gedney, Bartholomew, I, vii, 26; Judge, iii, 26; Conduct at Capt. -Alden's Trial, 28, 30, 172. - -Gee, Joshua, I, xcvi. - -Germany, the Devil on a Chimney there, 116, 117; Witchcraft in, ii, 197. - -Ghosts of murdered People appear, 155, 156-7, 209, iii, 106. - -Gibbs, Barnabas, II, xxv. - -Gidney, Bartholomew.--See GEDNEY. - -Gill, Obadiah, II, xxi; William, a Searcher for Witchteats, iii, 39. - -Glanville, Joseph, describes Unbelievers in Witchcraft, I, lxi. - -Glover, _Goody_, executed, iii, 153. - -Goblin, one described, iii, 85-6.--See HOBGOBLIN. - -God, swears in loud Thunders at the Devil, 73; more abandons the World -than formerly, 75; bids the Devil make all miserable, 76; permits the -Devil to come upon us, 107; has the Devil in a Chain, 110; his Wrath -sets on the Devil, 118; would have subdued the Devil if called upon, -120; swears in Wrath, 125; clucks to us, 130; a Dog of Hell barking -at him, 219; the Devil superior to, ii, 9; whether he commissions the -Devil, 70; the Mother of, 82; leaves the Devil at free-will, 118; -commissions the Devil, 130-1. - -Godfrey, John, iii, 52. - -Gold, Sam., at Mrs. Bishop's Trial, iii, 78; at Giles Cory's, 170. - -Good, Sarah, accused of being a Witch, iii, 6, 7; her Child also, 11; -Chains for, 20; executed, 33; Horrors attending, 34, 187. - -Good, William, iii, 7. - -Goodall, Goodwife, iii, 8. - -Goodwin, John, Children bewitched, I, lxxxviii; testifies to a Miracle, -II, xxi; Baxter on the Story, 45; farther Note on, iii, 153. - -Gould, William, II, xxiii. - -Gowans, William, I, xciii. - -Gray, Samuel, swears against Mrs. Bishop, 166, iii, 31. - -Green Lane, iii, 115. - -Green, Mary, imprisoned and escapes, iii, 53. - -Green, Thomas, II, xxv. - -Greenslett, John, iii, 64. - -Greenslett, Thomas, swears against Mr. Burroughs, iii, 64. - -Griggs, Dr., iii, 8, 190, 205-6. - - -HADLEY, Deborah, iii, 107. - -Hale, John, prays at Witch Trials, iii, 10; attends Examinations, 22; -his Wife accused, 48; on Mr. Parris's Conduct, 207. - -Hall, Bishop, on the Devil's Prevalency, 112; on Astrology and Magic, -124. - -Hanvoord, Goodman, iii, 11. - -Happy Family, Origin of, 29. - -Hardy, Thomas, his Snare of Devilism, iii, 102. - -Harris, Benjamin, I, vii, II, 55. - -Harrod, John, iii, 11. - -Hathorne, John, I, vii, 26, iii, 6, 9, 15; Inhumanity of, 23; Examinant -of Giles Cory, 169; of Tituba, 187; of Mary Clark, 195. - -Hathorne, Susanna, iii, 195. - -Haverhill, Witchcraft in, iii, 128, 195, 197. - -Hell, Toyls of, 19; Belial of, 22; Mad Dogs of, 27; Philistines of, 27; -Mastives of, 64; lowest Depths of, 77; hellish Rattlesnakes, 80; wild -Beasts of, 86; Ty-dogs of, 108; Adders of, 118; a little Portraiture -of, 131; a Queen appointed for, 200; the Pilate of, ii, 27; Lions and -Bears of, 43; lively Demonstrations of, 47; Covenant with, 136; great -Officers of, iii, 113. - -Hemmingius, Nicholas, 204. - -Herrick, George, ii, 109; Marshal, iii, 11, 17; testifies against Giles -Cory, 172. - -Herrick, Henry, iii, 135. - -Heyman, Samuel, 26. - -Hiacoomes, a Christian Indian, ii, 23. - -Higginson, John, I, vii, 201, 207; Examiner, iii, 126. - -Hill, John, Capt., ii, 75; at Salem, iii, 27. - -Hill, Zeb., a Searcher for Witchteats, iii, 39. - -Hinckley, Thomas, 26. - -Hoar, Dorcas, condemned, iii, 44; Estate seized, 50. - -Hobs, William, committed, iii, 16. - -Hobbes, Thomas, ii, 201. - -Hobbs, Abigail, condemned and executed, iii, 45. - -Hobbs, Deliverance, Witness against Bishop, 165; committed as a Witch, -iii, 16; tormented, 80. - -Hobgoblin, Witchcraft, iii, 137.--See GOBLIN. - -Holland, Joseph, II, xxii. - -Hollingworth, Richard, iii, 179, 182; William, _ib._ - -Holton, Benjamin, iii, 11; Sarah, Witness against Mrs. Nurse, -_ib._--See HOULTON. - -Hopkins, Matthew, 30. - -Horneck, Anthony, 19, 69, 221. - -Horse-shoes, used by Conjurors, iii, 142. - -Houlton, Joseph, iii, 113, 203.--See HOLTON. - -How, Elizabeth, 188, iii, 33; Indictment of, 104; Trial of, 105-113; -Wife of James, _ib._, 107; baptised by the Devil, 112. - -How, John, 190; Witness against his Sister, iii, 109. - -Howe, John, Mr., iii, 139. - -Howell, James, on Witchcraft, ii, 127. - -Hubbard, Elizabeth, iii, 7, 62; swears against Mrs. Bishop, 75-6; -against Carrier, 114; against Giles Cory, 170; has Fits, 192. - -Hudibras, on A. Ross, ii, 126. - -Hudson, William, sees Margaret Rule go up without Hands, ii, 70. - -Hughes, John, iii, 7. - -Huguenots, Note on the, 70. - -Hunnewell, Richard, Lt., iii, 64. - -Hunt, Ephraim, ii, 151. - -Hutchinson, Benj., Complainant, iii, 26. - -Hutchinson, Elisha, 26. - - -IMPS, Employment of, 112; one sinks a Ship, _ib._; one appears like a -Rat, ii, 35. - -Indians, vast Herds of, 65; Efforts of Powawes against the Settlers, -94-5; one of great Strength, 159; under Conduct of the Devil, 207; -Christian, ii, 23; one tempted by the Devil, 25; Witches among, 75; -Reason for, 117-18; Notions of Religion, 125; Covenant to adore the -Devil, 136; practice Witchcraft, iii, 5; resemble the Devil, 70; in -Witchcraft, 185-95; two at Salem, 204. - -Ingersol, John, 163; Nathaniel, ii, 143, iii, 11; Witness, 15, 17, 199. - -Inventions, hindered by the Devil, 66. - -Invisibility of Witches, 204; Mist of, iii, 160. - - -JACOBS, George, Executed, iii, 38; further noticed, 43, 50, 204. - -Jacobs, Margaret, confesses, iii, 43-4; escapes Death, _ib._ - -Jacobs, Mary, one of the Afflicted, iii, 8. - -Jacobs, Thomas, Evidence against Bibber, iii, 8. - -Jackson, Doctor, iii, 183. - -Jamaica, Earthquake at, 78. - -James First, his Demonology, I, xx; his Royal Nonsense, xxii; his Rules -for detecting Witches, _ib._; followed by Cooper, xxxvii; Effect of -James's Book, xli; describes what Witches can do, lii, liii. - -James Second, 10, 92, iii, 131; Knights Sir William Phips, 137, 143. - -Jennings, David, I, lxvii. - -Jesus, on the Top of the Temple, 232; on the Battlements, 233. - -Jewel, Bishop, [John,] I, xxxix. - -Jewett, Nehemiah, ii, 151. - -John, Indian, iii, 3; bewitched, 15; accuses E. Bishop, 17; his Wife -Tituba, 22. - -Johnson, Eliza, iii, 126. - -Johnson, Samuel, defines Witchcraft, xiv. - -Jolliffe, John, Counsellor, 26. - -Judges, remarkably blind, 107; pitiable, 127; defer to Hale's -Decisions, 141; their Reason departed, 174. - -Jurin, James, I, lxxvi. - -Jurors, some acknowledge their Errors, iii, 134-5. - -Justin, Martyr, ii, 10. - - -KEELING, Judge, a wise Decision of, disregarded, 148. - -Kembal, John, Witness against Martin, 180; she bewitches his Cattle, -iii, 96-7; sees a black Cloud, and runs upon Stumps, _ib._; Puppies -appear to him, 98. - -Keney, Henry, testifies against Mrs. Cory, iii, 7. - -Kersey, John, his Definition of Witchcraft, I, xii. - -Keys, used by Conjurors, iii, 142. - -Keysar, ----, Daughter distracted, iii, 16. - -Kimball.--See KEMBLE. - -King, D. P., owned the Site of Giles Cory's House, iii, 74. - -Knowlton, Joseph, and Wife, iii, 107. - - -LACY, Lawrence, Wife bewitched, iii, 120. - -Lacy, Mary, 199; another, 200; Condemned and Executed, iii, 45; her -Confession, 120. - -Lancashire Witches, 158. - -Lane, Francis, Witness, 193, iii, 105; his Rails bewitched, 112. - -Laplanders, Witchcraft among, 22, 108. - -Lawrence, Robert, of Casco, iii, 64. - -Laws, against Witchcraft, remark on, iii, 125; repealed, _ib._ - -Lawson, Dedot, his History, I, iv, vii, 156, 186; endorses the Story -of the Iron Spindle, 205; defends the Proceedings against Witchcraft, -ii, 154-5; at Salem, iii, 7, 12; on Mr. Burroughs, 39; his Wife and -Children killed, 64; Chaplain to Andros's Expedition, _ib._; more about -the Murder of his Family, 68; on the Devil's Baptism, 113. - -Le Clerc, [Jean,] cited, ii, 212. - -Legion, definition of, 56; of Devils, 218, ii, 95. - -Leverett, John, Gov., ii, 108. - -Lewis, Mary, [Mercy,] iii, 26, 75. - -Lewis, Mercy, iii, 8; sees a Man in White, 13; Witness against Mr. -Burroughs, 62, 64; against Mrs. Bishop, 75; against Philip English, -126; against Giles Cory, 170; Account of, 204; why she accused Mr. -Burroughs, 210. - -Leyton, [Thomas,] Mr., of Lynn, iii, 185. - -Loader, [Louder?] John, Evidence against Mrs. Bishop, iii, 76. - -Locker, George, Constable, iii, 187. - -Lothrop, Barnabas, Counsellor, 26. - -Louder, John, 170; sees the Devil, 171; sees a Black Pig, iii, 85. - -Louis, Fourteenth, 93. - -Lynd, Joseph, Counsellor, 26. - - -MANCHESTER, a Spectre worsted there, 206. - -Maniche, an Arabian God, ii, 125, 128. - -Manning, Jacob, Dep. Marshal, arrests Mr. English, iii, 181. - -Marshall, John, II, xxviii. - -Martin, George, iii, 97. - -Martin, Susanna, Trial of, 175; Execution, iii, 33; Indictment against, -89-103; cast into a very singular Confusion, 100; appears to John -Pressy, 101. - -Martyr, Justin, ii, 10. - -Mary, Queen of William Third, 92; Death of, iii, 131. - -Mascon, the Devil of, 59, 70. - -Mason, Stephen, Counsellor, 26. - -Mather, Cotton, why charged with an undue Share of the Persections, I, -iii, lxxiv, lxxxv; his Faith in Witchcraft, v; his unfortunate Book, -xxxiv; Memoirs of, lxv-xcviii; his Defence, 1-4; further Defence of -the Prosecutions, iii, 59-61; Countermines the Plot of the Devil, i, -3; bedeviled, 80; condemns Astrology, 123-4; Pity for the Judges, -127-8; not present at the Witch Trials, 139; Rejoices at the Justice -of the Work against Witches, 140; Horror at the Name of Mr. Burroughs, -152; believes in the Ability of Witches to put on Invisibility, 162, -204; gives Unbelievers three Bones to pick, 205; some Misgivings about -shedding Blood, 207; Argument against Calef, II, xiii-xviii; Story of -Margaret Rule, ii, 21-36; read many Books of Physic, 34; relieves M. -Rule by three Fasts, 39; pains to rescue the Miserable from Lions and -Bears of Hell, 42; thanked by Venerable Baxter, 43; tries to prevent -excessive Credit of spectral Evidence, 44; his own Estimate of his -Labors, 46-7; Complaints, 48; Letters to, 48-62; threatens Calef, -54; has him arrested, 55; fails to meet him, 60; Whittier on, 61; -Letter to Calef, 62-8; brings heavy Charges against him, 64; People -believe smutty Things of him, 65; Defends his Father, 66; offers Mr. -Calef the Use of his Books, 67; Charges of Hellish Witchcraft, 80; -does not understand the Wiles of the Devil, 83; Thunder breaks into -his House, 86; defines a Witch, 90; a Cause of the Convictions, 92; -his Answer, 93; Denial of Statements made by Calef, 96; does not -distinguish between Miracles and Works of the Devil, 97; Arraigned by -R. C. in Argument, 135-6; Messenger, 151; heavy Charges against Calef, -iii, 32; Acquainted with the Wiles of the Devil, _ib._; Conduct at -Mr. Burroughs's Execution, 38; Defence of the Prosecutions, 59-61; -Omissions, iii, 106, 109, 111; an Advocate, 122; his Account of Trials -as faithful as others, 123; his Life of Phips anonymous, and why, 136; -Defends it, 137-8, 140; strenuous for a Reassumption of the Charter, -146; compares Mr. Calef to Satan, 151; the most Active of any in -prosecuting Witches, 154; his contradictory Statements pointed out, -157-8; his Ambidexterity, 154, 159; his Relatives accused, _ib._; -sincere and credulous, 161. - -Mather, Increase, I, vi, xxx; ii, 12; prays with Margaret Rule, 51; -Proceedings against Mr. Calef, 55; cited, 60; defended by his Son, C., -66; on the Devil, 90, 95; _Remarkable Providences_, 106-7; Messenger, -151; Defence about the Charter, iii, 18; Proctor's Appeal to, 40; Cases -of Conscience, 58; Angelographia, 131; his Acts retold by his Son, 136, -141; his Ideas undergo a Change, 142; troubled by Fobb-actions, appears -to King James, 145; his Reason for accepting a new Charter, 149; the -bewitched _Eye_, 160; Moderater of Mr. Parris's Council, 216. - -Mather, Nathaniel, iii, 139. - -Mather, Samuel, Life of his Father, I, lxvii; Funeral Sermon on, xcvii. - -Mead, Matthew, Mr., iii, 139. - -Meeting House, the Devil in one, iii, 89. - -Memorable Providences, approved by Baxter, 10; a Work by I. Mather, ii, -12, 106-7. - -Merlin, Ambrose, ii, 196. - -Mexico, Indians of, 201-2. - -Middlecot, Richard, 26, ii, 151. - -Millenium, near at Hand, 90-1. - -Milton, John, I, xi. - -Ministers, why dogged more by the Devil than others, 234; Stars of -Heaven, in danger of the Dragon's Tail, _ib._ - -Miracles, one witnessed, ii, 74; wrought by Men, 128. - -Mist of Invisibility, iii, 160. - -Moody, Joshua, iii, 40; aids Philip English to escape from Jail, -179-180. - -_More Wonders_, a vile Book, 96. - -Morgan, Samuel, Searcher for Witch teats, iii, 39. - -Mormons, reference to, ii, 81. - -Morton, Charles, ii, 108. - - -NAZIANZEN, the Author like a, 28. - -Newbury-Falls, Baptisms there by the Devil, 194, iii, 112, 197. - -New England, Loyalty and Religion in, 10; no Land so free from Vices, -12; once the Devil's Territory, 15, 120; broken in upon by an Army of -Devils, 17; a Scandal feared from Witchcraft, 19; Province of, 20; -stocked with Rattle-snakes, 25; little Hope of, from the Wrath of the -Devil, 93-4; a howling Wilderness, 94; its Losses by Indians and by -Sea, 95; Decline of Godliness in, 96; poor N. England, 109; People in -the Belly of Hell, 110; pleases the Devil, 122; no People so basely -despise the Gospel, 125; hast destroyed thyself, ii, 6; a Charter -obtained, iii, 142; why Quo Warrantoed, 143; worse circumstanced than -any Corporation in England, _ib._; Revolution in, 144-153; Prodigies -in, not a tenth Part related, 161. - -Necromancy, who are guilty of it, iii, 166. - -Noyes, Nicholas, I, vii, iii, 7, 9; at Alden's Trial, 28; Conduct at -Executions, 34; his Firebrands of Hell, 48; at the Examination of Mary -Clark, 196. - -Nurse, Francis, iii, 7, 198. - -Nurse, Rebecca, iii, 7, 10; Sister Cloyce, 13; executed, 33; her -Explanation, 36, 37; Sister Easty, 46; why accused, 210. - -Nurse, Samuel, ii, 143, 159, 211. - - -OAKES, Thomas, Agent to England, iii, 148. - -Ogilvie, John, Definition of Witchcraft, I, xiv-xvi. - -Old South Church, Boston, iii, 133; Ministers of, in Witchcraft Times, -177. - -Oliver, alias Bishop.--See BISHOP, BRIDGET. - -Orton, Job, on W. Perkins, 38. - -Osborn, Sarah, accused, iii, 6, 7; Iron Chains prepared for, 20; -accused by Tituba, 188. - -Osgood, Mary, Recantation of, iii, 57. - - -PACY, Deborah, afflicted, 142. - -Pacy, Elizabeth, afflicted, 142. - -Paganism, Popery, 52. - -Palmer, John, his Book on N. England, iii, 144. - -Paracelsus, [Auroleus,] I, xxxviii, 68. - -Parker, Alice, a Witch, 208; Sentence to die, iii, 44. - -Parker, Mary, condemned and executed, iii, 45. - -Parris, Elizabeth, iii, 8, 209. - -Parris, Noyes, iii, 221. - -Parris, Samuel, Protest against, ii, 141-3; long and humble -Acknowledgment, 143-8; Ministers and Elders of the Churches recommend -his Acknowledgment be accepted, 149-51; further Protest against, 152-3; -the Elders' Plea for, 155-6; accused of swearing falsely, 158; his -Account of the Beginning of the Troubles, iii, 3-4; swears against -Rebecca Nurse, 11; preaches, 14; appointed Scribe at the Examinations, -15; Examinations at his House, 22; swears against Mrs. Bishop, 75; -Scribe at How's Trial, 105; at other Times, 127; at Cory's Examination, -173; Account of, 198-222; Family of, 203-4, 209; not an Enemy to Mr. -Burroughs, 210; not a swift Witness, _ib._; how his Name comes to be -frequent in the Trials, 211; cleared by a Council, 217; but dismissed, -218; Epitaph on his Wife, 221; his Death, _ib._ - -Parris, Samuel, Deacon, iii, 221. - -Parris, Thomas, iii, 198, 222. - -Payne, Robert, Juror, iii, 127, 185. - -Payson, Edward, ii, 151; pleads for Mrs. How, iii, 106. - -Peabody, John, Apology of, iii, 135. - -Peach, Bernard, a Witness against Mrs. Martin, 178-9; bites a Witch, -iii, 94, 95. - -Peasley, Joseph, Constable, iii, 196. - -Pemberton, Ebenezer, ii, 15. - -Pennington, Thomas, I, ix. - -Perd, Margaret, ii, 50, 51; smells Brimstone, 53. - -Perkins, Thomas, Apology of, iii, 135. - -Perkins, William, defines Witchcraft, I, xiii; his Rules questioned, -xxxiii; Notice of, 37; his Doctrine of Witchcraft, ii, 12; Mr. Calef -on, 56, iii, 165. - -Perley, John, 193-4; Fence Rails bewitched by, iii, 111; Apology of, -135; Samuel and Wife, 105, 106. - -Perley, Timothy, Witness, 192. - -Pharaoh, Old, accused of Witchcraft, iii, 126-7. - -Philistines of Hell, 27. - -Phillips, Edward, I, xi; John, 26; Samuel, ii, 151; Evidence for Mrs. -How, iii, 106. - -Phips, William, arrives, 25, iii, 18; orders Irons for the Accused, -20; orders the Trials for Witchcraft published, 58; called Home, 130; -how became Governor, 137; finished his Life and Government together, -_ib._; a Pizarro, 138; harsh Temper, 141; had his Fortune told, 154; -vanquishes the Devil, 158; his Relatives accused, 159. - -Pike, Robert, 26, iii, 103. - -Pithagoras, Doctrine of, ii, 118. - -Pitman, Thomas, 206. - -Pizarro, Sir W. Phips compared to, iii, 138. - -Plagues, caused by the Devil, ii, 79. - -Plastic Spirit of Witches, 204, ii, 88; a Nonentity hooked in, 90; -Mischief to the Devil, 96. - -Plynyism, what it is, 204. - -Pope, Joseph, and Wife, iii, 8, 203. - -Popery, revived Paganism, 52. - -Poppets, used by Spectres, ii, 40, iii, 82; some found and described, -88; Remark upon, 124. - -Porter, Benjamin, iii, 11. - -Post, Mary, Evidence against Mary Clark, iii, 197. - -Prayers, the great Artillery of Heaven, 132; a Whip for the Devil's -Back, _ib._ - -Prescot, Peter, Dr., 196, iii, 116. - -Pressy, John, Witness against Martin, 184; sees a great Light, iii, -100; his Heels are struck up, 101; Loss of Cows, _ib._ - -Preston, Samuel, 198; his Cow bewitched, iii, 118. - -Preston, Thomas, iii, 203. - -Prince, Thomas, I, xc, xci, xcv. - -Printing, not sooner discovered owing to the Devil, 66. - -Procter, Elizabeth, iii, 7; John, _ib._; Mrs., cried out on, 15; John, -executed, 38; Barbarity to his Family, 40; his Letter to Ministers, -40-2; his Course to prevent Witchcraft, 204. - -Procter, William, made to confess by Torture, iii, 41. - -Prodigies, in N. England, not a tenth Part related, iii, 161. - -Pudeater, Ann, sentenced to be executed, iii, 44. - -Pulsifer, David, 13, II, vii, III, 169. - -Putnam, Ann, iii, 7, 8, 9; Witness against Mrs. Nurse, 11; against Mr. -Burroughs, 39, 62, 63; against Mrs. Bishop, 75; against Giles Cory, -170; against Mary Clark, 197; why she became an Accuser, 210. - -Putnam, Edward, ii, 143, iii, 7. - -Putnam, John, Witness against Mrs. Nurse, iii, 11; Mrs. Dastin, 128; of -Parris's Society, 198. - -Putnam, Joseph, ii, 159. - -Putnam, Thomas, iii, 7; swears against Mrs. Nurse, 11; Mrs. Bishop, 75; -Mrs. Daston, 128. - - -QUINCY, Josiah, on "Certain Proposals," ii, 106; one-sided and -dogmatical, iii, 19; on I. Mather's Diary, 136. - - -RAVEN, Story of one speaking, 33. - -Rawson, Edward, iii, 16, 52, 197. - -Rea, Joshua, iii, 198. - -Redd, Willmet, condemned to die, iii, 45. - -Reed, Richard, iii, 184. - -Rice, Nicholas, iii, 29. - -Rice, Sarah, sent to Prison, iii, 29. - -Richards, John, 26, iii, 30; Judge, 125, 128. - -Ring, Jervis, 185; suffers from Nightmare, iii, 103. - -Ring, Joseph, 186; carried about by Demons, iii, 102; in a Snare of -Devilism, _ib._; hurried through the Air, _ib._; taken to Hellish -Meetings, 102-3. - -Ring, Robert, an Error, 186. - -Robie, William, II, xxi. - -Robinson, George, II, xxvii. - -Roggers, John, Witnesses against Martha Carrier, 197; of Billerica, -iii, 118; killed by Indians, _ib._ - -Ross, Alexander, Hudibras on, ii, 126. - -Ruck, John, Foreman of Jury, 161, iii, 35, 72-3. - -Russell, James, 26, iii, 15. - -Rule, Margaret, Story of, ii, 21; seized by evil Angels, 26; fell into -odd Fits, 28; assaulted by eight cruel Spectres, _ib._; bring her a -red Book to sign, 29; her Tortures described, 30; fasts nine Days, 31; -stuck full of Pins, 32; Liquor poured down her Throat "as of scalding -Brimstone," 33; her Hurts soon cured, 34; taken up to the Ceiling and -held there, 35; her Minister interferes, 38; gets the better of the -Devil, 40; visited by Mr. Calef, 49; his Report of her Case, 49-54; a -Sweetheart in it, 51-2; Aves's Testimony concerning, 68; others, 69-70. - -Rum, used in a Case of Witchcraft, ii, 51. - - -SABBATH, begins at Sunset, Saturday, 223. - -Sadducees, unbelievers in Witchcraft, 32; Baxter on, ii, 45; -Mischievous, 46; Witlings, 60, 61; Atheists, 108; Infidels, iii, 162, -163. - -Safford, Joseph, Witness, 189, iii, 105, 108-9. - -Salem Village, Church Difficulties, ii, 140-3. - -Saltonstall, Nathaniel, 26, ii, 109, iii, 30. - -Sanderson, Robert, Deacon, iii, 207. - -Sargent, Peter, 26. - -Satan.--See DEVIL. - -Sayer, Samuel, Apology of, iii, 135. - -Scotland, Witchcraft in, ii, 7, 197. - -Scott, Margaret, condemned to Death, iii, 44. - -Scott, Reginald, writes against Witchcraft, I, xxxix; Extracts from, -xlv-vii; has taken great Pains, lix. - -Scottow, Joshua, iii, 64. - -Scribonius, Note upon, 1. - -Sergeant, Mr. [Peter,] iii, 31. - -Sewall, Samuel, 26, 209; subscribes to the Truth and Accuracy of -Mather's _Wonders_, 211, iii, 59; Judge, II, xxiv, 157, iii, 15, 31; -Appointment of Judge, 125; Services, 126, 128; in Sorrow for the Part -he took those accused of Witchcraft, 133; a Referee in Mr. Parris's -Case, 221. - -Sewall, Stephen, Captain, iii, 209. - -Sharp, [James,] D. D., iii, 151. - -Shattock, Samuel, 168; swore against Mrs. Bishop, iii, 76; Wife Sarah, -also, _ib._, 83-4; Remarks on his Evidence, 123. - -Sheldon, Susanna, 200; swears against Mr. Burroughs, iii, 66-7; against -Mrs. Bishop, 78; against Mrs. Carrier, 120; against Mary Clark, 196; -Account of, 204. - -Shepard, John, iii, 53; Rev. Mr., 185. - -Sheppard, Rebekah, iii, 11. - -Sherrin, John, iii, 105. - -Sherringham, Robert, 150. - -Sherwin, _Goodwife_, 191. - -Short, Mercy, ii, 27, 37, 51. - -Sibley, John L., I, viii; Mary, iii, 3, 206. - -Sieves, used to conjure with, iii, 142. - -Sikes, Victory, Corporal, iii, 219. - -Simpkins, Thomas, II, xxv. - -Slavery, a Divine Institution, xvi; Effect of its Denunciation, 12-13. - -Smith, James, II, xxiii, III, 203. - -Snow, falls as Wool, I, lxxiii; some red, lxxiv. - -Soam, John, his Cart bewitched, 149. - -Sobieski, John, King, 91. - -_Some Few Remarks_, an Answer to Calef, II, xxi. - -Sorceries, 122, 123; little ones, iii, 142; how known, 165. - -Sow, one bewitched, iii, 109. - -Spectacles invented, 66. - -Spectral Sight, Pretenders to, iii, 166. - -Spectres, how allayed, 30, 31, 35, 103-4; take the Name and Shape of -Accused, 106; call upon People before Death, 109; pranks with an Iron -Spindle, 205; severe Scuffle with one, 206; "Eight Cruel ones" assault -Margaret Rule, ii, 28; "Cursed ones" bring a Book to sign, 29; Threats -of, 34; they steal a Will, _ib._; heard to clap their Hands, 35; -Caution about, 44; one cruelly assaults a Person, [Margaret Rule,] iii, -160. - -Spencer, Edmund, a Witch described by. I, xlix. - -Spencer, Richard, Witness, 150. - -Spindle, Story of one, 205, iii, 160. - -Spirits, white ones, ii, 37; one appears to Margaret Rule, 39. - -Sprague, Martha, bewitched, iii, 126. - -Stacy, William, 172, iii, 86-7, 76. - -Star, Margaret, II, xxv. - -Stephens, Lieutenant, iii, 53; Sister of, 54. - -Stoughton, William, commends the _Wonders_, &c., 5-6; of unspotted -Fidelity, 26; declares Mather's Wonders true, 211; commissions Judges, -iii, 30; attests to the Truth of Mather's _Wonders_, 59; signs the -Death Warrant of Mrs. Bishop, 80; his Appointment, 125; Services, 126. - -Stuart, one, Letter in Defence of Witchcraft, ii, 160-186; another, -198-207; on Blasphemy, 202. - -Swan, Timothy, afflicted, iii, 196. - -Swedeland, Witchcraft in, 108, 211. - -Swinnerten, John, II, xxv. - -Sydney, Henry, Lord, iii, 149. - -Symons, Edward, 9. - - -TALBOT, Lord, causes the Repeal of Witchcraft Laws, iii, 125. - -Tarbell, John, ii, 143, 159, iii, 199, 211, 215. - -Taylor, Zachary, A. M., I, ix. - -Teats, on Witches, ii, 57.--See WITCHTEATS. - -Thacher, Peter, I, xcvii. - -Thompson, Agnes, Confession of, I, xli-ii. - -Thornton, Thomas, testifies to the Performances of Margaret Rule, ii, -69-70. - -Thyaneus, Appolonius, ii, 70. - -Tillotson, Archbishop, 56; aids Dr. Mather, iii, 149. - -Tituba, practices Witchcraft, iii, 6; Note on her Examination, 22; -Examination in full, 178-95; a South American Indian, 200. - -Tockinosh, John, ii, 23. - -Tompson, Benjamin, I, xcv. - -Toothaker, Allin, 196; Family of, 197; abused by a Witch, iii, 117. - -Torry, Samuel, ii, 151; William, _ib._ - -Transubstantiation, as old as the Devil, ii, 200-1. - -Trask, John, his Wife killed by Witchcraft, iii, 79. - -Trithemius, Fancies of, iii, 164. - -Tupper, Samuel, ii, 26; Thomas, _ib._ - -Tyler, Hannah, Recantation of, iii, 57. - -Tyler, Jobe, Deposition concerning Witchcraft, iii, 52. - -Tyler, John, II, xxiv. - -Tyler, Mary, signs a Recantation, iii, 57, 197. - -Tyng, Eleazer, II, xxvii. - - -USHER, Hezekiah, accused, iii, 196. - - -VAN Helmont, Jean, Baptist, ii, 41. - -Varnum, [Farnum,] Ralph, 195. - -Vibber.--See BIBBER. - -Virgin Mary, Mother of God, ii, 82. - -Vitzlipultzli, an Indian Idol, 201. - - -WADSWORTH, Benjamin, Letter to, ii, 134, 135; Timothy, xxi. - -Walcutt, John, Witness, iii, 113. - -Walcutt, Jonathan, iii, 15; Mary, ii, 158, iii, 8, 26, 62, 170, 195, -205. - -Waldron, Abigail, iii, 79. - -Waldron, Nathaniel, iii, 79. - -Waldron, William, I, xcvii. - -Waller, Edmund, I, lxxxi. - -Walley, John, i, 26, ii, 151. - -Walter, Nehemiah, ii, 108. - -Ward, Nathaniel, i, 13. - -Wardwell, Samuel, condemned, iii, 45; Scene at his Execution, 46, 57; -his Wife executed, 125; he covenants with the Devil, 126. - -Warner, Daniel, testifies in Favor of Mrs. How, iii, 107. - -Warren, Mercy, an Accuser, iii, 16, 26, 62, 204. - -Watkins, Mary, had been a Servant, iii, 128; sold into Slavery, 129. - -Watts, Isaac, I, lxvii, lxxvi. - -Way, Aaron, ii, 143; William, _ib._ - -Webber, Samuel, swears in Mr. Burroughs's Case, ii, 9, iii, 63. - -Webster, Noah, Definition of Witchcraft, I, xiv. - -Welch, Edward, a Searcher for Witchteats, iii, 39. - -Wendell, Edward, II, xxvii. - -Wentworth, Samuel, II, xxiv. - -West, Abigail, II, xxv. - -West, Thomas, Searcher for Witchteats, iii, 39. - -Wheeler, Thomas, II, xxiii. - -Whetford, ----, 208. - -Whiston, William, I, lxxvi. - -Whittier, J. G., on C. Mather, ii, 61, 160, iii, 163, 167, 174. - -Wigglesworth, M., his Day of Doom, ii, 4. - -Wild, John, iii, 16; his Wife Sarah, _ib._; executed, iii, 33. - -Wild, ----, Captain, i, 137. - -Wilds, Ephraim, Constable, iii, 105. - -Wilkins, John, on Margaret Rule, ii, 69. - -Wilkins, Richard, ii, 55, 56. - -Wilkins, Thomas, ii, 143, iii, 216. - -Willard, John, executed, iii, 38, 39; Escape and Capture, 40. - -Willard, Samuel, Letter to, ii, 102, 151; cried out of, iii, 37; appeal -to by Procter, 40; his Agency in the Escape of Mr. English, 177-8. - -Willard, Simon, testifies in Mr. Burroughs's Case, iii, 64. - -William and Mary, I, lxxxiv, 25; Death of Mary, iii, 131. - -Williams, Abigail, ii, 156, 158, iii, 7, 8, 9; at the Devil's -Sacrament, 13; cries out on Capt. Alden, 26; of Mrs. Bishop, 75; -Mr. Cory, 170, 179; Account of, 204; one of the Originators of the -Witchcraft Delusion, 209. - -Williams, Daniel, on Margaret Rule, ii, 69. - -Williams, Nathaniel, a Committee on Salem Affairs, ii, 151. - -Williams, Thomas, opposes Mr. Parris, iii, 212. - -Wilson, John, of Boston, 7. - -Wilson, Sarah, accused, iii, 57. - -Winchell, David, Sergent, iii, 219. - -Winsor, Hannah, iii, 26. - -Winthrop, Adam, Counsellor, 26. - -Winthrop, Wait, 26, ii, 157, iii, 30; Judge, 125, 221. - -Witchcraft, Cause of its Decline, I, iv; Works upon, v-x; Definitions -of, xi-xvi; taught in the Bible, xvi; how People's Eyes were opened, -xvii; how carried on, xxii; Practiced through Images or Pictures, -_ib._; Laws respecting, xxiv-v; the Bible upon, xvi, xxvii; Ideas -respecting, xxviii; opposed only by Infidels, xxix; Origin of, xxxi; -the Question which stayed its Progress, xxxii; Works upon, xxxiv-viii; -Law against, xxxix, xliii; not Spiritualism, lx; at the present Day, -lxxv; came near blowing up all the Churches, 17; Storms of, 20; thorny -Business, 29; will not be shammed, 34; disposed of, 42; in Lapland, -68-9; flourishes where are no Churches, 130-1; to worship the Devil, -243; a Relict of Heathen Learning, ii, 11; a principal ecclesiastical -Engine, 12; further defined, 56-7; how Prosecutions were eventually -checked, 110-11; sensible and evident, 105; Laws made against, iii, -124; repealed in England, 125; a Hobgoblin Monster, 137. - -Witchteats, for the Devil to suck, ii, 57, 100; a horrid Barbarity to -search for, 132; Excrescences, iii, 124. - -Witches, how made, I, xv; Nature of their Covenant with the Devil, -xxiii; the Devil a Slave to, xix; exist by God's Permission, xx; how to -detect, xxiii; vast Numbers executed, xv, xxvii; Punishment impossible, -xxxi; good Witches, xxxvii; one described by Spencer, xlix; different -Kinds, l, lii; how they contract with the Devil, liv-v; Manner of -living, lvi-viii; the Devil has made a dreadful Knot of, 18; prodigious -Meetings of, 19; commission the Devil, 29; Way of discovering, 37; -Confessions and Practices, 103; fairly executed, 107; Executions of, -in Suffolk and Essex, 112; thorny Business, 114; firey Serpents, 124; -in Denmark, 148; Witches impeach Witches, 157; Symptoms of Guilt, 162; -Conduct after the Manner of Congregational Churches, 202-3; by applying -the _Plastic Spirit_, render themselves and Tools invisible, 204; Cause -of Suicides, 207; nineteen executed, 217; can't say the Lord's Prayer, -232; their Power to commission Devils Questioned, ii, 7; Scriptures -do not describe it, _ib._, 8; commission Devils? 76; drive a Trade of -commissioning, 80-1; let fly Demons, 81; turn into Cats, Dogs, and -Cattle, 127; a Witch not known to Reason, 138; can commission Devils, -139; of Lancashire, reference to, iii, 69; steal Liquor, 110; some goe -on a Pole to a Witch-meeting, 120. - -Witch-Circles, held by young Girls, iii, 208; Origin of the Salem -Troubles, _ib._, 209-10. - -Witch-Hill, where the Execution of those accused of Witchcraft were -executed, iii, 45. - -Wizard, a Witch, I, xii, xxxviii; reveals the Witch by the Devil's -Help, 40; the Soul that goeth a whoring after, ii, 154. - -Wood, Martha, Witness, 192, iii, 110. - -Woodbury, Abigail, iii, 79. - -Woodward, John, I, lxxvi. - -Woodward, W. E., I, viii, x-xvi. - -Wolcott.--See WALCUTT. - -Wool, Pall of, as Snow, I, lxxiii. - -Wyllys, Edward, II, xii. - - - _FINIS._ - - -Transcriber's Note. - -Variable spelling and hyphenation have been retained. Minor punctuation -inconsistencies have been silently repaired. Footnotes were renumbered -and placed at the end of each section. The entries _Kembell_ and -_Tockinosh, John, ii, 23._ in the index do not correspond to the text. - - -Corrections. - -The first line indicates the original, the second the correction. - -Footnote 18: - - Remarks upou a Scandalous Book - Remarks upon a Scandalous Book - -Footnote 19: - - Qnincy is entirely too - Quincy is entirely too - -Footnote 37: - - is fully given in Vo.l i, 152-63 - is fully given in Vol. i, 152-63 - -Footnote 90: - - Newbury to Amesbury, having boughtPiece of - Newbury to Amesbury, having bought a Piece of - -Footnote 96: - - does not appear in the Reeords - does not appear in the Records - -Footnote 167: - - and Charter Streeet, - and Charter Street, - -p. 138: - - Achievements as either were never peformed by - Achievements as either were never performed by - -p. 226: - - Baxter, Richard, I, xx - Baxter, Richard, I, xxx - -p. 236: - - his own Estimate of of his Labors - his own Estimate of his Labors - -p. 240: - - Roggers, John, Witnesses against Martha Carrier, 197; of Billerica, - iil, 118; - Roggers, John, Witnesses against Martha Carrier, 197; of Billerica, - iii, 118; - -p. 241: - - Stacy, William, 172, iii, 86-7, 76, 86-7. - Stacy, William, 172, iii, 86-7, 76. - - -Errata. - -The first line indicates the original, the second how it should read. - -p. 42: - - you would evdeavour to have - you would endeavour to have - -Footnote 144: - - And now they fall to Tragical Exclamattons; - And now they fall to Tragical Exclamations; - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Witchcraft Delusion in New -England: Its Rise, Progress, a, by Cotton Mather and Robert Calef - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WITCHCRAFT DELUSION, VOL 3 *** - -***** This file should be named 53412-0.txt or 53412-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/3/4/1/53412/ - -Produced by Dianna Adair, Louise Davies, Eleni Christofaki -and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was made using scans of -public domain works from the University of Michigan Digital -Libraries.) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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