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-} -.xd23e8581width -{ -width:320px; -} -.xd23e8596width -{ -width:646px; -} -.xd23e10018width -{ -width:644px; -} -.xd23e10032width -{ -width:642px; -} -@media handheld -{ -} -</style> -</head> -<body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Occoneechee, by Robert Frank Jarrett - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Occoneechee - The Maid of the Mystic Lake - -Author: Robert Frank Jarrett - -Release Date: October 27, 2016 [EBook #53375] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ASCII - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OCCONEECHEE *** - - - - -Produced by Jeroen Hellingman and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net/ for Project -Gutenberg (This file was produced from images generously -made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - - - - - - -</pre> - -<div class="front"> -<div class="div1 cover"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="figure xd23e92width"><img src="images/new-cover.jpg" alt= -"Newly Designed Front Cover." width="480" height="720"></div> -<p class="par"></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div1 frontispiece"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="figure xd23e99width" id="frontispiece"><img src= -"images/frontispiece.jpg" alt="Robert Frank Jarrett" width="466" -height="720"> -<p class="figureHead">Robert Frank Jarrett</p> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div1 titlepage"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="figure xd23e106width"><img src="images/titlepage.png" alt= -"Original Title Page." width="458" height="720"></div> -<p class="par"></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="titlePage"> -<div class="docTitle"> -<div class="mainTitle">Occoneechee</div> -<div class="subTitle">The Maid of the Mystic Lake</div> -</div> -<div class="byline">BY<br> -<span class="docAuthor">ROBERT FRANK JARRETT</span><br> -Author of “Back Home and Other Poems”</div> -<div class="docImprint">THE SHAKESPEARE PRESS<br> -410 E. 32d Street<br> -New York<br> -<span class="docDate">1916</span></div> -</div> -<div class="div1 copyright"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first xd23e136">Copyrighted, 1916<br> -By R. F. Jarrett <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb3" href="#pb3" name= -"pb3">3</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div1 preface"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h2 class="main">PREFACE.</h2> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Realizing that the memory of a nation is best kept -aglow by its songs and the writings of its poets, I have been inspired -to write OCCONEECHEE, in order that the once powerful nation known as -the Cherokee may be preserved in mind, and that their myths, their -legends and their traditions may linger and be transmitted to the -nations yet to come.</p> -<p class="par">Trusting that a generous people may hail with delight -the advent of this new work, I now dedicate its pages to all lovers of -music, poetry and fine art.</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">When you’ve read its pages give or lend</p> -<p class="line">This volume to some good old friend.</p> -</div> -<p class="par first signed"><span class="sc">The Author.</span> -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb4" href="#pb4" name= -"pb4">4</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div1 biography"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h2 class="main">BRIEF BIOGRAPHY OF THE AUTHOR.</h2> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Robert Frank Jarrett was born in Asheville, N. C., -on July 21st, 1864, and while having resided in other states and cities -and visited many of the most important sections of the South, yet has -made his principal home within the shadows of the rugged mountain peaks -of his native and picturesque home land, the Old North State.</p> -<p class="par">He was educated in the field and forest, by rippling -stream and rolling rill, studied in the open book of Nature and recited -to the Master of Destinies where the shadows of the everlasting hills -lock hands with the sunshine of the valley.</p> -<p class="par">He is a reader and student of the ancient writers and -poets of all ages, singer of the old songs, lover of the new;</p> -<p class="par">Servant in official capacity for many years of National, -State and Civic governments; humble worker with the busy toilers, and -writer of prose and verse from earliest childhood;</p> -<p class="par">Author of “Back Home and Other Poems,” -published in 1911, and many other manuscripts not yet published.</p> -<p class="par">Married to Sallie C. Wild, of Franklin, N. C., on Dec. -25th, 1892. For twenty years a resident of Dillsboro, N. C., where -orchard and field and dense deep forests have inspired and impelled him -on. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb5" href="#pb5" name= -"pb5">5</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -<div id="toc" class="div1 contents"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h2 class="main">CONTENTS</h2> -<ul> -<li> <span class= -"tocPageNum"><span class="sc">Page</span></span></li> -<li>Part I. <a href="#pt1">The Cherokee</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">7</span></li> -<li>Part II. <a href="#pt2">Occoneechee</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">21</span></li> -<li>Part III. <a href="#pt3">Myths of the Cherokee</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">127</span></li> -<li>Part IV. <a href="#pt4">Glossary of Cherokee Words</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">197</span></li> -</ul> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div1 contents"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h2 class="main">ILLUSTRATIONS</h2> -<ul> -<li><a href="#frontispiece">Portrait of Robert Frank Jarrett</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">Frontispiece</span></li> -<li><a href="#p009">Tuckaseigee Falls, above Dillsboro</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">9</span></li> -<li><a href="#p021">Along Scott’s Creek, below Balsam</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">21</span></li> -<li><a href="#p026-1">Sunset from Mt. Junaluska</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">26</span></li> -<li><a href="#p026-2">Lake Junaluska, near Waynesville</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">26</span></li> -<li><a href="#p037-1">A Glimpse of the Craggies</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">37</span></li> -<li><a href="#p037-2">From Top of Chimney Rock</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">37</span></li> -<li><a href="#p037-3">Graybeard Mountain</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">37</span></li> -<li><a href="#p037-4">Chimney Top</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">37</span></li> -<li><a href="#p043-1">Upper Catawba Falls, Esmeralda</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">43</span></li> -<li><a href="#p043-2">Occoneechee Falls, Jackson County</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">43</span></li> -<li><a href="#p043-3">In the Cherokee Country</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">43</span><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb6" href="#pb6" -name="pb6">6</a>]</span></li> -<li><a href="#p043-4">Whitewater Falls</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">43</span></li> -<li><a href="#p051-1">The Balsam Mountains in Jackson Co.</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">51</span></li> -<li><a href="#p051-2">North from Sunset Rock, Tryon Mt.</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">51</span></li> -<li><a href="#p067-1">Balsam Mountains</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">67</span></li> -<li><a href="#p067-2">From Bald Rock</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">67</span></li> -<li><a href="#p073">Lower Cullasaja Falls</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">73</span></li> -<li><a href="#p077-1">Mount Pisgah</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">77</span></li> -<li><a href="#p077-2">Indian Mound, Franklin, N. C.</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">77</span></li> -<li><a href="#p081">Tallulah Falls, Ga.</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">81</span></li> -<li><a href="#p091-1">Whiteside Mountain</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">91</span></li> -<li><a href="#p099-1">Tennessee River, above Franklin</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">99</span></li> -<li><a href="#p099-2">Lake Toxaway</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">99</span></li> -<li><a href="#p107-1">Tomb of Junaluska, Robbinsville</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">107</span></li> -<li><a href="#p107-2">Where the Serpent Coiled</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">107</span></li> -<li><a href="#p117-1">Harvesting at Cullowhee, N. C.</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">117</span></li> -<li><a href="#p117-2">Craggy Mountains from near Asheville</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">117</span></li> -<li><a href="#p129-1">Sequoya</a>, -<span class="tocPageNum">129</span></li> -<li><a href="#p129-2">John Ax, the Great Story Teller</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">129</span></li> -<li><a href="#p129-3">Everglades of Florida</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">129</span></li> -<li><a href="#p139">Tuckaseigee River</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">139</span></li> -<li><a href="#p153-1">Kanuga Lake</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">153</span></li> -<li><a href="#p153-2">Lake Fairfield</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">153</span></li> -<li><a href="#p153-3">Pacolet River, Hendersonville</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">153</span></li> -<li><a href="#p171-1">A Cherokee Indian Ball Team</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">171</span></li> -<li><a href="#p171-2">The Pools, Chimney Rock</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">171</span></li> -<li><a href="#p185-1">French Broad River</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">185</span></li> -<li><a href="#p185-2">Broad River</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">185</span></li> -<li><a href="#p191-1">From the Toxaway</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">191</span></li> -<li><a href="#p191-2">Chimney Top Gap</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">191</span></li> -<li><a href="#p197">Chimney Rock</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">197</span></li> -<li><a href="#p237-2">Occonestee Falls</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">237</span></li> -<li><a href="#p237-2">Linville Falls</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">237</span></li> -<li><a href="#p237-3">Triple Falls, Buck Forest</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">237</span></li> -<li><a href="#p284-1">High Falls, Buck Forest</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">284</span></li> -<li><a href="#p284-2">Melrose Falls, Tryon, N. C.</a>, - <span class= -"tocPageNum">284</span></li> -</ul> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb7" href="#pb7" name= -"pb7">7</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div class="body"> -<div id="pt1" class="div0 part"> -<h2 class="label">PART I</h2> -<h2 class="main">THE CHEROKEE</h2> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb8" href="#pb8" name= -"pb8">8</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“I know not how the truth may be,</p> -<p class="line">I tell the tale as ’twas told to me.”</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb9" href="#pb9" name= -"pb9">9</a>]</span></p> -<div class="div1 contents"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h2 class="main">THE CHEROKEE.</h2> -<h2 class="sub"><i>A brief history of the Cherokee Nation or -tribe.</i></h2> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">This history has been gleaned from the works of -Ethnology by James Mooney and from word of mouth, as related to the -author during the past thirty years.</p> -<p class="par">In the beginning of historical events, we hear of man in -his paradisaical home, located somewhere within the boundaries known as -ancient Egypt or Chaldea. His home was far away and his former history -shrouded in the darkness of countless centuries of the past, and when -we contemplate the remoteness of his ancestry, we become lost in the -midst of our own research.</p> -<p class="par">When historical light began to flash from the Orient, we -find man emerging with some degree of civilization from a barbaric -state into the advanced degrees of civilized and enlightened -tribes.</p> -<p class="par">When the maritime navigator, full of visions and dreams, -dared to sail for those hitherto undiscovered shores, now known as -America, there lived within the realm a wandering, happy, yet -untutored, race of men whom we afterwards called Indians, who dwelt in -great numbers along the whole distance from Penobscot Bay south to the -everglades of Florida.</p> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="figure xd23e532width" id="p009"><img src="images/p009.jpg" -alt="Tuckaseigee Falls, above Dillsboro, N. C." width="462" height= -"720"> -<p class="figureHead">Tuckaseigee Falls, above Dillsboro, N. C.</p> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="q"> -<div class="body"> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“All along the racing river</p> -<p class="line">Gorgeous forest trees are seen.”</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<p class="par">Among the more noted tribes were the Abnaki, Mohawk, -Mohican, Huron, Iroquois, Munsi, Erie, Seneca, Susquehanna, Mamrahoac, -Powhatan, Monacan, Nollaway, Tuscarora, Pamlico, Catawba, Santee, -Uchee, Yamasee, Creek, Choctaw, Seminole, Showano and Cherokee, but of -all of these it is left for us to speak alone of the valiant Cherokee, -the most noble of all Red <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb10" href= -"#pb10" name="pb10">10</a>]</span>Men, who inhabited that picturesque -country in the Appalachian chain of mountains in East Tennessee, -Western North Carolina, Northern Georgia, South Carolina and Alabama, -and part of Virginia, Kentucky and West Virginia.</p> -<p class="par">These are the people of whom little has been said and -less written than most of the children of men. Yet of all of the native -Americans the Cherokee tribe was the most noble, humane and -intelligent.</p> -<p class="par">Somewhere in the annals of the Aborigines of America, -the Cherokee separated from the great Northern tribe, the Iroquois, and -by preference inhabited the hills of the Appalachian range, and here we -find them early in the dawn of American history, occupying a country -which affords ample environment for the artist, the poet and the -painter. Had Homer seen and Michelangelo traveled among the towering -hills of the happiest land of earth, the song and the chisel, instead -of being draped with the vail of blood, would have inspired the world -to look forward to the time when there will be no death serenely -sitting upon the throne of war.</p> -<p class="par">At one time the Cherokee tribe was the largest and most -learned in art and literature of any tribe in the United States, having -perhaps as many as twenty-five thousand people, and attained, under -Sequoya, whose photograph is herein reproduced, that degree of -learning, that many of the tribe became quite familiar with letters and -literature, printed from the alphabet invented by this noted man, -inventor and devout preacher of the Christian gospel.</p> -<p class="par">Sequoya was himself an untutored half-breed, yet to him -are we indebted for an alphabet of 76 characters which stands third -among the alphabets which have been invented among men, and by which a -Cherokee child <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb11" href="#pb11" name= -"pb11">11</a>]</span>learns to read as fluently in six months of study -as does the average English child in three years of study under our -system.</p> -<p class="par">The name Cherokee, so far as research reveals, has no -meaning or the meaning has been lost or perhaps Anglicized, but we have -authority for its use, for the past 375 years.</p> -<p class="par">When De Soto’s expedition was made through the -Appalachian mountains, in 1540, he encountered this great and friendly -nation living peacefully in their paradise among the hills and -mountains, who received him as they were wont to receive a friendly -tribe; so did they ever receive and treat the white neighbor until -treaty after treaty had been broken and their homes had been destroyed -and every compact violated.</p> -<p class="par">Hostilities were in most cases caused by encroaching -whites and broken promises and intrigues of the foreigners, who were -gradually drawing the cordon around the diminishing tribe.</p> -<p class="par">The battle of Horseshoe Bend, which took place in the -Tallapoosa river, in Alabama, on the 27th day of March, 1814, was one -of the notable events in Cherokee history, where Junaluska, in -conjunction with General Jackson, slaughtered or massacred nearly one -thousand Creeks, which ended the Creek war and brought much honor to -Junaluska and his valiant Cherokee army of more than 500 men.</p> -<p class="par">For the terrors which followed the battle of Horseshoe -Bend, we have only to refer to history to be able to ascertain the -facts concerning the bloody atrocities which were perpetrated upon an -oppressed people. Then came the end, which occurred in the year 1838, -which culminated in the removal of the band to the Indian Territory, -which is now called Oklahoma, (a Choctaw word meaning red people, Okla, -people; homa, red). <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb12" href="#pb12" -name="pb12">12</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">This removal was the most luckless and recreant of all -the abuses that had been heaped upon the brave but helpless band of -Cherokee.</p> -<p class="par">Junaluska, who witnessed the removal, but was permitted -to remain with the residue, remarked that had he known that General -Jackson (who became President), would have removed the Cherokee in such -a brutal manner, he would have killed him at the battle of Horseshoe -Bend.</p> -<p class="par">The history of the removal of the Cherokee, as told by -James Mooney of the Department of American Ethnology, gleaned by him -from eye witnesses and actors in the tragedy, may well exceed in weight -of grief and pathos any other act in American history. Even the much -sung song of the exile of the Arcadians falls far behind it in the sum -of death and misery.</p> -<p class="par">Under General Winfield Scott, an army of 5,000 -volunteers and regular troops were concentrated in the Cherokee -country, and by instruction from Washington, D. C., he was directed and -gave orders to soldiers to gather all Indians to the various stockades, -which had been previously prepared for their reception. From these -posts, squads of soldiers were sent to search out, with rifle and -bayonet, every small cabin which could be found within the -ramifications and deep recesses of the great Appalachian range of -mountains, and bring to the forts every man, woman and child to be -found within the gates of the granite hills.</p> -<p class="par">Families, while sitting peacefully at the noon-day meal; -others while performing the matutinal ablution, were suddenly startled -by the gleam of bayonets and with blows, curses and oaths from the men -called soldiers, the Indians were driven like cattle from their humble -homes down the rugged mountain paths, and their houses in <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb13" href="#pb13" name="pb13">13</a>]</span>many -cases were burned and their small possessions destroyed, as the brave -but defenceless Cherokee people looked on with that wonderful stoicism -which no other race of men ever possessed.</p> -<p class="par">Men were seized in the fields, women torn from the wheel -and the distaff, and children frightened from the pleasures of play. -The vandals who followed in the wake of the soldiery, looting and -pillaging, burning and destroying, yet calling themselves civilized -Christians, were such a band of outlaws as is seldom seen even among -the most savage and barbaric races.</p> -<p class="par">Even Indian graves were robbed of the silver pendants -and other valuables which had been deposited with the dead. Women who -were not able to go, were actually forced at the point of a bayonet to -march with the same speed as men.</p> -<p class="par">Upon one occasion the soldiers surrounded the house of -an old Christian patriot, who when informed as to what was to take -place, called his wife, children and grandchildren around him, kneeling -down among them offered a last prayer in the sanctuary of his home, in -his native tongue, while the soldiers stood astonished, looking on in -silence.</p> -<p class="par">When his devotions were finished, he arose, bade the -household follow him, and he led them into exile, with that becoming -Christian fortitude which is seldom witnessed among men.</p> -<p class="par">One woman, on finding the house surrounded, went to the -door and called up the chickens, fed them for the last time, bade them -farewell, then taking her baby upon her back, she extended her hands to -her other two small children, then followed her husband into exile, -from whence she never returned.</p> -<p class="par">A Georgia volunteer, who afterwards became a -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb14" href="#pb14" name= -"pb14">14</a>]</span>Colonel in the Confederate service, said, “I -have fought through the Civil War and have seen men shot to pieces and -slaughtered by the thousands, but the Cherokee removal was the most -cruel work I ever witnessed.”</p> -<p class="par">All were not thus so submissive. One old man named -Tsali, “Charlie,” was seized, with his wife, his brother, -his three sons and their families; exasperated at the brutality -accorded his wife, who being unable to travel fast, was prodded with -the bayonets to hasten her steps, he urged the other men to join him in -a dash for liberty, and as he spoke in Cherokee, the soldiers, although -they heard, understood nothing until each warrior suddenly sprang upon -the soldier nearest and endeavored to wrench his gun from him. The -attack was so sudden and unexpected that one soldier was killed and the -rest fled, while the Indians escaped to the mountains. Hundreds of -others, some of them from the various stockades, managed also to escape -to the hills and mountains from time to time, where those who did not -die from starvation subsisted on roots and wild berries until the hunt -was over.</p> -<p class="par">Finding that it was impossible to secure these -fugitives, General Scott finally tendered them a proposition, through -Colonel W. H. Thomas, known as Wil-Usdi in Cherokee, their trusted -friend and chief, that if they would bring Charlie and his party for -punishment, the rest would be allowed to remain until their case could -be adjusted by the Government.</p> -<p class="par">On hearing of the proposition, Charlie voluntarily came -in with his sons, offering himself as a sacrifice for his people.</p> -<p class="par">By command of General Scott, Charlie, his brother and -the two elder sons were shot, near the mouth of Tuckaseigee river, a -detachment of Cherokee prisoners <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb15" -href="#pb15" name="pb15">15</a>]</span>being compelled to do the -shooting in order to impress upon the Indians the fact of their utter -helplessness.</p> -<p class="par">From those fugitives thus permitted to remain, -originated the present eastern band of Cherokee.</p> -<p class="par">When nearly 17,000 Cherokee had been gathered into the -stockades, the removal began.</p> -<p class="par">Early in June several parties, aggregating about five -thousand persons, were brought down by the troops to the old agency on -Hiwassee river, at the present Calhoun, Tenn., and to Ross landing (now -Chattanooga, Tenn.) and to Gunter’s landing (now Guntersville, -Ala.) lower down on the Tennessee, where they were put upon steamers -and transported down the Tennessee and Ohio to the farther side of the -Mississippi, whence their journey was continued by land to Indian -Territory (now Oklahoma).</p> -<p class="par">The removal in the the hottest part of the year was -attended with so great sickness and mortality that, by resolution of -the Cherokee National Council, John Ross and the other chiefs submitted -to General Scott a proposition that the Cherokee be allowed to remove -themselves in the fall, after the sickly season ended. This was granted -on condition that all should have started by the 20th of October, -except the sick and aged, who might not be able to move so rapidly. -Accordingly, officers were appointed by the Cherokee council to take -charge of the emigration; the Indians being organized into detachments -averaging one thousand each, with two leaders in charge of each -department, and a sufficient number of wagons and horses for the -purpose.</p> -<p class="par">In this way the remainder, enrolled at about 13,000, -(including a few negro slaves), started on the long march overland late -in the fall. Those who thus emigrated under the management of their own -officers, assembled <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb16" href="#pb16" -name="pb16">16</a>]</span>at Rattlesnake Springs, near the present -Charleston, Tenn., where a final council was held, in which it was -decided to continue their old constitution and laws in their new home. -Then, in October, 1838, the long procession of exiles was set in -motion. A few went by the river route, but nearly all went overland. -Crossing, to the north side of the Hiwassee river, at a ferry above -Gunter’s Creek, they proceeded down along the river, the sick, -aged and children, together with their belongings, being hauled in -wagons, the rest on foot or on horses.</p> -<p class="par">It was like an army, 645 wagons, regiment after -regiment, the wagons in the center, the officers along the line, and -the horsemen on the flank and at the rear.</p> -<p class="par">Tennessee river was crossed at Tucker’s ferry, a -short distance above Jolly’s Island, at the mouth of Hiwassee; -thence the route lay south of Pikeville, through McMinnville, and on to -Nashville, where the Cumberland was crossed.</p> -<p class="par">They then went on to Hopkinsville, where the noted chief -White Path, in charge of a detachment, sickened and died. His people -buried him by the roadside, with a box over the grave and poles with -streamers around it, that the others coming on behind might note the -spot and remember him.</p> -<p class="par">Somewhere along that march of death—for the exiles -died by tens and twenties every day of the journey—the devoted -wife of the noted chief, John Ross, sank down and died, leaving him to -go on with bitter pain of bereavement added to the heartbreak at the -ruin and desolation of his nation.</p> -<p class="par">The Ohio was crossed at a ferry near the mouth of the -Cumberland, and the army passed on through southern Illinois until the -great Mississippi was reached, opposite <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb17" href="#pb17" name="pb17">17</a>]</span>Cape Girardean, Missouri. -It was now the middle of winter, with the river running full of ice, so -that several detachments were obliged to wait some time on the eastern -bank for the channel to become clear.</p> -<p class="par">Information furnished by old men at Tahlequah after the -lapse of fifty years showed that time had not sufficed to wipe out the -memory of the miseries of that halt beside the frozen river, with -hundreds of sick and dying penned up in wagons or stretched upon the -ground, with only a blanket overhead to keep out the January blast.</p> -<p class="par">The crossing was at last made, in two divisions, at Cape -Girardean and Green’s ferry, a short distance below, whence the -march was continued on through Missouri to Indian Territory, the later -detachment making a northerly circuit by Springfield, because those who -had gone before had killed off all the game along the direct route.</p> -<p class="par">They had started in October, 1838, and it was now March, -1839, the journey having occupied nearly six months of the hardest part -of the year.</p> -<p class="par">It is difficult to state positively as to the mortality -and loss by reason of the removal of this once happy nation, but as -near as can be ascertained, more than four thousand persons perished -along the great highway of death.</p> -<p class="par">On the arrival in Indian Territory, the exiles at once -set about building houses and planting crops, the government having -agreed under treaty to furnish them rations for one year after arrival. -They were welcomed by their kindred, the “Old Settlers,” -who held the country under previous treaties of 1828 and 1833. These, -however, being already regularly organized under a government and -chiefs of their own, were by no means disposed to be swallowed by the -governmental authority of the newcomers. <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb18" href="#pb18" name="pb18">18</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Jealousies developed, in which the minority or treaty -party of the emigrants, headed by Major Ridge, took sides with the old -settlers against John Ross of the National party, which outnumbered the -others nearly three to one.</p> -<p class="par">While these differences were at their height, the Nation -was thrown into a fever of excitement by the news that Major Ridge, his -son, John Ridge, and Elias Boudinot—all leaders of the treaty -party—had been killed by adherents of the National party, -immediately after the adjournment of a general council, which had -adjourned after nearly two weeks of debate without having been able to -bring about harmonious action. Major Ridge was waylaid and shot near -the Arkansas line, his son was taken from bed and cut to pieces with -hatchets, while Boudinot was treacherously killed at his home at Park -Hill, Indian Territory, all three being killed upon the same day, June -22, 1839, which date marks the decline and fall of a once great and -happy people. For fifty years which followed this luckless day in June, -Indian Territory became a veritable theater of crime and disorder.</p> -<p class="par">From the South meridian of the sunflower state, to the -cypress banks of the Red river, and from Fort Smith to the shifting -sands of the great plains, for half a century sheltered a coterie of -actors that would have made Robin Hood or Kit Carson blush with envy. -The soil of the five tribes has been moistened with human blood when -there was none to answer the cry for vengeance; when no sound save the -deadly snap of the Winchester and the pit-pat of the bronchos' hoofs -were there to bear testimony. Now, those who incited intrigue and -murder are gone, the desperado is a thing of the past, the brave men -who enlisted in the hazardous governmental service <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb19" href="#pb19" name="pb19">19</a>]</span>to give -them battle have disappeared, and the sound of the firing Winchester -used in deadly conflict, has been replaced by the reaper and the mower, -and toilers in the field of commerce and industry.</p> -<p class="par">The Indian tribe has been supplanted by the American -Government; and the school and church have taken the place of the chase -and the feud. Where the wild flowers nodded far out on the lonely -plain, vast fields of wheat and corn whisper the great name of -Oklahoma.</p> -<p class="par">At this writing the eastern band of Cherokee is about to -be dissolved, their lands allotted, and in a few more decades the -Cherokee will have passed, and the name will be presented only in old -records and in the hearts of their descendants. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb21" href="#pb21" name="pb21">21</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div id="pt2" class="div0 part"> -<h2 class="label">PART II</h2> -<h2 class="main">OCCONEECHEE</h2> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="figure xd23e664width" id="p021"><img src="images/p021.jpg" -alt="Along Scott’s Creek, below Balsam, N. C." width="462" -height="720"> -<p class="figureHead">Along Scott’s Creek, below Balsam, N. -C.</p> -<p class="par first">(Highest railway point East of the Rocky Mts.)</p> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="q"> -<div class="body"> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Rippling, idling, swirling slowly,</p> -<p class="line">Leaping down a waterfall.”</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -</div> -<p class="par"><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb23" href="#pb23" name= -"pb23">23</a>]</span></p> -<div class="div1 poem"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h2 class="main">OCCONEECHEE,</h2> -<h2 class="main">The Maid of the Mystic Lake,</h2> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first xd23e136">by Robert Frank Jarrett.</p> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="main">I.</h3> -<div class="lgouter"> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Far away beneath the shadows</p> -<p class="line">Of the towering Smoky range,</p> -<p class="line">In the Western North Carolina,</p> -<p class="line">Comes a story true, but strange;</p> -<p class="line">Of a maiden and her lover,</p> -<p class="line">Of the tribe of Cherokee,</p> -<p class="line">And she lived far up the mountain,</p> -<p class="line">Near the hills of Tennessee.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Far above the habitation</p> -<p class="line">Of the white man, and the plain,</p> -<p class="line">Lived the dark-eyed Indian maiden,</p> -<p class="line">Of the Junaluska strain;</p> -<p class="line">Junaluska, chief, her father,</p> -<p class="line">Occoneechee was his pride,</p> -<p class="line">In the lonely little wigwam,</p> -<p class="line">High upon the mountain side.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb24" href="#pb24" name= -"pb24">24</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">There the stream Oconaluftee</p> -<p class="line">Hides its source far from the eye,</p> -<p class="line">Of the white man in his rovings,</p> -<p class="line">Far upon the mountain high;</p> -<p class="line">And the forest land primeval,</p> -<p class="line">Roamed by doe and wandering bear,</p> -<p class="line">And the hissing, coiling serpent,</p> -<p class="line">Was no stranger to them there.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Catamount and mountain-boomer</p> -<p class="line">Sprang from cliff-side into trees,</p> -<p class="line">And the eagle, hawk and vulture</p> -<p class="line">Winged their course on every breeze.</p> -<p class="line">At the footfall of this maiden</p> -<p class="line">Sped the gobbler wild and free,</p> -<p class="line">From the maiden Occoneechee</p> -<p class="line">Flitted butterfly and bee.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Occoneechee, forest dweller,</p> -<p class="line">Lived amid the scene so wild;</p> -<p class="line">In the simple Indian manner</p> -<p class="line">Lived old Junaluska’s child.</p> -<p class="line">Streams of purest limpid water</p> -<p class="line">Gushed forth o’er the rock below,</p> -<p class="line">And the trout and silver minnow</p> -<p class="line">Dwelt in water, cold as snow.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb25" href="#pb25" name= -"pb25">25</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Occoneechee’s Mother Qualla</p> -<p class="line">Passed away from earth to God,</p> -<p class="line">When this maiden was a baby</p> -<p class="line">And was covered by the sod.</p> -<p class="line">High upon the rugged mountain,</p> -<p class="line">Far above the haunts of men,</p> -<p class="line">With their burdens and their sorrows,</p> -<p class="line">And their load of care and sin.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Thus the maiden knew no mother,</p> -<p class="line">Knew no love as most maids know,</p> -<p class="line">Heard no song, as sung by mother,</p> -<p class="line">Softly, sweetly, plaintive, slow.</p> -<p class="line">When the twilight came at evening,</p> -<p class="line">And the wigwam fire was lit,</p> -<p class="line">And the bearskin robe was spread out</p> -<p class="line">Upon which they were to sit,</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Junaluska wept his Qualla,</p> -<p class="line">Wept the lover who had flown,</p> -<p class="line">For she was the only lover</p> -<p class="line">That this chieftain’s heart had known;</p> -<p class="line">And at night, there was no lover</p> -<p class="line">To sit by him on the rug,</p> -<p class="line">Made of skins of bear and woodchuck,</p> -<p class="line">In the wigwam, crude but snug.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb26" href="#pb26" name= -"pb26">26</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">And at times he’d stand at evening,</p> -<p class="line">When the sun was setting low,</p> -<p class="line">And would watch with adoration</p> -<p class="line">Shifting clouds and scenes below;</p> -<p class="line">And his soul would want to wander</p> -<p class="line">Where the clime of setting sun</p> -<p class="line">Would reveal his long lost Qualla,</p> -<p class="line">When his work of life was done.</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="figure xd23e849width" id="p026-1"><img src= -"images/p026-1.jpg" alt="Sunset from Mt. Junaluska." width="649" -height="477"> -<p class="figureHead">Sunset from Mt. Junaluska.</p> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="q"> -<div class="body"> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“And his soul was wont to wander</p> -<p class="line">To the clime of setting sun.”</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="figure xd23e863width" id="p026-2"><img src= -"images/p026-2.jpg" alt= -"Lake Junaluska, Mount Junaluska in the distance." width="640" height= -"372"> -<p class="figureHead">Lake Junaluska, Mount Junaluska in the -distance.</p> -<p class="par first">(Near Waynesville, N. C.)</p> -<p class="par">This beautiful lake with Alpine environment is -officially recognized by Methodists as their Assembly grounds, where -thousands of their faith gather during the summer months each year for -social and religious intercourse.</p> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">And the tears would fill his eyelids,</p> -<p class="line">And emotion shake his frame,</p> -<p class="line">When he thought of her departed,</p> -<p class="line">Or some friend would speak her name.</p> -<p class="line">And he’d call on God the spirit,</p> -<p class="line">When he’d see the golden glow</p> -<p class="line">Of the radiant splendid sunset,</p> -<p class="line">Where he ever longed to go.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Then he’d think of Occoneechee,</p> -<p class="line">In her adolescent years,</p> -<p class="line">How she needed his protection</p> -<p class="line">There to drive away her fears.</p> -<p class="line">Then he’d cease his deep repining,</p> -<p class="line">And his wailing and his grief,</p> -<p class="line">For her future and her beauty</p> -<p class="line">Brought the chieftain’s heart relief.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb27" href="#pb27" name= -"pb27">27</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Though the life of Occoneechee</p> -<p class="line">Was one lonely strange career,</p> -<p class="line">And the solitude and silence</p> -<p class="line">Made the romance of it drear,</p> -<p class="line">While the wildness of the forest,</p> -<p class="line">With the animals that roam,</p> -<p class="line">And the birds in great profusion</p> -<p class="line">Cheered her little wigwam home,</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Yet her spirit, like the eagle’s,</p> -<p class="line">Longed to soar off and be free</p> -<p class="line">From the wilds of gorge and mountain,</p> -<p class="line">Stream and cliff and crag and tree.</p> -<p class="line">And one day there came a red man</p> -<p class="line">Wandering up the mountain side,</p> -<p class="line">From the vale Oconaluftee</p> -<p class="line">Which was every Indian’s pride.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Tall and handsome, agile runner,</p> -<p class="line">And the keenness of his eye</p> -<p class="line">Did betray his quick perception</p> -<p class="line">To the casual passer-by.</p> -<p class="line">Hair hung down in long black tresses,</p> -<p class="line">Far below his shoulder-blade,</p> -<p class="line">And the brilliant painted feathers</p> -<p class="line">By the passing winds were swayed.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb28" href="#pb28" name= -"pb28">28</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">And the arrows in his quiver</p> -<p class="line">Tipped with variegated stone,</p> -<p class="line">And the tomahawk and war knife,</p> -<p class="line">All the weapons he had known;</p> -<p class="line">Yet he knew all of their uses,</p> -<p class="line">None could wield with greater skill</p> -<p class="line">Tomahawk or knife or arrow,</p> -<p class="line">Than this wandering Whippoorwill.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Occoneechee, sitting lonely,</p> -<p class="line">In a shady little nook,</p> -<p class="line">Near the opening, by the wigwam,</p> -<p class="line">And the babbling crystal brook;</p> -<p class="line">She was bathing feet and ankles,</p> -<p class="line">Arms and hands she did refresh,</p> -<p class="line">In the iridescent splendor</p> -<p class="line">Of the fountain cool and fresh.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Whippoorwill, the wandering warrior,</p> -<p class="line">Spied the maiden by the pool,</p> -<p class="line">‘Neath the spreading tree above her,</p> -<p class="line">By the limpid stream so cool;</p> -<p class="line">Then he ventured there to tarry,</p> -<p class="line">Watch and linger in the wild,</p> -<p class="line">Near the maiden and the fountain,</p> -<p class="line">Watch this forest-dwelling child.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb29" href="#pb29" name= -"pb29">29</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Though a warrior, brave, undaunted</p> -<p class="line">By the fiercest, wildest foe,</p> -<p class="line">In the battle’s hardest struggle,</p> -<p class="line">Chasing bear and buck and doe;</p> -<p class="line">For his life was used to hardships,</p> -<p class="line">Scaling mountains in the chase,</p> -<p class="line">Yet he ne’er was known to falter</p> -<p class="line">‘Mid the hottest of the race.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">But he now was moved by caution</p> -<p class="line">To approach, with greatest care,</p> -<p class="line">The unknown maid, there before him,</p> -<p class="line">And the scene so rich and rare;</p> -<p class="line">And his brave heart almost failed him</p> -<p class="line">As he comes up to her side,</p> -<p class="line">And obeisance makes he to her,</p> -<p class="line">E’er the chieftain she espied.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Occoneechee sprang up quickly</p> -<p class="line">From the rock moss-covered seat,</p> -<p class="line">All abashed, but lithe and nimble</p> -<p class="line">Were her ankles and her feet.</p> -<p class="line">“O-I-see-you,” were the greetings</p> -<p class="line">They exchanged spontaneously,</p> -<p class="line">As they moved off together.</p> -<p class="line">Occoneechee leads the way,</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb30" href="#pb30" name= -"pb30">30</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">To the quiet little wigwam,</p> -<p class="line">Where old Junaluska dwells</p> -<p class="line">With the maiden Occoneechee,</p> -<p class="line">And for whom his heart up-wells.</p> -<p class="line">Spreading out the flowing doe-skin</p> -<p class="line">Flat upon the earthen floor,</p> -<p class="line">Occoneechee and the warrior</p> -<p class="line">Sat and talked the chases o’er.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Sat and talked of bear and venison,</p> -<p class="line">Sat and smoked the calumet.</p> -<p class="line">These the greetings of the warrior,</p> -<p class="line">When the maiden first he met.</p> -<p class="line">Whippoorwill, the wandering warrior,</p> -<p class="line">Tarried for a night and day,</p> -<p class="line">Tarried long within the wigwam,</p> -<p class="line">And was loath to go away,</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">For the maid and Junaluska</p> -<p class="line">To the warrior were so kind,</p> -<p class="line">That ‘twere hard among the tribesmen</p> -<p class="line">Such a generous clan to find.</p> -<p class="line">But at dawn upon the morrow,</p> -<p class="line">Whippoorwill must wend his way</p> -<p class="line">From old Junaluska’s wigwam,</p> -<p class="line">For too long had been his stay.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb31" href="#pb31" name= -"pb31">31</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Kind affection, Junaluska</p> -<p class="line">Gave to parting Whippoorwill,</p> -<p class="line">As he sauntered from the wigwam,</p> -<p class="line">Wandering toward the rugged rill.</p> -<p class="line">Now the silence so unbroken</p> -<p class="line">Starts a tear-drop in each eye,</p> -<p class="line">And the gentle passing zephyr</p> -<p class="line">Gathered up the lover’s sigh,</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">And the sighs were borne to heaven,</p> -<p class="line">Like as lovers' sighs ascend,</p> -<p class="line">As the good angelic zephyrs</p> -<p class="line">Bear the message, friend to friend.</p> -<p class="line">Now each heart was sore and lonely,</p> -<p class="line">Sad the parting lovers feel,</p> -<p class="line">Yet the hopes of love’s devotion</p> -<p class="line">Deep into each life did steal.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">And when Whippoorwill had left them,</p> -<p class="line">Good old Junaluska said</p> -<p class="line">To his daughter Occoneechee,</p> -<p class="line">“Would you like this brave to wed?”</p> -<p class="line">Occoneechee, timid maiden,</p> -<p class="line">Never thought of love before,</p> -<p class="line">For she ne’er had spread the doe-skin</p> -<p class="line">Wide upon the earthen floor,</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb32" href="#pb32" name= -"pb32">32</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">For a warrior, brave as he was,</p> -<p class="line">One possessed of skill so rare,</p> -<p class="line">With his tomahawk and war knife,</p> -<p class="line">And such long black raven hair;</p> -<p class="line">And she knew not how to answer,</p> -<p class="line">Though she felt as lovers do,</p> -<p class="line">When they plight their deep devotion</p> -<p class="line">To each other to be true.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">“Occoneechee! child of wild woods,</p> -<p class="line">I am growing old and gray,</p> -<p class="line">And I feel I soon must leave you,</p> -<p class="line">Though I grieve to go away.</p> -<p class="line">I can feel the hand of time, child,</p> -<p class="line">Pressing down upon my head,</p> -<p class="line">And I know it won’t be long now</p> -<p class="line">Till I’m resting with the dead.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">“I can hear your mother calling,</p> -<p class="line">Sweetly, gently, calling me,</p> -<p class="line">Beckoning from the golden sunset,</p> -<p class="line">And she calls also for thee.</p> -<p class="line">’Twas just last night she stood beside me,</p> -<p class="line">While you lay there sound asleep,</p> -<p class="line">And she called me, ‘Junaluska!’</p> -<p class="line">And her voice caused me to weep.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb33" href="#pb33" name= -"pb33">33</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">“And she said, ‘Dear Junaluska,</p> -<p class="line">I have come to tell you where</p> -<p class="line">You will find me at the portals</p> -<p class="line">Of the Lord’s house over there.</p> -<p class="line">I will be among the blessed,</p> -<p class="line">Be with angels up on high.</p> -<p class="line">Have no fears of Death’s dark river,</p> -<p class="line">Be courageous till you die.’</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">“Then she stood and sang a message</p> -<p class="line">O’er you in your lonely bed,</p> -<p class="line">For a moment, then departed;</p> -<p class="line">And I called, but she had fled.</p> -<p class="line">Yet I daily hear her sweet voice,</p> -<p class="line">And I see her image there,</p> -<p class="line">As she calls us unto heaven,</p> -<p class="line">‘Mid the pleasures, O, so rare.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">“And I soon shall cross the river,</p> -<p class="line">And will join her on the strand,</p> -<p class="line">With immortals long departed,</p> -<p class="line">In the fair, blest, happy land.</p> -<p class="line">When I’m gone you’ll need protection,</p> -<p class="line">By a brave who knows no fear,</p> -<p class="line">And when sorrows overflow you,</p> -<p class="line">One to wipe away the tear.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb34" href="#pb34" name= -"pb34">34</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">“Then I’ll watch and wait with Qualla,</p> -<p class="line">With the chiefs and warriors brave,</p> -<p class="line">Who have joined the tribe eternal,</p> -<p class="line">Conquered death, hell and the grave.</p> -<p class="line">I shall watch then for your coming,</p> -<p class="line">And I’ll tell the mighty throng</p> -<p class="line">That you’re coming in the future,</p> -<p class="line">And we’ll greet you with the song,</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">“That the seraphs sing in glory,</p> -<p class="line">Casting gem crowns at the feet,</p> -<p class="line">Praising Him who reigns forever</p> -<p class="line">On the grand tribunal seat.”</p> -<p class="line">As he talked his voice grew weaker,</p> -<p class="line">And his hand grew very chill,</p> -<p class="line">Then the moisture crowned his forehead,</p> -<p class="line">And his pulse was deathly still.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Then she knew that her dear mother</p> -<p class="line">And the great chiefs that had been</p> -<p class="line">Had op’ed the gate of heaven wide</p> -<p class="line">To let another brave chief in.</p> -<p class="line">Then she sobbed out for her father,</p> -<p class="line">As a broken-hearted child</p> -<p class="line">Will for loved ones just departed,</p> -<p class="line">Left so lonely in the wild.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb35" href="#pb35" name= -"pb35">35</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">But the dead, too soon forgotten,</p> -<p class="line">Now lies buried by the side</p> -<p class="line">Of his much lamented Qualla,</p> -<p class="line">Once his sweet and lovely bride,</p> -<p class="line">While their spirits dwell together,</p> -<p class="line">Free from care and want and pain,</p> -<p class="line">Where the tempest full of sorrow</p> -<p class="line">Ne’er can reach their souls again.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Years had flown since Occoneechee</p> -<p class="line">Saw her loving Whippoorwill,</p> -<p class="line">High upon the Smoky Mountain,</p> -<p class="line">Near the crystal rippling rill;</p> -<p class="line">For the white man had transported</p> -<p class="line">Brave and squaw and little child</p> -<p class="line">Far away to Oklahoma,</p> -<p class="line">To the western hills so wild.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Some had gone to the Dakotas,</p> -<p class="line">Some had gone to Mexico,</p> -<p class="line">Some had joined the tribe eternal;</p> -<p class="line">All were going, sure but slow.</p> -<p class="line">For the white man’s occupation,</p> -<p class="line">Cherokee must give their land,</p> -<p class="line">And must give up all possessions,</p> -<p class="line">Go and join some other band.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb36" href="#pb36" name= -"pb36">36</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Yet a residue of tribesmen</p> -<p class="line">Were allowed here to remain,</p> -<p class="line">‘Mid the mountains and the forest,</p> -<p class="line">And the meadows and the plain,</p> -<p class="line">But the strong men and the warriors,</p> -<p class="line">Most of them had gone away,</p> -<p class="line">Far across the mighty mountains</p> -<p class="line">Toward the closing of the day.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">General Jackson’s men in blue coats</p> -<p class="line">Came and took away the braves,</p> -<p class="line">Took away the squaw and papoose,</p> -<p class="line">Buried many in their graves,</p> -<p class="line">Yet the residue triumphant,</p> -<p class="line">Roamed out in the forest wild,</p> -<p class="line">Without shelter, food or comfort,</p> -<p class="line">For decrepid chief and child.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Sad and weary, long and dreary,</p> -<p class="line">Moved the Cherokee out West,</p> -<p class="line">With their store of skins and venison,</p> -<p class="line">And the trinkets they possessed.</p> -<p class="line">Up across the Smoky Mountains,</p> -<p class="line">Rough and rugged trail and road,</p> -<p class="line">Lined by rhododendron blossoms,</p> -<p class="line">Close beside where Lufty flowed.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb37" href="#pb37" name= -"pb37">37</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">When they down the gorge descended,</p> -<p class="line">Winding toward the Tennessee,</p> -<p class="line">Branch and bough o’erhead were bending</p> -<p class="line">And no landscape could they see,</p> -<p class="line">And the labyrinthian footway</p> -<p class="line">Led through forests dense and dark</p> -<p class="line">And the air was sweetly laden</p> -<p class="line">With the bruised birchen bark;</p> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="table"> -<table> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft cellTop"> -<div class="figure xd23e1451width" id="p037-1"><img src= -"images/p037-1.jpg" alt="A glimpse of the Craggies." width="328" -height="506"> -<p class="figureHead">A glimpse of the Craggies.</p> -</div> -</td> -<td class="cellRight cellTop"> -<div class="figure xd23e1456width" id="p037-2"><img src= -"images/p037-2.jpg" alt="From top of Chimney Rock." width="332" height= -"511"> -<p class="figureHead">From top of Chimney Rock.</p> -</div> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft cellBottom"> -<div class="figure xd23e1462width" id="p037-3"><img src= -"images/p037-3.jpg" alt="Graybeard Mountain." width="332" height="509"> -<p class="figureHead">Graybeard Mountain.</p> -</div> -</td> -<td class="cellRight cellBottom"> -<div class="figure xd23e1467width" id="p037-4"><img src= -"images/p037-4.jpg" alt="Chimney Top." width="334" height="513"> -<p class="figureHead">Chimney Top.</p> -</div> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Hemlocks tall and swaying gently</p> -<p class="line">In the sighing passing breeze,</p> -<p class="line">And the fir and spreading balsam</p> -<p class="line">Joined the cadence of the trees.</p> -<p class="line">At the base of birch and hemlock</p> -<p class="line">Flowed the Pigeon fierce and bold,</p> -<p class="line">With its water clear as crystal,</p> -<p class="line">And its fountains icy cold;</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Flowed the dauntless rapid waters,</p> -<p class="line">Fresh and pure and ever free,</p> -<p class="line">Rushed o’er cataract and cascade,</p> -<p class="line">Ever onward toward the sea.</p> -<p class="line">Whippoorwill, the wandering warrior,</p> -<p class="line">Shorn of power and of pride,</p> -<p class="line">Marched in single file and lonely,</p> -<p class="line">With his hands behind him tied.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb38" href="#pb38" name= -"pb38">38</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Hands were bound with thongs and fetters—</p> -<p class="line">Thongs and fetters could not hold</p> -<p class="line">Brave so gallant young and noble</p> -<p class="line">As this valiant warrior bold.</p> -<p class="line">For his thoughts of Occoneechee,</p> -<p class="line">Who was left far, far behind,</p> -<p class="line">With the residue of women,</p> -<p class="line">Stirred his brave heart and his mind.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">On and on for days they traveled</p> -<p class="line">By the stream whose silver flow,</p> -<p class="line">From the great high Smoky Mountains,</p> -<p class="line">Became silent now and slow;</p> -<p class="line">For the rocks and rising ridges,</p> -<p class="line">Once their progress did impede,</p> -<p class="line">Now were fading in the distance,</p> -<p class="line">Could not now retard their speed.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">And the journey, long and tedious,</p> -<p class="line">Wore the women, wore the brave,</p> -<p class="line">And they sore and much lamented,</p> -<p class="line">To be bound as serf or slave;</p> -<p class="line">For their free-born spirits never</p> -<p class="line">Had been bound by man before,</p> -<p class="line">Till the blue-coat Jackson soldier</p> -<p class="line">Came and dragged them from their door.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb39" href="#pb39" name= -"pb39">39</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Corn was blooming on the lowlands</p> -<p class="line">When the journey they betook,</p> -<p class="line">And the grass gave much aroma,</p> -<p class="line">By the laughing Soco brook;</p> -<p class="line">But the suns and moons oft waning</p> -<p class="line">Brought the moon of ripening corn</p> -<p class="line">To a nation, broken-hearted,</p> -<p class="line">With a doubting hope forlorn.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Level lands brought no enchantment</p> -<p class="line">To a people who had known</p> -<p class="line">Naught but freedom till the present,</p> -<p class="line">Whose utopian dream had flown;</p> -<p class="line">Flown as flows the radiant river,</p> -<p class="line">Flown as flows the hopes of youth,</p> -<p class="line">From the red man of the forest.</p> -<p class="line">They were no more free, forsooth.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">By and by the Father Waters</p> -<p class="line">Came in view of brave and squaw,</p> -<p class="line">And the skiff and side-wheel steamer</p> -<p class="line">Were the shifting scenes they saw,</p> -<p class="line">Plying fast the Father Waters,</p> -<p class="line">With a current slow and still,</p> -<p class="line">And reverberating whistles</p> -<p class="line">Shrieked a medley loud and shrill.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb40" href="#pb40" name= -"pb40">40</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">And the ferryboat was busy,</p> -<p class="line">Plying fast the liquid wave</p> -<p class="line">Of the Father Water’s current,</p> -<p class="line">Bearing squaw and chief and brave,</p> -<p class="line">Till the last brave Indian warrior</p> -<p class="line">Crossed the Father Waters' tide,</p> -<p class="line">Crossed the gentle flowing river,</p> -<p class="line">With its current deep and wide.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Then they rested from their journey,</p> -<p class="line">Rested for a little while,</p> -<p class="line">On the bluff above the river,</p> -<p class="line">Where they saw her laughing smile.</p> -<p class="line">They could see the sun at morning</p> -<p class="line">Rise up quickly from his rest,</p> -<p class="line">See him hasting to his zenith,</p> -<p class="line">Soon to go down in the west.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Then the winter came on quickly,</p> -<p class="line">Killing corn and grass and cane,</p> -<p class="line">And the wind brought cloudy weather,</p> -<p class="line">With its snow and mist and rain,</p> -<p class="line">And the tribe within the barracks</p> -<p class="line">Were disheartened, one and all.</p> -<p class="line">And they longed now for their Lufty,</p> -<p class="line">With its cascade and its fall.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb41" href="#pb41" name= -"pb41">41</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">But at last the genial sunshine</p> -<p class="line">Took away the ice that froze</p> -<p class="line">The corn of hope, from the tribesmen,</p> -<p class="line">And the chilly wind that blows,</p> -<p class="line">Along the valley, of the river,</p> -<p class="line">Over bog and prairie, too;</p> -<p class="line">And an order came with springtime,</p> -<p class="line">“You the journey must renew.”</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Then they rose up in the morning,</p> -<p class="line">Rose before the dawn of day,</p> -<p class="line">Rolled and tied the tents together,</p> -<p class="line">And were quickly on their way,</p> -<p class="line">On their way to Oklahoma,</p> -<p class="line">Out across Missouri land,</p> -<p class="line">Chief and squaw and wary warrior,</p> -<p class="line">Marched the Cherokee brave band.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">To the western reservation,</p> -<p class="line">Where the bison and the owl,</p> -<p class="line">And the she-wolf, fox and serpent</p> -<p class="line">Writhe and roam and nightly prowl;</p> -<p class="line">This the country where they took them,</p> -<p class="line">This the country that they gave</p> -<p class="line">In exchange for their own country,</p> -<p class="line">To the chief and squaw and brave.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb42" href="#pb42" name= -"pb42">42</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Leaving all they loved behind them,</p> -<p class="line">Leaving all to them most dear,</p> -<p class="line">And they settled there so lonely,</p> -<p class="line">In a country dry and drear;</p> -<p class="line">There to pine away in sorrow,</p> -<p class="line">And repining, die of grief;</p> -<p class="line">From the solitude and silence</p> -<p class="line">Of this land there’s no relief.</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="main">II.</h3> -<div class="lgouter"> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Amid the hills of Carolina,</p> -<p class="line">Hills impregnant with rich bliss,</p> -<p class="line">With their grots and groves and fountains,</p> -<p class="line">Hills that love-beams love to kiss;</p> -<p class="line">Roamed the dark, but pretty maiden,</p> -<p class="line">Occoneechee, lovely child,</p> -<p class="line">Roamed she far out in the mountains,</p> -<p class="line">‘Mid their solitude so wild.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Dreamed she oft here, as she rambled,</p> -<p class="line">Of her warrior Whippoorwill,</p> -<p class="line">Of her lover, long her lover,</p> -<p class="line">Whom she first met near the rill,</p> -<p class="line">High upon the Smoky Mountains,</p> -<p class="line">Where the sunset’s afterglow</p> -<p class="line">Holds the secrets of Dame Nature</p> -<p class="line">From the sons of men below.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb43" href="#pb43" name= -"pb43">43</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Occoneechee sought her lover,</p> -<p class="line">Down Oconaluftee’s vale,</p> -<p class="line">Through the brush and tangled wildwood,</p> -<p class="line">Without compass, chart or trail,</p> -<p class="line">Where the river Tuckaseigee</p> -<p class="line">Dashes down its rocky bed,</p> -<p class="line">Near a trail long since deserted,</p> -<p class="line">Over which a tribe once sped.</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="table"> -<table> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft cellTop"> -<div class="figure xd23e1794width" id="p043-1"><img src= -"images/p043-1.jpg" alt="Upper Catawba Falls, Esmeralda, N. C." width= -"326" height="505"> -<p class="figureHead">Upper Catawba Falls, Esmeralda, N. C.</p> -</div> -</td> -<td class="cellRight cellTop"> -<div class="figure xd23e1799width" id="p043-2"><img src= -"images/p043-2.jpg" alt="Occoneechee Falls, Jackson County, N. C." -width="332" height="514"> -<p class="figureHead">Occoneechee Falls, Jackson County, N. C.</p> -</div> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft cellBottom"> -<div class="figure xd23e1805width" id="p043-3"><img src= -"images/p043-3.jpg" alt="In the Cherokee Country." width="331" height= -"507"> -<p class="figureHead">In the Cherokee Country.</p> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="q"> -<div class="body"> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Falls and foams and seethes forever.”</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -</div> -</td> -<td class="cellRight cellBottom"> -<div class="figure xd23e1817width" id="p043-4"><img src= -"images/p043-4.jpg" alt="Whitewater Falls." width="333" height="510"> -<p class="figureHead">Whitewater Falls.</p> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="q"> -<div class="body"> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Pours its deluge down the ravine</p> -<p class="line">Unobstructed in its rage.”</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -</div> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Then she wandered down the river,</p> -<p class="line">On and on, as on it flows,</p> -<p class="line">Wades the river, wades its branches,</p> -<p class="line">Follows it where’er it goes</p> -<p class="line">Through the laurel brush and ivy,</p> -<p class="line">Over spreading beds of fern,</p> -<p class="line">Over rock moss-covered ledges,</p> -<p class="line">Follows every winding turn,</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Till it flows into the river,</p> -<p class="line">Called the Little Tennessee,</p> -<p class="line">Here she lingers long and tarries,</p> -<p class="line">And she strains her eyes to see</p> -<p class="line">If her vision will reveal him,</p> -<p class="line">And abates her breath to hear</p> -<p class="line">The voice of Whippoorwill, her lover,</p> -<p class="line">One of all to her most dear.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb44" href="#pb44" name= -"pb44">44</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Yet no sound came to relieve her,</p> -<p class="line">And no vision came to please,</p> -<p class="line">And it never dawned upon her,</p> -<p class="line">Here among the virgin trees,</p> -<p class="line">That her lover was transported,</p> -<p class="line">With the brave and chief and child</p> -<p class="line">To the land of Oklahoma,</p> -<p class="line">Land so lonely, weird and wild.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Up the stream she then ascended,</p> -<p class="line">Slowly, surely did she march,</p> -<p class="line">‘Neath the spreading oak and hemlock,</p> -<p class="line">Resting oft beneath their arch.</p> -<p class="line">Walls of solid spar and granite</p> -<p class="line">Roared their heads up toward the blue,</p> -<p class="line">But no wall or hill or river</p> -<p class="line">Could impede the maiden true.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">She now reached the Nantahala,</p> -<p class="line">Picturesque in every way,</p> -<p class="line">And she rested ‘neath the shadow</p> -<p class="line">Of the mountain tall and gray;</p> -<p class="line">High the mountain, clear the water,</p> -<p class="line">That comes rushing down the side</p> -<p class="line">Of the mountain from the forest</p> -<p class="line">With its unpolluted tide.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb45" href="#pb45" name= -"pb45">45</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Speckled beauties swam the water,</p> -<p class="line">Swam as only they can do;</p> -<p class="line">Deer in herds roamed all the forest,</p> -<p class="line">Only Cherokees were few.</p> -<p class="line">Eagles, swift upon their pinions,</p> -<p class="line">Soared aloft upon the air,</p> -<p class="line">They would turn their eyes to heaven,</p> -<p class="line">Then down on the maiden fair,</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">As to guard her in her roaming,</p> -<p class="line">For she had no other guide,</p> -<p class="line">Save one squaw and constellation,</p> -<p class="line">And the racing river tide.</p> -<p class="line">Birds had ceased their long migration,</p> -<p class="line">Not a cloud disturbed the blue</p> -<p class="line">Of the canopy of heaven,</p> -<p class="line">And the country they passed through.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Nightingale and thrush and robin</p> -<p class="line">Mated, sang and dwelt serene,</p> -<p class="line">In the forest, by the river,</p> -<p class="line">With its banks so fresh and green,</p> -<p class="line">And each spoke to Occoneechee,</p> -<p class="line">In the language Nature gives,</p> -<p class="line">Of the flora and the fauna,</p> -<p class="line">Where the child of Nature lives.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb46" href="#pb46" name= -"pb46">46</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Then she rambled through the mountains,</p> -<p class="line">To the summit, grand and high,</p> -<p class="line">Where Tusquittee’s bald and forest</p> -<p class="line">Penetrates the cloudless sky.</p> -<p class="line">Unobstructed vision reaches</p> -<p class="line">‘Cross the Valley River, wide,</p> -<p class="line">To the Hiawassee river,</p> -<p class="line">Flowing in its lordly pride.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Here the panorama rises</p> -<p class="line">In its beauty grand and gay,</p> -<p class="line">As you linger on the summit,</p> -<p class="line">As you hesitating stay;</p> -<p class="line">Visions long out in the distance;</p> -<p class="line">Haunt you with enchanted smile,</p> -<p class="line">And the reverie of Nature</p> -<p class="line">Doth the wanderer beguile.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Valleytown, the Indian village,</p> -<p class="line">And Aquone, the camping ground,</p> -<p class="line">Cheoas vale within the distance,</p> -<p class="line">Once where Cherokee were found,</p> -<p class="line">Came within the easy focus</p> -<p class="line">Of the trained observant eye</p> -<p class="line">Of the maiden on the mountain,</p> -<p class="line">Near the clearest vaulted sky.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb47" href="#pb47" name= -"pb47">47</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Occoneechee looked and wondered,</p> -<p class="line">Scanned the mountain, scanned the vale,</p> -<p class="line">And she lifted up her voice there,</p> -<p class="line">And began to weep and wail;</p> -<p class="line">For her lover, long departed,</p> -<p class="line">For her lover brave and true,</p> -<p class="line">And she wondered if he tarried</p> -<p class="line">In the reaches of her view.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Still no sight or sound revealed him,</p> -<p class="line">Beauty smiled and smiled again,</p> -<p class="line">As she sighed and prayed to Nature,</p> -<p class="line">Yet her anxious thoughts were vain.</p> -<p class="line">For the valley and the mountain,</p> -<p class="line">And the river and the rill,</p> -<p class="line">Separated Occoneechee</p> -<p class="line">From her lover Whippoorwill.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Then she to the Hiawassee,</p> -<p class="line">Wound the mountain-side and vale,</p> -<p class="line">And she made a boat of hemlock,</p> -<p class="line">And she left the mountain trail,</p> -<p class="line">And she launched the boat of hemlock</p> -<p class="line">On the Hiawassee tide,</p> -<p class="line">Launched the boat and went within it,</p> -<p class="line">Down the silver stream to glide.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb48" href="#pb48" name= -"pb48">48</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Down the river set with forest,</p> -<p class="line">Nottely joins the quickened pace</p> -<p class="line">Of the river and the maiden,</p> -<p class="line">In their onward rapid race,</p> -<p class="line">And she passes through the narrows,</p> -<p class="line">Through the narrows quick she flew,</p> -<p class="line">Through the spray and foaming current,</p> -<p class="line">With her long hemlock canoe.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Faster sped the boat of hemlock,</p> -<p class="line">Past the mountains and the shoal,</p> -<p class="line">Past the inlet Conasauga,</p> -<p class="line">Where Okoee waters roll;</p> -<p class="line">Here she stopped to make inquiry</p> -<p class="line">Of a relegated brave.</p> -<p class="line">If he’d seen her wandering lover,</p> -<p class="line">In the forest, by the wave.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Then she left the boat of hemlock,</p> -<p class="line">Roamed the forest far and wide,</p> -<p class="line">Crossed the mountain streams and fountains,</p> -<p class="line">With their cliff and foaming tide,</p> -<p class="line">Followed far Okoee river,</p> -<p class="line">Toccoa laves her weary feet,</p> -<p class="line">Ellijay and Coogawattee</p> -<p class="line">Do the pretty maiden greet.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb49" href="#pb49" name= -"pb49">49</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Not a word in all her wanderings</p> -<p class="line">Did she hear of Whippoorwill,</p> -<p class="line">Though she roamed through leagues of forest,</p> -<p class="line">And by many a rippling rill.</p> -<p class="line">Candy creek and Oostanula,</p> -<p class="line">Both were followed to their source,</p> -<p class="line">With their winding current flowing</p> -<p class="line">In their ever onward course.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Where the brave had traveled with her,</p> -<p class="line">And had told her many tales</p> -<p class="line">Of the wars he’d been engaged in,</p> -<p class="line">And the windings of the trails,</p> -<p class="line">Over which the tribe had traveled</p> -<p class="line">In the years that long had flown,</p> -<p class="line">And the land now held by strangers,</p> -<p class="line">Which his tribe once called their own.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">And at evening in the autumn,</p> -<p class="line">When the leaves turn brown and red,</p> -<p class="line">And the hickory and the maple</p> -<p class="line">Gild with yellow as they shed,</p> -<p class="line">And the poplar and the chestnut,</p> -<p class="line">And the beech and chinquapin,</p> -<p class="line">Hide the squirrel and the pheasant</p> -<p class="line">From the sight of selfish men;</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb50" href="#pb50" name= -"pb50">50</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Where the grapevine climbs the alder,</p> -<p class="line">Clings with tendril to the pine,</p> -<p class="line">And the air is sweetly laden</p> -<p class="line">With rich odors from the vine;</p> -<p class="line">And the walnut and the dogwood</p> -<p class="line">Furnish dainties rich and rare,</p> -<p class="line">For the chipmunk and the partridge,</p> -<p class="line">Which perchance do wander there.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Where the otter slide is slickened,</p> -<p class="line">And the weasel and the mink</p> -<p class="line">Do come creeping down the river,</p> -<p class="line">There to bathe and fish and drink,</p> -<p class="line">And the red fox roams the forest,</p> -<p class="line">And defies the fleetest hound,</p> -<p class="line">And the panther in the forest</p> -<p class="line">Makes a hideous screaming sound.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Here the brave would sit and tell them</p> -<p class="line">Tales and myths told oft before,</p> -<p class="line">Tales of war and of adventure,</p> -<p class="line">By great chiefs now known no more;</p> -<p class="line">And one night they heard the shrieking</p> -<p class="line">Of a wildcat near the stream,</p> -<p class="line">That awakened them from slumber</p> -<p class="line">And disturbed their peaceful dream;</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb51" href="#pb51" name= -"pb51">51</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">For a panther, fierce and fearless,</p> -<p class="line">Had come creeping down the side</p> -<p class="line">Of the cliffs far up the mountain,</p> -<p class="line">Near the Hiawassee tide,</p> -<p class="line">And they met down near the river,</p> -<p class="line">And they fought down near the stream,</p> -<p class="line">And they made the night grow hideous</p> -<p class="line">With their awful shrieks and scream.</p> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="figure xd23e2250width" id="p051-1"><img src= -"images/p051-1.jpg" alt="The Balsam Mountains." width="647" height= -"478"> -<p class="figureHead">The Balsam Mountains.</p> -<p class="par first">In Jackson Co., N. C.</p> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="figure xd23e2257width" id="p051-2"><img src= -"images/p051-2.jpg" alt="North from Sunset Rock, Tryon Mt." width="642" -height="481"> -<p class="figureHead">North from Sunset Rock, Tryon Mt.</p> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Then she took her boat of hemlock,</p> -<p class="line">And they launched it on the wave,</p> -<p class="line">And they sat upon its gunnels,</p> -<p class="line">Occoneechee squaw and brave,</p> -<p class="line">And they pushed out in the current,</p> -<p class="line">Where the waves were rolling high,</p> -<p class="line">And the boat sped through the rapids,</p> -<p class="line">Fast as flocks of pigeons fly.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Pushed they down and ever onward</p> -<p class="line">Toward the placid Tennessee,</p> -<p class="line">To the island and the inlet</p> -<p class="line">Of the rolling Hiawassee.</p> -<p class="line">Here they camped o’er night and rested,</p> -<p class="line">Told they tales of long ago,</p> -<p class="line">With their memories and sorrows</p> -<p class="line">Breathed they out their care and woe.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb52" href="#pb52" name= -"pb52">52</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Then they floated down the river,</p> -<p class="line">On its smooth, unrippled tide.</p> -<p class="line">To the creek of Chicamauga,</p> -<p class="line">Where so many braves had died.</p> -<p class="line">And they tented near the river,</p> -<p class="line">Tied their boat up to the bank,</p> -<p class="line">Where John Ross had crossed the river,</p> -<p class="line">Where his ferryboat once sank.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Wandered through the vale of dryness,</p> -<p class="line">Chattanooga’s pretty flow,</p> -<p class="line">Clear as crystal, pure as sunbeams,</p> -<p class="line">Winding hither too and fro.</p> -<p class="line">Drank the waters, bathed they in it,</p> -<p class="line">Fished and hunted stream and plain,</p> -<p class="line">Where the buffalo once wandered,</p> -<p class="line">But where none now doth remain.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Like a serpent that is crawling,</p> -<p class="line">Wriggling, writhing, resting not,</p> -<p class="line">Fleeing from a strange invader</p> -<p class="line">To some lone secluded spot,</p> -<p class="line">Winds and curves and turns forever,</p> -<p class="line">In its course that has no end,</p> -<p class="line">Swings to starboard and to larboard,</p> -<p class="line">Round the Moccasin’s great bend.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb53" href="#pb53" name= -"pb53">53</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Flows the river on forever,</p> -<p class="line">By the nodding flowering tree,</p> -<p class="line">Shedding fragrance like a censer,</p> -<p class="line">Flows the pretty Tennessee;</p> -<p class="line">On her bosom’s crest is carried</p> -<p class="line">Precious burdens, rich and rare,</p> -<p class="line">From the fertile fields about her,</p> -<p class="line">And the ozone-laden air.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Occoneechee squaw and warrior</p> -<p class="line">Rode the silver-flowing tide,</p> -<p class="line">in the boat made out of hemlock,</p> -<p class="line">Which so long had been their pride;</p> -<p class="line">But the time now came for parting,</p> -<p class="line">As must come in every life,</p> -<p class="line">That is heir to human nature,</p> -<p class="line">With its toil and woe and strife.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Here Sequatchie’s fertile valley,</p> -<p class="line">They approached and must ascend,</p> -<p class="line">Like the cloud before the sunbeam,</p> -<p class="line">Driven by the fiercest wind;</p> -<p class="line">Then they hid the boat of hemlock,</p> -<p class="line">Sure and safe, then bade adieu,</p> -<p class="line">To the boat upon the river,</p> -<p class="line">Which had been their friend so true.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb54" href="#pb54" name= -"pb54">54</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Then they mounted little ponies,</p> -<p class="line">Fresh and sleek and fat and fast,</p> -<p class="line">And they sped along the valley,</p> -<p class="line">Like the birds upon the blast,</p> -<p class="line">Looking for the handsome warrior,</p> -<p class="line">Looking hither, glancing there,</p> -<p class="line">And quite often on the journey,</p> -<p class="line">They would stop to offer prayer;</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">But the valley held the secret;</p> -<p class="line">Not a living man could wrest,</p> -<p class="line">From the valley rich and fertile,</p> -<p class="line">Secrets buried in its breast;</p> -<p class="line">Though the tribe had ceased to own it,</p> -<p class="line">Though the tribe had passed away,</p> -<p class="line">From the valley of Sequatchie,</p> -<p class="line">Like the fading of the day,</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Still the signs and many tokens</p> -<p class="line">Told a tale of war and strife,</p> -<p class="line">Where the whites had used the rifle,</p> -<p class="line">And the braves had used the knife,</p> -<p class="line">For the bleaching bones of warriors</p> -<p class="line">Were discovered everywhere,</p> -<p class="line">And the hideous sight brought sorrow,</p> -<p class="line">To this maiden now so fair,</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb55" href="#pb55" name= -"pb55">55</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Birds were singing in the forest,</p> -<p class="line">Merrily and full of glee,</p> -<p class="line">And a symphony unrivaled</p> -<p class="line">Flooded forestland and lea;</p> -<p class="line">With the mellow tones from singers,</p> -<p class="line">Varied, versatile and sweet,</p> -<p class="line">Came from forest and from meadow,</p> -<p class="line">Came the attuned ear to greet.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">And when evening shade would settle,</p> -<p class="line">And the moon full rose to view,</p> -<p class="line">And the zephyrs filled the valley,</p> -<p class="line">And the flowers suffused with dew,</p> -<p class="line">Then the nightingale would lure them</p> -<p class="line">Or the mockingbird hold sway,</p> -<p class="line">From the advent of Orion,</p> -<p class="line">Till the dawning of the day.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Stretching meadows lay before them,</p> -<p class="line">Rich with fragrance, rare with flowers,</p> -<p class="line">Variegated blending colors</p> -<p class="line">Lent a rapture to its bowers,</p> -<p class="line">That outstripped the fields elysian,</p> -<p class="line">Decked with Nature’s rarest guise,</p> -<p class="line">Pleasure-house for wisest sages,</p> -<p class="line">Such as only fools despise.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb56" href="#pb56" name= -"pb56">56</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Such the scenes within the valley,</p> -<p class="line">As they joyous sped along,</p> -<p class="line">Filled with rapture, filled with pleasure,</p> -<p class="line">At the scenery and the song.</p> -<p class="line">Nature clapped her hands exultant,</p> -<p class="line">In the sylvan groves so green,</p> -<p class="line">Where the Goddess Proserpina</p> -<p class="line">Was enthroned majestic queen.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Mighty warriors red with passion,</p> -<p class="line">Once had trod this virgin soil,</p> -<p class="line">And had rested in the valley,</p> -<p class="line">When o’ercome by heat and toil;</p> -<p class="line">Sportive maidens once delighted</p> -<p class="line">To engage in dance and song,</p> -<p class="line">With the warriors in the valley,</p> -<p class="line">With the chieftains brave and strong.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">But the mighty men and maidens</p> -<p class="line">Long since ceased this land to roam,</p> -<p class="line">Since the pale face armed with power,</p> -<p class="line">Killed the braves and burned the home,</p> -<p class="line">Took the land and burned the wigwam,</p> -<p class="line">Bound the chief and drove away,</p> -<p class="line">All the warriors, squaws and maidens,</p> -<p class="line">Toward the golden close of day.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb57" href="#pb57" name= -"pb57">57</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Happy children, wild with rapture,</p> -<p class="line">Laughed with ecstasy and glee,</p> -<p class="line">Once had filled the vale with echoes,</p> -<p class="line">And had sported lithe and free,</p> -<p class="line">All along the hill-locked valley,</p> -<p class="line">Played lacrosse and strung the bow,</p> -<p class="line">Ran the races, caught the squirrel,</p> -<p class="line">In the distant long ago.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Sped they like the rolling torrent,</p> -<p class="line">Thru the Appalachian chain,</p> -<p class="line">With its towering peaks and gorges,</p> -<p class="line">‘Mid its sunshine and its rain,</p> -<p class="line">Sped along the flowing Chuckey,</p> -<p class="line">With its reddened banks of clay,</p> -<p class="line">Were delighted by its beauty,</p> -<p class="line">Were enticed with it to stay;</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Saw the rushing, rolling waters</p> -<p class="line">Fall and foam and seeth below,</p> -<p class="line">Saw the cascade of Watauga</p> -<p class="line">Surging hither to and fro;</p> -<p class="line">Looked with tireless vision upward,</p> -<p class="line">Viewed from summits high and proud,</p> -<p class="line">Landscapes grander than Olympus,</p> -<p class="line">With their crags above the cloud.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb58" href="#pb58" name= -"pb58">58</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">“Occoneechee,” said the warrior,</p> -<p class="line">In a gentle tone, and mild,</p> -<p class="line">“I remember all this grandeur,</p> -<p class="line">Since I was a little child,</p> -<p class="line">I have traveled trail and mountain,</p> -<p class="line">Chased Showono, deer and bear,</p> -<p class="line">Crossed Kentucky in the chases,</p> -<p class="line">Seen the blue-grass state so fair.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Once while hotly, I pursuing,</p> -<p class="line">Buck with antlers fierce and strong,</p> -<p class="line">Came upon a band of white men,</p> -<p class="line">With their rifles black and long,</p> -<p class="line">Came a flash of rifle powder,</p> -<p class="line">Quick as lightning came the sounds,</p> -<p class="line">From reverberating rifles,</p> -<p class="line">And the bark of baying hounds.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">They had slain the buck with antlers,</p> -<p class="line">And would be upon me soon,</p> -<p class="line">If discovered by their captain,</p> -<p class="line">By their captain, Daniel Boone;</p> -<p class="line">He the hunter, Indian hater,</p> -<p class="line">Chief and captain, pioneer,</p> -<p class="line">Known to every tribe and tribesman,</p> -<p class="line">To be destitute of fear.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb59" href="#pb59" name= -"pb59">59</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Quick I back into the forest,</p> -<p class="line">Without noise or slightest sound,</p> -<p class="line">Lest perchance I draw attention,</p> -<p class="line">From the hunter or his hound.</p> -<p class="line">’Twas a wilderness of wildness,</p> -<p class="line">Transylvania was its name,</p> -<p class="line">Home of coon and hare and turkey,</p> -<p class="line">And all sorts of kindred game.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Once the noble chiefs and warriors</p> -<p class="line">Roamed Kentucky far and wide,</p> -<p class="line">Far along the broad Ohio,</p> -<p class="line">Strode the Indians by her tide;</p> -<p class="line">And they camped and roamed the forest,</p> -<p class="line">Dense and dark, supremely grand,</p> -<p class="line">Dominated vale and forest,</p> -<p class="line">Dominated all the land;</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Chased the scouting bands of warriors,</p> -<p class="line">Who would dare to camp and die,</p> -<p class="line">On the soil of old Kentucky,</p> -<p class="line">Where the meadow grass grew high;</p> -<p class="line">Hiding ‘neath the waving grasses,</p> -<p class="line">Where the muskrat and the snake,</p> -<p class="line">And the hedge hog and the weasel,</p> -<p class="line">Lurked in shade of vine and brake.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb60" href="#pb60" name= -"pb60">60</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">I was with good Junaluska,</p> -<p class="line">In the battles and the raids,</p> -<p class="line">Where the Creek and the Showano</p> -<p class="line">Lent each other all their aids,</p> -<p class="line">When upon the Tallapoosa</p> -<p class="line">River, at the Horseshoe bend,</p> -<p class="line">We joined hands with General Jackson,</p> -<p class="line">And by death we made an end,</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Of the Creeks and all their allies,</p> -<p class="line">Who assembled, one and all.</p> -<p class="line">To resist our mighty forces,</p> -<p class="line">They had built their mighty wall,</p> -<p class="line">Built it strong and reinforced it,</p> -<p class="line">Not a single spot was weak,</p> -<p class="line">For ’twas built by master workmen,</p> -<p class="line">By the tribesmen of the Creek.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">When the work was strong and finished,</p> -<p class="line">All the warriors came to dwell</p> -<p class="line">In the fortress, by the river,</p> -<p class="line">Came they tales of war to tell;</p> -<p class="line">Came a thousand of the warriors,</p> -<p class="line">With their weapons and their wives,</p> -<p class="line">Came and lodged within the fortress,</p> -<p class="line">Like the swarming bees in hives;</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb61" href="#pb61" name= -"pb61">61</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Brought their children and their chattels,</p> -<p class="line">Brought they gun, and club and spear,</p> -<p class="line">For they thought once in the fortress,</p> -<p class="line">That they’d have no harm to fear,</p> -<p class="line">But the Cherokee and Jackson</p> -<p class="line">Brought out cannon great and small,</p> -<p class="line">And they raised the siege of Horseshoe,</p> -<p class="line">Throwing many a shell and ball;</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Into fortress, into village,</p> -<p class="line">Flew the missiles thick and fast,</p> -<p class="line">Like the rain, among the rigging,</p> -<p class="line">Of the sailor’s spar and mast,</p> -<p class="line">Crushing, crashing stone of fortress,</p> -<p class="line">Making splinters of the wall,</p> -<p class="line">Of the fortress by the river,</p> -<p class="line">With the heavy cannon ball.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">But it fell not in the fury</p> -<p class="line">Of the battle’s hottest fray,</p> -<p class="line">Stood the test like old Gibraltar,</p> -<p class="line">All the night and all the day,</p> -<p class="line">And the progress was so slowly,</p> -<p class="line">That the battle must be lost,</p> -<p class="line">To the Cherokee and Jackson,</p> -<p class="line">And so great would be the cost,</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb62" href="#pb62" name= -"pb62">62</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">If some means were not discovered,</p> -<p class="line">To dislodge the valiant Creek,</p> -<p class="line">Now entrenched within the fortress,</p> -<p class="line">Growing strong instead of weak.</p> -<p class="line">Junaluska said to Jackson,</p> -<p class="line">‘Choose ye this day man or men,</p> -<p class="line">Who can breast the tide before you,</p> -<p class="line">Who will try to enter in;</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Who can swim the Tallapoosa,</p> -<p class="line">Who can stem the flowing tide,</p> -<p class="line">Who are noble, strong and fearless,</p> -<p class="line">And have God upon their side.</p> -<p class="line">If you have such men among you,</p> -<p class="line">Let them come forth one and all,</p> -<p class="line">Let them dare to do their duty,</p> -<p class="line">Let them dare to stand or fall.’</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Not one man of all the white men</p> -<p class="line">Could be found who dared to try</p> -<p class="line">To o’ercome the Tallapoosa,</p> -<p class="line">Or would risk his life to die.</p> -<p class="line">So your guide whom God has given,</p> -<p class="line">Volunteered to risk the wave,</p> -<p class="line">With your father, Junaluska,</p> -<p class="line">Volunteered, his tribe to save.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb63" href="#pb63" name= -"pb63">63</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Then we sought our God in silence,</p> -<p class="line">And became resigned to death,</p> -<p class="line">That lay out upon the current</p> -<p class="line">Of the river’s silent breath.</p> -<p class="line">Under cover of the darkness,</p> -<p class="line">And the solitude of night,</p> -<p class="line">We betook the awful peril,</p> -<p class="line">With a tremor of delight.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Silently we now descended</p> -<p class="line">To the deathlike river tide,</p> -<p class="line">Following a star’s reflection,</p> -<p class="line">For a signboard and a guide;</p> -<p class="line">To point out the right direction,</p> -<p class="line">And to bring us into port,</p> -<p class="line">Where the canoes lay at anchor,</p> -<p class="line">Near the stolid silent fort.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Quick we loosed them from their moorings</p> -<p class="line">Each man lashed beside his boat—</p> -<p class="line">Quite a dozen, swift as arrows,</p> -<p class="line">And we set them all afloat;</p> -<p class="line">Shot them straight across the river,</p> -<p class="line">Like a flash at lightning speed,</p> -<p class="line">Faster than the fleetest greyhound,</p> -<p class="line">Bounding like a blooded steed.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb64" href="#pb64" name= -"pb64">64</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">When we reached the army’s landing,</p> -<p class="line">Quick the boats were filled with men;</p> -<p class="line">Like a thunderbolt from heaven,</p> -<p class="line">Did the deadly work begin.</p> -<p class="line">Transports glided o’er the current,</p> -<p class="line">Like a shuttle to and fro,</p> -<p class="line">Moving Cherokee and white men,</p> -<p class="line">To confront a worthy foe.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Scaled the ramparts of the fortress,</p> -<p class="line">Stormed the inner citadel,</p> -<p class="line">And we massacred the inmates!</p> -<p class="line">How? No human tongue can tell.</p> -<p class="line">Not a woman, child or human</p> -<p class="line">Made escape, but all were slain</p> -<p class="line">In the fort or in the river,</p> -<p class="line">Or upon the gory plain.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">When the massacre and slaughter</p> -<p class="line">Had abated, all the slain</p> -<p class="line">Numbered more than a thousand,</p> -<p class="line">In the fort or on the plain.</p> -<p class="line">Many floated in the river,</p> -<p class="line">Many died out in the woods,</p> -<p class="line">And were buried in the forest,</p> -<p class="line">By erosion or the floods.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb65" href="#pb65" name= -"pb65">65</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Sad and silent stood the fortress,</p> -<p class="line">All deserted and alone;</p> -<p class="line">Not a man or child or matron,</p> -<p class="line">Now was left to claim their own.</p> -<p class="line">All the warriors and the chieftains</p> -<p class="line">Died in conflict true and brave;</p> -<p class="line">None were left to tell the story,</p> -<p class="line">Or to mark some lonely grave.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Cruel man! O God, forgive them!</p> -<p class="line">Pity such a cruel race.</p> -<p class="line">In their stead, O God of nations,</p> -<p class="line">Send some one to take their place,</p> -<p class="line">Who is humane, who is human,</p> -<p class="line">Who is honest, kind and true,</p> -<p class="line">Who when given strength and power,</p> -<p class="line">Destroys not, but spares a few.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">In the lore of ancient nations,</p> -<p class="line">In the tales of modern times,</p> -<p class="line">In the prose that now remaineth,</p> -<p class="line">Nor the poet’s splendid rhymes,</p> -<p class="line">Is a story told more cruel</p> -<p class="line">Than the slaughter of the Creeks,</p> -<p class="line">By the Persians, Jews or Romans,</p> -<p class="line">Macedonians or Greeks;</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb66" href="#pb66" name= -"pb66">66</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Where a nation, like a shadow,</p> -<p class="line">Vanished quickly and was not,</p> -<p class="line">Like a vapor in the valley</p> -<p class="line">Passes and is soon forgot.</p> -<p class="line">Passes like a fleeing phantom,</p> -<p class="line">Like a mist before the sun,</p> -<p class="line">Came and tarried for a moment,</p> -<p class="line">And forever was undone.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Occoneechee, come and travel,</p> -<p class="line">To the distant mountains high,</p> -<p class="line">Where the summit of the mountains,</p> -<p class="line">Tower upward toward the sky.</p> -<p class="line">Delectable the splendid mountains,</p> -<p class="line">Rich in ferns forever green,</p> -<p class="line">And the galaxy of the mountains</p> -<p class="line">Are the rarest ever seen.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Mortal eyes have never witnessed,</p> -<p class="line">Mortal tongue can never tell</p> -<p class="line">Of the grandeur and the beauty</p> -<p class="line">Of the ravine and the dell.</p> -<p class="line">Strange declivities confront you,</p> -<p class="line">Then a sudden upright wall</p> -<p class="line">Rises like a mystic figure,</p> -<p class="line">With a splendid waterfall.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb67" href="#pb67" name= -"pb67">67</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">I will take you to the summit</p> -<p class="line">Of the mountains white with age,</p> -<p class="line">And will show you where the tempests</p> -<p class="line">Rush and roar with ceaseless rage,</p> -<p class="line">Where phenomena electric</p> -<p class="line">Makes mysterious display</p> -<p class="line">Of their power and their beauty</p> -<p class="line">In the distance far away;</p> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="figure xd23e3100width" id="p067-1"><img src= -"images/p067-1.jpg" alt="Balsam Mountains." width="647" height="485"> -<p class="figureHead"><span class="corr" id="xd23e3102" title= -"Not in source">Balsam Mountains.</span></p> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="q"> -<div class="body"> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“I will take you to the summit</p> -<p class="line">Of the mountains white with age.”</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="figure xd23e3115width" id="p067-2"><img src= -"images/p067-2.jpg" alt="From Bald Rock." width="640" height="489"> -<p class="figureHead">From Bald Rock.</p> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="q"> -<div class="body"> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“At the juncture of the river</p> -<p class="line">Where the Indians used to dwell.<span class="corr" id= -"xd23e3127" title="Not in source">”</span></p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">You can see the flash of lightning,</p> -<p class="line">And can hear the thunders roll,</p> -<p class="line">With reverberating echoes,</p> -<p class="line">That o’erwhelm your very soul,</p> -<p class="line">Make you sigh and shake and shudder,</p> -<p class="line">Make you tremble like a leaf,</p> -<p class="line">Make you crouch in soul and body,</p> -<p class="line">Like the life o’ercome with grief.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Yet you stand and gaze in wonder,</p> -<p class="line">Watch the elements grown dark;</p> -<p class="line">Adoration turns to terror,</p> -<p class="line">At the least electric spark;</p> -<p class="line">Vivid flashes light the heavens,</p> -<p class="line">Keep them in perpetual glow,</p> -<p class="line">Like aurora borealis</p> -<p class="line">From beyond eternal snow.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb68" href="#pb68" name= -"pb68">68</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">God eternal sends the sunshine,</p> -<p class="line">Melts the vapor, chains the cloud,</p> -<p class="line">Cages up the lightning flashes,</p> -<p class="line">Stops the peels of thunder loud.</p> -<p class="line">Changes discord into music,</p> -<p class="line">And the soul with it He thrills,</p> -<p class="line">From the music on the mountains,</p> -<p class="line">Made by leaping, laughing rills.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Look! behold the ray that cometh,</p> -<p class="line">Fills the earth with hope again,</p> -<p class="line">Dissipates the clouds and vapor,</p> -<p class="line">With their shadows and their rain.</p> -<p class="line">See the sunburst full of glory,</p> -<p class="line">Shoot forth rays of gilt and gold,</p> -<p class="line">Sung by bards, portrayed by artists</p> -<p class="line">Yet its glory ne’er was told.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Painters fail to give description,</p> -<p class="line">Fail on canvas to portray,</p> -<p class="line">Rising sun within the mountains,</p> -<p class="line">And the glorious dawn of day;</p> -<p class="line">Sages, bards and humble poets,</p> -<p class="line">All are pigmies in the eyes</p> -<p class="line">Of the one who stands and watches</p> -<p class="line">Sunshine from its sleep arise.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb69" href="#pb69" name= -"pb69">69</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Picturesque! O scenes eternal!</p> -<p class="line">From the dizzy, dizzy heights</p> -<p class="line">Of Grandfather, Rone and Linville,</p> -<p class="line">From which rivers take their flights.</p> -<p class="line">Yadkin, Broad and the Catawbas,</p> -<p class="line">Where the Indians used to roam,</p> -<p class="line">Are the habitation only</p> -<p class="line">Of the white man and his home.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">High upon the Linville mountains</p> -<p class="line">Creeps a silent silver stream,</p> -<p class="line">From the shadows of the forest,</p> -<p class="line">Like the splendor of a dream,</p> -<p class="line">Then it runs amid the boulders,</p> -<p class="line">Joins with many sparkling rills,</p> -<p class="line">That comes rushing from the forest,</p> -<p class="line">Of those high eternal hills,</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Till its speed becomes augmented,</p> -<p class="line">Till you hear the rushing sounds,</p> -<p class="line">Of the Linville river raging,</p> -<p class="line">As it leaps and falls and bounds,</p> -<p class="line">As it dashes through the granite,</p> -<p class="line">Falls into the natural pool,</p> -<p class="line">Built by nature in the chasm,</p> -<p class="line">With its water clear and cool.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb70" href="#pb70" name= -"pb70">70</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">In the Blue Ridge range of mountains</p> -<p class="line">Stand a thousand spires and domes,</p> -<p class="line">Built of adamant eternal,</p> -<p class="line">From whose base the river roams,</p> -<p class="line">Like the maiden Occoneechee,</p> -<p class="line">Wanders out replete with tears,</p> -<p class="line">Into strange lands, unto strangers,</p> -<p class="line">Thru the lapse of passing years,</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Longing to be reunited,</p> -<p class="line">With her fiance forever,</p> -<p class="line">From his presence and his wooing,</p> -<p class="line">To be separated never.</p> -<p class="line">Thus the river and the maiden</p> -<p class="line">Rambled through the mountains wild,</p> -<p class="line">Seeking for a long lost lover,</p> -<p class="line">As a mother seeks her child.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Climbs the black dome of the mountain,</p> -<p class="line">Richest pinnacle e’er seen;</p> -<p class="line">And the landscape lay before her,</p> -<p class="line">With its mounds and vales between.</p> -<p class="line">Lends enchantment grand and gorgeous,</p> -<p class="line">Gives a new lease unto life,</p> -<p class="line">And you soon forget you’re living</p> -<p class="line">In a world of care and strife.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb71" href="#pb71" name= -"pb71">71</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Thus Mount Mitchell in the Blue Ridge,</p> -<p class="line">Zenith hill among the hills,</p> -<p class="line">Sends forth life anew forever,</p> -<p class="line">And a thousand rippling rills.</p> -<p class="line">In the distance the Savannah’s</p> -<p class="line">Flows a stream of pure delight,</p> -<p class="line">Flows she on, and on forever,</p> -<p class="line">Never stopping day or night.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">For her mission is a true one,</p> -<p class="line">And the river ever true,</p> -<p class="line">Rolls along the grandest valley,</p> -<p class="line">That a river e’er rolled through;</p> -<p class="line">Peopled by a population</p> -<p class="line">Rich in soul and thought divine,</p> -<p class="line">From her source up in the mountains,</p> -<p class="line">Till her soul the sea entwines.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Turning to the sun that’s setting,</p> -<p class="line">Setting far beyond the rim,</p> -<p class="line">Of the horizon of vision,</p> -<p class="line">Where the eyes grow weak and dim,</p> -<p class="line">You behold the Swannanoa,</p> -<p class="line">Naiad, pure and fresh and sweet,</p> -<p class="line">Crystalline, and cool and limpid,</p> -<p class="line">Strays some other stream to greet.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb72" href="#pb72" name= -"pb72">72</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">From the cliffside in the mountains</p> -<p class="line">Roll a thousand little streams,</p> -<p class="line">Laughing as they greet each other,</p> -<p class="line">Where the sunshine never beams;</p> -<p class="line">Rippling, idling, swirling slowly,</p> -<p class="line">Leaping down a waterfall,</p> -<p class="line">You can hear the drops of water,</p> -<p class="line">Sweetly to their compeers call.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Down the valley glides the river,</p> -<p class="line">Murmuring a sad farewell,</p> -<p class="line">To the birds and bees and people,</p> -<p class="line">Who along its highway dwell;</p> -<p class="line">Wishing them a happy future,</p> -<p class="line">Wishing them prosperity,</p> -<p class="line">While it fills its many missions</p> -<p class="line">‘Twixt the mountains and the sea.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Bathing rocks, refreshing people,</p> -<p class="line">Casting up its silver spray,</p> -<p class="line">As it glides along the valley,</p> -<p class="line">Flows forever and for aye.</p> -<p class="line">Men may move their tents and chattels,</p> -<p class="line">Others die or go astray,</p> -<p class="line">Still the stream flows fresh forever,</p> -<p class="line">Never resting night or day.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb73" href="#pb73" name= -"pb73">73</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Giving life unto the flowers,</p> -<p class="line">Blooming on its verdant side,</p> -<p class="line">As it travels, as it journeys,</p> -<p class="line">As its ripples make their stride.</p> -<p class="line">In the gloaming of the twilight,</p> -<p class="line">When the birds had ceased to fly,</p> -<p class="line">And the dazzling dome of heaven</p> -<p class="line">Gave resplendence to the sky.</p> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="figure xd23e3446width" id="p073"><img src="images/p073.jpg" -alt="Lower Cullasaja Falls." width="464" height="720"> -<p class="figureHead">Lower Cullasaja Falls.</p> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="q"> -<div class="body"> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“From the cliffside in the mountains</p> -<p class="line">Roll a thousand little streams.”</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Occoneechee, squaw and warrior,</p> -<p class="line">Watched the stream, as on it sped,</p> -<p class="line">Rippling o’er the pebbly bottom,</p> -<p class="line">Lying on its rocky bed;</p> -<p class="line">Grasses waving green around them,</p> -<p class="line">Nodding boughs bid them adieu,</p> -<p class="line">And it wafted them caresses,</p> -<p class="line">Like the sunbeams sparkling dew.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Precious fragrance filled the valley,</p> -<p class="line">From the sweet shrub and the pine,</p> -<p class="line">Luscious fruits and ripening melons</p> -<p class="line">Lade the apple tree and vine.</p> -<p class="line">All along the pretty valley,</p> -<p class="line">Harvest fields and curing hay</p> -<p class="line">Make the white man rich and happy,</p> -<p class="line">Where the warriors used to stray.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb74" href="#pb74" name= -"pb74">74</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">At the juncture of the river,</p> -<p class="line">Where the Indians used to dwell,</p> -<p class="line">Where they made their pots of red clay,</p> -<p class="line">Made them crude but made them well,</p> -<p class="line">Here they tented long and hunted,</p> -<p class="line">Fished the Tah-kee-os-tee stream,</p> -<p class="line">Strolled along the racing river,</p> -<p class="line">Where its rippling waters gleam.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Moons passed on, and yet no greetings</p> -<p class="line">Came to cheer the wandering maid,</p> -<p class="line">Who so long had sought her lover,</p> -<p class="line">Till her hopes began to fade,</p> -<p class="line">And she felt that she must hasten,</p> -<p class="line">Quickly hasten thru the wild,</p> -<p class="line">By the rapid river racing,</p> -<p class="line">She the nature-loving child.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Then they took their little ponies,</p> -<p class="line">Girt them with a roebuck hide,</p> -<p class="line">Seated on the nimble ponies,</p> -<p class="line">Started swiftly on the ride,</p> -<p class="line">On to Toxaway the river,</p> -<p class="line">On to Toxaway the lake,</p> -<p class="line">Where the leaf of vine and alder,</p> -<p class="line">Hide the muskrat and the snake.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb75" href="#pb75" name= -"pb75">75</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">All along the racing river,</p> -<p class="line">Gorgeous forest trees are seen,</p> -<p class="line">And the wild deer in the forest</p> -<p class="line">Dwells beneath the coat of green.</p> -<p class="line">Here the beaver, hare and turkey</p> -<p class="line">Share their food and come to drink,</p> -<p class="line">In the splendid spreading forest,</p> -<p class="line">Near the Tah-kee-os-tee’s brink.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Here they fished and caught the rainbow,</p> -<p class="line">Caught the little mountain trout,</p> -<p class="line">In the lake and in the river,</p> -<p class="line">With their poles both crude and stout;</p> -<p class="line">Caught the squirrel and the pheasant,</p> -<p class="line">Chased the turkey, deer and bear,</p> -<p class="line">Caught a-plenty, all they needed,</p> -<p class="line">Yet they had not one to spare.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">In the sapphire land they lingered</p> -<p class="line">Many days and many nights,</p> -<p class="line">On the mountains, ‘mid the laurel,</p> -<p class="line">Looking at the wondrous sights,</p> -<p class="line">That will greet you in the mountains,</p> -<p class="line">That you see in vales below,</p> -<p class="line">As you tread the paths untrodden,</p> -<p class="line">As you wander to and fro.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb76" href="#pb76" name= -"pb76">76</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">In the forest land primeval</p> -<p class="line">Where the fountains form their heads,</p> -<p class="line">Lies the famous vale of flowers,</p> -<p class="line">Splendid valley of pink beds.</p> -<p class="line">Every tribe and every hunter</p> -<p class="line">Knows this lone secluded spot,</p> -<p class="line">From the other vales so famous;</p> -<p class="line">When once seen is ne’er forgot.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">In this vale of flowers and sunshine,</p> -<p class="line">Lies the Aidenn, most tranquil,</p> -<p class="line">Where the sore and heavy-laden,</p> -<p class="line">Gambol peacefully at will;</p> -<p class="line">Hear the trill of distant music,</p> -<p class="line">Played on Nature’s vibrant chime,</p> -<p class="line">Resonant with sweetest concord</p> -<p class="line">All attuned to perfect time.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Here the weary, heavy-laden</p> -<p class="line">Soul, may lose his load of care,</p> -<p class="line">And the body, sick and wounded,</p> -<p class="line">Find an answer to his prayer.</p> -<p class="line">Precious incense here arises,</p> -<p class="line">From the brasier of the vale</p> -<p class="line">That ascends the lofty mountains,</p> -<p class="line">By an unseen, trackless trail.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb77" href="#pb77" name= -"pb77">77</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Pisgah stands, the peer and rival</p> -<p class="line">Of Olympus, famed of old,</p> -<p class="line">Where the gods met in their councils,</p> -<p class="line">And their consultations held.</p> -<p class="line">Looking far across the valleys,</p> -<p class="line">They behold on either side,</p> -<p class="line">Rivers, vales and gushing fountains,</p> -<p class="line">Which forever shall abide.</p> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="figure xd23e3671width" id="p077-1"><img src= -"images/p077-1.jpg" alt="Mount Pisgah." width="647" height="641"> -<p class="figureHead"><span class="corr" id="xd23e3673" title= -"Not in source">Mount Pisgah.</span></p> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="q"> -<div class="body"> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Pisgah stands the peer and rival</p> -<p class="line">of Olympus, famed of old.”</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="figure xd23e3686width" id="p077-2"><img src= -"images/p077-2.jpg" alt="Indian Mound, Franklin, N. C." width="648" -height="324"> -<p class="figureHead">Indian Mound, Franklin, N. C.</p> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="q"> -<div class="body"> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Where the mound stands in the meadow</p> -<p class="line">There the tribe was wont to gather.”</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">In the distance stands eternal,</p> -<p class="line">Junaluska’s pretty mound,</p> -<p class="line">Which in beauty of the landscape</p> -<p class="line">Is the grandest ever found.</p> -<p class="line">Rushing streams of purest water,</p> -<p class="line">Giving off their silver spray,</p> -<p class="line">Add a beauty to the forest,</p> -<p class="line">In a new and novel way.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">And the balsam peaks of fir tree</p> -<p class="line">Looks like midnight in the day,</p> -<p class="line">Looks like shadows in the sunshine,</p> -<p class="line">In the fading far away.</p> -<p class="line">Dense and dark and much foreboding</p> -<p class="line">Apprehensions do declare,</p> -<p class="line">To the one who sleeps beneath them</p> -<p class="line">With its flood of balmy air.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb78" href="#pb78" name= -"pb78">78</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">“Occoneechee, forest dweller,</p> -<p class="line">We have traveled many miles,</p> -<p class="line">Through the mountains, o’er the valleys,</p> -<p class="line">Where the face of Nature smiled;</p> -<p class="line">We have tasted of the fountains,</p> -<p class="line">Whence breaks forth the Keowee,</p> -<p class="line">Nymph of beauty, joy and pleasure,</p> -<p class="line">Once the home of Cherokee.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">We have rested near the water,</p> -<p class="line">Seen the fleck and shimmering flow,</p> -<p class="line">Of the waters kissed by Nature,</p> -<p class="line">Lovely river Tugaloo,</p> -<p class="line">Where the Cherokee once rambled,</p> -<p class="line">Spoiled ‘mid the scenes so wild,</p> -<p class="line">Where the forest and the river</p> -<p class="line">Have the wood-gods oft beguiled.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Wandered o’er the sapphire country,</p> -<p class="line">Land which doth the soul delight,</p> -<p class="line">With its mounds and vales and rivers;</p> -<p class="line">God ne’er made a holier site</p> -<p class="line">For the human race to dwell in,</p> -<p class="line">Where the human soul can rise,</p> -<p class="line">Higher in its aspirations</p> -<p class="line">Toward the rich Utopian skies”</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb79" href="#pb79" name= -"pb79">79</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Here the lyrics sung by Nature,</p> -<p class="line">Played upon its strings of gold,</p> -<p class="line">Float out on the evening breezes,</p> -<p class="line">And its music ne’er grows old,</p> -<p class="line">To the soul and life and spirit,</p> -<p class="line">Which is bent and bowed with care.</p> -<p class="line">This the sweetest land Elysian,</p> -<p class="line">To the one who wanders there.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Convolutions of the lilies,</p> -<p class="line">Tranquil bloom and curve and die,</p> -<p class="line">Near the river, ‘neath the shadows</p> -<p class="line">Of the white pine, smooth and high.</p> -<p class="line">Sparkling, gleaming in the sunlight</p> -<p class="line">Bursts the water, pure and free,</p> -<p class="line">From the rocks high on the mountains,</p> -<p class="line">Once the home of Cherokee.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Dancing, rippling, roaring, rushing,</p> -<p class="line">Comes Tallulah in its rage,</p> -<p class="line">Like an eagle bounding forward,</p> -<p class="line">From an exit in a cage.</p> -<p class="line">In the distance, you behold it</p> -<p class="line">Rise and babble, laugh and smile;</p> -<p class="line">Then amid the reeds and rushes,</p> -<p class="line">Turns and loiters for awhile.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb80" href="#pb80" name= -"pb80">80</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Then it curves among the eddies,</p> -<p class="line">Hastens on to meet the bend,</p> -<p class="line">In the meadows, like the fragrance</p> -<p class="line">Borne aloft upon the wind;</p> -<p class="line">Silently reflecting sunbeams</p> -<p class="line">To the distant verdant hill</p> -<p class="line">From its surface calm and placid,</p> -<p class="line">Smooth, untarnished little rill;</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Gleams and glides accelerated,</p> -<p class="line">As it gathers, as it grows,</p> -<p class="line">As the brook becomes a river,</p> -<p class="line">As it ever onward flows;</p> -<p class="line">Swirls and turns and dashes downward,</p> -<p class="line">Heaves and moans and dashes wild,</p> -<p class="line">For a chasm down the canyon,</p> -<p class="line">Like a lost, demented child;</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Furious, frantic, leaps and lashes</p> -<p class="line">Down into the great abyss,</p> -<p class="line">Falls and foams and seethes forever</p> -<p class="line">Where the rocks and river kiss.</p> -<p class="line">Tallulah Falls, the work and wonder</p> -<p class="line">Of the cycles and the age,</p> -<p class="line">Pours its deluge down the ravine,</p> -<p class="line">Unobstructed in its rage.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb81" href="#pb81" name= -"pb81">81</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Flying fowls of evil omen,</p> -<p class="line">Dare not stop it in its flight,</p> -<p class="line">Lest the river overwhelm them</p> -<p class="line">With its power of strength and might—</p> -<p class="line">Lest the river dash to pieces</p> -<p class="line">Bird or beast that would impede</p> -<p class="line">Such a torrent as confronts you</p> -<p class="line">With its force of fearful speed.</p> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="figure xd23e3910width" id="p081"><img src="images/p081.jpg" -alt="Tallulah Falls, Ga." width="462" height="720"> -<p class="figureHead">Tallulah Falls, Ga.</p> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="q"> -<div class="body"> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“In the forest land primeval</p> -<p class="line">Where the fountains form their heads.”</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Then it rushes fast and furious</p> -<p class="line">Into mist and fog and spray,</p> -<p class="line">Rises like the ghost of Banquo,</p> -<p class="line">Will not linger, stop nor stay.</p> -<p class="line">O’er the precipice it plunges,</p> -<p class="line">Bounds and surges down the steep,</p> -<p class="line">As it gushes forth forever,</p> -<p class="line">Toward the blue and boundless deep.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">In the Appalachian mountains</p> -<p class="line">Stands Satulah, high and proud,</p> -<p class="line">With its base upon the Blue Ridge,</p> -<p class="line">And its head above the cloud.</p> -<p class="line">From its top the panorama</p> -<p class="line">Rises grandly into view,</p> -<p class="line">And presents a thousand landscapes,</p> -<p class="line">Every one to Nature true.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb82" href="#pb82" name= -"pb82">82</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Round by round the mountains rise up,</p> -<p class="line">Round on round, and tier on tier,</p> -<p class="line">You behold them in their beauty,</p> -<p class="line">Through a vista, bright and clear.</p> -<p class="line">Like concentric circles floating,</p> -<p class="line">Ebbing on a crystal bay</p> -<p class="line">To the distance they’re receding,</p> -<p class="line">Fading like declining day.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Hardby stands the Whiteside Mountain,</p> -<p class="line">Like an athlete, strong and tall,</p> -<p class="line">Perpendicularly rising</p> -<p class="line">As a mighty granite wall;</p> -<p class="line">Towering o’er the Cashier’s valley,</p> -<p class="line">Stretching calmly at its base,</p> -<p class="line">Like a bouquet of rich roses</p> -<p class="line">Beautifying Nature’s vase.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">High above the other mountains,</p> -<p class="line">Whiteside stands in bold relief,</p> -<p class="line">With its court house and its cavern</p> -<p class="line">Refuge for the soul with grief;</p> -<p class="line">Like a monolith it rises</p> -<p class="line">To a grand majestic height,</p> -<p class="line">Till its crest becomes a mirror,</p> -<p class="line">To refract the rays of light.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb83" href="#pb83" name= -"pb83">83</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">From its summit grand and gorgeous</p> -<p class="line">Like a splendid stereoscope,</p> -<p class="line">Comes a view yet undiscovered</p> -<p class="line">Full of awe, and life and hope<span class="corr" id= -"xd23e4020" title="Not in source">.</span></p> -<p class="line">Smiling vales and nodding forests</p> -<p class="line">Greet you like a loving child,</p> -<p class="line">From the zenith of the mountain,</p> -<p class="line">Comes the landscape undefiled.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Flying clouds pour forth their shadows,</p> -<p class="line">As the curious mystic maze</p> -<p class="line">Shrouds the mountains from the vision,</p> -<p class="line">With its dark and lowering haze.</p> -<p class="line">Fog so dense come stealing o’er you</p> -<p class="line">That you know not day from night,</p> -<p class="line">Till the rifting of the shadows</p> -<p class="line">Makes room for the golden light.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">In the Blue Ridge, near the headland</p> -<p class="line">In the Hamburg scenic mountains,</p> -<p class="line">Comes a silver flow of water</p> -<p class="line">From a score of dancing fountains,</p> -<p class="line">Tripping lightly, leaping gently,</p> -<p class="line">Slipping ‘neath the underbrush</p> -<p class="line">Without noise it creepeth slowly</p> -<p class="line">Toward the place of onward rush.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb84" href="#pb84" name= -"pb84">84</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Floats along beneath the hemlock,</p> -<p class="line">Nods to swaying spruce and pine,</p> -<p class="line">Murmurs in its pebbly bottom</p> -<p class="line">Holds converse with tree and vine.</p> -<p class="line">Winds around the jutting ledges</p> -<p class="line">Of translucent spar and flint,</p> -<p class="line">With effulgence like the jasper</p> -<p class="line">With its glare and gleam and glint.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Moving onward, moving ever,</p> -<p class="line">In its course o’er amber bed,</p> -<p class="line">While the bluejay and the robin</p> -<p class="line">Perch in tree top overhead;</p> -<p class="line">Perch and sing of joy and freedom,</p> -<p class="line">Fill the glen with pleasure’s song,</p> -<p class="line">As the waters, fresh and sparkling,</p> -<p class="line">Rippling, gliding, pass along.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Thus the Tuckaseigee river</p> -<p class="line">Rises far back in the dell,</p> -<p class="line">Where the dank marsh of the mountain</p> -<p class="line">Rise and fall, assuage and swell,</p> -<p class="line">Till its flow becomes augmented</p> -<p class="line">By a thousand little streams</p> -<p class="line">Coming from the rocky highlands</p> -<p class="line">Through their fissures and their seams.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb85" href="#pb85" name= -"pb85">85</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Fills the valley, passes quickly,</p> -<p class="line">Trips and falls a hundred feet,</p> -<p class="line">Swirls a moment, makes a struggle,</p> -<p class="line">Doth the same rash act repeat.</p> -<p class="line">Rushes, rages, fumes and surges,</p> -<p class="line">Dashes into mist and spray,</p> -<p class="line">Heaves and sighs, foments and lashes,</p> -<p class="line">As it turns to rush away;</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Roars and fills the earth and heaven</p> -<p class="line">With the pean of its rage,</p> -<p class="line">Plunges down deep in the gulches,</p> -<p class="line">Where the rocks are worn with age.</p> -<p class="line">Maddened by the sudden conflict,</p> -<p class="line">Starts anew to rend the wall</p> -<p class="line">That confines its turbid waters</p> -<p class="line">To the defile and the fall.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Once again it leaps and rushes</p> -<p class="line">Toward the towering granite wall,</p> -<p class="line">And it bounds full many a fathom</p> -<p class="line">In its final furious fall.</p> -<p class="line">Much it moans and seethes and surges,</p> -<p class="line">Starts again at rapid speed,</p> -<p class="line">O’er the rocky pot-hole gushes</p> -<p class="line">Like a gaited blooded steed.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb86" href="#pb86" name= -"pb86">86</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Thus the Tuckaseigee river</p> -<p class="line">Falls into the great abyss</p> -<p class="line">Down the canyon, rough and rugged,</p> -<p class="line">Where the spar and granite kiss.</p> -<p class="line">Then it flows still fast and faster,</p> -<p class="line">With its flood both bright and clear,</p> -<p class="line">Through the cycles ripe with ages</p> -<p class="line">Month on month and year on year.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Near the apex of the mountains,</p> -<p class="line">In the silence of the dale,</p> -<p class="line">Where no human foot has trodden</p> -<p class="line">Path or road or warrior’s trail,</p> -<p class="line">From the tarn or seep there drippeth</p> -<p class="line">Crystal water bright and free,</p> -<p class="line">That becomes a nymph of beauty,</p> -<p class="line">Pretty vale of Cullowhee.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">In the spreading vale the townhouse,</p> -<p class="line">And the Indian village stood;</p> -<p class="line">In the alcove, well secluded,</p> -<p class="line">In the grove of walnut wood.</p> -<p class="line">Ancient chiefs held many councils,</p> -<p class="line">Sung the war-song, kept the dance,</p> -<p class="line">While the squaws and pretty maidens</p> -<p class="line">Vie each other in the prance.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb87" href="#pb87" name= -"pb87">87</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Cullowhee, thou stream and valley,</p> -<p class="line">Once the domicile and home,</p> -<p class="line">Of a people free and happy,</p> -<p class="line">Free from tribal fear and gloom,</p> -<p class="line">Where, O where, are thy great warriors—</p> -<p class="line">Where thy chiefs and warriors bold—</p> -<p class="line">Who once held in strict abeyance</p> -<p class="line">Those who plundered you of old?</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Gone forever are thy warriors,</p> -<p class="line">Gone thy chiefs and maidens fair,</p> -<p class="line">Vanished like the mist of summer,</p> -<p class="line">Gone! but none can tell us where.</p> -<p class="line">From their homes were hounded, driven,</p> -<p class="line">Like the timid hind or deer,</p> -<p class="line">Herded like the driven cattle,</p> -<p class="line">Forced from home by gun and spear.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">“Tell me, vale or rippling water,</p> -<p class="line">Tell me if ye can or will,</p> -<p class="line">If you’ve seen my long-lost lover</p> -<p class="line">Known as wandering Whippoorwill?”</p> -<p class="line">But the water, cool and placid,</p> -<p class="line">That comes from the mountain high</p> -<p class="line">Swirled a moment, then departing</p> -<p class="line">Made no answer or reply.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb88" href="#pb88" name= -"pb88">88</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Then the maiden’s grief grew greater,</p> -<p class="line">As she lingered by the stream</p> -<p class="line">Watching for some sign or token</p> -<p class="line">Or some vision through a dream;</p> -<p class="line">But no dream made revelation,</p> -<p class="line">Only sorrow filled her years,</p> -<p class="line">And her eyes lost much of luster</p> -<p class="line">As her cheeks suffused with tears.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Turning thence into the forest</p> -<p class="line">Over hill and brook and mound,</p> -<p class="line">To the Cullasaja river</p> -<p class="line">Through the forest land they wound;</p> -<p class="line">Through the tangled brush and ivy,</p> -<p class="line">Rough and rugged mountainside,</p> -<p class="line">Led the ponies through the forest,</p> -<p class="line">Far too steep for them to ride.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">They descended trails deserted,</p> -<p class="line">Where the chieftains used to go,</p> -<p class="line">Near the Cullasaja river,</p> -<p class="line">Near its rough uneven flow;</p> -<p class="line">Camped upon its bank at evening,</p> -<p class="line">Heard at night the roar and splash</p> -<p class="line">Of the voice of many waters</p> -<p class="line">Down the fearful cascade dash.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb89" href="#pb89" name= -"pb89">89</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Stood at sunrise where the shadow</p> -<p class="line">Of the cliffs cast darkening shade,</p> -<p class="line">Where the rainbows chase the rainbow</p> -<p class="line">Like as sorrows chased the maid.</p> -<p class="line">Traveled down the silver current,</p> -<p class="line">Rested often on the way,</p> -<p class="line">Strolled the banks and fished the current</p> -<p class="line">Of the crystal Ellijay.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Pleasantly the winding current</p> -<p class="line">Eddies, swirls and loiters free</p> -<p class="line">Till it joins the radiant waters</p> -<p class="line">Of the little Tennessee;</p> -<p class="line">Where the mound stands in the meadow,</p> -<p class="line">Once the townhouse capped its crest,</p> -<p class="line">There the tribe was wont to gather,</p> -<p class="line">Council, plan and seek for rest.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">To the mound the tribe assembled,</p> -<p class="line">From the regions all around,</p> -<p class="line">Came from Cowee and Coweeta,</p> -<p class="line">Where the Cherokee abound;</p> -<p class="line">Came from Nantahala mountains,</p> -<p class="line">Skeenah and Cartoogechaye,</p> -<p class="line">Nickajack and sweet Iola,</p> -<p class="line">And from Choga far away.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb90" href="#pb90" name= -"pb90">90</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">All the great men and the warriors</p> -<p class="line">Brought the women, and their wives,</p> -<p class="line">Came by hundreds without number,</p> -<p class="line">Like the swarms around the hives;</p> -<p class="line">But today there is no warrior,</p> -<p class="line">Not a maiden can be found,</p> -<p class="line">Tenting on the pretty meadow,</p> -<p class="line">Or upon Nik-wa-sa mound.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">In the Cowee spur of mountains,</p> -<p class="line">Stands the Bald and Sentinel,</p> -<p class="line">Of the valley and the river,</p> -<p class="line">Of the moorland and the dell.</p> -<p class="line">Like a pyramid it rises,</p> -<p class="line">Layer on layer and flight on flight</p> -<p class="line">Till its crest ascends the confines</p> -<p class="line">Of the grand imperial height.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">From its summit far receding,</p> -<p class="line">Contours of the mountains rise,</p> -<p class="line">Numerous as the constellations</p> -<p class="line">In the arched dome of the skies.</p> -<p class="line">Far away beyond the valley</p> -<p class="line">Double Top confronts the eye,</p> -<p class="line">Black Rock rises like a shadow</p> -<p class="line">On the blue ethereal sky.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb91" href="#pb91" name= -"pb91">91</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Jones' Knob makes its appearance,</p> -<p class="line">Highest, grandest height of all</p> -<p class="line">Penetrates the vault of heaven,</p> -<p class="line">None so picturesque or tall.</p> -<p class="line">Wayah, Burningtown and Wesser</p> -<p class="line">Raise their bald heads to the cloud</p> -<p class="line">High and haughty, rich in beauty</p> -<p class="line">And extremely vain and proud.</p> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="figure xd23e4450width" id="p091-1"><img src= -"images/p091-1.jpg" alt="Great Cliff, Whiteside Mountain." width="651" -height="430"> -<p class="figureHead">Great Cliff, Whiteside Mountain.</p> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="figure xd23e4455width"><img src="images/p091-2.jpg" alt= -"Whiteside Mountain." width="646" height="437"> -<p class="figureHead"><span class="corr" id="xd23e4457" title= -"Not in source">Whiteside Mountain.</span></p> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="q"> -<div class="body"> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Hardby stands the Whiteside Mountain,</p> -<p class="line">Like an athlete, strong and tall.”</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Una and Yalaka mountains</p> -<p class="line">Stand so near up by the side</p> -<p class="line">Of the Cowee, that you’d take them</p> -<p class="line">For its consort or its bride.</p> -<p class="line">Festooned, wreathed and decorated</p> -<p class="line">With the honeysuckle bloom,</p> -<p class="line">And the lady-slipper blossom,</p> -<p class="line">There dispels the hour of gloom.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Ginseng and the Indian turnip</p> -<p class="line">Grow up from their fallow beds</p> -<p class="line">In the dark coves of the mountains,</p> -<p class="line">With their beaded crimson heads.</p> -<p class="line">Fertile fields and stately meadows</p> -<p class="line">Stretch along the sylvan streams</p> -<p class="line">And surpass the fields Elysian,</p> -<p class="line">Seen in visionary dreams.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb92" href="#pb92" name= -"pb92">92</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">From the summit of the Cowee</p> -<p class="line">In the season of the fall,</p> -<p class="line">Fog fills all the pretty valley</p> -<p class="line">Settles like the deathly pall,</p> -<p class="line">Coming from the rill and river,</p> -<p class="line">To the isothermal belt,</p> -<p class="line">Where the sunbeam meets the fog-line</p> -<p class="line">And the frost and ices melt.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Jutting tops of verdant mountains</p> -<p class="line">Penetrate the fog below,</p> -<p class="line">As the islands in the ocean</p> -<p class="line">Form the archipelago.</p> -<p class="line">Sea of fog stands out before you,</p> -<p class="line">With its islands and its reef</p> -<p class="line">Silent and devoid of murmur</p> -<p class="line">As the quivering aspen leaf.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">“Occoneechee, look to Northland,</p> -<p class="line">See the Smoky Mountains rise,</p> -<p class="line">Like a shadow in the valley</p> -<p class="line">Or a cloud upon the skies.</p> -<p class="line">Many days since you beheld them</p> -<p class="line">In their grand, majestic height;</p> -<p class="line">Many days from these you’ve wandered</p> -<p class="line">From their fountains, pure and bright.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb93" href="#pb93" name= -"pb93">93</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">“Hie thee to the Smoky Mountains,</p> -<p class="line">Tarry not upon the plain,</p> -<p class="line">Linger not upon the border</p> -<p class="line">Of the fields of golden grain.</p> -<p class="line">Flee thee as a kite or eagle,</p> -<p class="line">Not a moment stop or stay,</p> -<p class="line">Hasten to Oconaluftee,</p> -<p class="line">Be not long upon the way.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">“I have much to speak unto you</p> -<p class="line">E’er I take my final leave,</p> -<p class="line">Some will sadden, some will gladden,</p> -<p class="line">Some bring joy and some will grieve.</p> -<p class="line">All our legends, myths and stories</p> -<p class="line">Soon will fall into decay,</p> -<p class="line">And I must transmit them to you</p> -<p class="line">E’er I turn to go away.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">“Mount thee, mount thee quick this pony,</p> -<p class="line">Spryly spring upon its back,</p> -<p class="line">Leave no vestige, sign or token</p> -<p class="line">Or the semblance of a track,</p> -<p class="line">Whereby man may trace or trail thee,</p> -<p class="line">In the moorland or morass,</p> -<p class="line">By the radiant river flowing</p> -<p class="line">Or secluded mountain pass.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb94" href="#pb94" name= -"pb94">94</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">“Grasp the reins, hold fast the girdle,</p> -<p class="line">Like flamingoes make your flight</p> -<p class="line">To the great dome of the mountain</p> -<p class="line">That now gleams within your sight.</p> -<p class="line">Clingman’s Dome, the crowning glory</p> -<p class="line">Of the high erupted hills,</p> -<p class="line">They will shield you and protect you,</p> -<p class="line">With its cliffs and rolling rills.”</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Sped they like the rolling current,</p> -<p class="line">Sped they like a gleam of light,</p> -<p class="line">Sped they as the flying phantom</p> -<p class="line">Or a swallow in its flight,</p> -<p class="line">To their refuge in the mountain,</p> -<p class="line">To the temple of the earth,</p> -<p class="line">Near the lonely spot secluded,</p> -<p class="line">That had known her from her birth.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Standing, gazing, watching, peering,</p> -<p class="line">Through the azure atmosphere,</p> -<p class="line">At the wilderness before you</p> -<p class="line">And the scene both rich and clear.</p> -<p class="line">Cerulean the gorgeous mountains</p> -<p class="line">Rise and loom up in your sight,</p> -<p class="line">Like a splendid constellation</p> -<p class="line">On a crisp autumnal night.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb95" href="#pb95" name= -"pb95">95</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">‘Twixt the fall and winter season,</p> -<p class="line">Comes a tinge of milky haze,</p> -<p class="line">Stealing o’er the Smoky Mountains,</p> -<p class="line">Shutting out the solar rays,</p> -<p class="line">Flooding vales and filling valleys,</p> -<p class="line">Coming, creeping, crawling slow,</p> -<p class="line">Fills the firmament with shadows</p> -<p class="line">As with crystal flakes of snow.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Through the haze and mist and shadows</p> -<p class="line">You discern a ball of fire,</p> -<p class="line">From the rim of Nature rising</p> -<p class="line">As a knighted funeral pyre;</p> -<p class="line">Yet it moveth slowly upward,</p> -<p class="line">Creeps aloft along the sky,</p> -<p class="line">As a billow on the ocean</p> -<p class="line">Meets the ship, then passes by.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">This you say is Indian summer,</p> -<p class="line">Tepid season of the year,</p> -<p class="line">When glad harvest songs ascendeth</p> -<p class="line">Full of hope and love and cheer.</p> -<p class="line">From Penobscot, down the Hudson,</p> -<p class="line">By the Susquehanna wild,</p> -<p class="line">Through the Shenandoah valley</p> -<p class="line">Roamed the forest-loving child.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb96" href="#pb96" name= -"pb96">96</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Roamed the Mohawk and the Huron,</p> -<p class="line">Seneca and Wyandot,</p> -<p class="line">Delaware and the Mohican,</p> -<p class="line">Long since perished and forgot.</p> -<p class="line">Powhattan and Tuscarora,</p> -<p class="line">And the wandering Showano,</p> -<p class="line">Creek and Seminole and Erie,</p> -<p class="line">Miami and Pamlico,</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Chicasaw and the Osages,</p> -<p class="line">Kickapoo and Illinois,</p> -<p class="line">Ottawas and Susquehannas,</p> -<p class="line">Objibwas and Iroquois,</p> -<p class="line">Once enjoyed the Indian summers,</p> -<p class="line">Once to all this land was heir,</p> -<p class="line">Sportive, free and lithe and happy,</p> -<p class="line">Chief and maid and matron fair.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">As the blossoms in the forest</p> -<p class="line">Bloom, then fall into decay,</p> -<p class="line">So the mighty tribes here mentioned,</p> -<p class="line">Flourished, so traditions say;</p> -<p class="line">Then the coming of the white man,</p> -<p class="line">Spread consternation far and wide;</p> -<p class="line">Then decay and desolation</p> -<p class="line">Conquered all their manly pride.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb97" href="#pb97" name= -"pb97">97</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Treaties made were quickly broken</p> -<p class="line">And their homes were burned with fire,</p> -<p class="line">Which provoked the mighty tribesmen</p> -<p class="line">And aroused their vengeful ire.</p> -<p class="line">Furious raids on hostile savage</p> -<p class="line">With the powder-horn and gun,</p> -<p class="line">Soon reduced the noble red man</p> -<p class="line">Slowly, surely, one by one,</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Till not one now roams the forest,</p> -<p class="line">None are left to tell the tale;</p> -<p class="line">All their guns and bows are broken,</p> -<p class="line">None now for them weep or wail.</p> -<p class="line">Only names of streams and mountains</p> -<p class="line">Keep the memory aglow,</p> -<p class="line">Of the noble, brave and fearless</p> -<p class="line">Red men of the long ago.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Cherokee, the seed and offspring</p> -<p class="line">Residue of Iroquois,</p> -<p class="line">Silently are disappearing</p> -<p class="line">Without pageantry or noise.</p> -<p class="line">Though more civil and more learned</p> -<p class="line">And much wiser than the rest,</p> -<p class="line">They will be amalgamated,</p> -<p class="line">By the white man in the West.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb98" href="#pb98" name= -"pb98">98</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Occoneechee and the chieftain</p> -<p class="line">Talked of all that they had seen,</p> -<p class="line">Of the flow of pretty rivers</p> -<p class="line">And the matchless mountains green,</p> -<p class="line">Of the ferns and pretty flowers,</p> -<p class="line">Parterre of rarest hue,</p> -<p class="line">Tint of maroon, white and yellow,</p> -<p class="line">Saffron, lilac, red and blue.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Held they converse of their travels,</p> -<p class="line">Of the wilderness sublime,</p> -<p class="line">Of the myths and happy legends</p> -<p class="line">Told through yielding years of time.</p> -<p class="line">Of the wars and tales forgotten,</p> -<p class="line">Of the chiefs and warriors brave</p> -<p class="line">Who long since have run their journey,</p> -<p class="line">Who now sleep within the grave.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">At those tales the maiden wept loud,</p> -<p class="line">Sought for solace thru a sigh,</p> -<p class="line">Much o’ercome by thoughts of loved ones,</p> -<p class="line">And she prayed that she might die</p> -<p class="line">High upon the Smoky Mountains,</p> -<p class="line">Where no human soul can trace</p> -<p class="line">The seclusions of the forest</p> -<p class="line">To her lonely burial place.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb99" href="#pb99" name= -"pb99">99</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Bitterly she wailed in sorrow,</p> -<p class="line">Saying “Tell me, tell me why</p> -<p class="line">I am left out here so lonely,</p> -<p class="line">And my tears are never dry?</p> -<p class="line">Why he comes not at my calling,</p> -<p class="line">Why he roams some lonely way,</p> -<p class="line">Why does he not come back to me—</p> -<p class="line">Why does he not come and stay?</p> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="figure xd23e4889width" id="p099-1"><img src= -"images/p099-1.jpg" alt="Tennessee River, above Franklin, N. C." width= -"645" height="484"> -<p class="figureHead">Tennessee River, above Franklin, N. C.</p> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="figure xd23e4894width" id="p099-2"><img src= -"images/p099-2.jpg" alt="Lake Toxaway." width="650" height="431"> -<p class="figureHead">Lake Toxaway.</p> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">“Why and where now does he linger?</p> -<p class="line">Tell me, silver, crescent moon,</p> -<p class="line">Shall our parting be forever—</p> -<p class="line">Shall our hopes all blast at noon?</p> -<p class="line">When love’s bright star shines the brightest</p> -<p class="line">Shall it be the sooner set?</p> -<p class="line">Shall we e’er be reunited,</p> -<p class="line">Tell me, while hope lingers yet!</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">“Does he linger in the mountains,</p> -<p class="line">Far up toward the radiant sky?</p> -<p class="line">Tell me, blessed God of Nature,</p> -<p class="line">Tell me, blessed Nunnahi.</p> -<p class="line">Has some evil spirit seized him,</p> -<p class="line">Hid or carried him away</p> -<p class="line">Far beyond the gleaming sunset,</p> -<p class="line">Far out toward the close of day?</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb100" href="#pb100" name= -"pb100">100</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">“Will he come back with the morning,</p> -<p class="line">Borne upon its wings of light,</p> -<p class="line">From the shade that long has lingered,</p> -<p class="line">From the darkness of the night?</p> -<p class="line">Is there none to bring me answer?</p> -<p class="line">Speak, dear Nature, tell me where</p> -<p class="line">I may find my long lost lover,</p> -<p class="line">Is my final feeble prayer.”</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Then the chieftain, grand and noble,</p> -<p class="line">Came and lingered by her side,</p> -<p class="line">Like a lover in devotion</p> -<p class="line">Lingers near a loving bride.</p> -<p class="line">Then in accents like a clarion,</p> -<p class="line">Sweet and clear, but gently said,</p> -<p class="line">“Whippoorwill, my friend, your lover,</p> -<p class="line">Comes again, he is not dead!</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">“I will go and hunt your lover,</p> -<p class="line">And will bring him to your side;</p> -<p class="line">I will roam the forest ever,</p> -<p class="line">And will cease to be your guide;</p> -<p class="line">I will find the one you’ve looked for,</p> -<p class="line">And will tell him that you live;</p> -<p class="line">I will tell him of your rambles,</p> -<p class="line">And will all my future give,</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb101" href="#pb101" name= -"pb101">101</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">“Till I find him in the forest,</p> -<p class="line">Or upon the flowing brink</p> -<p class="line">Of the Coosa river flowing,</p> -<p class="line">Where he used to often drink.</p> -<p class="line">In the everglades may linger,</p> -<p class="line">‘Neath the shade of some cool palm,</p> -<p class="line">Sweetest refuge of the lowlands,</p> -<p class="line">With its air of purest balm.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">“Where the Seminole in silence,</p> -<p class="line">Made their refuge, long ago,</p> -<p class="line">From the fierce onslaught of Jackson,</p> -<p class="line">And exterminating woe.</p> -<p class="line">He may listen in the silence</p> -<p class="line">And the solitude of night,</p> -<p class="line">For some friendly sign or token</p> -<p class="line">Whereby he may make his flight.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">“When I’ve found him we will travel,</p> -<p class="line">We will travel night and day,</p> -<p class="line">We will hasten on our journey,</p> -<p class="line">Will not linger nor delay,</p> -<p class="line">We will speed along the valley</p> -<p class="line">Like the wind before the rain,</p> -<p class="line">We will neither stop nor tarry,</p> -<p class="line">Never from our speed refrain.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb102" href="#pb102" name= -"pb102">102</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">“We will rush along the river,</p> -<p class="line">Like the maddened swollen tide,</p> -<p class="line">Like a leaf upon the cyclone</p> -<p class="line">Rushing forward in its pride;</p> -<p class="line">Over winter’s snow and ices</p> -<p class="line">We will rush with greatest speed,</p> -<p class="line">Like a herd of frightened cattle</p> -<p class="line">Or a trained Kentucky steed.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">“I will tell him of your travels</p> -<p class="line">Into lands he’s never seen,</p> -<p class="line">With their forests and their flowers,</p> -<p class="line">And their leaves of living green;</p> -<p class="line">How for years you’ve looked and waited,</p> -<p class="line">Watched the trail and mountainside,</p> -<p class="line">Watched and hoped long for him coming,</p> -<p class="line">That you might become his bride.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">“I am John Ax, Stagu-Nahi!</p> -<p class="line">Much I love the mountains wild!</p> -<p class="line">Friend of those who love the forest,</p> -<p class="line">Friend of those who love you, child.</p> -<p class="line">I bespeak a special blessing</p> -<p class="line">To attend you while I go</p> -<p class="line">Into strange lands, unto strangers,</p> -<p class="line">Hither, thither, to and fro.”</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb103" href="#pb103" name= -"pb103">103</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Then he pressed her to his bosom,</p> -<p class="line">Breathed a silent, parting prayer</p> -<p class="line">To the Nunnahi in heaven,</p> -<p class="line">For the lovely maid so fair;</p> -<p class="line">Prayed and blessed her, then departed</p> -<p class="line">Thru primeval forests wild,</p> -<p class="line">Sped he by the rolling waters,</p> -<p class="line">Heard them laugh and saw them smile.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Sped he by the Coosa river,</p> -<p class="line">Where great brakes of waving cane,</p> -<p class="line">Bend before the blowing breezes,</p> -<p class="line">Like the waves of wind and rain.</p> -<p class="line">Took the trails where once the chieftain</p> -<p class="line">Strode at will in lordly pride,</p> -<p class="line">By the Coosa river flowing</p> -<p class="line">In its smooth, unrippled tide.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Downward, onward, free and easy,</p> -<p class="line">Swirls and turns and travels slow,</p> -<p class="line">As it glitters in the sunlight,</p> -<p class="line">As its waters onward go.</p> -<p class="line">Sees the trail almost extinguished</p> -<p class="line">By the pretty Etawa,</p> -<p class="line">Where once dwelt in great profusion,</p> -<p class="line">Chief and maid and tawny squaw.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb104" href="#pb104" name= -"pb104">104</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Traveled far the Tallapoosa</p> -<p class="line">Into fen and deep morass,</p> -<p class="line">Through the wildwood, glade and forest</p> -<p class="line">Dark defile and narrow pass;</p> -<p class="line">Footsore, lame and often hungry,</p> -<p class="line">Traveled onward day and night,</p> -<p class="line">Like the wild goose speeding forward</p> -<p class="line">In its semi-annual flight.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">O’er the glebes of Alabama,</p> -<p class="line">Crossed the hill and stream and dale,</p> -<p class="line">To the Tuskaloosa flowing</p> -<p class="line">Near the ancient Indian trail,</p> -<p class="line">Now deserted and forsaken</p> -<p class="line">Is the war path and the land,</p> -<p class="line">By the Creek and great Muscogas</p> -<p class="line">Wandering, wild, nomadic band.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Pensive, lonely and dejected,</p> -<p class="line">Penetrated he the wild,</p> -<p class="line">Over fen and bog and prairie,</p> -<p class="line">Into climates soft and mild.</p> -<p class="line">By lagoon and lake and river,</p> -<p class="line">By the deep translucent bay,</p> -<p class="line">Followed he the sun’s direction,</p> -<p class="line">Many a night and sunlit day.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb105" href="#pb105" name= -"pb105">105</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Crossed the Mississippi delta,</p> -<p class="line">Wound through many moor and fen,</p> -<p class="line">Saw the shining stars at midnight,</p> -<p class="line">And the dawn of days begin;</p> -<p class="line">Heard the tramp of bear and bison,</p> -<p class="line">Heard the wild wolf’s dismal howl,</p> -<p class="line">Saw the glowworm in the rushes,</p> -<p class="line">Heard the whippoorwill and owl.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Heard the alligator bellow,</p> -<p class="line">Saw him swim the broad bayou,</p> -<p class="line">Saw the egret, crane and heron,</p> -<p class="line">Wading stark and tree-cuckoo.</p> -<p class="line">Trackless miles spread out before him,</p> -<p class="line">Stretching leagues of gama grass</p> -<p class="line">Lay across the course he traveled,</p> -<p class="line">Lay out where he had to pass.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Dangling mosses from the tree tops,</p> -<p class="line">Swung by swaying winds and breeze,</p> -<p class="line">Cling with tendrils to the branches,</p> -<p class="line">Of the mighty live oak trees.</p> -<p class="line">Soft as lichens, light as feathers</p> -<p class="line">Was the tall untrodden grass,</p> -<p class="line">On the prairie and the meadow,</p> -<p class="line">And the spreading rich morass.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb106" href="#pb106" name= -"pb106">106</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Tranquil, peacefully and quiet</p> -<p class="line">Did the moons and moments wane,</p> -<p class="line">Till he came to Oklahoma,</p> -<p class="line">Into his own tribe’s domain;</p> -<p class="line">Here he rested for a season,</p> -<p class="line">Ate the food and drank for health</p> -<p class="line">In the land of Oklahoma,</p> -<p class="line">Land of perfect natural wealth.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Oklahoma, red man’s country,</p> -<p class="line">Blest above all other lands,</p> -<p class="line">In her natural soil and climate,</p> -<p class="line">In her ore-beds and her sands;</p> -<p class="line">In her fertile fields and valleys,</p> -<p class="line">In her people, true and great,</p> -<p class="line">Cherokee and Creek and Choctaws</p> -<p class="line">Make the people of the state.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Here’s a land transformed in beauty,</p> -<p class="line">Touched and tilled by busy toil,</p> -<p class="line">Responds quickly to the tiller,</p> -<p class="line">Products of a generous soil.</p> -<p class="line">Fruits and flowers forever growing,</p> -<p class="line">Fields of gold and snowy white,</p> -<p class="line">Songs of harvest home and plenty</p> -<p class="line">Sung to every one’s delight.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb107" href="#pb107" name= -"pb107">107</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Here with labor, love and patience,</p> -<p class="line">There arose an empire great,</p> -<p class="line">Which when settled, tilled and treated,</p> -<p class="line">Has become a powerful state;</p> -<p class="line">Filled with people true and honest,</p> -<p class="line">Filled with people thrifty too,</p> -<p class="line">And the land is flat and fertile,</p> -<p class="line">Best that mortals ever knew.</p> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="figure xd23e5319width" id="p107-1"><img src= -"images/p107-1.jpg" alt="Tomb of Junaluska, Robbinsville, N. C." width= -"643" height="438"> -<p class="figureHead">Tomb of Junaluska, Robbinsville, N. C.</p> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="figure xd23e5324width" id="p107-2"><img src= -"images/p107-2.jpg" alt="Where the Serpent Coiled." width="645" height= -"441"> -<p class="figureHead"><span class="corr" id="xd23e5326" title= -"Not in source">Where the Serpent Coiled.</span></p> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="q"> -<div class="body"> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Where the serpent coiled and waited</p> -<p class="line">Hid beneath the waving grass.”</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Once where roamed the bear and bison,</p> -<p class="line">Where the she wolf and the owl</p> -<p class="line">Made their home and habitation,</p> -<p class="line">And the foxes used to prowl;</p> -<p class="line">Where the serpent coiled and waited,</p> -<p class="line">Hid beneath the waving grass</p> -<p class="line">To inject his fangs and venom</p> -<p class="line">In some human as he’d pass,</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Now there thrives the busy city,</p> -<p class="line">Bristling with the throb and thrill</p> -<p class="line">Of the commerce of a nation,</p> -<p class="line">Growing greater, growing still.</p> -<p class="line">All her farms and fields and ranches,</p> -<p class="line">Groan beneath their heavy load</p> -<p class="line">Of waving grain and lowing cattle;</p> -<p class="line">All the land with wealth is strewed.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb108" href="#pb108" name= -"pb108">108</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Then he rose up like the morning,</p> -<p class="line">From his slumber and his rest,</p> -<p class="line">To converse there with the chieftains</p> -<p class="line">Among whom he’d been a guest.</p> -<p class="line">Then he spoke of Carolina</p> -<p class="line">Toward the rising of the sun,</p> -<p class="line">Full of hope and awe and splendor</p> -<p class="line">Where his early life begun.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">And he spoke of Occoneechee</p> -<p class="line">In the land of hills and streams,</p> -<p class="line">In the land of wooded forests,</p> -<p class="line">Land of love and fondest dreams;</p> -<p class="line">Land where myths and mirth commingle,</p> -<p class="line">Where aspiring peaks point high,</p> -<p class="line">To the dials of the morning</p> -<p class="line">In the sweet “Land of the sky.”</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Spoke he also of a chieftain,</p> -<p class="line">Known to her as Whippoorwill,</p> -<p class="line">Who once dwelt within the forest,</p> -<p class="line">Near a pleasant little rill,</p> -<p class="line">In the dark fens of the mountains,</p> -<p class="line">Back where oak and birchen grove</p> -<p class="line">Cast their shadows o’er the valley</p> -<p class="line">O’er the cliffs and deepest cove.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb109" href="#pb109" name= -"pb109">109</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Where glad song of the nightingale</p> -<p class="line">Is the sweetest ever heard,</p> -<p class="line">And far exceeds in melody,</p> -<p class="line">The trill of the mocking-bird.</p> -<p class="line">From the matutinal dawning</p> -<p class="line">Till the falling shades of night</p> -<p class="line">The songster sings in mellow tones</p> -<p class="line">To the auditor’s delight.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Long in silence sat the chieftain,</p> -<p class="line">Long he listened quite intent,</p> -<p class="line">To the story of the stranger,</p> -<p class="line">Catching all he said and meant,</p> -<p class="line">Of the maiden of the mountains,</p> -<p class="line">Of the trees and songs of bird,</p> -<p class="line">And the story lingered with him,</p> -<p class="line">Every syllable and word.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Then the chieftain made inquiry</p> -<p class="line">Of the stranger true and bold,</p> -<p class="line">Who now came to tarry with them,</p> -<p class="line">Who was growing gray and old,</p> -<p class="line">Of the health and habitation</p> -<p class="line">Of the Eastern tribal band</p> -<p class="line">Who still dwelt amid the Smokies</p> -<p class="line">In his own sweet native land;</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb110" href="#pb110" name= -"pb110">110</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Where his heart felt first the wooing,</p> -<p class="line">Where his hope of youth ran high,</p> -<p class="line">‘Mid the hills of Carolina</p> -<p class="line">In the sweet “Land of the sky.”</p> -<p class="line">In the land of flowers and sunshine,</p> -<p class="line">Land of silver-flowing streams,</p> -<p class="line">Land of promise full of blessings</p> -<p class="line">And of legends, myths and dreams;</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Land of pretty maids and matrons,</p> -<p class="line">Home where generous hearts are true,</p> -<p class="line">Where the sunshine chases shadows</p> -<p class="line">Down the vaults of vaporous blue.</p> -<p class="line">Where the wild flight of the eagle</p> -<p class="line">Soars beyond the keenest eye,</p> -<p class="line">In recesses of the heavens,</p> -<p class="line">In the blue ethereal sky.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Rifting rocks and rolling rivers</p> -<p class="line">Doth adorn the hill and vale,</p> -<p class="line">Lilting melodies float outward</p> -<p class="line">On the vortex of the gale;</p> -<p class="line">This the land of Occoneechee,</p> -<p class="line">Land that Junaluska saw,</p> -<p class="line">Home of warrior, chief and maiden,</p> -<p class="line">Land of dauntless brave and squaw.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb111" href="#pb111" name= -"pb111">111</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Let us go back to those mountains,</p> -<p class="line">Once more let us view those hills,</p> -<p class="line">And let me hear the voice once more</p> -<p class="line">Of the laughing streams and rills;</p> -<p class="line">And let me view with raptured eye</p> -<p class="line">The blossom of tree and vine,</p> -<p class="line">Once more inhale the sweet ozone,</p> -<p class="line">Under tulip tree and pine.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Those hills, delectable mountains,</p> -<p class="line">Outrival the scenes of Greece,</p> -<p class="line">Surpass in beauty and grandeur</p> -<p class="line">The Eagle or Golden Fleece.</p> -<p class="line">Those shrines and temples of granite,</p> -<p class="line">Glad sentinels of the free!</p> -<p class="line">There let me roam through dell once more,</p> -<p class="line">Let me glad and happy be.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Some speak of splendid balmy isles,</p> -<p class="line">Far out in the rolling sea,</p> -<p class="line">Of spicy groves, and vine-clad hills,</p> -<p class="line">And of things which are to be;</p> -<p class="line">Of nymphs and naiads of the past,</p> -<p class="line">Of lands of the brave and free,</p> -<p class="line">But none of these can e’er surpass</p> -<p class="line">The hills of Cherokee;</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb112" href="#pb112" name= -"pb112">112</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">The hills where roamed the dusky maid,</p> -<p class="line">And the home of Whippoorwill,</p> -<p class="line">Where Occoneechee dreamed at night,</p> -<p class="line">By the gushing stream and rill.</p> -<p class="line">By strange enchanted mystic lake</p> -<p class="line">Where the wildest beasts are seen,</p> -<p class="line">Far back in the deep recess</p> -<p class="line">Of the mountain’s verdure green.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">“Let autumn’s wind blow swift its gale,</p> -<p class="line">The season of summer flee,</p> -<p class="line">But I will soon my lover meet,</p> -<p class="line">In the ‘land of the brave and free,’</p> -<p class="line">I’ll leave Tahlequah in the West,</p> -<p class="line">With this warrior at my side.</p> -<p class="line">We’ll travel as the fleetest winds</p> -<p class="line">Unless ill fates betide.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">“While the morrow’s stars are glowing,</p> -<p class="line">In the dials of the morn,</p> -<p class="line">I will start upon the journey,</p> -<p class="line">To the land where I was born.”</p> -<p class="line">So he gathered up his chattels,</p> -<p class="line">Springing spryly on his steed,</p> -<p class="line">Made inquiry of the warrior,</p> -<p class="line">“Which of us shall take the lead?”</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb113" href="#pb113" name= -"pb113">113</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Then the warrior to the chieftain</p> -<p class="line">Quick replied, “I’ll lead the way</p> -<p class="line">Far across the hill and valley,</p> -<p class="line">Mounted on this splendid bay.”</p> -<p class="line">Then they said to friend and neighbor,</p> -<p class="line">Old-time chief and child and squaw,</p> -<p class="line">“At the dawning, we will leave you,</p> -<p class="line">Leave the town of Tahlequah;</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">“Leave the tribe and reservation,</p> -<p class="line">For a journey to the East,</p> -<p class="line">Where the tribesmen dwell together,</p> -<p class="line">Meet serenely, drink and feast,</p> -<p class="line">In a land where peace and pleasure</p> -<p class="line">Vie each other in the pace,</p> -<p class="line">Where the hopes of life are brightest</p> -<p class="line">To the fallen human race.”</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Just then came a gleam like lightning,</p> -<p class="line">Shooting forth its silver ray,</p> -<p class="line">Which precedes the golden splendor</p> -<p class="line">Of the fast approaching day.</p> -<p class="line">This the advent and the token</p> -<p class="line">For the brave to lead the way</p> -<p class="line">Out across the plain and valley</p> -<p class="line">Toward the coming king of day.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb114" href="#pb114" name= -"pb114">114</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Then they seized the spear and trident,</p> -<p class="line">Bow and tomahawk and knife,</p> -<p class="line">And they left the scenes of conflict,</p> -<p class="line">With its turmoil and its strife;</p> -<p class="line">And they journeyed ever eastward,</p> -<p class="line">Days and many a-waning moon,</p> -<p class="line">Crossing river, lake and prairie,</p> -<p class="line">Spreading field and broad lagoon.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Saw the Wabash and Missouri,</p> -<p class="line">Cumberland and Tennessee,</p> -<p class="line">Saw the Holston in its beauty</p> -<p class="line">And the town of Chilhowee.</p> -<p class="line">Looked down on the Nolachucky,</p> -<p class="line">Saw Watauga’s crystal flow</p> -<p class="line">Gleam from out the moon’s reflection</p> -<p class="line">From the canyon’s depths below.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Neptune, who pervades the water,</p> -<p class="line">Ne’er beheld a holier sight</p> -<p class="line">Than this happy, hopeful chieftain</p> -<p class="line">Did that crisp autumnal night.</p> -<p class="line">While he looked upon the water</p> -<p class="line">Bright and pure and crystalline,</p> -<p class="line">Fairest land and purest water</p> -<p class="line">Mortal eye had ever seen;</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb115" href="#pb115" name= -"pb115">115</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">He beheld there in his vision</p> -<p class="line">Such a Naiad divine,</p> -<p class="line">That he put forth his endeavors,</p> -<p class="line">That he might the maid entwine;</p> -<p class="line">But she flew back like a phantom,</p> -<p class="line">Back into the crescent wave,</p> -<p class="line">From the presence of the chieftain</p> -<p class="line">And the relegated brave;</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Flew back from him and departed</p> -<p class="line">And was lost to human eye;</p> -<p class="line">All that now lay out before him</p> -<p class="line">Was the stream and earth and sky.</p> -<p class="line">Full of disappointing beauty,</p> -<p class="line">Was the earth and sky and stream,</p> -<p class="line">When divested of the grandeur</p> -<p class="line">Of the vision and the dream.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Then he rambled through the mountains</p> -<p class="line">Over crag and rugged steep,</p> -<p class="line">Through the laurel bed and ivy</p> -<p class="line">By exertion did he creep;</p> -<p class="line">Through the hemlock and the balsam</p> -<p class="line">Under oak and birchen tree,</p> -<p class="line">Gazing through the heath before him</p> -<p class="line">If perchance that he might see</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb116" href="#pb116" name= -"pb116">116</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">In the dim, dark, hazel distance,</p> -<p class="line">Far out on the mountainside</p> -<p class="line">Occoneechee, pure and lovely,</p> -<p class="line">Whom he longed to make his bride;</p> -<p class="line">Make his bride and dwell there with her</p> -<p class="line">‘Mid aspiring peak and dome;</p> -<p class="line">Longed to have her sit beside him,</p> -<p class="line">In his peaceful mountain home.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Wandered through the Craggy mountains</p> -<p class="line">Where no human foot had trod,</p> -<p class="line">And no eye had yet beheld it,</p> -<p class="line">Save the eye of Nature’s God.</p> -<p class="line">For the spreading tree and forest</p> -<p class="line">Grew from out the virgin soil,</p> -<p class="line">And was free from all intrusions</p> -<p class="line">Of the white man’s skill and toil.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Now their speed was much retarded,</p> -<p class="line">Trails once plain were now unkept,</p> -<p class="line">And the chief and brave lamenting</p> -<p class="line">Laid themselves down there and wept;</p> -<p class="line">Wept for chiefs like Uniguski,</p> -<p class="line">Sequoya and Utsala,</p> -<p class="line">In the land of Tuckaleechee</p> -<p class="line">And for friends like Wil-Usdi.<a class="noteref" id= -"xd23e5844src" href="#xd23e5844" name="xd23e5844src">1</a></p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb117" href="#pb117" name= -"pb117">117</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Turning from his grief and sorrow</p> -<p class="line">For the chiefs of long ago,</p> -<p class="line">Ceasing all his deep repining</p> -<p class="line">From the burden of his woe,</p> -<p class="line">Looking far o’er hill and valley</p> -<p class="line">He beheld the gilded dome</p> -<p class="line">Of the Smokies in the distance,</p> -<p class="line">Near old Junaluska’s home.</p> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="figure xd23e5865width" id="p117-1"><img src= -"images/p117-1.jpg" alt="Harvesting at Cullowhee, N. C." width="642" -height="476"> -<p class="figureHead">Harvesting at Cullowhee, N. C.</p> -<p class="par first">Where the townhouse used to stand.</p> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="figure xd23e5872width" id="p117-2"><img src= -"images/p117-2.jpg" alt="Craggy Mountains, from near Asheville, N. C." -width="649" height="483"> -<p class="figureHead">Craggy Mountains, from near Asheville, N. C.</p> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Then the chieftain’s hope grew stronger,</p> -<p class="line">As he looked upon the scene</p> -<p class="line">Of that splendid mountain forest</p> -<p class="line">With its crest of evergreen;</p> -<p class="line">Like a black cloud in the winter,</p> -<p class="line">Spreads upon the mountainside,</p> -<p class="line">This the forest land primeval</p> -<p class="line">That stands there in lordly pride,</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">This the forest land primeval,</p> -<p class="line">Where the chieftains used to roam,</p> -<p class="line">Joined in chase of bear and bison,</p> -<p class="line">Once the red deer’s winter home.</p> -<p class="line">Black and deep and dense the forest,</p> -<p class="line">Steep and high the cliffside stands,</p> -<p class="line">Where the Cherokee once wandered</p> -<p class="line">In their wild nomadic bands.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb118" href="#pb118" name= -"pb118">118</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">As they gazed upon the scenery,</p> -<p class="line">Weird and wild and full of awe,</p> -<p class="line">They were filled with consternation</p> -<p class="line">At the sight both of them saw.</p> -<p class="line">Passing high up near the zenith</p> -<p class="line">Like an eagle in its flight</p> -<p class="line">Came the sound of wings and voices,</p> -<p class="line">On that moonlit autumn night.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Voices like the rolling thunder</p> -<p class="line">Came resounding far and near,</p> -<p class="line">And the meteoric flashes</p> -<p class="line">Filled them full of awe and fear;</p> -<p class="line">Till they trembled like the aspen</p> -<p class="line">‘Mid the tempest fierce and wild,</p> -<p class="line">Till it passes, then reposes,</p> -<p class="line">Calmly as a little child.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Said the brave then to the chieftain,</p> -<p class="line">“This my token to depart,</p> -<p class="line">I must quickly make my exit,</p> -<p class="line">Though it grieves my soul and heart</p> -<p class="line">Thus to leave you in the forest,</p> -<p class="line">Out upon the mountainside,</p> -<p class="line">Without hope or friend or shelter,</p> -<p class="line">With no one to be your guide;</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb119" href="#pb119" name= -"pb119">119</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">“These the Nunnahi in heaven,</p> -<p class="line">Come to lead me far away,</p> -<p class="line">Over hill and dale and valley,</p> -<p class="line">Toward the final close of day.</p> -<p class="line">You will miss me in the morning,</p> -<p class="line">Miss me at the noon and night,</p> -<p class="line">When I’m mounted on my pinions</p> -<p class="line">And am lost to human sight.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">“Yet a moment I’m allotted</p> -<p class="line">To transmit to you my will;</p> -<p class="line">High here on the Smoky Mountains</p> -<p class="line">Near the bright translucent rill,</p> -<p class="line">Let me tell you while life lingers</p> -<p class="line">In the archives of my breast,</p> -<p class="line">Where you’ll find sweet Occoneechee</p> -<p class="line">When my soul has flown to rest:</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">“She still lingers in the forest,</p> -<p class="line">Near the sweet enchanted lake,</p> -<p class="line">Near the spirit land she lingers,</p> -<p class="line">Underneath the tangled brake.</p> -<p class="line">She holds all our myths and legends,</p> -<p class="line">Tales as told long years ago.</p> -<p class="line">Now I bid you leave me lonely</p> -<p class="line">To my fate of weal or woe.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb120" href="#pb120" name= -"pb120">120</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">“Leave me quick, the spirits call me,</p> -<p class="line">Linger not within my sight,</p> -<p class="line">Hie thee quickly through the shadows</p> -<p class="line">Of this crisp autumnal night.</p> -<p class="line">Tell our friend, sweet Occoneechee,</p> -<p class="line">That I’ve gone to join the band</p> -<p class="line">Of the braves who have departed</p> -<p class="line">For the happy hunting land.”</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Then a shadow passed between them,</p> -<p class="line">Like a cloud upon the sky,</p> -<p class="line">And the chief was separated</p> -<p class="line">There upon the mountain high,</p> -<p class="line">From his guide and friend forever,</p> -<p class="line">So his eye could never see.</p> -<p class="line">Whence he traveled, none returneth</p> -<p class="line">To explain the mystery.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Thus bereft of friend and neighbor,</p> -<p class="line">Whippoorwill began to wail,</p> -<p class="line">For some mystic hand to guide him</p> -<p class="line">Back into the trodden trail,</p> -<p class="line">Where some chief had gone before him</p> -<p class="line">In the years that long had flown,</p> -<p class="line">Out upon the mystic ages,</p> -<p class="line">Now forgotten and unknown.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb121" href="#pb121" name= -"pb121">121</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">But no spirit, sign or token</p> -<p class="line">Came from out the vista fair,</p> -<p class="line">Nothing saw, nor nothing heard he,</p> -<p class="line">Save the earth and scenery fair.</p> -<p class="line">As he stood and gazed in silence,</p> -<p class="line">Motionless and calm as death,</p> -<p class="line">Stillness reigned on hill and valley</p> -<p class="line">And the chieftain held his breath,</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">While he strained his ears and vision,</p> -<p class="line">Listening, looking here and there,</p> -<p class="line">Waiting, watching, simply trusting</p> -<p class="line">For an answer to his prayer.</p> -<p class="line">Suddenly he heard the calling</p> -<p class="line">Of a voice so sweet and clear,</p> -<p class="line">That he answered, quickly answered,</p> -<p class="line">Though his heart was filled with fear.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">And the voice from out the forest,</p> -<p class="line">Called as calls the mating bird,</p> -<p class="line">In the bower in the springtime,</p> -<p class="line">Sweetest call that e’er was heard,</p> -<p class="line">Resonant comes, softly trilling,</p> -<p class="line">Sweetly to its lingering mate,</p> -<p class="line">In the silence of the forest,</p> -<p class="line">As they for each other wait.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb122" href="#pb122" name= -"pb122">122</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Then the chieftain bounded forward,</p> -<p class="line">Like a hound upon the trail,</p> -<p class="line">Thru the forest land primeval</p> -<p class="line">Over mound and hill and dale;</p> -<p class="line">Over ridge and rock and river,</p> -<p class="line">Thru the heath and brush and grass,</p> -<p class="line">Thru the land of the Uktena,</p> -<p class="line">Thru it all he had to pass.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Till he reached the mystic region,</p> -<p class="line">Far back in the darkest glen,</p> -<p class="line">Near the lake of the enchanted</p> -<p class="line">Only known to bravest men.</p> -<p class="line">Here the bear and owl and panther,</p> -<p class="line">Find a cure for every ill,</p> -<p class="line">Find life’s sweetest panacea,</p> -<p class="line">Near the sparkling crystal rill,</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">High upon the Smoky Mountains</p> -<p class="line">Resonant with Nature wild,</p> -<p class="line">For the wanderer from the distance,</p> -<p class="line">And the tawny Indian child.</p> -<p class="line">This the forest land primeval,</p> -<p class="line">Full of awe and dread and dreams,</p> -<p class="line">Full of ghouls and ghosts and goblins,</p> -<p class="line">Full of rippling crystal streams.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb123" href="#pb123" name= -"pb123">123</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">From the stream down in the ravine,</p> -<p class="line">Came another gentle call,</p> -<p class="line">Like the chirping of the robin,</p> -<p class="line">In the hemlocks straight and tall.</p> -<p class="line">Once again the call repeated,</p> -<p class="line">Then a sudden little trill</p> -<p class="line">Floated out upon the breezes,</p> -<p class="line">From beside the crystal rill.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Then the chieftain whistled keenly</p> -<p class="line">Like a hawk upon the wing,</p> -<p class="line">When it soars above the mountain,</p> -<p class="line">On the balmy air of spring.</p> -<p class="line">Then another chirping, chirping,</p> -<p class="line">Came from deep down in the vale,</p> -<p class="line">And it floated up the mountain</p> -<p class="line">Like a leaf upon the gale.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Now the chieftain, moved by caution,</p> -<p class="line">Watched and moved with greatest care,</p> -<p class="line">Down and thru the deepest gulches,</p> -<p class="line">Looking here, observing there,</p> -<p class="line">For the bird or beast or human,</p> -<p class="line">That could send out such a call,</p> -<p class="line">From the laurel near the fountain</p> -<p class="line">And a splendid waterfall.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb124" href="#pb124" name= -"pb124">124</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Suddenly his heart beat faster,</p> -<p class="line">At the sight which came to view,</p> -<p class="line">Through the opening in the laurel</p> -<p class="line">As it parts to let him thru.</p> -<p class="line">She was bathing feet and ankles,</p> -<p class="line">Arms and hands she did refresh</p> -<p class="line">In the iridescent splendor,</p> -<p class="line">Of the fountain cool and fresh.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">Then he bounds forth quick to greet her,</p> -<p class="line">E’er she sees him by her side,</p> -<p class="line">She the maiden true and holy,</p> -<p class="line">Who was soon to be his bride.</p> -<p class="line">“O, I see you, Occoneechee!”</p> -<p class="line">“And I see you, Whippoorwill!”</p> -<p class="line">Were the greetings that they whispered</p> -<p class="line">As they met there near the rill.</p> -</div> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">They were married in the morning,</p> -<p class="line">He the groom and she the bride,</p> -<p class="line">And they lived in bliss together,</p> -<p class="line">Many years before they died;</p> -<p class="line">Now their spirits dwell together,</p> -<p class="line">Near the hidden mystic shore,</p> -<p class="line">Of the lake back in the shadows</p> -<p class="line">Since their wanderings are o’er.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb125" href="#pb125" name= -"pb125">125</a>]</span></p> -<div class="lg"> -<p class="line">And at night the legends tell us,</p> -<p class="line">You can hear a man and bride</p> -<p class="line">Hold converse of trail and travel,</p> -<p class="line">High upon the mountainside;</p> -<p class="line">And the soul of Occoneechee,</p> -<p class="line">Lingers near the rippling rill,</p> -<p class="line">High upon the Smoky Mountains,</p> -<p class="line">With her lover Whippoorwill.</p> -</div> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb127" href="#pb127" name= -"pb127">127</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div class="footnotes"> -<hr class="fnsep"> -<div class="footnote-body"> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd23e5844" href="#xd23e5844src" name="xd23e5844">1</a></span> Colonel -Thomas. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd23e5844src">↑</a></p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div id="pt3" class="div0 part"> -<h2 class="main">PART III</h2> -<h2 class="main">MYTHS OF THE CHEROKEE</h2> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb129" href="#pb129" name= -"pb129">129</a>]</span></p> -<div class="div1 poem"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h2 class="main">MYTHS OF THE CHEROKEE</h2> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“I know not how the truth may be,</p> -<p class="line">I tell the tale as ’twas told me.”</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">The myths related here are from the great story -tellers like Ayunini, or “Swimmer,” who was the greatest of -all, but while he ranked first and lived during the time that tried -men’s hearts, having been born about 1835, and died in March, -1899, his stories can only be perpetuated by putting them in print, and -we are indebted to him for many of these beautiful stories, which -should be perpetuated at least so long as one of the Cherokee tribe -shall live.</p> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="table"> -<table> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft cellTop"> -<div class="figure xd23e6316width" id="p129-1"><img src= -"images/p129-1.jpg" alt="Sequoya." width="291" height="508"> -<p class="figureHead">Sequoya.</p> -<p class="par first">Inventor of the Cherokee Alphabet.</p> -</div> -</td> -<td class="cellRight cellTop"> -<div class="figure xd23e6323width" id="p129-2"><img src= -"images/p129-2.jpg" alt="John Ax (Itagu-nuhi)." width="358" height= -"646"> -<p class="figureHead">John Ax (Itagu-nuhi)<span class="corr" id= -"xd23e6326" title="Not in source">.</span></p> -<p class="par first">The great story teller.</p> -</div> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="2" class="cellLeft cellRight cellBottom"> -<div class="figure xd23e6333width" id="p129-3"><img src= -"images/p129-3.jpg" alt="Everglades of Florida." width="645" height= -"417"> -<p class="figureHead">Everglades of Florida.</p> -<p class="par first">Home of the Seminoles.</p> -</div> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<p class="par">Next in rank of importance comes Itagunahi, better known -among the English-speaking people as John Axe, who was born in the year -1800, saw the battle of Horseshoe Bend, witnessed the removal of the -Cherokee tribe in 1838. He knew its history and almost all of the -myths, legends and stories, transmitted many of them to the white man -for record, and while he never spoke English, he was a very versatile -and interesting man of the old type of Indians, and strong to the last -days; he lived to near 100 years, then passed to the Happy Hunting -Grounds.</p> -<p class="par">To John D. Wofford, of the Western Reservation or tribe, -we are indebted for much information, which would have been lost except -for his wonderful knowledge.</p> -<p class="par">All the story-tellers prefaced their remarks by saying, -“This is what the old folks used to tell us when we were -boys.” <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb130" href="#pb130" name= -"pb130">130</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Cherokee myths may be classified as sacred myths, animal -stories, local legends, and historical traditions. The sacred myths -were not for every one, but only those might hear who observed the -proper form and ceremony.</p> -<p class="par">In the old times the myth-keepers and priests were -accustomed to meet together at night in the asi, or low-built log -sleeping house, to recite the traditions and discuss their secret -knowledge. At times those who desired instruction from an adept in the -sacred lore of the tribe would meet the priest by appointment in the -asi, where they sat up all night talking, with only the light of a -small fire burning in the middle of the floor. At daybreak the whole -party went down to the running stream, where the pupils or hearers of -the myths stripped themselves and were scratched upon the naked skin -with a bone tooth comb in the hands of the priest, after which they -waded out, facing the rising sun, and dipped seven times under the -water, while the priest recited prayers upon the bank. The purificatory -rite, which was observed more than a century ago by Adair, is also a -part of the ceremonial of the ball play, the green-corn dance, and, in -fact, every important ritual performance. Before beginning one of the -stories of the sacred class the informant would sometimes suggest -jokingly that the author first submit to being scratched and, “Go -to water.” <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb131" href="#pb131" -name="pb131">131</a>]</span></p> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH ONE.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>How the World Was Made.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">The earth is a great island floating in a sea of -water, and suspended at each of the four cardinal points by a cord -hanging down from the sky vault, which is of solid rock. When the world -grows old and worn out, the people will die and the cords will break, -and let the earth sink down into the ocean, and all will be water -again. The Indians are afraid of this.</p> -<p class="par">When all was water, the animals were above the -Galunlati, beyond the arch; but it was very much crowded, and they were -wanting more room. They wondered what was below the water, and at last -Dayunisi, “Beaver’s Grandchild,” the little -Water-beetle, offered to go and see if it could learn. It darted in -every direction over the surface of the water, but could find no firm -place to rest.</p> -<p class="par">Then it dived to the bottom and came up with some soft -mud, which began to grow and spread in every direction until it became -an island which we call the earth. It was afterwards fastened to the -sky, but no one remembers who did it.</p> -<p class="par">At first the earth was flat, and very soft and wet. The -animals were anxious to get down, and sent out different birds to see -if it was yet dry, but they found no place to alight and came back -again to Galunlati. At last it seemed to be time, and they sent out the -Buzzard and told him to go and make ready for them.</p> -<p class="par">This was the Great Buzzard, the father of all the -buzzards we see now. He flew all over the earth, low down, near the -ground, and it was still soft. When he reached the Cherokee country, he -was very tired, and his wings began to flap and strike the ground, and -wherever they <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb132" href="#pb132" name= -"pb132">132</a>]</span>struck the earth there was a valley, and where -they turned up again, there was a mountain. When the animals above saw -this, they were afraid the whole earth would be mountains, so they -called him back, but the Cherokee country remains full of mountains to -this day.</p> -<p class="par">When the earth was dry and the animals came down, it was -still dark, so they got the sun and set it in a track to go every day -across the island from east to west, just overhead. It was too hot this -way, and Tsiskagili, the Red Crawfish, had his shell scorched red, so -that his meat was spoiled; and the Cherokee do not eat it. The -conjurers put the sun another hand-breadth higher in the air, but it -was still too hot.</p> -<p class="par">They raised it another time, and another, until it was -seven hand-breadths high, and just under the sky arch. Then it was -right, and they left it so. This is why the conjurers call the highest -place <span class="corr" id="xd23e6374" title= -"Not in source">“</span>Gulkwagine Digalunlatiyun,” -“the seven height,” because it is seven hand-breadths above -the earth. Every day the sun goes along under this arch, and returns at -night on the upper side to the starting place.</p> -<p class="par">There is another world under this, and it is like ours -in everything—animals, plants, and people—save that the -seasons are different. The streams that come down from the mountains -are the trails by which the people reach the underworld, and the -springs at their heads are the doorways by which they enter it, but to -do this one must fast and go to water and have one of the underground -people for a guide. We know that the seasons in the underground are -different from ours, because the water in the springs is warmer in the -winter and cooler in the summer than the outer air.</p> -<p class="par">When the animals and the plants were first made—we -do not know by whom—they were told to watch and <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb133" href="#pb133" name="pb133">133</a>]</span>keep -awake for seven nights, just as young men now fast and keep awake when -they pray to their medicine. They tried to do this, and nearly all were -awake through the first night, but the next night several dropped off -to sleep, and the third night others were asleep, and then others, -until, on the seventh night, of all the animals, only the owl, the -panther and one or two more were still awake.</p> -<p class="par">To these were given the power to see and to go about in -the dark, and to make prey of the birds and animals which must sleep at -night. Of the trees, only the cedar, the pine, the spruce, the holly -and the laurel were awake to the end, and to them it was given to be -always green and to be greatest for medicine, but to the others it was -said: “Because you have not endured to the end you shall lose -your hair every winter.”</p> -<p class="par">Men came after the animals and plants. At first there -were only a brother and sister until he struck her with a fish and told -her to multiply, and so it was. In seven days a child was born to her, -and thereafter every seven days another, and they increased very fast -until there was danger that the world could not keep them. Then it was -made that a woman should have only one child in a year, and it has been -so ever since.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH TWO.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>The First Fire.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">In the beginning there was no fire, and the world -was cold, until the Thunders (Ani-Hyuntikwalaski) who lived up in -Galunlati, sent their lightning and put fire into the bottom of a -hollow sycamore tree, which grew <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb134" -href="#pb134" name="pb134">134</a>]</span>on an island. The animals -knew it was there, because they could see the smoke coming out at the -top, but they could not get to it on account of the water, so they held -a council to decide what to do. This was a long time ago.</p> -<p class="par">Every animal that could fly or swim was anxious to go -after the fire. The Raven offered, and because he was so large and -strong they thought he could surely do the work, so he was sent first. -He flew high and far across the water and alighted on the sycamore -tree, but while he was wondering what to do next, the heat had scorched -all his feathers black, and he was frightened and came back without the -fire.</p> -<p class="par">The little Screech-owl (Wahuhu) volunteered to go, and -reached the place safely, but while he was looking down in the hollow -tree a blast of hot air came up and nearly burned out his eyes. He -managed to fly home as best he could, but it was a long time before he -could see well, and his eyes are red to this day.</p> -<p class="par">Then the Hooting Owl (Uguku) and the Horned Owl (Tskili) -went, but by the time they got to the hollow tree the fire was burning -so fiercely that the smoke nearly blinded them, and the ashes carried -up by the wind made white rings about their eyes. They had to come home -again without the fire, but with all of their rubbing they were never -able to get rid of the white rings.</p> -<p class="par">Now, no more of the birds would venture, and so the -little Uksuhi snake, the Black Racer, said he would go through the -water and bring back some fire. He swam across to the island and -crawled through the grass to the tree, and went in by a small hole at -the bottom. The heat and smoke were too much for him, too, and after -dodging about blindly over the hot ashes until he was almost on fire -himself he managed by good luck to get out again at the same hole, but -his body had scorched <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb135" href= -"#pb135" name="pb135">135</a>]</span>black, and he has ever since had -the habit of darting and doubling on his track as if trying to escape -from close quarters.</p> -<p class="par">He came back, and the great Blacksnake, Gulegi, -“The Climber,” offered to go for the fire. He swam over to -the island and climbed up the tree on the outside, as the blacksnake -always does, but when he put his head down into the hole the smoke -choked him so that he fell into the burning stump, and before he could -climb out again he was as black as the Uksuhi.</p> -<p class="par">Now, they held another council, for still there was no -fire, and the world was cold, but the birds, snakes and four-footed -animals all had some excuse for not going, because they were all afraid -to venture near the burning sycamore, until at last Kananeski Amaiyehi -(the Water Spider) said she would go. This is not the water spider that -looks like a mosquito, but the other one, with black downy hair and red -stripes on her body. She can run on the water or dive to the bottom, so -there would be no trouble to get over to the island, but the question -was, how could she bring back the fire?</p> -<p class="par">“I’ll manage that,” said the spider, -so she spun a thread from her body and wove it into a tusti bowl, which -she fastened on her back. Then she crossed over to the island and -through the grass to where the fire was still burning. She put one -little coal of fire into her bowl, and came back with it, and ever -since we have had fire, and the spider still keeps her tusti bowl. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb136" href="#pb136" name= -"pb136">136</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH THREE.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>Origin of the Pleiades and the Pine.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Long ago, when the world was new, there were seven -boys who used to spend all their time down by the town-house, playing -the gatayusti game, rolling a stone wheel along the ground and sliding -a curved stick after it to strike it. Their mothers scolded but it did -no good, so one day they collected some gatayusti stones and boiled -them in the pot with the corn for dinner.</p> -<p class="par">When the boys came home hungry their mothers dipped out -the stones and said, “Since you like the gatayusti better than -the cornfield, take the stones now for your dinner.”</p> -<p class="par">The boys were very angry, and went down to the -town-house, saying, “As our mothers treat us this way, let us go -where we shall never trouble them any more.” They began a -dance—some say it was the feather dance—and went round and -round the town-house, praying to the spirits to help them. At last -their mothers were afraid something was wrong and went out to look for -them.</p> -<p class="par">They saw the boys still dancing around the town-house, -and as they watched they noticed that their feet were off the earth, -and that with every round they rose higher and higher in the air.</p> -<p class="par">They ran to get their children, but it was too late, for -they were already above the roof of the town-house—all but one, -whose mother managed to pull him down with the gatayusti pole, but he -struck the ground with such force that he sank into it and the earth -closed over him. The other six children circled higher and higher until -they went up to the sky, where we see them now <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb137" href="#pb137" name="pb137">137</a>]</span>as -the pleiades, which the Cherokee still calls -“Anitsutsa<span class="corr" id="xd23e6434" title= -"Not in source">”</span> (the Boys).</p> -<p class="par">The people grieved long after them, but the mother whose -boy had gone into the ground came every morning and evening to cry over -the spot, until the earth was damp with her tears.</p> -<p class="par">At last a little green shoot sprouted up and grew day by -day until it became the tall tree that we now call the pine, and the -pine is still of the same nature as the stars and holds in itself the -same bright light.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH FOUR.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>The Milky Way.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Some people in the South had a corn mill, in which -they pounded the corn into meal, and several mornings when they came to -fill it they noticed that some of the meal had been stolen during the -night.</p> -<p class="par">They examined the ground, and found the tracks of a dog; -so the next night they watched, and when the dog came from the North, -and began to eat the meal out of the bowl, they sprang out and whipped -him. He ran off howling to his home in the North, with the meal -dropping from his mouth as he ran, and leaving behind a white trail -where now we see the Milky Way, which the Cherokee calls to this day -Gili-utsunstanunyi, “Where the dog ran.” <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb138" href="#pb138" name="pb138">138</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH FIVE.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>The Deluge.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">A long time ago a man had a dog, which began to go -down to the river every day and look at the water and howl. At last the -man was very angry and scolded the dog, which then spoke to him and -said: “Very soon there is going to be a great freshet and the -water will come so high that everybody will be drowned; but if you will -make a raft to get upon when the rain comes, you can be saved, but you -must first throw me into the water.” The man did not believe it, -and the dog said, “If you want a sign that I speak the truth, -look at the back of my neck.” He looked and saw that the -dog’s neck had the skin worked off so that the bones stuck -out.</p> -<p class="par">Then he believed the dog, and began to build a raft. -Soon the rain came and he took his family, with plenty of provisions, -and they all got upon it. It rained for a long time, and the water rose -until the mountains were covered and all the people in the world were -drowned. Then the rain stopped and the water went down again, until at -last it was safe to come off the raft.</p> -<p class="par">Now, there was no one alive but the man and his family, -but one day they heard a sound of dancing and shouting on the other -side of the ridge. The man climbed to the top and looked over; -everything was still, but all along the valley he saw great piles of -bones of the people who had been drowned, and then he knew that the -Ghosts had been dancing. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb139" href= -"#pb139" name="pb139">139</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH SIX.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>How the Terrapin Beat the Rabbit.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">The Rabbit was a great runner and a great boaster -of what she could do. No one thought that a Terrapin was anything but a -slow traveler, but he was a great warrior and very boastful, and the -two were always disputing about their speed. At last they agreed to -decide the matter by a race.</p> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="figure xd23e6474width" id="p139"><img src="images/p139.jpg" -alt="Tuckaseigee River." width="466" height="720"> -<p class="figureHead">Tuckaseigee River.</p> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="q"> -<div class="body"> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“There the Tuckaseigee River</p> -<p class="line">Dashes down its rocky bed.”</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<p class="par">They fixed the day and the starting place, and arranged -to run across four mountain ridges, and the one who came in first at -the end of the race was to be the winner.</p> -<p class="par">The Rabbit felt so sure of it that he said to the -Terrapin, “You know you can’t run. You know you can never -win the race, so I’ll give you the first ridge and then -you’ll have three to cross while I go over four.” The -Terrapin said that would be all right, but that night when he went home -to his family he sent for his Terrapin friends and told them he wanted -their help. He said he knew he could not outrun the Rabbit, but he -wanted to stop the Rabbit’s boasting. He explained his plan to -his friends and they agreed to help him. When the day came all the -animals were there to see the race. The Rabbit was there with them, but -the Terrapin was gone ahead toward the first ridge, as they had -arranged, and they could hardly see him on account of the tall -grass.</p> -<p class="par">The word was given and the Rabbit <span class="corr" id= -"xd23e6493" title="Not in source">ran</span> off with long jumps up the -mountain, expecting to win the race before the Terrapin could get down -on the other side. But before he got up the mountain he saw the -Terrapin go over the ridge ahead of him. He ran on, and when he reached -the top he looked all around, but could not see the Terrapin on account -of the long grass. He kept on <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb140" -href="#pb140" name="pb140">140</a>]</span>down the mountain and began -to climb the second ridge, but when he looked up again there was the -Terrapin just going over the top.</p> -<p class="par">Now he was very much surprised, and made his longest -jumps to catch up, but when he got to the top there was the Terrapin -away in front going over the third ridge. The Rabbit was getting tired -now and nearly out of breath, but he kept on down the mountain and up -the other ridge until he got to the top just in time to see the -Terrapin cross the fourth ridge and thus win the race. The Rabbit could -not make another jump, but fell over on the ground, crying, “mi, -mi, mi, mi,” as the Rabbit does ever since when he is too tired -to run any more.</p> -<p class="par">The race was given to the Terrapin, and all the animals -wondered how he could win against the Rabbit, but he kept still and -never told. It was easy enough, however, because all the -Terrapin’s friends look just alike, and he had simply posted one -near the top of each ridge to wait until the Rabbit came in sight and -then climb over and hide in the long grass.</p> -<p class="par">When the Rabbit came on he could not find the Terrapin -and so thought the Terrapin was ahead, and if he had met one of the -other Terrapins he would have thought it the same one, because they -look so much alike. The real Terrapin had posted himself on the fourth -ridge, so as to come in at the end of the race and be ready to answer -questions if the animals suspected anything.</p> -<p class="par">Because the Rabbit had to lie down and lose the race the -conjurer now, when preparing his young men for the ball play, boils a -lot of rabbit hamstrings into soup, and sends some one to pour it -across the path along which the other players have to come in the -morning, so that they may become tired in the same way and lose the -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb141" href="#pb141" name= -"pb141">141</a>]</span>game. It is not always easy to do this, because -the other party is expecting it and has watchers ahead to prevent -it.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH SEVEN.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>The Rabbit and the Tar Wolf.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Once there was such a long spell of dry weather -that there was no more water in the creeks and springs, and the animals -held a council to see what to do about it. They decided to dig a well, -and all agreed to help except the Rabbit, who was a lazy fellow, and -said, “I don’t need to dig for water. The dew on the grass -is enough for me.” The others did not like this, but they went to -work together and dug the well.</p> -<p class="par">They noticed by and by that the Rabbit kept sleek and -lively, although it was still dry weather and the water was getting low -in the well. They said, “That tricky Rabbit steals our water at -night,” so they made a wolf of pine gum and tar and set it up by -the well to scare the thief. That night the Rabbit came, as he had been -coming every night, to drink enough to last him all next day. He saw -the queer black thing by the well and said, “Who’s -there?” but the tar wolf said nothing.</p> -<p class="par">He came nearer, but the wolf never moved, so he grew -braver and said, “Get out of my way or I will kick you.” -Still the wolf never moved and the Rabbit came up and struck it with -its front foot, but the tar held it fast. Now he was angry and said: -“Turn my foot loose, or I will strike you with my other front -foot”; still the wolf said nothing. Then the Rabbit struck the -wolf with his other foot, and it stuck, and the Rabbit said, -“Turn my <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb142" href="#pb142" name= -"pb142">142</a>]</span>foot loose or I will kick you,” and still -the wolf was silent, and then the rabbit kicked with his right hind -foot so hard that it stuck, and still the wolf said nothing; and the -Rabbit said, “If you don’t turn my foot loose, I will kick -you with my left hind foot, which never fails to accomplish what I want -it to do”; yet the wolf was silent, and the Rabbit made his last -kick and the foot stuck, just as the others had done.</p> -<p class="par">The Rabbit plead with the wolf to let him go, and yet no -response came, and, at last, when he found he was stuck fast with his -feet, he said: “If you don’t turn me loose I will butt you -with all my might,” and in his desperation, he struck with all -his force, and his head stuck fast to the wolf.</p> -<p class="par">In the morning all the animals came down to the well to -drink as usual, and found the Rabbit stuck fast to the wolf of tar, and -they began to discuss what disposition to make of him, so one suggested -that they cut his head off, to which the Rabbit replied, “Please -do cut my head off, for it is such an easy death to die,” but -this aroused the suspicion of the animals, so that the fox said, -“No, we will not do this for he deserves a harsher death than -this,” whereupon they all agreed. Then the Wolf suggested that -they burn him alive, to which the Rabbit said, “Please Mr. Wolf, -have me burned, for that will be so easy,” but this did not -please the audience, and another suggested that they take him to the -briar patch, and throw him into the thickest part of the sharp briars -to scratch him to pieces, to which the Rabbit said, “Oh, Mr. Fox, -please do not allow me to be thrown into the briars for they stick and -scratch me so much that I could never stand the pain”; and they -all with one accord exclaimed, “Throw him in,” and they -threw him into the briars, and the Rabbit sped away as fast as he -could, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb143" href="#pb143" name= -"pb143">143</a>]</span>saying, “This is where I was reared, this -is my home, and this is all that I could desire.”</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH EIGHT.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>The Rabbit and the Possum After a Wife.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">The Rabbit and the Possum each wanted a wife, but -no one would marry either of them. They talked the matter over and the -Rabbit said, “We can’t get wives here; let’s go to -the next settlement. I’m the messenger for the council, and -I’ll tell the people that I bring an order that everybody must -take a mate at once, and then we’ll be sure to get -wives.”</p> -<p class="par">The Possum thought this a fine plan, so they started off -together to the next town. As the Rabbit traveled faster he got there -first and waited outside until the people noticed him and took him into -the town-house. When the chief came to ask him his business the Rabbit -said he brought an important message from the council that everybody -must get married without delay. So the chief called the people together -and told them the message from the council, whereupon every animal took -a mate at once, and the Rabbit got a wife.</p> -<p class="par">The Possum traveled so slowly that he got there after -all the animals had mated, leaving him still without a wife.</p> -<p class="par">The Rabbit pretended to feel sorry for him and said, -“Never mind, I’ll carry the message to the people in the -next settlement, and you hurry on as fast as you can, and this time you -will get your wife.” So he went on to the next town, and the -Possum followed close after <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb144" href= -"#pb144" name="pb144">144</a>]</span>him. But when the Rabbit got to -the town-house, he sent out the word that, as there had been peace so -long there that everybody was getting lazy, the council had ordered -that there must be war at once, and they must begin right in the -town-house. So they all began fighting, but the Rabbit made four great -leaps and got away just as the Possum came in. Everybody jumped on the -Possum, who had not thought of bringing his weapons on a wedding trip, -and so could not defend himself. They had nearly beaten the life out of -him when he fell over and pretended to be dead until he saw a good -chance to jump up and get away. The Possum never got a wife, but he -remembers the lesson, and ever since he shuts his eyes and pretends to -be dead when the hunter has him in a close place.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH NINE.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>How the Turkey Got His Beard.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">When the Terrapin won the race from the Rabbit -(see Myth Six) all the animals wondered and talked about it a great -deal, because they had always thought the Terrapin slow, although they -knew that he was a warrior and had many conjuring secrets besides.</p> -<p class="par">But the Turkey was not satisfied, and told the others -that there must be some trick about it. Said he, “I know the -Terrapin can’t run—he can hardly crawl—and I’m -going to try him.”</p> -<p class="par">So one day the Turkey met the Terrapin coming home from -war with a fresh scalp hanging from his neck and dragging on the ground -as he traveled. The Turkey <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb145" href= -"#pb145" name="pb145">145</a>]</span>laughed at the sight and said: -“That scalp don’t look right on you. Your neck is too short -and low down to wear it that way. Let me show you.”</p> -<p class="par">The Terrapin agreed and gave the scalp to the Turkey, -who fastened it around his neck. “Now,” said the Turkey, -“I’ll walk a little way and you can see how it -looks.” So he walked ahead a short distance and then turned and -asked the Terrapin how he liked it. Said the Terrapin, “It looks -very nice; it becomes you.”</p> -<p class="par">“Now, I’ll fix it in a different way and let -you see how it looks,” said the Turkey. So he gave the string -another pull and walked ahead again. “Oh, that looks very -nice,” said the Terrapin. But the Turkey kept on walking, and the -Terrapin called to him to bring back the scalp, but he only walked the -faster and broke into a run.</p> -<p class="par">Then the Terrapin got out his bow and by his conjuring -art shot a number of cane splits into the Turkey’s legs, to -cripple him so he could not run, which accounts for all the many bones -in the Turkey’s legs, that are of no use whatever; but the -Terrapin never caught the Turkey, who still wears the scalp from his -neck.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH TEN.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>Why the Turkey Gobbles.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">A long time ago the Grouse had a fine voice and a -good halloo in the ball play. All the animals and birds used to play -ball in those days and were just as proud of a loud halloo as the ball -players of today. The Turkey had a poor voice, so he asked the Grouse -to give him <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb146" href="#pb146" name= -"pb146">146</a>]</span>lessons. The Grouse agreed to teach him, but -wanted pay for his trouble, and the Turkey promised to give him some -feathers to make him a collar. This is how the Grouse got his collar of -turkey feathers. They began the lessons, and the Turkey learned very -fast until the Grouse thought it was time for the Turkey to try his -voice. “Now,” said the Grouse, “I’ll stand on -this hollow log, and when I give the signal by tapping on it, you must -halloo as loudly as you can.” So he got upon the log ready to tap -on it, as a Grouse does, but when he gave the signal the Turkey was so -eager and excited that he could not raise his voice for a shout, but -only gobbled, and ever since then he gobbles whenever he hears a -noise.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH ELEVEN.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>How the Kingfisher Got His Bill.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Some old men tell us that the Kingfisher was meant -in the beginning to be a water bird, but as he had not been given -either web feet or a good bill he could not make a living.</p> -<p class="par">The animals held a council over it and decided to make -him a bill like a long sharp awl for a fish-gig or spear.</p> -<p class="par">They made him a fish-gig and fastened it on in front of -his mouth. Me flew to the top of a tree, sailed out and darted down -into the water, and came up with a fish on his gig; and he has been the -best gigger ever since.</p> -<p class="par">Others say it was this way: A Blacksnake found a -yellow-hammer’s nest in a hollow tree, and after swallowing -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb147" href="#pb147" name= -"pb147">147</a>]</span>the young birds, coiled up in the nest to sleep, -and when the mother bird found him there, she went for help to the -Little People, who sent her to the Kingfisher. He came, and after -flying back and forth past the hole a few times, made one dart at the -snake and pulled him out dead.</p> -<p class="par">When they looked they found a hole in the snake’s -head where the Kingfisher had pierced it with a slender tugaluna fish, -which he carried in his bill like a lance. From this the Little People -concluded that he would make a first-class gigger if he only had the -right spear, so they gave him his long bill as a reward, and he has -ever since been known among all the fowls and animals as the best -fisherman among them.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH TWELVE.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>How the Partridge Got His Whistle.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">In the old days, when the world was new, the -Terrapin had a fine whistle, but the Partridge had none. The Terrapin -was constantly going about whistling and showing his whistle to the -other animals, until the Partridge became jealous, so one day when they -met, the Partridge asked leave of the Terrapin to try the whistle.</p> -<p class="par">The Terrapin was afraid to risk it at first, suspecting -some trick, but the Partridge said, “I’ll give it back -right away, and if you are afraid you can stay with me while I -practice.” So the Terrapin let him have the whistle and the -Partridge walked around blowing on it in fine fashion. “How does -it sound with me?” asked the Partridge. “O, you do very -well,” said the Terrapin, walking <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb148" href="#pb148" name="pb148">148</a>]</span>alongside. -“Now, how do you like it,” said the Partridge, running -ahead and whistling a little faster. “That’s fine,” -answered the Terrapin, hurrying to keep up, “but don’t run -so fast.” “And now how do you like this?” called the -Partridge, and with that he spread his wings, gave one long whistle, -and flew to the top of a tree, leaving the poor Terrapin to look after -him from the ground.</p> -<p class="par">The Terrapin never recovered his whistle, and from that -and the loss of his scalp, which was stolen from him by the Turkey, he -grew ashamed to be seen, and ever since then he shuts himself up in his -box when anyone comes near him.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTEEN.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>How the Red Bird Got His Color.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">A Raccoon passing a Wolf one day made several -insulting remarks, until at last the Wolf became angry and turned and -chased him. The Raccoon ran his best, and managed to reach a tree by -the river side before the Wolf came up. He climbed the tree and -stretched out on a limb overhanging the water. When the Wolf arrived, -he saw the reflection in the water, and, thinking it was the Raccoon, -jumped at it and was nearly drowned before he could scramble out again, -all wet and dripping. He lay down on the bank to dry and fell asleep, -and while he was sleeping the Raccoon came down the tree and got some -blue-pipe clay and plastered his eyes so that he could not open them -and he began to howl and make a whining noise. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb149" href="#pb149" name="pb149">149</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">A little brown bird came along and hearing the Wolf -crying, asked what was the matter. The Wolf told his story and said: -“If you will get my eyes open, I will show you where to get some -nice red paint to paint yourself.” “All right,” said -the brown bird; so he began to peck at the mud and soon got his eyes -open. Then the Wolf took him to a rock that had streaks of bright red -paint running through it, and the little bird painted himself with it, -and has ever since been known as the Red-bird.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH FOURTEEN.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>The Pheasant Beating Corn, the Origin of the -Pheasant Dance.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">The Pheasant once saw a woman beating corn in a -wooden mortar in front of the house. “I can do that, too,” -said he, but the woman would not believe it, so the Pheasant went into -the woods and got upon a hollow log and “drummed” with his -wings, as a Pheasant does, until the people in the house heard him and -thought he was really beating corn.</p> -<p class="par">In the Pheasant dance, a part of the Green-Corn dance, -the instrument used is a drum, and the dancers beat the ground with -their feet in imitation of the drumming sound made by the Pheasant.</p> -<p class="par">They form two concentric circles, the men beginning on -the inside, facing the women in the outer circle; each in turn -advancing and retreating at the signal of the drummer, who sits at one -side and sings the Pheasant songs. According to the story, there was -once a winter famine among the birds and animals. No mast could -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb150" href="#pb150" name= -"pb150">150</a>]</span>be found in the woods, and they were near -starvation when a Pheasant discovered a holly tree, loaded with red -berries, which the Pheasant is very fond of. He called his companions, -and they formed a circle about the tree, singing, dancing and drumming -with their wings in token of their joy, and thus originated the -Pheasant dance.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH FIFTEEN.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>The Race Between the Crane and the -Humming-Bird.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">The Humming-Bird and the Crane were both in love -with a pretty woman. She <span class="corr" id="xd23e6640" title= -"Source: perferred">preferred</span> the Humming-bird, who was as -handsome as the Crane was awkward, but the Crane was so persistent that -in order to get rid of him she finally told him he must challenge the -other to a race and she would marry the winner. The Humming-bird was so -swift—almost like a flash of lightning—and the Crane so -slow and heavy, that she felt sure that the Humming-bird would win. She -did not know that the Crane could fly all night.</p> -<p class="par">They agreed to start from her house and fly around the -circle of the world to the beginning, and the one who came in first -would marry the woman. At the word the Humming-bird darted off like an -arrow and was out of sight in a moment, leaving his rival to follow -heavily behind. He flew all day, and when evening came and he stopped -to roost for the night he was far ahead. But the Crane flew steadily -all night, passing the humming-bird soon after midnight, and going on -until he came to a creek and stopped to rest about daybreak. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb151" href="#pb151" name= -"pb151">151</a>]</span>The Humming-bird woke up in the morning and flew -on again, thinking how easily he would win the race, until he reached -the creek, and there found the Crane spearing tadpoles, with his long -bill, for breakfast.</p> -<p class="par">He was very much surprised and wondered how this could -have happened, but he flew swiftly by and soon left the Crane out of -sight again. The Crane finished his breakfast and started on, and when -evening came he kept on as before.</p> -<p class="par">This time it was hardly midnight when he passed the -Humming-bird asleep on a limb, and in the morning he had finished his -breakfast before the other came up. The next day he gained a little -more, and on the fourth day he was spearing tadpoles for dinner when -the Humming-bird passed him. On the fifth and sixth days it was late in -the afternoon before the Humming-bird came up, and, on the morning of -the seventh day the Crane was a whole night’s travel ahead.</p> -<p class="par">He took his time at breakfast and then fixed himself up -as nicely as he could at the creek and came in at the starting place -where the woman lived, early in the morning.</p> -<p class="par">When the Humming-bird arrived in the afternoon he found -that he had lost the race, but the woman declared she would never have -such an ugly fellow for a husband as the Crane.</p> -<p class="par">Moral. Beware of fine feathers. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb152" href="#pb152" name="pb152">152</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div1 poem"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h2 class="main"><i>SNAKE, FISH AND INSECT MYTHS.</i></h2> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH SIXTEEN.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>The Snake Tribe.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">The generic name for snake is inadu. They are all -regarded as inaduwehi, “supernaturals,” having an intimate -connection with the rain and the thunder gods, and possessing a certain -influence over the other animals and plant tribes. It is said that the -snakes, the deer, and the ginseng act as allies, so that an injury to -one is avenged by the others. The feeling toward snakes is one mingled -with fear and reverence, and every precaution is taken to avoid the -killing or offending one, especially the rattlesnake. He who kills a -snake will soon see others; and should he kill a second one, so many -will come around him, whichever way he may turn, that he will become -dazed at the sight of their glistening eyes and darting tongues, and -will go wandering about like a crazy man, unable to find his way out of -the woods.</p> -<p class="par">To guard against this misfortune there are certain -prayers which the initiated say in order that a snake may not cross -their path, and on meeting the first one of the season the hunter -humbly begs of him, “Let us not see each other this -summer.” Certain smells, as that of the wild parsnip, and certain -songs, as those of the Unikawi or town-house dance, are offensive to -the snakes and make them angry. For this reason the Unikawi dance is -held only late in the fall, after they have retired to their dens for -the winter. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb153" href="#pb153" name= -"pb153">153</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">When one dreams of being bitten by a snake he must be -treated the same as for the actual bite, because it is the snake ghost -that has bitten him; otherwise the place will swell and ulcerate in the -same way, even though it be years afterwards. For fear of offending -them, even in speaking, it is never said that a man has been bitten by -a snake, but only that he has been “scratched by a briar.” -Most of the beliefs and customs in this connection have more special -reference to the rattlesnake.</p> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="table"> -<table> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft cellTop"> -<div class="figure xd23e6679width" id="p153-1"><img src= -"images/p153-1.jpg" alt="Kanuga Lake and Pinnacle." width="333" height= -"510"> -<p class="figureHead">Kanuga Lake and Pinnacle.</p> -</div> -</td> -<td class="cellRight cellTop"> -<div class="figure xd23e6684width" id="p153-2"><img src= -"images/p153-2.jpg" alt="Lake Fairfield." width="333" height="512"> -<p class="figureHead">Lake Fairfield.</p> -</div> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft cellBottom"> -<div class="figure xd23e6690width" id="p153-3"><img src= -"images/p153-3.jpg" alt="Kanuga Lake, Hendersonville." width="333" -height="514"> -<p class="figureHead">Kanuga Lake, Hendersonville.</p> -</div> -</td> -<td class="cellRight cellBottom"> -<div class="figure xd23e6695width"><img src="images/p153-4.jpg" alt= -"Pacolet River, Hendersonville." width="333" height="510"> -<p class="figureHead">Pacolet River, Hendersonville.</p> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="q"> -<div class="body"> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Down the valley glides the river,</p> -<p class="line">Murmuring a sad farewell.”</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -</div> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<p class="par">The rattlesnake is called utsanati, which may be -rendered, “he has a bell,” alluding to the rattles. -According to their myths the rattlesnake was once a man, and was -transformed to his present shape that he might save the human race from -extermination by the Sun, a mission which he accomplished successfully -after others had failed.</p> -<p class="par">By the old men he is also spoken of as “The -Thunder’s Necklace,” and to kill one is to destroy one of -the most prized ornaments of the Thunder-god. In one of the formulas -addressed to the Little Men, the sons of the Thunder, they are implored -to take the disease snake to themselves, because, “It is just -what you adorn yourselves with.”</p> -<p class="par">For obvious reasons the rattlesnake is regarded as the -chief of the tribe and is feared and respected accordingly. Few -Cherokee will venture to kill one except under absolute necessity, and -even then the crime must be atoned for by asking pardon of the snake -ghost, either through the mediation of a priest or in person according -to a set formula.</p> -<p class="par">Otherwise, the relatives of the dead snake will send one -of their number to track up the offender and bite him, so that he will -die. The only thing of which it is said that the rattlesnake is afraid -is the plant known as <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb154" href= -"#pb154" name="pb154">154</a>]</span>campion, or -“rattlesnake’s master” (Silene Stella), which is used -by doctors to counteract the effect of the bite, and it is believed -that a snake will flee in terror from the hunter who carries a small -piece of the root about his person.</p> -<p class="par">Notwithstanding the fear of the rattlesnake, his -rattles, teeth, flesh and oil are greatly prized for occult or medical -uses, the snake being killed for this purpose by certain priests who -know the necessary rites and formulas for obtaining pardon.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH SEVENTEEN.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>The Uktena and the Ulunsuti.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Long ago—hilahiyu—when the Sun became -angry at the people on earth, and sent a sickness to destroy them, the -Little Men changed a man into a monster snake, as large as the trunk of -a tree, with horns, which they called the Uktena, “The -Keen-eyed,” and sent him to kill her. He failed to do the work, -and the Rattlesnake had to be sent instead, which made the Uktena so -jealous and angry that the people were afraid of him and had him taken -to Galunlati, to stay with the other dangerous things. He left others -behind him, though, nearly as large and dangerous as himself, and they -hide now in the deep pools in the river and about lonely passes in the -high mountains, the places which the Cherokee call, “Where the -Uktena stays.”</p> -<p class="par">Those who know say that the Uktena with its horns on its -head has a bright blazing crest like a diamond upon its forehead, and -scales glittering like sparks of <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb155" -href="#pb155" name="pb155">155</a>]</span>fire upon its body. It has -rings or spots along its whole length, and cannot be wounded except by -shooting in the seventh spot from the head because under this spot are -its heart and its life.</p> -<p class="par">The blazing spot is called Ulunsuti, -“Transparent,” and he who can win it may become the -greatest wonder-worker of the tribe, but it is worth a man’s life -to attempt it, for whoever is seen by the Uktena is so dazed by the -bright light that he runs toward the snake instead of trying to escape. -Even to see the Uktena asleep is death, not to the hunter himself, but -to his family. Of all the daring warriors who have started out in -search of Ulunsu’ti only <span class="corr" id="xd23e6734" title= -"Source: Agan-unitsi">Agan-uni-tsi</span> ever came back -successful.</p> -<p class="par">The East Cherokee still keeps the one that he bought. It -is like a transparent crystal, nearly the shape of a cartridge bullet, -with blood-red streaks running thru the center from top to bottom. The -owner keeps it wrapped in a whole deerskin, inside an earthen vessel, -hidden away in a secret cave in the mountains.</p> -<p class="par">Every seven days he feeds it with the blood of small -game, rubbing the blood all over the crystal as soon as the animal has -been killed. Twice a year it must have the blood of a deer or some -other large animal. Should he forget to feed it at the proper time it -would come out of the cave at night in a shape of fire and fly thru the -air to slake its thirst with the life blood of the conjurer or some of -his people.</p> -<p class="par">He may save himself from this danger by telling it, when -he puts it away, that he will not need it again for a long time. It -will then go quietly to sleep and feel no hunger until it is again -brought out to be consulted. Then it must be fed again on blood before -it is used. No white man must ever see it, and no person but the owner -will venture near it for fear of sudden death. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb156" href="#pb156" name="pb156">156</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Even the conjurer who keeps it is afraid of it, and -changes its hiding place every once in a while so that it cannot learn -the way out. When he dies it will be buried with him. Otherwise, it -will come out of its cave, like a blazing star, to search for his -grave, night after night for seven years, when, if still not able to -find him, it will go back to sleep forever where he has placed it.</p> -<p class="par">Whoever owns the Ulunsuti is sure of success in hunting, -love, rain-making and every other business, but its great use is in -life prophecy. When it is consulted for this purpose the future is seen -mirrored in the clear crystal as a tree is reflected in the quiet -stream below, and the conjurer knows whether the sick man will recover, -whether the warrior will return from the battle, or whether the youth -will live to be old.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH EIGHTEEN.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>Agan-uni-tsi’s Search for the -Uktena.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">In one of their battles with the Showano, who are -all magicians, the Cherokee captured a great medicine-man, whose name -was Agan-uni-tsi, “The Ground-Hog’s Mother.” They had -tied him ready for the torture when he begged for his life, and -engaged, if they spared him, to find for them the great wonder-worker, -the Ulunsuti. Now, the Ulunsuti is like a blazing star set in the -forehead of the great Uktena serpent, and the medicine-man who could -possess it might do marvelous things, but everyone knew that this could -not be, because it was certain death to meet the Uktena. They warned -him of all this, but he only answered that his medicine was -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb157" href="#pb157" name= -"pb157">157</a>]</span>strong and that he was not afraid. So they gave -him his life on that condition and he began the search.</p> -<p class="par">The Uktena used to lie in wait in lonely places to -surprise its victims, and especially haunted the dark passes of the -Great Smoky Mountains. Knowing this, the magician went first to a gap -in the range on the far northern border of the Cherokee country. He -searched there and found a monster blacksnake, larger than had ever -been known before, but it was not what he was looking for, and he -laughed at it as something too small for notice.</p> -<p class="par">Coming southward to the next gap he found there a -moccasin snake, the largest ever seen, but when the people wondered he -said it was nothing. In the next gap he found a green snake and called -the people to see it, (the pretty salikwaya), but when they found an -immense greensnake coiled up in the path they ran away in fear.</p> -<p class="par">Coming on to Utawa-gun-ti, the Bald mountain, he found -there a great diyahali (lizard) basking, but, although it was large and -terrible to look at, it was not what he was looking for and he paid no -attention to it. Going still further south to Walasi-yi, the Frog -place, he found a great frog squatting in the gap but when the people -who came to see it were frightened like the others and ran away from -the monster he mocked at them for being afraid of a frog and went on to -the next gap.</p> -<p class="par">He went on to Duni-skwa-lgun-yi, the Gap of the Forked -Antler, and to the enchanted lake of Atagahi, and at each he found -monstrous reptiles, but he said they were nothing.</p> -<p class="par">He thought that the Uktena might be hiding in the deep -water at Tlanusiyi, the Leech place, on Hiwassee, where other strange -things had been seen before, and going there he dived far down under -the surface. He <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb158" href="#pb158" -name="pb158">158</a>]</span>saw turtles and water snakes, and two -immense sun-perches rushed at him and retreated again, but that was -all.</p> -<p class="par">Other places he tried, going always southward, and at -last on Gahuti mountain he found the Uktena asleep.</p> -<p class="par">Turning without noise, he ran swiftly down the -mountainside as far as he could go with one long breath, nearly to the -bottom of the slope. Then he stopped and piled up a lot of pine-cones, -and inside of it he dug a deep trench. Then he set fire to the cones -and came back again up the mountain.</p> -<p class="par">The Uktena was still asleep, and, putting an arrow to -his bow, <span class="corr" id="xd23e6776" title= -"Source: Agan-unitsi">Agan-uni-tsi</span> shot and sent the arrow -through its heart, which was under the seventh spot from the -serpent’s head.</p> -<p class="par">The great snake raised his head, with the diamond in -front flashing fire, and came straight at his enemy, but the magician, -turning quickly, ran at full speed down the mountain, cleared the -circle of fire and the trench at one bound, and lay down on the ground -inside. The Uktena tried to follow, but the arrow was thru his heart, -and in another moment he rolled over in his death struggle, spitting -poison over all the mountainside. The poison drops could not pass the -circle of fire, but only hissed and sputtered in the blaze, and the -magician on the inside was untouched except by one small drop which -struck upon his head as he lay close to the ground; but he did not know -it. The blood, too, as poisonous as the froth, poured from the -Uktena’s wound and down the slope in a stream, but it ran into -the trench and left him unharmed.</p> -<p class="par">The dying monster rolled over and over down the -mountain, breaking down large trees in its path until it reached the -bottom. Then Agan-uni-tsi called every bird <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb159" href="#pb159" name="pb159">159</a>]</span>in -all the woods to come to the feast, and so many came that when they -were done not even the bones were left. After seven days he went by -night to the spot.</p> -<p class="par">The body and the bones of the snake were gone, all eaten -by the birds, but he saw a bright light shining in the darkness, and -going over to it he found, resting on a low-hanging branch, where a -raven had dropped it<span class="corr" id="xd23e6788" title= -"Source: .">,</span> the diamond from the head of Uktena. He wrapped it -up carefully and took it with him, and from that time he became the -greatest medicine-man in the whole tribe.</p> -<p class="par">When he came down again to the settlement the people -noticed a small snake hanging from his head where the single drop of -poison from the Uktena had struck him; but so long as he lived he -himself never knew that it was there.</p> -<p class="par">Where the blood of the Uktena had filled the trench a -lake formed afterwards, and the water was black and in this water the -women used to dye the cane splits for their baskets.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH NINETEEN.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>The Red Man and the Uktena.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Two brothers went hunting together, and when they -came to a good camping place in the mountains they made a fire, and -while one gathered bark to put up a shelter, the other started up the -creek to look for a deer. Soon he heard a noise on the top of the ridge -as if two animals were fighting. He hurried thru the brush to see what -it might be, and when he came to the spot he found a great Uktena -coiled around a man and choking <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb160" -href="#pb160" name="pb160">160</a>]</span>him to death. The man was -fighting for his life, and called out to the hunter, “Help me, -nephew; he is your enemy as well as mine.” The hunter took good -aim, and, drawing the arrow to the head, sent it thru the body of the -Uktena, so that the blood spouted from the hole. The snake loosed its -coils with a snapping noise, and went tumbling down the ridge into the -valley, tearing up the earth like a water-spout as it rolled.</p> -<p class="par">The stranger stood up, and it was the Asgaya Gigagei, -the Red Man of the Lightning. He said to the hunter: “You have -helped me, and now I will reward you, and give you a medicine so that -you can always find game.” They waited until it was dark, and -then went down the ridge to where the dead Uktena had rolled, but by -this time the birds and the insects had eaten the body and only the -bones were left.</p> -<p class="par">In one place were flashes of light coming up from the -ground, and on digging here, just under the surface, the Red Man found -a scale of the Uktena. Next he went over to the tree that had been -struck by lightning, and gathering a handful of splinters he made a -fire and burned the scale of the Uktena to a coal. He wrapped this in a -piece of deerskin and gave it to the hunter, saying: “As long as -you keep this you can always kill game.”</p> -<p class="par">Then he told the hunter that when he went back to camp -he must hang up the medicine on a tree outside, because it was very -strong and dangerous. He told him also that when he went into the cabin -he would find his brother lying inside nearly dead on account of the -presence of the Uktena scale, but he must take a small piece of cane, -which the Red Man gave him, and scrape a little of it into water and -give it to his brother to drink, and he would be well again.</p> -<p class="par">Then the Red Man was gone, and the hunter could not -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb161" href="#pb161" name= -"pb161">161</a>]</span>see where he went. He returned to camp alone, -and found his brother very sick, but soon cured him with the medicine -from the cane, and that day and the next, and every day after, he found -game whenever he went for it.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>The Hunter and the Uksuhi.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">A man living down in Georgia came to visit some -relatives at Hickory-log. He was a great hunter, and after resting for -some days, got ready to go into the mountains. His friends warned him -not to go toward the north, as in that direction, near a certain large -uprooted tree, there lived a dangerous monster Uksuhi snake.</p> -<p class="par">It kept constant watch, and whenever it could spring -upon an unwary hunter it would coil about him and crush out his life in -its folds, and then drag the dead body down the mountainside into a -deep hole in Hiwassee river. He listened quietly to the warning, but -all they said only made him the more anxious to see such a monster, so, -without saying anything of his intentions, he left the settlement and -took his way directly up the mountain toward the north.</p> -<p class="par">Soon he came to the fallen tree and climbed upon the -trunk, and there, sure enough, on the other side was the great Uksuhi -stretched out in the grass, with its head raised, but looking the other -way.</p> -<p class="par">It was as large as a common trunk of a tree, and at the -sight of this terrible monster the hunter became so much frightened -that he made haste to get down <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb162" -href="#pb162" name="pb162">162</a>]</span>from the log and started to -run; but the great snake had heard him approach, and the noise as he -started to make his escape, whereupon it turned quickly and pursued -him.</p> -<p class="par">Up the ridge the hunter ran, the snake close behind him, -then down the other side toward the river, but with all his running the -Uksuhi gained rapidly, and just as he reached the low ground it caught -up with him and wrapped around him, pinning one arm down by his side, -but leaving the other free. Now, it gave him a terrible squeeze that -almost broke his ribs, and then began to drag him along toward the -water. With his free hand the hunter began to clutch at the bushes as -they passed, but the snake turned his head and blew its sickening -breath into his face, until he had to let go his hold.</p> -<p class="par">Again and again this happened, and all the time they -were getting nearer and nearer to a deep hole in the river, when, -almost at the last moment, a lucky thought came into the hunter’s -mind. He was sweating all over from his run across the mountain, and -suddenly remembered to have heard that snakes cannot bear the smell of -perspiration. Putting his free hand into his bosom he worked it around -under his armpit until it was covered with perspiration. Then -withdrawing it, he grasped at a bush until the snake turned its head, -when he quickly slapped his sweaty hand on its nose. The Uksuhi gave -one gasp almost as if it had been wounded, loosened its coil, and -glided swiftly away thru the bushes, leaving the hunter, bruised but -not disabled, to make his way home to the Hickory-log. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb163" href="#pb163" name="pb163">163</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-ONE.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>The Ustutli.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">There was once a great serpent, called the -Ustutli, that made its haunt upon Cohutta mountain. It was called the -Ustutli or “foot” snake, because it did not glide like -other snakes, but had feet at each end of its body, and moved by -strides or jerks, like a great measuring worm.</p> -<p class="par">These feet were three-cornered and flat and could hold -to the ground like suckers. It had no legs, but would raise itself up -on its hind feet, with its snaky head high in the air until it found a -good place to take a fresh hold; then it would bend down and grip its -front feet to the ground while it drew its body up from behind.</p> -<p class="par">It could cross rivers and deep ravines by throwing its -head across, and getting a grip with its front feet, and then swing its -body over. Wherever its footprints were found there was danger.</p> -<p class="par">It used to bleat like a young fawn, and when the hunter -heard a fawn bleat in the woods he never looked for it, but hurried -away in the other direction. Up the mountain or down, nothing could -escape the Ustutli’s pursuit, but along the side of the ridge it -could not go, because the great weight of its swinging head broke its -hold on the ground when it moved sideways.</p> -<p class="par">It came to pass after awhile that not a hunter about -Cohutta would venture near the mountain for dread of the Ustutli.</p> -<p class="par">At last a man from one of the northern settlements came -down to visit some relatives in that neighborhood. When he arrived they -made a feast for him, but only had <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb164" -href="#pb164" name="pb164">164</a>]</span>corn and beans, and excused -themselves for having no meat because the hunters were afraid to go -into the mountains. He asked the reason, and when they told him he said -he would go himself tomorrow and either bring in a deer or find the -Ustutli. They tried to dissuade him from it, but as he insisted upon -going they warned him that if a fawn bleated in the thicket he must run -at once and if the snake came after him he must not try to run down the -mountain, but along the side of the ridge.</p> -<p class="par">In the morning he started out, and went directly to the -mountain. Working his way thru the bushes at the base, he suddenly -heard a fawn bleat in front. He guessed at once that it was the -Ustutli, but he had made up his mind to see it, so he did not turn -back, but went straight forward, and there, sure enough, was the -monster, with its great head in the air, as high as the pine branches, -looking in every direction to discover a deer, or maybe a man, for -breakfast. It saw him and came at him at once, moving in jerky strides, -every one the length of a tree trunk, holding its scaly head high above -the bushes and bleating as it came. The hunter was so badly frightened -that he lost his wits entirely and started to run directly up the -mountain.</p> -<p class="par">The great snake came after him, gaining half its length -on him every time it took a fresh grip with its fore feet, and would -have caught the hunter before he reached the top of the ridge, but that -he suddenly remembered the warning and changed his course to run along -the side of the mountain. At once the snake began to lose ground, for -every time it raised itself up the weight of its body threw it out of a -straight line and made it fall a little lower down the side of the -ridge. It tried to recover itself, but now the hunter gained and kept -on until <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb165" href="#pb165" name= -"pb165">165</a>]</span>he turned the end of the ridge and left the -snake out of sight. Then he cautiously climbed to the top and looked -over and saw the Ustutli still slowly working its way toward the -summit.</p> -<p class="par">He went down to the base of the mountain, opened his -fire pouch, and set fire to the grass and leaves. Soon the fire ran all -around the mountain and began to climb upward.</p> -<p class="par">When the great serpent smelled the smoke and saw the -flames coming, it forgot all about the hunter and turned to make all -speed for a high cliff near the summit. It reached the rock and got -upon it, but the fire followed and caught the dead pines about the base -of the cliff until the heat made the Ustutli’s scales crack.</p> -<p class="par">Taking a close grip of the rock with its hind feet, it -raised its body and put forth all its strength in an effort to spring -across the wall of fire that surrounded it, but the smoke choked it and -its hold loosened and it fell among the blazing pine trunks and -<span class="corr" id="xd23e6869" title="Source: law">lay</span> there -until it was burned to ashes.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-TWO.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>The Uwtsunta.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">At Nundayeli, the wildest spot in Nantahala river, -(in what is now Macon County, North Carolina), where the overhanging -cliff is highest and the river far below, there lived in the old time a -great snake called the Uwtsunta (or bouncer), because it moved by jerks -like a measuring worm, with only one part of its body on the ground at -a time. It stayed generally on the east side, where <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb166" href="#pb166" name="pb166">166</a>]</span>the -sun came first in the morning, and used to cross by reaching over from -the highest point of the cliff until it could get a grip on the other -side, when it would pull over the rest of its body.</p> -<p class="par">It was so immense that when it was thus stretched -across, its shadow darkened the whole valley below.</p> -<p class="par">For a long time the people did not know it was there, -but when at last they found out that such a monster inhabited the -country, they were afraid to live in the valley, so that it was -deserted long before the Indians were removed from the country.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-THREE.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>The Snake Boy.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">There was a boy who used to go bird hunting every -day, and all the birds he brought home to give to his grandmother, who -was very fond of him. This made the rest of the family jealous, and -they treated him in such fashion that at last one day he told his -grandmother he would leave them all, but that she must not grieve for -him.</p> -<p class="par">Next morning he refused to eat any breakfast, but went -off hungry to the woods and was gone all day. In the evening he -returned, bringing with him a pair of deer horns, and went directly to -the hothouse (Asi), where his grandmother was waiting for him. He told -the old woman that he must be alone that night, so she got up and went -into the house where the others were.</p> -<p class="par">At early daybreak she came again to the hothouse and -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb167" href="#pb167" name= -"pb167">167</a>]</span>looked in, and there she saw an immense Uktena -that filled the Asi, with horns on its head, but still with two human -legs instead of a snake’s tail.</p> -<p class="par">It was all that was left of her boy. He spoke to her and -told her to leave him, and she went away again from the door. When the -sun was well up, the Uktena began slowly to crawl out, but it was full -noon before it was all out of the Asi. It made a terrible hissing noise -as it came out, and all the people ran from it.</p> -<p class="par">It crawled on thru the settlement, leaving a broad trail -in the ground behind it, until it came to a deep bend in the river, -where it plunged in and went under the water.</p> -<p class="par">The grandmother grieved much for the boy, until the -others of the family got angry and told her that she thought so much of -him that she ought to go and stay with him. So she left them and went -along the trail made by the Uktena to the river and walked directly -into the water and disappeared. Once after that a man fishing near the -place saw her sitting on a large rock in the river, looking just as she -had always looked, but as soon as she caught sight of him she jumped -into the water and was gone.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-FOUR.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>The Snake Man.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Two hunters, both for some reason under a tabu -against the meat of a squirrel or turkey, had gone into the woods -together. When evening came, they found a good camping place and -lighted a fire to prepare their <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb168" -href="#pb168" name="pb168">168</a>]</span>supper. One of them had -killed several squirrels during the day, and now got ready to broil -them over the fire.</p> -<p class="par">His companion warned him that if he broke the tabu and -ate squirrel meat he would become a snake, but the other laughed and -said that was only a conjurer’s story. He went on with the -preparation, and when the squirrels were roasted made his supper of -them and then lay down by the fire to sleep.</p> -<p class="par">Late that night his companion was aroused by groaning, -and on looking around he found the other lying on the ground rolling -and twisting in agony, and with the lower part of his body already -changed to the body and tail of a large watersnake. The man was still -able to speak and call loudly for help, but his companion could do -nothing, but only sit by and try to comfort him while he watched the -arms sink into his body and the skin take on a scaly change that -mounted gradually toward the neck, until at last even the head was a -serpent’s head and the great snake crawled away from the fire and -down the bank into the river, and was never seen again.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-FIVE.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>The Rattlesnake’s Revenge.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">One day in the olden times, when we could still -talk with other creatures, while some children were playing about the -house, their mother inside heard them scream. Running outside she found -that a rattlesnake had crawled from the grass, and taking up a stick -she killed it. The father was out hunting in the mountains, and that -evening when coming home after dark thru the gap, he heard <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb169" href="#pb169" name="pb169">169</a>]</span>a -strange wailing sound. Looking about he found that he had come into the -midst of a whole company of rattlesnakes, all of which had their mouths -open and seemed to be crying. He asked them the reason of their -trouble, and they told him that his own wife had that day killed their -chief, the Yellow Rattlesnake, and they were just now about to send the -Black Rattlesnake to take revenge.</p> -<p class="par">The hunter said he was very sorry, but they told him -that if he spoke the truth that he must be ready to make satisfaction -and give his wife as a sacrifice for the life of their chief. Not -knowing what might happen otherwise, he consented. They then told him -that the Black Rattlesnake would go home with him and coil up just -outside the door in the dark. He must go inside, where he would find -his wife awaiting him, and ask her to get him a fresh drink of water -from the spring. That was all. He went home and knew that the Black -Rattlesnake was following. It was night when he arrived and very dark, -but he found his wife waiting with his supper ready. He sat down and -asked for a drink of water. She handed him a gourd full from the jar, -but he said he wanted it fresh from the spring, so she took a bowl and -went out of the door. The next moment he heard a cry, and going out he -found that the Black Rattlesnake had bitten her and that she was -already dying.</p> -<p class="par">He stayed with her until she was dead, when the Black -Rattlesnake came out from the grass again and said his tribe was now -satisfied.</p> -<p class="par">He then taught the hunter a prayer song, and -said<span class="corr" id="xd23e6936" title="Source: .">,</span> -“When you meet any of us hereafter sing this song and we will not -hurt you; but if by accident one of us should bite one of your tribe, -then sing this song over him and he will recover.” And the -Cherokee have kept this song and sing it until this day. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb170" href="#pb170" name="pb170">170</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-SIX.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>The Nest of the Tlanuwas<span class="corr" id= -"xd23e6947" title="Not in source">.</span></i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">On the north bank of Little Tennessee river, in a -bend below the mouth of Citico creek, in Blount County, Tennessee, is a -high cliff hanging over the water, and about half way up the face of -the rock is a cave with two openings. The rock projects outward above -the cave, so that the mouth cannot be seen from above, and it seems -impossible to reach the cave either from above or below.</p> -<p class="par">There are white streaks in the rock from the cave down -to the water. The Cherokee call it Tlanuwai (the place of the Great -Mythic Hawk).</p> -<p class="par">In the old time, away back soon after the creation, a -pair of Tlanuwas had their nest in this cave. They were immense birds, -larger than any that live now, and very strong and savage.</p> -<p class="par">They were forever flying up and down the river, and used -to come into the settlements and carry off dogs and even young children -playing near the houses. No one could reach the nest to kill them, and -when the people tried to shoot them the arrows only glanced off and -were seized and carried away in the talons of the Tlanuwas.</p> -<p class="par">At last the people went to a great medicine man, who -promised to help them. Some were afraid that if he failed to kill the -Tlanuwas they would take revenge on the people, but the medicine man -said he could fix that. He made a long rope of linn bark, just as the -Cherokee still do, with loops in it for his feet, and had the people -let him down from the top of the cliff at a time when he knew that the -old birds were away.</p> -<p class="par">When he came opposite the mouth of the cave he still -could not reach it, because the rocks above hung over, <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb171" href="#pb171" name="pb171">171</a>]</span>so -he swung himself backward and forward several times until the rope -swung near enough for him to pull himself into the cave with a hooked -stick that he carried, which he managed to fasten in some bushes -growing at the entrance.</p> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="figure xd23e6964width" id="p171-1"><img src= -"images/p171-1.jpg" alt="A Cherokee Indian Ball Team." width="644" -height="485"> -<p class="figureHead">A Cherokee Indian Ball Team.</p> -<p class="par first">At Cherokee, N. C.</p> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="figure xd23e6971width" id="p171-2"><img src= -"images/p171-2.jpg" alt="The Pools, Chimney Rock." width="645" height= -"481"> -<p class="figureHead">The Pools, Chimney Rock.</p> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="q"> -<div class="body"> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Still the stream flows fresh forever,</p> -<p class="line">Never resting, night or day.”</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<p class="par">In the nest he found four young ones, and on the floor -of the cave were the bones of all sorts of animals and children that -had been carried there by the hawks. He pulled the young ones out of -the nest and threw them over the cliff into the deep water below, where -a great Uktena serpent that lived there finished them.</p> -<p class="par">Just then he saw the two old ones coming, and had hardly -time to climb up again to the top of the rock before they reached the -nest.</p> -<p class="par">When they found the nest empty they were furious, and -circled round and round in the air until they saw the snake put its -head from the water. Then they darted straight downward, and while one -seized the snake in his talons and flew far up in the sky with it, his -mate struck at it and bit off piece after piece until nothing was left. -They were so high up that when the pieces fell they made holes in the -rocks, which are still to be seen there, at the place which we call, -“Where the Tlanuwa cut it up,” opposite the mouth of -Citico. Then the two hawks circled up and up until they went out of -sight, and they have never been seen any more. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb172" href="#pb172" name="pb172">172</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-SEVEN.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>The Hunter and the Tlanuwa.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">A hunter out in the woods one day saw a Tlanuwa -overhead and tried to hide from it, but the great bird had already seen -him, and, sweeping down, struck its claws into his hunting pack, and -carried him far up into the air. As it flew, the Tlanuwa, which was a -mother-bird, spoke and told the hunter that he need not be afraid, as -she would not hurt him, but only wanted him to stay awhile with her -young ones to guard them until they were old enough to leave the -nest.</p> -<p class="par">At last they alighted at the mouth of a cave in the face -of a steep cliff. Inside, the water was dripping from the roof, and at -the farther end was a nest of sticks in which were two young birds.</p> -<p class="par">The old Tlanuwa set the hunter down and then flew away, -returning soon with a fresh-killed deer, which it tore to pieces, -giving the first piece to the hunter and then feeding the two young -hawks.</p> -<p class="par">The hunter stayed in the cave for many days until the -young birds were nearly grown, and every day the old mother bird would -fly away from the nest and return in the evening with a deer or a bear, -of which she always gave the first piece to the hunter. He grew very -anxious to see his home again, but the Tlanuwa kept telling him not to -be uneasy, but to wait a little while longer. At last he made up his -mind to escape from the cave and finally studied out the plan.</p> -<p class="par">The next morning, after the great hawk had gone, he -dragged one of the young birds to the mouth of the cave and tied -himself to one of its legs with a strap from his hunting pack. Then -with the flat side of the <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb173" href= -"#pb173" name="pb173">173</a>]</span>tomahawk he struck it several -times on the head until it was dazed and helpless, then pushed the bird -and himself together off the shelf of rock into the air. They fell far, -far down toward the earth, but the air from below held up the -bird’s wings, so that it was almost as if they were flying. As -the Tlanuwa revived it tried to fly upward toward the nest, but the -hunter struck it again with his hatchet until it was dazed and dropped -again.</p> -<p class="par">At last they came down in the top of a poplar tree, when -the hunter cut the strap from the leg of the bird and let it fly away, -first pulling out a feather from its wing. He climbed down from the -tree and went home to the settlement, but when he looked in his pack -for the feather, he found that he only had a stone, for the Great -Mythic Hawk had power to turn many objects into whatever it -pleased.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-EIGHT.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>Utlunta, the Spear Finger.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Long, long ago, there lived in the mountains a -terrible ogress, a woman monster, whose food was human livers. She -could take on any shape that she pleased, or that suited her purpose, -but in her right form she looked very much like an old woman, excepting -that her whole body was covered with a skin as hard as a rock, that no -weapon could wound or penetrate, and that on her right hand she had a -long, stony finger of bone, like an awl or spear-head, with which she -stabbed everyone to whom she could get near enough. On account of this -fact she <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb174" href="#pb174" name= -"pb174">174</a>]</span>was called Utlunta, “Spear Finger,” -and on account of her stony skin she was sometimes called Nunyunuwi, -“Stone-dress.”</p> -<p class="par">There was another stone-clothed monster that killed -people, but that is a different story.</p> -<p class="par">Spear-finger had such power over stone that she could -easily lift and carry immense rocks, and could cement them together by -merely striking one against another. To get over the rough country more -easily she undertook to build a great bridge through the air from -Nunyutlugunyi, the “Tree Rock,” on Hiwassee, over to -Sanigilagi (Whiteside Mountain, in Jackson County, North Carolina,) on -the Blue Ridge, and had it well started from the top of “Tree -rock” when the lightning struck it and scattered the fragments -along the whole ridge, where the pieces can still be seen by those who -go there.</p> -<p class="par">She used to range all over the mountains about the heads -of the streams and in the dark passes of Nantahala, always hungry and -looking for victims. Her favorite haunt on the Tennessee side of the -Great Smoky Mountains was about the gap on the trail where Chilhowee -Mountains come down to the river.</p> -<p class="par">Sometimes the old woman would approach along the trail -where the children were picking strawberries or playing near the -village, and would say to them coaxingly, “Come, my grand -children, come to your granny and let granny dress your hair.” -When some little girl ran up and laid her head in the old woman’s -lap to be petted and combed, the old witch would gently run her fingers -thru the child’s hair until it went to sleep, when she would stab -the little one thru the heart or back of the neck with the long awl -finger, which she had kept hidden under her robe. Then she would take -out the <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb175" href="#pb175" name= -"pb175">175</a>]</span>liver and eat it. She would enter the house by -taking the appearance of one of the family who happened to have gone -out for a short time, and would watch her chance to stab some one with -her long finger and take out his liver. She could stab him without -being noticed, and often the victim did not even know it himself at the -time—for it left no wound and caused no pain—but went on -about his own affairs, until all at once he felt weak and began to pine -away, and was always sure to die, because Spear-finger had taken his -liver.</p> -<p class="par">When the Cherokee went out in the fall, according to -their custom, to burn leaves off from the mountains in order to get the -chestnuts on the ground, they were never safe, for the old witch was -always on the lookout, and as soon as she saw the smoke rise she knew -there were Indians there and she would sneak up and try to surprise one -alone. So as well as they could they would try to keep together, and -were very cautious of allowing any stranger to approach the camp. But -if one went to the spring for a drink, they never knew but it might be -the liver-eater that came back and sat with them. At last a great -council was held to devise some means to get rid of the old witch -before she should destroy everybody. The people came from all around to -Nikwasi, (mound now near Franklin, N. C.) and after much talking it was -decided that the best way to secure her demise would be to trap her in -a pitfall where all the warriors could attack her at once. So they dug -a deep pitfall across the path and covered it over with earth and grass -as if the ground had never been disturbed. Then they kindled a large -fire of brush near the trail and hid themselves in the laurels, because -they knew that she would come as soon as she saw the smoke.</p> -<p class="par">Sure enough they soon saw an old woman coming along -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb176" href="#pb176" name= -"pb176">176</a>]</span>the trail. She looked very much like an old -woman that they knew in the village, and although several of the wiser -men wanted to shoot at her, the others interfered, because they did not -want to hurt one of their own people. The old woman came slowly along -the trail, with one hand under her blanket, until she stepped upon the -pitfall and tumbled through the brush top into the deep hole below. -Then, at once, she showed her true nature, and instead of the old -feeble woman there was the terrible Utlunta with her stony skin, and -her sharp awl finger reaching out in every direction for some one to -stab.</p> -<p class="par">The hunters rushed out from the thicket and surrounded -the pit, but shoot as true and as often as they could, the arrows -struck the stony mail of the witch only to be broken and fall useless -at her feet, while she taunted them and tried to climb out of the pit -to get at them. They kept out of her way, but were only wasting their -arrows when a small bird, Utsugi, the titmous, perched on a tree -overhead and began to sing, “un, un, un.” They thought it -was saying unqhu, heart, meaning that they should aim at the heart of -the stone witch. They directed their arrows where the heart should be, -but the arrows only glanced off with the flint heads broken.</p> -<p class="par">Then they caught the Utsugi and cut off its tongue, so -that ever since its tongue is short and everybody knows that it is a -liar.</p> -<p class="par">When the hunters let it go, it flew straight up into the -sky until it was out of sight, and it never came back any more, and the -titmouse that we know now is only an image of the other.</p> -<p class="par">They kept up the fight without result until another -bird, little Tsikilili, the chickadee, flew down from a <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb177" href="#pb177" name="pb177">177</a>]</span>tree -and alighted upon the witch’s right hand. The warriors took this -as a sign that they must aim there, and they were right, for her heart -was on the inside of her hand, which she kept doubled up into a fist, -this same awl-hand with which she had stabbed so many people. Now she -was frightened in earnest, and began to rush furiously at them with her -long awl finger, and to jump about in the pit to dodge the arrows, -until at last an arrow struck her just where the awl finger joined her -wrist and she fell down dead. Ever since then the Tsikilili is known as -a truth-teller, and when a man is away on a journey, if this bird comes -and perches near the house and chirps its song, his friends know that -he will soon reach his home in safety, and his friends will greet him -upon his arrival.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-NINE.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>Nunyunuwi<span class="corr" id="xd23e7055" title= -"Source: .">,</span> the Stone Man.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">This is what the old men used to tell us when we -were boys. Once when all the people of the settlement were out in the -mountains on a great hunt, one man who had gone ahead climbed to the -top of a high ridge and found a large river on the other side.</p> -<p class="par">While he was looking across he saw an old man walking -about on the opposite ridge, with a cane that seemed to be made of some -bright, shining rock. The hunter watched and saw that every little -while the old man would point his cane in a certain direction, then -draw it <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb178" href="#pb178" name= -"pb178">178</a>]</span>back and smell the end of it. At last he pointed -it in the direction of the hunter’s camp on the other side of the -mountain, and this time when he drew back the staff he sniffed it -several times as if it smelled very good, and then started along the -ridge straight for the camp. He moved very slowly, with the help of the -cane, until he reached the end of the ridge, when he threw the cane out -into the air and it became a bridge of shining rock stretching across -the river.</p> -<p class="par">After he had crossed over upon the bridge it became a -cane again and the old man picked it up and started over the mountain -toward the camp. The hunter was frightened, and felt sure that it meant -mischief, so he hurried on down the mountain and took the shortest -trail back to the camp to get there before the old man. When he got -there and told his story the medicine-man said the old man was a wicked -cannibal monster called Nunyunuwi, “Dressed in Stone,” who -lived in the Nantahala mountains, and was always going about thru the -forest looking for some hunter that he might kill and eat him.</p> -<p class="par">It was very hard to escape from him, because his cane -guided him as a dog, and it was nearly as hard to kill him, for his -body was entirely covered with a skin of solid rock. If he came he -would kill and eat them all, and there was only one way to save their -lives.</p> -<p class="par">He could not bear to look upon a woman, and if they -could bring to the path seven married women, that the sight of them -would kill him, and they would rid themselves of him. So they ran -swiftly and brought quickly as many women as they could find, and -placed them <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb179" href="#pb179" name= -"pb179">179</a>]</span>along the trail, and when the old man came, he -saw one woman standing near the trail and the very sight of her made -him sick and he cried out, “Yu, my grandchild, I hate the sight -of woman!” He hurried past her and in a moment he saw the second -woman standing as he had seen the other, and he cried out again, -“Yu! my child; I hate the tribe of women, and he hurried past -her, and he continued along the trail until he came to the seventh, and -by this time he had become so much enraged that he fell down almost -dead. Then the medicine-man drove seven sourwood switches through his -body and pinned him to the ground, and when night came they piled great -logs over him and set fire to them, and all the people gathered around -to see. Nunyunuwi was a great adawehi and knew many secrets, and now as -the fire came close to him he began to talk, and told them the medicine -for all kinds of sickness. At midnight he began to sing, and sang the -hunting songs for calling up the bear and deer and all the animals of -the woods and mountains.</p> -<p class="par">As the blaze grew hotter his voice sank lower and lower, -until at last when the daylight came, the logs were a heap of white -ashes and the voice was still. Then the medicine-man told them to rake -off the ashes, and where the body had lain they found only a large lump -of wadi paint and a magic Ulunsuti stone. He kept the stone for -himself, and calling the people around him he painted them on the face -and breast with the red wadi, and whatever each person prayed for while -the painting was being done, whether for hunting success, for working -skill, or for long life—that gift was his. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb180" href="#pb180" name="pb180">180</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>The Hunter and Dakwa.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">In the old days there was a great fish called the -Dakwa, which lived in the Tennessee river where Toco creek comes in at -Dakwai, the “Dakwa place,” above the mouth of Tellico, and -which was so large that it could easily swallow a man. Once a canoe -filled with warriors was crossing over from the town on the other side -of the river, when the Dakwa suddenly rose up under the boat and threw -them all into the air. As they came down it swallowed one with a single -snap of its jaws and dived with him to the bottom of the river.</p> -<p class="par">As soon as the hunter came to his senses he found that -he had not been hurt, but it was so hot and close inside the Dakwa that -he was nearly smothered. As he groped around in the dark his hand -struck a lot of mussel shells which the fish had swallowed, and taking -one of these for a knife he began to cut his way out, until soon the -fish grew uneasy at the scraping inside his stomach and came up to the -top of the water for air. He kept on cutting until the fish was in such -pain that it swam this way and that across the stream and thrashed the -water into foam with its tail. Finally the hole was so large that he -could look out, and found that the fish was resting in shallow water -near the shore. The Dakwa soon became so sick from the wound that it -vomited the hunter out of its mouth, and he with the others made their -escape to Tellico, but the juices in the stomach of the fish made the -hair fall from the head of the hunter so that he was bald ever after -that. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb181" href="#pb181" name= -"pb181">181</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-ONE.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>Atagahi, The Enchanted Lake.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">(This is the scene of the myth upon which the -story of Occoneechee is founded.)</p> -<p class="par">Westward from the headwaters of Oconaluftee river, in -the wildest depths of the Great Smoky Mountains, which form the line -between North Carolina and Tennessee, is the enchanted lake of Atagahi, -“Gall place.”</p> -<p class="par">Although all of the Cherokee know that it is there, no -one has ever seen it, for the way is so difficult that only the animals -know how to reach it. Should a stray hunter come near the place he -would know of it by the whirring sound of the wings of thousands of -wild ducks and pigeons flying about the lake, but on reaching the spot -he would find only a dry flat, without bird or animal or blade of -grass, unless he had first sharpened his spiritual vision by prayer and -fasting and an all-night vigil.</p> -<p class="par">Because the lake is not seen, some people think that the -lake is dried up long ago, but this is not true. To one that had kept -watch and fasted all the night it would appear at daybreak as a -wide-extending, but shallow sheet of pure water, fed by springs -spouting from the high cliffs around. In the water are all kinds of -fish and reptiles, and swimming upon the surface or flying overhead are -great flocks of ducks and pigeons, while all about the shore are bear -tracks crossing in every direction. It is the medicine lake of the -birds and animals, and whenever a bear is wounded by the hunter he -makes his way thru the woods to this lake and plunges into the -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb182" href="#pb182" name= -"pb182">182</a>]</span>water, and when he comes out upon the other side -his wounds are healed, and for this reason the animals keep the lake -invisible to the hunter.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-TWO.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>The Bride from the South.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">The North went traveling, and after going far and -meeting many different tribes he finally fell in love with the daughter -of the South and wanted to marry her. The girl was willing, but her -parents objected and said, “Ever since you came the weather has -been cold, and if you stay here we will all freeze to death.” The -North pleaded hard, and said if they would let him have their daughter, -he would take her back to his own country, so at last they -consented.</p> -<p class="par">They were married and he took his bride back to his own -country, and when they arrived there she found the people all living in -ice houses. The next day, when the sun rose, the houses began to leak, -and as it climbed higher the houses began to melt, and it grew warmer -and warmer, until finally the people came to the young husband and told -him he must send his wife home again, or the weather would get so warm -that the whole settlement would be melted. He loved his wife and so -held out as long as he could, but as the sun grew hotter the people -were more urgent, and at last he had to send her home to her parents, -but they agreed that she might return once a year for a short season, -but that she should <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb183" href="#pb183" -name="pb183">183</a>]</span>never come to live in the North again, for -as she was reared in the South, that her whole nature was warm and that -she was unfit to dwell in the North.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-THREE.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>The Ice Man.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Once when the people were burning the woods in the -fall, and the blaze set fire to a poplar tree, which continued to burn -until the fire went down into the roots and burned a great hole in the -ground. It burned, and burned, and the hole grew constantly larger, -until the people became frightened and were afraid that it would burn -the whole world. They tried to put out the fire, but it had gone too -deep, and they did not know what to do. At last some one said there was -a man living in a house of ice far in the north who could put out the -fire, so messengers were sent, and after traveling a long distance they -came to the ice house and found the Ice Man at home. He was a little -fellow with long hair hanging down to the ground in two plaits. The -messengers told him their errand and he at once said, “O yes, I -can help you,” and began to unplait his hair.</p> -<p class="par">When it was once all unbraided he took it up in one hand -and struck it once across the other hand, and the messengers felt the -wind blow against their cheeks. A second time he struck his hair across -his hand, and a light rain began to fall. The third time he struck his -hair across his open hand there was sleet mixed with <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb184" href="#pb184" name="pb184">184</a>]</span>the -rain drops, and when he struck the fourth time great hailstones fell -upon the ground, as if they had come out from the ends of the hair. -“Go back now,” said the Ice Man, “and I shall be -there tomorrow.”</p> -<p class="par">So the messengers returned to their people, whom they -found still gathered helplessly about the great burning pit. The next -day while they were all gathered about the fire, there came a wind from -the north, and they were afraid, for they knew that it came from the -Ice Man. But the wind only made the fire blaze higher. The light rain -began to fall, but the drops seemed only to make the fire hotter. Then -the shower turned to a heavy rain, with sleet and hail that killed the -blaze and made clouds of smoke and steam rise from the red coals. The -people fled to their homes for shelter, and the storm rose to a -whirlwind that drove the rain into every burning crevice and piled -great hailstones over the embers, until the fire was dead and even the -smoke ceased. When at last it was all over, and the people returned, -they found a lake where the burning pit had been, and from below the -water came a sound as of embers still crackling.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-FOUR.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>The Hunter and Selu.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">A hunter had been tramping over the mountains all -day long without finding any game, and when the sun went down, he built -a fire in a hollow stump, swallowed a few mouthfuls of corn gruel and -lay down to sleep, tired out and completely discouraged. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb185" href="#pb185" name="pb185">185</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">About the middle of the night he dreamed and seemed to -hear the sound of beautiful singing, which continued until near -daybreak, and then appeared to die away in the upper air.</p> -<p class="par">All the next day he hunted, with the same poor success, -and at night made his lonely camp in the woods. He slept, and the same -strange dream came again, but so vividly that it seemed to him like an -actual happening. Rousing himself before daylight, he still heard the -same song, and feeling sure now that it was real, he went in the -direction of the sound and found that it came from a single green stalk -of corn (selu).</p> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="figure xd23e7142width" id="p185-1"><img src= -"images/p185-1.jpg" alt="French Broad River." width="647" height="486"> -<p class="figureHead">French Broad River.</p> -<p class="par first">Tahkeyostee, in the Mellow Indian Tongue.</p> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="figure xd23e7149width" id="p185-2"><img src= -"images/p185-2.jpg" alt="Broad River." width="650" height="485"> -<p class="figureHead">Broad River.</p> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="q"> -<div class="body"> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Sparkling, gleaming in the sunlight,</p> -<p class="line">Bursts the water, pure and free.”</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<p class="par">The plant spoke to him, and told him to cut off some of -its roots and take them to his home in the settlement, and the next -morning to chew them and “go to water” before anyone else -was awake, and then to go out again into the woods, and he would kill -many deer, and from that time on would always be successful in the -hunt.</p> -<p class="par">The corn plant continued to talk, teaching him hunting -secrets and telling him to be always generous with the game he took, -until it was noon and the sun was high, when it suddenly took the form -of a woman and rose gracefully into the air and was gone from sight, -leaving the hunter alone in the woods. He returned home and told his -story, and all the people knew that he had seen Selu, the wife of -Kanati. He did as the spirit had directed, and from that time was noted -as the most successful of all the hunters in the settlement. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb186" href="#pb186" name= -"pb186">186</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-FIVE.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>The Nunnehi and Other Spirit Folks.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">The Nunnehi or Immortals, the “People who -live everywhere,” were a race of spirit people who lived in the -highlands of the old Cherokee country and had a great many town-houses, -and especially on the tops of the bald mountains, the high peaks where -no timber grows.</p> -<p class="par">They had large town-houses on Pilot Knob, and in -Nik-Wasi mound, in what is now Macon County, North Carolina, and -another in Blood Mountain, and at the head of Nottely river in Georgia. -They were invisible excepting when they wanted to be seen, and they -looked and spoke just like other Indians. They were very fond of music -and dancing, and hunters in the mountains would often hear the dance -songs and the drum-beating in some invisible town-house, but when they -went toward the sound it would shift about and they would hear it -behind them or away in some other direction, so that they could never -find the place where the dance was.</p> -<p class="par">They were a friendly people, too, and often brought lost -wanderers to their town-houses under the mountains, and cared for them -there until they were rested, and guided them back to their homes. -There was a man who lived in Nottely town who had been with the -Nunnehi, when he was a boy about twelve years old, and this is the -story he tells.</p> -<p class="par">One day, when he was playing near the river, shooting at -a mark with his bow and arrows, until he became tired, and started to -build a fish-trap in the water<span class="corr" id="xd23e7181" title= -"Not in source">.</span> While he was piling up the rocks in two long -walls, a man came and stood on the bank and asked him what he was -doing. The man said, “Well, that is pretty hard <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb187" href="#pb187" name= -"pb187">187</a>]</span>work, and you ought to come and rest awhile; -come and take a walk up the river.”</p> -<p class="par">The boy said, “No”; that he was going home -to dinner soon. “Come right up to my house,” said the -stranger, “and I’ll give you a good dinner there, and will -bring you home again in the morning.”</p> -<p class="par">So the boy went with him up the river until they came to -a house, when they went in, and the man’s wife and the other -people there were very glad to see him, and gave him a fine dinner, and -were very kind to him.</p> -<p class="par">While they were eating, another boy that the boy knew -very well came in and spoke to him, so that he felt very much at -home.</p> -<p class="par">After dinner he played with the other children, and -slept there that night, and in the morning, after breakfast, the man -got ready to take him home. They went down a path that had a cornfield -on one side and a peach orchard on the other, until they came to -another trail, and the man said, “Go along this trail across that -ridge and you will come to the river road that will bring you straight -to your home, and now I’ll go back to the house.”</p> -<p class="par">So the man went back to the house, and the boy went on -along the trail, but when he had gone a little distance he looked back, -and there was no cornfield or orchard or fence or house; nothing but -trees on the mountainside. He thought it rather queer, but somehow he -was not frightened, and went on until he came to the river trail in -sight of his house. There were a great many people standing about -talking, and when they saw him they ran toward him shouting, -“Here he is! He is not drowned or killed in the mountains!” -They told him that they had been hunting him ever since yesterday noon, -and asked him where he had been. He told them the story of what had -happened, and they said there is <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb188" -href="#pb188" name="pb188">188</a>]</span>no house there, and it was -the Nunnehi that had you with them.</p> -<p class="par">Once four Nunnehi women came to dance at Nottely town, -and danced half of the night with the young men there, and nobody knew -that they were Nunnehi, but thought them visitors from another -settlement. About midnight they left to go home, and some men who had -come out from the town-house to cool off watched to see which way they -went. They saw the women go down the trail to the river ford, but just -as they came to the water they disappeared, although it was a plain -trail, with no place where they could hide. Then the watchers knew that -they were Nunnehi. At another time a man was crossing over from Nottely -to Hemptown, in Georgia, and heard a drum and the songs of dancers in -the hills on one side of the trail. He rode to see who could be dancing -in such a place, but when he reached the spot the drum and the songs -were behind him, and he was so frightened that he hurried back to the -trail and rode all the way to Hemptown as hard as he could to tell the -story. He was a truthful man and they believed him.</p> -<p class="par">A long time ago a man got lost in the mountains near the -head of Oconaluftee river, and it was very cold and his friends thought -that he must be frozen to death, but he was taken to a cave by the -Nunnehi and given something to eat, and when the weather was more -pleasant they conducted him to the main trail and sent him on home to -the neighbors in the valley below. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb189" -href="#pb189" name="pb189">189</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-FIVE.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>The Removed Town-house.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Long ago, before the Cherokee were driven from -their homes in 1838, the people on Valley river and Hiwassee heard -voices of invisible spirits calling them from the skies, and warning -them of wars and misfortunes which the future held in store, and -inviting them to come and live with the Nunnehi, the Immortals, in -their homes under the mountains and under the waters. For days the -voice hung in the air, and the people listened until they heard the -voice say, “If you would live with us, gather every one in your -town-house and fast there seven days, and no one must raise a shout or -a warwhoop in all that time. Do this and we will come and you shall see -us and we shall take you to live with us.”</p> -<p class="par">The people were afraid of the evils that were to come, -and they knew that the Immortals of the mountains and of the waters -were happy forever, so they counciled in their town-house and decided -to go with them. Those of Anisgayayitown came all together into their -town-house and prayed and fasted for six days. On the seventh day there -was a sound from the distant mountains, and it came nearer and grew -louder until a roar of thunder was all about the town-house and they -felt the ground shake all around them. Now they were frightened, and -despite the warning some of them screamed out.</p> -<p class="par">The Nunnehi, who had already lifted up the town-house -with its mound to carry it away, were startled by the sound and let a -part of it fall to the ground, where we now see the mound Setsi.</p> -<p class="par">They steadied themselves again and bore the rest of the -town-house, with all the people in it, to the top of <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb190" href="#pb190" name= -"pb190">190</a>]</span>Tsudayelunyi, near the head of Cheowa, where we -can still see it, changed long ago to solid rock, but the people are -invisible and immortal.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-SIX.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>The Spirit Defenders of Nikwasi.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Long ago a powerful unknown tribe invaded the -country from the southeast, killing people and destroying settlements -wherever they went. No leader could stand against them, and in a little -while they had wasted all the lower settlements and advanced into the -mountains. The warriors of the old town of Nikwasi, on the head of -Little Tennessee, gathered their wives and their children into the -town-house and kept scouts constantly on the lookout for the presence -of danger.</p> -<p class="par">One morning, just before the break of day, the spies saw -the enemy approaching and at once gave the alarm. The Nikwasi men -seized their arms and rushed out to meet the attack, but after a long, -hard fight they found themselves overpowered and began to retreat, when -suddenly a stranger stood among them and shouted to the chief to call -off his men and he himself would drive the enemy back. From the dress -and the language of the stranger the Nikwasi people thought him a chief -who had come with reinforcements from Overhill settlements in -Tennessee. They fell back along the trail, and as they came near the -town-house they saw a great company of warriors coming out from the -side of the mound as from an open doorway. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb191" href="#pb191" name="pb191">191</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Then they knew that their friends were the Nunnehi, the -Immortals, although no one had ever heard that they lived under Nikwasi -mound. The Nunnehi poured out by hundreds, armed and painted for the -fight, and the most curious part of it all was that they became -invisible as soon as they were fairly outside of the settlement, so -that although the enemy saw the glancing arrow or the rushing tomahawk, -and felt the stroke, he could not see who sent it.</p> -<p class="par">Before such an invisible foe the invaders had to -retreat, going first south along the ridge to where joins the main -ridge, which separates Tah-kee-os-tee (French Broad) from the -Tuckaseigee, and then turning with it to the northeast. As they -retreated they tried to shield themselves behind rocks and trees, but -the Nunnehi arrows went around them and killed them from the other -side, and they could find no hiding place.</p> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="figure xd23e7237width" id="p191-1"><img src= -"images/p191-1.jpg" alt="From the Toxaway." width="645" height="481"> -<p class="figureHead">From the Toxaway.</p> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="q"> -<div class="body"> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Lies the famous vale of flowers,</p> -<p class="line">Splendid valley of pink beds.”</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="figure xd23e7251width" id="p191-2"><img src= -"images/p191-2.jpg" alt="Chimney Top Gap." width="649" height="489"> -<p class="figureHead">Chimney Top Gap.</p> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<p class="par">All along the ridge they fell, until when they reached -the head of Tuckaseigee not more than half a dozen were left alive, and -in their despair they sat down and cried out for mercy. The Nunnehi -chief told them that they deserved their punishment for attacking a -peaceful tribe, and he spared their lives and told them to go home and -tell their people. It was the custom of the Indians to spare some to -carry the news of battle and defeat. Then the Nunnehi went back to the -mound, and have been there ever since.</p> -<p class="par">They are there now, for when a strong army of Federal -troops came to surprise a handful of Confederates in the last war, they -saw so many soldiers guarding the town that they were afraid and went -away without making an attack. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb192" -href="#pb192" name="pb192">192</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-SEVEN.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>Kanasta, the Lost Settlement.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Long ago, while the people still lived in the old -town of Kanasta, on <span class="corr" id="xd23e7268" title= -"Source: Toh-kee-os-tee">Tah-kee-os-tee</span>, (French Broad) two -strangers, who looked in no way different from the other Cherokee, came -into the settlement one day and made their way into the chief’s -house.</p> -<p class="par">After the first greetings were over, the chief asked -them from what town they came, thinking they were from one of the -western settlements, but they said, “We are of your people and -our town is close at hand, but you have never seen it. Here you have -wars and sickness, with enemies on every side, and after awhile a -stronger enemy will come and take your country from you. We are always -happy, and we have come to invite you to live with us in our town over -there,” and they pointed toward Tsuwatelda (Pilot Knob). -<span class="corr" id="xd23e7273" title= -"Not in source">“</span>We do not live forever, and do not always -find game when we go for it, for game belongs to Tsulkalu, who lives in -Tsunegunyi, but we have peace always and do not think of danger. We go -now, but if your people will live with us, let them fast seven days and -we will come then and take them.”</p> -<p class="par">Then they went away toward the west. The chief called -the people together into the town-house, and they held a council over -the matter and decided at last to go with the strangers. They got all -of their property ready for moving, and then went again into the -town-house and began their fast. They fasted six days and on the -morning of the seventh, before yet the sun was high, they saw a great -company coming along the trail from the west, led by the two men who -had stopped <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb193" href="#pb193" name= -"pb193">193</a>]</span>with the chief. They seemed just like Cherokee -from another settlement, and after a friendly meeting they took up a -part of the goods to be carried, and the two parties started back -together for Tsuwatelda.</p> -<p class="par">There was one man visiting at Kanasta, and he went along -with them. When they came to the mountain the two guides led the way -into a cave, which opened out like a great door in the side of the -rock. Inside they found an open country and a town, with houses ranged -in two long rows from east to west. The mountain people lived in the -houses on the south side, and they had made ready the other houses for -the newcomers, but even after the people of Kanasta, with their -children and their belongings, had moved in, there were still a large -number of houses waiting ready for the next who might come. The -mountain people told them that there was another town of a different -people, above them in another mountain, and still farther above, at the -very top, lived the Ani-Hyuntikwalaski (the Thunders).</p> -<p class="par">Now all the people of Kanasta were settled in their new -homes, but the man who had only been visiting with them wanted to go -back to his own friends. Some of the mountain people wanted to prevent -this, but the chief said, “No, let him go if he will, and when he -tells his friends they may want to come, too. There is plenty of room -for all.” Then he said to the man, “Go back and tell your -friends that if they want to come and live with us and always be happy, -there is a place here ready and waiting for them. Others of us live in -Datsunalasgunyi and in the high mountains all around, and if they would -rather go to any of them, it will be all the same. We see you wherever -you go, and are with you in all of your dances, but you cannot see us -unless you fast. If you want to see us, fast four days, and we will -come <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb194" href="#pb194" name= -"pb194">194</a>]</span>and talk with you; and then if you want to live -with us, fast again seven days, and we will come and take you.” -Then the chief led the man through the cave to the outside of the -mountain and left him there, but when the man looked back he saw no -cave, but only the solid rock. The people of the Lost Settlement were -never seen again and they are still living in Tauwatelda. Strange -things happen there, so that the Cherokee know that the mountain is -haunted and do not like to go near it. Only a few years ago a party of -hunters camped there, and as they sat around their fire at supper time -they talked of the story and made rough jokes of the people of old -Kanasta. That night they were aroused from sleep by a noise as of -stones thrown at them from among the trees, but when they searched they -could find nobody, and were so frightened that they gathered up their -guns and pouches and left the place.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-EIGHT.</h3> -<h3 class="main"><i>Hemp-Carrier.</i></h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">On the southern slope of the ridge, along the -trail from Robbinsville to Valley river, in Cherokee County, North -Carolina, are the remains of a number of stone cairns. The piles are -level now, but fifty years ago the stones were still heaped up in -pyramids, to which every Cherokee who passed added a stone. According -to the tradition these piles marked the graves of a number of women and -children of the tribe who were surprised and killed on the spot by a -raiding party of Iroquois shortly before <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb195" href="#pb195" name="pb195">195</a>]</span>the final peace -between the two nations. As soon as the news was brought to the -settlement on Hiwassee and Cheowa, a party was made under -Taletanigiski, “Hemp-Carrier,” to follow and take vengeance -on the enemy.</p> -<p class="par">Among others of the party was the father of the noted -chief, Tsunulahunski, or Junaluska, who (Junaluska) died in about the -year 1855, who was also the chief and hero of the battle of Horseshoe -Bend. For days they followed the trail of the Iroquois across the Great -Smoky Mountains, thru forests and over rivers, until finally they -tracked them to their very town in the far Seneca country.</p> -<p class="par">On the way they met another war party headed for the -south, and the Cherokee killed them all and took their scalps.</p> -<p class="par">When they came near the Seneca town it was almost night, -and they heard shouts in the town-house, where the women were dancing -over the fresh scalps of the Cherokee. The avengers hid themselves near -the spring, and as the dancers came down to drink, the Cherokee -silently killed one and another until they had counted as many scalps -as had been taken on Cheowa, and still the dancers in the town-house -never thought that enemies were near. Then said the Cherokee leader, -“We have covered the scalps of our women and children. Shall we -go home now like cowards, or shall we raise the warwhoop and let the -Seneca know that we are men?” “Let them come if they -will,” said the men, and they raised the scalp yell of the -Cherokees.</p> -<p class="par">At once there was an answering shout from the -town-house, and the dance came to a sudden close. The Seneca swarmed -out with ready gun and hatchet, but the nimble Cherokee were off and -away. There was a hot pursuit in the darkness, but the Cherokee knew -the trails <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb196" href="#pb196" name= -"pb196">196</a>]</span>and were light and active runners, and managed -to get away with the loss of only one man. The rest got home safely, -and the people were so well pleased with Hemp-Carrier’s bravery -and success that they gave him seven wives. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb197" href="#pb197" name="pb197">197</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div id="pt4" class="div0 part"> -<h2 class="label">PART IV</h2> -<h2 class="main">GLOSSARY OF CHEROKEE WORDS</h2> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb199" href="#pb199" name= -"pb199">199</a>]</span></p> -<div class="div1 glossary"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h2 class="main">GLOSSARY OF CHEROKEE WORDS.</h2> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">The Cherokee language has the continental vowel -sounds a, e, i, and u, but lacks o, which is replaced by a deep a. The -obscure or short u is frequently nasalized, but the nasal sound is -seldom heard at the end of a word. The only labial is m, which occurs -in probably not more than half a dozen words in the Upper and Middle -dialects, and is entirely absent from the Lower dialect, in which w -takes its place. The characteristic l of the Upper and Middle dialects -becomes r in the Lower, but no dialect has both sounds of these -letters, but g and d are medials, approximating the sounds of k and t -respectively. A frequent double consonant is ts, commonly rendered ch -by the old traders.</p> -<div class="table"> -<table> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft cellTop">a</td> -<td class="cellRight cellTop">as in far.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">ă</td> -<td class="cellRight">as in what, or obscure as in showman.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">à</td> -<td class="cellRight">as in law, all.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">d</td> -<td class="cellRight">medial (semisonant), approximating t.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">e</td> -<td class="cellRight">as in they.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">ĕ</td> -<td class="cellRight">as in net.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">g</td> -<td class="cellRight">medial (semisonant), approximating k.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">h</td> -<td class="cellRight">as in hat.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">i</td> -<td class="cellRight">as in pique.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">ĭ</td> -<td class="cellRight">as in pick.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">k</td> -<td class="cellRight">as in kick.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">l</td> -<td class="cellRight">as in lull.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">ʻl</td> -<td class="cellRight">surd l (sometimes written hl), nearly the Welsh -ll.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">m</td> -<td class="cellRight">as in man.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">n</td> -<td class="cellRight">as in not.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">r</td> -<td class="cellRight">takes place of 1 in Lower dialect.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">s</td> -<td class="cellRight">as in sin.<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb200" -href="#pb200" name="pb200">200</a>]</span></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">t</td> -<td class="cellRight">as in top.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">u</td> -<td class="cellRight">as in rule.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft"><span class="corr" id="xd23e7418" title= -"Source: u">û</span></td> -<td class="cellRight">as in cut.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">ûñ</td> -<td class="cellRight">û nasalized.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">w</td> -<td class="cellRight">as in wit.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">y</td> -<td class="cellRight">as in you.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft cellBottom">′</td> -<td class="cellRight cellBottom">a slight aspirate, sometimes -indicating the omission of a vowel.</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<p class="par">A number of English words, with cross references, have -been introduced into the glossary.</p> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="figure xd23e7448width" id="p197"><img src="images/p197.jpg" -alt="Chimney Rock." width="464" height="720"> -<p class="figureHead">Chimney Rock.</p> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="q"> -<div class="body"> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Like a monolith it rises</p> -<p class="line">To a grand majestic height.”</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<p class="par">adaʻlanunʻsti—a staff or cane.</p> -<p class="par">adanʻta—soul.</p> -<p class="par">adaʻwehi—a magician or supernatural -being.</p> -<p class="par">adaʻwehiʻyu—a very great magician; -intensive form of adaʻwehi.</p> -<p class="par">aʻgana—groundhog.</p> -<p class="par"> -Aʻganstaʻta—“groundhog-sausage,” from -aʻgana, ground-hog, and tsistaʻu, “I am pounding -it,” understood to refer to pounding meat, etc., in a mortar, -after having first crisped it before the fire. A war chief, noted in -the Cherokee war of 1760, and prominent until about the close of the -Revolution, known to the whites as Oconostota. Also the Cherokee name -for Colonel Gideon Morgan of the war of 1812, for Washington Morgan, -his son, of the Civil war, and now for a full-blood upon the -reservation, known to the whites as Morgan Calhoun.</p> -<p class="par">Aʻgan-uniʻtsi—“Ground-hog’s -mother,” from aʻgana and uniʻtsi, their mother, plural -of utsiʻ, his mother (etsiʻ, agitsiʻ, my mother). The -Cherokee name of the Shawano captive, who, according to tradition, -killed the great Uktena serpent and procured the Ulunsuʻti. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb201" href="#pb201" name= -"pb201">201</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Agaweʻla—“Old Woman,” a -formulistic name for corn or the spirit corn.</p> -<p class="par">agayunʻli—for agayunlige, old, ancient.</p> -<p class="par">agidaʻta—see edaʻta.</p> -<p class="par">agidutu—see eduʻtu.</p> -<p class="par">Agi′li—“He is rising,” possibly -a contraction of an old personal name. Aginʻ-agi′li, -“Rising-fawn.” Major George Lawrey, cousin of Sequoya, and -assistant chief of the Cherokee Nation about 1840. Stanley incorrectly -makes it “Keeth-la, or Dog” for gi′liʻ.</p> -<p class="par">aginʻsi—see eniʻsi.</p> -<p class="par">agiʻsi—female, applied usually to -quadrupeds.</p> -<p class="par">Agisʻ-eʻgwa—“Great Female,” -possibly “Great Doe.” A being, probably an animal god -invoked in the sacred formulas.</p> -<p class="par">agitsiʻ—see etsiʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Agitsta′tiʻyi—“where they stayed -up all night,” from tsigitsunʻtihu, “I stay up all -night.” A place in the Great Smoky range about the head of Noland -creek, in Swain County, N. C.</p> -<p class="par">Aguaquiri—see Guaquili.</p> -<p class="par">Ahaluʻna—“Ambush,” -Ahalununʻyi, “Ambush place,” or Uniʻhaluʻna, -“where they ambushed,” from akaluʻga, “I am -watching.” Soco gap, at the head of Soco creek, on the line -between Swain and Haywood counties, N. C. The name is also applied to -the lookout station for deer hunters.</p> -<p class="par">ahanuʻlahi—“he is bearded,” from -ahanuʻlahu, a beard.</p> -<p class="par">Ahuʻludeʻgi—“He throws away the -drum” (habitual), from ahuʻli, drum, and akwadeʻgu, -“I am throwing it away” (round object). The Cherokee name -of John Jolly, a noted chief and adopted father of Samuel Houston, -about 1800. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb202" href="#pb202" name= -"pb202">202</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">ahyeliʻski—a mocker or mimic.</p> -<p class="par">aktaʻ—eye; plural, diktaʻ.</p> -<p class="par">aktaʻti—a telescope or field glass. The name -denotes something with which to examine or look into closely, from -aktaʻ, eye.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="corr" id="xd23e7514" title= -"Source: akwandu’li">akwanduʻli</span>—a song form for -akwiduʻli (-hu,) “I want it.”</p> -<p class="par">Akwan′ki—see Anakwanʻki.</p> -<p class="par">Akwe′tiʻyi—a location on Tuckasegee -river, in Jackson county, North Carolina; the meaning of the name is -lost.</p> -<p class="par">Alarka—see Yalagi.</p> -<p class="par">aligaʻ—the red-horse fish (<i lang= -"la">Moxostoma</i>).</p> -<p class="par">Alkiniʻ—the last woman known to be of Natchez -decent and peculiarity among the East Cherokee; died about 1890. The -name has no apparent meaning.</p> -<p class="par">amaʻ—water; in the Lower dialect, awaʻ; -cf. aʻma salt.</p> -<p class="par">amayeʻhi—“dwelling in the water,” -from amaʻ (amaʻyi, “in the water”) and ehuʻ, -“I dwell,” “I live.”</p> -<p class="par">Amaye′l-eʻgwa—“Great -island,” from amaye′li, island (from amaʻ, water, and -aye′li, “in the middle”) and eʻgwa, great. A -former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river, at Big island, a -short distance below the mouth of Tellico, in Monroe county, Tenn. -Timberlake writes it Mialaquo, while Bartram spells it Nilaque. Not to -be confounded with Long-Island town below Chattanooga.</p> -<p class="par"> -Amaye′li-gunahiʻta—“Long-island,” from -amaye′li, island, and gunahiʻta, long. A former Cherokee -settlement, known to the whites as Long-Island town, at the Long-island -in Tennessee river, on the Tennessee-Georgia line. It was one of the -Chickamauga towns (see Tsikamaʻgi). <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb203" href="#pb203" name="pb203">203</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">amaʻyineʻhi—“dwellers in the -water,” plural of amayeʻhi.</p> -<p class="par">Anadaʻduntaski—“roasters,” i. e., -cannibals; from gunʻtaskuʻ. “I am putting it (round) -into the fire to roast.” The regular word for cannibals is -Yunʻwiniʻgiski, q. v.</p> -<p class="par">anagahunʻunskuʻ—the green-corn dance; -literally, “they are having a green-corn dance”; the -popular name is not a translation of the Cherokee word, which has no -reference either to corn or dancing.</p> -<p class="par">Anakwan′ki—the Delaware Indians; singular -Akwan′ki, a Cherokee attempt at Wapanaqki, -“Easterners,” the Algonquian name by which, in various -corrupted forms, the Delawares are commonly known to the western -tribes.</p> -<p class="par">Anantooeah—see AniʻNunʻdaweʻgi.</p> -<p class="par">a′neʻtsa, or <span class="corr" id= -"xd23e7552" title= -"Source: a′netsaʻgi">anetsaʻgi</span>—the -ball-play.</p> -<p class="par">a′netsaʻunski—a ball-player; literally, -“a lover of the ball-play.”</p> -<p class="par">aniʻ—a tribal and animate prefix.</p> -<p class="par">aniʻdaʻwehi—plural of adaʻwehi.</p> -<p class="par">aʻnigantiʻski—see dagan′tu.</p> -<p class="par">AniʻGatageʻwi—one of the seven Cherokee -clans. The name has now no meaning, but has been absurdly rendered -“Blind savana,” from an incorrect idea that it is derived -from Igaʻti, a swamp or savanna, and digeʻwi, blind.</p> -<p class="par">Ani-Gilaʻhi—“Long-haired people,” -one of the seven Cherokee clans; singular, Agilaʻhi. The word -comes from agilaʻhi (perhaps connected with afi′lge-ni, -“the back of (his) neck”), an archaic term denoting wearing -the hair long or flowing loosely, and usually recognized as applying -more particularly to a woman. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb204" -href="#pb204" name="pb204">204</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Aniʻ-Giliʻ—a problematic tribe, possibly -the Congaree. The name is not connected with giʻliʻ, dog.</p> -<p class="par">Aniʻ-Gusa—see AniʻKuʻsa.</p> -<p class="par">aʻnigwa—soon after; dineʻtlana -aʻnigwa, “soon after the creation.”</p> -<p class="par">Aniʻ-Hyunʻtikwalaʻski—“The -Thunders,” i. e., thunder, which in Cherokee belief, is -controlled and caused by a family of supernaturals. The word has -reference to making a rolling sound; cf. tikwaleʻlu, a wheel, -hence a wagon; amaʻ-tikwalelunyi, “rolling water -place,” applied to a cascade where the water falls along the -surface of the rock; ahyunʻtikwalaʻstihuʻ, “it is -thundering,” applied to the roar of a railroad train or -waterfall.</p> -<p class="par">Aniʻ-Kawiʻ—“Deer people,” -one of the seven Cherokee clans; the regular form for deer is -a′wiʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Aniʻ-Kawiʻta—the Lower Creeks, from -Kawiʻta or Coweta, their former principal town on Chattahoochee -river near the present Columbus, Ga.; the Upper Creeks on the head -streams of Alabama river were distinguished as Aniʻ-Kuʻsa (q. -v.) A small creek of Little Tennessee river above Franklin, in Macon -county, N. C., is now known as Coweeta creek.</p> -<p class="par">Aniʻ-Kituʻhwagi—“Kituʻhwa -people,” from Kituʻhwa (q. v.), an ancient Cherokee -settlement.</p> -<p class="par">Aniʻ-Kuʻsa or Aniʻ-Guʻsa—the -Creek Indians, particularly the Upper Creeks on the waters of Alabama -river; singular AʻKuʻsa or Coosa (Spanish, Coca, Cossa) their -principal ancient town.</p> -<p class="par">Aniʻ-Kutaʻni (also Aniʻ-Kwataʻni, or -incorrectly, Nicotani)—traditional Cherokee priestly society or -clan exterminated in a popular uprising. <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb205" href="#pb205" name="pb205">205</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">aninaʻhilidahi—“creatures that fly -about,” from tsinaiʻli, “I am flying,<span class= -"corr" id="xd23e7591" title="Source: ’”">”</span> -tsinaʻilidaʻhu, “I am flying about.” The generic -term for birds and flying insects.</p> -<p class="par">Aniʻ-Na′tsi—abbreviated Anintsi, -singular A-Na′tsi. The Natchez Indians. From coincidence with -naʻtsi, pine, the name has been incorrectly rendered “Pine -Indians,” whereas it is really a Cherokee plural name of the -Natchez.</p> -<p class="par">Aninʻtsi—see AniʻNa′tsi.</p> -<p class="par">AniʻNundaweʻgi—singular, -Nunʻdaweʻgi; the Iroquois, more particularly the Seneca, from -Nundawao, the name by which the Seneca call themselves. Adair spells it -Anantooeah. The tribe was also known as Aniʻ-Seʻnika.</p> -<p class="par">Aniʻ-Sahaʻni—one of the seven Cherokee -clans; possibly an archaic form for “Blue people,” from -sa′kaʻni, saʻkaʻnigeʻi, blue.</p> -<p class="par">Aniʻ-Saʻni, Aniʻ-Sawahaʻni—see -Aniʻ-Sawanuʻgi.</p> -<p class="par">Aniʻ-Sawanuʻgi (singular -Sawanuʻgi)—the Shawano Indians. Aniʻ-saʻni and -Aniʻ-Sawahaʻni may be the same.</p> -<p class="par">Aniʻ-Seʻnika—see -AniʻNundaweʻgi.</p> -<p class="par">Anisgaʻya Tsunsdiʻ (ga)—“The -Little Men”; the Thunder Boys in Cherokee mythology.</p> -<p class="par">Aniʻ-sgayaiyi—“Men town” (?), a -traditional Cherokee settlement on Valley river, in Cherokee county, -North Carolina.</p> -<p class="par">Aniʻsgiʻna—plural of asgiʻna, q. -v.</p> -<p class="par">Aniʻ-Skalaʻli—the Tuscarora Indian; -singular, Skalaʻli or A-Skalaʻli.</p> -<p class="par">Aniʻskwaʻni—Spaniards; singular, -Askwaʻni.</p> -<p class="par">Aniʻ-Suwaʻli—or -Aniʻ-Swqaʻla—the Suala, Sara or Cheraw Indians, -formerly about the headwaters <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb206" -href="#pb206" name="pb206">206</a>]</span>of Broad river, North -Carolina, the Xuala province of the De Soto chronicle, and Joara or -Juada of the later Pardo narrative.</p> -<p class="par">Aniʻtaʻgwa—the Catawba Indians; -singular, Ataʻgwa or Tagwa.</p> -<p class="par">Aniʻ-Tsaʻguhi—the Cherokee clan, -transformed to bears according to tradition. Swimmer’s daughter -bears the name Tsaguhi, which is not recognized as distinctively -belonging to either sex.</p> -<p class="par">Aniʻ-Tsaʻlagiʻ—the Cherokee.</p> -<p class="par">Aniʻ-Tsa′ta—the Choctaw Indians; -singular, Tsa′ta.</p> -<p class="par">Aniʻ-Tsiʻksu—the Chickasaw Indians; -singular, Tsiʻksu.</p> -<p class="par">Aniʻ-Tsiʻskwa—“Bird people”; -one of the seven Cherokee clans.</p> -<p class="par">Aniʻ-Tsuʻtsa—“The Boys,” -from atsuʻtsa, boy; the Pleiades.</p> -<p class="par">Aniʻ-Waʻdi—“Paint people”; -one of the seven Cherokee clans.</p> -<p class="par">Aniʻ-Wa′dihiʻ—“Place of the -Paint people or clan”; Paint town, a Cherokee settlement on lower -Soco creek, within the reservation in Jackson and Swain counties, North -Carolina. It takes its name from the Aniʻ-Waʻdi or Paint -clan.</p> -<p class="par">aniʻwaniʻski—the bugle weed, <i lang= -"la">Lycopus virginicus</i>; literally, “the talk” or -“talkers,” from tsiwaʻnihu, “I am -talking,” awaniski, “he talks habitually.”</p> -<p class="par">Aniʻ-Wasaʻsi—the Osage Indians; -singular, Wasaʻsi.</p> -<p class="par">Aniʻ-Waʻya—“Wolf people”; -the most important of the seven clans of the Cherokee.</p> -<p class="par">Aniʻ-Yunʻwiyaʻ—Indians, -particularly Cherokee Indians; literally “principal or real -people,” from yunwi, person, ya, a suffix implying principal or -real, and aniʻ, the tribal prefix.</p> -<p class="par">Aniʻ-Yuʻtsi—the Yuchi or Uchee Indians; -singular, Yuʻtsi. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb207" href= -"#pb207" name="pb207">207</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Annie Ax—see Sadayiʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Aquone—a post-office on Nantahala river, in Mason -county, North Carolina, site of the former Fort Scott. Probably a -corruption of egwani, river.</p> -<p class="par">Arch, John—see Atsi.</p> -<p class="par">Asaʻgwalihuʻ—a pack or burden; -asaʻgwal luʻ, or asaʻgwi liʻ, “there is a -pack on him.”</p> -<p class="par">asehiʻ—surely.</p> -<p class="par">Aseʻnika—singular of -Aniʻ-Seʻnika.</p> -<p class="par">asgaʻya—man.</p> -<p class="par">asgaʻya Giʻgagei—the “Red -Man”; the Lightning spirit.</p> -<p class="par">asgiʻna—a ghost, either human or animal; from -the fact that ghosts are commonly supposed to be malevolent, the name -is frequently rendered “devil.”</p> -<p class="par">Asheville—see Kasduʻyi and -Untaʻkiyastiʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">asi—the sweat lodge and occasional winter sleeping -apartment of the Cherokee and other southern tribes. It was a low built -structure of logs covered with earth and from its closeness and the -fire usually kept smoldering within was known to the old traders as the -“hot house.”</p> -<p class="par">asiyuʻ (abbreviated siyuʻ)—good; the -common Cherokee salute; gaʻsiyuʻ, “I am good”; -hasiyuʻ, “thou art good”; aʻsiyu, “he (it) -is good”; astu, “very good.”</p> -<p class="par">Askwaʻni—a Spaniard. See -Aniʻskwaʻni.</p> -<p class="par">astuʻ—very good; astu tsikiʻ, very good, -best of all.</p> -<p class="par">Astuʻgataʻga—A Cherokee lieutenant in -the Confederate service killed in 1862. The name may be rendered, -“Standing in the doorway,” but implies that the man himself -is the door or shutter; it has no first person; gataʻga, “he -is standing”; stuti, a door or shutter; stuhu, a closed door or -passage; stugiʻsti, a key, i. e., something with which to open the -door. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb208" href="#pb208" name= -"pb208">208</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">asunʻtli, asuntlunʻyu—a footlog or -bridge; literally, “log lying across,” from asiʻta, -log.</p> -<p class="par">ataʻ—wood; ataʻya, “principal -wood,” i. e., oak; cf. Muscogee iti, wood.</p> -<p class="par">Ataʻ-gul kaluʻ—a noted Cherokee chief, -recognized by the British government as the head chief or -“emperor” of the Nation, about 1760 and later, and commonly -known to the whites as the Little Carpenter (Little Cornplanter, by -mistake, in Haywood). The name is frequently spelled Atta-kulla-kulla, -Ata-kullakulla or Ata-culculla. It may be rendered “Leaning -wood,” from ataʻ, “Wood” and gul kalu, a verb -implying that something long is leaning, without sufficient support, -against some other object; it has no first person form. Bartram -describes him as “A man of remarkably small stature, slender and -of a delicate frame, the only instance I saw in the Nation; but he is a -man of superior abilities.”</p> -<p class="par">Ataʻgwa—a Catawba Indian.</p> -<p class="par">Atahiʻta—abbreviated from Atahitunʻyi, -“Place where they shouted,” from gataʻhiuʻ, -“I shout,” and yi, locative. Waya gap, on the ridge west of -Franklin, Macon county, North Carolina. The map name is probably from -the Cherokee wa ya, wolf.</p> -<p class="par">Ata-Kullakulla—see Ataʻ-gul kaluʻ.</p> -<p class="par">aʻtali—mountain; in the Lower dialect -aʻtari, whence the “Ottare” or Upper Cherokee of -Adair. The form aʻtali is used only in composition; and mountain -in situ is atalunyi or gatuʻsi.</p> -<p class="par">aʻtali-guliʻ—“it climbs the -mountain,” i. e., “mountain-climber”; the ginseng -plant, <i lang="la">Ginseng quinquefolium</i>; from aʻtali, -mountain, and guliʻ, “it climbs” (habitually); -tsilahiʻ or tsiliʻ, “I am <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb209" href="#pb209" name="pb209">209</a>]</span>climbing.” Also -called in the sacred formulas, Yunʻwi Usdiʻ, “Little -man.”</p> -<p class="par">Atalaʻnuwaʻ—“Tlaʻnuwa -hole”; the Cherokee name of Chattanooga, Tennessee (see -tsatanuʻgi); originally applied to a bluff on the south side of -the Tennessee river, at the foot of the present Market street.</p> -<p class="par">aʻtaluluʻ—unfinished, premature, -unsuccessful; whence utaluʻli, “it is not yet -time.”</p> -<p class="par">Ataʻluntiʻski—a chief of the Arkansas -Cherokee about 1818, who had originally emigrated from Tennessee. The -name, commonly spelled Tollunteeskee, Taluntiski, Tallotiskee, -Tallotuskee, etc., denotes one who throws some living object from a -place, as an enemy from a precipice.</p> -<p class="par">Aʻtari—see aʻtali.</p> -<p class="par">atasiʻ (or atasaʻ, in a dialectic -form)—a war-club.</p> -<p class="par">atatsunʻski—stinging; literally, “he -stings” (habitually).</p> -<p class="par">Aʻtsi—the Cherokee name of John Arch, one of -the earliest native writers in the Sequoya characters. The word is -simply an attempt at the English name Arch.</p> -<p class="par">atsiʻla—fire; in the Lower dialect, -atsiʻra.</p> -<p class="par">Atsiʻla-waʻi—“Fire—”; -a mountain sometimes known as Rattlesnake knob, about two miles -northeast of Cherokee, Swain county, N. C.</p> -<p class="par"> -Atsilʻ-dihyeʻgi—“Fire-Carrier”; apparently -the Cherokee name for the will-of-the-wisp. As is usually the case in -the Cherokee compounds, the verbal form is plural (“it carries -fire”); the singular form is ahyeʻgi.</p> -<p class="par">Atsilʻ-sunti (abbreviated -tsilʻ-sunti)—fleabane (<i lang="la">Erigeron canadense</i>); -the name signifies “material with which to make fire,” from -atsiʻla, fire, and gasunti, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb210" -href="#pb210" name="pb210">210</a>]</span>gatsunti or gatlunti<a id= -"xd23e7738" name="xd23e7738"></a>, material with which to make -something, from fasunʻsku (or gatlunʻsku), “I make -it.” The plant is also called ihyaʻga.</p> -<p class="par"> -atsilʻ-tluntuʻtsi—“fire-panther.” A meteor -or comet.</p> -<p class="par">Aʻtsinaʻ—cedar.</p> -<p class="par">Aʻtsinaʻ-k taʻum—“Hanging -cedar place”; from aʻtsinaʻ, cedar, and k taʻun, -“where it (long) hangs down”; a Cherokee name for the old -Taskigi town on the Little Tennessee river in Monroe county, Tenn.</p> -<p class="par">Atsiʻra—see atsiʻla.</p> -<p class="par">Atsunʻsta tiʻyi (abbreviated Atsunʻsta -ti)—“Fire-light place,” referring to the -“fire-hunting” method of killing deer in the river at -night. The proper form for Chestatee river, near Dahlonega, in Lumpkin -county, Ga.</p> -<p class="par">Attakullakulla—see Ata-gul kaluʻ.</p> -<p class="par">awaʻ—see amaʻ.</p> -<p class="par">awaʻhili—eagle; particularly <i lang= -"la">Aquila Chrysaetus</i>, distinguished as the -“pretty-feathered eagle.”</p> -<p class="par">awiʻ—deer; also sometimes written and -pronounced ahawiʻ; the name is sometimes applied to the large -horned beetle, the flying stag of early writers.</p> -<p class="par">awiʻ-ahanuʻlahi—goat; literally -“bearded deer.”</p> -<p class="par">awiʻ-ahyeliʻski—“deer -mocker”; the deer bleat, a sort of whistle used by hunters to -call the doe by imitating the cry of the fawn.</p> -<p class="par">awiʻ-aktaʻ—“deer eye”; the -<i lang="la">Rudbeckia</i> or black-eyed Susan.</p> -<p class="par">awiʻ-eʻgwa (abbreviated -aw-eʻgwa)—the elk, literally “great deer.”</p> -<p class="par">awiʻ-unadeʻna—sheep; literally -“woolly deer.”</p> -<p class="par">AwiʻUsdiʻ—“Little Deer,” the -mythic chief of the Deer tribe.</p> -<p class="par">Ax, Annie—see Sadayiʻ. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb211" href="#pb211" name="pb211">211</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Ax, John—see Itaguʻnahi.</p> -<p class="par">awe li—half, middle, in the middle.</p> -<p class="par">Ayphwaʻsi—the proper form of the name -commonly written Hiwassee. It signifies a savanna or meadow and was -applied to two (or more) former Cherokee settlements. The more -important, commonly distinguished as Ayuhwaʻsi Egwaʻhi or -Great Hiwassee, was on the north bank of Hiwassee river at the present -Savannah ford above Columbus, in Polk county, Tenn. The other was -farther up the same river, at the junction of Peachtree creek, above -Murphy, in Cherokee county, N. C. Lanman writes it Owassa.</p> -<p class="par">Ayrate—see eʻladiʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Aysʻsta—“The Spoiler,” from -tsiyaʻstihu, “I spoil it”; cf. uyaʻi, bad. A -prominent woman and informant on the East Cherokee reservation.</p> -<p class="par">Ayunʻini—“Swimmer”; literally, -“he is swimming,” from gayuniniʻ, “I am -swimming.” A principal priest and informant of the East Cherokee, -died in 1899.</p> -<p class="par">Ayulsuʻ—see Dayulsunʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Beaverdam—see Uy′gilaʻgi.</p> -<p class="par">Big-Cove—see Kaʻlanunʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Big-Island—see Amaye′l-eʻgwa.</p> -<p class="par">Big-Witch—see Tskil-eʻgwa.</p> -<p class="par">Bird-Town—see Tsiskwaʻhi.</p> -<p class="par">Bloody-Fellow—see Iskagua.</p> -<p class="par">Blythe—see Diskwani.</p> -<p class="par">Black-fox—see Inaʻli.</p> -<p class="par">Boudinot, Elias—see Galagiʻna.</p> -<p class="par">Bowl, The; Bowles, Colonel—see Diwali.</p> -<p class="par">Brass—see Untsaiyiʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Brasstown—see Itseʻyi. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb212" href="#pb212" name="pb212">212</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Breadth, The—see Unliʻta.</p> -<p class="par">Briertown—see Kanuʻgulaʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Buffalo (creek)—see Yunsaʻi.</p> -<p class="par">Bull-Head—see Sukwaleʻna.</p> -<p class="par">Butler, John—see Tsanʻ-ugaʻsita.</p> -<p class="par">Cade’s Cove—see Tsiyaʻhi.</p> -<p class="par">Canacaught—“Canacaught, the great -Conjurer,” mentioned as a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; possibly -kanegwaʻti, the water-moccasin snake.</p> -<p class="par">Canaly—see hiʻginaʻlii.</p> -<p class="par">Canasagua—see Gansaʻgi.</p> -<p class="par">Cannastion, Cannostee—see Kanaʻsta.</p> -<p class="par">Canuga—see Kanuʻga.</p> -<p class="par">Cartoogaja—see Gatuʻgitseʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Cataluchee—see Gadaluʻtsi.</p> -<p class="par">Cauchi—a place, apparently in the Cherokee county, -visited by Pardo in 1567.</p> -<p class="par">Caunasaita—given as the name of a Lower Chief in -1684; possibly for Kanunsiʻta, “dogwood.”</p> -<p class="par">Chalaque—see Tsaʻlagi.</p> -<p class="par">Chattanooga—see Tsatanuʻgi.</p> -<p class="par">Chattooga, Chatuga—see Tsatuʻgi.</p> -<p class="par">Cheeowhee—see Tsiyaʻhi.</p> -<p class="par">Cheerake—see Tsaʻlagi.</p> -<p class="par">Cheraw—see Aniʻ-Suwaʻli.</p> -<p class="par">Cheowa—see Tsiyaʻhi.</p> -<p class="par">Cheowa Maximum—see Schwateʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Cheraqui—see Tsaʻlagi.</p> -<p class="par">Cherokee—see Tsaʻlagi.</p> -<p class="par">Chestatee—see Atsunʻsta tiʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Chestua—see Tsistuʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Cheucunsene—see Tsiʻkamaʻgi.</p> -<p class="par">Chilhowee—see Tsu lunʻwe. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb213" href="#pb213" name="pb213">213</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Chimney Tops—see Duniʻskwa lgunʻi.</p> -<p class="par">Chisca—mentioned in the De Soto narratives as a -mining region in the Cherokee country. The name may have a connection -with Tsiʻskwa, “bird,” possibly Tsiskwaʻhi, -“Bird place.”</p> -<p class="par">Choastea—see Tsistuʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Chopped Oak—see Digaluʻyatunʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Choquata—see Itsaʻti.</p> -<p class="par">Citico—see Siʻtikuʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Clear-sky—see Iskagua.</p> -<p class="par">Clennuse—see Tlanusiʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Cleveland—see Tsistetsiʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Coca—see Aniʻ-Kuʻsa.</p> -<p class="par">Coco—see Kukuʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Cohutta—see Gahuʻti.</p> -<p class="par">Colanneh, Colona—see Kaʻlanu.</p> -<p class="par">Conasauga—see Gansaʻgi.</p> -<p class="par">Conneross—see Kawanʻ-uraʻsunyi.</p> -<p class="par">Coosawatee—see Kuʻsawetiʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Cooweescoowee—see Guʻwisguwiʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Coosa—see Aniʻ-Kuʻsa, Kusa.</p> -<p class="par">Corani—see Kaʻlanu.</p> -<p class="par">Coweeʻ—see Kawiʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Coweeta, Coweta—see Aniʻ-Kawiʻta.</p> -<p class="par">Coyatee (variously spelled Cawatie, Coiatee, Coytee, -Coytoy, Kai-a-tee)—a former Cherokee settlement on Little -Tennessee river, some ten miles below the junction of Tellico, about -the present Coytee post-office in Loudon county, Tennessee.</p> -<p class="par">Creek-path—see Kuʻsa-nunnaʻhi.</p> -<p class="par">Crow-town—see Kagunʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Cuhtahlatah—a Cherokee woman noted in the -Wahnenauhi manuscript as having distinguished herself by bravery in -battle. The proper form may <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb214" href= -"#pb214" name="pb214">214</a>]</span>have some connection with -gatunʻlati, “wild hemp.”</p> -<p class="par">Cullasagee—see Kulseʻtsiʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Cullowhee, Currahee—see Gulahiʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Cuttawa—see Kituʻhwa.</p> -<p class="par">Dagan tu—“he makes it rain”; from -agaʻska, “it is raining,” agaʻna, “it has -begun to rain”; a small variety of lizard whose cry is said to -presage rain. It is also called aʻnigantiʻski, “they -make it rain” (plural form), or rain-maker.</p> -<p class="par">dagul ku—the American white-fronted goose. The -name may be an onomatope.</p> -<p class="par">daguʻna—the fresh-water mussel; also a -variety of face pimples.</p> -<p class="par">Dagunʻhi—“Mussel place,” from -daguʻna, mussel, and hi, locative. The Mussel shoals on Tennessee -river, in northwestern Alabama. It was sometimes called also simply Tsu -stanalunʻyi, “Shoal’s place.”</p> -<p class="par">Daguʻnawaʻlahi—“Mussel-liver -place,” from daguʻna, mussel, uweʻla, liver, and hi, -locative; the Cherokee name for the site of Nashville, Tenn. No reason -can now be given for the name.</p> -<p class="par">Dahlonega—A town in Lumpkin county, Ga., near -which the first gold was mined. A mint was established there in 1838. -The name is from the Cherokee dalaʻnigeʻi, yellow, whence -ateʻla-dalaʻ-nigeʻi, “yellow money,” i. e., -gold.</p> -<p class="par">daksawaʻihu—“he is shedding -tears.”</p> -<p class="par">dakwaʻ—a mythic great fish; also the -whale.</p> -<p class="par">Dakwaʻi—“dakwa place,” from a -tradition of a dakwaʻ in the river at that point. A former -Cherokee settlement, known to the traders as Toqua or Toco, on Little -Tennessee river, about the mouth <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb215" -href="#pb215" name="pb215">215</a>]</span>of Toco creek in Monroe -county, Tenn. A similar name and tradition attaches to a spot on the -French Broad river, about six miles above the Warm springs, in Buncombe -county, N. C.</p> -<p class="par">dakwaʻnitlastesti—“I shall have them on -my legs for garters”; from anitlaʻsti (plural -dinitlaʻsti), garter; d-, initial plural; akwa, first person -particle; and esti, future suffix.</p> -<p class="par">daʻlikstaʻ—“vomiter,” from -dagikʻstihuʻ, “I am vomiting,” dalikstaʻ, -“he vomits” (habitually); the form is plural. The spreading -adder (<i lang="la">Heterodon</i>), also sometimes called -kwandayaʻhu, a word of uncertain etymology.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="corr" id="xd23e7973" title= -"Source: Da">Daʻ</span> nagasta—for Daʻ -nawa-gastaʻya, “Sharp-war,” i. e., -“Eager-warrior;<span class="corr" id="xd23e7976" title= -"Not in source">”</span> a Cherokee woman’s name.</p> -<p class="par">Daʻ nawa-(a)sa tsunʻyi, -“War-ford,” from daʻ nawa, war, and asa tsunʻyi, -“a crossing-place or ford.<span class="corr" id="xd23e7981" -title="Not in source">”</span> A ford on Cheowa river about three -miles below Robbinsville, in Graham county, N. C.</p> -<p class="par">Dandaʻganuʻ—“Two looking at each -other,” from detsiʻganuʻ, “I am looking at -him.” A former Cherokee settlement, commonly known as Lookout -Mountain town, on Lookout Mountain creek, near the present Trenton, -Dade county, Ga. One of the Chickamauga towns (see -Tsiʻkamaʻgi), so-called on account of the appearance of the -mountains facing each other across the Tennessee river at -Chattanooga.</p> -<p class="par">Daʻsi giyaʻgi—an old masculine personal -name, of doubtful etymology, but commonly rendered by the traders -“Shoe-boots,” possibly referring to some peculiar style of -moccasin or leggin. A chief known to the whites as Shoe-boots is -mentioned in the Revolutionary records. Chief Lloyd Welch<span class= -"corr" id="xd23e7988" title="Source: .">,</span> <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb216" href="#pb216" name="pb216">216</a>]</span>of -the eastern band, was known in the tribe as Daʻsi giyaʻgi, -and the same name is now used by the East Cherokee as the equivalent of -the name Lloyd.</p> -<p class="par">Daʻskwitunʻyi—“Rafter’s -Place,” from daskwitunʻi, rafters, and yi, locative. A -former settlement on Tusquittee creek, near Hayesville, in Clay county, -North Carolina.</p> -<p class="par">dasunʻtali—ant; dasunʻtali, -“stinging ant,” the large red cowant (<i lang= -"la">Myrmica?</i>), also called sometimes, on account of its hard -body-case, nunʻyunuʻwi, “stone-clad,” after the -fabulous monster.</p> -<p class="par">Datleʻyastaʻi—“where they fell -down,” a point on Tuckasegee river, a short distance above -Webster, in Jackson county, North Carolina.</p> -<p class="par">datsi—a traditional water-monster.</p> -<p class="par">Datsiʻyi—“Datsi place”; a place -on Little Tennessee river, near junction of Eagle creek, in Swain -county, North Carolina.</p> -<p class="par">Datsuʻnalagunʻyi—“where there are -tracks or footprints,” from utaʻsinunʻyi or -ulasgunʻyi, footprint. Track Rock gap, near Blairsville, Georgia. -Also sometimes called Deʻgayelunʻha, “place of branded -marks.”</p> -<p class="par">daʻyi—beaver.</p> -<p class="par">Dayulsunʻyi—“place where they -cried,” a spot on the ridge at the head of Tuckasegee river, in -Jackson county, North Carolina; so-called from an old tradition.</p> -<p class="par">daʻyuniʻsi—“beaver’s -grandchild,” from dayi, beaver, and uniʻsi, son’s -child of either sex. The water beetle or mellow bug.</p> -<p class="par">Degal gunʻyi—a cairn, literally “where -they are piled up”; a series of cairns on the south side of -Cheowa river, in Graham county, N. C. <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb217" href="#pb217" name="pb217">217</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Deʻgataʻga—The Cherokee name of General -Stamd Watie and of a prominent early western chief known to the whites -as Takatoka. The word is derived from tsitaʻga, “I am -standing,” da nitaʻga “they are standing -together,” and conveys the subtle meaning of two persons standing -together and so closely united in sympathy as to form but one human -body.</p> -<p class="par">Deʻgayelunʻha—see -Datsuʻnalagunʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">detsanunʻli—an enclosure or piece of level -ground cleared for ceremonial purposes; applied more particularly to -the green-corn dance ground. The word has a plural form, but cannot be -certainly analyzed.</p> -<p class="par">Deʻtsata—a Cherokee sprite.</p> -<p class="par">detsinuʻlahunguʻ—“I tried, but -failed.”</p> -<p class="par">Didalaskiʻyi—“Showering place.” -In the story (number 17) the name is understood to mean “the -place where it rains fire.” It signifies literally, however, the -place where it showers, or comes down, and lodges upon something -animate and has no definite reference to fire (atsiʻla) or rain -(afaska, “it is raining”); degalaskuʻ, “they are -showering down and lodging upon him.”</p> -<p class="par">Didaʻskastiʻyi—“where they were -afraid of each other,” a spot on Little Tennessee river, near the -mouth of Alarka creek, in Swain county, N. C.</p> -<p class="par">digaʻgwaniʻ—the mud-hen or didapper. The -name is plural form and implies “lame,” or “crippled -in the legs” (cf. detsiʻnigwaʻna, “I am -kneeling”)<span class="corr" id="xd23e8035" title= -"Source: .">,</span> probably from the bouncing motion of the bird when -in the water. It is also the name of a dance.</p> -<p class="par">Digaʻkatiʻyi—see Gakatiʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">diʻgalungunʻyi—“where it rises, or -comes up”; the east. The sacred term is Nundaʻyi, q. v. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb218" href="#pb218" name= -"pb218">218</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">digalunʻlatiyun—a height, one of a series, -from galunʻlati, “above.”</p> -<p class="par">Digaluʻyatunʻyi—“where it is -gashed (with hatchets)”; from tsiluʻyu, “I am cutting -(with a chopping stroke),” di, plural prefix, and yi, locative. -The Chopped Oak, formerly east of Clarkesville, Ga.</p> -<p class="par">Diganeʻski—“he picks them up” -(habitually), from tsineʻu, “I am picking it up.” A -Cherokee Union soldier in the Civil War.</p> -<p class="par">digiʻgageʻi—the plural of -giʻgageʻi, red.</p> -<p class="par">diguʻlanahiʻta—for -diguʻli-anahiʻta, “having long ears,” -“long-eared”; from gule, “ear” and -gunahiʻta, “long.”</p> -<p class="par">Dihyunʻdulaʻ—“sheaths,” or -“scabbards”; singular ahyunʻdulaʻ, “a -gun-sheath,” or other scabbard. The probable correct form of a -name which appears in Revolutionary documents as “Untoola, or Gum -Rod.”</p> -<p class="par">Diktaʻ—plural of Aktaʻ, eye.</p> -<p class="par">dilaʻ—skunk.</p> -<p class="par">dilstaʻyati—“scissors”; the -water-spider (<i lang="la">Dolomedes</i>).</p> -<p class="par">dindaʻskwateʻski—the violet; the name -signifies, “they pull each others' heads off.”</p> -<p class="par">dineʻtlana—the creation.</p> -<p class="par">di nuski—“the breeder”; a variety of -smilax brier.</p> -<p class="par">Disgaʻgistiʻyi—“where they -gnaw”; a place on Cheowa river, in Graham county, N. C.</p> -<p class="par">diskwa ni—“chestnut bread,” i. e., a -variety of bread having chestnuts mixed with it. The Cherokee name of -James Blythe, interpreter and agency clerk.</p> -<p class="par">Distaiʻyi—“they are strong,” -plural of astaiʻyi, “strong or tough.” The Tephrosia -or devil’s shoestring.</p> -<p class="par">distaʻsti—a mill (generic). <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb219" href="#pb219" name="pb219">219</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">ditaʻstayeski—“a barber,” -literally “one who cuts things (as with scissors), from -tsistaʻyu, “I cut.” The cricket (talaʻtu) is -sometimes so-called.</p> -<p class="par">Diwaʻli—“Bowl,” a prominent chief -of the western Cherokee, known to the whites as The Bowl, or Colonel -Bowles, killed by the Texans in 1839. The chief mentioned may have been -another of the same name.</p> -<p class="par">diyaʻhali (or duyaʻhali)—the alligator -lizard (<i lang="la">Sceloporue undulatus</i>).</p> -<p class="par">Diyaʻhaliʻyi—“Lizard’s -place,” from diyaʻhali, lizard, and yi, locative. Joanna -Bald, a mountain at the head of Valley river on the line between -Cherokee and Graham counties, North Carolina.</p> -<p class="par">Double-Head—see Tal-tsuʻskaʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Dragging-Canoe—see Tsiʻyu-gunsiʻni.</p> -<p class="par">Dudunʻleksunʻyi—“where its legs -were broken off”; a place on Tuckasegee river, a few miles above -Webster, in Jackson county, N. C.</p> -<p class="par">Dugiluʻyi (abbreviated Dugiluʻ, and commonly -written Tugaloo, or sometimes Toogelah or Toogoola)—a name -occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country, the best known -being Tugaloo river, so-called from a former Cherokee settlement of -that name situated at the junction of Toccoa creek with the main -stream, in Habersham county, Ga. The word is of uncertain etymology; -but seems to refer to a place at the forks of a stream.</p> -<p class="par">Dukasʻi, Dukwasʻi—The correct form of -the name commonly written Toxaway, applied to a former Cherokee -settlement in S. C., and the creek upon which it stood, and extreme -headstream of Keowee river having its source in Jackson county, N. C. -The meaning of the name is lost, although it has <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb220" href="#pb220" name="pb220">220</a>]</span>been -wrongly interpreted to mean “place of shedding tears.”</p> -<p class="par">Dulastunʻyi—“Potsherd place.” A -former Cherokee settlement on Nottely river in Cherokee county, North -Carolina.</p> -<p class="par">duleʻtsi—“kernels,” a goitrous -swelling upon the throat.</p> -<p class="par">duluʻsi—a variety of frog found upon the -headwaters of Savannah river.</p> -<p class="par">Duniya ta lunʻyi—“where there are -shelves, or flat places,” from aya teʻni, flat, whence -daʻya tana lunʻi, a shelf, and yi, locative. A gap on the -Great Smoky range, near Clingman’s dome, Swain county, N. C.</p> -<p class="par">Duniduʻlalunʻyi—“where they made -arrows”; a place on Straight creek, a headstream of Oconaluftee -river, in Swain county, N. C.</p> -<p class="par">Duniʻskwa lgunʻi—the double peak known -as the Chimney Tops, in Great Smoky Mountains about the head of Deep -creek, in Swain county, N. C. On the north side is the pass known as -Indian gap. The name signifies a “forked antler,” from -uskwa lgu, antler, but indicates that the antler is attached in place, -as though the deer itself were concealed below.</p> -<p class="par">Duʻstayalunʻyi—“where it made a -noise as of thunder or shooting,” apparently referring to a -lightning <span class="corr" id="xd23e8119" title= -"Source: stroke">strike</span> (detsistayaʻhihu<a id="xd23e8122" -name="xd23e8122"></a>, “I make a shooting or thundering -noise,” might be a first person form used by the <span class= -"corr" id="xd23e8124" title="Source: personfied">personified</span> -Thundergod); a spot on Hiwassee river, about the junction of Shooting -creek, near Hayesville, in Clay county, N. C. A former settlement along -the creek bore the same name. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb221" -href="#pb221" name="pb221">221</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">duʻstuʻ—a species of frog, appearing -very early in spring; the name is intended for an onomatope. It is the -correct form of the name of the chief noted by McKenney and Hall as -“Tooantuh or Spring Frog.”</p> -<p class="par">Dutch—see Tatsiʻ.</p> -<p class="par">duwe ga—a spring lizard.</p> -<p class="par">Eagle Dance—see Tsugiduʻli -ulsgiʻsti.</p> -<p class="par">Eastinaulee—see Uʻstanaʻli.</p> -<p class="par">Echota, New—see Gansaʻgi.</p> -<p class="par">edata—my father (Upper dialect); the Middle and -Lower dialect form is agidaʻta.</p> -<p class="par">Ediʻhi—“He goes about” -(habitually); a masculine name.</p> -<p class="par">edutu—my maternal grandfather (Upper dialect); the -Middle and Lower dialect form is agidu tu; cf. enisi.</p> -<p class="par">egwa—great; cf. utanu.</p> -<p class="par">egwani—river.</p> -<p class="par">Egwanulti—“By the river,” from egwa -ni, river, and nulati or nulti, near, beside. The proper form of -Oconaluftee, the name of the river flowing thru the East Cherokee -reservation in Swain and Jackson Counties, N. C. The town, Oconaluftee, -mentioned by Bartram as existing about 1775, was probably on the lower -course of the river at the present Birdtown, on the reservation, where -was formerly a considerable mound.</p> -<p class="par">ela—earth, ground.</p> -<p class="par">eladi—low, below; in the Lower dialect eradi, -whence the Ayrata or Lower Cherokee of Adair, as distinguished from the -Ottara (atari, atali) or Upper Cherokee.</p> -<p class="par">elanti—a song form for eladi, q. v. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb222" href="#pb222" name="pb222">222</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Elatseʻyi, (abbreviated Elatse)—“Green -(verdant) earth,” from ela, earth, and itse yi, green, from -fresh-springing vegetation. The name of several former Cherokee -settlements, commonly known to the whites as Ellijay, Elejoy or -Allagae. One of these was upon the headwaters of Keowee river in S. C.; -another was on Ellijay creek of Little Tennessee river, near the -present Franklin, in Macon Co., N. C.; another was about the present -Ellijay in Gilmer Co., Ga.; and still another was on Ellijay creek of -Little river, near the present Maryville, in Blount Co., Tenn.</p> -<p class="par">Elawa diyi (abbreviated Elawa di)—“Red-earth -place,” from ela, earth, wadi, brown-red or red paint, and yi, -the locative. 1. The Cherokee name of <span class="corr" id="xd23e8164" -title="Source: Yellow-hill">Yellow-Hill</span> settlement, now -officially known as Cherokee, the post office and agency headquarters -for the East Cherokee, on Oconaluftee river, in Swain Co., N. C. 2. A -former council ground known in history as Red Clay; at the site of the -present village of that name in Whitfield Co., Ga., adjoining the -Tennessee line.</p> -<p class="par">Ellijay—see Elatseʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">eni si—my paternal grandfather (Upper dialect); -the Middle and Lower dialect form is agani si, cf. edutu.</p> -<p class="par">Eskaqua—see Iskagua.</p> -<p class="par">Estanaula, Estinaula—see Uʻstanaʻli.</p> -<p class="par">Etawa ha -tsistatlaʻski—“Deadwood-lighter,” a traditional -Cherokee conjurer.</p> -<p class="par">eti—old, long ago.</p> -<p class="par">Etowah—see Iʻtawaʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Etsaiyi—see Untsaiyi.</p> -<p class="par">etsi—my mother (Upper dialect); the Middle and -Lower dialect form is agitsi. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb223" -href="#pb223" name="pb223">223</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Euharlee—see Yuhaʻli.</p> -<p class="par">Feather dance—see Tsugiduʻli -ulsgiʻsti.</p> -<p class="par">Fightingtown—see Walasʻ-unulsti yi.</p> -<p class="par">Flax-toter—see Taleʻdanigiʻski.</p> -<p class="par">Flying-squirrel—see Kaʻlahuʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Frogtown—see Walasiʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Gadaluʻla—the proper name of the mountain -known to the whites as Yonah (from yanu, bear); or upper Chattahoochee -river, in White Co., Ga. The name has no connection with Tallulah (see -Talulu) and cannot be translated.</p> -<p class="par">Gadaluʻtsi—in the corrupted form of -Cataluchee this appears on the map as the name of a peak, or rather a -ridge, on the line between Swain and Haywood counties, N. C., and of a -creek running down on the Haywood side into Big Pigeon river. It is -properly the name of the ridge only, and seems to refer to a -“fringe standing erect,” apparently from the appearance of -the timber growing in streaks along the side of the mountain; from -wadaluʻyata, fringe, gaduʻta, “standing up in a row or -series.”</p> -<p class="par">gahawiʻsiti—parched corn.</p> -<p class="par">Gahuti (Gahuʻta and Gwahuʻti in dialect -forms)—Cohutta mountains in Murray Co., Ga. The name comes from -gahutaʻyi, “ashed roof supported on poles<span class="corr" -id="xd23e8208" title="Not in source">”</span>, and refers to a -fancied resemblance in the summit.</p> -<p class="par">Gakatiʻyi—“place of setting -fire”; something spoken in the plural form, -Digaʻkatiʻyi, “place of the setting free.” A -point on Tuckasegee river, about three miles above Bryson City, in -Swain Co., N. C. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb224" href="#pb224" -name="pb224">224</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">gaktunʻta—an injunction, command or rule, -more particularly a prohibition or ceremonial tabu. -Tsigaʻteʻgu. “I am observing an injunction or -tabu”; adakteʻgi, “he is under tabu -regulations.”</p> -<p class="par">Galagiʻna—a male deer (buck) or turkey -(gobbler); in the first sense the name is sometimes used also for the -large horned beetle (<i lang="la">Dynastes tityus</i>). The Indian name -of Elias Boudinot, first Cherokee editor.</p> -<p class="par">galiʻsgisidaʻhu—“I am dancing -about”; from galiʻsgia, “I am dancing,” and -edahu, “I am going about.”</p> -<p class="par">galunkwʻtiʻyo—honored; sacred; used in -the bible to mean holy, hallowed.</p> -<p class="par">galunʻlati—above, on high.</p> -<p class="par">ganeʻga—skin.</p> -<p class="par">ganidawaʻski—“the champion -catchfly” or “rattlesnake’s master” (<i lang= -"la">Silene stellata</i>); the name signifies “it disjoints -itself,” from ganidawskuʻ, “it is unjointing -itself,” on account of the peculiar manner in which the dried -stalk breaks off at the joints.</p> -<p class="par">Gansagi (or Gansagiyi)—the name of several former -settlements in the old Cherokee country; it cannot be analyzed. One of -this name was upon Tuckasegee river, a short distance above the present -Webster, in Jackson Co., N. C.; another was on the lower part of -Canasauga creek, in McMinn Co., Tenn.; a third was at the junction of -Conasauga and Coosawatee rivers, where afterwards was located the -Cherokee capital, New Echota, in Gordon Co., Ga.; a fourth, mentioned -in the De Soto narratives as Canasoga or Canasagua, was located in 1540 -on the upper Chattahoochee river, possibly in the neighborhood of -Kennesaw mountain, Ga. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb225" href= -"#pb225" name="pb225">225</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Gansaʻtiʻyi—“robbing place,” -from tsinaʻsahunsku, “I am robbing him.” Vengeance -creek of Valley river in Cherokee Co., N. C. The name vengeance was -originally a white man’s nickname for an old Cherokee woman, of -forbidding aspect, who lived there before the Removal.</p> -<p class="par">Ganseʻti—a rattle; as the Cherokee dance -rattle is made from the gourd, the masculine name, Ganseʻti, is -usually rendered by the whites, “rattling-gourd.”</p> -<p class="par">gatausti—the wheel and stick of the Southern -tribes, incorrectly called nettecwaw by Timberlake.</p> -<p class="par">Gategwaʻ—for Gategwaʻhi, possibly a -contraction of Igat(I)-egwaʻhi, “Great-swamp, “thicket -place.” A high peak southeast from Franklin, Macon Co., N. C., -and perhaps identical with Fodderstack mountain.</p> -<p class="par">gaʻtsu—see hatluʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Gatuʻgitseʻyi (abbreviated -Gatuʻgitseʻ)—“New-settlement place,” from -gatuʻgi or agatuʻgi, town, settlement, itsehi, new, -especially applied to new vegetation, and yi, the locative. A former -settlement on Cartoogaja creek near the present Franklin, in Macon Co., -N. C.</p> -<p class="par">Gatugiʻyi—“Town building place,” -or “Settlement place,” from gatuʻgi, a settlement, and -yi, locative. A place on Santeetla creek, near Robbinsville, in Graham -Co., N. C.</p> -<p class="par">Gatunʻitiʻyi—“Hemp place,” -from Gatunʻlati, “wild hemp” (<i lang="la">Apocynum -cannabinum</i>), and yi, locative. A former Cherokee settlement, -commonly known as Hemptown, on the creek of the same name, near -Morgantown, in Fannin Co., Ga.</p> -<p class="par">Gatunʻwaʻli—a noted western Cherokee, -about 1842, known to the whites as Hardmush or Big-Mush. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb226" href="#pb226" name="pb226">226</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Gatunʻwaʻli, from gaʻtuʻ, -“bread,” and unwaʻli, “made into balls or -lumps,” is a sort of mush or parched corn meal, made very thick, -so that it can be dipped out in lumps almost of the consistency of -bread.</p> -<p class="par">geʻi—down stream, down the road, with the -current; tsaʻgi, up stream.</p> -<p class="par">geseʻi—was; a separate word which, when used -after the verb in the present tense, makes it past tense without change -of form; in the form hiʻgeseʻi it usually accompanies an -emphatic repetition.</p> -<p class="par">Geʻyaguʻga (for -Ageʻhyaʻ-guga?)—a formulistic name for the moon -(nunʻdaʻ); it cannot be analyzed, but seems to contain the -word ageʻhya, “woman.” See also nunʻdaʻ.</p> -<p class="par">giʻga—blood; cf. giʻgageʻi, -red.</p> -<p class="par">giʻga-danegiʻski—“blood -taker,” from giʻga, blood, and adaʻnegiʻski, -“one who takes liquids,” from tsiʻnegiaʻ -(liquid). Another name for the tsaneʻni or scorpion lizard.</p> -<p class="par">giʻgageʻi—red, bright red, scarlet; the -brown-red of certain animals and clays is distinguished as -waʻdigeʻi.</p> -<p class="par"> -giʻga-tsuhaʻli—“bloody-mouth,” literally -“having blood on the corners of his mouth”; from -giʻga, blood, and tsuhanunsiʻyi, the corners of the mouth -(ahaʻli, his mouth). A large lizard, probably the pleistodon.</p> -<p class="par">gili—dog; the Lower dialect, giʻri.</p> -<p class="par">Gili-dinehunʻyi—“where the dogs -live,” from gili, dog, dinehuʻ, “they dwell” -(ehu, “I dwell”), and yi, locative. A place on Oconaluftee -river, a short distance above the present Cherokee in Swain Co., N. C. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb227" href="#pb227" name= -"pb227">227</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par"> -Giʻliʻ-utsunʻstanunʻyi—“where the dog -ran,” from giliʻ, dog, and Utsunʻstanunʻyi, -“footprints made by an animal running”; the Milky way.</p> -<p class="par">ginunti—a song form for gunuʻtiiʻ, -“to lay him (animate object) upon the ground.”</p> -<p class="par">giri—see giʻliʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Gisehunʻyi—“where the female -lives,” from agiʻsi, female, and yi, locative. A place on -Tuckasegee river a short distance above Bryson City, in Swain Co., N. -C.</p> -<p class="par">gitʻlu—hair. (Upper dialect); in Lower and -Middle dialects gitsu.</p> -<p class="par">Glass, The—see Taʻgwadihiʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Gohoma—A Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; the form -cannot be identified.</p> -<p class="par">Going-snake—see Iʻnadunaʻi.</p> -<p class="par">Gorhaleka—a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; the form -cannot be identified.</p> -<p class="par">Great Island—see Amayel-eʻgwa.</p> -<p class="par">Gregory Bald—see <span class="corr" id="xd23e8306" -title="Source: Tsistu’yi">Tsistuʻyi</span>.</p> -<p class="par">Guachoula—see Guaxule.</p> -<p class="par">Guaquila (Waki la)—a town in the Cherokee country, -visited by De Soto in 1540, and again in 1567 by Pardo, who calls it -Aguaquiri, and the name may have a connection with waguli, -“Whippoorwill,” or with uʻwaʻgiʻli, -“foam.”</p> -<p class="par">Guasula—see Guaxule.</p> -<p class="par">Gusila—see Guaxule.</p> -<p class="par">Guaxule—a town in Cherokee county, visited in 1540 -by De Soto. It was probably about at Nacoochee mound in White Co., -Ga.</p> -<p class="par">guʻdayʻwu—“I have sewed myself -together”; “I am sewing,” tsiyeʻwiaʻ; -“I am sewing myself together.” <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb228" href="#pb228" name="pb228">228</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">gugweʻ—the quail or partridge.</p> -<p class="par">gugweʻulasuʻla—“partridge -moccasin,” from guewe, partridge, and ulasula, moccasin or shoe; -the lady slipper.</p> -<p class="par">Gulahiʻyi (abbreviated Gulahiʻ, or -Gurahiʻ, in the Lower dialect)—“Gulaʻhi -place,” so-called from the unidentified spring plant eaten as a -salad by the Cherokee. The name of two or more places in the old -Cherokee country; one about Currahee mountain, in Habersham Co., Ga., -the other on Cullowhee river, an upper branch of Tuckasegee, in Jackson -Co., N. C. Currahee Dick was a noted chief about the year 1820.</p> -<p class="par">Guʻlaniʻyi—a Cherokee and Natchez -settlement, formerly about the junction of Brasstown creek with -Hiwassee river, a short distance above Murphy, in Cherokee Co., N. C. -The etymology of the word is doubtful.</p> -<p class="par">guleʻ—acorn.</p> -<p class="par">guleʻdiskaʻnihi—the turtle-dove; -literally “it cries, or mourns, for acorns,” from gule, -acorn, and diskaʻnihiʻ, “it cries for them,” -(di-. plural prefix, hi, habitual suffix). The turtle-dove feeds upon -acorns and its cry somewhat resembles the name, gule.</p> -<p class="par">guleʻgi—“climber,” from tsilahi, -“I climb” (second person, hiʻlahi; third person, -gulahi); the blacksnake.</p> -<p class="par">Gulʻkalaʻski—an earlier name for -Tsunuʻlahunʻski, q. v.</p> -<p class="par">gulʻkwaʻgi—seven; also the -mole-cricket.</p> -<p class="par">gulʻkwaʻgine(-i)—seventh; from -gulʻkwagi, seven.</p> -<p class="par">Gulsadihi (or Gultsadihiʻ?) a masculine name of -uncertain etymology.</p> -<p class="par">gunahiʻti—long. <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb229" href="#pb229" name="pb229">229</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Guʻnahitunʻyi—Long place (i. e., Long -valley), from gunahiʻti, long, and yi, locative. A former -settlement known to the whites as Valleytown, where now is the town of -the same name on Valley river in Cherokee Co., N. C. The various -settlements on Valley river and the adjacent part of Hiwassee were -known collectively as “Valley towns.”</p> -<p class="par">Gunʻdiʻgaduhunʻyi (abbreviated -Gunʻ-digaduʻhun)—“Turkey settlement” -(guʻna, turkey), so-called from the chief, Turkey or Little -Turkey. A former settlement, known to the whites as Turkeytown, upon -the west bank of Coosa river, opposite the present Center, in Cherokee, -Co., Ala.</p> -<p class="par">guʻni—arrow. Cf. Senica, gaʻna.</p> -<p class="par">gunʻnageʻi (or gunʻnage) black.</p> -<p class="par">Gunneʻhi—see Nunneʻhi.</p> -<p class="par">Gunskaliʻski—a masculine personal name of -uncertain etymology.</p> -<p class="par">Gunters Landing, Guntersville—see -Kuʻsa-Nunnaʻhi.</p> -<p class="par">Gun-tuskwaʻli—“short arrows,” -from guni, arrow, and tsuskwaʻli, plural of uskaʻli, short; a -traditional western tribe.</p> -<p class="par">Gununʻdaʻleʻgi—see -Nunna-hiʻdihi.</p> -<p class="par">Gustiʻ—a traditional Cherokee settlement on -Tennessee river, near Kingston, Roane Co., Tenn. The name cannot be -analyzed.</p> -<p class="par">Guʻwisguwiʻ—The Cherokee name of the -chief John Ross, and for the district named in his honor, commonly -spelled Cooweescoowee. Properly an onomatope for a large bird said to -have been seen formerly at infrequent intervals in the old Cherokee -country, accompanying the migratory wild geese, and described as -resembling a large snipe, with yellow legs and unwebbed feet. In -boyhood John Ross was known as Tsanʻusdi, “Little -John.” <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb230" href="#pb230" name= -"pb230">230</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Gwalʻgaʻhi—“Frog-place,” -from gwalʻgu, a variety of frog, and hi, locative. A place on -Hiwassee river, just above the junction of Peachtree creek, near -Murphy, in Cherokee Co., N. C.; about 1755 the site of a village of -refugee Natchez, and later of a Baptist mission.</p> -<p class="par">gweheʻ—a cricket’s cry.</p> -<p class="par">Ha!—an introductory exclamation intended to -attract attention or add emphasis; about equivalent to Here! Now!</p> -<p class="par">Haʻ-maʻmaʻ—a song term compounded -of ha! an introductory exclamation, and mamaʻ, a word which has no -analysis, but is used in speaking to young children to mean “let -me carry you on my back.”</p> -<p class="par">Hanging-maw—see Uskwaʻli-guʻta.</p> -<p class="par">haʻnia-lilʻ-lilʻ—an unmeaning dance -refrain.</p> -<p class="par">Hard-mush—see Gatunʻwali.</p> -<p class="par">haʻtlu—dialectic form, gaʻtsu, -“where?” (interrogative).</p> -<p class="par">haʻwiyeʻehiʻ, -haʻwiyeʻhyuweʻ—unmeaning dance refrains.</p> -<p class="par">hayuʻ—an emphatic affirmative, about -equivalent to “Yes, sir.”</p> -<p class="par">hayuyaʻhaniwaʻ—an unmeaning refrain in -one of the bear songs.</p> -<p class="par">he-e!—an unmeaning song introduction.</p> -<p class="par">Hemp-carrier—see Taleʻdanigiʻski.</p> -<p class="par">Hemptown—see Gatunltiʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">hi!—unmeaning dance exclamation.</p> -<p class="par">Hickory-log—see Waneʻ-asunʻtlunyi.</p> -<p class="par">hiʻginaʻlii—“(you are) my -friend”; afinaʻlii, “(he is) my friend.” In -white man’s jargon, canaly.</p> -<p class="par">Hightower—see Iʻtawaʻ.</p> -<p class="par">hilaʻgu?—how many? how much? (Upper dialect); -the Middle dialect form is hunguʻ. <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb231" href="#pb231" name="pb231">231</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">hilahiʻyu—long ago; the final yu makes it -more emphatic.</p> -<p class="par">hiʻlunnu—“(thou) go to sleep”; -from tsiʻlihuʻ, “I am asleep.”</p> -<p class="par">hiʻski—five; cf. Mohawk wisk. The Cherokee -numerals including 10 are as follows: saʻgwu, taʻli, -tsaʻi, nunʻgi, hiʻski, suʻtali, gul kwaʻgi, -tsuneʻla, askaʻhi</p> -<p class="par">Hiwassee—Ayuhwaʻsi.</p> -<p class="par">hiʻyaguʻwe—an unmeaning dance -refrain.</p> -<p class="par">Houston, Samuel—see Kaʻlanu.</p> -<p class="par">huhu—the yellow-breasted chat, or yellow mocking -bird (<i lang="la">Icteria virens</i>); the name is an onomatope.</p> -<p class="par">hunyahuʻska—“he will die.”</p> -<p class="par">hwiʻlahiʻ—“thou (must) -go.”</p> -<p class="par">Iauʻnigu—an important Cherokee settlement, -commonly known to the whites as Seneca, formerly on Keowee river, about -the mouth of Conneross creek, in Oconee county, S. C. Hopewell, the -country seat of General Pickens, where the famous treaty was made, was -near it on the east side of the river. The word cannot be translated, -but has no connection with the tribal name, Seneca.</p> -<p class="par">igaguʻti—daylight. The name is sometimes -applied to the ulunsuʻti (q. v.) and also to the clematis -vine.</p> -<p class="par">iʻhya—the cane reed (<i lang= -"la">Arundinaria</i>) of the Gulf states, used by the Indians for -blow-guns, fishing rods and basketry.</p> -<p class="par">ihyaʻga—see atsilʻsunti.</p> -<p class="par">inaduʻ—snake.</p> -<p class="par">Iʻnadu-naʻi—“Going snake,” a -Cherokee chief prominent about eighty years ago. The name properly -signifies that the person is “going along in company with a -snake,” the verbal part being from the irregular verb -astaʻi, “I am going along with him.” <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb232" href="#pb232" name="pb232">232</a>]</span>The -name has been given to a district of the present Cherokee Nation.</p> -<p class="par">iʻnageʻhi—dwelling in the wilderness, an -inhabitant of the wilderness; from iʻnageʻi -“wilderness,” and ehi, habitual present form of ehu, -“he is dwelling”; geʻu, “I am -dwelling.”</p> -<p class="par">Iʻnage-utasunʻhi—“he who grew up -in the wilderness,” i. e., “He who grew up wild”; -from iʻnageʻi, “wilderness, unoccupied timber -land,” and utasunʻhi, the third person perfect of the -irregular verb gaʻtunskuʻ, “I am growing up.”</p> -<p class="par">Inaʻli—Black-fox; the common red fox in -tsuʻla (in Muscogee, chula). Black-fox was principal chief of the -Cherokee Nation in 1810.</p> -<p class="par">Iskagua—Name for “Clear Sky,” formerly -“Nenetooyah or the Bloody Fellow.” The name appears thus in -a document of 1791 as that of a Cherokee chief frequently mentioned -about that period under the name of “Bloody Fellow.” In one -treaty it is given as “Eskaqua or Bloody Fellow.” Both -forms and etymologies are doubtful, neither form seeming to have any -reference either to “sky” (galunʻlahi) or -“blood” (giʻga). The first may be intended for -Ik-eʻgwa, “Great day.”</p> -<p class="par">Istanare—see Ustanaʻli.</p> -<p class="par">Itaba—see Iʻtawaʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Itaguʻnahi—the Cherokee name of John Ax.</p> -<p class="par">Iʻtawaʻ—The name of one or more Cherokee -settlements. One, which existed until the Removal in 1838, was upon -Etowah river, about the present Hightower, in Forsyth county, Ga. -Another may have been on Hightower creek of Hiwassee river in Towns -county, Ga. The name, commonly written Etowah and corrupted to -Hightower, cannot <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb233" href="#pb233" -name="pb233">233</a>]</span>be translated and seems not to be of -Cherokee origin. A town, called Itaba, Ytaun or Ytava in the De Soto -chronicles, existed in 1540 among the Creeks, apparently on Alabama -river.</p> -<p class="par">Itsaʻti—commonly spelled Echota, Chota, -Chote, Choquata (misprint), etc.; a name occurring in several places in -the old Cherokee country; the meaning is lost. The most important -settlement of this name, frequently distinguished as Great Echota, was -on the south side of Little Tennessee. It was the ancient capital and -sacred “Peace town” of the Nation. Little Echota was on -Sautee (i. e., Itsʻti) creek, a head stream of the Chattahoochee, -west of Clarksville, Ga. New Echota, the capital of the Nation for some -years before the Removal, was established at a spot originally known as -Gansaʻgi (q. v.) at the junction of the Oostanaula and Canasauga -rivers, in Gordon county, Ga. It was sometimes called Newton. The old -Macedonia mission on Soco creek, of the N. C. reservation, is also -known as Itasʻti to the Cherokee, as was also the great Nacoochee -mound. See Nagutsiʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Itseʻyi—“New green place” or -“Place of fresh green,” from itseʻhi, “green or -unripe vegetation,” and yi, the locative; applied more -particularly to a tract of ground made green by fresh springing -vegetation, after having been cleared of timber or burned over. A name -occurring in several places in the Old Cherokee country, variously -written Echia, Echoee, Etchowee, and sometimes also falsely rendered -“Brasstown,” from a confusion of Itseʻyi with -untsaiyiʻ, “brass.” One settlement of this name was -upon Brasstown creek of Tugaloo river, in Oconee county, S. C.; another -was <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb234" href="#pb234" name= -"pb234">234</a>]</span>on Little Tennessee river near the present -Franklin, Macon county, N. C., and probably about the junction of -Cartoogaja (Gatug-itseʻyi) creek; a third, known to the whites as -Brasstown, was on upper Brasstown creek of Hiwassee river, in Towns -county, Ga. In Cherokee, as in most other Indian languages, no clear -distinction is made between green and blue.</p> -<p class="par">iʻya—pumpkin.</p> -<p class="par">iʻyaʻ-iuyʻsti—“like a -pumpkin,” from <span class="corr" id="xd23e8482" title= -"Source: iya">iʻya</span> and iyuʻsti, like.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="corr" id="xd23e8486" title= -"Source: iyaʻ-tawiʻskage">iʻyaʻ-tawiʻskage</span>—“of -pumpkin smoothness,” from iʻya, pumpkin, and -tawiʻskage, smooth.</p> -<p class="par">Jackson—see Tsekʻsiniʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Jessan—see Tsesaʻni.</p> -<p class="par">Jesse Reid—see Tseʻsi-Skaʻtsi.</p> -<p class="par">Joanna Bald—see Diyaʻhaliʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Joara, Juada—see Aniʻ-Sawaʻli.</p> -<p class="par">John—see Tsaʻni.</p> -<p class="par">John Ax—see Itaguʻnahi.</p> -<p class="par">Jolly, John—see Anuʻludeʻgi.</p> -<p class="par">Junaluska—see Tsunuʻlahunʻski.</p> -<p class="par">Jutaculla—see Tsulkaluʻ.</p> -<p class="par">kaʻguʻ—crow; the name is an -onomatope.</p> -<p class="par">Kagunʻyi—“Crow place,” from -kaʻguʻ, and yi, locative.</p> -<p class="par">kaʻi—grease, oil.</p> -<p class="par">Kalaʻasunʻyi—“where he fell -off,” from tsilaʻaskuʻ, “I am falling off,” -and yi, locative. A cliff near Cold Spring knob, in Swain county, North -Carolina.</p> -<p class="par">Kaʻlahuʻ—“All-bones,” from -kaʻlu, bone. A former chief of the East Cherokee, also known in -the tribe as Sawanuʻgi. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb235" href= -"#pb235" name="pb235">235</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Kaʻlanu—“The Raven”; the name was -used as a war title in the tribe and appears in the old documents as -Corani (Lower dialect, Kaʻranu) Colonneh, Colona, etc. It is the -Cherokee name for General Samuel Houston or for any person named -Houston.</p> -<p class="par">Kaʻlanu Ahyeliʻski—the Raven Mocker.</p> -<p class="par">Kaʻlanunʻyi—“Raven place,” -from kaʻlanu, raven, and yi, the locative. The proper name of -Big-cove settlement upon the East Cherokee reservation, Swain county, -N. C., sometimes also called Raventown.</p> -<p class="par">kalasʻ-gunahiʻta—“long hams” -(gunahiʻta, “long”); a variety of bear.</p> -<p class="par">Kal-detsiʻyunyi—“where the bones -are,” from kaʻlu, bone, and detsiʻyunyi, “where -(yi) they (de—plural prefix) are lying.” A spot near the -junction of East Buffalo Creek with Cheowa river, in Graham county, N. -C.</p> -<p class="par">kamaʻma—butterfly.</p> -<p class="par">kamaʻma uʻtanu—elephant; literally -“great butterfly,” from the resemblance of the trunk and -ears to the butterfly’s proboscis and wings.</p> -<p class="par">kanahaʻna—a sour corn gruel, much in use -among the Cherokee and other Southern tribes; the tamfuli or “Tom -Fuller” of the Creeks.</p> -<p class="par">kananeʻski—spider; also, from a fancied -resemblance in appearance to a watch or clock.</p> -<p class="par">kananeʻski amayeʻhi—the water -spider.</p> -<p class="par">Kanaʻsta, Kanastunʻyi—a traditional -Cherokee settlement, formerly on the head-waters of the French Broad -river, near the present Brevard, in Transylvania county, North -Carolina. The meaning of the first name is lost. A settlement called -Cannostee <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb236" href="#pb236" name= -"pb236">236</a>]</span>or Cannastion is mentioned as existing on -Hiwassee river in 1776.</p> -<p class="par">kanaʻtaluʻhi—hominy cooked with walnut -kernels.</p> -<p class="par">Kanaʻti—“Lucky Hunter”; a -masculine name, sometimes abbreviated Kanatʻ. The word cannot be -analyzed, but is used as a third person habitual verbal form to mean -“he is lucky, or successful, in hunting”; the opposite is -ukwaʻlegu, “unlucky, or unsuccessful, in hunting.”</p> -<p class="par">kanegwaʻti—the water-moccasin snake.</p> -<p class="par">Kanuga—also written Canuga; a Lower Cherokee -settlement, apparently on the waters of Keowee river, in S. C., -destroyed in 1751; also a traditional settlement on Pigeon river, -probably near the present Waynesville, in Haywood county, N. C. The -name signifies “a scratcher,” a sort of bone-toothed comb -with which ball-players are scratched upon their naked skin preliminary -to applying the conjured medicine; deʻtsinugaʻsku, “I -am scratching it.”</p> -<p class="par">kanuguʻ la (abbreviated nunguʻ -la)—“scratcher,” a generic term for blackberry, -raspberry, and other brier bushes.</p> -<p class="par">Kanuʻgulayi, or -Kanuʻgulunʻyi—“Brier place,” from -kanuguʻla, brier (cf. Kanuʻga); a Cherokee settlement -formerly on Nantahala river, about the mouth of Briertown creek, in -Macon county, N. C.</p> -<p class="par">Kanunʻnawuʻ—pipe.</p> -<p class="par">Kasduʻyi—“Ashes place,” from -kasdu, ashes, and yi, the locative. A modern Cherokee name for the town -of Asheville, Buncombe county, N. C. The ancient name for the same site -is Untaʻkiyastiʻyi, q. v. <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb237" href="#pb237" name="pb237">237</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Katalʻsta—an East Cherokee woman potter, the -daughter of the chief Yanagunʻski. The name conveys the idea of -lending, from tsiyatalʻsta, “I lend it”; -agatalʻsta, “it is lent to him.”</p> -<p class="par">Kawanʻ-uraʻsunyi—(abbreviated -Kawanʻ-uraʻsun in the Lower dialect)—“where the -duck fell,” from kawaʻna, duck, uraʻsa (ulaʻsa), -“it fell,” and yi, locative. A point on Conneross creek -(from Kawanʻ-uraʻsun), near Seneca, in Oconee county, S. -C.</p> -<p class="par">Kawiʻyi (abbreviated Kawiʻ)—a former -important Cherokee settlement commonly known as Cowee, about the mouth -of Cowee creek of Little Tennessee river, some 10 miles below Franklin, -in Macon county, N. C. The name may possibly be a contraction of -Aniʻ-Kawiʻyi, “Place of the Deer clan.”</p> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="table"> -<table> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft cellTop"> -<div class="figure xd23e8574width"><img src="images/p237-1.jpg" alt= -"Occonestee Falls," width="313" height="657"> -<p class="figureHead">Occonestee Falls,</p> -<p class="par first">In Transylvania Co., N. C.</p> -</div> -</td> -<td class="cellRight cellTop"> -<div class="figure xd23e8581width" id="p237-2"><img src= -"images/p237-2.jpg" alt="Linville Falls, N. C." width="320" height= -"648"> -<p class="figureHead">Linville Falls, N. C.</p> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="q"> -<div class="body"> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“O’er the precipice it plunges</p> -<p class="line">Bounds and surges down the steep.”</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -</div> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="2" class="cellLeft cellRight cellBottom"> -<div class="figure xd23e8596width" id="p237-3"><img src= -"images/p237-3.jpg" alt="Lower Fall. Triple Falls. Buck Forest, N.C." -width="646" height="327"> -<p class="figureHead">Lower Fall. Triple Falls. Buck Forest, N.C.</p> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="q"> -<div class="body"> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Then it rushes fast and furious</p> -<p class="line">Into mist and fog and spray.”</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -</div> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<p class="par">Keeowhee—see Keowee.</p> -<p class="par">Kenesaw—see Gansaʻgi.</p> -<p class="par">Keowee—the name of two or more former Cherokee -settlements. One sometimes distinguished as “Old Keowee,” -the principal of the Lower Cherokee towns, was on the river of the same -name, near the present Fort George, in Oconee county, of S. C. Another, -distinguished as New Keowee, was on the head-waters of Twelve-mile -creek, in Pickens county, S. C. According to Wafford the correct form -is Kuwahiʻyi, abbreviated Kuwahiʻ, <span class="corr" id= -"xd23e8615" title="Not in source">“</span>Mulberry-grove -place.” Says Wafford, “the whites murdered the name as they -always do.” Cf. Kuwaʻhi.</p> -<p class="par">Keʻsi-kaʻgamu—a woman’s name, a -Cherokee corruption of Cassie Cockran; kaʻgamu is also the -Cherokee corruption for “cucumber.” <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb238" href="#pb238" name="pb238">238</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Ketoowah—see Kiluʻhwa.</p> -<p class="par">Kittuwa—see Kituʻhwa.</p> -<p class="par">Kituʻhwa—an important ancient Cherokee -settlement formerly upon Tuckasegee river, and extending from above the -junction of Oconaluftee down nearly to the present Bryson City, in -Swain county, N. C. The name, which appears also as Kettooah, Kittoa, -Kittowa, etc., has lost its meaning. The people of this and the -subordinate settlements on the waters of the Tuckasegee were known as -Aniʻ-Kituʻhwagi, and the name was frequently extended to -include the whole tribe. For this reason it was adopted in later times -as the name of the Cherokee secret organization, commonly known to the -whites as the Ketoowah society, pledged to the defense of Cherokee -autonomy.</p> -<p class="par">kiyu ga—ground-squirrel; teʻwa, flying -squirrel; salaʻli, gray squirrel.</p> -<p class="par">Klausuna—see Tlanusiʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Knoxville—see Kuwandaʻta lunʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">ku!—an introductory explanation, to fix attention, -about equivalent to “Now!”</p> -<p class="par">kukuʻ—“cymbling”; also the -“jigger weed,” or “pleurisy root” (<i lang= -"la">Asclepias tuberosa</i>). Coco creek of Hiwassee river, and Coker -post-office, in Monroe county, Tennessee, derive their name from this -word.</p> -<p class="par">Kulsetsiʻyi (abbreviated -Kulseʻtsi)—“Honey-locust place,” from -kulseʻtsi, honey-locust (<i lang="la">Gleditschia</i>) and yi, -locative; as the same word, kulseʻ tsi, is also used for -“sugar,” the local name has commonly been rendered -Sugartown by the traders. The name of several former settlement places -in <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb239" href="#pb239" name= -"pb239">239</a>]</span>the old Cherokee country. One was upon Keowee -river, near the present Fall creek, in Oconee county, S. C.; another -was on Sugartown or Cullasagee (Kulseʻtsi) creek, near the present -Franklin, in Macon county, N. C.; a third was on Sugartown creek, near -the present Morgantown, in Fannin county, Ga.</p> -<p class="par">Kunnesee—see Tsiʻyu-gunsiʻni.</p> -<p class="par">Kunstutsiʻyi—“Sassafras place,” -from kunstuʻtsi, sassafras, and yi, locative. A gap in the Great -Smoky range, about the head of Noland creek, on the line between North -Carolina and Sevier county, Tenn.</p> -<p class="par">kunuʻnu (abbreviated kununʻ)—the -bullfrog; the name is probably an onomatope; the common green frog is -walaʻsi and there are also names for several other varieties of -frogs and toads.</p> -<p class="par">Kusaʻ—Coosa creek, an upper tributary of -Nottely river, near Blairsville, Union county, Georgia. The change of -accent from Kuʻsa (Creek, see Aniʻ-Kuʻsa) makes it -locative.</p> -<p class="par">Kuʻsa-nunnaʻhi—“Creek -trail,” from Kuʻsa, Creek Indian, and Nunnaʻhi, path, -trail; cf. Suwaʻli-nunnaʻhi. A former important Cherokee -settlement, including also a number of Creeks and Shawano, where the -trail from the Ohio region to the creek country crossed Tennessee -river, at the present Guntersville, in Marshall county, Ala. It was -known to the traders as Creek-path, and later as Gunter’s -landing, from a Cherokee mixed-blood named Gunter.</p> -<p class="par">Kuʻswatiʻyi (abbreviated -Kuʻsawetiʻ)—“Old Creek place,” from -Kuʻsa, a Creek Indian (plural Aniʻ-kuʻsa), uweʻti, -old, and yi, locative. Coosawatee, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb240" -href="#pb240" name="pb240">240</a>]</span>an important Cherokee -settlement formerly on the lower part of Coosawatee river, in Gordon -county, Ga. In one document the name appears, by error, -Tensawattee.</p> -<p class="par">Kuwaʻhi—“Mulberry place,” from -kuʻwa, mulberry tree, and hi, locative. Clingman’s dome, -about the head of Deep creek, on the Great Smoky range, between Swain -county, N. C., and Sevier county, Tenn. See also Keowee.</p> -<p class="par">Kuwandaʻta lunʻyi (abbreviated Kuwandaʻta -lun)—“Mulberry grove,” from kuʻwa, mulberry; the -Cherokee name for the present site of Knoxville, in Knox county, -Tenn.</p> -<p class="par">Kwaʻli, Kwalunʻyi—Qualla or Quallatown, -the former agency for the East Cherokee and now a post-office station, -just outside the reservation, on a branch of Soco creek, in Jackson -county, North Carolina. It is the Cherokee form for -“Polly,” and the station was so-called from an old woman of -that name who formerly lived near by; Kwaʻli, “Polly” -Kwalunʻyi, “Polly’s place.” The reservation is -locally known as the Qualla boundary.</p> -<p class="par">kwandayaʻhu—see daʻlikstaʻ.</p> -<p class="par">laʻlu—the jar-fly (<i lang="la">Cicada -auletes</i>).</p> -<p class="par">Little Carpenter, Little Cornplanter—see -Ataʻ-gul kaluʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Long-hair—a Cherokee chief living with his band in -Ohio in 1795. The literal Cherokee translation of -“Long-hair” is Gitluʻgunahiʻta, but it is not -certain that the English name is a correct rendering of the Indian -form. Cf. Aniʻ-Gilaʻhi.</p> -<p class="par">Long Island—see Amaye li-gunahiʻta.</p> -<p class="par">Lookout Mountain Town—see -Dandaʻganuʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Lowrey, Major George—see Agili. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb241" href="#pb241" name="pb241">241</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Mayes, J. B.—see Tsaʻwa Gakʻski.</p> -<p class="par">Memphis—see Tsudaʻtalesunʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Mialaquo—see Amaye l-eʻgwa.</p> -<p class="par">Moses—see Waʻsi.</p> -<p class="par">Moytoy—a Cherokee chief recognized by the English -as “emperor” in 1730. Both the correct form and the meaning -of the name are uncertain; the name occurs again as Moyatoy in a -document of 1793; a boy upon the East Cherokee reservation a few years -ago bore the name of Maʻtayiʻ, for which no meaning can be -found or given.</p> -<p class="par">Mussel Shoals—see Daguʻnahi.</p> -<p class="par">Nacoochee—<span class="corr" id="xd23e8703" title= -"Not in source">see</span> Naʻgu tsi.</p> -<p class="par">Naʻduli—known to the whites as Nottely. A -former Cherokee settlement on Nottely river, close to the Georgia line, -in Cherokee county, N. C. The name cannot be translated and has not any -connection with na tu li, “spicewood.”</p> -<p class="par">Naʻgu tsiʻ—a former important settlement -about the junction of Soquee and Santee rivers, in Nacoochee valley, at -the head of Chattahoochee river, in Habersham county, Ga. The meaning -of the word is lost and it is doubtful if it be of Cherokee origin. It -may have some connection with the name of the Uchee Indians. The great -mound farther up Sautee river, in White county, was known to the -Cherokee as Itsaʻti.</p> -<p class="par">nakwisiʻ (abbreviated nakusi)—star; also the -meadow lark.</p> -<p class="par">nakwisiʻ usdiʻ—“little -star”; the puffball fungus (<i lang="la">Lycoperdon?</i>).</p> -<p class="par">Naʻna-tlu gunʻyi (abbreviated Naʻna-tlu -gunʻ, or Naʻna-tsu gunʻ)—“Spruce-tree -place,” from naʻna, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb242" -href="#pb242" name="pb242">242</a>]</span>spruce, tlu gunʻi, or -tsu gunʻi, a tree (standing) and yi, locative, 1. A traditional -ancient Cherokee settlement on the site of Jonesboro, Washington -county, Tenn. The name of Nolichucky river is probably a corruption of -the same word. 2. Nan-tsu gun, a place on Nottely river, close to its -junction with Hiwassee, in Cherokee county, N. C.</p> -<p class="par">Nanehi—see Nunneʻhi.</p> -<p class="par">Nantahala—see Nundayeʻ li.</p> -<p class="par">Nashville—see Daguʻnaweʻlahi.</p> -<p class="par">Natchez—see Aniʻ-Na′tsi.</p> -<p class="par">Nats-asunʻtlunyi (abbreviated <span class="corr" -id="xd23e8732" title= -"Source: Na ts-asunʻtlun">Nats-asunʻtlun</span>)—“Pine-footing -place,” from na′tsi, pine, asunʻtli or -asun-tlunʻi, footlog, bridge, and yi, locative. A former Cherokee -settlement, commonly known as Pinelog, on the creek of the same name, -in Bartow county, Georgia.</p> -<p class="par">na′tsi—pine.</p> -<p class="par">naʻtsikuʻ—“I eat it” -(tsiʻkiuʻ, “I am eating”).</p> -<p class="par">na tu li—spicewood (<i lang="la">Lindera -benzoin</i>).</p> -<p class="par">Nayeʻhi—see Nunneʻhi.</p> -<p class="par">Nayunuwi—see Nunyunuʻwi.</p> -<p class="par">nehanduyanuʻ—a song form for -nehaduʻyanuʻ, an irregular verbal form denoting -“conceived in the womb.”</p> -<p class="par">Nellawgitehi—given as the name of a Lower Cherokee -chief in 1684. The correct form and meaning are both uncertain, but the -final part seems to be the common suffix didiʻ, -“killer.” Cf. Taʻgwadiahiʻ<span class="corr" id= -"xd23e8753" title="Not in source">.</span></p> -<p class="par">Nenetooyah—see Iskagua.</p> -<p class="par">Nequassee—see Kiʻkwasiʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Nettecawaw—see Gatayuʻsti.</p> -<p class="par">Nettle-carrier—see Taleʻdanigiʻski.</p> -<p class="par">New Echota, Newtown—see Itsaʻti.</p> -<p class="par">Nickajack—see Nikutseʻgi. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb243" href="#pb243" name="pb243">243</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Nicotani—see Aniʻ-Kutaʻni.</p> -<p class="par">Nikwasiʻ (or Nikwsiʻ)—an important -ancient settlement on Little Tennessee river, where now is the town of -Franklin, in Macon county, N. C. A large mound marks the site of the -town-house. The name appears in old documents as Nequassee, Nucassee, -etc. Its meaning is lost.</p> -<p class="par">Nikutseʻgi (also Nukatseʻgi, Nikwatseʻgi, -or abbreviated Nikutsegʻ)—Nickajack, an important Cherokee -settlement, about 1790, on the south bank of Tennessee river, at the -entrance of Nickajack creek, in Marion county, Tenn. One of the Five -Chickamauga towns (see Tsikamaʻgi). The meaning of the word is -lost and it is probably not of Cherokee origin, although it occurs also -in the tribe as a man’s name. In the corrupted form of -“Nigger Jack,” it occurs also as the name of a creek of -Cullasaja river above Franklin, in Macon county, N. C.</p> -<p class="par">Nilaque—see Amaye l-eʻgwa.</p> -<p class="par">Nolichucky—see Naʻna-tlugunʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Notchy—a creek entering Tellico river, in Monroe -county, Tenn. The name evidently refers to Natchez Indian refugees, who -formerly lived in the vicinity (see Aniʻ-Na′tsi).</p> -<p class="par">Nottely—see Naʻduliʻ.</p> -<p class="par">nu—used as a suffix to denote “and,” -or “also”; uʻle-nu, “and also” -naʻski-nuʻ, “and that,” “that -also.”</p> -<p class="par">Nucassee—see Nikwasiʻ.</p> -<p class="par">nuʻdunneluʻ—he did so and so: an -irregular form apparently connected with the archaic forms -adunniʻga, <span class="corr" id="xd23e8790" title= -"Source: ” ">“</span>it has just become so,” and -udunnu, “it is matured, or finished.”</p> -<p class="par">Nugatsaʻni—a ridge sloping down to -Oconaluftee river, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb244" href="#pb244" -name="pb244">244</a>]</span>below Cherokee, in Swain county, N. C. An -archaic form denoting a high ridge with a long gradual slope.</p> -<p class="par">nuʻna—potato; the name was originally applied -to the wild “pig potato” (<i lang="la">Phaseolus</i>), now -distinguished as muʻna igatehi, “swamp-dwelling -potato.”</p> -<p class="par">nunʻda—the sun or moon, distinguished as -unuʻdaʻ igeʻhi, nunʻdaʻ “dwelling in the -day,” and nunʻdaʻ sunnaʻyehi, nunʻda -“dwelling in the night.” In the sacred formulas the moon is -sometimes called Ge yaguʻga, or Suʻtalidihi, -“Six-keller,” names apparently founded upon myths now -lost.</p> -<p class="par">nunʻdaʻ-dikani—a rare bird formerly seen -occasionally in the old Cherokee country, possibly the little blue -heron (<i lang="la">Floridus cerulea</i>). The name seems to mean -“it looks at the sun,” i. e., “sun-gazer,” from -nunʻdaʻ, sun, and daʻka naʻ or detsiʻka na, -“I am looking at it.”</p> -<p class="par">Nundaweʻgi—see Aniʻ-Nundaweʻgi.</p> -<p class="par">Nunʻdaye li—“Middle (i. e., Noonday) -sun,” from nundaʻ, <span class="corr" id="xd23e8814" title= -"Source: sen">sun</span> and aye li, middle; a former Cherokee -settlement on Nantahala river, near the present Jarrett station, in -Macon county, N. C., so-called from the high cliffs which shut out the -view of the sun until nearly noon. The name appears also as Nantahala, -Nantiyallee, Nuntialla, etc. It appears to have been applied properly -only to the point on the river where the cliffs are most perpendicular, -while the settlement itself was known as Kanuʻgu laʻyi, -“Briertown,” q. v.</p> -<p class="par">Nunʻdagunʻyi, Nundaʻyi—the Sun -land, or east; from nunʻdaʻ, sun, and yi, locative. Used in -the sacred formulas instead of diʻgalungunʻyi<span class= -"corr" id="xd23e8819" title="Source: .">,</span> “where it -rises,” the common word. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb245" -href="#pb245" name="pb245">245</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">nunʻgi—four. See hiʻski.</p> -<p class="par">nungu la—see kanuguʻ la.</p> -<p class="par">nunnaʻhi (abbreviated nunna)—a path, trail or -road.</p> -<p class="par">Nunnaʻhi-dihiʻ (abbreviated -Nunʻna-dihiʻ)—“Path-killer,” literally, -“he kills (habitually) in the path,” from nunʻnahi, -path, and ahihiʻ, “he kills” (habitually); “I am -killing,” tsiʻihuʻ. A principal chief, about the year -1813. Major John Ridge was originally known by the same name, but -afterward took the name, Gununʻda leʻgi, “One who -follows the ridge,” which the whites made simply ridge.</p> -<p class="par">Nunnaʻhi-tsuneʻga (abbreviated) -Nunna-tsuneʻga—<span class="corr" id="xd23e8833" title= -"Not in source">“</span>white-path,” from nunnaʻhi, -path, and tsuneʻga, plural of uneʻga, white; the form is the -plural, as is common in Indian names, and has probably a symbolic -reference to the “white” or peaceful paths spoken of in the -opening invocation at the green corn dance. A noted chief who led the -conservative party about 1828.</p> -<p class="par">Nunneʻhi (also Gunneʻhi; singular -Nayeʻhi)—a race of invisible spirit people. The name is -derived from the verb eʻhuʻ, “I dwell, I live,” -eʻhiʻ, “I dwell habitually,” and may be rendered -“dwellers anywhere,” or “those who live -anywhere,” but implies having always been there, i. e., -“Immortals.” It has been spelled Nanehi and Nuhnayie by -different writers. The singular form Nayeʻhi occurs also as a -personal name, about equivalent to Edaʻhi, “One who goes -about.”</p> -<p class="par">Nuniyuʻsti—“potato-like,<span class= -"corr" id="xd23e8841" title="Not in source">”</span> from -nuʻna, potato, and iyuʻsti, like. A flowering vine with -tuberous root somewhat resembling the potato. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb246" href="#pb246" name="pb246">246</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Nunyuʻ—rock, stone.</p> -<p class="par">Nunyuʻ-gunwamʻski—“Rock that -talks,” from nunyuʻ, rock, and tsiwaʻnihu, “I am -talking.” A rock from which Talking-rock creek of Coosawatee -river, in Georgia, derives its name.</p> -<p class="par">Nunʻyunuʻwi—contracted from -Nunyu-unuʻwi. “Stone-clad,” from nunyu, rock, and -agwaunʻwu, “I am clothed or covered.” A mythic -monster, invulnerable by reason of his stony skin. The name is also -applied sometimes to the stinging ant, dasuntali atatsunski, q. v. It -has also been spelled Nayunuwi.</p> -<p class="par">Nunyuʻ-tlu guni (or Nunyu-tsu -gunʻi)—“Tree-rock,” a notable rock on Hiwassee -river, just within the N. C. line.</p> -<p class="par">Nunyuʻ-twiʻska—“Slick rock,” -from nunyuʻ, rock, and twiska, smooth, slick; the form remains -unchanged for the locative. 1. Slick-rock creek, entering Little -Tennessee river just within the west line of Graham county, N. C. 2. A -place at the extreme head of Brasstown creek of Hiwassee river, in -Towns county, Ga.</p> -<p class="par">Ocoee—see Uwagaʻhi.</p> -<p class="par">Oconaluftee—see Egwanul ti.</p> -<p class="par">Oconee—see Ukwuʻnu.</p> -<p class="par">Oconostota—see Aganstaʻta.</p> -<p class="par">Old Tassel—see Utsiʻdsataʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Ooltewah—see Ultiwaʻi.</p> -<p class="par">Oostinaleh—see Uʻstanaʻli.</p> -<p class="par">Oothealoga—see Uyʻgilaʻgi.</p> -<p class="par">Otacite, Otassite—see Outacity.</p> -<p class="par">Otari, Otariyatiqui—mentioned as a place, -apparently on the Cherokee frontier, visited by Pardo in <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb247" href="#pb247" name= -"pb247">247</a>]</span>1567. Otari seems to be the Cherokee atari or -atali, mountain, but the rest of the word is doubtful.</p> -<p class="par">Ottare—see aʻtali.</p> -<p class="par">Owasta—given as the name of a Cherokee chief in -1684; the form cannot be identified.</p> -<p class="par">Ougillogy—see Uyʻgilaʻgi.</p> -<p class="par">Outacity—given in documents as the name or title -of a prominent Cherokee chief about 1720. It appears also as Otacite, -Ottassite, Outassatah, Wootassite and Wrosetasatow (!), but the form -cannot be identified, although it seems to contain the personal name -suffix dihaʻ, “killer.” Timberlake says: “There -are some other honorary titles among them, conferred in reward of great -actions; the first of which is Outacity or “Man-killer,” -and the second Colona or “The Raven.”</p> -<p class="par">Outassatah—see Outacity.</p> -<p class="par">Owassa—see Ayuhwaʻsi.</p> -<p class="par">Paint-town—see Aniʻ-Waʻdihiʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Path-killer—see Nunaʻhi-dihiʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Phoenix, Cherokee—see -Tsuleʻhisanunʻhi.</p> -<p class="par">Pigeon River—see Wayi.</p> -<p class="par">Pine Indians—see Aniʻ-Na′tsi.</p> -<p class="par">Pinelog—see Na ts-asunʻtlunyi.</p> -<p class="par">Qualatchee—a former Cherokee settlement on the -headwaters of the Chattahoochee river in Georgia; another of the same -name was upon the waters of Keowee river in S. C. The correct form is -unknown.</p> -<p class="par">Qualla—see Kwali.</p> -<p class="par">Quaxule—see Guaxule. <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb248" href="#pb248" name="pb248">248</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Quinahaqui—a place, possibly in the Cherokee -country, visited by Pardo in 1567. The form cannot be identified.</p> -<p class="par">Quoneashee—see Tlanusiʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Rattlesnake Springs—see Utsanatiyi.</p> -<p class="par">Rattling-Gourd—see Ganseti.</p> -<p class="par">Raventown—see Kalanunʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Red Clay—see Elawaʻdiyi.</p> -<p class="par">Reid, Jesse—see Tseʻsi-Skaʻtsi.</p> -<p class="par">Ridge, Major John—see -Nunnaʻhi-dihiʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Ross, John—see Guʻwisguwiʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Ross' Landing—see Tsatanuʻgi.</p> -<p class="par">Sadayiʻ—a feminine name, the proper name of -the woman known to the whites as Annie Ax; it cannot be translated.</p> -<p class="par">Sagwaʻhi, or Sagwunʻyi—“One -place,” from saʻgwu, one, and hi or yi, locative. Soco creek -of Oconaluftee river, on the East Cherokee reservation, in Jackson -county, N. C. No satisfactory reason is given for the name, which has -its parallel in Tsaskaʻhi, “Thirty place,” a local -name in Cherokee county, N. C.</p> -<p class="par">saʻgwaltʻ—horse; from asagwalihu, a pack -or burden, asagwal luʻ; “there is a pack on him.”</p> -<p class="par">saʻgwali diguʻlanahiʻta—mule; -literally “long-eared horse,” from saʻgwali, horse, -and diguʻlanahiʻta, q. v.</p> -<p class="par">saikwaʻyi—bear-grass (<i lang= -"la">Erynigium</i>) also the greensnake, on account of a fancied -resemblance; the name of a former Cherokee settlement on Sallacoa creek -of Coosawatee river, in Gordon county, Ga. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb249" href="#pb249" name="pb249">249</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Sakwiʻyi (or Sukiʻyi; abbreviated Sakwiʻ -or Sukiʻ)—a former settlement on Soquee river, a head stream -of Chattahoochee, near Clarksville, Habersham county, Ga. Also written -Saukee and Sookee. The name has lost its meaning.</p> -<p class="par">salaʻli—squirrel; the common gray squirrel; -other varieties are kiyu ga, the ground squirrel, and tewa, the flying -squirrel; Salaʻli was also the name of an East Cherokee inventor -who died a few years ago; Salaʻlaniʻtaʻ -“Young-squirrels,” is a masculine personal name on the -reservation.</p> -<p class="par">saliguʻgi—turtle, the common water turtle; -soft-shell turtle, uʻlanaʻwa; land tortoise or terrapin, -tuksiʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Saʻnigilaʻgi (abbreviated San -gilaʻgi)—Whiteside mountain, a prominent peak of the Blue -Ridge, southeast from Franklin, Macon county, N. C. It is connected -with the tradition of Utlunʻta.</p> -<p class="par">Santeetla—the present map name of a creek joining -Cheiwa river in Graham county, N. C., and of a smaller tributary -(Little Santeetla). The name is not recognized or understood by the -Cherokee, who insist that it was given by the whites. Little Santeetla -is known to the Cherokee as Tsundaniltiʻyi, q. v.; the modern -Santeetla creek is commonly known as Nayuʻhigeyunʻi, -“Sand-place stream,” from “Nuyuʻhi, “Sand -place” (nayu, sand), a former settlement just above the junction -of the two creeks.</p> -<p class="par">Sara—see Aniʻ-Suwaʻli.</p> -<p class="par">Saʻsaʻ—goose; an onomatope.</p> -<p class="par">Sautee—see Itsaʻti.</p> -<p class="par">Savannah—the popular name of this river is derived -from that of the Shawano Indians, formerly living upon its middle -course, and known to the Cherokee as <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb250" href="#pb250" name= -"pb250">250</a>]</span>AniʻSwanuʻgi, q. v., to the Creeks as -Savanuka, and to some of the coast tribes of Carolina as Savanna. In -old documents the river is also called Isundiga, from Isuʻnigu or -Seneca, q. v., an important former Cherokee settlement upon its upper -waters.</p> -<p class="par">Sawanuʻgi—“Shawano” (Indian); a -masculine personal name upon the East Cherokee reservation and -prominent in the history of the band. See AniʻSawanuʻgi and -Kaʻlahuʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Sawnook—see Kaʻlahuʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Sehwateʻyi—“Hornet place,” from -seʻhwatu, hornet, and yi, locative. Cheowa Maximum and Swim Bald, -adjoining bald peaks at the head of Cheowa river, Graham county, N. -C.</p> -<p class="par">selu—corn; sometimes called in the sacred formulas -Agaweʻla, “The Old Woman.”</p> -<p class="par">sel-utsiʻ (for -selu-utsiʻ)—“corn’s mother,” from selu, -corn, and utsiʻ, his mother (etsiʻ or agitsiʻ, my -mother); the bead-corn or Job’s-tears (<i lang="la">Coix -lacryma</i><span class="corr" id="xd23e8979" title= -"Source: .)">).</span></p> -<p class="par">Seneca—see Aniʻ-Nunʻdaweʻgi (Seneca -tribe), and Isuʻnigu. (Seneca town.)</p> -<p class="par">Sequatchee—see Siʻgwetsiʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Sequoya—see Sikwayi.</p> -<p class="par">Setsi—a mound and traditional Cherokee settlement -on the south side of the Valley river, about three miles below -Valleytown, in Cherokee county, N. C.; the name has lost its meaning. A -settlement called Tasetsi (Tassetchie in some old documents) existed on -the extreme head of Hiwassee river, in Towns county, Ga.</p> -<p class="par">Sevier—see Tsanʻ-usdiʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Shoe-boots—see Daʻsi giyaʻgi. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb251" href="#pb251" name= -"pb251">251</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Shooting creek—see Duʻstayalunʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Siʻgwetsiʻ—a traditional Cherokee -settlement on the south bank of French Broad river, not far from -Knoxville, Knox county, Tenn. Near by was the quarry from which it is -said the stone for the white peace pipes was obtained. Swquatchee, the -name of the river below Chattanooga, in Tenn., is probably a corruption -of the same word.</p> -<p class="par">siʻdwa—hog; originally the name of the -opossum, now distinguished as siʻkwa utsetʻsti, q. v.</p> -<p class="par">siʻkwa utsetʻsti—opossum; literally -“grinning hog,” from siʻkwa, hog, and utsetʻsti, -“he grins” (habitually).</p> -<p class="par">Sikwaʻyi—a masculine name, commonly written -Sequoya, made famous as that of the inventor of the Cherokee alphabet. -The name, which cannot be translated, is still in use upon the East -Cherokee reservation.</p> -<p class="par">Sikwiʻa—a masculine name, the Cherokee -corruption for Sevier. See also Tsan-usdiʻ.</p> -<p class="par">sinnawah—see tlaʻnuwa.</p> -<p class="par">Siʻtikuʻ (or suʻtaguʻ, in dialectic -form)—a former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river, at -the entrance of Citico creek, in Monroe county, Tenn. The name, which -cannot be translated, is commonly spelled Citico, but appears also as -Sattiquo<span class="corr" id="xd23e9012" title="Source: .">,</span> -Settico, Settacoo, Sette, Sittiquo, etc.</p> -<p class="par">siyuʻ—see aʻsiyuʻ.</p> -<p class="par">skintaʻ—for skinʻtaguʻ, understood -to mean “put a new tooth into my jaw.” The word cannot be -analyzed, but is derived from gantkaʻ (ganta ga in a dialectic -form) a tooth in place; a tooth detached is kayu ga.</p> -<p class="par">Skwanʻ-digu gunʻyi (for Askwanʻ-digu -gunʻyi<span class="corr" id="xd23e9022" title= -"Not in source">)</span>—“where the Spaniard is in the -water” (or other liquid). A place on Upper Soco creek, on the -reservation in Jackson county, N. C. <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb252" href="#pb252" name="pb252">252</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Slick Rock—see Nunyuʻtawiʻska.</p> -<p class="par">Smith, N. J.—see Tsaladihiʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Snowbird—see Tutiʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Soco creek—see Sagwaʻhi.</p> -<p class="par">Soco Gap—see Ahaluʻna.</p> -<p class="par">Soquee—see Sakwiʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Spray, H. W.—see Wilsiniʻ.</p> -<p class="par">spring-frog—see Duʻstuʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Standing Indian—see Yunwi-tsulenunʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Stand Watie—see Deʻgataga.</p> -<p class="par">Stekoa—see Stikaʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">steʻtsi—“your daughter”; -literally, “your offspring”; agweʻtsi, “my -offspring”; uweʻtsi, “his offspring”; to -distinguish sex it is necessary to add asgaʻya, “man” -or ageʻhya, “woman.”</p> -<p class="par">Stikaʻyi (variously spelled Stecoe, Steecoy, -Stekoah, Stickoey, etc.)—the name of several former Cherokee -settlements: 1. Sticoa creek, near Clayton, Babun county, Ga.; 2. on -Tuckasegee river at the old Thomas homestead just above the present -Whittier, in Swain county, N. C.; 3. on Stekoa creek of Little -Tennessee river, a few miles below the junction of Nantahala, in Graham -county, N. C.</p> -<p class="par">Stringfield—see Tlageʻsi.</p> -<p class="par">stugiʻsti, stuiʻski—a key.</p> -<p class="par">Suck, The—see Unʻtiguhiʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Sugartown—see Kulseʻtsiʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">suʻnawaʻ—see tlaʻnuwa.</p> -<p class="par">sunestlaʻta—“split noses”; see -tsunu liyuʻ sunestlaʻta.</p> -<p class="par">sungi—mink; also onion; the name seems to refer to -a smell; the various minks are called generically, gaw sunʻgi.</p> -<p class="par">Sukiʻyi—another form of Sakwiʻyi, q. -v.</p> -<p class="par">suʻliʻ—buzzard; the Creek name is the -same. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb253" href="#pb253" name= -"pb253">253</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Sun Land—see Nundaʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">suʻsaʻ-saiʻ—an unmeaning song -refrain.</p> -<p class="par">suʻtalidihiʻ—see nunʻdaʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Suwaʻli-nunnaʻhi (abbreviated -Suwaʻli-nunnaʻhi)—“Suwali train,” the -proper name for the gap at the head of Swannanoa (from -Suwaʻli-Nunʻnaʻ) river east of Asheville, in Buncombe -county, N. C.</p> -<p class="par">Suwaʻni—a former Cherokee settlement on -Chattahoochee river, about the present Suwanee, in Gwinnett county, Ga. -The name has no meaning in the Cherokee language and is said to be of -Creek origin.</p> -<p class="par">Suyeʻta—“the Chosen One,” from -asuyeʻta, “he is chosen,” gasuʻyeu, “I am -choosing”; the same form, suyeʻta, could also mean mixed, -from gasuʻyahu, “I am mixing it.” A masculine name at -present borne by a prominent ex-chief and informant upon the East -Cherokee reservation.</p> -<p class="par">Swannanoa—see Wuwaʻli-nunnaʻhi.</p> -<p class="par">Swim Bald—see Sehwateʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Swimmer—see Ayunʻini.</p> -<p class="par">tadeyaʻstatakuhiʻ—“we shall see -each other.”</p> -<p class="par">Tae-keo-ge—see Ta skiʻgi.</p> -<p class="par">taʻgu—the June-bug (<i lang="la">Allorhina -nitida</i>), also called tuya-diskalaw tsiski, “one who keeps -fire under the beans.”</p> -<p class="par">Taʻgwa—see Aniʻtaʻgwa.</p> -<p class="par">Taʻgwadihiʻ (abbreviated -Taʻgwadiʻ)—“Catawba-killer,” from -Ataʻgwa or Taʻgwa, <span class="corr" id="xd23e9105" title= -"Not in source">“</span>Cattawba Indian,<span class="corr" id= -"xd23e9108" title="Not in source">”</span> and dihihiʻ, -“he kills them” (habitually), from tsiʻihuʻ. -“I kill.” An old masculine name, still in use upon the East -Cherokee reservation. It was the proper name of the chief known to the -whites about 1790 <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb254" href="#pb254" -name="pb254">254</a>]</span>as “The Glass,” from a -confusion of this name with adakeʻti, glass, or mirror.</p> -<p class="par">Tagwaʻhi—“Catawba place,” from -Ataʻgwa or Taʻgwa, Catawba Indian, and hi, locative. A name -occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country. A settlement -of this name, known to the whites as Toccoa, was upon Toccoa creek, -east of Clarksville, in Habersham county, Ga.; another was upon Toccoa -or Ocoee river, about the present Toccoa, in Fannin county, Ga.; a -third may have been on Persimmon creek, which is known to the Cherokee -as Tagwaʻhi, and enters Hiwassee river some distance below Murphy, -in Cherokee county, N. C.</p> -<p class="par">Tahkeyostee—see Untaʻkiyastiʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Tahlequah—see Talikwaʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Tahchee—see Talikwaʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Takatoka—see Deʻgataʻga.</p> -<p class="par">taʻladuʻ (abbreviated -talduʻ)—twelve, from taʻli, two. Cf. talaʻtu, -cricket.</p> -<p class="par">Taʻlasiʻ—a former Cherokee settlement on -Little Tennessee river about Talassee ford, in Blount county, Tenn. The -name has lost its meaning.</p> -<p class="par">Talassee—see Taʻlasiʻ.</p> -<p class="par">talaʻtu—cricket; sometimes also called -ditaʻstayeʻski (q. v.), “the barber.” Cf. -taʻladuʻ, twelve.</p> -<p class="par">Taleʻdanigiʻski (Utaleʻdanigiʻsi in -a dialectic form)—variously rendered by the whites -“Hemp-carrier,” “Nettle-carrier” or -“flax-toter,” from taleʻta or utaleʻta, flax -(<i lang="la">Linum</i>) or richweed (<i lang="la">Pilea pumila</i>), -and danigiʻski, “he carries them” (habitually). A -former prominent chief on Valley river, in Cherokee county, North -Carolina.</p> -<p class="par">Talihina—given as the name of the Cherokee wife of -Samuel Houston; the form cannot be identified. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb255" href="#pb255" name="pb255">255</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Talikwaʻ (commonly written Tellico, Teliquo or, in -the Indian Territory, Tahlequah)—the name of several Cherokee -settlements at different periods, viz.: 1. Great Tellico, at Tellico -Plains, on Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tenn.; 2. Little Tellico, -on Tellico creek of Little Tennessee river, about ten miles below -Franklin, Macon county, N. C. 3. a town on Valley river, about five -miles above Murphy, in Cherokee county, N. C.; 4. Tahlequah, -established as the capital of the Cherokee Nation, Ind. Ter., in 1839. -The meaning of the name is lost.</p> -<p class="par">Taliʻwa—the site of a traditional battle -between the Cherokee and Creeks about 1755, on Mountain (?) creek of -Etowah river in upper Georgia. Probably not a Cherokee but a Creek name -from the Creek taʻlua or itaʻlua, town.</p> -<p class="par">Talking-rock—see Nunyu-gunwaniʻski.</p> -<p class="par">Tallulah—see Taluluʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Tal-tsuʻskaʻ—“Two-heads,” -from taʻli, two, and tsuʻskaʻ, plural of uskaʻ, -(his) head. A Cherokee chief about the year 1800, known to the whites -as Doublehead.</p> -<p class="par">taluli—pregnant; whence aluliʻ, (she is) -“a mother,” said of a woman.</p> -<p class="par">Taluluʻ (commonly Tallulah, and appearing in old -documents, from the Lower dialect, as Taruraw, Toruro, Turoree, -etc.)—a name occurring in two or more places in the old Cherokee -country, viz.: 1. An ancient settlement on the upper part of Tallulah -river, in Rabun county, Georgia; 2. a town on Tallulah creek of Cheowa -river, in Graham county, N. C. The word is of uncertain etymology. The -duluʻsi frog is said to cry taluluʻ. The noted <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb256" href="#pb256" name= -"pb256">256</a>]</span>falls upon Tallulah river are known to the -Cherokee as Ugunʻyi, q. v.</p> -<p class="par">Taluntiski—see Ataʻluntiʻski.</p> -<p class="par">Tamaʻli—a name, commonly written Tomotley or -Tomatola, occurring in at least two places in the old Cherokee country, -viz.: 1. On Valley river, a few miles above Murphy, about the present -Tomatola, in Cherokee county, N. C. 2. on Little Tennessee river, about -Tomotley ford, a few miles above Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tenn. -The name cannot be translated, and may be of Creek origin, as that -tribe had a town of the same name upon the lower Chattahoochee -river.</p> -<p class="par">Tanasiʻ—a name which cannot be analyzed, -commonly spelled Tennessee, occurring in several places in the old -Cherokee country, viz.: 1. On Little Tennessee river about half-way -between Citico and Toco creeks, in Monroe county, Tenn. 2. “Old -Tennessee town,” on Hiwassee river, a short distance above the -junction of Ocoee, in Polk county, Tenn. 3. On Tennessee creek, a -head-stream of Tuckasegee river, in Jackson county, N. C. Tanasqui, -visited by Pardo in 1567, may have been another place of the same -name.</p> -<p class="par">Tanasqui—see Tanasiʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Taʻskiʻgi (abbreviated from -Taʻskigiʻyi or Daʻskigiʻyi, the locative yi being -commonly omitted)—a name variously written Tae-keo-ge (misprint), -Tasquiqui, Teeskege, Tuscagee, Tuskegee, etc., derived from that of a -foreign tribe incorporated with the Cherokee, and occurring as a local -name both in the Cherokee and in the Creek country. 1. The principal -settlement of this name was on Little Tennessee river, just above the -junction of <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb257" href="#pb257" name= -"pb257">257</a>]</span>Tellico, in Monroe county, Tenn.; 2. another was -on the north bank of Tennessee river, just below Chattanooga, -Tennessee; 3. another may have been on Tuskegee creek of Little -Tennessee river, near Robbinsville, Graham county, N. C.</p> -<p class="par">Tasquiqui—see Taʻskiʻgi.</p> -<p class="par">Tassel, Old—see Utsiʻdsataʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Tatsiʻ—“Dutch,” also written -Tahchee, a western Cherokee chief about 1830.</p> -<p class="par">Tatsuʻhwa—the redbird.</p> -<p class="par">tawaʻli—punk.</p> -<p class="par"> -Tawaʻli-ukwanunʻti—“Punk-plugged-in,” from -tawaʻli, punk; the Cherokee name of a traditional Shawano -chief.</p> -<p class="par">tawiʻska, tawiʻskage—smooth, slick.</p> -<p class="par">Tawiʻskala—“Flint”; a Cherokee -supernatural, the personification of the rock flint; -tawiʻskalunʻti, <span class="corr" id="xd23e9189" title= -"Source: tawi-skala">tawiʻskala</span>, flint, from tawiʻska, -smooth, slick; cf. Iroquois Tawiskaron.</p> -<p class="par">Tayunksi—a traditional western tribe; the name -cannot be analyzed.</p> -<p class="par">Tellico—see Talikwaʻ.</p> -<p class="par">telunʻlati—the summer grape (<i lang= -"la">Vitis aestivalis</i>).</p> -<p class="par">Tenaswattee—see Kuʻsawetiʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Terrapin—see Tuksiʻ.</p> -<p class="par">tewa—a flying squirrel; salaʻli, gray -squirrel; kiyu ga, ground squirrel.</p> -<p class="par">Thomas, W. H.—see Wil-usdiʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Tikwaliʻtsi—a name occurring in several -places in the old Cherokee country, viz.: 1. Tuckalegee creek, a -tributary of War-Woman creek, east of Clayton, in Rabun county, Ga.; 2. -the Tikiwaliʻtsi of the story, an important town on Tuckasegee -river at the present Bryson <span class="corr" id="xd23e9211" title= -"Source: city">City</span>, in Swain county, N. C. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb258" href="#pb258" name="pb258">258</a>]</span>3. -Tuckalechee cove, on Little river, in Blount county, Tenn., which -probably preserves the aboriginal local name. The name appears in old -documents as Tuckarechee (Lower dialect) and Tuckalegee, and must not -be confounded with Tsiksiʻtsi or Tuckasegee. It cannot be -translated.</p> -<p class="par">Timossy—see Tomassee.</p> -<p class="par">Tlageʻsi—“Field”; the Cherokee -name for Lieutenant-Colonel W. W. Stringfield of Waynesville, N. C., -one of the officers of the Cherokee contingent in the Thomas Legion. It -is an abbreviated rendering of his proper name.</p> -<p class="par">tlageʻsitunʻ—a song form for -tlageʻsia-stunʻi, “on the edge of the field,” -from a stream.</p> -<p class="par">tlaʻmeha—bat (dialectic forms, tsaʻmeha, -tsaʻweha).</p> -<p class="par">tlanuʻsiʻ—leech (dialectic form, -tsanuʻsiʻ).</p> -<p class="par">Tlanusiʻyi (abbreviated -Tlanusiʻ)—“Leech place,” former important -settlement at the junction of Hiwassee and Valley river, the present -site of Murphy, in Cherokee county, N. C.; also a point on Nottely -river, a few miles distant, in the same county. The name appears also -as Clennuse, Klausuna, Quoneashee, etc.</p> -<p class="par">tlaʻnuwa (dialetic forms, tsaʻnuwaʻ, -suʻnawaʻ, “sinnawah”<span class="corr" id= -"xd23e9231" title="Not in source">)</span>—a mythic great -hawk.</p> -<p class="par">tlaʻnuwaʻusdi—“little -tlaʻnuwaʻ”; probably the goshawk (<i lang="la">Astur -atricapillus</i>).</p> -<p class="par">Tlaʻnuwaʻatsi -Yelunʻisunʻyi—“where the Tlaʻnuwa cut it -up,” from tlaʻnuwaʻ, q. v., and -tsiyelunʻiskuʻ, an archaic form for -tsigunilunʻiskuʻ, “I am cutting it up.” A place -on Little Tennessee river, nearly opposite the entrance of Citico -creek, in Blount county, Tenn. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb259" -href="#pb259" name="pb259">259</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Tlaʻnuwaʻi—“Tlaʻnuwa -place,” a cave on the north side of Tennessee river, a short -distance below the entrance of Citico creek, in Blount county, -Tenn.</p> -<p class="par">tlaykuʻ—jay (dialectic form, -tsaykuʻ).</p> -<p class="par">tluntiʻsti—the pheasant (<i lang="la">Bonasa -umbella</i>), called locally grouse or partridge.</p> -<p class="par">tluntuʻtsi—panther (dialectic form, -tsuntuʻski).</p> -<p class="par">tlutluʻ—the martin bird (dialectic form, -tsutsuʻ).</p> -<p class="par">Tocax—a place, apparently in the Cherokee country, -visited by Pardo in 1567. It may possibly have a connection with -Toxaway (see Duksaʻi) or Toccoa (see Tagwaʻhi).</p> -<p class="par">Toccoa—see Tagwaʻhi.</p> -<p class="par">Toco—see Dakwaʻi.</p> -<p class="par">Tollunteeskee—see Ataʻluntiʻski.</p> -<p class="par">Tomassee (also written Timossy and Tymahse)—the -name of two or more former Cherokee settlements, viz.: 1. On Tomassee -creek of Keowee river, in Oconee county, S. C.; 2. On Little Tennessee -river, near the entrance of Burningtown creek, in Macon county, N. C. -The correct form and interpretation are unknown.</p> -<p class="par">Tomatola, Tomotley—see Tamaʻli.</p> -<p class="par">Tooantuh—see Duʻstuʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Toogelah—see Dugiluʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Toqua—see Dakwaʻi.</p> -<p class="par">Toxaway—see Dukasʻi.</p> -<p class="par">Track Rock gap—see -Datsuʻnalasgunʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Tsagaʻsi—a Cherokee sprite.</p> -<p class="par">tsaʻgi—upstream, up the road; the converse of -geʻi.</p> -<p class="par">Tsaiyiʻ—see Untsaiyiʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Tsaʻladihiʻ—Chief N. J. Smith of the -East Cherokee. The name might be rendered “Charley-killer,” -from Tsali, “Charley,” and dihiʻ, “killer” -(in composition), <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb260" href="#pb260" -name="pb260">260</a>]</span>but is really a Cherokee equivalent for -Jarrett (Tsaladiʻ), his middle name, by which he was frequently -addressed. Cf. Tagwadihi.</p> -<p class="par">tsal-agayunʻli—“old tobacco,” -from tsalu, tobacco, and agayunʻli or agayunʻlige, old, -ancient; the <i lang="la"><span class="corr" id="xd23e9292" title= -"Source: Nicoliana">Nicotiana</span> rustica</i> or wild tobacco.</p> -<p class="par">Tsaʻlagiʻ (Tsaʻragiʻ in Lower -dialect)—the correct form of Cherokee.</p> -<p class="par">Tsaʻli—Charley; a Cherokee shot for resisting -the troops at the time of Removal.</p> -<p class="par">tsaliyuʻsti—“tobacco-like,” from -tsalu, tobacco, and iyuʻsti, like; a generic name for the -cardinal-flower, mullein and related species.</p> -<p class="par">tsalu or tsalun (in the Lower dialect, -tsaru)—tobacco; by comparison with kindred forms the other -Iroquoian dialects the meaning “fire to hold in the mouth” -seems to be indicated. Lanman spells it tso-lungh.</p> -<p class="par">tsameha—see tlaʻmeha.</p> -<p class="par">tsaʻnadiskaʻ—for tsandiskaiʻ, -“they say.”</p> -<p class="par">tsanaʻsehaʻiʻ—“so they -say,” “they say about him.”</p> -<p class="par">tsaneʻni—the scorpion lizard; also called -giʻga-danegiʻski, q. v.</p> -<p class="par">Tsani—John.</p> -<p class="par">Tsantawuʻ—a masculine name which cannot be -analyzed.</p> -<p class="par">Tsan-ugaʻsita—“Sour John”; the -Cherokee name for General John Sevier, and also the boy name of the -Chief John Ross, afterward known as Guʻwisguwiʻ, q. v. -Sikwiʻa, a Cherokee attempt at “Sevier,” is a -masculine name upon the East Cherokee reservation.</p> -<p class="par">tsanuʻsiʻ—see tlanuʻsiʻ.</p> -<p class="par">tsaʻnuwaʻ—see tlaʻnuwaʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Tsaʻragiʻ—Cherokee. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb261" href="#pb261" name="pb261">261</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">tsaru—see tsalu.</p> -<p class="par">Tsastaʻwi—a noted hunter formerly living upon -<span class="corr" id="xd23e9331" title= -"Source: Nanatahala">Nantahala</span> river, in Macon county, North -Carolina; the meaning of the name is doubtful.</p> -<p class="par">Tsatanuʻgi (commonly spelled Chattanooga)—the -Cherokee name for some point upon the creek entering Tennessee river at -the city of Chattanooga, in Hamilton county, Tennessee. It has no -meaning in the Cherokee language and appears to be of foreign origin. -The ancient name for the site of the present city is Atlaʻnuwa, q. -v. Before the establishment of the town the place was known to the -whites as Ross' landing, from a store kept there by Lewis Ross, brother -of the chief, John Ross.</p> -<p class="par">Tsatuʻgi (commonly written Chattooga or -Chatuga)—a name occurring in two or three places in the old -Cherokee country, but apparently of foreign origin. Possible Cherokee -derivations are from words signifying respectively “he drank by -sips,” from gatuʻgiaʻ, “I sip,” or -“he has crossed the stream and come out upon the other -side,” from gatuʻgi, “I have crossed,” etc. An -ancient settlement of this name was on Chattooga river, a headstream of -Savannah river, on the boundary between South Carolina and Georgia; -another appears to have been on upper Tellico river, in Monroe county, -Tennessee; another may have been on Chattooga river, a tributary of the -Coosa, in northwestern Georgia.</p> -<p class="par">Tsaʻwa Gakski—Joe Smoker, from Tsawa, -“Joe,” and gakski, “smoker,” from -gaʻgisku, “I am smoking.” The Cherokee name for Chief -Joel B. Mayes, of the Cherokee Nation west. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb262" href="#pb262" name="pb262">262</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Tsawaʻsi—a Cherokee sprite.</p> -<p class="par">tsaʻweha—see tlaʻmeha.</p> -<p class="par">tsay kuʻ—see tlay kuʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Tsekʻsiniʻ—a Cherokee form for the name -of General Andrew Jackson.</p> -<p class="par">Tsesaʻni—Jessan, probably a derivative from -Jesse; a masculine name upon the East Cherokee reservation.</p> -<p class="par">Tseʻsi-Skaʻtsi—“Scotch -Jesse”; Jesse Reid, present chief of the East Cherokee, so-called -because of mixed Scotch ancestry.</p> -<p class="par">tsetsaniʻli—“thy two elder -brothers” (male speaking); “my elder brother” (male -speaking), unginiʻli.</p> -<p class="par">Tsgagunʻyi—“Insect place,” from -tsgaya, insect, and yi, locative. A cave in the ridge eastward from -Franklin, in Macon county, N. C.</p> -<p class="par">tsgaya—insect, worm, etc.</p> -<p class="par">Tsikamaʻgi—a name, commonly spelled -Chickamauga, occurring in at least two places in the old Cherokee -country, which has lost any meaning in Cherokee and appears to be of -foreign origin. It is applied to a small creek at the head of -Chattahoochee river, in White county, Ga., and also to the district -about the southern (not the northern) Chickamauga creek, coming into -Tennessee river, a few miles above Chattanooga, in Hamilton county, -Tenn. In 1777, the more hostile portion of the Cherokee withdrew from -the rest of the tribe, and established here a large settlement, from -which they removed about five years later to settle lower down the -Tennessee, in what were known as the Chickamauga towns or Five Lower -towns. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb263" href="#pb263" name= -"pb263">263</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">tsikiʻ—a word which renders emphatic that -which it follows: as aʻstu, “very good,” astuʻ -tsiki, “best of all.”</p> -<p class="par">tsikikiʻ—the katydid; the name is an -onomatope.</p> -<p class="par">tsiʻkililiʻ—the Carolina chickadee -(<i lang="la">Parus carolinensis</i>); the name is an onomatope.</p> -<p class="par">Tsiksiʻtsi (Tuksiʻtsi is dialectic form; -commonly written Tuckasegee)—1. a former Cherokee settlement -about the junction of the two forks of Tuckasegee, above Webster, in -Jackson county, N. C. (not to be confounded with Tikwaliʻtsi, q. -v.). 2. A former settlement on a branch of Brasstown creek of Hiwassee -river, in Towns county, Ga. The word has lost its meaning.</p> -<p class="par">Tsiʻnawi—a Cherokee wheelwright, perhaps the -first in the Nation to make a spinning-wheel and loom. The name cannot -be analyzed.</p> -<p class="par">tsineʻu—“I am picking it (something -long) up”; in the Lower and Middle dialects, tsinigiʻu.</p> -<p class="par">tsinigiʻu—see tsineʻu.</p> -<p class="par">tsiskaʻgili—the large red crawfish; the -ordinary crawfish is called tsistuʻna.</p> -<p class="par">tsiʻskwa—bird.</p> -<p class="par">tsiskwaʻgwa—robin, from tsiʻskwa, -bird.</p> -<p class="par">Tsiskwaʻhi—“Bird place,” from -tsiʻskwa, bird, and hi, locative. Birdtown settlement on the East -Cherokee reservation, in Swain county, N. C.</p> -<p class="par">tsiskwaʻya—sparrow, literally -“principal bird” (i. e., most widely distributed), from -tsiʻskwa, bird, and ya, a suffix denoting principal or real.</p> -<p class="par">Tsiskwunsdiʻadsistiʻyi—“where they -killed Little-bird,” from Tsiskwunsdi, “little birds” -(plural form.) A place near the head of West Buffalo creek, southeast -of Robbinsville, in Graham county, N. C. <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb264" href="#pb264" name="pb264">264</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Tsilaluʻhi—“Sweet-gum place,” -from tsilaʻluʻ, sweet gum (<i lang="la">Liquidambar</i>) and -hi, locative. A former settlement on a small branch of Brasstown creek -of Hiwassee river, just within the line of Towns county, Ga. The name -is incorrectly rendered Gum-log (creek).</p> -<p class="par">Tsistetsiʻyi—“Mouse place,” from -tsistetsi, mouse, and yi, locative. A former settlement on South Mouse -creek, of Hiwassee river, in Bradley county, Tenn. The present town of -Cleveland, upon the same creek, is known to the Cherokee under the same -name.</p> -<p class="par">tsist-imo ʻgosto—“rabbit foods” -(plural), from tsiʻstu, rabbit, and uniʻgisti, plural of -agiʻsti, food, from tsiyiʻgiu “I am eating” (soft -food). The wild rose.</p> -<p class="par">tsistu—rabbit.</p> -<p class="par">tsistuʻna—crawfish; the large-horned beetle -is also so called. The large red crawfish is called -tsiskaʻgili.</p> -<p class="par">Tsistuʻyi—“Rabbit place,” from -tsistu, rabbit, and yi, locative. 1. Gregory bald, high peak of the -Great Smoky range, eastward from Little Tennessee river, on the -boundary between Swain county, N. C., and Blount county, Tenn. 2. A -former settlement on the north bank of Hiwassee river at the entrance -of Chestua creek, in Polk county, Tenn, The name of Choastea creek of -Tugaloo river, in Oconee county, S. C., is probably also a corruption -from the same word.</p> -<p class="par">Tsiyaʻhi—“Otter place,” from -tsiyu, otter, and yi, locative; variously spelled Cheowa, Cheeowhee, -Chewohe, Chewe, etc. 1. A former settlement on a branch of Keowee -river, near the present Cheohee, Oconee county, S. C. 2. A former and -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb265" href="#pb265" name= -"pb265">265</a>]</span>still existing Cherokee settlement on Cheowa -river, about Robbinsville, in Graham county, N. C. 3. A former -settlement in Cades Cove, on Cove creek, in Blount county, Tenn.</p> -<p class="par">Tsiʻyi-gunsiʻni—“He is dragging a -canoe,” from tsiʻyu, canoe (cf. tsiʻyu) otter, and -gunsiʻni, “he is dragging it.” “Dragging -Canoe,” a prominent leader of the hostile Cherokee in the -Revolution. The name appears in documents as Cheucunsene and -Kunnesee.</p> -<p class="par">Tskil-eʻgwa—“Big-witch,” from -atsikiliʻ, or tskiluʻ, witch, owl, and eʻgwa, big; an -old man of the East Cherokee, who died in 1896. Although translated -Big-witch by the whites, the name is understood by the Indians to mean -Big-owl, having been originally applied to a white man living on the -same clearing, and noted for his large staring eyes.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="corr" id="xd23e9419" title= -"Source: tskili'">tskiliʻ</span> (contracted from -atskiliʻ)—1. witch; 2. the dusky-horned owl (<i lang= -"la">Bubo virginianus saturatus</i>).</p> -<p class="par">tskwaʻyi—the great white heron or American -egret. (<i lang="la">Herodias egretta</i>).</p> -<p class="par">Tsolungh—see tsalu.</p> -<p class="par">Tsudaʻye lunʻyi—“Isolated -place”; an isolated peak near the head of Cheowa river, northeast -of Robbinsville, in Graham county, N. C. The root of the word signifies -detached, or isolated, whence Udaʻye lunʻyi, the Cherokee -outlet, in Ind. Ter.</p> -<p class="par">Tsundaʻtalesunʻyi—“where pieces -fall off,” i. e., where the banks are caving in; from -adataleʻi, “it is falling off,” ts, distance prefix, -“there,” and yi, locative. The Cherokee name for the -present site of Memphis, Tenn., overlooking the Mississippi and -formerly known as the Chickasaw bluff. <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb266" href="#pb266" name="pb266">266</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Tsuʻdinuntiʻyi—“Throwing-down -place”; a former settlement on lower Nantahala river, in Macon -county, N. C.</p> -<p class="par">Tsugiduʻli ulsgiʻsti (from tsugiduʻli, -plural of ugiduli, one of the long wing or tail feathers of a bird, and -ulsgiʻsti or ulsgiʻta, a dance)—the feather or eagle -dance.</p> -<p class="par">Tsukilunnunʻyi—“Where he -alighted”; two bald spots on a mountain at the head of a Little -Snowbird creek, near Robbinsville, Graham county, N. C.</p> -<p class="par">tsungiliʻsi—plural of ungiliʻsi, q. -v.</p> -<p class="par">tsunginiʻsi—plural of unginiʻsi, q. -v.</p> -<p class="par">tsunkinaʻtli—“my younger -brothers” (male speaking).</p> -<p class="par">tsunkitaʻ—“my younger brothers” -(female speaking).</p> -<p class="par">tsula—fox; cf. tsulu, kingfisher and tlutluʻ -or tsulsuʻ, martin. The black fox is inaʻli. The Creek word -for fox is chula.</p> -<p class="par">tsulaʻski—alligator; the name is of uncertain -etymology.</p> -<p class="par">Tsulaʻsinunʻyi—“Footprint -place.” A place on Tuckasee river, about a mile above Deep creek, -in Swain county, N. C.</p> -<p class="par">Tsulaʻwi—see Tsulunweʻi.</p> -<p class="par">Tsuleʻhisanunʻhi—“Resurrected -One,” from diʻgwaleʻhisanunʻhi, “I was -resurrected.” literally, “I was down and have risen.” -Tsaʻlagiʻ, Tsuleʻhisanunhi, the Cherokee title of the -newspaper known to the whites as the Cherokee Phoenix. The Cherokee -title was devised by Worcester and Boudinot as suggesting the idea of -the phoenix of classic fable. The Indian name of the recent -“Cherokee Advocate” is Tsaʻlagi Asdeliʻski.</p> -<p class="par">Tsul kaluʻ—“Slanting-eyes,” -literally “he has them slanting” (or leaning up against -something); the prefix ts makes it a plural form, and the name is -understood <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb267" href="#pb267" name= -"pb267">267</a>]</span>to refer to the eyes, although the word eye -(aktaʻ, plural diktaʻ) is not a part of it. Cf. -Ataʻ-gulkalu. A mythic giant and ruler of the game. The name has -been corrupted to Jutaculla and Tuli-cula. Jutaculla rock and Jutaculla -old fields about the head of Tuckasegee river, in Jackson, North -Carolina, take their name from him.</p> -<p class="par">Tsulkaluʻ tsunegunʻyi—see -Tsunegunʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">tsulieʻna—the nuthatch (<i lang="la">Sitta -carolinensis</i>); the word signifies literally “deaf” (a -plural form referring to the ear, guleʻ) although no reason is -given for such a name.</p> -<p class="par">tsulu—kingfisher. Cf. tsula.</p> -<p class="par">Tsulunweʻi—(abbreviated Tsulunʻwe or -Tsulaʻwi, possibly connected with tsulu, -kingfisher)—Chilhowee creek, a north tributary of Little -Tennessee river, in Blount county, Tennessee.</p> -<p class="par">Tsundaniltiʻyi—“where they demanded the -debt from him”; a place on Little Santeetal river, west of -Robbinsville, in Graham county, North Carolina. The creek also is -commonly known by the same name.</p> -<p class="par">Tsundigeʻwi—“Closed anuses,” -literally “they have them closed,” understood to refer to -the anus; from digeʻwi, plural of geʻwi, closed, stopped up, -blind; cf. Tsulkaluʻ; also Gulisgeʻwi, “Blind, or -closed<span class="corr" id="xd23e9482" title="Source: .">,</span> -ears,” an old personal name.</p> -<p class="par">Tsunʻdigwunʻtski (contracted from -tsunʻdigwuntsugi, “they have them forked,” referring -to the peculiar forked tail; cf. Tsulkaluʻ)—a migratory bird -which once appeared for a short time upon the East Cherokee -reservation, apparently, from the description, the scissortail or -swallow-tailed fly-catcher (<i lang="la">Milvulus forficatus</i>). -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb268" href="#pb268" name= -"pb268">268</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Tsunegunʻyi (sometimes called Tsulkaluʻ -Tsunegunʻyi<span class="corr" id="xd23e9493" title= -"Not in source">)</span>—Tennessee Bald, at the extreme head of -Tuckasegee river, on the east line of Jackson county, North Carolina. -The name seems to mean “there where it is white,” from ts, -a prefix indicating distance, uneʻga, white, and yi, locative.</p> -<p class="par">Tsunilʻ kalu—the plural form for Tsul kalu, -q. v., a traditional giant tribe in the west.</p> -<p class="par">tsunisʻtsahi—“(those) having topnots or -crests,” from ustsahuʻ, “having a topknot,” -ustsahiʻ, “he has a topknot” (habitually).</p> -<p class="par">Tsuniyaʻtiga—“Naked People”; -literally “They are naked there,” from uyaʻtiga, naked -(singular), with the prefix ts, indicating distance. A traditional -western tribe.</p> -<p class="par">tsun-kaʻwi-yeʻ, tsun-sikwa-yaʻ, -tsun-tsuʻla-yaʻ, tsun-waʻya-yaʻ—“I am -(tsun or tsi, verbal prefix) a real (ya, ye, noun suffix) deer” -(kawiʻ, archaic for a wiʻ); opossum, siʻkwa; fox, tsula; -wolf, waya. Archaic song forms.</p> -<p class="par">tsunsdiʻ—contracted from tsunsdiʻga, the -plural of usdiʻga or usdiʻ, small.</p> -<p class="par">Tsunuʻlahunʻski—“He tries, but -fails” (habitually), from detsinuʻlahunʻski (q. v.), -“I tried, but failed.” A former noted chief among the East -Cherokee, commonly known to the whites as Junaluska. In early life he -was called Gulkalaʻski, a name which denotes something habitually -falling from a leaning position (cf. Ata-gul kaluʻ and Tsul -kaluʻ).</p> -<p class="par">tsunuʻ liyuʻsunestlaʻta—“they -have split noses,” (from agwaliyuʻ, “I have it,” -and unestlauʻ, “it is cracked” (as a crack made by the -sun’s heat in a log or in the earth)<span class="corr" id= -"xd23e9511" title="Not in source">)</span>; the initial s makes it -refer to the nose, kayasaʻ. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb269" -href="#pb269" name="pb269">269</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Tsusginaʻi—“the Ghost country,” -from asgiʻna, “ghost,” i, locative, and ts, a prefix -denoting distance. The land of the dead; it is situated in -Usunhiʻyi, the Twilight land, in the west.</p> -<p class="par">Tsutaʻtsinasunʻyi—“Eddy -place.” A place on Cheowa river at the mouth of Cochran creek, in -Graham county, N. C.</p> -<p class="par">tsutsuʻ—see tlutluʻ.</p> -<p class="par">tsuntuʻtsi—see tluntuʻtsi.</p> -<p class="par">tsuwaʻ—the mud-puppy or water dog (<i lang= -"la">Menopoma</i> or <i lang="la">Protonopsis</i>).</p> -<p class="par">Tsuwaʻtelʻda—a contraction of -tsuwaʻteldunʻyi; the name has lost its meaning. Pilot Knob, -north from Brevard, in Transylvania county, N. C.</p> -<p class="par">Tsuwaʻ-uniytsunʻyi—“where the -water-dog laughed.” from tsuwaʻ, q. v., -“water-dog,” uniyeʻtsu, “they laughed” -<span class="corr" id="xd23e9535" title= -"Not in source">(</span>agiyetʻsku, “I am laughing”) -and yi, locative; Tusquittee Bald, near Hayesville, in Clay county, N. -C.</p> -<p class="par">Tsuweʻnahi—A traditional hunter, in -communication with the invisible people. The name seems to mean -“He has them in abundance,” an irregular or archaic form -for Uweʻnai, “he has abundance,” “he is -rich,” from agweʻnaiʻ, “I am rich.” As a -masculine name it is used as the equivalent of Richard.</p> -<p class="par">Tuckalechee—see Tikwahʻtsi.</p> -<p class="par">Tuckasegee—see Tsiksiʻtsi.</p> -<p class="par">Tugaloo—see Dugiluʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">tugaluʻ—the cry of the dagulku, goose.</p> -<p class="par">tugaluʻna—a variety of small fish, about four -inches long, frequenting the larger streams (from galuʻna, a -gourd, on account of its long nose). <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb270" href="#pb270" name="pb270">270</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">tuksiʻ—the terrapin or land tortoise; also -the name of a Cherokee chief about the close of the Revolution. -Saliguʻgi, common turtle; soft-shell turtle, -Uʻlanaʻwa.</p> -<p class="par">Tuksiʻtsi—see Tsiksiʻtsi.</p> -<p class="par">Tuli-cula—see Tsuiʻkaluʻ.</p> -<p class="par">tulskuʻwa—“he snaps with his -head,” from uskaʻ, head; the snapping beetle.</p> -<p class="par">Tunaʻi—a traditional warrior and medicine man -of old Itsaʻti; the name cannot be analyzed.</p> -<p class="par">Turkeytown—see Gun-diʻgaduhunʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Turniptown—see Uʻlunyi.</p> -<p class="par">Tuskegee—see Taʻskiʻgi.</p> -<p class="par">Tusquittee Bald—see -Tsuwaʻ-uniyetsunʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Tusquittee creek—see Daskwitunʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">tuʻsti—for tustiʻga, a small bowl; -larger jars are called diwaʻli and untiʻya.</p> -<p class="par">tuti—snowbird.</p> -<p class="par">Tutiʻyi—“Snowbird place,” from -tuʻti, snowbird, and yi, locative. Little Snow-bird creek of -Cheowa river, in Graham county, N. C.</p> -<p class="par">tuʻtsahyesiʻ—“he will marry -you.”</p> -<p class="par">tuʻya—bean.</p> -<p class="par">tuʻya-diskalawʻstiʻski—see -tiʻgu.</p> -<p class="par">tuʻyahusiʻ—“she will -die.”</p> -<p class="par">Tymahse—see Tomassee.</p> -<p class="par">Uchee—see Aniʻ-Yuʻtsi.</p> -<p class="par">udaʻhaleʻyi—“on the sunny -side.”</p> -<p class="par">udaʻi—the baneberry or cohosh vine (<i lang= -"la">Actaea?</i>). The name signifies that the plant has something long -hanging from it.</p> -<p class="par">udaʻli—“(it is) married”; the -mistletoe, so-called on account of its parasitic habit. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb271" href="#pb271" name="pb271">271</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Uʻdawagunʻta—“Bald.” A bald -mountain of the Great Smoky range, in Yancy county, N. C., not far from -Mount Mitchell.</p> -<p class="par">Udsiʻskala—a masculine name.</p> -<p class="par">ugaʻsita—sour.</p> -<p class="par">uʻgiskaʻ—“he is swallowing -it”; from tsikiuʻ, “I am eating.”</p> -<p class="par">uʻgukuʻ—the hooting or barred owl.</p> -<p class="par">ugunsteʻli (ugunsteʻlu in dialect -form)—the horny-head fish.</p> -<p class="par">Ugunʻyi—Tallulah falls, on the river of that -name, northeast from Clarksville, in Habersham county, Ga. The meaning -of the name is lost.</p> -<p class="par">Uilata—see Uʻtlunʻta.</p> -<p class="par">uk-kuʻsuntsutetiʻ—“it will twist -up one’s arm.”</p> -<p class="par"> -Uk-kuʻsuntsutiʻ—“Bent-bow-shape”; a comic -masculine name.</p> -<p class="par">Uk-kunagiʻsti—“it will draw down -one’s eye.”</p> -<p class="par">Uk-kwunagiʻta—“eye-drawn-down”; a -comic masculine name.</p> -<p class="par">uksuʻhi—the mountain blacksnake or black -racer (<i lang="la">coluber obsoletus</i>); the name seems to refer to -some pecularity of the eye, aktaʻ, uksuhhaʻ, “he has -something lodged in his eye.”</p> -<p class="par">Ukteʻna—“Keen-eyed (?)” from -aktaʻ, eye, aktaʻti, to examine closely. A mythic -great-horned serpent, with a talismanic diadem.</p> -<p class="par">Ukteʻna-tsuganunʻyi—“where the -Uktena got fastened.” A spot on Tuckasegee river, about two miles -above Bryson City, in Swain county, N. C.</p> -<p class="par">Ukwuʻnu (or Ukwuʻni)—a former Cherokee -settlement, commonly known to the whites as Oconee, on Seneca creek, -near the present Walhalla, in Oconee county, S. C. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb272" href="#pb272" name="pb272">272</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Ulaʻguʻ—the mythical original of the -yellow-jacket tribe. The word signifies “leader,” -“boss,” or “principal one,” and is applied to -the first yellow-jacket (dʻskaʻi) seen in the spring, to a -queen bee and to the leader of a working squad.</p> -<p class="par">uʻlanaʻwa—the soft-shell turtle; see -also saliguʻgi and tuksiʻ.</p> -<p class="par">ulasuʻla—moccasin, shoe.</p> -<p class="par">uleʻ—and; uleʻ-nu, and also.</p> -<p class="par">ulskwulteʻgi—a “pound mill,” a -self-acting water-mill used in the Cherokee mountains. The name -signifies that “it butts with its head” (Uskaʻ, head), -in allusion to the way in which the pestles work in the mortar. The -generic word for mill is distʻsti.</p> -<p class="par">ulstitluʻ—literally “it is on his -head.” The diamond crest on the head of the mythic Uktena -serpent. When detached it becomes Ulunsuʻti.</p> -<p class="par">Ultiwaʻi—a former Cherokee settlement above -the present Ooltewah, on the creek of the same name, in James county, -Tenn.</p> -<p class="par">ulunniʻta—domesticated, tame; may be used for -persons as well as animals, but not for plants; for cultivated or -domesticated plants the adjective is gunutlunʻi or -gunusunʻi.</p> -<p class="par">Ulunsuʻti—“Transparent”; the -great talismanic crystal of the Cherokee.</p> -<p class="par">ulunʻta—“it has climbed,” from -tsilahiʻ, “I am climbing”; the poison oak (<i lang= -"la">Rhus radicans</i>).</p> -<p class="par">Uʻlunʻyi—“Tuber place,” from -Uʻliʻ, a variety of edible tuber, and yi, locative. A former -settlement upon Turniptown, (for Uʻlunʻyi) creek, above -Ellijay, in Gilmer county, Ga. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb273" -href="#pb273" name="pb273">273</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Unacala—see Uniʻgadihiʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Uʻnadantiʻyi—“Place where they -conjured,” the name of a gap about three miles east of Webster, -in Jackson county, N. C., and now transferred to the town itself.</p> -<p class="par">unadeʻna—woolly, downy, (in speaking of -animals); uwaʻnu, wool, down, fine fur (detached from the -animal).</p> -<p class="par">uʻnahuʻ—see unahwiʻ.</p> -<p class="par">uʻnahiʻ—heart; in Middle and Lower -dialects, unahuʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Unaka—see uneʻga and Unicoi.</p> -<p class="par">unatlunweʻhitu—“it has spirals”; -a plant (unidentified) used in conjuration.</p> -<p class="par">uneʻga—white.</p> -<p class="par">uneʻguhi—“he is (was) mischievous or -bad”; tsuneʻguhiʻyu, “you are very -mischievous” (said to a child).</p> -<p class="par">uneʻgutsatuʻ—“(he is) -mischievous”; aʻgineʻgutsatuʻ, “I am -mischievous.”</p> -<p class="par">Uneʻlanunʻhi—“The -Apportioner”; “I am apportioning,” -ganeʻlaskuʻ; “I apportion” (habitually), -<span class="corr" id="xd23e9689" title= -"Source: ganelaski">ganeʻlaski</span>. In the sacred formulas a -title of the Sun God; in the Bible the name of God.</p> -<p class="par">uneʻstalun—ice.</p> -<p class="par">Unicoi—the map name of the Unicoi turnpike, of a -gap on the watershed between Chattahoochee and Hiwassee river, in -Georgia, and of a county in Tennessee. Probably a corruption of -uneʻga, white, whence comes also Unaka, the present map name of a -part of the Great Smoky range.</p> -<p class="par">uniʻgisti—foods; singular, agiʻsti.</p> -<p class="par">Unigaʻyataʻtiʻyi—“where they -made a fish trap,” from ugaʻyatunʻi, fish trap, and yi, -locative; a place on <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb274" href="#pb274" -name="pb274">274</a>]</span>Tuckasegee river, at the mouth of Deep -creek, near Bryson City, in Swain county, N. C.</p> -<p class="par">Uniʻhaluna—see Ahaluʻna.</p> -<p class="par">Unikaʻwa—the “Town-house dance,” -so-called because danced inside the town-house.</p> -<p class="par"> -Uneʻga-dihiʻ—“White-man-killer”; from -uneʻga, “white,” for yunʻwuneʻga, -“white person,” and dihiʻ, a noun suffix denoting -“killer<span class="corr" id="xd23e9709" title= -"Source: ” (">,” “</span>he kills them” -(habitually). A Cherokee chief, whose name appears on the documents -about 1790.</p> -<p class="par">ungidaʻ—“thy two elder brothers” -(male speaking).</p> -<p class="par">unginiʻli—“my elder brother.”</p> -<p class="par">unginiʻsi (plural, -tsunginiʻsi)—“my daughter’s child.”</p> -<p class="par">uʻniskwetuʻgi—“they wear a -hat,” ulskweʻtawaʻ, hat from uskaʻ, head. The May -apple (<i lang="la">Podophyllum</i>).</p> -<p class="par">unistilunʻisti—“they stick on along -their whole length”; the generic name for “stickers” -and burrs, including the Spanish needle, cockle burr, jimson weed, -etc.</p> -<p class="par">uniʻtsi—her mother; agitsiʻ, my -mother.</p> -<p class="par">Uniyaʻhitunʻyi—“where they shot -it,” from tsiyaʻihuʻ. “I shot,” and yi, -locative. A place on Tuckasegee river a short distance above Bryson -City, in Swain county, N. C.</p> -<p class="par">Unliʻta—“(He is) long-winded,” an -archaic form for the regular word, gunliʻta; an old masculine -name. A chief about the year 1790, known to the whites as “The -Breath.”</p> -<p class="par">Untoola—see Dihiyunʻdulaʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Untaʻkiyastiʻyi—“Where they -race,” from takiyaʻta, a race, and yi, locative; locally -corrupted to Tahkeyostee. The district on the French Broad river, -around Asheville, in Buncombe county, N. C. The town itself is known to -the Cherokee as Kasduʻyi, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb275" -href="#pb275" name="pb275">275</a>]</span>“Ashes place,” -(from kasdu, ashes, and yi, locative), which is intended as a -translation of its proper name.</p> -<p class="par">Unʻtiguhiʻ—“Pot in water,” -from or untiʻya, pot, and guliʻ, “it is in the -water” (or other liquid, habitually). The Suck, a dangerous rapid -in Tennessee river, at the entrance of Suck creek, about eight miles -below Chattanooga, Tenn.</p> -<p class="par">Untlasgastiʻyi—“Where they -scratched”; a place at the head of Hyatt’s creek of Valley -river, in Cherokee county, N. C.</p> -<p class="par">Untoola—see Dihyunʻdulaʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Untsailiʻ (also Etsaiyiʻ, or Tsaiyiʻ, the -first syllable being almost silent)—“Brass.”</p> -<p class="par">unwadaʻli—store-house, provision house.</p> -<p class="par">Unwada-tsuʻgilasunʻ—“Where the -storehouse (unwadaʻli) was taken off.” Either Black Rock or -Jones' Knob, northeast of Webster, on the east line of Jackson county, -N. C.</p> -<p class="par">ununʻti—milk.</p> -<p class="par">usdiʻga (abbreviated usdiʻ)—small; -plural tsunsdiʻga, tsundiʻ.</p> -<p class="par">usgaʻseʻtiʻyu—very dangerous, very -terrible; intensive of usgaʻseʻti.</p> -<p class="par">Uskwaleʻna—“Big-Head,” from -uskaʻ, head; a masculine name, perhaps the original of the -“Bull-head,” given by Haywood as the name of a former noted -Cherokee warrior.</p> -<p class="par">Uskwaʻli-guʻta—“His stomach hangs -down,” from uskwaʻli, his stomach, and guʻta, “it -hangs down.” A prominent chief of the Revolutionary period, known -to the whites as Hanging-maw.</p> -<p class="par">Uʻstanaʻli (from Uʻstanalaʻhi or -uniʻstanaʻla (a plural form), denoting a natural barrier of -rocks <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb276" href="#pb276" name= -"pb276">276</a>]</span>(plural) across a stream)—a name occurring -in several places in the old Cherokee country, and variously spelled -Eastinaulee, Eastinora, Estanaula, Eustenaree, Istanare, Oostanaula, -Oostinawley, Ustenary, etc.</p> -<p class="par">uʻstuti—see utsuʻgi.</p> -<p class="par">Ustuʻtli—a traditional dangerous serpent. The -name signifies having something on the calf of the leg or on the heel, -from ustutunʻi “(his) calf of the leg -(attached).<span class="corr" id="xd23e9769" title= -"Not in source">”</span> It is applied also to the Southern -hoop-snake.</p> -<p class="par">Usunhiʻyi—the “Darkening land,” -“where it is always getting dark,” as at twilight. The name -used for the west in the myths and the sacred formulas; the common word -is wudeʻligunʻyi, “there where it (the sun) goes -down.”</p> -<p class="par">uʻtanu—great, fully developed. Cf. -eʻgwa.</p> -<p class="par">utawaʻhilu—“hand breadth,” from -uwaʻyi, hand. A figurative term used in the myths and sacred -formulas.</p> -<p class="par">Uʻtawagunʻta—“Bald place.” A -high bald peak in the Great Smoky range on the Tenn.-N. C. line, -northeast from Big Pigeon river.</p> -<p class="par">Uʻtlunʻta—“He (or she) has it -sharp,” i. e., has some sharp part or organ; it might be used of -a tooth, a finger-nail, or some other attached part of the body.</p> -<p class="par">Uʻtluntunʻyi—“Uʻtlunʻta -place”; see Uʻtlunʻta. A place on Little Tennessee -river, nearly off Citico creek, in Blount county, Tenn.</p> -<p class="par">Uʻtsala—“Lichen”; another form of -utsaleʻta. A Cherokee chief of Removal period in 1838.</p> -<p class="par">utsaleʻta—lichen, literally “pot -scrapings,” from a fancied resemblance. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb277" href="#pb277" name="pb277">277</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">utsaʻnatiʻ—rattlesnake; the name is of -doubtful etymology, but is said to refer to the rattle.</p> -<p class="par">Utsaʻnatiʻyi—“Rattlesnake -place.” Rattlesnake springs, about two miles south from -Charlestown, Bradley county, Tenn.</p> -<p class="par">utsetʻsti—“he grins” -(habitually). See siʻkwa utsetʻsti.</p> -<p class="par">utsiʻ—her (his) mother; etsiʻ, -agitsiʻ, my mother.</p> -<p class="par">Utsiʻdsataʻ—“Corn-tassel,” -“Thistle-head,” etc. It is used as a masculine name, and -was probably the Cherokee name of the chief of Revolutionary times, -known as “Old Tassel.”</p> -<p class="par">utsuʻgi—the tufted titmouse (<i lang= -"la">Parus bicolor</i>); also called uʻstutiʻ, “topnot, -or tip,” on account of its crest.</p> -<p class="par">uʻtsutiʻ—fish. Also, many.</p> -<p class="par">Uwagaʻhi (commonly written -Ocoee)—“Apricot place,” from uwaʻga, the -“apricot vines,” or “maypop,” (<i lang= -"la">Passiflora incarnata</i>), and hi, locative. A former important -settlement on Ocowe river, near its junction with Hiwassee, about the -present Benton, in Polk county, Tenn.</p> -<p class="par">uwaʻyi—hand, paw, generally used with the -possessive suffix, as uwayeʻni, “his hand.”</p> -<p class="par">uweʻla—liver.</p> -<p class="par">uweʻnahi—rich; used also as a personal -name.</p> -<p class="par">Uwʻtsunʻta—“Bouncer” -(habitual); from kʻtsi, “it is bouncing.” A -traditional serpent described as moving by jerks like a measuring worm, -to which also the name is applied.</p> -<p class="par">Uyahyeʻ—a high peak in the Great Smoky range, -probably on the line between Swain county, N. C., and Sevier county, -Tenn.</p> -<p class="par">Uyʻgilaʻgi—abbreviated from -Tsuyuʻgilaʻgi, “where there are dams,” i. e., -beaver dams; from guʻgiluʻunskuʻ, “he is damming -it.” 1. A former settlement on <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb278" href="#pb278" name="pb278">278</a>]</span>Oothcaloga -(Ougillogy) creek of Oostanaula river, near the present Calhoun, in -Gordon county, Ga.; 2. Beaverdam creek, west of Clarksville, in -Habbersham county, Ga.</p> -<p class="par">Valleytown—see Guʻnahitunʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Vengeance creek—see Gansaʻtiʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Wachesa—see Watsiʻsu.</p> -<p class="par">wadanʻ—thanks!</p> -<p class="par">waʻdi—paint, especially red paint.</p> -<p class="par">waʻdige-askaʻli—“his head (is) -brown,” i. e., “brown-head”; from wadigeʻi, -brown, brown-red, and askaʻli, head; the copperhead snake.</p> -<p class="par">Wadiʻyahi—a feminine name of doubtful -etymology. An expert basket-making woman among the East Cherokee, who -died in 1895. She was known to the whites as Mrs. Bushyhead.</p> -<p class="par">Wafford—see Tsuskwanunʻta.</p> -<p class="par">Waʻginsi—the name <span class="corr" id= -"xd23e9846" title="Source: or">of</span> an eddy at the junction of -Little Tennessee and the main Tennessee rivers at Lenoir, in London -county, Tenn. The town is now known to the Cherokee by the same name, -of which the meaning is lost.</p> -<p class="par">waguliʻ—whippoorwill; the name is an -onomatope; the Delaware name is wekolis.</p> -<p class="par">Wahnenauhi—see Waniʻnahi.</p> -<p class="par">waʻhuhuʻ—the screech-owl.</p> -<p class="par">waʻka—cow; from the Spanish vaca, as is also -the Creek waga and the Arapaho wakuch.</p> -<p class="par">walaʻsi—the common green frog.</p> -<p class="par">Walasiʻyi—“Frog place.” 1. A -former settlement, known to the whites as Frogtown, upon the creek of -the same name, north of Dahlonega, in Lumpkin <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb279" href="#pb279" name= -"pb279">279</a>]</span>county, Ga. 2. Le Conte and Bullhead Mountains -in the Great Smoky range on the N. C.-Tenn. line, together with the -ridge extending into Sevier county, Tenn., between the Middle and West -forks of Little Pigeon river.</p> -<p class="par">walasʻ-unulʻsti—“it fights -frogs,” from walaʻsi, frog, and unulʻsti, “it -fights” (habitually); guʻlihuʻ, “I am -fighting.” The <i lang="la">Prosartes lanuginosa</i> plant.</p> -<p class="par">Walasʻ-unulstiyiʻ—“Place of the -plant,” walasʻ-unulʻsti, commonly known to the whites -as Fightingtown, from a translation of the latter part of a name; a -former settlement on Fighting creek, near Morgantown, in Fannin county, -Ga.</p> -<p class="par">Waliniʻ—a feminine name, compounded from -Wali, another form of Kwali, “Polly,” with a suffix added -for euphony.</p> -<p class="par">Waneʻ-asunʻtlunyi—“Hickory footlog -place,” from waneʻi, hickory, asun-tlunʻi (q. v.), -footlog, bridge, and yi, locative. A former settlement, known to the -whites as Hickory-log, on Etowah river, a short distance above Canton, -in Cherokee county, Ga.</p> -<p class="par">Waniʻnahiʻ—a feminine name of uncertain -etymology; the Wahnenauhi of the Wahnenauhi manuscript.</p> -<p class="par">Washington—see Waʻsituʻna.</p> -<p class="par">Waʻsi—the Cherokee form for Moses.</p> -<p class="par">Waʻsituʻna, Waʻsuntuʻna (different -dialect forms)—a Cherokee known to the whites as Washington, the -sole survivor of a Removal tragedy. The name denotes a hollow log (or -other cylindrical object) lying on the ground at a distance; the root -of the word is asiʻta, log, and the w prefix indicates -distance.</p> -<p class="par">Waʻsuluʻ—a large red-brown moth which -flies about blossoming tobacco in the evening. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb280" href="#pb280" name="pb280">280</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Wataʻgi (commonly written Watauga, also Wataga, -Wattoogee, Whatoga, etc.)—a name occurring in two or more towns -in the old Cherokee country; one was an important settlement on Watauga -creek of Little Tennessee river, a few miles below Franklin, in Macon -county, N. C.; another was traditionally located at Watauga Old Fields, -about the present Elizabethton on Wateuga river, in Carter county, -Tenn. The meaning is lost.</p> -<p class="par">Watauʻga—see Wataʻgi.</p> -<p class="par">Watsiʻsa—a prominent old Cherokee, known to -the whites as Wachesa, a name which cannot be translated, who formerly -lived on Beaverdam creek of Hiwassee river, below Murphy, in Cherokee -county, N. C. From the fact that the Unicoi turnpike passed near his -place, it was locally known as Wachesa trail.</p> -<p class="par">waʻya—wolf; an onomatope, an imitation of the -animal’s howl; cf. the Creek name, yaha.</p> -<p class="par">Waʻyaʻhi—“Wolf place,” i. -e., place of the Wolf clan; the form AniʻWaʻyaʻhi is not -used. Wolftown settlement on upper Soco creek, on the East Cherokee -reservation, in Jackson county, N. C.</p> -<p class="par">Waya Gap—see Aʻtahiʻta.</p> -<p class="par">Wayeh—see Wayi.</p> -<p class="par">Wayi—“Pigeon”; the modern Cherokee -name for Big Pigeon river, in western N. C.; probably a translation of -the English name. It appears also as Wayeh.</p> -<p class="par">Welch, Lloyd—see Daʻsiʻgiyaʻgi.</p> -<p class="par">wesa—cat.</p> -<p class="par">White-path—see Nunnaʻhi-tsuneʻga.</p> -<p class="par">Willstown—a former important settlement, so-called -from the half-breed chief known to the whites as Red-headed Will, on -Will’s creek below Fort <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb281" -href="#pb281" name="pb281">281</a>]</span>Payne, in Dekalb county, Ala. -The settlement was frequently called from him Wiliʻyi, -“Will’s place,” but this was not the proper local -name.</p> -<p class="par">Wilsiniʻ—The Cherokee name for H. W. Spray, -agent and superintendent for the East Cherokee reservation; an -adaptation of his middle name, Wilson.</p> -<p class="par">Wil-usdiʻ—“Little Will,” from -Wiliʻ, Will and usdiʻga or usdiʻ, little. The Cherokee -name for Colonel W. H. Thomas, for many years the recognized chief of -the eastern band.</p> -<p class="par">Wissactaw—see gahawiʻstia.</p> -<p class="par">Wolftown—see Waʻyaʻhi.</p> -<p class="par">Wootassite—see Outacity.</p> -<p class="par">Wrosetasatow—see Outacity.</p> -<p class="par">Wudeʻligunʻyi—the west; literally -“there where it (the sun) goes down,” (w prefixed implies -distance, yi, locative). See also Usunhiʻyi and -wusuhihunʻyi.</p> -<p class="par">Wuligaʻnatutun—excelling all others, either -good or bad; it may be used as equivalent to wastun, “beyond the -limit.”</p> -<p class="par">wusuhihunʻyi—“there where they stay -over night,” i. e., “the west.” An archaic term used -by the narrator of the story of Untsaiyiʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Xuala—see Ani-Suwaʻli.</p> -<p class="par">ya—a suffix denoting principal or real, as -tsiskwaʻya, “principal bird,” the sparrow; -Aniʻ-Yunwiyaʻ, “principal or real people,” -Indians.</p> -<p class="par">Yahulaʻli—“Yahuʻla place,” -from Yuhuʻla, a Cherokee trader said to have been taken by the -spirit people; Yahuʻla, seems to be from the Creek yohoʻlo, a -name having reference to the song (yoholo), used in the “black -drink” ceremony of the Creeks; thus <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb282" href="#pb282" name= -"pb282">282</a>]</span>aʻsi-yohoʻlo, corrupted into Osceola, -signified “the black drink song”; it may, however, be a -true Cherokee word, yahuʻlu or yahuʻli, the name for a -variety of hickory, also for the “doodle-bug”; -Unyahuʻla is a feminine name, but cannot be translated. Yahoola -creek, near Dahlonega, in Lumpkin county, Ga.</p> -<p class="par">Yalaʻgi—Alarka creek of Little Tennessee -river, above the junction of Tuckasegee, in Swain county, N. C.; the -meaning of the name is lost.</p> -<p class="par">yandaskaʻga—a faultfinder.</p> -<p class="par">Yan-eʻgwa—“Big-Bear,” from yanu, -bear, and egwa, great, large. A prominent chief about the year 1800; -the name occurs in treaties as Yonah, Yohanaqua and Yonahequah.</p> -<p class="par">yaʻnu—bear.</p> -<p class="par">Yaʻnu-dinehunʻyi—“where the bears -live,” from yanu, bear, dinehuʻ, “they dwell” -(eʻhu, “I dwell, I live”) and yi, locative. A place on -Oconaluftee river, a short distance above the junction with Tuckasegee, -in Swain county, N. C.</p> -<p class="par">Yanugunʻski—“the bear drowns him” -(habitually), from yanu, bear, and tsigunʻiskaʻ, “I am -drowning him.” A noted East Cherokee chief, known to the whites -as Yonaguska or Drowning-bear.</p> -<p class="par">yanʻ-utseʻstu—“The bear lies on -it”; the shield fern (<i lang="la">Aspidium</i>).</p> -<p class="par">Yaʻnu-uʻnatawastiʻyi—“where -the bears wash,” (from yanu, bear, and yi, locative); a former -pond in the Great Smoky Mountains, about the head of Raven Fork, in -Swain county, N. C.</p> -<p class="par">Yawaʻi—“Yawa place”; a place on -Yellow creek of Cheowa river, in Graham county, N. C.</p> -<p class="par">Yellow-Hill—see Elawaʻdiyi. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb283" href="#pb283" name="pb283">283</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Yohanaqua—see Yan-eʻgwa.</p> -<p class="par">yoho-o!—an unmeaning song refrain.</p> -<p class="par">Yonaguska—see Yaʻnugunʻski.</p> -<p class="par">Yonah—1. (mountain) see Gadaluʻlu. 2. An -abbreviated treaty form for the name of the chief Yanaʻgwa.</p> -<p class="par">Yonahequah—see Yan-eʻgwa.</p> -<p class="par">Ytaua, Ytava—see Iʻtawaʻ.</p> -<p class="par">Yu!—an unmeaning song refrain and -interjection.</p> -<p class="par">Yuhaʻli—Euharlee creek, of lower Etowah -river, in Bartow county, Ga. The name is said by the Cherokee to be a -corruption of Yufala (Eufaula), a well known Creek local name.</p> -<p class="par">yunsuʻ—buffalo; cf. Creek yenaʻsa, -Choctaw yanash, Hichitee yaʻnasi.</p> -<p class="par">Yunsaʻi—“Buffalo place”; West -Buffalo creek of Cheowa river in Graham county, N. C.; the site of a -former Cherokee settlement.</p> -<p class="par">yunʻwi—person, man.</p> -<p class="par">Yunʻwi -Amaʻyineʻhi—“Water-dwelling people,” from -yunʻwi, person, and amaʻyineʻhi, plural of -amayeʻhi, q. v.; a race of water fairies.</p> -<p class="par">Yunʻwi Gunahiʻta—“Long Man”; -a formulistic name for the river, personified as a man with his head -resting on the mountain and his feet stretching down to the lowlands, -who is constantly speaking to those who can understand the message.</p> -<p class="par">Yunʻwiniʻgisgi—“man-eaters,” -literally, “They eat people” (habitually), from -yunʻwi, person, man, and uni, giski, “they eat<span class= -"corr" id="xd23e9995" title="Not in source">”</span> -(habitually), from tsikiuʻ, “I am eating”; the -Cherokee name for a distant cannibal tribe, possibly the Atakapa or the -Tonkawa. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb284" href="#pb284" name= -"pb284">284</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Yunʻwi-tsulenunʻyi—“where man -stood,” originally yunʻwi-dikatagunʻyi, “where -the man stands,” from <span class="corr" id="xd23e10001" title= -"Source: Yunʻwi">yunʻwi</span>, person, man, tsitaʻga, -“I am standing,” and yi, locative; Standing Indian, a high -bald mountain at the head of Nantahala river, in Macon county, N. -C.</p> -<p class="par">Yunʻwi Tsunsdiʻ—“little -people,” from yunʻwi, person, people, and tsunsdiʻga or -tsunsdi, plural of usdiʻga or usdiʻ, little; the Cherokee -fairies.</p> -<p class="par">Yunʻwi Usdiʻ—“little man.” A -formulistic name for ginseng, aʻtali-guliʻ, q. v.</p> -<p class="par">Yunʻwi-usgaʻseʻti—“dangerous -man, terrible man”; a traditional leader in the westward -migration of Cherokee.</p> -<p class="par">Yunʻwiyaʻ—“Indian,” -literally, “principal or real person,<span class="corr" id= -"xd23e10012" title="Source: “">”</span> from yunʻwi, -person, and ya, a suffix denoting principal or real.</p> -<p class="par">yuʻwe-yuweheʻ—an unmeaning song -refrain.</p> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="figure xd23e10018width" id="p284-1"><img src= -"images/p284-1.jpg" alt="High Falls, Buck Forest, N. C." width="644" -height="484"> -<p class="figureHead">High Falls, Buck Forest, N. C.</p> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="q"> -<div class="body"> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“And it bounds full many a fathom</p> -<p class="line">In its final furious fall.”</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<p class="par"></p> -<div class="figure xd23e10032width" id="p284-2"><img src= -"images/p284-2.jpg" alt="Melrose Falls, Tryon, N. C." width="642" -height="483"> -<p class="figureHead">Melrose Falls, Tryon, N. C.</p> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="q"> -<div class="body"> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Plunges down deep in the gulches</p> -<p class="line">Where the rocks are worn with age.”</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div class="back"> -<div class="transcribernote"> -<h2 class="main">Colophon</h2> -<h3 class="main">Availability</h3> -<p class="par first">This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no -cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give -it away or re-use it under the terms of the <a class="seclink xd23e43" -title="External link" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/license" rel= -"license">Project Gutenberg License</a> included with this eBook or -online at <a class="seclink xd23e43" title="External link" href= -"https://www.gutenberg.org/" rel="home">www.gutenberg.org</a>.</p> -<p class="par">This eBook is produced by the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at <a class="exlink xd23e43" title="External link" -href="http://www.pgdp.net/">www.pgdp.net</a>.</p> -<h3 class="main">Encoding</h3> -<p class="par first"></p> -<h3 class="main">Revision History</h3> -<ul> -<li>2016-10-26 Started.</li> -</ul> -<h3 class="main">External References</h3> -<p>This Project Gutenberg eBook contains external references. These -links may not work for you.</p> -<h3 class="main">Corrections</h3> -<p>The following corrections have been applied to the text:</p> -<table class="correctiontable" summary= -"Overview of corrections applied to the text."> -<tr> -<th>Page</th> -<th>Source</th> -<th>Correction</th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e3102">67</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Balsam Mountains.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e3127">67</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6434">137</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd23e7976">215</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7981">215</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8208">223</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd23e8841">245</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9108">253</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9769">276</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd23e9995">283</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">”</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e3673">77</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Mount Pisgah.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e4020">83</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6326">129</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd23e6947">170</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7181">186</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8753">242</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e4457">91</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Whiteside Mountain.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e5326">107</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Where the Serpent Coiled.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6374">132</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7273">192</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd23e8615">237</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8833">245</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9105">253</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">“</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6493">139</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">ran</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6640">150</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">perferred</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">preferred</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6734">155</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6776">158</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Agan-unitsi</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Agan-uni-tsi</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6788">159</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6936">169</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd23e7055">177</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7988">215</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8035">217</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd23e8819">244</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9012">251</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9482">267</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">.</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">,</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6869">165</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">law</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">lay</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7268">192</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Toh-kee-os-tee</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Tah-kee-os-tee</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7418">200</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">u</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">û</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7514">202</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">akwandu’li</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">akwanduʻli</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7552">203</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">a′netsaʻgi</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">anetsaʻgi</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7591">205</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">’”</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">”</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7738">210</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8122">220</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">)</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Deleted</i>]</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7973">215</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Da</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Daʻ</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8119">220</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">stroke</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">strike</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8124">220</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">personfied</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">personified</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8164">222</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Yellow-hill</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Yellow-Hill</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8306">227</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Tsistu’yi</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Tsistuʻyi</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8482">234</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">iya</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">iʻya</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8486">234</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">iyaʻ-tawiʻskage</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">iʻyaʻ-tawiʻskage</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8703">241</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">see</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8732">242</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Na ts-asunʻtlun</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Nats-asunʻtlun</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8790">243</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">”</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">“</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8814">244</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">sen</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">sun</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8979">250</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">.)</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">).</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9022">251</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9231">258</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd23e9493">268</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9511">268</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">)</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9189">257</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">tawi-skala</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">tawiʻskala</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9211">257</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">city</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">City</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9292">260</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Nicoliana</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Nicotiana</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9331">261</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Nanatahala</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Nantahala</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9419">265</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">tskili'</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">tskiliʻ</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9535">269</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">(</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9689">273</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">ganelaski</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">ganeʻlaski</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9709">274</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">” (</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">,” “</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9846">278</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">or</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">of</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e10001">284</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Yunʻwi</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">yunʻwi</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e10012">284</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">“</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">”</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -</div> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Occoneechee, by Robert Frank Jarrett - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OCCONEECHEE *** - -***** This file should be 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