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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 53375 ***
+
+                              OCCONEECHEE
+                      THE MAID OF THE MYSTIC LAKE
+
+
+                                   BY
+                          ROBERT FRANK JARRETT
+                 Author of "Back Home and Other Poems"
+
+
+                         THE SHAKESPEARE PRESS
+                           410 E. 32d Street
+                                New York
+                                  1916
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+                           Copyrighted, 1916
+                            By R. F. Jarrett
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+Realizing that the memory of a nation is best kept aglow by its
+songs and the writings of its poets, I have been inspired to write
+OCCONEECHEE, in order that the once powerful nation known as the
+Cherokee may be preserved in mind, and that their myths, their legends
+and their traditions may linger and be transmitted to the nations
+yet to come.
+
+Trusting that a generous people may hail with delight the advent
+of this new work, I now dedicate its pages to all lovers of music,
+poetry and fine art.
+
+
+    When you've read its pages give or lend
+    This volume to some good old friend.
+
+
+The Author.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+BRIEF BIOGRAPHY OF THE AUTHOR.
+
+
+Robert Frank Jarrett was born in Asheville, N. C., on July 21st, 1864,
+and while having resided in other states and cities and visited many of
+the most important sections of the South, yet has made his principal
+home within the shadows of the rugged mountain peaks of his native
+and picturesque home land, the Old North State.
+
+He was educated in the field and forest, by rippling stream and
+rolling rill, studied in the open book of Nature and recited to the
+Master of Destinies where the shadows of the everlasting hills lock
+hands with the sunshine of the valley.
+
+He is a reader and student of the ancient writers and poets of all
+ages, singer of the old songs, lover of the new;
+
+Servant in official capacity for many years of National, State and
+Civic governments; humble worker with the busy toilers, and writer
+of prose and verse from earliest childhood;
+
+Author of "Back Home and Other Poems," published in 1911, and many
+other manuscripts not yet published.
+
+Married to Sallie C. Wild, of Franklin, N. C., on Dec. 25th, 1892. For
+twenty years a resident of Dillsboro, N. C., where orchard and field
+and dense deep forests have inspired and impelled him on.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+                                                Page
+
+    Part   I. The Cherokee,                        7
+    Part  II. Occoneechee,                        21
+    Part III. Myths of the Cherokee,             127
+    Part  IV. Glossary of Cherokee Words,        197
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+
+    Portrait of Robert Frank Jarrett,   Frontispiece
+    Tuckaseigee Falls, above Dillsboro,            9
+    Along Scott's Creek, below Balsam,            21
+    Sunset from Mt. Junaluska,                    26
+    Lake Junaluska, near Waynesville,             26
+    A Glimpse of the Craggies,                    37
+    From Top of Chimney Rock,                     37
+    Graybeard Mountain,                           37
+    Chimney Top,                                  37
+    Upper Catawba Falls, Esmeralda,               43
+    Occoneechee Falls, Jackson County,            43
+    In the Cherokee Country,                      43
+    Whitewater Falls,                             43
+    The Balsam Mountains in Jackson Co.,          51
+    North from Sunset Rock, Tryon Mt.,            51
+    Balsam Mountains,                             67
+    From Bald Rock,                               67
+    Lower Cullasaja Falls,                        73
+    Mount Pisgah,                                 77
+    Indian Mound, Franklin, N. C.,                77
+    Tallulah Falls, Ga.,                          81
+    Whiteside Mountain,                           91
+    Tennessee River, above Franklin,              99
+    Lake Toxaway,                                 99
+    Tomb of Junaluska, Robbinsville,             107
+    Where the Serpent Coiled,                    107
+    Harvesting at Cullowhee, N. C.,              117
+    Craggy Mountains from near Asheville,        117
+    Sequoya,                                     129
+    John Ax, the Great Story Teller,             129
+    Everglades of Florida,                       129
+    Tuckaseigee River,                           139
+    Kanuga Lake,                                 153
+    Lake Fairfield,                              153
+    Pacolet River, Hendersonville,               153
+    A Cherokee Indian Ball Team,                 171
+    The Pools, Chimney Rock,                     171
+    French Broad River,                          185
+    Broad River,                                 185
+    From the Toxaway,                            191
+    Chimney Top Gap,                             191
+    Chimney Rock,                                197
+    Occonestee Falls,                            237
+    Linville Falls,                              237
+    Triple Falls, Buck Forest,                   237
+    High Falls, Buck Forest,                     284
+    Melrose Falls, Tryon, N. C.,                 284
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+PART I
+
+THE CHEROKEE
+
+
+    "I know not how the truth may be,
+    I tell the tale as 'twas told to me."
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+THE CHEROKEE.
+
+A brief history of the Cherokee Nation or tribe.
+
+
+This history has been gleaned from the works of Ethnology by James
+Mooney and from word of mouth, as related to the author during the
+past thirty years.
+
+In the beginning of historical events, we hear of man in his
+paradisaical home, located somewhere within the boundaries known
+as ancient Egypt or Chaldea. His home was far away and his former
+history shrouded in the darkness of countless centuries of the past,
+and when we contemplate the remoteness of his ancestry, we become
+lost in the midst of our own research.
+
+When historical light began to flash from the Orient, we find man
+emerging with some degree of civilization from a barbaric state into
+the advanced degrees of civilized and enlightened tribes.
+
+When the maritime navigator, full of visions and dreams, dared to sail
+for those hitherto undiscovered shores, now known as America, there
+lived within the realm a wandering, happy, yet untutored, race of men
+whom we afterwards called Indians, who dwelt in great numbers along the
+whole distance from Penobscot Bay south to the everglades of Florida.
+
+Among the more noted tribes were the Abnaki, Mohawk, Mohican, Huron,
+Iroquois, Munsi, Erie, Seneca, Susquehanna, Mamrahoac, Powhatan,
+Monacan, Nollaway, Tuscarora, Pamlico, Catawba, Santee, Uchee, Yamasee,
+Creek, Choctaw, Seminole, Showano and Cherokee, but of all of these
+it is left for us to speak alone of the valiant Cherokee, the most
+noble of all Red Men, who inhabited that picturesque country in
+the Appalachian chain of mountains in East Tennessee, Western North
+Carolina, Northern Georgia, South Carolina and Alabama, and part of
+Virginia, Kentucky and West Virginia.
+
+These are the people of whom little has been said and less written
+than most of the children of men. Yet of all of the native Americans
+the Cherokee tribe was the most noble, humane and intelligent.
+
+Somewhere in the annals of the Aborigines of America, the Cherokee
+separated from the great Northern tribe, the Iroquois, and by
+preference inhabited the hills of the Appalachian range, and here
+we find them early in the dawn of American history, occupying a
+country which affords ample environment for the artist, the poet
+and the painter. Had Homer seen and Michelangelo traveled among the
+towering hills of the happiest land of earth, the song and the chisel,
+instead of being draped with the vail of blood, would have inspired
+the world to look forward to the time when there will be no death
+serenely sitting upon the throne of war.
+
+At one time the Cherokee tribe was the largest and most learned in
+art and literature of any tribe in the United States, having perhaps
+as many as twenty-five thousand people, and attained, under Sequoya,
+whose photograph is herein reproduced, that degree of learning, that
+many of the tribe became quite familiar with letters and literature,
+printed from the alphabet invented by this noted man, inventor and
+devout preacher of the Christian gospel.
+
+Sequoya was himself an untutored half-breed, yet to him are we indebted
+for an alphabet of 76 characters which stands third among the alphabets
+which have been invented among men, and by which a Cherokee child
+learns to read as fluently in six months of study as does the average
+English child in three years of study under our system.
+
+The name Cherokee, so far as research reveals, has no meaning or the
+meaning has been lost or perhaps Anglicized, but we have authority
+for its use, for the past 375 years.
+
+When De Soto's expedition was made through the Appalachian mountains,
+in 1540, he encountered this great and friendly nation living
+peacefully in their paradise among the hills and mountains, who
+received him as they were wont to receive a friendly tribe; so did
+they ever receive and treat the white neighbor until treaty after
+treaty had been broken and their homes had been destroyed and every
+compact violated.
+
+Hostilities were in most cases caused by encroaching whites and broken
+promises and intrigues of the foreigners, who were gradually drawing
+the cordon around the diminishing tribe.
+
+The battle of Horseshoe Bend, which took place in the Tallapoosa
+river, in Alabama, on the 27th day of March, 1814, was one of the
+notable events in Cherokee history, where Junaluska, in conjunction
+with General Jackson, slaughtered or massacred nearly one thousand
+Creeks, which ended the Creek war and brought much honor to Junaluska
+and his valiant Cherokee army of more than 500 men.
+
+For the terrors which followed the battle of Horseshoe Bend, we
+have only to refer to history to be able to ascertain the facts
+concerning the bloody atrocities which were perpetrated upon an
+oppressed people. Then came the end, which occurred in the year 1838,
+which culminated in the removal of the band to the Indian Territory,
+which is now called Oklahoma, (a Choctaw word meaning red people,
+Okla, people; homa, red).
+
+This removal was the most luckless and recreant of all the abuses
+that had been heaped upon the brave but helpless band of Cherokee.
+
+Junaluska, who witnessed the removal, but was permitted to remain with
+the residue, remarked that had he known that General Jackson (who
+became President), would have removed the Cherokee in such a brutal
+manner, he would have killed him at the battle of Horseshoe Bend.
+
+The history of the removal of the Cherokee, as told by James Mooney
+of the Department of American Ethnology, gleaned by him from eye
+witnesses and actors in the tragedy, may well exceed in weight of
+grief and pathos any other act in American history. Even the much
+sung song of the exile of the Arcadians falls far behind it in the
+sum of death and misery.
+
+Under General Winfield Scott, an army of 5,000 volunteers and regular
+troops were concentrated in the Cherokee country, and by instruction
+from Washington, D. C., he was directed and gave orders to soldiers to
+gather all Indians to the various stockades, which had been previously
+prepared for their reception. From these posts, squads of soldiers
+were sent to search out, with rifle and bayonet, every small cabin
+which could be found within the ramifications and deep recesses of the
+great Appalachian range of mountains, and bring to the forts every man,
+woman and child to be found within the gates of the granite hills.
+
+Families, while sitting peacefully at the noon-day meal; others
+while performing the matutinal ablution, were suddenly startled by
+the gleam of bayonets and with blows, curses and oaths from the men
+called soldiers, the Indians were driven like cattle from their humble
+homes down the rugged mountain paths, and their houses in many cases
+were burned and their small possessions destroyed, as the brave but
+defenceless Cherokee people looked on with that wonderful stoicism
+which no other race of men ever possessed.
+
+Men were seized in the fields, women torn from the wheel and the
+distaff, and children frightened from the pleasures of play. The
+vandals who followed in the wake of the soldiery, looting and
+pillaging, burning and destroying, yet calling themselves civilized
+Christians, were such a band of outlaws as is seldom seen even among
+the most savage and barbaric races.
+
+Even Indian graves were robbed of the silver pendants and other
+valuables which had been deposited with the dead. Women who were not
+able to go, were actually forced at the point of a bayonet to march
+with the same speed as men.
+
+Upon one occasion the soldiers surrounded the house of an old Christian
+patriot, who when informed as to what was to take place, called his
+wife, children and grandchildren around him, kneeling down among them
+offered a last prayer in the sanctuary of his home, in his native
+tongue, while the soldiers stood astonished, looking on in silence.
+
+When his devotions were finished, he arose, bade the household follow
+him, and he led them into exile, with that becoming Christian fortitude
+which is seldom witnessed among men.
+
+One woman, on finding the house surrounded, went to the door and called
+up the chickens, fed them for the last time, bade them farewell,
+then taking her baby upon her back, she extended her hands to her
+other two small children, then followed her husband into exile,
+from whence she never returned.
+
+A Georgia volunteer, who afterwards became a Colonel in the Confederate
+service, said, "I have fought through the Civil War and have seen
+men shot to pieces and slaughtered by the thousands, but the Cherokee
+removal was the most cruel work I ever witnessed."
+
+All were not thus so submissive. One old man named Tsali, "Charlie,"
+was seized, with his wife, his brother, his three sons and their
+families; exasperated at the brutality accorded his wife, who being
+unable to travel fast, was prodded with the bayonets to hasten her
+steps, he urged the other men to join him in a dash for liberty, and
+as he spoke in Cherokee, the soldiers, although they heard, understood
+nothing until each warrior suddenly sprang upon the soldier nearest
+and endeavored to wrench his gun from him. The attack was so sudden
+and unexpected that one soldier was killed and the rest fled, while
+the Indians escaped to the mountains. Hundreds of others, some of
+them from the various stockades, managed also to escape to the hills
+and mountains from time to time, where those who did not die from
+starvation subsisted on roots and wild berries until the hunt was over.
+
+Finding that it was impossible to secure these fugitives, General Scott
+finally tendered them a proposition, through Colonel W. H. Thomas,
+known as Wil-Usdi in Cherokee, their trusted friend and chief, that
+if they would bring Charlie and his party for punishment, the rest
+would be allowed to remain until their case could be adjusted by
+the Government.
+
+On hearing of the proposition, Charlie voluntarily came in with his
+sons, offering himself as a sacrifice for his people.
+
+By command of General Scott, Charlie, his brother and the two elder
+sons were shot, near the mouth of Tuckaseigee river, a detachment
+of Cherokee prisoners being compelled to do the shooting in order to
+impress upon the Indians the fact of their utter helplessness.
+
+From those fugitives thus permitted to remain, originated the present
+eastern band of Cherokee.
+
+When nearly 17,000 Cherokee had been gathered into the stockades,
+the removal began.
+
+Early in June several parties, aggregating about five thousand persons,
+were brought down by the troops to the old agency on Hiwassee river,
+at the present Calhoun, Tenn., and to Ross landing (now Chattanooga,
+Tenn.) and to Gunter's landing (now Guntersville, Ala.) lower down on
+the Tennessee, where they were put upon steamers and transported down
+the Tennessee and Ohio to the farther side of the Mississippi, whence
+their journey was continued by land to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma).
+
+The removal in the the hottest part of the year was attended with so
+great sickness and mortality that, by resolution of the Cherokee
+National Council, John Ross and the other chiefs submitted to
+General Scott a proposition that the Cherokee be allowed to remove
+themselves in the fall, after the sickly season ended. This was
+granted on condition that all should have started by the 20th of
+October, except the sick and aged, who might not be able to move so
+rapidly. Accordingly, officers were appointed by the Cherokee council
+to take charge of the emigration; the Indians being organized into
+detachments averaging one thousand each, with two leaders in charge
+of each department, and a sufficient number of wagons and horses for
+the purpose.
+
+In this way the remainder, enrolled at about 13,000, (including
+a few negro slaves), started on the long march overland late in
+the fall. Those who thus emigrated under the management of their
+own officers, assembled at Rattlesnake Springs, near the present
+Charleston, Tenn., where a final council was held, in which it was
+decided to continue their old constitution and laws in their new
+home. Then, in October, 1838, the long procession of exiles was
+set in motion. A few went by the river route, but nearly all went
+overland. Crossing, to the north side of the Hiwassee river, at a
+ferry above Gunter's Creek, they proceeded down along the river,
+the sick, aged and children, together with their belongings, being
+hauled in wagons, the rest on foot or on horses.
+
+It was like an army, 645 wagons, regiment after regiment, the wagons
+in the center, the officers along the line, and the horsemen on the
+flank and at the rear.
+
+Tennessee river was crossed at Tucker's ferry, a short distance
+above Jolly's Island, at the mouth of Hiwassee; thence the route
+lay south of Pikeville, through McMinnville, and on to Nashville,
+where the Cumberland was crossed.
+
+They then went on to Hopkinsville, where the noted chief White Path, in
+charge of a detachment, sickened and died. His people buried him by the
+roadside, with a box over the grave and poles with streamers around it,
+that the others coming on behind might note the spot and remember him.
+
+Somewhere along that march of death--for the exiles died by tens and
+twenties every day of the journey--the devoted wife of the noted chief,
+John Ross, sank down and died, leaving him to go on with bitter pain
+of bereavement added to the heartbreak at the ruin and desolation of
+his nation.
+
+The Ohio was crossed at a ferry near the mouth of the Cumberland,
+and the army passed on through southern Illinois until the great
+Mississippi was reached, opposite Cape Girardean, Missouri. It
+was now the middle of winter, with the river running full of ice,
+so that several detachments were obliged to wait some time on the
+eastern bank for the channel to become clear.
+
+Information furnished by old men at Tahlequah after the lapse of
+fifty years showed that time had not sufficed to wipe out the memory
+of the miseries of that halt beside the frozen river, with hundreds
+of sick and dying penned up in wagons or stretched upon the ground,
+with only a blanket overhead to keep out the January blast.
+
+The crossing was at last made, in two divisions, at Cape Girardean and
+Green's ferry, a short distance below, whence the march was continued
+on through Missouri to Indian Territory, the later detachment making
+a northerly circuit by Springfield, because those who had gone before
+had killed off all the game along the direct route.
+
+They had started in October, 1838, and it was now March, 1839, the
+journey having occupied nearly six months of the hardest part of
+the year.
+
+It is difficult to state positively as to the mortality and loss by
+reason of the removal of this once happy nation, but as near as can
+be ascertained, more than four thousand persons perished along the
+great highway of death.
+
+On the arrival in Indian Territory, the exiles at once set about
+building houses and planting crops, the government having agreed under
+treaty to furnish them rations for one year after arrival. They were
+welcomed by their kindred, the "Old Settlers," who held the country
+under previous treaties of 1828 and 1833. These, however, being
+already regularly organized under a government and chiefs of their
+own, were by no means disposed to be swallowed by the governmental
+authority of the newcomers.
+
+Jealousies developed, in which the minority or treaty party of the
+emigrants, headed by Major Ridge, took sides with the old settlers
+against John Ross of the National party, which outnumbered the others
+nearly three to one.
+
+While these differences were at their height, the Nation was thrown
+into a fever of excitement by the news that Major Ridge, his son,
+John Ridge, and Elias Boudinot--all leaders of the treaty party--had
+been killed by adherents of the National party, immediately after
+the adjournment of a general council, which had adjourned after
+nearly two weeks of debate without having been able to bring about
+harmonious action. Major Ridge was waylaid and shot near the Arkansas
+line, his son was taken from bed and cut to pieces with hatchets,
+while Boudinot was treacherously killed at his home at Park Hill,
+Indian Territory, all three being killed upon the same day, June 22,
+1839, which date marks the decline and fall of a once great and happy
+people. For fifty years which followed this luckless day in June,
+Indian Territory became a veritable theater of crime and disorder.
+
+From the South meridian of the sunflower state, to the cypress
+banks of the Red river, and from Fort Smith to the shifting sands of
+the great plains, for half a century sheltered a coterie of actors
+that would have made Robin Hood or Kit Carson blush with envy. The
+soil of the five tribes has been moistened with human blood when
+there was none to answer the cry for vengeance; when no sound save
+the deadly snap of the Winchester and the pit-pat of the bronchos'
+hoofs were there to bear testimony. Now, those who incited intrigue
+and murder are gone, the desperado is a thing of the past, the brave
+men who enlisted in the hazardous governmental service to give them
+battle have disappeared, and the sound of the firing Winchester used
+in deadly conflict, has been replaced by the reaper and the mower,
+and toilers in the field of commerce and industry.
+
+The Indian tribe has been supplanted by the American Government;
+and the school and church have taken the place of the chase and the
+feud. Where the wild flowers nodded far out on the lonely plain,
+vast fields of wheat and corn whisper the great name of Oklahoma.
+
+At this writing the eastern band of Cherokee is about to be dissolved,
+their lands allotted, and in a few more decades the Cherokee will
+have passed, and the name will be presented only in old records and
+in the hearts of their descendants.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+PART II
+
+OCCONEECHEE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+OCCONEECHEE,
+
+The Maid of the Mystic Lake,
+
+by Robert Frank Jarrett.
+
+
+
+I.
+
+Far away beneath the shadows
+Of the towering Smoky range,
+In the Western North Carolina,
+Comes a story true, but strange;
+Of a maiden and her lover,
+Of the tribe of Cherokee,
+And she lived far up the mountain,
+Near the hills of Tennessee.
+
+Far above the habitation
+Of the white man, and the plain,
+Lived the dark-eyed Indian maiden,
+Of the Junaluska strain;
+Junaluska, chief, her father,
+Occoneechee was his pride,
+In the lonely little wigwam,
+High upon the mountain side.
+
+There the stream Oconaluftee
+Hides its source far from the eye,
+Of the white man in his rovings,
+Far upon the mountain high;
+And the forest land primeval,
+Roamed by doe and wandering bear,
+And the hissing, coiling serpent,
+Was no stranger to them there.
+
+Catamount and mountain-boomer
+Sprang from cliff-side into trees,
+And the eagle, hawk and vulture
+Winged their course on every breeze.
+At the footfall of this maiden
+Sped the gobbler wild and free,
+From the maiden Occoneechee
+Flitted butterfly and bee.
+
+Occoneechee, forest dweller,
+Lived amid the scene so wild;
+In the simple Indian manner
+Lived old Junaluska's child.
+Streams of purest limpid water
+Gushed forth o'er the rock below,
+And the trout and silver minnow
+Dwelt in water, cold as snow.
+
+Occoneechee's Mother Qualla
+Passed away from earth to God,
+When this maiden was a baby
+And was covered by the sod.
+High upon the rugged mountain,
+Far above the haunts of men,
+With their burdens and their sorrows,
+And their load of care and sin.
+
+Thus the maiden knew no mother,
+Knew no love as most maids know,
+Heard no song, as sung by mother,
+Softly, sweetly, plaintive, slow.
+When the twilight came at evening,
+And the wigwam fire was lit,
+And the bearskin robe was spread out
+Upon which they were to sit,
+
+Junaluska wept his Qualla,
+Wept the lover who had flown,
+For she was the only lover
+That this chieftain's heart had known;
+And at night, there was no lover
+To sit by him on the rug,
+Made of skins of bear and woodchuck,
+In the wigwam, crude but snug.
+
+And at times he'd stand at evening,
+When the sun was setting low,
+And would watch with adoration
+Shifting clouds and scenes below;
+And his soul would want to wander
+Where the clime of setting sun
+Would reveal his long lost Qualla,
+When his work of life was done.
+
+And the tears would fill his eyelids,
+And emotion shake his frame,
+When he thought of her departed,
+Or some friend would speak her name.
+And he'd call on God the spirit,
+When he'd see the golden glow
+Of the radiant splendid sunset,
+Where he ever longed to go.
+
+Then he'd think of Occoneechee,
+In her adolescent years,
+How she needed his protection
+There to drive away her fears.
+Then he'd cease his deep repining,
+And his wailing and his grief,
+For her future and her beauty
+Brought the chieftain's heart relief.
+
+Though the life of Occoneechee
+Was one lonely strange career,
+And the solitude and silence
+Made the romance of it drear,
+While the wildness of the forest,
+With the animals that roam,
+And the birds in great profusion
+Cheered her little wigwam home,
+
+Yet her spirit, like the eagle's,
+Longed to soar off and be free
+From the wilds of gorge and mountain,
+Stream and cliff and crag and tree.
+And one day there came a red man
+Wandering up the mountain side,
+From the vale Oconaluftee
+Which was every Indian's pride.
+
+Tall and handsome, agile runner,
+And the keenness of his eye
+Did betray his quick perception
+To the casual passer-by.
+Hair hung down in long black tresses,
+Far below his shoulder-blade,
+And the brilliant painted feathers
+By the passing winds were swayed.
+
+And the arrows in his quiver
+Tipped with variegated stone,
+And the tomahawk and war knife,
+All the weapons he had known;
+Yet he knew all of their uses,
+None could wield with greater skill
+Tomahawk or knife or arrow,
+Than this wandering Whippoorwill.
+
+Occoneechee, sitting lonely,
+In a shady little nook,
+Near the opening, by the wigwam,
+And the babbling crystal brook;
+She was bathing feet and ankles,
+Arms and hands she did refresh,
+In the iridescent splendor
+Of the fountain cool and fresh.
+
+Whippoorwill, the wandering warrior,
+Spied the maiden by the pool,
+'Neath the spreading tree above her,
+By the limpid stream so cool;
+Then he ventured there to tarry,
+Watch and linger in the wild,
+Near the maiden and the fountain,
+Watch this forest-dwelling child.
+
+Though a warrior, brave, undaunted
+By the fiercest, wildest foe,
+In the battle's hardest struggle,
+Chasing bear and buck and doe;
+For his life was used to hardships,
+Scaling mountains in the chase,
+Yet he ne'er was known to falter
+'Mid the hottest of the race.
+
+But he now was moved by caution
+To approach, with greatest care,
+The unknown maid, there before him,
+And the scene so rich and rare;
+And his brave heart almost failed him
+As he comes up to her side,
+And obeisance makes he to her,
+E'er the chieftain she espied.
+
+Occoneechee sprang up quickly
+From the rock moss-covered seat,
+All abashed, but lithe and nimble
+Were her ankles and her feet.
+"O-I-see-you," were the greetings
+They exchanged spontaneously,
+As they moved off together.
+Occoneechee leads the way,
+
+To the quiet little wigwam,
+Where old Junaluska dwells
+With the maiden Occoneechee,
+And for whom his heart up-wells.
+Spreading out the flowing doe-skin
+Flat upon the earthen floor,
+Occoneechee and the warrior
+Sat and talked the chases o'er.
+
+Sat and talked of bear and venison,
+Sat and smoked the calumet.
+These the greetings of the warrior,
+When the maiden first he met.
+Whippoorwill, the wandering warrior,
+Tarried for a night and day,
+Tarried long within the wigwam,
+And was loath to go away,
+
+For the maid and Junaluska
+To the warrior were so kind,
+That 'twere hard among the tribesmen
+Such a generous clan to find.
+But at dawn upon the morrow,
+Whippoorwill must wend his way
+From old Junaluska's wigwam,
+For too long had been his stay.
+
+Kind affection, Junaluska
+Gave to parting Whippoorwill,
+As he sauntered from the wigwam,
+Wandering toward the rugged rill.
+Now the silence so unbroken
+Starts a tear-drop in each eye,
+And the gentle passing zephyr
+Gathered up the lover's sigh,
+
+And the sighs were borne to heaven,
+Like as lovers' sighs ascend,
+As the good angelic zephyrs
+Bear the message, friend to friend.
+Now each heart was sore and lonely,
+Sad the parting lovers feel,
+Yet the hopes of love's devotion
+Deep into each life did steal.
+
+And when Whippoorwill had left them,
+Good old Junaluska said
+To his daughter Occoneechee,
+"Would you like this brave to wed?"
+Occoneechee, timid maiden,
+Never thought of love before,
+For she ne'er had spread the doe-skin
+Wide upon the earthen floor,
+
+For a warrior, brave as he was,
+One possessed of skill so rare,
+With his tomahawk and war knife,
+And such long black raven hair;
+And she knew not how to answer,
+Though she felt as lovers do,
+When they plight their deep devotion
+To each other to be true.
+
+"Occoneechee! child of wild woods,
+I am growing old and gray,
+And I feel I soon must leave you,
+Though I grieve to go away.
+I can feel the hand of time, child,
+Pressing down upon my head,
+And I know it won't be long now
+Till I'm resting with the dead.
+
+"I can hear your mother calling,
+Sweetly, gently, calling me,
+Beckoning from the golden sunset,
+And she calls also for thee.
+'Twas just last night she stood beside me,
+While you lay there sound asleep,
+And she called me, 'Junaluska!'
+And her voice caused me to weep.
+
+"And she said, 'Dear Junaluska,
+I have come to tell you where
+You will find me at the portals
+Of the Lord's house over there.
+I will be among the blessed,
+Be with angels up on high.
+Have no fears of Death's dark river,
+Be courageous till you die.'
+
+"Then she stood and sang a message
+O'er you in your lonely bed,
+For a moment, then departed;
+And I called, but she had fled.
+Yet I daily hear her sweet voice,
+And I see her image there,
+As she calls us unto heaven,
+'Mid the pleasures, O, so rare.
+
+"And I soon shall cross the river,
+And will join her on the strand,
+With immortals long departed,
+In the fair, blest, happy land.
+When I'm gone you'll need protection,
+By a brave who knows no fear,
+And when sorrows overflow you,
+One to wipe away the tear.
+
+"Then I'll watch and wait with Qualla,
+With the chiefs and warriors brave,
+Who have joined the tribe eternal,
+Conquered death, hell and the grave.
+I shall watch then for your coming,
+And I'll tell the mighty throng
+That you're coming in the future,
+And we'll greet you with the song,
+
+"That the seraphs sing in glory,
+Casting gem crowns at the feet,
+Praising Him who reigns forever
+On the grand tribunal seat."
+As he talked his voice grew weaker,
+And his hand grew very chill,
+Then the moisture crowned his forehead,
+And his pulse was deathly still.
+
+Then she knew that her dear mother
+And the great chiefs that had been
+Had op'ed the gate of heaven wide
+To let another brave chief in.
+Then she sobbed out for her father,
+As a broken-hearted child
+Will for loved ones just departed,
+Left so lonely in the wild.
+
+But the dead, too soon forgotten,
+Now lies buried by the side
+Of his much lamented Qualla,
+Once his sweet and lovely bride,
+While their spirits dwell together,
+Free from care and want and pain,
+Where the tempest full of sorrow
+Ne'er can reach their souls again.
+
+Years had flown since Occoneechee
+Saw her loving Whippoorwill,
+High upon the Smoky Mountain,
+Near the crystal rippling rill;
+For the white man had transported
+Brave and squaw and little child
+Far away to Oklahoma,
+To the western hills so wild.
+
+Some had gone to the Dakotas,
+Some had gone to Mexico,
+Some had joined the tribe eternal;
+All were going, sure but slow.
+For the white man's occupation,
+Cherokee must give their land,
+And must give up all possessions,
+Go and join some other band.
+
+Yet a residue of tribesmen
+Were allowed here to remain,
+'Mid the mountains and the forest,
+And the meadows and the plain,
+But the strong men and the warriors,
+Most of them had gone away,
+Far across the mighty mountains
+Toward the closing of the day.
+
+General Jackson's men in blue coats
+Came and took away the braves,
+Took away the squaw and papoose,
+Buried many in their graves,
+Yet the residue triumphant,
+Roamed out in the forest wild,
+Without shelter, food or comfort,
+For decrepid chief and child.
+
+Sad and weary, long and dreary,
+Moved the Cherokee out West,
+With their store of skins and venison,
+And the trinkets they possessed.
+Up across the Smoky Mountains,
+Rough and rugged trail and road,
+Lined by rhododendron blossoms,
+Close beside where Lufty flowed.
+
+When they down the gorge descended,
+Winding toward the Tennessee,
+Branch and bough o'erhead were bending
+And no landscape could they see,
+And the labyrinthian footway
+Led through forests dense and dark
+And the air was sweetly laden
+With the bruised birchen bark;
+
+Hemlocks tall and swaying gently
+In the sighing passing breeze,
+And the fir and spreading balsam
+Joined the cadence of the trees.
+At the base of birch and hemlock
+Flowed the Pigeon fierce and bold,
+With its water clear as crystal,
+And its fountains icy cold;
+
+Flowed the dauntless rapid waters,
+Fresh and pure and ever free,
+Rushed o'er cataract and cascade,
+Ever onward toward the sea.
+Whippoorwill, the wandering warrior,
+Shorn of power and of pride,
+Marched in single file and lonely,
+With his hands behind him tied.
+
+Hands were bound with thongs and fetters--
+Thongs and fetters could not hold
+Brave so gallant young and noble
+As this valiant warrior bold.
+For his thoughts of Occoneechee,
+Who was left far, far behind,
+With the residue of women,
+Stirred his brave heart and his mind.
+
+On and on for days they traveled
+By the stream whose silver flow,
+From the great high Smoky Mountains,
+Became silent now and slow;
+For the rocks and rising ridges,
+Once their progress did impede,
+Now were fading in the distance,
+Could not now retard their speed.
+
+And the journey, long and tedious,
+Wore the women, wore the brave,
+And they sore and much lamented,
+To be bound as serf or slave;
+For their free-born spirits never
+Had been bound by man before,
+Till the blue-coat Jackson soldier
+Came and dragged them from their door.
+
+Corn was blooming on the lowlands
+When the journey they betook,
+And the grass gave much aroma,
+By the laughing Soco brook;
+But the suns and moons oft waning
+Brought the moon of ripening corn
+To a nation, broken-hearted,
+With a doubting hope forlorn.
+
+Level lands brought no enchantment
+To a people who had known
+Naught but freedom till the present,
+Whose utopian dream had flown;
+Flown as flows the radiant river,
+Flown as flows the hopes of youth,
+From the red man of the forest.
+They were no more free, forsooth.
+
+By and by the Father Waters
+Came in view of brave and squaw,
+And the skiff and side-wheel steamer
+Were the shifting scenes they saw,
+Plying fast the Father Waters,
+With a current slow and still,
+And reverberating whistles
+Shrieked a medley loud and shrill.
+
+And the ferryboat was busy,
+Plying fast the liquid wave
+Of the Father Water's current,
+Bearing squaw and chief and brave,
+Till the last brave Indian warrior
+Crossed the Father Waters' tide,
+Crossed the gentle flowing river,
+With its current deep and wide.
+
+Then they rested from their journey,
+Rested for a little while,
+On the bluff above the river,
+Where they saw her laughing smile.
+They could see the sun at morning
+Rise up quickly from his rest,
+See him hasting to his zenith,
+Soon to go down in the west.
+
+Then the winter came on quickly,
+Killing corn and grass and cane,
+And the wind brought cloudy weather,
+With its snow and mist and rain,
+And the tribe within the barracks
+Were disheartened, one and all.
+And they longed now for their Lufty,
+With its cascade and its fall.
+
+But at last the genial sunshine
+Took away the ice that froze
+The corn of hope, from the tribesmen,
+And the chilly wind that blows,
+Along the valley, of the river,
+Over bog and prairie, too;
+And an order came with springtime,
+"You the journey must renew."
+
+Then they rose up in the morning,
+Rose before the dawn of day,
+Rolled and tied the tents together,
+And were quickly on their way,
+On their way to Oklahoma,
+Out across Missouri land,
+Chief and squaw and wary warrior,
+Marched the Cherokee brave band.
+
+To the western reservation,
+Where the bison and the owl,
+And the she-wolf, fox and serpent
+Writhe and roam and nightly prowl;
+This the country where they took them,
+This the country that they gave
+In exchange for their own country,
+To the chief and squaw and brave.
+
+Leaving all they loved behind them,
+Leaving all to them most dear,
+And they settled there so lonely,
+In a country dry and drear;
+There to pine away in sorrow,
+And repining, die of grief;
+From the solitude and silence
+Of this land there's no relief.
+
+
+
+
+
+II.
+
+Amid the hills of Carolina,
+Hills impregnant with rich bliss,
+With their grots and groves and fountains,
+Hills that love-beams love to kiss;
+Roamed the dark, but pretty maiden,
+Occoneechee, lovely child,
+Roamed she far out in the mountains,
+'Mid their solitude so wild.
+
+Dreamed she oft here, as she rambled,
+Of her warrior Whippoorwill,
+Of her lover, long her lover,
+Whom she first met near the rill,
+High upon the Smoky Mountains,
+Where the sunset's afterglow
+Holds the secrets of Dame Nature
+From the sons of men below.
+
+Occoneechee sought her lover,
+Down Oconaluftee's vale,
+Through the brush and tangled wildwood,
+Without compass, chart or trail,
+Where the river Tuckaseigee
+Dashes down its rocky bed,
+Near a trail long since deserted,
+Over which a tribe once sped.
+
+Then she wandered down the river,
+On and on, as on it flows,
+Wades the river, wades its branches,
+Follows it where'er it goes
+Through the laurel brush and ivy,
+Over spreading beds of fern,
+Over rock moss-covered ledges,
+Follows every winding turn,
+
+Till it flows into the river,
+Called the Little Tennessee,
+Here she lingers long and tarries,
+And she strains her eyes to see
+If her vision will reveal him,
+And abates her breath to hear
+The voice of Whippoorwill, her lover,
+One of all to her most dear.
+
+Yet no sound came to relieve her,
+And no vision came to please,
+And it never dawned upon her,
+Here among the virgin trees,
+That her lover was transported,
+With the brave and chief and child
+To the land of Oklahoma,
+Land so lonely, weird and wild.
+
+Up the stream she then ascended,
+Slowly, surely did she march,
+'Neath the spreading oak and hemlock,
+Resting oft beneath their arch.
+Walls of solid spar and granite
+Roared their heads up toward the blue,
+But no wall or hill or river
+Could impede the maiden true.
+
+She now reached the Nantahala,
+Picturesque in every way,
+And she rested 'neath the shadow
+Of the mountain tall and gray;
+High the mountain, clear the water,
+That comes rushing down the side
+Of the mountain from the forest
+With its unpolluted tide.
+
+Speckled beauties swam the water,
+Swam as only they can do;
+Deer in herds roamed all the forest,
+Only Cherokees were few.
+Eagles, swift upon their pinions,
+Soared aloft upon the air,
+They would turn their eyes to heaven,
+Then down on the maiden fair,
+
+As to guard her in her roaming,
+For she had no other guide,
+Save one squaw and constellation,
+And the racing river tide.
+Birds had ceased their long migration,
+Not a cloud disturbed the blue
+Of the canopy of heaven,
+And the country they passed through.
+
+Nightingale and thrush and robin
+Mated, sang and dwelt serene,
+In the forest, by the river,
+With its banks so fresh and green,
+And each spoke to Occoneechee,
+In the language Nature gives,
+Of the flora and the fauna,
+Where the child of Nature lives.
+
+Then she rambled through the mountains,
+To the summit, grand and high,
+Where Tusquittee's bald and forest
+Penetrates the cloudless sky.
+Unobstructed vision reaches
+'Cross the Valley River, wide,
+To the Hiawassee river,
+Flowing in its lordly pride.
+
+Here the panorama rises
+In its beauty grand and gay,
+As you linger on the summit,
+As you hesitating stay;
+Visions long out in the distance;
+Haunt you with enchanted smile,
+And the reverie of Nature
+Doth the wanderer beguile.
+
+Valleytown, the Indian village,
+And Aquone, the camping ground,
+Cheoas vale within the distance,
+Once where Cherokee were found,
+Came within the easy focus
+Of the trained observant eye
+Of the maiden on the mountain,
+Near the clearest vaulted sky.
+
+Occoneechee looked and wondered,
+Scanned the mountain, scanned the vale,
+And she lifted up her voice there,
+And began to weep and wail;
+For her lover, long departed,
+For her lover brave and true,
+And she wondered if he tarried
+In the reaches of her view.
+
+Still no sight or sound revealed him,
+Beauty smiled and smiled again,
+As she sighed and prayed to Nature,
+Yet her anxious thoughts were vain.
+For the valley and the mountain,
+And the river and the rill,
+Separated Occoneechee
+From her lover Whippoorwill.
+
+Then she to the Hiawassee,
+Wound the mountain-side and vale,
+And she made a boat of hemlock,
+And she left the mountain trail,
+And she launched the boat of hemlock
+On the Hiawassee tide,
+Launched the boat and went within it,
+Down the silver stream to glide.
+
+Down the river set with forest,
+Nottely joins the quickened pace
+Of the river and the maiden,
+In their onward rapid race,
+And she passes through the narrows,
+Through the narrows quick she flew,
+Through the spray and foaming current,
+With her long hemlock canoe.
+
+Faster sped the boat of hemlock,
+Past the mountains and the shoal,
+Past the inlet Conasauga,
+Where Okoee waters roll;
+Here she stopped to make inquiry
+Of a relegated brave.
+If he'd seen her wandering lover,
+In the forest, by the wave.
+
+Then she left the boat of hemlock,
+Roamed the forest far and wide,
+Crossed the mountain streams and fountains,
+With their cliff and foaming tide,
+Followed far Okoee river,
+Toccoa laves her weary feet,
+Ellijay and Coogawattee
+Do the pretty maiden greet.
+
+Not a word in all her wanderings
+Did she hear of Whippoorwill,
+Though she roamed through leagues of forest,
+And by many a rippling rill.
+Candy creek and Oostanula,
+Both were followed to their source,
+With their winding current flowing
+In their ever onward course.
+
+Where the brave had traveled with her,
+And had told her many tales
+Of the wars he'd been engaged in,
+And the windings of the trails,
+Over which the tribe had traveled
+In the years that long had flown,
+And the land now held by strangers,
+Which his tribe once called their own.
+
+And at evening in the autumn,
+When the leaves turn brown and red,
+And the hickory and the maple
+Gild with yellow as they shed,
+And the poplar and the chestnut,
+And the beech and chinquapin,
+Hide the squirrel and the pheasant
+From the sight of selfish men;
+
+Where the grapevine climbs the alder,
+Clings with tendril to the pine,
+And the air is sweetly laden
+With rich odors from the vine;
+And the walnut and the dogwood
+Furnish dainties rich and rare,
+For the chipmunk and the partridge,
+Which perchance do wander there.
+
+Where the otter slide is slickened,
+And the weasel and the mink
+Do come creeping down the river,
+There to bathe and fish and drink,
+And the red fox roams the forest,
+And defies the fleetest hound,
+And the panther in the forest
+Makes a hideous screaming sound.
+
+Here the brave would sit and tell them
+Tales and myths told oft before,
+Tales of war and of adventure,
+By great chiefs now known no more;
+And one night they heard the shrieking
+Of a wildcat near the stream,
+That awakened them from slumber
+And disturbed their peaceful dream;
+
+For a panther, fierce and fearless,
+Had come creeping down the side
+Of the cliffs far up the mountain,
+Near the Hiawassee tide,
+And they met down near the river,
+And they fought down near the stream,
+And they made the night grow hideous
+With their awful shrieks and scream.
+
+Then she took her boat of hemlock,
+And they launched it on the wave,
+And they sat upon its gunnels,
+Occoneechee squaw and brave,
+And they pushed out in the current,
+Where the waves were rolling high,
+And the boat sped through the rapids,
+Fast as flocks of pigeons fly.
+
+Pushed they down and ever onward
+Toward the placid Tennessee,
+To the island and the inlet
+Of the rolling Hiawassee.
+Here they camped o'er night and rested,
+Told they tales of long ago,
+With their memories and sorrows
+Breathed they out their care and woe.
+
+Then they floated down the river,
+On its smooth, unrippled tide.
+To the creek of Chicamauga,
+Where so many braves had died.
+And they tented near the river,
+Tied their boat up to the bank,
+Where John Ross had crossed the river,
+Where his ferryboat once sank.
+
+Wandered through the vale of dryness,
+Chattanooga's pretty flow,
+Clear as crystal, pure as sunbeams,
+Winding hither too and fro.
+Drank the waters, bathed they in it,
+Fished and hunted stream and plain,
+Where the buffalo once wandered,
+But where none now doth remain.
+
+Like a serpent that is crawling,
+Wriggling, writhing, resting not,
+Fleeing from a strange invader
+To some lone secluded spot,
+Winds and curves and turns forever,
+In its course that has no end,
+Swings to starboard and to larboard,
+Round the Moccasin's great bend.
+
+Flows the river on forever,
+By the nodding flowering tree,
+Shedding fragrance like a censer,
+Flows the pretty Tennessee;
+On her bosom's crest is carried
+Precious burdens, rich and rare,
+From the fertile fields about her,
+And the ozone-laden air.
+
+Occoneechee squaw and warrior
+Rode the silver-flowing tide,
+in the boat made out of hemlock,
+Which so long had been their pride;
+But the time now came for parting,
+As must come in every life,
+That is heir to human nature,
+With its toil and woe and strife.
+
+Here Sequatchie's fertile valley,
+They approached and must ascend,
+Like the cloud before the sunbeam,
+Driven by the fiercest wind;
+Then they hid the boat of hemlock,
+Sure and safe, then bade adieu,
+To the boat upon the river,
+Which had been their friend so true.
+
+Then they mounted little ponies,
+Fresh and sleek and fat and fast,
+And they sped along the valley,
+Like the birds upon the blast,
+Looking for the handsome warrior,
+Looking hither, glancing there,
+And quite often on the journey,
+They would stop to offer prayer;
+
+But the valley held the secret;
+Not a living man could wrest,
+From the valley rich and fertile,
+Secrets buried in its breast;
+Though the tribe had ceased to own it,
+Though the tribe had passed away,
+From the valley of Sequatchie,
+Like the fading of the day,
+
+Still the signs and many tokens
+Told a tale of war and strife,
+Where the whites had used the rifle,
+And the braves had used the knife,
+For the bleaching bones of warriors
+Were discovered everywhere,
+And the hideous sight brought sorrow,
+To this maiden now so fair,
+
+Birds were singing in the forest,
+Merrily and full of glee,
+And a symphony unrivaled
+Flooded forestland and lea;
+With the mellow tones from singers,
+Varied, versatile and sweet,
+Came from forest and from meadow,
+Came the attuned ear to greet.
+
+And when evening shade would settle,
+And the moon full rose to view,
+And the zephyrs filled the valley,
+And the flowers suffused with dew,
+Then the nightingale would lure them
+Or the mockingbird hold sway,
+From the advent of Orion,
+Till the dawning of the day.
+
+Stretching meadows lay before them,
+Rich with fragrance, rare with flowers,
+Variegated blending colors
+Lent a rapture to its bowers,
+That outstripped the fields elysian,
+Decked with Nature's rarest guise,
+Pleasure-house for wisest sages,
+Such as only fools despise.
+
+Such the scenes within the valley,
+As they joyous sped along,
+Filled with rapture, filled with pleasure,
+At the scenery and the song.
+Nature clapped her hands exultant,
+In the sylvan groves so green,
+Where the Goddess Proserpina
+Was enthroned majestic queen.
+
+Mighty warriors red with passion,
+Once had trod this virgin soil,
+And had rested in the valley,
+When o'ercome by heat and toil;
+Sportive maidens once delighted
+To engage in dance and song,
+With the warriors in the valley,
+With the chieftains brave and strong.
+
+But the mighty men and maidens
+Long since ceased this land to roam,
+Since the pale face armed with power,
+Killed the braves and burned the home,
+Took the land and burned the wigwam,
+Bound the chief and drove away,
+All the warriors, squaws and maidens,
+Toward the golden close of day.
+
+Happy children, wild with rapture,
+Laughed with ecstasy and glee,
+Once had filled the vale with echoes,
+And had sported lithe and free,
+All along the hill-locked valley,
+Played lacrosse and strung the bow,
+Ran the races, caught the squirrel,
+In the distant long ago.
+
+Sped they like the rolling torrent,
+Thru the Appalachian chain,
+With its towering peaks and gorges,
+'Mid its sunshine and its rain,
+Sped along the flowing Chuckey,
+With its reddened banks of clay,
+Were delighted by its beauty,
+Were enticed with it to stay;
+
+Saw the rushing, rolling waters
+Fall and foam and seeth below,
+Saw the cascade of Watauga
+Surging hither to and fro;
+Looked with tireless vision upward,
+Viewed from summits high and proud,
+Landscapes grander than Olympus,
+With their crags above the cloud.
+
+"Occoneechee," said the warrior,
+In a gentle tone, and mild,
+"I remember all this grandeur,
+Since I was a little child,
+I have traveled trail and mountain,
+Chased Showono, deer and bear,
+Crossed Kentucky in the chases,
+Seen the blue-grass state so fair.
+
+Once while hotly, I pursuing,
+Buck with antlers fierce and strong,
+Came upon a band of white men,
+With their rifles black and long,
+Came a flash of rifle powder,
+Quick as lightning came the sounds,
+From reverberating rifles,
+And the bark of baying hounds.
+
+They had slain the buck with antlers,
+And would be upon me soon,
+If discovered by their captain,
+By their captain, Daniel Boone;
+He the hunter, Indian hater,
+Chief and captain, pioneer,
+Known to every tribe and tribesman,
+To be destitute of fear.
+
+Quick I back into the forest,
+Without noise or slightest sound,
+Lest perchance I draw attention,
+From the hunter or his hound.
+'Twas a wilderness of wildness,
+Transylvania was its name,
+Home of coon and hare and turkey,
+And all sorts of kindred game.
+
+Once the noble chiefs and warriors
+Roamed Kentucky far and wide,
+Far along the broad Ohio,
+Strode the Indians by her tide;
+And they camped and roamed the forest,
+Dense and dark, supremely grand,
+Dominated vale and forest,
+Dominated all the land;
+
+Chased the scouting bands of warriors,
+Who would dare to camp and die,
+On the soil of old Kentucky,
+Where the meadow grass grew high;
+Hiding 'neath the waving grasses,
+Where the muskrat and the snake,
+And the hedge hog and the weasel,
+Lurked in shade of vine and brake.
+
+I was with good Junaluska,
+In the battles and the raids,
+Where the Creek and the Showano
+Lent each other all their aids,
+When upon the Tallapoosa
+River, at the Horseshoe bend,
+We joined hands with General Jackson,
+And by death we made an end,
+
+Of the Creeks and all their allies,
+Who assembled, one and all.
+To resist our mighty forces,
+They had built their mighty wall,
+Built it strong and reinforced it,
+Not a single spot was weak,
+For 'twas built by master workmen,
+By the tribesmen of the Creek.
+
+When the work was strong and finished,
+All the warriors came to dwell
+In the fortress, by the river,
+Came they tales of war to tell;
+Came a thousand of the warriors,
+With their weapons and their wives,
+Came and lodged within the fortress,
+Like the swarming bees in hives;
+
+Brought their children and their chattels,
+Brought they gun, and club and spear,
+For they thought once in the fortress,
+That they'd have no harm to fear,
+But the Cherokee and Jackson
+Brought out cannon great and small,
+And they raised the siege of Horseshoe,
+Throwing many a shell and ball;
+
+Into fortress, into village,
+Flew the missiles thick and fast,
+Like the rain, among the rigging,
+Of the sailor's spar and mast,
+Crushing, crashing stone of fortress,
+Making splinters of the wall,
+Of the fortress by the river,
+With the heavy cannon ball.
+
+But it fell not in the fury
+Of the battle's hottest fray,
+Stood the test like old Gibraltar,
+All the night and all the day,
+And the progress was so slowly,
+That the battle must be lost,
+To the Cherokee and Jackson,
+And so great would be the cost,
+
+If some means were not discovered,
+To dislodge the valiant Creek,
+Now entrenched within the fortress,
+Growing strong instead of weak.
+Junaluska said to Jackson,
+'Choose ye this day man or men,
+Who can breast the tide before you,
+Who will try to enter in;
+
+Who can swim the Tallapoosa,
+Who can stem the flowing tide,
+Who are noble, strong and fearless,
+And have God upon their side.
+If you have such men among you,
+Let them come forth one and all,
+Let them dare to do their duty,
+Let them dare to stand or fall.'
+
+Not one man of all the white men
+Could be found who dared to try
+To o'ercome the Tallapoosa,
+Or would risk his life to die.
+So your guide whom God has given,
+Volunteered to risk the wave,
+With your father, Junaluska,
+Volunteered, his tribe to save.
+
+Then we sought our God in silence,
+And became resigned to death,
+That lay out upon the current
+Of the river's silent breath.
+Under cover of the darkness,
+And the solitude of night,
+We betook the awful peril,
+With a tremor of delight.
+
+Silently we now descended
+To the deathlike river tide,
+Following a star's reflection,
+For a signboard and a guide;
+To point out the right direction,
+And to bring us into port,
+Where the canoes lay at anchor,
+Near the stolid silent fort.
+
+Quick we loosed them from their moorings
+Each man lashed beside his boat--
+Quite a dozen, swift as arrows,
+And we set them all afloat;
+Shot them straight across the river,
+Like a flash at lightning speed,
+Faster than the fleetest greyhound,
+Bounding like a blooded steed.
+
+When we reached the army's landing,
+Quick the boats were filled with men;
+Like a thunderbolt from heaven,
+Did the deadly work begin.
+Transports glided o'er the current,
+Like a shuttle to and fro,
+Moving Cherokee and white men,
+To confront a worthy foe.
+
+Scaled the ramparts of the fortress,
+Stormed the inner citadel,
+And we massacred the inmates!
+How? No human tongue can tell.
+Not a woman, child or human
+Made escape, but all were slain
+In the fort or in the river,
+Or upon the gory plain.
+
+When the massacre and slaughter
+Had abated, all the slain
+Numbered more than a thousand,
+In the fort or on the plain.
+Many floated in the river,
+Many died out in the woods,
+And were buried in the forest,
+By erosion or the floods.
+
+Sad and silent stood the fortress,
+All deserted and alone;
+Not a man or child or matron,
+Now was left to claim their own.
+All the warriors and the chieftains
+Died in conflict true and brave;
+None were left to tell the story,
+Or to mark some lonely grave.
+
+Cruel man! O God, forgive them!
+Pity such a cruel race.
+In their stead, O God of nations,
+Send some one to take their place,
+Who is humane, who is human,
+Who is honest, kind and true,
+Who when given strength and power,
+Destroys not, but spares a few.
+
+In the lore of ancient nations,
+In the tales of modern times,
+In the prose that now remaineth,
+Nor the poet's splendid rhymes,
+Is a story told more cruel
+Than the slaughter of the Creeks,
+By the Persians, Jews or Romans,
+Macedonians or Greeks;
+
+Where a nation, like a shadow,
+Vanished quickly and was not,
+Like a vapor in the valley
+Passes and is soon forgot.
+Passes like a fleeing phantom,
+Like a mist before the sun,
+Came and tarried for a moment,
+And forever was undone.
+
+Occoneechee, come and travel,
+To the distant mountains high,
+Where the summit of the mountains,
+Tower upward toward the sky.
+Delectable the splendid mountains,
+Rich in ferns forever green,
+And the galaxy of the mountains
+Are the rarest ever seen.
+
+Mortal eyes have never witnessed,
+Mortal tongue can never tell
+Of the grandeur and the beauty
+Of the ravine and the dell.
+Strange declivities confront you,
+Then a sudden upright wall
+Rises like a mystic figure,
+With a splendid waterfall.
+
+I will take you to the summit
+Of the mountains white with age,
+And will show you where the tempests
+Rush and roar with ceaseless rage,
+Where phenomena electric
+Makes mysterious display
+Of their power and their beauty
+In the distance far away;
+
+You can see the flash of lightning,
+And can hear the thunders roll,
+With reverberating echoes,
+That o'erwhelm your very soul,
+Make you sigh and shake and shudder,
+Make you tremble like a leaf,
+Make you crouch in soul and body,
+Like the life o'ercome with grief.
+
+Yet you stand and gaze in wonder,
+Watch the elements grown dark;
+Adoration turns to terror,
+At the least electric spark;
+Vivid flashes light the heavens,
+Keep them in perpetual glow,
+Like aurora borealis
+From beyond eternal snow.
+
+God eternal sends the sunshine,
+Melts the vapor, chains the cloud,
+Cages up the lightning flashes,
+Stops the peels of thunder loud.
+Changes discord into music,
+And the soul with it He thrills,
+From the music on the mountains,
+Made by leaping, laughing rills.
+
+Look! behold the ray that cometh,
+Fills the earth with hope again,
+Dissipates the clouds and vapor,
+With their shadows and their rain.
+See the sunburst full of glory,
+Shoot forth rays of gilt and gold,
+Sung by bards, portrayed by artists
+Yet its glory ne'er was told.
+
+Painters fail to give description,
+Fail on canvas to portray,
+Rising sun within the mountains,
+And the glorious dawn of day;
+Sages, bards and humble poets,
+All are pigmies in the eyes
+Of the one who stands and watches
+Sunshine from its sleep arise.
+
+Picturesque! O scenes eternal!
+From the dizzy, dizzy heights
+Of Grandfather, Rone and Linville,
+From which rivers take their flights.
+Yadkin, Broad and the Catawbas,
+Where the Indians used to roam,
+Are the habitation only
+Of the white man and his home.
+
+High upon the Linville mountains
+Creeps a silent silver stream,
+From the shadows of the forest,
+Like the splendor of a dream,
+Then it runs amid the boulders,
+Joins with many sparkling rills,
+That comes rushing from the forest,
+Of those high eternal hills,
+
+Till its speed becomes augmented,
+Till you hear the rushing sounds,
+Of the Linville river raging,
+As it leaps and falls and bounds,
+As it dashes through the granite,
+Falls into the natural pool,
+Built by nature in the chasm,
+With its water clear and cool.
+
+In the Blue Ridge range of mountains
+Stand a thousand spires and domes,
+Built of adamant eternal,
+From whose base the river roams,
+Like the maiden Occoneechee,
+Wanders out replete with tears,
+Into strange lands, unto strangers,
+Thru the lapse of passing years,
+
+Longing to be reunited,
+With her fiance forever,
+From his presence and his wooing,
+To be separated never.
+Thus the river and the maiden
+Rambled through the mountains wild,
+Seeking for a long lost lover,
+As a mother seeks her child.
+
+Climbs the black dome of the mountain,
+Richest pinnacle e'er seen;
+And the landscape lay before her,
+With its mounds and vales between.
+Lends enchantment grand and gorgeous,
+Gives a new lease unto life,
+And you soon forget you're living
+In a world of care and strife.
+
+Thus Mount Mitchell in the Blue Ridge,
+Zenith hill among the hills,
+Sends forth life anew forever,
+And a thousand rippling rills.
+In the distance the Savannah's
+Flows a stream of pure delight,
+Flows she on, and on forever,
+Never stopping day or night.
+
+For her mission is a true one,
+And the river ever true,
+Rolls along the grandest valley,
+That a river e'er rolled through;
+Peopled by a population
+Rich in soul and thought divine,
+From her source up in the mountains,
+Till her soul the sea entwines.
+
+Turning to the sun that's setting,
+Setting far beyond the rim,
+Of the horizon of vision,
+Where the eyes grow weak and dim,
+You behold the Swannanoa,
+Naiad, pure and fresh and sweet,
+Crystalline, and cool and limpid,
+Strays some other stream to greet.
+
+From the cliffside in the mountains
+Roll a thousand little streams,
+Laughing as they greet each other,
+Where the sunshine never beams;
+Rippling, idling, swirling slowly,
+Leaping down a waterfall,
+You can hear the drops of water,
+Sweetly to their compeers call.
+
+Down the valley glides the river,
+Murmuring a sad farewell,
+To the birds and bees and people,
+Who along its highway dwell;
+Wishing them a happy future,
+Wishing them prosperity,
+While it fills its many missions
+'Twixt the mountains and the sea.
+
+Bathing rocks, refreshing people,
+Casting up its silver spray,
+As it glides along the valley,
+Flows forever and for aye.
+Men may move their tents and chattels,
+Others die or go astray,
+Still the stream flows fresh forever,
+Never resting night or day.
+
+Giving life unto the flowers,
+Blooming on its verdant side,
+As it travels, as it journeys,
+As its ripples make their stride.
+In the gloaming of the twilight,
+When the birds had ceased to fly,
+And the dazzling dome of heaven
+Gave resplendence to the sky.
+
+Occoneechee, squaw and warrior,
+Watched the stream, as on it sped,
+Rippling o'er the pebbly bottom,
+Lying on its rocky bed;
+Grasses waving green around them,
+Nodding boughs bid them adieu,
+And it wafted them caresses,
+Like the sunbeams sparkling dew.
+
+Precious fragrance filled the valley,
+From the sweet shrub and the pine,
+Luscious fruits and ripening melons
+Lade the apple tree and vine.
+All along the pretty valley,
+Harvest fields and curing hay
+Make the white man rich and happy,
+Where the warriors used to stray.
+
+At the juncture of the river,
+Where the Indians used to dwell,
+Where they made their pots of red clay,
+Made them crude but made them well,
+Here they tented long and hunted,
+Fished the Tah-kee-os-tee stream,
+Strolled along the racing river,
+Where its rippling waters gleam.
+
+Moons passed on, and yet no greetings
+Came to cheer the wandering maid,
+Who so long had sought her lover,
+Till her hopes began to fade,
+And she felt that she must hasten,
+Quickly hasten thru the wild,
+By the rapid river racing,
+She the nature-loving child.
+
+Then they took their little ponies,
+Girt them with a roebuck hide,
+Seated on the nimble ponies,
+Started swiftly on the ride,
+On to Toxaway the river,
+On to Toxaway the lake,
+Where the leaf of vine and alder,
+Hide the muskrat and the snake.
+
+All along the racing river,
+Gorgeous forest trees are seen,
+And the wild deer in the forest
+Dwells beneath the coat of green.
+Here the beaver, hare and turkey
+Share their food and come to drink,
+In the splendid spreading forest,
+Near the Tah-kee-os-tee's brink.
+
+Here they fished and caught the rainbow,
+Caught the little mountain trout,
+In the lake and in the river,
+With their poles both crude and stout;
+Caught the squirrel and the pheasant,
+Chased the turkey, deer and bear,
+Caught a-plenty, all they needed,
+Yet they had not one to spare.
+
+In the sapphire land they lingered
+Many days and many nights,
+On the mountains, 'mid the laurel,
+Looking at the wondrous sights,
+That will greet you in the mountains,
+That you see in vales below,
+As you tread the paths untrodden,
+As you wander to and fro.
+
+In the forest land primeval
+Where the fountains form their heads,
+Lies the famous vale of flowers,
+Splendid valley of pink beds.
+Every tribe and every hunter
+Knows this lone secluded spot,
+From the other vales so famous;
+When once seen is ne'er forgot.
+
+In this vale of flowers and sunshine,
+Lies the Aidenn, most tranquil,
+Where the sore and heavy-laden,
+Gambol peacefully at will;
+Hear the trill of distant music,
+Played on Nature's vibrant chime,
+Resonant with sweetest concord
+All attuned to perfect time.
+
+Here the weary, heavy-laden
+Soul, may lose his load of care,
+And the body, sick and wounded,
+Find an answer to his prayer.
+Precious incense here arises,
+From the brasier of the vale
+That ascends the lofty mountains,
+By an unseen, trackless trail.
+
+Pisgah stands, the peer and rival
+Of Olympus, famed of old,
+Where the gods met in their councils,
+And their consultations held.
+Looking far across the valleys,
+They behold on either side,
+Rivers, vales and gushing fountains,
+Which forever shall abide.
+
+In the distance stands eternal,
+Junaluska's pretty mound,
+Which in beauty of the landscape
+Is the grandest ever found.
+Rushing streams of purest water,
+Giving off their silver spray,
+Add a beauty to the forest,
+In a new and novel way.
+
+And the balsam peaks of fir tree
+Looks like midnight in the day,
+Looks like shadows in the sunshine,
+In the fading far away.
+Dense and dark and much foreboding
+Apprehensions do declare,
+To the one who sleeps beneath them
+With its flood of balmy air.
+
+"Occoneechee, forest dweller,
+We have traveled many miles,
+Through the mountains, o'er the valleys,
+Where the face of Nature smiled;
+We have tasted of the fountains,
+Whence breaks forth the Keowee,
+Nymph of beauty, joy and pleasure,
+Once the home of Cherokee.
+
+We have rested near the water,
+Seen the fleck and shimmering flow,
+Of the waters kissed by Nature,
+Lovely river Tugaloo,
+Where the Cherokee once rambled,
+Spoiled 'mid the scenes so wild,
+Where the forest and the river
+Have the wood-gods oft beguiled.
+
+Wandered o'er the sapphire country,
+Land which doth the soul delight,
+With its mounds and vales and rivers;
+God ne'er made a holier site
+For the human race to dwell in,
+Where the human soul can rise,
+Higher in its aspirations
+Toward the rich Utopian skies"
+
+Here the lyrics sung by Nature,
+Played upon its strings of gold,
+Float out on the evening breezes,
+And its music ne'er grows old,
+To the soul and life and spirit,
+Which is bent and bowed with care.
+This the sweetest land Elysian,
+To the one who wanders there.
+
+Convolutions of the lilies,
+Tranquil bloom and curve and die,
+Near the river, 'neath the shadows
+Of the white pine, smooth and high.
+Sparkling, gleaming in the sunlight
+Bursts the water, pure and free,
+From the rocks high on the mountains,
+Once the home of Cherokee.
+
+Dancing, rippling, roaring, rushing,
+Comes Tallulah in its rage,
+Like an eagle bounding forward,
+From an exit in a cage.
+In the distance, you behold it
+Rise and babble, laugh and smile;
+Then amid the reeds and rushes,
+Turns and loiters for awhile.
+
+Then it curves among the eddies,
+Hastens on to meet the bend,
+In the meadows, like the fragrance
+Borne aloft upon the wind;
+Silently reflecting sunbeams
+To the distant verdant hill
+From its surface calm and placid,
+Smooth, untarnished little rill;
+
+Gleams and glides accelerated,
+As it gathers, as it grows,
+As the brook becomes a river,
+As it ever onward flows;
+Swirls and turns and dashes downward,
+Heaves and moans and dashes wild,
+For a chasm down the canyon,
+Like a lost, demented child;
+
+Furious, frantic, leaps and lashes
+Down into the great abyss,
+Falls and foams and seethes forever
+Where the rocks and river kiss.
+Tallulah Falls, the work and wonder
+Of the cycles and the age,
+Pours its deluge down the ravine,
+Unobstructed in its rage.
+
+Flying fowls of evil omen,
+Dare not stop it in its flight,
+Lest the river overwhelm them
+With its power of strength and might--
+Lest the river dash to pieces
+Bird or beast that would impede
+Such a torrent as confronts you
+With its force of fearful speed.
+
+Then it rushes fast and furious
+Into mist and fog and spray,
+Rises like the ghost of Banquo,
+Will not linger, stop nor stay.
+O'er the precipice it plunges,
+Bounds and surges down the steep,
+As it gushes forth forever,
+Toward the blue and boundless deep.
+
+In the Appalachian mountains
+Stands Satulah, high and proud,
+With its base upon the Blue Ridge,
+And its head above the cloud.
+From its top the panorama
+Rises grandly into view,
+And presents a thousand landscapes,
+Every one to Nature true.
+
+Round by round the mountains rise up,
+Round on round, and tier on tier,
+You behold them in their beauty,
+Through a vista, bright and clear.
+Like concentric circles floating,
+Ebbing on a crystal bay
+To the distance they're receding,
+Fading like declining day.
+
+Hardby stands the Whiteside Mountain,
+Like an athlete, strong and tall,
+Perpendicularly rising
+As a mighty granite wall;
+Towering o'er the Cashier's valley,
+Stretching calmly at its base,
+Like a bouquet of rich roses
+Beautifying Nature's vase.
+
+High above the other mountains,
+Whiteside stands in bold relief,
+With its court house and its cavern
+Refuge for the soul with grief;
+Like a monolith it rises
+To a grand majestic height,
+Till its crest becomes a mirror,
+To refract the rays of light.
+
+From its summit grand and gorgeous
+Like a splendid stereoscope,
+Comes a view yet undiscovered
+Full of awe, and life and hope.
+Smiling vales and nodding forests
+Greet you like a loving child,
+From the zenith of the mountain,
+Comes the landscape undefiled.
+
+Flying clouds pour forth their shadows,
+As the curious mystic maze
+Shrouds the mountains from the vision,
+With its dark and lowering haze.
+Fog so dense come stealing o'er you
+That you know not day from night,
+Till the rifting of the shadows
+Makes room for the golden light.
+
+In the Blue Ridge, near the headland
+In the Hamburg scenic mountains,
+Comes a silver flow of water
+From a score of dancing fountains,
+Tripping lightly, leaping gently,
+Slipping 'neath the underbrush
+Without noise it creepeth slowly
+Toward the place of onward rush.
+
+Floats along beneath the hemlock,
+Nods to swaying spruce and pine,
+Murmurs in its pebbly bottom
+Holds converse with tree and vine.
+Winds around the jutting ledges
+Of translucent spar and flint,
+With effulgence like the jasper
+With its glare and gleam and glint.
+
+Moving onward, moving ever,
+In its course o'er amber bed,
+While the bluejay and the robin
+Perch in tree top overhead;
+Perch and sing of joy and freedom,
+Fill the glen with pleasure's song,
+As the waters, fresh and sparkling,
+Rippling, gliding, pass along.
+
+Thus the Tuckaseigee river
+Rises far back in the dell,
+Where the dank marsh of the mountain
+Rise and fall, assuage and swell,
+Till its flow becomes augmented
+By a thousand little streams
+Coming from the rocky highlands
+Through their fissures and their seams.
+
+Fills the valley, passes quickly,
+Trips and falls a hundred feet,
+Swirls a moment, makes a struggle,
+Doth the same rash act repeat.
+Rushes, rages, fumes and surges,
+Dashes into mist and spray,
+Heaves and sighs, foments and lashes,
+As it turns to rush away;
+
+Roars and fills the earth and heaven
+With the pean of its rage,
+Plunges down deep in the gulches,
+Where the rocks are worn with age.
+Maddened by the sudden conflict,
+Starts anew to rend the wall
+That confines its turbid waters
+To the defile and the fall.
+
+Once again it leaps and rushes
+Toward the towering granite wall,
+And it bounds full many a fathom
+In its final furious fall.
+Much it moans and seethes and surges,
+Starts again at rapid speed,
+O'er the rocky pot-hole gushes
+Like a gaited blooded steed.
+
+Thus the Tuckaseigee river
+Falls into the great abyss
+Down the canyon, rough and rugged,
+Where the spar and granite kiss.
+Then it flows still fast and faster,
+With its flood both bright and clear,
+Through the cycles ripe with ages
+Month on month and year on year.
+
+Near the apex of the mountains,
+In the silence of the dale,
+Where no human foot has trodden
+Path or road or warrior's trail,
+From the tarn or seep there drippeth
+Crystal water bright and free,
+That becomes a nymph of beauty,
+Pretty vale of Cullowhee.
+
+In the spreading vale the townhouse,
+And the Indian village stood;
+In the alcove, well secluded,
+In the grove of walnut wood.
+Ancient chiefs held many councils,
+Sung the war-song, kept the dance,
+While the squaws and pretty maidens
+Vie each other in the prance.
+
+Cullowhee, thou stream and valley,
+Once the domicile and home,
+Of a people free and happy,
+Free from tribal fear and gloom,
+Where, O where, are thy great warriors--
+Where thy chiefs and warriors bold--
+Who once held in strict abeyance
+Those who plundered you of old?
+
+Gone forever are thy warriors,
+Gone thy chiefs and maidens fair,
+Vanished like the mist of summer,
+Gone! but none can tell us where.
+From their homes were hounded, driven,
+Like the timid hind or deer,
+Herded like the driven cattle,
+Forced from home by gun and spear.
+
+"Tell me, vale or rippling water,
+Tell me if ye can or will,
+If you've seen my long-lost lover
+Known as wandering Whippoorwill?"
+But the water, cool and placid,
+That comes from the mountain high
+Swirled a moment, then departing
+Made no answer or reply.
+
+Then the maiden's grief grew greater,
+As she lingered by the stream
+Watching for some sign or token
+Or some vision through a dream;
+But no dream made revelation,
+Only sorrow filled her years,
+And her eyes lost much of luster
+As her cheeks suffused with tears.
+
+Turning thence into the forest
+Over hill and brook and mound,
+To the Cullasaja river
+Through the forest land they wound;
+Through the tangled brush and ivy,
+Rough and rugged mountainside,
+Led the ponies through the forest,
+Far too steep for them to ride.
+
+They descended trails deserted,
+Where the chieftains used to go,
+Near the Cullasaja river,
+Near its rough uneven flow;
+Camped upon its bank at evening,
+Heard at night the roar and splash
+Of the voice of many waters
+Down the fearful cascade dash.
+
+Stood at sunrise where the shadow
+Of the cliffs cast darkening shade,
+Where the rainbows chase the rainbow
+Like as sorrows chased the maid.
+Traveled down the silver current,
+Rested often on the way,
+Strolled the banks and fished the current
+Of the crystal Ellijay.
+
+Pleasantly the winding current
+Eddies, swirls and loiters free
+Till it joins the radiant waters
+Of the little Tennessee;
+Where the mound stands in the meadow,
+Once the townhouse capped its crest,
+There the tribe was wont to gather,
+Council, plan and seek for rest.
+
+To the mound the tribe assembled,
+From the regions all around,
+Came from Cowee and Coweeta,
+Where the Cherokee abound;
+Came from Nantahala mountains,
+Skeenah and Cartoogechaye,
+Nickajack and sweet Iola,
+And from Choga far away.
+
+All the great men and the warriors
+Brought the women, and their wives,
+Came by hundreds without number,
+Like the swarms around the hives;
+But today there is no warrior,
+Not a maiden can be found,
+Tenting on the pretty meadow,
+Or upon Nik-wa-sa mound.
+
+In the Cowee spur of mountains,
+Stands the Bald and Sentinel,
+Of the valley and the river,
+Of the moorland and the dell.
+Like a pyramid it rises,
+Layer on layer and flight on flight
+Till its crest ascends the confines
+Of the grand imperial height.
+
+From its summit far receding,
+Contours of the mountains rise,
+Numerous as the constellations
+In the arched dome of the skies.
+Far away beyond the valley
+Double Top confronts the eye,
+Black Rock rises like a shadow
+On the blue ethereal sky.
+
+Jones' Knob makes its appearance,
+Highest, grandest height of all
+Penetrates the vault of heaven,
+None so picturesque or tall.
+Wayah, Burningtown and Wesser
+Raise their bald heads to the cloud
+High and haughty, rich in beauty
+And extremely vain and proud.
+
+Una and Yalaka mountains
+Stand so near up by the side
+Of the Cowee, that you'd take them
+For its consort or its bride.
+Festooned, wreathed and decorated
+With the honeysuckle bloom,
+And the lady-slipper blossom,
+There dispels the hour of gloom.
+
+Ginseng and the Indian turnip
+Grow up from their fallow beds
+In the dark coves of the mountains,
+With their beaded crimson heads.
+Fertile fields and stately meadows
+Stretch along the sylvan streams
+And surpass the fields Elysian,
+Seen in visionary dreams.
+
+From the summit of the Cowee
+In the season of the fall,
+Fog fills all the pretty valley
+Settles like the deathly pall,
+Coming from the rill and river,
+To the isothermal belt,
+Where the sunbeam meets the fog-line
+And the frost and ices melt.
+
+Jutting tops of verdant mountains
+Penetrate the fog below,
+As the islands in the ocean
+Form the archipelago.
+Sea of fog stands out before you,
+With its islands and its reef
+Silent and devoid of murmur
+As the quivering aspen leaf.
+
+"Occoneechee, look to Northland,
+See the Smoky Mountains rise,
+Like a shadow in the valley
+Or a cloud upon the skies.
+Many days since you beheld them
+In their grand, majestic height;
+Many days from these you've wandered
+From their fountains, pure and bright.
+
+"Hie thee to the Smoky Mountains,
+Tarry not upon the plain,
+Linger not upon the border
+Of the fields of golden grain.
+Flee thee as a kite or eagle,
+Not a moment stop or stay,
+Hasten to Oconaluftee,
+Be not long upon the way.
+
+"I have much to speak unto you
+E'er I take my final leave,
+Some will sadden, some will gladden,
+Some bring joy and some will grieve.
+All our legends, myths and stories
+Soon will fall into decay,
+And I must transmit them to you
+E'er I turn to go away.
+
+"Mount thee, mount thee quick this pony,
+Spryly spring upon its back,
+Leave no vestige, sign or token
+Or the semblance of a track,
+Whereby man may trace or trail thee,
+In the moorland or morass,
+By the radiant river flowing
+Or secluded mountain pass.
+
+"Grasp the reins, hold fast the girdle,
+Like flamingoes make your flight
+To the great dome of the mountain
+That now gleams within your sight.
+Clingman's Dome, the crowning glory
+Of the high erupted hills,
+They will shield you and protect you,
+With its cliffs and rolling rills."
+
+Sped they like the rolling current,
+Sped they like a gleam of light,
+Sped they as the flying phantom
+Or a swallow in its flight,
+To their refuge in the mountain,
+To the temple of the earth,
+Near the lonely spot secluded,
+That had known her from her birth.
+
+Standing, gazing, watching, peering,
+Through the azure atmosphere,
+At the wilderness before you
+And the scene both rich and clear.
+Cerulean the gorgeous mountains
+Rise and loom up in your sight,
+Like a splendid constellation
+On a crisp autumnal night.
+
+'Twixt the fall and winter season,
+Comes a tinge of milky haze,
+Stealing o'er the Smoky Mountains,
+Shutting out the solar rays,
+Flooding vales and filling valleys,
+Coming, creeping, crawling slow,
+Fills the firmament with shadows
+As with crystal flakes of snow.
+
+Through the haze and mist and shadows
+You discern a ball of fire,
+From the rim of Nature rising
+As a knighted funeral pyre;
+Yet it moveth slowly upward,
+Creeps aloft along the sky,
+As a billow on the ocean
+Meets the ship, then passes by.
+
+This you say is Indian summer,
+Tepid season of the year,
+When glad harvest songs ascendeth
+Full of hope and love and cheer.
+From Penobscot, down the Hudson,
+By the Susquehanna wild,
+Through the Shenandoah valley
+Roamed the forest-loving child.
+
+Roamed the Mohawk and the Huron,
+Seneca and Wyandot,
+Delaware and the Mohican,
+Long since perished and forgot.
+Powhattan and Tuscarora,
+And the wandering Showano,
+Creek and Seminole and Erie,
+Miami and Pamlico,
+
+Chicasaw and the Osages,
+Kickapoo and Illinois,
+Ottawas and Susquehannas,
+Objibwas and Iroquois,
+Once enjoyed the Indian summers,
+Once to all this land was heir,
+Sportive, free and lithe and happy,
+Chief and maid and matron fair.
+
+As the blossoms in the forest
+Bloom, then fall into decay,
+So the mighty tribes here mentioned,
+Flourished, so traditions say;
+Then the coming of the white man,
+Spread consternation far and wide;
+Then decay and desolation
+Conquered all their manly pride.
+
+Treaties made were quickly broken
+And their homes were burned with fire,
+Which provoked the mighty tribesmen
+And aroused their vengeful ire.
+Furious raids on hostile savage
+With the powder-horn and gun,
+Soon reduced the noble red man
+Slowly, surely, one by one,
+
+Till not one now roams the forest,
+None are left to tell the tale;
+All their guns and bows are broken,
+None now for them weep or wail.
+Only names of streams and mountains
+Keep the memory aglow,
+Of the noble, brave and fearless
+Red men of the long ago.
+
+Cherokee, the seed and offspring
+Residue of Iroquois,
+Silently are disappearing
+Without pageantry or noise.
+Though more civil and more learned
+And much wiser than the rest,
+They will be amalgamated,
+By the white man in the West.
+
+Occoneechee and the chieftain
+Talked of all that they had seen,
+Of the flow of pretty rivers
+And the matchless mountains green,
+Of the ferns and pretty flowers,
+Parterre of rarest hue,
+Tint of maroon, white and yellow,
+Saffron, lilac, red and blue.
+
+Held they converse of their travels,
+Of the wilderness sublime,
+Of the myths and happy legends
+Told through yielding years of time.
+Of the wars and tales forgotten,
+Of the chiefs and warriors brave
+Who long since have run their journey,
+Who now sleep within the grave.
+
+At those tales the maiden wept loud,
+Sought for solace thru a sigh,
+Much o'ercome by thoughts of loved ones,
+And she prayed that she might die
+High upon the Smoky Mountains,
+Where no human soul can trace
+The seclusions of the forest
+To her lonely burial place.
+
+Bitterly she wailed in sorrow,
+Saying "Tell me, tell me why
+I am left out here so lonely,
+And my tears are never dry?
+Why he comes not at my calling,
+Why he roams some lonely way,
+Why does he not come back to me--
+Why does he not come and stay?
+
+"Why and where now does he linger?
+Tell me, silver, crescent moon,
+Shall our parting be forever--
+Shall our hopes all blast at noon?
+When love's bright star shines the brightest
+Shall it be the sooner set?
+Shall we e'er be reunited,
+Tell me, while hope lingers yet!
+
+"Does he linger in the mountains,
+Far up toward the radiant sky?
+Tell me, blessed God of Nature,
+Tell me, blessed Nunnahi.
+Has some evil spirit seized him,
+Hid or carried him away
+Far beyond the gleaming sunset,
+Far out toward the close of day?
+
+"Will he come back with the morning,
+Borne upon its wings of light,
+From the shade that long has lingered,
+From the darkness of the night?
+Is there none to bring me answer?
+Speak, dear Nature, tell me where
+I may find my long lost lover,
+Is my final feeble prayer."
+
+Then the chieftain, grand and noble,
+Came and lingered by her side,
+Like a lover in devotion
+Lingers near a loving bride.
+Then in accents like a clarion,
+Sweet and clear, but gently said,
+"Whippoorwill, my friend, your lover,
+Comes again, he is not dead!
+
+"I will go and hunt your lover,
+And will bring him to your side;
+I will roam the forest ever,
+And will cease to be your guide;
+I will find the one you've looked for,
+And will tell him that you live;
+I will tell him of your rambles,
+And will all my future give,
+
+"Till I find him in the forest,
+Or upon the flowing brink
+Of the Coosa river flowing,
+Where he used to often drink.
+In the everglades may linger,
+'Neath the shade of some cool palm,
+Sweetest refuge of the lowlands,
+With its air of purest balm.
+
+"Where the Seminole in silence,
+Made their refuge, long ago,
+From the fierce onslaught of Jackson,
+And exterminating woe.
+He may listen in the silence
+And the solitude of night,
+For some friendly sign or token
+Whereby he may make his flight.
+
+"When I've found him we will travel,
+We will travel night and day,
+We will hasten on our journey,
+Will not linger nor delay,
+We will speed along the valley
+Like the wind before the rain,
+We will neither stop nor tarry,
+Never from our speed refrain.
+
+"We will rush along the river,
+Like the maddened swollen tide,
+Like a leaf upon the cyclone
+Rushing forward in its pride;
+Over winter's snow and ices
+We will rush with greatest speed,
+Like a herd of frightened cattle
+Or a trained Kentucky steed.
+
+"I will tell him of your travels
+Into lands he's never seen,
+With their forests and their flowers,
+And their leaves of living green;
+How for years you've looked and waited,
+Watched the trail and mountainside,
+Watched and hoped long for him coming,
+That you might become his bride.
+
+"I am John Ax, Stagu-Nahi!
+Much I love the mountains wild!
+Friend of those who love the forest,
+Friend of those who love you, child.
+I bespeak a special blessing
+To attend you while I go
+Into strange lands, unto strangers,
+Hither, thither, to and fro."
+
+Then he pressed her to his bosom,
+Breathed a silent, parting prayer
+To the Nunnahi in heaven,
+For the lovely maid so fair;
+Prayed and blessed her, then departed
+Thru primeval forests wild,
+Sped he by the rolling waters,
+Heard them laugh and saw them smile.
+
+Sped he by the Coosa river,
+Where great brakes of waving cane,
+Bend before the blowing breezes,
+Like the waves of wind and rain.
+Took the trails where once the chieftain
+Strode at will in lordly pride,
+By the Coosa river flowing
+In its smooth, unrippled tide.
+
+Downward, onward, free and easy,
+Swirls and turns and travels slow,
+As it glitters in the sunlight,
+As its waters onward go.
+Sees the trail almost extinguished
+By the pretty Etawa,
+Where once dwelt in great profusion,
+Chief and maid and tawny squaw.
+
+Traveled far the Tallapoosa
+Into fen and deep morass,
+Through the wildwood, glade and forest
+Dark defile and narrow pass;
+Footsore, lame and often hungry,
+Traveled onward day and night,
+Like the wild goose speeding forward
+In its semi-annual flight.
+
+O'er the glebes of Alabama,
+Crossed the hill and stream and dale,
+To the Tuskaloosa flowing
+Near the ancient Indian trail,
+Now deserted and forsaken
+Is the war path and the land,
+By the Creek and great Muscogas
+Wandering, wild, nomadic band.
+
+Pensive, lonely and dejected,
+Penetrated he the wild,
+Over fen and bog and prairie,
+Into climates soft and mild.
+By lagoon and lake and river,
+By the deep translucent bay,
+Followed he the sun's direction,
+Many a night and sunlit day.
+
+Crossed the Mississippi delta,
+Wound through many moor and fen,
+Saw the shining stars at midnight,
+And the dawn of days begin;
+Heard the tramp of bear and bison,
+Heard the wild wolf's dismal howl,
+Saw the glowworm in the rushes,
+Heard the whippoorwill and owl.
+
+Heard the alligator bellow,
+Saw him swim the broad bayou,
+Saw the egret, crane and heron,
+Wading stark and tree-cuckoo.
+Trackless miles spread out before him,
+Stretching leagues of gama grass
+Lay across the course he traveled,
+Lay out where he had to pass.
+
+Dangling mosses from the tree tops,
+Swung by swaying winds and breeze,
+Cling with tendrils to the branches,
+Of the mighty live oak trees.
+Soft as lichens, light as feathers
+Was the tall untrodden grass,
+On the prairie and the meadow,
+And the spreading rich morass.
+
+Tranquil, peacefully and quiet
+Did the moons and moments wane,
+Till he came to Oklahoma,
+Into his own tribe's domain;
+Here he rested for a season,
+Ate the food and drank for health
+In the land of Oklahoma,
+Land of perfect natural wealth.
+
+Oklahoma, red man's country,
+Blest above all other lands,
+In her natural soil and climate,
+In her ore-beds and her sands;
+In her fertile fields and valleys,
+In her people, true and great,
+Cherokee and Creek and Choctaws
+Make the people of the state.
+
+Here's a land transformed in beauty,
+Touched and tilled by busy toil,
+Responds quickly to the tiller,
+Products of a generous soil.
+Fruits and flowers forever growing,
+Fields of gold and snowy white,
+Songs of harvest home and plenty
+Sung to every one's delight.
+
+Here with labor, love and patience,
+There arose an empire great,
+Which when settled, tilled and treated,
+Has become a powerful state;
+Filled with people true and honest,
+Filled with people thrifty too,
+And the land is flat and fertile,
+Best that mortals ever knew.
+
+Once where roamed the bear and bison,
+Where the she wolf and the owl
+Made their home and habitation,
+And the foxes used to prowl;
+Where the serpent coiled and waited,
+Hid beneath the waving grass
+To inject his fangs and venom
+In some human as he'd pass,
+
+Now there thrives the busy city,
+Bristling with the throb and thrill
+Of the commerce of a nation,
+Growing greater, growing still.
+All her farms and fields and ranches,
+Groan beneath their heavy load
+Of waving grain and lowing cattle;
+All the land with wealth is strewed.
+
+Then he rose up like the morning,
+From his slumber and his rest,
+To converse there with the chieftains
+Among whom he'd been a guest.
+Then he spoke of Carolina
+Toward the rising of the sun,
+Full of hope and awe and splendor
+Where his early life begun.
+
+And he spoke of Occoneechee
+In the land of hills and streams,
+In the land of wooded forests,
+Land of love and fondest dreams;
+Land where myths and mirth commingle,
+Where aspiring peaks point high,
+To the dials of the morning
+In the sweet "Land of the sky."
+
+Spoke he also of a chieftain,
+Known to her as Whippoorwill,
+Who once dwelt within the forest,
+Near a pleasant little rill,
+In the dark fens of the mountains,
+Back where oak and birchen grove
+Cast their shadows o'er the valley
+O'er the cliffs and deepest cove.
+
+Where glad song of the nightingale
+Is the sweetest ever heard,
+And far exceeds in melody,
+The trill of the mocking-bird.
+From the matutinal dawning
+Till the falling shades of night
+The songster sings in mellow tones
+To the auditor's delight.
+
+Long in silence sat the chieftain,
+Long he listened quite intent,
+To the story of the stranger,
+Catching all he said and meant,
+Of the maiden of the mountains,
+Of the trees and songs of bird,
+And the story lingered with him,
+Every syllable and word.
+
+Then the chieftain made inquiry
+Of the stranger true and bold,
+Who now came to tarry with them,
+Who was growing gray and old,
+Of the health and habitation
+Of the Eastern tribal band
+Who still dwelt amid the Smokies
+In his own sweet native land;
+
+Where his heart felt first the wooing,
+Where his hope of youth ran high,
+'Mid the hills of Carolina
+In the sweet "Land of the sky."
+In the land of flowers and sunshine,
+Land of silver-flowing streams,
+Land of promise full of blessings
+And of legends, myths and dreams;
+
+Land of pretty maids and matrons,
+Home where generous hearts are true,
+Where the sunshine chases shadows
+Down the vaults of vaporous blue.
+Where the wild flight of the eagle
+Soars beyond the keenest eye,
+In recesses of the heavens,
+In the blue ethereal sky.
+
+Rifting rocks and rolling rivers
+Doth adorn the hill and vale,
+Lilting melodies float outward
+On the vortex of the gale;
+This the land of Occoneechee,
+Land that Junaluska saw,
+Home of warrior, chief and maiden,
+Land of dauntless brave and squaw.
+
+Let us go back to those mountains,
+Once more let us view those hills,
+And let me hear the voice once more
+Of the laughing streams and rills;
+And let me view with raptured eye
+The blossom of tree and vine,
+Once more inhale the sweet ozone,
+Under tulip tree and pine.
+
+Those hills, delectable mountains,
+Outrival the scenes of Greece,
+Surpass in beauty and grandeur
+The Eagle or Golden Fleece.
+Those shrines and temples of granite,
+Glad sentinels of the free!
+There let me roam through dell once more,
+Let me glad and happy be.
+
+Some speak of splendid balmy isles,
+Far out in the rolling sea,
+Of spicy groves, and vine-clad hills,
+And of things which are to be;
+Of nymphs and naiads of the past,
+Of lands of the brave and free,
+But none of these can e'er surpass
+The hills of Cherokee;
+
+The hills where roamed the dusky maid,
+And the home of Whippoorwill,
+Where Occoneechee dreamed at night,
+By the gushing stream and rill.
+By strange enchanted mystic lake
+Where the wildest beasts are seen,
+Far back in the deep recess
+Of the mountain's verdure green.
+
+"Let autumn's wind blow swift its gale,
+The season of summer flee,
+But I will soon my lover meet,
+In the 'land of the brave and free,'
+I'll leave Tahlequah in the West,
+With this warrior at my side.
+We'll travel as the fleetest winds
+Unless ill fates betide.
+
+"While the morrow's stars are glowing,
+In the dials of the morn,
+I will start upon the journey,
+To the land where I was born."
+So he gathered up his chattels,
+Springing spryly on his steed,
+Made inquiry of the warrior,
+"Which of us shall take the lead?"
+
+Then the warrior to the chieftain
+Quick replied, "I'll lead the way
+Far across the hill and valley,
+Mounted on this splendid bay."
+Then they said to friend and neighbor,
+Old-time chief and child and squaw,
+"At the dawning, we will leave you,
+Leave the town of Tahlequah;
+
+"Leave the tribe and reservation,
+For a journey to the East,
+Where the tribesmen dwell together,
+Meet serenely, drink and feast,
+In a land where peace and pleasure
+Vie each other in the pace,
+Where the hopes of life are brightest
+To the fallen human race."
+
+Just then came a gleam like lightning,
+Shooting forth its silver ray,
+Which precedes the golden splendor
+Of the fast approaching day.
+This the advent and the token
+For the brave to lead the way
+Out across the plain and valley
+Toward the coming king of day.
+
+Then they seized the spear and trident,
+Bow and tomahawk and knife,
+And they left the scenes of conflict,
+With its turmoil and its strife;
+And they journeyed ever eastward,
+Days and many a-waning moon,
+Crossing river, lake and prairie,
+Spreading field and broad lagoon.
+
+Saw the Wabash and Missouri,
+Cumberland and Tennessee,
+Saw the Holston in its beauty
+And the town of Chilhowee.
+Looked down on the Nolachucky,
+Saw Watauga's crystal flow
+Gleam from out the moon's reflection
+From the canyon's depths below.
+
+Neptune, who pervades the water,
+Ne'er beheld a holier sight
+Than this happy, hopeful chieftain
+Did that crisp autumnal night.
+While he looked upon the water
+Bright and pure and crystalline,
+Fairest land and purest water
+Mortal eye had ever seen;
+
+He beheld there in his vision
+Such a Naiad divine,
+That he put forth his endeavors,
+That he might the maid entwine;
+But she flew back like a phantom,
+Back into the crescent wave,
+From the presence of the chieftain
+And the relegated brave;
+
+Flew back from him and departed
+And was lost to human eye;
+All that now lay out before him
+Was the stream and earth and sky.
+Full of disappointing beauty,
+Was the earth and sky and stream,
+When divested of the grandeur
+Of the vision and the dream.
+
+Then he rambled through the mountains
+Over crag and rugged steep,
+Through the laurel bed and ivy
+By exertion did he creep;
+Through the hemlock and the balsam
+Under oak and birchen tree,
+Gazing through the heath before him
+If perchance that he might see
+
+In the dim, dark, hazel distance,
+Far out on the mountainside
+Occoneechee, pure and lovely,
+Whom he longed to make his bride;
+Make his bride and dwell there with her
+'Mid aspiring peak and dome;
+Longed to have her sit beside him,
+In his peaceful mountain home.
+
+Wandered through the Craggy mountains
+Where no human foot had trod,
+And no eye had yet beheld it,
+Save the eye of Nature's God.
+For the spreading tree and forest
+Grew from out the virgin soil,
+And was free from all intrusions
+Of the white man's skill and toil.
+
+Now their speed was much retarded,
+Trails once plain were now unkept,
+And the chief and brave lamenting
+Laid themselves down there and wept;
+Wept for chiefs like Uniguski,
+Sequoya and Utsala,
+In the land of Tuckaleechee
+And for friends like Wil-Usdi. [1]
+
+Turning from his grief and sorrow
+For the chiefs of long ago,
+Ceasing all his deep repining
+From the burden of his woe,
+Looking far o'er hill and valley
+He beheld the gilded dome
+Of the Smokies in the distance,
+Near old Junaluska's home.
+
+Then the chieftain's hope grew stronger,
+As he looked upon the scene
+Of that splendid mountain forest
+With its crest of evergreen;
+Like a black cloud in the winter,
+Spreads upon the mountainside,
+This the forest land primeval
+That stands there in lordly pride,
+
+This the forest land primeval,
+Where the chieftains used to roam,
+Joined in chase of bear and bison,
+Once the red deer's winter home.
+Black and deep and dense the forest,
+Steep and high the cliffside stands,
+Where the Cherokee once wandered
+In their wild nomadic bands.
+
+As they gazed upon the scenery,
+Weird and wild and full of awe,
+They were filled with consternation
+At the sight both of them saw.
+Passing high up near the zenith
+Like an eagle in its flight
+Came the sound of wings and voices,
+On that moonlit autumn night.
+
+Voices like the rolling thunder
+Came resounding far and near,
+And the meteoric flashes
+Filled them full of awe and fear;
+Till they trembled like the aspen
+'Mid the tempest fierce and wild,
+Till it passes, then reposes,
+Calmly as a little child.
+
+Said the brave then to the chieftain,
+"This my token to depart,
+I must quickly make my exit,
+Though it grieves my soul and heart
+Thus to leave you in the forest,
+Out upon the mountainside,
+Without hope or friend or shelter,
+With no one to be your guide;
+
+"These the Nunnahi in heaven,
+Come to lead me far away,
+Over hill and dale and valley,
+Toward the final close of day.
+You will miss me in the morning,
+Miss me at the noon and night,
+When I'm mounted on my pinions
+And am lost to human sight.
+
+"Yet a moment I'm allotted
+To transmit to you my will;
+High here on the Smoky Mountains
+Near the bright translucent rill,
+Let me tell you while life lingers
+In the archives of my breast,
+Where you'll find sweet Occoneechee
+When my soul has flown to rest:
+
+"She still lingers in the forest,
+Near the sweet enchanted lake,
+Near the spirit land she lingers,
+Underneath the tangled brake.
+She holds all our myths and legends,
+Tales as told long years ago.
+Now I bid you leave me lonely
+To my fate of weal or woe.
+
+"Leave me quick, the spirits call me,
+Linger not within my sight,
+Hie thee quickly through the shadows
+Of this crisp autumnal night.
+Tell our friend, sweet Occoneechee,
+That I've gone to join the band
+Of the braves who have departed
+For the happy hunting land."
+
+Then a shadow passed between them,
+Like a cloud upon the sky,
+And the chief was separated
+There upon the mountain high,
+From his guide and friend forever,
+So his eye could never see.
+Whence he traveled, none returneth
+To explain the mystery.
+
+Thus bereft of friend and neighbor,
+Whippoorwill began to wail,
+For some mystic hand to guide him
+Back into the trodden trail,
+Where some chief had gone before him
+In the years that long had flown,
+Out upon the mystic ages,
+Now forgotten and unknown.
+
+But no spirit, sign or token
+Came from out the vista fair,
+Nothing saw, nor nothing heard he,
+Save the earth and scenery fair.
+As he stood and gazed in silence,
+Motionless and calm as death,
+Stillness reigned on hill and valley
+And the chieftain held his breath,
+
+While he strained his ears and vision,
+Listening, looking here and there,
+Waiting, watching, simply trusting
+For an answer to his prayer.
+Suddenly he heard the calling
+Of a voice so sweet and clear,
+That he answered, quickly answered,
+Though his heart was filled with fear.
+
+And the voice from out the forest,
+Called as calls the mating bird,
+In the bower in the springtime,
+Sweetest call that e'er was heard,
+Resonant comes, softly trilling,
+Sweetly to its lingering mate,
+In the silence of the forest,
+As they for each other wait.
+
+Then the chieftain bounded forward,
+Like a hound upon the trail,
+Thru the forest land primeval
+Over mound and hill and dale;
+Over ridge and rock and river,
+Thru the heath and brush and grass,
+Thru the land of the Uktena,
+Thru it all he had to pass.
+
+Till he reached the mystic region,
+Far back in the darkest glen,
+Near the lake of the enchanted
+Only known to bravest men.
+Here the bear and owl and panther,
+Find a cure for every ill,
+Find life's sweetest panacea,
+Near the sparkling crystal rill,
+
+High upon the Smoky Mountains
+Resonant with Nature wild,
+For the wanderer from the distance,
+And the tawny Indian child.
+This the forest land primeval,
+Full of awe and dread and dreams,
+Full of ghouls and ghosts and goblins,
+Full of rippling crystal streams.
+
+From the stream down in the ravine,
+Came another gentle call,
+Like the chirping of the robin,
+In the hemlocks straight and tall.
+Once again the call repeated,
+Then a sudden little trill
+Floated out upon the breezes,
+From beside the crystal rill.
+
+Then the chieftain whistled keenly
+Like a hawk upon the wing,
+When it soars above the mountain,
+On the balmy air of spring.
+Then another chirping, chirping,
+Came from deep down in the vale,
+And it floated up the mountain
+Like a leaf upon the gale.
+
+Now the chieftain, moved by caution,
+Watched and moved with greatest care,
+Down and thru the deepest gulches,
+Looking here, observing there,
+For the bird or beast or human,
+That could send out such a call,
+From the laurel near the fountain
+And a splendid waterfall.
+
+Suddenly his heart beat faster,
+At the sight which came to view,
+Through the opening in the laurel
+As it parts to let him thru.
+She was bathing feet and ankles,
+Arms and hands she did refresh
+In the iridescent splendor,
+Of the fountain cool and fresh.
+
+Then he bounds forth quick to greet her,
+E'er she sees him by her side,
+She the maiden true and holy,
+Who was soon to be his bride.
+"O, I see you, Occoneechee!"
+"And I see you, Whippoorwill!"
+Were the greetings that they whispered
+As they met there near the rill.
+
+They were married in the morning,
+He the groom and she the bride,
+And they lived in bliss together,
+Many years before they died;
+Now their spirits dwell together,
+Near the hidden mystic shore,
+Of the lake back in the shadows
+Since their wanderings are o'er.
+
+And at night the legends tell us,
+You can hear a man and bride
+Hold converse of trail and travel,
+High upon the mountainside;
+And the soul of Occoneechee,
+Lingers near the rippling rill,
+High upon the Smoky Mountains,
+With her lover Whippoorwill.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+PART III
+
+MYTHS OF THE CHEROKEE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTHS OF THE CHEROKEE
+
+    "I know not how the truth may be,
+    I tell the tale as 'twas told me."
+
+
+The myths related here are from the great story tellers like Ayunini,
+or "Swimmer," who was the greatest of all, but while he ranked
+first and lived during the time that tried men's hearts, having been
+born about 1835, and died in March, 1899, his stories can only be
+perpetuated by putting them in print, and we are indebted to him for
+many of these beautiful stories, which should be perpetuated at least
+so long as one of the Cherokee tribe shall live.
+
+Next in rank of importance comes Itagunahi, better known among the
+English-speaking people as John Axe, who was born in the year 1800,
+saw the battle of Horseshoe Bend, witnessed the removal of the Cherokee
+tribe in 1838. He knew its history and almost all of the myths, legends
+and stories, transmitted many of them to the white man for record, and
+while he never spoke English, he was a very versatile and interesting
+man of the old type of Indians, and strong to the last days; he lived
+to near 100 years, then passed to the Happy Hunting Grounds.
+
+To John D. Wofford, of the Western Reservation or tribe, we are
+indebted for much information, which would have been lost except for
+his wonderful knowledge.
+
+All the story-tellers prefaced their remarks by saying, "This is what
+the old folks used to tell us when we were boys."
+
+Cherokee myths may be classified as sacred myths, animal stories,
+local legends, and historical traditions. The sacred myths were not
+for every one, but only those might hear who observed the proper form
+and ceremony.
+
+In the old times the myth-keepers and priests were accustomed to
+meet together at night in the asi, or low-built log sleeping house,
+to recite the traditions and discuss their secret knowledge. At
+times those who desired instruction from an adept in the sacred
+lore of the tribe would meet the priest by appointment in the asi,
+where they sat up all night talking, with only the light of a small
+fire burning in the middle of the floor. At daybreak the whole party
+went down to the running stream, where the pupils or hearers of the
+myths stripped themselves and were scratched upon the naked skin with
+a bone tooth comb in the hands of the priest, after which they waded
+out, facing the rising sun, and dipped seven times under the water,
+while the priest recited prayers upon the bank. The purificatory rite,
+which was observed more than a century ago by Adair, is also a part of
+the ceremonial of the ball play, the green-corn dance, and, in fact,
+every important ritual performance. Before beginning one of the stories
+of the sacred class the informant would sometimes suggest jokingly
+that the author first submit to being scratched and, "Go to water."
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH ONE.
+
+HOW THE WORLD WAS MADE.
+
+
+The earth is a great island floating in a sea of water, and suspended
+at each of the four cardinal points by a cord hanging down from the
+sky vault, which is of solid rock. When the world grows old and worn
+out, the people will die and the cords will break, and let the earth
+sink down into the ocean, and all will be water again. The Indians
+are afraid of this.
+
+When all was water, the animals were above the Galunlati, beyond
+the arch; but it was very much crowded, and they were wanting more
+room. They wondered what was below the water, and at last Dayunisi,
+"Beaver's Grandchild," the little Water-beetle, offered to go and see
+if it could learn. It darted in every direction over the surface of
+the water, but could find no firm place to rest.
+
+Then it dived to the bottom and came up with some soft mud, which began
+to grow and spread in every direction until it became an island which
+we call the earth. It was afterwards fastened to the sky, but no one
+remembers who did it.
+
+At first the earth was flat, and very soft and wet. The animals
+were anxious to get down, and sent out different birds to see if it
+was yet dry, but they found no place to alight and came back again
+to Galunlati. At last it seemed to be time, and they sent out the
+Buzzard and told him to go and make ready for them.
+
+This was the Great Buzzard, the father of all the buzzards we see
+now. He flew all over the earth, low down, near the ground, and it was
+still soft. When he reached the Cherokee country, he was very tired,
+and his wings began to flap and strike the ground, and wherever they
+struck the earth there was a valley, and where they turned up again,
+there was a mountain. When the animals above saw this, they were
+afraid the whole earth would be mountains, so they called him back,
+but the Cherokee country remains full of mountains to this day.
+
+When the earth was dry and the animals came down, it was still dark,
+so they got the sun and set it in a track to go every day across the
+island from east to west, just overhead. It was too hot this way, and
+Tsiskagili, the Red Crawfish, had his shell scorched red, so that his
+meat was spoiled; and the Cherokee do not eat it. The conjurers put the
+sun another hand-breadth higher in the air, but it was still too hot.
+
+They raised it another time, and another, until it was seven
+hand-breadths high, and just under the sky arch. Then it was right,
+and they left it so. This is why the conjurers call the highest place
+"Gulkwagine Digalunlatiyun," "the seven height," because it is seven
+hand-breadths above the earth. Every day the sun goes along under this
+arch, and returns at night on the upper side to the starting place.
+
+There is another world under this, and it is like ours in
+everything--animals, plants, and people--save that the seasons are
+different. The streams that come down from the mountains are the
+trails by which the people reach the underworld, and the springs
+at their heads are the doorways by which they enter it, but to do
+this one must fast and go to water and have one of the underground
+people for a guide. We know that the seasons in the underground are
+different from ours, because the water in the springs is warmer in
+the winter and cooler in the summer than the outer air.
+
+When the animals and the plants were first made--we do not know
+by whom--they were told to watch and keep awake for seven nights,
+just as young men now fast and keep awake when they pray to their
+medicine. They tried to do this, and nearly all were awake through
+the first night, but the next night several dropped off to sleep,
+and the third night others were asleep, and then others, until, on
+the seventh night, of all the animals, only the owl, the panther and
+one or two more were still awake.
+
+To these were given the power to see and to go about in the dark, and
+to make prey of the birds and animals which must sleep at night. Of the
+trees, only the cedar, the pine, the spruce, the holly and the laurel
+were awake to the end, and to them it was given to be always green and
+to be greatest for medicine, but to the others it was said: "Because
+you have not endured to the end you shall lose your hair every winter."
+
+Men came after the animals and plants. At first there were only a
+brother and sister until he struck her with a fish and told her to
+multiply, and so it was. In seven days a child was born to her, and
+thereafter every seven days another, and they increased very fast
+until there was danger that the world could not keep them. Then it
+was made that a woman should have only one child in a year, and it
+has been so ever since.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH TWO.
+
+THE FIRST FIRE.
+
+
+In the beginning there was no fire, and the world was cold, until the
+Thunders (Ani-Hyuntikwalaski) who lived up in Galunlati, sent their
+lightning and put fire into the bottom of a hollow sycamore tree,
+which grew on an island. The animals knew it was there, because they
+could see the smoke coming out at the top, but they could not get to
+it on account of the water, so they held a council to decide what to
+do. This was a long time ago.
+
+Every animal that could fly or swim was anxious to go after the
+fire. The Raven offered, and because he was so large and strong they
+thought he could surely do the work, so he was sent first. He flew
+high and far across the water and alighted on the sycamore tree, but
+while he was wondering what to do next, the heat had scorched all his
+feathers black, and he was frightened and came back without the fire.
+
+The little Screech-owl (Wahuhu) volunteered to go, and reached the
+place safely, but while he was looking down in the hollow tree a
+blast of hot air came up and nearly burned out his eyes. He managed
+to fly home as best he could, but it was a long time before he could
+see well, and his eyes are red to this day.
+
+Then the Hooting Owl (Uguku) and the Horned Owl (Tskili) went, but by
+the time they got to the hollow tree the fire was burning so fiercely
+that the smoke nearly blinded them, and the ashes carried up by the
+wind made white rings about their eyes. They had to come home again
+without the fire, but with all of their rubbing they were never able
+to get rid of the white rings.
+
+Now, no more of the birds would venture, and so the little Uksuhi
+snake, the Black Racer, said he would go through the water and bring
+back some fire. He swam across to the island and crawled through the
+grass to the tree, and went in by a small hole at the bottom. The
+heat and smoke were too much for him, too, and after dodging about
+blindly over the hot ashes until he was almost on fire himself he
+managed by good luck to get out again at the same hole, but his body
+had scorched black, and he has ever since had the habit of darting
+and doubling on his track as if trying to escape from close quarters.
+
+He came back, and the great Blacksnake, Gulegi, "The Climber,"
+offered to go for the fire. He swam over to the island and climbed
+up the tree on the outside, as the blacksnake always does, but when
+he put his head down into the hole the smoke choked him so that he
+fell into the burning stump, and before he could climb out again he
+was as black as the Uksuhi.
+
+Now, they held another council, for still there was no fire, and
+the world was cold, but the birds, snakes and four-footed animals
+all had some excuse for not going, because they were all afraid to
+venture near the burning sycamore, until at last Kananeski Amaiyehi
+(the Water Spider) said she would go. This is not the water spider
+that looks like a mosquito, but the other one, with black downy hair
+and red stripes on her body. She can run on the water or dive to
+the bottom, so there would be no trouble to get over to the island,
+but the question was, how could she bring back the fire?
+
+"I'll manage that," said the spider, so she spun a thread from her body
+and wove it into a tusti bowl, which she fastened on her back. Then
+she crossed over to the island and through the grass to where the
+fire was still burning. She put one little coal of fire into her bowl,
+and came back with it, and ever since we have had fire, and the spider
+still keeps her tusti bowl.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH THREE.
+
+ORIGIN OF THE PLEIADES AND THE PINE.
+
+
+Long ago, when the world was new, there were seven boys who used to
+spend all their time down by the town-house, playing the gatayusti
+game, rolling a stone wheel along the ground and sliding a curved
+stick after it to strike it. Their mothers scolded but it did no good,
+so one day they collected some gatayusti stones and boiled them in
+the pot with the corn for dinner.
+
+When the boys came home hungry their mothers dipped out the stones
+and said, "Since you like the gatayusti better than the cornfield,
+take the stones now for your dinner."
+
+The boys were very angry, and went down to the town-house, saying,
+"As our mothers treat us this way, let us go where we shall never
+trouble them any more." They began a dance--some say it was the
+feather dance--and went round and round the town-house, praying to
+the spirits to help them. At last their mothers were afraid something
+was wrong and went out to look for them.
+
+They saw the boys still dancing around the town-house, and as they
+watched they noticed that their feet were off the earth, and that
+with every round they rose higher and higher in the air.
+
+They ran to get their children, but it was too late, for they were
+already above the roof of the town-house--all but one, whose mother
+managed to pull him down with the gatayusti pole, but he struck the
+ground with such force that he sank into it and the earth closed
+over him. The other six children circled higher and higher until they
+went up to the sky, where we see them now as the pleiades, which the
+Cherokee still calls "Anitsutsa" (the Boys).
+
+The people grieved long after them, but the mother whose boy had gone
+into the ground came every morning and evening to cry over the spot,
+until the earth was damp with her tears.
+
+At last a little green shoot sprouted up and grew day by day until
+it became the tall tree that we now call the pine, and the pine is
+still of the same nature as the stars and holds in itself the same
+bright light.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH FOUR.
+
+THE MILKY WAY.
+
+
+Some people in the South had a corn mill, in which they pounded the
+corn into meal, and several mornings when they came to fill it they
+noticed that some of the meal had been stolen during the night.
+
+They examined the ground, and found the tracks of a dog; so the next
+night they watched, and when the dog came from the North, and began to
+eat the meal out of the bowl, they sprang out and whipped him. He ran
+off howling to his home in the North, with the meal dropping from his
+mouth as he ran, and leaving behind a white trail where now we see the
+Milky Way, which the Cherokee calls to this day Gili-utsunstanunyi,
+"Where the dog ran."
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH FIVE.
+
+THE DELUGE.
+
+
+A long time ago a man had a dog, which began to go down to the
+river every day and look at the water and howl. At last the man was
+very angry and scolded the dog, which then spoke to him and said:
+"Very soon there is going to be a great freshet and the water will
+come so high that everybody will be drowned; but if you will make
+a raft to get upon when the rain comes, you can be saved, but you
+must first throw me into the water." The man did not believe it,
+and the dog said, "If you want a sign that I speak the truth, look
+at the back of my neck." He looked and saw that the dog's neck had
+the skin worked off so that the bones stuck out.
+
+Then he believed the dog, and began to build a raft. Soon the rain
+came and he took his family, with plenty of provisions, and they
+all got upon it. It rained for a long time, and the water rose
+until the mountains were covered and all the people in the world
+were drowned. Then the rain stopped and the water went down again,
+until at last it was safe to come off the raft.
+
+Now, there was no one alive but the man and his family, but one day
+they heard a sound of dancing and shouting on the other side of the
+ridge. The man climbed to the top and looked over; everything was
+still, but all along the valley he saw great piles of bones of the
+people who had been drowned, and then he knew that the Ghosts had
+been dancing.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH SIX.
+
+HOW THE TERRAPIN BEAT THE RABBIT.
+
+
+The Rabbit was a great runner and a great boaster of what she could
+do. No one thought that a Terrapin was anything but a slow traveler,
+but he was a great warrior and very boastful, and the two were always
+disputing about their speed. At last they agreed to decide the matter
+by a race.
+
+They fixed the day and the starting place, and arranged to run across
+four mountain ridges, and the one who came in first at the end of
+the race was to be the winner.
+
+The Rabbit felt so sure of it that he said to the Terrapin, "You know
+you can't run. You know you can never win the race, so I'll give you
+the first ridge and then you'll have three to cross while I go over
+four." The Terrapin said that would be all right, but that night when
+he went home to his family he sent for his Terrapin friends and told
+them he wanted their help. He said he knew he could not outrun the
+Rabbit, but he wanted to stop the Rabbit's boasting. He explained his
+plan to his friends and they agreed to help him. When the day came all
+the animals were there to see the race. The Rabbit was there with them,
+but the Terrapin was gone ahead toward the first ridge, as they had
+arranged, and they could hardly see him on account of the tall grass.
+
+The word was given and the Rabbit ran off with long jumps up the
+mountain, expecting to win the race before the Terrapin could get
+down on the other side. But before he got up the mountain he saw
+the Terrapin go over the ridge ahead of him. He ran on, and when he
+reached the top he looked all around, but could not see the Terrapin
+on account of the long grass. He kept on down the mountain and began
+to climb the second ridge, but when he looked up again there was the
+Terrapin just going over the top.
+
+Now he was very much surprised, and made his longest jumps to catch
+up, but when he got to the top there was the Terrapin away in front
+going over the third ridge. The Rabbit was getting tired now and
+nearly out of breath, but he kept on down the mountain and up the
+other ridge until he got to the top just in time to see the Terrapin
+cross the fourth ridge and thus win the race. The Rabbit could not make
+another jump, but fell over on the ground, crying, "mi, mi, mi, mi,"
+as the Rabbit does ever since when he is too tired to run any more.
+
+The race was given to the Terrapin, and all the animals wondered how
+he could win against the Rabbit, but he kept still and never told. It
+was easy enough, however, because all the Terrapin's friends look
+just alike, and he had simply posted one near the top of each ridge
+to wait until the Rabbit came in sight and then climb over and hide
+in the long grass.
+
+When the Rabbit came on he could not find the Terrapin and so thought
+the Terrapin was ahead, and if he had met one of the other Terrapins
+he would have thought it the same one, because they look so much
+alike. The real Terrapin had posted himself on the fourth ridge, so
+as to come in at the end of the race and be ready to answer questions
+if the animals suspected anything.
+
+Because the Rabbit had to lie down and lose the race the conjurer
+now, when preparing his young men for the ball play, boils a lot of
+rabbit hamstrings into soup, and sends some one to pour it across
+the path along which the other players have to come in the morning,
+so that they may become tired in the same way and lose the game. It
+is not always easy to do this, because the other party is expecting
+it and has watchers ahead to prevent it.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH SEVEN.
+
+THE RABBIT AND THE TAR WOLF.
+
+
+Once there was such a long spell of dry weather that there was no more
+water in the creeks and springs, and the animals held a council to
+see what to do about it. They decided to dig a well, and all agreed to
+help except the Rabbit, who was a lazy fellow, and said, "I don't need
+to dig for water. The dew on the grass is enough for me." The others
+did not like this, but they went to work together and dug the well.
+
+They noticed by and by that the Rabbit kept sleek and lively,
+although it was still dry weather and the water was getting low in
+the well. They said, "That tricky Rabbit steals our water at night,"
+so they made a wolf of pine gum and tar and set it up by the well to
+scare the thief. That night the Rabbit came, as he had been coming
+every night, to drink enough to last him all next day. He saw the
+queer black thing by the well and said, "Who's there?" but the tar
+wolf said nothing.
+
+He came nearer, but the wolf never moved, so he grew braver and said,
+"Get out of my way or I will kick you." Still the wolf never moved
+and the Rabbit came up and struck it with its front foot, but the
+tar held it fast. Now he was angry and said: "Turn my foot loose,
+or I will strike you with my other front foot"; still the wolf said
+nothing. Then the Rabbit struck the wolf with his other foot, and it
+stuck, and the Rabbit said, "Turn my foot loose or I will kick you,"
+and still the wolf was silent, and then the rabbit kicked with his
+right hind foot so hard that it stuck, and still the wolf said nothing;
+and the Rabbit said, "If you don't turn my foot loose, I will kick
+you with my left hind foot, which never fails to accomplish what I
+want it to do"; yet the wolf was silent, and the Rabbit made his last
+kick and the foot stuck, just as the others had done.
+
+The Rabbit plead with the wolf to let him go, and yet no response came,
+and, at last, when he found he was stuck fast with his feet, he said:
+"If you don't turn me loose I will butt you with all my might," and
+in his desperation, he struck with all his force, and his head stuck
+fast to the wolf.
+
+In the morning all the animals came down to the well to drink
+as usual, and found the Rabbit stuck fast to the wolf of tar,
+and they began to discuss what disposition to make of him, so one
+suggested that they cut his head off, to which the Rabbit replied,
+"Please do cut my head off, for it is such an easy death to die,"
+but this aroused the suspicion of the animals, so that the fox said,
+"No, we will not do this for he deserves a harsher death than this,"
+whereupon they all agreed. Then the Wolf suggested that they burn him
+alive, to which the Rabbit said, "Please Mr. Wolf, have me burned,
+for that will be so easy," but this did not please the audience, and
+another suggested that they take him to the briar patch, and throw him
+into the thickest part of the sharp briars to scratch him to pieces,
+to which the Rabbit said, "Oh, Mr. Fox, please do not allow me to be
+thrown into the briars for they stick and scratch me so much that I
+could never stand the pain"; and they all with one accord exclaimed,
+"Throw him in," and they threw him into the briars, and the Rabbit
+sped away as fast as he could, saying, "This is where I was reared,
+this is my home, and this is all that I could desire."
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH EIGHT.
+
+THE RABBIT AND THE POSSUM AFTER A WIFE.
+
+
+The Rabbit and the Possum each wanted a wife, but no one would marry
+either of them. They talked the matter over and the Rabbit said,
+"We can't get wives here; let's go to the next settlement. I'm the
+messenger for the council, and I'll tell the people that I bring an
+order that everybody must take a mate at once, and then we'll be sure
+to get wives."
+
+The Possum thought this a fine plan, so they started off together
+to the next town. As the Rabbit traveled faster he got there first
+and waited outside until the people noticed him and took him into the
+town-house. When the chief came to ask him his business the Rabbit said
+he brought an important message from the council that everybody must
+get married without delay. So the chief called the people together
+and told them the message from the council, whereupon every animal
+took a mate at once, and the Rabbit got a wife.
+
+The Possum traveled so slowly that he got there after all the animals
+had mated, leaving him still without a wife.
+
+The Rabbit pretended to feel sorry for him and said, "Never mind, I'll
+carry the message to the people in the next settlement, and you hurry
+on as fast as you can, and this time you will get your wife." So he
+went on to the next town, and the Possum followed close after him. But
+when the Rabbit got to the town-house, he sent out the word that, as
+there had been peace so long there that everybody was getting lazy,
+the council had ordered that there must be war at once, and they must
+begin right in the town-house. So they all began fighting, but the
+Rabbit made four great leaps and got away just as the Possum came
+in. Everybody jumped on the Possum, who had not thought of bringing
+his weapons on a wedding trip, and so could not defend himself. They
+had nearly beaten the life out of him when he fell over and pretended
+to be dead until he saw a good chance to jump up and get away. The
+Possum never got a wife, but he remembers the lesson, and ever since
+he shuts his eyes and pretends to be dead when the hunter has him in
+a close place.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH NINE.
+
+HOW THE TURKEY GOT HIS BEARD.
+
+
+When the Terrapin won the race from the Rabbit (see Myth Six) all
+the animals wondered and talked about it a great deal, because they
+had always thought the Terrapin slow, although they knew that he was
+a warrior and had many conjuring secrets besides.
+
+But the Turkey was not satisfied, and told the others that there must
+be some trick about it. Said he, "I know the Terrapin can't run--he
+can hardly crawl--and I'm going to try him."
+
+So one day the Turkey met the Terrapin coming home from war with
+a fresh scalp hanging from his neck and dragging on the ground as
+he traveled. The Turkey laughed at the sight and said: "That scalp
+don't look right on you. Your neck is too short and low down to wear
+it that way. Let me show you."
+
+The Terrapin agreed and gave the scalp to the Turkey, who fastened
+it around his neck. "Now," said the Turkey, "I'll walk a little way
+and you can see how it looks." So he walked ahead a short distance and
+then turned and asked the Terrapin how he liked it. Said the Terrapin,
+"It looks very nice; it becomes you."
+
+"Now, I'll fix it in a different way and let you see how it looks,"
+said the Turkey. So he gave the string another pull and walked ahead
+again. "Oh, that looks very nice," said the Terrapin. But the Turkey
+kept on walking, and the Terrapin called to him to bring back the
+scalp, but he only walked the faster and broke into a run.
+
+Then the Terrapin got out his bow and by his conjuring art shot a
+number of cane splits into the Turkey's legs, to cripple him so he
+could not run, which accounts for all the many bones in the Turkey's
+legs, that are of no use whatever; but the Terrapin never caught the
+Turkey, who still wears the scalp from his neck.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH TEN.
+
+WHY THE TURKEY GOBBLES.
+
+
+A long time ago the Grouse had a fine voice and a good halloo in
+the ball play. All the animals and birds used to play ball in those
+days and were just as proud of a loud halloo as the ball players of
+today. The Turkey had a poor voice, so he asked the Grouse to give
+him lessons. The Grouse agreed to teach him, but wanted pay for
+his trouble, and the Turkey promised to give him some feathers to
+make him a collar. This is how the Grouse got his collar of turkey
+feathers. They began the lessons, and the Turkey learned very fast
+until the Grouse thought it was time for the Turkey to try his
+voice. "Now," said the Grouse, "I'll stand on this hollow log, and
+when I give the signal by tapping on it, you must halloo as loudly as
+you can." So he got upon the log ready to tap on it, as a Grouse does,
+but when he gave the signal the Turkey was so eager and excited that
+he could not raise his voice for a shout, but only gobbled, and ever
+since then he gobbles whenever he hears a noise.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH ELEVEN.
+
+HOW THE KINGFISHER GOT HIS BILL.
+
+
+Some old men tell us that the Kingfisher was meant in the beginning
+to be a water bird, but as he had not been given either web feet or
+a good bill he could not make a living.
+
+The animals held a council over it and decided to make him a bill
+like a long sharp awl for a fish-gig or spear.
+
+They made him a fish-gig and fastened it on in front of his mouth. Me
+flew to the top of a tree, sailed out and darted down into the water,
+and came up with a fish on his gig; and he has been the best gigger
+ever since.
+
+Others say it was this way: A Blacksnake found a yellow-hammer's nest
+in a hollow tree, and after swallowing the young birds, coiled up in
+the nest to sleep, and when the mother bird found him there, she went
+for help to the Little People, who sent her to the Kingfisher. He
+came, and after flying back and forth past the hole a few times,
+made one dart at the snake and pulled him out dead.
+
+When they looked they found a hole in the snake's head where the
+Kingfisher had pierced it with a slender tugaluna fish, which he
+carried in his bill like a lance. From this the Little People concluded
+that he would make a first-class gigger if he only had the right spear,
+so they gave him his long bill as a reward, and he has ever since been
+known among all the fowls and animals as the best fisherman among them.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH TWELVE.
+
+HOW THE PARTRIDGE GOT HIS WHISTLE.
+
+
+In the old days, when the world was new, the Terrapin had a fine
+whistle, but the Partridge had none. The Terrapin was constantly
+going about whistling and showing his whistle to the other animals,
+until the Partridge became jealous, so one day when they met, the
+Partridge asked leave of the Terrapin to try the whistle.
+
+The Terrapin was afraid to risk it at first, suspecting some trick,
+but the Partridge said, "I'll give it back right away, and if you are
+afraid you can stay with me while I practice." So the Terrapin let
+him have the whistle and the Partridge walked around blowing on it in
+fine fashion. "How does it sound with me?" asked the Partridge. "O,
+you do very well," said the Terrapin, walking alongside. "Now, how do
+you like it," said the Partridge, running ahead and whistling a little
+faster. "That's fine," answered the Terrapin, hurrying to keep up,
+"but don't run so fast." "And now how do you like this?" called the
+Partridge, and with that he spread his wings, gave one long whistle,
+and flew to the top of a tree, leaving the poor Terrapin to look
+after him from the ground.
+
+The Terrapin never recovered his whistle, and from that and the loss
+of his scalp, which was stolen from him by the Turkey, he grew ashamed
+to be seen, and ever since then he shuts himself up in his box when
+anyone comes near him.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH THIRTEEN.
+
+HOW THE RED BIRD GOT HIS COLOR.
+
+
+A Raccoon passing a Wolf one day made several insulting remarks,
+until at last the Wolf became angry and turned and chased him. The
+Raccoon ran his best, and managed to reach a tree by the river side
+before the Wolf came up. He climbed the tree and stretched out on
+a limb overhanging the water. When the Wolf arrived, he saw the
+reflection in the water, and, thinking it was the Raccoon, jumped
+at it and was nearly drowned before he could scramble out again,
+all wet and dripping. He lay down on the bank to dry and fell asleep,
+and while he was sleeping the Raccoon came down the tree and got some
+blue-pipe clay and plastered his eyes so that he could not open them
+and he began to howl and make a whining noise.
+
+A little brown bird came along and hearing the Wolf crying, asked
+what was the matter. The Wolf told his story and said: "If you will
+get my eyes open, I will show you where to get some nice red paint
+to paint yourself." "All right," said the brown bird; so he began to
+peck at the mud and soon got his eyes open. Then the Wolf took him
+to a rock that had streaks of bright red paint running through it,
+and the little bird painted himself with it, and has ever since been
+known as the Red-bird.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH FOURTEEN.
+
+THE PHEASANT BEATING CORN, THE ORIGIN OF THE PHEASANT DANCE.
+
+
+The Pheasant once saw a woman beating corn in a wooden mortar in front
+of the house. "I can do that, too," said he, but the woman would not
+believe it, so the Pheasant went into the woods and got upon a hollow
+log and "drummed" with his wings, as a Pheasant does, until the people
+in the house heard him and thought he was really beating corn.
+
+In the Pheasant dance, a part of the Green-Corn dance, the instrument
+used is a drum, and the dancers beat the ground with their feet in
+imitation of the drumming sound made by the Pheasant.
+
+They form two concentric circles, the men beginning on the inside,
+facing the women in the outer circle; each in turn advancing and
+retreating at the signal of the drummer, who sits at one side and
+sings the Pheasant songs. According to the story, there was once a
+winter famine among the birds and animals. No mast could be found in
+the woods, and they were near starvation when a Pheasant discovered a
+holly tree, loaded with red berries, which the Pheasant is very fond
+of. He called his companions, and they formed a circle about the tree,
+singing, dancing and drumming with their wings in token of their joy,
+and thus originated the Pheasant dance.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH FIFTEEN.
+
+THE RACE BETWEEN THE CRANE AND THE HUMMING-BIRD.
+
+
+The Humming-Bird and the Crane were both in love with a pretty
+woman. She preferred the Humming-bird, who was as handsome as the
+Crane was awkward, but the Crane was so persistent that in order
+to get rid of him she finally told him he must challenge the other
+to a race and she would marry the winner. The Humming-bird was so
+swift--almost like a flash of lightning--and the Crane so slow and
+heavy, that she felt sure that the Humming-bird would win. She did
+not know that the Crane could fly all night.
+
+They agreed to start from her house and fly around the circle of the
+world to the beginning, and the one who came in first would marry
+the woman. At the word the Humming-bird darted off like an arrow and
+was out of sight in a moment, leaving his rival to follow heavily
+behind. He flew all day, and when evening came and he stopped to
+roost for the night he was far ahead. But the Crane flew steadily
+all night, passing the humming-bird soon after midnight, and going
+on until he came to a creek and stopped to rest about daybreak. The
+Humming-bird woke up in the morning and flew on again, thinking how
+easily he would win the race, until he reached the creek, and there
+found the Crane spearing tadpoles, with his long bill, for breakfast.
+
+He was very much surprised and wondered how this could have happened,
+but he flew swiftly by and soon left the Crane out of sight again. The
+Crane finished his breakfast and started on, and when evening came
+he kept on as before.
+
+This time it was hardly midnight when he passed the Humming-bird
+asleep on a limb, and in the morning he had finished his breakfast
+before the other came up. The next day he gained a little more,
+and on the fourth day he was spearing tadpoles for dinner when the
+Humming-bird passed him. On the fifth and sixth days it was late in
+the afternoon before the Humming-bird came up, and, on the morning
+of the seventh day the Crane was a whole night's travel ahead.
+
+He took his time at breakfast and then fixed himself up as nicely
+as he could at the creek and came in at the starting place where the
+woman lived, early in the morning.
+
+When the Humming-bird arrived in the afternoon he found that he had
+lost the race, but the woman declared she would never have such an
+ugly fellow for a husband as the Crane.
+
+Moral. Beware of fine feathers.
+
+
+
+
+
+SNAKE, FISH AND INSECT MYTHS.
+
+
+MYTH SIXTEEN.
+
+THE SNAKE TRIBE.
+
+
+The generic name for snake is inadu. They are all regarded as
+inaduwehi, "supernaturals," having an intimate connection with the
+rain and the thunder gods, and possessing a certain influence over the
+other animals and plant tribes. It is said that the snakes, the deer,
+and the ginseng act as allies, so that an injury to one is avenged
+by the others. The feeling toward snakes is one mingled with fear
+and reverence, and every precaution is taken to avoid the killing
+or offending one, especially the rattlesnake. He who kills a snake
+will soon see others; and should he kill a second one, so many will
+come around him, whichever way he may turn, that he will become dazed
+at the sight of their glistening eyes and darting tongues, and will
+go wandering about like a crazy man, unable to find his way out of
+the woods.
+
+To guard against this misfortune there are certain prayers which the
+initiated say in order that a snake may not cross their path, and on
+meeting the first one of the season the hunter humbly begs of him,
+"Let us not see each other this summer." Certain smells, as that
+of the wild parsnip, and certain songs, as those of the Unikawi or
+town-house dance, are offensive to the snakes and make them angry. For
+this reason the Unikawi dance is held only late in the fall, after
+they have retired to their dens for the winter.
+
+When one dreams of being bitten by a snake he must be treated the
+same as for the actual bite, because it is the snake ghost that has
+bitten him; otherwise the place will swell and ulcerate in the same
+way, even though it be years afterwards. For fear of offending them,
+even in speaking, it is never said that a man has been bitten by a
+snake, but only that he has been "scratched by a briar." Most of the
+beliefs and customs in this connection have more special reference
+to the rattlesnake.
+
+The rattlesnake is called utsanati, which may be rendered, "he
+has a bell," alluding to the rattles. According to their myths the
+rattlesnake was once a man, and was transformed to his present shape
+that he might save the human race from extermination by the Sun,
+a mission which he accomplished successfully after others had failed.
+
+By the old men he is also spoken of as "The Thunder's Necklace,"
+and to kill one is to destroy one of the most prized ornaments of
+the Thunder-god. In one of the formulas addressed to the Little Men,
+the sons of the Thunder, they are implored to take the disease snake
+to themselves, because, "It is just what you adorn yourselves with."
+
+For obvious reasons the rattlesnake is regarded as the chief of the
+tribe and is feared and respected accordingly. Few Cherokee will
+venture to kill one except under absolute necessity, and even then
+the crime must be atoned for by asking pardon of the snake ghost,
+either through the mediation of a priest or in person according to
+a set formula.
+
+Otherwise, the relatives of the dead snake will send one of their
+number to track up the offender and bite him, so that he will die. The
+only thing of which it is said that the rattlesnake is afraid is the
+plant known as campion, or "rattlesnake's master" (Silene Stella),
+which is used by doctors to counteract the effect of the bite, and
+it is believed that a snake will flee in terror from the hunter who
+carries a small piece of the root about his person.
+
+Notwithstanding the fear of the rattlesnake, his rattles, teeth,
+flesh and oil are greatly prized for occult or medical uses, the
+snake being killed for this purpose by certain priests who know the
+necessary rites and formulas for obtaining pardon.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH SEVENTEEN.
+
+THE UKTENA AND THE ULUNSUTI.
+
+
+Long ago--hilahiyu--when the Sun became angry at the people on earth,
+and sent a sickness to destroy them, the Little Men changed a man
+into a monster snake, as large as the trunk of a tree, with horns,
+which they called the Uktena, "The Keen-eyed," and sent him to kill
+her. He failed to do the work, and the Rattlesnake had to be sent
+instead, which made the Uktena so jealous and angry that the people
+were afraid of him and had him taken to Galunlati, to stay with the
+other dangerous things. He left others behind him, though, nearly
+as large and dangerous as himself, and they hide now in the deep
+pools in the river and about lonely passes in the high mountains,
+the places which the Cherokee call, "Where the Uktena stays."
+
+Those who know say that the Uktena with its horns on its head has
+a bright blazing crest like a diamond upon its forehead, and scales
+glittering like sparks of fire upon its body. It has rings or spots
+along its whole length, and cannot be wounded except by shooting in
+the seventh spot from the head because under this spot are its heart
+and its life.
+
+The blazing spot is called Ulunsuti, "Transparent," and he who can
+win it may become the greatest wonder-worker of the tribe, but it is
+worth a man's life to attempt it, for whoever is seen by the Uktena
+is so dazed by the bright light that he runs toward the snake instead
+of trying to escape. Even to see the Uktena asleep is death, not to
+the hunter himself, but to his family. Of all the daring warriors
+who have started out in search of Ulunsu'ti only Agan-uni-tsi ever
+came back successful.
+
+The East Cherokee still keeps the one that he bought. It is like a
+transparent crystal, nearly the shape of a cartridge bullet, with
+blood-red streaks running thru the center from top to bottom. The
+owner keeps it wrapped in a whole deerskin, inside an earthen vessel,
+hidden away in a secret cave in the mountains.
+
+Every seven days he feeds it with the blood of small game, rubbing
+the blood all over the crystal as soon as the animal has been
+killed. Twice a year it must have the blood of a deer or some other
+large animal. Should he forget to feed it at the proper time it would
+come out of the cave at night in a shape of fire and fly thru the
+air to slake its thirst with the life blood of the conjurer or some
+of his people.
+
+He may save himself from this danger by telling it, when he puts it
+away, that he will not need it again for a long time. It will then go
+quietly to sleep and feel no hunger until it is again brought out to
+be consulted. Then it must be fed again on blood before it is used. No
+white man must ever see it, and no person but the owner will venture
+near it for fear of sudden death.
+
+Even the conjurer who keeps it is afraid of it, and changes its hiding
+place every once in a while so that it cannot learn the way out. When
+he dies it will be buried with him. Otherwise, it will come out of
+its cave, like a blazing star, to search for his grave, night after
+night for seven years, when, if still not able to find him, it will
+go back to sleep forever where he has placed it.
+
+Whoever owns the Ulunsuti is sure of success in hunting, love,
+rain-making and every other business, but its great use is in life
+prophecy. When it is consulted for this purpose the future is seen
+mirrored in the clear crystal as a tree is reflected in the quiet
+stream below, and the conjurer knows whether the sick man will recover,
+whether the warrior will return from the battle, or whether the youth
+will live to be old.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH EIGHTEEN.
+
+AGAN-UNI-TSI'S SEARCH FOR THE UKTENA.
+
+
+In one of their battles with the Showano, who are all magicians, the
+Cherokee captured a great medicine-man, whose name was Agan-uni-tsi,
+"The Ground-Hog's Mother." They had tied him ready for the torture
+when he begged for his life, and engaged, if they spared him, to find
+for them the great wonder-worker, the Ulunsuti. Now, the Ulunsuti is
+like a blazing star set in the forehead of the great Uktena serpent,
+and the medicine-man who could possess it might do marvelous things,
+but everyone knew that this could not be, because it was certain
+death to meet the Uktena. They warned him of all this, but he only
+answered that his medicine was strong and that he was not afraid. So
+they gave him his life on that condition and he began the search.
+
+The Uktena used to lie in wait in lonely places to surprise its
+victims, and especially haunted the dark passes of the Great Smoky
+Mountains. Knowing this, the magician went first to a gap in the
+range on the far northern border of the Cherokee country. He searched
+there and found a monster blacksnake, larger than had ever been known
+before, but it was not what he was looking for, and he laughed at it
+as something too small for notice.
+
+Coming southward to the next gap he found there a moccasin snake,
+the largest ever seen, but when the people wondered he said it was
+nothing. In the next gap he found a green snake and called the people
+to see it, (the pretty salikwaya), but when they found an immense
+greensnake coiled up in the path they ran away in fear.
+
+Coming on to Utawa-gun-ti, the Bald mountain, he found there a great
+diyahali (lizard) basking, but, although it was large and terrible to
+look at, it was not what he was looking for and he paid no attention to
+it. Going still further south to Walasi-yi, the Frog place, he found
+a great frog squatting in the gap but when the people who came to see
+it were frightened like the others and ran away from the monster he
+mocked at them for being afraid of a frog and went on to the next gap.
+
+He went on to Duni-skwa-lgun-yi, the Gap of the Forked Antler, and to
+the enchanted lake of Atagahi, and at each he found monstrous reptiles,
+but he said they were nothing.
+
+He thought that the Uktena might be hiding in the deep water at
+Tlanusiyi, the Leech place, on Hiwassee, where other strange things
+had been seen before, and going there he dived far down under the
+surface. He saw turtles and water snakes, and two immense sun-perches
+rushed at him and retreated again, but that was all.
+
+Other places he tried, going always southward, and at last on Gahuti
+mountain he found the Uktena asleep.
+
+Turning without noise, he ran swiftly down the mountainside as far
+as he could go with one long breath, nearly to the bottom of the
+slope. Then he stopped and piled up a lot of pine-cones, and inside
+of it he dug a deep trench. Then he set fire to the cones and came
+back again up the mountain.
+
+The Uktena was still asleep, and, putting an arrow to his bow,
+Agan-uni-tsi shot and sent the arrow through its heart, which was
+under the seventh spot from the serpent's head.
+
+The great snake raised his head, with the diamond in front flashing
+fire, and came straight at his enemy, but the magician, turning
+quickly, ran at full speed down the mountain, cleared the circle
+of fire and the trench at one bound, and lay down on the ground
+inside. The Uktena tried to follow, but the arrow was thru his heart,
+and in another moment he rolled over in his death struggle, spitting
+poison over all the mountainside. The poison drops could not pass the
+circle of fire, but only hissed and sputtered in the blaze, and the
+magician on the inside was untouched except by one small drop which
+struck upon his head as he lay close to the ground; but he did not
+know it. The blood, too, as poisonous as the froth, poured from the
+Uktena's wound and down the slope in a stream, but it ran into the
+trench and left him unharmed.
+
+The dying monster rolled over and over down the mountain, breaking down
+large trees in its path until it reached the bottom. Then Agan-uni-tsi
+called every bird in all the woods to come to the feast, and so many
+came that when they were done not even the bones were left. After
+seven days he went by night to the spot.
+
+The body and the bones of the snake were gone, all eaten by the birds,
+but he saw a bright light shining in the darkness, and going over
+to it he found, resting on a low-hanging branch, where a raven had
+dropped it, the diamond from the head of Uktena. He wrapped it up
+carefully and took it with him, and from that time he became the
+greatest medicine-man in the whole tribe.
+
+When he came down again to the settlement the people noticed a small
+snake hanging from his head where the single drop of poison from the
+Uktena had struck him; but so long as he lived he himself never knew
+that it was there.
+
+Where the blood of the Uktena had filled the trench a lake formed
+afterwards, and the water was black and in this water the women used
+to dye the cane splits for their baskets.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH NINETEEN.
+
+THE RED MAN AND THE UKTENA.
+
+
+Two brothers went hunting together, and when they came to a good
+camping place in the mountains they made a fire, and while one gathered
+bark to put up a shelter, the other started up the creek to look for a
+deer. Soon he heard a noise on the top of the ridge as if two animals
+were fighting. He hurried thru the brush to see what it might be,
+and when he came to the spot he found a great Uktena coiled around
+a man and choking him to death. The man was fighting for his life,
+and called out to the hunter, "Help me, nephew; he is your enemy as
+well as mine." The hunter took good aim, and, drawing the arrow to
+the head, sent it thru the body of the Uktena, so that the blood
+spouted from the hole. The snake loosed its coils with a snapping
+noise, and went tumbling down the ridge into the valley, tearing up
+the earth like a water-spout as it rolled.
+
+The stranger stood up, and it was the Asgaya Gigagei, the Red Man of
+the Lightning. He said to the hunter: "You have helped me, and now I
+will reward you, and give you a medicine so that you can always find
+game." They waited until it was dark, and then went down the ridge
+to where the dead Uktena had rolled, but by this time the birds and
+the insects had eaten the body and only the bones were left.
+
+In one place were flashes of light coming up from the ground, and on
+digging here, just under the surface, the Red Man found a scale of
+the Uktena. Next he went over to the tree that had been struck by
+lightning, and gathering a handful of splinters he made a fire and
+burned the scale of the Uktena to a coal. He wrapped this in a piece
+of deerskin and gave it to the hunter, saying: "As long as you keep
+this you can always kill game."
+
+Then he told the hunter that when he went back to camp he must hang
+up the medicine on a tree outside, because it was very strong and
+dangerous. He told him also that when he went into the cabin he would
+find his brother lying inside nearly dead on account of the presence
+of the Uktena scale, but he must take a small piece of cane, which
+the Red Man gave him, and scrape a little of it into water and give
+it to his brother to drink, and he would be well again.
+
+Then the Red Man was gone, and the hunter could not see where he
+went. He returned to camp alone, and found his brother very sick,
+but soon cured him with the medicine from the cane, and that day and
+the next, and every day after, he found game whenever he went for it.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH TWENTY.
+
+THE HUNTER AND THE UKSUHI.
+
+
+A man living down in Georgia came to visit some relatives at
+Hickory-log. He was a great hunter, and after resting for some days,
+got ready to go into the mountains. His friends warned him not to go
+toward the north, as in that direction, near a certain large uprooted
+tree, there lived a dangerous monster Uksuhi snake.
+
+It kept constant watch, and whenever it could spring upon an unwary
+hunter it would coil about him and crush out his life in its folds,
+and then drag the dead body down the mountainside into a deep hole in
+Hiwassee river. He listened quietly to the warning, but all they said
+only made him the more anxious to see such a monster, so, without
+saying anything of his intentions, he left the settlement and took
+his way directly up the mountain toward the north.
+
+Soon he came to the fallen tree and climbed upon the trunk, and there,
+sure enough, on the other side was the great Uksuhi stretched out in
+the grass, with its head raised, but looking the other way.
+
+It was as large as a common trunk of a tree, and at the sight of this
+terrible monster the hunter became so much frightened that he made
+haste to get down from the log and started to run; but the great snake
+had heard him approach, and the noise as he started to make his escape,
+whereupon it turned quickly and pursued him.
+
+Up the ridge the hunter ran, the snake close behind him, then down
+the other side toward the river, but with all his running the Uksuhi
+gained rapidly, and just as he reached the low ground it caught up
+with him and wrapped around him, pinning one arm down by his side,
+but leaving the other free. Now, it gave him a terrible squeeze that
+almost broke his ribs, and then began to drag him along toward the
+water. With his free hand the hunter began to clutch at the bushes
+as they passed, but the snake turned his head and blew its sickening
+breath into his face, until he had to let go his hold.
+
+Again and again this happened, and all the time they were getting
+nearer and nearer to a deep hole in the river, when, almost at the last
+moment, a lucky thought came into the hunter's mind. He was sweating
+all over from his run across the mountain, and suddenly remembered to
+have heard that snakes cannot bear the smell of perspiration. Putting
+his free hand into his bosom he worked it around under his armpit
+until it was covered with perspiration. Then withdrawing it, he
+grasped at a bush until the snake turned its head, when he quickly
+slapped his sweaty hand on its nose. The Uksuhi gave one gasp almost
+as if it had been wounded, loosened its coil, and glided swiftly
+away thru the bushes, leaving the hunter, bruised but not disabled,
+to make his way home to the Hickory-log.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH TWENTY-ONE.
+
+THE USTUTLI.
+
+
+There was once a great serpent, called the Ustutli, that made its
+haunt upon Cohutta mountain. It was called the Ustutli or "foot" snake,
+because it did not glide like other snakes, but had feet at each end of
+its body, and moved by strides or jerks, like a great measuring worm.
+
+These feet were three-cornered and flat and could hold to the ground
+like suckers. It had no legs, but would raise itself up on its hind
+feet, with its snaky head high in the air until it found a good place
+to take a fresh hold; then it would bend down and grip its front feet
+to the ground while it drew its body up from behind.
+
+It could cross rivers and deep ravines by throwing its head across,
+and getting a grip with its front feet, and then swing its body
+over. Wherever its footprints were found there was danger.
+
+It used to bleat like a young fawn, and when the hunter heard a fawn
+bleat in the woods he never looked for it, but hurried away in the
+other direction. Up the mountain or down, nothing could escape the
+Ustutli's pursuit, but along the side of the ridge it could not go,
+because the great weight of its swinging head broke its hold on the
+ground when it moved sideways.
+
+It came to pass after awhile that not a hunter about Cohutta would
+venture near the mountain for dread of the Ustutli.
+
+At last a man from one of the northern settlements came down to visit
+some relatives in that neighborhood. When he arrived they made a feast
+for him, but only had corn and beans, and excused themselves for having
+no meat because the hunters were afraid to go into the mountains. He
+asked the reason, and when they told him he said he would go himself
+tomorrow and either bring in a deer or find the Ustutli. They tried
+to dissuade him from it, but as he insisted upon going they warned
+him that if a fawn bleated in the thicket he must run at once and if
+the snake came after him he must not try to run down the mountain,
+but along the side of the ridge.
+
+In the morning he started out, and went directly to the
+mountain. Working his way thru the bushes at the base, he suddenly
+heard a fawn bleat in front. He guessed at once that it was the
+Ustutli, but he had made up his mind to see it, so he did not
+turn back, but went straight forward, and there, sure enough, was
+the monster, with its great head in the air, as high as the pine
+branches, looking in every direction to discover a deer, or maybe
+a man, for breakfast. It saw him and came at him at once, moving
+in jerky strides, every one the length of a tree trunk, holding its
+scaly head high above the bushes and bleating as it came. The hunter
+was so badly frightened that he lost his wits entirely and started
+to run directly up the mountain.
+
+The great snake came after him, gaining half its length on him
+every time it took a fresh grip with its fore feet, and would have
+caught the hunter before he reached the top of the ridge, but that he
+suddenly remembered the warning and changed his course to run along
+the side of the mountain. At once the snake began to lose ground,
+for every time it raised itself up the weight of its body threw it
+out of a straight line and made it fall a little lower down the side
+of the ridge. It tried to recover itself, but now the hunter gained
+and kept on until he turned the end of the ridge and left the snake
+out of sight. Then he cautiously climbed to the top and looked over
+and saw the Ustutli still slowly working its way toward the summit.
+
+He went down to the base of the mountain, opened his fire pouch,
+and set fire to the grass and leaves. Soon the fire ran all around
+the mountain and began to climb upward.
+
+When the great serpent smelled the smoke and saw the flames coming,
+it forgot all about the hunter and turned to make all speed for a
+high cliff near the summit. It reached the rock and got upon it,
+but the fire followed and caught the dead pines about the base of
+the cliff until the heat made the Ustutli's scales crack.
+
+Taking a close grip of the rock with its hind feet, it raised its
+body and put forth all its strength in an effort to spring across
+the wall of fire that surrounded it, but the smoke choked it and its
+hold loosened and it fell among the blazing pine trunks and lay there
+until it was burned to ashes.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH TWENTY-TWO.
+
+THE UWTSUNTA.
+
+
+At Nundayeli, the wildest spot in Nantahala river, (in what is now
+Macon County, North Carolina), where the overhanging cliff is highest
+and the river far below, there lived in the old time a great snake
+called the Uwtsunta (or bouncer), because it moved by jerks like a
+measuring worm, with only one part of its body on the ground at a
+time. It stayed generally on the east side, where the sun came first
+in the morning, and used to cross by reaching over from the highest
+point of the cliff until it could get a grip on the other side,
+when it would pull over the rest of its body.
+
+It was so immense that when it was thus stretched across, its shadow
+darkened the whole valley below.
+
+For a long time the people did not know it was there, but when at
+last they found out that such a monster inhabited the country, they
+were afraid to live in the valley, so that it was deserted long before
+the Indians were removed from the country.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH TWENTY-THREE.
+
+THE SNAKE BOY.
+
+
+There was a boy who used to go bird hunting every day, and all the
+birds he brought home to give to his grandmother, who was very fond
+of him. This made the rest of the family jealous, and they treated
+him in such fashion that at last one day he told his grandmother he
+would leave them all, but that she must not grieve for him.
+
+Next morning he refused to eat any breakfast, but went off hungry to
+the woods and was gone all day. In the evening he returned, bringing
+with him a pair of deer horns, and went directly to the hothouse
+(Asi), where his grandmother was waiting for him. He told the old
+woman that he must be alone that night, so she got up and went into
+the house where the others were.
+
+At early daybreak she came again to the hothouse and looked in, and
+there she saw an immense Uktena that filled the Asi, with horns on
+its head, but still with two human legs instead of a snake's tail.
+
+It was all that was left of her boy. He spoke to her and told her to
+leave him, and she went away again from the door. When the sun was
+well up, the Uktena began slowly to crawl out, but it was full noon
+before it was all out of the Asi. It made a terrible hissing noise
+as it came out, and all the people ran from it.
+
+It crawled on thru the settlement, leaving a broad trail in the ground
+behind it, until it came to a deep bend in the river, where it plunged
+in and went under the water.
+
+The grandmother grieved much for the boy, until the others of the
+family got angry and told her that she thought so much of him that
+she ought to go and stay with him. So she left them and went along
+the trail made by the Uktena to the river and walked directly into
+the water and disappeared. Once after that a man fishing near the
+place saw her sitting on a large rock in the river, looking just as
+she had always looked, but as soon as she caught sight of him she
+jumped into the water and was gone.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH TWENTY-FOUR.
+
+THE SNAKE MAN.
+
+
+Two hunters, both for some reason under a tabu against the meat of
+a squirrel or turkey, had gone into the woods together. When evening
+came, they found a good camping place and lighted a fire to prepare
+their supper. One of them had killed several squirrels during the day,
+and now got ready to broil them over the fire.
+
+His companion warned him that if he broke the tabu and ate squirrel
+meat he would become a snake, but the other laughed and said that was
+only a conjurer's story. He went on with the preparation, and when
+the squirrels were roasted made his supper of them and then lay down
+by the fire to sleep.
+
+Late that night his companion was aroused by groaning, and on looking
+around he found the other lying on the ground rolling and twisting in
+agony, and with the lower part of his body already changed to the body
+and tail of a large watersnake. The man was still able to speak and
+call loudly for help, but his companion could do nothing, but only sit
+by and try to comfort him while he watched the arms sink into his body
+and the skin take on a scaly change that mounted gradually toward the
+neck, until at last even the head was a serpent's head and the great
+snake crawled away from the fire and down the bank into the river,
+and was never seen again.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH TWENTY-FIVE.
+
+THE RATTLESNAKE'S REVENGE.
+
+
+One day in the olden times, when we could still talk with other
+creatures, while some children were playing about the house, their
+mother inside heard them scream. Running outside she found that a
+rattlesnake had crawled from the grass, and taking up a stick she
+killed it. The father was out hunting in the mountains, and that
+evening when coming home after dark thru the gap, he heard a strange
+wailing sound. Looking about he found that he had come into the midst
+of a whole company of rattlesnakes, all of which had their mouths open
+and seemed to be crying. He asked them the reason of their trouble,
+and they told him that his own wife had that day killed their chief,
+the Yellow Rattlesnake, and they were just now about to send the
+Black Rattlesnake to take revenge.
+
+The hunter said he was very sorry, but they told him that if he spoke
+the truth that he must be ready to make satisfaction and give his
+wife as a sacrifice for the life of their chief. Not knowing what
+might happen otherwise, he consented. They then told him that the
+Black Rattlesnake would go home with him and coil up just outside
+the door in the dark. He must go inside, where he would find his wife
+awaiting him, and ask her to get him a fresh drink of water from the
+spring. That was all. He went home and knew that the Black Rattlesnake
+was following. It was night when he arrived and very dark, but he found
+his wife waiting with his supper ready. He sat down and asked for a
+drink of water. She handed him a gourd full from the jar, but he said
+he wanted it fresh from the spring, so she took a bowl and went out of
+the door. The next moment he heard a cry, and going out he found that
+the Black Rattlesnake had bitten her and that she was already dying.
+
+He stayed with her until she was dead, when the Black Rattlesnake
+came out from the grass again and said his tribe was now satisfied.
+
+He then taught the hunter a prayer song, and said, "When you meet
+any of us hereafter sing this song and we will not hurt you; but if
+by accident one of us should bite one of your tribe, then sing this
+song over him and he will recover." And the Cherokee have kept this
+song and sing it until this day.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH TWENTY-SIX.
+
+THE NEST OF THE TLANUWAS.
+
+
+On the north bank of Little Tennessee river, in a bend below the
+mouth of Citico creek, in Blount County, Tennessee, is a high cliff
+hanging over the water, and about half way up the face of the rock is
+a cave with two openings. The rock projects outward above the cave,
+so that the mouth cannot be seen from above, and it seems impossible
+to reach the cave either from above or below.
+
+There are white streaks in the rock from the cave down to the
+water. The Cherokee call it Tlanuwai (the place of the Great Mythic
+Hawk).
+
+In the old time, away back soon after the creation, a pair of Tlanuwas
+had their nest in this cave. They were immense birds, larger than
+any that live now, and very strong and savage.
+
+They were forever flying up and down the river, and used to come into
+the settlements and carry off dogs and even young children playing
+near the houses. No one could reach the nest to kill them, and when
+the people tried to shoot them the arrows only glanced off and were
+seized and carried away in the talons of the Tlanuwas.
+
+At last the people went to a great medicine man, who promised to
+help them. Some were afraid that if he failed to kill the Tlanuwas
+they would take revenge on the people, but the medicine man said he
+could fix that. He made a long rope of linn bark, just as the Cherokee
+still do, with loops in it for his feet, and had the people let him
+down from the top of the cliff at a time when he knew that the old
+birds were away.
+
+When he came opposite the mouth of the cave he still could not reach
+it, because the rocks above hung over, so he swung himself backward
+and forward several times until the rope swung near enough for him
+to pull himself into the cave with a hooked stick that he carried,
+which he managed to fasten in some bushes growing at the entrance.
+
+In the nest he found four young ones, and on the floor of the cave
+were the bones of all sorts of animals and children that had been
+carried there by the hawks. He pulled the young ones out of the nest
+and threw them over the cliff into the deep water below, where a
+great Uktena serpent that lived there finished them.
+
+Just then he saw the two old ones coming, and had hardly time to
+climb up again to the top of the rock before they reached the nest.
+
+When they found the nest empty they were furious, and circled round
+and round in the air until they saw the snake put its head from the
+water. Then they darted straight downward, and while one seized the
+snake in his talons and flew far up in the sky with it, his mate struck
+at it and bit off piece after piece until nothing was left. They were
+so high up that when the pieces fell they made holes in the rocks,
+which are still to be seen there, at the place which we call, "Where
+the Tlanuwa cut it up," opposite the mouth of Citico. Then the two
+hawks circled up and up until they went out of sight, and they have
+never been seen any more.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH TWENTY-SEVEN.
+
+THE HUNTER AND THE TLANUWA.
+
+
+A hunter out in the woods one day saw a Tlanuwa overhead and tried to
+hide from it, but the great bird had already seen him, and, sweeping
+down, struck its claws into his hunting pack, and carried him far
+up into the air. As it flew, the Tlanuwa, which was a mother-bird,
+spoke and told the hunter that he need not be afraid, as she would
+not hurt him, but only wanted him to stay awhile with her young ones
+to guard them until they were old enough to leave the nest.
+
+At last they alighted at the mouth of a cave in the face of a steep
+cliff. Inside, the water was dripping from the roof, and at the
+farther end was a nest of sticks in which were two young birds.
+
+The old Tlanuwa set the hunter down and then flew away, returning
+soon with a fresh-killed deer, which it tore to pieces, giving the
+first piece to the hunter and then feeding the two young hawks.
+
+The hunter stayed in the cave for many days until the young birds
+were nearly grown, and every day the old mother bird would fly away
+from the nest and return in the evening with a deer or a bear, of
+which she always gave the first piece to the hunter. He grew very
+anxious to see his home again, but the Tlanuwa kept telling him not
+to be uneasy, but to wait a little while longer. At last he made up
+his mind to escape from the cave and finally studied out the plan.
+
+The next morning, after the great hawk had gone, he dragged one of
+the young birds to the mouth of the cave and tied himself to one of
+its legs with a strap from his hunting pack. Then with the flat side
+of the tomahawk he struck it several times on the head until it was
+dazed and helpless, then pushed the bird and himself together off
+the shelf of rock into the air. They fell far, far down toward the
+earth, but the air from below held up the bird's wings, so that it
+was almost as if they were flying. As the Tlanuwa revived it tried
+to fly upward toward the nest, but the hunter struck it again with
+his hatchet until it was dazed and dropped again.
+
+At last they came down in the top of a poplar tree, when the hunter
+cut the strap from the leg of the bird and let it fly away, first
+pulling out a feather from its wing. He climbed down from the tree
+and went home to the settlement, but when he looked in his pack for
+the feather, he found that he only had a stone, for the Great Mythic
+Hawk had power to turn many objects into whatever it pleased.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH TWENTY-EIGHT.
+
+UTLUNTA, THE SPEAR FINGER.
+
+
+Long, long ago, there lived in the mountains a terrible ogress,
+a woman monster, whose food was human livers. She could take on any
+shape that she pleased, or that suited her purpose, but in her right
+form she looked very much like an old woman, excepting that her whole
+body was covered with a skin as hard as a rock, that no weapon could
+wound or penetrate, and that on her right hand she had a long, stony
+finger of bone, like an awl or spear-head, with which she stabbed
+everyone to whom she could get near enough. On account of this fact
+she was called Utlunta, "Spear Finger," and on account of her stony
+skin she was sometimes called Nunyunuwi, "Stone-dress."
+
+There was another stone-clothed monster that killed people, but that
+is a different story.
+
+Spear-finger had such power over stone that she could easily lift and
+carry immense rocks, and could cement them together by merely striking
+one against another. To get over the rough country more easily she
+undertook to build a great bridge through the air from Nunyutlugunyi,
+the "Tree Rock," on Hiwassee, over to Sanigilagi (Whiteside Mountain,
+in Jackson County, North Carolina,) on the Blue Ridge, and had it well
+started from the top of "Tree rock" when the lightning struck it and
+scattered the fragments along the whole ridge, where the pieces can
+still be seen by those who go there.
+
+She used to range all over the mountains about the heads of the streams
+and in the dark passes of Nantahala, always hungry and looking for
+victims. Her favorite haunt on the Tennessee side of the Great Smoky
+Mountains was about the gap on the trail where Chilhowee Mountains
+come down to the river.
+
+Sometimes the old woman would approach along the trail where the
+children were picking strawberries or playing near the village, and
+would say to them coaxingly, "Come, my grand children, come to your
+granny and let granny dress your hair." When some little girl ran up
+and laid her head in the old woman's lap to be petted and combed,
+the old witch would gently run her fingers thru the child's hair
+until it went to sleep, when she would stab the little one thru
+the heart or back of the neck with the long awl finger, which she
+had kept hidden under her robe. Then she would take out the liver
+and eat it. She would enter the house by taking the appearance of
+one of the family who happened to have gone out for a short time,
+and would watch her chance to stab some one with her long finger
+and take out his liver. She could stab him without being noticed,
+and often the victim did not even know it himself at the time--for it
+left no wound and caused no pain--but went on about his own affairs,
+until all at once he felt weak and began to pine away, and was always
+sure to die, because Spear-finger had taken his liver.
+
+When the Cherokee went out in the fall, according to their custom,
+to burn leaves off from the mountains in order to get the chestnuts
+on the ground, they were never safe, for the old witch was always on
+the lookout, and as soon as she saw the smoke rise she knew there
+were Indians there and she would sneak up and try to surprise one
+alone. So as well as they could they would try to keep together, and
+were very cautious of allowing any stranger to approach the camp. But
+if one went to the spring for a drink, they never knew but it might
+be the liver-eater that came back and sat with them. At last a great
+council was held to devise some means to get rid of the old witch
+before she should destroy everybody. The people came from all around
+to Nikwasi, (mound now near Franklin, N. C.) and after much talking it
+was decided that the best way to secure her demise would be to trap her
+in a pitfall where all the warriors could attack her at once. So they
+dug a deep pitfall across the path and covered it over with earth and
+grass as if the ground had never been disturbed. Then they kindled a
+large fire of brush near the trail and hid themselves in the laurels,
+because they knew that she would come as soon as she saw the smoke.
+
+Sure enough they soon saw an old woman coming along the trail. She
+looked very much like an old woman that they knew in the village,
+and although several of the wiser men wanted to shoot at her, the
+others interfered, because they did not want to hurt one of their
+own people. The old woman came slowly along the trail, with one hand
+under her blanket, until she stepped upon the pitfall and tumbled
+through the brush top into the deep hole below. Then, at once, she
+showed her true nature, and instead of the old feeble woman there was
+the terrible Utlunta with her stony skin, and her sharp awl finger
+reaching out in every direction for some one to stab.
+
+The hunters rushed out from the thicket and surrounded the pit, but
+shoot as true and as often as they could, the arrows struck the stony
+mail of the witch only to be broken and fall useless at her feet,
+while she taunted them and tried to climb out of the pit to get at
+them. They kept out of her way, but were only wasting their arrows
+when a small bird, Utsugi, the titmous, perched on a tree overhead and
+began to sing, "un, un, un." They thought it was saying unqhu, heart,
+meaning that they should aim at the heart of the stone witch. They
+directed their arrows where the heart should be, but the arrows only
+glanced off with the flint heads broken.
+
+Then they caught the Utsugi and cut off its tongue, so that ever
+since its tongue is short and everybody knows that it is a liar.
+
+When the hunters let it go, it flew straight up into the sky until it
+was out of sight, and it never came back any more, and the titmouse
+that we know now is only an image of the other.
+
+They kept up the fight without result until another bird, little
+Tsikilili, the chickadee, flew down from a tree and alighted upon the
+witch's right hand. The warriors took this as a sign that they must
+aim there, and they were right, for her heart was on the inside of
+her hand, which she kept doubled up into a fist, this same awl-hand
+with which she had stabbed so many people. Now she was frightened
+in earnest, and began to rush furiously at them with her long awl
+finger, and to jump about in the pit to dodge the arrows, until at
+last an arrow struck her just where the awl finger joined her wrist
+and she fell down dead. Ever since then the Tsikilili is known as a
+truth-teller, and when a man is away on a journey, if this bird comes
+and perches near the house and chirps its song, his friends know that
+he will soon reach his home in safety, and his friends will greet
+him upon his arrival.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH TWENTY-NINE.
+
+NUNYUNUWI, THE STONE MAN.
+
+
+This is what the old men used to tell us when we were boys. Once when
+all the people of the settlement were out in the mountains on a great
+hunt, one man who had gone ahead climbed to the top of a high ridge
+and found a large river on the other side.
+
+While he was looking across he saw an old man walking about on the
+opposite ridge, with a cane that seemed to be made of some bright,
+shining rock. The hunter watched and saw that every little while the
+old man would point his cane in a certain direction, then draw it
+back and smell the end of it. At last he pointed it in the direction
+of the hunter's camp on the other side of the mountain, and this
+time when he drew back the staff he sniffed it several times as if
+it smelled very good, and then started along the ridge straight for
+the camp. He moved very slowly, with the help of the cane, until he
+reached the end of the ridge, when he threw the cane out into the
+air and it became a bridge of shining rock stretching across the river.
+
+After he had crossed over upon the bridge it became a cane again
+and the old man picked it up and started over the mountain toward
+the camp. The hunter was frightened, and felt sure that it meant
+mischief, so he hurried on down the mountain and took the shortest
+trail back to the camp to get there before the old man. When he got
+there and told his story the medicine-man said the old man was a
+wicked cannibal monster called Nunyunuwi, "Dressed in Stone," who
+lived in the Nantahala mountains, and was always going about thru
+the forest looking for some hunter that he might kill and eat him.
+
+It was very hard to escape from him, because his cane guided him as a
+dog, and it was nearly as hard to kill him, for his body was entirely
+covered with a skin of solid rock. If he came he would kill and eat
+them all, and there was only one way to save their lives.
+
+He could not bear to look upon a woman, and if they could bring to
+the path seven married women, that the sight of them would kill him,
+and they would rid themselves of him. So they ran swiftly and brought
+quickly as many women as they could find, and placed them along the
+trail, and when the old man came, he saw one woman standing near the
+trail and the very sight of her made him sick and he cried out, "Yu,
+my grandchild, I hate the sight of woman!" He hurried past her and in
+a moment he saw the second woman standing as he had seen the other,
+and he cried out again, "Yu! my child; I hate the tribe of women, and
+he hurried past her, and he continued along the trail until he came
+to the seventh, and by this time he had become so much enraged that
+he fell down almost dead. Then the medicine-man drove seven sourwood
+switches through his body and pinned him to the ground, and when night
+came they piled great logs over him and set fire to them, and all the
+people gathered around to see. Nunyunuwi was a great adawehi and knew
+many secrets, and now as the fire came close to him he began to talk,
+and told them the medicine for all kinds of sickness. At midnight
+he began to sing, and sang the hunting songs for calling up the bear
+and deer and all the animals of the woods and mountains.
+
+As the blaze grew hotter his voice sank lower and lower, until at
+last when the daylight came, the logs were a heap of white ashes and
+the voice was still. Then the medicine-man told them to rake off the
+ashes, and where the body had lain they found only a large lump of
+wadi paint and a magic Ulunsuti stone. He kept the stone for himself,
+and calling the people around him he painted them on the face and
+breast with the red wadi, and whatever each person prayed for while
+the painting was being done, whether for hunting success, for working
+skill, or for long life--that gift was his.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH THIRTY.
+
+THE HUNTER AND DAKWA.
+
+
+In the old days there was a great fish called the Dakwa, which lived
+in the Tennessee river where Toco creek comes in at Dakwai, the "Dakwa
+place," above the mouth of Tellico, and which was so large that it
+could easily swallow a man. Once a canoe filled with warriors was
+crossing over from the town on the other side of the river, when the
+Dakwa suddenly rose up under the boat and threw them all into the
+air. As they came down it swallowed one with a single snap of its
+jaws and dived with him to the bottom of the river.
+
+As soon as the hunter came to his senses he found that he had not been
+hurt, but it was so hot and close inside the Dakwa that he was nearly
+smothered. As he groped around in the dark his hand struck a lot of
+mussel shells which the fish had swallowed, and taking one of these for
+a knife he began to cut his way out, until soon the fish grew uneasy
+at the scraping inside his stomach and came up to the top of the water
+for air. He kept on cutting until the fish was in such pain that it
+swam this way and that across the stream and thrashed the water into
+foam with its tail. Finally the hole was so large that he could look
+out, and found that the fish was resting in shallow water near the
+shore. The Dakwa soon became so sick from the wound that it vomited
+the hunter out of its mouth, and he with the others made their escape
+to Tellico, but the juices in the stomach of the fish made the hair
+fall from the head of the hunter so that he was bald ever after that.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH THIRTY-ONE.
+
+ATAGAHI, THE ENCHANTED LAKE.
+
+(This is the scene of the myth upon which the story of Occoneechee
+is founded.)
+
+
+Westward from the headwaters of Oconaluftee river, in the wildest
+depths of the Great Smoky Mountains, which form the line between North
+Carolina and Tennessee, is the enchanted lake of Atagahi, "Gall place."
+
+Although all of the Cherokee know that it is there, no one has ever
+seen it, for the way is so difficult that only the animals know how to
+reach it. Should a stray hunter come near the place he would know of
+it by the whirring sound of the wings of thousands of wild ducks and
+pigeons flying about the lake, but on reaching the spot he would find
+only a dry flat, without bird or animal or blade of grass, unless he
+had first sharpened his spiritual vision by prayer and fasting and
+an all-night vigil.
+
+Because the lake is not seen, some people think that the lake is dried
+up long ago, but this is not true. To one that had kept watch and
+fasted all the night it would appear at daybreak as a wide-extending,
+but shallow sheet of pure water, fed by springs spouting from the
+high cliffs around. In the water are all kinds of fish and reptiles,
+and swimming upon the surface or flying overhead are great flocks of
+ducks and pigeons, while all about the shore are bear tracks crossing
+in every direction. It is the medicine lake of the birds and animals,
+and whenever a bear is wounded by the hunter he makes his way thru
+the woods to this lake and plunges into the water, and when he comes
+out upon the other side his wounds are healed, and for this reason
+the animals keep the lake invisible to the hunter.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH THIRTY-TWO.
+
+THE BRIDE FROM THE SOUTH.
+
+
+The North went traveling, and after going far and meeting many
+different tribes he finally fell in love with the daughter of the
+South and wanted to marry her. The girl was willing, but her parents
+objected and said, "Ever since you came the weather has been cold,
+and if you stay here we will all freeze to death." The North pleaded
+hard, and said if they would let him have their daughter, he would
+take her back to his own country, so at last they consented.
+
+They were married and he took his bride back to his own country,
+and when they arrived there she found the people all living in ice
+houses. The next day, when the sun rose, the houses began to leak,
+and as it climbed higher the houses began to melt, and it grew warmer
+and warmer, until finally the people came to the young husband and told
+him he must send his wife home again, or the weather would get so warm
+that the whole settlement would be melted. He loved his wife and so
+held out as long as he could, but as the sun grew hotter the people
+were more urgent, and at last he had to send her home to her parents,
+but they agreed that she might return once a year for a short season,
+but that she should never come to live in the North again, for as she
+was reared in the South, that her whole nature was warm and that she
+was unfit to dwell in the North.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH THIRTY-THREE.
+
+THE ICE MAN.
+
+
+Once when the people were burning the woods in the fall, and the blaze
+set fire to a poplar tree, which continued to burn until the fire
+went down into the roots and burned a great hole in the ground. It
+burned, and burned, and the hole grew constantly larger, until the
+people became frightened and were afraid that it would burn the whole
+world. They tried to put out the fire, but it had gone too deep,
+and they did not know what to do. At last some one said there was a
+man living in a house of ice far in the north who could put out the
+fire, so messengers were sent, and after traveling a long distance
+they came to the ice house and found the Ice Man at home. He was
+a little fellow with long hair hanging down to the ground in two
+plaits. The messengers told him their errand and he at once said,
+"O yes, I can help you," and began to unplait his hair.
+
+When it was once all unbraided he took it up in one hand and struck
+it once across the other hand, and the messengers felt the wind blow
+against their cheeks. A second time he struck his hair across his
+hand, and a light rain began to fall. The third time he struck his
+hair across his open hand there was sleet mixed with the rain drops,
+and when he struck the fourth time great hailstones fell upon the
+ground, as if they had come out from the ends of the hair. "Go back
+now," said the Ice Man, "and I shall be there tomorrow."
+
+So the messengers returned to their people, whom they found still
+gathered helplessly about the great burning pit. The next day while
+they were all gathered about the fire, there came a wind from the
+north, and they were afraid, for they knew that it came from the
+Ice Man. But the wind only made the fire blaze higher. The light
+rain began to fall, but the drops seemed only to make the fire
+hotter. Then the shower turned to a heavy rain, with sleet and hail
+that killed the blaze and made clouds of smoke and steam rise from the
+red coals. The people fled to their homes for shelter, and the storm
+rose to a whirlwind that drove the rain into every burning crevice
+and piled great hailstones over the embers, until the fire was dead
+and even the smoke ceased. When at last it was all over, and the
+people returned, they found a lake where the burning pit had been,
+and from below the water came a sound as of embers still crackling.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH THIRTY-FOUR.
+
+THE HUNTER AND SELU.
+
+
+A hunter had been tramping over the mountains all day long without
+finding any game, and when the sun went down, he built a fire in a
+hollow stump, swallowed a few mouthfuls of corn gruel and lay down
+to sleep, tired out and completely discouraged.
+
+About the middle of the night he dreamed and seemed to hear the sound
+of beautiful singing, which continued until near daybreak, and then
+appeared to die away in the upper air.
+
+All the next day he hunted, with the same poor success, and at night
+made his lonely camp in the woods. He slept, and the same strange
+dream came again, but so vividly that it seemed to him like an actual
+happening. Rousing himself before daylight, he still heard the same
+song, and feeling sure now that it was real, he went in the direction
+of the sound and found that it came from a single green stalk of corn
+(selu).
+
+The plant spoke to him, and told him to cut off some of its roots
+and take them to his home in the settlement, and the next morning
+to chew them and "go to water" before anyone else was awake, and
+then to go out again into the woods, and he would kill many deer,
+and from that time on would always be successful in the hunt.
+
+The corn plant continued to talk, teaching him hunting secrets and
+telling him to be always generous with the game he took, until it was
+noon and the sun was high, when it suddenly took the form of a woman
+and rose gracefully into the air and was gone from sight, leaving
+the hunter alone in the woods. He returned home and told his story,
+and all the people knew that he had seen Selu, the wife of Kanati. He
+did as the spirit had directed, and from that time was noted as the
+most successful of all the hunters in the settlement.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH THIRTY-FIVE.
+
+THE NUNNEHI AND OTHER SPIRIT FOLKS.
+
+
+The Nunnehi or Immortals, the "People who live everywhere," were a
+race of spirit people who lived in the highlands of the old Cherokee
+country and had a great many town-houses, and especially on the tops
+of the bald mountains, the high peaks where no timber grows.
+
+They had large town-houses on Pilot Knob, and in Nik-Wasi mound,
+in what is now Macon County, North Carolina, and another in Blood
+Mountain, and at the head of Nottely river in Georgia. They were
+invisible excepting when they wanted to be seen, and they looked
+and spoke just like other Indians. They were very fond of music and
+dancing, and hunters in the mountains would often hear the dance songs
+and the drum-beating in some invisible town-house, but when they went
+toward the sound it would shift about and they would hear it behind
+them or away in some other direction, so that they could never find
+the place where the dance was.
+
+They were a friendly people, too, and often brought lost wanderers to
+their town-houses under the mountains, and cared for them there until
+they were rested, and guided them back to their homes. There was a
+man who lived in Nottely town who had been with the Nunnehi, when he
+was a boy about twelve years old, and this is the story he tells.
+
+One day, when he was playing near the river, shooting at a mark with
+his bow and arrows, until he became tired, and started to build a
+fish-trap in the water. While he was piling up the rocks in two long
+walls, a man came and stood on the bank and asked him what he was
+doing. The man said, "Well, that is pretty hard work, and you ought
+to come and rest awhile; come and take a walk up the river."
+
+The boy said, "No"; that he was going home to dinner soon. "Come right
+up to my house," said the stranger, "and I'll give you a good dinner
+there, and will bring you home again in the morning."
+
+So the boy went with him up the river until they came to a house, when
+they went in, and the man's wife and the other people there were very
+glad to see him, and gave him a fine dinner, and were very kind to him.
+
+While they were eating, another boy that the boy knew very well came
+in and spoke to him, so that he felt very much at home.
+
+After dinner he played with the other children, and slept there that
+night, and in the morning, after breakfast, the man got ready to take
+him home. They went down a path that had a cornfield on one side and
+a peach orchard on the other, until they came to another trail, and
+the man said, "Go along this trail across that ridge and you will
+come to the river road that will bring you straight to your home,
+and now I'll go back to the house."
+
+So the man went back to the house, and the boy went on along the trail,
+but when he had gone a little distance he looked back, and there was
+no cornfield or orchard or fence or house; nothing but trees on the
+mountainside. He thought it rather queer, but somehow he was not
+frightened, and went on until he came to the river trail in sight
+of his house. There were a great many people standing about talking,
+and when they saw him they ran toward him shouting, "Here he is! He
+is not drowned or killed in the mountains!" They told him that they
+had been hunting him ever since yesterday noon, and asked him where he
+had been. He told them the story of what had happened, and they said
+there is no house there, and it was the Nunnehi that had you with them.
+
+Once four Nunnehi women came to dance at Nottely town, and danced half
+of the night with the young men there, and nobody knew that they were
+Nunnehi, but thought them visitors from another settlement. About
+midnight they left to go home, and some men who had come out from
+the town-house to cool off watched to see which way they went. They
+saw the women go down the trail to the river ford, but just as they
+came to the water they disappeared, although it was a plain trail,
+with no place where they could hide. Then the watchers knew that they
+were Nunnehi. At another time a man was crossing over from Nottely
+to Hemptown, in Georgia, and heard a drum and the songs of dancers
+in the hills on one side of the trail. He rode to see who could be
+dancing in such a place, but when he reached the spot the drum and the
+songs were behind him, and he was so frightened that he hurried back
+to the trail and rode all the way to Hemptown as hard as he could to
+tell the story. He was a truthful man and they believed him.
+
+A long time ago a man got lost in the mountains near the head of
+Oconaluftee river, and it was very cold and his friends thought that
+he must be frozen to death, but he was taken to a cave by the Nunnehi
+and given something to eat, and when the weather was more pleasant
+they conducted him to the main trail and sent him on home to the
+neighbors in the valley below.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH THIRTY-FIVE.
+
+THE REMOVED TOWN-HOUSE.
+
+
+Long ago, before the Cherokee were driven from their homes in 1838, the
+people on Valley river and Hiwassee heard voices of invisible spirits
+calling them from the skies, and warning them of wars and misfortunes
+which the future held in store, and inviting them to come and live with
+the Nunnehi, the Immortals, in their homes under the mountains and
+under the waters. For days the voice hung in the air, and the people
+listened until they heard the voice say, "If you would live with us,
+gather every one in your town-house and fast there seven days, and no
+one must raise a shout or a warwhoop in all that time. Do this and we
+will come and you shall see us and we shall take you to live with us."
+
+The people were afraid of the evils that were to come, and they
+knew that the Immortals of the mountains and of the waters were
+happy forever, so they counciled in their town-house and decided to
+go with them. Those of Anisgayayitown came all together into their
+town-house and prayed and fasted for six days. On the seventh day
+there was a sound from the distant mountains, and it came nearer and
+grew louder until a roar of thunder was all about the town-house and
+they felt the ground shake all around them. Now they were frightened,
+and despite the warning some of them screamed out.
+
+The Nunnehi, who had already lifted up the town-house with its mound
+to carry it away, were startled by the sound and let a part of it
+fall to the ground, where we now see the mound Setsi.
+
+They steadied themselves again and bore the rest of the town-house,
+with all the people in it, to the top of Tsudayelunyi, near the head
+of Cheowa, where we can still see it, changed long ago to solid rock,
+but the people are invisible and immortal.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH THIRTY-SIX.
+
+THE SPIRIT DEFENDERS OF NIKWASI.
+
+
+Long ago a powerful unknown tribe invaded the country from the
+southeast, killing people and destroying settlements wherever they
+went. No leader could stand against them, and in a little while
+they had wasted all the lower settlements and advanced into the
+mountains. The warriors of the old town of Nikwasi, on the head of
+Little Tennessee, gathered their wives and their children into the
+town-house and kept scouts constantly on the lookout for the presence
+of danger.
+
+One morning, just before the break of day, the spies saw the enemy
+approaching and at once gave the alarm. The Nikwasi men seized
+their arms and rushed out to meet the attack, but after a long,
+hard fight they found themselves overpowered and began to retreat,
+when suddenly a stranger stood among them and shouted to the chief to
+call off his men and he himself would drive the enemy back. From the
+dress and the language of the stranger the Nikwasi people thought him
+a chief who had come with reinforcements from Overhill settlements
+in Tennessee. They fell back along the trail, and as they came near
+the town-house they saw a great company of warriors coming out from
+the side of the mound as from an open doorway.
+
+Then they knew that their friends were the Nunnehi, the Immortals,
+although no one had ever heard that they lived under Nikwasi mound. The
+Nunnehi poured out by hundreds, armed and painted for the fight,
+and the most curious part of it all was that they became invisible as
+soon as they were fairly outside of the settlement, so that although
+the enemy saw the glancing arrow or the rushing tomahawk, and felt
+the stroke, he could not see who sent it.
+
+Before such an invisible foe the invaders had to retreat, going
+first south along the ridge to where joins the main ridge, which
+separates Tah-kee-os-tee (French Broad) from the Tuckaseigee, and
+then turning with it to the northeast. As they retreated they tried
+to shield themselves behind rocks and trees, but the Nunnehi arrows
+went around them and killed them from the other side, and they could
+find no hiding place.
+
+All along the ridge they fell, until when they reached the head of
+Tuckaseigee not more than half a dozen were left alive, and in their
+despair they sat down and cried out for mercy. The Nunnehi chief told
+them that they deserved their punishment for attacking a peaceful
+tribe, and he spared their lives and told them to go home and tell
+their people. It was the custom of the Indians to spare some to carry
+the news of battle and defeat. Then the Nunnehi went back to the mound,
+and have been there ever since.
+
+They are there now, for when a strong army of Federal troops came
+to surprise a handful of Confederates in the last war, they saw so
+many soldiers guarding the town that they were afraid and went away
+without making an attack.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH THIRTY-SEVEN.
+
+KANASTA, THE LOST SETTLEMENT.
+
+
+Long ago, while the people still lived in the old town of Kanasta,
+on Tah-kee-os-tee, (French Broad) two strangers, who looked in no
+way different from the other Cherokee, came into the settlement one
+day and made their way into the chief's house.
+
+After the first greetings were over, the chief asked them from what
+town they came, thinking they were from one of the western settlements,
+but they said, "We are of your people and our town is close at hand,
+but you have never seen it. Here you have wars and sickness, with
+enemies on every side, and after awhile a stronger enemy will come and
+take your country from you. We are always happy, and we have come to
+invite you to live with us in our town over there," and they pointed
+toward Tsuwatelda (Pilot Knob). "We do not live forever, and do not
+always find game when we go for it, for game belongs to Tsulkalu,
+who lives in Tsunegunyi, but we have peace always and do not think
+of danger. We go now, but if your people will live with us, let them
+fast seven days and we will come then and take them."
+
+Then they went away toward the west. The chief called the people
+together into the town-house, and they held a council over the matter
+and decided at last to go with the strangers. They got all of their
+property ready for moving, and then went again into the town-house
+and began their fast. They fasted six days and on the morning of the
+seventh, before yet the sun was high, they saw a great company coming
+along the trail from the west, led by the two men who had stopped with
+the chief. They seemed just like Cherokee from another settlement,
+and after a friendly meeting they took up a part of the goods to be
+carried, and the two parties started back together for Tsuwatelda.
+
+There was one man visiting at Kanasta, and he went along with
+them. When they came to the mountain the two guides led the way
+into a cave, which opened out like a great door in the side of the
+rock. Inside they found an open country and a town, with houses
+ranged in two long rows from east to west. The mountain people lived
+in the houses on the south side, and they had made ready the other
+houses for the newcomers, but even after the people of Kanasta,
+with their children and their belongings, had moved in, there were
+still a large number of houses waiting ready for the next who might
+come. The mountain people told them that there was another town of a
+different people, above them in another mountain, and still farther
+above, at the very top, lived the Ani-Hyuntikwalaski (the Thunders).
+
+Now all the people of Kanasta were settled in their new homes, but the
+man who had only been visiting with them wanted to go back to his own
+friends. Some of the mountain people wanted to prevent this, but the
+chief said, "No, let him go if he will, and when he tells his friends
+they may want to come, too. There is plenty of room for all." Then he
+said to the man, "Go back and tell your friends that if they want to
+come and live with us and always be happy, there is a place here ready
+and waiting for them. Others of us live in Datsunalasgunyi and in the
+high mountains all around, and if they would rather go to any of them,
+it will be all the same. We see you wherever you go, and are with you
+in all of your dances, but you cannot see us unless you fast. If you
+want to see us, fast four days, and we will come and talk with you;
+and then if you want to live with us, fast again seven days, and we
+will come and take you." Then the chief led the man through the cave
+to the outside of the mountain and left him there, but when the man
+looked back he saw no cave, but only the solid rock. The people of
+the Lost Settlement were never seen again and they are still living
+in Tauwatelda. Strange things happen there, so that the Cherokee know
+that the mountain is haunted and do not like to go near it. Only a
+few years ago a party of hunters camped there, and as they sat around
+their fire at supper time they talked of the story and made rough
+jokes of the people of old Kanasta. That night they were aroused from
+sleep by a noise as of stones thrown at them from among the trees,
+but when they searched they could find nobody, and were so frightened
+that they gathered up their guns and pouches and left the place.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH THIRTY-EIGHT.
+
+HEMP-CARRIER.
+
+
+On the southern slope of the ridge, along the trail from Robbinsville
+to Valley river, in Cherokee County, North Carolina, are the remains of
+a number of stone cairns. The piles are level now, but fifty years ago
+the stones were still heaped up in pyramids, to which every Cherokee
+who passed added a stone. According to the tradition these piles
+marked the graves of a number of women and children of the tribe who
+were surprised and killed on the spot by a raiding party of Iroquois
+shortly before the final peace between the two nations. As soon
+as the news was brought to the settlement on Hiwassee and Cheowa,
+a party was made under Taletanigiski, "Hemp-Carrier," to follow and
+take vengeance on the enemy.
+
+Among others of the party was the father of the noted chief,
+Tsunulahunski, or Junaluska, who (Junaluska) died in about the year
+1855, who was also the chief and hero of the battle of Horseshoe
+Bend. For days they followed the trail of the Iroquois across the
+Great Smoky Mountains, thru forests and over rivers, until finally
+they tracked them to their very town in the far Seneca country.
+
+On the way they met another war party headed for the south, and the
+Cherokee killed them all and took their scalps.
+
+When they came near the Seneca town it was almost night, and they
+heard shouts in the town-house, where the women were dancing over the
+fresh scalps of the Cherokee. The avengers hid themselves near the
+spring, and as the dancers came down to drink, the Cherokee silently
+killed one and another until they had counted as many scalps as had
+been taken on Cheowa, and still the dancers in the town-house never
+thought that enemies were near. Then said the Cherokee leader, "We
+have covered the scalps of our women and children. Shall we go home
+now like cowards, or shall we raise the warwhoop and let the Seneca
+know that we are men?" "Let them come if they will," said the men,
+and they raised the scalp yell of the Cherokees.
+
+At once there was an answering shout from the town-house, and the
+dance came to a sudden close. The Seneca swarmed out with ready gun
+and hatchet, but the nimble Cherokee were off and away. There was a
+hot pursuit in the darkness, but the Cherokee knew the trails and were
+light and active runners, and managed to get away with the loss of only
+one man. The rest got home safely, and the people were so well pleased
+with Hemp-Carrier's bravery and success that they gave him seven wives.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+PART IV
+
+GLOSSARY OF CHEROKEE WORDS
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+GLOSSARY OF CHEROKEE WORDS.
+
+
+The Cherokee language has the continental vowel sounds a, e, i, and u,
+but lacks o, which is replaced by a deep a. The obscure or short u
+is frequently nasalized, but the nasal sound is seldom heard at the
+end of a word. The only labial is m, which occurs in probably not
+more than half a dozen words in the Upper and Middle dialects, and is
+entirely absent from the Lower dialect, in which w takes its place. The
+characteristic l of the Upper and Middle dialects becomes r in the
+Lower, but no dialect has both sounds of these letters, but g and d are
+medials, approximating the sounds of k and t respectively. A frequent
+double consonant is ts, commonly rendered ch by the old traders.
+
+
+    a    as in far.
+    a    as in what, or obscure as in showman.
+    а    as in law, all.
+    d    medial (semisonant), approximating t.
+    e    as in they.
+    e    as in net.
+    g    medial (semisonant), approximating k.
+    h    as in hat.
+    i    as in pique.
+    i    as in pick.
+    k    as in kick.
+    l    as in lull.
+    `l   surd l (sometimes written hl), nearly the Welsh ll.
+    m    as in man.
+    n    as in not.
+    r    takes place of 1 in Lower dialect.
+    s    as in sin.
+    t    as in top.
+    u    as in rule.
+    Ñ‹    as in cut.
+    ы�   ы nasalized.
+    w    as in wit.
+    y    as in you.
+    '    a slight aspirate, sometimes indicating the omission
+         of a vowel.
+
+
+A number of English words, with cross references, have been introduced
+into the glossary.
+
+
+
+
+ada`lanun`sti--a staff or cane.
+
+adan`ta--soul.
+
+ada`wehi--a magician or supernatural being.
+
+ada`wehi`yu--a very great magician; intensive form of ada`wehi.
+
+a`gana--groundhog.
+
+A`gansta`ta--"groundhog-sausage," from a`gana, ground-hog, and
+tsista`u, "I am pounding it," understood to refer to pounding meat,
+etc., in a mortar, after having first crisped it before the fire. A war
+chief, noted in the Cherokee war of 1760, and prominent until about
+the close of the Revolution, known to the whites as Oconostota. Also
+the Cherokee name for Colonel Gideon Morgan of the war of 1812, for
+Washington Morgan, his son, of the Civil war, and now for a full-blood
+upon the reservation, known to the whites as Morgan Calhoun.
+
+A`gan-uni`tsi--"Ground-hog's mother," from a`gana and uni`tsi, their
+mother, plural of utsi`, his mother (etsi`, agitsi`, my mother). The
+Cherokee name of the Shawano captive, who, according to tradition,
+killed the great Uktena serpent and procured the Ulunsu`ti.
+
+Agawe`la--"Old Woman," a formulistic name for corn or the spirit corn.
+
+agayun`li--for agayunlige, old, ancient.
+
+agida`ta--see eda`ta.
+
+agidutu--see edu`tu.
+
+Agi'li--"He is rising," possibly a contraction of an old personal
+name. Agin`-agi'li, "Rising-fawn." Major George Lawrey, cousin of
+Sequoya, and assistant chief of the Cherokee Nation about 1840. Stanley
+incorrectly makes it "Keeth-la, or Dog" for gi'li`.
+
+agin`si--see eni`si.
+
+agi`si--female, applied usually to quadrupeds.
+
+Agis`-e`gwa--"Great Female," possibly "Great Doe." A being, probably
+an animal god invoked in the sacred formulas.
+
+agitsi`--see etsi`.
+
+Agitsta'ti`yi--"where they stayed up all night," from tsigitsun`tihu,
+"I stay up all night." A place in the Great Smoky range about the
+head of Noland creek, in Swain County, N. C.
+
+Aguaquiri--see Guaquili.
+
+Ahalu`na--"Ambush," Ahalunun`yi, "Ambush place," or Uni`halu`na,
+"where they ambushed," from akalu`ga, "I am watching." Soco gap, at
+the head of Soco creek, on the line between Swain and Haywood counties,
+N. C. The name is also applied to the lookout station for deer hunters.
+
+ahanu`lahi--"he is bearded," from ahanu`lahu, a beard.
+
+Ahu`lude`gi--"He throws away the drum" (habitual), from ahu`li, drum,
+and akwade`gu, "I am throwing it away" (round object). The Cherokee
+name of John Jolly, a noted chief and adopted father of Samuel Houston,
+about 1800.
+
+ahyeli`ski--a mocker or mimic.
+
+akta`--eye; plural, dikta`.
+
+akta`ti--a telescope or field glass. The name denotes something with
+which to examine or look into closely, from akta`, eye.
+
+akwandu`li--a song form for akwidu`li (-hu,) "I want it."
+
+Akwan'ki--see Anakwan`ki.
+
+Akwe'ti`yi--a location on Tuckasegee river, in Jackson county, North
+Carolina; the meaning of the name is lost.
+
+Alarka--see Yalagi.
+
+aliga`--the red-horse fish (Moxostoma).
+
+Alkini`--the last woman known to be of Natchez decent and peculiarity
+among the East Cherokee; died about 1890. The name has no apparent
+meaning.
+
+ama`--water; in the Lower dialect, awa`; cf. a`ma salt.
+
+amaye`hi--"dwelling in the water," from ama` (ama`yi, "in the water")
+and ehu`, "I dwell," "I live."
+
+Amaye'l-e`gwa--"Great island," from amaye'li, island (from ama`,
+water, and aye'li, "in the middle") and e`gwa, great. A former Cherokee
+settlement on Little Tennessee river, at Big island, a short distance
+below the mouth of Tellico, in Monroe county, Tenn. Timberlake writes
+it Mialaquo, while Bartram spells it Nilaque. Not to be confounded
+with Long-Island town below Chattanooga.
+
+Amaye'li-gunahi`ta--"Long-island," from amaye'li, island, and
+gunahi`ta, long. A former Cherokee settlement, known to the whites
+as Long-Island town, at the Long-island in Tennessee river, on
+the Tennessee-Georgia line. It was one of the Chickamauga towns
+(see Tsikama`gi).
+
+ama`yine`hi--"dwellers in the water," plural of amaye`hi.
+
+Anada`duntaski--"roasters," i. e., cannibals; from gun`tasku`. "I
+am putting it (round) into the fire to roast." The regular word for
+cannibals is Yun`wini`giski, q. v.
+
+anagahun`unsku`--the green-corn dance; literally, "they are having
+a green-corn dance"; the popular name is not a translation of the
+Cherokee word, which has no reference either to corn or dancing.
+
+Anakwan'ki--the Delaware Indians; singular Akwan'ki, a Cherokee
+attempt at Wapanaqki, "Easterners," the Algonquian name by which,
+in various corrupted forms, the Delawares are commonly known to the
+western tribes.
+
+Anantooeah--see Ani`Nun`dawe`gi.
+
+a'ne`tsa, or anetsa`gi--the ball-play.
+
+a'netsa`unski--a ball-player; literally, "a lover of the ball-play."
+
+ani`--a tribal and animate prefix.
+
+ani`da`wehi--plural of ada`wehi.
+
+a`niganti`ski--see dagan'tu.
+
+Ani`Gatage`wi--one of the seven Cherokee clans. The name has now
+no meaning, but has been absurdly rendered "Blind savana," from an
+incorrect idea that it is derived from Iga`ti, a swamp or savanna,
+and dige`wi, blind.
+
+Ani-Gila`hi--"Long-haired people," one of the seven Cherokee clans;
+singular, Agila`hi. The word comes from agila`hi (perhaps connected
+with afi'lge-ni, "the back of (his) neck"), an archaic term denoting
+wearing the hair long or flowing loosely, and usually recognized as
+applying more particularly to a woman.
+
+Ani`-Gili`--a problematic tribe, possibly the Congaree. The name is
+not connected with gi`li`, dog.
+
+Ani`-Gusa--see Ani`Ku`sa.
+
+a`nigwa--soon after; dine`tlana a`nigwa, "soon after the creation."
+
+Ani`-Hyun`tikwala`ski--"The Thunders," i. e., thunder, which
+in Cherokee belief, is controlled and caused by a family of
+supernaturals. The word has reference to making a rolling sound;
+cf. tikwale`lu, a wheel, hence a wagon; ama`-tikwalelunyi, "rolling
+water place," applied to a cascade where the water falls along
+the surface of the rock; ahyun`tikwala`stihu`, "it is thundering,"
+applied to the roar of a railroad train or waterfall.
+
+Ani`-Kawi`--"Deer people," one of the seven Cherokee clans; the
+regular form for deer is a'wi`.
+
+Ani`-Kawi`ta--the Lower Creeks, from Kawi`ta or Coweta, their former
+principal town on Chattahoochee river near the present Columbus,
+Ga.; the Upper Creeks on the head streams of Alabama river were
+distinguished as Ani`-Ku`sa (q. v.) A small creek of Little Tennessee
+river above Franklin, in Macon county, N. C., is now known as Coweeta
+creek.
+
+Ani`-Kitu`hwagi--"Kitu`hwa people," from Kitu`hwa (q. v.), an ancient
+Cherokee settlement.
+
+Ani`-Ku`sa or Ani`-Gu`sa--the Creek Indians, particularly the Upper
+Creeks on the waters of Alabama river; singular A`Ku`sa or Coosa
+(Spanish, Coca, Cossa) their principal ancient town.
+
+Ani`-Kuta`ni (also Ani`-Kwata`ni, or incorrectly,
+Nicotani)--traditional Cherokee priestly society or clan exterminated
+in a popular uprising.
+
+anina`hilidahi--"creatures that fly about," from tsinai`li, "I am
+flying," tsina`ilida`hu, "I am flying about." The generic term for
+birds and flying insects.
+
+Ani`-Na'tsi--abbreviated Anintsi, singular A-Na'tsi. The Natchez
+Indians. From coincidence with na`tsi, pine, the name has been
+incorrectly rendered "Pine Indians," whereas it is really a Cherokee
+plural name of the Natchez.
+
+Anin`tsi--see Ani`Na'tsi.
+
+Ani`Nundawe`gi--singular, Nun`dawe`gi; the Iroquois, more particularly
+the Seneca, from Nundawao, the name by which the Seneca call
+themselves. Adair spells it Anantooeah. The tribe was also known
+as Ani`-Se`nika.
+
+Ani`-Saha`ni--one of the seven Cherokee clans; possibly an archaic
+form for "Blue people," from sa'ka`ni, sa`ka`nige`i, blue.
+
+Ani`-Sa`ni, Ani`-Sawaha`ni--see Ani`-Sawanu`gi.
+
+Ani`-Sawanu`gi (singular Sawanu`gi)--the Shawano Indians. Ani`-sa`ni
+and Ani`-Sawaha`ni may be the same.
+
+Ani`-Se`nika--see Ani`Nundawe`gi.
+
+Anisga`ya Tsunsdi` (ga)--"The Little Men"; the Thunder Boys in
+Cherokee mythology.
+
+Ani`-sgayaiyi--"Men town" (?), a traditional Cherokee settlement on
+Valley river, in Cherokee county, North Carolina.
+
+Ani`sgi`na--plural of asgi`na, q. v.
+
+Ani`-Skala`li--the Tuscarora Indian; singular, Skala`li or A-Skala`li.
+
+Ani`skwa`ni--Spaniards; singular, Askwa`ni.
+
+Ani`-Suwa`li--or Ani`-Swqa`la--the Suala, Sara or Cheraw Indians,
+formerly about the headwaters of Broad river, North Carolina, the
+Xuala province of the De Soto chronicle, and Joara or Juada of the
+later Pardo narrative.
+
+Ani`ta`gwa--the Catawba Indians; singular, Ata`gwa or Tagwa.
+
+Ani`-Tsa`guhi--the Cherokee clan, transformed to bears according to
+tradition. Swimmer's daughter bears the name Tsaguhi, which is not
+recognized as distinctively belonging to either sex.
+
+Ani`-Tsa`lagi`--the Cherokee.
+
+Ani`-Tsa'ta--the Choctaw Indians; singular, Tsa'ta.
+
+Ani`-Tsi`ksu--the Chickasaw Indians; singular, Tsi`ksu.
+
+Ani`-Tsi`skwa--"Bird people"; one of the seven Cherokee clans.
+
+Ani`-Tsu`tsa--"The Boys," from atsu`tsa, boy; the Pleiades.
+
+Ani`-Wa`di--"Paint people"; one of the seven Cherokee clans.
+
+Ani`-Wa'dihi`--"Place of the Paint people or clan"; Paint town, a
+Cherokee settlement on lower Soco creek, within the reservation in
+Jackson and Swain counties, North Carolina. It takes its name from
+the Ani`-Wa`di or Paint clan.
+
+ani`wani`ski--the bugle weed, Lycopus virginicus; literally, "the
+talk" or "talkers," from tsiwa`nihu, "I am talking," awaniski,
+"he talks habitually."
+
+Ani`-Wasa`si--the Osage Indians; singular, Wasa`si.
+
+Ani`-Wa`ya--"Wolf people"; the most important of the seven clans of
+the Cherokee.
+
+Ani`-Yun`wiya`--Indians, particularly Cherokee Indians; literally
+"principal or real people," from yunwi, person, ya, a suffix implying
+principal or real, and ani`, the tribal prefix.
+
+Ani`-Yu`tsi--the Yuchi or Uchee Indians; singular, Yu`tsi.
+
+Annie Ax--see Sadayi`.
+
+Aquone--a post-office on Nantahala river, in Mason county, North
+Carolina, site of the former Fort Scott. Probably a corruption of
+egwani, river.
+
+Arch, John--see Atsi.
+
+Asa`gwalihu`--a pack or burden; asa`gwal lu`, or asa`gwi li`, "there
+is a pack on him."
+
+asehi`--surely.
+
+Ase`nika--singular of Ani`-Se`nika.
+
+asga`ya--man.
+
+asga`ya Gi`gagei--the "Red Man"; the Lightning spirit.
+
+asgi`na--a ghost, either human or animal; from the fact that ghosts
+are commonly supposed to be malevolent, the name is frequently rendered
+"devil."
+
+Asheville--see Kasdu`yi and Unta`kiyasti`yi.
+
+asi--the sweat lodge and occasional winter sleeping apartment of the
+Cherokee and other southern tribes. It was a low built structure of
+logs covered with earth and from its closeness and the fire usually
+kept smoldering within was known to the old traders as the "hot house."
+
+asiyu` (abbreviated siyu`)--good; the common Cherokee salute; ga`siyu`,
+"I am good"; hasiyu`, "thou art good"; a`siyu, "he (it) is good"; astu,
+"very good."
+
+Askwa`ni--a Spaniard. See Ani`skwa`ni.
+
+astu`--very good; astu tsiki`, very good, best of all.
+
+Astu`gata`ga--A Cherokee lieutenant in the Confederate service killed
+in 1862. The name may be rendered, "Standing in the doorway," but
+implies that the man himself is the door or shutter; it has no first
+person; gata`ga, "he is standing"; stuti, a door or shutter; stuhu,
+a closed door or passage; stugi`sti, a key, i. e., something with
+which to open the door.
+
+asun`tli, asuntlun`yu--a footlog or bridge; literally, "log lying
+across," from asi`ta, log.
+
+ata`--wood; ata`ya, "principal wood," i. e., oak; cf. Muscogee iti,
+wood.
+
+Ata`-gul kalu`--a noted Cherokee chief, recognized by the British
+government as the head chief or "emperor" of the Nation, about 1760 and
+later, and commonly known to the whites as the Little Carpenter (Little
+Cornplanter, by mistake, in Haywood). The name is frequently spelled
+Atta-kulla-kulla, Ata-kullakulla or Ata-culculla. It may be rendered
+"Leaning wood," from ata`, "Wood" and gul kalu, a verb implying that
+something long is leaning, without sufficient support, against some
+other object; it has no first person form. Bartram describes him as
+"A man of remarkably small stature, slender and of a delicate frame,
+the only instance I saw in the Nation; but he is a man of superior
+abilities."
+
+Ata`gwa--a Catawba Indian.
+
+Atahi`ta--abbreviated from Atahitun`yi, "Place where they shouted,"
+from gata`hiu`, "I shout," and yi, locative. Waya gap, on the ridge
+west of Franklin, Macon county, North Carolina. The map name is
+probably from the Cherokee wa ya, wolf.
+
+Ata-Kullakulla--see Ata`-gul kalu`.
+
+a`tali--mountain; in the Lower dialect a`tari, whence the "Ottare" or
+Upper Cherokee of Adair. The form a`tali is used only in composition;
+and mountain in situ is atalunyi or gatu`si.
+
+a`tali-guli`--"it climbs the mountain," i. e., "mountain-climber"; the
+ginseng plant, Ginseng quinquefolium; from a`tali, mountain, and guli`,
+"it climbs" (habitually); tsilahi` or tsili`, "I am climbing." Also
+called in the sacred formulas, Yun`wi Usdi`, "Little man."
+
+Atala`nuwa`--"Tla`nuwa hole"; the Cherokee name of Chattanooga,
+Tennessee (see tsatanu`gi); originally applied to a bluff on the south
+side of the Tennessee river, at the foot of the present Market street.
+
+a`talulu`--unfinished, premature, unsuccessful; whence utalu`li,
+"it is not yet time."
+
+Ata`lunti`ski--a chief of the Arkansas Cherokee about 1818, who
+had originally emigrated from Tennessee. The name, commonly spelled
+Tollunteeskee, Taluntiski, Tallotiskee, Tallotuskee, etc., denotes
+one who throws some living object from a place, as an enemy from
+a precipice.
+
+A`tari--see a`tali.
+
+atasi` (or atasa`, in a dialectic form)--a war-club.
+
+atatsun`ski--stinging; literally, "he stings" (habitually).
+
+A`tsi--the Cherokee name of John Arch, one of the earliest native
+writers in the Sequoya characters. The word is simply an attempt at
+the English name Arch.
+
+atsi`la--fire; in the Lower dialect, atsi`ra.
+
+Atsi`la-wa`i--"Fire--"; a mountain sometimes known as Rattlesnake knob,
+about two miles northeast of Cherokee, Swain county, N. C.
+
+Atsil`-dihye`gi--"Fire-Carrier"; apparently the Cherokee name for the
+will-of-the-wisp. As is usually the case in the Cherokee compounds,
+the verbal form is plural ("it carries fire"); the singular form
+is ahye`gi.
+
+Atsil`-sunti (abbreviated tsil`-sunti)--fleabane (Erigeron canadense);
+the name signifies "material with which to make fire," from atsi`la,
+fire, and gasunti, gatsunti or gatlunti, material with which to make
+something, from fasun`sku (or gatlun`sku), "I make it." The plant is
+also called ihya`ga.
+
+atsil`-tluntu`tsi--"fire-panther." A meteor or comet.
+
+A`tsina`--cedar.
+
+A`tsina`-k ta`um--"Hanging cedar place"; from a`tsina`, cedar, and
+k ta`un, "where it (long) hangs down"; a Cherokee name for the old
+Taskigi town on the Little Tennessee river in Monroe county, Tenn.
+
+Atsi`ra--see atsi`la.
+
+Atsun`sta ti`yi (abbreviated Atsun`sta ti)--"Fire-light place,"
+referring to the "fire-hunting" method of killing deer in the river
+at night. The proper form for Chestatee river, near Dahlonega, in
+Lumpkin county, Ga.
+
+Attakullakulla--see Ata-gul kalu`.
+
+awa`--see ama`.
+
+awa`hili--eagle; particularly Aquila Chrysaetus, distinguished as the
+"pretty-feathered eagle."
+
+awi`--deer; also sometimes written and pronounced ahawi`; the name
+is sometimes applied to the large horned beetle, the flying stag of
+early writers.
+
+awi`-ahanu`lahi--goat; literally "bearded deer."
+
+awi`-ahyeli`ski--"deer mocker"; the deer bleat, a sort of whistle
+used by hunters to call the doe by imitating the cry of the fawn.
+
+awi`-akta`--"deer eye"; the Rudbeckia or black-eyed Susan.
+
+awi`-e`gwa (abbreviated aw-e`gwa)--the elk, literally "great deer."
+
+awi`-unade`na--sheep; literally "woolly deer."
+
+Awi`Usdi`--"Little Deer," the mythic chief of the Deer tribe.
+
+Ax, Annie--see Sadayi`.
+
+Ax, John--see Itagu`nahi.
+
+awe li--half, middle, in the middle.
+
+Ayphwa`si--the proper form of the name commonly written Hiwassee. It
+signifies a savanna or meadow and was applied to two (or more) former
+Cherokee settlements. The more important, commonly distinguished as
+Ayuhwa`si Egwa`hi or Great Hiwassee, was on the north bank of Hiwassee
+river at the present Savannah ford above Columbus, in Polk county,
+Tenn. The other was farther up the same river, at the junction of
+Peachtree creek, above Murphy, in Cherokee county, N. C. Lanman writes
+it Owassa.
+
+Ayrate--see e`ladi`.
+
+Ays`sta--"The Spoiler," from tsiya`stihu, "I spoil it"; cf. uya`i,
+bad. A prominent woman and informant on the East Cherokee reservation.
+
+Ayun`ini--"Swimmer"; literally, "he is swimming," from gayunini`, "I
+am swimming." A principal priest and informant of the East Cherokee,
+died in 1899.
+
+Ayulsu`--see Dayulsun`yi.
+
+
+
+Beaverdam--see Uy'gila`gi.
+
+Big-Cove--see Ka`lanun`yi.
+
+Big-Island--see Amaye'l-e`gwa.
+
+Big-Witch--see Tskil-e`gwa.
+
+Bird-Town--see Tsiskwa`hi.
+
+Bloody-Fellow--see Iskagua.
+
+Blythe--see Diskwani.
+
+Black-fox--see Ina`li.
+
+Boudinot, Elias--see Galagi`na.
+
+Bowl, The; Bowles, Colonel--see Diwali.
+
+Brass--see Untsaiyi`.
+
+Brasstown--see Itse`yi.
+
+Breadth, The--see Unli`ta.
+
+Briertown--see Kanu`gula`yi.
+
+Buffalo (creek)--see Yunsa`i.
+
+Bull-Head--see Sukwale`na.
+
+Butler, John--see Tsan`-uga`sita.
+
+
+
+Cade's Cove--see Tsiya`hi.
+
+Canacaught--"Canacaught, the great Conjurer," mentioned as a Lower
+Cherokee chief in 1684; possibly kanegwa`ti, the water-moccasin snake.
+
+Canaly--see hi`gina`lii.
+
+Canasagua--see Gansa`gi.
+
+Cannastion, Cannostee--see Kana`sta.
+
+Canuga--see Kanu`ga.
+
+Cartoogaja--see Gatu`gitse`yi.
+
+Cataluchee--see Gadalu`tsi.
+
+Cauchi--a place, apparently in the Cherokee county, visited by Pardo
+in 1567.
+
+Caunasaita--given as the name of a Lower Chief in 1684; possibly for
+Kanunsi`ta, "dogwood."
+
+Chalaque--see Tsa`lagi.
+
+Chattanooga--see Tsatanu`gi.
+
+Chattooga, Chatuga--see Tsatu`gi.
+
+Cheeowhee--see Tsiya`hi.
+
+Cheerake--see Tsa`lagi.
+
+Cheraw--see Ani`-Suwa`li.
+
+Cheowa--see Tsiya`hi.
+
+Cheowa Maximum--see Schwate`yi.
+
+Cheraqui--see Tsa`lagi.
+
+Cherokee--see Tsa`lagi.
+
+Chestatee--see Atsun`sta ti`yi.
+
+Chestua--see Tsistu`yi.
+
+Cheucunsene--see Tsi`kama`gi.
+
+Chilhowee--see Tsu lun`we.
+
+Chimney Tops--see Duni`skwa lgun`i.
+
+Chisca--mentioned in the De Soto narratives as a mining region in
+the Cherokee country. The name may have a connection with Tsi`skwa,
+"bird," possibly Tsiskwa`hi, "Bird place."
+
+Choastea--see Tsistu`yi.
+
+Chopped Oak--see Digalu`yatun`yi.
+
+Choquata--see Itsa`ti.
+
+Citico--see Si`tiku`.
+
+Clear-sky--see Iskagua.
+
+Clennuse--see Tlanusi`yi.
+
+Cleveland--see Tsistetsi`yi.
+
+Coca--see Ani`-Ku`sa.
+
+Coco--see Kuku`.
+
+Cohutta--see Gahu`ti.
+
+Colanneh, Colona--see Ka`lanu.
+
+Conasauga--see Gansa`gi.
+
+Conneross--see Kawan`-ura`sunyi.
+
+Coosawatee--see Ku`saweti`yi.
+
+Cooweescoowee--see Gu`wisguwi`.
+
+Coosa--see Ani`-Ku`sa, Kusa.
+
+Corani--see Ka`lanu.
+
+Cowee`--see Kawi`yi.
+
+Coweeta, Coweta--see Ani`-Kawi`ta.
+
+Coyatee (variously spelled Cawatie, Coiatee, Coytee, Coytoy,
+Kai-a-tee)--a former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river,
+some ten miles below the junction of Tellico, about the present Coytee
+post-office in Loudon county, Tennessee.
+
+Creek-path--see Ku`sa-nunna`hi.
+
+Crow-town--see Kagun`yi.
+
+Cuhtahlatah--a Cherokee woman noted in the Wahnenauhi manuscript as
+having distinguished herself by bravery in battle. The proper form
+may have some connection with gatun`lati, "wild hemp."
+
+Cullasagee--see Kulse`tsi`yi.
+
+Cullowhee, Currahee--see Gulahi`yi.
+
+Cuttawa--see Kitu`hwa.
+
+
+
+Dagan tu--"he makes it rain"; from aga`ska, "it is raining," aga`na,
+"it has begun to rain"; a small variety of lizard whose cry is said
+to presage rain. It is also called a`niganti`ski, "they make it rain"
+(plural form), or rain-maker.
+
+dagul ku--the American white-fronted goose. The name may be an
+onomatope.
+
+dagu`na--the fresh-water mussel; also a variety of face pimples.
+
+Dagun`hi--"Mussel place," from dagu`na, mussel, and hi, locative. The
+Mussel shoals on Tennessee river, in northwestern Alabama. It was
+sometimes called also simply Tsu stanalun`yi, "Shoal's place."
+
+Dagu`nawa`lahi--"Mussel-liver place," from dagu`na, mussel, uwe`la,
+liver, and hi, locative; the Cherokee name for the site of Nashville,
+Tenn. No reason can now be given for the name.
+
+Dahlonega--A town in Lumpkin county, Ga., near which the first
+gold was mined. A mint was established there in 1838. The name is
+from the Cherokee dala`nige`i, yellow, whence ate`la-dala`-nige`i,
+"yellow money," i. e., gold.
+
+daksawa`ihu--"he is shedding tears."
+
+dakwa`--a mythic great fish; also the whale.
+
+Dakwa`i--"dakwa place," from a tradition of a dakwa` in the river
+at that point. A former Cherokee settlement, known to the traders
+as Toqua or Toco, on Little Tennessee river, about the mouth of Toco
+creek in Monroe county, Tenn. A similar name and tradition attaches
+to a spot on the French Broad river, about six miles above the Warm
+springs, in Buncombe county, N. C.
+
+dakwa`nitlastesti--"I shall have them on my legs for garters"; from
+anitla`sti (plural dinitla`sti), garter; d-, initial plural; akwa,
+first person particle; and esti, future suffix.
+
+da`liksta`--"vomiter," from dagik`stihu`, "I am vomiting," daliksta`,
+"he vomits" (habitually); the form is plural. The spreading adder
+(Heterodon), also sometimes called kwandaya`hu, a word of uncertain
+etymology.
+
+Da` nagasta--for Da` nawa-gasta`ya, "Sharp-war," i. e.,
+"Eager-warrior;" a Cherokee woman's name.
+
+Da` nawa-(a)sa tsun`yi, "War-ford," from da` nawa, war, and asa
+tsun`yi, "a crossing-place or ford." A ford on Cheowa river about
+three miles below Robbinsville, in Graham county, N. C.
+
+Danda`ganu`--"Two looking at each other," from detsi`ganu`,
+"I am looking at him." A former Cherokee settlement, commonly
+known as Lookout Mountain town, on Lookout Mountain creek, near the
+present Trenton, Dade county, Ga. One of the Chickamauga towns (see
+Tsi`kama`gi), so-called on account of the appearance of the mountains
+facing each other across the Tennessee river at Chattanooga.
+
+Da`si giya`gi--an old masculine personal name, of doubtful etymology,
+but commonly rendered by the traders "Shoe-boots," possibly referring
+to some peculiar style of moccasin or leggin. A chief known to the
+whites as Shoe-boots is mentioned in the Revolutionary records. Chief
+Lloyd Welch, of the eastern band, was known in the tribe as Da`si
+giya`gi, and the same name is now used by the East Cherokee as the
+equivalent of the name Lloyd.
+
+Da`skwitun`yi--"Rafter's Place," from daskwitun`i, rafters, and yi,
+locative. A former settlement on Tusquittee creek, near Hayesville,
+in Clay county, North Carolina.
+
+dasun`tali--ant; dasun`tali, "stinging ant," the large red cowant
+(Myrmica?), also called sometimes, on account of its hard body-case,
+nun`yunu`wi, "stone-clad," after the fabulous monster.
+
+Datle`yasta`i--"where they fell down," a point on Tuckasegee river,
+a short distance above Webster, in Jackson county, North Carolina.
+
+datsi--a traditional water-monster.
+
+Datsi`yi--"Datsi place"; a place on Little Tennessee river, near
+junction of Eagle creek, in Swain county, North Carolina.
+
+Datsu`nalagun`yi--"where there are tracks or footprints,"
+from uta`sinun`yi or ulasgun`yi, footprint. Track Rock gap, near
+Blairsville, Georgia. Also sometimes called De`gayelun`ha, "place of
+branded marks."
+
+da`yi--beaver.
+
+Dayulsun`yi--"place where they cried," a spot on the ridge at the
+head of Tuckasegee river, in Jackson county, North Carolina; so-called
+from an old tradition.
+
+da`yuni`si--"beaver's grandchild," from dayi, beaver, and uni`si,
+son's child of either sex. The water beetle or mellow bug.
+
+Degal gun`yi--a cairn, literally "where they are piled up"; a series
+of cairns on the south side of Cheowa river, in Graham county, N. C.
+
+De`gata`ga--The Cherokee name of General Stamd Watie and of a
+prominent early western chief known to the whites as Takatoka. The
+word is derived from tsita`ga, "I am standing," da nita`ga "they are
+standing together," and conveys the subtle meaning of two persons
+standing together and so closely united in sympathy as to form but
+one human body.
+
+De`gayelun`ha--see Datsu`nalagun`yi.
+
+detsanun`li--an enclosure or piece of level ground cleared for
+ceremonial purposes; applied more particularly to the green-corn dance
+ground. The word has a plural form, but cannot be certainly analyzed.
+
+De`tsata--a Cherokee sprite.
+
+detsinu`lahungu`--"I tried, but failed."
+
+Didalaski`yi--"Showering place." In the story (number 17) the name
+is understood to mean "the place where it rains fire." It signifies
+literally, however, the place where it showers, or comes down, and
+lodges upon something animate and has no definite reference to fire
+(atsi`la) or rain (afaska, "it is raining"); degalasku`, "they are
+showering down and lodging upon him."
+
+Dida`skasti`yi--"where they were afraid of each other," a spot on
+Little Tennessee river, near the mouth of Alarka creek, in Swain
+county, N. C.
+
+diga`gwani`--the mud-hen or didapper. The name is plural form and
+implies "lame," or "crippled in the legs" (cf. detsi`nigwa`na, "I
+am kneeling"), probably from the bouncing motion of the bird when in
+the water. It is also the name of a dance.
+
+Diga`kati`yi--see Gakati`yi.
+
+di`galungun`yi--"where it rises, or comes up"; the east. The sacred
+term is Nunda`yi, q. v.
+
+digalun`latiyun--a height, one of a series, from galun`lati, "above."
+
+Digalu`yatun`yi--"where it is gashed (with hatchets)"; from tsilu`yu,
+"I am cutting (with a chopping stroke)," di, plural prefix, and yi,
+locative. The Chopped Oak, formerly east of Clarkesville, Ga.
+
+Digane`ski--"he picks them up" (habitually), from tsine`u, "I am
+picking it up." A Cherokee Union soldier in the Civil War.
+
+digi`gage`i--the plural of gi`gage`i, red.
+
+digu`lanahi`ta--for digu`li-anahi`ta, "having long ears," "long-eared";
+from gule, "ear" and gunahi`ta, "long."
+
+Dihyun`dula`--"sheaths," or "scabbards"; singular ahyun`dula`,
+"a gun-sheath," or other scabbard. The probable correct form of a
+name which appears in Revolutionary documents as "Untoola, or Gum Rod."
+
+Dikta`--plural of Akta`, eye.
+
+dila`--skunk.
+
+dilsta`yati--"scissors"; the water-spider (Dolomedes).
+
+dinda`skwate`ski--the violet; the name signifies, "they pull each
+others' heads off."
+
+dine`tlana--the creation.
+
+di nuski--"the breeder"; a variety of smilax brier.
+
+Disga`gisti`yi--"where they gnaw"; a place on Cheowa river, in Graham
+county, N. C.
+
+diskwa ni--"chestnut bread," i. e., a variety of bread having chestnuts
+mixed with it. The Cherokee name of James Blythe, interpreter and
+agency clerk.
+
+Distai`yi--"they are strong," plural of astai`yi, "strong or
+tough." The Tephrosia or devil's shoestring.
+
+dista`sti--a mill (generic).
+
+dita`stayeski--"a barber," literally "one who cuts things (as with
+scissors), from tsista`yu, "I cut." The cricket (tala`tu) is sometimes
+so-called.
+
+Diwa`li--"Bowl," a prominent chief of the western Cherokee, known to
+the whites as The Bowl, or Colonel Bowles, killed by the Texans in
+1839. The chief mentioned may have been another of the same name.
+
+diya`hali (or duya`hali)--the alligator lizard (Sceloporue undulatus).
+
+Diya`hali`yi--"Lizard's place," from diya`hali, lizard, and yi,
+locative. Joanna Bald, a mountain at the head of Valley river on the
+line between Cherokee and Graham counties, North Carolina.
+
+Double-Head--see Tal-tsu`ska`.
+
+Dragging-Canoe--see Tsi`yu-gunsi`ni.
+
+Dudun`leksun`yi--"where its legs were broken off"; a place on
+Tuckasegee river, a few miles above Webster, in Jackson county, N. C.
+
+Dugilu`yi (abbreviated Dugilu`, and commonly written Tugaloo, or
+sometimes Toogelah or Toogoola)--a name occurring in several places
+in the old Cherokee country, the best known being Tugaloo river,
+so-called from a former Cherokee settlement of that name situated
+at the junction of Toccoa creek with the main stream, in Habersham
+county, Ga. The word is of uncertain etymology; but seems to refer
+to a place at the forks of a stream.
+
+Dukas`i, Dukwas`i--The correct form of the name commonly written
+Toxaway, applied to a former Cherokee settlement in S. C., and the
+creek upon which it stood, and extreme headstream of Keowee river
+having its source in Jackson county, N. C. The meaning of the name
+is lost, although it has been wrongly interpreted to mean "place of
+shedding tears."
+
+Dulastun`yi--"Potsherd place." A former Cherokee settlement on Nottely
+river in Cherokee county, North Carolina.
+
+dule`tsi--"kernels," a goitrous swelling upon the throat.
+
+dulu`si--a variety of frog found upon the headwaters of Savannah river.
+
+Duniya ta lun`yi--"where there are shelves, or flat places," from aya
+te`ni, flat, whence da`ya tana lun`i, a shelf, and yi, locative. A
+gap on the Great Smoky range, near Clingman's dome, Swain county, N. C.
+
+Dunidu`lalun`yi--"where they made arrows"; a place on Straight creek,
+a headstream of Oconaluftee river, in Swain county, N. C.
+
+Duni`skwa lgun`i--the double peak known as the Chimney Tops, in Great
+Smoky Mountains about the head of Deep creek, in Swain county, N. C. On
+the north side is the pass known as Indian gap. The name signifies a
+"forked antler," from uskwa lgu, antler, but indicates that the antler
+is attached in place, as though the deer itself were concealed below.
+
+Du`stayalun`yi--"where it made a noise as of thunder or shooting,"
+apparently referring to a lightning strike (detsistaya`hihu, "I make
+a shooting or thundering noise," might be a first person form used
+by the personified Thundergod); a spot on Hiwassee river, about the
+junction of Shooting creek, near Hayesville, in Clay county, N. C. A
+former settlement along the creek bore the same name.
+
+du`stu`--a species of frog, appearing very early in spring; the name
+is intended for an onomatope. It is the correct form of the name of
+the chief noted by McKenney and Hall as "Tooantuh or Spring Frog."
+
+Dutch--see Tatsi`.
+
+duwe ga--a spring lizard.
+
+
+
+Eagle Dance--see Tsugidu`li ulsgi`sti.
+
+Eastinaulee--see U`stana`li.
+
+Echota, New--see Gansa`gi.
+
+edata--my father (Upper dialect); the Middle and Lower dialect form
+is agida`ta.
+
+Edi`hi--"He goes about" (habitually); a masculine name.
+
+edutu--my maternal grandfather (Upper dialect); the Middle and Lower
+dialect form is agidu tu; cf. enisi.
+
+egwa--great; cf. utanu.
+
+egwani--river.
+
+Egwanulti--"By the river," from egwa ni, river, and nulati or nulti,
+near, beside. The proper form of Oconaluftee, the name of the river
+flowing thru the East Cherokee reservation in Swain and Jackson
+Counties, N. C. The town, Oconaluftee, mentioned by Bartram as
+existing about 1775, was probably on the lower course of the river
+at the present Birdtown, on the reservation, where was formerly a
+considerable mound.
+
+ela--earth, ground.
+
+eladi--low, below; in the Lower dialect eradi, whence the Ayrata or
+Lower Cherokee of Adair, as distinguished from the Ottara (atari,
+atali) or Upper Cherokee.
+
+elanti--a song form for eladi, q. v.
+
+Elatse`yi, (abbreviated Elatse)--"Green (verdant) earth," from ela,
+earth, and itse yi, green, from fresh-springing vegetation. The
+name of several former Cherokee settlements, commonly known to the
+whites as Ellijay, Elejoy or Allagae. One of these was upon the
+headwaters of Keowee river in S. C.; another was on Ellijay creek
+of Little Tennessee river, near the present Franklin, in Macon Co.,
+N. C.; another was about the present Ellijay in Gilmer Co., Ga.;
+and still another was on Ellijay creek of Little river, near the
+present Maryville, in Blount Co., Tenn.
+
+Elawa diyi (abbreviated Elawa di)--"Red-earth place," from ela, earth,
+wadi, brown-red or red paint, and yi, the locative. 1. The Cherokee
+name of Yellow-Hill settlement, now officially known as Cherokee,
+the post office and agency headquarters for the East Cherokee, on
+Oconaluftee river, in Swain Co., N. C. 2. A former council ground
+known in history as Red Clay; at the site of the present village of
+that name in Whitfield Co., Ga., adjoining the Tennessee line.
+
+Ellijay--see Elatse`yi.
+
+eni si--my paternal grandfather (Upper dialect); the Middle and Lower
+dialect form is agani si, cf. edutu.
+
+Eskaqua--see Iskagua.
+
+Estanaula, Estinaula--see U`stana`li.
+
+Etawa ha tsistatla`ski--"Deadwood-lighter," a traditional Cherokee
+conjurer.
+
+eti--old, long ago.
+
+Etowah--see I`tawa`.
+
+Etsaiyi--see Untsaiyi.
+
+etsi--my mother (Upper dialect); the Middle and Lower dialect form
+is agitsi.
+
+Euharlee--see Yuha`li.
+
+
+
+Feather dance--see Tsugidu`li ulsgi`sti.
+
+Fightingtown--see Walas`-unulsti yi.
+
+Flax-toter--see Tale`danigi`ski.
+
+Flying-squirrel--see Ka`lahu`.
+
+Frogtown--see Walasi`yi.
+
+
+
+Gadalu`la--the proper name of the mountain known to the whites as
+Yonah (from yanu, bear); or upper Chattahoochee river, in White Co.,
+Ga. The name has no connection with Tallulah (see Talulu) and cannot
+be translated.
+
+Gadalu`tsi--in the corrupted form of Cataluchee this appears on the
+map as the name of a peak, or rather a ridge, on the line between
+Swain and Haywood counties, N. C., and of a creek running down on
+the Haywood side into Big Pigeon river. It is properly the name of
+the ridge only, and seems to refer to a "fringe standing erect,"
+apparently from the appearance of the timber growing in streaks
+along the side of the mountain; from wadalu`yata, fringe, gadu`ta,
+"standing up in a row or series."
+
+gahawi`siti--parched corn.
+
+Gahuti (Gahu`ta and Gwahu`ti in dialect forms)--Cohutta mountains in
+Murray Co., Ga. The name comes from gahuta`yi, "ashed roof supported
+on poles", and refers to a fancied resemblance in the summit.
+
+Gakati`yi--"place of setting fire"; something spoken in the plural
+form, Diga`kati`yi, "place of the setting free." A point on Tuckasegee
+river, about three miles above Bryson City, in Swain Co., N. C.
+
+gaktun`ta--an injunction, command or rule, more particularly a
+prohibition or ceremonial tabu. Tsiga`te`gu. "I am observing an
+injunction or tabu"; adakte`gi, "he is under tabu regulations."
+
+Galagi`na--a male deer (buck) or turkey (gobbler); in the first sense
+the name is sometimes used also for the large horned beetle (Dynastes
+tityus). The Indian name of Elias Boudinot, first Cherokee editor.
+
+gali`sgisida`hu--"I am dancing about"; from gali`sgia, "I am dancing,"
+and edahu, "I am going about."
+
+galunkw`ti`yo--honored; sacred; used in the bible to mean holy,
+hallowed.
+
+galun`lati--above, on high.
+
+gane`ga--skin.
+
+ganidawa`ski--"the champion catchfly" or "rattlesnake's master"
+(Silene stellata); the name signifies "it disjoints itself," from
+ganidawsku`, "it is unjointing itself," on account of the peculiar
+manner in which the dried stalk breaks off at the joints.
+
+Gansagi (or Gansagiyi)--the name of several former settlements in
+the old Cherokee country; it cannot be analyzed. One of this name was
+upon Tuckasegee river, a short distance above the present Webster, in
+Jackson Co., N. C.; another was on the lower part of Canasauga creek,
+in McMinn Co., Tenn.; a third was at the junction of Conasauga and
+Coosawatee rivers, where afterwards was located the Cherokee capital,
+New Echota, in Gordon Co., Ga.; a fourth, mentioned in the De Soto
+narratives as Canasoga or Canasagua, was located in 1540 on the
+upper Chattahoochee river, possibly in the neighborhood of Kennesaw
+mountain, Ga.
+
+Gansa`ti`yi--"robbing place," from tsina`sahunsku, "I am robbing
+him." Vengeance creek of Valley river in Cherokee Co., N. C. The name
+vengeance was originally a white man's nickname for an old Cherokee
+woman, of forbidding aspect, who lived there before the Removal.
+
+Ganse`ti--a rattle; as the Cherokee dance rattle is made from the
+gourd, the masculine name, Ganse`ti, is usually rendered by the whites,
+"rattling-gourd."
+
+gatausti--the wheel and stick of the Southern tribes, incorrectly
+called nettecwaw by Timberlake.
+
+Gategwa`--for Gategwa`hi, possibly a contraction of Igat(I)-egwa`hi,
+"Great-swamp, "thicket place." A high peak southeast from Franklin,
+Macon Co., N. C., and perhaps identical with Fodderstack mountain.
+
+ga`tsu--see hatlu`.
+
+Gatu`gitse`yi (abbreviated Gatu`gitse`)--"New-settlement place,"
+from gatu`gi or agatu`gi, town, settlement, itsehi, new, especially
+applied to new vegetation, and yi, the locative. A former settlement
+on Cartoogaja creek near the present Franklin, in Macon Co., N. C.
+
+Gatugi`yi--"Town building place," or "Settlement place," from gatu`gi,
+a settlement, and yi, locative. A place on Santeetla creek, near
+Robbinsville, in Graham Co., N. C.
+
+Gatun`iti`yi--"Hemp place," from Gatun`lati, "wild hemp" (Apocynum
+cannabinum), and yi, locative. A former Cherokee settlement, commonly
+known as Hemptown, on the creek of the same name, near Morgantown,
+in Fannin Co., Ga.
+
+Gatun`wa`li--a noted western Cherokee, about 1842, known to the whites
+as Hardmush or Big-Mush.
+
+Gatun`wa`li, from ga`tu`, "bread," and unwa`li, "made into balls or
+lumps," is a sort of mush or parched corn meal, made very thick, so
+that it can be dipped out in lumps almost of the consistency of bread.
+
+ge`i--down stream, down the road, with the current; tsa`gi, up stream.
+
+gese`i--was; a separate word which, when used after the verb in the
+present tense, makes it past tense without change of form; in the
+form hi`gese`i it usually accompanies an emphatic repetition.
+
+Ge`yagu`ga (for Age`hya`-guga?)--a formulistic name for the moon
+(nun`da`); it cannot be analyzed, but seems to contain the word
+age`hya, "woman." See also nun`da`.
+
+gi`ga--blood; cf. gi`gage`i, red.
+
+gi`ga-danegi`ski--"blood taker," from gi`ga, blood, and ada`negi`ski,
+"one who takes liquids," from tsi`negia` (liquid). Another name for
+the tsane`ni or scorpion lizard.
+
+gi`gage`i--red, bright red, scarlet; the brown-red of certain animals
+and clays is distinguished as wa`dige`i.
+
+gi`ga-tsuha`li--"bloody-mouth," literally "having blood on the corners
+of his mouth"; from gi`ga, blood, and tsuhanunsi`yi, the corners of
+the mouth (aha`li, his mouth). A large lizard, probably the pleistodon.
+
+gili--dog; the Lower dialect, gi`ri.
+
+Gili-dinehun`yi--"where the dogs live," from gili, dog, dinehu`,
+"they dwell" (ehu, "I dwell"), and yi, locative. A place on Oconaluftee
+river, a short distance above the present Cherokee in Swain Co., N. C.
+
+Gi`li`-utsun`stanun`yi--"where the dog ran," from gili`, dog, and
+Utsun`stanun`yi, "footprints made by an animal running"; the Milky way.
+
+ginunti--a song form for gunu`tii`, "to lay him (animate object)
+upon the ground."
+
+giri--see gi`li`.
+
+Gisehun`yi--"where the female lives," from agi`si, female, and yi,
+locative. A place on Tuckasegee river a short distance above Bryson
+City, in Swain Co., N. C.
+
+git`lu--hair. (Upper dialect); in Lower and Middle dialects gitsu.
+
+Glass, The--see Ta`gwadihi`.
+
+Gohoma--A Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; the form cannot be identified.
+
+Going-snake--see I`naduna`i.
+
+Gorhaleka--a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; the form cannot be
+identified.
+
+Great Island--see Amayel-e`gwa.
+
+Gregory Bald--see Tsistu`yi.
+
+Guachoula--see Guaxule.
+
+Guaquila (Waki la)--a town in the Cherokee country, visited by De
+Soto in 1540, and again in 1567 by Pardo, who calls it Aguaquiri,
+and the name may have a connection with waguli, "Whippoorwill,"
+or with u`wa`gi`li, "foam."
+
+Guasula--see Guaxule.
+
+Gusila--see Guaxule.
+
+Guaxule--a town in Cherokee county, visited in 1540 by De Soto. It
+was probably about at Nacoochee mound in White Co., Ga.
+
+gu`day`wu--"I have sewed myself together"; "I am sewing," tsiye`wia`;
+"I am sewing myself together."
+
+gugwe`--the quail or partridge.
+
+gugwe`ulasu`la--"partridge moccasin," from guewe, partridge, and
+ulasula, moccasin or shoe; the lady slipper.
+
+Gulahi`yi (abbreviated Gulahi`, or Gurahi`, in the Lower
+dialect)--"Gula`hi place," so-called from the unidentified spring plant
+eaten as a salad by the Cherokee. The name of two or more places in the
+old Cherokee country; one about Currahee mountain, in Habersham Co.,
+Ga., the other on Cullowhee river, an upper branch of Tuckasegee, in
+Jackson Co., N. C. Currahee Dick was a noted chief about the year 1820.
+
+Gu`lani`yi--a Cherokee and Natchez settlement, formerly about the
+junction of Brasstown creek with Hiwassee river, a short distance above
+Murphy, in Cherokee Co., N. C. The etymology of the word is doubtful.
+
+gule`--acorn.
+
+gule`diska`nihi--the turtle-dove; literally "it cries, or mourns,
+for acorns," from gule, acorn, and diska`nihi`, "it cries for them,"
+(di-. plural prefix, hi, habitual suffix). The turtle-dove feeds upon
+acorns and its cry somewhat resembles the name, gule.
+
+gule`gi--"climber," from tsilahi, "I climb" (second person, hi`lahi;
+third person, gulahi); the blacksnake.
+
+Gul`kala`ski--an earlier name for Tsunu`lahun`ski, q. v.
+
+gul`kwa`gi--seven; also the mole-cricket.
+
+gul`kwa`gine(-i)--seventh; from gul`kwagi, seven.
+
+Gulsadihi (or Gultsadihi`?) a masculine name of uncertain etymology.
+
+gunahi`ti--long.
+
+Gu`nahitun`yi--Long place (i. e., Long valley), from gunahi`ti,
+long, and yi, locative. A former settlement known to the whites as
+Valleytown, where now is the town of the same name on Valley river in
+Cherokee Co., N. C. The various settlements on Valley river and the
+adjacent part of Hiwassee were known collectively as "Valley towns."
+
+Gun`di`gaduhun`yi (abbreviated Gun`-digadu`hun)--"Turkey settlement"
+(gu`na, turkey), so-called from the chief, Turkey or Little Turkey. A
+former settlement, known to the whites as Turkeytown, upon the
+west bank of Coosa river, opposite the present Center, in Cherokee,
+Co., Ala.
+
+gu`ni--arrow. Cf. Senica, ga`na.
+
+gun`nage`i (or gun`nage) black.
+
+Gunne`hi--see Nunne`hi.
+
+Gunskali`ski--a masculine personal name of uncertain etymology.
+
+Gunters Landing, Guntersville--see Ku`sa-Nunna`hi.
+
+Gun-tuskwa`li--"short arrows," from guni, arrow, and tsuskwa`li,
+plural of uska`li, short; a traditional western tribe.
+
+Gunun`da`le`gi--see Nunna-hi`dihi.
+
+Gusti`--a traditional Cherokee settlement on Tennessee river, near
+Kingston, Roane Co., Tenn. The name cannot be analyzed.
+
+Gu`wisguwi`--The Cherokee name of the chief John Ross, and for the
+district named in his honor, commonly spelled Cooweescoowee. Properly
+an onomatope for a large bird said to have been seen formerly at
+infrequent intervals in the old Cherokee country, accompanying the
+migratory wild geese, and described as resembling a large snipe,
+with yellow legs and unwebbed feet. In boyhood John Ross was known
+as Tsan`usdi, "Little John."
+
+Gwal`ga`hi--"Frog-place," from gwal`gu, a variety of frog, and hi,
+locative. A place on Hiwassee river, just above the junction of
+Peachtree creek, near Murphy, in Cherokee Co., N. C.; about 1755 the
+site of a village of refugee Natchez, and later of a Baptist mission.
+
+gwehe`--a cricket's cry.
+
+
+
+Ha!--an introductory exclamation intended to attract attention or
+add emphasis; about equivalent to Here! Now!
+
+Ha`-ma`ma`--a song term compounded of ha! an introductory exclamation,
+and mama`, a word which has no analysis, but is used in speaking to
+young children to mean "let me carry you on my back."
+
+Hanging-maw--see Uskwa`li-gu`ta.
+
+ha`nia-lil`-lil`--an unmeaning dance refrain.
+
+Hard-mush--see Gatun`wali.
+
+ha`tlu--dialectic form, ga`tsu, "where?" (interrogative).
+
+ha`wiye`ehi`, ha`wiye`hyuwe`--unmeaning dance refrains.
+
+hayu`--an emphatic affirmative, about equivalent to "Yes, sir."
+
+hayuya`haniwa`--an unmeaning refrain in one of the bear songs.
+
+he-e!--an unmeaning song introduction.
+
+Hemp-carrier--see Tale`danigi`ski.
+
+Hemptown--see Gatunlti`yi.
+
+hi!--unmeaning dance exclamation.
+
+Hickory-log--see Wane`-asun`tlunyi.
+
+hi`gina`lii--"(you are) my friend"; afina`lii, "(he is) my friend." In
+white man's jargon, canaly.
+
+Hightower--see I`tawa`.
+
+hila`gu?--how many? how much? (Upper dialect); the Middle dialect
+form is hungu`.
+
+hilahi`yu--long ago; the final yu makes it more emphatic.
+
+hi`lunnu--"(thou) go to sleep"; from tsi`lihu`, "I am asleep."
+
+hi`ski--five; cf. Mohawk wisk. The Cherokee numerals including 10 are
+as follows: sa`gwu, ta`li, tsa`i, nun`gi, hi`ski, su`tali, gul kwa`gi,
+tsune`la, aska`hi
+
+Hiwassee--Ayuhwa`si.
+
+hi`yagu`we--an unmeaning dance refrain.
+
+Houston, Samuel--see Ka`lanu.
+
+huhu--the yellow-breasted chat, or yellow mocking bird (Icteria
+virens); the name is an onomatope.
+
+hunyahu`ska--"he will die."
+
+hwi`lahi`--"thou (must) go."
+
+
+
+Iau`nigu--an important Cherokee settlement, commonly known to the
+whites as Seneca, formerly on Keowee river, about the mouth of
+Conneross creek, in Oconee county, S. C. Hopewell, the country seat
+of General Pickens, where the famous treaty was made, was near it on
+the east side of the river. The word cannot be translated, but has
+no connection with the tribal name, Seneca.
+
+igagu`ti--daylight. The name is sometimes applied to the ulunsu`ti
+(q. v.) and also to the clematis vine.
+
+i`hya--the cane reed (Arundinaria) of the Gulf states, used by the
+Indians for blow-guns, fishing rods and basketry.
+
+ihya`ga--see atsil`sunti.
+
+inadu`--snake.
+
+I`nadu-na`i--"Going snake," a Cherokee chief prominent about eighty
+years ago. The name properly signifies that the person is "going along
+in company with a snake," the verbal part being from the irregular
+verb asta`i, "I am going along with him." The name has been given to
+a district of the present Cherokee Nation.
+
+i`nage`hi--dwelling in the wilderness, an inhabitant of the wilderness;
+from i`nage`i "wilderness," and ehi, habitual present form of ehu,
+"he is dwelling"; ge`u, "I am dwelling."
+
+I`nage-utasun`hi--"he who grew up in the wilderness," i. e., "He who
+grew up wild"; from i`nage`i, "wilderness, unoccupied timber land," and
+utasun`hi, the third person perfect of the irregular verb ga`tunsku`,
+"I am growing up."
+
+Ina`li--Black-fox; the common red fox in tsu`la (in Muscogee,
+chula). Black-fox was principal chief of the Cherokee Nation in 1810.
+
+Iskagua--Name for "Clear Sky," formerly "Nenetooyah or the Bloody
+Fellow." The name appears thus in a document of 1791 as that of
+a Cherokee chief frequently mentioned about that period under the
+name of "Bloody Fellow." In one treaty it is given as "Eskaqua or
+Bloody Fellow." Both forms and etymologies are doubtful, neither form
+seeming to have any reference either to "sky" (galun`lahi) or "blood"
+(gi`ga). The first may be intended for Ik-e`gwa, "Great day."
+
+Istanare--see Ustana`li.
+
+Itaba--see I`tawa`.
+
+Itagu`nahi--the Cherokee name of John Ax.
+
+I`tawa`--The name of one or more Cherokee settlements. One,
+which existed until the Removal in 1838, was upon Etowah river,
+about the present Hightower, in Forsyth county, Ga. Another may
+have been on Hightower creek of Hiwassee river in Towns county,
+Ga. The name, commonly written Etowah and corrupted to Hightower,
+cannot be translated and seems not to be of Cherokee origin. A town,
+called Itaba, Ytaun or Ytava in the De Soto chronicles, existed in
+1540 among the Creeks, apparently on Alabama river.
+
+Itsa`ti--commonly spelled Echota, Chota, Chote, Choquata (misprint),
+etc.; a name occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country;
+the meaning is lost. The most important settlement of this name,
+frequently distinguished as Great Echota, was on the south side of
+Little Tennessee. It was the ancient capital and sacred "Peace town"
+of the Nation. Little Echota was on Sautee (i. e., Its`ti) creek,
+a head stream of the Chattahoochee, west of Clarksville, Ga. New
+Echota, the capital of the Nation for some years before the Removal,
+was established at a spot originally known as Gansa`gi (q. v.) at the
+junction of the Oostanaula and Canasauga rivers, in Gordon county,
+Ga. It was sometimes called Newton. The old Macedonia mission on
+Soco creek, of the N. C. reservation, is also known as Itas`ti to
+the Cherokee, as was also the great Nacoochee mound. See Nagutsi`.
+
+Itse`yi--"New green place" or "Place of fresh green," from itse`hi,
+"green or unripe vegetation," and yi, the locative; applied more
+particularly to a tract of ground made green by fresh springing
+vegetation, after having been cleared of timber or burned over. A name
+occurring in several places in the Old Cherokee country, variously
+written Echia, Echoee, Etchowee, and sometimes also falsely rendered
+"Brasstown," from a confusion of Itse`yi with untsaiyi`, "brass." One
+settlement of this name was upon Brasstown creek of Tugaloo river,
+in Oconee county, S. C.; another was on Little Tennessee river near
+the present Franklin, Macon county, N. C., and probably about the
+junction of Cartoogaja (Gatug-itse`yi) creek; a third, known to the
+whites as Brasstown, was on upper Brasstown creek of Hiwassee river,
+in Towns county, Ga. In Cherokee, as in most other Indian languages,
+no clear distinction is made between green and blue.
+
+i`ya--pumpkin.
+
+i`ya`-iuy`sti--"like a pumpkin," from i`ya and iyu`sti, like.
+
+i`ya`-tawi`skage--"of pumpkin smoothness," from i`ya, pumpkin, and
+tawi`skage, smooth.
+
+
+
+Jackson--see Tsek`sini`.
+
+Jessan--see Tsesa`ni.
+
+Jesse Reid--see Tse`si-Ska`tsi.
+
+Joanna Bald--see Diya`hali`yi.
+
+Joara, Juada--see Ani`-Sawa`li.
+
+John--see Tsa`ni.
+
+John Ax--see Itagu`nahi.
+
+Jolly, John--see Anu`lude`gi.
+
+Junaluska--see Tsunu`lahun`ski.
+
+Jutaculla--see Tsulkalu`.
+
+
+
+ka`gu`--crow; the name is an onomatope.
+
+Kagun`yi--"Crow place," from ka`gu`, and yi, locative.
+
+ka`i--grease, oil.
+
+Kala`asun`yi--"where he fell off," from tsila`asku`, "I am falling
+off," and yi, locative. A cliff near Cold Spring knob, in Swain county,
+North Carolina.
+
+Ka`lahu`--"All-bones," from ka`lu, bone. A former chief of the East
+Cherokee, also known in the tribe as Sawanu`gi.
+
+Ka`lanu--"The Raven"; the name was used as a war title in the tribe
+and appears in the old documents as Corani (Lower dialect, Ka`ranu)
+Colonneh, Colona, etc. It is the Cherokee name for General Samuel
+Houston or for any person named Houston.
+
+Ka`lanu Ahyeli`ski--the Raven Mocker.
+
+Ka`lanun`yi--"Raven place," from ka`lanu, raven, and yi, the
+locative. The proper name of Big-cove settlement upon the East Cherokee
+reservation, Swain county, N. C., sometimes also called Raventown.
+
+kalas`-gunahi`ta--"long hams" (gunahi`ta, "long"); a variety of bear.
+
+Kal-detsi`yunyi--"where the bones are," from ka`lu, bone, and
+detsi`yunyi, "where (yi) they (de--plural prefix) are lying." A spot
+near the junction of East Buffalo Creek with Cheowa river, in Graham
+county, N. C.
+
+kama`ma--butterfly.
+
+kama`ma u`tanu--elephant; literally "great butterfly," from the
+resemblance of the trunk and ears to the butterfly's proboscis
+and wings.
+
+kanaha`na--a sour corn gruel, much in use among the Cherokee and
+other Southern tribes; the tamfuli or "Tom Fuller" of the Creeks.
+
+kanane`ski--spider; also, from a fancied resemblance in appearance
+to a watch or clock.
+
+kanane`ski amaye`hi--the water spider.
+
+Kana`sta, Kanastun`yi--a traditional Cherokee settlement, formerly on
+the head-waters of the French Broad river, near the present Brevard,
+in Transylvania county, North Carolina. The meaning of the first name
+is lost. A settlement called Cannostee or Cannastion is mentioned as
+existing on Hiwassee river in 1776.
+
+kana`talu`hi--hominy cooked with walnut kernels.
+
+Kana`ti--"Lucky Hunter"; a masculine name, sometimes abbreviated
+Kanat`. The word cannot be analyzed, but is used as a third person
+habitual verbal form to mean "he is lucky, or successful, in hunting";
+the opposite is ukwa`legu, "unlucky, or unsuccessful, in hunting."
+
+kanegwa`ti--the water-moccasin snake.
+
+Kanuga--also written Canuga; a Lower Cherokee settlement, apparently
+on the waters of Keowee river, in S. C., destroyed in 1751; also
+a traditional settlement on Pigeon river, probably near the present
+Waynesville, in Haywood county, N. C. The name signifies "a scratcher,"
+a sort of bone-toothed comb with which ball-players are scratched
+upon their naked skin preliminary to applying the conjured medicine;
+de`tsinuga`sku, "I am scratching it."
+
+kanugu` la (abbreviated nungu` la)--"scratcher," a generic term for
+blackberry, raspberry, and other brier bushes.
+
+Kanu`gulayi, or Kanu`gulun`yi--"Brier place," from kanugu`la, brier
+(cf. Kanu`ga); a Cherokee settlement formerly on Nantahala river,
+about the mouth of Briertown creek, in Macon county, N. C.
+
+Kanun`nawu`--pipe.
+
+Kasdu`yi--"Ashes place," from kasdu, ashes, and yi, the locative. A
+modern Cherokee name for the town of Asheville, Buncombe county,
+N. C. The ancient name for the same site is Unta`kiyasti`yi, q. v.
+
+Katal`sta--an East Cherokee woman potter, the daughter of the chief
+Yanagun`ski. The name conveys the idea of lending, from tsiyatal`sta,
+"I lend it"; agatal`sta, "it is lent to him."
+
+Kawan`-ura`sunyi--(abbreviated Kawan`-ura`sun in the Lower
+dialect)--"where the duck fell," from kawa`na, duck, ura`sa (ula`sa),
+"it fell," and yi, locative. A point on Conneross creek (from
+Kawan`-ura`sun), near Seneca, in Oconee county, S. C.
+
+Kawi`yi (abbreviated Kawi`)--a former important Cherokee settlement
+commonly known as Cowee, about the mouth of Cowee creek of Little
+Tennessee river, some 10 miles below Franklin, in Macon county,
+N. C. The name may possibly be a contraction of Ani`-Kawi`yi, "Place
+of the Deer clan."
+
+Keeowhee--see Keowee.
+
+Kenesaw--see Gansa`gi.
+
+Keowee--the name of two or more former Cherokee settlements. One
+sometimes distinguished as "Old Keowee," the principal of the Lower
+Cherokee towns, was on the river of the same name, near the present
+Fort George, in Oconee county, of S. C. Another, distinguished as New
+Keowee, was on the head-waters of Twelve-mile creek, in Pickens county,
+S. C. According to Wafford the correct form is Kuwahi`yi, abbreviated
+Kuwahi`, "Mulberry-grove place." Says Wafford, "the whites murdered
+the name as they always do." Cf. Kuwa`hi.
+
+Ke`si-ka`gamu--a woman's name, a Cherokee corruption of Cassie Cockran;
+ka`gamu is also the Cherokee corruption for "cucumber."
+
+Ketoowah--see Kilu`hwa.
+
+Kittuwa--see Kitu`hwa.
+
+Kitu`hwa--an important ancient Cherokee settlement formerly upon
+Tuckasegee river, and extending from above the junction of Oconaluftee
+down nearly to the present Bryson City, in Swain county, N. C. The
+name, which appears also as Kettooah, Kittoa, Kittowa, etc., has lost
+its meaning. The people of this and the subordinate settlements on the
+waters of the Tuckasegee were known as Ani`-Kitu`hwagi, and the name
+was frequently extended to include the whole tribe. For this reason
+it was adopted in later times as the name of the Cherokee secret
+organization, commonly known to the whites as the Ketoowah society,
+pledged to the defense of Cherokee autonomy.
+
+kiyu ga--ground-squirrel; te`wa, flying squirrel; sala`li, gray
+squirrel.
+
+Klausuna--see Tlanusi`yi.
+
+Knoxville--see Kuwanda`ta lun`yi.
+
+ku!--an introductory explanation, to fix attention, about equivalent to
+"Now!"
+
+kuku`--"cymbling"; also the "jigger weed," or "pleurisy root"
+(Asclepias tuberosa). Coco creek of Hiwassee river, and Coker
+post-office, in Monroe county, Tennessee, derive their name from
+this word.
+
+Kulsetsi`yi (abbreviated Kulse`tsi)--"Honey-locust place," from
+kulse`tsi, honey-locust (Gleditschia) and yi, locative; as the
+same word, kulse` tsi, is also used for "sugar," the local name has
+commonly been rendered Sugartown by the traders. The name of several
+former settlement places in the old Cherokee country. One was upon
+Keowee river, near the present Fall creek, in Oconee county, S. C.;
+another was on Sugartown or Cullasagee (Kulse`tsi) creek, near the
+present Franklin, in Macon county, N. C.; a third was on Sugartown
+creek, near the present Morgantown, in Fannin county, Ga.
+
+Kunnesee--see Tsi`yu-gunsi`ni.
+
+Kunstutsi`yi--"Sassafras place," from kunstu`tsi, sassafras, and yi,
+locative. A gap in the Great Smoky range, about the head of Noland
+creek, on the line between North Carolina and Sevier county, Tenn.
+
+kunu`nu (abbreviated kunun`)--the bullfrog; the name is probably an
+onomatope; the common green frog is wala`si and there are also names
+for several other varieties of frogs and toads.
+
+Kusa`--Coosa creek, an upper tributary of Nottely river, near
+Blairsville, Union county, Georgia. The change of accent from Ku`sa
+(Creek, see Ani`-Ku`sa) makes it locative.
+
+Ku`sa-nunna`hi--"Creek trail," from Ku`sa, Creek Indian, and Nunna`hi,
+path, trail; cf. Suwa`li-nunna`hi. A former important Cherokee
+settlement, including also a number of Creeks and Shawano, where the
+trail from the Ohio region to the creek country crossed Tennessee
+river, at the present Guntersville, in Marshall county, Ala. It was
+known to the traders as Creek-path, and later as Gunter's landing,
+from a Cherokee mixed-blood named Gunter.
+
+Ku`swati`yi (abbreviated Ku`saweti`)--"Old Creek place," from
+Ku`sa, a Creek Indian (plural Ani`-ku`sa), uwe`ti, old, and yi,
+locative. Coosawatee, an important Cherokee settlement formerly on
+the lower part of Coosawatee river, in Gordon county, Ga. In one
+document the name appears, by error, Tensawattee.
+
+Kuwa`hi--"Mulberry place," from ku`wa, mulberry tree, and hi,
+locative. Clingman's dome, about the head of Deep creek, on the
+Great Smoky range, between Swain county, N. C., and Sevier county,
+Tenn. See also Keowee.
+
+Kuwanda`ta lun`yi (abbreviated Kuwanda`ta lun)--"Mulberry grove," from
+ku`wa, mulberry; the Cherokee name for the present site of Knoxville,
+in Knox county, Tenn.
+
+Kwa`li, Kwalun`yi--Qualla or Quallatown, the former agency for the East
+Cherokee and now a post-office station, just outside the reservation,
+on a branch of Soco creek, in Jackson county, North Carolina. It is
+the Cherokee form for "Polly," and the station was so-called from an
+old woman of that name who formerly lived near by; Kwa`li, "Polly"
+Kwalun`yi, "Polly's place." The reservation is locally known as the
+Qualla boundary.
+
+kwandaya`hu--see da`liksta`.
+
+
+
+la`lu--the jar-fly (Cicada auletes).
+
+Little Carpenter, Little Cornplanter--see Ata`-gul kalu`.
+
+Long-hair--a Cherokee chief living with his band in Ohio in 1795. The
+literal Cherokee translation of "Long-hair" is Gitlu`gunahi`ta,
+but it is not certain that the English name is a correct rendering
+of the Indian form. Cf. Ani`-Gila`hi.
+
+Long Island--see Amaye li-gunahi`ta.
+
+Lookout Mountain Town--see Danda`ganu`.
+
+Lowrey, Major George--see Agili.
+
+
+
+Mayes, J. B.--see Tsa`wa Gak`ski.
+
+Memphis--see Tsuda`talesun`yi.
+
+Mialaquo--see Amaye l-e`gwa.
+
+Moses--see Wa`si.
+
+Moytoy--a Cherokee chief recognized by the English as "emperor" in
+1730. Both the correct form and the meaning of the name are uncertain;
+the name occurs again as Moyatoy in a document of 1793; a boy upon the
+East Cherokee reservation a few years ago bore the name of Ma`tayi`,
+for which no meaning can be found or given.
+
+Mussel Shoals--see Dagu`nahi.
+
+
+
+Nacoochee--see Na`gu tsi.
+
+Na`duli--known to the whites as Nottely. A former Cherokee settlement
+on Nottely river, close to the Georgia line, in Cherokee county,
+N. C. The name cannot be translated and has not any connection with
+na tu li, "spicewood."
+
+Na`gu tsi`--a former important settlement about the junction of Soquee
+and Santee rivers, in Nacoochee valley, at the head of Chattahoochee
+river, in Habersham county, Ga. The meaning of the word is lost and it
+is doubtful if it be of Cherokee origin. It may have some connection
+with the name of the Uchee Indians. The great mound farther up Sautee
+river, in White county, was known to the Cherokee as Itsa`ti.
+
+nakwisi` (abbreviated nakusi)--star; also the meadow lark.
+
+nakwisi` usdi`--"little star"; the puffball fungus (Lycoperdon?).
+
+Na`na-tlu gun`yi (abbreviated Na`na-tlu gun`, or Na`na-tsu
+gun`)--"Spruce-tree place," from na`na, spruce, tlu gun`i, or tsu
+gun`i, a tree (standing) and yi, locative, 1. A traditional ancient
+Cherokee settlement on the site of Jonesboro, Washington county,
+Tenn. The name of Nolichucky river is probably a corruption of the
+same word. 2. Nan-tsu gun, a place on Nottely river, close to its
+junction with Hiwassee, in Cherokee county, N. C.
+
+Nanehi--see Nunne`hi.
+
+Nantahala--see Nundaye` li.
+
+Nashville--see Dagu`nawe`lahi.
+
+Natchez--see Ani`-Na'tsi.
+
+Nats-asun`tlunyi (abbreviated Nats-asun`tlun)--"Pine-footing place,"
+from na'tsi, pine, asun`tli or asun-tlun`i, footlog, bridge, and yi,
+locative. A former Cherokee settlement, commonly known as Pinelog,
+on the creek of the same name, in Bartow county, Georgia.
+
+na'tsi--pine.
+
+na`tsiku`--"I eat it" (tsi`kiu`, "I am eating").
+
+na tu li--spicewood (Lindera benzoin).
+
+Naye`hi--see Nunne`hi.
+
+Nayunuwi--see Nunyunu`wi.
+
+nehanduyanu`--a song form for nehadu`yanu`, an irregular verbal form
+denoting "conceived in the womb."
+
+Nellawgitehi--given as the name of a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684. The
+correct form and meaning are both uncertain, but the final part seems
+to be the common suffix didi`, "killer." Cf. Ta`gwadiahi`.
+
+Nenetooyah--see Iskagua.
+
+Nequassee--see Ki`kwasi`.
+
+Nettecawaw--see Gatayu`sti.
+
+Nettle-carrier--see Tale`danigi`ski.
+
+New Echota, Newtown--see Itsa`ti.
+
+Nickajack--see Nikutse`gi.
+
+Nicotani--see Ani`-Kuta`ni.
+
+Nikwasi` (or Nikwsi`)--an important ancient settlement on Little
+Tennessee river, where now is the town of Franklin, in Macon county,
+N. C. A large mound marks the site of the town-house. The name appears
+in old documents as Nequassee, Nucassee, etc. Its meaning is lost.
+
+Nikutse`gi (also Nukatse`gi, Nikwatse`gi, or abbreviated
+Nikutseg`)--Nickajack, an important Cherokee settlement, about 1790,
+on the south bank of Tennessee river, at the entrance of Nickajack
+creek, in Marion county, Tenn. One of the Five Chickamauga towns (see
+Tsikama`gi). The meaning of the word is lost and it is probably not
+of Cherokee origin, although it occurs also in the tribe as a man's
+name. In the corrupted form of "Nigger Jack," it occurs also as the
+name of a creek of Cullasaja river above Franklin, in Macon county,
+N. C.
+
+Nilaque--see Amaye l-e`gwa.
+
+Nolichucky--see Na`na-tlugun`yi.
+
+Notchy--a creek entering Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tenn. The
+name evidently refers to Natchez Indian refugees, who formerly lived
+in the vicinity (see Ani`-Na'tsi).
+
+Nottely--see Na`duli`.
+
+nu--used as a suffix to denote "and," or "also"; u`le-nu, "and also"
+na`ski-nu`, "and that," "that also."
+
+Nucassee--see Nikwasi`.
+
+nu`dunnelu`--he did so and so: an irregular form apparently connected
+with the archaic forms adunni`ga, "it has just become so," and udunnu,
+"it is matured, or finished."
+
+Nugatsa`ni--a ridge sloping down to Oconaluftee river, below Cherokee,
+in Swain county, N. C. An archaic form denoting a high ridge with a
+long gradual slope.
+
+nu`na--potato; the name was originally applied to the wild "pig potato"
+(Phaseolus), now distinguished as mu`na igatehi, "swamp-dwelling
+potato."
+
+nun`da--the sun or moon, distinguished as unu`da` ige`hi, nun`da`
+"dwelling in the day," and nun`da` sunna`yehi, nun`da "dwelling in
+the night." In the sacred formulas the moon is sometimes called Ge
+yagu`ga, or Su`talidihi, "Six-keller," names apparently founded upon
+myths now lost.
+
+nun`da`-dikani--a rare bird formerly seen occasionally in the
+old Cherokee country, possibly the little blue heron (Floridus
+cerulea). The name seems to mean "it looks at the sun," i. e.,
+"sun-gazer," from nun`da`, sun, and da`ka na` or detsi`ka na, "I am
+looking at it."
+
+Nundawe`gi--see Ani`-Nundawe`gi.
+
+Nun`daye li--"Middle (i. e., Noonday) sun," from nunda`, sun and
+aye li, middle; a former Cherokee settlement on Nantahala river,
+near the present Jarrett station, in Macon county, N. C., so-called
+from the high cliffs which shut out the view of the sun until nearly
+noon. The name appears also as Nantahala, Nantiyallee, Nuntialla,
+etc. It appears to have been applied properly only to the point on the
+river where the cliffs are most perpendicular, while the settlement
+itself was known as Kanu`gu la`yi, "Briertown," q. v.
+
+Nun`dagun`yi, Nunda`yi--the Sun land, or east; from nun`da`, sun, and
+yi, locative. Used in the sacred formulas instead of di`galungun`yi,
+"where it rises," the common word.
+
+nun`gi--four. See hi`ski.
+
+nungu la--see kanugu` la.
+
+nunna`hi (abbreviated nunna)--a path, trail or road.
+
+Nunna`hi-dihi` (abbreviated Nun`na-dihi`)--"Path-killer," literally,
+"he kills (habitually) in the path," from nun`nahi, path, and ahihi`,
+"he kills" (habitually); "I am killing," tsi`ihu`. A principal chief,
+about the year 1813. Major John Ridge was originally known by the
+same name, but afterward took the name, Gunun`da le`gi, "One who
+follows the ridge," which the whites made simply ridge.
+
+Nunna`hi-tsune`ga (abbreviated) Nunna-tsune`ga--"white-path,"
+from nunna`hi, path, and tsune`ga, plural of une`ga, white; the
+form is the plural, as is common in Indian names, and has probably
+a symbolic reference to the "white" or peaceful paths spoken of in
+the opening invocation at the green corn dance. A noted chief who
+led the conservative party about 1828.
+
+Nunne`hi (also Gunne`hi; singular Naye`hi)--a race of invisible spirit
+people. The name is derived from the verb e`hu`, "I dwell, I live,"
+e`hi`, "I dwell habitually," and may be rendered "dwellers anywhere,"
+or "those who live anywhere," but implies having always been there,
+i. e., "Immortals." It has been spelled Nanehi and Nuhnayie by
+different writers. The singular form Naye`hi occurs also as a personal
+name, about equivalent to Eda`hi, "One who goes about."
+
+Nuniyu`sti--"potato-like," from nu`na, potato, and iyu`sti, like. A
+flowering vine with tuberous root somewhat resembling the potato.
+
+Nunyu`--rock, stone.
+
+Nunyu`-gunwam`ski--"Rock that talks," from nunyu`, rock, and
+tsiwa`nihu, "I am talking." A rock from which Talking-rock creek of
+Coosawatee river, in Georgia, derives its name.
+
+Nun`yunu`wi--contracted from Nunyu-unu`wi. "Stone-clad," from nunyu,
+rock, and agwaun`wu, "I am clothed or covered." A mythic monster,
+invulnerable by reason of his stony skin. The name is also applied
+sometimes to the stinging ant, dasuntali atatsunski, q. v. It has
+also been spelled Nayunuwi.
+
+Nunyu`-tlu guni (or Nunyu-tsu gun`i)--"Tree-rock," a notable rock on
+Hiwassee river, just within the N. C. line.
+
+Nunyu`-twi`ska--"Slick rock," from nunyu`, rock, and twiska, smooth,
+slick; the form remains unchanged for the locative. 1. Slick-rock
+creek, entering Little Tennessee river just within the west line
+of Graham county, N. C. 2. A place at the extreme head of Brasstown
+creek of Hiwassee river, in Towns county, Ga.
+
+
+
+Ocoee--see Uwaga`hi.
+
+Oconaluftee--see Egwanul ti.
+
+Oconee--see Ukwu`nu.
+
+Oconostota--see Agansta`ta.
+
+Old Tassel--see Utsi`dsata`.
+
+Ooltewah--see Ultiwa`i.
+
+Oostinaleh--see U`stana`li.
+
+Oothealoga--see Uy`gila`gi.
+
+Otacite, Otassite--see Outacity.
+
+Otari, Otariyatiqui--mentioned as a place, apparently on the Cherokee
+frontier, visited by Pardo in 1567. Otari seems to be the Cherokee
+atari or atali, mountain, but the rest of the word is doubtful.
+
+Ottare--see a`tali.
+
+Owasta--given as the name of a Cherokee chief in 1684; the form cannot
+be identified.
+
+Ougillogy--see Uy`gila`gi.
+
+Outacity--given in documents as the name or title of a prominent
+Cherokee chief about 1720. It appears also as Otacite, Ottassite,
+Outassatah, Wootassite and Wrosetasatow (!), but the form cannot
+be identified, although it seems to contain the personal name suffix
+diha`, "killer." Timberlake says: "There are some other honorary titles
+among them, conferred in reward of great actions; the first of which
+is Outacity or "Man-killer," and the second Colona or "The Raven."
+
+Outassatah--see Outacity.
+
+Owassa--see Ayuhwa`si.
+
+
+
+Paint-town--see Ani`-Wa`dihi`.
+
+Path-killer--see Nuna`hi-dihi`.
+
+Phoenix, Cherokee--see Tsule`hisanun`hi.
+
+Pigeon River--see Wayi.
+
+Pine Indians--see Ani`-Na'tsi.
+
+Pinelog--see Na ts-asun`tlunyi.
+
+
+
+Qualatchee--a former Cherokee settlement on the headwaters of the
+Chattahoochee river in Georgia; another of the same name was upon
+the waters of Keowee river in S. C. The correct form is unknown.
+
+Qualla--see Kwali.
+
+Quaxule--see Guaxule.
+
+Quinahaqui--a place, possibly in the Cherokee country, visited by
+Pardo in 1567. The form cannot be identified.
+
+Quoneashee--see Tlanusi`yi.
+
+
+
+Rattlesnake Springs--see Utsanatiyi.
+
+Rattling-Gourd--see Ganseti.
+
+Raventown--see Kalanun`yi.
+
+Red Clay--see Elawa`diyi.
+
+Reid, Jesse--see Tse`si-Ska`tsi.
+
+Ridge, Major John--see Nunna`hi-dihi`.
+
+Ross, John--see Gu`wisguwi`.
+
+Ross' Landing--see Tsatanu`gi.
+
+
+
+Sadayi`--a feminine name, the proper name of the woman known to the
+whites as Annie Ax; it cannot be translated.
+
+Sagwa`hi, or Sagwun`yi--"One place," from sa`gwu, one, and hi or
+yi, locative. Soco creek of Oconaluftee river, on the East Cherokee
+reservation, in Jackson county, N. C. No satisfactory reason is given
+for the name, which has its parallel in Tsaska`hi, "Thirty place,"
+a local name in Cherokee county, N. C.
+
+sa`gwalt`--horse; from asagwalihu, a pack or burden, asagwal lu`;
+"there is a pack on him."
+
+sa`gwali digu`lanahi`ta--mule; literally "long-eared horse," from
+sa`gwali, horse, and digu`lanahi`ta, q. v.
+
+saikwa`yi--bear-grass (Erynigium) also the greensnake, on account of
+a fancied resemblance; the name of a former Cherokee settlement on
+Sallacoa creek of Coosawatee river, in Gordon county, Ga.
+
+Sakwi`yi (or Suki`yi; abbreviated Sakwi` or Suki`)--a former settlement
+on Soquee river, a head stream of Chattahoochee, near Clarksville,
+Habersham county, Ga. Also written Saukee and Sookee. The name has
+lost its meaning.
+
+sala`li--squirrel; the common gray squirrel; other varieties are kiyu
+ga, the ground squirrel, and tewa, the flying squirrel; Sala`li was
+also the name of an East Cherokee inventor who died a few years ago;
+Sala`lani`ta` "Young-squirrels," is a masculine personal name on
+the reservation.
+
+saligu`gi--turtle, the common water turtle; soft-shell turtle,
+u`lana`wa; land tortoise or terrapin, tuksi`.
+
+Sa`nigila`gi (abbreviated San gila`gi)--Whiteside mountain, a
+prominent peak of the Blue Ridge, southeast from Franklin, Macon
+county, N. C. It is connected with the tradition of Utlun`ta.
+
+Santeetla--the present map name of a creek joining Cheiwa river
+in Graham county, N. C., and of a smaller tributary (Little
+Santeetla). The name is not recognized or understood by the Cherokee,
+who insist that it was given by the whites. Little Santeetla is known
+to the Cherokee as Tsundanilti`yi, q. v.; the modern Santeetla creek is
+commonly known as Nayu`higeyun`i, "Sand-place stream," from "Nuyu`hi,
+"Sand place" (nayu, sand), a former settlement just above the junction
+of the two creeks.
+
+Sara--see Ani`-Suwa`li.
+
+Sa`sa`--goose; an onomatope.
+
+Sautee--see Itsa`ti.
+
+Savannah--the popular name of this river is derived from that of the
+Shawano Indians, formerly living upon its middle course, and known to
+the Cherokee as Ani`Swanu`gi, q. v., to the Creeks as Savanuka, and
+to some of the coast tribes of Carolina as Savanna. In old documents
+the river is also called Isundiga, from Isu`nigu or Seneca, q. v.,
+an important former Cherokee settlement upon its upper waters.
+
+Sawanu`gi--"Shawano" (Indian); a masculine personal name upon the East
+Cherokee reservation and prominent in the history of the band. See
+Ani`Sawanu`gi and Ka`lahu`.
+
+Sawnook--see Ka`lahu`.
+
+Sehwate`yi--"Hornet place," from se`hwatu, hornet, and yi,
+locative. Cheowa Maximum and Swim Bald, adjoining bald peaks at the
+head of Cheowa river, Graham county, N. C.
+
+selu--corn; sometimes called in the sacred formulas Agawe`la, "The
+Old Woman."
+
+sel-utsi` (for selu-utsi`)--"corn's mother," from selu, corn, and
+utsi`, his mother (etsi` or agitsi`, my mother); the bead-corn or
+Job's-tears (Coix lacryma).
+
+Seneca--see Ani`-Nun`dawe`gi (Seneca tribe), and Isu`nigu. (Seneca
+town.)
+
+Sequatchee--see Si`gwetsi`.
+
+Sequoya--see Sikwayi.
+
+Setsi--a mound and traditional Cherokee settlement on the south side
+of the Valley river, about three miles below Valleytown, in Cherokee
+county, N. C.; the name has lost its meaning. A settlement called
+Tasetsi (Tassetchie in some old documents) existed on the extreme
+head of Hiwassee river, in Towns county, Ga.
+
+Sevier--see Tsan`-usdi`.
+
+Shoe-boots--see Da`si giya`gi.
+
+Shooting creek--see Du`stayalun`yi.
+
+Si`gwetsi`--a traditional Cherokee settlement on the south bank of
+French Broad river, not far from Knoxville, Knox county, Tenn. Near
+by was the quarry from which it is said the stone for the white
+peace pipes was obtained. Swquatchee, the name of the river below
+Chattanooga, in Tenn., is probably a corruption of the same word.
+
+si`dwa--hog; originally the name of the opossum, now distinguished
+as si`kwa utset`sti, q. v.
+
+si`kwa utset`sti--opossum; literally "grinning hog," from si`kwa,
+hog, and utset`sti, "he grins" (habitually).
+
+Sikwa`yi--a masculine name, commonly written Sequoya, made famous as
+that of the inventor of the Cherokee alphabet. The name, which cannot
+be translated, is still in use upon the East Cherokee reservation.
+
+Sikwi`a--a masculine name, the Cherokee corruption for Sevier. See
+also Tsan-usdi`.
+
+sinnawah--see tla`nuwa.
+
+Si`tiku` (or su`tagu`, in dialectic form)--a former Cherokee settlement
+on Little Tennessee river, at the entrance of Citico creek, in Monroe
+county, Tenn. The name, which cannot be translated, is commonly
+spelled Citico, but appears also as Sattiquo, Settico, Settacoo,
+Sette, Sittiquo, etc.
+
+siyu`--see a`siyu`.
+
+skinta`--for skin`tagu`, understood to mean "put a new tooth into my
+jaw." The word cannot be analyzed, but is derived from gantka` (ganta
+ga in a dialectic form) a tooth in place; a tooth detached is kayu ga.
+
+Skwan`-digu gun`yi (for Askwan`-digu gun`yi)--"where the Spaniard
+is in the water" (or other liquid). A place on Upper Soco creek,
+on the reservation in Jackson county, N. C.
+
+Slick Rock--see Nunyu`tawi`ska.
+
+Smith, N. J.--see Tsaladihi`.
+
+Snowbird--see Tuti`yi.
+
+Soco creek--see Sagwa`hi.
+
+Soco Gap--see Ahalu`na.
+
+Soquee--see Sakwi`yi.
+
+Spray, H. W.--see Wilsini`.
+
+spring-frog--see Du`stu`.
+
+Standing Indian--see Yunwi-tsulenun`yi.
+
+Stand Watie--see De`gataga.
+
+Stekoa--see Stika`yi.
+
+ste`tsi--"your daughter"; literally, "your offspring"; agwe`tsi,
+"my offspring"; uwe`tsi, "his offspring"; to distinguish sex it is
+necessary to add asga`ya, "man" or age`hya, "woman."
+
+Stika`yi (variously spelled Stecoe, Steecoy, Stekoah, Stickoey,
+etc.)--the name of several former Cherokee settlements: 1. Sticoa
+creek, near Clayton, Babun county, Ga.; 2. on Tuckasegee river at
+the old Thomas homestead just above the present Whittier, in Swain
+county, N. C.; 3. on Stekoa creek of Little Tennessee river, a few
+miles below the junction of Nantahala, in Graham county, N. C.
+
+Stringfield--see Tlage`si.
+
+stugi`sti, stui`ski--a key.
+
+Suck, The--see Un`tiguhi`.
+
+Sugartown--see Kulse`tsi`yi.
+
+su`nawa`--see tla`nuwa.
+
+sunestla`ta--"split noses"; see tsunu liyu` sunestla`ta.
+
+sungi--mink; also onion; the name seems to refer to a smell; the
+various minks are called generically, gaw sun`gi.
+
+Suki`yi--another form of Sakwi`yi, q. v.
+
+su`li`--buzzard; the Creek name is the same.
+
+Sun Land--see Nunda`yi.
+
+su`sa`-sai`--an unmeaning song refrain.
+
+su`talidihi`--see nun`da`.
+
+Suwa`li-nunna`hi (abbreviated Suwa`li-nunna`hi)--"Suwali train," the
+proper name for the gap at the head of Swannanoa (from Suwa`li-Nun`na`)
+river east of Asheville, in Buncombe county, N. C.
+
+Suwa`ni--a former Cherokee settlement on Chattahoochee river, about
+the present Suwanee, in Gwinnett county, Ga. The name has no meaning
+in the Cherokee language and is said to be of Creek origin.
+
+Suye`ta--"the Chosen One," from asuye`ta, "he is chosen," gasu`yeu,
+"I am choosing"; the same form, suye`ta, could also mean mixed, from
+gasu`yahu, "I am mixing it." A masculine name at present borne by a
+prominent ex-chief and informant upon the East Cherokee reservation.
+
+Swannanoa--see Wuwa`li-nunna`hi.
+
+Swim Bald--see Sehwate`yi.
+
+Swimmer--see Ayun`ini.
+
+
+
+tadeya`statakuhi`--"we shall see each other."
+
+Tae-keo-ge--see Ta ski`gi.
+
+ta`gu--the June-bug (Allorhina nitida), also called tuya-diskalaw
+tsiski, "one who keeps fire under the beans."
+
+Ta`gwa--see Ani`ta`gwa.
+
+Ta`gwadihi` (abbreviated Ta`gwadi`)--"Catawba-killer," from Ata`gwa or
+Ta`gwa, "Cattawba Indian," and dihihi`, "he kills them" (habitually),
+from tsi`ihu`. "I kill." An old masculine name, still in use upon
+the East Cherokee reservation. It was the proper name of the chief
+known to the whites about 1790 as "The Glass," from a confusion of
+this name with adake`ti, glass, or mirror.
+
+Tagwa`hi--"Catawba place," from Ata`gwa or Ta`gwa, Catawba Indian, and
+hi, locative. A name occurring in several places in the old Cherokee
+country. A settlement of this name, known to the whites as Toccoa,
+was upon Toccoa creek, east of Clarksville, in Habersham county, Ga.;
+another was upon Toccoa or Ocoee river, about the present Toccoa,
+in Fannin county, Ga.; a third may have been on Persimmon creek,
+which is known to the Cherokee as Tagwa`hi, and enters Hiwassee river
+some distance below Murphy, in Cherokee county, N. C.
+
+Tahkeyostee--see Unta`kiyasti`yi.
+
+Tahlequah--see Talikwa`.
+
+Tahchee--see Talikwa`.
+
+Takatoka--see De`gata`ga.
+
+ta`ladu` (abbreviated taldu`)--twelve, from ta`li, two. Cf. tala`tu,
+cricket.
+
+Ta`lasi`--a former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river about
+Talassee ford, in Blount county, Tenn. The name has lost its meaning.
+
+Talassee--see Ta`lasi`.
+
+tala`tu--cricket; sometimes also called dita`staye`ski (q. v.),
+"the barber." Cf. ta`ladu`, twelve.
+
+Tale`danigi`ski (Utale`danigi`si in a dialectic form)--variously
+rendered by the whites "Hemp-carrier," "Nettle-carrier" or
+"flax-toter," from tale`ta or utale`ta, flax (Linum) or richweed (Pilea
+pumila), and danigi`ski, "he carries them" (habitually). A former
+prominent chief on Valley river, in Cherokee county, North Carolina.
+
+Talihina--given as the name of the Cherokee wife of Samuel Houston;
+the form cannot be identified.
+
+Talikwa` (commonly written Tellico, Teliquo or, in the Indian
+Territory, Tahlequah)--the name of several Cherokee settlements at
+different periods, viz.: 1. Great Tellico, at Tellico Plains, on
+Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tenn.; 2. Little Tellico, on Tellico
+creek of Little Tennessee river, about ten miles below Franklin,
+Macon county, N. C. 3. a town on Valley river, about five miles above
+Murphy, in Cherokee county, N. C.; 4. Tahlequah, established as the
+capital of the Cherokee Nation, Ind. Ter., in 1839. The meaning of
+the name is lost.
+
+Tali`wa--the site of a traditional battle between the Cherokee and
+Creeks about 1755, on Mountain (?) creek of Etowah river in upper
+Georgia. Probably not a Cherokee but a Creek name from the Creek
+ta`lua or ita`lua, town.
+
+Talking-rock--see Nunyu-gunwani`ski.
+
+Tallulah--see Talulu`.
+
+Tal-tsu`ska`--"Two-heads," from ta`li, two, and tsu`ska`, plural of
+uska`, (his) head. A Cherokee chief about the year 1800, known to
+the whites as Doublehead.
+
+taluli--pregnant; whence aluli`, (she is) "a mother," said of a woman.
+
+Talulu` (commonly Tallulah, and appearing in old documents, from the
+Lower dialect, as Taruraw, Toruro, Turoree, etc.)--a name occurring in
+two or more places in the old Cherokee country, viz.: 1. An ancient
+settlement on the upper part of Tallulah river, in Rabun county,
+Georgia; 2. a town on Tallulah creek of Cheowa river, in Graham county,
+N. C. The word is of uncertain etymology. The dulu`si frog is said
+to cry talulu`. The noted falls upon Tallulah river are known to the
+Cherokee as Ugun`yi, q. v.
+
+Taluntiski--see Ata`lunti`ski.
+
+Tama`li--a name, commonly written Tomotley or Tomatola, occurring in
+at least two places in the old Cherokee country, viz.: 1. On Valley
+river, a few miles above Murphy, about the present Tomatola, in
+Cherokee county, N. C. 2. on Little Tennessee river, about Tomotley
+ford, a few miles above Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tenn. The
+name cannot be translated, and may be of Creek origin, as that tribe
+had a town of the same name upon the lower Chattahoochee river.
+
+Tanasi`--a name which cannot be analyzed, commonly spelled Tennessee,
+occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country, viz.: 1. On
+Little Tennessee river about half-way between Citico and Toco creeks,
+in Monroe county, Tenn. 2. "Old Tennessee town," on Hiwassee river, a
+short distance above the junction of Ocoee, in Polk county, Tenn. 3. On
+Tennessee creek, a head-stream of Tuckasegee river, in Jackson county,
+N. C. Tanasqui, visited by Pardo in 1567, may have been another place
+of the same name.
+
+Tanasqui--see Tanasi`.
+
+Ta`ski`gi (abbreviated from Ta`skigi`yi or Da`skigi`yi, the locative
+yi being commonly omitted)--a name variously written Tae-keo-ge
+(misprint), Tasquiqui, Teeskege, Tuscagee, Tuskegee, etc., derived from
+that of a foreign tribe incorporated with the Cherokee, and occurring
+as a local name both in the Cherokee and in the Creek country. 1. The
+principal settlement of this name was on Little Tennessee river, just
+above the junction of Tellico, in Monroe county, Tenn.; 2. another
+was on the north bank of Tennessee river, just below Chattanooga,
+Tennessee; 3. another may have been on Tuskegee creek of Little
+Tennessee river, near Robbinsville, Graham county, N. C.
+
+Tasquiqui--see Ta`ski`gi.
+
+Tassel, Old--see Utsi`dsata`.
+
+Tatsi`--"Dutch," also written Tahchee, a western Cherokee chief
+about 1830.
+
+Tatsu`hwa--the redbird.
+
+tawa`li--punk.
+
+Tawa`li-ukwanun`ti--"Punk-plugged-in," from tawa`li, punk; the Cherokee
+name of a traditional Shawano chief.
+
+tawi`ska, tawi`skage--smooth, slick.
+
+Tawi`skala--"Flint"; a Cherokee supernatural, the personification
+of the rock flint; tawi`skalun`ti, tawi`skala, flint, from tawi`ska,
+smooth, slick; cf. Iroquois Tawiskaron.
+
+Tayunksi--a traditional western tribe; the name cannot be analyzed.
+
+Tellico--see Talikwa`.
+
+telun`lati--the summer grape (Vitis aestivalis).
+
+Tenaswattee--see Ku`saweti`yi.
+
+Terrapin--see Tuksi`.
+
+tewa--a flying squirrel; sala`li, gray squirrel; kiyu ga, ground
+squirrel.
+
+Thomas, W. H.--see Wil-usdi`.
+
+Tikwali`tsi--a name occurring in several places in the old Cherokee
+country, viz.: 1. Tuckalegee creek, a tributary of War-Woman creek,
+east of Clayton, in Rabun county, Ga.; 2. the Tikiwali`tsi of the
+story, an important town on Tuckasegee river at the present Bryson
+City, in Swain county, N. C. 3. Tuckalechee cove, on Little river,
+in Blount county, Tenn., which probably preserves the aboriginal
+local name. The name appears in old documents as Tuckarechee (Lower
+dialect) and Tuckalegee, and must not be confounded with Tsiksi`tsi
+or Tuckasegee. It cannot be translated.
+
+Timossy--see Tomassee.
+
+Tlage`si--"Field"; the Cherokee name for Lieutenant-Colonel
+W. W. Stringfield of Waynesville, N. C., one of the officers of
+the Cherokee contingent in the Thomas Legion. It is an abbreviated
+rendering of his proper name.
+
+tlage`situn`--a song form for tlage`sia-stun`i, "on the edge of the
+field," from a stream.
+
+tla`meha--bat (dialectic forms, tsa`meha, tsa`weha).
+
+tlanu`si`--leech (dialectic form, tsanu`si`).
+
+Tlanusi`yi (abbreviated Tlanusi`)--"Leech place," former important
+settlement at the junction of Hiwassee and Valley river, the present
+site of Murphy, in Cherokee county, N. C.; also a point on Nottely
+river, a few miles distant, in the same county. The name appears also
+as Clennuse, Klausuna, Quoneashee, etc.
+
+tla`nuwa (dialetic forms, tsa`nuwa`, su`nawa`, "sinnawah")--a mythic
+great hawk.
+
+tla`nuwa`usdi--"little tla`nuwa`"; probably the goshawk (Astur
+atricapillus).
+
+Tla`nuwa`atsi Yelun`isun`yi--"where the Tla`nuwa cut it up,"
+from tla`nuwa`, q. v., and tsiyelun`isku`, an archaic form for
+tsigunilun`isku`, "I am cutting it up." A place on Little Tennessee
+river, nearly opposite the entrance of Citico creek, in Blount
+county, Tenn.
+
+Tla`nuwa`i--"Tla`nuwa place," a cave on the north side of Tennessee
+river, a short distance below the entrance of Citico creek, in Blount
+county, Tenn.
+
+tlayku`--jay (dialectic form, tsayku`).
+
+tlunti`sti--the pheasant (Bonasa umbella), called locally grouse
+or partridge.
+
+tluntu`tsi--panther (dialectic form, tsuntu`ski).
+
+tlutlu`--the martin bird (dialectic form, tsutsu`).
+
+Tocax--a place, apparently in the Cherokee country, visited by Pardo
+in 1567. It may possibly have a connection with Toxaway (see Duksa`i)
+or Toccoa (see Tagwa`hi).
+
+Toccoa--see Tagwa`hi.
+
+Toco--see Dakwa`i.
+
+Tollunteeskee--see Ata`lunti`ski.
+
+Tomassee (also written Timossy and Tymahse)--the name of two or more
+former Cherokee settlements, viz.: 1. On Tomassee creek of Keowee
+river, in Oconee county, S. C.; 2. On Little Tennessee river, near
+the entrance of Burningtown creek, in Macon county, N. C. The correct
+form and interpretation are unknown.
+
+Tomatola, Tomotley--see Tama`li.
+
+Tooantuh--see Du`stu`.
+
+Toogelah--see Dugilu`yi.
+
+Toqua--see Dakwa`i.
+
+Toxaway--see Dukas`i.
+
+Track Rock gap--see Datsu`nalasgun`yi.
+
+Tsaga`si--a Cherokee sprite.
+
+tsa`gi--upstream, up the road; the converse of ge`i.
+
+Tsaiyi`--see Untsaiyi`.
+
+Tsa`ladihi`--Chief N. J. Smith of the East Cherokee. The name might
+be rendered "Charley-killer," from Tsali, "Charley," and dihi`,
+"killer" (in composition), but is really a Cherokee equivalent for
+Jarrett (Tsaladi`), his middle name, by which he was frequently
+addressed. Cf. Tagwadihi.
+
+tsal-agayun`li--"old tobacco," from tsalu, tobacco, and agayun`li or
+agayun`lige, old, ancient; the Nicotiana rustica or wild tobacco.
+
+Tsa`lagi` (Tsa`ragi` in Lower dialect)--the correct form of Cherokee.
+
+Tsa`li--Charley; a Cherokee shot for resisting the troops at the time
+of Removal.
+
+tsaliyu`sti--"tobacco-like," from tsalu, tobacco, and iyu`sti, like;
+a generic name for the cardinal-flower, mullein and related species.
+
+tsalu or tsalun (in the Lower dialect, tsaru)--tobacco; by comparison
+with kindred forms the other Iroquoian dialects the meaning "fire to
+hold in the mouth" seems to be indicated. Lanman spells it tso-lungh.
+
+tsameha--see tla`meha.
+
+tsa`nadiska`--for tsandiskai`, "they say."
+
+tsana`seha`i`--"so they say," "they say about him."
+
+tsane`ni--the scorpion lizard; also called gi`ga-danegi`ski, q. v.
+
+Tsani--John.
+
+Tsantawu`--a masculine name which cannot be analyzed.
+
+Tsan-uga`sita--"Sour John"; the Cherokee name for General John Sevier,
+and also the boy name of the Chief John Ross, afterward known as
+Gu`wisguwi`, q. v. Sikwi`a, a Cherokee attempt at "Sevier," is a
+masculine name upon the East Cherokee reservation.
+
+tsanu`si`--see tlanu`si`.
+
+tsa`nuwa`--see tla`nuwa`.
+
+Tsa`ragi`--Cherokee.
+
+tsaru--see tsalu.
+
+Tsasta`wi--a noted hunter formerly living upon Nantahala river,
+in Macon county, North Carolina; the meaning of the name is doubtful.
+
+Tsatanu`gi (commonly spelled Chattanooga)--the Cherokee name for
+some point upon the creek entering Tennessee river at the city of
+Chattanooga, in Hamilton county, Tennessee. It has no meaning in the
+Cherokee language and appears to be of foreign origin. The ancient
+name for the site of the present city is Atla`nuwa, q. v. Before the
+establishment of the town the place was known to the whites as Ross'
+landing, from a store kept there by Lewis Ross, brother of the chief,
+John Ross.
+
+Tsatu`gi (commonly written Chattooga or Chatuga)--a name occurring
+in two or three places in the old Cherokee country, but apparently of
+foreign origin. Possible Cherokee derivations are from words signifying
+respectively "he drank by sips," from gatu`gia`, "I sip," or "he has
+crossed the stream and come out upon the other side," from gatu`gi,
+"I have crossed," etc. An ancient settlement of this name was on
+Chattooga river, a headstream of Savannah river, on the boundary
+between South Carolina and Georgia; another appears to have been on
+upper Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tennessee; another may have been
+on Chattooga river, a tributary of the Coosa, in northwestern Georgia.
+
+Tsa`wa Gakski--Joe Smoker, from Tsawa, "Joe," and gakski, "smoker,"
+from ga`gisku, "I am smoking." The Cherokee name for Chief Joel
+B. Mayes, of the Cherokee Nation west.
+
+Tsawa`si--a Cherokee sprite.
+
+tsa`weha--see tla`meha.
+
+tsay ku`--see tlay ku`.
+
+Tsek`sini`--a Cherokee form for the name of General Andrew Jackson.
+
+Tsesa`ni--Jessan, probably a derivative from Jesse; a masculine name
+upon the East Cherokee reservation.
+
+Tse`si-Ska`tsi--"Scotch Jesse"; Jesse Reid, present chief of the East
+Cherokee, so-called because of mixed Scotch ancestry.
+
+tsetsani`li--"thy two elder brothers" (male speaking); "my elder
+brother" (male speaking), ungini`li.
+
+Tsgagun`yi--"Insect place," from tsgaya, insect, and yi, locative. A
+cave in the ridge eastward from Franklin, in Macon county, N. C.
+
+tsgaya--insect, worm, etc.
+
+Tsikama`gi--a name, commonly spelled Chickamauga, occurring in
+at least two places in the old Cherokee country, which has lost
+any meaning in Cherokee and appears to be of foreign origin. It
+is applied to a small creek at the head of Chattahoochee river,
+in White county, Ga., and also to the district about the southern
+(not the northern) Chickamauga creek, coming into Tennessee river,
+a few miles above Chattanooga, in Hamilton county, Tenn. In 1777,
+the more hostile portion of the Cherokee withdrew from the rest of
+the tribe, and established here a large settlement, from which they
+removed about five years later to settle lower down the Tennessee,
+in what were known as the Chickamauga towns or Five Lower towns.
+
+tsiki`--a word which renders emphatic that which it follows: as a`stu,
+"very good," astu` tsiki, "best of all."
+
+tsikiki`--the katydid; the name is an onomatope.
+
+tsi`kilili`--the Carolina chickadee (Parus carolinensis); the name
+is an onomatope.
+
+Tsiksi`tsi (Tuksi`tsi is dialectic form; commonly written
+Tuckasegee)--1. a former Cherokee settlement about the junction of the
+two forks of Tuckasegee, above Webster, in Jackson county, N. C. (not
+to be confounded with Tikwali`tsi, q. v.). 2. A former settlement
+on a branch of Brasstown creek of Hiwassee river, in Towns county,
+Ga. The word has lost its meaning.
+
+Tsi`nawi--a Cherokee wheelwright, perhaps the first in the Nation to
+make a spinning-wheel and loom. The name cannot be analyzed.
+
+tsine`u--"I am picking it (something long) up"; in the Lower and
+Middle dialects, tsinigi`u.
+
+tsinigi`u--see tsine`u.
+
+tsiska`gili--the large red crawfish; the ordinary crawfish is called
+tsistu`na.
+
+tsi`skwa--bird.
+
+tsiskwa`gwa--robin, from tsi`skwa, bird.
+
+Tsiskwa`hi--"Bird place," from tsi`skwa, bird, and hi,
+locative. Birdtown settlement on the East Cherokee reservation,
+in Swain county, N. C.
+
+tsiskwa`ya--sparrow, literally "principal bird" (i. e., most widely
+distributed), from tsi`skwa, bird, and ya, a suffix denoting principal
+or real.
+
+Tsiskwunsdi`adsisti`yi--"where they killed Little-bird," from
+Tsiskwunsdi, "little birds" (plural form.) A place near the head of
+West Buffalo creek, southeast of Robbinsville, in Graham county, N. C.
+
+Tsilalu`hi--"Sweet-gum place," from tsila`lu`, sweet gum (Liquidambar)
+and hi, locative. A former settlement on a small branch of Brasstown
+creek of Hiwassee river, just within the line of Towns county,
+Ga. The name is incorrectly rendered Gum-log (creek).
+
+Tsistetsi`yi--"Mouse place," from tsistetsi, mouse, and yi, locative. A
+former settlement on South Mouse creek, of Hiwassee river, in Bradley
+county, Tenn. The present town of Cleveland, upon the same creek,
+is known to the Cherokee under the same name.
+
+tsist-imo `gosto--"rabbit foods" (plural), from tsi`stu, rabbit,
+and uni`gisti, plural of agi`sti, food, from tsiyi`giu "I am eating"
+(soft food). The wild rose.
+
+tsistu--rabbit.
+
+tsistu`na--crawfish; the large-horned beetle is also so called. The
+large red crawfish is called tsiska`gili.
+
+Tsistu`yi--"Rabbit place," from tsistu, rabbit, and yi,
+locative. 1. Gregory bald, high peak of the Great Smoky range,
+eastward from Little Tennessee river, on the boundary between Swain
+county, N. C., and Blount county, Tenn. 2. A former settlement on
+the north bank of Hiwassee river at the entrance of Chestua creek,
+in Polk county, Tenn, The name of Choastea creek of Tugaloo river, in
+Oconee county, S. C., is probably also a corruption from the same word.
+
+Tsiya`hi--"Otter place," from tsiyu, otter, and yi, locative; variously
+spelled Cheowa, Cheeowhee, Chewohe, Chewe, etc. 1. A former settlement
+on a branch of Keowee river, near the present Cheohee, Oconee county,
+S. C. 2. A former and still existing Cherokee settlement on Cheowa
+river, about Robbinsville, in Graham county, N. C. 3. A former
+settlement in Cades Cove, on Cove creek, in Blount county, Tenn.
+
+Tsi`yi-gunsi`ni--"He is dragging a canoe," from tsi`yu, canoe
+(cf. tsi`yu) otter, and gunsi`ni, "he is dragging it." "Dragging
+Canoe," a prominent leader of the hostile Cherokee in the
+Revolution. The name appears in documents as Cheucunsene and Kunnesee.
+
+Tskil-e`gwa--"Big-witch," from atsikili`, or tskilu`, witch, owl, and
+e`gwa, big; an old man of the East Cherokee, who died in 1896. Although
+translated Big-witch by the whites, the name is understood by the
+Indians to mean Big-owl, having been originally applied to a white
+man living on the same clearing, and noted for his large staring eyes.
+
+tskili` (contracted from atskili`)--1. witch; 2. the dusky-horned owl
+(Bubo virginianus saturatus).
+
+tskwa`yi--the great white heron or American egret. (Herodias egretta).
+
+Tsolungh--see tsalu.
+
+Tsuda`ye lun`yi--"Isolated place"; an isolated peak near the head of
+Cheowa river, northeast of Robbinsville, in Graham county, N. C. The
+root of the word signifies detached, or isolated, whence Uda`ye lun`yi,
+the Cherokee outlet, in Ind. Ter.
+
+Tsunda`talesun`yi--"where pieces fall off," i. e., where the banks are
+caving in; from adatale`i, "it is falling off," ts, distance prefix,
+"there," and yi, locative. The Cherokee name for the present site
+of Memphis, Tenn., overlooking the Mississippi and formerly known as
+the Chickasaw bluff.
+
+Tsu`dinunti`yi--"Throwing-down place"; a former settlement on lower
+Nantahala river, in Macon county, N. C.
+
+Tsugidu`li ulsgi`sti (from tsugidu`li, plural of ugiduli, one of
+the long wing or tail feathers of a bird, and ulsgi`sti or ulsgi`ta,
+a dance)--the feather or eagle dance.
+
+Tsukilunnun`yi--"Where he alighted"; two bald spots on a mountain at
+the head of a Little Snowbird creek, near Robbinsville, Graham county,
+N. C.
+
+tsungili`si--plural of ungili`si, q. v.
+
+tsungini`si--plural of ungini`si, q. v.
+
+tsunkina`tli--"my younger brothers" (male speaking).
+
+tsunkita`--"my younger brothers" (female speaking).
+
+tsula--fox; cf. tsulu, kingfisher and tlutlu` or tsulsu`, martin. The
+black fox is ina`li. The Creek word for fox is chula.
+
+tsula`ski--alligator; the name is of uncertain etymology.
+
+Tsula`sinun`yi--"Footprint place." A place on Tuckasee river, about
+a mile above Deep creek, in Swain county, N. C.
+
+Tsula`wi--see Tsulunwe`i.
+
+Tsule`hisanun`hi--"Resurrected One," from di`gwale`hisanun`hi, "I
+was resurrected." literally, "I was down and have risen." Tsa`lagi`,
+Tsule`hisanunhi, the Cherokee title of the newspaper known to the
+whites as the Cherokee Phoenix. The Cherokee title was devised by
+Worcester and Boudinot as suggesting the idea of the phoenix of
+classic fable. The Indian name of the recent "Cherokee Advocate"
+is Tsa`lagi Asdeli`ski.
+
+Tsul kalu`--"Slanting-eyes," literally "he has them slanting" (or
+leaning up against something); the prefix ts makes it a plural form,
+and the name is understood to refer to the eyes, although the word
+eye (akta`, plural dikta`) is not a part of it. Cf. Ata`-gulkalu. A
+mythic giant and ruler of the game. The name has been corrupted to
+Jutaculla and Tuli-cula. Jutaculla rock and Jutaculla old fields
+about the head of Tuckasegee river, in Jackson, North Carolina,
+take their name from him.
+
+Tsulkalu` tsunegun`yi--see Tsunegun`yi.
+
+tsulie`na--the nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis); the word signifies
+literally "deaf" (a plural form referring to the ear, gule`) although
+no reason is given for such a name.
+
+tsulu--kingfisher. Cf. tsula.
+
+Tsulunwe`i--(abbreviated Tsulun`we or Tsula`wi, possibly connected
+with tsulu, kingfisher)--Chilhowee creek, a north tributary of Little
+Tennessee river, in Blount county, Tennessee.
+
+Tsundanilti`yi--"where they demanded the debt from him"; a place
+on Little Santeetal river, west of Robbinsville, in Graham county,
+North Carolina. The creek also is commonly known by the same name.
+
+Tsundige`wi--"Closed anuses," literally "they have them closed,"
+understood to refer to the anus; from dige`wi, plural of ge`wi,
+closed, stopped up, blind; cf. Tsulkalu`; also Gulisge`wi, "Blind,
+or closed, ears," an old personal name.
+
+Tsun`digwun`tski (contracted from tsun`digwuntsugi, "they have them
+forked," referring to the peculiar forked tail; cf. Tsulkalu`)--a
+migratory bird which once appeared for a short time upon the East
+Cherokee reservation, apparently, from the description, the scissortail
+or swallow-tailed fly-catcher (Milvulus forficatus).
+
+Tsunegun`yi (sometimes called Tsulkalu` Tsunegun`yi)--Tennessee Bald,
+at the extreme head of Tuckasegee river, on the east line of Jackson
+county, North Carolina. The name seems to mean "there where it is
+white," from ts, a prefix indicating distance, une`ga, white, and
+yi, locative.
+
+Tsunil` kalu--the plural form for Tsul kalu, q. v., a traditional
+giant tribe in the west.
+
+tsunis`tsahi--"(those) having topnots or crests," from ustsahu`,
+"having a topknot," ustsahi`, "he has a topknot" (habitually).
+
+Tsuniya`tiga--"Naked People"; literally "They are naked there," from
+uya`tiga, naked (singular), with the prefix ts, indicating distance. A
+traditional western tribe.
+
+tsun-ka`wi-ye`, tsun-sikwa-ya`, tsun-tsu`la-ya`, tsun-wa`ya-ya`--"I
+am (tsun or tsi, verbal prefix) a real (ya, ye, noun suffix) deer"
+(kawi`, archaic for a wi`); opossum, si`kwa; fox, tsula; wolf,
+waya. Archaic song forms.
+
+tsunsdi`--contracted from tsunsdi`ga, the plural of usdi`ga or usdi`,
+small.
+
+Tsunu`lahun`ski--"He tries, but fails" (habitually), from
+detsinu`lahun`ski (q. v.), "I tried, but failed." A former noted chief
+among the East Cherokee, commonly known to the whites as Junaluska. In
+early life he was called Gulkala`ski, a name which denotes something
+habitually falling from a leaning position (cf. Ata-gul kalu` and
+Tsul kalu`).
+
+tsunu` liyu`sunestla`ta--"they have split noses," (from agwaliyu`,
+"I have it," and unestlau`, "it is cracked" (as a crack made by the
+sun's heat in a log or in the earth)); the initial s makes it refer
+to the nose, kayasa`.
+
+Tsusgina`i--"the Ghost country," from asgi`na, "ghost," i, locative,
+and ts, a prefix denoting distance. The land of the dead; it is
+situated in Usunhi`yi, the Twilight land, in the west.
+
+Tsuta`tsinasun`yi--"Eddy place." A place on Cheowa river at the mouth
+of Cochran creek, in Graham county, N. C.
+
+tsutsu`--see tlutlu`.
+
+tsuntu`tsi--see tluntu`tsi.
+
+tsuwa`--the mud-puppy or water dog (Menopoma or Protonopsis).
+
+Tsuwa`tel`da--a contraction of tsuwa`teldun`yi; the name has lost its
+meaning. Pilot Knob, north from Brevard, in Transylvania county, N. C.
+
+Tsuwa`-uniytsun`yi--"where the water-dog laughed." from tsuwa`, q. v.,
+"water-dog," uniye`tsu, "they laughed" (agiyet`sku, "I am laughing")
+and yi, locative; Tusquittee Bald, near Hayesville, in Clay county,
+N. C.
+
+Tsuwe`nahi--A traditional hunter, in communication with the invisible
+people. The name seems to mean "He has them in abundance," an
+irregular or archaic form for Uwe`nai, "he has abundance," "he is
+rich," from agwe`nai`, "I am rich." As a masculine name it is used
+as the equivalent of Richard.
+
+Tuckalechee--see Tikwah`tsi.
+
+Tuckasegee--see Tsiksi`tsi.
+
+Tugaloo--see Dugilu`yi.
+
+tugalu`--the cry of the dagulku, goose.
+
+tugalu`na--a variety of small fish, about four inches long, frequenting
+the larger streams (from galu`na, a gourd, on account of its long
+nose).
+
+tuksi`--the terrapin or land tortoise; also the name of a Cherokee
+chief about the close of the Revolution. Saligu`gi, common turtle;
+soft-shell turtle, U`lana`wa.
+
+Tuksi`tsi--see Tsiksi`tsi.
+
+Tuli-cula--see Tsui`kalu`.
+
+tulsku`wa--"he snaps with his head," from uska`, head; the snapping
+beetle.
+
+Tuna`i--a traditional warrior and medicine man of old Itsa`ti; the
+name cannot be analyzed.
+
+Turkeytown--see Gun-di`gaduhun`yi.
+
+Turniptown--see U`lunyi.
+
+Tuskegee--see Ta`ski`gi.
+
+Tusquittee Bald--see Tsuwa`-uniyetsun`yi.
+
+Tusquittee creek--see Daskwitun`yi.
+
+tu`sti--for tusti`ga, a small bowl; larger jars are called diwa`li
+and unti`ya.
+
+tuti--snowbird.
+
+Tuti`yi--"Snowbird place," from tu`ti, snowbird, and yi,
+locative. Little Snow-bird creek of Cheowa river, in Graham county,
+N. C.
+
+tu`tsahyesi`--"he will marry you."
+
+tu`ya--bean.
+
+tu`ya-diskalaw`sti`ski--see ti`gu.
+
+tu`yahusi`--"she will die."
+
+Tymahse--see Tomassee.
+
+
+
+Uchee--see Ani`-Yu`tsi.
+
+uda`hale`yi--"on the sunny side."
+
+uda`i--the baneberry or cohosh vine (Actaea?). The name signifies
+that the plant has something long hanging from it.
+
+uda`li--"(it is) married"; the mistletoe, so-called on account of
+its parasitic habit.
+
+U`dawagun`ta--"Bald." A bald mountain of the Great Smoky range,
+in Yancy county, N. C., not far from Mount Mitchell.
+
+Udsi`skala--a masculine name.
+
+uga`sita--sour.
+
+u`giska`--"he is swallowing it"; from tsikiu`, "I am eating."
+
+u`guku`--the hooting or barred owl.
+
+ugunste`li (ugunste`lu in dialect form)--the horny-head fish.
+
+Ugun`yi--Tallulah falls, on the river of that name, northeast from
+Clarksville, in Habersham county, Ga. The meaning of the name is lost.
+
+Uilata--see U`tlun`ta.
+
+uk-ku`suntsuteti`--"it will twist up one's arm."
+
+Uk-ku`suntsuti`--"Bent-bow-shape"; a comic masculine name.
+
+Uk-kunagi`sti--"it will draw down one's eye."
+
+Uk-kwunagi`ta--"eye-drawn-down"; a comic masculine name.
+
+uksu`hi--the mountain blacksnake or black racer (coluber obsoletus);
+the name seems to refer to some pecularity of the eye, akta`, uksuhha`,
+"he has something lodged in his eye."
+
+Ukte`na--"Keen-eyed (?)" from akta`, eye, akta`ti, to examine
+closely. A mythic great-horned serpent, with a talismanic diadem.
+
+Ukte`na-tsuganun`yi--"where the Uktena got fastened." A spot on
+Tuckasegee river, about two miles above Bryson City, in Swain county,
+N. C.
+
+Ukwu`nu (or Ukwu`ni)--a former Cherokee settlement, commonly known
+to the whites as Oconee, on Seneca creek, near the present Walhalla,
+in Oconee county, S. C.
+
+Ula`gu`--the mythical original of the yellow-jacket tribe. The word
+signifies "leader," "boss," or "principal one," and is applied to the
+first yellow-jacket (d`ska`i) seen in the spring, to a queen bee and
+to the leader of a working squad.
+
+u`lana`wa--the soft-shell turtle; see also saligu`gi and tuksi`.
+
+ulasu`la--moccasin, shoe.
+
+ule`--and; ule`-nu, and also.
+
+ulskwulte`gi--a "pound mill," a self-acting water-mill used in the
+Cherokee mountains. The name signifies that "it butts with its head"
+(Uska`, head), in allusion to the way in which the pestles work in
+the mortar. The generic word for mill is dist`sti.
+
+ulstitlu`--literally "it is on his head." The diamond crest on the
+head of the mythic Uktena serpent. When detached it becomes Ulunsu`ti.
+
+Ultiwa`i--a former Cherokee settlement above the present Ooltewah,
+on the creek of the same name, in James county, Tenn.
+
+ulunni`ta--domesticated, tame; may be used for persons as well as
+animals, but not for plants; for cultivated or domesticated plants
+the adjective is gunutlun`i or gunusun`i.
+
+Ulunsu`ti--"Transparent"; the great talismanic crystal of the Cherokee.
+
+ulun`ta--"it has climbed," from tsilahi`, "I am climbing"; the poison
+oak (Rhus radicans).
+
+U`lun`yi--"Tuber place," from U`li`, a variety of edible tuber, and yi,
+locative. A former settlement upon Turniptown, (for U`lun`yi) creek,
+above Ellijay, in Gilmer county, Ga.
+
+Unacala--see Uni`gadihi`.
+
+U`nadanti`yi--"Place where they conjured," the name of a gap about
+three miles east of Webster, in Jackson county, N. C., and now
+transferred to the town itself.
+
+unade`na--woolly, downy, (in speaking of animals); uwa`nu, wool,
+down, fine fur (detached from the animal).
+
+u`nahu`--see unahwi`.
+
+u`nahi`--heart; in Middle and Lower dialects, unahu`.
+
+Unaka--see une`ga and Unicoi.
+
+unatlunwe`hitu--"it has spirals"; a plant (unidentified) used in
+conjuration.
+
+une`ga--white.
+
+une`guhi--"he is (was) mischievous or bad"; tsune`guhi`yu, "you are
+very mischievous" (said to a child).
+
+une`gutsatu`--"(he is) mischievous"; a`gine`gutsatu`, "I am
+mischievous."
+
+Une`lanun`hi--"The Apportioner"; "I am apportioning," gane`lasku`;
+"I apportion" (habitually), gane`laski. In the sacred formulas a
+title of the Sun God; in the Bible the name of God.
+
+une`stalun--ice.
+
+Unicoi--the map name of the Unicoi turnpike, of a gap on the watershed
+between Chattahoochee and Hiwassee river, in Georgia, and of a county
+in Tennessee. Probably a corruption of une`ga, white, whence comes
+also Unaka, the present map name of a part of the Great Smoky range.
+
+uni`gisti--foods; singular, agi`sti.
+
+Uniga`yata`ti`yi--"where they made a fish trap," from uga`yatun`i,
+fish trap, and yi, locative; a place on Tuckasegee river, at the
+mouth of Deep creek, near Bryson City, in Swain county, N. C.
+
+Uni`haluna--see Ahalu`na.
+
+Unika`wa--the "Town-house dance," so-called because danced inside
+the town-house.
+
+Une`ga-dihi`--"White-man-killer"; from une`ga, "white," for
+yun`wune`ga, "white person," and dihi`, a noun suffix denoting
+"killer," "he kills them" (habitually). A Cherokee chief, whose name
+appears on the documents about 1790.
+
+ungida`--"thy two elder brothers" (male speaking).
+
+ungini`li--"my elder brother."
+
+ungini`si (plural, tsungini`si)--"my daughter's child."
+
+u`niskwetu`gi--"they wear a hat," ulskwe`tawa`, hat from uska`,
+head. The May apple (Podophyllum).
+
+unistilun`isti--"they stick on along their whole length"; the generic
+name for "stickers" and burrs, including the Spanish needle, cockle
+burr, jimson weed, etc.
+
+uni`tsi--her mother; agitsi`, my mother.
+
+Uniya`hitun`yi--"where they shot it," from tsiya`ihu`. "I shot,"
+and yi, locative. A place on Tuckasegee river a short distance above
+Bryson City, in Swain county, N. C.
+
+Unli`ta--"(He is) long-winded," an archaic form for the regular word,
+gunli`ta; an old masculine name. A chief about the year 1790, known
+to the whites as "The Breath."
+
+Untoola--see Dihiyun`dula`.
+
+Unta`kiyasti`yi--"Where they race," from takiya`ta, a race, and yi,
+locative; locally corrupted to Tahkeyostee. The district on the French
+Broad river, around Asheville, in Buncombe county, N. C. The town
+itself is known to the Cherokee as Kasdu`yi, "Ashes place," (from
+kasdu, ashes, and yi, locative), which is intended as a translation
+of its proper name.
+
+Un`tiguhi`--"Pot in water," from or unti`ya, pot, and guli`, "it is
+in the water" (or other liquid, habitually). The Suck, a dangerous
+rapid in Tennessee river, at the entrance of Suck creek, about eight
+miles below Chattanooga, Tenn.
+
+Untlasgasti`yi--"Where they scratched"; a place at the head of Hyatt's
+creek of Valley river, in Cherokee county, N. C.
+
+Untoola--see Dihyun`dula`.
+
+Untsaili` (also Etsaiyi`, or Tsaiyi`, the first syllable being almost
+silent)--"Brass."
+
+unwada`li--store-house, provision house.
+
+Unwada-tsu`gilasun`--"Where the storehouse (unwada`li) was taken
+off." Either Black Rock or Jones' Knob, northeast of Webster, on the
+east line of Jackson county, N. C.
+
+unun`ti--milk.
+
+usdi`ga (abbreviated usdi`)--small; plural tsunsdi`ga, tsundi`.
+
+usga`se`ti`yu--very dangerous, very terrible; intensive of usga`se`ti.
+
+Uskwale`na--"Big-Head," from uska`, head; a masculine name, perhaps
+the original of the "Bull-head," given by Haywood as the name of a
+former noted Cherokee warrior.
+
+Uskwa`li-gu`ta--"His stomach hangs down," from uskwa`li, his stomach,
+and gu`ta, "it hangs down." A prominent chief of the Revolutionary
+period, known to the whites as Hanging-maw.
+
+U`stana`li (from U`stanala`hi or uni`stana`la (a plural form), denoting
+a natural barrier of rocks (plural) across a stream)--a name occurring
+in several places in the old Cherokee country, and variously spelled
+Eastinaulee, Eastinora, Estanaula, Eustenaree, Istanare, Oostanaula,
+Oostinawley, Ustenary, etc.
+
+u`stuti--see utsu`gi.
+
+Ustu`tli--a traditional dangerous serpent. The name signifies having
+something on the calf of the leg or on the heel, from ustutun`i
+"(his) calf of the leg (attached)." It is applied also to the Southern
+hoop-snake.
+
+Usunhi`yi--the "Darkening land," "where it is always getting dark,"
+as at twilight. The name used for the west in the myths and the sacred
+formulas; the common word is wude`ligun`yi, "there where it (the sun)
+goes down."
+
+u`tanu--great, fully developed. Cf. e`gwa.
+
+utawa`hilu--"hand breadth," from uwa`yi, hand. A figurative term used
+in the myths and sacred formulas.
+
+U`tawagun`ta--"Bald place." A high bald peak in the Great Smoky range
+on the Tenn.-N. C. line, northeast from Big Pigeon river.
+
+U`tlun`ta--"He (or she) has it sharp," i. e., has some sharp part
+or organ; it might be used of a tooth, a finger-nail, or some other
+attached part of the body.
+
+U`tluntun`yi--"U`tlun`ta place"; see U`tlun`ta. A place on Little
+Tennessee river, nearly off Citico creek, in Blount county, Tenn.
+
+U`tsala--"Lichen"; another form of utsale`ta. A Cherokee chief of
+Removal period in 1838.
+
+utsale`ta--lichen, literally "pot scrapings," from a fancied
+resemblance.
+
+utsa`nati`--rattlesnake; the name is of doubtful etymology, but is
+said to refer to the rattle.
+
+Utsa`nati`yi--"Rattlesnake place." Rattlesnake springs, about two
+miles south from Charlestown, Bradley county, Tenn.
+
+utset`sti--"he grins" (habitually). See si`kwa utset`sti.
+
+utsi`--her (his) mother; etsi`, agitsi`, my mother.
+
+Utsi`dsata`--"Corn-tassel," "Thistle-head," etc. It is used as a
+masculine name, and was probably the Cherokee name of the chief of
+Revolutionary times, known as "Old Tassel."
+
+utsu`gi--the tufted titmouse (Parus bicolor); also called u`stuti`,
+"topnot, or tip," on account of its crest.
+
+u`tsuti`--fish. Also, many.
+
+Uwaga`hi (commonly written Ocoee)--"Apricot place," from uwa`ga,
+the "apricot vines," or "maypop," (Passiflora incarnata), and hi,
+locative. A former important settlement on Ocowe river, near its
+junction with Hiwassee, about the present Benton, in Polk county, Tenn.
+
+uwa`yi--hand, paw, generally used with the possessive suffix, as
+uwaye`ni, "his hand."
+
+uwe`la--liver.
+
+uwe`nahi--rich; used also as a personal name.
+
+Uw`tsun`ta--"Bouncer" (habitual); from k`tsi, "it is bouncing." A
+traditional serpent described as moving by jerks like a measuring worm,
+to which also the name is applied.
+
+Uyahye`--a high peak in the Great Smoky range, probably on the line
+between Swain county, N. C., and Sevier county, Tenn.
+
+Uy`gila`gi--abbreviated from Tsuyu`gila`gi, "where there are dams,"
+i. e., beaver dams; from gu`gilu`unsku`, "he is damming it." 1. A
+former settlement on Oothcaloga (Ougillogy) creek of Oostanaula river,
+near the present Calhoun, in Gordon county, Ga.; 2. Beaverdam creek,
+west of Clarksville, in Habbersham county, Ga.
+
+
+
+Valleytown--see Gu`nahitun`yi.
+
+Vengeance creek--see Gansa`ti`yi.
+
+
+
+Wachesa--see Watsi`su.
+
+wadan`--thanks!
+
+wa`di--paint, especially red paint.
+
+wa`dige-aska`li--"his head (is) brown," i. e., "brown-head"; from
+wadige`i, brown, brown-red, and aska`li, head; the copperhead snake.
+
+Wadi`yahi--a feminine name of doubtful etymology. An expert
+basket-making woman among the East Cherokee, who died in 1895. She
+was known to the whites as Mrs. Bushyhead.
+
+Wafford--see Tsuskwanun`ta.
+
+Wa`ginsi--the name of an eddy at the junction of Little Tennessee and
+the main Tennessee rivers at Lenoir, in London county, Tenn. The town
+is now known to the Cherokee by the same name, of which the meaning
+is lost.
+
+waguli`--whippoorwill; the name is an onomatope; the Delaware name
+is wekolis.
+
+Wahnenauhi--see Wani`nahi.
+
+wa`huhu`--the screech-owl.
+
+wa`ka--cow; from the Spanish vaca, as is also the Creek waga and the
+Arapaho wakuch.
+
+wala`si--the common green frog.
+
+Walasi`yi--"Frog place." 1. A former settlement, known to the whites
+as Frogtown, upon the creek of the same name, north of Dahlonega,
+in Lumpkin county, Ga. 2. Le Conte and Bullhead Mountains in the
+Great Smoky range on the N. C.-Tenn. line, together with the ridge
+extending into Sevier county, Tenn., between the Middle and West
+forks of Little Pigeon river.
+
+walas`-unul`sti--"it fights frogs," from wala`si, frog, and unul`sti,
+"it fights" (habitually); gu`lihu`, "I am fighting." The Prosartes
+lanuginosa plant.
+
+Walas`-unulstiyi`--"Place of the plant," walas`-unul`sti, commonly
+known to the whites as Fightingtown, from a translation of the latter
+part of a name; a former settlement on Fighting creek, near Morgantown,
+in Fannin county, Ga.
+
+Walini`--a feminine name, compounded from Wali, another form of Kwali,
+"Polly," with a suffix added for euphony.
+
+Wane`-asun`tlunyi--"Hickory footlog place," from wane`i, hickory,
+asun-tlun`i (q. v.), footlog, bridge, and yi, locative. A former
+settlement, known to the whites as Hickory-log, on Etowah river,
+a short distance above Canton, in Cherokee county, Ga.
+
+Wani`nahi`--a feminine name of uncertain etymology; the Wahnenauhi
+of the Wahnenauhi manuscript.
+
+Washington--see Wa`situ`na.
+
+Wa`si--the Cherokee form for Moses.
+
+Wa`situ`na, Wa`suntu`na (different dialect forms)--a Cherokee known to
+the whites as Washington, the sole survivor of a Removal tragedy. The
+name denotes a hollow log (or other cylindrical object) lying on the
+ground at a distance; the root of the word is asi`ta, log, and the
+w prefix indicates distance.
+
+Wa`sulu`--a large red-brown moth which flies about blossoming tobacco
+in the evening.
+
+Wata`gi (commonly written Watauga, also Wataga, Wattoogee, Whatoga,
+etc.)--a name occurring in two or more towns in the old Cherokee
+country; one was an important settlement on Watauga creek of Little
+Tennessee river, a few miles below Franklin, in Macon county, N. C.;
+another was traditionally located at Watauga Old Fields, about the
+present Elizabethton on Wateuga river, in Carter county, Tenn. The
+meaning is lost.
+
+Watau`ga--see Wata`gi.
+
+Watsi`sa--a prominent old Cherokee, known to the whites as Wachesa, a
+name which cannot be translated, who formerly lived on Beaverdam creek
+of Hiwassee river, below Murphy, in Cherokee county, N. C. From the
+fact that the Unicoi turnpike passed near his place, it was locally
+known as Wachesa trail.
+
+wa`ya--wolf; an onomatope, an imitation of the animal's howl; cf. the
+Creek name, yaha.
+
+Wa`ya`hi--"Wolf place," i. e., place of the Wolf clan; the form
+Ani`Wa`ya`hi is not used. Wolftown settlement on upper Soco creek,
+on the East Cherokee reservation, in Jackson county, N. C.
+
+Waya Gap--see A`tahi`ta.
+
+Wayeh--see Wayi.
+
+Wayi--"Pigeon"; the modern Cherokee name for Big Pigeon river, in
+western N. C.; probably a translation of the English name. It appears
+also as Wayeh.
+
+Welch, Lloyd--see Da`si`giya`gi.
+
+wesa--cat.
+
+White-path--see Nunna`hi-tsune`ga.
+
+Willstown--a former important settlement, so-called from the half-breed
+chief known to the whites as Red-headed Will, on Will's creek below
+Fort Payne, in Dekalb county, Ala. The settlement was frequently
+called from him Wili`yi, "Will's place," but this was not the proper
+local name.
+
+Wilsini`--The Cherokee name for H. W. Spray, agent and superintendent
+for the East Cherokee reservation; an adaptation of his middle name,
+Wilson.
+
+Wil-usdi`--"Little Will," from Wili`, Will and usdi`ga or usdi`,
+little. The Cherokee name for Colonel W. H. Thomas, for many years
+the recognized chief of the eastern band.
+
+Wissactaw--see gahawi`stia.
+
+Wolftown--see Wa`ya`hi.
+
+Wootassite--see Outacity.
+
+Wrosetasatow--see Outacity.
+
+Wude`ligun`yi--the west; literally "there where it (the sun) goes
+down," (w prefixed implies distance, yi, locative). See also Usunhi`yi
+and wusuhihun`yi.
+
+Wuliga`natutun--excelling all others, either good or bad; it may be
+used as equivalent to wastun, "beyond the limit."
+
+wusuhihun`yi--"there where they stay over night," i. e., "the west." An
+archaic term used by the narrator of the story of Untsaiyi`.
+
+
+
+Xuala--see Ani-Suwa`li.
+
+
+
+ya--a suffix denoting principal or real, as tsiskwa`ya, "principal
+bird," the sparrow; Ani`-Yunwiya`, "principal or real people," Indians.
+
+Yahula`li--"Yahu`la place," from Yuhu`la, a Cherokee trader said to
+have been taken by the spirit people; Yahu`la, seems to be from the
+Creek yoho`lo, a name having reference to the song (yoholo), used in
+the "black drink" ceremony of the Creeks; thus a`si-yoho`lo, corrupted
+into Osceola, signified "the black drink song"; it may, however,
+be a true Cherokee word, yahu`lu or yahu`li, the name for a variety
+of hickory, also for the "doodle-bug"; Unyahu`la is a feminine name,
+but cannot be translated. Yahoola creek, near Dahlonega, in Lumpkin
+county, Ga.
+
+Yala`gi--Alarka creek of Little Tennessee river, above the junction
+of Tuckasegee, in Swain county, N. C.; the meaning of the name is lost.
+
+yandaska`ga--a faultfinder.
+
+Yan-e`gwa--"Big-Bear," from yanu, bear, and egwa, great, large. A
+prominent chief about the year 1800; the name occurs in treaties as
+Yonah, Yohanaqua and Yonahequah.
+
+ya`nu--bear.
+
+Ya`nu-dinehun`yi--"where the bears live," from yanu, bear, dinehu`,
+"they dwell" (e`hu, "I dwell, I live") and yi, locative. A place on
+Oconaluftee river, a short distance above the junction with Tuckasegee,
+in Swain county, N. C.
+
+Yanugun`ski--"the bear drowns him" (habitually), from yanu, bear,
+and tsigun`iska`, "I am drowning him." A noted East Cherokee chief,
+known to the whites as Yonaguska or Drowning-bear.
+
+yan`-utse`stu--"The bear lies on it"; the shield fern (Aspidium).
+
+Ya`nu-u`natawasti`yi--"where the bears wash," (from yanu, bear, and
+yi, locative); a former pond in the Great Smoky Mountains, about the
+head of Raven Fork, in Swain county, N. C.
+
+Yawa`i--"Yawa place"; a place on Yellow creek of Cheowa river, in
+Graham county, N. C.
+
+Yellow-Hill--see Elawa`diyi.
+
+Yohanaqua--see Yan-e`gwa.
+
+yoho-o!--an unmeaning song refrain.
+
+Yonaguska--see Ya`nugun`ski.
+
+Yonah--1. (mountain) see Gadalu`lu. 2. An abbreviated treaty form
+for the name of the chief Yana`gwa.
+
+Yonahequah--see Yan-e`gwa.
+
+Ytaua, Ytava--see I`tawa`.
+
+Yu!--an unmeaning song refrain and interjection.
+
+Yuha`li--Euharlee creek, of lower Etowah river, in Bartow county,
+Ga. The name is said by the Cherokee to be a corruption of Yufala
+(Eufaula), a well known Creek local name.
+
+yunsu`--buffalo; cf. Creek yena`sa, Choctaw yanash, Hichitee ya`nasi.
+
+Yunsa`i--"Buffalo place"; West Buffalo creek of Cheowa river in Graham
+county, N. C.; the site of a former Cherokee settlement.
+
+yun`wi--person, man.
+
+Yun`wi Ama`yine`hi--"Water-dwelling people," from yun`wi, person,
+and ama`yine`hi, plural of amaye`hi, q. v.; a race of water fairies.
+
+Yun`wi Gunahi`ta--"Long Man"; a formulistic name for the river,
+personified as a man with his head resting on the mountain and his
+feet stretching down to the lowlands, who is constantly speaking to
+those who can understand the message.
+
+Yun`wini`gisgi--"man-eaters," literally, "They eat people"
+(habitually), from yun`wi, person, man, and uni, giski, "they eat"
+(habitually), from tsikiu`, "I am eating"; the Cherokee name for a
+distant cannibal tribe, possibly the Atakapa or the Tonkawa.
+
+Yun`wi-tsulenun`yi--"where man stood," originally yun`wi-dikatagun`yi,
+"where the man stands," from yun`wi, person, man, tsita`ga, "I am
+standing," and yi, locative; Standing Indian, a high bald mountain
+at the head of Nantahala river, in Macon county, N. C.
+
+Yun`wi Tsunsdi`--"little people," from yun`wi, person, people,
+and tsunsdi`ga or tsunsdi, plural of usdi`ga or usdi`, little; the
+Cherokee fairies.
+
+Yun`wi Usdi`--"little man." A formulistic name for ginseng,
+a`tali-guli`, q. v.
+
+Yun`wi-usga`se`ti--"dangerous man, terrible man"; a traditional leader
+in the westward migration of Cherokee.
+
+Yun`wiya`--"Indian," literally, "principal or real person," from
+yun`wi, person, and ya, a suffix denoting principal or real.
+
+yu`we-yuwehe`--an unmeaning song refrain.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NOTE
+
+[1] Colonel Thomas.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Occoneechee, by Robert Frank Jarrett
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 53375 ***
diff --git a/53375-h/53375-h.htm b/53375-h/53375-h.htm
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-

-The Project Gutenberg EBook of Occoneechee, by Robert Frank Jarrett

-

-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most

-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions

-whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of

-the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at

-www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll have

-to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.

-

-Title: Occoneechee

-       The Maid of the Mystic Lake

-

-Author: Robert Frank Jarrett

-

-Release Date: October 27, 2016 [EBook #53375]

-

-Language: English

-

-Character set encoding: ASCII

-

-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OCCONEECHEE ***

-

-

-

-

-Produced by Jeroen Hellingman and the Online Distributed

-Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net/ for Project

-Gutenberg (This file was produced from images generously

-made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-</pre>

-

-<div class="front">

-<div class="div1 cover"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="figure xd23e92width"><img src="images/new-cover.jpg" alt=

-"Newly Designed Front Cover." width="480" height="720"></div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div1 frontispiece"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="figure xd23e99width" id="frontispiece"><img src=

-"images/frontispiece.jpg" alt="Robert Frank Jarrett" width="466"

-height="720">

-<p class="figureHead">Robert Frank Jarrett</p>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div1 titlepage"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="figure xd23e106width"><img src="images/titlepage.png" alt=

-"Original Title Page." width="458" height="720"></div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="titlePage">

-<div class="docTitle">

-<div class="mainTitle">Occoneechee</div>

-<div class="subTitle">The Maid of the Mystic Lake</div>

-</div>

-<div class="byline">BY<br>

-<span class="docAuthor">ROBERT FRANK JARRETT</span><br>

-Author of &ldquo;Back Home and Other Poems&rdquo;</div>

-<div class="docImprint">THE SHAKESPEARE PRESS<br>

-410 E. 32d Street<br>

-New York<br>

-<span class="docDate">1916</span></div>

-</div>

-<div class="div1 copyright"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first xd23e136">Copyrighted, 1916<br>

-By R. F. Jarrett <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb3" href="#pb3" name=

-"pb3">3</a>]</span></p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div1 preface"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h2 class="main">PREFACE.</h2>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">Realizing that the memory of a nation is best kept

-aglow by its songs and the writings of its poets, I have been inspired

-to write OCCONEECHEE, in order that the once powerful nation known as

-the Cherokee may be preserved in mind, and that their myths, their

-legends and their traditions may linger and be transmitted to the

-nations yet to come.</p>

-<p class="par">Trusting that a generous people may hail with delight

-the advent of this new work, I now dedicate its pages to all lovers of

-music, poetry and fine art.</p>

-<div class="lgouter">

-<p class="line">When you&rsquo;ve read its pages give or lend</p>

-<p class="line">This volume to some good old friend.</p>

-</div>

-<p class="par first signed"><span class="sc">The Author.</span>

-<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb4" href="#pb4" name=

-"pb4">4</a>]</span></p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div1 biography"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h2 class="main">BRIEF BIOGRAPHY OF THE AUTHOR.</h2>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">Robert Frank Jarrett was born in Asheville, N. C.,

-on July 21st, 1864, and while having resided in other states and cities

-and visited many of the most important sections of the South, yet has

-made his principal home within the shadows of the rugged mountain peaks

-of his native and picturesque home land, the Old North State.</p>

-<p class="par">He was educated in the field and forest, by rippling

-stream and rolling rill, studied in the open book of Nature and recited

-to the Master of Destinies where the shadows of the everlasting hills

-lock hands with the sunshine of the valley.</p>

-<p class="par">He is a reader and student of the ancient writers and

-poets of all ages, singer of the old songs, lover of the new;</p>

-<p class="par">Servant in official capacity for many years of National,

-State and Civic governments; humble worker with the busy toilers, and

-writer of prose and verse from earliest childhood;</p>

-<p class="par">Author of &ldquo;Back Home and Other Poems,&rdquo;

-published in 1911, and many other manuscripts not yet published.</p>

-<p class="par">Married to Sallie C. Wild, of Franklin, N. C., on Dec.

-25th, 1892. For twenty years a resident of Dillsboro, N. C., where

-orchard and field and dense deep forests have inspired and impelled him

-on. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb5" href="#pb5" name=

-"pb5">5</a>]</span></p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div id="toc" class="div1 contents"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h2 class="main">CONTENTS</h2>

-<ul>

-<li>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum"><span class="sc">Page</span></span></li>

-<li>Part I. <a href="#pt1">The Cherokee</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">7</span></li>

-<li>Part II. <a href="#pt2">Occoneechee</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">21</span></li>

-<li>Part III. <a href="#pt3">Myths of the Cherokee</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">127</span></li>

-<li>Part IV. <a href="#pt4">Glossary of Cherokee Words</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">197</span></li>

-</ul>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div1 contents"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h2 class="main">ILLUSTRATIONS</h2>

-<ul>

-<li><a href="#frontispiece">Portrait of Robert Frank Jarrett</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">Frontispiece</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p009">Tuckaseigee Falls, above Dillsboro</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">9</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p021">Along Scott&rsquo;s Creek, below Balsam</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">21</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p026-1">Sunset from Mt. Junaluska</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">26</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p026-2">Lake Junaluska, near Waynesville</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">26</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p037-1">A Glimpse of the Craggies</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">37</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p037-2">From Top of Chimney Rock</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">37</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p037-3">Graybeard Mountain</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">37</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p037-4">Chimney Top</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">37</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p043-1">Upper Catawba Falls, Esmeralda</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">43</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p043-2">Occoneechee Falls, Jackson County</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">43</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p043-3">In the Cherokee Country</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">43</span><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb6" href="#pb6"

-name="pb6">6</a>]</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p043-4">Whitewater Falls</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">43</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p051-1">The Balsam Mountains in Jackson Co.</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">51</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p051-2">North from Sunset Rock, Tryon Mt.</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">51</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p067-1">Balsam Mountains</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">67</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p067-2">From Bald Rock</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">67</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p073">Lower Cullasaja Falls</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">73</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p077-1">Mount Pisgah</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">77</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p077-2">Indian Mound, Franklin, N. C.</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">77</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p081">Tallulah Falls, Ga.</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">81</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p091-1">Whiteside Mountain</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">91</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p099-1">Tennessee River, above Franklin</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">99</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p099-2">Lake Toxaway</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">99</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p107-1">Tomb of Junaluska, Robbinsville</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">107</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p107-2">Where the Serpent Coiled</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">107</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p117-1">Harvesting at Cullowhee, N. C.</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">117</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p117-2">Craggy Mountains from near Asheville</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">117</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p129-1">Sequoya</a>, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

-<span class="tocPageNum">129</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p129-2">John Ax, the Great Story Teller</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">129</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p129-3">Everglades of Florida</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">129</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p139">Tuckaseigee River</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">139</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p153-1">Kanuga Lake</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">153</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p153-2">Lake Fairfield</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">153</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p153-3">Pacolet River, Hendersonville</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">153</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p171-1">A Cherokee Indian Ball Team</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">171</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p171-2">The Pools, Chimney Rock</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">171</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p185-1">French Broad River</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">185</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p185-2">Broad River</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">185</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p191-1">From the Toxaway</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">191</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p191-2">Chimney Top Gap</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">191</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p197">Chimney Rock</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">197</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p237-2">Occonestee Falls</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">237</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p237-2">Linville Falls</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">237</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p237-3">Triple Falls, Buck Forest</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">237</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p284-1">High Falls, Buck Forest</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">284</span></li>

-<li><a href="#p284-2">Melrose Falls, Tryon, N. C.</a>,

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=

-"tocPageNum">284</span></li>

-</ul>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb7" href="#pb7" name=

-"pb7">7</a>]</span></p>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="body">

-<div id="pt1" class="div0 part">

-<h2 class="label">PART I</h2>

-<h2 class="main">THE CHEROKEE</h2>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb8" href="#pb8" name=

-"pb8">8</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lgouter">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;I know not how the truth may be,</p>

-<p class="line">I tell the tale as &rsquo;twas told to me.&rdquo;</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb9" href="#pb9" name=

-"pb9">9</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="div1 contents"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h2 class="main">THE CHEROKEE.</h2>

-<h2 class="sub"><i>A brief history of the Cherokee Nation or

-tribe.</i></h2>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">This history has been gleaned from the works of

-Ethnology by James Mooney and from word of mouth, as related to the

-author during the past thirty years.</p>

-<p class="par">In the beginning of historical events, we hear of man in

-his paradisaical home, located somewhere within the boundaries known as

-ancient Egypt or Chaldea. His home was far away and his former history

-shrouded in the darkness of countless centuries of the past, and when

-we contemplate the remoteness of his ancestry, we become lost in the

-midst of our own research.</p>

-<p class="par">When historical light began to flash from the Orient, we

-find man emerging with some degree of civilization from a barbaric

-state into the advanced degrees of civilized and enlightened

-tribes.</p>

-<p class="par">When the maritime navigator, full of visions and dreams,

-dared to sail for those hitherto undiscovered shores, now known as

-America, there lived within the realm a wandering, happy, yet

-untutored, race of men whom we afterwards called Indians, who dwelt in

-great numbers along the whole distance from Penobscot Bay south to the

-everglades of Florida.</p>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="figure xd23e532width" id="p009"><img src="images/p009.jpg"

-alt="Tuckaseigee Falls, above Dillsboro, N. C." width="462" height=

-"720">

-<p class="figureHead">Tuckaseigee Falls, above Dillsboro, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="q">

-<div class="body">

-<div class="lgouter">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;All along the racing river</p>

-<p class="line">Gorgeous forest trees are seen.&rdquo;</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<p class="par">Among the more noted tribes were the Abnaki, Mohawk,

-Mohican, Huron, Iroquois, Munsi, Erie, Seneca, Susquehanna, Mamrahoac,

-Powhatan, Monacan, Nollaway, Tuscarora, Pamlico, Catawba, Santee,

-Uchee, Yamasee, Creek, Choctaw, Seminole, Showano and Cherokee, but of

-all of these it is left for us to speak alone of the valiant Cherokee,

-the most noble of all Red <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb10" href=

-"#pb10" name="pb10">10</a>]</span>Men, who inhabited that picturesque

-country in the Appalachian chain of mountains in East Tennessee,

-Western North Carolina, Northern Georgia, South Carolina and Alabama,

-and part of Virginia, Kentucky and West Virginia.</p>

-<p class="par">These are the people of whom little has been said and

-less written than most of the children of men. Yet of all of the native

-Americans the Cherokee tribe was the most noble, humane and

-intelligent.</p>

-<p class="par">Somewhere in the annals of the Aborigines of America,

-the Cherokee separated from the great Northern tribe, the Iroquois, and

-by preference inhabited the hills of the Appalachian range, and here we

-find them early in the dawn of American history, occupying a country

-which affords ample environment for the artist, the poet and the

-painter. Had Homer seen and Michelangelo traveled among the towering

-hills of the happiest land of earth, the song and the chisel, instead

-of being draped with the vail of blood, would have inspired the world

-to look forward to the time when there will be no death serenely

-sitting upon the throne of war.</p>

-<p class="par">At one time the Cherokee tribe was the largest and most

-learned in art and literature of any tribe in the United States, having

-perhaps as many as twenty-five thousand people, and attained, under

-Sequoya, whose photograph is herein reproduced, that degree of

-learning, that many of the tribe became quite familiar with letters and

-literature, printed from the alphabet invented by this noted man,

-inventor and devout preacher of the Christian gospel.</p>

-<p class="par">Sequoya was himself an untutored half-breed, yet to him

-are we indebted for an alphabet of 76 characters which stands third

-among the alphabets which have been invented among men, and by which a

-Cherokee child <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb11" href="#pb11" name=

-"pb11">11</a>]</span>learns to read as fluently in six months of study

-as does the average English child in three years of study under our

-system.</p>

-<p class="par">The name Cherokee, so far as research reveals, has no

-meaning or the meaning has been lost or perhaps Anglicized, but we have

-authority for its use, for the past 375 years.</p>

-<p class="par">When De Soto&rsquo;s expedition was made through the

-Appalachian mountains, in 1540, he encountered this great and friendly

-nation living peacefully in their paradise among the hills and

-mountains, who received him as they were wont to receive a friendly

-tribe; so did they ever receive and treat the white neighbor until

-treaty after treaty had been broken and their homes had been destroyed

-and every compact violated.</p>

-<p class="par">Hostilities were in most cases caused by encroaching

-whites and broken promises and intrigues of the foreigners, who were

-gradually drawing the cordon around the diminishing tribe.</p>

-<p class="par">The battle of Horseshoe Bend, which took place in the

-Tallapoosa river, in Alabama, on the 27th day of March, 1814, was one

-of the notable events in Cherokee history, where Junaluska, in

-conjunction with General Jackson, slaughtered or massacred nearly one

-thousand Creeks, which ended the Creek war and brought much honor to

-Junaluska and his valiant Cherokee army of more than 500 men.</p>

-<p class="par">For the terrors which followed the battle of Horseshoe

-Bend, we have only to refer to history to be able to ascertain the

-facts concerning the bloody atrocities which were perpetrated upon an

-oppressed people. Then came the end, which occurred in the year 1838,

-which culminated in the removal of the band to the Indian Territory,

-which is now called Oklahoma, (a Choctaw word meaning red people, Okla,

-people; homa, red). <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb12" href="#pb12"

-name="pb12">12</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">This removal was the most luckless and recreant of all

-the abuses that had been heaped upon the brave but helpless band of

-Cherokee.</p>

-<p class="par">Junaluska, who witnessed the removal, but was permitted

-to remain with the residue, remarked that had he known that General

-Jackson (who became President), would have removed the Cherokee in such

-a brutal manner, he would have killed him at the battle of Horseshoe

-Bend.</p>

-<p class="par">The history of the removal of the Cherokee, as told by

-James Mooney of the Department of American Ethnology, gleaned by him

-from eye witnesses and actors in the tragedy, may well exceed in weight

-of grief and pathos any other act in American history. Even the much

-sung song of the exile of the Arcadians falls far behind it in the sum

-of death and misery.</p>

-<p class="par">Under General Winfield Scott, an army of 5,000

-volunteers and regular troops were concentrated in the Cherokee

-country, and by instruction from Washington, D. C., he was directed and

-gave orders to soldiers to gather all Indians to the various stockades,

-which had been previously prepared for their reception. From these

-posts, squads of soldiers were sent to search out, with rifle and

-bayonet, every small cabin which could be found within the

-ramifications and deep recesses of the great Appalachian range of

-mountains, and bring to the forts every man, woman and child to be

-found within the gates of the granite hills.</p>

-<p class="par">Families, while sitting peacefully at the noon-day meal;

-others while performing the matutinal ablution, were suddenly startled

-by the gleam of bayonets and with blows, curses and oaths from the men

-called soldiers, the Indians were driven like cattle from their humble

-homes down the rugged mountain paths, and their houses in <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb13" href="#pb13" name="pb13">13</a>]</span>many

-cases were burned and their small possessions destroyed, as the brave

-but defenceless Cherokee people looked on with that wonderful stoicism

-which no other race of men ever possessed.</p>

-<p class="par">Men were seized in the fields, women torn from the wheel

-and the distaff, and children frightened from the pleasures of play.

-The vandals who followed in the wake of the soldiery, looting and

-pillaging, burning and destroying, yet calling themselves civilized

-Christians, were such a band of outlaws as is seldom seen even among

-the most savage and barbaric races.</p>

-<p class="par">Even Indian graves were robbed of the silver pendants

-and other valuables which had been deposited with the dead. Women who

-were not able to go, were actually forced at the point of a bayonet to

-march with the same speed as men.</p>

-<p class="par">Upon one occasion the soldiers surrounded the house of

-an old Christian patriot, who when informed as to what was to take

-place, called his wife, children and grandchildren around him, kneeling

-down among them offered a last prayer in the sanctuary of his home, in

-his native tongue, while the soldiers stood astonished, looking on in

-silence.</p>

-<p class="par">When his devotions were finished, he arose, bade the

-household follow him, and he led them into exile, with that becoming

-Christian fortitude which is seldom witnessed among men.</p>

-<p class="par">One woman, on finding the house surrounded, went to the

-door and called up the chickens, fed them for the last time, bade them

-farewell, then taking her baby upon her back, she extended her hands to

-her other two small children, then followed her husband into exile,

-from whence she never returned.</p>

-<p class="par">A Georgia volunteer, who afterwards became a

-<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb14" href="#pb14" name=

-"pb14">14</a>]</span>Colonel in the Confederate service, said, &ldquo;I

-have fought through the Civil War and have seen men shot to pieces and

-slaughtered by the thousands, but the Cherokee removal was the most

-cruel work I ever witnessed.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">All were not thus so submissive. One old man named

-Tsali, &ldquo;Charlie,&rdquo; was seized, with his wife, his brother,

-his three sons and their families; exasperated at the brutality

-accorded his wife, who being unable to travel fast, was prodded with

-the bayonets to hasten her steps, he urged the other men to join him in

-a dash for liberty, and as he spoke in Cherokee, the soldiers, although

-they heard, understood nothing until each warrior suddenly sprang upon

-the soldier nearest and endeavored to wrench his gun from him. The

-attack was so sudden and unexpected that one soldier was killed and the

-rest fled, while the Indians escaped to the mountains. Hundreds of

-others, some of them from the various stockades, managed also to escape

-to the hills and mountains from time to time, where those who did not

-die from starvation subsisted on roots and wild berries until the hunt

-was over.</p>

-<p class="par">Finding that it was impossible to secure these

-fugitives, General Scott finally tendered them a proposition, through

-Colonel W. H. Thomas, known as Wil-Usdi in Cherokee, their trusted

-friend and chief, that if they would bring Charlie and his party for

-punishment, the rest would be allowed to remain until their case could

-be adjusted by the Government.</p>

-<p class="par">On hearing of the proposition, Charlie voluntarily came

-in with his sons, offering himself as a sacrifice for his people.</p>

-<p class="par">By command of General Scott, Charlie, his brother and

-the two elder sons were shot, near the mouth of Tuckaseigee river, a

-detachment of Cherokee prisoners <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb15"

-href="#pb15" name="pb15">15</a>]</span>being compelled to do the

-shooting in order to impress upon the Indians the fact of their utter

-helplessness.</p>

-<p class="par">From those fugitives thus permitted to remain,

-originated the present eastern band of Cherokee.</p>

-<p class="par">When nearly 17,000 Cherokee had been gathered into the

-stockades, the removal began.</p>

-<p class="par">Early in June several parties, aggregating about five

-thousand persons, were brought down by the troops to the old agency on

-Hiwassee river, at the present Calhoun, Tenn., and to Ross landing (now

-Chattanooga, Tenn.) and to Gunter&rsquo;s landing (now Guntersville,

-Ala.) lower down on the Tennessee, where they were put upon steamers

-and transported down the Tennessee and Ohio to the farther side of the

-Mississippi, whence their journey was continued by land to Indian

-Territory (now Oklahoma).</p>

-<p class="par">The removal in the the hottest part of the year was

-attended with so great sickness and mortality that, by resolution of

-the Cherokee National Council, John Ross and the other chiefs submitted

-to General Scott a proposition that the Cherokee be allowed to remove

-themselves in the fall, after the sickly season ended. This was granted

-on condition that all should have started by the 20th of October,

-except the sick and aged, who might not be able to move so rapidly.

-Accordingly, officers were appointed by the Cherokee council to take

-charge of the emigration; the Indians being organized into detachments

-averaging one thousand each, with two leaders in charge of each

-department, and a sufficient number of wagons and horses for the

-purpose.</p>

-<p class="par">In this way the remainder, enrolled at about 13,000,

-(including a few negro slaves), started on the long march overland late

-in the fall. Those who thus emigrated under the management of their own

-officers, assembled <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb16" href="#pb16"

-name="pb16">16</a>]</span>at Rattlesnake Springs, near the present

-Charleston, Tenn., where a final council was held, in which it was

-decided to continue their old constitution and laws in their new home.

-Then, in October, 1838, the long procession of exiles was set in

-motion. A few went by the river route, but nearly all went overland.

-Crossing, to the north side of the Hiwassee river, at a ferry above

-Gunter&rsquo;s Creek, they proceeded down along the river, the sick,

-aged and children, together with their belongings, being hauled in

-wagons, the rest on foot or on horses.</p>

-<p class="par">It was like an army, 645 wagons, regiment after

-regiment, the wagons in the center, the officers along the line, and

-the horsemen on the flank and at the rear.</p>

-<p class="par">Tennessee river was crossed at Tucker&rsquo;s ferry, a

-short distance above Jolly&rsquo;s Island, at the mouth of Hiwassee;

-thence the route lay south of Pikeville, through McMinnville, and on to

-Nashville, where the Cumberland was crossed.</p>

-<p class="par">They then went on to Hopkinsville, where the noted chief

-White Path, in charge of a detachment, sickened and died. His people

-buried him by the roadside, with a box over the grave and poles with

-streamers around it, that the others coming on behind might note the

-spot and remember him.</p>

-<p class="par">Somewhere along that march of death&mdash;for the exiles

-died by tens and twenties every day of the journey&mdash;the devoted

-wife of the noted chief, John Ross, sank down and died, leaving him to

-go on with bitter pain of bereavement added to the heartbreak at the

-ruin and desolation of his nation.</p>

-<p class="par">The Ohio was crossed at a ferry near the mouth of the

-Cumberland, and the army passed on through southern Illinois until the

-great Mississippi was reached, opposite <span class="pagenum">[<a id=

-"pb17" href="#pb17" name="pb17">17</a>]</span>Cape Girardean, Missouri.

-It was now the middle of winter, with the river running full of ice, so

-that several detachments were obliged to wait some time on the eastern

-bank for the channel to become clear.</p>

-<p class="par">Information furnished by old men at Tahlequah after the

-lapse of fifty years showed that time had not sufficed to wipe out the

-memory of the miseries of that halt beside the frozen river, with

-hundreds of sick and dying penned up in wagons or stretched upon the

-ground, with only a blanket overhead to keep out the January blast.</p>

-<p class="par">The crossing was at last made, in two divisions, at Cape

-Girardean and Green&rsquo;s ferry, a short distance below, whence the

-march was continued on through Missouri to Indian Territory, the later

-detachment making a northerly circuit by Springfield, because those who

-had gone before had killed off all the game along the direct route.</p>

-<p class="par">They had started in October, 1838, and it was now March,

-1839, the journey having occupied nearly six months of the hardest part

-of the year.</p>

-<p class="par">It is difficult to state positively as to the mortality

-and loss by reason of the removal of this once happy nation, but as

-near as can be ascertained, more than four thousand persons perished

-along the great highway of death.</p>

-<p class="par">On the arrival in Indian Territory, the exiles at once

-set about building houses and planting crops, the government having

-agreed under treaty to furnish them rations for one year after arrival.

-They were welcomed by their kindred, the &ldquo;Old Settlers,&rdquo;

-who held the country under previous treaties of 1828 and 1833. These,

-however, being already regularly organized under a government and

-chiefs of their own, were by no means disposed to be swallowed by the

-governmental authority of the newcomers. <span class="pagenum">[<a id=

-"pb18" href="#pb18" name="pb18">18</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Jealousies developed, in which the minority or treaty

-party of the emigrants, headed by Major Ridge, took sides with the old

-settlers against John Ross of the National party, which outnumbered the

-others nearly three to one.</p>

-<p class="par">While these differences were at their height, the Nation

-was thrown into a fever of excitement by the news that Major Ridge, his

-son, John Ridge, and Elias Boudinot&mdash;all leaders of the treaty

-party&mdash;had been killed by adherents of the National party,

-immediately after the adjournment of a general council, which had

-adjourned after nearly two weeks of debate without having been able to

-bring about harmonious action. Major Ridge was waylaid and shot near

-the Arkansas line, his son was taken from bed and cut to pieces with

-hatchets, while Boudinot was treacherously killed at his home at Park

-Hill, Indian Territory, all three being killed upon the same day, June

-22, 1839, which date marks the decline and fall of a once great and

-happy people. For fifty years which followed this luckless day in June,

-Indian Territory became a veritable theater of crime and disorder.</p>

-<p class="par">From the South meridian of the sunflower state, to the

-cypress banks of the Red river, and from Fort Smith to the shifting

-sands of the great plains, for half a century sheltered a coterie of

-actors that would have made Robin Hood or Kit Carson blush with envy.

-The soil of the five tribes has been moistened with human blood when

-there was none to answer the cry for vengeance; when no sound save the

-deadly snap of the Winchester and the pit-pat of the bronchos' hoofs

-were there to bear testimony. Now, those who incited intrigue and

-murder are gone, the desperado is a thing of the past, the brave men

-who enlisted in the hazardous governmental service <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb19" href="#pb19" name="pb19">19</a>]</span>to give

-them battle have disappeared, and the sound of the firing Winchester

-used in deadly conflict, has been replaced by the reaper and the mower,

-and toilers in the field of commerce and industry.</p>

-<p class="par">The Indian tribe has been supplanted by the American

-Government; and the school and church have taken the place of the chase

-and the feud. Where the wild flowers nodded far out on the lonely

-plain, vast fields of wheat and corn whisper the great name of

-Oklahoma.</p>

-<p class="par">At this writing the eastern band of Cherokee is about to

-be dissolved, their lands allotted, and in a few more decades the

-Cherokee will have passed, and the name will be presented only in old

-records and in the hearts of their descendants. <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb21" href="#pb21" name="pb21">21</a>]</span></p>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div id="pt2" class="div0 part">

-<h2 class="label">PART II</h2>

-<h2 class="main">OCCONEECHEE</h2>

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="figure xd23e664width" id="p021"><img src="images/p021.jpg"

-alt="Along Scott&rsquo;s Creek, below Balsam, N. C." width="462"

-height="720">

-<p class="figureHead">Along Scott&rsquo;s Creek, below Balsam, N.

-C.</p>

-<p class="par first">(Highest railway point East of the Rocky Mts.)</p>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="q">

-<div class="body">

-<div class="lgouter">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Rippling, idling, swirling slowly,</p>

-<p class="line">Leaping down a waterfall.&rdquo;</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-</div>

-<p class="par"><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb23" href="#pb23" name=

-"pb23">23</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="div1 poem"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h2 class="main">OCCONEECHEE,</h2>

-<h2 class="main">The Maid of the Mystic Lake,</h2>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first xd23e136">by Robert Frank Jarrett.</p>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="main">I.</h3>

-<div class="lgouter">

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Far away beneath the shadows</p>

-<p class="line">Of the towering Smoky range,</p>

-<p class="line">In the Western North Carolina,</p>

-<p class="line">Comes a story true, but strange;</p>

-<p class="line">Of a maiden and her lover,</p>

-<p class="line">Of the tribe of Cherokee,</p>

-<p class="line">And she lived far up the mountain,</p>

-<p class="line">Near the hills of Tennessee.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Far above the habitation</p>

-<p class="line">Of the white man, and the plain,</p>

-<p class="line">Lived the dark-eyed Indian maiden,</p>

-<p class="line">Of the Junaluska strain;</p>

-<p class="line">Junaluska, chief, her father,</p>

-<p class="line">Occoneechee was his pride,</p>

-<p class="line">In the lonely little wigwam,</p>

-<p class="line">High upon the mountain side.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb24" href="#pb24" name=

-"pb24">24</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">There the stream Oconaluftee</p>

-<p class="line">Hides its source far from the eye,</p>

-<p class="line">Of the white man in his rovings,</p>

-<p class="line">Far upon the mountain high;</p>

-<p class="line">And the forest land primeval,</p>

-<p class="line">Roamed by doe and wandering bear,</p>

-<p class="line">And the hissing, coiling serpent,</p>

-<p class="line">Was no stranger to them there.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Catamount and mountain-boomer</p>

-<p class="line">Sprang from cliff-side into trees,</p>

-<p class="line">And the eagle, hawk and vulture</p>

-<p class="line">Winged their course on every breeze.</p>

-<p class="line">At the footfall of this maiden</p>

-<p class="line">Sped the gobbler wild and free,</p>

-<p class="line">From the maiden Occoneechee</p>

-<p class="line">Flitted butterfly and bee.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Occoneechee, forest dweller,</p>

-<p class="line">Lived amid the scene so wild;</p>

-<p class="line">In the simple Indian manner</p>

-<p class="line">Lived old Junaluska&rsquo;s child.</p>

-<p class="line">Streams of purest limpid water</p>

-<p class="line">Gushed forth o&rsquo;er the rock below,</p>

-<p class="line">And the trout and silver minnow</p>

-<p class="line">Dwelt in water, cold as snow.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb25" href="#pb25" name=

-"pb25">25</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Occoneechee&rsquo;s Mother Qualla</p>

-<p class="line">Passed away from earth to God,</p>

-<p class="line">When this maiden was a baby</p>

-<p class="line">And was covered by the sod.</p>

-<p class="line">High upon the rugged mountain,</p>

-<p class="line">Far above the haunts of men,</p>

-<p class="line">With their burdens and their sorrows,</p>

-<p class="line">And their load of care and sin.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Thus the maiden knew no mother,</p>

-<p class="line">Knew no love as most maids know,</p>

-<p class="line">Heard no song, as sung by mother,</p>

-<p class="line">Softly, sweetly, plaintive, slow.</p>

-<p class="line">When the twilight came at evening,</p>

-<p class="line">And the wigwam fire was lit,</p>

-<p class="line">And the bearskin robe was spread out</p>

-<p class="line">Upon which they were to sit,</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Junaluska wept his Qualla,</p>

-<p class="line">Wept the lover who had flown,</p>

-<p class="line">For she was the only lover</p>

-<p class="line">That this chieftain&rsquo;s heart had known;</p>

-<p class="line">And at night, there was no lover</p>

-<p class="line">To sit by him on the rug,</p>

-<p class="line">Made of skins of bear and woodchuck,</p>

-<p class="line">In the wigwam, crude but snug.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb26" href="#pb26" name=

-"pb26">26</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">And at times he&rsquo;d stand at evening,</p>

-<p class="line">When the sun was setting low,</p>

-<p class="line">And would watch with adoration</p>

-<p class="line">Shifting clouds and scenes below;</p>

-<p class="line">And his soul would want to wander</p>

-<p class="line">Where the clime of setting sun</p>

-<p class="line">Would reveal his long lost Qualla,</p>

-<p class="line">When his work of life was done.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="figure xd23e849width" id="p026-1"><img src=

-"images/p026-1.jpg" alt="Sunset from Mt. Junaluska." width="649"

-height="477">

-<p class="figureHead">Sunset from Mt. Junaluska.</p>

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="q">

-<div class="body">

-<div class="lgouter">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;And his soul was wont to wander</p>

-<p class="line">To the clime of setting sun.&rdquo;</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="figure xd23e863width" id="p026-2"><img src=

-"images/p026-2.jpg" alt=

-"Lake Junaluska, Mount Junaluska in the distance." width="640" height=

-"372">

-<p class="figureHead">Lake Junaluska, Mount Junaluska in the

-distance.</p>

-<p class="par first">(Near Waynesville, N. C.)</p>

-<p class="par">This beautiful lake with Alpine environment is

-officially recognized by Methodists as their Assembly grounds, where

-thousands of their faith gather during the summer months each year for

-social and religious intercourse.</p>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="lgouter">

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">And the tears would fill his eyelids,</p>

-<p class="line">And emotion shake his frame,</p>

-<p class="line">When he thought of her departed,</p>

-<p class="line">Or some friend would speak her name.</p>

-<p class="line">And he&rsquo;d call on God the spirit,</p>

-<p class="line">When he&rsquo;d see the golden glow</p>

-<p class="line">Of the radiant splendid sunset,</p>

-<p class="line">Where he ever longed to go.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Then he&rsquo;d think of Occoneechee,</p>

-<p class="line">In her adolescent years,</p>

-<p class="line">How she needed his protection</p>

-<p class="line">There to drive away her fears.</p>

-<p class="line">Then he&rsquo;d cease his deep repining,</p>

-<p class="line">And his wailing and his grief,</p>

-<p class="line">For her future and her beauty</p>

-<p class="line">Brought the chieftain&rsquo;s heart relief.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb27" href="#pb27" name=

-"pb27">27</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Though the life of Occoneechee</p>

-<p class="line">Was one lonely strange career,</p>

-<p class="line">And the solitude and silence</p>

-<p class="line">Made the romance of it drear,</p>

-<p class="line">While the wildness of the forest,</p>

-<p class="line">With the animals that roam,</p>

-<p class="line">And the birds in great profusion</p>

-<p class="line">Cheered her little wigwam home,</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Yet her spirit, like the eagle&rsquo;s,</p>

-<p class="line">Longed to soar off and be free</p>

-<p class="line">From the wilds of gorge and mountain,</p>

-<p class="line">Stream and cliff and crag and tree.</p>

-<p class="line">And one day there came a red man</p>

-<p class="line">Wandering up the mountain side,</p>

-<p class="line">From the vale Oconaluftee</p>

-<p class="line">Which was every Indian&rsquo;s pride.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Tall and handsome, agile runner,</p>

-<p class="line">And the keenness of his eye</p>

-<p class="line">Did betray his quick perception</p>

-<p class="line">To the casual passer-by.</p>

-<p class="line">Hair hung down in long black tresses,</p>

-<p class="line">Far below his shoulder-blade,</p>

-<p class="line">And the brilliant painted feathers</p>

-<p class="line">By the passing winds were swayed.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb28" href="#pb28" name=

-"pb28">28</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">And the arrows in his quiver</p>

-<p class="line">Tipped with variegated stone,</p>

-<p class="line">And the tomahawk and war knife,</p>

-<p class="line">All the weapons he had known;</p>

-<p class="line">Yet he knew all of their uses,</p>

-<p class="line">None could wield with greater skill</p>

-<p class="line">Tomahawk or knife or arrow,</p>

-<p class="line">Than this wandering Whippoorwill.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Occoneechee, sitting lonely,</p>

-<p class="line">In a shady little nook,</p>

-<p class="line">Near the opening, by the wigwam,</p>

-<p class="line">And the babbling crystal brook;</p>

-<p class="line">She was bathing feet and ankles,</p>

-<p class="line">Arms and hands she did refresh,</p>

-<p class="line">In the iridescent splendor</p>

-<p class="line">Of the fountain cool and fresh.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Whippoorwill, the wandering warrior,</p>

-<p class="line">Spied the maiden by the pool,</p>

-<p class="line">&lsquo;Neath the spreading tree above her,</p>

-<p class="line">By the limpid stream so cool;</p>

-<p class="line">Then he ventured there to tarry,</p>

-<p class="line">Watch and linger in the wild,</p>

-<p class="line">Near the maiden and the fountain,</p>

-<p class="line">Watch this forest-dwelling child.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb29" href="#pb29" name=

-"pb29">29</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Though a warrior, brave, undaunted</p>

-<p class="line">By the fiercest, wildest foe,</p>

-<p class="line">In the battle&rsquo;s hardest struggle,</p>

-<p class="line">Chasing bear and buck and doe;</p>

-<p class="line">For his life was used to hardships,</p>

-<p class="line">Scaling mountains in the chase,</p>

-<p class="line">Yet he ne&rsquo;er was known to falter</p>

-<p class="line">&lsquo;Mid the hottest of the race.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">But he now was moved by caution</p>

-<p class="line">To approach, with greatest care,</p>

-<p class="line">The unknown maid, there before him,</p>

-<p class="line">And the scene so rich and rare;</p>

-<p class="line">And his brave heart almost failed him</p>

-<p class="line">As he comes up to her side,</p>

-<p class="line">And obeisance makes he to her,</p>

-<p class="line">E&rsquo;er the chieftain she espied.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Occoneechee sprang up quickly</p>

-<p class="line">From the rock moss-covered seat,</p>

-<p class="line">All abashed, but lithe and nimble</p>

-<p class="line">Were her ankles and her feet.</p>

-<p class="line">&ldquo;O-I-see-you,&rdquo; were the greetings</p>

-<p class="line">They exchanged spontaneously,</p>

-<p class="line">As they moved off together.</p>

-<p class="line">Occoneechee leads the way,</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb30" href="#pb30" name=

-"pb30">30</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">To the quiet little wigwam,</p>

-<p class="line">Where old Junaluska dwells</p>

-<p class="line">With the maiden Occoneechee,</p>

-<p class="line">And for whom his heart up-wells.</p>

-<p class="line">Spreading out the flowing doe-skin</p>

-<p class="line">Flat upon the earthen floor,</p>

-<p class="line">Occoneechee and the warrior</p>

-<p class="line">Sat and talked the chases o&rsquo;er.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Sat and talked of bear and venison,</p>

-<p class="line">Sat and smoked the calumet.</p>

-<p class="line">These the greetings of the warrior,</p>

-<p class="line">When the maiden first he met.</p>

-<p class="line">Whippoorwill, the wandering warrior,</p>

-<p class="line">Tarried for a night and day,</p>

-<p class="line">Tarried long within the wigwam,</p>

-<p class="line">And was loath to go away,</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">For the maid and Junaluska</p>

-<p class="line">To the warrior were so kind,</p>

-<p class="line">That &lsquo;twere hard among the tribesmen</p>

-<p class="line">Such a generous clan to find.</p>

-<p class="line">But at dawn upon the morrow,</p>

-<p class="line">Whippoorwill must wend his way</p>

-<p class="line">From old Junaluska&rsquo;s wigwam,</p>

-<p class="line">For too long had been his stay.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb31" href="#pb31" name=

-"pb31">31</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Kind affection, Junaluska</p>

-<p class="line">Gave to parting Whippoorwill,</p>

-<p class="line">As he sauntered from the wigwam,</p>

-<p class="line">Wandering toward the rugged rill.</p>

-<p class="line">Now the silence so unbroken</p>

-<p class="line">Starts a tear-drop in each eye,</p>

-<p class="line">And the gentle passing zephyr</p>

-<p class="line">Gathered up the lover&rsquo;s sigh,</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">And the sighs were borne to heaven,</p>

-<p class="line">Like as lovers' sighs ascend,</p>

-<p class="line">As the good angelic zephyrs</p>

-<p class="line">Bear the message, friend to friend.</p>

-<p class="line">Now each heart was sore and lonely,</p>

-<p class="line">Sad the parting lovers feel,</p>

-<p class="line">Yet the hopes of love&rsquo;s devotion</p>

-<p class="line">Deep into each life did steal.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">And when Whippoorwill had left them,</p>

-<p class="line">Good old Junaluska said</p>

-<p class="line">To his daughter Occoneechee,</p>

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Would you like this brave to wed?&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="line">Occoneechee, timid maiden,</p>

-<p class="line">Never thought of love before,</p>

-<p class="line">For she ne&rsquo;er had spread the doe-skin</p>

-<p class="line">Wide upon the earthen floor,</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb32" href="#pb32" name=

-"pb32">32</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">For a warrior, brave as he was,</p>

-<p class="line">One possessed of skill so rare,</p>

-<p class="line">With his tomahawk and war knife,</p>

-<p class="line">And such long black raven hair;</p>

-<p class="line">And she knew not how to answer,</p>

-<p class="line">Though she felt as lovers do,</p>

-<p class="line">When they plight their deep devotion</p>

-<p class="line">To each other to be true.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Occoneechee! child of wild woods,</p>

-<p class="line">I am growing old and gray,</p>

-<p class="line">And I feel I soon must leave you,</p>

-<p class="line">Though I grieve to go away.</p>

-<p class="line">I can feel the hand of time, child,</p>

-<p class="line">Pressing down upon my head,</p>

-<p class="line">And I know it won&rsquo;t be long now</p>

-<p class="line">Till I&rsquo;m resting with the dead.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;I can hear your mother calling,</p>

-<p class="line">Sweetly, gently, calling me,</p>

-<p class="line">Beckoning from the golden sunset,</p>

-<p class="line">And she calls also for thee.</p>

-<p class="line">&rsquo;Twas just last night she stood beside me,</p>

-<p class="line">While you lay there sound asleep,</p>

-<p class="line">And she called me, &lsquo;Junaluska!&rsquo;</p>

-<p class="line">And her voice caused me to weep.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb33" href="#pb33" name=

-"pb33">33</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;And she said, &lsquo;Dear Junaluska,</p>

-<p class="line">I have come to tell you where</p>

-<p class="line">You will find me at the portals</p>

-<p class="line">Of the Lord&rsquo;s house over there.</p>

-<p class="line">I will be among the blessed,</p>

-<p class="line">Be with angels up on high.</p>

-<p class="line">Have no fears of Death&rsquo;s dark river,</p>

-<p class="line">Be courageous till you die.&rsquo;</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Then she stood and sang a message</p>

-<p class="line">O&rsquo;er you in your lonely bed,</p>

-<p class="line">For a moment, then departed;</p>

-<p class="line">And I called, but she had fled.</p>

-<p class="line">Yet I daily hear her sweet voice,</p>

-<p class="line">And I see her image there,</p>

-<p class="line">As she calls us unto heaven,</p>

-<p class="line">&lsquo;Mid the pleasures, O, so rare.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;And I soon shall cross the river,</p>

-<p class="line">And will join her on the strand,</p>

-<p class="line">With immortals long departed,</p>

-<p class="line">In the fair, blest, happy land.</p>

-<p class="line">When I&rsquo;m gone you&rsquo;ll need protection,</p>

-<p class="line">By a brave who knows no fear,</p>

-<p class="line">And when sorrows overflow you,</p>

-<p class="line">One to wipe away the tear.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb34" href="#pb34" name=

-"pb34">34</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Then I&rsquo;ll watch and wait with Qualla,</p>

-<p class="line">With the chiefs and warriors brave,</p>

-<p class="line">Who have joined the tribe eternal,</p>

-<p class="line">Conquered death, hell and the grave.</p>

-<p class="line">I shall watch then for your coming,</p>

-<p class="line">And I&rsquo;ll tell the mighty throng</p>

-<p class="line">That you&rsquo;re coming in the future,</p>

-<p class="line">And we&rsquo;ll greet you with the song,</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;That the seraphs sing in glory,</p>

-<p class="line">Casting gem crowns at the feet,</p>

-<p class="line">Praising Him who reigns forever</p>

-<p class="line">On the grand tribunal seat.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="line">As he talked his voice grew weaker,</p>

-<p class="line">And his hand grew very chill,</p>

-<p class="line">Then the moisture crowned his forehead,</p>

-<p class="line">And his pulse was deathly still.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Then she knew that her dear mother</p>

-<p class="line">And the great chiefs that had been</p>

-<p class="line">Had op&rsquo;ed the gate of heaven wide</p>

-<p class="line">To let another brave chief in.</p>

-<p class="line">Then she sobbed out for her father,</p>

-<p class="line">As a broken-hearted child</p>

-<p class="line">Will for loved ones just departed,</p>

-<p class="line">Left so lonely in the wild.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb35" href="#pb35" name=

-"pb35">35</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">But the dead, too soon forgotten,</p>

-<p class="line">Now lies buried by the side</p>

-<p class="line">Of his much lamented Qualla,</p>

-<p class="line">Once his sweet and lovely bride,</p>

-<p class="line">While their spirits dwell together,</p>

-<p class="line">Free from care and want and pain,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the tempest full of sorrow</p>

-<p class="line">Ne&rsquo;er can reach their souls again.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Years had flown since Occoneechee</p>

-<p class="line">Saw her loving Whippoorwill,</p>

-<p class="line">High upon the Smoky Mountain,</p>

-<p class="line">Near the crystal rippling rill;</p>

-<p class="line">For the white man had transported</p>

-<p class="line">Brave and squaw and little child</p>

-<p class="line">Far away to Oklahoma,</p>

-<p class="line">To the western hills so wild.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Some had gone to the Dakotas,</p>

-<p class="line">Some had gone to Mexico,</p>

-<p class="line">Some had joined the tribe eternal;</p>

-<p class="line">All were going, sure but slow.</p>

-<p class="line">For the white man&rsquo;s occupation,</p>

-<p class="line">Cherokee must give their land,</p>

-<p class="line">And must give up all possessions,</p>

-<p class="line">Go and join some other band.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb36" href="#pb36" name=

-"pb36">36</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Yet a residue of tribesmen</p>

-<p class="line">Were allowed here to remain,</p>

-<p class="line">&lsquo;Mid the mountains and the forest,</p>

-<p class="line">And the meadows and the plain,</p>

-<p class="line">But the strong men and the warriors,</p>

-<p class="line">Most of them had gone away,</p>

-<p class="line">Far across the mighty mountains</p>

-<p class="line">Toward the closing of the day.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">General Jackson&rsquo;s men in blue coats</p>

-<p class="line">Came and took away the braves,</p>

-<p class="line">Took away the squaw and papoose,</p>

-<p class="line">Buried many in their graves,</p>

-<p class="line">Yet the residue triumphant,</p>

-<p class="line">Roamed out in the forest wild,</p>

-<p class="line">Without shelter, food or comfort,</p>

-<p class="line">For decrepid chief and child.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Sad and weary, long and dreary,</p>

-<p class="line">Moved the Cherokee out West,</p>

-<p class="line">With their store of skins and venison,</p>

-<p class="line">And the trinkets they possessed.</p>

-<p class="line">Up across the Smoky Mountains,</p>

-<p class="line">Rough and rugged trail and road,</p>

-<p class="line">Lined by rhododendron blossoms,</p>

-<p class="line">Close beside where Lufty flowed.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb37" href="#pb37" name=

-"pb37">37</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">When they down the gorge descended,</p>

-<p class="line">Winding toward the Tennessee,</p>

-<p class="line">Branch and bough o&rsquo;erhead were bending</p>

-<p class="line">And no landscape could they see,</p>

-<p class="line">And the labyrinthian footway</p>

-<p class="line">Led through forests dense and dark</p>

-<p class="line">And the air was sweetly laden</p>

-<p class="line">With the bruised birchen bark;</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="table">

-<table>

-<tr>

-<td class="cellLeft cellTop">

-<div class="figure xd23e1451width" id="p037-1"><img src=

-"images/p037-1.jpg" alt="A glimpse of the Craggies." width="328"

-height="506">

-<p class="figureHead">A glimpse of the Craggies.</p>

-</div>

-</td>

-<td class="cellRight cellTop">

-<div class="figure xd23e1456width" id="p037-2"><img src=

-"images/p037-2.jpg" alt="From top of Chimney Rock." width="332" height=

-"511">

-<p class="figureHead">From top of Chimney Rock.</p>

-</div>

-</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="cellLeft cellBottom">

-<div class="figure xd23e1462width" id="p037-3"><img src=

-"images/p037-3.jpg" alt="Graybeard Mountain." width="332" height="509">

-<p class="figureHead">Graybeard Mountain.</p>

-</div>

-</td>

-<td class="cellRight cellBottom">

-<div class="figure xd23e1467width" id="p037-4"><img src=

-"images/p037-4.jpg" alt="Chimney Top." width="334" height="513">

-<p class="figureHead">Chimney Top.</p>

-</div>

-</td>

-</tr>

-</table>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="lgouter">

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Hemlocks tall and swaying gently</p>

-<p class="line">In the sighing passing breeze,</p>

-<p class="line">And the fir and spreading balsam</p>

-<p class="line">Joined the cadence of the trees.</p>

-<p class="line">At the base of birch and hemlock</p>

-<p class="line">Flowed the Pigeon fierce and bold,</p>

-<p class="line">With its water clear as crystal,</p>

-<p class="line">And its fountains icy cold;</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Flowed the dauntless rapid waters,</p>

-<p class="line">Fresh and pure and ever free,</p>

-<p class="line">Rushed o&rsquo;er cataract and cascade,</p>

-<p class="line">Ever onward toward the sea.</p>

-<p class="line">Whippoorwill, the wandering warrior,</p>

-<p class="line">Shorn of power and of pride,</p>

-<p class="line">Marched in single file and lonely,</p>

-<p class="line">With his hands behind him tied.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb38" href="#pb38" name=

-"pb38">38</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Hands were bound with thongs and fetters&mdash;</p>

-<p class="line">Thongs and fetters could not hold</p>

-<p class="line">Brave so gallant young and noble</p>

-<p class="line">As this valiant warrior bold.</p>

-<p class="line">For his thoughts of Occoneechee,</p>

-<p class="line">Who was left far, far behind,</p>

-<p class="line">With the residue of women,</p>

-<p class="line">Stirred his brave heart and his mind.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">On and on for days they traveled</p>

-<p class="line">By the stream whose silver flow,</p>

-<p class="line">From the great high Smoky Mountains,</p>

-<p class="line">Became silent now and slow;</p>

-<p class="line">For the rocks and rising ridges,</p>

-<p class="line">Once their progress did impede,</p>

-<p class="line">Now were fading in the distance,</p>

-<p class="line">Could not now retard their speed.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">And the journey, long and tedious,</p>

-<p class="line">Wore the women, wore the brave,</p>

-<p class="line">And they sore and much lamented,</p>

-<p class="line">To be bound as serf or slave;</p>

-<p class="line">For their free-born spirits never</p>

-<p class="line">Had been bound by man before,</p>

-<p class="line">Till the blue-coat Jackson soldier</p>

-<p class="line">Came and dragged them from their door.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb39" href="#pb39" name=

-"pb39">39</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Corn was blooming on the lowlands</p>

-<p class="line">When the journey they betook,</p>

-<p class="line">And the grass gave much aroma,</p>

-<p class="line">By the laughing Soco brook;</p>

-<p class="line">But the suns and moons oft waning</p>

-<p class="line">Brought the moon of ripening corn</p>

-<p class="line">To a nation, broken-hearted,</p>

-<p class="line">With a doubting hope forlorn.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Level lands brought no enchantment</p>

-<p class="line">To a people who had known</p>

-<p class="line">Naught but freedom till the present,</p>

-<p class="line">Whose utopian dream had flown;</p>

-<p class="line">Flown as flows the radiant river,</p>

-<p class="line">Flown as flows the hopes of youth,</p>

-<p class="line">From the red man of the forest.</p>

-<p class="line">They were no more free, forsooth.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">By and by the Father Waters</p>

-<p class="line">Came in view of brave and squaw,</p>

-<p class="line">And the skiff and side-wheel steamer</p>

-<p class="line">Were the shifting scenes they saw,</p>

-<p class="line">Plying fast the Father Waters,</p>

-<p class="line">With a current slow and still,</p>

-<p class="line">And reverberating whistles</p>

-<p class="line">Shrieked a medley loud and shrill.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb40" href="#pb40" name=

-"pb40">40</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">And the ferryboat was busy,</p>

-<p class="line">Plying fast the liquid wave</p>

-<p class="line">Of the Father Water&rsquo;s current,</p>

-<p class="line">Bearing squaw and chief and brave,</p>

-<p class="line">Till the last brave Indian warrior</p>

-<p class="line">Crossed the Father Waters' tide,</p>

-<p class="line">Crossed the gentle flowing river,</p>

-<p class="line">With its current deep and wide.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Then they rested from their journey,</p>

-<p class="line">Rested for a little while,</p>

-<p class="line">On the bluff above the river,</p>

-<p class="line">Where they saw her laughing smile.</p>

-<p class="line">They could see the sun at morning</p>

-<p class="line">Rise up quickly from his rest,</p>

-<p class="line">See him hasting to his zenith,</p>

-<p class="line">Soon to go down in the west.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Then the winter came on quickly,</p>

-<p class="line">Killing corn and grass and cane,</p>

-<p class="line">And the wind brought cloudy weather,</p>

-<p class="line">With its snow and mist and rain,</p>

-<p class="line">And the tribe within the barracks</p>

-<p class="line">Were disheartened, one and all.</p>

-<p class="line">And they longed now for their Lufty,</p>

-<p class="line">With its cascade and its fall.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb41" href="#pb41" name=

-"pb41">41</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">But at last the genial sunshine</p>

-<p class="line">Took away the ice that froze</p>

-<p class="line">The corn of hope, from the tribesmen,</p>

-<p class="line">And the chilly wind that blows,</p>

-<p class="line">Along the valley, of the river,</p>

-<p class="line">Over bog and prairie, too;</p>

-<p class="line">And an order came with springtime,</p>

-<p class="line">&ldquo;You the journey must renew.&rdquo;</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Then they rose up in the morning,</p>

-<p class="line">Rose before the dawn of day,</p>

-<p class="line">Rolled and tied the tents together,</p>

-<p class="line">And were quickly on their way,</p>

-<p class="line">On their way to Oklahoma,</p>

-<p class="line">Out across Missouri land,</p>

-<p class="line">Chief and squaw and wary warrior,</p>

-<p class="line">Marched the Cherokee brave band.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">To the western reservation,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the bison and the owl,</p>

-<p class="line">And the she-wolf, fox and serpent</p>

-<p class="line">Writhe and roam and nightly prowl;</p>

-<p class="line">This the country where they took them,</p>

-<p class="line">This the country that they gave</p>

-<p class="line">In exchange for their own country,</p>

-<p class="line">To the chief and squaw and brave.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb42" href="#pb42" name=

-"pb42">42</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Leaving all they loved behind them,</p>

-<p class="line">Leaving all to them most dear,</p>

-<p class="line">And they settled there so lonely,</p>

-<p class="line">In a country dry and drear;</p>

-<p class="line">There to pine away in sorrow,</p>

-<p class="line">And repining, die of grief;</p>

-<p class="line">From the solitude and silence</p>

-<p class="line">Of this land there&rsquo;s no relief.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="main">II.</h3>

-<div class="lgouter">

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Amid the hills of Carolina,</p>

-<p class="line">Hills impregnant with rich bliss,</p>

-<p class="line">With their grots and groves and fountains,</p>

-<p class="line">Hills that love-beams love to kiss;</p>

-<p class="line">Roamed the dark, but pretty maiden,</p>

-<p class="line">Occoneechee, lovely child,</p>

-<p class="line">Roamed she far out in the mountains,</p>

-<p class="line">&lsquo;Mid their solitude so wild.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Dreamed she oft here, as she rambled,</p>

-<p class="line">Of her warrior Whippoorwill,</p>

-<p class="line">Of her lover, long her lover,</p>

-<p class="line">Whom she first met near the rill,</p>

-<p class="line">High upon the Smoky Mountains,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the sunset&rsquo;s afterglow</p>

-<p class="line">Holds the secrets of Dame Nature</p>

-<p class="line">From the sons of men below.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb43" href="#pb43" name=

-"pb43">43</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Occoneechee sought her lover,</p>

-<p class="line">Down Oconaluftee&rsquo;s vale,</p>

-<p class="line">Through the brush and tangled wildwood,</p>

-<p class="line">Without compass, chart or trail,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the river Tuckaseigee</p>

-<p class="line">Dashes down its rocky bed,</p>

-<p class="line">Near a trail long since deserted,</p>

-<p class="line">Over which a tribe once sped.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="table">

-<table>

-<tr>

-<td class="cellLeft cellTop">

-<div class="figure xd23e1794width" id="p043-1"><img src=

-"images/p043-1.jpg" alt="Upper Catawba Falls, Esmeralda, N. C." width=

-"326" height="505">

-<p class="figureHead">Upper Catawba Falls, Esmeralda, N. C.</p>

-</div>

-</td>

-<td class="cellRight cellTop">

-<div class="figure xd23e1799width" id="p043-2"><img src=

-"images/p043-2.jpg" alt="Occoneechee Falls, Jackson County, N. C."

-width="332" height="514">

-<p class="figureHead">Occoneechee Falls, Jackson County, N. C.</p>

-</div>

-</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="cellLeft cellBottom">

-<div class="figure xd23e1805width" id="p043-3"><img src=

-"images/p043-3.jpg" alt="In the Cherokee Country." width="331" height=

-"507">

-<p class="figureHead">In the Cherokee Country.</p>

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="q">

-<div class="body">

-<div class="lgouter">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Falls and foams and seethes forever.&rdquo;</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-</div>

-</td>

-<td class="cellRight cellBottom">

-<div class="figure xd23e1817width" id="p043-4"><img src=

-"images/p043-4.jpg" alt="Whitewater Falls." width="333" height="510">

-<p class="figureHead">Whitewater Falls.</p>

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="q">

-<div class="body">

-<div class="lgouter">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Pours its deluge down the ravine</p>

-<p class="line">Unobstructed in its rage.&rdquo;</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-</div>

-</td>

-</tr>

-</table>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="lgouter">

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Then she wandered down the river,</p>

-<p class="line">On and on, as on it flows,</p>

-<p class="line">Wades the river, wades its branches,</p>

-<p class="line">Follows it where&rsquo;er it goes</p>

-<p class="line">Through the laurel brush and ivy,</p>

-<p class="line">Over spreading beds of fern,</p>

-<p class="line">Over rock moss-covered ledges,</p>

-<p class="line">Follows every winding turn,</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Till it flows into the river,</p>

-<p class="line">Called the Little Tennessee,</p>

-<p class="line">Here she lingers long and tarries,</p>

-<p class="line">And she strains her eyes to see</p>

-<p class="line">If her vision will reveal him,</p>

-<p class="line">And abates her breath to hear</p>

-<p class="line">The voice of Whippoorwill, her lover,</p>

-<p class="line">One of all to her most dear.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb44" href="#pb44" name=

-"pb44">44</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Yet no sound came to relieve her,</p>

-<p class="line">And no vision came to please,</p>

-<p class="line">And it never dawned upon her,</p>

-<p class="line">Here among the virgin trees,</p>

-<p class="line">That her lover was transported,</p>

-<p class="line">With the brave and chief and child</p>

-<p class="line">To the land of Oklahoma,</p>

-<p class="line">Land so lonely, weird and wild.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Up the stream she then ascended,</p>

-<p class="line">Slowly, surely did she march,</p>

-<p class="line">&lsquo;Neath the spreading oak and hemlock,</p>

-<p class="line">Resting oft beneath their arch.</p>

-<p class="line">Walls of solid spar and granite</p>

-<p class="line">Roared their heads up toward the blue,</p>

-<p class="line">But no wall or hill or river</p>

-<p class="line">Could impede the maiden true.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">She now reached the Nantahala,</p>

-<p class="line">Picturesque in every way,</p>

-<p class="line">And she rested &lsquo;neath the shadow</p>

-<p class="line">Of the mountain tall and gray;</p>

-<p class="line">High the mountain, clear the water,</p>

-<p class="line">That comes rushing down the side</p>

-<p class="line">Of the mountain from the forest</p>

-<p class="line">With its unpolluted tide.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb45" href="#pb45" name=

-"pb45">45</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Speckled beauties swam the water,</p>

-<p class="line">Swam as only they can do;</p>

-<p class="line">Deer in herds roamed all the forest,</p>

-<p class="line">Only Cherokees were few.</p>

-<p class="line">Eagles, swift upon their pinions,</p>

-<p class="line">Soared aloft upon the air,</p>

-<p class="line">They would turn their eyes to heaven,</p>

-<p class="line">Then down on the maiden fair,</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">As to guard her in her roaming,</p>

-<p class="line">For she had no other guide,</p>

-<p class="line">Save one squaw and constellation,</p>

-<p class="line">And the racing river tide.</p>

-<p class="line">Birds had ceased their long migration,</p>

-<p class="line">Not a cloud disturbed the blue</p>

-<p class="line">Of the canopy of heaven,</p>

-<p class="line">And the country they passed through.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Nightingale and thrush and robin</p>

-<p class="line">Mated, sang and dwelt serene,</p>

-<p class="line">In the forest, by the river,</p>

-<p class="line">With its banks so fresh and green,</p>

-<p class="line">And each spoke to Occoneechee,</p>

-<p class="line">In the language Nature gives,</p>

-<p class="line">Of the flora and the fauna,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the child of Nature lives.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb46" href="#pb46" name=

-"pb46">46</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Then she rambled through the mountains,</p>

-<p class="line">To the summit, grand and high,</p>

-<p class="line">Where Tusquittee&rsquo;s bald and forest</p>

-<p class="line">Penetrates the cloudless sky.</p>

-<p class="line">Unobstructed vision reaches</p>

-<p class="line">&lsquo;Cross the Valley River, wide,</p>

-<p class="line">To the Hiawassee river,</p>

-<p class="line">Flowing in its lordly pride.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Here the panorama rises</p>

-<p class="line">In its beauty grand and gay,</p>

-<p class="line">As you linger on the summit,</p>

-<p class="line">As you hesitating stay;</p>

-<p class="line">Visions long out in the distance;</p>

-<p class="line">Haunt you with enchanted smile,</p>

-<p class="line">And the reverie of Nature</p>

-<p class="line">Doth the wanderer beguile.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Valleytown, the Indian village,</p>

-<p class="line">And Aquone, the camping ground,</p>

-<p class="line">Cheoas vale within the distance,</p>

-<p class="line">Once where Cherokee were found,</p>

-<p class="line">Came within the easy focus</p>

-<p class="line">Of the trained observant eye</p>

-<p class="line">Of the maiden on the mountain,</p>

-<p class="line">Near the clearest vaulted sky.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb47" href="#pb47" name=

-"pb47">47</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Occoneechee looked and wondered,</p>

-<p class="line">Scanned the mountain, scanned the vale,</p>

-<p class="line">And she lifted up her voice there,</p>

-<p class="line">And began to weep and wail;</p>

-<p class="line">For her lover, long departed,</p>

-<p class="line">For her lover brave and true,</p>

-<p class="line">And she wondered if he tarried</p>

-<p class="line">In the reaches of her view.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Still no sight or sound revealed him,</p>

-<p class="line">Beauty smiled and smiled again,</p>

-<p class="line">As she sighed and prayed to Nature,</p>

-<p class="line">Yet her anxious thoughts were vain.</p>

-<p class="line">For the valley and the mountain,</p>

-<p class="line">And the river and the rill,</p>

-<p class="line">Separated Occoneechee</p>

-<p class="line">From her lover Whippoorwill.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Then she to the Hiawassee,</p>

-<p class="line">Wound the mountain-side and vale,</p>

-<p class="line">And she made a boat of hemlock,</p>

-<p class="line">And she left the mountain trail,</p>

-<p class="line">And she launched the boat of hemlock</p>

-<p class="line">On the Hiawassee tide,</p>

-<p class="line">Launched the boat and went within it,</p>

-<p class="line">Down the silver stream to glide.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb48" href="#pb48" name=

-"pb48">48</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Down the river set with forest,</p>

-<p class="line">Nottely joins the quickened pace</p>

-<p class="line">Of the river and the maiden,</p>

-<p class="line">In their onward rapid race,</p>

-<p class="line">And she passes through the narrows,</p>

-<p class="line">Through the narrows quick she flew,</p>

-<p class="line">Through the spray and foaming current,</p>

-<p class="line">With her long hemlock canoe.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Faster sped the boat of hemlock,</p>

-<p class="line">Past the mountains and the shoal,</p>

-<p class="line">Past the inlet Conasauga,</p>

-<p class="line">Where Okoee waters roll;</p>

-<p class="line">Here she stopped to make inquiry</p>

-<p class="line">Of a relegated brave.</p>

-<p class="line">If he&rsquo;d seen her wandering lover,</p>

-<p class="line">In the forest, by the wave.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Then she left the boat of hemlock,</p>

-<p class="line">Roamed the forest far and wide,</p>

-<p class="line">Crossed the mountain streams and fountains,</p>

-<p class="line">With their cliff and foaming tide,</p>

-<p class="line">Followed far Okoee river,</p>

-<p class="line">Toccoa laves her weary feet,</p>

-<p class="line">Ellijay and Coogawattee</p>

-<p class="line">Do the pretty maiden greet.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb49" href="#pb49" name=

-"pb49">49</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Not a word in all her wanderings</p>

-<p class="line">Did she hear of Whippoorwill,</p>

-<p class="line">Though she roamed through leagues of forest,</p>

-<p class="line">And by many a rippling rill.</p>

-<p class="line">Candy creek and Oostanula,</p>

-<p class="line">Both were followed to their source,</p>

-<p class="line">With their winding current flowing</p>

-<p class="line">In their ever onward course.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Where the brave had traveled with her,</p>

-<p class="line">And had told her many tales</p>

-<p class="line">Of the wars he&rsquo;d been engaged in,</p>

-<p class="line">And the windings of the trails,</p>

-<p class="line">Over which the tribe had traveled</p>

-<p class="line">In the years that long had flown,</p>

-<p class="line">And the land now held by strangers,</p>

-<p class="line">Which his tribe once called their own.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">And at evening in the autumn,</p>

-<p class="line">When the leaves turn brown and red,</p>

-<p class="line">And the hickory and the maple</p>

-<p class="line">Gild with yellow as they shed,</p>

-<p class="line">And the poplar and the chestnut,</p>

-<p class="line">And the beech and chinquapin,</p>

-<p class="line">Hide the squirrel and the pheasant</p>

-<p class="line">From the sight of selfish men;</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb50" href="#pb50" name=

-"pb50">50</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Where the grapevine climbs the alder,</p>

-<p class="line">Clings with tendril to the pine,</p>

-<p class="line">And the air is sweetly laden</p>

-<p class="line">With rich odors from the vine;</p>

-<p class="line">And the walnut and the dogwood</p>

-<p class="line">Furnish dainties rich and rare,</p>

-<p class="line">For the chipmunk and the partridge,</p>

-<p class="line">Which perchance do wander there.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Where the otter slide is slickened,</p>

-<p class="line">And the weasel and the mink</p>

-<p class="line">Do come creeping down the river,</p>

-<p class="line">There to bathe and fish and drink,</p>

-<p class="line">And the red fox roams the forest,</p>

-<p class="line">And defies the fleetest hound,</p>

-<p class="line">And the panther in the forest</p>

-<p class="line">Makes a hideous screaming sound.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Here the brave would sit and tell them</p>

-<p class="line">Tales and myths told oft before,</p>

-<p class="line">Tales of war and of adventure,</p>

-<p class="line">By great chiefs now known no more;</p>

-<p class="line">And one night they heard the shrieking</p>

-<p class="line">Of a wildcat near the stream,</p>

-<p class="line">That awakened them from slumber</p>

-<p class="line">And disturbed their peaceful dream;</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb51" href="#pb51" name=

-"pb51">51</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">For a panther, fierce and fearless,</p>

-<p class="line">Had come creeping down the side</p>

-<p class="line">Of the cliffs far up the mountain,</p>

-<p class="line">Near the Hiawassee tide,</p>

-<p class="line">And they met down near the river,</p>

-<p class="line">And they fought down near the stream,</p>

-<p class="line">And they made the night grow hideous</p>

-<p class="line">With their awful shrieks and scream.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="figure xd23e2250width" id="p051-1"><img src=

-"images/p051-1.jpg" alt="The Balsam Mountains." width="647" height=

-"478">

-<p class="figureHead">The Balsam Mountains.</p>

-<p class="par first">In Jackson Co., N. C.</p>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="figure xd23e2257width" id="p051-2"><img src=

-"images/p051-2.jpg" alt="North from Sunset Rock, Tryon Mt." width="642"

-height="481">

-<p class="figureHead">North from Sunset Rock, Tryon Mt.</p>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="lgouter">

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Then she took her boat of hemlock,</p>

-<p class="line">And they launched it on the wave,</p>

-<p class="line">And they sat upon its gunnels,</p>

-<p class="line">Occoneechee squaw and brave,</p>

-<p class="line">And they pushed out in the current,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the waves were rolling high,</p>

-<p class="line">And the boat sped through the rapids,</p>

-<p class="line">Fast as flocks of pigeons fly.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Pushed they down and ever onward</p>

-<p class="line">Toward the placid Tennessee,</p>

-<p class="line">To the island and the inlet</p>

-<p class="line">Of the rolling Hiawassee.</p>

-<p class="line">Here they camped o&rsquo;er night and rested,</p>

-<p class="line">Told they tales of long ago,</p>

-<p class="line">With their memories and sorrows</p>

-<p class="line">Breathed they out their care and woe.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb52" href="#pb52" name=

-"pb52">52</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Then they floated down the river,</p>

-<p class="line">On its smooth, unrippled tide.</p>

-<p class="line">To the creek of Chicamauga,</p>

-<p class="line">Where so many braves had died.</p>

-<p class="line">And they tented near the river,</p>

-<p class="line">Tied their boat up to the bank,</p>

-<p class="line">Where John Ross had crossed the river,</p>

-<p class="line">Where his ferryboat once sank.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Wandered through the vale of dryness,</p>

-<p class="line">Chattanooga&rsquo;s pretty flow,</p>

-<p class="line">Clear as crystal, pure as sunbeams,</p>

-<p class="line">Winding hither too and fro.</p>

-<p class="line">Drank the waters, bathed they in it,</p>

-<p class="line">Fished and hunted stream and plain,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the buffalo once wandered,</p>

-<p class="line">But where none now doth remain.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Like a serpent that is crawling,</p>

-<p class="line">Wriggling, writhing, resting not,</p>

-<p class="line">Fleeing from a strange invader</p>

-<p class="line">To some lone secluded spot,</p>

-<p class="line">Winds and curves and turns forever,</p>

-<p class="line">In its course that has no end,</p>

-<p class="line">Swings to starboard and to larboard,</p>

-<p class="line">Round the Moccasin&rsquo;s great bend.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb53" href="#pb53" name=

-"pb53">53</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Flows the river on forever,</p>

-<p class="line">By the nodding flowering tree,</p>

-<p class="line">Shedding fragrance like a censer,</p>

-<p class="line">Flows the pretty Tennessee;</p>

-<p class="line">On her bosom&rsquo;s crest is carried</p>

-<p class="line">Precious burdens, rich and rare,</p>

-<p class="line">From the fertile fields about her,</p>

-<p class="line">And the ozone-laden air.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Occoneechee squaw and warrior</p>

-<p class="line">Rode the silver-flowing tide,</p>

-<p class="line">in the boat made out of hemlock,</p>

-<p class="line">Which so long had been their pride;</p>

-<p class="line">But the time now came for parting,</p>

-<p class="line">As must come in every life,</p>

-<p class="line">That is heir to human nature,</p>

-<p class="line">With its toil and woe and strife.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Here Sequatchie&rsquo;s fertile valley,</p>

-<p class="line">They approached and must ascend,</p>

-<p class="line">Like the cloud before the sunbeam,</p>

-<p class="line">Driven by the fiercest wind;</p>

-<p class="line">Then they hid the boat of hemlock,</p>

-<p class="line">Sure and safe, then bade adieu,</p>

-<p class="line">To the boat upon the river,</p>

-<p class="line">Which had been their friend so true.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb54" href="#pb54" name=

-"pb54">54</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Then they mounted little ponies,</p>

-<p class="line">Fresh and sleek and fat and fast,</p>

-<p class="line">And they sped along the valley,</p>

-<p class="line">Like the birds upon the blast,</p>

-<p class="line">Looking for the handsome warrior,</p>

-<p class="line">Looking hither, glancing there,</p>

-<p class="line">And quite often on the journey,</p>

-<p class="line">They would stop to offer prayer;</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">But the valley held the secret;</p>

-<p class="line">Not a living man could wrest,</p>

-<p class="line">From the valley rich and fertile,</p>

-<p class="line">Secrets buried in its breast;</p>

-<p class="line">Though the tribe had ceased to own it,</p>

-<p class="line">Though the tribe had passed away,</p>

-<p class="line">From the valley of Sequatchie,</p>

-<p class="line">Like the fading of the day,</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Still the signs and many tokens</p>

-<p class="line">Told a tale of war and strife,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the whites had used the rifle,</p>

-<p class="line">And the braves had used the knife,</p>

-<p class="line">For the bleaching bones of warriors</p>

-<p class="line">Were discovered everywhere,</p>

-<p class="line">And the hideous sight brought sorrow,</p>

-<p class="line">To this maiden now so fair,</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb55" href="#pb55" name=

-"pb55">55</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Birds were singing in the forest,</p>

-<p class="line">Merrily and full of glee,</p>

-<p class="line">And a symphony unrivaled</p>

-<p class="line">Flooded forestland and lea;</p>

-<p class="line">With the mellow tones from singers,</p>

-<p class="line">Varied, versatile and sweet,</p>

-<p class="line">Came from forest and from meadow,</p>

-<p class="line">Came the attuned ear to greet.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">And when evening shade would settle,</p>

-<p class="line">And the moon full rose to view,</p>

-<p class="line">And the zephyrs filled the valley,</p>

-<p class="line">And the flowers suffused with dew,</p>

-<p class="line">Then the nightingale would lure them</p>

-<p class="line">Or the mockingbird hold sway,</p>

-<p class="line">From the advent of Orion,</p>

-<p class="line">Till the dawning of the day.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Stretching meadows lay before them,</p>

-<p class="line">Rich with fragrance, rare with flowers,</p>

-<p class="line">Variegated blending colors</p>

-<p class="line">Lent a rapture to its bowers,</p>

-<p class="line">That outstripped the fields elysian,</p>

-<p class="line">Decked with Nature&rsquo;s rarest guise,</p>

-<p class="line">Pleasure-house for wisest sages,</p>

-<p class="line">Such as only fools despise.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb56" href="#pb56" name=

-"pb56">56</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Such the scenes within the valley,</p>

-<p class="line">As they joyous sped along,</p>

-<p class="line">Filled with rapture, filled with pleasure,</p>

-<p class="line">At the scenery and the song.</p>

-<p class="line">Nature clapped her hands exultant,</p>

-<p class="line">In the sylvan groves so green,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the Goddess Proserpina</p>

-<p class="line">Was enthroned majestic queen.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Mighty warriors red with passion,</p>

-<p class="line">Once had trod this virgin soil,</p>

-<p class="line">And had rested in the valley,</p>

-<p class="line">When o&rsquo;ercome by heat and toil;</p>

-<p class="line">Sportive maidens once delighted</p>

-<p class="line">To engage in dance and song,</p>

-<p class="line">With the warriors in the valley,</p>

-<p class="line">With the chieftains brave and strong.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">But the mighty men and maidens</p>

-<p class="line">Long since ceased this land to roam,</p>

-<p class="line">Since the pale face armed with power,</p>

-<p class="line">Killed the braves and burned the home,</p>

-<p class="line">Took the land and burned the wigwam,</p>

-<p class="line">Bound the chief and drove away,</p>

-<p class="line">All the warriors, squaws and maidens,</p>

-<p class="line">Toward the golden close of day.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb57" href="#pb57" name=

-"pb57">57</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Happy children, wild with rapture,</p>

-<p class="line">Laughed with ecstasy and glee,</p>

-<p class="line">Once had filled the vale with echoes,</p>

-<p class="line">And had sported lithe and free,</p>

-<p class="line">All along the hill-locked valley,</p>

-<p class="line">Played lacrosse and strung the bow,</p>

-<p class="line">Ran the races, caught the squirrel,</p>

-<p class="line">In the distant long ago.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Sped they like the rolling torrent,</p>

-<p class="line">Thru the Appalachian chain,</p>

-<p class="line">With its towering peaks and gorges,</p>

-<p class="line">&lsquo;Mid its sunshine and its rain,</p>

-<p class="line">Sped along the flowing Chuckey,</p>

-<p class="line">With its reddened banks of clay,</p>

-<p class="line">Were delighted by its beauty,</p>

-<p class="line">Were enticed with it to stay;</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Saw the rushing, rolling waters</p>

-<p class="line">Fall and foam and seeth below,</p>

-<p class="line">Saw the cascade of Watauga</p>

-<p class="line">Surging hither to and fro;</p>

-<p class="line">Looked with tireless vision upward,</p>

-<p class="line">Viewed from summits high and proud,</p>

-<p class="line">Landscapes grander than Olympus,</p>

-<p class="line">With their crags above the cloud.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb58" href="#pb58" name=

-"pb58">58</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Occoneechee,&rdquo; said the warrior,</p>

-<p class="line">In a gentle tone, and mild,</p>

-<p class="line">&ldquo;I remember all this grandeur,</p>

-<p class="line">Since I was a little child,</p>

-<p class="line">I have traveled trail and mountain,</p>

-<p class="line">Chased Showono, deer and bear,</p>

-<p class="line">Crossed Kentucky in the chases,</p>

-<p class="line">Seen the blue-grass state so fair.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Once while hotly, I pursuing,</p>

-<p class="line">Buck with antlers fierce and strong,</p>

-<p class="line">Came upon a band of white men,</p>

-<p class="line">With their rifles black and long,</p>

-<p class="line">Came a flash of rifle powder,</p>

-<p class="line">Quick as lightning came the sounds,</p>

-<p class="line">From reverberating rifles,</p>

-<p class="line">And the bark of baying hounds.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">They had slain the buck with antlers,</p>

-<p class="line">And would be upon me soon,</p>

-<p class="line">If discovered by their captain,</p>

-<p class="line">By their captain, Daniel Boone;</p>

-<p class="line">He the hunter, Indian hater,</p>

-<p class="line">Chief and captain, pioneer,</p>

-<p class="line">Known to every tribe and tribesman,</p>

-<p class="line">To be destitute of fear.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb59" href="#pb59" name=

-"pb59">59</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Quick I back into the forest,</p>

-<p class="line">Without noise or slightest sound,</p>

-<p class="line">Lest perchance I draw attention,</p>

-<p class="line">From the hunter or his hound.</p>

-<p class="line">&rsquo;Twas a wilderness of wildness,</p>

-<p class="line">Transylvania was its name,</p>

-<p class="line">Home of coon and hare and turkey,</p>

-<p class="line">And all sorts of kindred game.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Once the noble chiefs and warriors</p>

-<p class="line">Roamed Kentucky far and wide,</p>

-<p class="line">Far along the broad Ohio,</p>

-<p class="line">Strode the Indians by her tide;</p>

-<p class="line">And they camped and roamed the forest,</p>

-<p class="line">Dense and dark, supremely grand,</p>

-<p class="line">Dominated vale and forest,</p>

-<p class="line">Dominated all the land;</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Chased the scouting bands of warriors,</p>

-<p class="line">Who would dare to camp and die,</p>

-<p class="line">On the soil of old Kentucky,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the meadow grass grew high;</p>

-<p class="line">Hiding &lsquo;neath the waving grasses,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the muskrat and the snake,</p>

-<p class="line">And the hedge hog and the weasel,</p>

-<p class="line">Lurked in shade of vine and brake.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb60" href="#pb60" name=

-"pb60">60</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">I was with good Junaluska,</p>

-<p class="line">In the battles and the raids,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the Creek and the Showano</p>

-<p class="line">Lent each other all their aids,</p>

-<p class="line">When upon the Tallapoosa</p>

-<p class="line">River, at the Horseshoe bend,</p>

-<p class="line">We joined hands with General Jackson,</p>

-<p class="line">And by death we made an end,</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Of the Creeks and all their allies,</p>

-<p class="line">Who assembled, one and all.</p>

-<p class="line">To resist our mighty forces,</p>

-<p class="line">They had built their mighty wall,</p>

-<p class="line">Built it strong and reinforced it,</p>

-<p class="line">Not a single spot was weak,</p>

-<p class="line">For &rsquo;twas built by master workmen,</p>

-<p class="line">By the tribesmen of the Creek.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">When the work was strong and finished,</p>

-<p class="line">All the warriors came to dwell</p>

-<p class="line">In the fortress, by the river,</p>

-<p class="line">Came they tales of war to tell;</p>

-<p class="line">Came a thousand of the warriors,</p>

-<p class="line">With their weapons and their wives,</p>

-<p class="line">Came and lodged within the fortress,</p>

-<p class="line">Like the swarming bees in hives;</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb61" href="#pb61" name=

-"pb61">61</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Brought their children and their chattels,</p>

-<p class="line">Brought they gun, and club and spear,</p>

-<p class="line">For they thought once in the fortress,</p>

-<p class="line">That they&rsquo;d have no harm to fear,</p>

-<p class="line">But the Cherokee and Jackson</p>

-<p class="line">Brought out cannon great and small,</p>

-<p class="line">And they raised the siege of Horseshoe,</p>

-<p class="line">Throwing many a shell and ball;</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Into fortress, into village,</p>

-<p class="line">Flew the missiles thick and fast,</p>

-<p class="line">Like the rain, among the rigging,</p>

-<p class="line">Of the sailor&rsquo;s spar and mast,</p>

-<p class="line">Crushing, crashing stone of fortress,</p>

-<p class="line">Making splinters of the wall,</p>

-<p class="line">Of the fortress by the river,</p>

-<p class="line">With the heavy cannon ball.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">But it fell not in the fury</p>

-<p class="line">Of the battle&rsquo;s hottest fray,</p>

-<p class="line">Stood the test like old Gibraltar,</p>

-<p class="line">All the night and all the day,</p>

-<p class="line">And the progress was so slowly,</p>

-<p class="line">That the battle must be lost,</p>

-<p class="line">To the Cherokee and Jackson,</p>

-<p class="line">And so great would be the cost,</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb62" href="#pb62" name=

-"pb62">62</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">If some means were not discovered,</p>

-<p class="line">To dislodge the valiant Creek,</p>

-<p class="line">Now entrenched within the fortress,</p>

-<p class="line">Growing strong instead of weak.</p>

-<p class="line">Junaluska said to Jackson,</p>

-<p class="line">&lsquo;Choose ye this day man or men,</p>

-<p class="line">Who can breast the tide before you,</p>

-<p class="line">Who will try to enter in;</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Who can swim the Tallapoosa,</p>

-<p class="line">Who can stem the flowing tide,</p>

-<p class="line">Who are noble, strong and fearless,</p>

-<p class="line">And have God upon their side.</p>

-<p class="line">If you have such men among you,</p>

-<p class="line">Let them come forth one and all,</p>

-<p class="line">Let them dare to do their duty,</p>

-<p class="line">Let them dare to stand or fall.&rsquo;</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Not one man of all the white men</p>

-<p class="line">Could be found who dared to try</p>

-<p class="line">To o&rsquo;ercome the Tallapoosa,</p>

-<p class="line">Or would risk his life to die.</p>

-<p class="line">So your guide whom God has given,</p>

-<p class="line">Volunteered to risk the wave,</p>

-<p class="line">With your father, Junaluska,</p>

-<p class="line">Volunteered, his tribe to save.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb63" href="#pb63" name=

-"pb63">63</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Then we sought our God in silence,</p>

-<p class="line">And became resigned to death,</p>

-<p class="line">That lay out upon the current</p>

-<p class="line">Of the river&rsquo;s silent breath.</p>

-<p class="line">Under cover of the darkness,</p>

-<p class="line">And the solitude of night,</p>

-<p class="line">We betook the awful peril,</p>

-<p class="line">With a tremor of delight.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Silently we now descended</p>

-<p class="line">To the deathlike river tide,</p>

-<p class="line">Following a star&rsquo;s reflection,</p>

-<p class="line">For a signboard and a guide;</p>

-<p class="line">To point out the right direction,</p>

-<p class="line">And to bring us into port,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the canoes lay at anchor,</p>

-<p class="line">Near the stolid silent fort.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Quick we loosed them from their moorings</p>

-<p class="line">Each man lashed beside his boat&mdash;</p>

-<p class="line">Quite a dozen, swift as arrows,</p>

-<p class="line">And we set them all afloat;</p>

-<p class="line">Shot them straight across the river,</p>

-<p class="line">Like a flash at lightning speed,</p>

-<p class="line">Faster than the fleetest greyhound,</p>

-<p class="line">Bounding like a blooded steed.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb64" href="#pb64" name=

-"pb64">64</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">When we reached the army&rsquo;s landing,</p>

-<p class="line">Quick the boats were filled with men;</p>

-<p class="line">Like a thunderbolt from heaven,</p>

-<p class="line">Did the deadly work begin.</p>

-<p class="line">Transports glided o&rsquo;er the current,</p>

-<p class="line">Like a shuttle to and fro,</p>

-<p class="line">Moving Cherokee and white men,</p>

-<p class="line">To confront a worthy foe.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Scaled the ramparts of the fortress,</p>

-<p class="line">Stormed the inner citadel,</p>

-<p class="line">And we massacred the inmates!</p>

-<p class="line">How? No human tongue can tell.</p>

-<p class="line">Not a woman, child or human</p>

-<p class="line">Made escape, but all were slain</p>

-<p class="line">In the fort or in the river,</p>

-<p class="line">Or upon the gory plain.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">When the massacre and slaughter</p>

-<p class="line">Had abated, all the slain</p>

-<p class="line">Numbered more than a thousand,</p>

-<p class="line">In the fort or on the plain.</p>

-<p class="line">Many floated in the river,</p>

-<p class="line">Many died out in the woods,</p>

-<p class="line">And were buried in the forest,</p>

-<p class="line">By erosion or the floods.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb65" href="#pb65" name=

-"pb65">65</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Sad and silent stood the fortress,</p>

-<p class="line">All deserted and alone;</p>

-<p class="line">Not a man or child or matron,</p>

-<p class="line">Now was left to claim their own.</p>

-<p class="line">All the warriors and the chieftains</p>

-<p class="line">Died in conflict true and brave;</p>

-<p class="line">None were left to tell the story,</p>

-<p class="line">Or to mark some lonely grave.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Cruel man! O God, forgive them!</p>

-<p class="line">Pity such a cruel race.</p>

-<p class="line">In their stead, O God of nations,</p>

-<p class="line">Send some one to take their place,</p>

-<p class="line">Who is humane, who is human,</p>

-<p class="line">Who is honest, kind and true,</p>

-<p class="line">Who when given strength and power,</p>

-<p class="line">Destroys not, but spares a few.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">In the lore of ancient nations,</p>

-<p class="line">In the tales of modern times,</p>

-<p class="line">In the prose that now remaineth,</p>

-<p class="line">Nor the poet&rsquo;s splendid rhymes,</p>

-<p class="line">Is a story told more cruel</p>

-<p class="line">Than the slaughter of the Creeks,</p>

-<p class="line">By the Persians, Jews or Romans,</p>

-<p class="line">Macedonians or Greeks;</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb66" href="#pb66" name=

-"pb66">66</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Where a nation, like a shadow,</p>

-<p class="line">Vanished quickly and was not,</p>

-<p class="line">Like a vapor in the valley</p>

-<p class="line">Passes and is soon forgot.</p>

-<p class="line">Passes like a fleeing phantom,</p>

-<p class="line">Like a mist before the sun,</p>

-<p class="line">Came and tarried for a moment,</p>

-<p class="line">And forever was undone.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Occoneechee, come and travel,</p>

-<p class="line">To the distant mountains high,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the summit of the mountains,</p>

-<p class="line">Tower upward toward the sky.</p>

-<p class="line">Delectable the splendid mountains,</p>

-<p class="line">Rich in ferns forever green,</p>

-<p class="line">And the galaxy of the mountains</p>

-<p class="line">Are the rarest ever seen.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Mortal eyes have never witnessed,</p>

-<p class="line">Mortal tongue can never tell</p>

-<p class="line">Of the grandeur and the beauty</p>

-<p class="line">Of the ravine and the dell.</p>

-<p class="line">Strange declivities confront you,</p>

-<p class="line">Then a sudden upright wall</p>

-<p class="line">Rises like a mystic figure,</p>

-<p class="line">With a splendid waterfall.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb67" href="#pb67" name=

-"pb67">67</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">I will take you to the summit</p>

-<p class="line">Of the mountains white with age,</p>

-<p class="line">And will show you where the tempests</p>

-<p class="line">Rush and roar with ceaseless rage,</p>

-<p class="line">Where phenomena electric</p>

-<p class="line">Makes mysterious display</p>

-<p class="line">Of their power and their beauty</p>

-<p class="line">In the distance far away;</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="figure xd23e3100width" id="p067-1"><img src=

-"images/p067-1.jpg" alt="Balsam Mountains." width="647" height="485">

-<p class="figureHead"><span class="corr" id="xd23e3102" title=

-"Not in source">Balsam Mountains.</span></p>

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="q">

-<div class="body">

-<div class="lgouter">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;I will take you to the summit</p>

-<p class="line">Of the mountains white with age.&rdquo;</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="figure xd23e3115width" id="p067-2"><img src=

-"images/p067-2.jpg" alt="From Bald Rock." width="640" height="489">

-<p class="figureHead">From Bald Rock.</p>

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="q">

-<div class="body">

-<div class="lgouter">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;At the juncture of the river</p>

-<p class="line">Where the Indians used to dwell.<span class="corr" id=

-"xd23e3127" title="Not in source">&rdquo;</span></p>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="lgouter">

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">You can see the flash of lightning,</p>

-<p class="line">And can hear the thunders roll,</p>

-<p class="line">With reverberating echoes,</p>

-<p class="line">That o&rsquo;erwhelm your very soul,</p>

-<p class="line">Make you sigh and shake and shudder,</p>

-<p class="line">Make you tremble like a leaf,</p>

-<p class="line">Make you crouch in soul and body,</p>

-<p class="line">Like the life o&rsquo;ercome with grief.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Yet you stand and gaze in wonder,</p>

-<p class="line">Watch the elements grown dark;</p>

-<p class="line">Adoration turns to terror,</p>

-<p class="line">At the least electric spark;</p>

-<p class="line">Vivid flashes light the heavens,</p>

-<p class="line">Keep them in perpetual glow,</p>

-<p class="line">Like aurora borealis</p>

-<p class="line">From beyond eternal snow.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb68" href="#pb68" name=

-"pb68">68</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">God eternal sends the sunshine,</p>

-<p class="line">Melts the vapor, chains the cloud,</p>

-<p class="line">Cages up the lightning flashes,</p>

-<p class="line">Stops the peels of thunder loud.</p>

-<p class="line">Changes discord into music,</p>

-<p class="line">And the soul with it He thrills,</p>

-<p class="line">From the music on the mountains,</p>

-<p class="line">Made by leaping, laughing rills.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Look! behold the ray that cometh,</p>

-<p class="line">Fills the earth with hope again,</p>

-<p class="line">Dissipates the clouds and vapor,</p>

-<p class="line">With their shadows and their rain.</p>

-<p class="line">See the sunburst full of glory,</p>

-<p class="line">Shoot forth rays of gilt and gold,</p>

-<p class="line">Sung by bards, portrayed by artists</p>

-<p class="line">Yet its glory ne&rsquo;er was told.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Painters fail to give description,</p>

-<p class="line">Fail on canvas to portray,</p>

-<p class="line">Rising sun within the mountains,</p>

-<p class="line">And the glorious dawn of day;</p>

-<p class="line">Sages, bards and humble poets,</p>

-<p class="line">All are pigmies in the eyes</p>

-<p class="line">Of the one who stands and watches</p>

-<p class="line">Sunshine from its sleep arise.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb69" href="#pb69" name=

-"pb69">69</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Picturesque! O scenes eternal!</p>

-<p class="line">From the dizzy, dizzy heights</p>

-<p class="line">Of Grandfather, Rone and Linville,</p>

-<p class="line">From which rivers take their flights.</p>

-<p class="line">Yadkin, Broad and the Catawbas,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the Indians used to roam,</p>

-<p class="line">Are the habitation only</p>

-<p class="line">Of the white man and his home.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">High upon the Linville mountains</p>

-<p class="line">Creeps a silent silver stream,</p>

-<p class="line">From the shadows of the forest,</p>

-<p class="line">Like the splendor of a dream,</p>

-<p class="line">Then it runs amid the boulders,</p>

-<p class="line">Joins with many sparkling rills,</p>

-<p class="line">That comes rushing from the forest,</p>

-<p class="line">Of those high eternal hills,</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Till its speed becomes augmented,</p>

-<p class="line">Till you hear the rushing sounds,</p>

-<p class="line">Of the Linville river raging,</p>

-<p class="line">As it leaps and falls and bounds,</p>

-<p class="line">As it dashes through the granite,</p>

-<p class="line">Falls into the natural pool,</p>

-<p class="line">Built by nature in the chasm,</p>

-<p class="line">With its water clear and cool.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb70" href="#pb70" name=

-"pb70">70</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">In the Blue Ridge range of mountains</p>

-<p class="line">Stand a thousand spires and domes,</p>

-<p class="line">Built of adamant eternal,</p>

-<p class="line">From whose base the river roams,</p>

-<p class="line">Like the maiden Occoneechee,</p>

-<p class="line">Wanders out replete with tears,</p>

-<p class="line">Into strange lands, unto strangers,</p>

-<p class="line">Thru the lapse of passing years,</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Longing to be reunited,</p>

-<p class="line">With her fiance forever,</p>

-<p class="line">From his presence and his wooing,</p>

-<p class="line">To be separated never.</p>

-<p class="line">Thus the river and the maiden</p>

-<p class="line">Rambled through the mountains wild,</p>

-<p class="line">Seeking for a long lost lover,</p>

-<p class="line">As a mother seeks her child.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Climbs the black dome of the mountain,</p>

-<p class="line">Richest pinnacle e&rsquo;er seen;</p>

-<p class="line">And the landscape lay before her,</p>

-<p class="line">With its mounds and vales between.</p>

-<p class="line">Lends enchantment grand and gorgeous,</p>

-<p class="line">Gives a new lease unto life,</p>

-<p class="line">And you soon forget you&rsquo;re living</p>

-<p class="line">In a world of care and strife.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb71" href="#pb71" name=

-"pb71">71</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Thus Mount Mitchell in the Blue Ridge,</p>

-<p class="line">Zenith hill among the hills,</p>

-<p class="line">Sends forth life anew forever,</p>

-<p class="line">And a thousand rippling rills.</p>

-<p class="line">In the distance the Savannah&rsquo;s</p>

-<p class="line">Flows a stream of pure delight,</p>

-<p class="line">Flows she on, and on forever,</p>

-<p class="line">Never stopping day or night.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">For her mission is a true one,</p>

-<p class="line">And the river ever true,</p>

-<p class="line">Rolls along the grandest valley,</p>

-<p class="line">That a river e&rsquo;er rolled through;</p>

-<p class="line">Peopled by a population</p>

-<p class="line">Rich in soul and thought divine,</p>

-<p class="line">From her source up in the mountains,</p>

-<p class="line">Till her soul the sea entwines.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Turning to the sun that&rsquo;s setting,</p>

-<p class="line">Setting far beyond the rim,</p>

-<p class="line">Of the horizon of vision,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the eyes grow weak and dim,</p>

-<p class="line">You behold the Swannanoa,</p>

-<p class="line">Naiad, pure and fresh and sweet,</p>

-<p class="line">Crystalline, and cool and limpid,</p>

-<p class="line">Strays some other stream to greet.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb72" href="#pb72" name=

-"pb72">72</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">From the cliffside in the mountains</p>

-<p class="line">Roll a thousand little streams,</p>

-<p class="line">Laughing as they greet each other,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the sunshine never beams;</p>

-<p class="line">Rippling, idling, swirling slowly,</p>

-<p class="line">Leaping down a waterfall,</p>

-<p class="line">You can hear the drops of water,</p>

-<p class="line">Sweetly to their compeers call.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Down the valley glides the river,</p>

-<p class="line">Murmuring a sad farewell,</p>

-<p class="line">To the birds and bees and people,</p>

-<p class="line">Who along its highway dwell;</p>

-<p class="line">Wishing them a happy future,</p>

-<p class="line">Wishing them prosperity,</p>

-<p class="line">While it fills its many missions</p>

-<p class="line">&lsquo;Twixt the mountains and the sea.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Bathing rocks, refreshing people,</p>

-<p class="line">Casting up its silver spray,</p>

-<p class="line">As it glides along the valley,</p>

-<p class="line">Flows forever and for aye.</p>

-<p class="line">Men may move their tents and chattels,</p>

-<p class="line">Others die or go astray,</p>

-<p class="line">Still the stream flows fresh forever,</p>

-<p class="line">Never resting night or day.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb73" href="#pb73" name=

-"pb73">73</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Giving life unto the flowers,</p>

-<p class="line">Blooming on its verdant side,</p>

-<p class="line">As it travels, as it journeys,</p>

-<p class="line">As its ripples make their stride.</p>

-<p class="line">In the gloaming of the twilight,</p>

-<p class="line">When the birds had ceased to fly,</p>

-<p class="line">And the dazzling dome of heaven</p>

-<p class="line">Gave resplendence to the sky.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="figure xd23e3446width" id="p073"><img src="images/p073.jpg"

-alt="Lower Cullasaja Falls." width="464" height="720">

-<p class="figureHead">Lower Cullasaja Falls.</p>

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="q">

-<div class="body">

-<div class="lgouter">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;From the cliffside in the mountains</p>

-<p class="line">Roll a thousand little streams.&rdquo;</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="lgouter">

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Occoneechee, squaw and warrior,</p>

-<p class="line">Watched the stream, as on it sped,</p>

-<p class="line">Rippling o&rsquo;er the pebbly bottom,</p>

-<p class="line">Lying on its rocky bed;</p>

-<p class="line">Grasses waving green around them,</p>

-<p class="line">Nodding boughs bid them adieu,</p>

-<p class="line">And it wafted them caresses,</p>

-<p class="line">Like the sunbeams sparkling dew.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Precious fragrance filled the valley,</p>

-<p class="line">From the sweet shrub and the pine,</p>

-<p class="line">Luscious fruits and ripening melons</p>

-<p class="line">Lade the apple tree and vine.</p>

-<p class="line">All along the pretty valley,</p>

-<p class="line">Harvest fields and curing hay</p>

-<p class="line">Make the white man rich and happy,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the warriors used to stray.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb74" href="#pb74" name=

-"pb74">74</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">At the juncture of the river,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the Indians used to dwell,</p>

-<p class="line">Where they made their pots of red clay,</p>

-<p class="line">Made them crude but made them well,</p>

-<p class="line">Here they tented long and hunted,</p>

-<p class="line">Fished the Tah-kee-os-tee stream,</p>

-<p class="line">Strolled along the racing river,</p>

-<p class="line">Where its rippling waters gleam.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Moons passed on, and yet no greetings</p>

-<p class="line">Came to cheer the wandering maid,</p>

-<p class="line">Who so long had sought her lover,</p>

-<p class="line">Till her hopes began to fade,</p>

-<p class="line">And she felt that she must hasten,</p>

-<p class="line">Quickly hasten thru the wild,</p>

-<p class="line">By the rapid river racing,</p>

-<p class="line">She the nature-loving child.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Then they took their little ponies,</p>

-<p class="line">Girt them with a roebuck hide,</p>

-<p class="line">Seated on the nimble ponies,</p>

-<p class="line">Started swiftly on the ride,</p>

-<p class="line">On to Toxaway the river,</p>

-<p class="line">On to Toxaway the lake,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the leaf of vine and alder,</p>

-<p class="line">Hide the muskrat and the snake.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb75" href="#pb75" name=

-"pb75">75</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">All along the racing river,</p>

-<p class="line">Gorgeous forest trees are seen,</p>

-<p class="line">And the wild deer in the forest</p>

-<p class="line">Dwells beneath the coat of green.</p>

-<p class="line">Here the beaver, hare and turkey</p>

-<p class="line">Share their food and come to drink,</p>

-<p class="line">In the splendid spreading forest,</p>

-<p class="line">Near the Tah-kee-os-tee&rsquo;s brink.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Here they fished and caught the rainbow,</p>

-<p class="line">Caught the little mountain trout,</p>

-<p class="line">In the lake and in the river,</p>

-<p class="line">With their poles both crude and stout;</p>

-<p class="line">Caught the squirrel and the pheasant,</p>

-<p class="line">Chased the turkey, deer and bear,</p>

-<p class="line">Caught a-plenty, all they needed,</p>

-<p class="line">Yet they had not one to spare.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">In the sapphire land they lingered</p>

-<p class="line">Many days and many nights,</p>

-<p class="line">On the mountains, &lsquo;mid the laurel,</p>

-<p class="line">Looking at the wondrous sights,</p>

-<p class="line">That will greet you in the mountains,</p>

-<p class="line">That you see in vales below,</p>

-<p class="line">As you tread the paths untrodden,</p>

-<p class="line">As you wander to and fro.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb76" href="#pb76" name=

-"pb76">76</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">In the forest land primeval</p>

-<p class="line">Where the fountains form their heads,</p>

-<p class="line">Lies the famous vale of flowers,</p>

-<p class="line">Splendid valley of pink beds.</p>

-<p class="line">Every tribe and every hunter</p>

-<p class="line">Knows this lone secluded spot,</p>

-<p class="line">From the other vales so famous;</p>

-<p class="line">When once seen is ne&rsquo;er forgot.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">In this vale of flowers and sunshine,</p>

-<p class="line">Lies the Aidenn, most tranquil,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the sore and heavy-laden,</p>

-<p class="line">Gambol peacefully at will;</p>

-<p class="line">Hear the trill of distant music,</p>

-<p class="line">Played on Nature&rsquo;s vibrant chime,</p>

-<p class="line">Resonant with sweetest concord</p>

-<p class="line">All attuned to perfect time.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Here the weary, heavy-laden</p>

-<p class="line">Soul, may lose his load of care,</p>

-<p class="line">And the body, sick and wounded,</p>

-<p class="line">Find an answer to his prayer.</p>

-<p class="line">Precious incense here arises,</p>

-<p class="line">From the brasier of the vale</p>

-<p class="line">That ascends the lofty mountains,</p>

-<p class="line">By an unseen, trackless trail.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb77" href="#pb77" name=

-"pb77">77</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Pisgah stands, the peer and rival</p>

-<p class="line">Of Olympus, famed of old,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the gods met in their councils,</p>

-<p class="line">And their consultations held.</p>

-<p class="line">Looking far across the valleys,</p>

-<p class="line">They behold on either side,</p>

-<p class="line">Rivers, vales and gushing fountains,</p>

-<p class="line">Which forever shall abide.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="figure xd23e3671width" id="p077-1"><img src=

-"images/p077-1.jpg" alt="Mount Pisgah." width="647" height="641">

-<p class="figureHead"><span class="corr" id="xd23e3673" title=

-"Not in source">Mount Pisgah.</span></p>

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="q">

-<div class="body">

-<div class="lgouter">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Pisgah stands the peer and rival</p>

-<p class="line">of Olympus, famed of old.&rdquo;</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="figure xd23e3686width" id="p077-2"><img src=

-"images/p077-2.jpg" alt="Indian Mound, Franklin, N. C." width="648"

-height="324">

-<p class="figureHead">Indian Mound, Franklin, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="q">

-<div class="body">

-<div class="lgouter">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Where the mound stands in the meadow</p>

-<p class="line">There the tribe was wont to gather.&rdquo;</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="lgouter">

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">In the distance stands eternal,</p>

-<p class="line">Junaluska&rsquo;s pretty mound,</p>

-<p class="line">Which in beauty of the landscape</p>

-<p class="line">Is the grandest ever found.</p>

-<p class="line">Rushing streams of purest water,</p>

-<p class="line">Giving off their silver spray,</p>

-<p class="line">Add a beauty to the forest,</p>

-<p class="line">In a new and novel way.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">And the balsam peaks of fir tree</p>

-<p class="line">Looks like midnight in the day,</p>

-<p class="line">Looks like shadows in the sunshine,</p>

-<p class="line">In the fading far away.</p>

-<p class="line">Dense and dark and much foreboding</p>

-<p class="line">Apprehensions do declare,</p>

-<p class="line">To the one who sleeps beneath them</p>

-<p class="line">With its flood of balmy air.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb78" href="#pb78" name=

-"pb78">78</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Occoneechee, forest dweller,</p>

-<p class="line">We have traveled many miles,</p>

-<p class="line">Through the mountains, o&rsquo;er the valleys,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the face of Nature smiled;</p>

-<p class="line">We have tasted of the fountains,</p>

-<p class="line">Whence breaks forth the Keowee,</p>

-<p class="line">Nymph of beauty, joy and pleasure,</p>

-<p class="line">Once the home of Cherokee.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">We have rested near the water,</p>

-<p class="line">Seen the fleck and shimmering flow,</p>

-<p class="line">Of the waters kissed by Nature,</p>

-<p class="line">Lovely river Tugaloo,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the Cherokee once rambled,</p>

-<p class="line">Spoiled &lsquo;mid the scenes so wild,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the forest and the river</p>

-<p class="line">Have the wood-gods oft beguiled.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Wandered o&rsquo;er the sapphire country,</p>

-<p class="line">Land which doth the soul delight,</p>

-<p class="line">With its mounds and vales and rivers;</p>

-<p class="line">God ne&rsquo;er made a holier site</p>

-<p class="line">For the human race to dwell in,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the human soul can rise,</p>

-<p class="line">Higher in its aspirations</p>

-<p class="line">Toward the rich Utopian skies&rdquo;</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb79" href="#pb79" name=

-"pb79">79</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Here the lyrics sung by Nature,</p>

-<p class="line">Played upon its strings of gold,</p>

-<p class="line">Float out on the evening breezes,</p>

-<p class="line">And its music ne&rsquo;er grows old,</p>

-<p class="line">To the soul and life and spirit,</p>

-<p class="line">Which is bent and bowed with care.</p>

-<p class="line">This the sweetest land Elysian,</p>

-<p class="line">To the one who wanders there.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Convolutions of the lilies,</p>

-<p class="line">Tranquil bloom and curve and die,</p>

-<p class="line">Near the river, &lsquo;neath the shadows</p>

-<p class="line">Of the white pine, smooth and high.</p>

-<p class="line">Sparkling, gleaming in the sunlight</p>

-<p class="line">Bursts the water, pure and free,</p>

-<p class="line">From the rocks high on the mountains,</p>

-<p class="line">Once the home of Cherokee.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Dancing, rippling, roaring, rushing,</p>

-<p class="line">Comes Tallulah in its rage,</p>

-<p class="line">Like an eagle bounding forward,</p>

-<p class="line">From an exit in a cage.</p>

-<p class="line">In the distance, you behold it</p>

-<p class="line">Rise and babble, laugh and smile;</p>

-<p class="line">Then amid the reeds and rushes,</p>

-<p class="line">Turns and loiters for awhile.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb80" href="#pb80" name=

-"pb80">80</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Then it curves among the eddies,</p>

-<p class="line">Hastens on to meet the bend,</p>

-<p class="line">In the meadows, like the fragrance</p>

-<p class="line">Borne aloft upon the wind;</p>

-<p class="line">Silently reflecting sunbeams</p>

-<p class="line">To the distant verdant hill</p>

-<p class="line">From its surface calm and placid,</p>

-<p class="line">Smooth, untarnished little rill;</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Gleams and glides accelerated,</p>

-<p class="line">As it gathers, as it grows,</p>

-<p class="line">As the brook becomes a river,</p>

-<p class="line">As it ever onward flows;</p>

-<p class="line">Swirls and turns and dashes downward,</p>

-<p class="line">Heaves and moans and dashes wild,</p>

-<p class="line">For a chasm down the canyon,</p>

-<p class="line">Like a lost, demented child;</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Furious, frantic, leaps and lashes</p>

-<p class="line">Down into the great abyss,</p>

-<p class="line">Falls and foams and seethes forever</p>

-<p class="line">Where the rocks and river kiss.</p>

-<p class="line">Tallulah Falls, the work and wonder</p>

-<p class="line">Of the cycles and the age,</p>

-<p class="line">Pours its deluge down the ravine,</p>

-<p class="line">Unobstructed in its rage.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb81" href="#pb81" name=

-"pb81">81</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Flying fowls of evil omen,</p>

-<p class="line">Dare not stop it in its flight,</p>

-<p class="line">Lest the river overwhelm them</p>

-<p class="line">With its power of strength and might&mdash;</p>

-<p class="line">Lest the river dash to pieces</p>

-<p class="line">Bird or beast that would impede</p>

-<p class="line">Such a torrent as confronts you</p>

-<p class="line">With its force of fearful speed.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="figure xd23e3910width" id="p081"><img src="images/p081.jpg"

-alt="Tallulah Falls, Ga." width="462" height="720">

-<p class="figureHead">Tallulah Falls, Ga.</p>

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="q">

-<div class="body">

-<div class="lgouter">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;In the forest land primeval</p>

-<p class="line">Where the fountains form their heads.&rdquo;</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="lgouter">

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Then it rushes fast and furious</p>

-<p class="line">Into mist and fog and spray,</p>

-<p class="line">Rises like the ghost of Banquo,</p>

-<p class="line">Will not linger, stop nor stay.</p>

-<p class="line">O&rsquo;er the precipice it plunges,</p>

-<p class="line">Bounds and surges down the steep,</p>

-<p class="line">As it gushes forth forever,</p>

-<p class="line">Toward the blue and boundless deep.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">In the Appalachian mountains</p>

-<p class="line">Stands Satulah, high and proud,</p>

-<p class="line">With its base upon the Blue Ridge,</p>

-<p class="line">And its head above the cloud.</p>

-<p class="line">From its top the panorama</p>

-<p class="line">Rises grandly into view,</p>

-<p class="line">And presents a thousand landscapes,</p>

-<p class="line">Every one to Nature true.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb82" href="#pb82" name=

-"pb82">82</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Round by round the mountains rise up,</p>

-<p class="line">Round on round, and tier on tier,</p>

-<p class="line">You behold them in their beauty,</p>

-<p class="line">Through a vista, bright and clear.</p>

-<p class="line">Like concentric circles floating,</p>

-<p class="line">Ebbing on a crystal bay</p>

-<p class="line">To the distance they&rsquo;re receding,</p>

-<p class="line">Fading like declining day.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Hardby stands the Whiteside Mountain,</p>

-<p class="line">Like an athlete, strong and tall,</p>

-<p class="line">Perpendicularly rising</p>

-<p class="line">As a mighty granite wall;</p>

-<p class="line">Towering o&rsquo;er the Cashier&rsquo;s valley,</p>

-<p class="line">Stretching calmly at its base,</p>

-<p class="line">Like a bouquet of rich roses</p>

-<p class="line">Beautifying Nature&rsquo;s vase.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">High above the other mountains,</p>

-<p class="line">Whiteside stands in bold relief,</p>

-<p class="line">With its court house and its cavern</p>

-<p class="line">Refuge for the soul with grief;</p>

-<p class="line">Like a monolith it rises</p>

-<p class="line">To a grand majestic height,</p>

-<p class="line">Till its crest becomes a mirror,</p>

-<p class="line">To refract the rays of light.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb83" href="#pb83" name=

-"pb83">83</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">From its summit grand and gorgeous</p>

-<p class="line">Like a splendid stereoscope,</p>

-<p class="line">Comes a view yet undiscovered</p>

-<p class="line">Full of awe, and life and hope<span class="corr" id=

-"xd23e4020" title="Not in source">.</span></p>

-<p class="line">Smiling vales and nodding forests</p>

-<p class="line">Greet you like a loving child,</p>

-<p class="line">From the zenith of the mountain,</p>

-<p class="line">Comes the landscape undefiled.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Flying clouds pour forth their shadows,</p>

-<p class="line">As the curious mystic maze</p>

-<p class="line">Shrouds the mountains from the vision,</p>

-<p class="line">With its dark and lowering haze.</p>

-<p class="line">Fog so dense come stealing o&rsquo;er you</p>

-<p class="line">That you know not day from night,</p>

-<p class="line">Till the rifting of the shadows</p>

-<p class="line">Makes room for the golden light.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">In the Blue Ridge, near the headland</p>

-<p class="line">In the Hamburg scenic mountains,</p>

-<p class="line">Comes a silver flow of water</p>

-<p class="line">From a score of dancing fountains,</p>

-<p class="line">Tripping lightly, leaping gently,</p>

-<p class="line">Slipping &lsquo;neath the underbrush</p>

-<p class="line">Without noise it creepeth slowly</p>

-<p class="line">Toward the place of onward rush.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb84" href="#pb84" name=

-"pb84">84</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Floats along beneath the hemlock,</p>

-<p class="line">Nods to swaying spruce and pine,</p>

-<p class="line">Murmurs in its pebbly bottom</p>

-<p class="line">Holds converse with tree and vine.</p>

-<p class="line">Winds around the jutting ledges</p>

-<p class="line">Of translucent spar and flint,</p>

-<p class="line">With effulgence like the jasper</p>

-<p class="line">With its glare and gleam and glint.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Moving onward, moving ever,</p>

-<p class="line">In its course o&rsquo;er amber bed,</p>

-<p class="line">While the bluejay and the robin</p>

-<p class="line">Perch in tree top overhead;</p>

-<p class="line">Perch and sing of joy and freedom,</p>

-<p class="line">Fill the glen with pleasure&rsquo;s song,</p>

-<p class="line">As the waters, fresh and sparkling,</p>

-<p class="line">Rippling, gliding, pass along.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Thus the Tuckaseigee river</p>

-<p class="line">Rises far back in the dell,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the dank marsh of the mountain</p>

-<p class="line">Rise and fall, assuage and swell,</p>

-<p class="line">Till its flow becomes augmented</p>

-<p class="line">By a thousand little streams</p>

-<p class="line">Coming from the rocky highlands</p>

-<p class="line">Through their fissures and their seams.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb85" href="#pb85" name=

-"pb85">85</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Fills the valley, passes quickly,</p>

-<p class="line">Trips and falls a hundred feet,</p>

-<p class="line">Swirls a moment, makes a struggle,</p>

-<p class="line">Doth the same rash act repeat.</p>

-<p class="line">Rushes, rages, fumes and surges,</p>

-<p class="line">Dashes into mist and spray,</p>

-<p class="line">Heaves and sighs, foments and lashes,</p>

-<p class="line">As it turns to rush away;</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Roars and fills the earth and heaven</p>

-<p class="line">With the pean of its rage,</p>

-<p class="line">Plunges down deep in the gulches,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the rocks are worn with age.</p>

-<p class="line">Maddened by the sudden conflict,</p>

-<p class="line">Starts anew to rend the wall</p>

-<p class="line">That confines its turbid waters</p>

-<p class="line">To the defile and the fall.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Once again it leaps and rushes</p>

-<p class="line">Toward the towering granite wall,</p>

-<p class="line">And it bounds full many a fathom</p>

-<p class="line">In its final furious fall.</p>

-<p class="line">Much it moans and seethes and surges,</p>

-<p class="line">Starts again at rapid speed,</p>

-<p class="line">O&rsquo;er the rocky pot-hole gushes</p>

-<p class="line">Like a gaited blooded steed.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb86" href="#pb86" name=

-"pb86">86</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Thus the Tuckaseigee river</p>

-<p class="line">Falls into the great abyss</p>

-<p class="line">Down the canyon, rough and rugged,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the spar and granite kiss.</p>

-<p class="line">Then it flows still fast and faster,</p>

-<p class="line">With its flood both bright and clear,</p>

-<p class="line">Through the cycles ripe with ages</p>

-<p class="line">Month on month and year on year.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Near the apex of the mountains,</p>

-<p class="line">In the silence of the dale,</p>

-<p class="line">Where no human foot has trodden</p>

-<p class="line">Path or road or warrior&rsquo;s trail,</p>

-<p class="line">From the tarn or seep there drippeth</p>

-<p class="line">Crystal water bright and free,</p>

-<p class="line">That becomes a nymph of beauty,</p>

-<p class="line">Pretty vale of Cullowhee.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">In the spreading vale the townhouse,</p>

-<p class="line">And the Indian village stood;</p>

-<p class="line">In the alcove, well secluded,</p>

-<p class="line">In the grove of walnut wood.</p>

-<p class="line">Ancient chiefs held many councils,</p>

-<p class="line">Sung the war-song, kept the dance,</p>

-<p class="line">While the squaws and pretty maidens</p>

-<p class="line">Vie each other in the prance.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb87" href="#pb87" name=

-"pb87">87</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Cullowhee, thou stream and valley,</p>

-<p class="line">Once the domicile and home,</p>

-<p class="line">Of a people free and happy,</p>

-<p class="line">Free from tribal fear and gloom,</p>

-<p class="line">Where, O where, are thy great warriors&mdash;</p>

-<p class="line">Where thy chiefs and warriors bold&mdash;</p>

-<p class="line">Who once held in strict abeyance</p>

-<p class="line">Those who plundered you of old?</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Gone forever are thy warriors,</p>

-<p class="line">Gone thy chiefs and maidens fair,</p>

-<p class="line">Vanished like the mist of summer,</p>

-<p class="line">Gone! but none can tell us where.</p>

-<p class="line">From their homes were hounded, driven,</p>

-<p class="line">Like the timid hind or deer,</p>

-<p class="line">Herded like the driven cattle,</p>

-<p class="line">Forced from home by gun and spear.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Tell me, vale or rippling water,</p>

-<p class="line">Tell me if ye can or will,</p>

-<p class="line">If you&rsquo;ve seen my long-lost lover</p>

-<p class="line">Known as wandering Whippoorwill?&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="line">But the water, cool and placid,</p>

-<p class="line">That comes from the mountain high</p>

-<p class="line">Swirled a moment, then departing</p>

-<p class="line">Made no answer or reply.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb88" href="#pb88" name=

-"pb88">88</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Then the maiden&rsquo;s grief grew greater,</p>

-<p class="line">As she lingered by the stream</p>

-<p class="line">Watching for some sign or token</p>

-<p class="line">Or some vision through a dream;</p>

-<p class="line">But no dream made revelation,</p>

-<p class="line">Only sorrow filled her years,</p>

-<p class="line">And her eyes lost much of luster</p>

-<p class="line">As her cheeks suffused with tears.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Turning thence into the forest</p>

-<p class="line">Over hill and brook and mound,</p>

-<p class="line">To the Cullasaja river</p>

-<p class="line">Through the forest land they wound;</p>

-<p class="line">Through the tangled brush and ivy,</p>

-<p class="line">Rough and rugged mountainside,</p>

-<p class="line">Led the ponies through the forest,</p>

-<p class="line">Far too steep for them to ride.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">They descended trails deserted,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the chieftains used to go,</p>

-<p class="line">Near the Cullasaja river,</p>

-<p class="line">Near its rough uneven flow;</p>

-<p class="line">Camped upon its bank at evening,</p>

-<p class="line">Heard at night the roar and splash</p>

-<p class="line">Of the voice of many waters</p>

-<p class="line">Down the fearful cascade dash.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb89" href="#pb89" name=

-"pb89">89</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Stood at sunrise where the shadow</p>

-<p class="line">Of the cliffs cast darkening shade,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the rainbows chase the rainbow</p>

-<p class="line">Like as sorrows chased the maid.</p>

-<p class="line">Traveled down the silver current,</p>

-<p class="line">Rested often on the way,</p>

-<p class="line">Strolled the banks and fished the current</p>

-<p class="line">Of the crystal Ellijay.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Pleasantly the winding current</p>

-<p class="line">Eddies, swirls and loiters free</p>

-<p class="line">Till it joins the radiant waters</p>

-<p class="line">Of the little Tennessee;</p>

-<p class="line">Where the mound stands in the meadow,</p>

-<p class="line">Once the townhouse capped its crest,</p>

-<p class="line">There the tribe was wont to gather,</p>

-<p class="line">Council, plan and seek for rest.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">To the mound the tribe assembled,</p>

-<p class="line">From the regions all around,</p>

-<p class="line">Came from Cowee and Coweeta,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the Cherokee abound;</p>

-<p class="line">Came from Nantahala mountains,</p>

-<p class="line">Skeenah and Cartoogechaye,</p>

-<p class="line">Nickajack and sweet Iola,</p>

-<p class="line">And from Choga far away.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb90" href="#pb90" name=

-"pb90">90</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">All the great men and the warriors</p>

-<p class="line">Brought the women, and their wives,</p>

-<p class="line">Came by hundreds without number,</p>

-<p class="line">Like the swarms around the hives;</p>

-<p class="line">But today there is no warrior,</p>

-<p class="line">Not a maiden can be found,</p>

-<p class="line">Tenting on the pretty meadow,</p>

-<p class="line">Or upon Nik-wa-sa mound.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">In the Cowee spur of mountains,</p>

-<p class="line">Stands the Bald and Sentinel,</p>

-<p class="line">Of the valley and the river,</p>

-<p class="line">Of the moorland and the dell.</p>

-<p class="line">Like a pyramid it rises,</p>

-<p class="line">Layer on layer and flight on flight</p>

-<p class="line">Till its crest ascends the confines</p>

-<p class="line">Of the grand imperial height.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">From its summit far receding,</p>

-<p class="line">Contours of the mountains rise,</p>

-<p class="line">Numerous as the constellations</p>

-<p class="line">In the arched dome of the skies.</p>

-<p class="line">Far away beyond the valley</p>

-<p class="line">Double Top confronts the eye,</p>

-<p class="line">Black Rock rises like a shadow</p>

-<p class="line">On the blue ethereal sky.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb91" href="#pb91" name=

-"pb91">91</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Jones' Knob makes its appearance,</p>

-<p class="line">Highest, grandest height of all</p>

-<p class="line">Penetrates the vault of heaven,</p>

-<p class="line">None so picturesque or tall.</p>

-<p class="line">Wayah, Burningtown and Wesser</p>

-<p class="line">Raise their bald heads to the cloud</p>

-<p class="line">High and haughty, rich in beauty</p>

-<p class="line">And extremely vain and proud.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="figure xd23e4450width" id="p091-1"><img src=

-"images/p091-1.jpg" alt="Great Cliff, Whiteside Mountain." width="651"

-height="430">

-<p class="figureHead">Great Cliff, Whiteside Mountain.</p>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="figure xd23e4455width"><img src="images/p091-2.jpg" alt=

-"Whiteside Mountain." width="646" height="437">

-<p class="figureHead"><span class="corr" id="xd23e4457" title=

-"Not in source">Whiteside Mountain.</span></p>

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="q">

-<div class="body">

-<div class="lgouter">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Hardby stands the Whiteside Mountain,</p>

-<p class="line">Like an athlete, strong and tall.&rdquo;</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="lgouter">

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Una and Yalaka mountains</p>

-<p class="line">Stand so near up by the side</p>

-<p class="line">Of the Cowee, that you&rsquo;d take them</p>

-<p class="line">For its consort or its bride.</p>

-<p class="line">Festooned, wreathed and decorated</p>

-<p class="line">With the honeysuckle bloom,</p>

-<p class="line">And the lady-slipper blossom,</p>

-<p class="line">There dispels the hour of gloom.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Ginseng and the Indian turnip</p>

-<p class="line">Grow up from their fallow beds</p>

-<p class="line">In the dark coves of the mountains,</p>

-<p class="line">With their beaded crimson heads.</p>

-<p class="line">Fertile fields and stately meadows</p>

-<p class="line">Stretch along the sylvan streams</p>

-<p class="line">And surpass the fields Elysian,</p>

-<p class="line">Seen in visionary dreams.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb92" href="#pb92" name=

-"pb92">92</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">From the summit of the Cowee</p>

-<p class="line">In the season of the fall,</p>

-<p class="line">Fog fills all the pretty valley</p>

-<p class="line">Settles like the deathly pall,</p>

-<p class="line">Coming from the rill and river,</p>

-<p class="line">To the isothermal belt,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the sunbeam meets the fog-line</p>

-<p class="line">And the frost and ices melt.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Jutting tops of verdant mountains</p>

-<p class="line">Penetrate the fog below,</p>

-<p class="line">As the islands in the ocean</p>

-<p class="line">Form the archipelago.</p>

-<p class="line">Sea of fog stands out before you,</p>

-<p class="line">With its islands and its reef</p>

-<p class="line">Silent and devoid of murmur</p>

-<p class="line">As the quivering aspen leaf.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Occoneechee, look to Northland,</p>

-<p class="line">See the Smoky Mountains rise,</p>

-<p class="line">Like a shadow in the valley</p>

-<p class="line">Or a cloud upon the skies.</p>

-<p class="line">Many days since you beheld them</p>

-<p class="line">In their grand, majestic height;</p>

-<p class="line">Many days from these you&rsquo;ve wandered</p>

-<p class="line">From their fountains, pure and bright.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb93" href="#pb93" name=

-"pb93">93</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Hie thee to the Smoky Mountains,</p>

-<p class="line">Tarry not upon the plain,</p>

-<p class="line">Linger not upon the border</p>

-<p class="line">Of the fields of golden grain.</p>

-<p class="line">Flee thee as a kite or eagle,</p>

-<p class="line">Not a moment stop or stay,</p>

-<p class="line">Hasten to Oconaluftee,</p>

-<p class="line">Be not long upon the way.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;I have much to speak unto you</p>

-<p class="line">E&rsquo;er I take my final leave,</p>

-<p class="line">Some will sadden, some will gladden,</p>

-<p class="line">Some bring joy and some will grieve.</p>

-<p class="line">All our legends, myths and stories</p>

-<p class="line">Soon will fall into decay,</p>

-<p class="line">And I must transmit them to you</p>

-<p class="line">E&rsquo;er I turn to go away.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Mount thee, mount thee quick this pony,</p>

-<p class="line">Spryly spring upon its back,</p>

-<p class="line">Leave no vestige, sign or token</p>

-<p class="line">Or the semblance of a track,</p>

-<p class="line">Whereby man may trace or trail thee,</p>

-<p class="line">In the moorland or morass,</p>

-<p class="line">By the radiant river flowing</p>

-<p class="line">Or secluded mountain pass.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb94" href="#pb94" name=

-"pb94">94</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Grasp the reins, hold fast the girdle,</p>

-<p class="line">Like flamingoes make your flight</p>

-<p class="line">To the great dome of the mountain</p>

-<p class="line">That now gleams within your sight.</p>

-<p class="line">Clingman&rsquo;s Dome, the crowning glory</p>

-<p class="line">Of the high erupted hills,</p>

-<p class="line">They will shield you and protect you,</p>

-<p class="line">With its cliffs and rolling rills.&rdquo;</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Sped they like the rolling current,</p>

-<p class="line">Sped they like a gleam of light,</p>

-<p class="line">Sped they as the flying phantom</p>

-<p class="line">Or a swallow in its flight,</p>

-<p class="line">To their refuge in the mountain,</p>

-<p class="line">To the temple of the earth,</p>

-<p class="line">Near the lonely spot secluded,</p>

-<p class="line">That had known her from her birth.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Standing, gazing, watching, peering,</p>

-<p class="line">Through the azure atmosphere,</p>

-<p class="line">At the wilderness before you</p>

-<p class="line">And the scene both rich and clear.</p>

-<p class="line">Cerulean the gorgeous mountains</p>

-<p class="line">Rise and loom up in your sight,</p>

-<p class="line">Like a splendid constellation</p>

-<p class="line">On a crisp autumnal night.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb95" href="#pb95" name=

-"pb95">95</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">&lsquo;Twixt the fall and winter season,</p>

-<p class="line">Comes a tinge of milky haze,</p>

-<p class="line">Stealing o&rsquo;er the Smoky Mountains,</p>

-<p class="line">Shutting out the solar rays,</p>

-<p class="line">Flooding vales and filling valleys,</p>

-<p class="line">Coming, creeping, crawling slow,</p>

-<p class="line">Fills the firmament with shadows</p>

-<p class="line">As with crystal flakes of snow.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Through the haze and mist and shadows</p>

-<p class="line">You discern a ball of fire,</p>

-<p class="line">From the rim of Nature rising</p>

-<p class="line">As a knighted funeral pyre;</p>

-<p class="line">Yet it moveth slowly upward,</p>

-<p class="line">Creeps aloft along the sky,</p>

-<p class="line">As a billow on the ocean</p>

-<p class="line">Meets the ship, then passes by.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">This you say is Indian summer,</p>

-<p class="line">Tepid season of the year,</p>

-<p class="line">When glad harvest songs ascendeth</p>

-<p class="line">Full of hope and love and cheer.</p>

-<p class="line">From Penobscot, down the Hudson,</p>

-<p class="line">By the Susquehanna wild,</p>

-<p class="line">Through the Shenandoah valley</p>

-<p class="line">Roamed the forest-loving child.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb96" href="#pb96" name=

-"pb96">96</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Roamed the Mohawk and the Huron,</p>

-<p class="line">Seneca and Wyandot,</p>

-<p class="line">Delaware and the Mohican,</p>

-<p class="line">Long since perished and forgot.</p>

-<p class="line">Powhattan and Tuscarora,</p>

-<p class="line">And the wandering Showano,</p>

-<p class="line">Creek and Seminole and Erie,</p>

-<p class="line">Miami and Pamlico,</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Chicasaw and the Osages,</p>

-<p class="line">Kickapoo and Illinois,</p>

-<p class="line">Ottawas and Susquehannas,</p>

-<p class="line">Objibwas and Iroquois,</p>

-<p class="line">Once enjoyed the Indian summers,</p>

-<p class="line">Once to all this land was heir,</p>

-<p class="line">Sportive, free and lithe and happy,</p>

-<p class="line">Chief and maid and matron fair.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">As the blossoms in the forest</p>

-<p class="line">Bloom, then fall into decay,</p>

-<p class="line">So the mighty tribes here mentioned,</p>

-<p class="line">Flourished, so traditions say;</p>

-<p class="line">Then the coming of the white man,</p>

-<p class="line">Spread consternation far and wide;</p>

-<p class="line">Then decay and desolation</p>

-<p class="line">Conquered all their manly pride.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb97" href="#pb97" name=

-"pb97">97</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Treaties made were quickly broken</p>

-<p class="line">And their homes were burned with fire,</p>

-<p class="line">Which provoked the mighty tribesmen</p>

-<p class="line">And aroused their vengeful ire.</p>

-<p class="line">Furious raids on hostile savage</p>

-<p class="line">With the powder-horn and gun,</p>

-<p class="line">Soon reduced the noble red man</p>

-<p class="line">Slowly, surely, one by one,</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Till not one now roams the forest,</p>

-<p class="line">None are left to tell the tale;</p>

-<p class="line">All their guns and bows are broken,</p>

-<p class="line">None now for them weep or wail.</p>

-<p class="line">Only names of streams and mountains</p>

-<p class="line">Keep the memory aglow,</p>

-<p class="line">Of the noble, brave and fearless</p>

-<p class="line">Red men of the long ago.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Cherokee, the seed and offspring</p>

-<p class="line">Residue of Iroquois,</p>

-<p class="line">Silently are disappearing</p>

-<p class="line">Without pageantry or noise.</p>

-<p class="line">Though more civil and more learned</p>

-<p class="line">And much wiser than the rest,</p>

-<p class="line">They will be amalgamated,</p>

-<p class="line">By the white man in the West.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb98" href="#pb98" name=

-"pb98">98</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Occoneechee and the chieftain</p>

-<p class="line">Talked of all that they had seen,</p>

-<p class="line">Of the flow of pretty rivers</p>

-<p class="line">And the matchless mountains green,</p>

-<p class="line">Of the ferns and pretty flowers,</p>

-<p class="line">Parterre of rarest hue,</p>

-<p class="line">Tint of maroon, white and yellow,</p>

-<p class="line">Saffron, lilac, red and blue.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Held they converse of their travels,</p>

-<p class="line">Of the wilderness sublime,</p>

-<p class="line">Of the myths and happy legends</p>

-<p class="line">Told through yielding years of time.</p>

-<p class="line">Of the wars and tales forgotten,</p>

-<p class="line">Of the chiefs and warriors brave</p>

-<p class="line">Who long since have run their journey,</p>

-<p class="line">Who now sleep within the grave.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">At those tales the maiden wept loud,</p>

-<p class="line">Sought for solace thru a sigh,</p>

-<p class="line">Much o&rsquo;ercome by thoughts of loved ones,</p>

-<p class="line">And she prayed that she might die</p>

-<p class="line">High upon the Smoky Mountains,</p>

-<p class="line">Where no human soul can trace</p>

-<p class="line">The seclusions of the forest</p>

-<p class="line">To her lonely burial place.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb99" href="#pb99" name=

-"pb99">99</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Bitterly she wailed in sorrow,</p>

-<p class="line">Saying &ldquo;Tell me, tell me why</p>

-<p class="line">I am left out here so lonely,</p>

-<p class="line">And my tears are never dry?</p>

-<p class="line">Why he comes not at my calling,</p>

-<p class="line">Why he roams some lonely way,</p>

-<p class="line">Why does he not come back to me&mdash;</p>

-<p class="line">Why does he not come and stay?</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="figure xd23e4889width" id="p099-1"><img src=

-"images/p099-1.jpg" alt="Tennessee River, above Franklin, N. C." width=

-"645" height="484">

-<p class="figureHead">Tennessee River, above Franklin, N. C.</p>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="figure xd23e4894width" id="p099-2"><img src=

-"images/p099-2.jpg" alt="Lake Toxaway." width="650" height="431">

-<p class="figureHead">Lake Toxaway.</p>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="lgouter">

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Why and where now does he linger?</p>

-<p class="line">Tell me, silver, crescent moon,</p>

-<p class="line">Shall our parting be forever&mdash;</p>

-<p class="line">Shall our hopes all blast at noon?</p>

-<p class="line">When love&rsquo;s bright star shines the brightest</p>

-<p class="line">Shall it be the sooner set?</p>

-<p class="line">Shall we e&rsquo;er be reunited,</p>

-<p class="line">Tell me, while hope lingers yet!</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Does he linger in the mountains,</p>

-<p class="line">Far up toward the radiant sky?</p>

-<p class="line">Tell me, blessed God of Nature,</p>

-<p class="line">Tell me, blessed Nunnahi.</p>

-<p class="line">Has some evil spirit seized him,</p>

-<p class="line">Hid or carried him away</p>

-<p class="line">Far beyond the gleaming sunset,</p>

-<p class="line">Far out toward the close of day?</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb100" href="#pb100" name=

-"pb100">100</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Will he come back with the morning,</p>

-<p class="line">Borne upon its wings of light,</p>

-<p class="line">From the shade that long has lingered,</p>

-<p class="line">From the darkness of the night?</p>

-<p class="line">Is there none to bring me answer?</p>

-<p class="line">Speak, dear Nature, tell me where</p>

-<p class="line">I may find my long lost lover,</p>

-<p class="line">Is my final feeble prayer.&rdquo;</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Then the chieftain, grand and noble,</p>

-<p class="line">Came and lingered by her side,</p>

-<p class="line">Like a lover in devotion</p>

-<p class="line">Lingers near a loving bride.</p>

-<p class="line">Then in accents like a clarion,</p>

-<p class="line">Sweet and clear, but gently said,</p>

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Whippoorwill, my friend, your lover,</p>

-<p class="line">Comes again, he is not dead!</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;I will go and hunt your lover,</p>

-<p class="line">And will bring him to your side;</p>

-<p class="line">I will roam the forest ever,</p>

-<p class="line">And will cease to be your guide;</p>

-<p class="line">I will find the one you&rsquo;ve looked for,</p>

-<p class="line">And will tell him that you live;</p>

-<p class="line">I will tell him of your rambles,</p>

-<p class="line">And will all my future give,</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb101" href="#pb101" name=

-"pb101">101</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Till I find him in the forest,</p>

-<p class="line">Or upon the flowing brink</p>

-<p class="line">Of the Coosa river flowing,</p>

-<p class="line">Where he used to often drink.</p>

-<p class="line">In the everglades may linger,</p>

-<p class="line">&lsquo;Neath the shade of some cool palm,</p>

-<p class="line">Sweetest refuge of the lowlands,</p>

-<p class="line">With its air of purest balm.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Where the Seminole in silence,</p>

-<p class="line">Made their refuge, long ago,</p>

-<p class="line">From the fierce onslaught of Jackson,</p>

-<p class="line">And exterminating woe.</p>

-<p class="line">He may listen in the silence</p>

-<p class="line">And the solitude of night,</p>

-<p class="line">For some friendly sign or token</p>

-<p class="line">Whereby he may make his flight.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;When I&rsquo;ve found him we will travel,</p>

-<p class="line">We will travel night and day,</p>

-<p class="line">We will hasten on our journey,</p>

-<p class="line">Will not linger nor delay,</p>

-<p class="line">We will speed along the valley</p>

-<p class="line">Like the wind before the rain,</p>

-<p class="line">We will neither stop nor tarry,</p>

-<p class="line">Never from our speed refrain.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb102" href="#pb102" name=

-"pb102">102</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;We will rush along the river,</p>

-<p class="line">Like the maddened swollen tide,</p>

-<p class="line">Like a leaf upon the cyclone</p>

-<p class="line">Rushing forward in its pride;</p>

-<p class="line">Over winter&rsquo;s snow and ices</p>

-<p class="line">We will rush with greatest speed,</p>

-<p class="line">Like a herd of frightened cattle</p>

-<p class="line">Or a trained Kentucky steed.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;I will tell him of your travels</p>

-<p class="line">Into lands he&rsquo;s never seen,</p>

-<p class="line">With their forests and their flowers,</p>

-<p class="line">And their leaves of living green;</p>

-<p class="line">How for years you&rsquo;ve looked and waited,</p>

-<p class="line">Watched the trail and mountainside,</p>

-<p class="line">Watched and hoped long for him coming,</p>

-<p class="line">That you might become his bride.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;I am John Ax, Stagu-Nahi!</p>

-<p class="line">Much I love the mountains wild!</p>

-<p class="line">Friend of those who love the forest,</p>

-<p class="line">Friend of those who love you, child.</p>

-<p class="line">I bespeak a special blessing</p>

-<p class="line">To attend you while I go</p>

-<p class="line">Into strange lands, unto strangers,</p>

-<p class="line">Hither, thither, to and fro.&rdquo;</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb103" href="#pb103" name=

-"pb103">103</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Then he pressed her to his bosom,</p>

-<p class="line">Breathed a silent, parting prayer</p>

-<p class="line">To the Nunnahi in heaven,</p>

-<p class="line">For the lovely maid so fair;</p>

-<p class="line">Prayed and blessed her, then departed</p>

-<p class="line">Thru primeval forests wild,</p>

-<p class="line">Sped he by the rolling waters,</p>

-<p class="line">Heard them laugh and saw them smile.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Sped he by the Coosa river,</p>

-<p class="line">Where great brakes of waving cane,</p>

-<p class="line">Bend before the blowing breezes,</p>

-<p class="line">Like the waves of wind and rain.</p>

-<p class="line">Took the trails where once the chieftain</p>

-<p class="line">Strode at will in lordly pride,</p>

-<p class="line">By the Coosa river flowing</p>

-<p class="line">In its smooth, unrippled tide.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Downward, onward, free and easy,</p>

-<p class="line">Swirls and turns and travels slow,</p>

-<p class="line">As it glitters in the sunlight,</p>

-<p class="line">As its waters onward go.</p>

-<p class="line">Sees the trail almost extinguished</p>

-<p class="line">By the pretty Etawa,</p>

-<p class="line">Where once dwelt in great profusion,</p>

-<p class="line">Chief and maid and tawny squaw.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb104" href="#pb104" name=

-"pb104">104</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Traveled far the Tallapoosa</p>

-<p class="line">Into fen and deep morass,</p>

-<p class="line">Through the wildwood, glade and forest</p>

-<p class="line">Dark defile and narrow pass;</p>

-<p class="line">Footsore, lame and often hungry,</p>

-<p class="line">Traveled onward day and night,</p>

-<p class="line">Like the wild goose speeding forward</p>

-<p class="line">In its semi-annual flight.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">O&rsquo;er the glebes of Alabama,</p>

-<p class="line">Crossed the hill and stream and dale,</p>

-<p class="line">To the Tuskaloosa flowing</p>

-<p class="line">Near the ancient Indian trail,</p>

-<p class="line">Now deserted and forsaken</p>

-<p class="line">Is the war path and the land,</p>

-<p class="line">By the Creek and great Muscogas</p>

-<p class="line">Wandering, wild, nomadic band.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Pensive, lonely and dejected,</p>

-<p class="line">Penetrated he the wild,</p>

-<p class="line">Over fen and bog and prairie,</p>

-<p class="line">Into climates soft and mild.</p>

-<p class="line">By lagoon and lake and river,</p>

-<p class="line">By the deep translucent bay,</p>

-<p class="line">Followed he the sun&rsquo;s direction,</p>

-<p class="line">Many a night and sunlit day.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb105" href="#pb105" name=

-"pb105">105</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Crossed the Mississippi delta,</p>

-<p class="line">Wound through many moor and fen,</p>

-<p class="line">Saw the shining stars at midnight,</p>

-<p class="line">And the dawn of days begin;</p>

-<p class="line">Heard the tramp of bear and bison,</p>

-<p class="line">Heard the wild wolf&rsquo;s dismal howl,</p>

-<p class="line">Saw the glowworm in the rushes,</p>

-<p class="line">Heard the whippoorwill and owl.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Heard the alligator bellow,</p>

-<p class="line">Saw him swim the broad bayou,</p>

-<p class="line">Saw the egret, crane and heron,</p>

-<p class="line">Wading stark and tree-cuckoo.</p>

-<p class="line">Trackless miles spread out before him,</p>

-<p class="line">Stretching leagues of gama grass</p>

-<p class="line">Lay across the course he traveled,</p>

-<p class="line">Lay out where he had to pass.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Dangling mosses from the tree tops,</p>

-<p class="line">Swung by swaying winds and breeze,</p>

-<p class="line">Cling with tendrils to the branches,</p>

-<p class="line">Of the mighty live oak trees.</p>

-<p class="line">Soft as lichens, light as feathers</p>

-<p class="line">Was the tall untrodden grass,</p>

-<p class="line">On the prairie and the meadow,</p>

-<p class="line">And the spreading rich morass.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb106" href="#pb106" name=

-"pb106">106</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Tranquil, peacefully and quiet</p>

-<p class="line">Did the moons and moments wane,</p>

-<p class="line">Till he came to Oklahoma,</p>

-<p class="line">Into his own tribe&rsquo;s domain;</p>

-<p class="line">Here he rested for a season,</p>

-<p class="line">Ate the food and drank for health</p>

-<p class="line">In the land of Oklahoma,</p>

-<p class="line">Land of perfect natural wealth.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Oklahoma, red man&rsquo;s country,</p>

-<p class="line">Blest above all other lands,</p>

-<p class="line">In her natural soil and climate,</p>

-<p class="line">In her ore-beds and her sands;</p>

-<p class="line">In her fertile fields and valleys,</p>

-<p class="line">In her people, true and great,</p>

-<p class="line">Cherokee and Creek and Choctaws</p>

-<p class="line">Make the people of the state.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Here&rsquo;s a land transformed in beauty,</p>

-<p class="line">Touched and tilled by busy toil,</p>

-<p class="line">Responds quickly to the tiller,</p>

-<p class="line">Products of a generous soil.</p>

-<p class="line">Fruits and flowers forever growing,</p>

-<p class="line">Fields of gold and snowy white,</p>

-<p class="line">Songs of harvest home and plenty</p>

-<p class="line">Sung to every one&rsquo;s delight.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb107" href="#pb107" name=

-"pb107">107</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Here with labor, love and patience,</p>

-<p class="line">There arose an empire great,</p>

-<p class="line">Which when settled, tilled and treated,</p>

-<p class="line">Has become a powerful state;</p>

-<p class="line">Filled with people true and honest,</p>

-<p class="line">Filled with people thrifty too,</p>

-<p class="line">And the land is flat and fertile,</p>

-<p class="line">Best that mortals ever knew.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="figure xd23e5319width" id="p107-1"><img src=

-"images/p107-1.jpg" alt="Tomb of Junaluska, Robbinsville, N. C." width=

-"643" height="438">

-<p class="figureHead">Tomb of Junaluska, Robbinsville, N. C.</p>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="figure xd23e5324width" id="p107-2"><img src=

-"images/p107-2.jpg" alt="Where the Serpent Coiled." width="645" height=

-"441">

-<p class="figureHead"><span class="corr" id="xd23e5326" title=

-"Not in source">Where the Serpent Coiled.</span></p>

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="q">

-<div class="body">

-<div class="lgouter">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Where the serpent coiled and waited</p>

-<p class="line">Hid beneath the waving grass.&rdquo;</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="lgouter">

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Once where roamed the bear and bison,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the she wolf and the owl</p>

-<p class="line">Made their home and habitation,</p>

-<p class="line">And the foxes used to prowl;</p>

-<p class="line">Where the serpent coiled and waited,</p>

-<p class="line">Hid beneath the waving grass</p>

-<p class="line">To inject his fangs and venom</p>

-<p class="line">In some human as he&rsquo;d pass,</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Now there thrives the busy city,</p>

-<p class="line">Bristling with the throb and thrill</p>

-<p class="line">Of the commerce of a nation,</p>

-<p class="line">Growing greater, growing still.</p>

-<p class="line">All her farms and fields and ranches,</p>

-<p class="line">Groan beneath their heavy load</p>

-<p class="line">Of waving grain and lowing cattle;</p>

-<p class="line">All the land with wealth is strewed.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb108" href="#pb108" name=

-"pb108">108</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Then he rose up like the morning,</p>

-<p class="line">From his slumber and his rest,</p>

-<p class="line">To converse there with the chieftains</p>

-<p class="line">Among whom he&rsquo;d been a guest.</p>

-<p class="line">Then he spoke of Carolina</p>

-<p class="line">Toward the rising of the sun,</p>

-<p class="line">Full of hope and awe and splendor</p>

-<p class="line">Where his early life begun.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">And he spoke of Occoneechee</p>

-<p class="line">In the land of hills and streams,</p>

-<p class="line">In the land of wooded forests,</p>

-<p class="line">Land of love and fondest dreams;</p>

-<p class="line">Land where myths and mirth commingle,</p>

-<p class="line">Where aspiring peaks point high,</p>

-<p class="line">To the dials of the morning</p>

-<p class="line">In the sweet &ldquo;Land of the sky.&rdquo;</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Spoke he also of a chieftain,</p>

-<p class="line">Known to her as Whippoorwill,</p>

-<p class="line">Who once dwelt within the forest,</p>

-<p class="line">Near a pleasant little rill,</p>

-<p class="line">In the dark fens of the mountains,</p>

-<p class="line">Back where oak and birchen grove</p>

-<p class="line">Cast their shadows o&rsquo;er the valley</p>

-<p class="line">O&rsquo;er the cliffs and deepest cove.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb109" href="#pb109" name=

-"pb109">109</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Where glad song of the nightingale</p>

-<p class="line">Is the sweetest ever heard,</p>

-<p class="line">And far exceeds in melody,</p>

-<p class="line">The trill of the mocking-bird.</p>

-<p class="line">From the matutinal dawning</p>

-<p class="line">Till the falling shades of night</p>

-<p class="line">The songster sings in mellow tones</p>

-<p class="line">To the auditor&rsquo;s delight.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Long in silence sat the chieftain,</p>

-<p class="line">Long he listened quite intent,</p>

-<p class="line">To the story of the stranger,</p>

-<p class="line">Catching all he said and meant,</p>

-<p class="line">Of the maiden of the mountains,</p>

-<p class="line">Of the trees and songs of bird,</p>

-<p class="line">And the story lingered with him,</p>

-<p class="line">Every syllable and word.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Then the chieftain made inquiry</p>

-<p class="line">Of the stranger true and bold,</p>

-<p class="line">Who now came to tarry with them,</p>

-<p class="line">Who was growing gray and old,</p>

-<p class="line">Of the health and habitation</p>

-<p class="line">Of the Eastern tribal band</p>

-<p class="line">Who still dwelt amid the Smokies</p>

-<p class="line">In his own sweet native land;</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb110" href="#pb110" name=

-"pb110">110</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Where his heart felt first the wooing,</p>

-<p class="line">Where his hope of youth ran high,</p>

-<p class="line">&lsquo;Mid the hills of Carolina</p>

-<p class="line">In the sweet &ldquo;Land of the sky.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="line">In the land of flowers and sunshine,</p>

-<p class="line">Land of silver-flowing streams,</p>

-<p class="line">Land of promise full of blessings</p>

-<p class="line">And of legends, myths and dreams;</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Land of pretty maids and matrons,</p>

-<p class="line">Home where generous hearts are true,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the sunshine chases shadows</p>

-<p class="line">Down the vaults of vaporous blue.</p>

-<p class="line">Where the wild flight of the eagle</p>

-<p class="line">Soars beyond the keenest eye,</p>

-<p class="line">In recesses of the heavens,</p>

-<p class="line">In the blue ethereal sky.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Rifting rocks and rolling rivers</p>

-<p class="line">Doth adorn the hill and vale,</p>

-<p class="line">Lilting melodies float outward</p>

-<p class="line">On the vortex of the gale;</p>

-<p class="line">This the land of Occoneechee,</p>

-<p class="line">Land that Junaluska saw,</p>

-<p class="line">Home of warrior, chief and maiden,</p>

-<p class="line">Land of dauntless brave and squaw.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb111" href="#pb111" name=

-"pb111">111</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Let us go back to those mountains,</p>

-<p class="line">Once more let us view those hills,</p>

-<p class="line">And let me hear the voice once more</p>

-<p class="line">Of the laughing streams and rills;</p>

-<p class="line">And let me view with raptured eye</p>

-<p class="line">The blossom of tree and vine,</p>

-<p class="line">Once more inhale the sweet ozone,</p>

-<p class="line">Under tulip tree and pine.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Those hills, delectable mountains,</p>

-<p class="line">Outrival the scenes of Greece,</p>

-<p class="line">Surpass in beauty and grandeur</p>

-<p class="line">The Eagle or Golden Fleece.</p>

-<p class="line">Those shrines and temples of granite,</p>

-<p class="line">Glad sentinels of the free!</p>

-<p class="line">There let me roam through dell once more,</p>

-<p class="line">Let me glad and happy be.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Some speak of splendid balmy isles,</p>

-<p class="line">Far out in the rolling sea,</p>

-<p class="line">Of spicy groves, and vine-clad hills,</p>

-<p class="line">And of things which are to be;</p>

-<p class="line">Of nymphs and naiads of the past,</p>

-<p class="line">Of lands of the brave and free,</p>

-<p class="line">But none of these can e&rsquo;er surpass</p>

-<p class="line">The hills of Cherokee;</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb112" href="#pb112" name=

-"pb112">112</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">The hills where roamed the dusky maid,</p>

-<p class="line">And the home of Whippoorwill,</p>

-<p class="line">Where Occoneechee dreamed at night,</p>

-<p class="line">By the gushing stream and rill.</p>

-<p class="line">By strange enchanted mystic lake</p>

-<p class="line">Where the wildest beasts are seen,</p>

-<p class="line">Far back in the deep recess</p>

-<p class="line">Of the mountain&rsquo;s verdure green.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Let autumn&rsquo;s wind blow swift its gale,</p>

-<p class="line">The season of summer flee,</p>

-<p class="line">But I will soon my lover meet,</p>

-<p class="line">In the &lsquo;land of the brave and free,&rsquo;</p>

-<p class="line">I&rsquo;ll leave Tahlequah in the West,</p>

-<p class="line">With this warrior at my side.</p>

-<p class="line">We&rsquo;ll travel as the fleetest winds</p>

-<p class="line">Unless ill fates betide.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;While the morrow&rsquo;s stars are glowing,</p>

-<p class="line">In the dials of the morn,</p>

-<p class="line">I will start upon the journey,</p>

-<p class="line">To the land where I was born.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="line">So he gathered up his chattels,</p>

-<p class="line">Springing spryly on his steed,</p>

-<p class="line">Made inquiry of the warrior,</p>

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Which of us shall take the lead?&rdquo;</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb113" href="#pb113" name=

-"pb113">113</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Then the warrior to the chieftain</p>

-<p class="line">Quick replied, &ldquo;I&rsquo;ll lead the way</p>

-<p class="line">Far across the hill and valley,</p>

-<p class="line">Mounted on this splendid bay.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="line">Then they said to friend and neighbor,</p>

-<p class="line">Old-time chief and child and squaw,</p>

-<p class="line">&ldquo;At the dawning, we will leave you,</p>

-<p class="line">Leave the town of Tahlequah;</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Leave the tribe and reservation,</p>

-<p class="line">For a journey to the East,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the tribesmen dwell together,</p>

-<p class="line">Meet serenely, drink and feast,</p>

-<p class="line">In a land where peace and pleasure</p>

-<p class="line">Vie each other in the pace,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the hopes of life are brightest</p>

-<p class="line">To the fallen human race.&rdquo;</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Just then came a gleam like lightning,</p>

-<p class="line">Shooting forth its silver ray,</p>

-<p class="line">Which precedes the golden splendor</p>

-<p class="line">Of the fast approaching day.</p>

-<p class="line">This the advent and the token</p>

-<p class="line">For the brave to lead the way</p>

-<p class="line">Out across the plain and valley</p>

-<p class="line">Toward the coming king of day.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb114" href="#pb114" name=

-"pb114">114</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Then they seized the spear and trident,</p>

-<p class="line">Bow and tomahawk and knife,</p>

-<p class="line">And they left the scenes of conflict,</p>

-<p class="line">With its turmoil and its strife;</p>

-<p class="line">And they journeyed ever eastward,</p>

-<p class="line">Days and many a-waning moon,</p>

-<p class="line">Crossing river, lake and prairie,</p>

-<p class="line">Spreading field and broad lagoon.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Saw the Wabash and Missouri,</p>

-<p class="line">Cumberland and Tennessee,</p>

-<p class="line">Saw the Holston in its beauty</p>

-<p class="line">And the town of Chilhowee.</p>

-<p class="line">Looked down on the Nolachucky,</p>

-<p class="line">Saw Watauga&rsquo;s crystal flow</p>

-<p class="line">Gleam from out the moon&rsquo;s reflection</p>

-<p class="line">From the canyon&rsquo;s depths below.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Neptune, who pervades the water,</p>

-<p class="line">Ne&rsquo;er beheld a holier sight</p>

-<p class="line">Than this happy, hopeful chieftain</p>

-<p class="line">Did that crisp autumnal night.</p>

-<p class="line">While he looked upon the water</p>

-<p class="line">Bright and pure and crystalline,</p>

-<p class="line">Fairest land and purest water</p>

-<p class="line">Mortal eye had ever seen;</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb115" href="#pb115" name=

-"pb115">115</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">He beheld there in his vision</p>

-<p class="line">Such a Naiad divine,</p>

-<p class="line">That he put forth his endeavors,</p>

-<p class="line">That he might the maid entwine;</p>

-<p class="line">But she flew back like a phantom,</p>

-<p class="line">Back into the crescent wave,</p>

-<p class="line">From the presence of the chieftain</p>

-<p class="line">And the relegated brave;</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Flew back from him and departed</p>

-<p class="line">And was lost to human eye;</p>

-<p class="line">All that now lay out before him</p>

-<p class="line">Was the stream and earth and sky.</p>

-<p class="line">Full of disappointing beauty,</p>

-<p class="line">Was the earth and sky and stream,</p>

-<p class="line">When divested of the grandeur</p>

-<p class="line">Of the vision and the dream.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Then he rambled through the mountains</p>

-<p class="line">Over crag and rugged steep,</p>

-<p class="line">Through the laurel bed and ivy</p>

-<p class="line">By exertion did he creep;</p>

-<p class="line">Through the hemlock and the balsam</p>

-<p class="line">Under oak and birchen tree,</p>

-<p class="line">Gazing through the heath before him</p>

-<p class="line">If perchance that he might see</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb116" href="#pb116" name=

-"pb116">116</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">In the dim, dark, hazel distance,</p>

-<p class="line">Far out on the mountainside</p>

-<p class="line">Occoneechee, pure and lovely,</p>

-<p class="line">Whom he longed to make his bride;</p>

-<p class="line">Make his bride and dwell there with her</p>

-<p class="line">&lsquo;Mid aspiring peak and dome;</p>

-<p class="line">Longed to have her sit beside him,</p>

-<p class="line">In his peaceful mountain home.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Wandered through the Craggy mountains</p>

-<p class="line">Where no human foot had trod,</p>

-<p class="line">And no eye had yet beheld it,</p>

-<p class="line">Save the eye of Nature&rsquo;s God.</p>

-<p class="line">For the spreading tree and forest</p>

-<p class="line">Grew from out the virgin soil,</p>

-<p class="line">And was free from all intrusions</p>

-<p class="line">Of the white man&rsquo;s skill and toil.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Now their speed was much retarded,</p>

-<p class="line">Trails once plain were now unkept,</p>

-<p class="line">And the chief and brave lamenting</p>

-<p class="line">Laid themselves down there and wept;</p>

-<p class="line">Wept for chiefs like Uniguski,</p>

-<p class="line">Sequoya and Utsala,</p>

-<p class="line">In the land of Tuckaleechee</p>

-<p class="line">And for friends like Wil-Usdi.<a class="noteref" id=

-"xd23e5844src" href="#xd23e5844" name="xd23e5844src">1</a></p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb117" href="#pb117" name=

-"pb117">117</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Turning from his grief and sorrow</p>

-<p class="line">For the chiefs of long ago,</p>

-<p class="line">Ceasing all his deep repining</p>

-<p class="line">From the burden of his woe,</p>

-<p class="line">Looking far o&rsquo;er hill and valley</p>

-<p class="line">He beheld the gilded dome</p>

-<p class="line">Of the Smokies in the distance,</p>

-<p class="line">Near old Junaluska&rsquo;s home.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="figure xd23e5865width" id="p117-1"><img src=

-"images/p117-1.jpg" alt="Harvesting at Cullowhee, N. C." width="642"

-height="476">

-<p class="figureHead">Harvesting at Cullowhee, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par first">Where the townhouse used to stand.</p>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="figure xd23e5872width" id="p117-2"><img src=

-"images/p117-2.jpg" alt="Craggy Mountains, from near Asheville, N. C."

-width="649" height="483">

-<p class="figureHead">Craggy Mountains, from near Asheville, N. C.</p>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="lgouter">

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Then the chieftain&rsquo;s hope grew stronger,</p>

-<p class="line">As he looked upon the scene</p>

-<p class="line">Of that splendid mountain forest</p>

-<p class="line">With its crest of evergreen;</p>

-<p class="line">Like a black cloud in the winter,</p>

-<p class="line">Spreads upon the mountainside,</p>

-<p class="line">This the forest land primeval</p>

-<p class="line">That stands there in lordly pride,</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">This the forest land primeval,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the chieftains used to roam,</p>

-<p class="line">Joined in chase of bear and bison,</p>

-<p class="line">Once the red deer&rsquo;s winter home.</p>

-<p class="line">Black and deep and dense the forest,</p>

-<p class="line">Steep and high the cliffside stands,</p>

-<p class="line">Where the Cherokee once wandered</p>

-<p class="line">In their wild nomadic bands.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb118" href="#pb118" name=

-"pb118">118</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">As they gazed upon the scenery,</p>

-<p class="line">Weird and wild and full of awe,</p>

-<p class="line">They were filled with consternation</p>

-<p class="line">At the sight both of them saw.</p>

-<p class="line">Passing high up near the zenith</p>

-<p class="line">Like an eagle in its flight</p>

-<p class="line">Came the sound of wings and voices,</p>

-<p class="line">On that moonlit autumn night.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Voices like the rolling thunder</p>

-<p class="line">Came resounding far and near,</p>

-<p class="line">And the meteoric flashes</p>

-<p class="line">Filled them full of awe and fear;</p>

-<p class="line">Till they trembled like the aspen</p>

-<p class="line">&lsquo;Mid the tempest fierce and wild,</p>

-<p class="line">Till it passes, then reposes,</p>

-<p class="line">Calmly as a little child.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Said the brave then to the chieftain,</p>

-<p class="line">&ldquo;This my token to depart,</p>

-<p class="line">I must quickly make my exit,</p>

-<p class="line">Though it grieves my soul and heart</p>

-<p class="line">Thus to leave you in the forest,</p>

-<p class="line">Out upon the mountainside,</p>

-<p class="line">Without hope or friend or shelter,</p>

-<p class="line">With no one to be your guide;</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb119" href="#pb119" name=

-"pb119">119</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;These the Nunnahi in heaven,</p>

-<p class="line">Come to lead me far away,</p>

-<p class="line">Over hill and dale and valley,</p>

-<p class="line">Toward the final close of day.</p>

-<p class="line">You will miss me in the morning,</p>

-<p class="line">Miss me at the noon and night,</p>

-<p class="line">When I&rsquo;m mounted on my pinions</p>

-<p class="line">And am lost to human sight.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Yet a moment I&rsquo;m allotted</p>

-<p class="line">To transmit to you my will;</p>

-<p class="line">High here on the Smoky Mountains</p>

-<p class="line">Near the bright translucent rill,</p>

-<p class="line">Let me tell you while life lingers</p>

-<p class="line">In the archives of my breast,</p>

-<p class="line">Where you&rsquo;ll find sweet Occoneechee</p>

-<p class="line">When my soul has flown to rest:</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;She still lingers in the forest,</p>

-<p class="line">Near the sweet enchanted lake,</p>

-<p class="line">Near the spirit land she lingers,</p>

-<p class="line">Underneath the tangled brake.</p>

-<p class="line">She holds all our myths and legends,</p>

-<p class="line">Tales as told long years ago.</p>

-<p class="line">Now I bid you leave me lonely</p>

-<p class="line">To my fate of weal or woe.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb120" href="#pb120" name=

-"pb120">120</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Leave me quick, the spirits call me,</p>

-<p class="line">Linger not within my sight,</p>

-<p class="line">Hie thee quickly through the shadows</p>

-<p class="line">Of this crisp autumnal night.</p>

-<p class="line">Tell our friend, sweet Occoneechee,</p>

-<p class="line">That I&rsquo;ve gone to join the band</p>

-<p class="line">Of the braves who have departed</p>

-<p class="line">For the happy hunting land.&rdquo;</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Then a shadow passed between them,</p>

-<p class="line">Like a cloud upon the sky,</p>

-<p class="line">And the chief was separated</p>

-<p class="line">There upon the mountain high,</p>

-<p class="line">From his guide and friend forever,</p>

-<p class="line">So his eye could never see.</p>

-<p class="line">Whence he traveled, none returneth</p>

-<p class="line">To explain the mystery.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Thus bereft of friend and neighbor,</p>

-<p class="line">Whippoorwill began to wail,</p>

-<p class="line">For some mystic hand to guide him</p>

-<p class="line">Back into the trodden trail,</p>

-<p class="line">Where some chief had gone before him</p>

-<p class="line">In the years that long had flown,</p>

-<p class="line">Out upon the mystic ages,</p>

-<p class="line">Now forgotten and unknown.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb121" href="#pb121" name=

-"pb121">121</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">But no spirit, sign or token</p>

-<p class="line">Came from out the vista fair,</p>

-<p class="line">Nothing saw, nor nothing heard he,</p>

-<p class="line">Save the earth and scenery fair.</p>

-<p class="line">As he stood and gazed in silence,</p>

-<p class="line">Motionless and calm as death,</p>

-<p class="line">Stillness reigned on hill and valley</p>

-<p class="line">And the chieftain held his breath,</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">While he strained his ears and vision,</p>

-<p class="line">Listening, looking here and there,</p>

-<p class="line">Waiting, watching, simply trusting</p>

-<p class="line">For an answer to his prayer.</p>

-<p class="line">Suddenly he heard the calling</p>

-<p class="line">Of a voice so sweet and clear,</p>

-<p class="line">That he answered, quickly answered,</p>

-<p class="line">Though his heart was filled with fear.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">And the voice from out the forest,</p>

-<p class="line">Called as calls the mating bird,</p>

-<p class="line">In the bower in the springtime,</p>

-<p class="line">Sweetest call that e&rsquo;er was heard,</p>

-<p class="line">Resonant comes, softly trilling,</p>

-<p class="line">Sweetly to its lingering mate,</p>

-<p class="line">In the silence of the forest,</p>

-<p class="line">As they for each other wait.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb122" href="#pb122" name=

-"pb122">122</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Then the chieftain bounded forward,</p>

-<p class="line">Like a hound upon the trail,</p>

-<p class="line">Thru the forest land primeval</p>

-<p class="line">Over mound and hill and dale;</p>

-<p class="line">Over ridge and rock and river,</p>

-<p class="line">Thru the heath and brush and grass,</p>

-<p class="line">Thru the land of the Uktena,</p>

-<p class="line">Thru it all he had to pass.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Till he reached the mystic region,</p>

-<p class="line">Far back in the darkest glen,</p>

-<p class="line">Near the lake of the enchanted</p>

-<p class="line">Only known to bravest men.</p>

-<p class="line">Here the bear and owl and panther,</p>

-<p class="line">Find a cure for every ill,</p>

-<p class="line">Find life&rsquo;s sweetest panacea,</p>

-<p class="line">Near the sparkling crystal rill,</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">High upon the Smoky Mountains</p>

-<p class="line">Resonant with Nature wild,</p>

-<p class="line">For the wanderer from the distance,</p>

-<p class="line">And the tawny Indian child.</p>

-<p class="line">This the forest land primeval,</p>

-<p class="line">Full of awe and dread and dreams,</p>

-<p class="line">Full of ghouls and ghosts and goblins,</p>

-<p class="line">Full of rippling crystal streams.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb123" href="#pb123" name=

-"pb123">123</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">From the stream down in the ravine,</p>

-<p class="line">Came another gentle call,</p>

-<p class="line">Like the chirping of the robin,</p>

-<p class="line">In the hemlocks straight and tall.</p>

-<p class="line">Once again the call repeated,</p>

-<p class="line">Then a sudden little trill</p>

-<p class="line">Floated out upon the breezes,</p>

-<p class="line">From beside the crystal rill.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Then the chieftain whistled keenly</p>

-<p class="line">Like a hawk upon the wing,</p>

-<p class="line">When it soars above the mountain,</p>

-<p class="line">On the balmy air of spring.</p>

-<p class="line">Then another chirping, chirping,</p>

-<p class="line">Came from deep down in the vale,</p>

-<p class="line">And it floated up the mountain</p>

-<p class="line">Like a leaf upon the gale.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Now the chieftain, moved by caution,</p>

-<p class="line">Watched and moved with greatest care,</p>

-<p class="line">Down and thru the deepest gulches,</p>

-<p class="line">Looking here, observing there,</p>

-<p class="line">For the bird or beast or human,</p>

-<p class="line">That could send out such a call,</p>

-<p class="line">From the laurel near the fountain</p>

-<p class="line">And a splendid waterfall.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb124" href="#pb124" name=

-"pb124">124</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Suddenly his heart beat faster,</p>

-<p class="line">At the sight which came to view,</p>

-<p class="line">Through the opening in the laurel</p>

-<p class="line">As it parts to let him thru.</p>

-<p class="line">She was bathing feet and ankles,</p>

-<p class="line">Arms and hands she did refresh</p>

-<p class="line">In the iridescent splendor,</p>

-<p class="line">Of the fountain cool and fresh.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">Then he bounds forth quick to greet her,</p>

-<p class="line">E&rsquo;er she sees him by her side,</p>

-<p class="line">She the maiden true and holy,</p>

-<p class="line">Who was soon to be his bride.</p>

-<p class="line">&ldquo;O, I see you, Occoneechee!&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="line">&ldquo;And I see you, Whippoorwill!&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="line">Were the greetings that they whispered</p>

-<p class="line">As they met there near the rill.</p>

-</div>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">They were married in the morning,</p>

-<p class="line">He the groom and she the bride,</p>

-<p class="line">And they lived in bliss together,</p>

-<p class="line">Many years before they died;</p>

-<p class="line">Now their spirits dwell together,</p>

-<p class="line">Near the hidden mystic shore,</p>

-<p class="line">Of the lake back in the shadows</p>

-<p class="line">Since their wanderings are o&rsquo;er.</p>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb125" href="#pb125" name=

-"pb125">125</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="lg">

-<p class="line">And at night the legends tell us,</p>

-<p class="line">You can hear a man and bride</p>

-<p class="line">Hold converse of trail and travel,</p>

-<p class="line">High upon the mountainside;</p>

-<p class="line">And the soul of Occoneechee,</p>

-<p class="line">Lingers near the rippling rill,</p>

-<p class="line">High upon the Smoky Mountains,</p>

-<p class="line">With her lover Whippoorwill.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb127" href="#pb127" name=

-"pb127">127</a>]</span></p>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="footnotes">

-<hr class="fnsep">

-<div class="footnote-body">

-<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=

-"xd23e5844" href="#xd23e5844src" name="xd23e5844">1</a></span> Colonel

-Thomas.&nbsp;<a class="fnarrow" href="#xd23e5844src">&uarr;</a></p>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div id="pt3" class="div0 part">

-<h2 class="main">PART III</h2>

-<h2 class="main">MYTHS OF THE CHEROKEE</h2>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb129" href="#pb129" name=

-"pb129">129</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="div1 poem"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h2 class="main">MYTHS OF THE CHEROKEE</h2>

-<div class="lgouter">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;I know not how the truth may be,</p>

-<p class="line">I tell the tale as &rsquo;twas told me.&rdquo;</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">The myths related here are from the great story

-tellers like Ayunini, or &ldquo;Swimmer,&rdquo; who was the greatest of

-all, but while he ranked first and lived during the time that tried

-men&rsquo;s hearts, having been born about 1835, and died in March,

-1899, his stories can only be perpetuated by putting them in print, and

-we are indebted to him for many of these beautiful stories, which

-should be perpetuated at least so long as one of the Cherokee tribe

-shall live.</p>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="table">

-<table>

-<tr>

-<td class="cellLeft cellTop">

-<div class="figure xd23e6316width" id="p129-1"><img src=

-"images/p129-1.jpg" alt="Sequoya." width="291" height="508">

-<p class="figureHead">Sequoya.</p>

-<p class="par first">Inventor of the Cherokee Alphabet.</p>

-</div>

-</td>

-<td class="cellRight cellTop">

-<div class="figure xd23e6323width" id="p129-2"><img src=

-"images/p129-2.jpg" alt="John Ax (Itagu-nuhi)." width="358" height=

-"646">

-<p class="figureHead">John Ax (Itagu-nuhi)<span class="corr" id=

-"xd23e6326" title="Not in source">.</span></p>

-<p class="par first">The great story teller.</p>

-</div>

-</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td colspan="2" class="cellLeft cellRight cellBottom">

-<div class="figure xd23e6333width" id="p129-3"><img src=

-"images/p129-3.jpg" alt="Everglades of Florida." width="645" height=

-"417">

-<p class="figureHead">Everglades of Florida.</p>

-<p class="par first">Home of the Seminoles.</p>

-</div>

-</td>

-</tr>

-</table>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<p class="par">Next in rank of importance comes Itagunahi, better known

-among the English-speaking people as John Axe, who was born in the year

-1800, saw the battle of Horseshoe Bend, witnessed the removal of the

-Cherokee tribe in 1838. He knew its history and almost all of the

-myths, legends and stories, transmitted many of them to the white man

-for record, and while he never spoke English, he was a very versatile

-and interesting man of the old type of Indians, and strong to the last

-days; he lived to near 100 years, then passed to the Happy Hunting

-Grounds.</p>

-<p class="par">To John D. Wofford, of the Western Reservation or tribe,

-we are indebted for much information, which would have been lost except

-for his wonderful knowledge.</p>

-<p class="par">All the story-tellers prefaced their remarks by saying,

-&ldquo;This is what the old folks used to tell us when we were

-boys.&rdquo; <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb130" href="#pb130" name=

-"pb130">130</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Cherokee myths may be classified as sacred myths, animal

-stories, local legends, and historical traditions. The sacred myths

-were not for every one, but only those might hear who observed the

-proper form and ceremony.</p>

-<p class="par">In the old times the myth-keepers and priests were

-accustomed to meet together at night in the asi, or low-built log

-sleeping house, to recite the traditions and discuss their secret

-knowledge. At times those who desired instruction from an adept in the

-sacred lore of the tribe would meet the priest by appointment in the

-asi, where they sat up all night talking, with only the light of a

-small fire burning in the middle of the floor. At daybreak the whole

-party went down to the running stream, where the pupils or hearers of

-the myths stripped themselves and were scratched upon the naked skin

-with a bone tooth comb in the hands of the priest, after which they

-waded out, facing the rising sun, and dipped seven times under the

-water, while the priest recited prayers upon the bank. The purificatory

-rite, which was observed more than a century ago by Adair, is also a

-part of the ceremonial of the ball play, the green-corn dance, and, in

-fact, every important ritual performance. Before beginning one of the

-stories of the sacred class the informant would sometimes suggest

-jokingly that the author first submit to being scratched and, &ldquo;Go

-to water.&rdquo; <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb131" href="#pb131"

-name="pb131">131</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH ONE.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>How the World Was Made.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">The earth is a great island floating in a sea of

-water, and suspended at each of the four cardinal points by a cord

-hanging down from the sky vault, which is of solid rock. When the world

-grows old and worn out, the people will die and the cords will break,

-and let the earth sink down into the ocean, and all will be water

-again. The Indians are afraid of this.</p>

-<p class="par">When all was water, the animals were above the

-Galunlati, beyond the arch; but it was very much crowded, and they were

-wanting more room. They wondered what was below the water, and at last

-Dayunisi, &ldquo;Beaver&rsquo;s Grandchild,&rdquo; the little

-Water-beetle, offered to go and see if it could learn. It darted in

-every direction over the surface of the water, but could find no firm

-place to rest.</p>

-<p class="par">Then it dived to the bottom and came up with some soft

-mud, which began to grow and spread in every direction until it became

-an island which we call the earth. It was afterwards fastened to the

-sky, but no one remembers who did it.</p>

-<p class="par">At first the earth was flat, and very soft and wet. The

-animals were anxious to get down, and sent out different birds to see

-if it was yet dry, but they found no place to alight and came back

-again to Galunlati. At last it seemed to be time, and they sent out the

-Buzzard and told him to go and make ready for them.</p>

-<p class="par">This was the Great Buzzard, the father of all the

-buzzards we see now. He flew all over the earth, low down, near the

-ground, and it was still soft. When he reached the Cherokee country, he

-was very tired, and his wings began to flap and strike the ground, and

-wherever they <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb132" href="#pb132" name=

-"pb132">132</a>]</span>struck the earth there was a valley, and where

-they turned up again, there was a mountain. When the animals above saw

-this, they were afraid the whole earth would be mountains, so they

-called him back, but the Cherokee country remains full of mountains to

-this day.</p>

-<p class="par">When the earth was dry and the animals came down, it was

-still dark, so they got the sun and set it in a track to go every day

-across the island from east to west, just overhead. It was too hot this

-way, and Tsiskagili, the Red Crawfish, had his shell scorched red, so

-that his meat was spoiled; and the Cherokee do not eat it. The

-conjurers put the sun another hand-breadth higher in the air, but it

-was still too hot.</p>

-<p class="par">They raised it another time, and another, until it was

-seven hand-breadths high, and just under the sky arch. Then it was

-right, and they left it so. This is why the conjurers call the highest

-place <span class="corr" id="xd23e6374" title=

-"Not in source">&ldquo;</span>Gulkwagine Digalunlatiyun,&rdquo;

-&ldquo;the seven height,&rdquo; because it is seven hand-breadths above

-the earth. Every day the sun goes along under this arch, and returns at

-night on the upper side to the starting place.</p>

-<p class="par">There is another world under this, and it is like ours

-in everything&mdash;animals, plants, and people&mdash;save that the

-seasons are different. The streams that come down from the mountains

-are the trails by which the people reach the underworld, and the

-springs at their heads are the doorways by which they enter it, but to

-do this one must fast and go to water and have one of the underground

-people for a guide. We know that the seasons in the underground are

-different from ours, because the water in the springs is warmer in the

-winter and cooler in the summer than the outer air.</p>

-<p class="par">When the animals and the plants were first made&mdash;we

-do not know by whom&mdash;they were told to watch and <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb133" href="#pb133" name="pb133">133</a>]</span>keep

-awake for seven nights, just as young men now fast and keep awake when

-they pray to their medicine. They tried to do this, and nearly all were

-awake through the first night, but the next night several dropped off

-to sleep, and the third night others were asleep, and then others,

-until, on the seventh night, of all the animals, only the owl, the

-panther and one or two more were still awake.</p>

-<p class="par">To these were given the power to see and to go about in

-the dark, and to make prey of the birds and animals which must sleep at

-night. Of the trees, only the cedar, the pine, the spruce, the holly

-and the laurel were awake to the end, and to them it was given to be

-always green and to be greatest for medicine, but to the others it was

-said: &ldquo;Because you have not endured to the end you shall lose

-your hair every winter.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Men came after the animals and plants. At first there

-were only a brother and sister until he struck her with a fish and told

-her to multiply, and so it was. In seven days a child was born to her,

-and thereafter every seven days another, and they increased very fast

-until there was danger that the world could not keep them. Then it was

-made that a woman should have only one child in a year, and it has been

-so ever since.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH TWO.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>The First Fire.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">In the beginning there was no fire, and the world

-was cold, until the Thunders (Ani-Hyuntikwalaski) who lived up in

-Galunlati, sent their lightning and put fire into the bottom of a

-hollow sycamore tree, which grew <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb134"

-href="#pb134" name="pb134">134</a>]</span>on an island. The animals

-knew it was there, because they could see the smoke coming out at the

-top, but they could not get to it on account of the water, so they held

-a council to decide what to do. This was a long time ago.</p>

-<p class="par">Every animal that could fly or swim was anxious to go

-after the fire. The Raven offered, and because he was so large and

-strong they thought he could surely do the work, so he was sent first.

-He flew high and far across the water and alighted on the sycamore

-tree, but while he was wondering what to do next, the heat had scorched

-all his feathers black, and he was frightened and came back without the

-fire.</p>

-<p class="par">The little Screech-owl (Wahuhu) volunteered to go, and

-reached the place safely, but while he was looking down in the hollow

-tree a blast of hot air came up and nearly burned out his eyes. He

-managed to fly home as best he could, but it was a long time before he

-could see well, and his eyes are red to this day.</p>

-<p class="par">Then the Hooting Owl (Uguku) and the Horned Owl (Tskili)

-went, but by the time they got to the hollow tree the fire was burning

-so fiercely that the smoke nearly blinded them, and the ashes carried

-up by the wind made white rings about their eyes. They had to come home

-again without the fire, but with all of their rubbing they were never

-able to get rid of the white rings.</p>

-<p class="par">Now, no more of the birds would venture, and so the

-little Uksuhi snake, the Black Racer, said he would go through the

-water and bring back some fire. He swam across to the island and

-crawled through the grass to the tree, and went in by a small hole at

-the bottom. The heat and smoke were too much for him, too, and after

-dodging about blindly over the hot ashes until he was almost on fire

-himself he managed by good luck to get out again at the same hole, but

-his body had scorched <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb135" href=

-"#pb135" name="pb135">135</a>]</span>black, and he has ever since had

-the habit of darting and doubling on his track as if trying to escape

-from close quarters.</p>

-<p class="par">He came back, and the great Blacksnake, Gulegi,

-&ldquo;The Climber,&rdquo; offered to go for the fire. He swam over to

-the island and climbed up the tree on the outside, as the blacksnake

-always does, but when he put his head down into the hole the smoke

-choked him so that he fell into the burning stump, and before he could

-climb out again he was as black as the Uksuhi.</p>

-<p class="par">Now, they held another council, for still there was no

-fire, and the world was cold, but the birds, snakes and four-footed

-animals all had some excuse for not going, because they were all afraid

-to venture near the burning sycamore, until at last Kananeski Amaiyehi

-(the Water Spider) said she would go. This is not the water spider that

-looks like a mosquito, but the other one, with black downy hair and red

-stripes on her body. She can run on the water or dive to the bottom, so

-there would be no trouble to get over to the island, but the question

-was, how could she bring back the fire?</p>

-<p class="par">&ldquo;I&rsquo;ll manage that,&rdquo; said the spider,

-so she spun a thread from her body and wove it into a tusti bowl, which

-she fastened on her back. Then she crossed over to the island and

-through the grass to where the fire was still burning. She put one

-little coal of fire into her bowl, and came back with it, and ever

-since we have had fire, and the spider still keeps her tusti bowl.

-<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb136" href="#pb136" name=

-"pb136">136</a>]</span></p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH THREE.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>Origin of the Pleiades and the Pine.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">Long ago, when the world was new, there were seven

-boys who used to spend all their time down by the town-house, playing

-the gatayusti game, rolling a stone wheel along the ground and sliding

-a curved stick after it to strike it. Their mothers scolded but it did

-no good, so one day they collected some gatayusti stones and boiled

-them in the pot with the corn for dinner.</p>

-<p class="par">When the boys came home hungry their mothers dipped out

-the stones and said, &ldquo;Since you like the gatayusti better than

-the cornfield, take the stones now for your dinner.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">The boys were very angry, and went down to the

-town-house, saying, &ldquo;As our mothers treat us this way, let us go

-where we shall never trouble them any more.&rdquo; They began a

-dance&mdash;some say it was the feather dance&mdash;and went round and

-round the town-house, praying to the spirits to help them. At last

-their mothers were afraid something was wrong and went out to look for

-them.</p>

-<p class="par">They saw the boys still dancing around the town-house,

-and as they watched they noticed that their feet were off the earth,

-and that with every round they rose higher and higher in the air.</p>

-<p class="par">They ran to get their children, but it was too late, for

-they were already above the roof of the town-house&mdash;all but one,

-whose mother managed to pull him down with the gatayusti pole, but he

-struck the ground with such force that he sank into it and the earth

-closed over him. The other six children circled higher and higher until

-they went up to the sky, where we see them now <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb137" href="#pb137" name="pb137">137</a>]</span>as

-the pleiades, which the Cherokee still calls

-&ldquo;Anitsutsa<span class="corr" id="xd23e6434" title=

-"Not in source">&rdquo;</span> (the Boys).</p>

-<p class="par">The people grieved long after them, but the mother whose

-boy had gone into the ground came every morning and evening to cry over

-the spot, until the earth was damp with her tears.</p>

-<p class="par">At last a little green shoot sprouted up and grew day by

-day until it became the tall tree that we now call the pine, and the

-pine is still of the same nature as the stars and holds in itself the

-same bright light.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH FOUR.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>The Milky Way.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">Some people in the South had a corn mill, in which

-they pounded the corn into meal, and several mornings when they came to

-fill it they noticed that some of the meal had been stolen during the

-night.</p>

-<p class="par">They examined the ground, and found the tracks of a dog;

-so the next night they watched, and when the dog came from the North,

-and began to eat the meal out of the bowl, they sprang out and whipped

-him. He ran off howling to his home in the North, with the meal

-dropping from his mouth as he ran, and leaving behind a white trail

-where now we see the Milky Way, which the Cherokee calls to this day

-Gili-utsunstanunyi, &ldquo;Where the dog ran.&rdquo; <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb138" href="#pb138" name="pb138">138</a>]</span></p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH FIVE.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>The Deluge.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">A long time ago a man had a dog, which began to go

-down to the river every day and look at the water and howl. At last the

-man was very angry and scolded the dog, which then spoke to him and

-said: &ldquo;Very soon there is going to be a great freshet and the

-water will come so high that everybody will be drowned; but if you will

-make a raft to get upon when the rain comes, you can be saved, but you

-must first throw me into the water.&rdquo; The man did not believe it,

-and the dog said, &ldquo;If you want a sign that I speak the truth,

-look at the back of my neck.&rdquo; He looked and saw that the

-dog&rsquo;s neck had the skin worked off so that the bones stuck

-out.</p>

-<p class="par">Then he believed the dog, and began to build a raft.

-Soon the rain came and he took his family, with plenty of provisions,

-and they all got upon it. It rained for a long time, and the water rose

-until the mountains were covered and all the people in the world were

-drowned. Then the rain stopped and the water went down again, until at

-last it was safe to come off the raft.</p>

-<p class="par">Now, there was no one alive but the man and his family,

-but one day they heard a sound of dancing and shouting on the other

-side of the ridge. The man climbed to the top and looked over;

-everything was still, but all along the valley he saw great piles of

-bones of the people who had been drowned, and then he knew that the

-Ghosts had been dancing. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb139" href=

-"#pb139" name="pb139">139</a>]</span></p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH SIX.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>How the Terrapin Beat the Rabbit.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">The Rabbit was a great runner and a great boaster

-of what she could do. No one thought that a Terrapin was anything but a

-slow traveler, but he was a great warrior and very boastful, and the

-two were always disputing about their speed. At last they agreed to

-decide the matter by a race.</p>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="figure xd23e6474width" id="p139"><img src="images/p139.jpg"

-alt="Tuckaseigee River." width="466" height="720">

-<p class="figureHead">Tuckaseigee River.</p>

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="q">

-<div class="body">

-<div class="lgouter">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;There the Tuckaseigee River</p>

-<p class="line">Dashes down its rocky bed.&rdquo;</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<p class="par">They fixed the day and the starting place, and arranged

-to run across four mountain ridges, and the one who came in first at

-the end of the race was to be the winner.</p>

-<p class="par">The Rabbit felt so sure of it that he said to the

-Terrapin, &ldquo;You know you can&rsquo;t run. You know you can never

-win the race, so I&rsquo;ll give you the first ridge and then

-you&rsquo;ll have three to cross while I go over four.&rdquo; The

-Terrapin said that would be all right, but that night when he went home

-to his family he sent for his Terrapin friends and told them he wanted

-their help. He said he knew he could not outrun the Rabbit, but he

-wanted to stop the Rabbit&rsquo;s boasting. He explained his plan to

-his friends and they agreed to help him. When the day came all the

-animals were there to see the race. The Rabbit was there with them, but

-the Terrapin was gone ahead toward the first ridge, as they had

-arranged, and they could hardly see him on account of the tall

-grass.</p>

-<p class="par">The word was given and the Rabbit <span class="corr" id=

-"xd23e6493" title="Not in source">ran</span> off with long jumps up the

-mountain, expecting to win the race before the Terrapin could get down

-on the other side. But before he got up the mountain he saw the

-Terrapin go over the ridge ahead of him. He ran on, and when he reached

-the top he looked all around, but could not see the Terrapin on account

-of the long grass. He kept on <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb140"

-href="#pb140" name="pb140">140</a>]</span>down the mountain and began

-to climb the second ridge, but when he looked up again there was the

-Terrapin just going over the top.</p>

-<p class="par">Now he was very much surprised, and made his longest

-jumps to catch up, but when he got to the top there was the Terrapin

-away in front going over the third ridge. The Rabbit was getting tired

-now and nearly out of breath, but he kept on down the mountain and up

-the other ridge until he got to the top just in time to see the

-Terrapin cross the fourth ridge and thus win the race. The Rabbit could

-not make another jump, but fell over on the ground, crying, &ldquo;mi,

-mi, mi, mi,&rdquo; as the Rabbit does ever since when he is too tired

-to run any more.</p>

-<p class="par">The race was given to the Terrapin, and all the animals

-wondered how he could win against the Rabbit, but he kept still and

-never told. It was easy enough, however, because all the

-Terrapin&rsquo;s friends look just alike, and he had simply posted one

-near the top of each ridge to wait until the Rabbit came in sight and

-then climb over and hide in the long grass.</p>

-<p class="par">When the Rabbit came on he could not find the Terrapin

-and so thought the Terrapin was ahead, and if he had met one of the

-other Terrapins he would have thought it the same one, because they

-look so much alike. The real Terrapin had posted himself on the fourth

-ridge, so as to come in at the end of the race and be ready to answer

-questions if the animals suspected anything.</p>

-<p class="par">Because the Rabbit had to lie down and lose the race the

-conjurer now, when preparing his young men for the ball play, boils a

-lot of rabbit hamstrings into soup, and sends some one to pour it

-across the path along which the other players have to come in the

-morning, so that they may become tired in the same way and lose the

-<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb141" href="#pb141" name=

-"pb141">141</a>]</span>game. It is not always easy to do this, because

-the other party is expecting it and has watchers ahead to prevent

-it.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH SEVEN.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>The Rabbit and the Tar Wolf.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">Once there was such a long spell of dry weather

-that there was no more water in the creeks and springs, and the animals

-held a council to see what to do about it. They decided to dig a well,

-and all agreed to help except the Rabbit, who was a lazy fellow, and

-said, &ldquo;I don&rsquo;t need to dig for water. The dew on the grass

-is enough for me.&rdquo; The others did not like this, but they went to

-work together and dug the well.</p>

-<p class="par">They noticed by and by that the Rabbit kept sleek and

-lively, although it was still dry weather and the water was getting low

-in the well. They said, &ldquo;That tricky Rabbit steals our water at

-night,&rdquo; so they made a wolf of pine gum and tar and set it up by

-the well to scare the thief. That night the Rabbit came, as he had been

-coming every night, to drink enough to last him all next day. He saw

-the queer black thing by the well and said, &ldquo;Who&rsquo;s

-there?&rdquo; but the tar wolf said nothing.</p>

-<p class="par">He came nearer, but the wolf never moved, so he grew

-braver and said, &ldquo;Get out of my way or I will kick you.&rdquo;

-Still the wolf never moved and the Rabbit came up and struck it with

-its front foot, but the tar held it fast. Now he was angry and said:

-&ldquo;Turn my foot loose, or I will strike you with my other front

-foot&rdquo;; still the wolf said nothing. Then the Rabbit struck the

-wolf with his other foot, and it stuck, and the Rabbit said,

-&ldquo;Turn my <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb142" href="#pb142" name=

-"pb142">142</a>]</span>foot loose or I will kick you,&rdquo; and still

-the wolf was silent, and then the rabbit kicked with his right hind

-foot so hard that it stuck, and still the wolf said nothing; and the

-Rabbit said, &ldquo;If you don&rsquo;t turn my foot loose, I will kick

-you with my left hind foot, which never fails to accomplish what I want

-it to do&rdquo;; yet the wolf was silent, and the Rabbit made his last

-kick and the foot stuck, just as the others had done.</p>

-<p class="par">The Rabbit plead with the wolf to let him go, and yet no

-response came, and, at last, when he found he was stuck fast with his

-feet, he said: &ldquo;If you don&rsquo;t turn me loose I will butt you

-with all my might,&rdquo; and in his desperation, he struck with all

-his force, and his head stuck fast to the wolf.</p>

-<p class="par">In the morning all the animals came down to the well to

-drink as usual, and found the Rabbit stuck fast to the wolf of tar, and

-they began to discuss what disposition to make of him, so one suggested

-that they cut his head off, to which the Rabbit replied, &ldquo;Please

-do cut my head off, for it is such an easy death to die,&rdquo; but

-this aroused the suspicion of the animals, so that the fox said,

-&ldquo;No, we will not do this for he deserves a harsher death than

-this,&rdquo; whereupon they all agreed. Then the Wolf suggested that

-they burn him alive, to which the Rabbit said, &ldquo;Please Mr. Wolf,

-have me burned, for that will be so easy,&rdquo; but this did not

-please the audience, and another suggested that they take him to the

-briar patch, and throw him into the thickest part of the sharp briars

-to scratch him to pieces, to which the Rabbit said, &ldquo;Oh, Mr. Fox,

-please do not allow me to be thrown into the briars for they stick and

-scratch me so much that I could never stand the pain&rdquo;; and they

-all with one accord exclaimed, &ldquo;Throw him in,&rdquo; and they

-threw him into the briars, and the Rabbit sped away as fast as he

-could, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb143" href="#pb143" name=

-"pb143">143</a>]</span>saying, &ldquo;This is where I was reared, this

-is my home, and this is all that I could desire.&rdquo;</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH EIGHT.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>The Rabbit and the Possum After a Wife.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">The Rabbit and the Possum each wanted a wife, but

-no one would marry either of them. They talked the matter over and the

-Rabbit said, &ldquo;We can&rsquo;t get wives here; let&rsquo;s go to

-the next settlement. I&rsquo;m the messenger for the council, and

-I&rsquo;ll tell the people that I bring an order that everybody must

-take a mate at once, and then we&rsquo;ll be sure to get

-wives.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">The Possum thought this a fine plan, so they started off

-together to the next town. As the Rabbit traveled faster he got there

-first and waited outside until the people noticed him and took him into

-the town-house. When the chief came to ask him his business the Rabbit

-said he brought an important message from the council that everybody

-must get married without delay. So the chief called the people together

-and told them the message from the council, whereupon every animal took

-a mate at once, and the Rabbit got a wife.</p>

-<p class="par">The Possum traveled so slowly that he got there after

-all the animals had mated, leaving him still without a wife.</p>

-<p class="par">The Rabbit pretended to feel sorry for him and said,

-&ldquo;Never mind, I&rsquo;ll carry the message to the people in the

-next settlement, and you hurry on as fast as you can, and this time you

-will get your wife.&rdquo; So he went on to the next town, and the

-Possum followed close after <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb144" href=

-"#pb144" name="pb144">144</a>]</span>him. But when the Rabbit got to

-the town-house, he sent out the word that, as there had been peace so

-long there that everybody was getting lazy, the council had ordered

-that there must be war at once, and they must begin right in the

-town-house. So they all began fighting, but the Rabbit made four great

-leaps and got away just as the Possum came in. Everybody jumped on the

-Possum, who had not thought of bringing his weapons on a wedding trip,

-and so could not defend himself. They had nearly beaten the life out of

-him when he fell over and pretended to be dead until he saw a good

-chance to jump up and get away. The Possum never got a wife, but he

-remembers the lesson, and ever since he shuts his eyes and pretends to

-be dead when the hunter has him in a close place.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH NINE.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>How the Turkey Got His Beard.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">When the Terrapin won the race from the Rabbit

-(see Myth Six) all the animals wondered and talked about it a great

-deal, because they had always thought the Terrapin slow, although they

-knew that he was a warrior and had many conjuring secrets besides.</p>

-<p class="par">But the Turkey was not satisfied, and told the others

-that there must be some trick about it. Said he, &ldquo;I know the

-Terrapin can&rsquo;t run&mdash;he can hardly crawl&mdash;and I&rsquo;m

-going to try him.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">So one day the Turkey met the Terrapin coming home from

-war with a fresh scalp hanging from his neck and dragging on the ground

-as he traveled. The Turkey <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb145" href=

-"#pb145" name="pb145">145</a>]</span>laughed at the sight and said:

-&ldquo;That scalp don&rsquo;t look right on you. Your neck is too short

-and low down to wear it that way. Let me show you.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">The Terrapin agreed and gave the scalp to the Turkey,

-who fastened it around his neck. &ldquo;Now,&rdquo; said the Turkey,

-&ldquo;I&rsquo;ll walk a little way and you can see how it

-looks.&rdquo; So he walked ahead a short distance and then turned and

-asked the Terrapin how he liked it. Said the Terrapin, &ldquo;It looks

-very nice; it becomes you.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">&ldquo;Now, I&rsquo;ll fix it in a different way and let

-you see how it looks,&rdquo; said the Turkey. So he gave the string

-another pull and walked ahead again. &ldquo;Oh, that looks very

-nice,&rdquo; said the Terrapin. But the Turkey kept on walking, and the

-Terrapin called to him to bring back the scalp, but he only walked the

-faster and broke into a run.</p>

-<p class="par">Then the Terrapin got out his bow and by his conjuring

-art shot a number of cane splits into the Turkey&rsquo;s legs, to

-cripple him so he could not run, which accounts for all the many bones

-in the Turkey&rsquo;s legs, that are of no use whatever; but the

-Terrapin never caught the Turkey, who still wears the scalp from his

-neck.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH TEN.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>Why the Turkey Gobbles.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">A long time ago the Grouse had a fine voice and a

-good halloo in the ball play. All the animals and birds used to play

-ball in those days and were just as proud of a loud halloo as the ball

-players of today. The Turkey had a poor voice, so he asked the Grouse

-to give him <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb146" href="#pb146" name=

-"pb146">146</a>]</span>lessons. The Grouse agreed to teach him, but

-wanted pay for his trouble, and the Turkey promised to give him some

-feathers to make him a collar. This is how the Grouse got his collar of

-turkey feathers. They began the lessons, and the Turkey learned very

-fast until the Grouse thought it was time for the Turkey to try his

-voice. &ldquo;Now,&rdquo; said the Grouse, &ldquo;I&rsquo;ll stand on

-this hollow log, and when I give the signal by tapping on it, you must

-halloo as loudly as you can.&rdquo; So he got upon the log ready to tap

-on it, as a Grouse does, but when he gave the signal the Turkey was so

-eager and excited that he could not raise his voice for a shout, but

-only gobbled, and ever since then he gobbles whenever he hears a

-noise.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH ELEVEN.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>How the Kingfisher Got His Bill.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">Some old men tell us that the Kingfisher was meant

-in the beginning to be a water bird, but as he had not been given

-either web feet or a good bill he could not make a living.</p>

-<p class="par">The animals held a council over it and decided to make

-him a bill like a long sharp awl for a fish-gig or spear.</p>

-<p class="par">They made him a fish-gig and fastened it on in front of

-his mouth. Me flew to the top of a tree, sailed out and darted down

-into the water, and came up with a fish on his gig; and he has been the

-best gigger ever since.</p>

-<p class="par">Others say it was this way: A Blacksnake found a

-yellow-hammer&rsquo;s nest in a hollow tree, and after swallowing

-<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb147" href="#pb147" name=

-"pb147">147</a>]</span>the young birds, coiled up in the nest to sleep,

-and when the mother bird found him there, she went for help to the

-Little People, who sent her to the Kingfisher. He came, and after

-flying back and forth past the hole a few times, made one dart at the

-snake and pulled him out dead.</p>

-<p class="par">When they looked they found a hole in the snake&rsquo;s

-head where the Kingfisher had pierced it with a slender tugaluna fish,

-which he carried in his bill like a lance. From this the Little People

-concluded that he would make a first-class gigger if he only had the

-right spear, so they gave him his long bill as a reward, and he has

-ever since been known among all the fowls and animals as the best

-fisherman among them.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH TWELVE.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>How the Partridge Got His Whistle.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">In the old days, when the world was new, the

-Terrapin had a fine whistle, but the Partridge had none. The Terrapin

-was constantly going about whistling and showing his whistle to the

-other animals, until the Partridge became jealous, so one day when they

-met, the Partridge asked leave of the Terrapin to try the whistle.</p>

-<p class="par">The Terrapin was afraid to risk it at first, suspecting

-some trick, but the Partridge said, &ldquo;I&rsquo;ll give it back

-right away, and if you are afraid you can stay with me while I

-practice.&rdquo; So the Terrapin let him have the whistle and the

-Partridge walked around blowing on it in fine fashion. &ldquo;How does

-it sound with me?&rdquo; asked the Partridge. &ldquo;O, you do very

-well,&rdquo; said the Terrapin, walking <span class="pagenum">[<a id=

-"pb148" href="#pb148" name="pb148">148</a>]</span>alongside.

-&ldquo;Now, how do you like it,&rdquo; said the Partridge, running

-ahead and whistling a little faster. &ldquo;That&rsquo;s fine,&rdquo;

-answered the Terrapin, hurrying to keep up, &ldquo;but don&rsquo;t run

-so fast.&rdquo; &ldquo;And now how do you like this?&rdquo; called the

-Partridge, and with that he spread his wings, gave one long whistle,

-and flew to the top of a tree, leaving the poor Terrapin to look after

-him from the ground.</p>

-<p class="par">The Terrapin never recovered his whistle, and from that

-and the loss of his scalp, which was stolen from him by the Turkey, he

-grew ashamed to be seen, and ever since then he shuts himself up in his

-box when anyone comes near him.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTEEN.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>How the Red Bird Got His Color.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">A Raccoon passing a Wolf one day made several

-insulting remarks, until at last the Wolf became angry and turned and

-chased him. The Raccoon ran his best, and managed to reach a tree by

-the river side before the Wolf came up. He climbed the tree and

-stretched out on a limb overhanging the water. When the Wolf arrived,

-he saw the reflection in the water, and, thinking it was the Raccoon,

-jumped at it and was nearly drowned before he could scramble out again,

-all wet and dripping. He lay down on the bank to dry and fell asleep,

-and while he was sleeping the Raccoon came down the tree and got some

-blue-pipe clay and plastered his eyes so that he could not open them

-and he began to howl and make a whining noise. <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb149" href="#pb149" name="pb149">149</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">A little brown bird came along and hearing the Wolf

-crying, asked what was the matter. The Wolf told his story and said:

-&ldquo;If you will get my eyes open, I will show you where to get some

-nice red paint to paint yourself.&rdquo; &ldquo;All right,&rdquo; said

-the brown bird; so he began to peck at the mud and soon got his eyes

-open. Then the Wolf took him to a rock that had streaks of bright red

-paint running through it, and the little bird painted himself with it,

-and has ever since been known as the Red-bird.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH FOURTEEN.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>The Pheasant Beating Corn, the Origin of the

-Pheasant Dance.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">The Pheasant once saw a woman beating corn in a

-wooden mortar in front of the house. &ldquo;I can do that, too,&rdquo;

-said he, but the woman would not believe it, so the Pheasant went into

-the woods and got upon a hollow log and &ldquo;drummed&rdquo; with his

-wings, as a Pheasant does, until the people in the house heard him and

-thought he was really beating corn.</p>

-<p class="par">In the Pheasant dance, a part of the Green-Corn dance,

-the instrument used is a drum, and the dancers beat the ground with

-their feet in imitation of the drumming sound made by the Pheasant.</p>

-<p class="par">They form two concentric circles, the men beginning on

-the inside, facing the women in the outer circle; each in turn

-advancing and retreating at the signal of the drummer, who sits at one

-side and sings the Pheasant songs. According to the story, there was

-once a winter famine among the birds and animals. No mast could

-<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb150" href="#pb150" name=

-"pb150">150</a>]</span>be found in the woods, and they were near

-starvation when a Pheasant discovered a holly tree, loaded with red

-berries, which the Pheasant is very fond of. He called his companions,

-and they formed a circle about the tree, singing, dancing and drumming

-with their wings in token of their joy, and thus originated the

-Pheasant dance.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH FIFTEEN.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>The Race Between the Crane and the

-Humming-Bird.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">The Humming-Bird and the Crane were both in love

-with a pretty woman. She <span class="corr" id="xd23e6640" title=

-"Source: perferred">preferred</span> the Humming-bird, who was as

-handsome as the Crane was awkward, but the Crane was so persistent that

-in order to get rid of him she finally told him he must challenge the

-other to a race and she would marry the winner. The Humming-bird was so

-swift&mdash;almost like a flash of lightning&mdash;and the Crane so

-slow and heavy, that she felt sure that the Humming-bird would win. She

-did not know that the Crane could fly all night.</p>

-<p class="par">They agreed to start from her house and fly around the

-circle of the world to the beginning, and the one who came in first

-would marry the woman. At the word the Humming-bird darted off like an

-arrow and was out of sight in a moment, leaving his rival to follow

-heavily behind. He flew all day, and when evening came and he stopped

-to roost for the night he was far ahead. But the Crane flew steadily

-all night, passing the humming-bird soon after midnight, and going on

-until he came to a creek and stopped to rest about daybreak.

-<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb151" href="#pb151" name=

-"pb151">151</a>]</span>The Humming-bird woke up in the morning and flew

-on again, thinking how easily he would win the race, until he reached

-the creek, and there found the Crane spearing tadpoles, with his long

-bill, for breakfast.</p>

-<p class="par">He was very much surprised and wondered how this could

-have happened, but he flew swiftly by and soon left the Crane out of

-sight again. The Crane finished his breakfast and started on, and when

-evening came he kept on as before.</p>

-<p class="par">This time it was hardly midnight when he passed the

-Humming-bird asleep on a limb, and in the morning he had finished his

-breakfast before the other came up. The next day he gained a little

-more, and on the fourth day he was spearing tadpoles for dinner when

-the Humming-bird passed him. On the fifth and sixth days it was late in

-the afternoon before the Humming-bird came up, and, on the morning of

-the seventh day the Crane was a whole night&rsquo;s travel ahead.</p>

-<p class="par">He took his time at breakfast and then fixed himself up

-as nicely as he could at the creek and came in at the starting place

-where the woman lived, early in the morning.</p>

-<p class="par">When the Humming-bird arrived in the afternoon he found

-that he had lost the race, but the woman declared she would never have

-such an ugly fellow for a husband as the Crane.</p>

-<p class="par">Moral. Beware of fine feathers. <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb152" href="#pb152" name="pb152">152</a>]</span></p>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div1 poem"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h2 class="main"><i>SNAKE, FISH AND INSECT MYTHS.</i></h2>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH SIXTEEN.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>The Snake Tribe.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">The generic name for snake is inadu. They are all

-regarded as inaduwehi, &ldquo;supernaturals,&rdquo; having an intimate

-connection with the rain and the thunder gods, and possessing a certain

-influence over the other animals and plant tribes. It is said that the

-snakes, the deer, and the ginseng act as allies, so that an injury to

-one is avenged by the others. The feeling toward snakes is one mingled

-with fear and reverence, and every precaution is taken to avoid the

-killing or offending one, especially the rattlesnake. He who kills a

-snake will soon see others; and should he kill a second one, so many

-will come around him, whichever way he may turn, that he will become

-dazed at the sight of their glistening eyes and darting tongues, and

-will go wandering about like a crazy man, unable to find his way out of

-the woods.</p>

-<p class="par">To guard against this misfortune there are certain

-prayers which the initiated say in order that a snake may not cross

-their path, and on meeting the first one of the season the hunter

-humbly begs of him, &ldquo;Let us not see each other this

-summer.&rdquo; Certain smells, as that of the wild parsnip, and certain

-songs, as those of the Unikawi or town-house dance, are offensive to

-the snakes and make them angry. For this reason the Unikawi dance is

-held only late in the fall, after they have retired to their dens for

-the winter. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb153" href="#pb153" name=

-"pb153">153</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">When one dreams of being bitten by a snake he must be

-treated the same as for the actual bite, because it is the snake ghost

-that has bitten him; otherwise the place will swell and ulcerate in the

-same way, even though it be years afterwards. For fear of offending

-them, even in speaking, it is never said that a man has been bitten by

-a snake, but only that he has been &ldquo;scratched by a briar.&rdquo;

-Most of the beliefs and customs in this connection have more special

-reference to the rattlesnake.</p>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="table">

-<table>

-<tr>

-<td class="cellLeft cellTop">

-<div class="figure xd23e6679width" id="p153-1"><img src=

-"images/p153-1.jpg" alt="Kanuga Lake and Pinnacle." width="333" height=

-"510">

-<p class="figureHead">Kanuga Lake and Pinnacle.</p>

-</div>

-</td>

-<td class="cellRight cellTop">

-<div class="figure xd23e6684width" id="p153-2"><img src=

-"images/p153-2.jpg" alt="Lake Fairfield." width="333" height="512">

-<p class="figureHead">Lake Fairfield.</p>

-</div>

-</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="cellLeft cellBottom">

-<div class="figure xd23e6690width" id="p153-3"><img src=

-"images/p153-3.jpg" alt="Kanuga Lake, Hendersonville." width="333"

-height="514">

-<p class="figureHead">Kanuga Lake, Hendersonville.</p>

-</div>

-</td>

-<td class="cellRight cellBottom">

-<div class="figure xd23e6695width"><img src="images/p153-4.jpg" alt=

-"Pacolet River, Hendersonville." width="333" height="510">

-<p class="figureHead">Pacolet River, Hendersonville.</p>

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="q">

-<div class="body">

-<div class="lgouter">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Down the valley glides the river,</p>

-<p class="line">Murmuring a sad farewell.&rdquo;</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-</div>

-</td>

-</tr>

-</table>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<p class="par">The rattlesnake is called utsanati, which may be

-rendered, &ldquo;he has a bell,&rdquo; alluding to the rattles.

-According to their myths the rattlesnake was once a man, and was

-transformed to his present shape that he might save the human race from

-extermination by the Sun, a mission which he accomplished successfully

-after others had failed.</p>

-<p class="par">By the old men he is also spoken of as &ldquo;The

-Thunder&rsquo;s Necklace,&rdquo; and to kill one is to destroy one of

-the most prized ornaments of the Thunder-god. In one of the formulas

-addressed to the Little Men, the sons of the Thunder, they are implored

-to take the disease snake to themselves, because, &ldquo;It is just

-what you adorn yourselves with.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">For obvious reasons the rattlesnake is regarded as the

-chief of the tribe and is feared and respected accordingly. Few

-Cherokee will venture to kill one except under absolute necessity, and

-even then the crime must be atoned for by asking pardon of the snake

-ghost, either through the mediation of a priest or in person according

-to a set formula.</p>

-<p class="par">Otherwise, the relatives of the dead snake will send one

-of their number to track up the offender and bite him, so that he will

-die. The only thing of which it is said that the rattlesnake is afraid

-is the plant known as <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb154" href=

-"#pb154" name="pb154">154</a>]</span>campion, or

-&ldquo;rattlesnake&rsquo;s master&rdquo; (Silene Stella), which is used

-by doctors to counteract the effect of the bite, and it is believed

-that a snake will flee in terror from the hunter who carries a small

-piece of the root about his person.</p>

-<p class="par">Notwithstanding the fear of the rattlesnake, his

-rattles, teeth, flesh and oil are greatly prized for occult or medical

-uses, the snake being killed for this purpose by certain priests who

-know the necessary rites and formulas for obtaining pardon.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH SEVENTEEN.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>The Uktena and the Ulunsuti.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">Long ago&mdash;hilahiyu&mdash;when the Sun became

-angry at the people on earth, and sent a sickness to destroy them, the

-Little Men changed a man into a monster snake, as large as the trunk of

-a tree, with horns, which they called the Uktena, &ldquo;The

-Keen-eyed,&rdquo; and sent him to kill her. He failed to do the work,

-and the Rattlesnake had to be sent instead, which made the Uktena so

-jealous and angry that the people were afraid of him and had him taken

-to Galunlati, to stay with the other dangerous things. He left others

-behind him, though, nearly as large and dangerous as himself, and they

-hide now in the deep pools in the river and about lonely passes in the

-high mountains, the places which the Cherokee call, &ldquo;Where the

-Uktena stays.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Those who know say that the Uktena with its horns on its

-head has a bright blazing crest like a diamond upon its forehead, and

-scales glittering like sparks of <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb155"

-href="#pb155" name="pb155">155</a>]</span>fire upon its body. It has

-rings or spots along its whole length, and cannot be wounded except by

-shooting in the seventh spot from the head because under this spot are

-its heart and its life.</p>

-<p class="par">The blazing spot is called Ulunsuti,

-&ldquo;Transparent,&rdquo; and he who can win it may become the

-greatest wonder-worker of the tribe, but it is worth a man&rsquo;s life

-to attempt it, for whoever is seen by the Uktena is so dazed by the

-bright light that he runs toward the snake instead of trying to escape.

-Even to see the Uktena asleep is death, not to the hunter himself, but

-to his family. Of all the daring warriors who have started out in

-search of Ulunsu&rsquo;ti only <span class="corr" id="xd23e6734" title=

-"Source: Agan-unitsi">Agan-uni-tsi</span> ever came back

-successful.</p>

-<p class="par">The East Cherokee still keeps the one that he bought. It

-is like a transparent crystal, nearly the shape of a cartridge bullet,

-with blood-red streaks running thru the center from top to bottom. The

-owner keeps it wrapped in a whole deerskin, inside an earthen vessel,

-hidden away in a secret cave in the mountains.</p>

-<p class="par">Every seven days he feeds it with the blood of small

-game, rubbing the blood all over the crystal as soon as the animal has

-been killed. Twice a year it must have the blood of a deer or some

-other large animal. Should he forget to feed it at the proper time it

-would come out of the cave at night in a shape of fire and fly thru the

-air to slake its thirst with the life blood of the conjurer or some of

-his people.</p>

-<p class="par">He may save himself from this danger by telling it, when

-he puts it away, that he will not need it again for a long time. It

-will then go quietly to sleep and feel no hunger until it is again

-brought out to be consulted. Then it must be fed again on blood before

-it is used. No white man must ever see it, and no person but the owner

-will venture near it for fear of sudden death. <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb156" href="#pb156" name="pb156">156</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Even the conjurer who keeps it is afraid of it, and

-changes its hiding place every once in a while so that it cannot learn

-the way out. When he dies it will be buried with him. Otherwise, it

-will come out of its cave, like a blazing star, to search for his

-grave, night after night for seven years, when, if still not able to

-find him, it will go back to sleep forever where he has placed it.</p>

-<p class="par">Whoever owns the Ulunsuti is sure of success in hunting,

-love, rain-making and every other business, but its great use is in

-life prophecy. When it is consulted for this purpose the future is seen

-mirrored in the clear crystal as a tree is reflected in the quiet

-stream below, and the conjurer knows whether the sick man will recover,

-whether the warrior will return from the battle, or whether the youth

-will live to be old.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH EIGHTEEN.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>Agan-uni-tsi&rsquo;s Search for the

-Uktena.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">In one of their battles with the Showano, who are

-all magicians, the Cherokee captured a great medicine-man, whose name

-was Agan-uni-tsi, &ldquo;The Ground-Hog&rsquo;s Mother.&rdquo; They had

-tied him ready for the torture when he begged for his life, and

-engaged, if they spared him, to find for them the great wonder-worker,

-the Ulunsuti. Now, the Ulunsuti is like a blazing star set in the

-forehead of the great Uktena serpent, and the medicine-man who could

-possess it might do marvelous things, but everyone knew that this could

-not be, because it was certain death to meet the Uktena. They warned

-him of all this, but he only answered that his medicine was

-<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb157" href="#pb157" name=

-"pb157">157</a>]</span>strong and that he was not afraid. So they gave

-him his life on that condition and he began the search.</p>

-<p class="par">The Uktena used to lie in wait in lonely places to

-surprise its victims, and especially haunted the dark passes of the

-Great Smoky Mountains. Knowing this, the magician went first to a gap

-in the range on the far northern border of the Cherokee country. He

-searched there and found a monster blacksnake, larger than had ever

-been known before, but it was not what he was looking for, and he

-laughed at it as something too small for notice.</p>

-<p class="par">Coming southward to the next gap he found there a

-moccasin snake, the largest ever seen, but when the people wondered he

-said it was nothing. In the next gap he found a green snake and called

-the people to see it, (the pretty salikwaya), but when they found an

-immense greensnake coiled up in the path they ran away in fear.</p>

-<p class="par">Coming on to Utawa-gun-ti, the Bald mountain, he found

-there a great diyahali (lizard) basking, but, although it was large and

-terrible to look at, it was not what he was looking for and he paid no

-attention to it. Going still further south to Walasi-yi, the Frog

-place, he found a great frog squatting in the gap but when the people

-who came to see it were frightened like the others and ran away from

-the monster he mocked at them for being afraid of a frog and went on to

-the next gap.</p>

-<p class="par">He went on to Duni-skwa-lgun-yi, the Gap of the Forked

-Antler, and to the enchanted lake of Atagahi, and at each he found

-monstrous reptiles, but he said they were nothing.</p>

-<p class="par">He thought that the Uktena might be hiding in the deep

-water at Tlanusiyi, the Leech place, on Hiwassee, where other strange

-things had been seen before, and going there he dived far down under

-the surface. He <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb158" href="#pb158"

-name="pb158">158</a>]</span>saw turtles and water snakes, and two

-immense sun-perches rushed at him and retreated again, but that was

-all.</p>

-<p class="par">Other places he tried, going always southward, and at

-last on Gahuti mountain he found the Uktena asleep.</p>

-<p class="par">Turning without noise, he ran swiftly down the

-mountainside as far as he could go with one long breath, nearly to the

-bottom of the slope. Then he stopped and piled up a lot of pine-cones,

-and inside of it he dug a deep trench. Then he set fire to the cones

-and came back again up the mountain.</p>

-<p class="par">The Uktena was still asleep, and, putting an arrow to

-his bow, <span class="corr" id="xd23e6776" title=

-"Source: Agan-unitsi">Agan-uni-tsi</span> shot and sent the arrow

-through its heart, which was under the seventh spot from the

-serpent&rsquo;s head.</p>

-<p class="par">The great snake raised his head, with the diamond in

-front flashing fire, and came straight at his enemy, but the magician,

-turning quickly, ran at full speed down the mountain, cleared the

-circle of fire and the trench at one bound, and lay down on the ground

-inside. The Uktena tried to follow, but the arrow was thru his heart,

-and in another moment he rolled over in his death struggle, spitting

-poison over all the mountainside. The poison drops could not pass the

-circle of fire, but only hissed and sputtered in the blaze, and the

-magician on the inside was untouched except by one small drop which

-struck upon his head as he lay close to the ground; but he did not know

-it. The blood, too, as poisonous as the froth, poured from the

-Uktena&rsquo;s wound and down the slope in a stream, but it ran into

-the trench and left him unharmed.</p>

-<p class="par">The dying monster rolled over and over down the

-mountain, breaking down large trees in its path until it reached the

-bottom. Then Agan-uni-tsi called every bird <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb159" href="#pb159" name="pb159">159</a>]</span>in

-all the woods to come to the feast, and so many came that when they

-were done not even the bones were left. After seven days he went by

-night to the spot.</p>

-<p class="par">The body and the bones of the snake were gone, all eaten

-by the birds, but he saw a bright light shining in the darkness, and

-going over to it he found, resting on a low-hanging branch, where a

-raven had dropped it<span class="corr" id="xd23e6788" title=

-"Source: .">,</span> the diamond from the head of Uktena. He wrapped it

-up carefully and took it with him, and from that time he became the

-greatest medicine-man in the whole tribe.</p>

-<p class="par">When he came down again to the settlement the people

-noticed a small snake hanging from his head where the single drop of

-poison from the Uktena had struck him; but so long as he lived he

-himself never knew that it was there.</p>

-<p class="par">Where the blood of the Uktena had filled the trench a

-lake formed afterwards, and the water was black and in this water the

-women used to dye the cane splits for their baskets.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH NINETEEN.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>The Red Man and the Uktena.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">Two brothers went hunting together, and when they

-came to a good camping place in the mountains they made a fire, and

-while one gathered bark to put up a shelter, the other started up the

-creek to look for a deer. Soon he heard a noise on the top of the ridge

-as if two animals were fighting. He hurried thru the brush to see what

-it might be, and when he came to the spot he found a great Uktena

-coiled around a man and choking <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb160"

-href="#pb160" name="pb160">160</a>]</span>him to death. The man was

-fighting for his life, and called out to the hunter, &ldquo;Help me,

-nephew; he is your enemy as well as mine.&rdquo; The hunter took good

-aim, and, drawing the arrow to the head, sent it thru the body of the

-Uktena, so that the blood spouted from the hole. The snake loosed its

-coils with a snapping noise, and went tumbling down the ridge into the

-valley, tearing up the earth like a water-spout as it rolled.</p>

-<p class="par">The stranger stood up, and it was the Asgaya Gigagei,

-the Red Man of the Lightning. He said to the hunter: &ldquo;You have

-helped me, and now I will reward you, and give you a medicine so that

-you can always find game.&rdquo; They waited until it was dark, and

-then went down the ridge to where the dead Uktena had rolled, but by

-this time the birds and the insects had eaten the body and only the

-bones were left.</p>

-<p class="par">In one place were flashes of light coming up from the

-ground, and on digging here, just under the surface, the Red Man found

-a scale of the Uktena. Next he went over to the tree that had been

-struck by lightning, and gathering a handful of splinters he made a

-fire and burned the scale of the Uktena to a coal. He wrapped this in a

-piece of deerskin and gave it to the hunter, saying: &ldquo;As long as

-you keep this you can always kill game.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Then he told the hunter that when he went back to camp

-he must hang up the medicine on a tree outside, because it was very

-strong and dangerous. He told him also that when he went into the cabin

-he would find his brother lying inside nearly dead on account of the

-presence of the Uktena scale, but he must take a small piece of cane,

-which the Red Man gave him, and scrape a little of it into water and

-give it to his brother to drink, and he would be well again.</p>

-<p class="par">Then the Red Man was gone, and the hunter could not

-<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb161" href="#pb161" name=

-"pb161">161</a>]</span>see where he went. He returned to camp alone,

-and found his brother very sick, but soon cured him with the medicine

-from the cane, and that day and the next, and every day after, he found

-game whenever he went for it.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>The Hunter and the Uksuhi.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">A man living down in Georgia came to visit some

-relatives at Hickory-log. He was a great hunter, and after resting for

-some days, got ready to go into the mountains. His friends warned him

-not to go toward the north, as in that direction, near a certain large

-uprooted tree, there lived a dangerous monster Uksuhi snake.</p>

-<p class="par">It kept constant watch, and whenever it could spring

-upon an unwary hunter it would coil about him and crush out his life in

-its folds, and then drag the dead body down the mountainside into a

-deep hole in Hiwassee river. He listened quietly to the warning, but

-all they said only made him the more anxious to see such a monster, so,

-without saying anything of his intentions, he left the settlement and

-took his way directly up the mountain toward the north.</p>

-<p class="par">Soon he came to the fallen tree and climbed upon the

-trunk, and there, sure enough, on the other side was the great Uksuhi

-stretched out in the grass, with its head raised, but looking the other

-way.</p>

-<p class="par">It was as large as a common trunk of a tree, and at the

-sight of this terrible monster the hunter became so much frightened

-that he made haste to get down <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb162"

-href="#pb162" name="pb162">162</a>]</span>from the log and started to

-run; but the great snake had heard him approach, and the noise as he

-started to make his escape, whereupon it turned quickly and pursued

-him.</p>

-<p class="par">Up the ridge the hunter ran, the snake close behind him,

-then down the other side toward the river, but with all his running the

-Uksuhi gained rapidly, and just as he reached the low ground it caught

-up with him and wrapped around him, pinning one arm down by his side,

-but leaving the other free. Now, it gave him a terrible squeeze that

-almost broke his ribs, and then began to drag him along toward the

-water. With his free hand the hunter began to clutch at the bushes as

-they passed, but the snake turned his head and blew its sickening

-breath into his face, until he had to let go his hold.</p>

-<p class="par">Again and again this happened, and all the time they

-were getting nearer and nearer to a deep hole in the river, when,

-almost at the last moment, a lucky thought came into the hunter&rsquo;s

-mind. He was sweating all over from his run across the mountain, and

-suddenly remembered to have heard that snakes cannot bear the smell of

-perspiration. Putting his free hand into his bosom he worked it around

-under his armpit until it was covered with perspiration. Then

-withdrawing it, he grasped at a bush until the snake turned its head,

-when he quickly slapped his sweaty hand on its nose. The Uksuhi gave

-one gasp almost as if it had been wounded, loosened its coil, and

-glided swiftly away thru the bushes, leaving the hunter, bruised but

-not disabled, to make his way home to the Hickory-log. <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb163" href="#pb163" name="pb163">163</a>]</span></p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-ONE.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>The Ustutli.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">There was once a great serpent, called the

-Ustutli, that made its haunt upon Cohutta mountain. It was called the

-Ustutli or &ldquo;foot&rdquo; snake, because it did not glide like

-other snakes, but had feet at each end of its body, and moved by

-strides or jerks, like a great measuring worm.</p>

-<p class="par">These feet were three-cornered and flat and could hold

-to the ground like suckers. It had no legs, but would raise itself up

-on its hind feet, with its snaky head high in the air until it found a

-good place to take a fresh hold; then it would bend down and grip its

-front feet to the ground while it drew its body up from behind.</p>

-<p class="par">It could cross rivers and deep ravines by throwing its

-head across, and getting a grip with its front feet, and then swing its

-body over. Wherever its footprints were found there was danger.</p>

-<p class="par">It used to bleat like a young fawn, and when the hunter

-heard a fawn bleat in the woods he never looked for it, but hurried

-away in the other direction. Up the mountain or down, nothing could

-escape the Ustutli&rsquo;s pursuit, but along the side of the ridge it

-could not go, because the great weight of its swinging head broke its

-hold on the ground when it moved sideways.</p>

-<p class="par">It came to pass after awhile that not a hunter about

-Cohutta would venture near the mountain for dread of the Ustutli.</p>

-<p class="par">At last a man from one of the northern settlements came

-down to visit some relatives in that neighborhood. When he arrived they

-made a feast for him, but only had <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb164"

-href="#pb164" name="pb164">164</a>]</span>corn and beans, and excused

-themselves for having no meat because the hunters were afraid to go

-into the mountains. He asked the reason, and when they told him he said

-he would go himself tomorrow and either bring in a deer or find the

-Ustutli. They tried to dissuade him from it, but as he insisted upon

-going they warned him that if a fawn bleated in the thicket he must run

-at once and if the snake came after him he must not try to run down the

-mountain, but along the side of the ridge.</p>

-<p class="par">In the morning he started out, and went directly to the

-mountain. Working his way thru the bushes at the base, he suddenly

-heard a fawn bleat in front. He guessed at once that it was the

-Ustutli, but he had made up his mind to see it, so he did not turn

-back, but went straight forward, and there, sure enough, was the

-monster, with its great head in the air, as high as the pine branches,

-looking in every direction to discover a deer, or maybe a man, for

-breakfast. It saw him and came at him at once, moving in jerky strides,

-every one the length of a tree trunk, holding its scaly head high above

-the bushes and bleating as it came. The hunter was so badly frightened

-that he lost his wits entirely and started to run directly up the

-mountain.</p>

-<p class="par">The great snake came after him, gaining half its length

-on him every time it took a fresh grip with its fore feet, and would

-have caught the hunter before he reached the top of the ridge, but that

-he suddenly remembered the warning and changed his course to run along

-the side of the mountain. At once the snake began to lose ground, for

-every time it raised itself up the weight of its body threw it out of a

-straight line and made it fall a little lower down the side of the

-ridge. It tried to recover itself, but now the hunter gained and kept

-on until <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb165" href="#pb165" name=

-"pb165">165</a>]</span>he turned the end of the ridge and left the

-snake out of sight. Then he cautiously climbed to the top and looked

-over and saw the Ustutli still slowly working its way toward the

-summit.</p>

-<p class="par">He went down to the base of the mountain, opened his

-fire pouch, and set fire to the grass and leaves. Soon the fire ran all

-around the mountain and began to climb upward.</p>

-<p class="par">When the great serpent smelled the smoke and saw the

-flames coming, it forgot all about the hunter and turned to make all

-speed for a high cliff near the summit. It reached the rock and got

-upon it, but the fire followed and caught the dead pines about the base

-of the cliff until the heat made the Ustutli&rsquo;s scales crack.</p>

-<p class="par">Taking a close grip of the rock with its hind feet, it

-raised its body and put forth all its strength in an effort to spring

-across the wall of fire that surrounded it, but the smoke choked it and

-its hold loosened and it fell among the blazing pine trunks and

-<span class="corr" id="xd23e6869" title="Source: law">lay</span> there

-until it was burned to ashes.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-TWO.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>The Uwtsunta.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">At Nundayeli, the wildest spot in Nantahala river,

-(in what is now Macon County, North Carolina), where the overhanging

-cliff is highest and the river far below, there lived in the old time a

-great snake called the Uwtsunta (or bouncer), because it moved by jerks

-like a measuring worm, with only one part of its body on the ground at

-a time. It stayed generally on the east side, where <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb166" href="#pb166" name="pb166">166</a>]</span>the

-sun came first in the morning, and used to cross by reaching over from

-the highest point of the cliff until it could get a grip on the other

-side, when it would pull over the rest of its body.</p>

-<p class="par">It was so immense that when it was thus stretched

-across, its shadow darkened the whole valley below.</p>

-<p class="par">For a long time the people did not know it was there,

-but when at last they found out that such a monster inhabited the

-country, they were afraid to live in the valley, so that it was

-deserted long before the Indians were removed from the country.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-THREE.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>The Snake Boy.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">There was a boy who used to go bird hunting every

-day, and all the birds he brought home to give to his grandmother, who

-was very fond of him. This made the rest of the family jealous, and

-they treated him in such fashion that at last one day he told his

-grandmother he would leave them all, but that she must not grieve for

-him.</p>

-<p class="par">Next morning he refused to eat any breakfast, but went

-off hungry to the woods and was gone all day. In the evening he

-returned, bringing with him a pair of deer horns, and went directly to

-the hothouse (Asi), where his grandmother was waiting for him. He told

-the old woman that he must be alone that night, so she got up and went

-into the house where the others were.</p>

-<p class="par">At early daybreak she came again to the hothouse and

-<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb167" href="#pb167" name=

-"pb167">167</a>]</span>looked in, and there she saw an immense Uktena

-that filled the Asi, with horns on its head, but still with two human

-legs instead of a snake&rsquo;s tail.</p>

-<p class="par">It was all that was left of her boy. He spoke to her and

-told her to leave him, and she went away again from the door. When the

-sun was well up, the Uktena began slowly to crawl out, but it was full

-noon before it was all out of the Asi. It made a terrible hissing noise

-as it came out, and all the people ran from it.</p>

-<p class="par">It crawled on thru the settlement, leaving a broad trail

-in the ground behind it, until it came to a deep bend in the river,

-where it plunged in and went under the water.</p>

-<p class="par">The grandmother grieved much for the boy, until the

-others of the family got angry and told her that she thought so much of

-him that she ought to go and stay with him. So she left them and went

-along the trail made by the Uktena to the river and walked directly

-into the water and disappeared. Once after that a man fishing near the

-place saw her sitting on a large rock in the river, looking just as she

-had always looked, but as soon as she caught sight of him she jumped

-into the water and was gone.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-FOUR.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>The Snake Man.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">Two hunters, both for some reason under a tabu

-against the meat of a squirrel or turkey, had gone into the woods

-together. When evening came, they found a good camping place and

-lighted a fire to prepare their <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb168"

-href="#pb168" name="pb168">168</a>]</span>supper. One of them had

-killed several squirrels during the day, and now got ready to broil

-them over the fire.</p>

-<p class="par">His companion warned him that if he broke the tabu and

-ate squirrel meat he would become a snake, but the other laughed and

-said that was only a conjurer&rsquo;s story. He went on with the

-preparation, and when the squirrels were roasted made his supper of

-them and then lay down by the fire to sleep.</p>

-<p class="par">Late that night his companion was aroused by groaning,

-and on looking around he found the other lying on the ground rolling

-and twisting in agony, and with the lower part of his body already

-changed to the body and tail of a large watersnake. The man was still

-able to speak and call loudly for help, but his companion could do

-nothing, but only sit by and try to comfort him while he watched the

-arms sink into his body and the skin take on a scaly change that

-mounted gradually toward the neck, until at last even the head was a

-serpent&rsquo;s head and the great snake crawled away from the fire and

-down the bank into the river, and was never seen again.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-FIVE.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>The Rattlesnake&rsquo;s Revenge.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">One day in the olden times, when we could still

-talk with other creatures, while some children were playing about the

-house, their mother inside heard them scream. Running outside she found

-that a rattlesnake had crawled from the grass, and taking up a stick

-she killed it. The father was out hunting in the mountains, and that

-evening when coming home after dark thru the gap, he heard <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb169" href="#pb169" name="pb169">169</a>]</span>a

-strange wailing sound. Looking about he found that he had come into the

-midst of a whole company of rattlesnakes, all of which had their mouths

-open and seemed to be crying. He asked them the reason of their

-trouble, and they told him that his own wife had that day killed their

-chief, the Yellow Rattlesnake, and they were just now about to send the

-Black Rattlesnake to take revenge.</p>

-<p class="par">The hunter said he was very sorry, but they told him

-that if he spoke the truth that he must be ready to make satisfaction

-and give his wife as a sacrifice for the life of their chief. Not

-knowing what might happen otherwise, he consented. They then told him

-that the Black Rattlesnake would go home with him and coil up just

-outside the door in the dark. He must go inside, where he would find

-his wife awaiting him, and ask her to get him a fresh drink of water

-from the spring. That was all. He went home and knew that the Black

-Rattlesnake was following. It was night when he arrived and very dark,

-but he found his wife waiting with his supper ready. He sat down and

-asked for a drink of water. She handed him a gourd full from the jar,

-but he said he wanted it fresh from the spring, so she took a bowl and

-went out of the door. The next moment he heard a cry, and going out he

-found that the Black Rattlesnake had bitten her and that she was

-already dying.</p>

-<p class="par">He stayed with her until she was dead, when the Black

-Rattlesnake came out from the grass again and said his tribe was now

-satisfied.</p>

-<p class="par">He then taught the hunter a prayer song, and

-said<span class="corr" id="xd23e6936" title="Source: .">,</span>

-&ldquo;When you meet any of us hereafter sing this song and we will not

-hurt you; but if by accident one of us should bite one of your tribe,

-then sing this song over him and he will recover.&rdquo; And the

-Cherokee have kept this song and sing it until this day. <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb170" href="#pb170" name="pb170">170</a>]</span></p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-SIX.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>The Nest of the Tlanuwas<span class="corr" id=

-"xd23e6947" title="Not in source">.</span></i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">On the north bank of Little Tennessee river, in a

-bend below the mouth of Citico creek, in Blount County, Tennessee, is a

-high cliff hanging over the water, and about half way up the face of

-the rock is a cave with two openings. The rock projects outward above

-the cave, so that the mouth cannot be seen from above, and it seems

-impossible to reach the cave either from above or below.</p>

-<p class="par">There are white streaks in the rock from the cave down

-to the water. The Cherokee call it Tlanuwai (the place of the Great

-Mythic Hawk).</p>

-<p class="par">In the old time, away back soon after the creation, a

-pair of Tlanuwas had their nest in this cave. They were immense birds,

-larger than any that live now, and very strong and savage.</p>

-<p class="par">They were forever flying up and down the river, and used

-to come into the settlements and carry off dogs and even young children

-playing near the houses. No one could reach the nest to kill them, and

-when the people tried to shoot them the arrows only glanced off and

-were seized and carried away in the talons of the Tlanuwas.</p>

-<p class="par">At last the people went to a great medicine man, who

-promised to help them. Some were afraid that if he failed to kill the

-Tlanuwas they would take revenge on the people, but the medicine man

-said he could fix that. He made a long rope of linn bark, just as the

-Cherokee still do, with loops in it for his feet, and had the people

-let him down from the top of the cliff at a time when he knew that the

-old birds were away.</p>

-<p class="par">When he came opposite the mouth of the cave he still

-could not reach it, because the rocks above hung over, <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb171" href="#pb171" name="pb171">171</a>]</span>so

-he swung himself backward and forward several times until the rope

-swung near enough for him to pull himself into the cave with a hooked

-stick that he carried, which he managed to fasten in some bushes

-growing at the entrance.</p>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="figure xd23e6964width" id="p171-1"><img src=

-"images/p171-1.jpg" alt="A Cherokee Indian Ball Team." width="644"

-height="485">

-<p class="figureHead">A Cherokee Indian Ball Team.</p>

-<p class="par first">At Cherokee, N. C.</p>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="figure xd23e6971width" id="p171-2"><img src=

-"images/p171-2.jpg" alt="The Pools, Chimney Rock." width="645" height=

-"481">

-<p class="figureHead">The Pools, Chimney Rock.</p>

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="q">

-<div class="body">

-<div class="lgouter">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Still the stream flows fresh forever,</p>

-<p class="line">Never resting, night or day.&rdquo;</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<p class="par">In the nest he found four young ones, and on the floor

-of the cave were the bones of all sorts of animals and children that

-had been carried there by the hawks. He pulled the young ones out of

-the nest and threw them over the cliff into the deep water below, where

-a great Uktena serpent that lived there finished them.</p>

-<p class="par">Just then he saw the two old ones coming, and had hardly

-time to climb up again to the top of the rock before they reached the

-nest.</p>

-<p class="par">When they found the nest empty they were furious, and

-circled round and round in the air until they saw the snake put its

-head from the water. Then they darted straight downward, and while one

-seized the snake in his talons and flew far up in the sky with it, his

-mate struck at it and bit off piece after piece until nothing was left.

-They were so high up that when the pieces fell they made holes in the

-rocks, which are still to be seen there, at the place which we call,

-&ldquo;Where the Tlanuwa cut it up,&rdquo; opposite the mouth of

-Citico. Then the two hawks circled up and up until they went out of

-sight, and they have never been seen any more. <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb172" href="#pb172" name="pb172">172</a>]</span></p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-SEVEN.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>The Hunter and the Tlanuwa.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">A hunter out in the woods one day saw a Tlanuwa

-overhead and tried to hide from it, but the great bird had already seen

-him, and, sweeping down, struck its claws into his hunting pack, and

-carried him far up into the air. As it flew, the Tlanuwa, which was a

-mother-bird, spoke and told the hunter that he need not be afraid, as

-she would not hurt him, but only wanted him to stay awhile with her

-young ones to guard them until they were old enough to leave the

-nest.</p>

-<p class="par">At last they alighted at the mouth of a cave in the face

-of a steep cliff. Inside, the water was dripping from the roof, and at

-the farther end was a nest of sticks in which were two young birds.</p>

-<p class="par">The old Tlanuwa set the hunter down and then flew away,

-returning soon with a fresh-killed deer, which it tore to pieces,

-giving the first piece to the hunter and then feeding the two young

-hawks.</p>

-<p class="par">The hunter stayed in the cave for many days until the

-young birds were nearly grown, and every day the old mother bird would

-fly away from the nest and return in the evening with a deer or a bear,

-of which she always gave the first piece to the hunter. He grew very

-anxious to see his home again, but the Tlanuwa kept telling him not to

-be uneasy, but to wait a little while longer. At last he made up his

-mind to escape from the cave and finally studied out the plan.</p>

-<p class="par">The next morning, after the great hawk had gone, he

-dragged one of the young birds to the mouth of the cave and tied

-himself to one of its legs with a strap from his hunting pack. Then

-with the flat side of the <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb173" href=

-"#pb173" name="pb173">173</a>]</span>tomahawk he struck it several

-times on the head until it was dazed and helpless, then pushed the bird

-and himself together off the shelf of rock into the air. They fell far,

-far down toward the earth, but the air from below held up the

-bird&rsquo;s wings, so that it was almost as if they were flying. As

-the Tlanuwa revived it tried to fly upward toward the nest, but the

-hunter struck it again with his hatchet until it was dazed and dropped

-again.</p>

-<p class="par">At last they came down in the top of a poplar tree, when

-the hunter cut the strap from the leg of the bird and let it fly away,

-first pulling out a feather from its wing. He climbed down from the

-tree and went home to the settlement, but when he looked in his pack

-for the feather, he found that he only had a stone, for the Great

-Mythic Hawk had power to turn many objects into whatever it

-pleased.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-EIGHT.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>Utlunta, the Spear Finger.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">Long, long ago, there lived in the mountains a

-terrible ogress, a woman monster, whose food was human livers. She

-could take on any shape that she pleased, or that suited her purpose,

-but in her right form she looked very much like an old woman, excepting

-that her whole body was covered with a skin as hard as a rock, that no

-weapon could wound or penetrate, and that on her right hand she had a

-long, stony finger of bone, like an awl or spear-head, with which she

-stabbed everyone to whom she could get near enough. On account of this

-fact she <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb174" href="#pb174" name=

-"pb174">174</a>]</span>was called Utlunta, &ldquo;Spear Finger,&rdquo;

-and on account of her stony skin she was sometimes called Nunyunuwi,

-&ldquo;Stone-dress.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">There was another stone-clothed monster that killed

-people, but that is a different story.</p>

-<p class="par">Spear-finger had such power over stone that she could

-easily lift and carry immense rocks, and could cement them together by

-merely striking one against another. To get over the rough country more

-easily she undertook to build a great bridge through the air from

-Nunyutlugunyi, the &ldquo;Tree Rock,&rdquo; on Hiwassee, over to

-Sanigilagi (Whiteside Mountain, in Jackson County, North Carolina,) on

-the Blue Ridge, and had it well started from the top of &ldquo;Tree

-rock&rdquo; when the lightning struck it and scattered the fragments

-along the whole ridge, where the pieces can still be seen by those who

-go there.</p>

-<p class="par">She used to range all over the mountains about the heads

-of the streams and in the dark passes of Nantahala, always hungry and

-looking for victims. Her favorite haunt on the Tennessee side of the

-Great Smoky Mountains was about the gap on the trail where Chilhowee

-Mountains come down to the river.</p>

-<p class="par">Sometimes the old woman would approach along the trail

-where the children were picking strawberries or playing near the

-village, and would say to them coaxingly, &ldquo;Come, my grand

-children, come to your granny and let granny dress your hair.&rdquo;

-When some little girl ran up and laid her head in the old woman&rsquo;s

-lap to be petted and combed, the old witch would gently run her fingers

-thru the child&rsquo;s hair until it went to sleep, when she would stab

-the little one thru the heart or back of the neck with the long awl

-finger, which she had kept hidden under her robe. Then she would take

-out the <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb175" href="#pb175" name=

-"pb175">175</a>]</span>liver and eat it. She would enter the house by

-taking the appearance of one of the family who happened to have gone

-out for a short time, and would watch her chance to stab some one with

-her long finger and take out his liver. She could stab him without

-being noticed, and often the victim did not even know it himself at the

-time&mdash;for it left no wound and caused no pain&mdash;but went on

-about his own affairs, until all at once he felt weak and began to pine

-away, and was always sure to die, because Spear-finger had taken his

-liver.</p>

-<p class="par">When the Cherokee went out in the fall, according to

-their custom, to burn leaves off from the mountains in order to get the

-chestnuts on the ground, they were never safe, for the old witch was

-always on the lookout, and as soon as she saw the smoke rise she knew

-there were Indians there and she would sneak up and try to surprise one

-alone. So as well as they could they would try to keep together, and

-were very cautious of allowing any stranger to approach the camp. But

-if one went to the spring for a drink, they never knew but it might be

-the liver-eater that came back and sat with them. At last a great

-council was held to devise some means to get rid of the old witch

-before she should destroy everybody. The people came from all around to

-Nikwasi, (mound now near Franklin, N. C.) and after much talking it was

-decided that the best way to secure her demise would be to trap her in

-a pitfall where all the warriors could attack her at once. So they dug

-a deep pitfall across the path and covered it over with earth and grass

-as if the ground had never been disturbed. Then they kindled a large

-fire of brush near the trail and hid themselves in the laurels, because

-they knew that she would come as soon as she saw the smoke.</p>

-<p class="par">Sure enough they soon saw an old woman coming along

-<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb176" href="#pb176" name=

-"pb176">176</a>]</span>the trail. She looked very much like an old

-woman that they knew in the village, and although several of the wiser

-men wanted to shoot at her, the others interfered, because they did not

-want to hurt one of their own people. The old woman came slowly along

-the trail, with one hand under her blanket, until she stepped upon the

-pitfall and tumbled through the brush top into the deep hole below.

-Then, at once, she showed her true nature, and instead of the old

-feeble woman there was the terrible Utlunta with her stony skin, and

-her sharp awl finger reaching out in every direction for some one to

-stab.</p>

-<p class="par">The hunters rushed out from the thicket and surrounded

-the pit, but shoot as true and as often as they could, the arrows

-struck the stony mail of the witch only to be broken and fall useless

-at her feet, while she taunted them and tried to climb out of the pit

-to get at them. They kept out of her way, but were only wasting their

-arrows when a small bird, Utsugi, the titmous, perched on a tree

-overhead and began to sing, &ldquo;un, un, un.&rdquo; They thought it

-was saying unqhu, heart, meaning that they should aim at the heart of

-the stone witch. They directed their arrows where the heart should be,

-but the arrows only glanced off with the flint heads broken.</p>

-<p class="par">Then they caught the Utsugi and cut off its tongue, so

-that ever since its tongue is short and everybody knows that it is a

-liar.</p>

-<p class="par">When the hunters let it go, it flew straight up into the

-sky until it was out of sight, and it never came back any more, and the

-titmouse that we know now is only an image of the other.</p>

-<p class="par">They kept up the fight without result until another

-bird, little Tsikilili, the chickadee, flew down from a <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb177" href="#pb177" name="pb177">177</a>]</span>tree

-and alighted upon the witch&rsquo;s right hand. The warriors took this

-as a sign that they must aim there, and they were right, for her heart

-was on the inside of her hand, which she kept doubled up into a fist,

-this same awl-hand with which she had stabbed so many people. Now she

-was frightened in earnest, and began to rush furiously at them with her

-long awl finger, and to jump about in the pit to dodge the arrows,

-until at last an arrow struck her just where the awl finger joined her

-wrist and she fell down dead. Ever since then the Tsikilili is known as

-a truth-teller, and when a man is away on a journey, if this bird comes

-and perches near the house and chirps its song, his friends know that

-he will soon reach his home in safety, and his friends will greet him

-upon his arrival.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-NINE.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>Nunyunuwi<span class="corr" id="xd23e7055" title=

-"Source: .">,</span> the Stone Man.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">This is what the old men used to tell us when we

-were boys. Once when all the people of the settlement were out in the

-mountains on a great hunt, one man who had gone ahead climbed to the

-top of a high ridge and found a large river on the other side.</p>

-<p class="par">While he was looking across he saw an old man walking

-about on the opposite ridge, with a cane that seemed to be made of some

-bright, shining rock. The hunter watched and saw that every little

-while the old man would point his cane in a certain direction, then

-draw it <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb178" href="#pb178" name=

-"pb178">178</a>]</span>back and smell the end of it. At last he pointed

-it in the direction of the hunter&rsquo;s camp on the other side of the

-mountain, and this time when he drew back the staff he sniffed it

-several times as if it smelled very good, and then started along the

-ridge straight for the camp. He moved very slowly, with the help of the

-cane, until he reached the end of the ridge, when he threw the cane out

-into the air and it became a bridge of shining rock stretching across

-the river.</p>

-<p class="par">After he had crossed over upon the bridge it became a

-cane again and the old man picked it up and started over the mountain

-toward the camp. The hunter was frightened, and felt sure that it meant

-mischief, so he hurried on down the mountain and took the shortest

-trail back to the camp to get there before the old man. When he got

-there and told his story the medicine-man said the old man was a wicked

-cannibal monster called Nunyunuwi, &ldquo;Dressed in Stone,&rdquo; who

-lived in the Nantahala mountains, and was always going about thru the

-forest looking for some hunter that he might kill and eat him.</p>

-<p class="par">It was very hard to escape from him, because his cane

-guided him as a dog, and it was nearly as hard to kill him, for his

-body was entirely covered with a skin of solid rock. If he came he

-would kill and eat them all, and there was only one way to save their

-lives.</p>

-<p class="par">He could not bear to look upon a woman, and if they

-could bring to the path seven married women, that the sight of them

-would kill him, and they would rid themselves of him. So they ran

-swiftly and brought quickly as many women as they could find, and

-placed them <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb179" href="#pb179" name=

-"pb179">179</a>]</span>along the trail, and when the old man came, he

-saw one woman standing near the trail and the very sight of her made

-him sick and he cried out, &ldquo;Yu, my grandchild, I hate the sight

-of woman!&rdquo; He hurried past her and in a moment he saw the second

-woman standing as he had seen the other, and he cried out again,

-&ldquo;Yu! my child; I hate the tribe of women, and he hurried past

-her, and he continued along the trail until he came to the seventh, and

-by this time he had become so much enraged that he fell down almost

-dead. Then the medicine-man drove seven sourwood switches through his

-body and pinned him to the ground, and when night came they piled great

-logs over him and set fire to them, and all the people gathered around

-to see. Nunyunuwi was a great adawehi and knew many secrets, and now as

-the fire came close to him he began to talk, and told them the medicine

-for all kinds of sickness. At midnight he began to sing, and sang the

-hunting songs for calling up the bear and deer and all the animals of

-the woods and mountains.</p>

-<p class="par">As the blaze grew hotter his voice sank lower and lower,

-until at last when the daylight came, the logs were a heap of white

-ashes and the voice was still. Then the medicine-man told them to rake

-off the ashes, and where the body had lain they found only a large lump

-of wadi paint and a magic Ulunsuti stone. He kept the stone for

-himself, and calling the people around him he painted them on the face

-and breast with the red wadi, and whatever each person prayed for while

-the painting was being done, whether for hunting success, for working

-skill, or for long life&mdash;that gift was his. <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb180" href="#pb180" name="pb180">180</a>]</span></p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>The Hunter and Dakwa.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">In the old days there was a great fish called the

-Dakwa, which lived in the Tennessee river where Toco creek comes in at

-Dakwai, the &ldquo;Dakwa place,&rdquo; above the mouth of Tellico, and

-which was so large that it could easily swallow a man. Once a canoe

-filled with warriors was crossing over from the town on the other side

-of the river, when the Dakwa suddenly rose up under the boat and threw

-them all into the air. As they came down it swallowed one with a single

-snap of its jaws and dived with him to the bottom of the river.</p>

-<p class="par">As soon as the hunter came to his senses he found that

-he had not been hurt, but it was so hot and close inside the Dakwa that

-he was nearly smothered. As he groped around in the dark his hand

-struck a lot of mussel shells which the fish had swallowed, and taking

-one of these for a knife he began to cut his way out, until soon the

-fish grew uneasy at the scraping inside his stomach and came up to the

-top of the water for air. He kept on cutting until the fish was in such

-pain that it swam this way and that across the stream and thrashed the

-water into foam with its tail. Finally the hole was so large that he

-could look out, and found that the fish was resting in shallow water

-near the shore. The Dakwa soon became so sick from the wound that it

-vomited the hunter out of its mouth, and he with the others made their

-escape to Tellico, but the juices in the stomach of the fish made the

-hair fall from the head of the hunter so that he was bald ever after

-that. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb181" href="#pb181" name=

-"pb181">181</a>]</span></p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-ONE.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>Atagahi, The Enchanted Lake.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">(This is the scene of the myth upon which the

-story of Occoneechee is founded.)</p>

-<p class="par">Westward from the headwaters of Oconaluftee river, in

-the wildest depths of the Great Smoky Mountains, which form the line

-between North Carolina and Tennessee, is the enchanted lake of Atagahi,

-&ldquo;Gall place.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Although all of the Cherokee know that it is there, no

-one has ever seen it, for the way is so difficult that only the animals

-know how to reach it. Should a stray hunter come near the place he

-would know of it by the whirring sound of the wings of thousands of

-wild ducks and pigeons flying about the lake, but on reaching the spot

-he would find only a dry flat, without bird or animal or blade of

-grass, unless he had first sharpened his spiritual vision by prayer and

-fasting and an all-night vigil.</p>

-<p class="par">Because the lake is not seen, some people think that the

-lake is dried up long ago, but this is not true. To one that had kept

-watch and fasted all the night it would appear at daybreak as a

-wide-extending, but shallow sheet of pure water, fed by springs

-spouting from the high cliffs around. In the water are all kinds of

-fish and reptiles, and swimming upon the surface or flying overhead are

-great flocks of ducks and pigeons, while all about the shore are bear

-tracks crossing in every direction. It is the medicine lake of the

-birds and animals, and whenever a bear is wounded by the hunter he

-makes his way thru the woods to this lake and plunges into the

-<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb182" href="#pb182" name=

-"pb182">182</a>]</span>water, and when he comes out upon the other side

-his wounds are healed, and for this reason the animals keep the lake

-invisible to the hunter.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-TWO.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>The Bride from the South.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">The North went traveling, and after going far and

-meeting many different tribes he finally fell in love with the daughter

-of the South and wanted to marry her. The girl was willing, but her

-parents objected and said, &ldquo;Ever since you came the weather has

-been cold, and if you stay here we will all freeze to death.&rdquo; The

-North pleaded hard, and said if they would let him have their daughter,

-he would take her back to his own country, so at last they

-consented.</p>

-<p class="par">They were married and he took his bride back to his own

-country, and when they arrived there she found the people all living in

-ice houses. The next day, when the sun rose, the houses began to leak,

-and as it climbed higher the houses began to melt, and it grew warmer

-and warmer, until finally the people came to the young husband and told

-him he must send his wife home again, or the weather would get so warm

-that the whole settlement would be melted. He loved his wife and so

-held out as long as he could, but as the sun grew hotter the people

-were more urgent, and at last he had to send her home to her parents,

-but they agreed that she might return once a year for a short season,

-but that she should <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb183" href="#pb183"

-name="pb183">183</a>]</span>never come to live in the North again, for

-as she was reared in the South, that her whole nature was warm and that

-she was unfit to dwell in the North.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-THREE.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>The Ice Man.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">Once when the people were burning the woods in the

-fall, and the blaze set fire to a poplar tree, which continued to burn

-until the fire went down into the roots and burned a great hole in the

-ground. It burned, and burned, and the hole grew constantly larger,

-until the people became frightened and were afraid that it would burn

-the whole world. They tried to put out the fire, but it had gone too

-deep, and they did not know what to do. At last some one said there was

-a man living in a house of ice far in the north who could put out the

-fire, so messengers were sent, and after traveling a long distance they

-came to the ice house and found the Ice Man at home. He was a little

-fellow with long hair hanging down to the ground in two plaits. The

-messengers told him their errand and he at once said, &ldquo;O yes, I

-can help you,&rdquo; and began to unplait his hair.</p>

-<p class="par">When it was once all unbraided he took it up in one hand

-and struck it once across the other hand, and the messengers felt the

-wind blow against their cheeks. A second time he struck his hair across

-his hand, and a light rain began to fall. The third time he struck his

-hair across his open hand there was sleet mixed with <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb184" href="#pb184" name="pb184">184</a>]</span>the

-rain drops, and when he struck the fourth time great hailstones fell

-upon the ground, as if they had come out from the ends of the hair.

-&ldquo;Go back now,&rdquo; said the Ice Man, &ldquo;and I shall be

-there tomorrow.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">So the messengers returned to their people, whom they

-found still gathered helplessly about the great burning pit. The next

-day while they were all gathered about the fire, there came a wind from

-the north, and they were afraid, for they knew that it came from the

-Ice Man. But the wind only made the fire blaze higher. The light rain

-began to fall, but the drops seemed only to make the fire hotter. Then

-the shower turned to a heavy rain, with sleet and hail that killed the

-blaze and made clouds of smoke and steam rise from the red coals. The

-people fled to their homes for shelter, and the storm rose to a

-whirlwind that drove the rain into every burning crevice and piled

-great hailstones over the embers, until the fire was dead and even the

-smoke ceased. When at last it was all over, and the people returned,

-they found a lake where the burning pit had been, and from below the

-water came a sound as of embers still crackling.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-FOUR.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>The Hunter and Selu.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">A hunter had been tramping over the mountains all

-day long without finding any game, and when the sun went down, he built

-a fire in a hollow stump, swallowed a few mouthfuls of corn gruel and

-lay down to sleep, tired out and completely discouraged. <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb185" href="#pb185" name="pb185">185</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">About the middle of the night he dreamed and seemed to

-hear the sound of beautiful singing, which continued until near

-daybreak, and then appeared to die away in the upper air.</p>

-<p class="par">All the next day he hunted, with the same poor success,

-and at night made his lonely camp in the woods. He slept, and the same

-strange dream came again, but so vividly that it seemed to him like an

-actual happening. Rousing himself before daylight, he still heard the

-same song, and feeling sure now that it was real, he went in the

-direction of the sound and found that it came from a single green stalk

-of corn (selu).</p>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="figure xd23e7142width" id="p185-1"><img src=

-"images/p185-1.jpg" alt="French Broad River." width="647" height="486">

-<p class="figureHead">French Broad River.</p>

-<p class="par first">Tahkeyostee, in the Mellow Indian Tongue.</p>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="figure xd23e7149width" id="p185-2"><img src=

-"images/p185-2.jpg" alt="Broad River." width="650" height="485">

-<p class="figureHead">Broad River.</p>

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="q">

-<div class="body">

-<div class="lgouter">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Sparkling, gleaming in the sunlight,</p>

-<p class="line">Bursts the water, pure and free.&rdquo;</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<p class="par">The plant spoke to him, and told him to cut off some of

-its roots and take them to his home in the settlement, and the next

-morning to chew them and &ldquo;go to water&rdquo; before anyone else

-was awake, and then to go out again into the woods, and he would kill

-many deer, and from that time on would always be successful in the

-hunt.</p>

-<p class="par">The corn plant continued to talk, teaching him hunting

-secrets and telling him to be always generous with the game he took,

-until it was noon and the sun was high, when it suddenly took the form

-of a woman and rose gracefully into the air and was gone from sight,

-leaving the hunter alone in the woods. He returned home and told his

-story, and all the people knew that he had seen Selu, the wife of

-Kanati. He did as the spirit had directed, and from that time was noted

-as the most successful of all the hunters in the settlement.

-<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb186" href="#pb186" name=

-"pb186">186</a>]</span></p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-FIVE.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>The Nunnehi and Other Spirit Folks.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">The Nunnehi or Immortals, the &ldquo;People who

-live everywhere,&rdquo; were a race of spirit people who lived in the

-highlands of the old Cherokee country and had a great many town-houses,

-and especially on the tops of the bald mountains, the high peaks where

-no timber grows.</p>

-<p class="par">They had large town-houses on Pilot Knob, and in

-Nik-Wasi mound, in what is now Macon County, North Carolina, and

-another in Blood Mountain, and at the head of Nottely river in Georgia.

-They were invisible excepting when they wanted to be seen, and they

-looked and spoke just like other Indians. They were very fond of music

-and dancing, and hunters in the mountains would often hear the dance

-songs and the drum-beating in some invisible town-house, but when they

-went toward the sound it would shift about and they would hear it

-behind them or away in some other direction, so that they could never

-find the place where the dance was.</p>

-<p class="par">They were a friendly people, too, and often brought lost

-wanderers to their town-houses under the mountains, and cared for them

-there until they were rested, and guided them back to their homes.

-There was a man who lived in Nottely town who had been with the

-Nunnehi, when he was a boy about twelve years old, and this is the

-story he tells.</p>

-<p class="par">One day, when he was playing near the river, shooting at

-a mark with his bow and arrows, until he became tired, and started to

-build a fish-trap in the water<span class="corr" id="xd23e7181" title=

-"Not in source">.</span> While he was piling up the rocks in two long

-walls, a man came and stood on the bank and asked him what he was

-doing. The man said, &ldquo;Well, that is pretty hard <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb187" href="#pb187" name=

-"pb187">187</a>]</span>work, and you ought to come and rest awhile;

-come and take a walk up the river.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">The boy said, &ldquo;No&rdquo;; that he was going home

-to dinner soon. &ldquo;Come right up to my house,&rdquo; said the

-stranger, &ldquo;and I&rsquo;ll give you a good dinner there, and will

-bring you home again in the morning.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">So the boy went with him up the river until they came to

-a house, when they went in, and the man&rsquo;s wife and the other

-people there were very glad to see him, and gave him a fine dinner, and

-were very kind to him.</p>

-<p class="par">While they were eating, another boy that the boy knew

-very well came in and spoke to him, so that he felt very much at

-home.</p>

-<p class="par">After dinner he played with the other children, and

-slept there that night, and in the morning, after breakfast, the man

-got ready to take him home. They went down a path that had a cornfield

-on one side and a peach orchard on the other, until they came to

-another trail, and the man said, &ldquo;Go along this trail across that

-ridge and you will come to the river road that will bring you straight

-to your home, and now I&rsquo;ll go back to the house.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">So the man went back to the house, and the boy went on

-along the trail, but when he had gone a little distance he looked back,

-and there was no cornfield or orchard or fence or house; nothing but

-trees on the mountainside. He thought it rather queer, but somehow he

-was not frightened, and went on until he came to the river trail in

-sight of his house. There were a great many people standing about

-talking, and when they saw him they ran toward him shouting,

-&ldquo;Here he is! He is not drowned or killed in the mountains!&rdquo;

-They told him that they had been hunting him ever since yesterday noon,

-and asked him where he had been. He told them the story of what had

-happened, and they said there is <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb188"

-href="#pb188" name="pb188">188</a>]</span>no house there, and it was

-the Nunnehi that had you with them.</p>

-<p class="par">Once four Nunnehi women came to dance at Nottely town,

-and danced half of the night with the young men there, and nobody knew

-that they were Nunnehi, but thought them visitors from another

-settlement. About midnight they left to go home, and some men who had

-come out from the town-house to cool off watched to see which way they

-went. They saw the women go down the trail to the river ford, but just

-as they came to the water they disappeared, although it was a plain

-trail, with no place where they could hide. Then the watchers knew that

-they were Nunnehi. At another time a man was crossing over from Nottely

-to Hemptown, in Georgia, and heard a drum and the songs of dancers in

-the hills on one side of the trail. He rode to see who could be dancing

-in such a place, but when he reached the spot the drum and the songs

-were behind him, and he was so frightened that he hurried back to the

-trail and rode all the way to Hemptown as hard as he could to tell the

-story. He was a truthful man and they believed him.</p>

-<p class="par">A long time ago a man got lost in the mountains near the

-head of Oconaluftee river, and it was very cold and his friends thought

-that he must be frozen to death, but he was taken to a cave by the

-Nunnehi and given something to eat, and when the weather was more

-pleasant they conducted him to the main trail and sent him on home to

-the neighbors in the valley below. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb189"

-href="#pb189" name="pb189">189</a>]</span></p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-FIVE.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>The Removed Town-house.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">Long ago, before the Cherokee were driven from

-their homes in 1838, the people on Valley river and Hiwassee heard

-voices of invisible spirits calling them from the skies, and warning

-them of wars and misfortunes which the future held in store, and

-inviting them to come and live with the Nunnehi, the Immortals, in

-their homes under the mountains and under the waters. For days the

-voice hung in the air, and the people listened until they heard the

-voice say, &ldquo;If you would live with us, gather every one in your

-town-house and fast there seven days, and no one must raise a shout or

-a warwhoop in all that time. Do this and we will come and you shall see

-us and we shall take you to live with us.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">The people were afraid of the evils that were to come,

-and they knew that the Immortals of the mountains and of the waters

-were happy forever, so they counciled in their town-house and decided

-to go with them. Those of Anisgayayitown came all together into their

-town-house and prayed and fasted for six days. On the seventh day there

-was a sound from the distant mountains, and it came nearer and grew

-louder until a roar of thunder was all about the town-house and they

-felt the ground shake all around them. Now they were frightened, and

-despite the warning some of them screamed out.</p>

-<p class="par">The Nunnehi, who had already lifted up the town-house

-with its mound to carry it away, were startled by the sound and let a

-part of it fall to the ground, where we now see the mound Setsi.</p>

-<p class="par">They steadied themselves again and bore the rest of the

-town-house, with all the people in it, to the top of <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb190" href="#pb190" name=

-"pb190">190</a>]</span>Tsudayelunyi, near the head of Cheowa, where we

-can still see it, changed long ago to solid rock, but the people are

-invisible and immortal.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-SIX.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>The Spirit Defenders of Nikwasi.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">Long ago a powerful unknown tribe invaded the

-country from the southeast, killing people and destroying settlements

-wherever they went. No leader could stand against them, and in a little

-while they had wasted all the lower settlements and advanced into the

-mountains. The warriors of the old town of Nikwasi, on the head of

-Little Tennessee, gathered their wives and their children into the

-town-house and kept scouts constantly on the lookout for the presence

-of danger.</p>

-<p class="par">One morning, just before the break of day, the spies saw

-the enemy approaching and at once gave the alarm. The Nikwasi men

-seized their arms and rushed out to meet the attack, but after a long,

-hard fight they found themselves overpowered and began to retreat, when

-suddenly a stranger stood among them and shouted to the chief to call

-off his men and he himself would drive the enemy back. From the dress

-and the language of the stranger the Nikwasi people thought him a chief

-who had come with reinforcements from Overhill settlements in

-Tennessee. They fell back along the trail, and as they came near the

-town-house they saw a great company of warriors coming out from the

-side of the mound as from an open doorway. <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb191" href="#pb191" name="pb191">191</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Then they knew that their friends were the Nunnehi, the

-Immortals, although no one had ever heard that they lived under Nikwasi

-mound. The Nunnehi poured out by hundreds, armed and painted for the

-fight, and the most curious part of it all was that they became

-invisible as soon as they were fairly outside of the settlement, so

-that although the enemy saw the glancing arrow or the rushing tomahawk,

-and felt the stroke, he could not see who sent it.</p>

-<p class="par">Before such an invisible foe the invaders had to

-retreat, going first south along the ridge to where joins the main

-ridge, which separates Tah-kee-os-tee (French Broad) from the

-Tuckaseigee, and then turning with it to the northeast. As they

-retreated they tried to shield themselves behind rocks and trees, but

-the Nunnehi arrows went around them and killed them from the other

-side, and they could find no hiding place.</p>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="figure xd23e7237width" id="p191-1"><img src=

-"images/p191-1.jpg" alt="From the Toxaway." width="645" height="481">

-<p class="figureHead">From the Toxaway.</p>

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="q">

-<div class="body">

-<div class="lgouter">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Lies the famous vale of flowers,</p>

-<p class="line">Splendid valley of pink beds.&rdquo;</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="figure xd23e7251width" id="p191-2"><img src=

-"images/p191-2.jpg" alt="Chimney Top Gap." width="649" height="489">

-<p class="figureHead">Chimney Top Gap.</p>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<p class="par">All along the ridge they fell, until when they reached

-the head of Tuckaseigee not more than half a dozen were left alive, and

-in their despair they sat down and cried out for mercy. The Nunnehi

-chief told them that they deserved their punishment for attacking a

-peaceful tribe, and he spared their lives and told them to go home and

-tell their people. It was the custom of the Indians to spare some to

-carry the news of battle and defeat. Then the Nunnehi went back to the

-mound, and have been there ever since.</p>

-<p class="par">They are there now, for when a strong army of Federal

-troops came to surprise a handful of Confederates in the last war, they

-saw so many soldiers guarding the town that they were afraid and went

-away without making an attack. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb192"

-href="#pb192" name="pb192">192</a>]</span></p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-SEVEN.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>Kanasta, the Lost Settlement.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">Long ago, while the people still lived in the old

-town of Kanasta, on <span class="corr" id="xd23e7268" title=

-"Source: Toh-kee-os-tee">Tah-kee-os-tee</span>, (French Broad) two

-strangers, who looked in no way different from the other Cherokee, came

-into the settlement one day and made their way into the chief&rsquo;s

-house.</p>

-<p class="par">After the first greetings were over, the chief asked

-them from what town they came, thinking they were from one of the

-western settlements, but they said, &ldquo;We are of your people and

-our town is close at hand, but you have never seen it. Here you have

-wars and sickness, with enemies on every side, and after awhile a

-stronger enemy will come and take your country from you. We are always

-happy, and we have come to invite you to live with us in our town over

-there,&rdquo; and they pointed toward Tsuwatelda (Pilot Knob).

-<span class="corr" id="xd23e7273" title=

-"Not in source">&ldquo;</span>We do not live forever, and do not always

-find game when we go for it, for game belongs to Tsulkalu, who lives in

-Tsunegunyi, but we have peace always and do not think of danger. We go

-now, but if your people will live with us, let them fast seven days and

-we will come then and take them.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Then they went away toward the west. The chief called

-the people together into the town-house, and they held a council over

-the matter and decided at last to go with the strangers. They got all

-of their property ready for moving, and then went again into the

-town-house and began their fast. They fasted six days and on the

-morning of the seventh, before yet the sun was high, they saw a great

-company coming along the trail from the west, led by the two men who

-had stopped <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb193" href="#pb193" name=

-"pb193">193</a>]</span>with the chief. They seemed just like Cherokee

-from another settlement, and after a friendly meeting they took up a

-part of the goods to be carried, and the two parties started back

-together for Tsuwatelda.</p>

-<p class="par">There was one man visiting at Kanasta, and he went along

-with them. When they came to the mountain the two guides led the way

-into a cave, which opened out like a great door in the side of the

-rock. Inside they found an open country and a town, with houses ranged

-in two long rows from east to west. The mountain people lived in the

-houses on the south side, and they had made ready the other houses for

-the newcomers, but even after the people of Kanasta, with their

-children and their belongings, had moved in, there were still a large

-number of houses waiting ready for the next who might come. The

-mountain people told them that there was another town of a different

-people, above them in another mountain, and still farther above, at the

-very top, lived the Ani-Hyuntikwalaski (the Thunders).</p>

-<p class="par">Now all the people of Kanasta were settled in their new

-homes, but the man who had only been visiting with them wanted to go

-back to his own friends. Some of the mountain people wanted to prevent

-this, but the chief said, &ldquo;No, let him go if he will, and when he

-tells his friends they may want to come, too. There is plenty of room

-for all.&rdquo; Then he said to the man, &ldquo;Go back and tell your

-friends that if they want to come and live with us and always be happy,

-there is a place here ready and waiting for them. Others of us live in

-Datsunalasgunyi and in the high mountains all around, and if they would

-rather go to any of them, it will be all the same. We see you wherever

-you go, and are with you in all of your dances, but you cannot see us

-unless you fast. If you want to see us, fast four days, and we will

-come <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb194" href="#pb194" name=

-"pb194">194</a>]</span>and talk with you; and then if you want to live

-with us, fast again seven days, and we will come and take you.&rdquo;

-Then the chief led the man through the cave to the outside of the

-mountain and left him there, but when the man looked back he saw no

-cave, but only the solid rock. The people of the Lost Settlement were

-never seen again and they are still living in Tauwatelda. Strange

-things happen there, so that the Cherokee know that the mountain is

-haunted and do not like to go near it. Only a few years ago a party of

-hunters camped there, and as they sat around their fire at supper time

-they talked of the story and made rough jokes of the people of old

-Kanasta. That night they were aroused from sleep by a noise as of

-stones thrown at them from among the trees, but when they searched they

-could find nobody, and were so frightened that they gathered up their

-guns and pouches and left the place.</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-EIGHT.</h3>

-<h3 class="main"><i>Hemp-Carrier.</i></h3>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">On the southern slope of the ridge, along the

-trail from Robbinsville to Valley river, in Cherokee County, North

-Carolina, are the remains of a number of stone cairns. The piles are

-level now, but fifty years ago the stones were still heaped up in

-pyramids, to which every Cherokee who passed added a stone. According

-to the tradition these piles marked the graves of a number of women and

-children of the tribe who were surprised and killed on the spot by a

-raiding party of Iroquois shortly before <span class="pagenum">[<a id=

-"pb195" href="#pb195" name="pb195">195</a>]</span>the final peace

-between the two nations. As soon as the news was brought to the

-settlement on Hiwassee and Cheowa, a party was made under

-Taletanigiski, &ldquo;Hemp-Carrier,&rdquo; to follow and take vengeance

-on the enemy.</p>

-<p class="par">Among others of the party was the father of the noted

-chief, Tsunulahunski, or Junaluska, who (Junaluska) died in about the

-year 1855, who was also the chief and hero of the battle of Horseshoe

-Bend. For days they followed the trail of the Iroquois across the Great

-Smoky Mountains, thru forests and over rivers, until finally they

-tracked them to their very town in the far Seneca country.</p>

-<p class="par">On the way they met another war party headed for the

-south, and the Cherokee killed them all and took their scalps.</p>

-<p class="par">When they came near the Seneca town it was almost night,

-and they heard shouts in the town-house, where the women were dancing

-over the fresh scalps of the Cherokee. The avengers hid themselves near

-the spring, and as the dancers came down to drink, the Cherokee

-silently killed one and another until they had counted as many scalps

-as had been taken on Cheowa, and still the dancers in the town-house

-never thought that enemies were near. Then said the Cherokee leader,

-&ldquo;We have covered the scalps of our women and children. Shall we

-go home now like cowards, or shall we raise the warwhoop and let the

-Seneca know that we are men?&rdquo; &ldquo;Let them come if they

-will,&rdquo; said the men, and they raised the scalp yell of the

-Cherokees.</p>

-<p class="par">At once there was an answering shout from the

-town-house, and the dance came to a sudden close. The Seneca swarmed

-out with ready gun and hatchet, but the nimble Cherokee were off and

-away. There was a hot pursuit in the darkness, but the Cherokee knew

-the trails <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb196" href="#pb196" name=

-"pb196">196</a>]</span>and were light and active runners, and managed

-to get away with the loss of only one man. The rest got home safely,

-and the people were so well pleased with Hemp-Carrier&rsquo;s bravery

-and success that they gave him seven wives. <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb197" href="#pb197" name="pb197">197</a>]</span></p>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div id="pt4" class="div0 part">

-<h2 class="label">PART IV</h2>

-<h2 class="main">GLOSSARY OF CHEROKEE WORDS</h2>

-<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb199" href="#pb199" name=

-"pb199">199</a>]</span></p>

-<div class="div1 glossary"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=

-"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>

-<div class="divHead">

-<h2 class="main">GLOSSARY OF CHEROKEE WORDS.</h2>

-</div>

-<div class="divBody">

-<p class="par first">The Cherokee language has the continental vowel

-sounds a, e, i, and u, but lacks o, which is replaced by a deep a. The

-obscure or short u is frequently nasalized, but the nasal sound is

-seldom heard at the end of a word. The only labial is m, which occurs

-in probably not more than half a dozen words in the Upper and Middle

-dialects, and is entirely absent from the Lower dialect, in which w

-takes its place. The characteristic l of the Upper and Middle dialects

-becomes r in the Lower, but no dialect has both sounds of these

-letters, but g and d are medials, approximating the sounds of k and t

-respectively. A frequent double consonant is ts, commonly rendered ch

-by the old traders.</p>

-<div class="table">

-<table>

-<tr>

-<td class="cellLeft cellTop">a</td>

-<td class="cellRight cellTop">as in far.</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="cellLeft">&#259;</td>

-<td class="cellRight">as in what, or obscure as in showman.</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="cellLeft">&agrave;</td>

-<td class="cellRight">as in law, all.</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="cellLeft">d</td>

-<td class="cellRight">medial (semisonant), approximating t.</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="cellLeft">e</td>

-<td class="cellRight">as in they.</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="cellLeft">&#277;</td>

-<td class="cellRight">as in net.</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="cellLeft">g</td>

-<td class="cellRight">medial (semisonant), approximating k.</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="cellLeft">h</td>

-<td class="cellRight">as in hat.</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="cellLeft">i</td>

-<td class="cellRight">as in pique.</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="cellLeft">&#301;</td>

-<td class="cellRight">as in pick.</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="cellLeft">k</td>

-<td class="cellRight">as in kick.</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="cellLeft">l</td>

-<td class="cellRight">as in lull.</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="cellLeft">&#699;l</td>

-<td class="cellRight">surd l (sometimes written hl), nearly the Welsh

-ll.</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="cellLeft">m</td>

-<td class="cellRight">as in man.</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="cellLeft">n</td>

-<td class="cellRight">as in not.</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="cellLeft">r</td>

-<td class="cellRight">takes place of 1 in Lower dialect.</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="cellLeft">s</td>

-<td class="cellRight">as in sin.<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb200"

-href="#pb200" name="pb200">200</a>]</span></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="cellLeft">t</td>

-<td class="cellRight">as in top.</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="cellLeft">u</td>

-<td class="cellRight">as in rule.</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="cellLeft"><span class="corr" id="xd23e7418" title=

-"Source: u">&ucirc;</span></td>

-<td class="cellRight">as in cut.</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="cellLeft">&ucirc;&ntilde;</td>

-<td class="cellRight">&ucirc; nasalized.</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="cellLeft">w</td>

-<td class="cellRight">as in wit.</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="cellLeft">y</td>

-<td class="cellRight">as in you.</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="cellLeft cellBottom">&prime;</td>

-<td class="cellRight cellBottom">a slight aspirate, sometimes

-indicating the omission of a vowel.</td>

-</tr>

-</table>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<p class="par">A number of English words, with cross references, have

-been introduced into the glossary.</p>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="figure xd23e7448width" id="p197"><img src="images/p197.jpg"

-alt="Chimney Rock." width="464" height="720">

-<p class="figureHead">Chimney Rock.</p>

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="q">

-<div class="body">

-<div class="lgouter">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Like a monolith it rises</p>

-<p class="line">To a grand majestic height.&rdquo;</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<p class="par">ada&#699;lanun&#699;sti&mdash;a staff or cane.</p>

-<p class="par">adan&#699;ta&mdash;soul.</p>

-<p class="par">ada&#699;wehi&mdash;a magician or supernatural

-being.</p>

-<p class="par">ada&#699;wehi&#699;yu&mdash;a very great magician;

-intensive form of ada&#699;wehi.</p>

-<p class="par">a&#699;gana&mdash;groundhog.</p>

-<p class="par">

-A&#699;gansta&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;groundhog-sausage,&rdquo; from

-a&#699;gana, ground-hog, and tsista&#699;u, &ldquo;I am pounding

-it,&rdquo; understood to refer to pounding meat, etc., in a mortar,

-after having first crisped it before the fire. A war chief, noted in

-the Cherokee war of 1760, and prominent until about the close of the

-Revolution, known to the whites as Oconostota. Also the Cherokee name

-for Colonel Gideon Morgan of the war of 1812, for Washington Morgan,

-his son, of the Civil war, and now for a full-blood upon the

-reservation, known to the whites as Morgan Calhoun.</p>

-<p class="par">A&#699;gan-uni&#699;tsi&mdash;&ldquo;Ground-hog&rsquo;s

-mother,&rdquo; from a&#699;gana and uni&#699;tsi, their mother, plural

-of utsi&#699;, his mother (etsi&#699;, agitsi&#699;, my mother). The

-Cherokee name of the Shawano captive, who, according to tradition,

-killed the great Uktena serpent and procured the Ulunsu&#699;ti.

-<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb201" href="#pb201" name=

-"pb201">201</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Agawe&#699;la&mdash;&ldquo;Old Woman,&rdquo; a

-formulistic name for corn or the spirit corn.</p>

-<p class="par">agayun&#699;li&mdash;for agayunlige, old, ancient.</p>

-<p class="par">agida&#699;ta&mdash;see eda&#699;ta.</p>

-<p class="par">agidutu&mdash;see edu&#699;tu.</p>

-<p class="par">Agi&prime;li&mdash;&ldquo;He is rising,&rdquo; possibly

-a contraction of an old personal name. Agin&#699;-agi&prime;li,

-&ldquo;Rising-fawn.&rdquo; Major George Lawrey, cousin of Sequoya, and

-assistant chief of the Cherokee Nation about 1840. Stanley incorrectly

-makes it &ldquo;Keeth-la, or Dog&rdquo; for gi&prime;li&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">agin&#699;si&mdash;see eni&#699;si.</p>

-<p class="par">agi&#699;si&mdash;female, applied usually to

-quadrupeds.</p>

-<p class="par">Agis&#699;-e&#699;gwa&mdash;&ldquo;Great Female,&rdquo;

-possibly &ldquo;Great Doe.&rdquo; A being, probably an animal god

-invoked in the sacred formulas.</p>

-<p class="par">agitsi&#699;&mdash;see etsi&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Agitsta&prime;ti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where they stayed

-up all night,&rdquo; from tsigitsun&#699;tihu, &ldquo;I stay up all

-night.&rdquo; A place in the Great Smoky range about the head of Noland

-creek, in Swain County, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">Aguaquiri&mdash;see Guaquili.</p>

-<p class="par">Ahalu&#699;na&mdash;&ldquo;Ambush,&rdquo;

-Ahalunun&#699;yi, &ldquo;Ambush place,&rdquo; or Uni&#699;halu&#699;na,

-&ldquo;where they ambushed,&rdquo; from akalu&#699;ga, &ldquo;I am

-watching.&rdquo; Soco gap, at the head of Soco creek, on the line

-between Swain and Haywood counties, N. C. The name is also applied to

-the lookout station for deer hunters.</p>

-<p class="par">ahanu&#699;lahi&mdash;&ldquo;he is bearded,&rdquo; from

-ahanu&#699;lahu, a beard.</p>

-<p class="par">Ahu&#699;lude&#699;gi&mdash;&ldquo;He throws away the

-drum&rdquo; (habitual), from ahu&#699;li, drum, and akwade&#699;gu,

-&ldquo;I am throwing it away&rdquo; (round object). The Cherokee name

-of John Jolly, a noted chief and adopted father of Samuel Houston,

-about 1800. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb202" href="#pb202" name=

-"pb202">202</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">ahyeli&#699;ski&mdash;a mocker or mimic.</p>

-<p class="par">akta&#699;&mdash;eye; plural, dikta&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">akta&#699;ti&mdash;a telescope or field glass. The name

-denotes something with which to examine or look into closely, from

-akta&#699;, eye.</p>

-<p class="par"><span class="corr" id="xd23e7514" title=

-"Source: akwandu&rsquo;li">akwandu&#699;li</span>&mdash;a song form for

-akwidu&#699;li (-hu,) &ldquo;I want it.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Akwan&prime;ki&mdash;see Anakwan&#699;ki.</p>

-<p class="par">Akwe&prime;ti&#699;yi&mdash;a location on Tuckasegee

-river, in Jackson county, North Carolina; the meaning of the name is

-lost.</p>

-<p class="par">Alarka&mdash;see Yalagi.</p>

-<p class="par">aliga&#699;&mdash;the red-horse fish (<i lang=

-"la">Moxostoma</i>).</p>

-<p class="par">Alkini&#699;&mdash;the last woman known to be of Natchez

-decent and peculiarity among the East Cherokee; died about 1890. The

-name has no apparent meaning.</p>

-<p class="par">ama&#699;&mdash;water; in the Lower dialect, awa&#699;;

-cf. a&#699;ma salt.</p>

-<p class="par">amaye&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;dwelling in the water,&rdquo;

-from ama&#699; (ama&#699;yi, &ldquo;in the water&rdquo;) and ehu&#699;,

-&ldquo;I dwell,&rdquo; &ldquo;I live.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Amaye&prime;l-e&#699;gwa&mdash;&ldquo;Great

-island,&rdquo; from amaye&prime;li, island (from ama&#699;, water, and

-aye&prime;li, &ldquo;in the middle&rdquo;) and e&#699;gwa, great. A

-former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river, at Big island, a

-short distance below the mouth of Tellico, in Monroe county, Tenn.

-Timberlake writes it Mialaquo, while Bartram spells it Nilaque. Not to

-be confounded with Long-Island town below Chattanooga.</p>

-<p class="par">

-Amaye&prime;li-gunahi&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;Long-island,&rdquo; from

-amaye&prime;li, island, and gunahi&#699;ta, long. A former Cherokee

-settlement, known to the whites as Long-Island town, at the Long-island

-in Tennessee river, on the Tennessee-Georgia line. It was one of the

-Chickamauga towns (see Tsikama&#699;gi). <span class="pagenum">[<a id=

-"pb203" href="#pb203" name="pb203">203</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">ama&#699;yine&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;dwellers in the

-water,&rdquo; plural of amaye&#699;hi.</p>

-<p class="par">Anada&#699;duntaski&mdash;&ldquo;roasters,&rdquo; i. e.,

-cannibals; from gun&#699;tasku&#699;. &ldquo;I am putting it (round)

-into the fire to roast.&rdquo; The regular word for cannibals is

-Yun&#699;wini&#699;giski, q. v.</p>

-<p class="par">anagahun&#699;unsku&#699;&mdash;the green-corn dance;

-literally, &ldquo;they are having a green-corn dance&rdquo;; the

-popular name is not a translation of the Cherokee word, which has no

-reference either to corn or dancing.</p>

-<p class="par">Anakwan&prime;ki&mdash;the Delaware Indians; singular

-Akwan&prime;ki, a Cherokee attempt at Wapanaqki,

-&ldquo;Easterners,&rdquo; the Algonquian name by which, in various

-corrupted forms, the Delawares are commonly known to the western

-tribes.</p>

-<p class="par">Anantooeah&mdash;see Ani&#699;Nun&#699;dawe&#699;gi.</p>

-<p class="par">a&prime;ne&#699;tsa, or <span class="corr" id=

-"xd23e7552" title=

-"Source: a&prime;netsa&#699;gi">anetsa&#699;gi</span>&mdash;the

-ball-play.</p>

-<p class="par">a&prime;netsa&#699;unski&mdash;a ball-player; literally,

-&ldquo;a lover of the ball-play.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">ani&#699;&mdash;a tribal and animate prefix.</p>

-<p class="par">ani&#699;da&#699;wehi&mdash;plural of ada&#699;wehi.</p>

-<p class="par">a&#699;niganti&#699;ski&mdash;see dagan&prime;tu.</p>

-<p class="par">Ani&#699;Gatage&#699;wi&mdash;one of the seven Cherokee

-clans. The name has now no meaning, but has been absurdly rendered

-&ldquo;Blind savana,&rdquo; from an incorrect idea that it is derived

-from Iga&#699;ti, a swamp or savanna, and dige&#699;wi, blind.</p>

-<p class="par">Ani-Gila&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Long-haired people,&rdquo;

-one of the seven Cherokee clans; singular, Agila&#699;hi. The word

-comes from agila&#699;hi (perhaps connected with afi&prime;lge-ni,

-&ldquo;the back of (his) neck&rdquo;), an archaic term denoting wearing

-the hair long or flowing loosely, and usually recognized as applying

-more particularly to a woman. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb204"

-href="#pb204" name="pb204">204</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Gili&#699;&mdash;a problematic tribe, possibly

-the Congaree. The name is not connected with gi&#699;li&#699;, dog.</p>

-<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Gusa&mdash;see Ani&#699;Ku&#699;sa.</p>

-<p class="par">a&#699;nigwa&mdash;soon after; dine&#699;tlana

-a&#699;nigwa, &ldquo;soon after the creation.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Hyun&#699;tikwala&#699;ski&mdash;&ldquo;The

-Thunders,&rdquo; i. e., thunder, which in Cherokee belief, is

-controlled and caused by a family of supernaturals. The word has

-reference to making a rolling sound; cf. tikwale&#699;lu, a wheel,

-hence a wagon; ama&#699;-tikwalelunyi, &ldquo;rolling water

-place,&rdquo; applied to a cascade where the water falls along the

-surface of the rock; ahyun&#699;tikwala&#699;stihu&#699;, &ldquo;it is

-thundering,&rdquo; applied to the roar of a railroad train or

-waterfall.</p>

-<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Kawi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Deer people,&rdquo;

-one of the seven Cherokee clans; the regular form for deer is

-a&prime;wi&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Kawi&#699;ta&mdash;the Lower Creeks, from

-Kawi&#699;ta or Coweta, their former principal town on Chattahoochee

-river near the present Columbus, Ga.; the Upper Creeks on the head

-streams of Alabama river were distinguished as Ani&#699;-Ku&#699;sa (q.

-v.) A small creek of Little Tennessee river above Franklin, in Macon

-county, N. C., is now known as Coweeta creek.</p>

-<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Kitu&#699;hwagi&mdash;&ldquo;Kitu&#699;hwa

-people,&rdquo; from Kitu&#699;hwa (q. v.), an ancient Cherokee

-settlement.</p>

-<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Ku&#699;sa or Ani&#699;-Gu&#699;sa&mdash;the

-Creek Indians, particularly the Upper Creeks on the waters of Alabama

-river; singular A&#699;Ku&#699;sa or Coosa (Spanish, Coca, Cossa) their

-principal ancient town.</p>

-<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Kuta&#699;ni (also Ani&#699;-Kwata&#699;ni, or

-incorrectly, Nicotani)&mdash;traditional Cherokee priestly society or

-clan exterminated in a popular uprising. <span class="pagenum">[<a id=

-"pb205" href="#pb205" name="pb205">205</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">anina&#699;hilidahi&mdash;&ldquo;creatures that fly

-about,&rdquo; from tsinai&#699;li, &ldquo;I am flying,<span class=

-"corr" id="xd23e7591" title="Source: &rsquo;&rdquo;">&rdquo;</span>

-tsina&#699;ilida&#699;hu, &ldquo;I am flying about.&rdquo; The generic

-term for birds and flying insects.</p>

-<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Na&prime;tsi&mdash;abbreviated Anintsi,

-singular A-Na&prime;tsi. The Natchez Indians. From coincidence with

-na&#699;tsi, pine, the name has been incorrectly rendered &ldquo;Pine

-Indians,&rdquo; whereas it is really a Cherokee plural name of the

-Natchez.</p>

-<p class="par">Anin&#699;tsi&mdash;see Ani&#699;Na&prime;tsi.</p>

-<p class="par">Ani&#699;Nundawe&#699;gi&mdash;singular,

-Nun&#699;dawe&#699;gi; the Iroquois, more particularly the Seneca, from

-Nundawao, the name by which the Seneca call themselves. Adair spells it

-Anantooeah. The tribe was also known as Ani&#699;-Se&#699;nika.</p>

-<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Saha&#699;ni&mdash;one of the seven Cherokee

-clans; possibly an archaic form for &ldquo;Blue people,&rdquo; from

-sa&prime;ka&#699;ni, sa&#699;ka&#699;nige&#699;i, blue.</p>

-<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Sa&#699;ni, Ani&#699;-Sawaha&#699;ni&mdash;see

-Ani&#699;-Sawanu&#699;gi.</p>

-<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Sawanu&#699;gi (singular

-Sawanu&#699;gi)&mdash;the Shawano Indians. Ani&#699;-sa&#699;ni and

-Ani&#699;-Sawaha&#699;ni may be the same.</p>

-<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Se&#699;nika&mdash;see

-Ani&#699;Nundawe&#699;gi.</p>

-<p class="par">Anisga&#699;ya Tsunsdi&#699; (ga)&mdash;&ldquo;The

-Little Men&rdquo;; the Thunder Boys in Cherokee mythology.</p>

-<p class="par">Ani&#699;-sgayaiyi&mdash;&ldquo;Men town&rdquo; (?), a

-traditional Cherokee settlement on Valley river, in Cherokee county,

-North Carolina.</p>

-<p class="par">Ani&#699;sgi&#699;na&mdash;plural of asgi&#699;na, q.

-v.</p>

-<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Skala&#699;li&mdash;the Tuscarora Indian;

-singular, Skala&#699;li or A-Skala&#699;li.</p>

-<p class="par">Ani&#699;skwa&#699;ni&mdash;Spaniards; singular,

-Askwa&#699;ni.</p>

-<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Suwa&#699;li&mdash;or

-Ani&#699;-Swqa&#699;la&mdash;the Suala, Sara or Cheraw Indians,

-formerly about the headwaters <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb206"

-href="#pb206" name="pb206">206</a>]</span>of Broad river, North

-Carolina, the Xuala province of the De Soto chronicle, and Joara or

-Juada of the later Pardo narrative.</p>

-<p class="par">Ani&#699;ta&#699;gwa&mdash;the Catawba Indians;

-singular, Ata&#699;gwa or Tagwa.</p>

-<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Tsa&#699;guhi&mdash;the Cherokee clan,

-transformed to bears according to tradition. Swimmer&rsquo;s daughter

-bears the name Tsaguhi, which is not recognized as distinctively

-belonging to either sex.</p>

-<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Tsa&#699;lagi&#699;&mdash;the Cherokee.</p>

-<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Tsa&prime;ta&mdash;the Choctaw Indians;

-singular, Tsa&prime;ta.</p>

-<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Tsi&#699;ksu&mdash;the Chickasaw Indians;

-singular, Tsi&#699;ksu.</p>

-<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Tsi&#699;skwa&mdash;&ldquo;Bird people&rdquo;;

-one of the seven Cherokee clans.</p>

-<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Tsu&#699;tsa&mdash;&ldquo;The Boys,&rdquo;

-from atsu&#699;tsa, boy; the Pleiades.</p>

-<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Wa&#699;di&mdash;&ldquo;Paint people&rdquo;;

-one of the seven Cherokee clans.</p>

-<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Wa&prime;dihi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Place of the

-Paint people or clan&rdquo;; Paint town, a Cherokee settlement on lower

-Soco creek, within the reservation in Jackson and Swain counties, North

-Carolina. It takes its name from the Ani&#699;-Wa&#699;di or Paint

-clan.</p>

-<p class="par">ani&#699;wani&#699;ski&mdash;the bugle weed, <i lang=

-"la">Lycopus virginicus</i>; literally, &ldquo;the talk&rdquo; or

-&ldquo;talkers,&rdquo; from tsiwa&#699;nihu, &ldquo;I am

-talking,&rdquo; awaniski, &ldquo;he talks habitually.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Wasa&#699;si&mdash;the Osage Indians;

-singular, Wasa&#699;si.</p>

-<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Wa&#699;ya&mdash;&ldquo;Wolf people&rdquo;;

-the most important of the seven clans of the Cherokee.</p>

-<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Yun&#699;wiya&#699;&mdash;Indians,

-particularly Cherokee Indians; literally &ldquo;principal or real

-people,&rdquo; from yunwi, person, ya, a suffix implying principal or

-real, and ani&#699;, the tribal prefix.</p>

-<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Yu&#699;tsi&mdash;the Yuchi or Uchee Indians;

-singular, Yu&#699;tsi. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb207" href=

-"#pb207" name="pb207">207</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Annie Ax&mdash;see Sadayi&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Aquone&mdash;a post-office on Nantahala river, in Mason

-county, North Carolina, site of the former Fort Scott. Probably a

-corruption of egwani, river.</p>

-<p class="par">Arch, John&mdash;see Atsi.</p>

-<p class="par">Asa&#699;gwalihu&#699;&mdash;a pack or burden;

-asa&#699;gwal lu&#699;, or asa&#699;gwi li&#699;, &ldquo;there is a

-pack on him.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">asehi&#699;&mdash;surely.</p>

-<p class="par">Ase&#699;nika&mdash;singular of

-Ani&#699;-Se&#699;nika.</p>

-<p class="par">asga&#699;ya&mdash;man.</p>

-<p class="par">asga&#699;ya Gi&#699;gagei&mdash;the &ldquo;Red

-Man&rdquo;; the Lightning spirit.</p>

-<p class="par">asgi&#699;na&mdash;a ghost, either human or animal; from

-the fact that ghosts are commonly supposed to be malevolent, the name

-is frequently rendered &ldquo;devil.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Asheville&mdash;see Kasdu&#699;yi and

-Unta&#699;kiyasti&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">asi&mdash;the sweat lodge and occasional winter sleeping

-apartment of the Cherokee and other southern tribes. It was a low built

-structure of logs covered with earth and from its closeness and the

-fire usually kept smoldering within was known to the old traders as the

-&ldquo;hot house.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">asiyu&#699; (abbreviated siyu&#699;)&mdash;good; the

-common Cherokee salute; ga&#699;siyu&#699;, &ldquo;I am good&rdquo;;

-hasiyu&#699;, &ldquo;thou art good&rdquo;; a&#699;siyu, &ldquo;he (it)

-is good&rdquo;; astu, &ldquo;very good.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Askwa&#699;ni&mdash;a Spaniard. See

-Ani&#699;skwa&#699;ni.</p>

-<p class="par">astu&#699;&mdash;very good; astu tsiki&#699;, very good,

-best of all.</p>

-<p class="par">Astu&#699;gata&#699;ga&mdash;A Cherokee lieutenant in

-the Confederate service killed in 1862. The name may be rendered,

-&ldquo;Standing in the doorway,&rdquo; but implies that the man himself

-is the door or shutter; it has no first person; gata&#699;ga, &ldquo;he

-is standing&rdquo;; stuti, a door or shutter; stuhu, a closed door or

-passage; stugi&#699;sti, a key, i. e., something with which to open the

-door. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb208" href="#pb208" name=

-"pb208">208</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">asun&#699;tli, asuntlun&#699;yu&mdash;a footlog or

-bridge; literally, &ldquo;log lying across,&rdquo; from asi&#699;ta,

-log.</p>

-<p class="par">ata&#699;&mdash;wood; ata&#699;ya, &ldquo;principal

-wood,&rdquo; i. e., oak; cf. Muscogee iti, wood.</p>

-<p class="par">Ata&#699;-gul kalu&#699;&mdash;a noted Cherokee chief,

-recognized by the British government as the head chief or

-&ldquo;emperor&rdquo; of the Nation, about 1760 and later, and commonly

-known to the whites as the Little Carpenter (Little Cornplanter, by

-mistake, in Haywood). The name is frequently spelled Atta-kulla-kulla,

-Ata-kullakulla or Ata-culculla. It may be rendered &ldquo;Leaning

-wood,&rdquo; from ata&#699;, &ldquo;Wood&rdquo; and gul kalu, a verb

-implying that something long is leaning, without sufficient support,

-against some other object; it has no first person form. Bartram

-describes him as &ldquo;A man of remarkably small stature, slender and

-of a delicate frame, the only instance I saw in the Nation; but he is a

-man of superior abilities.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Ata&#699;gwa&mdash;a Catawba Indian.</p>

-<p class="par">Atahi&#699;ta&mdash;abbreviated from Atahitun&#699;yi,

-&ldquo;Place where they shouted,&rdquo; from gata&#699;hiu&#699;,

-&ldquo;I shout,&rdquo; and yi, locative. Waya gap, on the ridge west of

-Franklin, Macon county, North Carolina. The map name is probably from

-the Cherokee wa ya, wolf.</p>

-<p class="par">Ata-Kullakulla&mdash;see Ata&#699;-gul kalu&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">a&#699;tali&mdash;mountain; in the Lower dialect

-a&#699;tari, whence the &ldquo;Ottare&rdquo; or Upper Cherokee of

-Adair. The form a&#699;tali is used only in composition; and mountain

-in situ is atalunyi or gatu&#699;si.</p>

-<p class="par">a&#699;tali-guli&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;it climbs the

-mountain,&rdquo; i. e., &ldquo;mountain-climber&rdquo;; the ginseng

-plant, <i lang="la">Ginseng quinquefolium</i>; from a&#699;tali,

-mountain, and guli&#699;, &ldquo;it climbs&rdquo; (habitually);

-tsilahi&#699; or tsili&#699;, &ldquo;I am <span class="pagenum">[<a id=

-"pb209" href="#pb209" name="pb209">209</a>]</span>climbing.&rdquo; Also

-called in the sacred formulas, Yun&#699;wi Usdi&#699;, &ldquo;Little

-man.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Atala&#699;nuwa&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Tla&#699;nuwa

-hole&rdquo;; the Cherokee name of Chattanooga, Tennessee (see

-tsatanu&#699;gi); originally applied to a bluff on the south side of

-the Tennessee river, at the foot of the present Market street.</p>

-<p class="par">a&#699;talulu&#699;&mdash;unfinished, premature,

-unsuccessful; whence utalu&#699;li, &ldquo;it is not yet

-time.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Ata&#699;lunti&#699;ski&mdash;a chief of the Arkansas

-Cherokee about 1818, who had originally emigrated from Tennessee. The

-name, commonly spelled Tollunteeskee, Taluntiski, Tallotiskee,

-Tallotuskee, etc., denotes one who throws some living object from a

-place, as an enemy from a precipice.</p>

-<p class="par">A&#699;tari&mdash;see a&#699;tali.</p>

-<p class="par">atasi&#699; (or atasa&#699;, in a dialectic

-form)&mdash;a war-club.</p>

-<p class="par">atatsun&#699;ski&mdash;stinging; literally, &ldquo;he

-stings&rdquo; (habitually).</p>

-<p class="par">A&#699;tsi&mdash;the Cherokee name of John Arch, one of

-the earliest native writers in the Sequoya characters. The word is

-simply an attempt at the English name Arch.</p>

-<p class="par">atsi&#699;la&mdash;fire; in the Lower dialect,

-atsi&#699;ra.</p>

-<p class="par">Atsi&#699;la-wa&#699;i&mdash;&ldquo;Fire&mdash;&rdquo;;

-a mountain sometimes known as Rattlesnake knob, about two miles

-northeast of Cherokee, Swain county, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">

-Atsil&#699;-dihye&#699;gi&mdash;&ldquo;Fire-Carrier&rdquo;; apparently

-the Cherokee name for the will-of-the-wisp. As is usually the case in

-the Cherokee compounds, the verbal form is plural (&ldquo;it carries

-fire&rdquo;); the singular form is ahye&#699;gi.</p>

-<p class="par">Atsil&#699;-sunti (abbreviated

-tsil&#699;-sunti)&mdash;fleabane (<i lang="la">Erigeron canadense</i>);

-the name signifies &ldquo;material with which to make fire,&rdquo; from

-atsi&#699;la, fire, and gasunti, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb210"

-href="#pb210" name="pb210">210</a>]</span>gatsunti or gatlunti<a id=

-"xd23e7738" name="xd23e7738"></a>, material with which to make

-something, from fasun&#699;sku (or gatlun&#699;sku), &ldquo;I make

-it.&rdquo; The plant is also called ihya&#699;ga.</p>

-<p class="par">

-atsil&#699;-tluntu&#699;tsi&mdash;&ldquo;fire-panther.&rdquo; A meteor

-or comet.</p>

-<p class="par">A&#699;tsina&#699;&mdash;cedar.</p>

-<p class="par">A&#699;tsina&#699;-k ta&#699;um&mdash;&ldquo;Hanging

-cedar place&rdquo;; from a&#699;tsina&#699;, cedar, and k ta&#699;un,

-&ldquo;where it (long) hangs down&rdquo;; a Cherokee name for the old

-Taskigi town on the Little Tennessee river in Monroe county, Tenn.</p>

-<p class="par">Atsi&#699;ra&mdash;see atsi&#699;la.</p>

-<p class="par">Atsun&#699;sta ti&#699;yi (abbreviated Atsun&#699;sta

-ti)&mdash;&ldquo;Fire-light place,&rdquo; referring to the

-&ldquo;fire-hunting&rdquo; method of killing deer in the river at

-night. The proper form for Chestatee river, near Dahlonega, in Lumpkin

-county, Ga.</p>

-<p class="par">Attakullakulla&mdash;see Ata-gul kalu&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">awa&#699;&mdash;see ama&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">awa&#699;hili&mdash;eagle; particularly <i lang=

-"la">Aquila Chrysaetus</i>, distinguished as the

-&ldquo;pretty-feathered eagle.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">awi&#699;&mdash;deer; also sometimes written and

-pronounced ahawi&#699;; the name is sometimes applied to the large

-horned beetle, the flying stag of early writers.</p>

-<p class="par">awi&#699;-ahanu&#699;lahi&mdash;goat; literally

-&ldquo;bearded deer.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">awi&#699;-ahyeli&#699;ski&mdash;&ldquo;deer

-mocker&rdquo;; the deer bleat, a sort of whistle used by hunters to

-call the doe by imitating the cry of the fawn.</p>

-<p class="par">awi&#699;-akta&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;deer eye&rdquo;; the

-<i lang="la">Rudbeckia</i> or black-eyed Susan.</p>

-<p class="par">awi&#699;-e&#699;gwa (abbreviated

-aw-e&#699;gwa)&mdash;the elk, literally &ldquo;great deer.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">awi&#699;-unade&#699;na&mdash;sheep; literally

-&ldquo;woolly deer.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Awi&#699;Usdi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Little Deer,&rdquo; the

-mythic chief of the Deer tribe.</p>

-<p class="par">Ax, Annie&mdash;see Sadayi&#699;. <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb211" href="#pb211" name="pb211">211</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Ax, John&mdash;see Itagu&#699;nahi.</p>

-<p class="par">awe li&mdash;half, middle, in the middle.</p>

-<p class="par">Ayphwa&#699;si&mdash;the proper form of the name

-commonly written Hiwassee. It signifies a savanna or meadow and was

-applied to two (or more) former Cherokee settlements. The more

-important, commonly distinguished as Ayuhwa&#699;si Egwa&#699;hi or

-Great Hiwassee, was on the north bank of Hiwassee river at the present

-Savannah ford above Columbus, in Polk county, Tenn. The other was

-farther up the same river, at the junction of Peachtree creek, above

-Murphy, in Cherokee county, N. C. Lanman writes it Owassa.</p>

-<p class="par">Ayrate&mdash;see e&#699;ladi&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Ays&#699;sta&mdash;&ldquo;The Spoiler,&rdquo; from

-tsiya&#699;stihu, &ldquo;I spoil it&rdquo;; cf. uya&#699;i, bad. A

-prominent woman and informant on the East Cherokee reservation.</p>

-<p class="par">Ayun&#699;ini&mdash;&ldquo;Swimmer&rdquo;; literally,

-&ldquo;he is swimming,&rdquo; from gayunini&#699;, &ldquo;I am

-swimming.&rdquo; A principal priest and informant of the East Cherokee,

-died in 1899.</p>

-<p class="par">Ayulsu&#699;&mdash;see Dayulsun&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Beaverdam&mdash;see Uy&prime;gila&#699;gi.</p>

-<p class="par">Big-Cove&mdash;see Ka&#699;lanun&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Big-Island&mdash;see Amaye&prime;l-e&#699;gwa.</p>

-<p class="par">Big-Witch&mdash;see Tskil-e&#699;gwa.</p>

-<p class="par">Bird-Town&mdash;see Tsiskwa&#699;hi.</p>

-<p class="par">Bloody-Fellow&mdash;see Iskagua.</p>

-<p class="par">Blythe&mdash;see Diskwani.</p>

-<p class="par">Black-fox&mdash;see Ina&#699;li.</p>

-<p class="par">Boudinot, Elias&mdash;see Galagi&#699;na.</p>

-<p class="par">Bowl, The; Bowles, Colonel&mdash;see Diwali.</p>

-<p class="par">Brass&mdash;see Untsaiyi&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Brasstown&mdash;see Itse&#699;yi. <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb212" href="#pb212" name="pb212">212</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Breadth, The&mdash;see Unli&#699;ta.</p>

-<p class="par">Briertown&mdash;see Kanu&#699;gula&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Buffalo (creek)&mdash;see Yunsa&#699;i.</p>

-<p class="par">Bull-Head&mdash;see Sukwale&#699;na.</p>

-<p class="par">Butler, John&mdash;see Tsan&#699;-uga&#699;sita.</p>

-<p class="par">Cade&rsquo;s Cove&mdash;see Tsiya&#699;hi.</p>

-<p class="par">Canacaught&mdash;&ldquo;Canacaught, the great

-Conjurer,&rdquo; mentioned as a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; possibly

-kanegwa&#699;ti, the water-moccasin snake.</p>

-<p class="par">Canaly&mdash;see hi&#699;gina&#699;lii.</p>

-<p class="par">Canasagua&mdash;see Gansa&#699;gi.</p>

-<p class="par">Cannastion, Cannostee&mdash;see Kana&#699;sta.</p>

-<p class="par">Canuga&mdash;see Kanu&#699;ga.</p>

-<p class="par">Cartoogaja&mdash;see Gatu&#699;gitse&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Cataluchee&mdash;see Gadalu&#699;tsi.</p>

-<p class="par">Cauchi&mdash;a place, apparently in the Cherokee county,

-visited by Pardo in 1567.</p>

-<p class="par">Caunasaita&mdash;given as the name of a Lower Chief in

-1684; possibly for Kanunsi&#699;ta, &ldquo;dogwood.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Chalaque&mdash;see Tsa&#699;lagi.</p>

-<p class="par">Chattanooga&mdash;see Tsatanu&#699;gi.</p>

-<p class="par">Chattooga, Chatuga&mdash;see Tsatu&#699;gi.</p>

-<p class="par">Cheeowhee&mdash;see Tsiya&#699;hi.</p>

-<p class="par">Cheerake&mdash;see Tsa&#699;lagi.</p>

-<p class="par">Cheraw&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Suwa&#699;li.</p>

-<p class="par">Cheowa&mdash;see Tsiya&#699;hi.</p>

-<p class="par">Cheowa Maximum&mdash;see Schwate&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Cheraqui&mdash;see Tsa&#699;lagi.</p>

-<p class="par">Cherokee&mdash;see Tsa&#699;lagi.</p>

-<p class="par">Chestatee&mdash;see Atsun&#699;sta ti&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Chestua&mdash;see Tsistu&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Cheucunsene&mdash;see Tsi&#699;kama&#699;gi.</p>

-<p class="par">Chilhowee&mdash;see Tsu lun&#699;we. <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb213" href="#pb213" name="pb213">213</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Chimney Tops&mdash;see Duni&#699;skwa lgun&#699;i.</p>

-<p class="par">Chisca&mdash;mentioned in the De Soto narratives as a

-mining region in the Cherokee country. The name may have a connection

-with Tsi&#699;skwa, &ldquo;bird,&rdquo; possibly Tsiskwa&#699;hi,

-&ldquo;Bird place.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Choastea&mdash;see Tsistu&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Chopped Oak&mdash;see Digalu&#699;yatun&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Choquata&mdash;see Itsa&#699;ti.</p>

-<p class="par">Citico&mdash;see Si&#699;tiku&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Clear-sky&mdash;see Iskagua.</p>

-<p class="par">Clennuse&mdash;see Tlanusi&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Cleveland&mdash;see Tsistetsi&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Coca&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Ku&#699;sa.</p>

-<p class="par">Coco&mdash;see Kuku&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Cohutta&mdash;see Gahu&#699;ti.</p>

-<p class="par">Colanneh, Colona&mdash;see Ka&#699;lanu.</p>

-<p class="par">Conasauga&mdash;see Gansa&#699;gi.</p>

-<p class="par">Conneross&mdash;see Kawan&#699;-ura&#699;sunyi.</p>

-<p class="par">Coosawatee&mdash;see Ku&#699;saweti&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Cooweescoowee&mdash;see Gu&#699;wisguwi&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Coosa&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Ku&#699;sa, Kusa.</p>

-<p class="par">Corani&mdash;see Ka&#699;lanu.</p>

-<p class="par">Cowee&#699;&mdash;see Kawi&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Coweeta, Coweta&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Kawi&#699;ta.</p>

-<p class="par">Coyatee (variously spelled Cawatie, Coiatee, Coytee,

-Coytoy, Kai-a-tee)&mdash;a former Cherokee settlement on Little

-Tennessee river, some ten miles below the junction of Tellico, about

-the present Coytee post-office in Loudon county, Tennessee.</p>

-<p class="par">Creek-path&mdash;see Ku&#699;sa-nunna&#699;hi.</p>

-<p class="par">Crow-town&mdash;see Kagun&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Cuhtahlatah&mdash;a Cherokee woman noted in the

-Wahnenauhi manuscript as having distinguished herself by bravery in

-battle. The proper form may <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb214" href=

-"#pb214" name="pb214">214</a>]</span>have some connection with

-gatun&#699;lati, &ldquo;wild hemp.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Cullasagee&mdash;see Kulse&#699;tsi&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Cullowhee, Currahee&mdash;see Gulahi&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Cuttawa&mdash;see Kitu&#699;hwa.</p>

-<p class="par">Dagan tu&mdash;&ldquo;he makes it rain&rdquo;; from

-aga&#699;ska, &ldquo;it is raining,&rdquo; aga&#699;na, &ldquo;it has

-begun to rain&rdquo;; a small variety of lizard whose cry is said to

-presage rain. It is also called a&#699;niganti&#699;ski, &ldquo;they

-make it rain&rdquo; (plural form), or rain-maker.</p>

-<p class="par">dagul ku&mdash;the American white-fronted goose. The

-name may be an onomatope.</p>

-<p class="par">dagu&#699;na&mdash;the fresh-water mussel; also a

-variety of face pimples.</p>

-<p class="par">Dagun&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Mussel place,&rdquo; from

-dagu&#699;na, mussel, and hi, locative. The Mussel shoals on Tennessee

-river, in northwestern Alabama. It was sometimes called also simply Tsu

-stanalun&#699;yi, &ldquo;Shoal&rsquo;s place.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Dagu&#699;nawa&#699;lahi&mdash;&ldquo;Mussel-liver

-place,&rdquo; from dagu&#699;na, mussel, uwe&#699;la, liver, and hi,

-locative; the Cherokee name for the site of Nashville, Tenn. No reason

-can now be given for the name.</p>

-<p class="par">Dahlonega&mdash;A town in Lumpkin county, Ga., near

-which the first gold was mined. A mint was established there in 1838.

-The name is from the Cherokee dala&#699;nige&#699;i, yellow, whence

-ate&#699;la-dala&#699;-nige&#699;i, &ldquo;yellow money,&rdquo; i. e.,

-gold.</p>

-<p class="par">daksawa&#699;ihu&mdash;&ldquo;he is shedding

-tears.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">dakwa&#699;&mdash;a mythic great fish; also the

-whale.</p>

-<p class="par">Dakwa&#699;i&mdash;&ldquo;dakwa place,&rdquo; from a

-tradition of a dakwa&#699; in the river at that point. A former

-Cherokee settlement, known to the traders as Toqua or Toco, on Little

-Tennessee river, about the mouth <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb215"

-href="#pb215" name="pb215">215</a>]</span>of Toco creek in Monroe

-county, Tenn. A similar name and tradition attaches to a spot on the

-French Broad river, about six miles above the Warm springs, in Buncombe

-county, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">dakwa&#699;nitlastesti&mdash;&ldquo;I shall have them on

-my legs for garters&rdquo;; from anitla&#699;sti (plural

-dinitla&#699;sti), garter; d-, initial plural; akwa, first person

-particle; and esti, future suffix.</p>

-<p class="par">da&#699;liksta&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;vomiter,&rdquo; from

-dagik&#699;stihu&#699;, &ldquo;I am vomiting,&rdquo; daliksta&#699;,

-&ldquo;he vomits&rdquo; (habitually); the form is plural. The spreading

-adder (<i lang="la">Heterodon</i>), also sometimes called

-kwandaya&#699;hu, a word of uncertain etymology.</p>

-<p class="par"><span class="corr" id="xd23e7973" title=

-"Source: Da">Da&#699;</span> nagasta&mdash;for Da&#699;

-nawa-gasta&#699;ya, &ldquo;Sharp-war,&rdquo; i. e.,

-&ldquo;Eager-warrior;<span class="corr" id="xd23e7976" title=

-"Not in source">&rdquo;</span> a Cherokee woman&rsquo;s name.</p>

-<p class="par">Da&#699; nawa-(a)sa tsun&#699;yi,

-&ldquo;War-ford,&rdquo; from da&#699; nawa, war, and asa tsun&#699;yi,

-&ldquo;a crossing-place or ford.<span class="corr" id="xd23e7981"

-title="Not in source">&rdquo;</span> A ford on Cheowa river about three

-miles below Robbinsville, in Graham county, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">Danda&#699;ganu&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Two looking at each

-other,&rdquo; from detsi&#699;ganu&#699;, &ldquo;I am looking at

-him.&rdquo; A former Cherokee settlement, commonly known as Lookout

-Mountain town, on Lookout Mountain creek, near the present Trenton,

-Dade county, Ga. One of the Chickamauga towns (see

-Tsi&#699;kama&#699;gi), so-called on account of the appearance of the

-mountains facing each other across the Tennessee river at

-Chattanooga.</p>

-<p class="par">Da&#699;si giya&#699;gi&mdash;an old masculine personal

-name, of doubtful etymology, but commonly rendered by the traders

-&ldquo;Shoe-boots,&rdquo; possibly referring to some peculiar style of

-moccasin or leggin. A chief known to the whites as Shoe-boots is

-mentioned in the Revolutionary records. Chief Lloyd Welch<span class=

-"corr" id="xd23e7988" title="Source: .">,</span> <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb216" href="#pb216" name="pb216">216</a>]</span>of

-the eastern band, was known in the tribe as Da&#699;si giya&#699;gi,

-and the same name is now used by the East Cherokee as the equivalent of

-the name Lloyd.</p>

-<p class="par">Da&#699;skwitun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Rafter&rsquo;s

-Place,&rdquo; from daskwitun&#699;i, rafters, and yi, locative. A

-former settlement on Tusquittee creek, near Hayesville, in Clay county,

-North Carolina.</p>

-<p class="par">dasun&#699;tali&mdash;ant; dasun&#699;tali,

-&ldquo;stinging ant,&rdquo; the large red cowant (<i lang=

-"la">Myrmica?</i>), also called sometimes, on account of its hard

-body-case, nun&#699;yunu&#699;wi, &ldquo;stone-clad,&rdquo; after the

-fabulous monster.</p>

-<p class="par">Datle&#699;yasta&#699;i&mdash;&ldquo;where they fell

-down,&rdquo; a point on Tuckasegee river, a short distance above

-Webster, in Jackson county, North Carolina.</p>

-<p class="par">datsi&mdash;a traditional water-monster.</p>

-<p class="par">Datsi&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Datsi place&rdquo;; a place

-on Little Tennessee river, near junction of Eagle creek, in Swain

-county, North Carolina.</p>

-<p class="par">Datsu&#699;nalagun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where there are

-tracks or footprints,&rdquo; from uta&#699;sinun&#699;yi or

-ulasgun&#699;yi, footprint. Track Rock gap, near Blairsville, Georgia.

-Also sometimes called De&#699;gayelun&#699;ha, &ldquo;place of branded

-marks.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">da&#699;yi&mdash;beaver.</p>

-<p class="par">Dayulsun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;place where they

-cried,&rdquo; a spot on the ridge at the head of Tuckasegee river, in

-Jackson county, North Carolina; so-called from an old tradition.</p>

-<p class="par">da&#699;yuni&#699;si&mdash;&ldquo;beaver&rsquo;s

-grandchild,&rdquo; from dayi, beaver, and uni&#699;si, son&rsquo;s

-child of either sex. The water beetle or mellow bug.</p>

-<p class="par">Degal gun&#699;yi&mdash;a cairn, literally &ldquo;where

-they are piled up&rdquo;; a series of cairns on the south side of

-Cheowa river, in Graham county, N. C. <span class="pagenum">[<a id=

-"pb217" href="#pb217" name="pb217">217</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">De&#699;gata&#699;ga&mdash;The Cherokee name of General

-Stamd Watie and of a prominent early western chief known to the whites

-as Takatoka. The word is derived from tsita&#699;ga, &ldquo;I am

-standing,&rdquo; da nita&#699;ga &ldquo;they are standing

-together,&rdquo; and conveys the subtle meaning of two persons standing

-together and so closely united in sympathy as to form but one human

-body.</p>

-<p class="par">De&#699;gayelun&#699;ha&mdash;see

-Datsu&#699;nalagun&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">detsanun&#699;li&mdash;an enclosure or piece of level

-ground cleared for ceremonial purposes; applied more particularly to

-the green-corn dance ground. The word has a plural form, but cannot be

-certainly analyzed.</p>

-<p class="par">De&#699;tsata&mdash;a Cherokee sprite.</p>

-<p class="par">detsinu&#699;lahungu&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;I tried, but

-failed.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Didalaski&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Showering place.&rdquo;

-In the story (number 17) the name is understood to mean &ldquo;the

-place where it rains fire.&rdquo; It signifies literally, however, the

-place where it showers, or comes down, and lodges upon something

-animate and has no definite reference to fire (atsi&#699;la) or rain

-(afaska, &ldquo;it is raining&rdquo;); degalasku&#699;, &ldquo;they are

-showering down and lodging upon him.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Dida&#699;skasti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where they were

-afraid of each other,&rdquo; a spot on Little Tennessee river, near the

-mouth of Alarka creek, in Swain county, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">diga&#699;gwani&#699;&mdash;the mud-hen or didapper. The

-name is plural form and implies &ldquo;lame,&rdquo; or &ldquo;crippled

-in the legs&rdquo; (cf. detsi&#699;nigwa&#699;na, &ldquo;I am

-kneeling&rdquo;)<span class="corr" id="xd23e8035" title=

-"Source: .">,</span> probably from the bouncing motion of the bird when

-in the water. It is also the name of a dance.</p>

-<p class="par">Diga&#699;kati&#699;yi&mdash;see Gakati&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">di&#699;galungun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where it rises, or

-comes up&rdquo;; the east. The sacred term is Nunda&#699;yi, q. v.

-<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb218" href="#pb218" name=

-"pb218">218</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">digalun&#699;latiyun&mdash;a height, one of a series,

-from galun&#699;lati, &ldquo;above.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Digalu&#699;yatun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where it is

-gashed (with hatchets)&rdquo;; from tsilu&#699;yu, &ldquo;I am cutting

-(with a chopping stroke),&rdquo; di, plural prefix, and yi, locative.

-The Chopped Oak, formerly east of Clarkesville, Ga.</p>

-<p class="par">Digane&#699;ski&mdash;&ldquo;he picks them up&rdquo;

-(habitually), from tsine&#699;u, &ldquo;I am picking it up.&rdquo; A

-Cherokee Union soldier in the Civil War.</p>

-<p class="par">digi&#699;gage&#699;i&mdash;the plural of

-gi&#699;gage&#699;i, red.</p>

-<p class="par">digu&#699;lanahi&#699;ta&mdash;for

-digu&#699;li-anahi&#699;ta, &ldquo;having long ears,&rdquo;

-&ldquo;long-eared&rdquo;; from gule, &ldquo;ear&rdquo; and

-gunahi&#699;ta, &ldquo;long.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Dihyun&#699;dula&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;sheaths,&rdquo; or

-&ldquo;scabbards&rdquo;; singular ahyun&#699;dula&#699;, &ldquo;a

-gun-sheath,&rdquo; or other scabbard. The probable correct form of a

-name which appears in Revolutionary documents as &ldquo;Untoola, or Gum

-Rod.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Dikta&#699;&mdash;plural of Akta&#699;, eye.</p>

-<p class="par">dila&#699;&mdash;skunk.</p>

-<p class="par">dilsta&#699;yati&mdash;&ldquo;scissors&rdquo;; the

-water-spider (<i lang="la">Dolomedes</i>).</p>

-<p class="par">dinda&#699;skwate&#699;ski&mdash;the violet; the name

-signifies, &ldquo;they pull each others' heads off.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">dine&#699;tlana&mdash;the creation.</p>

-<p class="par">di nuski&mdash;&ldquo;the breeder&rdquo;; a variety of

-smilax brier.</p>

-<p class="par">Disga&#699;gisti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where they

-gnaw&rdquo;; a place on Cheowa river, in Graham county, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">diskwa ni&mdash;&ldquo;chestnut bread,&rdquo; i. e., a

-variety of bread having chestnuts mixed with it. The Cherokee name of

-James Blythe, interpreter and agency clerk.</p>

-<p class="par">Distai&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;they are strong,&rdquo;

-plural of astai&#699;yi, &ldquo;strong or tough.&rdquo; The Tephrosia

-or devil&rsquo;s shoestring.</p>

-<p class="par">dista&#699;sti&mdash;a mill (generic). <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb219" href="#pb219" name="pb219">219</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">dita&#699;stayeski&mdash;&ldquo;a barber,&rdquo;

-literally &ldquo;one who cuts things (as with scissors), from

-tsista&#699;yu, &ldquo;I cut.&rdquo; The cricket (tala&#699;tu) is

-sometimes so-called.</p>

-<p class="par">Diwa&#699;li&mdash;&ldquo;Bowl,&rdquo; a prominent chief

-of the western Cherokee, known to the whites as The Bowl, or Colonel

-Bowles, killed by the Texans in 1839. The chief mentioned may have been

-another of the same name.</p>

-<p class="par">diya&#699;hali (or duya&#699;hali)&mdash;the alligator

-lizard (<i lang="la">Sceloporue undulatus</i>).</p>

-<p class="par">Diya&#699;hali&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Lizard&rsquo;s

-place,&rdquo; from diya&#699;hali, lizard, and yi, locative. Joanna

-Bald, a mountain at the head of Valley river on the line between

-Cherokee and Graham counties, North Carolina.</p>

-<p class="par">Double-Head&mdash;see Tal-tsu&#699;ska&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Dragging-Canoe&mdash;see Tsi&#699;yu-gunsi&#699;ni.</p>

-<p class="par">Dudun&#699;leksun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where its legs

-were broken off&rdquo;; a place on Tuckasegee river, a few miles above

-Webster, in Jackson county, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">Dugilu&#699;yi (abbreviated Dugilu&#699;, and commonly

-written Tugaloo, or sometimes Toogelah or Toogoola)&mdash;a name

-occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country, the best known

-being Tugaloo river, so-called from a former Cherokee settlement of

-that name situated at the junction of Toccoa creek with the main

-stream, in Habersham county, Ga. The word is of uncertain etymology;

-but seems to refer to a place at the forks of a stream.</p>

-<p class="par">Dukas&#699;i, Dukwas&#699;i&mdash;The correct form of

-the name commonly written Toxaway, applied to a former Cherokee

-settlement in S. C., and the creek upon which it stood, and extreme

-headstream of Keowee river having its source in Jackson county, N. C.

-The meaning of the name is lost, although it has <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb220" href="#pb220" name="pb220">220</a>]</span>been

-wrongly interpreted to mean &ldquo;place of shedding tears.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Dulastun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Potsherd place.&rdquo; A

-former Cherokee settlement on Nottely river in Cherokee county, North

-Carolina.</p>

-<p class="par">dule&#699;tsi&mdash;&ldquo;kernels,&rdquo; a goitrous

-swelling upon the throat.</p>

-<p class="par">dulu&#699;si&mdash;a variety of frog found upon the

-headwaters of Savannah river.</p>

-<p class="par">Duniya ta lun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where there are

-shelves, or flat places,&rdquo; from aya te&#699;ni, flat, whence

-da&#699;ya tana lun&#699;i, a shelf, and yi, locative. A gap on the

-Great Smoky range, near Clingman&rsquo;s dome, Swain county, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">Dunidu&#699;lalun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where they made

-arrows&rdquo;; a place on Straight creek, a headstream of Oconaluftee

-river, in Swain county, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">Duni&#699;skwa lgun&#699;i&mdash;the double peak known

-as the Chimney Tops, in Great Smoky Mountains about the head of Deep

-creek, in Swain county, N. C. On the north side is the pass known as

-Indian gap. The name signifies a &ldquo;forked antler,&rdquo; from

-uskwa lgu, antler, but indicates that the antler is attached in place,

-as though the deer itself were concealed below.</p>

-<p class="par">Du&#699;stayalun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where it made a

-noise as of thunder or shooting,&rdquo; apparently referring to a

-lightning <span class="corr" id="xd23e8119" title=

-"Source: stroke">strike</span> (detsistaya&#699;hihu<a id="xd23e8122"

-name="xd23e8122"></a>, &ldquo;I make a shooting or thundering

-noise,&rdquo; might be a first person form used by the <span class=

-"corr" id="xd23e8124" title="Source: personfied">personified</span>

-Thundergod); a spot on Hiwassee river, about the junction of Shooting

-creek, near Hayesville, in Clay county, N. C. A former settlement along

-the creek bore the same name. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb221"

-href="#pb221" name="pb221">221</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">du&#699;stu&#699;&mdash;a species of frog, appearing

-very early in spring; the name is intended for an onomatope. It is the

-correct form of the name of the chief noted by McKenney and Hall as

-&ldquo;Tooantuh or Spring Frog.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Dutch&mdash;see Tatsi&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">duwe ga&mdash;a spring lizard.</p>

-<p class="par">Eagle Dance&mdash;see Tsugidu&#699;li

-ulsgi&#699;sti.</p>

-<p class="par">Eastinaulee&mdash;see U&#699;stana&#699;li.</p>

-<p class="par">Echota, New&mdash;see Gansa&#699;gi.</p>

-<p class="par">edata&mdash;my father (Upper dialect); the Middle and

-Lower dialect form is agida&#699;ta.</p>

-<p class="par">Edi&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;He goes about&rdquo;

-(habitually); a masculine name.</p>

-<p class="par">edutu&mdash;my maternal grandfather (Upper dialect); the

-Middle and Lower dialect form is agidu tu; cf. enisi.</p>

-<p class="par">egwa&mdash;great; cf. utanu.</p>

-<p class="par">egwani&mdash;river.</p>

-<p class="par">Egwanulti&mdash;&ldquo;By the river,&rdquo; from egwa

-ni, river, and nulati or nulti, near, beside. The proper form of

-Oconaluftee, the name of the river flowing thru the East Cherokee

-reservation in Swain and Jackson Counties, N. C. The town, Oconaluftee,

-mentioned by Bartram as existing about 1775, was probably on the lower

-course of the river at the present Birdtown, on the reservation, where

-was formerly a considerable mound.</p>

-<p class="par">ela&mdash;earth, ground.</p>

-<p class="par">eladi&mdash;low, below; in the Lower dialect eradi,

-whence the Ayrata or Lower Cherokee of Adair, as distinguished from the

-Ottara (atari, atali) or Upper Cherokee.</p>

-<p class="par">elanti&mdash;a song form for eladi, q. v. <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb222" href="#pb222" name="pb222">222</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Elatse&#699;yi, (abbreviated Elatse)&mdash;&ldquo;Green

-(verdant) earth,&rdquo; from ela, earth, and itse yi, green, from

-fresh-springing vegetation. The name of several former Cherokee

-settlements, commonly known to the whites as Ellijay, Elejoy or

-Allagae. One of these was upon the headwaters of Keowee river in S. C.;

-another was on Ellijay creek of Little Tennessee river, near the

-present Franklin, in Macon Co., N. C.; another was about the present

-Ellijay in Gilmer Co., Ga.; and still another was on Ellijay creek of

-Little river, near the present Maryville, in Blount Co., Tenn.</p>

-<p class="par">Elawa diyi (abbreviated Elawa di)&mdash;&ldquo;Red-earth

-place,&rdquo; from ela, earth, wadi, brown-red or red paint, and yi,

-the locative. 1. The Cherokee name of <span class="corr" id="xd23e8164"

-title="Source: Yellow-hill">Yellow-Hill</span> settlement, now

-officially known as Cherokee, the post office and agency headquarters

-for the East Cherokee, on Oconaluftee river, in Swain Co., N. C. 2. A

-former council ground known in history as Red Clay; at the site of the

-present village of that name in Whitfield Co., Ga., adjoining the

-Tennessee line.</p>

-<p class="par">Ellijay&mdash;see Elatse&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">eni si&mdash;my paternal grandfather (Upper dialect);

-the Middle and Lower dialect form is agani si, cf. edutu.</p>

-<p class="par">Eskaqua&mdash;see Iskagua.</p>

-<p class="par">Estanaula, Estinaula&mdash;see U&#699;stana&#699;li.</p>

-<p class="par">Etawa ha

-tsistatla&#699;ski&mdash;&ldquo;Deadwood-lighter,&rdquo; a traditional

-Cherokee conjurer.</p>

-<p class="par">eti&mdash;old, long ago.</p>

-<p class="par">Etowah&mdash;see I&#699;tawa&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Etsaiyi&mdash;see Untsaiyi.</p>

-<p class="par">etsi&mdash;my mother (Upper dialect); the Middle and

-Lower dialect form is agitsi. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb223"

-href="#pb223" name="pb223">223</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Euharlee&mdash;see Yuha&#699;li.</p>

-<p class="par">Feather dance&mdash;see Tsugidu&#699;li

-ulsgi&#699;sti.</p>

-<p class="par">Fightingtown&mdash;see Walas&#699;-unulsti yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Flax-toter&mdash;see Tale&#699;danigi&#699;ski.</p>

-<p class="par">Flying-squirrel&mdash;see Ka&#699;lahu&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Frogtown&mdash;see Walasi&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Gadalu&#699;la&mdash;the proper name of the mountain

-known to the whites as Yonah (from yanu, bear); or upper Chattahoochee

-river, in White Co., Ga. The name has no connection with Tallulah (see

-Talulu) and cannot be translated.</p>

-<p class="par">Gadalu&#699;tsi&mdash;in the corrupted form of

-Cataluchee this appears on the map as the name of a peak, or rather a

-ridge, on the line between Swain and Haywood counties, N. C., and of a

-creek running down on the Haywood side into Big Pigeon river. It is

-properly the name of the ridge only, and seems to refer to a

-&ldquo;fringe standing erect,&rdquo; apparently from the appearance of

-the timber growing in streaks along the side of the mountain; from

-wadalu&#699;yata, fringe, gadu&#699;ta, &ldquo;standing up in a row or

-series.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">gahawi&#699;siti&mdash;parched corn.</p>

-<p class="par">Gahuti (Gahu&#699;ta and Gwahu&#699;ti in dialect

-forms)&mdash;Cohutta mountains in Murray Co., Ga. The name comes from

-gahuta&#699;yi, &ldquo;ashed roof supported on poles<span class="corr"

-id="xd23e8208" title="Not in source">&rdquo;</span>, and refers to a

-fancied resemblance in the summit.</p>

-<p class="par">Gakati&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;place of setting

-fire&rdquo;; something spoken in the plural form,

-Diga&#699;kati&#699;yi, &ldquo;place of the setting free.&rdquo; A

-point on Tuckasegee river, about three miles above Bryson City, in

-Swain Co., N. C. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb224" href="#pb224"

-name="pb224">224</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">gaktun&#699;ta&mdash;an injunction, command or rule,

-more particularly a prohibition or ceremonial tabu.

-Tsiga&#699;te&#699;gu. &ldquo;I am observing an injunction or

-tabu&rdquo;; adakte&#699;gi, &ldquo;he is under tabu

-regulations.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Galagi&#699;na&mdash;a male deer (buck) or turkey

-(gobbler); in the first sense the name is sometimes used also for the

-large horned beetle (<i lang="la">Dynastes tityus</i>). The Indian name

-of Elias Boudinot, first Cherokee editor.</p>

-<p class="par">gali&#699;sgisida&#699;hu&mdash;&ldquo;I am dancing

-about&rdquo;; from gali&#699;sgia, &ldquo;I am dancing,&rdquo; and

-edahu, &ldquo;I am going about.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">galunkw&#699;ti&#699;yo&mdash;honored; sacred; used in

-the bible to mean holy, hallowed.</p>

-<p class="par">galun&#699;lati&mdash;above, on high.</p>

-<p class="par">gane&#699;ga&mdash;skin.</p>

-<p class="par">ganidawa&#699;ski&mdash;&ldquo;the champion

-catchfly&rdquo; or &ldquo;rattlesnake&rsquo;s master&rdquo; (<i lang=

-"la">Silene stellata</i>); the name signifies &ldquo;it disjoints

-itself,&rdquo; from ganidawsku&#699;, &ldquo;it is unjointing

-itself,&rdquo; on account of the peculiar manner in which the dried

-stalk breaks off at the joints.</p>

-<p class="par">Gansagi (or Gansagiyi)&mdash;the name of several former

-settlements in the old Cherokee country; it cannot be analyzed. One of

-this name was upon Tuckasegee river, a short distance above the present

-Webster, in Jackson Co., N. C.; another was on the lower part of

-Canasauga creek, in McMinn Co., Tenn.; a third was at the junction of

-Conasauga and Coosawatee rivers, where afterwards was located the

-Cherokee capital, New Echota, in Gordon Co., Ga.; a fourth, mentioned

-in the De Soto narratives as Canasoga or Canasagua, was located in 1540

-on the upper Chattahoochee river, possibly in the neighborhood of

-Kennesaw mountain, Ga. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb225" href=

-"#pb225" name="pb225">225</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Gansa&#699;ti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;robbing place,&rdquo;

-from tsina&#699;sahunsku, &ldquo;I am robbing him.&rdquo; Vengeance

-creek of Valley river in Cherokee Co., N. C. The name vengeance was

-originally a white man&rsquo;s nickname for an old Cherokee woman, of

-forbidding aspect, who lived there before the Removal.</p>

-<p class="par">Ganse&#699;ti&mdash;a rattle; as the Cherokee dance

-rattle is made from the gourd, the masculine name, Ganse&#699;ti, is

-usually rendered by the whites, &ldquo;rattling-gourd.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">gatausti&mdash;the wheel and stick of the Southern

-tribes, incorrectly called nettecwaw by Timberlake.</p>

-<p class="par">Gategwa&#699;&mdash;for Gategwa&#699;hi, possibly a

-contraction of Igat(I)-egwa&#699;hi, &ldquo;Great-swamp, &ldquo;thicket

-place.&rdquo; A high peak southeast from Franklin, Macon Co., N. C.,

-and perhaps identical with Fodderstack mountain.</p>

-<p class="par">ga&#699;tsu&mdash;see hatlu&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Gatu&#699;gitse&#699;yi (abbreviated

-Gatu&#699;gitse&#699;)&mdash;&ldquo;New-settlement place,&rdquo; from

-gatu&#699;gi or agatu&#699;gi, town, settlement, itsehi, new,

-especially applied to new vegetation, and yi, the locative. A former

-settlement on Cartoogaja creek near the present Franklin, in Macon Co.,

-N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">Gatugi&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Town building place,&rdquo;

-or &ldquo;Settlement place,&rdquo; from gatu&#699;gi, a settlement, and

-yi, locative. A place on Santeetla creek, near Robbinsville, in Graham

-Co., N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">Gatun&#699;iti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Hemp place,&rdquo;

-from Gatun&#699;lati, &ldquo;wild hemp&rdquo; (<i lang="la">Apocynum

-cannabinum</i>), and yi, locative. A former Cherokee settlement,

-commonly known as Hemptown, on the creek of the same name, near

-Morgantown, in Fannin Co., Ga.</p>

-<p class="par">Gatun&#699;wa&#699;li&mdash;a noted western Cherokee,

-about 1842, known to the whites as Hardmush or Big-Mush. <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb226" href="#pb226" name="pb226">226</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Gatun&#699;wa&#699;li, from ga&#699;tu&#699;,

-&ldquo;bread,&rdquo; and unwa&#699;li, &ldquo;made into balls or

-lumps,&rdquo; is a sort of mush or parched corn meal, made very thick,

-so that it can be dipped out in lumps almost of the consistency of

-bread.</p>

-<p class="par">ge&#699;i&mdash;down stream, down the road, with the

-current; tsa&#699;gi, up stream.</p>

-<p class="par">gese&#699;i&mdash;was; a separate word which, when used

-after the verb in the present tense, makes it past tense without change

-of form; in the form hi&#699;gese&#699;i it usually accompanies an

-emphatic repetition.</p>

-<p class="par">Ge&#699;yagu&#699;ga (for

-Age&#699;hya&#699;-guga?)&mdash;a formulistic name for the moon

-(nun&#699;da&#699;); it cannot be analyzed, but seems to contain the

-word age&#699;hya, &ldquo;woman.&rdquo; See also nun&#699;da&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">gi&#699;ga&mdash;blood; cf. gi&#699;gage&#699;i,

-red.</p>

-<p class="par">gi&#699;ga-danegi&#699;ski&mdash;&ldquo;blood

-taker,&rdquo; from gi&#699;ga, blood, and ada&#699;negi&#699;ski,

-&ldquo;one who takes liquids,&rdquo; from tsi&#699;negia&#699;

-(liquid). Another name for the tsane&#699;ni or scorpion lizard.</p>

-<p class="par">gi&#699;gage&#699;i&mdash;red, bright red, scarlet; the

-brown-red of certain animals and clays is distinguished as

-wa&#699;dige&#699;i.</p>

-<p class="par">

-gi&#699;ga-tsuha&#699;li&mdash;&ldquo;bloody-mouth,&rdquo; literally

-&ldquo;having blood on the corners of his mouth&rdquo;; from

-gi&#699;ga, blood, and tsuhanunsi&#699;yi, the corners of the mouth

-(aha&#699;li, his mouth). A large lizard, probably the pleistodon.</p>

-<p class="par">gili&mdash;dog; the Lower dialect, gi&#699;ri.</p>

-<p class="par">Gili-dinehun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where the dogs

-live,&rdquo; from gili, dog, dinehu&#699;, &ldquo;they dwell&rdquo;

-(ehu, &ldquo;I dwell&rdquo;), and yi, locative. A place on Oconaluftee

-river, a short distance above the present Cherokee in Swain Co., N. C.

-<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb227" href="#pb227" name=

-"pb227">227</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">

-Gi&#699;li&#699;-utsun&#699;stanun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where the dog

-ran,&rdquo; from gili&#699;, dog, and Utsun&#699;stanun&#699;yi,

-&ldquo;footprints made by an animal running&rdquo;; the Milky way.</p>

-<p class="par">ginunti&mdash;a song form for gunu&#699;tii&#699;,

-&ldquo;to lay him (animate object) upon the ground.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">giri&mdash;see gi&#699;li&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Gisehun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where the female

-lives,&rdquo; from agi&#699;si, female, and yi, locative. A place on

-Tuckasegee river a short distance above Bryson City, in Swain Co., N.

-C.</p>

-<p class="par">git&#699;lu&mdash;hair. (Upper dialect); in Lower and

-Middle dialects gitsu.</p>

-<p class="par">Glass, The&mdash;see Ta&#699;gwadihi&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Gohoma&mdash;A Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; the form

-cannot be identified.</p>

-<p class="par">Going-snake&mdash;see I&#699;naduna&#699;i.</p>

-<p class="par">Gorhaleka&mdash;a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; the form

-cannot be identified.</p>

-<p class="par">Great Island&mdash;see Amayel-e&#699;gwa.</p>

-<p class="par">Gregory Bald&mdash;see <span class="corr" id="xd23e8306"

-title="Source: Tsistu&rsquo;yi">Tsistu&#699;yi</span>.</p>

-<p class="par">Guachoula&mdash;see Guaxule.</p>

-<p class="par">Guaquila (Waki la)&mdash;a town in the Cherokee country,

-visited by De Soto in 1540, and again in 1567 by Pardo, who calls it

-Aguaquiri, and the name may have a connection with waguli,

-&ldquo;Whippoorwill,&rdquo; or with u&#699;wa&#699;gi&#699;li,

-&ldquo;foam.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Guasula&mdash;see Guaxule.</p>

-<p class="par">Gusila&mdash;see Guaxule.</p>

-<p class="par">Guaxule&mdash;a town in Cherokee county, visited in 1540

-by De Soto. It was probably about at Nacoochee mound in White Co.,

-Ga.</p>

-<p class="par">gu&#699;day&#699;wu&mdash;&ldquo;I have sewed myself

-together&rdquo;; &ldquo;I am sewing,&rdquo; tsiye&#699;wia&#699;;

-&ldquo;I am sewing myself together.&rdquo; <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb228" href="#pb228" name="pb228">228</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">gugwe&#699;&mdash;the quail or partridge.</p>

-<p class="par">gugwe&#699;ulasu&#699;la&mdash;&ldquo;partridge

-moccasin,&rdquo; from guewe, partridge, and ulasula, moccasin or shoe;

-the lady slipper.</p>

-<p class="par">Gulahi&#699;yi (abbreviated Gulahi&#699;, or

-Gurahi&#699;, in the Lower dialect)&mdash;&ldquo;Gula&#699;hi

-place,&rdquo; so-called from the unidentified spring plant eaten as a

-salad by the Cherokee. The name of two or more places in the old

-Cherokee country; one about Currahee mountain, in Habersham Co., Ga.,

-the other on Cullowhee river, an upper branch of Tuckasegee, in Jackson

-Co., N. C. Currahee Dick was a noted chief about the year 1820.</p>

-<p class="par">Gu&#699;lani&#699;yi&mdash;a Cherokee and Natchez

-settlement, formerly about the junction of Brasstown creek with

-Hiwassee river, a short distance above Murphy, in Cherokee Co., N. C.

-The etymology of the word is doubtful.</p>

-<p class="par">gule&#699;&mdash;acorn.</p>

-<p class="par">gule&#699;diska&#699;nihi&mdash;the turtle-dove;

-literally &ldquo;it cries, or mourns, for acorns,&rdquo; from gule,

-acorn, and diska&#699;nihi&#699;, &ldquo;it cries for them,&rdquo;

-(di-. plural prefix, hi, habitual suffix). The turtle-dove feeds upon

-acorns and its cry somewhat resembles the name, gule.</p>

-<p class="par">gule&#699;gi&mdash;&ldquo;climber,&rdquo; from tsilahi,

-&ldquo;I climb&rdquo; (second person, hi&#699;lahi; third person,

-gulahi); the blacksnake.</p>

-<p class="par">Gul&#699;kala&#699;ski&mdash;an earlier name for

-Tsunu&#699;lahun&#699;ski, q. v.</p>

-<p class="par">gul&#699;kwa&#699;gi&mdash;seven; also the

-mole-cricket.</p>

-<p class="par">gul&#699;kwa&#699;gine(-i)&mdash;seventh; from

-gul&#699;kwagi, seven.</p>

-<p class="par">Gulsadihi (or Gultsadihi&#699;?) a masculine name of

-uncertain etymology.</p>

-<p class="par">gunahi&#699;ti&mdash;long. <span class="pagenum">[<a id=

-"pb229" href="#pb229" name="pb229">229</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Gu&#699;nahitun&#699;yi&mdash;Long place (i. e., Long

-valley), from gunahi&#699;ti, long, and yi, locative. A former

-settlement known to the whites as Valleytown, where now is the town of

-the same name on Valley river in Cherokee Co., N. C. The various

-settlements on Valley river and the adjacent part of Hiwassee were

-known collectively as &ldquo;Valley towns.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Gun&#699;di&#699;gaduhun&#699;yi (abbreviated

-Gun&#699;-digadu&#699;hun)&mdash;&ldquo;Turkey settlement&rdquo;

-(gu&#699;na, turkey), so-called from the chief, Turkey or Little

-Turkey. A former settlement, known to the whites as Turkeytown, upon

-the west bank of Coosa river, opposite the present Center, in Cherokee,

-Co., Ala.</p>

-<p class="par">gu&#699;ni&mdash;arrow. Cf. Senica, ga&#699;na.</p>

-<p class="par">gun&#699;nage&#699;i (or gun&#699;nage) black.</p>

-<p class="par">Gunne&#699;hi&mdash;see Nunne&#699;hi.</p>

-<p class="par">Gunskali&#699;ski&mdash;a masculine personal name of

-uncertain etymology.</p>

-<p class="par">Gunters Landing, Guntersville&mdash;see

-Ku&#699;sa-Nunna&#699;hi.</p>

-<p class="par">Gun-tuskwa&#699;li&mdash;&ldquo;short arrows,&rdquo;

-from guni, arrow, and tsuskwa&#699;li, plural of uska&#699;li, short; a

-traditional western tribe.</p>

-<p class="par">Gunun&#699;da&#699;le&#699;gi&mdash;see

-Nunna-hi&#699;dihi.</p>

-<p class="par">Gusti&#699;&mdash;a traditional Cherokee settlement on

-Tennessee river, near Kingston, Roane Co., Tenn. The name cannot be

-analyzed.</p>

-<p class="par">Gu&#699;wisguwi&#699;&mdash;The Cherokee name of the

-chief John Ross, and for the district named in his honor, commonly

-spelled Cooweescoowee. Properly an onomatope for a large bird said to

-have been seen formerly at infrequent intervals in the old Cherokee

-country, accompanying the migratory wild geese, and described as

-resembling a large snipe, with yellow legs and unwebbed feet. In

-boyhood John Ross was known as Tsan&#699;usdi, &ldquo;Little

-John.&rdquo; <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb230" href="#pb230" name=

-"pb230">230</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Gwal&#699;ga&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Frog-place,&rdquo;

-from gwal&#699;gu, a variety of frog, and hi, locative. A place on

-Hiwassee river, just above the junction of Peachtree creek, near

-Murphy, in Cherokee Co., N. C.; about 1755 the site of a village of

-refugee Natchez, and later of a Baptist mission.</p>

-<p class="par">gwehe&#699;&mdash;a cricket&rsquo;s cry.</p>

-<p class="par">Ha!&mdash;an introductory exclamation intended to

-attract attention or add emphasis; about equivalent to Here! Now!</p>

-<p class="par">Ha&#699;-ma&#699;ma&#699;&mdash;a song term compounded

-of ha! an introductory exclamation, and mama&#699;, a word which has no

-analysis, but is used in speaking to young children to mean &ldquo;let

-me carry you on my back.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Hanging-maw&mdash;see Uskwa&#699;li-gu&#699;ta.</p>

-<p class="par">ha&#699;nia-lil&#699;-lil&#699;&mdash;an unmeaning dance

-refrain.</p>

-<p class="par">Hard-mush&mdash;see Gatun&#699;wali.</p>

-<p class="par">ha&#699;tlu&mdash;dialectic form, ga&#699;tsu,

-&ldquo;where?&rdquo; (interrogative).</p>

-<p class="par">ha&#699;wiye&#699;ehi&#699;,

-ha&#699;wiye&#699;hyuwe&#699;&mdash;unmeaning dance refrains.</p>

-<p class="par">hayu&#699;&mdash;an emphatic affirmative, about

-equivalent to &ldquo;Yes, sir.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">hayuya&#699;haniwa&#699;&mdash;an unmeaning refrain in

-one of the bear songs.</p>

-<p class="par">he-e!&mdash;an unmeaning song introduction.</p>

-<p class="par">Hemp-carrier&mdash;see Tale&#699;danigi&#699;ski.</p>

-<p class="par">Hemptown&mdash;see Gatunlti&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">hi!&mdash;unmeaning dance exclamation.</p>

-<p class="par">Hickory-log&mdash;see Wane&#699;-asun&#699;tlunyi.</p>

-<p class="par">hi&#699;gina&#699;lii&mdash;&ldquo;(you are) my

-friend&rdquo;; afina&#699;lii, &ldquo;(he is) my friend.&rdquo; In

-white man&rsquo;s jargon, canaly.</p>

-<p class="par">Hightower&mdash;see I&#699;tawa&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">hila&#699;gu?&mdash;how many? how much? (Upper dialect);

-the Middle dialect form is hungu&#699;. <span class="pagenum">[<a id=

-"pb231" href="#pb231" name="pb231">231</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">hilahi&#699;yu&mdash;long ago; the final yu makes it

-more emphatic.</p>

-<p class="par">hi&#699;lunnu&mdash;&ldquo;(thou) go to sleep&rdquo;;

-from tsi&#699;lihu&#699;, &ldquo;I am asleep.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">hi&#699;ski&mdash;five; cf. Mohawk wisk. The Cherokee

-numerals including 10 are as follows: sa&#699;gwu, ta&#699;li,

-tsa&#699;i, nun&#699;gi, hi&#699;ski, su&#699;tali, gul kwa&#699;gi,

-tsune&#699;la, aska&#699;hi</p>

-<p class="par">Hiwassee&mdash;Ayuhwa&#699;si.</p>

-<p class="par">hi&#699;yagu&#699;we&mdash;an unmeaning dance

-refrain.</p>

-<p class="par">Houston, Samuel&mdash;see Ka&#699;lanu.</p>

-<p class="par">huhu&mdash;the yellow-breasted chat, or yellow mocking

-bird (<i lang="la">Icteria virens</i>); the name is an onomatope.</p>

-<p class="par">hunyahu&#699;ska&mdash;&ldquo;he will die.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">hwi&#699;lahi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;thou (must)

-go.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Iau&#699;nigu&mdash;an important Cherokee settlement,

-commonly known to the whites as Seneca, formerly on Keowee river, about

-the mouth of Conneross creek, in Oconee county, S. C. Hopewell, the

-country seat of General Pickens, where the famous treaty was made, was

-near it on the east side of the river. The word cannot be translated,

-but has no connection with the tribal name, Seneca.</p>

-<p class="par">igagu&#699;ti&mdash;daylight. The name is sometimes

-applied to the ulunsu&#699;ti (q. v.) and also to the clematis

-vine.</p>

-<p class="par">i&#699;hya&mdash;the cane reed (<i lang=

-"la">Arundinaria</i>) of the Gulf states, used by the Indians for

-blow-guns, fishing rods and basketry.</p>

-<p class="par">ihya&#699;ga&mdash;see atsil&#699;sunti.</p>

-<p class="par">inadu&#699;&mdash;snake.</p>

-<p class="par">I&#699;nadu-na&#699;i&mdash;&ldquo;Going snake,&rdquo; a

-Cherokee chief prominent about eighty years ago. The name properly

-signifies that the person is &ldquo;going along in company with a

-snake,&rdquo; the verbal part being from the irregular verb

-asta&#699;i, &ldquo;I am going along with him.&rdquo; <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb232" href="#pb232" name="pb232">232</a>]</span>The

-name has been given to a district of the present Cherokee Nation.</p>

-<p class="par">i&#699;nage&#699;hi&mdash;dwelling in the wilderness, an

-inhabitant of the wilderness; from i&#699;nage&#699;i

-&ldquo;wilderness,&rdquo; and ehi, habitual present form of ehu,

-&ldquo;he is dwelling&rdquo;; ge&#699;u, &ldquo;I am

-dwelling.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">I&#699;nage-utasun&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;he who grew up

-in the wilderness,&rdquo; i. e., &ldquo;He who grew up wild&rdquo;;

-from i&#699;nage&#699;i, &ldquo;wilderness, unoccupied timber

-land,&rdquo; and utasun&#699;hi, the third person perfect of the

-irregular verb ga&#699;tunsku&#699;, &ldquo;I am growing up.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Ina&#699;li&mdash;Black-fox; the common red fox in

-tsu&#699;la (in Muscogee, chula). Black-fox was principal chief of the

-Cherokee Nation in 1810.</p>

-<p class="par">Iskagua&mdash;Name for &ldquo;Clear Sky,&rdquo; formerly

-&ldquo;Nenetooyah or the Bloody Fellow.&rdquo; The name appears thus in

-a document of 1791 as that of a Cherokee chief frequently mentioned

-about that period under the name of &ldquo;Bloody Fellow.&rdquo; In one

-treaty it is given as &ldquo;Eskaqua or Bloody Fellow.&rdquo; Both

-forms and etymologies are doubtful, neither form seeming to have any

-reference either to &ldquo;sky&rdquo; (galun&#699;lahi) or

-&ldquo;blood&rdquo; (gi&#699;ga). The first may be intended for

-Ik-e&#699;gwa, &ldquo;Great day.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Istanare&mdash;see Ustana&#699;li.</p>

-<p class="par">Itaba&mdash;see I&#699;tawa&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Itagu&#699;nahi&mdash;the Cherokee name of John Ax.</p>

-<p class="par">I&#699;tawa&#699;&mdash;The name of one or more Cherokee

-settlements. One, which existed until the Removal in 1838, was upon

-Etowah river, about the present Hightower, in Forsyth county, Ga.

-Another may have been on Hightower creek of Hiwassee river in Towns

-county, Ga. The name, commonly written Etowah and corrupted to

-Hightower, cannot <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb233" href="#pb233"

-name="pb233">233</a>]</span>be translated and seems not to be of

-Cherokee origin. A town, called Itaba, Ytaun or Ytava in the De Soto

-chronicles, existed in 1540 among the Creeks, apparently on Alabama

-river.</p>

-<p class="par">Itsa&#699;ti&mdash;commonly spelled Echota, Chota,

-Chote, Choquata (misprint), etc.; a name occurring in several places in

-the old Cherokee country; the meaning is lost. The most important

-settlement of this name, frequently distinguished as Great Echota, was

-on the south side of Little Tennessee. It was the ancient capital and

-sacred &ldquo;Peace town&rdquo; of the Nation. Little Echota was on

-Sautee (i. e., Its&#699;ti) creek, a head stream of the Chattahoochee,

-west of Clarksville, Ga. New Echota, the capital of the Nation for some

-years before the Removal, was established at a spot originally known as

-Gansa&#699;gi (q. v.) at the junction of the Oostanaula and Canasauga

-rivers, in Gordon county, Ga. It was sometimes called Newton. The old

-Macedonia mission on Soco creek, of the N. C. reservation, is also

-known as Itas&#699;ti to the Cherokee, as was also the great Nacoochee

-mound. See Nagutsi&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Itse&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;New green place&rdquo; or

-&ldquo;Place of fresh green,&rdquo; from itse&#699;hi, &ldquo;green or

-unripe vegetation,&rdquo; and yi, the locative; applied more

-particularly to a tract of ground made green by fresh springing

-vegetation, after having been cleared of timber or burned over. A name

-occurring in several places in the Old Cherokee country, variously

-written Echia, Echoee, Etchowee, and sometimes also falsely rendered

-&ldquo;Brasstown,&rdquo; from a confusion of Itse&#699;yi with

-untsaiyi&#699;, &ldquo;brass.&rdquo; One settlement of this name was

-upon Brasstown creek of Tugaloo river, in Oconee county, S. C.; another

-was <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb234" href="#pb234" name=

-"pb234">234</a>]</span>on Little Tennessee river near the present

-Franklin, Macon county, N. C., and probably about the junction of

-Cartoogaja (Gatug-itse&#699;yi) creek; a third, known to the whites as

-Brasstown, was on upper Brasstown creek of Hiwassee river, in Towns

-county, Ga. In Cherokee, as in most other Indian languages, no clear

-distinction is made between green and blue.</p>

-<p class="par">i&#699;ya&mdash;pumpkin.</p>

-<p class="par">i&#699;ya&#699;-iuy&#699;sti&mdash;&ldquo;like a

-pumpkin,&rdquo; from <span class="corr" id="xd23e8482" title=

-"Source: iya">i&#699;ya</span> and iyu&#699;sti, like.</p>

-<p class="par"><span class="corr" id="xd23e8486" title=

-"Source: iya&#699;-tawi&#699;skage">i&#699;ya&#699;-tawi&#699;skage</span>&mdash;&ldquo;of

-pumpkin smoothness,&rdquo; from i&#699;ya, pumpkin, and

-tawi&#699;skage, smooth.</p>

-<p class="par">Jackson&mdash;see Tsek&#699;sini&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Jessan&mdash;see Tsesa&#699;ni.</p>

-<p class="par">Jesse Reid&mdash;see Tse&#699;si-Ska&#699;tsi.</p>

-<p class="par">Joanna Bald&mdash;see Diya&#699;hali&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Joara, Juada&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Sawa&#699;li.</p>

-<p class="par">John&mdash;see Tsa&#699;ni.</p>

-<p class="par">John Ax&mdash;see Itagu&#699;nahi.</p>

-<p class="par">Jolly, John&mdash;see Anu&#699;lude&#699;gi.</p>

-<p class="par">Junaluska&mdash;see Tsunu&#699;lahun&#699;ski.</p>

-<p class="par">Jutaculla&mdash;see Tsulkalu&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">ka&#699;gu&#699;&mdash;crow; the name is an

-onomatope.</p>

-<p class="par">Kagun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Crow place,&rdquo; from

-ka&#699;gu&#699;, and yi, locative.</p>

-<p class="par">ka&#699;i&mdash;grease, oil.</p>

-<p class="par">Kala&#699;asun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where he fell

-off,&rdquo; from tsila&#699;asku&#699;, &ldquo;I am falling off,&rdquo;

-and yi, locative. A cliff near Cold Spring knob, in Swain county, North

-Carolina.</p>

-<p class="par">Ka&#699;lahu&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;All-bones,&rdquo; from

-ka&#699;lu, bone. A former chief of the East Cherokee, also known in

-the tribe as Sawanu&#699;gi. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb235" href=

-"#pb235" name="pb235">235</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Ka&#699;lanu&mdash;&ldquo;The Raven&rdquo;; the name was

-used as a war title in the tribe and appears in the old documents as

-Corani (Lower dialect, Ka&#699;ranu) Colonneh, Colona, etc. It is the

-Cherokee name for General Samuel Houston or for any person named

-Houston.</p>

-<p class="par">Ka&#699;lanu Ahyeli&#699;ski&mdash;the Raven Mocker.</p>

-<p class="par">Ka&#699;lanun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Raven place,&rdquo;

-from ka&#699;lanu, raven, and yi, the locative. The proper name of

-Big-cove settlement upon the East Cherokee reservation, Swain county,

-N. C., sometimes also called Raventown.</p>

-<p class="par">kalas&#699;-gunahi&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;long hams&rdquo;

-(gunahi&#699;ta, &ldquo;long&rdquo;); a variety of bear.</p>

-<p class="par">Kal-detsi&#699;yunyi&mdash;&ldquo;where the bones

-are,&rdquo; from ka&#699;lu, bone, and detsi&#699;yunyi, &ldquo;where

-(yi) they (de&mdash;plural prefix) are lying.&rdquo; A spot near the

-junction of East Buffalo Creek with Cheowa river, in Graham county, N.

-C.</p>

-<p class="par">kama&#699;ma&mdash;butterfly.</p>

-<p class="par">kama&#699;ma u&#699;tanu&mdash;elephant; literally

-&ldquo;great butterfly,&rdquo; from the resemblance of the trunk and

-ears to the butterfly&rsquo;s proboscis and wings.</p>

-<p class="par">kanaha&#699;na&mdash;a sour corn gruel, much in use

-among the Cherokee and other Southern tribes; the tamfuli or &ldquo;Tom

-Fuller&rdquo; of the Creeks.</p>

-<p class="par">kanane&#699;ski&mdash;spider; also, from a fancied

-resemblance in appearance to a watch or clock.</p>

-<p class="par">kanane&#699;ski amaye&#699;hi&mdash;the water

-spider.</p>

-<p class="par">Kana&#699;sta, Kanastun&#699;yi&mdash;a traditional

-Cherokee settlement, formerly on the head-waters of the French Broad

-river, near the present Brevard, in Transylvania county, North

-Carolina. The meaning of the first name is lost. A settlement called

-Cannostee <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb236" href="#pb236" name=

-"pb236">236</a>]</span>or Cannastion is mentioned as existing on

-Hiwassee river in 1776.</p>

-<p class="par">kana&#699;talu&#699;hi&mdash;hominy cooked with walnut

-kernels.</p>

-<p class="par">Kana&#699;ti&mdash;&ldquo;Lucky Hunter&rdquo;; a

-masculine name, sometimes abbreviated Kanat&#699;. The word cannot be

-analyzed, but is used as a third person habitual verbal form to mean

-&ldquo;he is lucky, or successful, in hunting&rdquo;; the opposite is

-ukwa&#699;legu, &ldquo;unlucky, or unsuccessful, in hunting.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">kanegwa&#699;ti&mdash;the water-moccasin snake.</p>

-<p class="par">Kanuga&mdash;also written Canuga; a Lower Cherokee

-settlement, apparently on the waters of Keowee river, in S. C.,

-destroyed in 1751; also a traditional settlement on Pigeon river,

-probably near the present Waynesville, in Haywood county, N. C. The

-name signifies &ldquo;a scratcher,&rdquo; a sort of bone-toothed comb

-with which ball-players are scratched upon their naked skin preliminary

-to applying the conjured medicine; de&#699;tsinuga&#699;sku, &ldquo;I

-am scratching it.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">kanugu&#699; la (abbreviated nungu&#699;

-la)&mdash;&ldquo;scratcher,&rdquo; a generic term for blackberry,

-raspberry, and other brier bushes.</p>

-<p class="par">Kanu&#699;gulayi, or

-Kanu&#699;gulun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Brier place,&rdquo; from

-kanugu&#699;la, brier (cf. Kanu&#699;ga); a Cherokee settlement

-formerly on Nantahala river, about the mouth of Briertown creek, in

-Macon county, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">Kanun&#699;nawu&#699;&mdash;pipe.</p>

-<p class="par">Kasdu&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Ashes place,&rdquo; from

-kasdu, ashes, and yi, the locative. A modern Cherokee name for the town

-of Asheville, Buncombe county, N. C. The ancient name for the same site

-is Unta&#699;kiyasti&#699;yi, q. v. <span class="pagenum">[<a id=

-"pb237" href="#pb237" name="pb237">237</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Katal&#699;sta&mdash;an East Cherokee woman potter, the

-daughter of the chief Yanagun&#699;ski. The name conveys the idea of

-lending, from tsiyatal&#699;sta, &ldquo;I lend it&rdquo;;

-agatal&#699;sta, &ldquo;it is lent to him.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Kawan&#699;-ura&#699;sunyi&mdash;(abbreviated

-Kawan&#699;-ura&#699;sun in the Lower dialect)&mdash;&ldquo;where the

-duck fell,&rdquo; from kawa&#699;na, duck, ura&#699;sa (ula&#699;sa),

-&ldquo;it fell,&rdquo; and yi, locative. A point on Conneross creek

-(from Kawan&#699;-ura&#699;sun), near Seneca, in Oconee county, S.

-C.</p>

-<p class="par">Kawi&#699;yi (abbreviated Kawi&#699;)&mdash;a former

-important Cherokee settlement commonly known as Cowee, about the mouth

-of Cowee creek of Little Tennessee river, some 10 miles below Franklin,

-in Macon county, N. C. The name may possibly be a contraction of

-Ani&#699;-Kawi&#699;yi, &ldquo;Place of the Deer clan.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="table">

-<table>

-<tr>

-<td class="cellLeft cellTop">

-<div class="figure xd23e8574width"><img src="images/p237-1.jpg" alt=

-"Occonestee Falls," width="313" height="657">

-<p class="figureHead">Occonestee Falls,</p>

-<p class="par first">In Transylvania Co., N. C.</p>

-</div>

-</td>

-<td class="cellRight cellTop">

-<div class="figure xd23e8581width" id="p237-2"><img src=

-"images/p237-2.jpg" alt="Linville Falls, N. C." width="320" height=

-"648">

-<p class="figureHead">Linville Falls, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="q">

-<div class="body">

-<div class="lgouter">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;O&rsquo;er the precipice it plunges</p>

-<p class="line">Bounds and surges down the steep.&rdquo;</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-</div>

-</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td colspan="2" class="cellLeft cellRight cellBottom">

-<div class="figure xd23e8596width" id="p237-3"><img src=

-"images/p237-3.jpg" alt="Lower Fall. Triple Falls. Buck Forest, N.C."

-width="646" height="327">

-<p class="figureHead">Lower Fall. Triple Falls. Buck Forest, N.C.</p>

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="q">

-<div class="body">

-<div class="lgouter">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Then it rushes fast and furious</p>

-<p class="line">Into mist and fog and spray.&rdquo;</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-</div>

-</td>

-</tr>

-</table>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<p class="par">Keeowhee&mdash;see Keowee.</p>

-<p class="par">Kenesaw&mdash;see Gansa&#699;gi.</p>

-<p class="par">Keowee&mdash;the name of two or more former Cherokee

-settlements. One sometimes distinguished as &ldquo;Old Keowee,&rdquo;

-the principal of the Lower Cherokee towns, was on the river of the same

-name, near the present Fort George, in Oconee county, of S. C. Another,

-distinguished as New Keowee, was on the head-waters of Twelve-mile

-creek, in Pickens county, S. C. According to Wafford the correct form

-is Kuwahi&#699;yi, abbreviated Kuwahi&#699;, <span class="corr" id=

-"xd23e8615" title="Not in source">&ldquo;</span>Mulberry-grove

-place.&rdquo; Says Wafford, &ldquo;the whites murdered the name as they

-always do.&rdquo; Cf. Kuwa&#699;hi.</p>

-<p class="par">Ke&#699;si-ka&#699;gamu&mdash;a woman&rsquo;s name, a

-Cherokee corruption of Cassie Cockran; ka&#699;gamu is also the

-Cherokee corruption for &ldquo;cucumber.&rdquo; <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb238" href="#pb238" name="pb238">238</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Ketoowah&mdash;see Kilu&#699;hwa.</p>

-<p class="par">Kittuwa&mdash;see Kitu&#699;hwa.</p>

-<p class="par">Kitu&#699;hwa&mdash;an important ancient Cherokee

-settlement formerly upon Tuckasegee river, and extending from above the

-junction of Oconaluftee down nearly to the present Bryson City, in

-Swain county, N. C. The name, which appears also as Kettooah, Kittoa,

-Kittowa, etc., has lost its meaning. The people of this and the

-subordinate settlements on the waters of the Tuckasegee were known as

-Ani&#699;-Kitu&#699;hwagi, and the name was frequently extended to

-include the whole tribe. For this reason it was adopted in later times

-as the name of the Cherokee secret organization, commonly known to the

-whites as the Ketoowah society, pledged to the defense of Cherokee

-autonomy.</p>

-<p class="par">kiyu ga&mdash;ground-squirrel; te&#699;wa, flying

-squirrel; sala&#699;li, gray squirrel.</p>

-<p class="par">Klausuna&mdash;see Tlanusi&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Knoxville&mdash;see Kuwanda&#699;ta lun&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">ku!&mdash;an introductory explanation, to fix attention,

-about equivalent to &ldquo;Now!&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">kuku&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;cymbling&rdquo;; also the

-&ldquo;jigger weed,&rdquo; or &ldquo;pleurisy root&rdquo; (<i lang=

-"la">Asclepias tuberosa</i>). Coco creek of Hiwassee river, and Coker

-post-office, in Monroe county, Tennessee, derive their name from this

-word.</p>

-<p class="par">Kulsetsi&#699;yi (abbreviated

-Kulse&#699;tsi)&mdash;&ldquo;Honey-locust place,&rdquo; from

-kulse&#699;tsi, honey-locust (<i lang="la">Gleditschia</i>) and yi,

-locative; as the same word, kulse&#699; tsi, is also used for

-&ldquo;sugar,&rdquo; the local name has commonly been rendered

-Sugartown by the traders. The name of several former settlement places

-in <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb239" href="#pb239" name=

-"pb239">239</a>]</span>the old Cherokee country. One was upon Keowee

-river, near the present Fall creek, in Oconee county, S. C.; another

-was on Sugartown or Cullasagee (Kulse&#699;tsi) creek, near the present

-Franklin, in Macon county, N. C.; a third was on Sugartown creek, near

-the present Morgantown, in Fannin county, Ga.</p>

-<p class="par">Kunnesee&mdash;see Tsi&#699;yu-gunsi&#699;ni.</p>

-<p class="par">Kunstutsi&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Sassafras place,&rdquo;

-from kunstu&#699;tsi, sassafras, and yi, locative. A gap in the Great

-Smoky range, about the head of Noland creek, on the line between North

-Carolina and Sevier county, Tenn.</p>

-<p class="par">kunu&#699;nu (abbreviated kunun&#699;)&mdash;the

-bullfrog; the name is probably an onomatope; the common green frog is

-wala&#699;si and there are also names for several other varieties of

-frogs and toads.</p>

-<p class="par">Kusa&#699;&mdash;Coosa creek, an upper tributary of

-Nottely river, near Blairsville, Union county, Georgia. The change of

-accent from Ku&#699;sa (Creek, see Ani&#699;-Ku&#699;sa) makes it

-locative.</p>

-<p class="par">Ku&#699;sa-nunna&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Creek

-trail,&rdquo; from Ku&#699;sa, Creek Indian, and Nunna&#699;hi, path,

-trail; cf. Suwa&#699;li-nunna&#699;hi. A former important Cherokee

-settlement, including also a number of Creeks and Shawano, where the

-trail from the Ohio region to the creek country crossed Tennessee

-river, at the present Guntersville, in Marshall county, Ala. It was

-known to the traders as Creek-path, and later as Gunter&rsquo;s

-landing, from a Cherokee mixed-blood named Gunter.</p>

-<p class="par">Ku&#699;swati&#699;yi (abbreviated

-Ku&#699;saweti&#699;)&mdash;&ldquo;Old Creek place,&rdquo; from

-Ku&#699;sa, a Creek Indian (plural Ani&#699;-ku&#699;sa), uwe&#699;ti,

-old, and yi, locative. Coosawatee, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb240"

-href="#pb240" name="pb240">240</a>]</span>an important Cherokee

-settlement formerly on the lower part of Coosawatee river, in Gordon

-county, Ga. In one document the name appears, by error,

-Tensawattee.</p>

-<p class="par">Kuwa&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Mulberry place,&rdquo; from

-ku&#699;wa, mulberry tree, and hi, locative. Clingman&rsquo;s dome,

-about the head of Deep creek, on the Great Smoky range, between Swain

-county, N. C., and Sevier county, Tenn. See also Keowee.</p>

-<p class="par">Kuwanda&#699;ta lun&#699;yi (abbreviated Kuwanda&#699;ta

-lun)&mdash;&ldquo;Mulberry grove,&rdquo; from ku&#699;wa, mulberry; the

-Cherokee name for the present site of Knoxville, in Knox county,

-Tenn.</p>

-<p class="par">Kwa&#699;li, Kwalun&#699;yi&mdash;Qualla or Quallatown,

-the former agency for the East Cherokee and now a post-office station,

-just outside the reservation, on a branch of Soco creek, in Jackson

-county, North Carolina. It is the Cherokee form for

-&ldquo;Polly,&rdquo; and the station was so-called from an old woman of

-that name who formerly lived near by; Kwa&#699;li, &ldquo;Polly&rdquo;

-Kwalun&#699;yi, &ldquo;Polly&rsquo;s place.&rdquo; The reservation is

-locally known as the Qualla boundary.</p>

-<p class="par">kwandaya&#699;hu&mdash;see da&#699;liksta&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">la&#699;lu&mdash;the jar-fly (<i lang="la">Cicada

-auletes</i>).</p>

-<p class="par">Little Carpenter, Little Cornplanter&mdash;see

-Ata&#699;-gul kalu&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Long-hair&mdash;a Cherokee chief living with his band in

-Ohio in 1795. The literal Cherokee translation of

-&ldquo;Long-hair&rdquo; is Gitlu&#699;gunahi&#699;ta, but it is not

-certain that the English name is a correct rendering of the Indian

-form. Cf. Ani&#699;-Gila&#699;hi.</p>

-<p class="par">Long Island&mdash;see Amaye li-gunahi&#699;ta.</p>

-<p class="par">Lookout Mountain Town&mdash;see

-Danda&#699;ganu&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Lowrey, Major George&mdash;see Agili. <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb241" href="#pb241" name="pb241">241</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Mayes, J. B.&mdash;see Tsa&#699;wa Gak&#699;ski.</p>

-<p class="par">Memphis&mdash;see Tsuda&#699;talesun&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Mialaquo&mdash;see Amaye l-e&#699;gwa.</p>

-<p class="par">Moses&mdash;see Wa&#699;si.</p>

-<p class="par">Moytoy&mdash;a Cherokee chief recognized by the English

-as &ldquo;emperor&rdquo; in 1730. Both the correct form and the meaning

-of the name are uncertain; the name occurs again as Moyatoy in a

-document of 1793; a boy upon the East Cherokee reservation a few years

-ago bore the name of Ma&#699;tayi&#699;, for which no meaning can be

-found or given.</p>

-<p class="par">Mussel Shoals&mdash;see Dagu&#699;nahi.</p>

-<p class="par">Nacoochee&mdash;<span class="corr" id="xd23e8703" title=

-"Not in source">see</span> Na&#699;gu tsi.</p>

-<p class="par">Na&#699;duli&mdash;known to the whites as Nottely. A

-former Cherokee settlement on Nottely river, close to the Georgia line,

-in Cherokee county, N. C. The name cannot be translated and has not any

-connection with na tu li, &ldquo;spicewood.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Na&#699;gu tsi&#699;&mdash;a former important settlement

-about the junction of Soquee and Santee rivers, in Nacoochee valley, at

-the head of Chattahoochee river, in Habersham county, Ga. The meaning

-of the word is lost and it is doubtful if it be of Cherokee origin. It

-may have some connection with the name of the Uchee Indians. The great

-mound farther up Sautee river, in White county, was known to the

-Cherokee as Itsa&#699;ti.</p>

-<p class="par">nakwisi&#699; (abbreviated nakusi)&mdash;star; also the

-meadow lark.</p>

-<p class="par">nakwisi&#699; usdi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;little

-star&rdquo;; the puffball fungus (<i lang="la">Lycoperdon?</i>).</p>

-<p class="par">Na&#699;na-tlu gun&#699;yi (abbreviated Na&#699;na-tlu

-gun&#699;, or Na&#699;na-tsu gun&#699;)&mdash;&ldquo;Spruce-tree

-place,&rdquo; from na&#699;na, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb242"

-href="#pb242" name="pb242">242</a>]</span>spruce, tlu gun&#699;i, or

-tsu gun&#699;i, a tree (standing) and yi, locative, 1. A traditional

-ancient Cherokee settlement on the site of Jonesboro, Washington

-county, Tenn. The name of Nolichucky river is probably a corruption of

-the same word. 2. Nan-tsu gun, a place on Nottely river, close to its

-junction with Hiwassee, in Cherokee county, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">Nanehi&mdash;see Nunne&#699;hi.</p>

-<p class="par">Nantahala&mdash;see Nundaye&#699; li.</p>

-<p class="par">Nashville&mdash;see Dagu&#699;nawe&#699;lahi.</p>

-<p class="par">Natchez&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Na&prime;tsi.</p>

-<p class="par">Nats-asun&#699;tlunyi (abbreviated <span class="corr"

-id="xd23e8732" title=

-"Source: Na ts-asun&#699;tlun">Nats-asun&#699;tlun</span>)&mdash;&ldquo;Pine-footing

-place,&rdquo; from na&prime;tsi, pine, asun&#699;tli or

-asun-tlun&#699;i, footlog, bridge, and yi, locative. A former Cherokee

-settlement, commonly known as Pinelog, on the creek of the same name,

-in Bartow county, Georgia.</p>

-<p class="par">na&prime;tsi&mdash;pine.</p>

-<p class="par">na&#699;tsiku&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;I eat it&rdquo;

-(tsi&#699;kiu&#699;, &ldquo;I am eating&rdquo;).</p>

-<p class="par">na tu li&mdash;spicewood (<i lang="la">Lindera

-benzoin</i>).</p>

-<p class="par">Naye&#699;hi&mdash;see Nunne&#699;hi.</p>

-<p class="par">Nayunuwi&mdash;see Nunyunu&#699;wi.</p>

-<p class="par">nehanduyanu&#699;&mdash;a song form for

-nehadu&#699;yanu&#699;, an irregular verbal form denoting

-&ldquo;conceived in the womb.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Nellawgitehi&mdash;given as the name of a Lower Cherokee

-chief in 1684. The correct form and meaning are both uncertain, but the

-final part seems to be the common suffix didi&#699;,

-&ldquo;killer.&rdquo; Cf. Ta&#699;gwadiahi&#699;<span class="corr" id=

-"xd23e8753" title="Not in source">.</span></p>

-<p class="par">Nenetooyah&mdash;see Iskagua.</p>

-<p class="par">Nequassee&mdash;see Ki&#699;kwasi&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Nettecawaw&mdash;see Gatayu&#699;sti.</p>

-<p class="par">Nettle-carrier&mdash;see Tale&#699;danigi&#699;ski.</p>

-<p class="par">New Echota, Newtown&mdash;see Itsa&#699;ti.</p>

-<p class="par">Nickajack&mdash;see Nikutse&#699;gi. <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb243" href="#pb243" name="pb243">243</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Nicotani&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Kuta&#699;ni.</p>

-<p class="par">Nikwasi&#699; (or Nikwsi&#699;)&mdash;an important

-ancient settlement on Little Tennessee river, where now is the town of

-Franklin, in Macon county, N. C. A large mound marks the site of the

-town-house. The name appears in old documents as Nequassee, Nucassee,

-etc. Its meaning is lost.</p>

-<p class="par">Nikutse&#699;gi (also Nukatse&#699;gi, Nikwatse&#699;gi,

-or abbreviated Nikutseg&#699;)&mdash;Nickajack, an important Cherokee

-settlement, about 1790, on the south bank of Tennessee river, at the

-entrance of Nickajack creek, in Marion county, Tenn. One of the Five

-Chickamauga towns (see Tsikama&#699;gi). The meaning of the word is

-lost and it is probably not of Cherokee origin, although it occurs also

-in the tribe as a man&rsquo;s name. In the corrupted form of

-&ldquo;Nigger Jack,&rdquo; it occurs also as the name of a creek of

-Cullasaja river above Franklin, in Macon county, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">Nilaque&mdash;see Amaye l-e&#699;gwa.</p>

-<p class="par">Nolichucky&mdash;see Na&#699;na-tlugun&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Notchy&mdash;a creek entering Tellico river, in Monroe

-county, Tenn. The name evidently refers to Natchez Indian refugees, who

-formerly lived in the vicinity (see Ani&#699;-Na&prime;tsi).</p>

-<p class="par">Nottely&mdash;see Na&#699;duli&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">nu&mdash;used as a suffix to denote &ldquo;and,&rdquo;

-or &ldquo;also&rdquo;; u&#699;le-nu, &ldquo;and also&rdquo;

-na&#699;ski-nu&#699;, &ldquo;and that,&rdquo; &ldquo;that

-also.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Nucassee&mdash;see Nikwasi&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">nu&#699;dunnelu&#699;&mdash;he did so and so: an

-irregular form apparently connected with the archaic forms

-adunni&#699;ga, <span class="corr" id="xd23e8790" title=

-"Source: &rdquo; ">&ldquo;</span>it has just become so,&rdquo; and

-udunnu, &ldquo;it is matured, or finished.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Nugatsa&#699;ni&mdash;a ridge sloping down to

-Oconaluftee river, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb244" href="#pb244"

-name="pb244">244</a>]</span>below Cherokee, in Swain county, N. C. An

-archaic form denoting a high ridge with a long gradual slope.</p>

-<p class="par">nu&#699;na&mdash;potato; the name was originally applied

-to the wild &ldquo;pig potato&rdquo; (<i lang="la">Phaseolus</i>), now

-distinguished as mu&#699;na igatehi, &ldquo;swamp-dwelling

-potato.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">nun&#699;da&mdash;the sun or moon, distinguished as

-unu&#699;da&#699; ige&#699;hi, nun&#699;da&#699; &ldquo;dwelling in the

-day,&rdquo; and nun&#699;da&#699; sunna&#699;yehi, nun&#699;da

-&ldquo;dwelling in the night.&rdquo; In the sacred formulas the moon is

-sometimes called Ge yagu&#699;ga, or Su&#699;talidihi,

-&ldquo;Six-keller,&rdquo; names apparently founded upon myths now

-lost.</p>

-<p class="par">nun&#699;da&#699;-dikani&mdash;a rare bird formerly seen

-occasionally in the old Cherokee country, possibly the little blue

-heron (<i lang="la">Floridus cerulea</i>). The name seems to mean

-&ldquo;it looks at the sun,&rdquo; i. e., &ldquo;sun-gazer,&rdquo; from

-nun&#699;da&#699;, sun, and da&#699;ka na&#699; or detsi&#699;ka na,

-&ldquo;I am looking at it.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Nundawe&#699;gi&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Nundawe&#699;gi.</p>

-<p class="par">Nun&#699;daye li&mdash;&ldquo;Middle (i. e., Noonday)

-sun,&rdquo; from nunda&#699;, <span class="corr" id="xd23e8814" title=

-"Source: sen">sun</span> and aye li, middle; a former Cherokee

-settlement on Nantahala river, near the present Jarrett station, in

-Macon county, N. C., so-called from the high cliffs which shut out the

-view of the sun until nearly noon. The name appears also as Nantahala,

-Nantiyallee, Nuntialla, etc. It appears to have been applied properly

-only to the point on the river where the cliffs are most perpendicular,

-while the settlement itself was known as Kanu&#699;gu la&#699;yi,

-&ldquo;Briertown,&rdquo; q. v.</p>

-<p class="par">Nun&#699;dagun&#699;yi, Nunda&#699;yi&mdash;the Sun

-land, or east; from nun&#699;da&#699;, sun, and yi, locative. Used in

-the sacred formulas instead of di&#699;galungun&#699;yi<span class=

-"corr" id="xd23e8819" title="Source: .">,</span> &ldquo;where it

-rises,&rdquo; the common word. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb245"

-href="#pb245" name="pb245">245</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">nun&#699;gi&mdash;four. See hi&#699;ski.</p>

-<p class="par">nungu la&mdash;see kanugu&#699; la.</p>

-<p class="par">nunna&#699;hi (abbreviated nunna)&mdash;a path, trail or

-road.</p>

-<p class="par">Nunna&#699;hi-dihi&#699; (abbreviated

-Nun&#699;na-dihi&#699;)&mdash;&ldquo;Path-killer,&rdquo; literally,

-&ldquo;he kills (habitually) in the path,&rdquo; from nun&#699;nahi,

-path, and ahihi&#699;, &ldquo;he kills&rdquo; (habitually); &ldquo;I am

-killing,&rdquo; tsi&#699;ihu&#699;. A principal chief, about the year

-1813. Major John Ridge was originally known by the same name, but

-afterward took the name, Gunun&#699;da le&#699;gi, &ldquo;One who

-follows the ridge,&rdquo; which the whites made simply ridge.</p>

-<p class="par">Nunna&#699;hi-tsune&#699;ga (abbreviated)

-Nunna-tsune&#699;ga&mdash;<span class="corr" id="xd23e8833" title=

-"Not in source">&ldquo;</span>white-path,&rdquo; from nunna&#699;hi,

-path, and tsune&#699;ga, plural of une&#699;ga, white; the form is the

-plural, as is common in Indian names, and has probably a symbolic

-reference to the &ldquo;white&rdquo; or peaceful paths spoken of in the

-opening invocation at the green corn dance. A noted chief who led the

-conservative party about 1828.</p>

-<p class="par">Nunne&#699;hi (also Gunne&#699;hi; singular

-Naye&#699;hi)&mdash;a race of invisible spirit people. The name is

-derived from the verb e&#699;hu&#699;, &ldquo;I dwell, I live,&rdquo;

-e&#699;hi&#699;, &ldquo;I dwell habitually,&rdquo; and may be rendered

-&ldquo;dwellers anywhere,&rdquo; or &ldquo;those who live

-anywhere,&rdquo; but implies having always been there, i. e.,

-&ldquo;Immortals.&rdquo; It has been spelled Nanehi and Nuhnayie by

-different writers. The singular form Naye&#699;hi occurs also as a

-personal name, about equivalent to Eda&#699;hi, &ldquo;One who goes

-about.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Nuniyu&#699;sti&mdash;&ldquo;potato-like,<span class=

-"corr" id="xd23e8841" title="Not in source">&rdquo;</span> from

-nu&#699;na, potato, and iyu&#699;sti, like. A flowering vine with

-tuberous root somewhat resembling the potato. <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb246" href="#pb246" name="pb246">246</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Nunyu&#699;&mdash;rock, stone.</p>

-<p class="par">Nunyu&#699;-gunwam&#699;ski&mdash;&ldquo;Rock that

-talks,&rdquo; from nunyu&#699;, rock, and tsiwa&#699;nihu, &ldquo;I am

-talking.&rdquo; A rock from which Talking-rock creek of Coosawatee

-river, in Georgia, derives its name.</p>

-<p class="par">Nun&#699;yunu&#699;wi&mdash;contracted from

-Nunyu-unu&#699;wi. &ldquo;Stone-clad,&rdquo; from nunyu, rock, and

-agwaun&#699;wu, &ldquo;I am clothed or covered.&rdquo; A mythic

-monster, invulnerable by reason of his stony skin. The name is also

-applied sometimes to the stinging ant, dasuntali atatsunski, q. v. It

-has also been spelled Nayunuwi.</p>

-<p class="par">Nunyu&#699;-tlu guni (or Nunyu-tsu

-gun&#699;i)&mdash;&ldquo;Tree-rock,&rdquo; a notable rock on Hiwassee

-river, just within the N. C. line.</p>

-<p class="par">Nunyu&#699;-twi&#699;ska&mdash;&ldquo;Slick rock,&rdquo;

-from nunyu&#699;, rock, and twiska, smooth, slick; the form remains

-unchanged for the locative. 1. Slick-rock creek, entering Little

-Tennessee river just within the west line of Graham county, N. C. 2. A

-place at the extreme head of Brasstown creek of Hiwassee river, in

-Towns county, Ga.</p>

-<p class="par">Ocoee&mdash;see Uwaga&#699;hi.</p>

-<p class="par">Oconaluftee&mdash;see Egwanul ti.</p>

-<p class="par">Oconee&mdash;see Ukwu&#699;nu.</p>

-<p class="par">Oconostota&mdash;see Agansta&#699;ta.</p>

-<p class="par">Old Tassel&mdash;see Utsi&#699;dsata&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Ooltewah&mdash;see Ultiwa&#699;i.</p>

-<p class="par">Oostinaleh&mdash;see U&#699;stana&#699;li.</p>

-<p class="par">Oothealoga&mdash;see Uy&#699;gila&#699;gi.</p>

-<p class="par">Otacite, Otassite&mdash;see Outacity.</p>

-<p class="par">Otari, Otariyatiqui&mdash;mentioned as a place,

-apparently on the Cherokee frontier, visited by Pardo in <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb247" href="#pb247" name=

-"pb247">247</a>]</span>1567. Otari seems to be the Cherokee atari or

-atali, mountain, but the rest of the word is doubtful.</p>

-<p class="par">Ottare&mdash;see a&#699;tali.</p>

-<p class="par">Owasta&mdash;given as the name of a Cherokee chief in

-1684; the form cannot be identified.</p>

-<p class="par">Ougillogy&mdash;see Uy&#699;gila&#699;gi.</p>

-<p class="par">Outacity&mdash;given in documents as the name or title

-of a prominent Cherokee chief about 1720. It appears also as Otacite,

-Ottassite, Outassatah, Wootassite and Wrosetasatow (!), but the form

-cannot be identified, although it seems to contain the personal name

-suffix diha&#699;, &ldquo;killer.&rdquo; Timberlake says: &ldquo;There

-are some other honorary titles among them, conferred in reward of great

-actions; the first of which is Outacity or &ldquo;Man-killer,&rdquo;

-and the second Colona or &ldquo;The Raven.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Outassatah&mdash;see Outacity.</p>

-<p class="par">Owassa&mdash;see Ayuhwa&#699;si.</p>

-<p class="par">Paint-town&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Wa&#699;dihi&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Path-killer&mdash;see Nuna&#699;hi-dihi&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Phoenix, Cherokee&mdash;see

-Tsule&#699;hisanun&#699;hi.</p>

-<p class="par">Pigeon River&mdash;see Wayi.</p>

-<p class="par">Pine Indians&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Na&prime;tsi.</p>

-<p class="par">Pinelog&mdash;see Na ts-asun&#699;tlunyi.</p>

-<p class="par">Qualatchee&mdash;a former Cherokee settlement on the

-headwaters of the Chattahoochee river in Georgia; another of the same

-name was upon the waters of Keowee river in S. C. The correct form is

-unknown.</p>

-<p class="par">Qualla&mdash;see Kwali.</p>

-<p class="par">Quaxule&mdash;see Guaxule. <span class="pagenum">[<a id=

-"pb248" href="#pb248" name="pb248">248</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Quinahaqui&mdash;a place, possibly in the Cherokee

-country, visited by Pardo in 1567. The form cannot be identified.</p>

-<p class="par">Quoneashee&mdash;see Tlanusi&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Rattlesnake Springs&mdash;see Utsanatiyi.</p>

-<p class="par">Rattling-Gourd&mdash;see Ganseti.</p>

-<p class="par">Raventown&mdash;see Kalanun&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Red Clay&mdash;see Elawa&#699;diyi.</p>

-<p class="par">Reid, Jesse&mdash;see Tse&#699;si-Ska&#699;tsi.</p>

-<p class="par">Ridge, Major John&mdash;see

-Nunna&#699;hi-dihi&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Ross, John&mdash;see Gu&#699;wisguwi&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Ross' Landing&mdash;see Tsatanu&#699;gi.</p>

-<p class="par">Sadayi&#699;&mdash;a feminine name, the proper name of

-the woman known to the whites as Annie Ax; it cannot be translated.</p>

-<p class="par">Sagwa&#699;hi, or Sagwun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;One

-place,&rdquo; from sa&#699;gwu, one, and hi or yi, locative. Soco creek

-of Oconaluftee river, on the East Cherokee reservation, in Jackson

-county, N. C. No satisfactory reason is given for the name, which has

-its parallel in Tsaska&#699;hi, &ldquo;Thirty place,&rdquo; a local

-name in Cherokee county, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">sa&#699;gwalt&#699;&mdash;horse; from asagwalihu, a pack

-or burden, asagwal lu&#699;; &ldquo;there is a pack on him.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">sa&#699;gwali digu&#699;lanahi&#699;ta&mdash;mule;

-literally &ldquo;long-eared horse,&rdquo; from sa&#699;gwali, horse,

-and digu&#699;lanahi&#699;ta, q. v.</p>

-<p class="par">saikwa&#699;yi&mdash;bear-grass (<i lang=

-"la">Erynigium</i>) also the greensnake, on account of a fancied

-resemblance; the name of a former Cherokee settlement on Sallacoa creek

-of Coosawatee river, in Gordon county, Ga. <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb249" href="#pb249" name="pb249">249</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Sakwi&#699;yi (or Suki&#699;yi; abbreviated Sakwi&#699;

-or Suki&#699;)&mdash;a former settlement on Soquee river, a head stream

-of Chattahoochee, near Clarksville, Habersham county, Ga. Also written

-Saukee and Sookee. The name has lost its meaning.</p>

-<p class="par">sala&#699;li&mdash;squirrel; the common gray squirrel;

-other varieties are kiyu ga, the ground squirrel, and tewa, the flying

-squirrel; Sala&#699;li was also the name of an East Cherokee inventor

-who died a few years ago; Sala&#699;lani&#699;ta&#699;

-&ldquo;Young-squirrels,&rdquo; is a masculine personal name on the

-reservation.</p>

-<p class="par">saligu&#699;gi&mdash;turtle, the common water turtle;

-soft-shell turtle, u&#699;lana&#699;wa; land tortoise or terrapin,

-tuksi&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Sa&#699;nigila&#699;gi (abbreviated San

-gila&#699;gi)&mdash;Whiteside mountain, a prominent peak of the Blue

-Ridge, southeast from Franklin, Macon county, N. C. It is connected

-with the tradition of Utlun&#699;ta.</p>

-<p class="par">Santeetla&mdash;the present map name of a creek joining

-Cheiwa river in Graham county, N. C., and of a smaller tributary

-(Little Santeetla). The name is not recognized or understood by the

-Cherokee, who insist that it was given by the whites. Little Santeetla

-is known to the Cherokee as Tsundanilti&#699;yi, q. v.; the modern

-Santeetla creek is commonly known as Nayu&#699;higeyun&#699;i,

-&ldquo;Sand-place stream,&rdquo; from &ldquo;Nuyu&#699;hi, &ldquo;Sand

-place&rdquo; (nayu, sand), a former settlement just above the junction

-of the two creeks.</p>

-<p class="par">Sara&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Suwa&#699;li.</p>

-<p class="par">Sa&#699;sa&#699;&mdash;goose; an onomatope.</p>

-<p class="par">Sautee&mdash;see Itsa&#699;ti.</p>

-<p class="par">Savannah&mdash;the popular name of this river is derived

-from that of the Shawano Indians, formerly living upon its middle

-course, and known to the Cherokee as <span class="pagenum">[<a id=

-"pb250" href="#pb250" name=

-"pb250">250</a>]</span>Ani&#699;Swanu&#699;gi, q. v., to the Creeks as

-Savanuka, and to some of the coast tribes of Carolina as Savanna. In

-old documents the river is also called Isundiga, from Isu&#699;nigu or

-Seneca, q. v., an important former Cherokee settlement upon its upper

-waters.</p>

-<p class="par">Sawanu&#699;gi&mdash;&ldquo;Shawano&rdquo; (Indian); a

-masculine personal name upon the East Cherokee reservation and

-prominent in the history of the band. See Ani&#699;Sawanu&#699;gi and

-Ka&#699;lahu&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Sawnook&mdash;see Ka&#699;lahu&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Sehwate&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Hornet place,&rdquo; from

-se&#699;hwatu, hornet, and yi, locative. Cheowa Maximum and Swim Bald,

-adjoining bald peaks at the head of Cheowa river, Graham county, N.

-C.</p>

-<p class="par">selu&mdash;corn; sometimes called in the sacred formulas

-Agawe&#699;la, &ldquo;The Old Woman.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">sel-utsi&#699; (for

-selu-utsi&#699;)&mdash;&ldquo;corn&rsquo;s mother,&rdquo; from selu,

-corn, and utsi&#699;, his mother (etsi&#699; or agitsi&#699;, my

-mother); the bead-corn or Job&rsquo;s-tears (<i lang="la">Coix

-lacryma</i><span class="corr" id="xd23e8979" title=

-"Source: .)">).</span></p>

-<p class="par">Seneca&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Nun&#699;dawe&#699;gi (Seneca

-tribe), and Isu&#699;nigu. (Seneca town.)</p>

-<p class="par">Sequatchee&mdash;see Si&#699;gwetsi&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Sequoya&mdash;see Sikwayi.</p>

-<p class="par">Setsi&mdash;a mound and traditional Cherokee settlement

-on the south side of the Valley river, about three miles below

-Valleytown, in Cherokee county, N. C.; the name has lost its meaning. A

-settlement called Tasetsi (Tassetchie in some old documents) existed on

-the extreme head of Hiwassee river, in Towns county, Ga.</p>

-<p class="par">Sevier&mdash;see Tsan&#699;-usdi&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Shoe-boots&mdash;see Da&#699;si giya&#699;gi.

-<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb251" href="#pb251" name=

-"pb251">251</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Shooting creek&mdash;see Du&#699;stayalun&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Si&#699;gwetsi&#699;&mdash;a traditional Cherokee

-settlement on the south bank of French Broad river, not far from

-Knoxville, Knox county, Tenn. Near by was the quarry from which it is

-said the stone for the white peace pipes was obtained. Swquatchee, the

-name of the river below Chattanooga, in Tenn., is probably a corruption

-of the same word.</p>

-<p class="par">si&#699;dwa&mdash;hog; originally the name of the

-opossum, now distinguished as si&#699;kwa utset&#699;sti, q. v.</p>

-<p class="par">si&#699;kwa utset&#699;sti&mdash;opossum; literally

-&ldquo;grinning hog,&rdquo; from si&#699;kwa, hog, and utset&#699;sti,

-&ldquo;he grins&rdquo; (habitually).</p>

-<p class="par">Sikwa&#699;yi&mdash;a masculine name, commonly written

-Sequoya, made famous as that of the inventor of the Cherokee alphabet.

-The name, which cannot be translated, is still in use upon the East

-Cherokee reservation.</p>

-<p class="par">Sikwi&#699;a&mdash;a masculine name, the Cherokee

-corruption for Sevier. See also Tsan-usdi&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">sinnawah&mdash;see tla&#699;nuwa.</p>

-<p class="par">Si&#699;tiku&#699; (or su&#699;tagu&#699;, in dialectic

-form)&mdash;a former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river, at

-the entrance of Citico creek, in Monroe county, Tenn. The name, which

-cannot be translated, is commonly spelled Citico, but appears also as

-Sattiquo<span class="corr" id="xd23e9012" title="Source: .">,</span>

-Settico, Settacoo, Sette, Sittiquo, etc.</p>

-<p class="par">siyu&#699;&mdash;see a&#699;siyu&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">skinta&#699;&mdash;for skin&#699;tagu&#699;, understood

-to mean &ldquo;put a new tooth into my jaw.&rdquo; The word cannot be

-analyzed, but is derived from gantka&#699; (ganta ga in a dialectic

-form) a tooth in place; a tooth detached is kayu ga.</p>

-<p class="par">Skwan&#699;-digu gun&#699;yi (for Askwan&#699;-digu

-gun&#699;yi<span class="corr" id="xd23e9022" title=

-"Not in source">)</span>&mdash;&ldquo;where the Spaniard is in the

-water&rdquo; (or other liquid). A place on Upper Soco creek, on the

-reservation in Jackson county, N. C. <span class="pagenum">[<a id=

-"pb252" href="#pb252" name="pb252">252</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Slick Rock&mdash;see Nunyu&#699;tawi&#699;ska.</p>

-<p class="par">Smith, N. J.&mdash;see Tsaladihi&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Snowbird&mdash;see Tuti&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Soco creek&mdash;see Sagwa&#699;hi.</p>

-<p class="par">Soco Gap&mdash;see Ahalu&#699;na.</p>

-<p class="par">Soquee&mdash;see Sakwi&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Spray, H. W.&mdash;see Wilsini&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">spring-frog&mdash;see Du&#699;stu&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Standing Indian&mdash;see Yunwi-tsulenun&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Stand Watie&mdash;see De&#699;gataga.</p>

-<p class="par">Stekoa&mdash;see Stika&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">ste&#699;tsi&mdash;&ldquo;your daughter&rdquo;;

-literally, &ldquo;your offspring&rdquo;; agwe&#699;tsi, &ldquo;my

-offspring&rdquo;; uwe&#699;tsi, &ldquo;his offspring&rdquo;; to

-distinguish sex it is necessary to add asga&#699;ya, &ldquo;man&rdquo;

-or age&#699;hya, &ldquo;woman.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Stika&#699;yi (variously spelled Stecoe, Steecoy,

-Stekoah, Stickoey, etc.)&mdash;the name of several former Cherokee

-settlements: 1. Sticoa creek, near Clayton, Babun county, Ga.; 2. on

-Tuckasegee river at the old Thomas homestead just above the present

-Whittier, in Swain county, N. C.; 3. on Stekoa creek of Little

-Tennessee river, a few miles below the junction of Nantahala, in Graham

-county, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">Stringfield&mdash;see Tlage&#699;si.</p>

-<p class="par">stugi&#699;sti, stui&#699;ski&mdash;a key.</p>

-<p class="par">Suck, The&mdash;see Un&#699;tiguhi&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Sugartown&mdash;see Kulse&#699;tsi&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">su&#699;nawa&#699;&mdash;see tla&#699;nuwa.</p>

-<p class="par">sunestla&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;split noses&rdquo;; see

-tsunu liyu&#699; sunestla&#699;ta.</p>

-<p class="par">sungi&mdash;mink; also onion; the name seems to refer to

-a smell; the various minks are called generically, gaw sun&#699;gi.</p>

-<p class="par">Suki&#699;yi&mdash;another form of Sakwi&#699;yi, q.

-v.</p>

-<p class="par">su&#699;li&#699;&mdash;buzzard; the Creek name is the

-same. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb253" href="#pb253" name=

-"pb253">253</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Sun Land&mdash;see Nunda&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">su&#699;sa&#699;-sai&#699;&mdash;an unmeaning song

-refrain.</p>

-<p class="par">su&#699;talidihi&#699;&mdash;see nun&#699;da&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Suwa&#699;li-nunna&#699;hi (abbreviated

-Suwa&#699;li-nunna&#699;hi)&mdash;&ldquo;Suwali train,&rdquo; the

-proper name for the gap at the head of Swannanoa (from

-Suwa&#699;li-Nun&#699;na&#699;) river east of Asheville, in Buncombe

-county, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">Suwa&#699;ni&mdash;a former Cherokee settlement on

-Chattahoochee river, about the present Suwanee, in Gwinnett county, Ga.

-The name has no meaning in the Cherokee language and is said to be of

-Creek origin.</p>

-<p class="par">Suye&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;the Chosen One,&rdquo; from

-asuye&#699;ta, &ldquo;he is chosen,&rdquo; gasu&#699;yeu, &ldquo;I am

-choosing&rdquo;; the same form, suye&#699;ta, could also mean mixed,

-from gasu&#699;yahu, &ldquo;I am mixing it.&rdquo; A masculine name at

-present borne by a prominent ex-chief and informant upon the East

-Cherokee reservation.</p>

-<p class="par">Swannanoa&mdash;see Wuwa&#699;li-nunna&#699;hi.</p>

-<p class="par">Swim Bald&mdash;see Sehwate&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Swimmer&mdash;see Ayun&#699;ini.</p>

-<p class="par">tadeya&#699;statakuhi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;we shall see

-each other.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Tae-keo-ge&mdash;see Ta ski&#699;gi.</p>

-<p class="par">ta&#699;gu&mdash;the June-bug (<i lang="la">Allorhina

-nitida</i>), also called tuya-diskalaw tsiski, &ldquo;one who keeps

-fire under the beans.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Ta&#699;gwa&mdash;see Ani&#699;ta&#699;gwa.</p>

-<p class="par">Ta&#699;gwadihi&#699; (abbreviated

-Ta&#699;gwadi&#699;)&mdash;&ldquo;Catawba-killer,&rdquo; from

-Ata&#699;gwa or Ta&#699;gwa, <span class="corr" id="xd23e9105" title=

-"Not in source">&ldquo;</span>Cattawba Indian,<span class="corr" id=

-"xd23e9108" title="Not in source">&rdquo;</span> and dihihi&#699;,

-&ldquo;he kills them&rdquo; (habitually), from tsi&#699;ihu&#699;.

-&ldquo;I kill.&rdquo; An old masculine name, still in use upon the East

-Cherokee reservation. It was the proper name of the chief known to the

-whites about 1790 <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb254" href="#pb254"

-name="pb254">254</a>]</span>as &ldquo;The Glass,&rdquo; from a

-confusion of this name with adake&#699;ti, glass, or mirror.</p>

-<p class="par">Tagwa&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Catawba place,&rdquo; from

-Ata&#699;gwa or Ta&#699;gwa, Catawba Indian, and hi, locative. A name

-occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country. A settlement

-of this name, known to the whites as Toccoa, was upon Toccoa creek,

-east of Clarksville, in Habersham county, Ga.; another was upon Toccoa

-or Ocoee river, about the present Toccoa, in Fannin county, Ga.; a

-third may have been on Persimmon creek, which is known to the Cherokee

-as Tagwa&#699;hi, and enters Hiwassee river some distance below Murphy,

-in Cherokee county, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">Tahkeyostee&mdash;see Unta&#699;kiyasti&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Tahlequah&mdash;see Talikwa&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Tahchee&mdash;see Talikwa&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Takatoka&mdash;see De&#699;gata&#699;ga.</p>

-<p class="par">ta&#699;ladu&#699; (abbreviated

-taldu&#699;)&mdash;twelve, from ta&#699;li, two. Cf. tala&#699;tu,

-cricket.</p>

-<p class="par">Ta&#699;lasi&#699;&mdash;a former Cherokee settlement on

-Little Tennessee river about Talassee ford, in Blount county, Tenn. The

-name has lost its meaning.</p>

-<p class="par">Talassee&mdash;see Ta&#699;lasi&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">tala&#699;tu&mdash;cricket; sometimes also called

-dita&#699;staye&#699;ski (q. v.), &ldquo;the barber.&rdquo; Cf.

-ta&#699;ladu&#699;, twelve.</p>

-<p class="par">Tale&#699;danigi&#699;ski (Utale&#699;danigi&#699;si in

-a dialectic form)&mdash;variously rendered by the whites

-&ldquo;Hemp-carrier,&rdquo; &ldquo;Nettle-carrier&rdquo; or

-&ldquo;flax-toter,&rdquo; from tale&#699;ta or utale&#699;ta, flax

-(<i lang="la">Linum</i>) or richweed (<i lang="la">Pilea pumila</i>),

-and danigi&#699;ski, &ldquo;he carries them&rdquo; (habitually). A

-former prominent chief on Valley river, in Cherokee county, North

-Carolina.</p>

-<p class="par">Talihina&mdash;given as the name of the Cherokee wife of

-Samuel Houston; the form cannot be identified. <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb255" href="#pb255" name="pb255">255</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Talikwa&#699; (commonly written Tellico, Teliquo or, in

-the Indian Territory, Tahlequah)&mdash;the name of several Cherokee

-settlements at different periods, viz.: 1. Great Tellico, at Tellico

-Plains, on Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tenn.; 2. Little Tellico,

-on Tellico creek of Little Tennessee river, about ten miles below

-Franklin, Macon county, N. C. 3. a town on Valley river, about five

-miles above Murphy, in Cherokee county, N. C.; 4. Tahlequah,

-established as the capital of the Cherokee Nation, Ind. Ter., in 1839.

-The meaning of the name is lost.</p>

-<p class="par">Tali&#699;wa&mdash;the site of a traditional battle

-between the Cherokee and Creeks about 1755, on Mountain (?) creek of

-Etowah river in upper Georgia. Probably not a Cherokee but a Creek name

-from the Creek ta&#699;lua or ita&#699;lua, town.</p>

-<p class="par">Talking-rock&mdash;see Nunyu-gunwani&#699;ski.</p>

-<p class="par">Tallulah&mdash;see Talulu&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Tal-tsu&#699;ska&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Two-heads,&rdquo;

-from ta&#699;li, two, and tsu&#699;ska&#699;, plural of uska&#699;,

-(his) head. A Cherokee chief about the year 1800, known to the whites

-as Doublehead.</p>

-<p class="par">taluli&mdash;pregnant; whence aluli&#699;, (she is)

-&ldquo;a mother,&rdquo; said of a woman.</p>

-<p class="par">Talulu&#699; (commonly Tallulah, and appearing in old

-documents, from the Lower dialect, as Taruraw, Toruro, Turoree,

-etc.)&mdash;a name occurring in two or more places in the old Cherokee

-country, viz.: 1. An ancient settlement on the upper part of Tallulah

-river, in Rabun county, Georgia; 2. a town on Tallulah creek of Cheowa

-river, in Graham county, N. C. The word is of uncertain etymology. The

-dulu&#699;si frog is said to cry talulu&#699;. The noted <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb256" href="#pb256" name=

-"pb256">256</a>]</span>falls upon Tallulah river are known to the

-Cherokee as Ugun&#699;yi, q. v.</p>

-<p class="par">Taluntiski&mdash;see Ata&#699;lunti&#699;ski.</p>

-<p class="par">Tama&#699;li&mdash;a name, commonly written Tomotley or

-Tomatola, occurring in at least two places in the old Cherokee country,

-viz.: 1. On Valley river, a few miles above Murphy, about the present

-Tomatola, in Cherokee county, N. C. 2. on Little Tennessee river, about

-Tomotley ford, a few miles above Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tenn.

-The name cannot be translated, and may be of Creek origin, as that

-tribe had a town of the same name upon the lower Chattahoochee

-river.</p>

-<p class="par">Tanasi&#699;&mdash;a name which cannot be analyzed,

-commonly spelled Tennessee, occurring in several places in the old

-Cherokee country, viz.: 1. On Little Tennessee river about half-way

-between Citico and Toco creeks, in Monroe county, Tenn. 2. &ldquo;Old

-Tennessee town,&rdquo; on Hiwassee river, a short distance above the

-junction of Ocoee, in Polk county, Tenn. 3. On Tennessee creek, a

-head-stream of Tuckasegee river, in Jackson county, N. C. Tanasqui,

-visited by Pardo in 1567, may have been another place of the same

-name.</p>

-<p class="par">Tanasqui&mdash;see Tanasi&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Ta&#699;ski&#699;gi (abbreviated from

-Ta&#699;skigi&#699;yi or Da&#699;skigi&#699;yi, the locative yi being

-commonly omitted)&mdash;a name variously written Tae-keo-ge (misprint),

-Tasquiqui, Teeskege, Tuscagee, Tuskegee, etc., derived from that of a

-foreign tribe incorporated with the Cherokee, and occurring as a local

-name both in the Cherokee and in the Creek country. 1. The principal

-settlement of this name was on Little Tennessee river, just above the

-junction of <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb257" href="#pb257" name=

-"pb257">257</a>]</span>Tellico, in Monroe county, Tenn.; 2. another was

-on the north bank of Tennessee river, just below Chattanooga,

-Tennessee; 3. another may have been on Tuskegee creek of Little

-Tennessee river, near Robbinsville, Graham county, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">Tasquiqui&mdash;see Ta&#699;ski&#699;gi.</p>

-<p class="par">Tassel, Old&mdash;see Utsi&#699;dsata&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Tatsi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Dutch,&rdquo; also written

-Tahchee, a western Cherokee chief about 1830.</p>

-<p class="par">Tatsu&#699;hwa&mdash;the redbird.</p>

-<p class="par">tawa&#699;li&mdash;punk.</p>

-<p class="par">

-Tawa&#699;li-ukwanun&#699;ti&mdash;&ldquo;Punk-plugged-in,&rdquo; from

-tawa&#699;li, punk; the Cherokee name of a traditional Shawano

-chief.</p>

-<p class="par">tawi&#699;ska, tawi&#699;skage&mdash;smooth, slick.</p>

-<p class="par">Tawi&#699;skala&mdash;&ldquo;Flint&rdquo;; a Cherokee

-supernatural, the personification of the rock flint;

-tawi&#699;skalun&#699;ti, <span class="corr" id="xd23e9189" title=

-"Source: tawi-skala">tawi&#699;skala</span>, flint, from tawi&#699;ska,

-smooth, slick; cf. Iroquois Tawiskaron.</p>

-<p class="par">Tayunksi&mdash;a traditional western tribe; the name

-cannot be analyzed.</p>

-<p class="par">Tellico&mdash;see Talikwa&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">telun&#699;lati&mdash;the summer grape (<i lang=

-"la">Vitis aestivalis</i>).</p>

-<p class="par">Tenaswattee&mdash;see Ku&#699;saweti&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Terrapin&mdash;see Tuksi&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">tewa&mdash;a flying squirrel; sala&#699;li, gray

-squirrel; kiyu ga, ground squirrel.</p>

-<p class="par">Thomas, W. H.&mdash;see Wil-usdi&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Tikwali&#699;tsi&mdash;a name occurring in several

-places in the old Cherokee country, viz.: 1. Tuckalegee creek, a

-tributary of War-Woman creek, east of Clayton, in Rabun county, Ga.; 2.

-the Tikiwali&#699;tsi of the story, an important town on Tuckasegee

-river at the present Bryson <span class="corr" id="xd23e9211" title=

-"Source: city">City</span>, in Swain county, N. C. <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb258" href="#pb258" name="pb258">258</a>]</span>3.

-Tuckalechee cove, on Little river, in Blount county, Tenn., which

-probably preserves the aboriginal local name. The name appears in old

-documents as Tuckarechee (Lower dialect) and Tuckalegee, and must not

-be confounded with Tsiksi&#699;tsi or Tuckasegee. It cannot be

-translated.</p>

-<p class="par">Timossy&mdash;see Tomassee.</p>

-<p class="par">Tlage&#699;si&mdash;&ldquo;Field&rdquo;; the Cherokee

-name for Lieutenant-Colonel W. W. Stringfield of Waynesville, N. C.,

-one of the officers of the Cherokee contingent in the Thomas Legion. It

-is an abbreviated rendering of his proper name.</p>

-<p class="par">tlage&#699;situn&#699;&mdash;a song form for

-tlage&#699;sia-stun&#699;i, &ldquo;on the edge of the field,&rdquo;

-from a stream.</p>

-<p class="par">tla&#699;meha&mdash;bat (dialectic forms, tsa&#699;meha,

-tsa&#699;weha).</p>

-<p class="par">tlanu&#699;si&#699;&mdash;leech (dialectic form,

-tsanu&#699;si&#699;).</p>

-<p class="par">Tlanusi&#699;yi (abbreviated

-Tlanusi&#699;)&mdash;&ldquo;Leech place,&rdquo; former important

-settlement at the junction of Hiwassee and Valley river, the present

-site of Murphy, in Cherokee county, N. C.; also a point on Nottely

-river, a few miles distant, in the same county. The name appears also

-as Clennuse, Klausuna, Quoneashee, etc.</p>

-<p class="par">tla&#699;nuwa (dialetic forms, tsa&#699;nuwa&#699;,

-su&#699;nawa&#699;, &ldquo;sinnawah&rdquo;<span class="corr" id=

-"xd23e9231" title="Not in source">)</span>&mdash;a mythic great

-hawk.</p>

-<p class="par">tla&#699;nuwa&#699;usdi&mdash;&ldquo;little

-tla&#699;nuwa&#699;&rdquo;; probably the goshawk (<i lang="la">Astur

-atricapillus</i>).</p>

-<p class="par">Tla&#699;nuwa&#699;atsi

-Yelun&#699;isun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where the Tla&#699;nuwa cut it

-up,&rdquo; from tla&#699;nuwa&#699;, q. v., and

-tsiyelun&#699;isku&#699;, an archaic form for

-tsigunilun&#699;isku&#699;, &ldquo;I am cutting it up.&rdquo; A place

-on Little Tennessee river, nearly opposite the entrance of Citico

-creek, in Blount county, Tenn. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb259"

-href="#pb259" name="pb259">259</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Tla&#699;nuwa&#699;i&mdash;&ldquo;Tla&#699;nuwa

-place,&rdquo; a cave on the north side of Tennessee river, a short

-distance below the entrance of Citico creek, in Blount county,

-Tenn.</p>

-<p class="par">tlayku&#699;&mdash;jay (dialectic form,

-tsayku&#699;).</p>

-<p class="par">tlunti&#699;sti&mdash;the pheasant (<i lang="la">Bonasa

-umbella</i>), called locally grouse or partridge.</p>

-<p class="par">tluntu&#699;tsi&mdash;panther (dialectic form,

-tsuntu&#699;ski).</p>

-<p class="par">tlutlu&#699;&mdash;the martin bird (dialectic form,

-tsutsu&#699;).</p>

-<p class="par">Tocax&mdash;a place, apparently in the Cherokee country,

-visited by Pardo in 1567. It may possibly have a connection with

-Toxaway (see Duksa&#699;i) or Toccoa (see Tagwa&#699;hi).</p>

-<p class="par">Toccoa&mdash;see Tagwa&#699;hi.</p>

-<p class="par">Toco&mdash;see Dakwa&#699;i.</p>

-<p class="par">Tollunteeskee&mdash;see Ata&#699;lunti&#699;ski.</p>

-<p class="par">Tomassee (also written Timossy and Tymahse)&mdash;the

-name of two or more former Cherokee settlements, viz.: 1. On Tomassee

-creek of Keowee river, in Oconee county, S. C.; 2. On Little Tennessee

-river, near the entrance of Burningtown creek, in Macon county, N. C.

-The correct form and interpretation are unknown.</p>

-<p class="par">Tomatola, Tomotley&mdash;see Tama&#699;li.</p>

-<p class="par">Tooantuh&mdash;see Du&#699;stu&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Toogelah&mdash;see Dugilu&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Toqua&mdash;see Dakwa&#699;i.</p>

-<p class="par">Toxaway&mdash;see Dukas&#699;i.</p>

-<p class="par">Track Rock gap&mdash;see

-Datsu&#699;nalasgun&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsaga&#699;si&mdash;a Cherokee sprite.</p>

-<p class="par">tsa&#699;gi&mdash;upstream, up the road; the converse of

-ge&#699;i.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsaiyi&#699;&mdash;see Untsaiyi&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsa&#699;ladihi&#699;&mdash;Chief N. J. Smith of the

-East Cherokee. The name might be rendered &ldquo;Charley-killer,&rdquo;

-from Tsali, &ldquo;Charley,&rdquo; and dihi&#699;, &ldquo;killer&rdquo;

-(in composition), <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb260" href="#pb260"

-name="pb260">260</a>]</span>but is really a Cherokee equivalent for

-Jarrett (Tsaladi&#699;), his middle name, by which he was frequently

-addressed. Cf. Tagwadihi.</p>

-<p class="par">tsal-agayun&#699;li&mdash;&ldquo;old tobacco,&rdquo;

-from tsalu, tobacco, and agayun&#699;li or agayun&#699;lige, old,

-ancient; the <i lang="la"><span class="corr" id="xd23e9292" title=

-"Source: Nicoliana">Nicotiana</span> rustica</i> or wild tobacco.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsa&#699;lagi&#699; (Tsa&#699;ragi&#699; in Lower

-dialect)&mdash;the correct form of Cherokee.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsa&#699;li&mdash;Charley; a Cherokee shot for resisting

-the troops at the time of Removal.</p>

-<p class="par">tsaliyu&#699;sti&mdash;&ldquo;tobacco-like,&rdquo; from

-tsalu, tobacco, and iyu&#699;sti, like; a generic name for the

-cardinal-flower, mullein and related species.</p>

-<p class="par">tsalu or tsalun (in the Lower dialect,

-tsaru)&mdash;tobacco; by comparison with kindred forms the other

-Iroquoian dialects the meaning &ldquo;fire to hold in the mouth&rdquo;

-seems to be indicated. Lanman spells it tso-lungh.</p>

-<p class="par">tsameha&mdash;see tla&#699;meha.</p>

-<p class="par">tsa&#699;nadiska&#699;&mdash;for tsandiskai&#699;,

-&ldquo;they say.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">tsana&#699;seha&#699;i&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;so they

-say,&rdquo; &ldquo;they say about him.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">tsane&#699;ni&mdash;the scorpion lizard; also called

-gi&#699;ga-danegi&#699;ski, q. v.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsani&mdash;John.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsantawu&#699;&mdash;a masculine name which cannot be

-analyzed.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsan-uga&#699;sita&mdash;&ldquo;Sour John&rdquo;; the

-Cherokee name for General John Sevier, and also the boy name of the

-Chief John Ross, afterward known as Gu&#699;wisguwi&#699;, q. v.

-Sikwi&#699;a, a Cherokee attempt at &ldquo;Sevier,&rdquo; is a

-masculine name upon the East Cherokee reservation.</p>

-<p class="par">tsanu&#699;si&#699;&mdash;see tlanu&#699;si&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">tsa&#699;nuwa&#699;&mdash;see tla&#699;nuwa&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsa&#699;ragi&#699;&mdash;Cherokee. <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb261" href="#pb261" name="pb261">261</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">tsaru&mdash;see tsalu.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsasta&#699;wi&mdash;a noted hunter formerly living upon

-<span class="corr" id="xd23e9331" title=

-"Source: Nanatahala">Nantahala</span> river, in Macon county, North

-Carolina; the meaning of the name is doubtful.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsatanu&#699;gi (commonly spelled Chattanooga)&mdash;the

-Cherokee name for some point upon the creek entering Tennessee river at

-the city of Chattanooga, in Hamilton county, Tennessee. It has no

-meaning in the Cherokee language and appears to be of foreign origin.

-The ancient name for the site of the present city is Atla&#699;nuwa, q.

-v. Before the establishment of the town the place was known to the

-whites as Ross' landing, from a store kept there by Lewis Ross, brother

-of the chief, John Ross.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsatu&#699;gi (commonly written Chattooga or

-Chatuga)&mdash;a name occurring in two or three places in the old

-Cherokee country, but apparently of foreign origin. Possible Cherokee

-derivations are from words signifying respectively &ldquo;he drank by

-sips,&rdquo; from gatu&#699;gia&#699;, &ldquo;I sip,&rdquo; or

-&ldquo;he has crossed the stream and come out upon the other

-side,&rdquo; from gatu&#699;gi, &ldquo;I have crossed,&rdquo; etc. An

-ancient settlement of this name was on Chattooga river, a headstream of

-Savannah river, on the boundary between South Carolina and Georgia;

-another appears to have been on upper Tellico river, in Monroe county,

-Tennessee; another may have been on Chattooga river, a tributary of the

-Coosa, in northwestern Georgia.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsa&#699;wa Gakski&mdash;Joe Smoker, from Tsawa,

-&ldquo;Joe,&rdquo; and gakski, &ldquo;smoker,&rdquo; from

-ga&#699;gisku, &ldquo;I am smoking.&rdquo; The Cherokee name for Chief

-Joel B. Mayes, of the Cherokee Nation west. <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb262" href="#pb262" name="pb262">262</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Tsawa&#699;si&mdash;a Cherokee sprite.</p>

-<p class="par">tsa&#699;weha&mdash;see tla&#699;meha.</p>

-<p class="par">tsay ku&#699;&mdash;see tlay ku&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsek&#699;sini&#699;&mdash;a Cherokee form for the name

-of General Andrew Jackson.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsesa&#699;ni&mdash;Jessan, probably a derivative from

-Jesse; a masculine name upon the East Cherokee reservation.</p>

-<p class="par">Tse&#699;si-Ska&#699;tsi&mdash;&ldquo;Scotch

-Jesse&rdquo;; Jesse Reid, present chief of the East Cherokee, so-called

-because of mixed Scotch ancestry.</p>

-<p class="par">tsetsani&#699;li&mdash;&ldquo;thy two elder

-brothers&rdquo; (male speaking); &ldquo;my elder brother&rdquo; (male

-speaking), ungini&#699;li.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsgagun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Insect place,&rdquo; from

-tsgaya, insect, and yi, locative. A cave in the ridge eastward from

-Franklin, in Macon county, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">tsgaya&mdash;insect, worm, etc.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsikama&#699;gi&mdash;a name, commonly spelled

-Chickamauga, occurring in at least two places in the old Cherokee

-country, which has lost any meaning in Cherokee and appears to be of

-foreign origin. It is applied to a small creek at the head of

-Chattahoochee river, in White county, Ga., and also to the district

-about the southern (not the northern) Chickamauga creek, coming into

-Tennessee river, a few miles above Chattanooga, in Hamilton county,

-Tenn. In 1777, the more hostile portion of the Cherokee withdrew from

-the rest of the tribe, and established here a large settlement, from

-which they removed about five years later to settle lower down the

-Tennessee, in what were known as the Chickamauga towns or Five Lower

-towns. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb263" href="#pb263" name=

-"pb263">263</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">tsiki&#699;&mdash;a word which renders emphatic that

-which it follows: as a&#699;stu, &ldquo;very good,&rdquo; astu&#699;

-tsiki, &ldquo;best of all.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">tsikiki&#699;&mdash;the katydid; the name is an

-onomatope.</p>

-<p class="par">tsi&#699;kilili&#699;&mdash;the Carolina chickadee

-(<i lang="la">Parus carolinensis</i>); the name is an onomatope.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsiksi&#699;tsi (Tuksi&#699;tsi is dialectic form;

-commonly written Tuckasegee)&mdash;1. a former Cherokee settlement

-about the junction of the two forks of Tuckasegee, above Webster, in

-Jackson county, N. C. (not to be confounded with Tikwali&#699;tsi, q.

-v.). 2. A former settlement on a branch of Brasstown creek of Hiwassee

-river, in Towns county, Ga. The word has lost its meaning.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsi&#699;nawi&mdash;a Cherokee wheelwright, perhaps the

-first in the Nation to make a spinning-wheel and loom. The name cannot

-be analyzed.</p>

-<p class="par">tsine&#699;u&mdash;&ldquo;I am picking it (something

-long) up&rdquo;; in the Lower and Middle dialects, tsinigi&#699;u.</p>

-<p class="par">tsinigi&#699;u&mdash;see tsine&#699;u.</p>

-<p class="par">tsiska&#699;gili&mdash;the large red crawfish; the

-ordinary crawfish is called tsistu&#699;na.</p>

-<p class="par">tsi&#699;skwa&mdash;bird.</p>

-<p class="par">tsiskwa&#699;gwa&mdash;robin, from tsi&#699;skwa,

-bird.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsiskwa&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Bird place,&rdquo; from

-tsi&#699;skwa, bird, and hi, locative. Birdtown settlement on the East

-Cherokee reservation, in Swain county, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">tsiskwa&#699;ya&mdash;sparrow, literally

-&ldquo;principal bird&rdquo; (i. e., most widely distributed), from

-tsi&#699;skwa, bird, and ya, a suffix denoting principal or real.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsiskwunsdi&#699;adsisti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where they

-killed Little-bird,&rdquo; from Tsiskwunsdi, &ldquo;little birds&rdquo;

-(plural form.) A place near the head of West Buffalo creek, southeast

-of Robbinsville, in Graham county, N. C. <span class="pagenum">[<a id=

-"pb264" href="#pb264" name="pb264">264</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Tsilalu&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Sweet-gum place,&rdquo;

-from tsila&#699;lu&#699;, sweet gum (<i lang="la">Liquidambar</i>) and

-hi, locative. A former settlement on a small branch of Brasstown creek

-of Hiwassee river, just within the line of Towns county, Ga. The name

-is incorrectly rendered Gum-log (creek).</p>

-<p class="par">Tsistetsi&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Mouse place,&rdquo; from

-tsistetsi, mouse, and yi, locative. A former settlement on South Mouse

-creek, of Hiwassee river, in Bradley county, Tenn. The present town of

-Cleveland, upon the same creek, is known to the Cherokee under the same

-name.</p>

-<p class="par">tsist-imo &#699;gosto&mdash;&ldquo;rabbit foods&rdquo;

-(plural), from tsi&#699;stu, rabbit, and uni&#699;gisti, plural of

-agi&#699;sti, food, from tsiyi&#699;giu &ldquo;I am eating&rdquo; (soft

-food). The wild rose.</p>

-<p class="par">tsistu&mdash;rabbit.</p>

-<p class="par">tsistu&#699;na&mdash;crawfish; the large-horned beetle

-is also so called. The large red crawfish is called

-tsiska&#699;gili.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsistu&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Rabbit place,&rdquo; from

-tsistu, rabbit, and yi, locative. 1. Gregory bald, high peak of the

-Great Smoky range, eastward from Little Tennessee river, on the

-boundary between Swain county, N. C., and Blount county, Tenn. 2. A

-former settlement on the north bank of Hiwassee river at the entrance

-of Chestua creek, in Polk county, Tenn, The name of Choastea creek of

-Tugaloo river, in Oconee county, S. C., is probably also a corruption

-from the same word.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsiya&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Otter place,&rdquo; from

-tsiyu, otter, and yi, locative; variously spelled Cheowa, Cheeowhee,

-Chewohe, Chewe, etc. 1. A former settlement on a branch of Keowee

-river, near the present Cheohee, Oconee county, S. C. 2. A former and

-<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb265" href="#pb265" name=

-"pb265">265</a>]</span>still existing Cherokee settlement on Cheowa

-river, about Robbinsville, in Graham county, N. C. 3. A former

-settlement in Cades Cove, on Cove creek, in Blount county, Tenn.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsi&#699;yi-gunsi&#699;ni&mdash;&ldquo;He is dragging a

-canoe,&rdquo; from tsi&#699;yu, canoe (cf. tsi&#699;yu) otter, and

-gunsi&#699;ni, &ldquo;he is dragging it.&rdquo; &ldquo;Dragging

-Canoe,&rdquo; a prominent leader of the hostile Cherokee in the

-Revolution. The name appears in documents as Cheucunsene and

-Kunnesee.</p>

-<p class="par">Tskil-e&#699;gwa&mdash;&ldquo;Big-witch,&rdquo; from

-atsikili&#699;, or tskilu&#699;, witch, owl, and e&#699;gwa, big; an

-old man of the East Cherokee, who died in 1896. Although translated

-Big-witch by the whites, the name is understood by the Indians to mean

-Big-owl, having been originally applied to a white man living on the

-same clearing, and noted for his large staring eyes.</p>

-<p class="par"><span class="corr" id="xd23e9419" title=

-"Source: tskili'">tskili&#699;</span> (contracted from

-atskili&#699;)&mdash;1. witch; 2. the dusky-horned owl (<i lang=

-"la">Bubo virginianus saturatus</i>).</p>

-<p class="par">tskwa&#699;yi&mdash;the great white heron or American

-egret. (<i lang="la">Herodias egretta</i>).</p>

-<p class="par">Tsolungh&mdash;see tsalu.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsuda&#699;ye lun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Isolated

-place&rdquo;; an isolated peak near the head of Cheowa river, northeast

-of Robbinsville, in Graham county, N. C. The root of the word signifies

-detached, or isolated, whence Uda&#699;ye lun&#699;yi, the Cherokee

-outlet, in Ind. Ter.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsunda&#699;talesun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where pieces

-fall off,&rdquo; i. e., where the banks are caving in; from

-adatale&#699;i, &ldquo;it is falling off,&rdquo; ts, distance prefix,

-&ldquo;there,&rdquo; and yi, locative. The Cherokee name for the

-present site of Memphis, Tenn., overlooking the Mississippi and

-formerly known as the Chickasaw bluff. <span class="pagenum">[<a id=

-"pb266" href="#pb266" name="pb266">266</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Tsu&#699;dinunti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Throwing-down

-place&rdquo;; a former settlement on lower Nantahala river, in Macon

-county, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsugidu&#699;li ulsgi&#699;sti (from tsugidu&#699;li,

-plural of ugiduli, one of the long wing or tail feathers of a bird, and

-ulsgi&#699;sti or ulsgi&#699;ta, a dance)&mdash;the feather or eagle

-dance.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsukilunnun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Where he

-alighted&rdquo;; two bald spots on a mountain at the head of a Little

-Snowbird creek, near Robbinsville, Graham county, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">tsungili&#699;si&mdash;plural of ungili&#699;si, q.

-v.</p>

-<p class="par">tsungini&#699;si&mdash;plural of ungini&#699;si, q.

-v.</p>

-<p class="par">tsunkina&#699;tli&mdash;&ldquo;my younger

-brothers&rdquo; (male speaking).</p>

-<p class="par">tsunkita&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;my younger brothers&rdquo;

-(female speaking).</p>

-<p class="par">tsula&mdash;fox; cf. tsulu, kingfisher and tlutlu&#699;

-or tsulsu&#699;, martin. The black fox is ina&#699;li. The Creek word

-for fox is chula.</p>

-<p class="par">tsula&#699;ski&mdash;alligator; the name is of uncertain

-etymology.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsula&#699;sinun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Footprint

-place.&rdquo; A place on Tuckasee river, about a mile above Deep creek,

-in Swain county, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsula&#699;wi&mdash;see Tsulunwe&#699;i.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsule&#699;hisanun&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Resurrected

-One,&rdquo; from di&#699;gwale&#699;hisanun&#699;hi, &ldquo;I was

-resurrected.&rdquo; literally, &ldquo;I was down and have risen.&rdquo;

-Tsa&#699;lagi&#699;, Tsule&#699;hisanunhi, the Cherokee title of the

-newspaper known to the whites as the Cherokee Phoenix. The Cherokee

-title was devised by Worcester and Boudinot as suggesting the idea of

-the phoenix of classic fable. The Indian name of the recent

-&ldquo;Cherokee Advocate&rdquo; is Tsa&#699;lagi Asdeli&#699;ski.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsul kalu&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Slanting-eyes,&rdquo;

-literally &ldquo;he has them slanting&rdquo; (or leaning up against

-something); the prefix ts makes it a plural form, and the name is

-understood <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb267" href="#pb267" name=

-"pb267">267</a>]</span>to refer to the eyes, although the word eye

-(akta&#699;, plural dikta&#699;) is not a part of it. Cf.

-Ata&#699;-gulkalu. A mythic giant and ruler of the game. The name has

-been corrupted to Jutaculla and Tuli-cula. Jutaculla rock and Jutaculla

-old fields about the head of Tuckasegee river, in Jackson, North

-Carolina, take their name from him.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsulkalu&#699; tsunegun&#699;yi&mdash;see

-Tsunegun&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">tsulie&#699;na&mdash;the nuthatch (<i lang="la">Sitta

-carolinensis</i>); the word signifies literally &ldquo;deaf&rdquo; (a

-plural form referring to the ear, gule&#699;) although no reason is

-given for such a name.</p>

-<p class="par">tsulu&mdash;kingfisher. Cf. tsula.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsulunwe&#699;i&mdash;(abbreviated Tsulun&#699;we or

-Tsula&#699;wi, possibly connected with tsulu,

-kingfisher)&mdash;Chilhowee creek, a north tributary of Little

-Tennessee river, in Blount county, Tennessee.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsundanilti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where they demanded the

-debt from him&rdquo;; a place on Little Santeetal river, west of

-Robbinsville, in Graham county, North Carolina. The creek also is

-commonly known by the same name.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsundige&#699;wi&mdash;&ldquo;Closed anuses,&rdquo;

-literally &ldquo;they have them closed,&rdquo; understood to refer to

-the anus; from dige&#699;wi, plural of ge&#699;wi, closed, stopped up,

-blind; cf. Tsulkalu&#699;; also Gulisge&#699;wi, &ldquo;Blind, or

-closed<span class="corr" id="xd23e9482" title="Source: .">,</span>

-ears,&rdquo; an old personal name.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsun&#699;digwun&#699;tski (contracted from

-tsun&#699;digwuntsugi, &ldquo;they have them forked,&rdquo; referring

-to the peculiar forked tail; cf. Tsulkalu&#699;)&mdash;a migratory bird

-which once appeared for a short time upon the East Cherokee

-reservation, apparently, from the description, the scissortail or

-swallow-tailed fly-catcher (<i lang="la">Milvulus forficatus</i>).

-<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb268" href="#pb268" name=

-"pb268">268</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Tsunegun&#699;yi (sometimes called Tsulkalu&#699;

-Tsunegun&#699;yi<span class="corr" id="xd23e9493" title=

-"Not in source">)</span>&mdash;Tennessee Bald, at the extreme head of

-Tuckasegee river, on the east line of Jackson county, North Carolina.

-The name seems to mean &ldquo;there where it is white,&rdquo; from ts,

-a prefix indicating distance, une&#699;ga, white, and yi, locative.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsunil&#699; kalu&mdash;the plural form for Tsul kalu,

-q. v., a traditional giant tribe in the west.</p>

-<p class="par">tsunis&#699;tsahi&mdash;&ldquo;(those) having topnots or

-crests,&rdquo; from ustsahu&#699;, &ldquo;having a topknot,&rdquo;

-ustsahi&#699;, &ldquo;he has a topknot&rdquo; (habitually).</p>

-<p class="par">Tsuniya&#699;tiga&mdash;&ldquo;Naked People&rdquo;;

-literally &ldquo;They are naked there,&rdquo; from uya&#699;tiga, naked

-(singular), with the prefix ts, indicating distance. A traditional

-western tribe.</p>

-<p class="par">tsun-ka&#699;wi-ye&#699;, tsun-sikwa-ya&#699;,

-tsun-tsu&#699;la-ya&#699;, tsun-wa&#699;ya-ya&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;I am

-(tsun or tsi, verbal prefix) a real (ya, ye, noun suffix) deer&rdquo;

-(kawi&#699;, archaic for a wi&#699;); opossum, si&#699;kwa; fox, tsula;

-wolf, waya. Archaic song forms.</p>

-<p class="par">tsunsdi&#699;&mdash;contracted from tsunsdi&#699;ga, the

-plural of usdi&#699;ga or usdi&#699;, small.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsunu&#699;lahun&#699;ski&mdash;&ldquo;He tries, but

-fails&rdquo; (habitually), from detsinu&#699;lahun&#699;ski (q. v.),

-&ldquo;I tried, but failed.&rdquo; A former noted chief among the East

-Cherokee, commonly known to the whites as Junaluska. In early life he

-was called Gulkala&#699;ski, a name which denotes something habitually

-falling from a leaning position (cf. Ata-gul kalu&#699; and Tsul

-kalu&#699;).</p>

-<p class="par">tsunu&#699; liyu&#699;sunestla&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;they

-have split noses,&rdquo; (from agwaliyu&#699;, &ldquo;I have it,&rdquo;

-and unestlau&#699;, &ldquo;it is cracked&rdquo; (as a crack made by the

-sun&rsquo;s heat in a log or in the earth)<span class="corr" id=

-"xd23e9511" title="Not in source">)</span>; the initial s makes it

-refer to the nose, kayasa&#699;. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb269"

-href="#pb269" name="pb269">269</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Tsusgina&#699;i&mdash;&ldquo;the Ghost country,&rdquo;

-from asgi&#699;na, &ldquo;ghost,&rdquo; i, locative, and ts, a prefix

-denoting distance. The land of the dead; it is situated in

-Usunhi&#699;yi, the Twilight land, in the west.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsuta&#699;tsinasun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Eddy

-place.&rdquo; A place on Cheowa river at the mouth of Cochran creek, in

-Graham county, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">tsutsu&#699;&mdash;see tlutlu&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">tsuntu&#699;tsi&mdash;see tluntu&#699;tsi.</p>

-<p class="par">tsuwa&#699;&mdash;the mud-puppy or water dog (<i lang=

-"la">Menopoma</i> or <i lang="la">Protonopsis</i>).</p>

-<p class="par">Tsuwa&#699;tel&#699;da&mdash;a contraction of

-tsuwa&#699;teldun&#699;yi; the name has lost its meaning. Pilot Knob,

-north from Brevard, in Transylvania county, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsuwa&#699;-uniytsun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where the

-water-dog laughed.&rdquo; from tsuwa&#699;, q. v.,

-&ldquo;water-dog,&rdquo; uniye&#699;tsu, &ldquo;they laughed&rdquo;

-<span class="corr" id="xd23e9535" title=

-"Not in source">(</span>agiyet&#699;sku, &ldquo;I am laughing&rdquo;)

-and yi, locative; Tusquittee Bald, near Hayesville, in Clay county, N.

-C.</p>

-<p class="par">Tsuwe&#699;nahi&mdash;A traditional hunter, in

-communication with the invisible people. The name seems to mean

-&ldquo;He has them in abundance,&rdquo; an irregular or archaic form

-for Uwe&#699;nai, &ldquo;he has abundance,&rdquo; &ldquo;he is

-rich,&rdquo; from agwe&#699;nai&#699;, &ldquo;I am rich.&rdquo; As a

-masculine name it is used as the equivalent of Richard.</p>

-<p class="par">Tuckalechee&mdash;see Tikwah&#699;tsi.</p>

-<p class="par">Tuckasegee&mdash;see Tsiksi&#699;tsi.</p>

-<p class="par">Tugaloo&mdash;see Dugilu&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">tugalu&#699;&mdash;the cry of the dagulku, goose.</p>

-<p class="par">tugalu&#699;na&mdash;a variety of small fish, about four

-inches long, frequenting the larger streams (from galu&#699;na, a

-gourd, on account of its long nose). <span class="pagenum">[<a id=

-"pb270" href="#pb270" name="pb270">270</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">tuksi&#699;&mdash;the terrapin or land tortoise; also

-the name of a Cherokee chief about the close of the Revolution.

-Saligu&#699;gi, common turtle; soft-shell turtle,

-U&#699;lana&#699;wa.</p>

-<p class="par">Tuksi&#699;tsi&mdash;see Tsiksi&#699;tsi.</p>

-<p class="par">Tuli-cula&mdash;see Tsui&#699;kalu&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">tulsku&#699;wa&mdash;&ldquo;he snaps with his

-head,&rdquo; from uska&#699;, head; the snapping beetle.</p>

-<p class="par">Tuna&#699;i&mdash;a traditional warrior and medicine man

-of old Itsa&#699;ti; the name cannot be analyzed.</p>

-<p class="par">Turkeytown&mdash;see Gun-di&#699;gaduhun&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Turniptown&mdash;see U&#699;lunyi.</p>

-<p class="par">Tuskegee&mdash;see Ta&#699;ski&#699;gi.</p>

-<p class="par">Tusquittee Bald&mdash;see

-Tsuwa&#699;-uniyetsun&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Tusquittee creek&mdash;see Daskwitun&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">tu&#699;sti&mdash;for tusti&#699;ga, a small bowl;

-larger jars are called diwa&#699;li and unti&#699;ya.</p>

-<p class="par">tuti&mdash;snowbird.</p>

-<p class="par">Tuti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Snowbird place,&rdquo; from

-tu&#699;ti, snowbird, and yi, locative. Little Snow-bird creek of

-Cheowa river, in Graham county, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">tu&#699;tsahyesi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;he will marry

-you.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">tu&#699;ya&mdash;bean.</p>

-<p class="par">tu&#699;ya-diskalaw&#699;sti&#699;ski&mdash;see

-ti&#699;gu.</p>

-<p class="par">tu&#699;yahusi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;she will

-die.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Tymahse&mdash;see Tomassee.</p>

-<p class="par">Uchee&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Yu&#699;tsi.</p>

-<p class="par">uda&#699;hale&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;on the sunny

-side.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">uda&#699;i&mdash;the baneberry or cohosh vine (<i lang=

-"la">Actaea?</i>). The name signifies that the plant has something long

-hanging from it.</p>

-<p class="par">uda&#699;li&mdash;&ldquo;(it is) married&rdquo;; the

-mistletoe, so-called on account of its parasitic habit. <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb271" href="#pb271" name="pb271">271</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">U&#699;dawagun&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;Bald.&rdquo; A bald

-mountain of the Great Smoky range, in Yancy county, N. C., not far from

-Mount Mitchell.</p>

-<p class="par">Udsi&#699;skala&mdash;a masculine name.</p>

-<p class="par">uga&#699;sita&mdash;sour.</p>

-<p class="par">u&#699;giska&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;he is swallowing

-it&rdquo;; from tsikiu&#699;, &ldquo;I am eating.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">u&#699;guku&#699;&mdash;the hooting or barred owl.</p>

-<p class="par">ugunste&#699;li (ugunste&#699;lu in dialect

-form)&mdash;the horny-head fish.</p>

-<p class="par">Ugun&#699;yi&mdash;Tallulah falls, on the river of that

-name, northeast from Clarksville, in Habersham county, Ga. The meaning

-of the name is lost.</p>

-<p class="par">Uilata&mdash;see U&#699;tlun&#699;ta.</p>

-<p class="par">uk-ku&#699;suntsuteti&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;it will twist

-up one&rsquo;s arm.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">

-Uk-ku&#699;suntsuti&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Bent-bow-shape&rdquo;; a comic

-masculine name.</p>

-<p class="par">Uk-kunagi&#699;sti&mdash;&ldquo;it will draw down

-one&rsquo;s eye.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Uk-kwunagi&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;eye-drawn-down&rdquo;; a

-comic masculine name.</p>

-<p class="par">uksu&#699;hi&mdash;the mountain blacksnake or black

-racer (<i lang="la">coluber obsoletus</i>); the name seems to refer to

-some pecularity of the eye, akta&#699;, uksuhha&#699;, &ldquo;he has

-something lodged in his eye.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Ukte&#699;na&mdash;&ldquo;Keen-eyed (?)&rdquo; from

-akta&#699;, eye, akta&#699;ti, to examine closely. A mythic

-great-horned serpent, with a talismanic diadem.</p>

-<p class="par">Ukte&#699;na-tsuganun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where the

-Uktena got fastened.&rdquo; A spot on Tuckasegee river, about two miles

-above Bryson City, in Swain county, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">Ukwu&#699;nu (or Ukwu&#699;ni)&mdash;a former Cherokee

-settlement, commonly known to the whites as Oconee, on Seneca creek,

-near the present Walhalla, in Oconee county, S. C. <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb272" href="#pb272" name="pb272">272</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Ula&#699;gu&#699;&mdash;the mythical original of the

-yellow-jacket tribe. The word signifies &ldquo;leader,&rdquo;

-&ldquo;boss,&rdquo; or &ldquo;principal one,&rdquo; and is applied to

-the first yellow-jacket (d&#699;ska&#699;i) seen in the spring, to a

-queen bee and to the leader of a working squad.</p>

-<p class="par">u&#699;lana&#699;wa&mdash;the soft-shell turtle; see

-also saligu&#699;gi and tuksi&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">ulasu&#699;la&mdash;moccasin, shoe.</p>

-<p class="par">ule&#699;&mdash;and; ule&#699;-nu, and also.</p>

-<p class="par">ulskwulte&#699;gi&mdash;a &ldquo;pound mill,&rdquo; a

-self-acting water-mill used in the Cherokee mountains. The name

-signifies that &ldquo;it butts with its head&rdquo; (Uska&#699;, head),

-in allusion to the way in which the pestles work in the mortar. The

-generic word for mill is dist&#699;sti.</p>

-<p class="par">ulstitlu&#699;&mdash;literally &ldquo;it is on his

-head.&rdquo; The diamond crest on the head of the mythic Uktena

-serpent. When detached it becomes Ulunsu&#699;ti.</p>

-<p class="par">Ultiwa&#699;i&mdash;a former Cherokee settlement above

-the present Ooltewah, on the creek of the same name, in James county,

-Tenn.</p>

-<p class="par">ulunni&#699;ta&mdash;domesticated, tame; may be used for

-persons as well as animals, but not for plants; for cultivated or

-domesticated plants the adjective is gunutlun&#699;i or

-gunusun&#699;i.</p>

-<p class="par">Ulunsu&#699;ti&mdash;&ldquo;Transparent&rdquo;; the

-great talismanic crystal of the Cherokee.</p>

-<p class="par">ulun&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;it has climbed,&rdquo; from

-tsilahi&#699;, &ldquo;I am climbing&rdquo;; the poison oak (<i lang=

-"la">Rhus radicans</i>).</p>

-<p class="par">U&#699;lun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Tuber place,&rdquo; from

-U&#699;li&#699;, a variety of edible tuber, and yi, locative. A former

-settlement upon Turniptown, (for U&#699;lun&#699;yi) creek, above

-Ellijay, in Gilmer county, Ga. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb273"

-href="#pb273" name="pb273">273</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Unacala&mdash;see Uni&#699;gadihi&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">U&#699;nadanti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Place where they

-conjured,&rdquo; the name of a gap about three miles east of Webster,

-in Jackson county, N. C., and now transferred to the town itself.</p>

-<p class="par">unade&#699;na&mdash;woolly, downy, (in speaking of

-animals); uwa&#699;nu, wool, down, fine fur (detached from the

-animal).</p>

-<p class="par">u&#699;nahu&#699;&mdash;see unahwi&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">u&#699;nahi&#699;&mdash;heart; in Middle and Lower

-dialects, unahu&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Unaka&mdash;see une&#699;ga and Unicoi.</p>

-<p class="par">unatlunwe&#699;hitu&mdash;&ldquo;it has spirals&rdquo;;

-a plant (unidentified) used in conjuration.</p>

-<p class="par">une&#699;ga&mdash;white.</p>

-<p class="par">une&#699;guhi&mdash;&ldquo;he is (was) mischievous or

-bad&rdquo;; tsune&#699;guhi&#699;yu, &ldquo;you are very

-mischievous&rdquo; (said to a child).</p>

-<p class="par">une&#699;gutsatu&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;(he is)

-mischievous&rdquo;; a&#699;gine&#699;gutsatu&#699;, &ldquo;I am

-mischievous.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Une&#699;lanun&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;The

-Apportioner&rdquo;; &ldquo;I am apportioning,&rdquo;

-gane&#699;lasku&#699;; &ldquo;I apportion&rdquo; (habitually),

-<span class="corr" id="xd23e9689" title=

-"Source: ganelaski">gane&#699;laski</span>. In the sacred formulas a

-title of the Sun God; in the Bible the name of God.</p>

-<p class="par">une&#699;stalun&mdash;ice.</p>

-<p class="par">Unicoi&mdash;the map name of the Unicoi turnpike, of a

-gap on the watershed between Chattahoochee and Hiwassee river, in

-Georgia, and of a county in Tennessee. Probably a corruption of

-une&#699;ga, white, whence comes also Unaka, the present map name of a

-part of the Great Smoky range.</p>

-<p class="par">uni&#699;gisti&mdash;foods; singular, agi&#699;sti.</p>

-<p class="par">Uniga&#699;yata&#699;ti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where they

-made a fish trap,&rdquo; from uga&#699;yatun&#699;i, fish trap, and yi,

-locative; a place on <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb274" href="#pb274"

-name="pb274">274</a>]</span>Tuckasegee river, at the mouth of Deep

-creek, near Bryson City, in Swain county, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">Uni&#699;haluna&mdash;see Ahalu&#699;na.</p>

-<p class="par">Unika&#699;wa&mdash;the &ldquo;Town-house dance,&rdquo;

-so-called because danced inside the town-house.</p>

-<p class="par">

-Une&#699;ga-dihi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;White-man-killer&rdquo;; from

-une&#699;ga, &ldquo;white,&rdquo; for yun&#699;wune&#699;ga,

-&ldquo;white person,&rdquo; and dihi&#699;, a noun suffix denoting

-&ldquo;killer<span class="corr" id="xd23e9709" title=

-"Source: &rdquo; (">,&rdquo; &ldquo;</span>he kills them&rdquo;

-(habitually). A Cherokee chief, whose name appears on the documents

-about 1790.</p>

-<p class="par">ungida&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;thy two elder brothers&rdquo;

-(male speaking).</p>

-<p class="par">ungini&#699;li&mdash;&ldquo;my elder brother.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">ungini&#699;si (plural,

-tsungini&#699;si)&mdash;&ldquo;my daughter&rsquo;s child.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">u&#699;niskwetu&#699;gi&mdash;&ldquo;they wear a

-hat,&rdquo; ulskwe&#699;tawa&#699;, hat from uska&#699;, head. The May

-apple (<i lang="la">Podophyllum</i>).</p>

-<p class="par">unistilun&#699;isti&mdash;&ldquo;they stick on along

-their whole length&rdquo;; the generic name for &ldquo;stickers&rdquo;

-and burrs, including the Spanish needle, cockle burr, jimson weed,

-etc.</p>

-<p class="par">uni&#699;tsi&mdash;her mother; agitsi&#699;, my

-mother.</p>

-<p class="par">Uniya&#699;hitun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where they shot

-it,&rdquo; from tsiya&#699;ihu&#699;. &ldquo;I shot,&rdquo; and yi,

-locative. A place on Tuckasegee river a short distance above Bryson

-City, in Swain county, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">Unli&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;(He is) long-winded,&rdquo; an

-archaic form for the regular word, gunli&#699;ta; an old masculine

-name. A chief about the year 1790, known to the whites as &ldquo;The

-Breath.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">Untoola&mdash;see Dihiyun&#699;dula&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Unta&#699;kiyasti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Where they

-race,&rdquo; from takiya&#699;ta, a race, and yi, locative; locally

-corrupted to Tahkeyostee. The district on the French Broad river,

-around Asheville, in Buncombe county, N. C. The town itself is known to

-the Cherokee as Kasdu&#699;yi, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb275"

-href="#pb275" name="pb275">275</a>]</span>&ldquo;Ashes place,&rdquo;

-(from kasdu, ashes, and yi, locative), which is intended as a

-translation of its proper name.</p>

-<p class="par">Un&#699;tiguhi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Pot in water,&rdquo;

-from or unti&#699;ya, pot, and guli&#699;, &ldquo;it is in the

-water&rdquo; (or other liquid, habitually). The Suck, a dangerous rapid

-in Tennessee river, at the entrance of Suck creek, about eight miles

-below Chattanooga, Tenn.</p>

-<p class="par">Untlasgasti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Where they

-scratched&rdquo;; a place at the head of Hyatt&rsquo;s creek of Valley

-river, in Cherokee county, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">Untoola&mdash;see Dihyun&#699;dula&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Untsaili&#699; (also Etsaiyi&#699;, or Tsaiyi&#699;, the

-first syllable being almost silent)&mdash;&ldquo;Brass.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">unwada&#699;li&mdash;store-house, provision house.</p>

-<p class="par">Unwada-tsu&#699;gilasun&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Where the

-storehouse (unwada&#699;li) was taken off.&rdquo; Either Black Rock or

-Jones' Knob, northeast of Webster, on the east line of Jackson county,

-N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">unun&#699;ti&mdash;milk.</p>

-<p class="par">usdi&#699;ga (abbreviated usdi&#699;)&mdash;small;

-plural tsunsdi&#699;ga, tsundi&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">usga&#699;se&#699;ti&#699;yu&mdash;very dangerous, very

-terrible; intensive of usga&#699;se&#699;ti.</p>

-<p class="par">Uskwale&#699;na&mdash;&ldquo;Big-Head,&rdquo; from

-uska&#699;, head; a masculine name, perhaps the original of the

-&ldquo;Bull-head,&rdquo; given by Haywood as the name of a former noted

-Cherokee warrior.</p>

-<p class="par">Uskwa&#699;li-gu&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;His stomach hangs

-down,&rdquo; from uskwa&#699;li, his stomach, and gu&#699;ta, &ldquo;it

-hangs down.&rdquo; A prominent chief of the Revolutionary period, known

-to the whites as Hanging-maw.</p>

-<p class="par">U&#699;stana&#699;li (from U&#699;stanala&#699;hi or

-uni&#699;stana&#699;la (a plural form), denoting a natural barrier of

-rocks <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb276" href="#pb276" name=

-"pb276">276</a>]</span>(plural) across a stream)&mdash;a name occurring

-in several places in the old Cherokee country, and variously spelled

-Eastinaulee, Eastinora, Estanaula, Eustenaree, Istanare, Oostanaula,

-Oostinawley, Ustenary, etc.</p>

-<p class="par">u&#699;stuti&mdash;see utsu&#699;gi.</p>

-<p class="par">Ustu&#699;tli&mdash;a traditional dangerous serpent. The

-name signifies having something on the calf of the leg or on the heel,

-from ustutun&#699;i &ldquo;(his) calf of the leg

-(attached).<span class="corr" id="xd23e9769" title=

-"Not in source">&rdquo;</span> It is applied also to the Southern

-hoop-snake.</p>

-<p class="par">Usunhi&#699;yi&mdash;the &ldquo;Darkening land,&rdquo;

-&ldquo;where it is always getting dark,&rdquo; as at twilight. The name

-used for the west in the myths and the sacred formulas; the common word

-is wude&#699;ligun&#699;yi, &ldquo;there where it (the sun) goes

-down.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">u&#699;tanu&mdash;great, fully developed. Cf.

-e&#699;gwa.</p>

-<p class="par">utawa&#699;hilu&mdash;&ldquo;hand breadth,&rdquo; from

-uwa&#699;yi, hand. A figurative term used in the myths and sacred

-formulas.</p>

-<p class="par">U&#699;tawagun&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;Bald place.&rdquo; A

-high bald peak in the Great Smoky range on the Tenn.-N. C. line,

-northeast from Big Pigeon river.</p>

-<p class="par">U&#699;tlun&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;He (or she) has it

-sharp,&rdquo; i. e., has some sharp part or organ; it might be used of

-a tooth, a finger-nail, or some other attached part of the body.</p>

-<p class="par">U&#699;tluntun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;U&#699;tlun&#699;ta

-place&rdquo;; see U&#699;tlun&#699;ta. A place on Little Tennessee

-river, nearly off Citico creek, in Blount county, Tenn.</p>

-<p class="par">U&#699;tsala&mdash;&ldquo;Lichen&rdquo;; another form of

-utsale&#699;ta. A Cherokee chief of Removal period in 1838.</p>

-<p class="par">utsale&#699;ta&mdash;lichen, literally &ldquo;pot

-scrapings,&rdquo; from a fancied resemblance. <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb277" href="#pb277" name="pb277">277</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">utsa&#699;nati&#699;&mdash;rattlesnake; the name is of

-doubtful etymology, but is said to refer to the rattle.</p>

-<p class="par">Utsa&#699;nati&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Rattlesnake

-place.&rdquo; Rattlesnake springs, about two miles south from

-Charlestown, Bradley county, Tenn.</p>

-<p class="par">utset&#699;sti&mdash;&ldquo;he grins&rdquo;

-(habitually). See si&#699;kwa utset&#699;sti.</p>

-<p class="par">utsi&#699;&mdash;her (his) mother; etsi&#699;,

-agitsi&#699;, my mother.</p>

-<p class="par">Utsi&#699;dsata&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Corn-tassel,&rdquo;

-&ldquo;Thistle-head,&rdquo; etc. It is used as a masculine name, and

-was probably the Cherokee name of the chief of Revolutionary times,

-known as &ldquo;Old Tassel.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">utsu&#699;gi&mdash;the tufted titmouse (<i lang=

-"la">Parus bicolor</i>); also called u&#699;stuti&#699;, &ldquo;topnot,

-or tip,&rdquo; on account of its crest.</p>

-<p class="par">u&#699;tsuti&#699;&mdash;fish. Also, many.</p>

-<p class="par">Uwaga&#699;hi (commonly written

-Ocoee)&mdash;&ldquo;Apricot place,&rdquo; from uwa&#699;ga, the

-&ldquo;apricot vines,&rdquo; or &ldquo;maypop,&rdquo; (<i lang=

-"la">Passiflora incarnata</i>), and hi, locative. A former important

-settlement on Ocowe river, near its junction with Hiwassee, about the

-present Benton, in Polk county, Tenn.</p>

-<p class="par">uwa&#699;yi&mdash;hand, paw, generally used with the

-possessive suffix, as uwaye&#699;ni, &ldquo;his hand.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">uwe&#699;la&mdash;liver.</p>

-<p class="par">uwe&#699;nahi&mdash;rich; used also as a personal

-name.</p>

-<p class="par">Uw&#699;tsun&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;Bouncer&rdquo;

-(habitual); from k&#699;tsi, &ldquo;it is bouncing.&rdquo; A

-traditional serpent described as moving by jerks like a measuring worm,

-to which also the name is applied.</p>

-<p class="par">Uyahye&#699;&mdash;a high peak in the Great Smoky range,

-probably on the line between Swain county, N. C., and Sevier county,

-Tenn.</p>

-<p class="par">Uy&#699;gila&#699;gi&mdash;abbreviated from

-Tsuyu&#699;gila&#699;gi, &ldquo;where there are dams,&rdquo; i. e.,

-beaver dams; from gu&#699;gilu&#699;unsku&#699;, &ldquo;he is damming

-it.&rdquo; 1. A former settlement on <span class="pagenum">[<a id=

-"pb278" href="#pb278" name="pb278">278</a>]</span>Oothcaloga

-(Ougillogy) creek of Oostanaula river, near the present Calhoun, in

-Gordon county, Ga.; 2. Beaverdam creek, west of Clarksville, in

-Habbersham county, Ga.</p>

-<p class="par">Valleytown&mdash;see Gu&#699;nahitun&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Vengeance creek&mdash;see Gansa&#699;ti&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Wachesa&mdash;see Watsi&#699;su.</p>

-<p class="par">wadan&#699;&mdash;thanks!</p>

-<p class="par">wa&#699;di&mdash;paint, especially red paint.</p>

-<p class="par">wa&#699;dige-aska&#699;li&mdash;&ldquo;his head (is)

-brown,&rdquo; i. e., &ldquo;brown-head&rdquo;; from wadige&#699;i,

-brown, brown-red, and aska&#699;li, head; the copperhead snake.</p>

-<p class="par">Wadi&#699;yahi&mdash;a feminine name of doubtful

-etymology. An expert basket-making woman among the East Cherokee, who

-died in 1895. She was known to the whites as Mrs. Bushyhead.</p>

-<p class="par">Wafford&mdash;see Tsuskwanun&#699;ta.</p>

-<p class="par">Wa&#699;ginsi&mdash;the name <span class="corr" id=

-"xd23e9846" title="Source: or">of</span> an eddy at the junction of

-Little Tennessee and the main Tennessee rivers at Lenoir, in London

-county, Tenn. The town is now known to the Cherokee by the same name,

-of which the meaning is lost.</p>

-<p class="par">waguli&#699;&mdash;whippoorwill; the name is an

-onomatope; the Delaware name is wekolis.</p>

-<p class="par">Wahnenauhi&mdash;see Wani&#699;nahi.</p>

-<p class="par">wa&#699;huhu&#699;&mdash;the screech-owl.</p>

-<p class="par">wa&#699;ka&mdash;cow; from the Spanish vaca, as is also

-the Creek waga and the Arapaho wakuch.</p>

-<p class="par">wala&#699;si&mdash;the common green frog.</p>

-<p class="par">Walasi&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Frog place.&rdquo; 1. A

-former settlement, known to the whites as Frogtown, upon the creek of

-the same name, north of Dahlonega, in Lumpkin <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb279" href="#pb279" name=

-"pb279">279</a>]</span>county, Ga. 2. Le Conte and Bullhead Mountains

-in the Great Smoky range on the N. C.-Tenn. line, together with the

-ridge extending into Sevier county, Tenn., between the Middle and West

-forks of Little Pigeon river.</p>

-<p class="par">walas&#699;-unul&#699;sti&mdash;&ldquo;it fights

-frogs,&rdquo; from wala&#699;si, frog, and unul&#699;sti, &ldquo;it

-fights&rdquo; (habitually); gu&#699;lihu&#699;, &ldquo;I am

-fighting.&rdquo; The <i lang="la">Prosartes lanuginosa</i> plant.</p>

-<p class="par">Walas&#699;-unulstiyi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Place of the

-plant,&rdquo; walas&#699;-unul&#699;sti, commonly known to the whites

-as Fightingtown, from a translation of the latter part of a name; a

-former settlement on Fighting creek, near Morgantown, in Fannin county,

-Ga.</p>

-<p class="par">Walini&#699;&mdash;a feminine name, compounded from

-Wali, another form of Kwali, &ldquo;Polly,&rdquo; with a suffix added

-for euphony.</p>

-<p class="par">Wane&#699;-asun&#699;tlunyi&mdash;&ldquo;Hickory footlog

-place,&rdquo; from wane&#699;i, hickory, asun-tlun&#699;i (q. v.),

-footlog, bridge, and yi, locative. A former settlement, known to the

-whites as Hickory-log, on Etowah river, a short distance above Canton,

-in Cherokee county, Ga.</p>

-<p class="par">Wani&#699;nahi&#699;&mdash;a feminine name of uncertain

-etymology; the Wahnenauhi of the Wahnenauhi manuscript.</p>

-<p class="par">Washington&mdash;see Wa&#699;situ&#699;na.</p>

-<p class="par">Wa&#699;si&mdash;the Cherokee form for Moses.</p>

-<p class="par">Wa&#699;situ&#699;na, Wa&#699;suntu&#699;na (different

-dialect forms)&mdash;a Cherokee known to the whites as Washington, the

-sole survivor of a Removal tragedy. The name denotes a hollow log (or

-other cylindrical object) lying on the ground at a distance; the root

-of the word is asi&#699;ta, log, and the w prefix indicates

-distance.</p>

-<p class="par">Wa&#699;sulu&#699;&mdash;a large red-brown moth which

-flies about blossoming tobacco in the evening. <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb280" href="#pb280" name="pb280">280</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Wata&#699;gi (commonly written Watauga, also Wataga,

-Wattoogee, Whatoga, etc.)&mdash;a name occurring in two or more towns

-in the old Cherokee country; one was an important settlement on Watauga

-creek of Little Tennessee river, a few miles below Franklin, in Macon

-county, N. C.; another was traditionally located at Watauga Old Fields,

-about the present Elizabethton on Wateuga river, in Carter county,

-Tenn. The meaning is lost.</p>

-<p class="par">Watau&#699;ga&mdash;see Wata&#699;gi.</p>

-<p class="par">Watsi&#699;sa&mdash;a prominent old Cherokee, known to

-the whites as Wachesa, a name which cannot be translated, who formerly

-lived on Beaverdam creek of Hiwassee river, below Murphy, in Cherokee

-county, N. C. From the fact that the Unicoi turnpike passed near his

-place, it was locally known as Wachesa trail.</p>

-<p class="par">wa&#699;ya&mdash;wolf; an onomatope, an imitation of the

-animal&rsquo;s howl; cf. the Creek name, yaha.</p>

-<p class="par">Wa&#699;ya&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Wolf place,&rdquo; i.

-e., place of the Wolf clan; the form Ani&#699;Wa&#699;ya&#699;hi is not

-used. Wolftown settlement on upper Soco creek, on the East Cherokee

-reservation, in Jackson county, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">Waya Gap&mdash;see A&#699;tahi&#699;ta.</p>

-<p class="par">Wayeh&mdash;see Wayi.</p>

-<p class="par">Wayi&mdash;&ldquo;Pigeon&rdquo;; the modern Cherokee

-name for Big Pigeon river, in western N. C.; probably a translation of

-the English name. It appears also as Wayeh.</p>

-<p class="par">Welch, Lloyd&mdash;see Da&#699;si&#699;giya&#699;gi.</p>

-<p class="par">wesa&mdash;cat.</p>

-<p class="par">White-path&mdash;see Nunna&#699;hi-tsune&#699;ga.</p>

-<p class="par">Willstown&mdash;a former important settlement, so-called

-from the half-breed chief known to the whites as Red-headed Will, on

-Will&rsquo;s creek below Fort <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb281"

-href="#pb281" name="pb281">281</a>]</span>Payne, in Dekalb county, Ala.

-The settlement was frequently called from him Wili&#699;yi,

-&ldquo;Will&rsquo;s place,&rdquo; but this was not the proper local

-name.</p>

-<p class="par">Wilsini&#699;&mdash;The Cherokee name for H. W. Spray,

-agent and superintendent for the East Cherokee reservation; an

-adaptation of his middle name, Wilson.</p>

-<p class="par">Wil-usdi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Little Will,&rdquo; from

-Wili&#699;, Will and usdi&#699;ga or usdi&#699;, little. The Cherokee

-name for Colonel W. H. Thomas, for many years the recognized chief of

-the eastern band.</p>

-<p class="par">Wissactaw&mdash;see gahawi&#699;stia.</p>

-<p class="par">Wolftown&mdash;see Wa&#699;ya&#699;hi.</p>

-<p class="par">Wootassite&mdash;see Outacity.</p>

-<p class="par">Wrosetasatow&mdash;see Outacity.</p>

-<p class="par">Wude&#699;ligun&#699;yi&mdash;the west; literally

-&ldquo;there where it (the sun) goes down,&rdquo; (w prefixed implies

-distance, yi, locative). See also Usunhi&#699;yi and

-wusuhihun&#699;yi.</p>

-<p class="par">Wuliga&#699;natutun&mdash;excelling all others, either

-good or bad; it may be used as equivalent to wastun, &ldquo;beyond the

-limit.&rdquo;</p>

-<p class="par">wusuhihun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;there where they stay

-over night,&rdquo; i. e., &ldquo;the west.&rdquo; An archaic term used

-by the narrator of the story of Untsaiyi&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Xuala&mdash;see Ani-Suwa&#699;li.</p>

-<p class="par">ya&mdash;a suffix denoting principal or real, as

-tsiskwa&#699;ya, &ldquo;principal bird,&rdquo; the sparrow;

-Ani&#699;-Yunwiya&#699;, &ldquo;principal or real people,&rdquo;

-Indians.</p>

-<p class="par">Yahula&#699;li&mdash;&ldquo;Yahu&#699;la place,&rdquo;

-from Yuhu&#699;la, a Cherokee trader said to have been taken by the

-spirit people; Yahu&#699;la, seems to be from the Creek yoho&#699;lo, a

-name having reference to the song (yoholo), used in the &ldquo;black

-drink&rdquo; ceremony of the Creeks; thus <span class="pagenum">[<a id=

-"pb282" href="#pb282" name=

-"pb282">282</a>]</span>a&#699;si-yoho&#699;lo, corrupted into Osceola,

-signified &ldquo;the black drink song&rdquo;; it may, however, be a

-true Cherokee word, yahu&#699;lu or yahu&#699;li, the name for a

-variety of hickory, also for the &ldquo;doodle-bug&rdquo;;

-Unyahu&#699;la is a feminine name, but cannot be translated. Yahoola

-creek, near Dahlonega, in Lumpkin county, Ga.</p>

-<p class="par">Yala&#699;gi&mdash;Alarka creek of Little Tennessee

-river, above the junction of Tuckasegee, in Swain county, N. C.; the

-meaning of the name is lost.</p>

-<p class="par">yandaska&#699;ga&mdash;a faultfinder.</p>

-<p class="par">Yan-e&#699;gwa&mdash;&ldquo;Big-Bear,&rdquo; from yanu,

-bear, and egwa, great, large. A prominent chief about the year 1800;

-the name occurs in treaties as Yonah, Yohanaqua and Yonahequah.</p>

-<p class="par">ya&#699;nu&mdash;bear.</p>

-<p class="par">Ya&#699;nu-dinehun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where the bears

-live,&rdquo; from yanu, bear, dinehu&#699;, &ldquo;they dwell&rdquo;

-(e&#699;hu, &ldquo;I dwell, I live&rdquo;) and yi, locative. A place on

-Oconaluftee river, a short distance above the junction with Tuckasegee,

-in Swain county, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">Yanugun&#699;ski&mdash;&ldquo;the bear drowns him&rdquo;

-(habitually), from yanu, bear, and tsigun&#699;iska&#699;, &ldquo;I am

-drowning him.&rdquo; A noted East Cherokee chief, known to the whites

-as Yonaguska or Drowning-bear.</p>

-<p class="par">yan&#699;-utse&#699;stu&mdash;&ldquo;The bear lies on

-it&rdquo;; the shield fern (<i lang="la">Aspidium</i>).</p>

-<p class="par">Ya&#699;nu-u&#699;natawasti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where

-the bears wash,&rdquo; (from yanu, bear, and yi, locative); a former

-pond in the Great Smoky Mountains, about the head of Raven Fork, in

-Swain county, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">Yawa&#699;i&mdash;&ldquo;Yawa place&rdquo;; a place on

-Yellow creek of Cheowa river, in Graham county, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par">Yellow-Hill&mdash;see Elawa&#699;diyi. <span class=

-"pagenum">[<a id="pb283" href="#pb283" name="pb283">283</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Yohanaqua&mdash;see Yan-e&#699;gwa.</p>

-<p class="par">yoho-o!&mdash;an unmeaning song refrain.</p>

-<p class="par">Yonaguska&mdash;see Ya&#699;nugun&#699;ski.</p>

-<p class="par">Yonah&mdash;1. (mountain) see Gadalu&#699;lu. 2. An

-abbreviated treaty form for the name of the chief Yana&#699;gwa.</p>

-<p class="par">Yonahequah&mdash;see Yan-e&#699;gwa.</p>

-<p class="par">Ytaua, Ytava&mdash;see I&#699;tawa&#699;.</p>

-<p class="par">Yu!&mdash;an unmeaning song refrain and

-interjection.</p>

-<p class="par">Yuha&#699;li&mdash;Euharlee creek, of lower Etowah

-river, in Bartow county, Ga. The name is said by the Cherokee to be a

-corruption of Yufala (Eufaula), a well known Creek local name.</p>

-<p class="par">yunsu&#699;&mdash;buffalo; cf. Creek yena&#699;sa,

-Choctaw yanash, Hichitee ya&#699;nasi.</p>

-<p class="par">Yunsa&#699;i&mdash;&ldquo;Buffalo place&rdquo;; West

-Buffalo creek of Cheowa river in Graham county, N. C.; the site of a

-former Cherokee settlement.</p>

-<p class="par">yun&#699;wi&mdash;person, man.</p>

-<p class="par">Yun&#699;wi

-Ama&#699;yine&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Water-dwelling people,&rdquo; from

-yun&#699;wi, person, and ama&#699;yine&#699;hi, plural of

-amaye&#699;hi, q. v.; a race of water fairies.</p>

-<p class="par">Yun&#699;wi Gunahi&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;Long Man&rdquo;;

-a formulistic name for the river, personified as a man with his head

-resting on the mountain and his feet stretching down to the lowlands,

-who is constantly speaking to those who can understand the message.</p>

-<p class="par">Yun&#699;wini&#699;gisgi&mdash;&ldquo;man-eaters,&rdquo;

-literally, &ldquo;They eat people&rdquo; (habitually), from

-yun&#699;wi, person, man, and uni, giski, &ldquo;they eat<span class=

-"corr" id="xd23e9995" title="Not in source">&rdquo;</span>

-(habitually), from tsikiu&#699;, &ldquo;I am eating&rdquo;; the

-Cherokee name for a distant cannibal tribe, possibly the Atakapa or the

-Tonkawa. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb284" href="#pb284" name=

-"pb284">284</a>]</span></p>

-<p class="par">Yun&#699;wi-tsulenun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where man

-stood,&rdquo; originally yun&#699;wi-dikatagun&#699;yi, &ldquo;where

-the man stands,&rdquo; from <span class="corr" id="xd23e10001" title=

-"Source: Yun&#699;wi">yun&#699;wi</span>, person, man, tsita&#699;ga,

-&ldquo;I am standing,&rdquo; and yi, locative; Standing Indian, a high

-bald mountain at the head of Nantahala river, in Macon county, N.

-C.</p>

-<p class="par">Yun&#699;wi Tsunsdi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;little

-people,&rdquo; from yun&#699;wi, person, people, and tsunsdi&#699;ga or

-tsunsdi, plural of usdi&#699;ga or usdi&#699;, little; the Cherokee

-fairies.</p>

-<p class="par">Yun&#699;wi Usdi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;little man.&rdquo; A

-formulistic name for ginseng, a&#699;tali-guli&#699;, q. v.</p>

-<p class="par">Yun&#699;wi-usga&#699;se&#699;ti&mdash;&ldquo;dangerous

-man, terrible man&rdquo;; a traditional leader in the westward

-migration of Cherokee.</p>

-<p class="par">Yun&#699;wiya&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Indian,&rdquo;

-literally, &ldquo;principal or real person,<span class="corr" id=

-"xd23e10012" title="Source: &ldquo;">&rdquo;</span> from yun&#699;wi,

-person, and ya, a suffix denoting principal or real.</p>

-<p class="par">yu&#699;we-yuwehe&#699;&mdash;an unmeaning song

-refrain.</p>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="figure xd23e10018width" id="p284-1"><img src=

-"images/p284-1.jpg" alt="High Falls, Buck Forest, N. C." width="644"

-height="484">

-<p class="figureHead">High Falls, Buck Forest, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="q">

-<div class="body">

-<div class="lgouter">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;And it bounds full many a fathom</p>

-<p class="line">In its final furious fall.&rdquo;</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<p class="par"></p>

-<div class="figure xd23e10032width" id="p284-2"><img src=

-"images/p284-2.jpg" alt="Melrose Falls, Tryon, N. C." width="642"

-height="483">

-<p class="figureHead">Melrose Falls, Tryon, N. C.</p>

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<div class="q">

-<div class="body">

-<div class="lgouter">

-<p class="line">&ldquo;Plunges down deep in the gulches</p>

-<p class="line">Where the rocks are worn with age.&rdquo;</p>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-</div>

-<p class="par"></p>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-</div>

-<div class="back">

-<div class="transcribernote">

-<h2 class="main">Colophon</h2>

-<h3 class="main">Availability</h3>

-<p class="par first">This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no

-cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give

-it away or re-use it under the terms of the <a class="seclink xd23e43"

-title="External link" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/license" rel=

-"license">Project Gutenberg License</a> included with this eBook or

-online at <a class="seclink xd23e43" title="External link" href=

-"https://www.gutenberg.org/" rel="home">www.gutenberg.org</a>.</p>

-<p class="par">This eBook is produced by the Online Distributed

-Proofreading Team at <a class="exlink xd23e43" title="External link"

-href="http://www.pgdp.net/">www.pgdp.net</a>.</p>

-<h3 class="main">Encoding</h3>

-<p class="par first"></p>

-<h3 class="main">Revision History</h3>

-<ul>

-<li>2016-10-26 Started.</li>

-</ul>

-<h3 class="main">External References</h3>

-<p>This Project Gutenberg eBook contains external references. These

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-<h3 class="main">Corrections</h3>

-<p>The following corrections have been applied to the text:</p>

-<table class="correctiontable" summary=

-"Overview of corrections applied to the text.">

-<tr>

-<th>Page</th>

-<th>Source</th>

-<th>Correction</th>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e3102">67</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">Balsam Mountains.</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e3127">67</a>,

-<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6434">137</a>, <a class="pageref" href=

-"#xd23e7976">215</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7981">215</a>,

-<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8208">223</a>, <a class="pageref" href=

-"#xd23e8841">245</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9108">253</a>,

-<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9769">276</a>, <a class="pageref" href=

-"#xd23e9995">283</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">&rdquo;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e3673">77</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">Mount Pisgah.</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e4020">83</a>,

-<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6326">129</a>, <a class="pageref" href=

-"#xd23e6947">170</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7181">186</a>,

-<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8753">242</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">.</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e4457">91</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">Whiteside Mountain.</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e5326">107</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">Where the Serpent Coiled.</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6374">132</a>,

-<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7273">192</a>, <a class="pageref" href=

-"#xd23e8615">237</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8833">245</a>,

-<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9105">253</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">&ldquo;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6493">139</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">ran</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6640">150</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">perferred</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">preferred</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6734">155</a>,

-<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6776">158</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">Agan-unitsi</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">Agan-uni-tsi</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6788">159</a>,

-<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6936">169</a>, <a class="pageref" href=

-"#xd23e7055">177</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7988">215</a>,

-<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8035">217</a>, <a class="pageref" href=

-"#xd23e8819">244</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9012">251</a>,

-<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9482">267</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">.</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">,</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6869">165</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">law</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">lay</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7268">192</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">Toh-kee-os-tee</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">Tah-kee-os-tee</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7418">200</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">u</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">&ucirc;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7514">202</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">akwandu&rsquo;li</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">akwandu&#699;li</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7552">203</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">a&prime;netsa&#699;gi</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">anetsa&#699;gi</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7591">205</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">&rsquo;&rdquo;</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">&rdquo;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7738">210</a>,

-<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8122">220</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">)</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Deleted</i>]</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7973">215</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">Da</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">Da&#699;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8119">220</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">stroke</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">strike</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8124">220</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">personfied</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">personified</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8164">222</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">Yellow-hill</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">Yellow-Hill</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8306">227</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">Tsistu&rsquo;yi</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">Tsistu&#699;yi</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8482">234</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">iya</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">i&#699;ya</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8486">234</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">iya&#699;-tawi&#699;skage</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">i&#699;ya&#699;-tawi&#699;skage</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8703">241</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">see</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8732">242</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">Na ts-asun&#699;tlun</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">Nats-asun&#699;tlun</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8790">243</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">&rdquo;</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">&ldquo;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8814">244</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">sen</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">sun</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8979">250</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">.)</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">).</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9022">251</a>,

-<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9231">258</a>, <a class="pageref" href=

-"#xd23e9493">268</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9511">268</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">)</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9189">257</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">tawi-skala</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">tawi&#699;skala</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9211">257</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">city</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">City</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9292">260</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">Nicoliana</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">Nicotiana</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9331">261</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">Nanatahala</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">Nantahala</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9419">265</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">tskili'</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">tskili&#699;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9535">269</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">(</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9689">273</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">ganelaski</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">gane&#699;laski</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9709">274</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">&rdquo; (</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">,&rdquo; &ldquo;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9846">278</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">or</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">of</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e10001">284</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">Yun&#699;wi</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">yun&#699;wi</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e10012">284</a></td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">&ldquo;</td>

-<td class="width40 bottom">&rdquo;</td>

-</tr>

-</table>

-</div>

-</div>

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-<pre>

-

-

-

-

-

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+<body>
+<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 53375 ***</div>
+
+<div class="front">
+<div class="div1 cover"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e92width"><img src="images/new-cover.jpg" alt=
+"Newly Designed Front Cover." width="480" height="720"></div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div1 frontispiece"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e99width" id="frontispiece"><img src=
+"images/frontispiece.jpg" alt="Robert Frank Jarrett" width="466"
+height="720">
+<p class="figureHead">Robert Frank Jarrett</p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div1 titlepage"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e106width"><img src="images/titlepage.png" alt=
+"Original Title Page." width="458" height="720"></div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="titlePage">
+<div class="docTitle">
+<div class="mainTitle">Occoneechee</div>
+<div class="subTitle">The Maid of the Mystic Lake</div>
+</div>
+<div class="byline">BY<br>
+<span class="docAuthor">ROBERT FRANK JARRETT</span><br>
+Author of &ldquo;Back Home and Other Poems&rdquo;</div>
+<div class="docImprint">THE SHAKESPEARE PRESS<br>
+410 E. 32d Street<br>
+New York<br>
+<span class="docDate">1916</span></div>
+</div>
+<div class="div1 copyright"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first xd23e136">Copyrighted, 1916<br>
+By R. F. Jarrett <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb3" href="#pb3" name=
+"pb3">3</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div1 preface"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h2 class="main">PREFACE.</h2>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">Realizing that the memory of a nation is best kept
+aglow by its songs and the writings of its poets, I have been inspired
+to write OCCONEECHEE, in order that the once powerful nation known as
+the Cherokee may be preserved in mind, and that their myths, their
+legends and their traditions may linger and be transmitted to the
+nations yet to come.</p>
+<p class="par">Trusting that a generous people may hail with delight
+the advent of this new work, I now dedicate its pages to all lovers of
+music, poetry and fine art.</p>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">When you&rsquo;ve read its pages give or lend</p>
+<p class="line">This volume to some good old friend.</p>
+</div>
+<p class="par first signed"><span class="sc">The Author.</span>
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb4" href="#pb4" name=
+"pb4">4</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div1 biography"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h2 class="main">BRIEF BIOGRAPHY OF THE AUTHOR.</h2>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">Robert Frank Jarrett was born in Asheville, N. C.,
+on July 21st, 1864, and while having resided in other states and cities
+and visited many of the most important sections of the South, yet has
+made his principal home within the shadows of the rugged mountain peaks
+of his native and picturesque home land, the Old North State.</p>
+<p class="par">He was educated in the field and forest, by rippling
+stream and rolling rill, studied in the open book of Nature and recited
+to the Master of Destinies where the shadows of the everlasting hills
+lock hands with the sunshine of the valley.</p>
+<p class="par">He is a reader and student of the ancient writers and
+poets of all ages, singer of the old songs, lover of the new;</p>
+<p class="par">Servant in official capacity for many years of National,
+State and Civic governments; humble worker with the busy toilers, and
+writer of prose and verse from earliest childhood;</p>
+<p class="par">Author of &ldquo;Back Home and Other Poems,&rdquo;
+published in 1911, and many other manuscripts not yet published.</p>
+<p class="par">Married to Sallie C. Wild, of Franklin, N. C., on Dec.
+25th, 1892. For twenty years a resident of Dillsboro, N. C., where
+orchard and field and dense deep forests have inspired and impelled him
+on. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb5" href="#pb5" name=
+"pb5">5</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="toc" class="div1 contents"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h2 class="main">CONTENTS</h2>
+<ul>
+<li>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum"><span class="sc">Page</span></span></li>
+<li>Part I. <a href="#pt1">The Cherokee</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">7</span></li>
+<li>Part II. <a href="#pt2">Occoneechee</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">21</span></li>
+<li>Part III. <a href="#pt3">Myths of the Cherokee</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">127</span></li>
+<li>Part IV. <a href="#pt4">Glossary of Cherokee Words</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">197</span></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div1 contents"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h2 class="main">ILLUSTRATIONS</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#frontispiece">Portrait of Robert Frank Jarrett</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">Frontispiece</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p009">Tuckaseigee Falls, above Dillsboro</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">9</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p021">Along Scott&rsquo;s Creek, below Balsam</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">21</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p026-1">Sunset from Mt. Junaluska</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">26</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p026-2">Lake Junaluska, near Waynesville</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">26</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p037-1">A Glimpse of the Craggies</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">37</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p037-2">From Top of Chimney Rock</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">37</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p037-3">Graybeard Mountain</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">37</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p037-4">Chimney Top</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">37</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p043-1">Upper Catawba Falls, Esmeralda</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">43</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p043-2">Occoneechee Falls, Jackson County</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">43</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p043-3">In the Cherokee Country</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">43</span><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb6" href="#pb6"
+name="pb6">6</a>]</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p043-4">Whitewater Falls</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">43</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p051-1">The Balsam Mountains in Jackson Co.</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">51</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p051-2">North from Sunset Rock, Tryon Mt.</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">51</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p067-1">Balsam Mountains</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">67</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p067-2">From Bald Rock</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">67</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p073">Lower Cullasaja Falls</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">73</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p077-1">Mount Pisgah</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">77</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p077-2">Indian Mound, Franklin, N. C.</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">77</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p081">Tallulah Falls, Ga.</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">81</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p091-1">Whiteside Mountain</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">91</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p099-1">Tennessee River, above Franklin</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">99</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p099-2">Lake Toxaway</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">99</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p107-1">Tomb of Junaluska, Robbinsville</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">107</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p107-2">Where the Serpent Coiled</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">107</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p117-1">Harvesting at Cullowhee, N. C.</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">117</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p117-2">Craggy Mountains from near Asheville</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">117</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p129-1">Sequoya</a>, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+<span class="tocPageNum">129</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p129-2">John Ax, the Great Story Teller</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">129</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p129-3">Everglades of Florida</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">129</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p139">Tuckaseigee River</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">139</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p153-1">Kanuga Lake</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">153</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p153-2">Lake Fairfield</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">153</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p153-3">Pacolet River, Hendersonville</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">153</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p171-1">A Cherokee Indian Ball Team</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">171</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p171-2">The Pools, Chimney Rock</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">171</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p185-1">French Broad River</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">185</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p185-2">Broad River</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">185</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p191-1">From the Toxaway</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">191</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p191-2">Chimney Top Gap</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">191</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p197">Chimney Rock</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">197</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p237-2">Occonestee Falls</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">237</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p237-2">Linville Falls</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">237</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p237-3">Triple Falls, Buck Forest</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">237</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p284-1">High Falls, Buck Forest</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">284</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p284-2">Melrose Falls, Tryon, N. C.</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">284</span></li>
+</ul>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb7" href="#pb7" name=
+"pb7">7</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="body">
+<div id="pt1" class="div0 part">
+<h2 class="label">PART I</h2>
+<h2 class="main">THE CHEROKEE</h2>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb8" href="#pb8" name=
+"pb8">8</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;I know not how the truth may be,</p>
+<p class="line">I tell the tale as &rsquo;twas told to me.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb9" href="#pb9" name=
+"pb9">9</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="div1 contents"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h2 class="main">THE CHEROKEE.</h2>
+<h2 class="sub"><i>A brief history of the Cherokee Nation or
+tribe.</i></h2>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">This history has been gleaned from the works of
+Ethnology by James Mooney and from word of mouth, as related to the
+author during the past thirty years.</p>
+<p class="par">In the beginning of historical events, we hear of man in
+his paradisaical home, located somewhere within the boundaries known as
+ancient Egypt or Chaldea. His home was far away and his former history
+shrouded in the darkness of countless centuries of the past, and when
+we contemplate the remoteness of his ancestry, we become lost in the
+midst of our own research.</p>
+<p class="par">When historical light began to flash from the Orient, we
+find man emerging with some degree of civilization from a barbaric
+state into the advanced degrees of civilized and enlightened
+tribes.</p>
+<p class="par">When the maritime navigator, full of visions and dreams,
+dared to sail for those hitherto undiscovered shores, now known as
+America, there lived within the realm a wandering, happy, yet
+untutored, race of men whom we afterwards called Indians, who dwelt in
+great numbers along the whole distance from Penobscot Bay south to the
+everglades of Florida.</p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e532width" id="p009"><img src="images/p009.jpg"
+alt="Tuckaseigee Falls, above Dillsboro, N. C." width="462" height=
+"720">
+<p class="figureHead">Tuckaseigee Falls, above Dillsboro, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;All along the racing river</p>
+<p class="line">Gorgeous forest trees are seen.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par">Among the more noted tribes were the Abnaki, Mohawk,
+Mohican, Huron, Iroquois, Munsi, Erie, Seneca, Susquehanna, Mamrahoac,
+Powhatan, Monacan, Nollaway, Tuscarora, Pamlico, Catawba, Santee,
+Uchee, Yamasee, Creek, Choctaw, Seminole, Showano and Cherokee, but of
+all of these it is left for us to speak alone of the valiant Cherokee,
+the most noble of all Red <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb10" href=
+"#pb10" name="pb10">10</a>]</span>Men, who inhabited that picturesque
+country in the Appalachian chain of mountains in East Tennessee,
+Western North Carolina, Northern Georgia, South Carolina and Alabama,
+and part of Virginia, Kentucky and West Virginia.</p>
+<p class="par">These are the people of whom little has been said and
+less written than most of the children of men. Yet of all of the native
+Americans the Cherokee tribe was the most noble, humane and
+intelligent.</p>
+<p class="par">Somewhere in the annals of the Aborigines of America,
+the Cherokee separated from the great Northern tribe, the Iroquois, and
+by preference inhabited the hills of the Appalachian range, and here we
+find them early in the dawn of American history, occupying a country
+which affords ample environment for the artist, the poet and the
+painter. Had Homer seen and Michelangelo traveled among the towering
+hills of the happiest land of earth, the song and the chisel, instead
+of being draped with the vail of blood, would have inspired the world
+to look forward to the time when there will be no death serenely
+sitting upon the throne of war.</p>
+<p class="par">At one time the Cherokee tribe was the largest and most
+learned in art and literature of any tribe in the United States, having
+perhaps as many as twenty-five thousand people, and attained, under
+Sequoya, whose photograph is herein reproduced, that degree of
+learning, that many of the tribe became quite familiar with letters and
+literature, printed from the alphabet invented by this noted man,
+inventor and devout preacher of the Christian gospel.</p>
+<p class="par">Sequoya was himself an untutored half-breed, yet to him
+are we indebted for an alphabet of 76 characters which stands third
+among the alphabets which have been invented among men, and by which a
+Cherokee child <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb11" href="#pb11" name=
+"pb11">11</a>]</span>learns to read as fluently in six months of study
+as does the average English child in three years of study under our
+system.</p>
+<p class="par">The name Cherokee, so far as research reveals, has no
+meaning or the meaning has been lost or perhaps Anglicized, but we have
+authority for its use, for the past 375 years.</p>
+<p class="par">When De Soto&rsquo;s expedition was made through the
+Appalachian mountains, in 1540, he encountered this great and friendly
+nation living peacefully in their paradise among the hills and
+mountains, who received him as they were wont to receive a friendly
+tribe; so did they ever receive and treat the white neighbor until
+treaty after treaty had been broken and their homes had been destroyed
+and every compact violated.</p>
+<p class="par">Hostilities were in most cases caused by encroaching
+whites and broken promises and intrigues of the foreigners, who were
+gradually drawing the cordon around the diminishing tribe.</p>
+<p class="par">The battle of Horseshoe Bend, which took place in the
+Tallapoosa river, in Alabama, on the 27th day of March, 1814, was one
+of the notable events in Cherokee history, where Junaluska, in
+conjunction with General Jackson, slaughtered or massacred nearly one
+thousand Creeks, which ended the Creek war and brought much honor to
+Junaluska and his valiant Cherokee army of more than 500 men.</p>
+<p class="par">For the terrors which followed the battle of Horseshoe
+Bend, we have only to refer to history to be able to ascertain the
+facts concerning the bloody atrocities which were perpetrated upon an
+oppressed people. Then came the end, which occurred in the year 1838,
+which culminated in the removal of the band to the Indian Territory,
+which is now called Oklahoma, (a Choctaw word meaning red people, Okla,
+people; homa, red). <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb12" href="#pb12"
+name="pb12">12</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">This removal was the most luckless and recreant of all
+the abuses that had been heaped upon the brave but helpless band of
+Cherokee.</p>
+<p class="par">Junaluska, who witnessed the removal, but was permitted
+to remain with the residue, remarked that had he known that General
+Jackson (who became President), would have removed the Cherokee in such
+a brutal manner, he would have killed him at the battle of Horseshoe
+Bend.</p>
+<p class="par">The history of the removal of the Cherokee, as told by
+James Mooney of the Department of American Ethnology, gleaned by him
+from eye witnesses and actors in the tragedy, may well exceed in weight
+of grief and pathos any other act in American history. Even the much
+sung song of the exile of the Arcadians falls far behind it in the sum
+of death and misery.</p>
+<p class="par">Under General Winfield Scott, an army of 5,000
+volunteers and regular troops were concentrated in the Cherokee
+country, and by instruction from Washington, D. C., he was directed and
+gave orders to soldiers to gather all Indians to the various stockades,
+which had been previously prepared for their reception. From these
+posts, squads of soldiers were sent to search out, with rifle and
+bayonet, every small cabin which could be found within the
+ramifications and deep recesses of the great Appalachian range of
+mountains, and bring to the forts every man, woman and child to be
+found within the gates of the granite hills.</p>
+<p class="par">Families, while sitting peacefully at the noon-day meal;
+others while performing the matutinal ablution, were suddenly startled
+by the gleam of bayonets and with blows, curses and oaths from the men
+called soldiers, the Indians were driven like cattle from their humble
+homes down the rugged mountain paths, and their houses in <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb13" href="#pb13" name="pb13">13</a>]</span>many
+cases were burned and their small possessions destroyed, as the brave
+but defenceless Cherokee people looked on with that wonderful stoicism
+which no other race of men ever possessed.</p>
+<p class="par">Men were seized in the fields, women torn from the wheel
+and the distaff, and children frightened from the pleasures of play.
+The vandals who followed in the wake of the soldiery, looting and
+pillaging, burning and destroying, yet calling themselves civilized
+Christians, were such a band of outlaws as is seldom seen even among
+the most savage and barbaric races.</p>
+<p class="par">Even Indian graves were robbed of the silver pendants
+and other valuables which had been deposited with the dead. Women who
+were not able to go, were actually forced at the point of a bayonet to
+march with the same speed as men.</p>
+<p class="par">Upon one occasion the soldiers surrounded the house of
+an old Christian patriot, who when informed as to what was to take
+place, called his wife, children and grandchildren around him, kneeling
+down among them offered a last prayer in the sanctuary of his home, in
+his native tongue, while the soldiers stood astonished, looking on in
+silence.</p>
+<p class="par">When his devotions were finished, he arose, bade the
+household follow him, and he led them into exile, with that becoming
+Christian fortitude which is seldom witnessed among men.</p>
+<p class="par">One woman, on finding the house surrounded, went to the
+door and called up the chickens, fed them for the last time, bade them
+farewell, then taking her baby upon her back, she extended her hands to
+her other two small children, then followed her husband into exile,
+from whence she never returned.</p>
+<p class="par">A Georgia volunteer, who afterwards became a
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb14" href="#pb14" name=
+"pb14">14</a>]</span>Colonel in the Confederate service, said, &ldquo;I
+have fought through the Civil War and have seen men shot to pieces and
+slaughtered by the thousands, but the Cherokee removal was the most
+cruel work I ever witnessed.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">All were not thus so submissive. One old man named
+Tsali, &ldquo;Charlie,&rdquo; was seized, with his wife, his brother,
+his three sons and their families; exasperated at the brutality
+accorded his wife, who being unable to travel fast, was prodded with
+the bayonets to hasten her steps, he urged the other men to join him in
+a dash for liberty, and as he spoke in Cherokee, the soldiers, although
+they heard, understood nothing until each warrior suddenly sprang upon
+the soldier nearest and endeavored to wrench his gun from him. The
+attack was so sudden and unexpected that one soldier was killed and the
+rest fled, while the Indians escaped to the mountains. Hundreds of
+others, some of them from the various stockades, managed also to escape
+to the hills and mountains from time to time, where those who did not
+die from starvation subsisted on roots and wild berries until the hunt
+was over.</p>
+<p class="par">Finding that it was impossible to secure these
+fugitives, General Scott finally tendered them a proposition, through
+Colonel W. H. Thomas, known as Wil-Usdi in Cherokee, their trusted
+friend and chief, that if they would bring Charlie and his party for
+punishment, the rest would be allowed to remain until their case could
+be adjusted by the Government.</p>
+<p class="par">On hearing of the proposition, Charlie voluntarily came
+in with his sons, offering himself as a sacrifice for his people.</p>
+<p class="par">By command of General Scott, Charlie, his brother and
+the two elder sons were shot, near the mouth of Tuckaseigee river, a
+detachment of Cherokee prisoners <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb15"
+href="#pb15" name="pb15">15</a>]</span>being compelled to do the
+shooting in order to impress upon the Indians the fact of their utter
+helplessness.</p>
+<p class="par">From those fugitives thus permitted to remain,
+originated the present eastern band of Cherokee.</p>
+<p class="par">When nearly 17,000 Cherokee had been gathered into the
+stockades, the removal began.</p>
+<p class="par">Early in June several parties, aggregating about five
+thousand persons, were brought down by the troops to the old agency on
+Hiwassee river, at the present Calhoun, Tenn., and to Ross landing (now
+Chattanooga, Tenn.) and to Gunter&rsquo;s landing (now Guntersville,
+Ala.) lower down on the Tennessee, where they were put upon steamers
+and transported down the Tennessee and Ohio to the farther side of the
+Mississippi, whence their journey was continued by land to Indian
+Territory (now Oklahoma).</p>
+<p class="par">The removal in the the hottest part of the year was
+attended with so great sickness and mortality that, by resolution of
+the Cherokee National Council, John Ross and the other chiefs submitted
+to General Scott a proposition that the Cherokee be allowed to remove
+themselves in the fall, after the sickly season ended. This was granted
+on condition that all should have started by the 20th of October,
+except the sick and aged, who might not be able to move so rapidly.
+Accordingly, officers were appointed by the Cherokee council to take
+charge of the emigration; the Indians being organized into detachments
+averaging one thousand each, with two leaders in charge of each
+department, and a sufficient number of wagons and horses for the
+purpose.</p>
+<p class="par">In this way the remainder, enrolled at about 13,000,
+(including a few negro slaves), started on the long march overland late
+in the fall. Those who thus emigrated under the management of their own
+officers, assembled <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb16" href="#pb16"
+name="pb16">16</a>]</span>at Rattlesnake Springs, near the present
+Charleston, Tenn., where a final council was held, in which it was
+decided to continue their old constitution and laws in their new home.
+Then, in October, 1838, the long procession of exiles was set in
+motion. A few went by the river route, but nearly all went overland.
+Crossing, to the north side of the Hiwassee river, at a ferry above
+Gunter&rsquo;s Creek, they proceeded down along the river, the sick,
+aged and children, together with their belongings, being hauled in
+wagons, the rest on foot or on horses.</p>
+<p class="par">It was like an army, 645 wagons, regiment after
+regiment, the wagons in the center, the officers along the line, and
+the horsemen on the flank and at the rear.</p>
+<p class="par">Tennessee river was crossed at Tucker&rsquo;s ferry, a
+short distance above Jolly&rsquo;s Island, at the mouth of Hiwassee;
+thence the route lay south of Pikeville, through McMinnville, and on to
+Nashville, where the Cumberland was crossed.</p>
+<p class="par">They then went on to Hopkinsville, where the noted chief
+White Path, in charge of a detachment, sickened and died. His people
+buried him by the roadside, with a box over the grave and poles with
+streamers around it, that the others coming on behind might note the
+spot and remember him.</p>
+<p class="par">Somewhere along that march of death&mdash;for the exiles
+died by tens and twenties every day of the journey&mdash;the devoted
+wife of the noted chief, John Ross, sank down and died, leaving him to
+go on with bitter pain of bereavement added to the heartbreak at the
+ruin and desolation of his nation.</p>
+<p class="par">The Ohio was crossed at a ferry near the mouth of the
+Cumberland, and the army passed on through southern Illinois until the
+great Mississippi was reached, opposite <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb17" href="#pb17" name="pb17">17</a>]</span>Cape Girardean, Missouri.
+It was now the middle of winter, with the river running full of ice, so
+that several detachments were obliged to wait some time on the eastern
+bank for the channel to become clear.</p>
+<p class="par">Information furnished by old men at Tahlequah after the
+lapse of fifty years showed that time had not sufficed to wipe out the
+memory of the miseries of that halt beside the frozen river, with
+hundreds of sick and dying penned up in wagons or stretched upon the
+ground, with only a blanket overhead to keep out the January blast.</p>
+<p class="par">The crossing was at last made, in two divisions, at Cape
+Girardean and Green&rsquo;s ferry, a short distance below, whence the
+march was continued on through Missouri to Indian Territory, the later
+detachment making a northerly circuit by Springfield, because those who
+had gone before had killed off all the game along the direct route.</p>
+<p class="par">They had started in October, 1838, and it was now March,
+1839, the journey having occupied nearly six months of the hardest part
+of the year.</p>
+<p class="par">It is difficult to state positively as to the mortality
+and loss by reason of the removal of this once happy nation, but as
+near as can be ascertained, more than four thousand persons perished
+along the great highway of death.</p>
+<p class="par">On the arrival in Indian Territory, the exiles at once
+set about building houses and planting crops, the government having
+agreed under treaty to furnish them rations for one year after arrival.
+They were welcomed by their kindred, the &ldquo;Old Settlers,&rdquo;
+who held the country under previous treaties of 1828 and 1833. These,
+however, being already regularly organized under a government and
+chiefs of their own, were by no means disposed to be swallowed by the
+governmental authority of the newcomers. <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb18" href="#pb18" name="pb18">18</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Jealousies developed, in which the minority or treaty
+party of the emigrants, headed by Major Ridge, took sides with the old
+settlers against John Ross of the National party, which outnumbered the
+others nearly three to one.</p>
+<p class="par">While these differences were at their height, the Nation
+was thrown into a fever of excitement by the news that Major Ridge, his
+son, John Ridge, and Elias Boudinot&mdash;all leaders of the treaty
+party&mdash;had been killed by adherents of the National party,
+immediately after the adjournment of a general council, which had
+adjourned after nearly two weeks of debate without having been able to
+bring about harmonious action. Major Ridge was waylaid and shot near
+the Arkansas line, his son was taken from bed and cut to pieces with
+hatchets, while Boudinot was treacherously killed at his home at Park
+Hill, Indian Territory, all three being killed upon the same day, June
+22, 1839, which date marks the decline and fall of a once great and
+happy people. For fifty years which followed this luckless day in June,
+Indian Territory became a veritable theater of crime and disorder.</p>
+<p class="par">From the South meridian of the sunflower state, to the
+cypress banks of the Red river, and from Fort Smith to the shifting
+sands of the great plains, for half a century sheltered a coterie of
+actors that would have made Robin Hood or Kit Carson blush with envy.
+The soil of the five tribes has been moistened with human blood when
+there was none to answer the cry for vengeance; when no sound save the
+deadly snap of the Winchester and the pit-pat of the bronchos' hoofs
+were there to bear testimony. Now, those who incited intrigue and
+murder are gone, the desperado is a thing of the past, the brave men
+who enlisted in the hazardous governmental service <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb19" href="#pb19" name="pb19">19</a>]</span>to give
+them battle have disappeared, and the sound of the firing Winchester
+used in deadly conflict, has been replaced by the reaper and the mower,
+and toilers in the field of commerce and industry.</p>
+<p class="par">The Indian tribe has been supplanted by the American
+Government; and the school and church have taken the place of the chase
+and the feud. Where the wild flowers nodded far out on the lonely
+plain, vast fields of wheat and corn whisper the great name of
+Oklahoma.</p>
+<p class="par">At this writing the eastern band of Cherokee is about to
+be dissolved, their lands allotted, and in a few more decades the
+Cherokee will have passed, and the name will be presented only in old
+records and in the hearts of their descendants. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb21" href="#pb21" name="pb21">21</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="pt2" class="div0 part">
+<h2 class="label">PART II</h2>
+<h2 class="main">OCCONEECHEE</h2>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e664width" id="p021"><img src="images/p021.jpg"
+alt="Along Scott&rsquo;s Creek, below Balsam, N. C." width="462"
+height="720">
+<p class="figureHead">Along Scott&rsquo;s Creek, below Balsam, N.
+C.</p>
+<p class="par first">(Highest railway point East of the Rocky Mts.)</p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Rippling, idling, swirling slowly,</p>
+<p class="line">Leaping down a waterfall.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb23" href="#pb23" name=
+"pb23">23</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="div1 poem"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h2 class="main">OCCONEECHEE,</h2>
+<h2 class="main">The Maid of the Mystic Lake,</h2>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first xd23e136">by Robert Frank Jarrett.</p>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="main">I.</h3>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Far away beneath the shadows</p>
+<p class="line">Of the towering Smoky range,</p>
+<p class="line">In the Western North Carolina,</p>
+<p class="line">Comes a story true, but strange;</p>
+<p class="line">Of a maiden and her lover,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the tribe of Cherokee,</p>
+<p class="line">And she lived far up the mountain,</p>
+<p class="line">Near the hills of Tennessee.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Far above the habitation</p>
+<p class="line">Of the white man, and the plain,</p>
+<p class="line">Lived the dark-eyed Indian maiden,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the Junaluska strain;</p>
+<p class="line">Junaluska, chief, her father,</p>
+<p class="line">Occoneechee was his pride,</p>
+<p class="line">In the lonely little wigwam,</p>
+<p class="line">High upon the mountain side.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb24" href="#pb24" name=
+"pb24">24</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">There the stream Oconaluftee</p>
+<p class="line">Hides its source far from the eye,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the white man in his rovings,</p>
+<p class="line">Far upon the mountain high;</p>
+<p class="line">And the forest land primeval,</p>
+<p class="line">Roamed by doe and wandering bear,</p>
+<p class="line">And the hissing, coiling serpent,</p>
+<p class="line">Was no stranger to them there.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Catamount and mountain-boomer</p>
+<p class="line">Sprang from cliff-side into trees,</p>
+<p class="line">And the eagle, hawk and vulture</p>
+<p class="line">Winged their course on every breeze.</p>
+<p class="line">At the footfall of this maiden</p>
+<p class="line">Sped the gobbler wild and free,</p>
+<p class="line">From the maiden Occoneechee</p>
+<p class="line">Flitted butterfly and bee.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Occoneechee, forest dweller,</p>
+<p class="line">Lived amid the scene so wild;</p>
+<p class="line">In the simple Indian manner</p>
+<p class="line">Lived old Junaluska&rsquo;s child.</p>
+<p class="line">Streams of purest limpid water</p>
+<p class="line">Gushed forth o&rsquo;er the rock below,</p>
+<p class="line">And the trout and silver minnow</p>
+<p class="line">Dwelt in water, cold as snow.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb25" href="#pb25" name=
+"pb25">25</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Occoneechee&rsquo;s Mother Qualla</p>
+<p class="line">Passed away from earth to God,</p>
+<p class="line">When this maiden was a baby</p>
+<p class="line">And was covered by the sod.</p>
+<p class="line">High upon the rugged mountain,</p>
+<p class="line">Far above the haunts of men,</p>
+<p class="line">With their burdens and their sorrows,</p>
+<p class="line">And their load of care and sin.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Thus the maiden knew no mother,</p>
+<p class="line">Knew no love as most maids know,</p>
+<p class="line">Heard no song, as sung by mother,</p>
+<p class="line">Softly, sweetly, plaintive, slow.</p>
+<p class="line">When the twilight came at evening,</p>
+<p class="line">And the wigwam fire was lit,</p>
+<p class="line">And the bearskin robe was spread out</p>
+<p class="line">Upon which they were to sit,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Junaluska wept his Qualla,</p>
+<p class="line">Wept the lover who had flown,</p>
+<p class="line">For she was the only lover</p>
+<p class="line">That this chieftain&rsquo;s heart had known;</p>
+<p class="line">And at night, there was no lover</p>
+<p class="line">To sit by him on the rug,</p>
+<p class="line">Made of skins of bear and woodchuck,</p>
+<p class="line">In the wigwam, crude but snug.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb26" href="#pb26" name=
+"pb26">26</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">And at times he&rsquo;d stand at evening,</p>
+<p class="line">When the sun was setting low,</p>
+<p class="line">And would watch with adoration</p>
+<p class="line">Shifting clouds and scenes below;</p>
+<p class="line">And his soul would want to wander</p>
+<p class="line">Where the clime of setting sun</p>
+<p class="line">Would reveal his long lost Qualla,</p>
+<p class="line">When his work of life was done.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e849width" id="p026-1"><img src=
+"images/p026-1.jpg" alt="Sunset from Mt. Junaluska." width="649"
+height="477">
+<p class="figureHead">Sunset from Mt. Junaluska.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;And his soul was wont to wander</p>
+<p class="line">To the clime of setting sun.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e863width" id="p026-2"><img src=
+"images/p026-2.jpg" alt=
+"Lake Junaluska, Mount Junaluska in the distance." width="640" height=
+"372">
+<p class="figureHead">Lake Junaluska, Mount Junaluska in the
+distance.</p>
+<p class="par first">(Near Waynesville, N. C.)</p>
+<p class="par">This beautiful lake with Alpine environment is
+officially recognized by Methodists as their Assembly grounds, where
+thousands of their faith gather during the summer months each year for
+social and religious intercourse.</p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">And the tears would fill his eyelids,</p>
+<p class="line">And emotion shake his frame,</p>
+<p class="line">When he thought of her departed,</p>
+<p class="line">Or some friend would speak her name.</p>
+<p class="line">And he&rsquo;d call on God the spirit,</p>
+<p class="line">When he&rsquo;d see the golden glow</p>
+<p class="line">Of the radiant splendid sunset,</p>
+<p class="line">Where he ever longed to go.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then he&rsquo;d think of Occoneechee,</p>
+<p class="line">In her adolescent years,</p>
+<p class="line">How she needed his protection</p>
+<p class="line">There to drive away her fears.</p>
+<p class="line">Then he&rsquo;d cease his deep repining,</p>
+<p class="line">And his wailing and his grief,</p>
+<p class="line">For her future and her beauty</p>
+<p class="line">Brought the chieftain&rsquo;s heart relief.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb27" href="#pb27" name=
+"pb27">27</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Though the life of Occoneechee</p>
+<p class="line">Was one lonely strange career,</p>
+<p class="line">And the solitude and silence</p>
+<p class="line">Made the romance of it drear,</p>
+<p class="line">While the wildness of the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">With the animals that roam,</p>
+<p class="line">And the birds in great profusion</p>
+<p class="line">Cheered her little wigwam home,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Yet her spirit, like the eagle&rsquo;s,</p>
+<p class="line">Longed to soar off and be free</p>
+<p class="line">From the wilds of gorge and mountain,</p>
+<p class="line">Stream and cliff and crag and tree.</p>
+<p class="line">And one day there came a red man</p>
+<p class="line">Wandering up the mountain side,</p>
+<p class="line">From the vale Oconaluftee</p>
+<p class="line">Which was every Indian&rsquo;s pride.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Tall and handsome, agile runner,</p>
+<p class="line">And the keenness of his eye</p>
+<p class="line">Did betray his quick perception</p>
+<p class="line">To the casual passer-by.</p>
+<p class="line">Hair hung down in long black tresses,</p>
+<p class="line">Far below his shoulder-blade,</p>
+<p class="line">And the brilliant painted feathers</p>
+<p class="line">By the passing winds were swayed.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb28" href="#pb28" name=
+"pb28">28</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">And the arrows in his quiver</p>
+<p class="line">Tipped with variegated stone,</p>
+<p class="line">And the tomahawk and war knife,</p>
+<p class="line">All the weapons he had known;</p>
+<p class="line">Yet he knew all of their uses,</p>
+<p class="line">None could wield with greater skill</p>
+<p class="line">Tomahawk or knife or arrow,</p>
+<p class="line">Than this wandering Whippoorwill.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Occoneechee, sitting lonely,</p>
+<p class="line">In a shady little nook,</p>
+<p class="line">Near the opening, by the wigwam,</p>
+<p class="line">And the babbling crystal brook;</p>
+<p class="line">She was bathing feet and ankles,</p>
+<p class="line">Arms and hands she did refresh,</p>
+<p class="line">In the iridescent splendor</p>
+<p class="line">Of the fountain cool and fresh.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Whippoorwill, the wandering warrior,</p>
+<p class="line">Spied the maiden by the pool,</p>
+<p class="line">&lsquo;Neath the spreading tree above her,</p>
+<p class="line">By the limpid stream so cool;</p>
+<p class="line">Then he ventured there to tarry,</p>
+<p class="line">Watch and linger in the wild,</p>
+<p class="line">Near the maiden and the fountain,</p>
+<p class="line">Watch this forest-dwelling child.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb29" href="#pb29" name=
+"pb29">29</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Though a warrior, brave, undaunted</p>
+<p class="line">By the fiercest, wildest foe,</p>
+<p class="line">In the battle&rsquo;s hardest struggle,</p>
+<p class="line">Chasing bear and buck and doe;</p>
+<p class="line">For his life was used to hardships,</p>
+<p class="line">Scaling mountains in the chase,</p>
+<p class="line">Yet he ne&rsquo;er was known to falter</p>
+<p class="line">&lsquo;Mid the hottest of the race.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">But he now was moved by caution</p>
+<p class="line">To approach, with greatest care,</p>
+<p class="line">The unknown maid, there before him,</p>
+<p class="line">And the scene so rich and rare;</p>
+<p class="line">And his brave heart almost failed him</p>
+<p class="line">As he comes up to her side,</p>
+<p class="line">And obeisance makes he to her,</p>
+<p class="line">E&rsquo;er the chieftain she espied.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Occoneechee sprang up quickly</p>
+<p class="line">From the rock moss-covered seat,</p>
+<p class="line">All abashed, but lithe and nimble</p>
+<p class="line">Were her ankles and her feet.</p>
+<p class="line">&ldquo;O-I-see-you,&rdquo; were the greetings</p>
+<p class="line">They exchanged spontaneously,</p>
+<p class="line">As they moved off together.</p>
+<p class="line">Occoneechee leads the way,</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb30" href="#pb30" name=
+"pb30">30</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">To the quiet little wigwam,</p>
+<p class="line">Where old Junaluska dwells</p>
+<p class="line">With the maiden Occoneechee,</p>
+<p class="line">And for whom his heart up-wells.</p>
+<p class="line">Spreading out the flowing doe-skin</p>
+<p class="line">Flat upon the earthen floor,</p>
+<p class="line">Occoneechee and the warrior</p>
+<p class="line">Sat and talked the chases o&rsquo;er.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Sat and talked of bear and venison,</p>
+<p class="line">Sat and smoked the calumet.</p>
+<p class="line">These the greetings of the warrior,</p>
+<p class="line">When the maiden first he met.</p>
+<p class="line">Whippoorwill, the wandering warrior,</p>
+<p class="line">Tarried for a night and day,</p>
+<p class="line">Tarried long within the wigwam,</p>
+<p class="line">And was loath to go away,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">For the maid and Junaluska</p>
+<p class="line">To the warrior were so kind,</p>
+<p class="line">That &lsquo;twere hard among the tribesmen</p>
+<p class="line">Such a generous clan to find.</p>
+<p class="line">But at dawn upon the morrow,</p>
+<p class="line">Whippoorwill must wend his way</p>
+<p class="line">From old Junaluska&rsquo;s wigwam,</p>
+<p class="line">For too long had been his stay.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb31" href="#pb31" name=
+"pb31">31</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Kind affection, Junaluska</p>
+<p class="line">Gave to parting Whippoorwill,</p>
+<p class="line">As he sauntered from the wigwam,</p>
+<p class="line">Wandering toward the rugged rill.</p>
+<p class="line">Now the silence so unbroken</p>
+<p class="line">Starts a tear-drop in each eye,</p>
+<p class="line">And the gentle passing zephyr</p>
+<p class="line">Gathered up the lover&rsquo;s sigh,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">And the sighs were borne to heaven,</p>
+<p class="line">Like as lovers' sighs ascend,</p>
+<p class="line">As the good angelic zephyrs</p>
+<p class="line">Bear the message, friend to friend.</p>
+<p class="line">Now each heart was sore and lonely,</p>
+<p class="line">Sad the parting lovers feel,</p>
+<p class="line">Yet the hopes of love&rsquo;s devotion</p>
+<p class="line">Deep into each life did steal.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">And when Whippoorwill had left them,</p>
+<p class="line">Good old Junaluska said</p>
+<p class="line">To his daughter Occoneechee,</p>
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Would you like this brave to wed?&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="line">Occoneechee, timid maiden,</p>
+<p class="line">Never thought of love before,</p>
+<p class="line">For she ne&rsquo;er had spread the doe-skin</p>
+<p class="line">Wide upon the earthen floor,</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb32" href="#pb32" name=
+"pb32">32</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">For a warrior, brave as he was,</p>
+<p class="line">One possessed of skill so rare,</p>
+<p class="line">With his tomahawk and war knife,</p>
+<p class="line">And such long black raven hair;</p>
+<p class="line">And she knew not how to answer,</p>
+<p class="line">Though she felt as lovers do,</p>
+<p class="line">When they plight their deep devotion</p>
+<p class="line">To each other to be true.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Occoneechee! child of wild woods,</p>
+<p class="line">I am growing old and gray,</p>
+<p class="line">And I feel I soon must leave you,</p>
+<p class="line">Though I grieve to go away.</p>
+<p class="line">I can feel the hand of time, child,</p>
+<p class="line">Pressing down upon my head,</p>
+<p class="line">And I know it won&rsquo;t be long now</p>
+<p class="line">Till I&rsquo;m resting with the dead.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;I can hear your mother calling,</p>
+<p class="line">Sweetly, gently, calling me,</p>
+<p class="line">Beckoning from the golden sunset,</p>
+<p class="line">And she calls also for thee.</p>
+<p class="line">&rsquo;Twas just last night she stood beside me,</p>
+<p class="line">While you lay there sound asleep,</p>
+<p class="line">And she called me, &lsquo;Junaluska!&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="line">And her voice caused me to weep.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb33" href="#pb33" name=
+"pb33">33</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;And she said, &lsquo;Dear Junaluska,</p>
+<p class="line">I have come to tell you where</p>
+<p class="line">You will find me at the portals</p>
+<p class="line">Of the Lord&rsquo;s house over there.</p>
+<p class="line">I will be among the blessed,</p>
+<p class="line">Be with angels up on high.</p>
+<p class="line">Have no fears of Death&rsquo;s dark river,</p>
+<p class="line">Be courageous till you die.&rsquo;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Then she stood and sang a message</p>
+<p class="line">O&rsquo;er you in your lonely bed,</p>
+<p class="line">For a moment, then departed;</p>
+<p class="line">And I called, but she had fled.</p>
+<p class="line">Yet I daily hear her sweet voice,</p>
+<p class="line">And I see her image there,</p>
+<p class="line">As she calls us unto heaven,</p>
+<p class="line">&lsquo;Mid the pleasures, O, so rare.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;And I soon shall cross the river,</p>
+<p class="line">And will join her on the strand,</p>
+<p class="line">With immortals long departed,</p>
+<p class="line">In the fair, blest, happy land.</p>
+<p class="line">When I&rsquo;m gone you&rsquo;ll need protection,</p>
+<p class="line">By a brave who knows no fear,</p>
+<p class="line">And when sorrows overflow you,</p>
+<p class="line">One to wipe away the tear.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb34" href="#pb34" name=
+"pb34">34</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Then I&rsquo;ll watch and wait with Qualla,</p>
+<p class="line">With the chiefs and warriors brave,</p>
+<p class="line">Who have joined the tribe eternal,</p>
+<p class="line">Conquered death, hell and the grave.</p>
+<p class="line">I shall watch then for your coming,</p>
+<p class="line">And I&rsquo;ll tell the mighty throng</p>
+<p class="line">That you&rsquo;re coming in the future,</p>
+<p class="line">And we&rsquo;ll greet you with the song,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;That the seraphs sing in glory,</p>
+<p class="line">Casting gem crowns at the feet,</p>
+<p class="line">Praising Him who reigns forever</p>
+<p class="line">On the grand tribunal seat.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="line">As he talked his voice grew weaker,</p>
+<p class="line">And his hand grew very chill,</p>
+<p class="line">Then the moisture crowned his forehead,</p>
+<p class="line">And his pulse was deathly still.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then she knew that her dear mother</p>
+<p class="line">And the great chiefs that had been</p>
+<p class="line">Had op&rsquo;ed the gate of heaven wide</p>
+<p class="line">To let another brave chief in.</p>
+<p class="line">Then she sobbed out for her father,</p>
+<p class="line">As a broken-hearted child</p>
+<p class="line">Will for loved ones just departed,</p>
+<p class="line">Left so lonely in the wild.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb35" href="#pb35" name=
+"pb35">35</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">But the dead, too soon forgotten,</p>
+<p class="line">Now lies buried by the side</p>
+<p class="line">Of his much lamented Qualla,</p>
+<p class="line">Once his sweet and lovely bride,</p>
+<p class="line">While their spirits dwell together,</p>
+<p class="line">Free from care and want and pain,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the tempest full of sorrow</p>
+<p class="line">Ne&rsquo;er can reach their souls again.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Years had flown since Occoneechee</p>
+<p class="line">Saw her loving Whippoorwill,</p>
+<p class="line">High upon the Smoky Mountain,</p>
+<p class="line">Near the crystal rippling rill;</p>
+<p class="line">For the white man had transported</p>
+<p class="line">Brave and squaw and little child</p>
+<p class="line">Far away to Oklahoma,</p>
+<p class="line">To the western hills so wild.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Some had gone to the Dakotas,</p>
+<p class="line">Some had gone to Mexico,</p>
+<p class="line">Some had joined the tribe eternal;</p>
+<p class="line">All were going, sure but slow.</p>
+<p class="line">For the white man&rsquo;s occupation,</p>
+<p class="line">Cherokee must give their land,</p>
+<p class="line">And must give up all possessions,</p>
+<p class="line">Go and join some other band.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb36" href="#pb36" name=
+"pb36">36</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Yet a residue of tribesmen</p>
+<p class="line">Were allowed here to remain,</p>
+<p class="line">&lsquo;Mid the mountains and the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">And the meadows and the plain,</p>
+<p class="line">But the strong men and the warriors,</p>
+<p class="line">Most of them had gone away,</p>
+<p class="line">Far across the mighty mountains</p>
+<p class="line">Toward the closing of the day.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">General Jackson&rsquo;s men in blue coats</p>
+<p class="line">Came and took away the braves,</p>
+<p class="line">Took away the squaw and papoose,</p>
+<p class="line">Buried many in their graves,</p>
+<p class="line">Yet the residue triumphant,</p>
+<p class="line">Roamed out in the forest wild,</p>
+<p class="line">Without shelter, food or comfort,</p>
+<p class="line">For decrepid chief and child.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Sad and weary, long and dreary,</p>
+<p class="line">Moved the Cherokee out West,</p>
+<p class="line">With their store of skins and venison,</p>
+<p class="line">And the trinkets they possessed.</p>
+<p class="line">Up across the Smoky Mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Rough and rugged trail and road,</p>
+<p class="line">Lined by rhododendron blossoms,</p>
+<p class="line">Close beside where Lufty flowed.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb37" href="#pb37" name=
+"pb37">37</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">When they down the gorge descended,</p>
+<p class="line">Winding toward the Tennessee,</p>
+<p class="line">Branch and bough o&rsquo;erhead were bending</p>
+<p class="line">And no landscape could they see,</p>
+<p class="line">And the labyrinthian footway</p>
+<p class="line">Led through forests dense and dark</p>
+<p class="line">And the air was sweetly laden</p>
+<p class="line">With the bruised birchen bark;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="table">
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft cellTop">
+<div class="figure xd23e1451width" id="p037-1"><img src=
+"images/p037-1.jpg" alt="A glimpse of the Craggies." width="328"
+height="506">
+<p class="figureHead">A glimpse of the Craggies.</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+<td class="cellRight cellTop">
+<div class="figure xd23e1456width" id="p037-2"><img src=
+"images/p037-2.jpg" alt="From top of Chimney Rock." width="332" height=
+"511">
+<p class="figureHead">From top of Chimney Rock.</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft cellBottom">
+<div class="figure xd23e1462width" id="p037-3"><img src=
+"images/p037-3.jpg" alt="Graybeard Mountain." width="332" height="509">
+<p class="figureHead">Graybeard Mountain.</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+<td class="cellRight cellBottom">
+<div class="figure xd23e1467width" id="p037-4"><img src=
+"images/p037-4.jpg" alt="Chimney Top." width="334" height="513">
+<p class="figureHead">Chimney Top.</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Hemlocks tall and swaying gently</p>
+<p class="line">In the sighing passing breeze,</p>
+<p class="line">And the fir and spreading balsam</p>
+<p class="line">Joined the cadence of the trees.</p>
+<p class="line">At the base of birch and hemlock</p>
+<p class="line">Flowed the Pigeon fierce and bold,</p>
+<p class="line">With its water clear as crystal,</p>
+<p class="line">And its fountains icy cold;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Flowed the dauntless rapid waters,</p>
+<p class="line">Fresh and pure and ever free,</p>
+<p class="line">Rushed o&rsquo;er cataract and cascade,</p>
+<p class="line">Ever onward toward the sea.</p>
+<p class="line">Whippoorwill, the wandering warrior,</p>
+<p class="line">Shorn of power and of pride,</p>
+<p class="line">Marched in single file and lonely,</p>
+<p class="line">With his hands behind him tied.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb38" href="#pb38" name=
+"pb38">38</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Hands were bound with thongs and fetters&mdash;</p>
+<p class="line">Thongs and fetters could not hold</p>
+<p class="line">Brave so gallant young and noble</p>
+<p class="line">As this valiant warrior bold.</p>
+<p class="line">For his thoughts of Occoneechee,</p>
+<p class="line">Who was left far, far behind,</p>
+<p class="line">With the residue of women,</p>
+<p class="line">Stirred his brave heart and his mind.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">On and on for days they traveled</p>
+<p class="line">By the stream whose silver flow,</p>
+<p class="line">From the great high Smoky Mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Became silent now and slow;</p>
+<p class="line">For the rocks and rising ridges,</p>
+<p class="line">Once their progress did impede,</p>
+<p class="line">Now were fading in the distance,</p>
+<p class="line">Could not now retard their speed.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">And the journey, long and tedious,</p>
+<p class="line">Wore the women, wore the brave,</p>
+<p class="line">And they sore and much lamented,</p>
+<p class="line">To be bound as serf or slave;</p>
+<p class="line">For their free-born spirits never</p>
+<p class="line">Had been bound by man before,</p>
+<p class="line">Till the blue-coat Jackson soldier</p>
+<p class="line">Came and dragged them from their door.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb39" href="#pb39" name=
+"pb39">39</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Corn was blooming on the lowlands</p>
+<p class="line">When the journey they betook,</p>
+<p class="line">And the grass gave much aroma,</p>
+<p class="line">By the laughing Soco brook;</p>
+<p class="line">But the suns and moons oft waning</p>
+<p class="line">Brought the moon of ripening corn</p>
+<p class="line">To a nation, broken-hearted,</p>
+<p class="line">With a doubting hope forlorn.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Level lands brought no enchantment</p>
+<p class="line">To a people who had known</p>
+<p class="line">Naught but freedom till the present,</p>
+<p class="line">Whose utopian dream had flown;</p>
+<p class="line">Flown as flows the radiant river,</p>
+<p class="line">Flown as flows the hopes of youth,</p>
+<p class="line">From the red man of the forest.</p>
+<p class="line">They were no more free, forsooth.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">By and by the Father Waters</p>
+<p class="line">Came in view of brave and squaw,</p>
+<p class="line">And the skiff and side-wheel steamer</p>
+<p class="line">Were the shifting scenes they saw,</p>
+<p class="line">Plying fast the Father Waters,</p>
+<p class="line">With a current slow and still,</p>
+<p class="line">And reverberating whistles</p>
+<p class="line">Shrieked a medley loud and shrill.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb40" href="#pb40" name=
+"pb40">40</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">And the ferryboat was busy,</p>
+<p class="line">Plying fast the liquid wave</p>
+<p class="line">Of the Father Water&rsquo;s current,</p>
+<p class="line">Bearing squaw and chief and brave,</p>
+<p class="line">Till the last brave Indian warrior</p>
+<p class="line">Crossed the Father Waters' tide,</p>
+<p class="line">Crossed the gentle flowing river,</p>
+<p class="line">With its current deep and wide.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then they rested from their journey,</p>
+<p class="line">Rested for a little while,</p>
+<p class="line">On the bluff above the river,</p>
+<p class="line">Where they saw her laughing smile.</p>
+<p class="line">They could see the sun at morning</p>
+<p class="line">Rise up quickly from his rest,</p>
+<p class="line">See him hasting to his zenith,</p>
+<p class="line">Soon to go down in the west.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then the winter came on quickly,</p>
+<p class="line">Killing corn and grass and cane,</p>
+<p class="line">And the wind brought cloudy weather,</p>
+<p class="line">With its snow and mist and rain,</p>
+<p class="line">And the tribe within the barracks</p>
+<p class="line">Were disheartened, one and all.</p>
+<p class="line">And they longed now for their Lufty,</p>
+<p class="line">With its cascade and its fall.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb41" href="#pb41" name=
+"pb41">41</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">But at last the genial sunshine</p>
+<p class="line">Took away the ice that froze</p>
+<p class="line">The corn of hope, from the tribesmen,</p>
+<p class="line">And the chilly wind that blows,</p>
+<p class="line">Along the valley, of the river,</p>
+<p class="line">Over bog and prairie, too;</p>
+<p class="line">And an order came with springtime,</p>
+<p class="line">&ldquo;You the journey must renew.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then they rose up in the morning,</p>
+<p class="line">Rose before the dawn of day,</p>
+<p class="line">Rolled and tied the tents together,</p>
+<p class="line">And were quickly on their way,</p>
+<p class="line">On their way to Oklahoma,</p>
+<p class="line">Out across Missouri land,</p>
+<p class="line">Chief and squaw and wary warrior,</p>
+<p class="line">Marched the Cherokee brave band.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">To the western reservation,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the bison and the owl,</p>
+<p class="line">And the she-wolf, fox and serpent</p>
+<p class="line">Writhe and roam and nightly prowl;</p>
+<p class="line">This the country where they took them,</p>
+<p class="line">This the country that they gave</p>
+<p class="line">In exchange for their own country,</p>
+<p class="line">To the chief and squaw and brave.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb42" href="#pb42" name=
+"pb42">42</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Leaving all they loved behind them,</p>
+<p class="line">Leaving all to them most dear,</p>
+<p class="line">And they settled there so lonely,</p>
+<p class="line">In a country dry and drear;</p>
+<p class="line">There to pine away in sorrow,</p>
+<p class="line">And repining, die of grief;</p>
+<p class="line">From the solitude and silence</p>
+<p class="line">Of this land there&rsquo;s no relief.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="main">II.</h3>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Amid the hills of Carolina,</p>
+<p class="line">Hills impregnant with rich bliss,</p>
+<p class="line">With their grots and groves and fountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Hills that love-beams love to kiss;</p>
+<p class="line">Roamed the dark, but pretty maiden,</p>
+<p class="line">Occoneechee, lovely child,</p>
+<p class="line">Roamed she far out in the mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">&lsquo;Mid their solitude so wild.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Dreamed she oft here, as she rambled,</p>
+<p class="line">Of her warrior Whippoorwill,</p>
+<p class="line">Of her lover, long her lover,</p>
+<p class="line">Whom she first met near the rill,</p>
+<p class="line">High upon the Smoky Mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the sunset&rsquo;s afterglow</p>
+<p class="line">Holds the secrets of Dame Nature</p>
+<p class="line">From the sons of men below.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb43" href="#pb43" name=
+"pb43">43</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Occoneechee sought her lover,</p>
+<p class="line">Down Oconaluftee&rsquo;s vale,</p>
+<p class="line">Through the brush and tangled wildwood,</p>
+<p class="line">Without compass, chart or trail,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the river Tuckaseigee</p>
+<p class="line">Dashes down its rocky bed,</p>
+<p class="line">Near a trail long since deserted,</p>
+<p class="line">Over which a tribe once sped.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="table">
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft cellTop">
+<div class="figure xd23e1794width" id="p043-1"><img src=
+"images/p043-1.jpg" alt="Upper Catawba Falls, Esmeralda, N. C." width=
+"326" height="505">
+<p class="figureHead">Upper Catawba Falls, Esmeralda, N. C.</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+<td class="cellRight cellTop">
+<div class="figure xd23e1799width" id="p043-2"><img src=
+"images/p043-2.jpg" alt="Occoneechee Falls, Jackson County, N. C."
+width="332" height="514">
+<p class="figureHead">Occoneechee Falls, Jackson County, N. C.</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft cellBottom">
+<div class="figure xd23e1805width" id="p043-3"><img src=
+"images/p043-3.jpg" alt="In the Cherokee Country." width="331" height=
+"507">
+<p class="figureHead">In the Cherokee Country.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Falls and foams and seethes forever.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+</td>
+<td class="cellRight cellBottom">
+<div class="figure xd23e1817width" id="p043-4"><img src=
+"images/p043-4.jpg" alt="Whitewater Falls." width="333" height="510">
+<p class="figureHead">Whitewater Falls.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Pours its deluge down the ravine</p>
+<p class="line">Unobstructed in its rage.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then she wandered down the river,</p>
+<p class="line">On and on, as on it flows,</p>
+<p class="line">Wades the river, wades its branches,</p>
+<p class="line">Follows it where&rsquo;er it goes</p>
+<p class="line">Through the laurel brush and ivy,</p>
+<p class="line">Over spreading beds of fern,</p>
+<p class="line">Over rock moss-covered ledges,</p>
+<p class="line">Follows every winding turn,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Till it flows into the river,</p>
+<p class="line">Called the Little Tennessee,</p>
+<p class="line">Here she lingers long and tarries,</p>
+<p class="line">And she strains her eyes to see</p>
+<p class="line">If her vision will reveal him,</p>
+<p class="line">And abates her breath to hear</p>
+<p class="line">The voice of Whippoorwill, her lover,</p>
+<p class="line">One of all to her most dear.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb44" href="#pb44" name=
+"pb44">44</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Yet no sound came to relieve her,</p>
+<p class="line">And no vision came to please,</p>
+<p class="line">And it never dawned upon her,</p>
+<p class="line">Here among the virgin trees,</p>
+<p class="line">That her lover was transported,</p>
+<p class="line">With the brave and chief and child</p>
+<p class="line">To the land of Oklahoma,</p>
+<p class="line">Land so lonely, weird and wild.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Up the stream she then ascended,</p>
+<p class="line">Slowly, surely did she march,</p>
+<p class="line">&lsquo;Neath the spreading oak and hemlock,</p>
+<p class="line">Resting oft beneath their arch.</p>
+<p class="line">Walls of solid spar and granite</p>
+<p class="line">Roared their heads up toward the blue,</p>
+<p class="line">But no wall or hill or river</p>
+<p class="line">Could impede the maiden true.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">She now reached the Nantahala,</p>
+<p class="line">Picturesque in every way,</p>
+<p class="line">And she rested &lsquo;neath the shadow</p>
+<p class="line">Of the mountain tall and gray;</p>
+<p class="line">High the mountain, clear the water,</p>
+<p class="line">That comes rushing down the side</p>
+<p class="line">Of the mountain from the forest</p>
+<p class="line">With its unpolluted tide.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb45" href="#pb45" name=
+"pb45">45</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Speckled beauties swam the water,</p>
+<p class="line">Swam as only they can do;</p>
+<p class="line">Deer in herds roamed all the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">Only Cherokees were few.</p>
+<p class="line">Eagles, swift upon their pinions,</p>
+<p class="line">Soared aloft upon the air,</p>
+<p class="line">They would turn their eyes to heaven,</p>
+<p class="line">Then down on the maiden fair,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">As to guard her in her roaming,</p>
+<p class="line">For she had no other guide,</p>
+<p class="line">Save one squaw and constellation,</p>
+<p class="line">And the racing river tide.</p>
+<p class="line">Birds had ceased their long migration,</p>
+<p class="line">Not a cloud disturbed the blue</p>
+<p class="line">Of the canopy of heaven,</p>
+<p class="line">And the country they passed through.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Nightingale and thrush and robin</p>
+<p class="line">Mated, sang and dwelt serene,</p>
+<p class="line">In the forest, by the river,</p>
+<p class="line">With its banks so fresh and green,</p>
+<p class="line">And each spoke to Occoneechee,</p>
+<p class="line">In the language Nature gives,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the flora and the fauna,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the child of Nature lives.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb46" href="#pb46" name=
+"pb46">46</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then she rambled through the mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">To the summit, grand and high,</p>
+<p class="line">Where Tusquittee&rsquo;s bald and forest</p>
+<p class="line">Penetrates the cloudless sky.</p>
+<p class="line">Unobstructed vision reaches</p>
+<p class="line">&lsquo;Cross the Valley River, wide,</p>
+<p class="line">To the Hiawassee river,</p>
+<p class="line">Flowing in its lordly pride.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Here the panorama rises</p>
+<p class="line">In its beauty grand and gay,</p>
+<p class="line">As you linger on the summit,</p>
+<p class="line">As you hesitating stay;</p>
+<p class="line">Visions long out in the distance;</p>
+<p class="line">Haunt you with enchanted smile,</p>
+<p class="line">And the reverie of Nature</p>
+<p class="line">Doth the wanderer beguile.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Valleytown, the Indian village,</p>
+<p class="line">And Aquone, the camping ground,</p>
+<p class="line">Cheoas vale within the distance,</p>
+<p class="line">Once where Cherokee were found,</p>
+<p class="line">Came within the easy focus</p>
+<p class="line">Of the trained observant eye</p>
+<p class="line">Of the maiden on the mountain,</p>
+<p class="line">Near the clearest vaulted sky.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb47" href="#pb47" name=
+"pb47">47</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Occoneechee looked and wondered,</p>
+<p class="line">Scanned the mountain, scanned the vale,</p>
+<p class="line">And she lifted up her voice there,</p>
+<p class="line">And began to weep and wail;</p>
+<p class="line">For her lover, long departed,</p>
+<p class="line">For her lover brave and true,</p>
+<p class="line">And she wondered if he tarried</p>
+<p class="line">In the reaches of her view.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Still no sight or sound revealed him,</p>
+<p class="line">Beauty smiled and smiled again,</p>
+<p class="line">As she sighed and prayed to Nature,</p>
+<p class="line">Yet her anxious thoughts were vain.</p>
+<p class="line">For the valley and the mountain,</p>
+<p class="line">And the river and the rill,</p>
+<p class="line">Separated Occoneechee</p>
+<p class="line">From her lover Whippoorwill.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then she to the Hiawassee,</p>
+<p class="line">Wound the mountain-side and vale,</p>
+<p class="line">And she made a boat of hemlock,</p>
+<p class="line">And she left the mountain trail,</p>
+<p class="line">And she launched the boat of hemlock</p>
+<p class="line">On the Hiawassee tide,</p>
+<p class="line">Launched the boat and went within it,</p>
+<p class="line">Down the silver stream to glide.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb48" href="#pb48" name=
+"pb48">48</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Down the river set with forest,</p>
+<p class="line">Nottely joins the quickened pace</p>
+<p class="line">Of the river and the maiden,</p>
+<p class="line">In their onward rapid race,</p>
+<p class="line">And she passes through the narrows,</p>
+<p class="line">Through the narrows quick she flew,</p>
+<p class="line">Through the spray and foaming current,</p>
+<p class="line">With her long hemlock canoe.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Faster sped the boat of hemlock,</p>
+<p class="line">Past the mountains and the shoal,</p>
+<p class="line">Past the inlet Conasauga,</p>
+<p class="line">Where Okoee waters roll;</p>
+<p class="line">Here she stopped to make inquiry</p>
+<p class="line">Of a relegated brave.</p>
+<p class="line">If he&rsquo;d seen her wandering lover,</p>
+<p class="line">In the forest, by the wave.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then she left the boat of hemlock,</p>
+<p class="line">Roamed the forest far and wide,</p>
+<p class="line">Crossed the mountain streams and fountains,</p>
+<p class="line">With their cliff and foaming tide,</p>
+<p class="line">Followed far Okoee river,</p>
+<p class="line">Toccoa laves her weary feet,</p>
+<p class="line">Ellijay and Coogawattee</p>
+<p class="line">Do the pretty maiden greet.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb49" href="#pb49" name=
+"pb49">49</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Not a word in all her wanderings</p>
+<p class="line">Did she hear of Whippoorwill,</p>
+<p class="line">Though she roamed through leagues of forest,</p>
+<p class="line">And by many a rippling rill.</p>
+<p class="line">Candy creek and Oostanula,</p>
+<p class="line">Both were followed to their source,</p>
+<p class="line">With their winding current flowing</p>
+<p class="line">In their ever onward course.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Where the brave had traveled with her,</p>
+<p class="line">And had told her many tales</p>
+<p class="line">Of the wars he&rsquo;d been engaged in,</p>
+<p class="line">And the windings of the trails,</p>
+<p class="line">Over which the tribe had traveled</p>
+<p class="line">In the years that long had flown,</p>
+<p class="line">And the land now held by strangers,</p>
+<p class="line">Which his tribe once called their own.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">And at evening in the autumn,</p>
+<p class="line">When the leaves turn brown and red,</p>
+<p class="line">And the hickory and the maple</p>
+<p class="line">Gild with yellow as they shed,</p>
+<p class="line">And the poplar and the chestnut,</p>
+<p class="line">And the beech and chinquapin,</p>
+<p class="line">Hide the squirrel and the pheasant</p>
+<p class="line">From the sight of selfish men;</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb50" href="#pb50" name=
+"pb50">50</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Where the grapevine climbs the alder,</p>
+<p class="line">Clings with tendril to the pine,</p>
+<p class="line">And the air is sweetly laden</p>
+<p class="line">With rich odors from the vine;</p>
+<p class="line">And the walnut and the dogwood</p>
+<p class="line">Furnish dainties rich and rare,</p>
+<p class="line">For the chipmunk and the partridge,</p>
+<p class="line">Which perchance do wander there.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Where the otter slide is slickened,</p>
+<p class="line">And the weasel and the mink</p>
+<p class="line">Do come creeping down the river,</p>
+<p class="line">There to bathe and fish and drink,</p>
+<p class="line">And the red fox roams the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">And defies the fleetest hound,</p>
+<p class="line">And the panther in the forest</p>
+<p class="line">Makes a hideous screaming sound.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Here the brave would sit and tell them</p>
+<p class="line">Tales and myths told oft before,</p>
+<p class="line">Tales of war and of adventure,</p>
+<p class="line">By great chiefs now known no more;</p>
+<p class="line">And one night they heard the shrieking</p>
+<p class="line">Of a wildcat near the stream,</p>
+<p class="line">That awakened them from slumber</p>
+<p class="line">And disturbed their peaceful dream;</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb51" href="#pb51" name=
+"pb51">51</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">For a panther, fierce and fearless,</p>
+<p class="line">Had come creeping down the side</p>
+<p class="line">Of the cliffs far up the mountain,</p>
+<p class="line">Near the Hiawassee tide,</p>
+<p class="line">And they met down near the river,</p>
+<p class="line">And they fought down near the stream,</p>
+<p class="line">And they made the night grow hideous</p>
+<p class="line">With their awful shrieks and scream.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e2250width" id="p051-1"><img src=
+"images/p051-1.jpg" alt="The Balsam Mountains." width="647" height=
+"478">
+<p class="figureHead">The Balsam Mountains.</p>
+<p class="par first">In Jackson Co., N. C.</p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e2257width" id="p051-2"><img src=
+"images/p051-2.jpg" alt="North from Sunset Rock, Tryon Mt." width="642"
+height="481">
+<p class="figureHead">North from Sunset Rock, Tryon Mt.</p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then she took her boat of hemlock,</p>
+<p class="line">And they launched it on the wave,</p>
+<p class="line">And they sat upon its gunnels,</p>
+<p class="line">Occoneechee squaw and brave,</p>
+<p class="line">And they pushed out in the current,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the waves were rolling high,</p>
+<p class="line">And the boat sped through the rapids,</p>
+<p class="line">Fast as flocks of pigeons fly.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Pushed they down and ever onward</p>
+<p class="line">Toward the placid Tennessee,</p>
+<p class="line">To the island and the inlet</p>
+<p class="line">Of the rolling Hiawassee.</p>
+<p class="line">Here they camped o&rsquo;er night and rested,</p>
+<p class="line">Told they tales of long ago,</p>
+<p class="line">With their memories and sorrows</p>
+<p class="line">Breathed they out their care and woe.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb52" href="#pb52" name=
+"pb52">52</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then they floated down the river,</p>
+<p class="line">On its smooth, unrippled tide.</p>
+<p class="line">To the creek of Chicamauga,</p>
+<p class="line">Where so many braves had died.</p>
+<p class="line">And they tented near the river,</p>
+<p class="line">Tied their boat up to the bank,</p>
+<p class="line">Where John Ross had crossed the river,</p>
+<p class="line">Where his ferryboat once sank.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Wandered through the vale of dryness,</p>
+<p class="line">Chattanooga&rsquo;s pretty flow,</p>
+<p class="line">Clear as crystal, pure as sunbeams,</p>
+<p class="line">Winding hither too and fro.</p>
+<p class="line">Drank the waters, bathed they in it,</p>
+<p class="line">Fished and hunted stream and plain,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the buffalo once wandered,</p>
+<p class="line">But where none now doth remain.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Like a serpent that is crawling,</p>
+<p class="line">Wriggling, writhing, resting not,</p>
+<p class="line">Fleeing from a strange invader</p>
+<p class="line">To some lone secluded spot,</p>
+<p class="line">Winds and curves and turns forever,</p>
+<p class="line">In its course that has no end,</p>
+<p class="line">Swings to starboard and to larboard,</p>
+<p class="line">Round the Moccasin&rsquo;s great bend.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb53" href="#pb53" name=
+"pb53">53</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Flows the river on forever,</p>
+<p class="line">By the nodding flowering tree,</p>
+<p class="line">Shedding fragrance like a censer,</p>
+<p class="line">Flows the pretty Tennessee;</p>
+<p class="line">On her bosom&rsquo;s crest is carried</p>
+<p class="line">Precious burdens, rich and rare,</p>
+<p class="line">From the fertile fields about her,</p>
+<p class="line">And the ozone-laden air.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Occoneechee squaw and warrior</p>
+<p class="line">Rode the silver-flowing tide,</p>
+<p class="line">in the boat made out of hemlock,</p>
+<p class="line">Which so long had been their pride;</p>
+<p class="line">But the time now came for parting,</p>
+<p class="line">As must come in every life,</p>
+<p class="line">That is heir to human nature,</p>
+<p class="line">With its toil and woe and strife.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Here Sequatchie&rsquo;s fertile valley,</p>
+<p class="line">They approached and must ascend,</p>
+<p class="line">Like the cloud before the sunbeam,</p>
+<p class="line">Driven by the fiercest wind;</p>
+<p class="line">Then they hid the boat of hemlock,</p>
+<p class="line">Sure and safe, then bade adieu,</p>
+<p class="line">To the boat upon the river,</p>
+<p class="line">Which had been their friend so true.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb54" href="#pb54" name=
+"pb54">54</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then they mounted little ponies,</p>
+<p class="line">Fresh and sleek and fat and fast,</p>
+<p class="line">And they sped along the valley,</p>
+<p class="line">Like the birds upon the blast,</p>
+<p class="line">Looking for the handsome warrior,</p>
+<p class="line">Looking hither, glancing there,</p>
+<p class="line">And quite often on the journey,</p>
+<p class="line">They would stop to offer prayer;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">But the valley held the secret;</p>
+<p class="line">Not a living man could wrest,</p>
+<p class="line">From the valley rich and fertile,</p>
+<p class="line">Secrets buried in its breast;</p>
+<p class="line">Though the tribe had ceased to own it,</p>
+<p class="line">Though the tribe had passed away,</p>
+<p class="line">From the valley of Sequatchie,</p>
+<p class="line">Like the fading of the day,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Still the signs and many tokens</p>
+<p class="line">Told a tale of war and strife,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the whites had used the rifle,</p>
+<p class="line">And the braves had used the knife,</p>
+<p class="line">For the bleaching bones of warriors</p>
+<p class="line">Were discovered everywhere,</p>
+<p class="line">And the hideous sight brought sorrow,</p>
+<p class="line">To this maiden now so fair,</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb55" href="#pb55" name=
+"pb55">55</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Birds were singing in the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">Merrily and full of glee,</p>
+<p class="line">And a symphony unrivaled</p>
+<p class="line">Flooded forestland and lea;</p>
+<p class="line">With the mellow tones from singers,</p>
+<p class="line">Varied, versatile and sweet,</p>
+<p class="line">Came from forest and from meadow,</p>
+<p class="line">Came the attuned ear to greet.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">And when evening shade would settle,</p>
+<p class="line">And the moon full rose to view,</p>
+<p class="line">And the zephyrs filled the valley,</p>
+<p class="line">And the flowers suffused with dew,</p>
+<p class="line">Then the nightingale would lure them</p>
+<p class="line">Or the mockingbird hold sway,</p>
+<p class="line">From the advent of Orion,</p>
+<p class="line">Till the dawning of the day.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Stretching meadows lay before them,</p>
+<p class="line">Rich with fragrance, rare with flowers,</p>
+<p class="line">Variegated blending colors</p>
+<p class="line">Lent a rapture to its bowers,</p>
+<p class="line">That outstripped the fields elysian,</p>
+<p class="line">Decked with Nature&rsquo;s rarest guise,</p>
+<p class="line">Pleasure-house for wisest sages,</p>
+<p class="line">Such as only fools despise.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb56" href="#pb56" name=
+"pb56">56</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Such the scenes within the valley,</p>
+<p class="line">As they joyous sped along,</p>
+<p class="line">Filled with rapture, filled with pleasure,</p>
+<p class="line">At the scenery and the song.</p>
+<p class="line">Nature clapped her hands exultant,</p>
+<p class="line">In the sylvan groves so green,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the Goddess Proserpina</p>
+<p class="line">Was enthroned majestic queen.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Mighty warriors red with passion,</p>
+<p class="line">Once had trod this virgin soil,</p>
+<p class="line">And had rested in the valley,</p>
+<p class="line">When o&rsquo;ercome by heat and toil;</p>
+<p class="line">Sportive maidens once delighted</p>
+<p class="line">To engage in dance and song,</p>
+<p class="line">With the warriors in the valley,</p>
+<p class="line">With the chieftains brave and strong.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">But the mighty men and maidens</p>
+<p class="line">Long since ceased this land to roam,</p>
+<p class="line">Since the pale face armed with power,</p>
+<p class="line">Killed the braves and burned the home,</p>
+<p class="line">Took the land and burned the wigwam,</p>
+<p class="line">Bound the chief and drove away,</p>
+<p class="line">All the warriors, squaws and maidens,</p>
+<p class="line">Toward the golden close of day.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb57" href="#pb57" name=
+"pb57">57</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Happy children, wild with rapture,</p>
+<p class="line">Laughed with ecstasy and glee,</p>
+<p class="line">Once had filled the vale with echoes,</p>
+<p class="line">And had sported lithe and free,</p>
+<p class="line">All along the hill-locked valley,</p>
+<p class="line">Played lacrosse and strung the bow,</p>
+<p class="line">Ran the races, caught the squirrel,</p>
+<p class="line">In the distant long ago.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Sped they like the rolling torrent,</p>
+<p class="line">Thru the Appalachian chain,</p>
+<p class="line">With its towering peaks and gorges,</p>
+<p class="line">&lsquo;Mid its sunshine and its rain,</p>
+<p class="line">Sped along the flowing Chuckey,</p>
+<p class="line">With its reddened banks of clay,</p>
+<p class="line">Were delighted by its beauty,</p>
+<p class="line">Were enticed with it to stay;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Saw the rushing, rolling waters</p>
+<p class="line">Fall and foam and seeth below,</p>
+<p class="line">Saw the cascade of Watauga</p>
+<p class="line">Surging hither to and fro;</p>
+<p class="line">Looked with tireless vision upward,</p>
+<p class="line">Viewed from summits high and proud,</p>
+<p class="line">Landscapes grander than Olympus,</p>
+<p class="line">With their crags above the cloud.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb58" href="#pb58" name=
+"pb58">58</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Occoneechee,&rdquo; said the warrior,</p>
+<p class="line">In a gentle tone, and mild,</p>
+<p class="line">&ldquo;I remember all this grandeur,</p>
+<p class="line">Since I was a little child,</p>
+<p class="line">I have traveled trail and mountain,</p>
+<p class="line">Chased Showono, deer and bear,</p>
+<p class="line">Crossed Kentucky in the chases,</p>
+<p class="line">Seen the blue-grass state so fair.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Once while hotly, I pursuing,</p>
+<p class="line">Buck with antlers fierce and strong,</p>
+<p class="line">Came upon a band of white men,</p>
+<p class="line">With their rifles black and long,</p>
+<p class="line">Came a flash of rifle powder,</p>
+<p class="line">Quick as lightning came the sounds,</p>
+<p class="line">From reverberating rifles,</p>
+<p class="line">And the bark of baying hounds.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">They had slain the buck with antlers,</p>
+<p class="line">And would be upon me soon,</p>
+<p class="line">If discovered by their captain,</p>
+<p class="line">By their captain, Daniel Boone;</p>
+<p class="line">He the hunter, Indian hater,</p>
+<p class="line">Chief and captain, pioneer,</p>
+<p class="line">Known to every tribe and tribesman,</p>
+<p class="line">To be destitute of fear.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb59" href="#pb59" name=
+"pb59">59</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Quick I back into the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">Without noise or slightest sound,</p>
+<p class="line">Lest perchance I draw attention,</p>
+<p class="line">From the hunter or his hound.</p>
+<p class="line">&rsquo;Twas a wilderness of wildness,</p>
+<p class="line">Transylvania was its name,</p>
+<p class="line">Home of coon and hare and turkey,</p>
+<p class="line">And all sorts of kindred game.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Once the noble chiefs and warriors</p>
+<p class="line">Roamed Kentucky far and wide,</p>
+<p class="line">Far along the broad Ohio,</p>
+<p class="line">Strode the Indians by her tide;</p>
+<p class="line">And they camped and roamed the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">Dense and dark, supremely grand,</p>
+<p class="line">Dominated vale and forest,</p>
+<p class="line">Dominated all the land;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Chased the scouting bands of warriors,</p>
+<p class="line">Who would dare to camp and die,</p>
+<p class="line">On the soil of old Kentucky,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the meadow grass grew high;</p>
+<p class="line">Hiding &lsquo;neath the waving grasses,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the muskrat and the snake,</p>
+<p class="line">And the hedge hog and the weasel,</p>
+<p class="line">Lurked in shade of vine and brake.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb60" href="#pb60" name=
+"pb60">60</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">I was with good Junaluska,</p>
+<p class="line">In the battles and the raids,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the Creek and the Showano</p>
+<p class="line">Lent each other all their aids,</p>
+<p class="line">When upon the Tallapoosa</p>
+<p class="line">River, at the Horseshoe bend,</p>
+<p class="line">We joined hands with General Jackson,</p>
+<p class="line">And by death we made an end,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Of the Creeks and all their allies,</p>
+<p class="line">Who assembled, one and all.</p>
+<p class="line">To resist our mighty forces,</p>
+<p class="line">They had built their mighty wall,</p>
+<p class="line">Built it strong and reinforced it,</p>
+<p class="line">Not a single spot was weak,</p>
+<p class="line">For &rsquo;twas built by master workmen,</p>
+<p class="line">By the tribesmen of the Creek.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">When the work was strong and finished,</p>
+<p class="line">All the warriors came to dwell</p>
+<p class="line">In the fortress, by the river,</p>
+<p class="line">Came they tales of war to tell;</p>
+<p class="line">Came a thousand of the warriors,</p>
+<p class="line">With their weapons and their wives,</p>
+<p class="line">Came and lodged within the fortress,</p>
+<p class="line">Like the swarming bees in hives;</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb61" href="#pb61" name=
+"pb61">61</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Brought their children and their chattels,</p>
+<p class="line">Brought they gun, and club and spear,</p>
+<p class="line">For they thought once in the fortress,</p>
+<p class="line">That they&rsquo;d have no harm to fear,</p>
+<p class="line">But the Cherokee and Jackson</p>
+<p class="line">Brought out cannon great and small,</p>
+<p class="line">And they raised the siege of Horseshoe,</p>
+<p class="line">Throwing many a shell and ball;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Into fortress, into village,</p>
+<p class="line">Flew the missiles thick and fast,</p>
+<p class="line">Like the rain, among the rigging,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the sailor&rsquo;s spar and mast,</p>
+<p class="line">Crushing, crashing stone of fortress,</p>
+<p class="line">Making splinters of the wall,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the fortress by the river,</p>
+<p class="line">With the heavy cannon ball.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">But it fell not in the fury</p>
+<p class="line">Of the battle&rsquo;s hottest fray,</p>
+<p class="line">Stood the test like old Gibraltar,</p>
+<p class="line">All the night and all the day,</p>
+<p class="line">And the progress was so slowly,</p>
+<p class="line">That the battle must be lost,</p>
+<p class="line">To the Cherokee and Jackson,</p>
+<p class="line">And so great would be the cost,</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb62" href="#pb62" name=
+"pb62">62</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">If some means were not discovered,</p>
+<p class="line">To dislodge the valiant Creek,</p>
+<p class="line">Now entrenched within the fortress,</p>
+<p class="line">Growing strong instead of weak.</p>
+<p class="line">Junaluska said to Jackson,</p>
+<p class="line">&lsquo;Choose ye this day man or men,</p>
+<p class="line">Who can breast the tide before you,</p>
+<p class="line">Who will try to enter in;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Who can swim the Tallapoosa,</p>
+<p class="line">Who can stem the flowing tide,</p>
+<p class="line">Who are noble, strong and fearless,</p>
+<p class="line">And have God upon their side.</p>
+<p class="line">If you have such men among you,</p>
+<p class="line">Let them come forth one and all,</p>
+<p class="line">Let them dare to do their duty,</p>
+<p class="line">Let them dare to stand or fall.&rsquo;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Not one man of all the white men</p>
+<p class="line">Could be found who dared to try</p>
+<p class="line">To o&rsquo;ercome the Tallapoosa,</p>
+<p class="line">Or would risk his life to die.</p>
+<p class="line">So your guide whom God has given,</p>
+<p class="line">Volunteered to risk the wave,</p>
+<p class="line">With your father, Junaluska,</p>
+<p class="line">Volunteered, his tribe to save.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb63" href="#pb63" name=
+"pb63">63</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then we sought our God in silence,</p>
+<p class="line">And became resigned to death,</p>
+<p class="line">That lay out upon the current</p>
+<p class="line">Of the river&rsquo;s silent breath.</p>
+<p class="line">Under cover of the darkness,</p>
+<p class="line">And the solitude of night,</p>
+<p class="line">We betook the awful peril,</p>
+<p class="line">With a tremor of delight.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Silently we now descended</p>
+<p class="line">To the deathlike river tide,</p>
+<p class="line">Following a star&rsquo;s reflection,</p>
+<p class="line">For a signboard and a guide;</p>
+<p class="line">To point out the right direction,</p>
+<p class="line">And to bring us into port,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the canoes lay at anchor,</p>
+<p class="line">Near the stolid silent fort.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Quick we loosed them from their moorings</p>
+<p class="line">Each man lashed beside his boat&mdash;</p>
+<p class="line">Quite a dozen, swift as arrows,</p>
+<p class="line">And we set them all afloat;</p>
+<p class="line">Shot them straight across the river,</p>
+<p class="line">Like a flash at lightning speed,</p>
+<p class="line">Faster than the fleetest greyhound,</p>
+<p class="line">Bounding like a blooded steed.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb64" href="#pb64" name=
+"pb64">64</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">When we reached the army&rsquo;s landing,</p>
+<p class="line">Quick the boats were filled with men;</p>
+<p class="line">Like a thunderbolt from heaven,</p>
+<p class="line">Did the deadly work begin.</p>
+<p class="line">Transports glided o&rsquo;er the current,</p>
+<p class="line">Like a shuttle to and fro,</p>
+<p class="line">Moving Cherokee and white men,</p>
+<p class="line">To confront a worthy foe.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Scaled the ramparts of the fortress,</p>
+<p class="line">Stormed the inner citadel,</p>
+<p class="line">And we massacred the inmates!</p>
+<p class="line">How? No human tongue can tell.</p>
+<p class="line">Not a woman, child or human</p>
+<p class="line">Made escape, but all were slain</p>
+<p class="line">In the fort or in the river,</p>
+<p class="line">Or upon the gory plain.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">When the massacre and slaughter</p>
+<p class="line">Had abated, all the slain</p>
+<p class="line">Numbered more than a thousand,</p>
+<p class="line">In the fort or on the plain.</p>
+<p class="line">Many floated in the river,</p>
+<p class="line">Many died out in the woods,</p>
+<p class="line">And were buried in the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">By erosion or the floods.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb65" href="#pb65" name=
+"pb65">65</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Sad and silent stood the fortress,</p>
+<p class="line">All deserted and alone;</p>
+<p class="line">Not a man or child or matron,</p>
+<p class="line">Now was left to claim their own.</p>
+<p class="line">All the warriors and the chieftains</p>
+<p class="line">Died in conflict true and brave;</p>
+<p class="line">None were left to tell the story,</p>
+<p class="line">Or to mark some lonely grave.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Cruel man! O God, forgive them!</p>
+<p class="line">Pity such a cruel race.</p>
+<p class="line">In their stead, O God of nations,</p>
+<p class="line">Send some one to take their place,</p>
+<p class="line">Who is humane, who is human,</p>
+<p class="line">Who is honest, kind and true,</p>
+<p class="line">Who when given strength and power,</p>
+<p class="line">Destroys not, but spares a few.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">In the lore of ancient nations,</p>
+<p class="line">In the tales of modern times,</p>
+<p class="line">In the prose that now remaineth,</p>
+<p class="line">Nor the poet&rsquo;s splendid rhymes,</p>
+<p class="line">Is a story told more cruel</p>
+<p class="line">Than the slaughter of the Creeks,</p>
+<p class="line">By the Persians, Jews or Romans,</p>
+<p class="line">Macedonians or Greeks;</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb66" href="#pb66" name=
+"pb66">66</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Where a nation, like a shadow,</p>
+<p class="line">Vanished quickly and was not,</p>
+<p class="line">Like a vapor in the valley</p>
+<p class="line">Passes and is soon forgot.</p>
+<p class="line">Passes like a fleeing phantom,</p>
+<p class="line">Like a mist before the sun,</p>
+<p class="line">Came and tarried for a moment,</p>
+<p class="line">And forever was undone.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Occoneechee, come and travel,</p>
+<p class="line">To the distant mountains high,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the summit of the mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Tower upward toward the sky.</p>
+<p class="line">Delectable the splendid mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Rich in ferns forever green,</p>
+<p class="line">And the galaxy of the mountains</p>
+<p class="line">Are the rarest ever seen.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Mortal eyes have never witnessed,</p>
+<p class="line">Mortal tongue can never tell</p>
+<p class="line">Of the grandeur and the beauty</p>
+<p class="line">Of the ravine and the dell.</p>
+<p class="line">Strange declivities confront you,</p>
+<p class="line">Then a sudden upright wall</p>
+<p class="line">Rises like a mystic figure,</p>
+<p class="line">With a splendid waterfall.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb67" href="#pb67" name=
+"pb67">67</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">I will take you to the summit</p>
+<p class="line">Of the mountains white with age,</p>
+<p class="line">And will show you where the tempests</p>
+<p class="line">Rush and roar with ceaseless rage,</p>
+<p class="line">Where phenomena electric</p>
+<p class="line">Makes mysterious display</p>
+<p class="line">Of their power and their beauty</p>
+<p class="line">In the distance far away;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e3100width" id="p067-1"><img src=
+"images/p067-1.jpg" alt="Balsam Mountains." width="647" height="485">
+<p class="figureHead"><span class="corr" id="xd23e3102" title=
+"Not in source">Balsam Mountains.</span></p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;I will take you to the summit</p>
+<p class="line">Of the mountains white with age.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e3115width" id="p067-2"><img src=
+"images/p067-2.jpg" alt="From Bald Rock." width="640" height="489">
+<p class="figureHead">From Bald Rock.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;At the juncture of the river</p>
+<p class="line">Where the Indians used to dwell.<span class="corr" id=
+"xd23e3127" title="Not in source">&rdquo;</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">You can see the flash of lightning,</p>
+<p class="line">And can hear the thunders roll,</p>
+<p class="line">With reverberating echoes,</p>
+<p class="line">That o&rsquo;erwhelm your very soul,</p>
+<p class="line">Make you sigh and shake and shudder,</p>
+<p class="line">Make you tremble like a leaf,</p>
+<p class="line">Make you crouch in soul and body,</p>
+<p class="line">Like the life o&rsquo;ercome with grief.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Yet you stand and gaze in wonder,</p>
+<p class="line">Watch the elements grown dark;</p>
+<p class="line">Adoration turns to terror,</p>
+<p class="line">At the least electric spark;</p>
+<p class="line">Vivid flashes light the heavens,</p>
+<p class="line">Keep them in perpetual glow,</p>
+<p class="line">Like aurora borealis</p>
+<p class="line">From beyond eternal snow.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb68" href="#pb68" name=
+"pb68">68</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">God eternal sends the sunshine,</p>
+<p class="line">Melts the vapor, chains the cloud,</p>
+<p class="line">Cages up the lightning flashes,</p>
+<p class="line">Stops the peels of thunder loud.</p>
+<p class="line">Changes discord into music,</p>
+<p class="line">And the soul with it He thrills,</p>
+<p class="line">From the music on the mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Made by leaping, laughing rills.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Look! behold the ray that cometh,</p>
+<p class="line">Fills the earth with hope again,</p>
+<p class="line">Dissipates the clouds and vapor,</p>
+<p class="line">With their shadows and their rain.</p>
+<p class="line">See the sunburst full of glory,</p>
+<p class="line">Shoot forth rays of gilt and gold,</p>
+<p class="line">Sung by bards, portrayed by artists</p>
+<p class="line">Yet its glory ne&rsquo;er was told.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Painters fail to give description,</p>
+<p class="line">Fail on canvas to portray,</p>
+<p class="line">Rising sun within the mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">And the glorious dawn of day;</p>
+<p class="line">Sages, bards and humble poets,</p>
+<p class="line">All are pigmies in the eyes</p>
+<p class="line">Of the one who stands and watches</p>
+<p class="line">Sunshine from its sleep arise.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb69" href="#pb69" name=
+"pb69">69</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Picturesque! O scenes eternal!</p>
+<p class="line">From the dizzy, dizzy heights</p>
+<p class="line">Of Grandfather, Rone and Linville,</p>
+<p class="line">From which rivers take their flights.</p>
+<p class="line">Yadkin, Broad and the Catawbas,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the Indians used to roam,</p>
+<p class="line">Are the habitation only</p>
+<p class="line">Of the white man and his home.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">High upon the Linville mountains</p>
+<p class="line">Creeps a silent silver stream,</p>
+<p class="line">From the shadows of the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">Like the splendor of a dream,</p>
+<p class="line">Then it runs amid the boulders,</p>
+<p class="line">Joins with many sparkling rills,</p>
+<p class="line">That comes rushing from the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">Of those high eternal hills,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Till its speed becomes augmented,</p>
+<p class="line">Till you hear the rushing sounds,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the Linville river raging,</p>
+<p class="line">As it leaps and falls and bounds,</p>
+<p class="line">As it dashes through the granite,</p>
+<p class="line">Falls into the natural pool,</p>
+<p class="line">Built by nature in the chasm,</p>
+<p class="line">With its water clear and cool.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb70" href="#pb70" name=
+"pb70">70</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">In the Blue Ridge range of mountains</p>
+<p class="line">Stand a thousand spires and domes,</p>
+<p class="line">Built of adamant eternal,</p>
+<p class="line">From whose base the river roams,</p>
+<p class="line">Like the maiden Occoneechee,</p>
+<p class="line">Wanders out replete with tears,</p>
+<p class="line">Into strange lands, unto strangers,</p>
+<p class="line">Thru the lapse of passing years,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Longing to be reunited,</p>
+<p class="line">With her fiance forever,</p>
+<p class="line">From his presence and his wooing,</p>
+<p class="line">To be separated never.</p>
+<p class="line">Thus the river and the maiden</p>
+<p class="line">Rambled through the mountains wild,</p>
+<p class="line">Seeking for a long lost lover,</p>
+<p class="line">As a mother seeks her child.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Climbs the black dome of the mountain,</p>
+<p class="line">Richest pinnacle e&rsquo;er seen;</p>
+<p class="line">And the landscape lay before her,</p>
+<p class="line">With its mounds and vales between.</p>
+<p class="line">Lends enchantment grand and gorgeous,</p>
+<p class="line">Gives a new lease unto life,</p>
+<p class="line">And you soon forget you&rsquo;re living</p>
+<p class="line">In a world of care and strife.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb71" href="#pb71" name=
+"pb71">71</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Thus Mount Mitchell in the Blue Ridge,</p>
+<p class="line">Zenith hill among the hills,</p>
+<p class="line">Sends forth life anew forever,</p>
+<p class="line">And a thousand rippling rills.</p>
+<p class="line">In the distance the Savannah&rsquo;s</p>
+<p class="line">Flows a stream of pure delight,</p>
+<p class="line">Flows she on, and on forever,</p>
+<p class="line">Never stopping day or night.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">For her mission is a true one,</p>
+<p class="line">And the river ever true,</p>
+<p class="line">Rolls along the grandest valley,</p>
+<p class="line">That a river e&rsquo;er rolled through;</p>
+<p class="line">Peopled by a population</p>
+<p class="line">Rich in soul and thought divine,</p>
+<p class="line">From her source up in the mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Till her soul the sea entwines.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Turning to the sun that&rsquo;s setting,</p>
+<p class="line">Setting far beyond the rim,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the horizon of vision,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the eyes grow weak and dim,</p>
+<p class="line">You behold the Swannanoa,</p>
+<p class="line">Naiad, pure and fresh and sweet,</p>
+<p class="line">Crystalline, and cool and limpid,</p>
+<p class="line">Strays some other stream to greet.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb72" href="#pb72" name=
+"pb72">72</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">From the cliffside in the mountains</p>
+<p class="line">Roll a thousand little streams,</p>
+<p class="line">Laughing as they greet each other,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the sunshine never beams;</p>
+<p class="line">Rippling, idling, swirling slowly,</p>
+<p class="line">Leaping down a waterfall,</p>
+<p class="line">You can hear the drops of water,</p>
+<p class="line">Sweetly to their compeers call.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Down the valley glides the river,</p>
+<p class="line">Murmuring a sad farewell,</p>
+<p class="line">To the birds and bees and people,</p>
+<p class="line">Who along its highway dwell;</p>
+<p class="line">Wishing them a happy future,</p>
+<p class="line">Wishing them prosperity,</p>
+<p class="line">While it fills its many missions</p>
+<p class="line">&lsquo;Twixt the mountains and the sea.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Bathing rocks, refreshing people,</p>
+<p class="line">Casting up its silver spray,</p>
+<p class="line">As it glides along the valley,</p>
+<p class="line">Flows forever and for aye.</p>
+<p class="line">Men may move their tents and chattels,</p>
+<p class="line">Others die or go astray,</p>
+<p class="line">Still the stream flows fresh forever,</p>
+<p class="line">Never resting night or day.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb73" href="#pb73" name=
+"pb73">73</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Giving life unto the flowers,</p>
+<p class="line">Blooming on its verdant side,</p>
+<p class="line">As it travels, as it journeys,</p>
+<p class="line">As its ripples make their stride.</p>
+<p class="line">In the gloaming of the twilight,</p>
+<p class="line">When the birds had ceased to fly,</p>
+<p class="line">And the dazzling dome of heaven</p>
+<p class="line">Gave resplendence to the sky.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e3446width" id="p073"><img src="images/p073.jpg"
+alt="Lower Cullasaja Falls." width="464" height="720">
+<p class="figureHead">Lower Cullasaja Falls.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;From the cliffside in the mountains</p>
+<p class="line">Roll a thousand little streams.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Occoneechee, squaw and warrior,</p>
+<p class="line">Watched the stream, as on it sped,</p>
+<p class="line">Rippling o&rsquo;er the pebbly bottom,</p>
+<p class="line">Lying on its rocky bed;</p>
+<p class="line">Grasses waving green around them,</p>
+<p class="line">Nodding boughs bid them adieu,</p>
+<p class="line">And it wafted them caresses,</p>
+<p class="line">Like the sunbeams sparkling dew.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Precious fragrance filled the valley,</p>
+<p class="line">From the sweet shrub and the pine,</p>
+<p class="line">Luscious fruits and ripening melons</p>
+<p class="line">Lade the apple tree and vine.</p>
+<p class="line">All along the pretty valley,</p>
+<p class="line">Harvest fields and curing hay</p>
+<p class="line">Make the white man rich and happy,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the warriors used to stray.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb74" href="#pb74" name=
+"pb74">74</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">At the juncture of the river,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the Indians used to dwell,</p>
+<p class="line">Where they made their pots of red clay,</p>
+<p class="line">Made them crude but made them well,</p>
+<p class="line">Here they tented long and hunted,</p>
+<p class="line">Fished the Tah-kee-os-tee stream,</p>
+<p class="line">Strolled along the racing river,</p>
+<p class="line">Where its rippling waters gleam.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Moons passed on, and yet no greetings</p>
+<p class="line">Came to cheer the wandering maid,</p>
+<p class="line">Who so long had sought her lover,</p>
+<p class="line">Till her hopes began to fade,</p>
+<p class="line">And she felt that she must hasten,</p>
+<p class="line">Quickly hasten thru the wild,</p>
+<p class="line">By the rapid river racing,</p>
+<p class="line">She the nature-loving child.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then they took their little ponies,</p>
+<p class="line">Girt them with a roebuck hide,</p>
+<p class="line">Seated on the nimble ponies,</p>
+<p class="line">Started swiftly on the ride,</p>
+<p class="line">On to Toxaway the river,</p>
+<p class="line">On to Toxaway the lake,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the leaf of vine and alder,</p>
+<p class="line">Hide the muskrat and the snake.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb75" href="#pb75" name=
+"pb75">75</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">All along the racing river,</p>
+<p class="line">Gorgeous forest trees are seen,</p>
+<p class="line">And the wild deer in the forest</p>
+<p class="line">Dwells beneath the coat of green.</p>
+<p class="line">Here the beaver, hare and turkey</p>
+<p class="line">Share their food and come to drink,</p>
+<p class="line">In the splendid spreading forest,</p>
+<p class="line">Near the Tah-kee-os-tee&rsquo;s brink.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Here they fished and caught the rainbow,</p>
+<p class="line">Caught the little mountain trout,</p>
+<p class="line">In the lake and in the river,</p>
+<p class="line">With their poles both crude and stout;</p>
+<p class="line">Caught the squirrel and the pheasant,</p>
+<p class="line">Chased the turkey, deer and bear,</p>
+<p class="line">Caught a-plenty, all they needed,</p>
+<p class="line">Yet they had not one to spare.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">In the sapphire land they lingered</p>
+<p class="line">Many days and many nights,</p>
+<p class="line">On the mountains, &lsquo;mid the laurel,</p>
+<p class="line">Looking at the wondrous sights,</p>
+<p class="line">That will greet you in the mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">That you see in vales below,</p>
+<p class="line">As you tread the paths untrodden,</p>
+<p class="line">As you wander to and fro.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb76" href="#pb76" name=
+"pb76">76</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">In the forest land primeval</p>
+<p class="line">Where the fountains form their heads,</p>
+<p class="line">Lies the famous vale of flowers,</p>
+<p class="line">Splendid valley of pink beds.</p>
+<p class="line">Every tribe and every hunter</p>
+<p class="line">Knows this lone secluded spot,</p>
+<p class="line">From the other vales so famous;</p>
+<p class="line">When once seen is ne&rsquo;er forgot.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">In this vale of flowers and sunshine,</p>
+<p class="line">Lies the Aidenn, most tranquil,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the sore and heavy-laden,</p>
+<p class="line">Gambol peacefully at will;</p>
+<p class="line">Hear the trill of distant music,</p>
+<p class="line">Played on Nature&rsquo;s vibrant chime,</p>
+<p class="line">Resonant with sweetest concord</p>
+<p class="line">All attuned to perfect time.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Here the weary, heavy-laden</p>
+<p class="line">Soul, may lose his load of care,</p>
+<p class="line">And the body, sick and wounded,</p>
+<p class="line">Find an answer to his prayer.</p>
+<p class="line">Precious incense here arises,</p>
+<p class="line">From the brasier of the vale</p>
+<p class="line">That ascends the lofty mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">By an unseen, trackless trail.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb77" href="#pb77" name=
+"pb77">77</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Pisgah stands, the peer and rival</p>
+<p class="line">Of Olympus, famed of old,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the gods met in their councils,</p>
+<p class="line">And their consultations held.</p>
+<p class="line">Looking far across the valleys,</p>
+<p class="line">They behold on either side,</p>
+<p class="line">Rivers, vales and gushing fountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Which forever shall abide.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e3671width" id="p077-1"><img src=
+"images/p077-1.jpg" alt="Mount Pisgah." width="647" height="641">
+<p class="figureHead"><span class="corr" id="xd23e3673" title=
+"Not in source">Mount Pisgah.</span></p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Pisgah stands the peer and rival</p>
+<p class="line">of Olympus, famed of old.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e3686width" id="p077-2"><img src=
+"images/p077-2.jpg" alt="Indian Mound, Franklin, N. C." width="648"
+height="324">
+<p class="figureHead">Indian Mound, Franklin, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Where the mound stands in the meadow</p>
+<p class="line">There the tribe was wont to gather.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">In the distance stands eternal,</p>
+<p class="line">Junaluska&rsquo;s pretty mound,</p>
+<p class="line">Which in beauty of the landscape</p>
+<p class="line">Is the grandest ever found.</p>
+<p class="line">Rushing streams of purest water,</p>
+<p class="line">Giving off their silver spray,</p>
+<p class="line">Add a beauty to the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">In a new and novel way.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">And the balsam peaks of fir tree</p>
+<p class="line">Looks like midnight in the day,</p>
+<p class="line">Looks like shadows in the sunshine,</p>
+<p class="line">In the fading far away.</p>
+<p class="line">Dense and dark and much foreboding</p>
+<p class="line">Apprehensions do declare,</p>
+<p class="line">To the one who sleeps beneath them</p>
+<p class="line">With its flood of balmy air.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb78" href="#pb78" name=
+"pb78">78</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Occoneechee, forest dweller,</p>
+<p class="line">We have traveled many miles,</p>
+<p class="line">Through the mountains, o&rsquo;er the valleys,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the face of Nature smiled;</p>
+<p class="line">We have tasted of the fountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Whence breaks forth the Keowee,</p>
+<p class="line">Nymph of beauty, joy and pleasure,</p>
+<p class="line">Once the home of Cherokee.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">We have rested near the water,</p>
+<p class="line">Seen the fleck and shimmering flow,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the waters kissed by Nature,</p>
+<p class="line">Lovely river Tugaloo,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the Cherokee once rambled,</p>
+<p class="line">Spoiled &lsquo;mid the scenes so wild,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the forest and the river</p>
+<p class="line">Have the wood-gods oft beguiled.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Wandered o&rsquo;er the sapphire country,</p>
+<p class="line">Land which doth the soul delight,</p>
+<p class="line">With its mounds and vales and rivers;</p>
+<p class="line">God ne&rsquo;er made a holier site</p>
+<p class="line">For the human race to dwell in,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the human soul can rise,</p>
+<p class="line">Higher in its aspirations</p>
+<p class="line">Toward the rich Utopian skies&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb79" href="#pb79" name=
+"pb79">79</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Here the lyrics sung by Nature,</p>
+<p class="line">Played upon its strings of gold,</p>
+<p class="line">Float out on the evening breezes,</p>
+<p class="line">And its music ne&rsquo;er grows old,</p>
+<p class="line">To the soul and life and spirit,</p>
+<p class="line">Which is bent and bowed with care.</p>
+<p class="line">This the sweetest land Elysian,</p>
+<p class="line">To the one who wanders there.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Convolutions of the lilies,</p>
+<p class="line">Tranquil bloom and curve and die,</p>
+<p class="line">Near the river, &lsquo;neath the shadows</p>
+<p class="line">Of the white pine, smooth and high.</p>
+<p class="line">Sparkling, gleaming in the sunlight</p>
+<p class="line">Bursts the water, pure and free,</p>
+<p class="line">From the rocks high on the mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Once the home of Cherokee.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Dancing, rippling, roaring, rushing,</p>
+<p class="line">Comes Tallulah in its rage,</p>
+<p class="line">Like an eagle bounding forward,</p>
+<p class="line">From an exit in a cage.</p>
+<p class="line">In the distance, you behold it</p>
+<p class="line">Rise and babble, laugh and smile;</p>
+<p class="line">Then amid the reeds and rushes,</p>
+<p class="line">Turns and loiters for awhile.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb80" href="#pb80" name=
+"pb80">80</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then it curves among the eddies,</p>
+<p class="line">Hastens on to meet the bend,</p>
+<p class="line">In the meadows, like the fragrance</p>
+<p class="line">Borne aloft upon the wind;</p>
+<p class="line">Silently reflecting sunbeams</p>
+<p class="line">To the distant verdant hill</p>
+<p class="line">From its surface calm and placid,</p>
+<p class="line">Smooth, untarnished little rill;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Gleams and glides accelerated,</p>
+<p class="line">As it gathers, as it grows,</p>
+<p class="line">As the brook becomes a river,</p>
+<p class="line">As it ever onward flows;</p>
+<p class="line">Swirls and turns and dashes downward,</p>
+<p class="line">Heaves and moans and dashes wild,</p>
+<p class="line">For a chasm down the canyon,</p>
+<p class="line">Like a lost, demented child;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Furious, frantic, leaps and lashes</p>
+<p class="line">Down into the great abyss,</p>
+<p class="line">Falls and foams and seethes forever</p>
+<p class="line">Where the rocks and river kiss.</p>
+<p class="line">Tallulah Falls, the work and wonder</p>
+<p class="line">Of the cycles and the age,</p>
+<p class="line">Pours its deluge down the ravine,</p>
+<p class="line">Unobstructed in its rage.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb81" href="#pb81" name=
+"pb81">81</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Flying fowls of evil omen,</p>
+<p class="line">Dare not stop it in its flight,</p>
+<p class="line">Lest the river overwhelm them</p>
+<p class="line">With its power of strength and might&mdash;</p>
+<p class="line">Lest the river dash to pieces</p>
+<p class="line">Bird or beast that would impede</p>
+<p class="line">Such a torrent as confronts you</p>
+<p class="line">With its force of fearful speed.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e3910width" id="p081"><img src="images/p081.jpg"
+alt="Tallulah Falls, Ga." width="462" height="720">
+<p class="figureHead">Tallulah Falls, Ga.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;In the forest land primeval</p>
+<p class="line">Where the fountains form their heads.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then it rushes fast and furious</p>
+<p class="line">Into mist and fog and spray,</p>
+<p class="line">Rises like the ghost of Banquo,</p>
+<p class="line">Will not linger, stop nor stay.</p>
+<p class="line">O&rsquo;er the precipice it plunges,</p>
+<p class="line">Bounds and surges down the steep,</p>
+<p class="line">As it gushes forth forever,</p>
+<p class="line">Toward the blue and boundless deep.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">In the Appalachian mountains</p>
+<p class="line">Stands Satulah, high and proud,</p>
+<p class="line">With its base upon the Blue Ridge,</p>
+<p class="line">And its head above the cloud.</p>
+<p class="line">From its top the panorama</p>
+<p class="line">Rises grandly into view,</p>
+<p class="line">And presents a thousand landscapes,</p>
+<p class="line">Every one to Nature true.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb82" href="#pb82" name=
+"pb82">82</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Round by round the mountains rise up,</p>
+<p class="line">Round on round, and tier on tier,</p>
+<p class="line">You behold them in their beauty,</p>
+<p class="line">Through a vista, bright and clear.</p>
+<p class="line">Like concentric circles floating,</p>
+<p class="line">Ebbing on a crystal bay</p>
+<p class="line">To the distance they&rsquo;re receding,</p>
+<p class="line">Fading like declining day.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Hardby stands the Whiteside Mountain,</p>
+<p class="line">Like an athlete, strong and tall,</p>
+<p class="line">Perpendicularly rising</p>
+<p class="line">As a mighty granite wall;</p>
+<p class="line">Towering o&rsquo;er the Cashier&rsquo;s valley,</p>
+<p class="line">Stretching calmly at its base,</p>
+<p class="line">Like a bouquet of rich roses</p>
+<p class="line">Beautifying Nature&rsquo;s vase.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">High above the other mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Whiteside stands in bold relief,</p>
+<p class="line">With its court house and its cavern</p>
+<p class="line">Refuge for the soul with grief;</p>
+<p class="line">Like a monolith it rises</p>
+<p class="line">To a grand majestic height,</p>
+<p class="line">Till its crest becomes a mirror,</p>
+<p class="line">To refract the rays of light.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb83" href="#pb83" name=
+"pb83">83</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">From its summit grand and gorgeous</p>
+<p class="line">Like a splendid stereoscope,</p>
+<p class="line">Comes a view yet undiscovered</p>
+<p class="line">Full of awe, and life and hope<span class="corr" id=
+"xd23e4020" title="Not in source">.</span></p>
+<p class="line">Smiling vales and nodding forests</p>
+<p class="line">Greet you like a loving child,</p>
+<p class="line">From the zenith of the mountain,</p>
+<p class="line">Comes the landscape undefiled.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Flying clouds pour forth their shadows,</p>
+<p class="line">As the curious mystic maze</p>
+<p class="line">Shrouds the mountains from the vision,</p>
+<p class="line">With its dark and lowering haze.</p>
+<p class="line">Fog so dense come stealing o&rsquo;er you</p>
+<p class="line">That you know not day from night,</p>
+<p class="line">Till the rifting of the shadows</p>
+<p class="line">Makes room for the golden light.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">In the Blue Ridge, near the headland</p>
+<p class="line">In the Hamburg scenic mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Comes a silver flow of water</p>
+<p class="line">From a score of dancing fountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Tripping lightly, leaping gently,</p>
+<p class="line">Slipping &lsquo;neath the underbrush</p>
+<p class="line">Without noise it creepeth slowly</p>
+<p class="line">Toward the place of onward rush.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb84" href="#pb84" name=
+"pb84">84</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Floats along beneath the hemlock,</p>
+<p class="line">Nods to swaying spruce and pine,</p>
+<p class="line">Murmurs in its pebbly bottom</p>
+<p class="line">Holds converse with tree and vine.</p>
+<p class="line">Winds around the jutting ledges</p>
+<p class="line">Of translucent spar and flint,</p>
+<p class="line">With effulgence like the jasper</p>
+<p class="line">With its glare and gleam and glint.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Moving onward, moving ever,</p>
+<p class="line">In its course o&rsquo;er amber bed,</p>
+<p class="line">While the bluejay and the robin</p>
+<p class="line">Perch in tree top overhead;</p>
+<p class="line">Perch and sing of joy and freedom,</p>
+<p class="line">Fill the glen with pleasure&rsquo;s song,</p>
+<p class="line">As the waters, fresh and sparkling,</p>
+<p class="line">Rippling, gliding, pass along.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Thus the Tuckaseigee river</p>
+<p class="line">Rises far back in the dell,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the dank marsh of the mountain</p>
+<p class="line">Rise and fall, assuage and swell,</p>
+<p class="line">Till its flow becomes augmented</p>
+<p class="line">By a thousand little streams</p>
+<p class="line">Coming from the rocky highlands</p>
+<p class="line">Through their fissures and their seams.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb85" href="#pb85" name=
+"pb85">85</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Fills the valley, passes quickly,</p>
+<p class="line">Trips and falls a hundred feet,</p>
+<p class="line">Swirls a moment, makes a struggle,</p>
+<p class="line">Doth the same rash act repeat.</p>
+<p class="line">Rushes, rages, fumes and surges,</p>
+<p class="line">Dashes into mist and spray,</p>
+<p class="line">Heaves and sighs, foments and lashes,</p>
+<p class="line">As it turns to rush away;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Roars and fills the earth and heaven</p>
+<p class="line">With the pean of its rage,</p>
+<p class="line">Plunges down deep in the gulches,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the rocks are worn with age.</p>
+<p class="line">Maddened by the sudden conflict,</p>
+<p class="line">Starts anew to rend the wall</p>
+<p class="line">That confines its turbid waters</p>
+<p class="line">To the defile and the fall.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Once again it leaps and rushes</p>
+<p class="line">Toward the towering granite wall,</p>
+<p class="line">And it bounds full many a fathom</p>
+<p class="line">In its final furious fall.</p>
+<p class="line">Much it moans and seethes and surges,</p>
+<p class="line">Starts again at rapid speed,</p>
+<p class="line">O&rsquo;er the rocky pot-hole gushes</p>
+<p class="line">Like a gaited blooded steed.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb86" href="#pb86" name=
+"pb86">86</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Thus the Tuckaseigee river</p>
+<p class="line">Falls into the great abyss</p>
+<p class="line">Down the canyon, rough and rugged,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the spar and granite kiss.</p>
+<p class="line">Then it flows still fast and faster,</p>
+<p class="line">With its flood both bright and clear,</p>
+<p class="line">Through the cycles ripe with ages</p>
+<p class="line">Month on month and year on year.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Near the apex of the mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">In the silence of the dale,</p>
+<p class="line">Where no human foot has trodden</p>
+<p class="line">Path or road or warrior&rsquo;s trail,</p>
+<p class="line">From the tarn or seep there drippeth</p>
+<p class="line">Crystal water bright and free,</p>
+<p class="line">That becomes a nymph of beauty,</p>
+<p class="line">Pretty vale of Cullowhee.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">In the spreading vale the townhouse,</p>
+<p class="line">And the Indian village stood;</p>
+<p class="line">In the alcove, well secluded,</p>
+<p class="line">In the grove of walnut wood.</p>
+<p class="line">Ancient chiefs held many councils,</p>
+<p class="line">Sung the war-song, kept the dance,</p>
+<p class="line">While the squaws and pretty maidens</p>
+<p class="line">Vie each other in the prance.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb87" href="#pb87" name=
+"pb87">87</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Cullowhee, thou stream and valley,</p>
+<p class="line">Once the domicile and home,</p>
+<p class="line">Of a people free and happy,</p>
+<p class="line">Free from tribal fear and gloom,</p>
+<p class="line">Where, O where, are thy great warriors&mdash;</p>
+<p class="line">Where thy chiefs and warriors bold&mdash;</p>
+<p class="line">Who once held in strict abeyance</p>
+<p class="line">Those who plundered you of old?</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Gone forever are thy warriors,</p>
+<p class="line">Gone thy chiefs and maidens fair,</p>
+<p class="line">Vanished like the mist of summer,</p>
+<p class="line">Gone! but none can tell us where.</p>
+<p class="line">From their homes were hounded, driven,</p>
+<p class="line">Like the timid hind or deer,</p>
+<p class="line">Herded like the driven cattle,</p>
+<p class="line">Forced from home by gun and spear.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Tell me, vale or rippling water,</p>
+<p class="line">Tell me if ye can or will,</p>
+<p class="line">If you&rsquo;ve seen my long-lost lover</p>
+<p class="line">Known as wandering Whippoorwill?&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="line">But the water, cool and placid,</p>
+<p class="line">That comes from the mountain high</p>
+<p class="line">Swirled a moment, then departing</p>
+<p class="line">Made no answer or reply.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb88" href="#pb88" name=
+"pb88">88</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then the maiden&rsquo;s grief grew greater,</p>
+<p class="line">As she lingered by the stream</p>
+<p class="line">Watching for some sign or token</p>
+<p class="line">Or some vision through a dream;</p>
+<p class="line">But no dream made revelation,</p>
+<p class="line">Only sorrow filled her years,</p>
+<p class="line">And her eyes lost much of luster</p>
+<p class="line">As her cheeks suffused with tears.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Turning thence into the forest</p>
+<p class="line">Over hill and brook and mound,</p>
+<p class="line">To the Cullasaja river</p>
+<p class="line">Through the forest land they wound;</p>
+<p class="line">Through the tangled brush and ivy,</p>
+<p class="line">Rough and rugged mountainside,</p>
+<p class="line">Led the ponies through the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">Far too steep for them to ride.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">They descended trails deserted,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the chieftains used to go,</p>
+<p class="line">Near the Cullasaja river,</p>
+<p class="line">Near its rough uneven flow;</p>
+<p class="line">Camped upon its bank at evening,</p>
+<p class="line">Heard at night the roar and splash</p>
+<p class="line">Of the voice of many waters</p>
+<p class="line">Down the fearful cascade dash.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb89" href="#pb89" name=
+"pb89">89</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Stood at sunrise where the shadow</p>
+<p class="line">Of the cliffs cast darkening shade,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the rainbows chase the rainbow</p>
+<p class="line">Like as sorrows chased the maid.</p>
+<p class="line">Traveled down the silver current,</p>
+<p class="line">Rested often on the way,</p>
+<p class="line">Strolled the banks and fished the current</p>
+<p class="line">Of the crystal Ellijay.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Pleasantly the winding current</p>
+<p class="line">Eddies, swirls and loiters free</p>
+<p class="line">Till it joins the radiant waters</p>
+<p class="line">Of the little Tennessee;</p>
+<p class="line">Where the mound stands in the meadow,</p>
+<p class="line">Once the townhouse capped its crest,</p>
+<p class="line">There the tribe was wont to gather,</p>
+<p class="line">Council, plan and seek for rest.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">To the mound the tribe assembled,</p>
+<p class="line">From the regions all around,</p>
+<p class="line">Came from Cowee and Coweeta,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the Cherokee abound;</p>
+<p class="line">Came from Nantahala mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Skeenah and Cartoogechaye,</p>
+<p class="line">Nickajack and sweet Iola,</p>
+<p class="line">And from Choga far away.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb90" href="#pb90" name=
+"pb90">90</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">All the great men and the warriors</p>
+<p class="line">Brought the women, and their wives,</p>
+<p class="line">Came by hundreds without number,</p>
+<p class="line">Like the swarms around the hives;</p>
+<p class="line">But today there is no warrior,</p>
+<p class="line">Not a maiden can be found,</p>
+<p class="line">Tenting on the pretty meadow,</p>
+<p class="line">Or upon Nik-wa-sa mound.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">In the Cowee spur of mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Stands the Bald and Sentinel,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the valley and the river,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the moorland and the dell.</p>
+<p class="line">Like a pyramid it rises,</p>
+<p class="line">Layer on layer and flight on flight</p>
+<p class="line">Till its crest ascends the confines</p>
+<p class="line">Of the grand imperial height.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">From its summit far receding,</p>
+<p class="line">Contours of the mountains rise,</p>
+<p class="line">Numerous as the constellations</p>
+<p class="line">In the arched dome of the skies.</p>
+<p class="line">Far away beyond the valley</p>
+<p class="line">Double Top confronts the eye,</p>
+<p class="line">Black Rock rises like a shadow</p>
+<p class="line">On the blue ethereal sky.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb91" href="#pb91" name=
+"pb91">91</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Jones' Knob makes its appearance,</p>
+<p class="line">Highest, grandest height of all</p>
+<p class="line">Penetrates the vault of heaven,</p>
+<p class="line">None so picturesque or tall.</p>
+<p class="line">Wayah, Burningtown and Wesser</p>
+<p class="line">Raise their bald heads to the cloud</p>
+<p class="line">High and haughty, rich in beauty</p>
+<p class="line">And extremely vain and proud.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e4450width" id="p091-1"><img src=
+"images/p091-1.jpg" alt="Great Cliff, Whiteside Mountain." width="651"
+height="430">
+<p class="figureHead">Great Cliff, Whiteside Mountain.</p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e4455width"><img src="images/p091-2.jpg" alt=
+"Whiteside Mountain." width="646" height="437">
+<p class="figureHead"><span class="corr" id="xd23e4457" title=
+"Not in source">Whiteside Mountain.</span></p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Hardby stands the Whiteside Mountain,</p>
+<p class="line">Like an athlete, strong and tall.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Una and Yalaka mountains</p>
+<p class="line">Stand so near up by the side</p>
+<p class="line">Of the Cowee, that you&rsquo;d take them</p>
+<p class="line">For its consort or its bride.</p>
+<p class="line">Festooned, wreathed and decorated</p>
+<p class="line">With the honeysuckle bloom,</p>
+<p class="line">And the lady-slipper blossom,</p>
+<p class="line">There dispels the hour of gloom.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Ginseng and the Indian turnip</p>
+<p class="line">Grow up from their fallow beds</p>
+<p class="line">In the dark coves of the mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">With their beaded crimson heads.</p>
+<p class="line">Fertile fields and stately meadows</p>
+<p class="line">Stretch along the sylvan streams</p>
+<p class="line">And surpass the fields Elysian,</p>
+<p class="line">Seen in visionary dreams.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb92" href="#pb92" name=
+"pb92">92</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">From the summit of the Cowee</p>
+<p class="line">In the season of the fall,</p>
+<p class="line">Fog fills all the pretty valley</p>
+<p class="line">Settles like the deathly pall,</p>
+<p class="line">Coming from the rill and river,</p>
+<p class="line">To the isothermal belt,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the sunbeam meets the fog-line</p>
+<p class="line">And the frost and ices melt.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Jutting tops of verdant mountains</p>
+<p class="line">Penetrate the fog below,</p>
+<p class="line">As the islands in the ocean</p>
+<p class="line">Form the archipelago.</p>
+<p class="line">Sea of fog stands out before you,</p>
+<p class="line">With its islands and its reef</p>
+<p class="line">Silent and devoid of murmur</p>
+<p class="line">As the quivering aspen leaf.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Occoneechee, look to Northland,</p>
+<p class="line">See the Smoky Mountains rise,</p>
+<p class="line">Like a shadow in the valley</p>
+<p class="line">Or a cloud upon the skies.</p>
+<p class="line">Many days since you beheld them</p>
+<p class="line">In their grand, majestic height;</p>
+<p class="line">Many days from these you&rsquo;ve wandered</p>
+<p class="line">From their fountains, pure and bright.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb93" href="#pb93" name=
+"pb93">93</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Hie thee to the Smoky Mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Tarry not upon the plain,</p>
+<p class="line">Linger not upon the border</p>
+<p class="line">Of the fields of golden grain.</p>
+<p class="line">Flee thee as a kite or eagle,</p>
+<p class="line">Not a moment stop or stay,</p>
+<p class="line">Hasten to Oconaluftee,</p>
+<p class="line">Be not long upon the way.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;I have much to speak unto you</p>
+<p class="line">E&rsquo;er I take my final leave,</p>
+<p class="line">Some will sadden, some will gladden,</p>
+<p class="line">Some bring joy and some will grieve.</p>
+<p class="line">All our legends, myths and stories</p>
+<p class="line">Soon will fall into decay,</p>
+<p class="line">And I must transmit them to you</p>
+<p class="line">E&rsquo;er I turn to go away.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Mount thee, mount thee quick this pony,</p>
+<p class="line">Spryly spring upon its back,</p>
+<p class="line">Leave no vestige, sign or token</p>
+<p class="line">Or the semblance of a track,</p>
+<p class="line">Whereby man may trace or trail thee,</p>
+<p class="line">In the moorland or morass,</p>
+<p class="line">By the radiant river flowing</p>
+<p class="line">Or secluded mountain pass.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb94" href="#pb94" name=
+"pb94">94</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Grasp the reins, hold fast the girdle,</p>
+<p class="line">Like flamingoes make your flight</p>
+<p class="line">To the great dome of the mountain</p>
+<p class="line">That now gleams within your sight.</p>
+<p class="line">Clingman&rsquo;s Dome, the crowning glory</p>
+<p class="line">Of the high erupted hills,</p>
+<p class="line">They will shield you and protect you,</p>
+<p class="line">With its cliffs and rolling rills.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Sped they like the rolling current,</p>
+<p class="line">Sped they like a gleam of light,</p>
+<p class="line">Sped they as the flying phantom</p>
+<p class="line">Or a swallow in its flight,</p>
+<p class="line">To their refuge in the mountain,</p>
+<p class="line">To the temple of the earth,</p>
+<p class="line">Near the lonely spot secluded,</p>
+<p class="line">That had known her from her birth.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Standing, gazing, watching, peering,</p>
+<p class="line">Through the azure atmosphere,</p>
+<p class="line">At the wilderness before you</p>
+<p class="line">And the scene both rich and clear.</p>
+<p class="line">Cerulean the gorgeous mountains</p>
+<p class="line">Rise and loom up in your sight,</p>
+<p class="line">Like a splendid constellation</p>
+<p class="line">On a crisp autumnal night.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb95" href="#pb95" name=
+"pb95">95</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&lsquo;Twixt the fall and winter season,</p>
+<p class="line">Comes a tinge of milky haze,</p>
+<p class="line">Stealing o&rsquo;er the Smoky Mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Shutting out the solar rays,</p>
+<p class="line">Flooding vales and filling valleys,</p>
+<p class="line">Coming, creeping, crawling slow,</p>
+<p class="line">Fills the firmament with shadows</p>
+<p class="line">As with crystal flakes of snow.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Through the haze and mist and shadows</p>
+<p class="line">You discern a ball of fire,</p>
+<p class="line">From the rim of Nature rising</p>
+<p class="line">As a knighted funeral pyre;</p>
+<p class="line">Yet it moveth slowly upward,</p>
+<p class="line">Creeps aloft along the sky,</p>
+<p class="line">As a billow on the ocean</p>
+<p class="line">Meets the ship, then passes by.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">This you say is Indian summer,</p>
+<p class="line">Tepid season of the year,</p>
+<p class="line">When glad harvest songs ascendeth</p>
+<p class="line">Full of hope and love and cheer.</p>
+<p class="line">From Penobscot, down the Hudson,</p>
+<p class="line">By the Susquehanna wild,</p>
+<p class="line">Through the Shenandoah valley</p>
+<p class="line">Roamed the forest-loving child.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb96" href="#pb96" name=
+"pb96">96</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Roamed the Mohawk and the Huron,</p>
+<p class="line">Seneca and Wyandot,</p>
+<p class="line">Delaware and the Mohican,</p>
+<p class="line">Long since perished and forgot.</p>
+<p class="line">Powhattan and Tuscarora,</p>
+<p class="line">And the wandering Showano,</p>
+<p class="line">Creek and Seminole and Erie,</p>
+<p class="line">Miami and Pamlico,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Chicasaw and the Osages,</p>
+<p class="line">Kickapoo and Illinois,</p>
+<p class="line">Ottawas and Susquehannas,</p>
+<p class="line">Objibwas and Iroquois,</p>
+<p class="line">Once enjoyed the Indian summers,</p>
+<p class="line">Once to all this land was heir,</p>
+<p class="line">Sportive, free and lithe and happy,</p>
+<p class="line">Chief and maid and matron fair.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">As the blossoms in the forest</p>
+<p class="line">Bloom, then fall into decay,</p>
+<p class="line">So the mighty tribes here mentioned,</p>
+<p class="line">Flourished, so traditions say;</p>
+<p class="line">Then the coming of the white man,</p>
+<p class="line">Spread consternation far and wide;</p>
+<p class="line">Then decay and desolation</p>
+<p class="line">Conquered all their manly pride.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb97" href="#pb97" name=
+"pb97">97</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Treaties made were quickly broken</p>
+<p class="line">And their homes were burned with fire,</p>
+<p class="line">Which provoked the mighty tribesmen</p>
+<p class="line">And aroused their vengeful ire.</p>
+<p class="line">Furious raids on hostile savage</p>
+<p class="line">With the powder-horn and gun,</p>
+<p class="line">Soon reduced the noble red man</p>
+<p class="line">Slowly, surely, one by one,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Till not one now roams the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">None are left to tell the tale;</p>
+<p class="line">All their guns and bows are broken,</p>
+<p class="line">None now for them weep or wail.</p>
+<p class="line">Only names of streams and mountains</p>
+<p class="line">Keep the memory aglow,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the noble, brave and fearless</p>
+<p class="line">Red men of the long ago.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Cherokee, the seed and offspring</p>
+<p class="line">Residue of Iroquois,</p>
+<p class="line">Silently are disappearing</p>
+<p class="line">Without pageantry or noise.</p>
+<p class="line">Though more civil and more learned</p>
+<p class="line">And much wiser than the rest,</p>
+<p class="line">They will be amalgamated,</p>
+<p class="line">By the white man in the West.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb98" href="#pb98" name=
+"pb98">98</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Occoneechee and the chieftain</p>
+<p class="line">Talked of all that they had seen,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the flow of pretty rivers</p>
+<p class="line">And the matchless mountains green,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the ferns and pretty flowers,</p>
+<p class="line">Parterre of rarest hue,</p>
+<p class="line">Tint of maroon, white and yellow,</p>
+<p class="line">Saffron, lilac, red and blue.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Held they converse of their travels,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the wilderness sublime,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the myths and happy legends</p>
+<p class="line">Told through yielding years of time.</p>
+<p class="line">Of the wars and tales forgotten,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the chiefs and warriors brave</p>
+<p class="line">Who long since have run their journey,</p>
+<p class="line">Who now sleep within the grave.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">At those tales the maiden wept loud,</p>
+<p class="line">Sought for solace thru a sigh,</p>
+<p class="line">Much o&rsquo;ercome by thoughts of loved ones,</p>
+<p class="line">And she prayed that she might die</p>
+<p class="line">High upon the Smoky Mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Where no human soul can trace</p>
+<p class="line">The seclusions of the forest</p>
+<p class="line">To her lonely burial place.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb99" href="#pb99" name=
+"pb99">99</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Bitterly she wailed in sorrow,</p>
+<p class="line">Saying &ldquo;Tell me, tell me why</p>
+<p class="line">I am left out here so lonely,</p>
+<p class="line">And my tears are never dry?</p>
+<p class="line">Why he comes not at my calling,</p>
+<p class="line">Why he roams some lonely way,</p>
+<p class="line">Why does he not come back to me&mdash;</p>
+<p class="line">Why does he not come and stay?</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e4889width" id="p099-1"><img src=
+"images/p099-1.jpg" alt="Tennessee River, above Franklin, N. C." width=
+"645" height="484">
+<p class="figureHead">Tennessee River, above Franklin, N. C.</p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e4894width" id="p099-2"><img src=
+"images/p099-2.jpg" alt="Lake Toxaway." width="650" height="431">
+<p class="figureHead">Lake Toxaway.</p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Why and where now does he linger?</p>
+<p class="line">Tell me, silver, crescent moon,</p>
+<p class="line">Shall our parting be forever&mdash;</p>
+<p class="line">Shall our hopes all blast at noon?</p>
+<p class="line">When love&rsquo;s bright star shines the brightest</p>
+<p class="line">Shall it be the sooner set?</p>
+<p class="line">Shall we e&rsquo;er be reunited,</p>
+<p class="line">Tell me, while hope lingers yet!</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Does he linger in the mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Far up toward the radiant sky?</p>
+<p class="line">Tell me, blessed God of Nature,</p>
+<p class="line">Tell me, blessed Nunnahi.</p>
+<p class="line">Has some evil spirit seized him,</p>
+<p class="line">Hid or carried him away</p>
+<p class="line">Far beyond the gleaming sunset,</p>
+<p class="line">Far out toward the close of day?</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb100" href="#pb100" name=
+"pb100">100</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Will he come back with the morning,</p>
+<p class="line">Borne upon its wings of light,</p>
+<p class="line">From the shade that long has lingered,</p>
+<p class="line">From the darkness of the night?</p>
+<p class="line">Is there none to bring me answer?</p>
+<p class="line">Speak, dear Nature, tell me where</p>
+<p class="line">I may find my long lost lover,</p>
+<p class="line">Is my final feeble prayer.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then the chieftain, grand and noble,</p>
+<p class="line">Came and lingered by her side,</p>
+<p class="line">Like a lover in devotion</p>
+<p class="line">Lingers near a loving bride.</p>
+<p class="line">Then in accents like a clarion,</p>
+<p class="line">Sweet and clear, but gently said,</p>
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Whippoorwill, my friend, your lover,</p>
+<p class="line">Comes again, he is not dead!</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;I will go and hunt your lover,</p>
+<p class="line">And will bring him to your side;</p>
+<p class="line">I will roam the forest ever,</p>
+<p class="line">And will cease to be your guide;</p>
+<p class="line">I will find the one you&rsquo;ve looked for,</p>
+<p class="line">And will tell him that you live;</p>
+<p class="line">I will tell him of your rambles,</p>
+<p class="line">And will all my future give,</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb101" href="#pb101" name=
+"pb101">101</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Till I find him in the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">Or upon the flowing brink</p>
+<p class="line">Of the Coosa river flowing,</p>
+<p class="line">Where he used to often drink.</p>
+<p class="line">In the everglades may linger,</p>
+<p class="line">&lsquo;Neath the shade of some cool palm,</p>
+<p class="line">Sweetest refuge of the lowlands,</p>
+<p class="line">With its air of purest balm.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Where the Seminole in silence,</p>
+<p class="line">Made their refuge, long ago,</p>
+<p class="line">From the fierce onslaught of Jackson,</p>
+<p class="line">And exterminating woe.</p>
+<p class="line">He may listen in the silence</p>
+<p class="line">And the solitude of night,</p>
+<p class="line">For some friendly sign or token</p>
+<p class="line">Whereby he may make his flight.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;When I&rsquo;ve found him we will travel,</p>
+<p class="line">We will travel night and day,</p>
+<p class="line">We will hasten on our journey,</p>
+<p class="line">Will not linger nor delay,</p>
+<p class="line">We will speed along the valley</p>
+<p class="line">Like the wind before the rain,</p>
+<p class="line">We will neither stop nor tarry,</p>
+<p class="line">Never from our speed refrain.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb102" href="#pb102" name=
+"pb102">102</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;We will rush along the river,</p>
+<p class="line">Like the maddened swollen tide,</p>
+<p class="line">Like a leaf upon the cyclone</p>
+<p class="line">Rushing forward in its pride;</p>
+<p class="line">Over winter&rsquo;s snow and ices</p>
+<p class="line">We will rush with greatest speed,</p>
+<p class="line">Like a herd of frightened cattle</p>
+<p class="line">Or a trained Kentucky steed.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;I will tell him of your travels</p>
+<p class="line">Into lands he&rsquo;s never seen,</p>
+<p class="line">With their forests and their flowers,</p>
+<p class="line">And their leaves of living green;</p>
+<p class="line">How for years you&rsquo;ve looked and waited,</p>
+<p class="line">Watched the trail and mountainside,</p>
+<p class="line">Watched and hoped long for him coming,</p>
+<p class="line">That you might become his bride.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;I am John Ax, Stagu-Nahi!</p>
+<p class="line">Much I love the mountains wild!</p>
+<p class="line">Friend of those who love the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">Friend of those who love you, child.</p>
+<p class="line">I bespeak a special blessing</p>
+<p class="line">To attend you while I go</p>
+<p class="line">Into strange lands, unto strangers,</p>
+<p class="line">Hither, thither, to and fro.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb103" href="#pb103" name=
+"pb103">103</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then he pressed her to his bosom,</p>
+<p class="line">Breathed a silent, parting prayer</p>
+<p class="line">To the Nunnahi in heaven,</p>
+<p class="line">For the lovely maid so fair;</p>
+<p class="line">Prayed and blessed her, then departed</p>
+<p class="line">Thru primeval forests wild,</p>
+<p class="line">Sped he by the rolling waters,</p>
+<p class="line">Heard them laugh and saw them smile.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Sped he by the Coosa river,</p>
+<p class="line">Where great brakes of waving cane,</p>
+<p class="line">Bend before the blowing breezes,</p>
+<p class="line">Like the waves of wind and rain.</p>
+<p class="line">Took the trails where once the chieftain</p>
+<p class="line">Strode at will in lordly pride,</p>
+<p class="line">By the Coosa river flowing</p>
+<p class="line">In its smooth, unrippled tide.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Downward, onward, free and easy,</p>
+<p class="line">Swirls and turns and travels slow,</p>
+<p class="line">As it glitters in the sunlight,</p>
+<p class="line">As its waters onward go.</p>
+<p class="line">Sees the trail almost extinguished</p>
+<p class="line">By the pretty Etawa,</p>
+<p class="line">Where once dwelt in great profusion,</p>
+<p class="line">Chief and maid and tawny squaw.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb104" href="#pb104" name=
+"pb104">104</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Traveled far the Tallapoosa</p>
+<p class="line">Into fen and deep morass,</p>
+<p class="line">Through the wildwood, glade and forest</p>
+<p class="line">Dark defile and narrow pass;</p>
+<p class="line">Footsore, lame and often hungry,</p>
+<p class="line">Traveled onward day and night,</p>
+<p class="line">Like the wild goose speeding forward</p>
+<p class="line">In its semi-annual flight.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">O&rsquo;er the glebes of Alabama,</p>
+<p class="line">Crossed the hill and stream and dale,</p>
+<p class="line">To the Tuskaloosa flowing</p>
+<p class="line">Near the ancient Indian trail,</p>
+<p class="line">Now deserted and forsaken</p>
+<p class="line">Is the war path and the land,</p>
+<p class="line">By the Creek and great Muscogas</p>
+<p class="line">Wandering, wild, nomadic band.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Pensive, lonely and dejected,</p>
+<p class="line">Penetrated he the wild,</p>
+<p class="line">Over fen and bog and prairie,</p>
+<p class="line">Into climates soft and mild.</p>
+<p class="line">By lagoon and lake and river,</p>
+<p class="line">By the deep translucent bay,</p>
+<p class="line">Followed he the sun&rsquo;s direction,</p>
+<p class="line">Many a night and sunlit day.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb105" href="#pb105" name=
+"pb105">105</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Crossed the Mississippi delta,</p>
+<p class="line">Wound through many moor and fen,</p>
+<p class="line">Saw the shining stars at midnight,</p>
+<p class="line">And the dawn of days begin;</p>
+<p class="line">Heard the tramp of bear and bison,</p>
+<p class="line">Heard the wild wolf&rsquo;s dismal howl,</p>
+<p class="line">Saw the glowworm in the rushes,</p>
+<p class="line">Heard the whippoorwill and owl.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Heard the alligator bellow,</p>
+<p class="line">Saw him swim the broad bayou,</p>
+<p class="line">Saw the egret, crane and heron,</p>
+<p class="line">Wading stark and tree-cuckoo.</p>
+<p class="line">Trackless miles spread out before him,</p>
+<p class="line">Stretching leagues of gama grass</p>
+<p class="line">Lay across the course he traveled,</p>
+<p class="line">Lay out where he had to pass.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Dangling mosses from the tree tops,</p>
+<p class="line">Swung by swaying winds and breeze,</p>
+<p class="line">Cling with tendrils to the branches,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the mighty live oak trees.</p>
+<p class="line">Soft as lichens, light as feathers</p>
+<p class="line">Was the tall untrodden grass,</p>
+<p class="line">On the prairie and the meadow,</p>
+<p class="line">And the spreading rich morass.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb106" href="#pb106" name=
+"pb106">106</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Tranquil, peacefully and quiet</p>
+<p class="line">Did the moons and moments wane,</p>
+<p class="line">Till he came to Oklahoma,</p>
+<p class="line">Into his own tribe&rsquo;s domain;</p>
+<p class="line">Here he rested for a season,</p>
+<p class="line">Ate the food and drank for health</p>
+<p class="line">In the land of Oklahoma,</p>
+<p class="line">Land of perfect natural wealth.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Oklahoma, red man&rsquo;s country,</p>
+<p class="line">Blest above all other lands,</p>
+<p class="line">In her natural soil and climate,</p>
+<p class="line">In her ore-beds and her sands;</p>
+<p class="line">In her fertile fields and valleys,</p>
+<p class="line">In her people, true and great,</p>
+<p class="line">Cherokee and Creek and Choctaws</p>
+<p class="line">Make the people of the state.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Here&rsquo;s a land transformed in beauty,</p>
+<p class="line">Touched and tilled by busy toil,</p>
+<p class="line">Responds quickly to the tiller,</p>
+<p class="line">Products of a generous soil.</p>
+<p class="line">Fruits and flowers forever growing,</p>
+<p class="line">Fields of gold and snowy white,</p>
+<p class="line">Songs of harvest home and plenty</p>
+<p class="line">Sung to every one&rsquo;s delight.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb107" href="#pb107" name=
+"pb107">107</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Here with labor, love and patience,</p>
+<p class="line">There arose an empire great,</p>
+<p class="line">Which when settled, tilled and treated,</p>
+<p class="line">Has become a powerful state;</p>
+<p class="line">Filled with people true and honest,</p>
+<p class="line">Filled with people thrifty too,</p>
+<p class="line">And the land is flat and fertile,</p>
+<p class="line">Best that mortals ever knew.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e5319width" id="p107-1"><img src=
+"images/p107-1.jpg" alt="Tomb of Junaluska, Robbinsville, N. C." width=
+"643" height="438">
+<p class="figureHead">Tomb of Junaluska, Robbinsville, N. C.</p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e5324width" id="p107-2"><img src=
+"images/p107-2.jpg" alt="Where the Serpent Coiled." width="645" height=
+"441">
+<p class="figureHead"><span class="corr" id="xd23e5326" title=
+"Not in source">Where the Serpent Coiled.</span></p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Where the serpent coiled and waited</p>
+<p class="line">Hid beneath the waving grass.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Once where roamed the bear and bison,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the she wolf and the owl</p>
+<p class="line">Made their home and habitation,</p>
+<p class="line">And the foxes used to prowl;</p>
+<p class="line">Where the serpent coiled and waited,</p>
+<p class="line">Hid beneath the waving grass</p>
+<p class="line">To inject his fangs and venom</p>
+<p class="line">In some human as he&rsquo;d pass,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Now there thrives the busy city,</p>
+<p class="line">Bristling with the throb and thrill</p>
+<p class="line">Of the commerce of a nation,</p>
+<p class="line">Growing greater, growing still.</p>
+<p class="line">All her farms and fields and ranches,</p>
+<p class="line">Groan beneath their heavy load</p>
+<p class="line">Of waving grain and lowing cattle;</p>
+<p class="line">All the land with wealth is strewed.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb108" href="#pb108" name=
+"pb108">108</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then he rose up like the morning,</p>
+<p class="line">From his slumber and his rest,</p>
+<p class="line">To converse there with the chieftains</p>
+<p class="line">Among whom he&rsquo;d been a guest.</p>
+<p class="line">Then he spoke of Carolina</p>
+<p class="line">Toward the rising of the sun,</p>
+<p class="line">Full of hope and awe and splendor</p>
+<p class="line">Where his early life begun.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">And he spoke of Occoneechee</p>
+<p class="line">In the land of hills and streams,</p>
+<p class="line">In the land of wooded forests,</p>
+<p class="line">Land of love and fondest dreams;</p>
+<p class="line">Land where myths and mirth commingle,</p>
+<p class="line">Where aspiring peaks point high,</p>
+<p class="line">To the dials of the morning</p>
+<p class="line">In the sweet &ldquo;Land of the sky.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Spoke he also of a chieftain,</p>
+<p class="line">Known to her as Whippoorwill,</p>
+<p class="line">Who once dwelt within the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">Near a pleasant little rill,</p>
+<p class="line">In the dark fens of the mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Back where oak and birchen grove</p>
+<p class="line">Cast their shadows o&rsquo;er the valley</p>
+<p class="line">O&rsquo;er the cliffs and deepest cove.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb109" href="#pb109" name=
+"pb109">109</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Where glad song of the nightingale</p>
+<p class="line">Is the sweetest ever heard,</p>
+<p class="line">And far exceeds in melody,</p>
+<p class="line">The trill of the mocking-bird.</p>
+<p class="line">From the matutinal dawning</p>
+<p class="line">Till the falling shades of night</p>
+<p class="line">The songster sings in mellow tones</p>
+<p class="line">To the auditor&rsquo;s delight.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Long in silence sat the chieftain,</p>
+<p class="line">Long he listened quite intent,</p>
+<p class="line">To the story of the stranger,</p>
+<p class="line">Catching all he said and meant,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the maiden of the mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the trees and songs of bird,</p>
+<p class="line">And the story lingered with him,</p>
+<p class="line">Every syllable and word.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then the chieftain made inquiry</p>
+<p class="line">Of the stranger true and bold,</p>
+<p class="line">Who now came to tarry with them,</p>
+<p class="line">Who was growing gray and old,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the health and habitation</p>
+<p class="line">Of the Eastern tribal band</p>
+<p class="line">Who still dwelt amid the Smokies</p>
+<p class="line">In his own sweet native land;</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb110" href="#pb110" name=
+"pb110">110</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Where his heart felt first the wooing,</p>
+<p class="line">Where his hope of youth ran high,</p>
+<p class="line">&lsquo;Mid the hills of Carolina</p>
+<p class="line">In the sweet &ldquo;Land of the sky.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="line">In the land of flowers and sunshine,</p>
+<p class="line">Land of silver-flowing streams,</p>
+<p class="line">Land of promise full of blessings</p>
+<p class="line">And of legends, myths and dreams;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Land of pretty maids and matrons,</p>
+<p class="line">Home where generous hearts are true,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the sunshine chases shadows</p>
+<p class="line">Down the vaults of vaporous blue.</p>
+<p class="line">Where the wild flight of the eagle</p>
+<p class="line">Soars beyond the keenest eye,</p>
+<p class="line">In recesses of the heavens,</p>
+<p class="line">In the blue ethereal sky.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Rifting rocks and rolling rivers</p>
+<p class="line">Doth adorn the hill and vale,</p>
+<p class="line">Lilting melodies float outward</p>
+<p class="line">On the vortex of the gale;</p>
+<p class="line">This the land of Occoneechee,</p>
+<p class="line">Land that Junaluska saw,</p>
+<p class="line">Home of warrior, chief and maiden,</p>
+<p class="line">Land of dauntless brave and squaw.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb111" href="#pb111" name=
+"pb111">111</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Let us go back to those mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Once more let us view those hills,</p>
+<p class="line">And let me hear the voice once more</p>
+<p class="line">Of the laughing streams and rills;</p>
+<p class="line">And let me view with raptured eye</p>
+<p class="line">The blossom of tree and vine,</p>
+<p class="line">Once more inhale the sweet ozone,</p>
+<p class="line">Under tulip tree and pine.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Those hills, delectable mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Outrival the scenes of Greece,</p>
+<p class="line">Surpass in beauty and grandeur</p>
+<p class="line">The Eagle or Golden Fleece.</p>
+<p class="line">Those shrines and temples of granite,</p>
+<p class="line">Glad sentinels of the free!</p>
+<p class="line">There let me roam through dell once more,</p>
+<p class="line">Let me glad and happy be.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Some speak of splendid balmy isles,</p>
+<p class="line">Far out in the rolling sea,</p>
+<p class="line">Of spicy groves, and vine-clad hills,</p>
+<p class="line">And of things which are to be;</p>
+<p class="line">Of nymphs and naiads of the past,</p>
+<p class="line">Of lands of the brave and free,</p>
+<p class="line">But none of these can e&rsquo;er surpass</p>
+<p class="line">The hills of Cherokee;</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb112" href="#pb112" name=
+"pb112">112</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">The hills where roamed the dusky maid,</p>
+<p class="line">And the home of Whippoorwill,</p>
+<p class="line">Where Occoneechee dreamed at night,</p>
+<p class="line">By the gushing stream and rill.</p>
+<p class="line">By strange enchanted mystic lake</p>
+<p class="line">Where the wildest beasts are seen,</p>
+<p class="line">Far back in the deep recess</p>
+<p class="line">Of the mountain&rsquo;s verdure green.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Let autumn&rsquo;s wind blow swift its gale,</p>
+<p class="line">The season of summer flee,</p>
+<p class="line">But I will soon my lover meet,</p>
+<p class="line">In the &lsquo;land of the brave and free,&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="line">I&rsquo;ll leave Tahlequah in the West,</p>
+<p class="line">With this warrior at my side.</p>
+<p class="line">We&rsquo;ll travel as the fleetest winds</p>
+<p class="line">Unless ill fates betide.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;While the morrow&rsquo;s stars are glowing,</p>
+<p class="line">In the dials of the morn,</p>
+<p class="line">I will start upon the journey,</p>
+<p class="line">To the land where I was born.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="line">So he gathered up his chattels,</p>
+<p class="line">Springing spryly on his steed,</p>
+<p class="line">Made inquiry of the warrior,</p>
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Which of us shall take the lead?&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb113" href="#pb113" name=
+"pb113">113</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then the warrior to the chieftain</p>
+<p class="line">Quick replied, &ldquo;I&rsquo;ll lead the way</p>
+<p class="line">Far across the hill and valley,</p>
+<p class="line">Mounted on this splendid bay.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="line">Then they said to friend and neighbor,</p>
+<p class="line">Old-time chief and child and squaw,</p>
+<p class="line">&ldquo;At the dawning, we will leave you,</p>
+<p class="line">Leave the town of Tahlequah;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Leave the tribe and reservation,</p>
+<p class="line">For a journey to the East,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the tribesmen dwell together,</p>
+<p class="line">Meet serenely, drink and feast,</p>
+<p class="line">In a land where peace and pleasure</p>
+<p class="line">Vie each other in the pace,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the hopes of life are brightest</p>
+<p class="line">To the fallen human race.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Just then came a gleam like lightning,</p>
+<p class="line">Shooting forth its silver ray,</p>
+<p class="line">Which precedes the golden splendor</p>
+<p class="line">Of the fast approaching day.</p>
+<p class="line">This the advent and the token</p>
+<p class="line">For the brave to lead the way</p>
+<p class="line">Out across the plain and valley</p>
+<p class="line">Toward the coming king of day.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb114" href="#pb114" name=
+"pb114">114</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then they seized the spear and trident,</p>
+<p class="line">Bow and tomahawk and knife,</p>
+<p class="line">And they left the scenes of conflict,</p>
+<p class="line">With its turmoil and its strife;</p>
+<p class="line">And they journeyed ever eastward,</p>
+<p class="line">Days and many a-waning moon,</p>
+<p class="line">Crossing river, lake and prairie,</p>
+<p class="line">Spreading field and broad lagoon.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Saw the Wabash and Missouri,</p>
+<p class="line">Cumberland and Tennessee,</p>
+<p class="line">Saw the Holston in its beauty</p>
+<p class="line">And the town of Chilhowee.</p>
+<p class="line">Looked down on the Nolachucky,</p>
+<p class="line">Saw Watauga&rsquo;s crystal flow</p>
+<p class="line">Gleam from out the moon&rsquo;s reflection</p>
+<p class="line">From the canyon&rsquo;s depths below.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Neptune, who pervades the water,</p>
+<p class="line">Ne&rsquo;er beheld a holier sight</p>
+<p class="line">Than this happy, hopeful chieftain</p>
+<p class="line">Did that crisp autumnal night.</p>
+<p class="line">While he looked upon the water</p>
+<p class="line">Bright and pure and crystalline,</p>
+<p class="line">Fairest land and purest water</p>
+<p class="line">Mortal eye had ever seen;</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb115" href="#pb115" name=
+"pb115">115</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">He beheld there in his vision</p>
+<p class="line">Such a Naiad divine,</p>
+<p class="line">That he put forth his endeavors,</p>
+<p class="line">That he might the maid entwine;</p>
+<p class="line">But she flew back like a phantom,</p>
+<p class="line">Back into the crescent wave,</p>
+<p class="line">From the presence of the chieftain</p>
+<p class="line">And the relegated brave;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Flew back from him and departed</p>
+<p class="line">And was lost to human eye;</p>
+<p class="line">All that now lay out before him</p>
+<p class="line">Was the stream and earth and sky.</p>
+<p class="line">Full of disappointing beauty,</p>
+<p class="line">Was the earth and sky and stream,</p>
+<p class="line">When divested of the grandeur</p>
+<p class="line">Of the vision and the dream.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then he rambled through the mountains</p>
+<p class="line">Over crag and rugged steep,</p>
+<p class="line">Through the laurel bed and ivy</p>
+<p class="line">By exertion did he creep;</p>
+<p class="line">Through the hemlock and the balsam</p>
+<p class="line">Under oak and birchen tree,</p>
+<p class="line">Gazing through the heath before him</p>
+<p class="line">If perchance that he might see</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb116" href="#pb116" name=
+"pb116">116</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">In the dim, dark, hazel distance,</p>
+<p class="line">Far out on the mountainside</p>
+<p class="line">Occoneechee, pure and lovely,</p>
+<p class="line">Whom he longed to make his bride;</p>
+<p class="line">Make his bride and dwell there with her</p>
+<p class="line">&lsquo;Mid aspiring peak and dome;</p>
+<p class="line">Longed to have her sit beside him,</p>
+<p class="line">In his peaceful mountain home.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Wandered through the Craggy mountains</p>
+<p class="line">Where no human foot had trod,</p>
+<p class="line">And no eye had yet beheld it,</p>
+<p class="line">Save the eye of Nature&rsquo;s God.</p>
+<p class="line">For the spreading tree and forest</p>
+<p class="line">Grew from out the virgin soil,</p>
+<p class="line">And was free from all intrusions</p>
+<p class="line">Of the white man&rsquo;s skill and toil.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Now their speed was much retarded,</p>
+<p class="line">Trails once plain were now unkept,</p>
+<p class="line">And the chief and brave lamenting</p>
+<p class="line">Laid themselves down there and wept;</p>
+<p class="line">Wept for chiefs like Uniguski,</p>
+<p class="line">Sequoya and Utsala,</p>
+<p class="line">In the land of Tuckaleechee</p>
+<p class="line">And for friends like Wil-Usdi.<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd23e5844src" href="#xd23e5844" name="xd23e5844src">1</a></p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb117" href="#pb117" name=
+"pb117">117</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Turning from his grief and sorrow</p>
+<p class="line">For the chiefs of long ago,</p>
+<p class="line">Ceasing all his deep repining</p>
+<p class="line">From the burden of his woe,</p>
+<p class="line">Looking far o&rsquo;er hill and valley</p>
+<p class="line">He beheld the gilded dome</p>
+<p class="line">Of the Smokies in the distance,</p>
+<p class="line">Near old Junaluska&rsquo;s home.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e5865width" id="p117-1"><img src=
+"images/p117-1.jpg" alt="Harvesting at Cullowhee, N. C." width="642"
+height="476">
+<p class="figureHead">Harvesting at Cullowhee, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par first">Where the townhouse used to stand.</p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e5872width" id="p117-2"><img src=
+"images/p117-2.jpg" alt="Craggy Mountains, from near Asheville, N. C."
+width="649" height="483">
+<p class="figureHead">Craggy Mountains, from near Asheville, N. C.</p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then the chieftain&rsquo;s hope grew stronger,</p>
+<p class="line">As he looked upon the scene</p>
+<p class="line">Of that splendid mountain forest</p>
+<p class="line">With its crest of evergreen;</p>
+<p class="line">Like a black cloud in the winter,</p>
+<p class="line">Spreads upon the mountainside,</p>
+<p class="line">This the forest land primeval</p>
+<p class="line">That stands there in lordly pride,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">This the forest land primeval,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the chieftains used to roam,</p>
+<p class="line">Joined in chase of bear and bison,</p>
+<p class="line">Once the red deer&rsquo;s winter home.</p>
+<p class="line">Black and deep and dense the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">Steep and high the cliffside stands,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the Cherokee once wandered</p>
+<p class="line">In their wild nomadic bands.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb118" href="#pb118" name=
+"pb118">118</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">As they gazed upon the scenery,</p>
+<p class="line">Weird and wild and full of awe,</p>
+<p class="line">They were filled with consternation</p>
+<p class="line">At the sight both of them saw.</p>
+<p class="line">Passing high up near the zenith</p>
+<p class="line">Like an eagle in its flight</p>
+<p class="line">Came the sound of wings and voices,</p>
+<p class="line">On that moonlit autumn night.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Voices like the rolling thunder</p>
+<p class="line">Came resounding far and near,</p>
+<p class="line">And the meteoric flashes</p>
+<p class="line">Filled them full of awe and fear;</p>
+<p class="line">Till they trembled like the aspen</p>
+<p class="line">&lsquo;Mid the tempest fierce and wild,</p>
+<p class="line">Till it passes, then reposes,</p>
+<p class="line">Calmly as a little child.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Said the brave then to the chieftain,</p>
+<p class="line">&ldquo;This my token to depart,</p>
+<p class="line">I must quickly make my exit,</p>
+<p class="line">Though it grieves my soul and heart</p>
+<p class="line">Thus to leave you in the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">Out upon the mountainside,</p>
+<p class="line">Without hope or friend or shelter,</p>
+<p class="line">With no one to be your guide;</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb119" href="#pb119" name=
+"pb119">119</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;These the Nunnahi in heaven,</p>
+<p class="line">Come to lead me far away,</p>
+<p class="line">Over hill and dale and valley,</p>
+<p class="line">Toward the final close of day.</p>
+<p class="line">You will miss me in the morning,</p>
+<p class="line">Miss me at the noon and night,</p>
+<p class="line">When I&rsquo;m mounted on my pinions</p>
+<p class="line">And am lost to human sight.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Yet a moment I&rsquo;m allotted</p>
+<p class="line">To transmit to you my will;</p>
+<p class="line">High here on the Smoky Mountains</p>
+<p class="line">Near the bright translucent rill,</p>
+<p class="line">Let me tell you while life lingers</p>
+<p class="line">In the archives of my breast,</p>
+<p class="line">Where you&rsquo;ll find sweet Occoneechee</p>
+<p class="line">When my soul has flown to rest:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;She still lingers in the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">Near the sweet enchanted lake,</p>
+<p class="line">Near the spirit land she lingers,</p>
+<p class="line">Underneath the tangled brake.</p>
+<p class="line">She holds all our myths and legends,</p>
+<p class="line">Tales as told long years ago.</p>
+<p class="line">Now I bid you leave me lonely</p>
+<p class="line">To my fate of weal or woe.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb120" href="#pb120" name=
+"pb120">120</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Leave me quick, the spirits call me,</p>
+<p class="line">Linger not within my sight,</p>
+<p class="line">Hie thee quickly through the shadows</p>
+<p class="line">Of this crisp autumnal night.</p>
+<p class="line">Tell our friend, sweet Occoneechee,</p>
+<p class="line">That I&rsquo;ve gone to join the band</p>
+<p class="line">Of the braves who have departed</p>
+<p class="line">For the happy hunting land.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then a shadow passed between them,</p>
+<p class="line">Like a cloud upon the sky,</p>
+<p class="line">And the chief was separated</p>
+<p class="line">There upon the mountain high,</p>
+<p class="line">From his guide and friend forever,</p>
+<p class="line">So his eye could never see.</p>
+<p class="line">Whence he traveled, none returneth</p>
+<p class="line">To explain the mystery.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Thus bereft of friend and neighbor,</p>
+<p class="line">Whippoorwill began to wail,</p>
+<p class="line">For some mystic hand to guide him</p>
+<p class="line">Back into the trodden trail,</p>
+<p class="line">Where some chief had gone before him</p>
+<p class="line">In the years that long had flown,</p>
+<p class="line">Out upon the mystic ages,</p>
+<p class="line">Now forgotten and unknown.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb121" href="#pb121" name=
+"pb121">121</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">But no spirit, sign or token</p>
+<p class="line">Came from out the vista fair,</p>
+<p class="line">Nothing saw, nor nothing heard he,</p>
+<p class="line">Save the earth and scenery fair.</p>
+<p class="line">As he stood and gazed in silence,</p>
+<p class="line">Motionless and calm as death,</p>
+<p class="line">Stillness reigned on hill and valley</p>
+<p class="line">And the chieftain held his breath,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">While he strained his ears and vision,</p>
+<p class="line">Listening, looking here and there,</p>
+<p class="line">Waiting, watching, simply trusting</p>
+<p class="line">For an answer to his prayer.</p>
+<p class="line">Suddenly he heard the calling</p>
+<p class="line">Of a voice so sweet and clear,</p>
+<p class="line">That he answered, quickly answered,</p>
+<p class="line">Though his heart was filled with fear.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">And the voice from out the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">Called as calls the mating bird,</p>
+<p class="line">In the bower in the springtime,</p>
+<p class="line">Sweetest call that e&rsquo;er was heard,</p>
+<p class="line">Resonant comes, softly trilling,</p>
+<p class="line">Sweetly to its lingering mate,</p>
+<p class="line">In the silence of the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">As they for each other wait.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb122" href="#pb122" name=
+"pb122">122</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then the chieftain bounded forward,</p>
+<p class="line">Like a hound upon the trail,</p>
+<p class="line">Thru the forest land primeval</p>
+<p class="line">Over mound and hill and dale;</p>
+<p class="line">Over ridge and rock and river,</p>
+<p class="line">Thru the heath and brush and grass,</p>
+<p class="line">Thru the land of the Uktena,</p>
+<p class="line">Thru it all he had to pass.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Till he reached the mystic region,</p>
+<p class="line">Far back in the darkest glen,</p>
+<p class="line">Near the lake of the enchanted</p>
+<p class="line">Only known to bravest men.</p>
+<p class="line">Here the bear and owl and panther,</p>
+<p class="line">Find a cure for every ill,</p>
+<p class="line">Find life&rsquo;s sweetest panacea,</p>
+<p class="line">Near the sparkling crystal rill,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">High upon the Smoky Mountains</p>
+<p class="line">Resonant with Nature wild,</p>
+<p class="line">For the wanderer from the distance,</p>
+<p class="line">And the tawny Indian child.</p>
+<p class="line">This the forest land primeval,</p>
+<p class="line">Full of awe and dread and dreams,</p>
+<p class="line">Full of ghouls and ghosts and goblins,</p>
+<p class="line">Full of rippling crystal streams.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb123" href="#pb123" name=
+"pb123">123</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">From the stream down in the ravine,</p>
+<p class="line">Came another gentle call,</p>
+<p class="line">Like the chirping of the robin,</p>
+<p class="line">In the hemlocks straight and tall.</p>
+<p class="line">Once again the call repeated,</p>
+<p class="line">Then a sudden little trill</p>
+<p class="line">Floated out upon the breezes,</p>
+<p class="line">From beside the crystal rill.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then the chieftain whistled keenly</p>
+<p class="line">Like a hawk upon the wing,</p>
+<p class="line">When it soars above the mountain,</p>
+<p class="line">On the balmy air of spring.</p>
+<p class="line">Then another chirping, chirping,</p>
+<p class="line">Came from deep down in the vale,</p>
+<p class="line">And it floated up the mountain</p>
+<p class="line">Like a leaf upon the gale.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Now the chieftain, moved by caution,</p>
+<p class="line">Watched and moved with greatest care,</p>
+<p class="line">Down and thru the deepest gulches,</p>
+<p class="line">Looking here, observing there,</p>
+<p class="line">For the bird or beast or human,</p>
+<p class="line">That could send out such a call,</p>
+<p class="line">From the laurel near the fountain</p>
+<p class="line">And a splendid waterfall.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb124" href="#pb124" name=
+"pb124">124</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Suddenly his heart beat faster,</p>
+<p class="line">At the sight which came to view,</p>
+<p class="line">Through the opening in the laurel</p>
+<p class="line">As it parts to let him thru.</p>
+<p class="line">She was bathing feet and ankles,</p>
+<p class="line">Arms and hands she did refresh</p>
+<p class="line">In the iridescent splendor,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the fountain cool and fresh.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then he bounds forth quick to greet her,</p>
+<p class="line">E&rsquo;er she sees him by her side,</p>
+<p class="line">She the maiden true and holy,</p>
+<p class="line">Who was soon to be his bride.</p>
+<p class="line">&ldquo;O, I see you, Occoneechee!&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="line">&ldquo;And I see you, Whippoorwill!&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="line">Were the greetings that they whispered</p>
+<p class="line">As they met there near the rill.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">They were married in the morning,</p>
+<p class="line">He the groom and she the bride,</p>
+<p class="line">And they lived in bliss together,</p>
+<p class="line">Many years before they died;</p>
+<p class="line">Now their spirits dwell together,</p>
+<p class="line">Near the hidden mystic shore,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the lake back in the shadows</p>
+<p class="line">Since their wanderings are o&rsquo;er.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb125" href="#pb125" name=
+"pb125">125</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">And at night the legends tell us,</p>
+<p class="line">You can hear a man and bride</p>
+<p class="line">Hold converse of trail and travel,</p>
+<p class="line">High upon the mountainside;</p>
+<p class="line">And the soul of Occoneechee,</p>
+<p class="line">Lingers near the rippling rill,</p>
+<p class="line">High upon the Smoky Mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">With her lover Whippoorwill.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb127" href="#pb127" name=
+"pb127">127</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="footnotes">
+<hr class="fnsep">
+<div class="footnote-body">
+<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd23e5844" href="#xd23e5844src" name="xd23e5844">1</a></span> Colonel
+Thomas.&nbsp;<a class="fnarrow" href="#xd23e5844src">&uarr;</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="pt3" class="div0 part">
+<h2 class="main">PART III</h2>
+<h2 class="main">MYTHS OF THE CHEROKEE</h2>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb129" href="#pb129" name=
+"pb129">129</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="div1 poem"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h2 class="main">MYTHS OF THE CHEROKEE</h2>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;I know not how the truth may be,</p>
+<p class="line">I tell the tale as &rsquo;twas told me.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">The myths related here are from the great story
+tellers like Ayunini, or &ldquo;Swimmer,&rdquo; who was the greatest of
+all, but while he ranked first and lived during the time that tried
+men&rsquo;s hearts, having been born about 1835, and died in March,
+1899, his stories can only be perpetuated by putting them in print, and
+we are indebted to him for many of these beautiful stories, which
+should be perpetuated at least so long as one of the Cherokee tribe
+shall live.</p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="table">
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft cellTop">
+<div class="figure xd23e6316width" id="p129-1"><img src=
+"images/p129-1.jpg" alt="Sequoya." width="291" height="508">
+<p class="figureHead">Sequoya.</p>
+<p class="par first">Inventor of the Cherokee Alphabet.</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+<td class="cellRight cellTop">
+<div class="figure xd23e6323width" id="p129-2"><img src=
+"images/p129-2.jpg" alt="John Ax (Itagu-nuhi)." width="358" height=
+"646">
+<p class="figureHead">John Ax (Itagu-nuhi)<span class="corr" id=
+"xd23e6326" title="Not in source">.</span></p>
+<p class="par first">The great story teller.</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2" class="cellLeft cellRight cellBottom">
+<div class="figure xd23e6333width" id="p129-3"><img src=
+"images/p129-3.jpg" alt="Everglades of Florida." width="645" height=
+"417">
+<p class="figureHead">Everglades of Florida.</p>
+<p class="par first">Home of the Seminoles.</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par">Next in rank of importance comes Itagunahi, better known
+among the English-speaking people as John Axe, who was born in the year
+1800, saw the battle of Horseshoe Bend, witnessed the removal of the
+Cherokee tribe in 1838. He knew its history and almost all of the
+myths, legends and stories, transmitted many of them to the white man
+for record, and while he never spoke English, he was a very versatile
+and interesting man of the old type of Indians, and strong to the last
+days; he lived to near 100 years, then passed to the Happy Hunting
+Grounds.</p>
+<p class="par">To John D. Wofford, of the Western Reservation or tribe,
+we are indebted for much information, which would have been lost except
+for his wonderful knowledge.</p>
+<p class="par">All the story-tellers prefaced their remarks by saying,
+&ldquo;This is what the old folks used to tell us when we were
+boys.&rdquo; <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb130" href="#pb130" name=
+"pb130">130</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Cherokee myths may be classified as sacred myths, animal
+stories, local legends, and historical traditions. The sacred myths
+were not for every one, but only those might hear who observed the
+proper form and ceremony.</p>
+<p class="par">In the old times the myth-keepers and priests were
+accustomed to meet together at night in the asi, or low-built log
+sleeping house, to recite the traditions and discuss their secret
+knowledge. At times those who desired instruction from an adept in the
+sacred lore of the tribe would meet the priest by appointment in the
+asi, where they sat up all night talking, with only the light of a
+small fire burning in the middle of the floor. At daybreak the whole
+party went down to the running stream, where the pupils or hearers of
+the myths stripped themselves and were scratched upon the naked skin
+with a bone tooth comb in the hands of the priest, after which they
+waded out, facing the rising sun, and dipped seven times under the
+water, while the priest recited prayers upon the bank. The purificatory
+rite, which was observed more than a century ago by Adair, is also a
+part of the ceremonial of the ball play, the green-corn dance, and, in
+fact, every important ritual performance. Before beginning one of the
+stories of the sacred class the informant would sometimes suggest
+jokingly that the author first submit to being scratched and, &ldquo;Go
+to water.&rdquo; <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb131" href="#pb131"
+name="pb131">131</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH ONE.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>How the World Was Made.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">The earth is a great island floating in a sea of
+water, and suspended at each of the four cardinal points by a cord
+hanging down from the sky vault, which is of solid rock. When the world
+grows old and worn out, the people will die and the cords will break,
+and let the earth sink down into the ocean, and all will be water
+again. The Indians are afraid of this.</p>
+<p class="par">When all was water, the animals were above the
+Galunlati, beyond the arch; but it was very much crowded, and they were
+wanting more room. They wondered what was below the water, and at last
+Dayunisi, &ldquo;Beaver&rsquo;s Grandchild,&rdquo; the little
+Water-beetle, offered to go and see if it could learn. It darted in
+every direction over the surface of the water, but could find no firm
+place to rest.</p>
+<p class="par">Then it dived to the bottom and came up with some soft
+mud, which began to grow and spread in every direction until it became
+an island which we call the earth. It was afterwards fastened to the
+sky, but no one remembers who did it.</p>
+<p class="par">At first the earth was flat, and very soft and wet. The
+animals were anxious to get down, and sent out different birds to see
+if it was yet dry, but they found no place to alight and came back
+again to Galunlati. At last it seemed to be time, and they sent out the
+Buzzard and told him to go and make ready for them.</p>
+<p class="par">This was the Great Buzzard, the father of all the
+buzzards we see now. He flew all over the earth, low down, near the
+ground, and it was still soft. When he reached the Cherokee country, he
+was very tired, and his wings began to flap and strike the ground, and
+wherever they <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb132" href="#pb132" name=
+"pb132">132</a>]</span>struck the earth there was a valley, and where
+they turned up again, there was a mountain. When the animals above saw
+this, they were afraid the whole earth would be mountains, so they
+called him back, but the Cherokee country remains full of mountains to
+this day.</p>
+<p class="par">When the earth was dry and the animals came down, it was
+still dark, so they got the sun and set it in a track to go every day
+across the island from east to west, just overhead. It was too hot this
+way, and Tsiskagili, the Red Crawfish, had his shell scorched red, so
+that his meat was spoiled; and the Cherokee do not eat it. The
+conjurers put the sun another hand-breadth higher in the air, but it
+was still too hot.</p>
+<p class="par">They raised it another time, and another, until it was
+seven hand-breadths high, and just under the sky arch. Then it was
+right, and they left it so. This is why the conjurers call the highest
+place <span class="corr" id="xd23e6374" title=
+"Not in source">&ldquo;</span>Gulkwagine Digalunlatiyun,&rdquo;
+&ldquo;the seven height,&rdquo; because it is seven hand-breadths above
+the earth. Every day the sun goes along under this arch, and returns at
+night on the upper side to the starting place.</p>
+<p class="par">There is another world under this, and it is like ours
+in everything&mdash;animals, plants, and people&mdash;save that the
+seasons are different. The streams that come down from the mountains
+are the trails by which the people reach the underworld, and the
+springs at their heads are the doorways by which they enter it, but to
+do this one must fast and go to water and have one of the underground
+people for a guide. We know that the seasons in the underground are
+different from ours, because the water in the springs is warmer in the
+winter and cooler in the summer than the outer air.</p>
+<p class="par">When the animals and the plants were first made&mdash;we
+do not know by whom&mdash;they were told to watch and <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb133" href="#pb133" name="pb133">133</a>]</span>keep
+awake for seven nights, just as young men now fast and keep awake when
+they pray to their medicine. They tried to do this, and nearly all were
+awake through the first night, but the next night several dropped off
+to sleep, and the third night others were asleep, and then others,
+until, on the seventh night, of all the animals, only the owl, the
+panther and one or two more were still awake.</p>
+<p class="par">To these were given the power to see and to go about in
+the dark, and to make prey of the birds and animals which must sleep at
+night. Of the trees, only the cedar, the pine, the spruce, the holly
+and the laurel were awake to the end, and to them it was given to be
+always green and to be greatest for medicine, but to the others it was
+said: &ldquo;Because you have not endured to the end you shall lose
+your hair every winter.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Men came after the animals and plants. At first there
+were only a brother and sister until he struck her with a fish and told
+her to multiply, and so it was. In seven days a child was born to her,
+and thereafter every seven days another, and they increased very fast
+until there was danger that the world could not keep them. Then it was
+made that a woman should have only one child in a year, and it has been
+so ever since.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH TWO.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The First Fire.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">In the beginning there was no fire, and the world
+was cold, until the Thunders (Ani-Hyuntikwalaski) who lived up in
+Galunlati, sent their lightning and put fire into the bottom of a
+hollow sycamore tree, which grew <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb134"
+href="#pb134" name="pb134">134</a>]</span>on an island. The animals
+knew it was there, because they could see the smoke coming out at the
+top, but they could not get to it on account of the water, so they held
+a council to decide what to do. This was a long time ago.</p>
+<p class="par">Every animal that could fly or swim was anxious to go
+after the fire. The Raven offered, and because he was so large and
+strong they thought he could surely do the work, so he was sent first.
+He flew high and far across the water and alighted on the sycamore
+tree, but while he was wondering what to do next, the heat had scorched
+all his feathers black, and he was frightened and came back without the
+fire.</p>
+<p class="par">The little Screech-owl (Wahuhu) volunteered to go, and
+reached the place safely, but while he was looking down in the hollow
+tree a blast of hot air came up and nearly burned out his eyes. He
+managed to fly home as best he could, but it was a long time before he
+could see well, and his eyes are red to this day.</p>
+<p class="par">Then the Hooting Owl (Uguku) and the Horned Owl (Tskili)
+went, but by the time they got to the hollow tree the fire was burning
+so fiercely that the smoke nearly blinded them, and the ashes carried
+up by the wind made white rings about their eyes. They had to come home
+again without the fire, but with all of their rubbing they were never
+able to get rid of the white rings.</p>
+<p class="par">Now, no more of the birds would venture, and so the
+little Uksuhi snake, the Black Racer, said he would go through the
+water and bring back some fire. He swam across to the island and
+crawled through the grass to the tree, and went in by a small hole at
+the bottom. The heat and smoke were too much for him, too, and after
+dodging about blindly over the hot ashes until he was almost on fire
+himself he managed by good luck to get out again at the same hole, but
+his body had scorched <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb135" href=
+"#pb135" name="pb135">135</a>]</span>black, and he has ever since had
+the habit of darting and doubling on his track as if trying to escape
+from close quarters.</p>
+<p class="par">He came back, and the great Blacksnake, Gulegi,
+&ldquo;The Climber,&rdquo; offered to go for the fire. He swam over to
+the island and climbed up the tree on the outside, as the blacksnake
+always does, but when he put his head down into the hole the smoke
+choked him so that he fell into the burning stump, and before he could
+climb out again he was as black as the Uksuhi.</p>
+<p class="par">Now, they held another council, for still there was no
+fire, and the world was cold, but the birds, snakes and four-footed
+animals all had some excuse for not going, because they were all afraid
+to venture near the burning sycamore, until at last Kananeski Amaiyehi
+(the Water Spider) said she would go. This is not the water spider that
+looks like a mosquito, but the other one, with black downy hair and red
+stripes on her body. She can run on the water or dive to the bottom, so
+there would be no trouble to get over to the island, but the question
+was, how could she bring back the fire?</p>
+<p class="par">&ldquo;I&rsquo;ll manage that,&rdquo; said the spider,
+so she spun a thread from her body and wove it into a tusti bowl, which
+she fastened on her back. Then she crossed over to the island and
+through the grass to where the fire was still burning. She put one
+little coal of fire into her bowl, and came back with it, and ever
+since we have had fire, and the spider still keeps her tusti bowl.
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb136" href="#pb136" name=
+"pb136">136</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH THREE.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>Origin of the Pleiades and the Pine.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">Long ago, when the world was new, there were seven
+boys who used to spend all their time down by the town-house, playing
+the gatayusti game, rolling a stone wheel along the ground and sliding
+a curved stick after it to strike it. Their mothers scolded but it did
+no good, so one day they collected some gatayusti stones and boiled
+them in the pot with the corn for dinner.</p>
+<p class="par">When the boys came home hungry their mothers dipped out
+the stones and said, &ldquo;Since you like the gatayusti better than
+the cornfield, take the stones now for your dinner.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">The boys were very angry, and went down to the
+town-house, saying, &ldquo;As our mothers treat us this way, let us go
+where we shall never trouble them any more.&rdquo; They began a
+dance&mdash;some say it was the feather dance&mdash;and went round and
+round the town-house, praying to the spirits to help them. At last
+their mothers were afraid something was wrong and went out to look for
+them.</p>
+<p class="par">They saw the boys still dancing around the town-house,
+and as they watched they noticed that their feet were off the earth,
+and that with every round they rose higher and higher in the air.</p>
+<p class="par">They ran to get their children, but it was too late, for
+they were already above the roof of the town-house&mdash;all but one,
+whose mother managed to pull him down with the gatayusti pole, but he
+struck the ground with such force that he sank into it and the earth
+closed over him. The other six children circled higher and higher until
+they went up to the sky, where we see them now <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb137" href="#pb137" name="pb137">137</a>]</span>as
+the pleiades, which the Cherokee still calls
+&ldquo;Anitsutsa<span class="corr" id="xd23e6434" title=
+"Not in source">&rdquo;</span> (the Boys).</p>
+<p class="par">The people grieved long after them, but the mother whose
+boy had gone into the ground came every morning and evening to cry over
+the spot, until the earth was damp with her tears.</p>
+<p class="par">At last a little green shoot sprouted up and grew day by
+day until it became the tall tree that we now call the pine, and the
+pine is still of the same nature as the stars and holds in itself the
+same bright light.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH FOUR.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Milky Way.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">Some people in the South had a corn mill, in which
+they pounded the corn into meal, and several mornings when they came to
+fill it they noticed that some of the meal had been stolen during the
+night.</p>
+<p class="par">They examined the ground, and found the tracks of a dog;
+so the next night they watched, and when the dog came from the North,
+and began to eat the meal out of the bowl, they sprang out and whipped
+him. He ran off howling to his home in the North, with the meal
+dropping from his mouth as he ran, and leaving behind a white trail
+where now we see the Milky Way, which the Cherokee calls to this day
+Gili-utsunstanunyi, &ldquo;Where the dog ran.&rdquo; <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb138" href="#pb138" name="pb138">138</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH FIVE.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Deluge.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">A long time ago a man had a dog, which began to go
+down to the river every day and look at the water and howl. At last the
+man was very angry and scolded the dog, which then spoke to him and
+said: &ldquo;Very soon there is going to be a great freshet and the
+water will come so high that everybody will be drowned; but if you will
+make a raft to get upon when the rain comes, you can be saved, but you
+must first throw me into the water.&rdquo; The man did not believe it,
+and the dog said, &ldquo;If you want a sign that I speak the truth,
+look at the back of my neck.&rdquo; He looked and saw that the
+dog&rsquo;s neck had the skin worked off so that the bones stuck
+out.</p>
+<p class="par">Then he believed the dog, and began to build a raft.
+Soon the rain came and he took his family, with plenty of provisions,
+and they all got upon it. It rained for a long time, and the water rose
+until the mountains were covered and all the people in the world were
+drowned. Then the rain stopped and the water went down again, until at
+last it was safe to come off the raft.</p>
+<p class="par">Now, there was no one alive but the man and his family,
+but one day they heard a sound of dancing and shouting on the other
+side of the ridge. The man climbed to the top and looked over;
+everything was still, but all along the valley he saw great piles of
+bones of the people who had been drowned, and then he knew that the
+Ghosts had been dancing. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb139" href=
+"#pb139" name="pb139">139</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH SIX.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>How the Terrapin Beat the Rabbit.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">The Rabbit was a great runner and a great boaster
+of what she could do. No one thought that a Terrapin was anything but a
+slow traveler, but he was a great warrior and very boastful, and the
+two were always disputing about their speed. At last they agreed to
+decide the matter by a race.</p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e6474width" id="p139"><img src="images/p139.jpg"
+alt="Tuckaseigee River." width="466" height="720">
+<p class="figureHead">Tuckaseigee River.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;There the Tuckaseigee River</p>
+<p class="line">Dashes down its rocky bed.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par">They fixed the day and the starting place, and arranged
+to run across four mountain ridges, and the one who came in first at
+the end of the race was to be the winner.</p>
+<p class="par">The Rabbit felt so sure of it that he said to the
+Terrapin, &ldquo;You know you can&rsquo;t run. You know you can never
+win the race, so I&rsquo;ll give you the first ridge and then
+you&rsquo;ll have three to cross while I go over four.&rdquo; The
+Terrapin said that would be all right, but that night when he went home
+to his family he sent for his Terrapin friends and told them he wanted
+their help. He said he knew he could not outrun the Rabbit, but he
+wanted to stop the Rabbit&rsquo;s boasting. He explained his plan to
+his friends and they agreed to help him. When the day came all the
+animals were there to see the race. The Rabbit was there with them, but
+the Terrapin was gone ahead toward the first ridge, as they had
+arranged, and they could hardly see him on account of the tall
+grass.</p>
+<p class="par">The word was given and the Rabbit <span class="corr" id=
+"xd23e6493" title="Not in source">ran</span> off with long jumps up the
+mountain, expecting to win the race before the Terrapin could get down
+on the other side. But before he got up the mountain he saw the
+Terrapin go over the ridge ahead of him. He ran on, and when he reached
+the top he looked all around, but could not see the Terrapin on account
+of the long grass. He kept on <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb140"
+href="#pb140" name="pb140">140</a>]</span>down the mountain and began
+to climb the second ridge, but when he looked up again there was the
+Terrapin just going over the top.</p>
+<p class="par">Now he was very much surprised, and made his longest
+jumps to catch up, but when he got to the top there was the Terrapin
+away in front going over the third ridge. The Rabbit was getting tired
+now and nearly out of breath, but he kept on down the mountain and up
+the other ridge until he got to the top just in time to see the
+Terrapin cross the fourth ridge and thus win the race. The Rabbit could
+not make another jump, but fell over on the ground, crying, &ldquo;mi,
+mi, mi, mi,&rdquo; as the Rabbit does ever since when he is too tired
+to run any more.</p>
+<p class="par">The race was given to the Terrapin, and all the animals
+wondered how he could win against the Rabbit, but he kept still and
+never told. It was easy enough, however, because all the
+Terrapin&rsquo;s friends look just alike, and he had simply posted one
+near the top of each ridge to wait until the Rabbit came in sight and
+then climb over and hide in the long grass.</p>
+<p class="par">When the Rabbit came on he could not find the Terrapin
+and so thought the Terrapin was ahead, and if he had met one of the
+other Terrapins he would have thought it the same one, because they
+look so much alike. The real Terrapin had posted himself on the fourth
+ridge, so as to come in at the end of the race and be ready to answer
+questions if the animals suspected anything.</p>
+<p class="par">Because the Rabbit had to lie down and lose the race the
+conjurer now, when preparing his young men for the ball play, boils a
+lot of rabbit hamstrings into soup, and sends some one to pour it
+across the path along which the other players have to come in the
+morning, so that they may become tired in the same way and lose the
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb141" href="#pb141" name=
+"pb141">141</a>]</span>game. It is not always easy to do this, because
+the other party is expecting it and has watchers ahead to prevent
+it.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH SEVEN.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Rabbit and the Tar Wolf.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">Once there was such a long spell of dry weather
+that there was no more water in the creeks and springs, and the animals
+held a council to see what to do about it. They decided to dig a well,
+and all agreed to help except the Rabbit, who was a lazy fellow, and
+said, &ldquo;I don&rsquo;t need to dig for water. The dew on the grass
+is enough for me.&rdquo; The others did not like this, but they went to
+work together and dug the well.</p>
+<p class="par">They noticed by and by that the Rabbit kept sleek and
+lively, although it was still dry weather and the water was getting low
+in the well. They said, &ldquo;That tricky Rabbit steals our water at
+night,&rdquo; so they made a wolf of pine gum and tar and set it up by
+the well to scare the thief. That night the Rabbit came, as he had been
+coming every night, to drink enough to last him all next day. He saw
+the queer black thing by the well and said, &ldquo;Who&rsquo;s
+there?&rdquo; but the tar wolf said nothing.</p>
+<p class="par">He came nearer, but the wolf never moved, so he grew
+braver and said, &ldquo;Get out of my way or I will kick you.&rdquo;
+Still the wolf never moved and the Rabbit came up and struck it with
+its front foot, but the tar held it fast. Now he was angry and said:
+&ldquo;Turn my foot loose, or I will strike you with my other front
+foot&rdquo;; still the wolf said nothing. Then the Rabbit struck the
+wolf with his other foot, and it stuck, and the Rabbit said,
+&ldquo;Turn my <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb142" href="#pb142" name=
+"pb142">142</a>]</span>foot loose or I will kick you,&rdquo; and still
+the wolf was silent, and then the rabbit kicked with his right hind
+foot so hard that it stuck, and still the wolf said nothing; and the
+Rabbit said, &ldquo;If you don&rsquo;t turn my foot loose, I will kick
+you with my left hind foot, which never fails to accomplish what I want
+it to do&rdquo;; yet the wolf was silent, and the Rabbit made his last
+kick and the foot stuck, just as the others had done.</p>
+<p class="par">The Rabbit plead with the wolf to let him go, and yet no
+response came, and, at last, when he found he was stuck fast with his
+feet, he said: &ldquo;If you don&rsquo;t turn me loose I will butt you
+with all my might,&rdquo; and in his desperation, he struck with all
+his force, and his head stuck fast to the wolf.</p>
+<p class="par">In the morning all the animals came down to the well to
+drink as usual, and found the Rabbit stuck fast to the wolf of tar, and
+they began to discuss what disposition to make of him, so one suggested
+that they cut his head off, to which the Rabbit replied, &ldquo;Please
+do cut my head off, for it is such an easy death to die,&rdquo; but
+this aroused the suspicion of the animals, so that the fox said,
+&ldquo;No, we will not do this for he deserves a harsher death than
+this,&rdquo; whereupon they all agreed. Then the Wolf suggested that
+they burn him alive, to which the Rabbit said, &ldquo;Please Mr. Wolf,
+have me burned, for that will be so easy,&rdquo; but this did not
+please the audience, and another suggested that they take him to the
+briar patch, and throw him into the thickest part of the sharp briars
+to scratch him to pieces, to which the Rabbit said, &ldquo;Oh, Mr. Fox,
+please do not allow me to be thrown into the briars for they stick and
+scratch me so much that I could never stand the pain&rdquo;; and they
+all with one accord exclaimed, &ldquo;Throw him in,&rdquo; and they
+threw him into the briars, and the Rabbit sped away as fast as he
+could, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb143" href="#pb143" name=
+"pb143">143</a>]</span>saying, &ldquo;This is where I was reared, this
+is my home, and this is all that I could desire.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH EIGHT.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Rabbit and the Possum After a Wife.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">The Rabbit and the Possum each wanted a wife, but
+no one would marry either of them. They talked the matter over and the
+Rabbit said, &ldquo;We can&rsquo;t get wives here; let&rsquo;s go to
+the next settlement. I&rsquo;m the messenger for the council, and
+I&rsquo;ll tell the people that I bring an order that everybody must
+take a mate at once, and then we&rsquo;ll be sure to get
+wives.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">The Possum thought this a fine plan, so they started off
+together to the next town. As the Rabbit traveled faster he got there
+first and waited outside until the people noticed him and took him into
+the town-house. When the chief came to ask him his business the Rabbit
+said he brought an important message from the council that everybody
+must get married without delay. So the chief called the people together
+and told them the message from the council, whereupon every animal took
+a mate at once, and the Rabbit got a wife.</p>
+<p class="par">The Possum traveled so slowly that he got there after
+all the animals had mated, leaving him still without a wife.</p>
+<p class="par">The Rabbit pretended to feel sorry for him and said,
+&ldquo;Never mind, I&rsquo;ll carry the message to the people in the
+next settlement, and you hurry on as fast as you can, and this time you
+will get your wife.&rdquo; So he went on to the next town, and the
+Possum followed close after <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb144" href=
+"#pb144" name="pb144">144</a>]</span>him. But when the Rabbit got to
+the town-house, he sent out the word that, as there had been peace so
+long there that everybody was getting lazy, the council had ordered
+that there must be war at once, and they must begin right in the
+town-house. So they all began fighting, but the Rabbit made four great
+leaps and got away just as the Possum came in. Everybody jumped on the
+Possum, who had not thought of bringing his weapons on a wedding trip,
+and so could not defend himself. They had nearly beaten the life out of
+him when he fell over and pretended to be dead until he saw a good
+chance to jump up and get away. The Possum never got a wife, but he
+remembers the lesson, and ever since he shuts his eyes and pretends to
+be dead when the hunter has him in a close place.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH NINE.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>How the Turkey Got His Beard.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">When the Terrapin won the race from the Rabbit
+(see Myth Six) all the animals wondered and talked about it a great
+deal, because they had always thought the Terrapin slow, although they
+knew that he was a warrior and had many conjuring secrets besides.</p>
+<p class="par">But the Turkey was not satisfied, and told the others
+that there must be some trick about it. Said he, &ldquo;I know the
+Terrapin can&rsquo;t run&mdash;he can hardly crawl&mdash;and I&rsquo;m
+going to try him.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">So one day the Turkey met the Terrapin coming home from
+war with a fresh scalp hanging from his neck and dragging on the ground
+as he traveled. The Turkey <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb145" href=
+"#pb145" name="pb145">145</a>]</span>laughed at the sight and said:
+&ldquo;That scalp don&rsquo;t look right on you. Your neck is too short
+and low down to wear it that way. Let me show you.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">The Terrapin agreed and gave the scalp to the Turkey,
+who fastened it around his neck. &ldquo;Now,&rdquo; said the Turkey,
+&ldquo;I&rsquo;ll walk a little way and you can see how it
+looks.&rdquo; So he walked ahead a short distance and then turned and
+asked the Terrapin how he liked it. Said the Terrapin, &ldquo;It looks
+very nice; it becomes you.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">&ldquo;Now, I&rsquo;ll fix it in a different way and let
+you see how it looks,&rdquo; said the Turkey. So he gave the string
+another pull and walked ahead again. &ldquo;Oh, that looks very
+nice,&rdquo; said the Terrapin. But the Turkey kept on walking, and the
+Terrapin called to him to bring back the scalp, but he only walked the
+faster and broke into a run.</p>
+<p class="par">Then the Terrapin got out his bow and by his conjuring
+art shot a number of cane splits into the Turkey&rsquo;s legs, to
+cripple him so he could not run, which accounts for all the many bones
+in the Turkey&rsquo;s legs, that are of no use whatever; but the
+Terrapin never caught the Turkey, who still wears the scalp from his
+neck.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH TEN.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>Why the Turkey Gobbles.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">A long time ago the Grouse had a fine voice and a
+good halloo in the ball play. All the animals and birds used to play
+ball in those days and were just as proud of a loud halloo as the ball
+players of today. The Turkey had a poor voice, so he asked the Grouse
+to give him <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb146" href="#pb146" name=
+"pb146">146</a>]</span>lessons. The Grouse agreed to teach him, but
+wanted pay for his trouble, and the Turkey promised to give him some
+feathers to make him a collar. This is how the Grouse got his collar of
+turkey feathers. They began the lessons, and the Turkey learned very
+fast until the Grouse thought it was time for the Turkey to try his
+voice. &ldquo;Now,&rdquo; said the Grouse, &ldquo;I&rsquo;ll stand on
+this hollow log, and when I give the signal by tapping on it, you must
+halloo as loudly as you can.&rdquo; So he got upon the log ready to tap
+on it, as a Grouse does, but when he gave the signal the Turkey was so
+eager and excited that he could not raise his voice for a shout, but
+only gobbled, and ever since then he gobbles whenever he hears a
+noise.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH ELEVEN.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>How the Kingfisher Got His Bill.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">Some old men tell us that the Kingfisher was meant
+in the beginning to be a water bird, but as he had not been given
+either web feet or a good bill he could not make a living.</p>
+<p class="par">The animals held a council over it and decided to make
+him a bill like a long sharp awl for a fish-gig or spear.</p>
+<p class="par">They made him a fish-gig and fastened it on in front of
+his mouth. Me flew to the top of a tree, sailed out and darted down
+into the water, and came up with a fish on his gig; and he has been the
+best gigger ever since.</p>
+<p class="par">Others say it was this way: A Blacksnake found a
+yellow-hammer&rsquo;s nest in a hollow tree, and after swallowing
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb147" href="#pb147" name=
+"pb147">147</a>]</span>the young birds, coiled up in the nest to sleep,
+and when the mother bird found him there, she went for help to the
+Little People, who sent her to the Kingfisher. He came, and after
+flying back and forth past the hole a few times, made one dart at the
+snake and pulled him out dead.</p>
+<p class="par">When they looked they found a hole in the snake&rsquo;s
+head where the Kingfisher had pierced it with a slender tugaluna fish,
+which he carried in his bill like a lance. From this the Little People
+concluded that he would make a first-class gigger if he only had the
+right spear, so they gave him his long bill as a reward, and he has
+ever since been known among all the fowls and animals as the best
+fisherman among them.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH TWELVE.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>How the Partridge Got His Whistle.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">In the old days, when the world was new, the
+Terrapin had a fine whistle, but the Partridge had none. The Terrapin
+was constantly going about whistling and showing his whistle to the
+other animals, until the Partridge became jealous, so one day when they
+met, the Partridge asked leave of the Terrapin to try the whistle.</p>
+<p class="par">The Terrapin was afraid to risk it at first, suspecting
+some trick, but the Partridge said, &ldquo;I&rsquo;ll give it back
+right away, and if you are afraid you can stay with me while I
+practice.&rdquo; So the Terrapin let him have the whistle and the
+Partridge walked around blowing on it in fine fashion. &ldquo;How does
+it sound with me?&rdquo; asked the Partridge. &ldquo;O, you do very
+well,&rdquo; said the Terrapin, walking <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb148" href="#pb148" name="pb148">148</a>]</span>alongside.
+&ldquo;Now, how do you like it,&rdquo; said the Partridge, running
+ahead and whistling a little faster. &ldquo;That&rsquo;s fine,&rdquo;
+answered the Terrapin, hurrying to keep up, &ldquo;but don&rsquo;t run
+so fast.&rdquo; &ldquo;And now how do you like this?&rdquo; called the
+Partridge, and with that he spread his wings, gave one long whistle,
+and flew to the top of a tree, leaving the poor Terrapin to look after
+him from the ground.</p>
+<p class="par">The Terrapin never recovered his whistle, and from that
+and the loss of his scalp, which was stolen from him by the Turkey, he
+grew ashamed to be seen, and ever since then he shuts himself up in his
+box when anyone comes near him.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTEEN.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>How the Red Bird Got His Color.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">A Raccoon passing a Wolf one day made several
+insulting remarks, until at last the Wolf became angry and turned and
+chased him. The Raccoon ran his best, and managed to reach a tree by
+the river side before the Wolf came up. He climbed the tree and
+stretched out on a limb overhanging the water. When the Wolf arrived,
+he saw the reflection in the water, and, thinking it was the Raccoon,
+jumped at it and was nearly drowned before he could scramble out again,
+all wet and dripping. He lay down on the bank to dry and fell asleep,
+and while he was sleeping the Raccoon came down the tree and got some
+blue-pipe clay and plastered his eyes so that he could not open them
+and he began to howl and make a whining noise. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb149" href="#pb149" name="pb149">149</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">A little brown bird came along and hearing the Wolf
+crying, asked what was the matter. The Wolf told his story and said:
+&ldquo;If you will get my eyes open, I will show you where to get some
+nice red paint to paint yourself.&rdquo; &ldquo;All right,&rdquo; said
+the brown bird; so he began to peck at the mud and soon got his eyes
+open. Then the Wolf took him to a rock that had streaks of bright red
+paint running through it, and the little bird painted himself with it,
+and has ever since been known as the Red-bird.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH FOURTEEN.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Pheasant Beating Corn, the Origin of the
+Pheasant Dance.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">The Pheasant once saw a woman beating corn in a
+wooden mortar in front of the house. &ldquo;I can do that, too,&rdquo;
+said he, but the woman would not believe it, so the Pheasant went into
+the woods and got upon a hollow log and &ldquo;drummed&rdquo; with his
+wings, as a Pheasant does, until the people in the house heard him and
+thought he was really beating corn.</p>
+<p class="par">In the Pheasant dance, a part of the Green-Corn dance,
+the instrument used is a drum, and the dancers beat the ground with
+their feet in imitation of the drumming sound made by the Pheasant.</p>
+<p class="par">They form two concentric circles, the men beginning on
+the inside, facing the women in the outer circle; each in turn
+advancing and retreating at the signal of the drummer, who sits at one
+side and sings the Pheasant songs. According to the story, there was
+once a winter famine among the birds and animals. No mast could
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb150" href="#pb150" name=
+"pb150">150</a>]</span>be found in the woods, and they were near
+starvation when a Pheasant discovered a holly tree, loaded with red
+berries, which the Pheasant is very fond of. He called his companions,
+and they formed a circle about the tree, singing, dancing and drumming
+with their wings in token of their joy, and thus originated the
+Pheasant dance.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH FIFTEEN.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Race Between the Crane and the
+Humming-Bird.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">The Humming-Bird and the Crane were both in love
+with a pretty woman. She <span class="corr" id="xd23e6640" title=
+"Source: perferred">preferred</span> the Humming-bird, who was as
+handsome as the Crane was awkward, but the Crane was so persistent that
+in order to get rid of him she finally told him he must challenge the
+other to a race and she would marry the winner. The Humming-bird was so
+swift&mdash;almost like a flash of lightning&mdash;and the Crane so
+slow and heavy, that she felt sure that the Humming-bird would win. She
+did not know that the Crane could fly all night.</p>
+<p class="par">They agreed to start from her house and fly around the
+circle of the world to the beginning, and the one who came in first
+would marry the woman. At the word the Humming-bird darted off like an
+arrow and was out of sight in a moment, leaving his rival to follow
+heavily behind. He flew all day, and when evening came and he stopped
+to roost for the night he was far ahead. But the Crane flew steadily
+all night, passing the humming-bird soon after midnight, and going on
+until he came to a creek and stopped to rest about daybreak.
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb151" href="#pb151" name=
+"pb151">151</a>]</span>The Humming-bird woke up in the morning and flew
+on again, thinking how easily he would win the race, until he reached
+the creek, and there found the Crane spearing tadpoles, with his long
+bill, for breakfast.</p>
+<p class="par">He was very much surprised and wondered how this could
+have happened, but he flew swiftly by and soon left the Crane out of
+sight again. The Crane finished his breakfast and started on, and when
+evening came he kept on as before.</p>
+<p class="par">This time it was hardly midnight when he passed the
+Humming-bird asleep on a limb, and in the morning he had finished his
+breakfast before the other came up. The next day he gained a little
+more, and on the fourth day he was spearing tadpoles for dinner when
+the Humming-bird passed him. On the fifth and sixth days it was late in
+the afternoon before the Humming-bird came up, and, on the morning of
+the seventh day the Crane was a whole night&rsquo;s travel ahead.</p>
+<p class="par">He took his time at breakfast and then fixed himself up
+as nicely as he could at the creek and came in at the starting place
+where the woman lived, early in the morning.</p>
+<p class="par">When the Humming-bird arrived in the afternoon he found
+that he had lost the race, but the woman declared she would never have
+such an ugly fellow for a husband as the Crane.</p>
+<p class="par">Moral. Beware of fine feathers. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb152" href="#pb152" name="pb152">152</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div1 poem"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h2 class="main"><i>SNAKE, FISH AND INSECT MYTHS.</i></h2>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH SIXTEEN.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Snake Tribe.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">The generic name for snake is inadu. They are all
+regarded as inaduwehi, &ldquo;supernaturals,&rdquo; having an intimate
+connection with the rain and the thunder gods, and possessing a certain
+influence over the other animals and plant tribes. It is said that the
+snakes, the deer, and the ginseng act as allies, so that an injury to
+one is avenged by the others. The feeling toward snakes is one mingled
+with fear and reverence, and every precaution is taken to avoid the
+killing or offending one, especially the rattlesnake. He who kills a
+snake will soon see others; and should he kill a second one, so many
+will come around him, whichever way he may turn, that he will become
+dazed at the sight of their glistening eyes and darting tongues, and
+will go wandering about like a crazy man, unable to find his way out of
+the woods.</p>
+<p class="par">To guard against this misfortune there are certain
+prayers which the initiated say in order that a snake may not cross
+their path, and on meeting the first one of the season the hunter
+humbly begs of him, &ldquo;Let us not see each other this
+summer.&rdquo; Certain smells, as that of the wild parsnip, and certain
+songs, as those of the Unikawi or town-house dance, are offensive to
+the snakes and make them angry. For this reason the Unikawi dance is
+held only late in the fall, after they have retired to their dens for
+the winter. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb153" href="#pb153" name=
+"pb153">153</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">When one dreams of being bitten by a snake he must be
+treated the same as for the actual bite, because it is the snake ghost
+that has bitten him; otherwise the place will swell and ulcerate in the
+same way, even though it be years afterwards. For fear of offending
+them, even in speaking, it is never said that a man has been bitten by
+a snake, but only that he has been &ldquo;scratched by a briar.&rdquo;
+Most of the beliefs and customs in this connection have more special
+reference to the rattlesnake.</p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="table">
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft cellTop">
+<div class="figure xd23e6679width" id="p153-1"><img src=
+"images/p153-1.jpg" alt="Kanuga Lake and Pinnacle." width="333" height=
+"510">
+<p class="figureHead">Kanuga Lake and Pinnacle.</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+<td class="cellRight cellTop">
+<div class="figure xd23e6684width" id="p153-2"><img src=
+"images/p153-2.jpg" alt="Lake Fairfield." width="333" height="512">
+<p class="figureHead">Lake Fairfield.</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft cellBottom">
+<div class="figure xd23e6690width" id="p153-3"><img src=
+"images/p153-3.jpg" alt="Kanuga Lake, Hendersonville." width="333"
+height="514">
+<p class="figureHead">Kanuga Lake, Hendersonville.</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+<td class="cellRight cellBottom">
+<div class="figure xd23e6695width"><img src="images/p153-4.jpg" alt=
+"Pacolet River, Hendersonville." width="333" height="510">
+<p class="figureHead">Pacolet River, Hendersonville.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Down the valley glides the river,</p>
+<p class="line">Murmuring a sad farewell.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par">The rattlesnake is called utsanati, which may be
+rendered, &ldquo;he has a bell,&rdquo; alluding to the rattles.
+According to their myths the rattlesnake was once a man, and was
+transformed to his present shape that he might save the human race from
+extermination by the Sun, a mission which he accomplished successfully
+after others had failed.</p>
+<p class="par">By the old men he is also spoken of as &ldquo;The
+Thunder&rsquo;s Necklace,&rdquo; and to kill one is to destroy one of
+the most prized ornaments of the Thunder-god. In one of the formulas
+addressed to the Little Men, the sons of the Thunder, they are implored
+to take the disease snake to themselves, because, &ldquo;It is just
+what you adorn yourselves with.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">For obvious reasons the rattlesnake is regarded as the
+chief of the tribe and is feared and respected accordingly. Few
+Cherokee will venture to kill one except under absolute necessity, and
+even then the crime must be atoned for by asking pardon of the snake
+ghost, either through the mediation of a priest or in person according
+to a set formula.</p>
+<p class="par">Otherwise, the relatives of the dead snake will send one
+of their number to track up the offender and bite him, so that he will
+die. The only thing of which it is said that the rattlesnake is afraid
+is the plant known as <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb154" href=
+"#pb154" name="pb154">154</a>]</span>campion, or
+&ldquo;rattlesnake&rsquo;s master&rdquo; (Silene Stella), which is used
+by doctors to counteract the effect of the bite, and it is believed
+that a snake will flee in terror from the hunter who carries a small
+piece of the root about his person.</p>
+<p class="par">Notwithstanding the fear of the rattlesnake, his
+rattles, teeth, flesh and oil are greatly prized for occult or medical
+uses, the snake being killed for this purpose by certain priests who
+know the necessary rites and formulas for obtaining pardon.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH SEVENTEEN.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Uktena and the Ulunsuti.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">Long ago&mdash;hilahiyu&mdash;when the Sun became
+angry at the people on earth, and sent a sickness to destroy them, the
+Little Men changed a man into a monster snake, as large as the trunk of
+a tree, with horns, which they called the Uktena, &ldquo;The
+Keen-eyed,&rdquo; and sent him to kill her. He failed to do the work,
+and the Rattlesnake had to be sent instead, which made the Uktena so
+jealous and angry that the people were afraid of him and had him taken
+to Galunlati, to stay with the other dangerous things. He left others
+behind him, though, nearly as large and dangerous as himself, and they
+hide now in the deep pools in the river and about lonely passes in the
+high mountains, the places which the Cherokee call, &ldquo;Where the
+Uktena stays.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Those who know say that the Uktena with its horns on its
+head has a bright blazing crest like a diamond upon its forehead, and
+scales glittering like sparks of <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb155"
+href="#pb155" name="pb155">155</a>]</span>fire upon its body. It has
+rings or spots along its whole length, and cannot be wounded except by
+shooting in the seventh spot from the head because under this spot are
+its heart and its life.</p>
+<p class="par">The blazing spot is called Ulunsuti,
+&ldquo;Transparent,&rdquo; and he who can win it may become the
+greatest wonder-worker of the tribe, but it is worth a man&rsquo;s life
+to attempt it, for whoever is seen by the Uktena is so dazed by the
+bright light that he runs toward the snake instead of trying to escape.
+Even to see the Uktena asleep is death, not to the hunter himself, but
+to his family. Of all the daring warriors who have started out in
+search of Ulunsu&rsquo;ti only <span class="corr" id="xd23e6734" title=
+"Source: Agan-unitsi">Agan-uni-tsi</span> ever came back
+successful.</p>
+<p class="par">The East Cherokee still keeps the one that he bought. It
+is like a transparent crystal, nearly the shape of a cartridge bullet,
+with blood-red streaks running thru the center from top to bottom. The
+owner keeps it wrapped in a whole deerskin, inside an earthen vessel,
+hidden away in a secret cave in the mountains.</p>
+<p class="par">Every seven days he feeds it with the blood of small
+game, rubbing the blood all over the crystal as soon as the animal has
+been killed. Twice a year it must have the blood of a deer or some
+other large animal. Should he forget to feed it at the proper time it
+would come out of the cave at night in a shape of fire and fly thru the
+air to slake its thirst with the life blood of the conjurer or some of
+his people.</p>
+<p class="par">He may save himself from this danger by telling it, when
+he puts it away, that he will not need it again for a long time. It
+will then go quietly to sleep and feel no hunger until it is again
+brought out to be consulted. Then it must be fed again on blood before
+it is used. No white man must ever see it, and no person but the owner
+will venture near it for fear of sudden death. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb156" href="#pb156" name="pb156">156</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Even the conjurer who keeps it is afraid of it, and
+changes its hiding place every once in a while so that it cannot learn
+the way out. When he dies it will be buried with him. Otherwise, it
+will come out of its cave, like a blazing star, to search for his
+grave, night after night for seven years, when, if still not able to
+find him, it will go back to sleep forever where he has placed it.</p>
+<p class="par">Whoever owns the Ulunsuti is sure of success in hunting,
+love, rain-making and every other business, but its great use is in
+life prophecy. When it is consulted for this purpose the future is seen
+mirrored in the clear crystal as a tree is reflected in the quiet
+stream below, and the conjurer knows whether the sick man will recover,
+whether the warrior will return from the battle, or whether the youth
+will live to be old.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH EIGHTEEN.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>Agan-uni-tsi&rsquo;s Search for the
+Uktena.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">In one of their battles with the Showano, who are
+all magicians, the Cherokee captured a great medicine-man, whose name
+was Agan-uni-tsi, &ldquo;The Ground-Hog&rsquo;s Mother.&rdquo; They had
+tied him ready for the torture when he begged for his life, and
+engaged, if they spared him, to find for them the great wonder-worker,
+the Ulunsuti. Now, the Ulunsuti is like a blazing star set in the
+forehead of the great Uktena serpent, and the medicine-man who could
+possess it might do marvelous things, but everyone knew that this could
+not be, because it was certain death to meet the Uktena. They warned
+him of all this, but he only answered that his medicine was
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb157" href="#pb157" name=
+"pb157">157</a>]</span>strong and that he was not afraid. So they gave
+him his life on that condition and he began the search.</p>
+<p class="par">The Uktena used to lie in wait in lonely places to
+surprise its victims, and especially haunted the dark passes of the
+Great Smoky Mountains. Knowing this, the magician went first to a gap
+in the range on the far northern border of the Cherokee country. He
+searched there and found a monster blacksnake, larger than had ever
+been known before, but it was not what he was looking for, and he
+laughed at it as something too small for notice.</p>
+<p class="par">Coming southward to the next gap he found there a
+moccasin snake, the largest ever seen, but when the people wondered he
+said it was nothing. In the next gap he found a green snake and called
+the people to see it, (the pretty salikwaya), but when they found an
+immense greensnake coiled up in the path they ran away in fear.</p>
+<p class="par">Coming on to Utawa-gun-ti, the Bald mountain, he found
+there a great diyahali (lizard) basking, but, although it was large and
+terrible to look at, it was not what he was looking for and he paid no
+attention to it. Going still further south to Walasi-yi, the Frog
+place, he found a great frog squatting in the gap but when the people
+who came to see it were frightened like the others and ran away from
+the monster he mocked at them for being afraid of a frog and went on to
+the next gap.</p>
+<p class="par">He went on to Duni-skwa-lgun-yi, the Gap of the Forked
+Antler, and to the enchanted lake of Atagahi, and at each he found
+monstrous reptiles, but he said they were nothing.</p>
+<p class="par">He thought that the Uktena might be hiding in the deep
+water at Tlanusiyi, the Leech place, on Hiwassee, where other strange
+things had been seen before, and going there he dived far down under
+the surface. He <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb158" href="#pb158"
+name="pb158">158</a>]</span>saw turtles and water snakes, and two
+immense sun-perches rushed at him and retreated again, but that was
+all.</p>
+<p class="par">Other places he tried, going always southward, and at
+last on Gahuti mountain he found the Uktena asleep.</p>
+<p class="par">Turning without noise, he ran swiftly down the
+mountainside as far as he could go with one long breath, nearly to the
+bottom of the slope. Then he stopped and piled up a lot of pine-cones,
+and inside of it he dug a deep trench. Then he set fire to the cones
+and came back again up the mountain.</p>
+<p class="par">The Uktena was still asleep, and, putting an arrow to
+his bow, <span class="corr" id="xd23e6776" title=
+"Source: Agan-unitsi">Agan-uni-tsi</span> shot and sent the arrow
+through its heart, which was under the seventh spot from the
+serpent&rsquo;s head.</p>
+<p class="par">The great snake raised his head, with the diamond in
+front flashing fire, and came straight at his enemy, but the magician,
+turning quickly, ran at full speed down the mountain, cleared the
+circle of fire and the trench at one bound, and lay down on the ground
+inside. The Uktena tried to follow, but the arrow was thru his heart,
+and in another moment he rolled over in his death struggle, spitting
+poison over all the mountainside. The poison drops could not pass the
+circle of fire, but only hissed and sputtered in the blaze, and the
+magician on the inside was untouched except by one small drop which
+struck upon his head as he lay close to the ground; but he did not know
+it. The blood, too, as poisonous as the froth, poured from the
+Uktena&rsquo;s wound and down the slope in a stream, but it ran into
+the trench and left him unharmed.</p>
+<p class="par">The dying monster rolled over and over down the
+mountain, breaking down large trees in its path until it reached the
+bottom. Then Agan-uni-tsi called every bird <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb159" href="#pb159" name="pb159">159</a>]</span>in
+all the woods to come to the feast, and so many came that when they
+were done not even the bones were left. After seven days he went by
+night to the spot.</p>
+<p class="par">The body and the bones of the snake were gone, all eaten
+by the birds, but he saw a bright light shining in the darkness, and
+going over to it he found, resting on a low-hanging branch, where a
+raven had dropped it<span class="corr" id="xd23e6788" title=
+"Source: .">,</span> the diamond from the head of Uktena. He wrapped it
+up carefully and took it with him, and from that time he became the
+greatest medicine-man in the whole tribe.</p>
+<p class="par">When he came down again to the settlement the people
+noticed a small snake hanging from his head where the single drop of
+poison from the Uktena had struck him; but so long as he lived he
+himself never knew that it was there.</p>
+<p class="par">Where the blood of the Uktena had filled the trench a
+lake formed afterwards, and the water was black and in this water the
+women used to dye the cane splits for their baskets.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH NINETEEN.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Red Man and the Uktena.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">Two brothers went hunting together, and when they
+came to a good camping place in the mountains they made a fire, and
+while one gathered bark to put up a shelter, the other started up the
+creek to look for a deer. Soon he heard a noise on the top of the ridge
+as if two animals were fighting. He hurried thru the brush to see what
+it might be, and when he came to the spot he found a great Uktena
+coiled around a man and choking <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb160"
+href="#pb160" name="pb160">160</a>]</span>him to death. The man was
+fighting for his life, and called out to the hunter, &ldquo;Help me,
+nephew; he is your enemy as well as mine.&rdquo; The hunter took good
+aim, and, drawing the arrow to the head, sent it thru the body of the
+Uktena, so that the blood spouted from the hole. The snake loosed its
+coils with a snapping noise, and went tumbling down the ridge into the
+valley, tearing up the earth like a water-spout as it rolled.</p>
+<p class="par">The stranger stood up, and it was the Asgaya Gigagei,
+the Red Man of the Lightning. He said to the hunter: &ldquo;You have
+helped me, and now I will reward you, and give you a medicine so that
+you can always find game.&rdquo; They waited until it was dark, and
+then went down the ridge to where the dead Uktena had rolled, but by
+this time the birds and the insects had eaten the body and only the
+bones were left.</p>
+<p class="par">In one place were flashes of light coming up from the
+ground, and on digging here, just under the surface, the Red Man found
+a scale of the Uktena. Next he went over to the tree that had been
+struck by lightning, and gathering a handful of splinters he made a
+fire and burned the scale of the Uktena to a coal. He wrapped this in a
+piece of deerskin and gave it to the hunter, saying: &ldquo;As long as
+you keep this you can always kill game.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Then he told the hunter that when he went back to camp
+he must hang up the medicine on a tree outside, because it was very
+strong and dangerous. He told him also that when he went into the cabin
+he would find his brother lying inside nearly dead on account of the
+presence of the Uktena scale, but he must take a small piece of cane,
+which the Red Man gave him, and scrape a little of it into water and
+give it to his brother to drink, and he would be well again.</p>
+<p class="par">Then the Red Man was gone, and the hunter could not
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb161" href="#pb161" name=
+"pb161">161</a>]</span>see where he went. He returned to camp alone,
+and found his brother very sick, but soon cured him with the medicine
+from the cane, and that day and the next, and every day after, he found
+game whenever he went for it.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Hunter and the Uksuhi.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">A man living down in Georgia came to visit some
+relatives at Hickory-log. He was a great hunter, and after resting for
+some days, got ready to go into the mountains. His friends warned him
+not to go toward the north, as in that direction, near a certain large
+uprooted tree, there lived a dangerous monster Uksuhi snake.</p>
+<p class="par">It kept constant watch, and whenever it could spring
+upon an unwary hunter it would coil about him and crush out his life in
+its folds, and then drag the dead body down the mountainside into a
+deep hole in Hiwassee river. He listened quietly to the warning, but
+all they said only made him the more anxious to see such a monster, so,
+without saying anything of his intentions, he left the settlement and
+took his way directly up the mountain toward the north.</p>
+<p class="par">Soon he came to the fallen tree and climbed upon the
+trunk, and there, sure enough, on the other side was the great Uksuhi
+stretched out in the grass, with its head raised, but looking the other
+way.</p>
+<p class="par">It was as large as a common trunk of a tree, and at the
+sight of this terrible monster the hunter became so much frightened
+that he made haste to get down <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb162"
+href="#pb162" name="pb162">162</a>]</span>from the log and started to
+run; but the great snake had heard him approach, and the noise as he
+started to make his escape, whereupon it turned quickly and pursued
+him.</p>
+<p class="par">Up the ridge the hunter ran, the snake close behind him,
+then down the other side toward the river, but with all his running the
+Uksuhi gained rapidly, and just as he reached the low ground it caught
+up with him and wrapped around him, pinning one arm down by his side,
+but leaving the other free. Now, it gave him a terrible squeeze that
+almost broke his ribs, and then began to drag him along toward the
+water. With his free hand the hunter began to clutch at the bushes as
+they passed, but the snake turned his head and blew its sickening
+breath into his face, until he had to let go his hold.</p>
+<p class="par">Again and again this happened, and all the time they
+were getting nearer and nearer to a deep hole in the river, when,
+almost at the last moment, a lucky thought came into the hunter&rsquo;s
+mind. He was sweating all over from his run across the mountain, and
+suddenly remembered to have heard that snakes cannot bear the smell of
+perspiration. Putting his free hand into his bosom he worked it around
+under his armpit until it was covered with perspiration. Then
+withdrawing it, he grasped at a bush until the snake turned its head,
+when he quickly slapped his sweaty hand on its nose. The Uksuhi gave
+one gasp almost as if it had been wounded, loosened its coil, and
+glided swiftly away thru the bushes, leaving the hunter, bruised but
+not disabled, to make his way home to the Hickory-log. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb163" href="#pb163" name="pb163">163</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-ONE.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Ustutli.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">There was once a great serpent, called the
+Ustutli, that made its haunt upon Cohutta mountain. It was called the
+Ustutli or &ldquo;foot&rdquo; snake, because it did not glide like
+other snakes, but had feet at each end of its body, and moved by
+strides or jerks, like a great measuring worm.</p>
+<p class="par">These feet were three-cornered and flat and could hold
+to the ground like suckers. It had no legs, but would raise itself up
+on its hind feet, with its snaky head high in the air until it found a
+good place to take a fresh hold; then it would bend down and grip its
+front feet to the ground while it drew its body up from behind.</p>
+<p class="par">It could cross rivers and deep ravines by throwing its
+head across, and getting a grip with its front feet, and then swing its
+body over. Wherever its footprints were found there was danger.</p>
+<p class="par">It used to bleat like a young fawn, and when the hunter
+heard a fawn bleat in the woods he never looked for it, but hurried
+away in the other direction. Up the mountain or down, nothing could
+escape the Ustutli&rsquo;s pursuit, but along the side of the ridge it
+could not go, because the great weight of its swinging head broke its
+hold on the ground when it moved sideways.</p>
+<p class="par">It came to pass after awhile that not a hunter about
+Cohutta would venture near the mountain for dread of the Ustutli.</p>
+<p class="par">At last a man from one of the northern settlements came
+down to visit some relatives in that neighborhood. When he arrived they
+made a feast for him, but only had <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb164"
+href="#pb164" name="pb164">164</a>]</span>corn and beans, and excused
+themselves for having no meat because the hunters were afraid to go
+into the mountains. He asked the reason, and when they told him he said
+he would go himself tomorrow and either bring in a deer or find the
+Ustutli. They tried to dissuade him from it, but as he insisted upon
+going they warned him that if a fawn bleated in the thicket he must run
+at once and if the snake came after him he must not try to run down the
+mountain, but along the side of the ridge.</p>
+<p class="par">In the morning he started out, and went directly to the
+mountain. Working his way thru the bushes at the base, he suddenly
+heard a fawn bleat in front. He guessed at once that it was the
+Ustutli, but he had made up his mind to see it, so he did not turn
+back, but went straight forward, and there, sure enough, was the
+monster, with its great head in the air, as high as the pine branches,
+looking in every direction to discover a deer, or maybe a man, for
+breakfast. It saw him and came at him at once, moving in jerky strides,
+every one the length of a tree trunk, holding its scaly head high above
+the bushes and bleating as it came. The hunter was so badly frightened
+that he lost his wits entirely and started to run directly up the
+mountain.</p>
+<p class="par">The great snake came after him, gaining half its length
+on him every time it took a fresh grip with its fore feet, and would
+have caught the hunter before he reached the top of the ridge, but that
+he suddenly remembered the warning and changed his course to run along
+the side of the mountain. At once the snake began to lose ground, for
+every time it raised itself up the weight of its body threw it out of a
+straight line and made it fall a little lower down the side of the
+ridge. It tried to recover itself, but now the hunter gained and kept
+on until <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb165" href="#pb165" name=
+"pb165">165</a>]</span>he turned the end of the ridge and left the
+snake out of sight. Then he cautiously climbed to the top and looked
+over and saw the Ustutli still slowly working its way toward the
+summit.</p>
+<p class="par">He went down to the base of the mountain, opened his
+fire pouch, and set fire to the grass and leaves. Soon the fire ran all
+around the mountain and began to climb upward.</p>
+<p class="par">When the great serpent smelled the smoke and saw the
+flames coming, it forgot all about the hunter and turned to make all
+speed for a high cliff near the summit. It reached the rock and got
+upon it, but the fire followed and caught the dead pines about the base
+of the cliff until the heat made the Ustutli&rsquo;s scales crack.</p>
+<p class="par">Taking a close grip of the rock with its hind feet, it
+raised its body and put forth all its strength in an effort to spring
+across the wall of fire that surrounded it, but the smoke choked it and
+its hold loosened and it fell among the blazing pine trunks and
+<span class="corr" id="xd23e6869" title="Source: law">lay</span> there
+until it was burned to ashes.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-TWO.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Uwtsunta.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">At Nundayeli, the wildest spot in Nantahala river,
+(in what is now Macon County, North Carolina), where the overhanging
+cliff is highest and the river far below, there lived in the old time a
+great snake called the Uwtsunta (or bouncer), because it moved by jerks
+like a measuring worm, with only one part of its body on the ground at
+a time. It stayed generally on the east side, where <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb166" href="#pb166" name="pb166">166</a>]</span>the
+sun came first in the morning, and used to cross by reaching over from
+the highest point of the cliff until it could get a grip on the other
+side, when it would pull over the rest of its body.</p>
+<p class="par">It was so immense that when it was thus stretched
+across, its shadow darkened the whole valley below.</p>
+<p class="par">For a long time the people did not know it was there,
+but when at last they found out that such a monster inhabited the
+country, they were afraid to live in the valley, so that it was
+deserted long before the Indians were removed from the country.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-THREE.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Snake Boy.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">There was a boy who used to go bird hunting every
+day, and all the birds he brought home to give to his grandmother, who
+was very fond of him. This made the rest of the family jealous, and
+they treated him in such fashion that at last one day he told his
+grandmother he would leave them all, but that she must not grieve for
+him.</p>
+<p class="par">Next morning he refused to eat any breakfast, but went
+off hungry to the woods and was gone all day. In the evening he
+returned, bringing with him a pair of deer horns, and went directly to
+the hothouse (Asi), where his grandmother was waiting for him. He told
+the old woman that he must be alone that night, so she got up and went
+into the house where the others were.</p>
+<p class="par">At early daybreak she came again to the hothouse and
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb167" href="#pb167" name=
+"pb167">167</a>]</span>looked in, and there she saw an immense Uktena
+that filled the Asi, with horns on its head, but still with two human
+legs instead of a snake&rsquo;s tail.</p>
+<p class="par">It was all that was left of her boy. He spoke to her and
+told her to leave him, and she went away again from the door. When the
+sun was well up, the Uktena began slowly to crawl out, but it was full
+noon before it was all out of the Asi. It made a terrible hissing noise
+as it came out, and all the people ran from it.</p>
+<p class="par">It crawled on thru the settlement, leaving a broad trail
+in the ground behind it, until it came to a deep bend in the river,
+where it plunged in and went under the water.</p>
+<p class="par">The grandmother grieved much for the boy, until the
+others of the family got angry and told her that she thought so much of
+him that she ought to go and stay with him. So she left them and went
+along the trail made by the Uktena to the river and walked directly
+into the water and disappeared. Once after that a man fishing near the
+place saw her sitting on a large rock in the river, looking just as she
+had always looked, but as soon as she caught sight of him she jumped
+into the water and was gone.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-FOUR.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Snake Man.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">Two hunters, both for some reason under a tabu
+against the meat of a squirrel or turkey, had gone into the woods
+together. When evening came, they found a good camping place and
+lighted a fire to prepare their <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb168"
+href="#pb168" name="pb168">168</a>]</span>supper. One of them had
+killed several squirrels during the day, and now got ready to broil
+them over the fire.</p>
+<p class="par">His companion warned him that if he broke the tabu and
+ate squirrel meat he would become a snake, but the other laughed and
+said that was only a conjurer&rsquo;s story. He went on with the
+preparation, and when the squirrels were roasted made his supper of
+them and then lay down by the fire to sleep.</p>
+<p class="par">Late that night his companion was aroused by groaning,
+and on looking around he found the other lying on the ground rolling
+and twisting in agony, and with the lower part of his body already
+changed to the body and tail of a large watersnake. The man was still
+able to speak and call loudly for help, but his companion could do
+nothing, but only sit by and try to comfort him while he watched the
+arms sink into his body and the skin take on a scaly change that
+mounted gradually toward the neck, until at last even the head was a
+serpent&rsquo;s head and the great snake crawled away from the fire and
+down the bank into the river, and was never seen again.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-FIVE.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Rattlesnake&rsquo;s Revenge.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">One day in the olden times, when we could still
+talk with other creatures, while some children were playing about the
+house, their mother inside heard them scream. Running outside she found
+that a rattlesnake had crawled from the grass, and taking up a stick
+she killed it. The father was out hunting in the mountains, and that
+evening when coming home after dark thru the gap, he heard <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb169" href="#pb169" name="pb169">169</a>]</span>a
+strange wailing sound. Looking about he found that he had come into the
+midst of a whole company of rattlesnakes, all of which had their mouths
+open and seemed to be crying. He asked them the reason of their
+trouble, and they told him that his own wife had that day killed their
+chief, the Yellow Rattlesnake, and they were just now about to send the
+Black Rattlesnake to take revenge.</p>
+<p class="par">The hunter said he was very sorry, but they told him
+that if he spoke the truth that he must be ready to make satisfaction
+and give his wife as a sacrifice for the life of their chief. Not
+knowing what might happen otherwise, he consented. They then told him
+that the Black Rattlesnake would go home with him and coil up just
+outside the door in the dark. He must go inside, where he would find
+his wife awaiting him, and ask her to get him a fresh drink of water
+from the spring. That was all. He went home and knew that the Black
+Rattlesnake was following. It was night when he arrived and very dark,
+but he found his wife waiting with his supper ready. He sat down and
+asked for a drink of water. She handed him a gourd full from the jar,
+but he said he wanted it fresh from the spring, so she took a bowl and
+went out of the door. The next moment he heard a cry, and going out he
+found that the Black Rattlesnake had bitten her and that she was
+already dying.</p>
+<p class="par">He stayed with her until she was dead, when the Black
+Rattlesnake came out from the grass again and said his tribe was now
+satisfied.</p>
+<p class="par">He then taught the hunter a prayer song, and
+said<span class="corr" id="xd23e6936" title="Source: .">,</span>
+&ldquo;When you meet any of us hereafter sing this song and we will not
+hurt you; but if by accident one of us should bite one of your tribe,
+then sing this song over him and he will recover.&rdquo; And the
+Cherokee have kept this song and sing it until this day. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb170" href="#pb170" name="pb170">170</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-SIX.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Nest of the Tlanuwas<span class="corr" id=
+"xd23e6947" title="Not in source">.</span></i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">On the north bank of Little Tennessee river, in a
+bend below the mouth of Citico creek, in Blount County, Tennessee, is a
+high cliff hanging over the water, and about half way up the face of
+the rock is a cave with two openings. The rock projects outward above
+the cave, so that the mouth cannot be seen from above, and it seems
+impossible to reach the cave either from above or below.</p>
+<p class="par">There are white streaks in the rock from the cave down
+to the water. The Cherokee call it Tlanuwai (the place of the Great
+Mythic Hawk).</p>
+<p class="par">In the old time, away back soon after the creation, a
+pair of Tlanuwas had their nest in this cave. They were immense birds,
+larger than any that live now, and very strong and savage.</p>
+<p class="par">They were forever flying up and down the river, and used
+to come into the settlements and carry off dogs and even young children
+playing near the houses. No one could reach the nest to kill them, and
+when the people tried to shoot them the arrows only glanced off and
+were seized and carried away in the talons of the Tlanuwas.</p>
+<p class="par">At last the people went to a great medicine man, who
+promised to help them. Some were afraid that if he failed to kill the
+Tlanuwas they would take revenge on the people, but the medicine man
+said he could fix that. He made a long rope of linn bark, just as the
+Cherokee still do, with loops in it for his feet, and had the people
+let him down from the top of the cliff at a time when he knew that the
+old birds were away.</p>
+<p class="par">When he came opposite the mouth of the cave he still
+could not reach it, because the rocks above hung over, <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb171" href="#pb171" name="pb171">171</a>]</span>so
+he swung himself backward and forward several times until the rope
+swung near enough for him to pull himself into the cave with a hooked
+stick that he carried, which he managed to fasten in some bushes
+growing at the entrance.</p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e6964width" id="p171-1"><img src=
+"images/p171-1.jpg" alt="A Cherokee Indian Ball Team." width="644"
+height="485">
+<p class="figureHead">A Cherokee Indian Ball Team.</p>
+<p class="par first">At Cherokee, N. C.</p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e6971width" id="p171-2"><img src=
+"images/p171-2.jpg" alt="The Pools, Chimney Rock." width="645" height=
+"481">
+<p class="figureHead">The Pools, Chimney Rock.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Still the stream flows fresh forever,</p>
+<p class="line">Never resting, night or day.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par">In the nest he found four young ones, and on the floor
+of the cave were the bones of all sorts of animals and children that
+had been carried there by the hawks. He pulled the young ones out of
+the nest and threw them over the cliff into the deep water below, where
+a great Uktena serpent that lived there finished them.</p>
+<p class="par">Just then he saw the two old ones coming, and had hardly
+time to climb up again to the top of the rock before they reached the
+nest.</p>
+<p class="par">When they found the nest empty they were furious, and
+circled round and round in the air until they saw the snake put its
+head from the water. Then they darted straight downward, and while one
+seized the snake in his talons and flew far up in the sky with it, his
+mate struck at it and bit off piece after piece until nothing was left.
+They were so high up that when the pieces fell they made holes in the
+rocks, which are still to be seen there, at the place which we call,
+&ldquo;Where the Tlanuwa cut it up,&rdquo; opposite the mouth of
+Citico. Then the two hawks circled up and up until they went out of
+sight, and they have never been seen any more. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb172" href="#pb172" name="pb172">172</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-SEVEN.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Hunter and the Tlanuwa.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">A hunter out in the woods one day saw a Tlanuwa
+overhead and tried to hide from it, but the great bird had already seen
+him, and, sweeping down, struck its claws into his hunting pack, and
+carried him far up into the air. As it flew, the Tlanuwa, which was a
+mother-bird, spoke and told the hunter that he need not be afraid, as
+she would not hurt him, but only wanted him to stay awhile with her
+young ones to guard them until they were old enough to leave the
+nest.</p>
+<p class="par">At last they alighted at the mouth of a cave in the face
+of a steep cliff. Inside, the water was dripping from the roof, and at
+the farther end was a nest of sticks in which were two young birds.</p>
+<p class="par">The old Tlanuwa set the hunter down and then flew away,
+returning soon with a fresh-killed deer, which it tore to pieces,
+giving the first piece to the hunter and then feeding the two young
+hawks.</p>
+<p class="par">The hunter stayed in the cave for many days until the
+young birds were nearly grown, and every day the old mother bird would
+fly away from the nest and return in the evening with a deer or a bear,
+of which she always gave the first piece to the hunter. He grew very
+anxious to see his home again, but the Tlanuwa kept telling him not to
+be uneasy, but to wait a little while longer. At last he made up his
+mind to escape from the cave and finally studied out the plan.</p>
+<p class="par">The next morning, after the great hawk had gone, he
+dragged one of the young birds to the mouth of the cave and tied
+himself to one of its legs with a strap from his hunting pack. Then
+with the flat side of the <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb173" href=
+"#pb173" name="pb173">173</a>]</span>tomahawk he struck it several
+times on the head until it was dazed and helpless, then pushed the bird
+and himself together off the shelf of rock into the air. They fell far,
+far down toward the earth, but the air from below held up the
+bird&rsquo;s wings, so that it was almost as if they were flying. As
+the Tlanuwa revived it tried to fly upward toward the nest, but the
+hunter struck it again with his hatchet until it was dazed and dropped
+again.</p>
+<p class="par">At last they came down in the top of a poplar tree, when
+the hunter cut the strap from the leg of the bird and let it fly away,
+first pulling out a feather from its wing. He climbed down from the
+tree and went home to the settlement, but when he looked in his pack
+for the feather, he found that he only had a stone, for the Great
+Mythic Hawk had power to turn many objects into whatever it
+pleased.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-EIGHT.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>Utlunta, the Spear Finger.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">Long, long ago, there lived in the mountains a
+terrible ogress, a woman monster, whose food was human livers. She
+could take on any shape that she pleased, or that suited her purpose,
+but in her right form she looked very much like an old woman, excepting
+that her whole body was covered with a skin as hard as a rock, that no
+weapon could wound or penetrate, and that on her right hand she had a
+long, stony finger of bone, like an awl or spear-head, with which she
+stabbed everyone to whom she could get near enough. On account of this
+fact she <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb174" href="#pb174" name=
+"pb174">174</a>]</span>was called Utlunta, &ldquo;Spear Finger,&rdquo;
+and on account of her stony skin she was sometimes called Nunyunuwi,
+&ldquo;Stone-dress.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">There was another stone-clothed monster that killed
+people, but that is a different story.</p>
+<p class="par">Spear-finger had such power over stone that she could
+easily lift and carry immense rocks, and could cement them together by
+merely striking one against another. To get over the rough country more
+easily she undertook to build a great bridge through the air from
+Nunyutlugunyi, the &ldquo;Tree Rock,&rdquo; on Hiwassee, over to
+Sanigilagi (Whiteside Mountain, in Jackson County, North Carolina,) on
+the Blue Ridge, and had it well started from the top of &ldquo;Tree
+rock&rdquo; when the lightning struck it and scattered the fragments
+along the whole ridge, where the pieces can still be seen by those who
+go there.</p>
+<p class="par">She used to range all over the mountains about the heads
+of the streams and in the dark passes of Nantahala, always hungry and
+looking for victims. Her favorite haunt on the Tennessee side of the
+Great Smoky Mountains was about the gap on the trail where Chilhowee
+Mountains come down to the river.</p>
+<p class="par">Sometimes the old woman would approach along the trail
+where the children were picking strawberries or playing near the
+village, and would say to them coaxingly, &ldquo;Come, my grand
+children, come to your granny and let granny dress your hair.&rdquo;
+When some little girl ran up and laid her head in the old woman&rsquo;s
+lap to be petted and combed, the old witch would gently run her fingers
+thru the child&rsquo;s hair until it went to sleep, when she would stab
+the little one thru the heart or back of the neck with the long awl
+finger, which she had kept hidden under her robe. Then she would take
+out the <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb175" href="#pb175" name=
+"pb175">175</a>]</span>liver and eat it. She would enter the house by
+taking the appearance of one of the family who happened to have gone
+out for a short time, and would watch her chance to stab some one with
+her long finger and take out his liver. She could stab him without
+being noticed, and often the victim did not even know it himself at the
+time&mdash;for it left no wound and caused no pain&mdash;but went on
+about his own affairs, until all at once he felt weak and began to pine
+away, and was always sure to die, because Spear-finger had taken his
+liver.</p>
+<p class="par">When the Cherokee went out in the fall, according to
+their custom, to burn leaves off from the mountains in order to get the
+chestnuts on the ground, they were never safe, for the old witch was
+always on the lookout, and as soon as she saw the smoke rise she knew
+there were Indians there and she would sneak up and try to surprise one
+alone. So as well as they could they would try to keep together, and
+were very cautious of allowing any stranger to approach the camp. But
+if one went to the spring for a drink, they never knew but it might be
+the liver-eater that came back and sat with them. At last a great
+council was held to devise some means to get rid of the old witch
+before she should destroy everybody. The people came from all around to
+Nikwasi, (mound now near Franklin, N. C.) and after much talking it was
+decided that the best way to secure her demise would be to trap her in
+a pitfall where all the warriors could attack her at once. So they dug
+a deep pitfall across the path and covered it over with earth and grass
+as if the ground had never been disturbed. Then they kindled a large
+fire of brush near the trail and hid themselves in the laurels, because
+they knew that she would come as soon as she saw the smoke.</p>
+<p class="par">Sure enough they soon saw an old woman coming along
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb176" href="#pb176" name=
+"pb176">176</a>]</span>the trail. She looked very much like an old
+woman that they knew in the village, and although several of the wiser
+men wanted to shoot at her, the others interfered, because they did not
+want to hurt one of their own people. The old woman came slowly along
+the trail, with one hand under her blanket, until she stepped upon the
+pitfall and tumbled through the brush top into the deep hole below.
+Then, at once, she showed her true nature, and instead of the old
+feeble woman there was the terrible Utlunta with her stony skin, and
+her sharp awl finger reaching out in every direction for some one to
+stab.</p>
+<p class="par">The hunters rushed out from the thicket and surrounded
+the pit, but shoot as true and as often as they could, the arrows
+struck the stony mail of the witch only to be broken and fall useless
+at her feet, while she taunted them and tried to climb out of the pit
+to get at them. They kept out of her way, but were only wasting their
+arrows when a small bird, Utsugi, the titmous, perched on a tree
+overhead and began to sing, &ldquo;un, un, un.&rdquo; They thought it
+was saying unqhu, heart, meaning that they should aim at the heart of
+the stone witch. They directed their arrows where the heart should be,
+but the arrows only glanced off with the flint heads broken.</p>
+<p class="par">Then they caught the Utsugi and cut off its tongue, so
+that ever since its tongue is short and everybody knows that it is a
+liar.</p>
+<p class="par">When the hunters let it go, it flew straight up into the
+sky until it was out of sight, and it never came back any more, and the
+titmouse that we know now is only an image of the other.</p>
+<p class="par">They kept up the fight without result until another
+bird, little Tsikilili, the chickadee, flew down from a <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb177" href="#pb177" name="pb177">177</a>]</span>tree
+and alighted upon the witch&rsquo;s right hand. The warriors took this
+as a sign that they must aim there, and they were right, for her heart
+was on the inside of her hand, which she kept doubled up into a fist,
+this same awl-hand with which she had stabbed so many people. Now she
+was frightened in earnest, and began to rush furiously at them with her
+long awl finger, and to jump about in the pit to dodge the arrows,
+until at last an arrow struck her just where the awl finger joined her
+wrist and she fell down dead. Ever since then the Tsikilili is known as
+a truth-teller, and when a man is away on a journey, if this bird comes
+and perches near the house and chirps its song, his friends know that
+he will soon reach his home in safety, and his friends will greet him
+upon his arrival.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-NINE.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>Nunyunuwi<span class="corr" id="xd23e7055" title=
+"Source: .">,</span> the Stone Man.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">This is what the old men used to tell us when we
+were boys. Once when all the people of the settlement were out in the
+mountains on a great hunt, one man who had gone ahead climbed to the
+top of a high ridge and found a large river on the other side.</p>
+<p class="par">While he was looking across he saw an old man walking
+about on the opposite ridge, with a cane that seemed to be made of some
+bright, shining rock. The hunter watched and saw that every little
+while the old man would point his cane in a certain direction, then
+draw it <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb178" href="#pb178" name=
+"pb178">178</a>]</span>back and smell the end of it. At last he pointed
+it in the direction of the hunter&rsquo;s camp on the other side of the
+mountain, and this time when he drew back the staff he sniffed it
+several times as if it smelled very good, and then started along the
+ridge straight for the camp. He moved very slowly, with the help of the
+cane, until he reached the end of the ridge, when he threw the cane out
+into the air and it became a bridge of shining rock stretching across
+the river.</p>
+<p class="par">After he had crossed over upon the bridge it became a
+cane again and the old man picked it up and started over the mountain
+toward the camp. The hunter was frightened, and felt sure that it meant
+mischief, so he hurried on down the mountain and took the shortest
+trail back to the camp to get there before the old man. When he got
+there and told his story the medicine-man said the old man was a wicked
+cannibal monster called Nunyunuwi, &ldquo;Dressed in Stone,&rdquo; who
+lived in the Nantahala mountains, and was always going about thru the
+forest looking for some hunter that he might kill and eat him.</p>
+<p class="par">It was very hard to escape from him, because his cane
+guided him as a dog, and it was nearly as hard to kill him, for his
+body was entirely covered with a skin of solid rock. If he came he
+would kill and eat them all, and there was only one way to save their
+lives.</p>
+<p class="par">He could not bear to look upon a woman, and if they
+could bring to the path seven married women, that the sight of them
+would kill him, and they would rid themselves of him. So they ran
+swiftly and brought quickly as many women as they could find, and
+placed them <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb179" href="#pb179" name=
+"pb179">179</a>]</span>along the trail, and when the old man came, he
+saw one woman standing near the trail and the very sight of her made
+him sick and he cried out, &ldquo;Yu, my grandchild, I hate the sight
+of woman!&rdquo; He hurried past her and in a moment he saw the second
+woman standing as he had seen the other, and he cried out again,
+&ldquo;Yu! my child; I hate the tribe of women, and he hurried past
+her, and he continued along the trail until he came to the seventh, and
+by this time he had become so much enraged that he fell down almost
+dead. Then the medicine-man drove seven sourwood switches through his
+body and pinned him to the ground, and when night came they piled great
+logs over him and set fire to them, and all the people gathered around
+to see. Nunyunuwi was a great adawehi and knew many secrets, and now as
+the fire came close to him he began to talk, and told them the medicine
+for all kinds of sickness. At midnight he began to sing, and sang the
+hunting songs for calling up the bear and deer and all the animals of
+the woods and mountains.</p>
+<p class="par">As the blaze grew hotter his voice sank lower and lower,
+until at last when the daylight came, the logs were a heap of white
+ashes and the voice was still. Then the medicine-man told them to rake
+off the ashes, and where the body had lain they found only a large lump
+of wadi paint and a magic Ulunsuti stone. He kept the stone for
+himself, and calling the people around him he painted them on the face
+and breast with the red wadi, and whatever each person prayed for while
+the painting was being done, whether for hunting success, for working
+skill, or for long life&mdash;that gift was his. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb180" href="#pb180" name="pb180">180</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Hunter and Dakwa.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">In the old days there was a great fish called the
+Dakwa, which lived in the Tennessee river where Toco creek comes in at
+Dakwai, the &ldquo;Dakwa place,&rdquo; above the mouth of Tellico, and
+which was so large that it could easily swallow a man. Once a canoe
+filled with warriors was crossing over from the town on the other side
+of the river, when the Dakwa suddenly rose up under the boat and threw
+them all into the air. As they came down it swallowed one with a single
+snap of its jaws and dived with him to the bottom of the river.</p>
+<p class="par">As soon as the hunter came to his senses he found that
+he had not been hurt, but it was so hot and close inside the Dakwa that
+he was nearly smothered. As he groped around in the dark his hand
+struck a lot of mussel shells which the fish had swallowed, and taking
+one of these for a knife he began to cut his way out, until soon the
+fish grew uneasy at the scraping inside his stomach and came up to the
+top of the water for air. He kept on cutting until the fish was in such
+pain that it swam this way and that across the stream and thrashed the
+water into foam with its tail. Finally the hole was so large that he
+could look out, and found that the fish was resting in shallow water
+near the shore. The Dakwa soon became so sick from the wound that it
+vomited the hunter out of its mouth, and he with the others made their
+escape to Tellico, but the juices in the stomach of the fish made the
+hair fall from the head of the hunter so that he was bald ever after
+that. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb181" href="#pb181" name=
+"pb181">181</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-ONE.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>Atagahi, The Enchanted Lake.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">(This is the scene of the myth upon which the
+story of Occoneechee is founded.)</p>
+<p class="par">Westward from the headwaters of Oconaluftee river, in
+the wildest depths of the Great Smoky Mountains, which form the line
+between North Carolina and Tennessee, is the enchanted lake of Atagahi,
+&ldquo;Gall place.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Although all of the Cherokee know that it is there, no
+one has ever seen it, for the way is so difficult that only the animals
+know how to reach it. Should a stray hunter come near the place he
+would know of it by the whirring sound of the wings of thousands of
+wild ducks and pigeons flying about the lake, but on reaching the spot
+he would find only a dry flat, without bird or animal or blade of
+grass, unless he had first sharpened his spiritual vision by prayer and
+fasting and an all-night vigil.</p>
+<p class="par">Because the lake is not seen, some people think that the
+lake is dried up long ago, but this is not true. To one that had kept
+watch and fasted all the night it would appear at daybreak as a
+wide-extending, but shallow sheet of pure water, fed by springs
+spouting from the high cliffs around. In the water are all kinds of
+fish and reptiles, and swimming upon the surface or flying overhead are
+great flocks of ducks and pigeons, while all about the shore are bear
+tracks crossing in every direction. It is the medicine lake of the
+birds and animals, and whenever a bear is wounded by the hunter he
+makes his way thru the woods to this lake and plunges into the
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb182" href="#pb182" name=
+"pb182">182</a>]</span>water, and when he comes out upon the other side
+his wounds are healed, and for this reason the animals keep the lake
+invisible to the hunter.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-TWO.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Bride from the South.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">The North went traveling, and after going far and
+meeting many different tribes he finally fell in love with the daughter
+of the South and wanted to marry her. The girl was willing, but her
+parents objected and said, &ldquo;Ever since you came the weather has
+been cold, and if you stay here we will all freeze to death.&rdquo; The
+North pleaded hard, and said if they would let him have their daughter,
+he would take her back to his own country, so at last they
+consented.</p>
+<p class="par">They were married and he took his bride back to his own
+country, and when they arrived there she found the people all living in
+ice houses. The next day, when the sun rose, the houses began to leak,
+and as it climbed higher the houses began to melt, and it grew warmer
+and warmer, until finally the people came to the young husband and told
+him he must send his wife home again, or the weather would get so warm
+that the whole settlement would be melted. He loved his wife and so
+held out as long as he could, but as the sun grew hotter the people
+were more urgent, and at last he had to send her home to her parents,
+but they agreed that she might return once a year for a short season,
+but that she should <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb183" href="#pb183"
+name="pb183">183</a>]</span>never come to live in the North again, for
+as she was reared in the South, that her whole nature was warm and that
+she was unfit to dwell in the North.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-THREE.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Ice Man.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">Once when the people were burning the woods in the
+fall, and the blaze set fire to a poplar tree, which continued to burn
+until the fire went down into the roots and burned a great hole in the
+ground. It burned, and burned, and the hole grew constantly larger,
+until the people became frightened and were afraid that it would burn
+the whole world. They tried to put out the fire, but it had gone too
+deep, and they did not know what to do. At last some one said there was
+a man living in a house of ice far in the north who could put out the
+fire, so messengers were sent, and after traveling a long distance they
+came to the ice house and found the Ice Man at home. He was a little
+fellow with long hair hanging down to the ground in two plaits. The
+messengers told him their errand and he at once said, &ldquo;O yes, I
+can help you,&rdquo; and began to unplait his hair.</p>
+<p class="par">When it was once all unbraided he took it up in one hand
+and struck it once across the other hand, and the messengers felt the
+wind blow against their cheeks. A second time he struck his hair across
+his hand, and a light rain began to fall. The third time he struck his
+hair across his open hand there was sleet mixed with <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb184" href="#pb184" name="pb184">184</a>]</span>the
+rain drops, and when he struck the fourth time great hailstones fell
+upon the ground, as if they had come out from the ends of the hair.
+&ldquo;Go back now,&rdquo; said the Ice Man, &ldquo;and I shall be
+there tomorrow.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">So the messengers returned to their people, whom they
+found still gathered helplessly about the great burning pit. The next
+day while they were all gathered about the fire, there came a wind from
+the north, and they were afraid, for they knew that it came from the
+Ice Man. But the wind only made the fire blaze higher. The light rain
+began to fall, but the drops seemed only to make the fire hotter. Then
+the shower turned to a heavy rain, with sleet and hail that killed the
+blaze and made clouds of smoke and steam rise from the red coals. The
+people fled to their homes for shelter, and the storm rose to a
+whirlwind that drove the rain into every burning crevice and piled
+great hailstones over the embers, until the fire was dead and even the
+smoke ceased. When at last it was all over, and the people returned,
+they found a lake where the burning pit had been, and from below the
+water came a sound as of embers still crackling.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-FOUR.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Hunter and Selu.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">A hunter had been tramping over the mountains all
+day long without finding any game, and when the sun went down, he built
+a fire in a hollow stump, swallowed a few mouthfuls of corn gruel and
+lay down to sleep, tired out and completely discouraged. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb185" href="#pb185" name="pb185">185</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">About the middle of the night he dreamed and seemed to
+hear the sound of beautiful singing, which continued until near
+daybreak, and then appeared to die away in the upper air.</p>
+<p class="par">All the next day he hunted, with the same poor success,
+and at night made his lonely camp in the woods. He slept, and the same
+strange dream came again, but so vividly that it seemed to him like an
+actual happening. Rousing himself before daylight, he still heard the
+same song, and feeling sure now that it was real, he went in the
+direction of the sound and found that it came from a single green stalk
+of corn (selu).</p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e7142width" id="p185-1"><img src=
+"images/p185-1.jpg" alt="French Broad River." width="647" height="486">
+<p class="figureHead">French Broad River.</p>
+<p class="par first">Tahkeyostee, in the Mellow Indian Tongue.</p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e7149width" id="p185-2"><img src=
+"images/p185-2.jpg" alt="Broad River." width="650" height="485">
+<p class="figureHead">Broad River.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Sparkling, gleaming in the sunlight,</p>
+<p class="line">Bursts the water, pure and free.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par">The plant spoke to him, and told him to cut off some of
+its roots and take them to his home in the settlement, and the next
+morning to chew them and &ldquo;go to water&rdquo; before anyone else
+was awake, and then to go out again into the woods, and he would kill
+many deer, and from that time on would always be successful in the
+hunt.</p>
+<p class="par">The corn plant continued to talk, teaching him hunting
+secrets and telling him to be always generous with the game he took,
+until it was noon and the sun was high, when it suddenly took the form
+of a woman and rose gracefully into the air and was gone from sight,
+leaving the hunter alone in the woods. He returned home and told his
+story, and all the people knew that he had seen Selu, the wife of
+Kanati. He did as the spirit had directed, and from that time was noted
+as the most successful of all the hunters in the settlement.
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb186" href="#pb186" name=
+"pb186">186</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-FIVE.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Nunnehi and Other Spirit Folks.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">The Nunnehi or Immortals, the &ldquo;People who
+live everywhere,&rdquo; were a race of spirit people who lived in the
+highlands of the old Cherokee country and had a great many town-houses,
+and especially on the tops of the bald mountains, the high peaks where
+no timber grows.</p>
+<p class="par">They had large town-houses on Pilot Knob, and in
+Nik-Wasi mound, in what is now Macon County, North Carolina, and
+another in Blood Mountain, and at the head of Nottely river in Georgia.
+They were invisible excepting when they wanted to be seen, and they
+looked and spoke just like other Indians. They were very fond of music
+and dancing, and hunters in the mountains would often hear the dance
+songs and the drum-beating in some invisible town-house, but when they
+went toward the sound it would shift about and they would hear it
+behind them or away in some other direction, so that they could never
+find the place where the dance was.</p>
+<p class="par">They were a friendly people, too, and often brought lost
+wanderers to their town-houses under the mountains, and cared for them
+there until they were rested, and guided them back to their homes.
+There was a man who lived in Nottely town who had been with the
+Nunnehi, when he was a boy about twelve years old, and this is the
+story he tells.</p>
+<p class="par">One day, when he was playing near the river, shooting at
+a mark with his bow and arrows, until he became tired, and started to
+build a fish-trap in the water<span class="corr" id="xd23e7181" title=
+"Not in source">.</span> While he was piling up the rocks in two long
+walls, a man came and stood on the bank and asked him what he was
+doing. The man said, &ldquo;Well, that is pretty hard <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb187" href="#pb187" name=
+"pb187">187</a>]</span>work, and you ought to come and rest awhile;
+come and take a walk up the river.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">The boy said, &ldquo;No&rdquo;; that he was going home
+to dinner soon. &ldquo;Come right up to my house,&rdquo; said the
+stranger, &ldquo;and I&rsquo;ll give you a good dinner there, and will
+bring you home again in the morning.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">So the boy went with him up the river until they came to
+a house, when they went in, and the man&rsquo;s wife and the other
+people there were very glad to see him, and gave him a fine dinner, and
+were very kind to him.</p>
+<p class="par">While they were eating, another boy that the boy knew
+very well came in and spoke to him, so that he felt very much at
+home.</p>
+<p class="par">After dinner he played with the other children, and
+slept there that night, and in the morning, after breakfast, the man
+got ready to take him home. They went down a path that had a cornfield
+on one side and a peach orchard on the other, until they came to
+another trail, and the man said, &ldquo;Go along this trail across that
+ridge and you will come to the river road that will bring you straight
+to your home, and now I&rsquo;ll go back to the house.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">So the man went back to the house, and the boy went on
+along the trail, but when he had gone a little distance he looked back,
+and there was no cornfield or orchard or fence or house; nothing but
+trees on the mountainside. He thought it rather queer, but somehow he
+was not frightened, and went on until he came to the river trail in
+sight of his house. There were a great many people standing about
+talking, and when they saw him they ran toward him shouting,
+&ldquo;Here he is! He is not drowned or killed in the mountains!&rdquo;
+They told him that they had been hunting him ever since yesterday noon,
+and asked him where he had been. He told them the story of what had
+happened, and they said there is <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb188"
+href="#pb188" name="pb188">188</a>]</span>no house there, and it was
+the Nunnehi that had you with them.</p>
+<p class="par">Once four Nunnehi women came to dance at Nottely town,
+and danced half of the night with the young men there, and nobody knew
+that they were Nunnehi, but thought them visitors from another
+settlement. About midnight they left to go home, and some men who had
+come out from the town-house to cool off watched to see which way they
+went. They saw the women go down the trail to the river ford, but just
+as they came to the water they disappeared, although it was a plain
+trail, with no place where they could hide. Then the watchers knew that
+they were Nunnehi. At another time a man was crossing over from Nottely
+to Hemptown, in Georgia, and heard a drum and the songs of dancers in
+the hills on one side of the trail. He rode to see who could be dancing
+in such a place, but when he reached the spot the drum and the songs
+were behind him, and he was so frightened that he hurried back to the
+trail and rode all the way to Hemptown as hard as he could to tell the
+story. He was a truthful man and they believed him.</p>
+<p class="par">A long time ago a man got lost in the mountains near the
+head of Oconaluftee river, and it was very cold and his friends thought
+that he must be frozen to death, but he was taken to a cave by the
+Nunnehi and given something to eat, and when the weather was more
+pleasant they conducted him to the main trail and sent him on home to
+the neighbors in the valley below. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb189"
+href="#pb189" name="pb189">189</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-FIVE.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Removed Town-house.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">Long ago, before the Cherokee were driven from
+their homes in 1838, the people on Valley river and Hiwassee heard
+voices of invisible spirits calling them from the skies, and warning
+them of wars and misfortunes which the future held in store, and
+inviting them to come and live with the Nunnehi, the Immortals, in
+their homes under the mountains and under the waters. For days the
+voice hung in the air, and the people listened until they heard the
+voice say, &ldquo;If you would live with us, gather every one in your
+town-house and fast there seven days, and no one must raise a shout or
+a warwhoop in all that time. Do this and we will come and you shall see
+us and we shall take you to live with us.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">The people were afraid of the evils that were to come,
+and they knew that the Immortals of the mountains and of the waters
+were happy forever, so they counciled in their town-house and decided
+to go with them. Those of Anisgayayitown came all together into their
+town-house and prayed and fasted for six days. On the seventh day there
+was a sound from the distant mountains, and it came nearer and grew
+louder until a roar of thunder was all about the town-house and they
+felt the ground shake all around them. Now they were frightened, and
+despite the warning some of them screamed out.</p>
+<p class="par">The Nunnehi, who had already lifted up the town-house
+with its mound to carry it away, were startled by the sound and let a
+part of it fall to the ground, where we now see the mound Setsi.</p>
+<p class="par">They steadied themselves again and bore the rest of the
+town-house, with all the people in it, to the top of <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb190" href="#pb190" name=
+"pb190">190</a>]</span>Tsudayelunyi, near the head of Cheowa, where we
+can still see it, changed long ago to solid rock, but the people are
+invisible and immortal.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-SIX.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Spirit Defenders of Nikwasi.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">Long ago a powerful unknown tribe invaded the
+country from the southeast, killing people and destroying settlements
+wherever they went. No leader could stand against them, and in a little
+while they had wasted all the lower settlements and advanced into the
+mountains. The warriors of the old town of Nikwasi, on the head of
+Little Tennessee, gathered their wives and their children into the
+town-house and kept scouts constantly on the lookout for the presence
+of danger.</p>
+<p class="par">One morning, just before the break of day, the spies saw
+the enemy approaching and at once gave the alarm. The Nikwasi men
+seized their arms and rushed out to meet the attack, but after a long,
+hard fight they found themselves overpowered and began to retreat, when
+suddenly a stranger stood among them and shouted to the chief to call
+off his men and he himself would drive the enemy back. From the dress
+and the language of the stranger the Nikwasi people thought him a chief
+who had come with reinforcements from Overhill settlements in
+Tennessee. They fell back along the trail, and as they came near the
+town-house they saw a great company of warriors coming out from the
+side of the mound as from an open doorway. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb191" href="#pb191" name="pb191">191</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Then they knew that their friends were the Nunnehi, the
+Immortals, although no one had ever heard that they lived under Nikwasi
+mound. The Nunnehi poured out by hundreds, armed and painted for the
+fight, and the most curious part of it all was that they became
+invisible as soon as they were fairly outside of the settlement, so
+that although the enemy saw the glancing arrow or the rushing tomahawk,
+and felt the stroke, he could not see who sent it.</p>
+<p class="par">Before such an invisible foe the invaders had to
+retreat, going first south along the ridge to where joins the main
+ridge, which separates Tah-kee-os-tee (French Broad) from the
+Tuckaseigee, and then turning with it to the northeast. As they
+retreated they tried to shield themselves behind rocks and trees, but
+the Nunnehi arrows went around them and killed them from the other
+side, and they could find no hiding place.</p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e7237width" id="p191-1"><img src=
+"images/p191-1.jpg" alt="From the Toxaway." width="645" height="481">
+<p class="figureHead">From the Toxaway.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Lies the famous vale of flowers,</p>
+<p class="line">Splendid valley of pink beds.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e7251width" id="p191-2"><img src=
+"images/p191-2.jpg" alt="Chimney Top Gap." width="649" height="489">
+<p class="figureHead">Chimney Top Gap.</p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par">All along the ridge they fell, until when they reached
+the head of Tuckaseigee not more than half a dozen were left alive, and
+in their despair they sat down and cried out for mercy. The Nunnehi
+chief told them that they deserved their punishment for attacking a
+peaceful tribe, and he spared their lives and told them to go home and
+tell their people. It was the custom of the Indians to spare some to
+carry the news of battle and defeat. Then the Nunnehi went back to the
+mound, and have been there ever since.</p>
+<p class="par">They are there now, for when a strong army of Federal
+troops came to surprise a handful of Confederates in the last war, they
+saw so many soldiers guarding the town that they were afraid and went
+away without making an attack. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb192"
+href="#pb192" name="pb192">192</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-SEVEN.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>Kanasta, the Lost Settlement.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">Long ago, while the people still lived in the old
+town of Kanasta, on <span class="corr" id="xd23e7268" title=
+"Source: Toh-kee-os-tee">Tah-kee-os-tee</span>, (French Broad) two
+strangers, who looked in no way different from the other Cherokee, came
+into the settlement one day and made their way into the chief&rsquo;s
+house.</p>
+<p class="par">After the first greetings were over, the chief asked
+them from what town they came, thinking they were from one of the
+western settlements, but they said, &ldquo;We are of your people and
+our town is close at hand, but you have never seen it. Here you have
+wars and sickness, with enemies on every side, and after awhile a
+stronger enemy will come and take your country from you. We are always
+happy, and we have come to invite you to live with us in our town over
+there,&rdquo; and they pointed toward Tsuwatelda (Pilot Knob).
+<span class="corr" id="xd23e7273" title=
+"Not in source">&ldquo;</span>We do not live forever, and do not always
+find game when we go for it, for game belongs to Tsulkalu, who lives in
+Tsunegunyi, but we have peace always and do not think of danger. We go
+now, but if your people will live with us, let them fast seven days and
+we will come then and take them.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Then they went away toward the west. The chief called
+the people together into the town-house, and they held a council over
+the matter and decided at last to go with the strangers. They got all
+of their property ready for moving, and then went again into the
+town-house and began their fast. They fasted six days and on the
+morning of the seventh, before yet the sun was high, they saw a great
+company coming along the trail from the west, led by the two men who
+had stopped <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb193" href="#pb193" name=
+"pb193">193</a>]</span>with the chief. They seemed just like Cherokee
+from another settlement, and after a friendly meeting they took up a
+part of the goods to be carried, and the two parties started back
+together for Tsuwatelda.</p>
+<p class="par">There was one man visiting at Kanasta, and he went along
+with them. When they came to the mountain the two guides led the way
+into a cave, which opened out like a great door in the side of the
+rock. Inside they found an open country and a town, with houses ranged
+in two long rows from east to west. The mountain people lived in the
+houses on the south side, and they had made ready the other houses for
+the newcomers, but even after the people of Kanasta, with their
+children and their belongings, had moved in, there were still a large
+number of houses waiting ready for the next who might come. The
+mountain people told them that there was another town of a different
+people, above them in another mountain, and still farther above, at the
+very top, lived the Ani-Hyuntikwalaski (the Thunders).</p>
+<p class="par">Now all the people of Kanasta were settled in their new
+homes, but the man who had only been visiting with them wanted to go
+back to his own friends. Some of the mountain people wanted to prevent
+this, but the chief said, &ldquo;No, let him go if he will, and when he
+tells his friends they may want to come, too. There is plenty of room
+for all.&rdquo; Then he said to the man, &ldquo;Go back and tell your
+friends that if they want to come and live with us and always be happy,
+there is a place here ready and waiting for them. Others of us live in
+Datsunalasgunyi and in the high mountains all around, and if they would
+rather go to any of them, it will be all the same. We see you wherever
+you go, and are with you in all of your dances, but you cannot see us
+unless you fast. If you want to see us, fast four days, and we will
+come <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb194" href="#pb194" name=
+"pb194">194</a>]</span>and talk with you; and then if you want to live
+with us, fast again seven days, and we will come and take you.&rdquo;
+Then the chief led the man through the cave to the outside of the
+mountain and left him there, but when the man looked back he saw no
+cave, but only the solid rock. The people of the Lost Settlement were
+never seen again and they are still living in Tauwatelda. Strange
+things happen there, so that the Cherokee know that the mountain is
+haunted and do not like to go near it. Only a few years ago a party of
+hunters camped there, and as they sat around their fire at supper time
+they talked of the story and made rough jokes of the people of old
+Kanasta. That night they were aroused from sleep by a noise as of
+stones thrown at them from among the trees, but when they searched they
+could find nobody, and were so frightened that they gathered up their
+guns and pouches and left the place.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-EIGHT.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>Hemp-Carrier.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">On the southern slope of the ridge, along the
+trail from Robbinsville to Valley river, in Cherokee County, North
+Carolina, are the remains of a number of stone cairns. The piles are
+level now, but fifty years ago the stones were still heaped up in
+pyramids, to which every Cherokee who passed added a stone. According
+to the tradition these piles marked the graves of a number of women and
+children of the tribe who were surprised and killed on the spot by a
+raiding party of Iroquois shortly before <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb195" href="#pb195" name="pb195">195</a>]</span>the final peace
+between the two nations. As soon as the news was brought to the
+settlement on Hiwassee and Cheowa, a party was made under
+Taletanigiski, &ldquo;Hemp-Carrier,&rdquo; to follow and take vengeance
+on the enemy.</p>
+<p class="par">Among others of the party was the father of the noted
+chief, Tsunulahunski, or Junaluska, who (Junaluska) died in about the
+year 1855, who was also the chief and hero of the battle of Horseshoe
+Bend. For days they followed the trail of the Iroquois across the Great
+Smoky Mountains, thru forests and over rivers, until finally they
+tracked them to their very town in the far Seneca country.</p>
+<p class="par">On the way they met another war party headed for the
+south, and the Cherokee killed them all and took their scalps.</p>
+<p class="par">When they came near the Seneca town it was almost night,
+and they heard shouts in the town-house, where the women were dancing
+over the fresh scalps of the Cherokee. The avengers hid themselves near
+the spring, and as the dancers came down to drink, the Cherokee
+silently killed one and another until they had counted as many scalps
+as had been taken on Cheowa, and still the dancers in the town-house
+never thought that enemies were near. Then said the Cherokee leader,
+&ldquo;We have covered the scalps of our women and children. Shall we
+go home now like cowards, or shall we raise the warwhoop and let the
+Seneca know that we are men?&rdquo; &ldquo;Let them come if they
+will,&rdquo; said the men, and they raised the scalp yell of the
+Cherokees.</p>
+<p class="par">At once there was an answering shout from the
+town-house, and the dance came to a sudden close. The Seneca swarmed
+out with ready gun and hatchet, but the nimble Cherokee were off and
+away. There was a hot pursuit in the darkness, but the Cherokee knew
+the trails <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb196" href="#pb196" name=
+"pb196">196</a>]</span>and were light and active runners, and managed
+to get away with the loss of only one man. The rest got home safely,
+and the people were so well pleased with Hemp-Carrier&rsquo;s bravery
+and success that they gave him seven wives. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb197" href="#pb197" name="pb197">197</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="pt4" class="div0 part">
+<h2 class="label">PART IV</h2>
+<h2 class="main">GLOSSARY OF CHEROKEE WORDS</h2>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb199" href="#pb199" name=
+"pb199">199</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="div1 glossary"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h2 class="main">GLOSSARY OF CHEROKEE WORDS.</h2>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">The Cherokee language has the continental vowel
+sounds a, e, i, and u, but lacks o, which is replaced by a deep a. The
+obscure or short u is frequently nasalized, but the nasal sound is
+seldom heard at the end of a word. The only labial is m, which occurs
+in probably not more than half a dozen words in the Upper and Middle
+dialects, and is entirely absent from the Lower dialect, in which w
+takes its place. The characteristic l of the Upper and Middle dialects
+becomes r in the Lower, but no dialect has both sounds of these
+letters, but g and d are medials, approximating the sounds of k and t
+respectively. A frequent double consonant is ts, commonly rendered ch
+by the old traders.</p>
+<div class="table">
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft cellTop">a</td>
+<td class="cellRight cellTop">as in far.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">&#259;</td>
+<td class="cellRight">as in what, or obscure as in showman.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">&agrave;</td>
+<td class="cellRight">as in law, all.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">d</td>
+<td class="cellRight">medial (semisonant), approximating t.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">e</td>
+<td class="cellRight">as in they.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">&#277;</td>
+<td class="cellRight">as in net.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">g</td>
+<td class="cellRight">medial (semisonant), approximating k.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">h</td>
+<td class="cellRight">as in hat.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">i</td>
+<td class="cellRight">as in pique.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">&#301;</td>
+<td class="cellRight">as in pick.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">k</td>
+<td class="cellRight">as in kick.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">l</td>
+<td class="cellRight">as in lull.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">&#699;l</td>
+<td class="cellRight">surd l (sometimes written hl), nearly the Welsh
+ll.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">m</td>
+<td class="cellRight">as in man.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">n</td>
+<td class="cellRight">as in not.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">r</td>
+<td class="cellRight">takes place of 1 in Lower dialect.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">s</td>
+<td class="cellRight">as in sin.<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb200"
+href="#pb200" name="pb200">200</a>]</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">t</td>
+<td class="cellRight">as in top.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">u</td>
+<td class="cellRight">as in rule.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft"><span class="corr" id="xd23e7418" title=
+"Source: u">&ucirc;</span></td>
+<td class="cellRight">as in cut.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">&ucirc;&ntilde;</td>
+<td class="cellRight">&ucirc; nasalized.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">w</td>
+<td class="cellRight">as in wit.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">y</td>
+<td class="cellRight">as in you.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft cellBottom">&prime;</td>
+<td class="cellRight cellBottom">a slight aspirate, sometimes
+indicating the omission of a vowel.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par">A number of English words, with cross references, have
+been introduced into the glossary.</p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e7448width" id="p197"><img src="images/p197.jpg"
+alt="Chimney Rock." width="464" height="720">
+<p class="figureHead">Chimney Rock.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Like a monolith it rises</p>
+<p class="line">To a grand majestic height.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par">ada&#699;lanun&#699;sti&mdash;a staff or cane.</p>
+<p class="par">adan&#699;ta&mdash;soul.</p>
+<p class="par">ada&#699;wehi&mdash;a magician or supernatural
+being.</p>
+<p class="par">ada&#699;wehi&#699;yu&mdash;a very great magician;
+intensive form of ada&#699;wehi.</p>
+<p class="par">a&#699;gana&mdash;groundhog.</p>
+<p class="par">
+A&#699;gansta&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;groundhog-sausage,&rdquo; from
+a&#699;gana, ground-hog, and tsista&#699;u, &ldquo;I am pounding
+it,&rdquo; understood to refer to pounding meat, etc., in a mortar,
+after having first crisped it before the fire. A war chief, noted in
+the Cherokee war of 1760, and prominent until about the close of the
+Revolution, known to the whites as Oconostota. Also the Cherokee name
+for Colonel Gideon Morgan of the war of 1812, for Washington Morgan,
+his son, of the Civil war, and now for a full-blood upon the
+reservation, known to the whites as Morgan Calhoun.</p>
+<p class="par">A&#699;gan-uni&#699;tsi&mdash;&ldquo;Ground-hog&rsquo;s
+mother,&rdquo; from a&#699;gana and uni&#699;tsi, their mother, plural
+of utsi&#699;, his mother (etsi&#699;, agitsi&#699;, my mother). The
+Cherokee name of the Shawano captive, who, according to tradition,
+killed the great Uktena serpent and procured the Ulunsu&#699;ti.
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb201" href="#pb201" name=
+"pb201">201</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Agawe&#699;la&mdash;&ldquo;Old Woman,&rdquo; a
+formulistic name for corn or the spirit corn.</p>
+<p class="par">agayun&#699;li&mdash;for agayunlige, old, ancient.</p>
+<p class="par">agida&#699;ta&mdash;see eda&#699;ta.</p>
+<p class="par">agidutu&mdash;see edu&#699;tu.</p>
+<p class="par">Agi&prime;li&mdash;&ldquo;He is rising,&rdquo; possibly
+a contraction of an old personal name. Agin&#699;-agi&prime;li,
+&ldquo;Rising-fawn.&rdquo; Major George Lawrey, cousin of Sequoya, and
+assistant chief of the Cherokee Nation about 1840. Stanley incorrectly
+makes it &ldquo;Keeth-la, or Dog&rdquo; for gi&prime;li&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">agin&#699;si&mdash;see eni&#699;si.</p>
+<p class="par">agi&#699;si&mdash;female, applied usually to
+quadrupeds.</p>
+<p class="par">Agis&#699;-e&#699;gwa&mdash;&ldquo;Great Female,&rdquo;
+possibly &ldquo;Great Doe.&rdquo; A being, probably an animal god
+invoked in the sacred formulas.</p>
+<p class="par">agitsi&#699;&mdash;see etsi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Agitsta&prime;ti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where they stayed
+up all night,&rdquo; from tsigitsun&#699;tihu, &ldquo;I stay up all
+night.&rdquo; A place in the Great Smoky range about the head of Noland
+creek, in Swain County, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Aguaquiri&mdash;see Guaquili.</p>
+<p class="par">Ahalu&#699;na&mdash;&ldquo;Ambush,&rdquo;
+Ahalunun&#699;yi, &ldquo;Ambush place,&rdquo; or Uni&#699;halu&#699;na,
+&ldquo;where they ambushed,&rdquo; from akalu&#699;ga, &ldquo;I am
+watching.&rdquo; Soco gap, at the head of Soco creek, on the line
+between Swain and Haywood counties, N. C. The name is also applied to
+the lookout station for deer hunters.</p>
+<p class="par">ahanu&#699;lahi&mdash;&ldquo;he is bearded,&rdquo; from
+ahanu&#699;lahu, a beard.</p>
+<p class="par">Ahu&#699;lude&#699;gi&mdash;&ldquo;He throws away the
+drum&rdquo; (habitual), from ahu&#699;li, drum, and akwade&#699;gu,
+&ldquo;I am throwing it away&rdquo; (round object). The Cherokee name
+of John Jolly, a noted chief and adopted father of Samuel Houston,
+about 1800. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb202" href="#pb202" name=
+"pb202">202</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">ahyeli&#699;ski&mdash;a mocker or mimic.</p>
+<p class="par">akta&#699;&mdash;eye; plural, dikta&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">akta&#699;ti&mdash;a telescope or field glass. The name
+denotes something with which to examine or look into closely, from
+akta&#699;, eye.</p>
+<p class="par"><span class="corr" id="xd23e7514" title=
+"Source: akwandu&rsquo;li">akwandu&#699;li</span>&mdash;a song form for
+akwidu&#699;li (-hu,) &ldquo;I want it.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Akwan&prime;ki&mdash;see Anakwan&#699;ki.</p>
+<p class="par">Akwe&prime;ti&#699;yi&mdash;a location on Tuckasegee
+river, in Jackson county, North Carolina; the meaning of the name is
+lost.</p>
+<p class="par">Alarka&mdash;see Yalagi.</p>
+<p class="par">aliga&#699;&mdash;the red-horse fish (<i lang=
+"la">Moxostoma</i>).</p>
+<p class="par">Alkini&#699;&mdash;the last woman known to be of Natchez
+decent and peculiarity among the East Cherokee; died about 1890. The
+name has no apparent meaning.</p>
+<p class="par">ama&#699;&mdash;water; in the Lower dialect, awa&#699;;
+cf. a&#699;ma salt.</p>
+<p class="par">amaye&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;dwelling in the water,&rdquo;
+from ama&#699; (ama&#699;yi, &ldquo;in the water&rdquo;) and ehu&#699;,
+&ldquo;I dwell,&rdquo; &ldquo;I live.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Amaye&prime;l-e&#699;gwa&mdash;&ldquo;Great
+island,&rdquo; from amaye&prime;li, island (from ama&#699;, water, and
+aye&prime;li, &ldquo;in the middle&rdquo;) and e&#699;gwa, great. A
+former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river, at Big island, a
+short distance below the mouth of Tellico, in Monroe county, Tenn.
+Timberlake writes it Mialaquo, while Bartram spells it Nilaque. Not to
+be confounded with Long-Island town below Chattanooga.</p>
+<p class="par">
+Amaye&prime;li-gunahi&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;Long-island,&rdquo; from
+amaye&prime;li, island, and gunahi&#699;ta, long. A former Cherokee
+settlement, known to the whites as Long-Island town, at the Long-island
+in Tennessee river, on the Tennessee-Georgia line. It was one of the
+Chickamauga towns (see Tsikama&#699;gi). <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb203" href="#pb203" name="pb203">203</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">ama&#699;yine&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;dwellers in the
+water,&rdquo; plural of amaye&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Anada&#699;duntaski&mdash;&ldquo;roasters,&rdquo; i. e.,
+cannibals; from gun&#699;tasku&#699;. &ldquo;I am putting it (round)
+into the fire to roast.&rdquo; The regular word for cannibals is
+Yun&#699;wini&#699;giski, q. v.</p>
+<p class="par">anagahun&#699;unsku&#699;&mdash;the green-corn dance;
+literally, &ldquo;they are having a green-corn dance&rdquo;; the
+popular name is not a translation of the Cherokee word, which has no
+reference either to corn or dancing.</p>
+<p class="par">Anakwan&prime;ki&mdash;the Delaware Indians; singular
+Akwan&prime;ki, a Cherokee attempt at Wapanaqki,
+&ldquo;Easterners,&rdquo; the Algonquian name by which, in various
+corrupted forms, the Delawares are commonly known to the western
+tribes.</p>
+<p class="par">Anantooeah&mdash;see Ani&#699;Nun&#699;dawe&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">a&prime;ne&#699;tsa, or <span class="corr" id=
+"xd23e7552" title=
+"Source: a&prime;netsa&#699;gi">anetsa&#699;gi</span>&mdash;the
+ball-play.</p>
+<p class="par">a&prime;netsa&#699;unski&mdash;a ball-player; literally,
+&ldquo;a lover of the ball-play.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">ani&#699;&mdash;a tribal and animate prefix.</p>
+<p class="par">ani&#699;da&#699;wehi&mdash;plural of ada&#699;wehi.</p>
+<p class="par">a&#699;niganti&#699;ski&mdash;see dagan&prime;tu.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;Gatage&#699;wi&mdash;one of the seven Cherokee
+clans. The name has now no meaning, but has been absurdly rendered
+&ldquo;Blind savana,&rdquo; from an incorrect idea that it is derived
+from Iga&#699;ti, a swamp or savanna, and dige&#699;wi, blind.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani-Gila&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Long-haired people,&rdquo;
+one of the seven Cherokee clans; singular, Agila&#699;hi. The word
+comes from agila&#699;hi (perhaps connected with afi&prime;lge-ni,
+&ldquo;the back of (his) neck&rdquo;), an archaic term denoting wearing
+the hair long or flowing loosely, and usually recognized as applying
+more particularly to a woman. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb204"
+href="#pb204" name="pb204">204</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Gili&#699;&mdash;a problematic tribe, possibly
+the Congaree. The name is not connected with gi&#699;li&#699;, dog.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Gusa&mdash;see Ani&#699;Ku&#699;sa.</p>
+<p class="par">a&#699;nigwa&mdash;soon after; dine&#699;tlana
+a&#699;nigwa, &ldquo;soon after the creation.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Hyun&#699;tikwala&#699;ski&mdash;&ldquo;The
+Thunders,&rdquo; i. e., thunder, which in Cherokee belief, is
+controlled and caused by a family of supernaturals. The word has
+reference to making a rolling sound; cf. tikwale&#699;lu, a wheel,
+hence a wagon; ama&#699;-tikwalelunyi, &ldquo;rolling water
+place,&rdquo; applied to a cascade where the water falls along the
+surface of the rock; ahyun&#699;tikwala&#699;stihu&#699;, &ldquo;it is
+thundering,&rdquo; applied to the roar of a railroad train or
+waterfall.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Kawi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Deer people,&rdquo;
+one of the seven Cherokee clans; the regular form for deer is
+a&prime;wi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Kawi&#699;ta&mdash;the Lower Creeks, from
+Kawi&#699;ta or Coweta, their former principal town on Chattahoochee
+river near the present Columbus, Ga.; the Upper Creeks on the head
+streams of Alabama river were distinguished as Ani&#699;-Ku&#699;sa (q.
+v.) A small creek of Little Tennessee river above Franklin, in Macon
+county, N. C., is now known as Coweeta creek.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Kitu&#699;hwagi&mdash;&ldquo;Kitu&#699;hwa
+people,&rdquo; from Kitu&#699;hwa (q. v.), an ancient Cherokee
+settlement.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Ku&#699;sa or Ani&#699;-Gu&#699;sa&mdash;the
+Creek Indians, particularly the Upper Creeks on the waters of Alabama
+river; singular A&#699;Ku&#699;sa or Coosa (Spanish, Coca, Cossa) their
+principal ancient town.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Kuta&#699;ni (also Ani&#699;-Kwata&#699;ni, or
+incorrectly, Nicotani)&mdash;traditional Cherokee priestly society or
+clan exterminated in a popular uprising. <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb205" href="#pb205" name="pb205">205</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">anina&#699;hilidahi&mdash;&ldquo;creatures that fly
+about,&rdquo; from tsinai&#699;li, &ldquo;I am flying,<span class=
+"corr" id="xd23e7591" title="Source: &rsquo;&rdquo;">&rdquo;</span>
+tsina&#699;ilida&#699;hu, &ldquo;I am flying about.&rdquo; The generic
+term for birds and flying insects.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Na&prime;tsi&mdash;abbreviated Anintsi,
+singular A-Na&prime;tsi. The Natchez Indians. From coincidence with
+na&#699;tsi, pine, the name has been incorrectly rendered &ldquo;Pine
+Indians,&rdquo; whereas it is really a Cherokee plural name of the
+Natchez.</p>
+<p class="par">Anin&#699;tsi&mdash;see Ani&#699;Na&prime;tsi.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;Nundawe&#699;gi&mdash;singular,
+Nun&#699;dawe&#699;gi; the Iroquois, more particularly the Seneca, from
+Nundawao, the name by which the Seneca call themselves. Adair spells it
+Anantooeah. The tribe was also known as Ani&#699;-Se&#699;nika.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Saha&#699;ni&mdash;one of the seven Cherokee
+clans; possibly an archaic form for &ldquo;Blue people,&rdquo; from
+sa&prime;ka&#699;ni, sa&#699;ka&#699;nige&#699;i, blue.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Sa&#699;ni, Ani&#699;-Sawaha&#699;ni&mdash;see
+Ani&#699;-Sawanu&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Sawanu&#699;gi (singular
+Sawanu&#699;gi)&mdash;the Shawano Indians. Ani&#699;-sa&#699;ni and
+Ani&#699;-Sawaha&#699;ni may be the same.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Se&#699;nika&mdash;see
+Ani&#699;Nundawe&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Anisga&#699;ya Tsunsdi&#699; (ga)&mdash;&ldquo;The
+Little Men&rdquo;; the Thunder Boys in Cherokee mythology.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-sgayaiyi&mdash;&ldquo;Men town&rdquo; (?), a
+traditional Cherokee settlement on Valley river, in Cherokee county,
+North Carolina.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;sgi&#699;na&mdash;plural of asgi&#699;na, q.
+v.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Skala&#699;li&mdash;the Tuscarora Indian;
+singular, Skala&#699;li or A-Skala&#699;li.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;skwa&#699;ni&mdash;Spaniards; singular,
+Askwa&#699;ni.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Suwa&#699;li&mdash;or
+Ani&#699;-Swqa&#699;la&mdash;the Suala, Sara or Cheraw Indians,
+formerly about the headwaters <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb206"
+href="#pb206" name="pb206">206</a>]</span>of Broad river, North
+Carolina, the Xuala province of the De Soto chronicle, and Joara or
+Juada of the later Pardo narrative.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;ta&#699;gwa&mdash;the Catawba Indians;
+singular, Ata&#699;gwa or Tagwa.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Tsa&#699;guhi&mdash;the Cherokee clan,
+transformed to bears according to tradition. Swimmer&rsquo;s daughter
+bears the name Tsaguhi, which is not recognized as distinctively
+belonging to either sex.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Tsa&#699;lagi&#699;&mdash;the Cherokee.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Tsa&prime;ta&mdash;the Choctaw Indians;
+singular, Tsa&prime;ta.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Tsi&#699;ksu&mdash;the Chickasaw Indians;
+singular, Tsi&#699;ksu.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Tsi&#699;skwa&mdash;&ldquo;Bird people&rdquo;;
+one of the seven Cherokee clans.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Tsu&#699;tsa&mdash;&ldquo;The Boys,&rdquo;
+from atsu&#699;tsa, boy; the Pleiades.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Wa&#699;di&mdash;&ldquo;Paint people&rdquo;;
+one of the seven Cherokee clans.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Wa&prime;dihi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Place of the
+Paint people or clan&rdquo;; Paint town, a Cherokee settlement on lower
+Soco creek, within the reservation in Jackson and Swain counties, North
+Carolina. It takes its name from the Ani&#699;-Wa&#699;di or Paint
+clan.</p>
+<p class="par">ani&#699;wani&#699;ski&mdash;the bugle weed, <i lang=
+"la">Lycopus virginicus</i>; literally, &ldquo;the talk&rdquo; or
+&ldquo;talkers,&rdquo; from tsiwa&#699;nihu, &ldquo;I am
+talking,&rdquo; awaniski, &ldquo;he talks habitually.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Wasa&#699;si&mdash;the Osage Indians;
+singular, Wasa&#699;si.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Wa&#699;ya&mdash;&ldquo;Wolf people&rdquo;;
+the most important of the seven clans of the Cherokee.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Yun&#699;wiya&#699;&mdash;Indians,
+particularly Cherokee Indians; literally &ldquo;principal or real
+people,&rdquo; from yunwi, person, ya, a suffix implying principal or
+real, and ani&#699;, the tribal prefix.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Yu&#699;tsi&mdash;the Yuchi or Uchee Indians;
+singular, Yu&#699;tsi. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb207" href=
+"#pb207" name="pb207">207</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Annie Ax&mdash;see Sadayi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Aquone&mdash;a post-office on Nantahala river, in Mason
+county, North Carolina, site of the former Fort Scott. Probably a
+corruption of egwani, river.</p>
+<p class="par">Arch, John&mdash;see Atsi.</p>
+<p class="par">Asa&#699;gwalihu&#699;&mdash;a pack or burden;
+asa&#699;gwal lu&#699;, or asa&#699;gwi li&#699;, &ldquo;there is a
+pack on him.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">asehi&#699;&mdash;surely.</p>
+<p class="par">Ase&#699;nika&mdash;singular of
+Ani&#699;-Se&#699;nika.</p>
+<p class="par">asga&#699;ya&mdash;man.</p>
+<p class="par">asga&#699;ya Gi&#699;gagei&mdash;the &ldquo;Red
+Man&rdquo;; the Lightning spirit.</p>
+<p class="par">asgi&#699;na&mdash;a ghost, either human or animal; from
+the fact that ghosts are commonly supposed to be malevolent, the name
+is frequently rendered &ldquo;devil.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Asheville&mdash;see Kasdu&#699;yi and
+Unta&#699;kiyasti&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">asi&mdash;the sweat lodge and occasional winter sleeping
+apartment of the Cherokee and other southern tribes. It was a low built
+structure of logs covered with earth and from its closeness and the
+fire usually kept smoldering within was known to the old traders as the
+&ldquo;hot house.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">asiyu&#699; (abbreviated siyu&#699;)&mdash;good; the
+common Cherokee salute; ga&#699;siyu&#699;, &ldquo;I am good&rdquo;;
+hasiyu&#699;, &ldquo;thou art good&rdquo;; a&#699;siyu, &ldquo;he (it)
+is good&rdquo;; astu, &ldquo;very good.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Askwa&#699;ni&mdash;a Spaniard. See
+Ani&#699;skwa&#699;ni.</p>
+<p class="par">astu&#699;&mdash;very good; astu tsiki&#699;, very good,
+best of all.</p>
+<p class="par">Astu&#699;gata&#699;ga&mdash;A Cherokee lieutenant in
+the Confederate service killed in 1862. The name may be rendered,
+&ldquo;Standing in the doorway,&rdquo; but implies that the man himself
+is the door or shutter; it has no first person; gata&#699;ga, &ldquo;he
+is standing&rdquo;; stuti, a door or shutter; stuhu, a closed door or
+passage; stugi&#699;sti, a key, i. e., something with which to open the
+door. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb208" href="#pb208" name=
+"pb208">208</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">asun&#699;tli, asuntlun&#699;yu&mdash;a footlog or
+bridge; literally, &ldquo;log lying across,&rdquo; from asi&#699;ta,
+log.</p>
+<p class="par">ata&#699;&mdash;wood; ata&#699;ya, &ldquo;principal
+wood,&rdquo; i. e., oak; cf. Muscogee iti, wood.</p>
+<p class="par">Ata&#699;-gul kalu&#699;&mdash;a noted Cherokee chief,
+recognized by the British government as the head chief or
+&ldquo;emperor&rdquo; of the Nation, about 1760 and later, and commonly
+known to the whites as the Little Carpenter (Little Cornplanter, by
+mistake, in Haywood). The name is frequently spelled Atta-kulla-kulla,
+Ata-kullakulla or Ata-culculla. It may be rendered &ldquo;Leaning
+wood,&rdquo; from ata&#699;, &ldquo;Wood&rdquo; and gul kalu, a verb
+implying that something long is leaning, without sufficient support,
+against some other object; it has no first person form. Bartram
+describes him as &ldquo;A man of remarkably small stature, slender and
+of a delicate frame, the only instance I saw in the Nation; but he is a
+man of superior abilities.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Ata&#699;gwa&mdash;a Catawba Indian.</p>
+<p class="par">Atahi&#699;ta&mdash;abbreviated from Atahitun&#699;yi,
+&ldquo;Place where they shouted,&rdquo; from gata&#699;hiu&#699;,
+&ldquo;I shout,&rdquo; and yi, locative. Waya gap, on the ridge west of
+Franklin, Macon county, North Carolina. The map name is probably from
+the Cherokee wa ya, wolf.</p>
+<p class="par">Ata-Kullakulla&mdash;see Ata&#699;-gul kalu&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">a&#699;tali&mdash;mountain; in the Lower dialect
+a&#699;tari, whence the &ldquo;Ottare&rdquo; or Upper Cherokee of
+Adair. The form a&#699;tali is used only in composition; and mountain
+in situ is atalunyi or gatu&#699;si.</p>
+<p class="par">a&#699;tali-guli&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;it climbs the
+mountain,&rdquo; i. e., &ldquo;mountain-climber&rdquo;; the ginseng
+plant, <i lang="la">Ginseng quinquefolium</i>; from a&#699;tali,
+mountain, and guli&#699;, &ldquo;it climbs&rdquo; (habitually);
+tsilahi&#699; or tsili&#699;, &ldquo;I am <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb209" href="#pb209" name="pb209">209</a>]</span>climbing.&rdquo; Also
+called in the sacred formulas, Yun&#699;wi Usdi&#699;, &ldquo;Little
+man.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Atala&#699;nuwa&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Tla&#699;nuwa
+hole&rdquo;; the Cherokee name of Chattanooga, Tennessee (see
+tsatanu&#699;gi); originally applied to a bluff on the south side of
+the Tennessee river, at the foot of the present Market street.</p>
+<p class="par">a&#699;talulu&#699;&mdash;unfinished, premature,
+unsuccessful; whence utalu&#699;li, &ldquo;it is not yet
+time.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Ata&#699;lunti&#699;ski&mdash;a chief of the Arkansas
+Cherokee about 1818, who had originally emigrated from Tennessee. The
+name, commonly spelled Tollunteeskee, Taluntiski, Tallotiskee,
+Tallotuskee, etc., denotes one who throws some living object from a
+place, as an enemy from a precipice.</p>
+<p class="par">A&#699;tari&mdash;see a&#699;tali.</p>
+<p class="par">atasi&#699; (or atasa&#699;, in a dialectic
+form)&mdash;a war-club.</p>
+<p class="par">atatsun&#699;ski&mdash;stinging; literally, &ldquo;he
+stings&rdquo; (habitually).</p>
+<p class="par">A&#699;tsi&mdash;the Cherokee name of John Arch, one of
+the earliest native writers in the Sequoya characters. The word is
+simply an attempt at the English name Arch.</p>
+<p class="par">atsi&#699;la&mdash;fire; in the Lower dialect,
+atsi&#699;ra.</p>
+<p class="par">Atsi&#699;la-wa&#699;i&mdash;&ldquo;Fire&mdash;&rdquo;;
+a mountain sometimes known as Rattlesnake knob, about two miles
+northeast of Cherokee, Swain county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">
+Atsil&#699;-dihye&#699;gi&mdash;&ldquo;Fire-Carrier&rdquo;; apparently
+the Cherokee name for the will-of-the-wisp. As is usually the case in
+the Cherokee compounds, the verbal form is plural (&ldquo;it carries
+fire&rdquo;); the singular form is ahye&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Atsil&#699;-sunti (abbreviated
+tsil&#699;-sunti)&mdash;fleabane (<i lang="la">Erigeron canadense</i>);
+the name signifies &ldquo;material with which to make fire,&rdquo; from
+atsi&#699;la, fire, and gasunti, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb210"
+href="#pb210" name="pb210">210</a>]</span>gatsunti or gatlunti<a id=
+"xd23e7738" name="xd23e7738"></a>, material with which to make
+something, from fasun&#699;sku (or gatlun&#699;sku), &ldquo;I make
+it.&rdquo; The plant is also called ihya&#699;ga.</p>
+<p class="par">
+atsil&#699;-tluntu&#699;tsi&mdash;&ldquo;fire-panther.&rdquo; A meteor
+or comet.</p>
+<p class="par">A&#699;tsina&#699;&mdash;cedar.</p>
+<p class="par">A&#699;tsina&#699;-k ta&#699;um&mdash;&ldquo;Hanging
+cedar place&rdquo;; from a&#699;tsina&#699;, cedar, and k ta&#699;un,
+&ldquo;where it (long) hangs down&rdquo;; a Cherokee name for the old
+Taskigi town on the Little Tennessee river in Monroe county, Tenn.</p>
+<p class="par">Atsi&#699;ra&mdash;see atsi&#699;la.</p>
+<p class="par">Atsun&#699;sta ti&#699;yi (abbreviated Atsun&#699;sta
+ti)&mdash;&ldquo;Fire-light place,&rdquo; referring to the
+&ldquo;fire-hunting&rdquo; method of killing deer in the river at
+night. The proper form for Chestatee river, near Dahlonega, in Lumpkin
+county, Ga.</p>
+<p class="par">Attakullakulla&mdash;see Ata-gul kalu&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">awa&#699;&mdash;see ama&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">awa&#699;hili&mdash;eagle; particularly <i lang=
+"la">Aquila Chrysaetus</i>, distinguished as the
+&ldquo;pretty-feathered eagle.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">awi&#699;&mdash;deer; also sometimes written and
+pronounced ahawi&#699;; the name is sometimes applied to the large
+horned beetle, the flying stag of early writers.</p>
+<p class="par">awi&#699;-ahanu&#699;lahi&mdash;goat; literally
+&ldquo;bearded deer.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">awi&#699;-ahyeli&#699;ski&mdash;&ldquo;deer
+mocker&rdquo;; the deer bleat, a sort of whistle used by hunters to
+call the doe by imitating the cry of the fawn.</p>
+<p class="par">awi&#699;-akta&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;deer eye&rdquo;; the
+<i lang="la">Rudbeckia</i> or black-eyed Susan.</p>
+<p class="par">awi&#699;-e&#699;gwa (abbreviated
+aw-e&#699;gwa)&mdash;the elk, literally &ldquo;great deer.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">awi&#699;-unade&#699;na&mdash;sheep; literally
+&ldquo;woolly deer.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Awi&#699;Usdi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Little Deer,&rdquo; the
+mythic chief of the Deer tribe.</p>
+<p class="par">Ax, Annie&mdash;see Sadayi&#699;. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb211" href="#pb211" name="pb211">211</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Ax, John&mdash;see Itagu&#699;nahi.</p>
+<p class="par">awe li&mdash;half, middle, in the middle.</p>
+<p class="par">Ayphwa&#699;si&mdash;the proper form of the name
+commonly written Hiwassee. It signifies a savanna or meadow and was
+applied to two (or more) former Cherokee settlements. The more
+important, commonly distinguished as Ayuhwa&#699;si Egwa&#699;hi or
+Great Hiwassee, was on the north bank of Hiwassee river at the present
+Savannah ford above Columbus, in Polk county, Tenn. The other was
+farther up the same river, at the junction of Peachtree creek, above
+Murphy, in Cherokee county, N. C. Lanman writes it Owassa.</p>
+<p class="par">Ayrate&mdash;see e&#699;ladi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Ays&#699;sta&mdash;&ldquo;The Spoiler,&rdquo; from
+tsiya&#699;stihu, &ldquo;I spoil it&rdquo;; cf. uya&#699;i, bad. A
+prominent woman and informant on the East Cherokee reservation.</p>
+<p class="par">Ayun&#699;ini&mdash;&ldquo;Swimmer&rdquo;; literally,
+&ldquo;he is swimming,&rdquo; from gayunini&#699;, &ldquo;I am
+swimming.&rdquo; A principal priest and informant of the East Cherokee,
+died in 1899.</p>
+<p class="par">Ayulsu&#699;&mdash;see Dayulsun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Beaverdam&mdash;see Uy&prime;gila&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Big-Cove&mdash;see Ka&#699;lanun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Big-Island&mdash;see Amaye&prime;l-e&#699;gwa.</p>
+<p class="par">Big-Witch&mdash;see Tskil-e&#699;gwa.</p>
+<p class="par">Bird-Town&mdash;see Tsiskwa&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Bloody-Fellow&mdash;see Iskagua.</p>
+<p class="par">Blythe&mdash;see Diskwani.</p>
+<p class="par">Black-fox&mdash;see Ina&#699;li.</p>
+<p class="par">Boudinot, Elias&mdash;see Galagi&#699;na.</p>
+<p class="par">Bowl, The; Bowles, Colonel&mdash;see Diwali.</p>
+<p class="par">Brass&mdash;see Untsaiyi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Brasstown&mdash;see Itse&#699;yi. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb212" href="#pb212" name="pb212">212</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Breadth, The&mdash;see Unli&#699;ta.</p>
+<p class="par">Briertown&mdash;see Kanu&#699;gula&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Buffalo (creek)&mdash;see Yunsa&#699;i.</p>
+<p class="par">Bull-Head&mdash;see Sukwale&#699;na.</p>
+<p class="par">Butler, John&mdash;see Tsan&#699;-uga&#699;sita.</p>
+<p class="par">Cade&rsquo;s Cove&mdash;see Tsiya&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Canacaught&mdash;&ldquo;Canacaught, the great
+Conjurer,&rdquo; mentioned as a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; possibly
+kanegwa&#699;ti, the water-moccasin snake.</p>
+<p class="par">Canaly&mdash;see hi&#699;gina&#699;lii.</p>
+<p class="par">Canasagua&mdash;see Gansa&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Cannastion, Cannostee&mdash;see Kana&#699;sta.</p>
+<p class="par">Canuga&mdash;see Kanu&#699;ga.</p>
+<p class="par">Cartoogaja&mdash;see Gatu&#699;gitse&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Cataluchee&mdash;see Gadalu&#699;tsi.</p>
+<p class="par">Cauchi&mdash;a place, apparently in the Cherokee county,
+visited by Pardo in 1567.</p>
+<p class="par">Caunasaita&mdash;given as the name of a Lower Chief in
+1684; possibly for Kanunsi&#699;ta, &ldquo;dogwood.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Chalaque&mdash;see Tsa&#699;lagi.</p>
+<p class="par">Chattanooga&mdash;see Tsatanu&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Chattooga, Chatuga&mdash;see Tsatu&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Cheeowhee&mdash;see Tsiya&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Cheerake&mdash;see Tsa&#699;lagi.</p>
+<p class="par">Cheraw&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Suwa&#699;li.</p>
+<p class="par">Cheowa&mdash;see Tsiya&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Cheowa Maximum&mdash;see Schwate&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Cheraqui&mdash;see Tsa&#699;lagi.</p>
+<p class="par">Cherokee&mdash;see Tsa&#699;lagi.</p>
+<p class="par">Chestatee&mdash;see Atsun&#699;sta ti&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Chestua&mdash;see Tsistu&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Cheucunsene&mdash;see Tsi&#699;kama&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Chilhowee&mdash;see Tsu lun&#699;we. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb213" href="#pb213" name="pb213">213</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Chimney Tops&mdash;see Duni&#699;skwa lgun&#699;i.</p>
+<p class="par">Chisca&mdash;mentioned in the De Soto narratives as a
+mining region in the Cherokee country. The name may have a connection
+with Tsi&#699;skwa, &ldquo;bird,&rdquo; possibly Tsiskwa&#699;hi,
+&ldquo;Bird place.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Choastea&mdash;see Tsistu&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Chopped Oak&mdash;see Digalu&#699;yatun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Choquata&mdash;see Itsa&#699;ti.</p>
+<p class="par">Citico&mdash;see Si&#699;tiku&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Clear-sky&mdash;see Iskagua.</p>
+<p class="par">Clennuse&mdash;see Tlanusi&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Cleveland&mdash;see Tsistetsi&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Coca&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Ku&#699;sa.</p>
+<p class="par">Coco&mdash;see Kuku&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Cohutta&mdash;see Gahu&#699;ti.</p>
+<p class="par">Colanneh, Colona&mdash;see Ka&#699;lanu.</p>
+<p class="par">Conasauga&mdash;see Gansa&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Conneross&mdash;see Kawan&#699;-ura&#699;sunyi.</p>
+<p class="par">Coosawatee&mdash;see Ku&#699;saweti&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Cooweescoowee&mdash;see Gu&#699;wisguwi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Coosa&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Ku&#699;sa, Kusa.</p>
+<p class="par">Corani&mdash;see Ka&#699;lanu.</p>
+<p class="par">Cowee&#699;&mdash;see Kawi&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Coweeta, Coweta&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Kawi&#699;ta.</p>
+<p class="par">Coyatee (variously spelled Cawatie, Coiatee, Coytee,
+Coytoy, Kai-a-tee)&mdash;a former Cherokee settlement on Little
+Tennessee river, some ten miles below the junction of Tellico, about
+the present Coytee post-office in Loudon county, Tennessee.</p>
+<p class="par">Creek-path&mdash;see Ku&#699;sa-nunna&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Crow-town&mdash;see Kagun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Cuhtahlatah&mdash;a Cherokee woman noted in the
+Wahnenauhi manuscript as having distinguished herself by bravery in
+battle. The proper form may <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb214" href=
+"#pb214" name="pb214">214</a>]</span>have some connection with
+gatun&#699;lati, &ldquo;wild hemp.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Cullasagee&mdash;see Kulse&#699;tsi&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Cullowhee, Currahee&mdash;see Gulahi&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Cuttawa&mdash;see Kitu&#699;hwa.</p>
+<p class="par">Dagan tu&mdash;&ldquo;he makes it rain&rdquo;; from
+aga&#699;ska, &ldquo;it is raining,&rdquo; aga&#699;na, &ldquo;it has
+begun to rain&rdquo;; a small variety of lizard whose cry is said to
+presage rain. It is also called a&#699;niganti&#699;ski, &ldquo;they
+make it rain&rdquo; (plural form), or rain-maker.</p>
+<p class="par">dagul ku&mdash;the American white-fronted goose. The
+name may be an onomatope.</p>
+<p class="par">dagu&#699;na&mdash;the fresh-water mussel; also a
+variety of face pimples.</p>
+<p class="par">Dagun&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Mussel place,&rdquo; from
+dagu&#699;na, mussel, and hi, locative. The Mussel shoals on Tennessee
+river, in northwestern Alabama. It was sometimes called also simply Tsu
+stanalun&#699;yi, &ldquo;Shoal&rsquo;s place.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Dagu&#699;nawa&#699;lahi&mdash;&ldquo;Mussel-liver
+place,&rdquo; from dagu&#699;na, mussel, uwe&#699;la, liver, and hi,
+locative; the Cherokee name for the site of Nashville, Tenn. No reason
+can now be given for the name.</p>
+<p class="par">Dahlonega&mdash;A town in Lumpkin county, Ga., near
+which the first gold was mined. A mint was established there in 1838.
+The name is from the Cherokee dala&#699;nige&#699;i, yellow, whence
+ate&#699;la-dala&#699;-nige&#699;i, &ldquo;yellow money,&rdquo; i. e.,
+gold.</p>
+<p class="par">daksawa&#699;ihu&mdash;&ldquo;he is shedding
+tears.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">dakwa&#699;&mdash;a mythic great fish; also the
+whale.</p>
+<p class="par">Dakwa&#699;i&mdash;&ldquo;dakwa place,&rdquo; from a
+tradition of a dakwa&#699; in the river at that point. A former
+Cherokee settlement, known to the traders as Toqua or Toco, on Little
+Tennessee river, about the mouth <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb215"
+href="#pb215" name="pb215">215</a>]</span>of Toco creek in Monroe
+county, Tenn. A similar name and tradition attaches to a spot on the
+French Broad river, about six miles above the Warm springs, in Buncombe
+county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">dakwa&#699;nitlastesti&mdash;&ldquo;I shall have them on
+my legs for garters&rdquo;; from anitla&#699;sti (plural
+dinitla&#699;sti), garter; d-, initial plural; akwa, first person
+particle; and esti, future suffix.</p>
+<p class="par">da&#699;liksta&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;vomiter,&rdquo; from
+dagik&#699;stihu&#699;, &ldquo;I am vomiting,&rdquo; daliksta&#699;,
+&ldquo;he vomits&rdquo; (habitually); the form is plural. The spreading
+adder (<i lang="la">Heterodon</i>), also sometimes called
+kwandaya&#699;hu, a word of uncertain etymology.</p>
+<p class="par"><span class="corr" id="xd23e7973" title=
+"Source: Da">Da&#699;</span> nagasta&mdash;for Da&#699;
+nawa-gasta&#699;ya, &ldquo;Sharp-war,&rdquo; i. e.,
+&ldquo;Eager-warrior;<span class="corr" id="xd23e7976" title=
+"Not in source">&rdquo;</span> a Cherokee woman&rsquo;s name.</p>
+<p class="par">Da&#699; nawa-(a)sa tsun&#699;yi,
+&ldquo;War-ford,&rdquo; from da&#699; nawa, war, and asa tsun&#699;yi,
+&ldquo;a crossing-place or ford.<span class="corr" id="xd23e7981"
+title="Not in source">&rdquo;</span> A ford on Cheowa river about three
+miles below Robbinsville, in Graham county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Danda&#699;ganu&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Two looking at each
+other,&rdquo; from detsi&#699;ganu&#699;, &ldquo;I am looking at
+him.&rdquo; A former Cherokee settlement, commonly known as Lookout
+Mountain town, on Lookout Mountain creek, near the present Trenton,
+Dade county, Ga. One of the Chickamauga towns (see
+Tsi&#699;kama&#699;gi), so-called on account of the appearance of the
+mountains facing each other across the Tennessee river at
+Chattanooga.</p>
+<p class="par">Da&#699;si giya&#699;gi&mdash;an old masculine personal
+name, of doubtful etymology, but commonly rendered by the traders
+&ldquo;Shoe-boots,&rdquo; possibly referring to some peculiar style of
+moccasin or leggin. A chief known to the whites as Shoe-boots is
+mentioned in the Revolutionary records. Chief Lloyd Welch<span class=
+"corr" id="xd23e7988" title="Source: .">,</span> <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb216" href="#pb216" name="pb216">216</a>]</span>of
+the eastern band, was known in the tribe as Da&#699;si giya&#699;gi,
+and the same name is now used by the East Cherokee as the equivalent of
+the name Lloyd.</p>
+<p class="par">Da&#699;skwitun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Rafter&rsquo;s
+Place,&rdquo; from daskwitun&#699;i, rafters, and yi, locative. A
+former settlement on Tusquittee creek, near Hayesville, in Clay county,
+North Carolina.</p>
+<p class="par">dasun&#699;tali&mdash;ant; dasun&#699;tali,
+&ldquo;stinging ant,&rdquo; the large red cowant (<i lang=
+"la">Myrmica?</i>), also called sometimes, on account of its hard
+body-case, nun&#699;yunu&#699;wi, &ldquo;stone-clad,&rdquo; after the
+fabulous monster.</p>
+<p class="par">Datle&#699;yasta&#699;i&mdash;&ldquo;where they fell
+down,&rdquo; a point on Tuckasegee river, a short distance above
+Webster, in Jackson county, North Carolina.</p>
+<p class="par">datsi&mdash;a traditional water-monster.</p>
+<p class="par">Datsi&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Datsi place&rdquo;; a place
+on Little Tennessee river, near junction of Eagle creek, in Swain
+county, North Carolina.</p>
+<p class="par">Datsu&#699;nalagun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where there are
+tracks or footprints,&rdquo; from uta&#699;sinun&#699;yi or
+ulasgun&#699;yi, footprint. Track Rock gap, near Blairsville, Georgia.
+Also sometimes called De&#699;gayelun&#699;ha, &ldquo;place of branded
+marks.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">da&#699;yi&mdash;beaver.</p>
+<p class="par">Dayulsun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;place where they
+cried,&rdquo; a spot on the ridge at the head of Tuckasegee river, in
+Jackson county, North Carolina; so-called from an old tradition.</p>
+<p class="par">da&#699;yuni&#699;si&mdash;&ldquo;beaver&rsquo;s
+grandchild,&rdquo; from dayi, beaver, and uni&#699;si, son&rsquo;s
+child of either sex. The water beetle or mellow bug.</p>
+<p class="par">Degal gun&#699;yi&mdash;a cairn, literally &ldquo;where
+they are piled up&rdquo;; a series of cairns on the south side of
+Cheowa river, in Graham county, N. C. <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb217" href="#pb217" name="pb217">217</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">De&#699;gata&#699;ga&mdash;The Cherokee name of General
+Stamd Watie and of a prominent early western chief known to the whites
+as Takatoka. The word is derived from tsita&#699;ga, &ldquo;I am
+standing,&rdquo; da nita&#699;ga &ldquo;they are standing
+together,&rdquo; and conveys the subtle meaning of two persons standing
+together and so closely united in sympathy as to form but one human
+body.</p>
+<p class="par">De&#699;gayelun&#699;ha&mdash;see
+Datsu&#699;nalagun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">detsanun&#699;li&mdash;an enclosure or piece of level
+ground cleared for ceremonial purposes; applied more particularly to
+the green-corn dance ground. The word has a plural form, but cannot be
+certainly analyzed.</p>
+<p class="par">De&#699;tsata&mdash;a Cherokee sprite.</p>
+<p class="par">detsinu&#699;lahungu&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;I tried, but
+failed.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Didalaski&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Showering place.&rdquo;
+In the story (number 17) the name is understood to mean &ldquo;the
+place where it rains fire.&rdquo; It signifies literally, however, the
+place where it showers, or comes down, and lodges upon something
+animate and has no definite reference to fire (atsi&#699;la) or rain
+(afaska, &ldquo;it is raining&rdquo;); degalasku&#699;, &ldquo;they are
+showering down and lodging upon him.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Dida&#699;skasti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where they were
+afraid of each other,&rdquo; a spot on Little Tennessee river, near the
+mouth of Alarka creek, in Swain county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">diga&#699;gwani&#699;&mdash;the mud-hen or didapper. The
+name is plural form and implies &ldquo;lame,&rdquo; or &ldquo;crippled
+in the legs&rdquo; (cf. detsi&#699;nigwa&#699;na, &ldquo;I am
+kneeling&rdquo;)<span class="corr" id="xd23e8035" title=
+"Source: .">,</span> probably from the bouncing motion of the bird when
+in the water. It is also the name of a dance.</p>
+<p class="par">Diga&#699;kati&#699;yi&mdash;see Gakati&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">di&#699;galungun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where it rises, or
+comes up&rdquo;; the east. The sacred term is Nunda&#699;yi, q. v.
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb218" href="#pb218" name=
+"pb218">218</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">digalun&#699;latiyun&mdash;a height, one of a series,
+from galun&#699;lati, &ldquo;above.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Digalu&#699;yatun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where it is
+gashed (with hatchets)&rdquo;; from tsilu&#699;yu, &ldquo;I am cutting
+(with a chopping stroke),&rdquo; di, plural prefix, and yi, locative.
+The Chopped Oak, formerly east of Clarkesville, Ga.</p>
+<p class="par">Digane&#699;ski&mdash;&ldquo;he picks them up&rdquo;
+(habitually), from tsine&#699;u, &ldquo;I am picking it up.&rdquo; A
+Cherokee Union soldier in the Civil War.</p>
+<p class="par">digi&#699;gage&#699;i&mdash;the plural of
+gi&#699;gage&#699;i, red.</p>
+<p class="par">digu&#699;lanahi&#699;ta&mdash;for
+digu&#699;li-anahi&#699;ta, &ldquo;having long ears,&rdquo;
+&ldquo;long-eared&rdquo;; from gule, &ldquo;ear&rdquo; and
+gunahi&#699;ta, &ldquo;long.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Dihyun&#699;dula&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;sheaths,&rdquo; or
+&ldquo;scabbards&rdquo;; singular ahyun&#699;dula&#699;, &ldquo;a
+gun-sheath,&rdquo; or other scabbard. The probable correct form of a
+name which appears in Revolutionary documents as &ldquo;Untoola, or Gum
+Rod.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Dikta&#699;&mdash;plural of Akta&#699;, eye.</p>
+<p class="par">dila&#699;&mdash;skunk.</p>
+<p class="par">dilsta&#699;yati&mdash;&ldquo;scissors&rdquo;; the
+water-spider (<i lang="la">Dolomedes</i>).</p>
+<p class="par">dinda&#699;skwate&#699;ski&mdash;the violet; the name
+signifies, &ldquo;they pull each others' heads off.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">dine&#699;tlana&mdash;the creation.</p>
+<p class="par">di nuski&mdash;&ldquo;the breeder&rdquo;; a variety of
+smilax brier.</p>
+<p class="par">Disga&#699;gisti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where they
+gnaw&rdquo;; a place on Cheowa river, in Graham county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">diskwa ni&mdash;&ldquo;chestnut bread,&rdquo; i. e., a
+variety of bread having chestnuts mixed with it. The Cherokee name of
+James Blythe, interpreter and agency clerk.</p>
+<p class="par">Distai&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;they are strong,&rdquo;
+plural of astai&#699;yi, &ldquo;strong or tough.&rdquo; The Tephrosia
+or devil&rsquo;s shoestring.</p>
+<p class="par">dista&#699;sti&mdash;a mill (generic). <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb219" href="#pb219" name="pb219">219</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">dita&#699;stayeski&mdash;&ldquo;a barber,&rdquo;
+literally &ldquo;one who cuts things (as with scissors), from
+tsista&#699;yu, &ldquo;I cut.&rdquo; The cricket (tala&#699;tu) is
+sometimes so-called.</p>
+<p class="par">Diwa&#699;li&mdash;&ldquo;Bowl,&rdquo; a prominent chief
+of the western Cherokee, known to the whites as The Bowl, or Colonel
+Bowles, killed by the Texans in 1839. The chief mentioned may have been
+another of the same name.</p>
+<p class="par">diya&#699;hali (or duya&#699;hali)&mdash;the alligator
+lizard (<i lang="la">Sceloporue undulatus</i>).</p>
+<p class="par">Diya&#699;hali&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Lizard&rsquo;s
+place,&rdquo; from diya&#699;hali, lizard, and yi, locative. Joanna
+Bald, a mountain at the head of Valley river on the line between
+Cherokee and Graham counties, North Carolina.</p>
+<p class="par">Double-Head&mdash;see Tal-tsu&#699;ska&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Dragging-Canoe&mdash;see Tsi&#699;yu-gunsi&#699;ni.</p>
+<p class="par">Dudun&#699;leksun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where its legs
+were broken off&rdquo;; a place on Tuckasegee river, a few miles above
+Webster, in Jackson county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Dugilu&#699;yi (abbreviated Dugilu&#699;, and commonly
+written Tugaloo, or sometimes Toogelah or Toogoola)&mdash;a name
+occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country, the best known
+being Tugaloo river, so-called from a former Cherokee settlement of
+that name situated at the junction of Toccoa creek with the main
+stream, in Habersham county, Ga. The word is of uncertain etymology;
+but seems to refer to a place at the forks of a stream.</p>
+<p class="par">Dukas&#699;i, Dukwas&#699;i&mdash;The correct form of
+the name commonly written Toxaway, applied to a former Cherokee
+settlement in S. C., and the creek upon which it stood, and extreme
+headstream of Keowee river having its source in Jackson county, N. C.
+The meaning of the name is lost, although it has <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb220" href="#pb220" name="pb220">220</a>]</span>been
+wrongly interpreted to mean &ldquo;place of shedding tears.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Dulastun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Potsherd place.&rdquo; A
+former Cherokee settlement on Nottely river in Cherokee county, North
+Carolina.</p>
+<p class="par">dule&#699;tsi&mdash;&ldquo;kernels,&rdquo; a goitrous
+swelling upon the throat.</p>
+<p class="par">dulu&#699;si&mdash;a variety of frog found upon the
+headwaters of Savannah river.</p>
+<p class="par">Duniya ta lun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where there are
+shelves, or flat places,&rdquo; from aya te&#699;ni, flat, whence
+da&#699;ya tana lun&#699;i, a shelf, and yi, locative. A gap on the
+Great Smoky range, near Clingman&rsquo;s dome, Swain county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Dunidu&#699;lalun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where they made
+arrows&rdquo;; a place on Straight creek, a headstream of Oconaluftee
+river, in Swain county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Duni&#699;skwa lgun&#699;i&mdash;the double peak known
+as the Chimney Tops, in Great Smoky Mountains about the head of Deep
+creek, in Swain county, N. C. On the north side is the pass known as
+Indian gap. The name signifies a &ldquo;forked antler,&rdquo; from
+uskwa lgu, antler, but indicates that the antler is attached in place,
+as though the deer itself were concealed below.</p>
+<p class="par">Du&#699;stayalun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where it made a
+noise as of thunder or shooting,&rdquo; apparently referring to a
+lightning <span class="corr" id="xd23e8119" title=
+"Source: stroke">strike</span> (detsistaya&#699;hihu<a id="xd23e8122"
+name="xd23e8122"></a>, &ldquo;I make a shooting or thundering
+noise,&rdquo; might be a first person form used by the <span class=
+"corr" id="xd23e8124" title="Source: personfied">personified</span>
+Thundergod); a spot on Hiwassee river, about the junction of Shooting
+creek, near Hayesville, in Clay county, N. C. A former settlement along
+the creek bore the same name. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb221"
+href="#pb221" name="pb221">221</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">du&#699;stu&#699;&mdash;a species of frog, appearing
+very early in spring; the name is intended for an onomatope. It is the
+correct form of the name of the chief noted by McKenney and Hall as
+&ldquo;Tooantuh or Spring Frog.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Dutch&mdash;see Tatsi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">duwe ga&mdash;a spring lizard.</p>
+<p class="par">Eagle Dance&mdash;see Tsugidu&#699;li
+ulsgi&#699;sti.</p>
+<p class="par">Eastinaulee&mdash;see U&#699;stana&#699;li.</p>
+<p class="par">Echota, New&mdash;see Gansa&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">edata&mdash;my father (Upper dialect); the Middle and
+Lower dialect form is agida&#699;ta.</p>
+<p class="par">Edi&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;He goes about&rdquo;
+(habitually); a masculine name.</p>
+<p class="par">edutu&mdash;my maternal grandfather (Upper dialect); the
+Middle and Lower dialect form is agidu tu; cf. enisi.</p>
+<p class="par">egwa&mdash;great; cf. utanu.</p>
+<p class="par">egwani&mdash;river.</p>
+<p class="par">Egwanulti&mdash;&ldquo;By the river,&rdquo; from egwa
+ni, river, and nulati or nulti, near, beside. The proper form of
+Oconaluftee, the name of the river flowing thru the East Cherokee
+reservation in Swain and Jackson Counties, N. C. The town, Oconaluftee,
+mentioned by Bartram as existing about 1775, was probably on the lower
+course of the river at the present Birdtown, on the reservation, where
+was formerly a considerable mound.</p>
+<p class="par">ela&mdash;earth, ground.</p>
+<p class="par">eladi&mdash;low, below; in the Lower dialect eradi,
+whence the Ayrata or Lower Cherokee of Adair, as distinguished from the
+Ottara (atari, atali) or Upper Cherokee.</p>
+<p class="par">elanti&mdash;a song form for eladi, q. v. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb222" href="#pb222" name="pb222">222</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Elatse&#699;yi, (abbreviated Elatse)&mdash;&ldquo;Green
+(verdant) earth,&rdquo; from ela, earth, and itse yi, green, from
+fresh-springing vegetation. The name of several former Cherokee
+settlements, commonly known to the whites as Ellijay, Elejoy or
+Allagae. One of these was upon the headwaters of Keowee river in S. C.;
+another was on Ellijay creek of Little Tennessee river, near the
+present Franklin, in Macon Co., N. C.; another was about the present
+Ellijay in Gilmer Co., Ga.; and still another was on Ellijay creek of
+Little river, near the present Maryville, in Blount Co., Tenn.</p>
+<p class="par">Elawa diyi (abbreviated Elawa di)&mdash;&ldquo;Red-earth
+place,&rdquo; from ela, earth, wadi, brown-red or red paint, and yi,
+the locative. 1. The Cherokee name of <span class="corr" id="xd23e8164"
+title="Source: Yellow-hill">Yellow-Hill</span> settlement, now
+officially known as Cherokee, the post office and agency headquarters
+for the East Cherokee, on Oconaluftee river, in Swain Co., N. C. 2. A
+former council ground known in history as Red Clay; at the site of the
+present village of that name in Whitfield Co., Ga., adjoining the
+Tennessee line.</p>
+<p class="par">Ellijay&mdash;see Elatse&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">eni si&mdash;my paternal grandfather (Upper dialect);
+the Middle and Lower dialect form is agani si, cf. edutu.</p>
+<p class="par">Eskaqua&mdash;see Iskagua.</p>
+<p class="par">Estanaula, Estinaula&mdash;see U&#699;stana&#699;li.</p>
+<p class="par">Etawa ha
+tsistatla&#699;ski&mdash;&ldquo;Deadwood-lighter,&rdquo; a traditional
+Cherokee conjurer.</p>
+<p class="par">eti&mdash;old, long ago.</p>
+<p class="par">Etowah&mdash;see I&#699;tawa&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Etsaiyi&mdash;see Untsaiyi.</p>
+<p class="par">etsi&mdash;my mother (Upper dialect); the Middle and
+Lower dialect form is agitsi. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb223"
+href="#pb223" name="pb223">223</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Euharlee&mdash;see Yuha&#699;li.</p>
+<p class="par">Feather dance&mdash;see Tsugidu&#699;li
+ulsgi&#699;sti.</p>
+<p class="par">Fightingtown&mdash;see Walas&#699;-unulsti yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Flax-toter&mdash;see Tale&#699;danigi&#699;ski.</p>
+<p class="par">Flying-squirrel&mdash;see Ka&#699;lahu&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Frogtown&mdash;see Walasi&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Gadalu&#699;la&mdash;the proper name of the mountain
+known to the whites as Yonah (from yanu, bear); or upper Chattahoochee
+river, in White Co., Ga. The name has no connection with Tallulah (see
+Talulu) and cannot be translated.</p>
+<p class="par">Gadalu&#699;tsi&mdash;in the corrupted form of
+Cataluchee this appears on the map as the name of a peak, or rather a
+ridge, on the line between Swain and Haywood counties, N. C., and of a
+creek running down on the Haywood side into Big Pigeon river. It is
+properly the name of the ridge only, and seems to refer to a
+&ldquo;fringe standing erect,&rdquo; apparently from the appearance of
+the timber growing in streaks along the side of the mountain; from
+wadalu&#699;yata, fringe, gadu&#699;ta, &ldquo;standing up in a row or
+series.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">gahawi&#699;siti&mdash;parched corn.</p>
+<p class="par">Gahuti (Gahu&#699;ta and Gwahu&#699;ti in dialect
+forms)&mdash;Cohutta mountains in Murray Co., Ga. The name comes from
+gahuta&#699;yi, &ldquo;ashed roof supported on poles<span class="corr"
+id="xd23e8208" title="Not in source">&rdquo;</span>, and refers to a
+fancied resemblance in the summit.</p>
+<p class="par">Gakati&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;place of setting
+fire&rdquo;; something spoken in the plural form,
+Diga&#699;kati&#699;yi, &ldquo;place of the setting free.&rdquo; A
+point on Tuckasegee river, about three miles above Bryson City, in
+Swain Co., N. C. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb224" href="#pb224"
+name="pb224">224</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">gaktun&#699;ta&mdash;an injunction, command or rule,
+more particularly a prohibition or ceremonial tabu.
+Tsiga&#699;te&#699;gu. &ldquo;I am observing an injunction or
+tabu&rdquo;; adakte&#699;gi, &ldquo;he is under tabu
+regulations.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Galagi&#699;na&mdash;a male deer (buck) or turkey
+(gobbler); in the first sense the name is sometimes used also for the
+large horned beetle (<i lang="la">Dynastes tityus</i>). The Indian name
+of Elias Boudinot, first Cherokee editor.</p>
+<p class="par">gali&#699;sgisida&#699;hu&mdash;&ldquo;I am dancing
+about&rdquo;; from gali&#699;sgia, &ldquo;I am dancing,&rdquo; and
+edahu, &ldquo;I am going about.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">galunkw&#699;ti&#699;yo&mdash;honored; sacred; used in
+the bible to mean holy, hallowed.</p>
+<p class="par">galun&#699;lati&mdash;above, on high.</p>
+<p class="par">gane&#699;ga&mdash;skin.</p>
+<p class="par">ganidawa&#699;ski&mdash;&ldquo;the champion
+catchfly&rdquo; or &ldquo;rattlesnake&rsquo;s master&rdquo; (<i lang=
+"la">Silene stellata</i>); the name signifies &ldquo;it disjoints
+itself,&rdquo; from ganidawsku&#699;, &ldquo;it is unjointing
+itself,&rdquo; on account of the peculiar manner in which the dried
+stalk breaks off at the joints.</p>
+<p class="par">Gansagi (or Gansagiyi)&mdash;the name of several former
+settlements in the old Cherokee country; it cannot be analyzed. One of
+this name was upon Tuckasegee river, a short distance above the present
+Webster, in Jackson Co., N. C.; another was on the lower part of
+Canasauga creek, in McMinn Co., Tenn.; a third was at the junction of
+Conasauga and Coosawatee rivers, where afterwards was located the
+Cherokee capital, New Echota, in Gordon Co., Ga.; a fourth, mentioned
+in the De Soto narratives as Canasoga or Canasagua, was located in 1540
+on the upper Chattahoochee river, possibly in the neighborhood of
+Kennesaw mountain, Ga. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb225" href=
+"#pb225" name="pb225">225</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Gansa&#699;ti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;robbing place,&rdquo;
+from tsina&#699;sahunsku, &ldquo;I am robbing him.&rdquo; Vengeance
+creek of Valley river in Cherokee Co., N. C. The name vengeance was
+originally a white man&rsquo;s nickname for an old Cherokee woman, of
+forbidding aspect, who lived there before the Removal.</p>
+<p class="par">Ganse&#699;ti&mdash;a rattle; as the Cherokee dance
+rattle is made from the gourd, the masculine name, Ganse&#699;ti, is
+usually rendered by the whites, &ldquo;rattling-gourd.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">gatausti&mdash;the wheel and stick of the Southern
+tribes, incorrectly called nettecwaw by Timberlake.</p>
+<p class="par">Gategwa&#699;&mdash;for Gategwa&#699;hi, possibly a
+contraction of Igat(I)-egwa&#699;hi, &ldquo;Great-swamp, &ldquo;thicket
+place.&rdquo; A high peak southeast from Franklin, Macon Co., N. C.,
+and perhaps identical with Fodderstack mountain.</p>
+<p class="par">ga&#699;tsu&mdash;see hatlu&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Gatu&#699;gitse&#699;yi (abbreviated
+Gatu&#699;gitse&#699;)&mdash;&ldquo;New-settlement place,&rdquo; from
+gatu&#699;gi or agatu&#699;gi, town, settlement, itsehi, new,
+especially applied to new vegetation, and yi, the locative. A former
+settlement on Cartoogaja creek near the present Franklin, in Macon Co.,
+N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Gatugi&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Town building place,&rdquo;
+or &ldquo;Settlement place,&rdquo; from gatu&#699;gi, a settlement, and
+yi, locative. A place on Santeetla creek, near Robbinsville, in Graham
+Co., N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Gatun&#699;iti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Hemp place,&rdquo;
+from Gatun&#699;lati, &ldquo;wild hemp&rdquo; (<i lang="la">Apocynum
+cannabinum</i>), and yi, locative. A former Cherokee settlement,
+commonly known as Hemptown, on the creek of the same name, near
+Morgantown, in Fannin Co., Ga.</p>
+<p class="par">Gatun&#699;wa&#699;li&mdash;a noted western Cherokee,
+about 1842, known to the whites as Hardmush or Big-Mush. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb226" href="#pb226" name="pb226">226</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Gatun&#699;wa&#699;li, from ga&#699;tu&#699;,
+&ldquo;bread,&rdquo; and unwa&#699;li, &ldquo;made into balls or
+lumps,&rdquo; is a sort of mush or parched corn meal, made very thick,
+so that it can be dipped out in lumps almost of the consistency of
+bread.</p>
+<p class="par">ge&#699;i&mdash;down stream, down the road, with the
+current; tsa&#699;gi, up stream.</p>
+<p class="par">gese&#699;i&mdash;was; a separate word which, when used
+after the verb in the present tense, makes it past tense without change
+of form; in the form hi&#699;gese&#699;i it usually accompanies an
+emphatic repetition.</p>
+<p class="par">Ge&#699;yagu&#699;ga (for
+Age&#699;hya&#699;-guga?)&mdash;a formulistic name for the moon
+(nun&#699;da&#699;); it cannot be analyzed, but seems to contain the
+word age&#699;hya, &ldquo;woman.&rdquo; See also nun&#699;da&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">gi&#699;ga&mdash;blood; cf. gi&#699;gage&#699;i,
+red.</p>
+<p class="par">gi&#699;ga-danegi&#699;ski&mdash;&ldquo;blood
+taker,&rdquo; from gi&#699;ga, blood, and ada&#699;negi&#699;ski,
+&ldquo;one who takes liquids,&rdquo; from tsi&#699;negia&#699;
+(liquid). Another name for the tsane&#699;ni or scorpion lizard.</p>
+<p class="par">gi&#699;gage&#699;i&mdash;red, bright red, scarlet; the
+brown-red of certain animals and clays is distinguished as
+wa&#699;dige&#699;i.</p>
+<p class="par">
+gi&#699;ga-tsuha&#699;li&mdash;&ldquo;bloody-mouth,&rdquo; literally
+&ldquo;having blood on the corners of his mouth&rdquo;; from
+gi&#699;ga, blood, and tsuhanunsi&#699;yi, the corners of the mouth
+(aha&#699;li, his mouth). A large lizard, probably the pleistodon.</p>
+<p class="par">gili&mdash;dog; the Lower dialect, gi&#699;ri.</p>
+<p class="par">Gili-dinehun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where the dogs
+live,&rdquo; from gili, dog, dinehu&#699;, &ldquo;they dwell&rdquo;
+(ehu, &ldquo;I dwell&rdquo;), and yi, locative. A place on Oconaluftee
+river, a short distance above the present Cherokee in Swain Co., N. C.
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb227" href="#pb227" name=
+"pb227">227</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">
+Gi&#699;li&#699;-utsun&#699;stanun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where the dog
+ran,&rdquo; from gili&#699;, dog, and Utsun&#699;stanun&#699;yi,
+&ldquo;footprints made by an animal running&rdquo;; the Milky way.</p>
+<p class="par">ginunti&mdash;a song form for gunu&#699;tii&#699;,
+&ldquo;to lay him (animate object) upon the ground.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">giri&mdash;see gi&#699;li&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Gisehun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where the female
+lives,&rdquo; from agi&#699;si, female, and yi, locative. A place on
+Tuckasegee river a short distance above Bryson City, in Swain Co., N.
+C.</p>
+<p class="par">git&#699;lu&mdash;hair. (Upper dialect); in Lower and
+Middle dialects gitsu.</p>
+<p class="par">Glass, The&mdash;see Ta&#699;gwadihi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Gohoma&mdash;A Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; the form
+cannot be identified.</p>
+<p class="par">Going-snake&mdash;see I&#699;naduna&#699;i.</p>
+<p class="par">Gorhaleka&mdash;a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; the form
+cannot be identified.</p>
+<p class="par">Great Island&mdash;see Amayel-e&#699;gwa.</p>
+<p class="par">Gregory Bald&mdash;see <span class="corr" id="xd23e8306"
+title="Source: Tsistu&rsquo;yi">Tsistu&#699;yi</span>.</p>
+<p class="par">Guachoula&mdash;see Guaxule.</p>
+<p class="par">Guaquila (Waki la)&mdash;a town in the Cherokee country,
+visited by De Soto in 1540, and again in 1567 by Pardo, who calls it
+Aguaquiri, and the name may have a connection with waguli,
+&ldquo;Whippoorwill,&rdquo; or with u&#699;wa&#699;gi&#699;li,
+&ldquo;foam.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Guasula&mdash;see Guaxule.</p>
+<p class="par">Gusila&mdash;see Guaxule.</p>
+<p class="par">Guaxule&mdash;a town in Cherokee county, visited in 1540
+by De Soto. It was probably about at Nacoochee mound in White Co.,
+Ga.</p>
+<p class="par">gu&#699;day&#699;wu&mdash;&ldquo;I have sewed myself
+together&rdquo;; &ldquo;I am sewing,&rdquo; tsiye&#699;wia&#699;;
+&ldquo;I am sewing myself together.&rdquo; <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb228" href="#pb228" name="pb228">228</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">gugwe&#699;&mdash;the quail or partridge.</p>
+<p class="par">gugwe&#699;ulasu&#699;la&mdash;&ldquo;partridge
+moccasin,&rdquo; from guewe, partridge, and ulasula, moccasin or shoe;
+the lady slipper.</p>
+<p class="par">Gulahi&#699;yi (abbreviated Gulahi&#699;, or
+Gurahi&#699;, in the Lower dialect)&mdash;&ldquo;Gula&#699;hi
+place,&rdquo; so-called from the unidentified spring plant eaten as a
+salad by the Cherokee. The name of two or more places in the old
+Cherokee country; one about Currahee mountain, in Habersham Co., Ga.,
+the other on Cullowhee river, an upper branch of Tuckasegee, in Jackson
+Co., N. C. Currahee Dick was a noted chief about the year 1820.</p>
+<p class="par">Gu&#699;lani&#699;yi&mdash;a Cherokee and Natchez
+settlement, formerly about the junction of Brasstown creek with
+Hiwassee river, a short distance above Murphy, in Cherokee Co., N. C.
+The etymology of the word is doubtful.</p>
+<p class="par">gule&#699;&mdash;acorn.</p>
+<p class="par">gule&#699;diska&#699;nihi&mdash;the turtle-dove;
+literally &ldquo;it cries, or mourns, for acorns,&rdquo; from gule,
+acorn, and diska&#699;nihi&#699;, &ldquo;it cries for them,&rdquo;
+(di-. plural prefix, hi, habitual suffix). The turtle-dove feeds upon
+acorns and its cry somewhat resembles the name, gule.</p>
+<p class="par">gule&#699;gi&mdash;&ldquo;climber,&rdquo; from tsilahi,
+&ldquo;I climb&rdquo; (second person, hi&#699;lahi; third person,
+gulahi); the blacksnake.</p>
+<p class="par">Gul&#699;kala&#699;ski&mdash;an earlier name for
+Tsunu&#699;lahun&#699;ski, q. v.</p>
+<p class="par">gul&#699;kwa&#699;gi&mdash;seven; also the
+mole-cricket.</p>
+<p class="par">gul&#699;kwa&#699;gine(-i)&mdash;seventh; from
+gul&#699;kwagi, seven.</p>
+<p class="par">Gulsadihi (or Gultsadihi&#699;?) a masculine name of
+uncertain etymology.</p>
+<p class="par">gunahi&#699;ti&mdash;long. <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb229" href="#pb229" name="pb229">229</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Gu&#699;nahitun&#699;yi&mdash;Long place (i. e., Long
+valley), from gunahi&#699;ti, long, and yi, locative. A former
+settlement known to the whites as Valleytown, where now is the town of
+the same name on Valley river in Cherokee Co., N. C. The various
+settlements on Valley river and the adjacent part of Hiwassee were
+known collectively as &ldquo;Valley towns.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Gun&#699;di&#699;gaduhun&#699;yi (abbreviated
+Gun&#699;-digadu&#699;hun)&mdash;&ldquo;Turkey settlement&rdquo;
+(gu&#699;na, turkey), so-called from the chief, Turkey or Little
+Turkey. A former settlement, known to the whites as Turkeytown, upon
+the west bank of Coosa river, opposite the present Center, in Cherokee,
+Co., Ala.</p>
+<p class="par">gu&#699;ni&mdash;arrow. Cf. Senica, ga&#699;na.</p>
+<p class="par">gun&#699;nage&#699;i (or gun&#699;nage) black.</p>
+<p class="par">Gunne&#699;hi&mdash;see Nunne&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Gunskali&#699;ski&mdash;a masculine personal name of
+uncertain etymology.</p>
+<p class="par">Gunters Landing, Guntersville&mdash;see
+Ku&#699;sa-Nunna&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Gun-tuskwa&#699;li&mdash;&ldquo;short arrows,&rdquo;
+from guni, arrow, and tsuskwa&#699;li, plural of uska&#699;li, short; a
+traditional western tribe.</p>
+<p class="par">Gunun&#699;da&#699;le&#699;gi&mdash;see
+Nunna-hi&#699;dihi.</p>
+<p class="par">Gusti&#699;&mdash;a traditional Cherokee settlement on
+Tennessee river, near Kingston, Roane Co., Tenn. The name cannot be
+analyzed.</p>
+<p class="par">Gu&#699;wisguwi&#699;&mdash;The Cherokee name of the
+chief John Ross, and for the district named in his honor, commonly
+spelled Cooweescoowee. Properly an onomatope for a large bird said to
+have been seen formerly at infrequent intervals in the old Cherokee
+country, accompanying the migratory wild geese, and described as
+resembling a large snipe, with yellow legs and unwebbed feet. In
+boyhood John Ross was known as Tsan&#699;usdi, &ldquo;Little
+John.&rdquo; <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb230" href="#pb230" name=
+"pb230">230</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Gwal&#699;ga&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Frog-place,&rdquo;
+from gwal&#699;gu, a variety of frog, and hi, locative. A place on
+Hiwassee river, just above the junction of Peachtree creek, near
+Murphy, in Cherokee Co., N. C.; about 1755 the site of a village of
+refugee Natchez, and later of a Baptist mission.</p>
+<p class="par">gwehe&#699;&mdash;a cricket&rsquo;s cry.</p>
+<p class="par">Ha!&mdash;an introductory exclamation intended to
+attract attention or add emphasis; about equivalent to Here! Now!</p>
+<p class="par">Ha&#699;-ma&#699;ma&#699;&mdash;a song term compounded
+of ha! an introductory exclamation, and mama&#699;, a word which has no
+analysis, but is used in speaking to young children to mean &ldquo;let
+me carry you on my back.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Hanging-maw&mdash;see Uskwa&#699;li-gu&#699;ta.</p>
+<p class="par">ha&#699;nia-lil&#699;-lil&#699;&mdash;an unmeaning dance
+refrain.</p>
+<p class="par">Hard-mush&mdash;see Gatun&#699;wali.</p>
+<p class="par">ha&#699;tlu&mdash;dialectic form, ga&#699;tsu,
+&ldquo;where?&rdquo; (interrogative).</p>
+<p class="par">ha&#699;wiye&#699;ehi&#699;,
+ha&#699;wiye&#699;hyuwe&#699;&mdash;unmeaning dance refrains.</p>
+<p class="par">hayu&#699;&mdash;an emphatic affirmative, about
+equivalent to &ldquo;Yes, sir.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">hayuya&#699;haniwa&#699;&mdash;an unmeaning refrain in
+one of the bear songs.</p>
+<p class="par">he-e!&mdash;an unmeaning song introduction.</p>
+<p class="par">Hemp-carrier&mdash;see Tale&#699;danigi&#699;ski.</p>
+<p class="par">Hemptown&mdash;see Gatunlti&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">hi!&mdash;unmeaning dance exclamation.</p>
+<p class="par">Hickory-log&mdash;see Wane&#699;-asun&#699;tlunyi.</p>
+<p class="par">hi&#699;gina&#699;lii&mdash;&ldquo;(you are) my
+friend&rdquo;; afina&#699;lii, &ldquo;(he is) my friend.&rdquo; In
+white man&rsquo;s jargon, canaly.</p>
+<p class="par">Hightower&mdash;see I&#699;tawa&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">hila&#699;gu?&mdash;how many? how much? (Upper dialect);
+the Middle dialect form is hungu&#699;. <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb231" href="#pb231" name="pb231">231</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">hilahi&#699;yu&mdash;long ago; the final yu makes it
+more emphatic.</p>
+<p class="par">hi&#699;lunnu&mdash;&ldquo;(thou) go to sleep&rdquo;;
+from tsi&#699;lihu&#699;, &ldquo;I am asleep.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">hi&#699;ski&mdash;five; cf. Mohawk wisk. The Cherokee
+numerals including 10 are as follows: sa&#699;gwu, ta&#699;li,
+tsa&#699;i, nun&#699;gi, hi&#699;ski, su&#699;tali, gul kwa&#699;gi,
+tsune&#699;la, aska&#699;hi</p>
+<p class="par">Hiwassee&mdash;Ayuhwa&#699;si.</p>
+<p class="par">hi&#699;yagu&#699;we&mdash;an unmeaning dance
+refrain.</p>
+<p class="par">Houston, Samuel&mdash;see Ka&#699;lanu.</p>
+<p class="par">huhu&mdash;the yellow-breasted chat, or yellow mocking
+bird (<i lang="la">Icteria virens</i>); the name is an onomatope.</p>
+<p class="par">hunyahu&#699;ska&mdash;&ldquo;he will die.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">hwi&#699;lahi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;thou (must)
+go.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Iau&#699;nigu&mdash;an important Cherokee settlement,
+commonly known to the whites as Seneca, formerly on Keowee river, about
+the mouth of Conneross creek, in Oconee county, S. C. Hopewell, the
+country seat of General Pickens, where the famous treaty was made, was
+near it on the east side of the river. The word cannot be translated,
+but has no connection with the tribal name, Seneca.</p>
+<p class="par">igagu&#699;ti&mdash;daylight. The name is sometimes
+applied to the ulunsu&#699;ti (q. v.) and also to the clematis
+vine.</p>
+<p class="par">i&#699;hya&mdash;the cane reed (<i lang=
+"la">Arundinaria</i>) of the Gulf states, used by the Indians for
+blow-guns, fishing rods and basketry.</p>
+<p class="par">ihya&#699;ga&mdash;see atsil&#699;sunti.</p>
+<p class="par">inadu&#699;&mdash;snake.</p>
+<p class="par">I&#699;nadu-na&#699;i&mdash;&ldquo;Going snake,&rdquo; a
+Cherokee chief prominent about eighty years ago. The name properly
+signifies that the person is &ldquo;going along in company with a
+snake,&rdquo; the verbal part being from the irregular verb
+asta&#699;i, &ldquo;I am going along with him.&rdquo; <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb232" href="#pb232" name="pb232">232</a>]</span>The
+name has been given to a district of the present Cherokee Nation.</p>
+<p class="par">i&#699;nage&#699;hi&mdash;dwelling in the wilderness, an
+inhabitant of the wilderness; from i&#699;nage&#699;i
+&ldquo;wilderness,&rdquo; and ehi, habitual present form of ehu,
+&ldquo;he is dwelling&rdquo;; ge&#699;u, &ldquo;I am
+dwelling.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">I&#699;nage-utasun&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;he who grew up
+in the wilderness,&rdquo; i. e., &ldquo;He who grew up wild&rdquo;;
+from i&#699;nage&#699;i, &ldquo;wilderness, unoccupied timber
+land,&rdquo; and utasun&#699;hi, the third person perfect of the
+irregular verb ga&#699;tunsku&#699;, &ldquo;I am growing up.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Ina&#699;li&mdash;Black-fox; the common red fox in
+tsu&#699;la (in Muscogee, chula). Black-fox was principal chief of the
+Cherokee Nation in 1810.</p>
+<p class="par">Iskagua&mdash;Name for &ldquo;Clear Sky,&rdquo; formerly
+&ldquo;Nenetooyah or the Bloody Fellow.&rdquo; The name appears thus in
+a document of 1791 as that of a Cherokee chief frequently mentioned
+about that period under the name of &ldquo;Bloody Fellow.&rdquo; In one
+treaty it is given as &ldquo;Eskaqua or Bloody Fellow.&rdquo; Both
+forms and etymologies are doubtful, neither form seeming to have any
+reference either to &ldquo;sky&rdquo; (galun&#699;lahi) or
+&ldquo;blood&rdquo; (gi&#699;ga). The first may be intended for
+Ik-e&#699;gwa, &ldquo;Great day.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Istanare&mdash;see Ustana&#699;li.</p>
+<p class="par">Itaba&mdash;see I&#699;tawa&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Itagu&#699;nahi&mdash;the Cherokee name of John Ax.</p>
+<p class="par">I&#699;tawa&#699;&mdash;The name of one or more Cherokee
+settlements. One, which existed until the Removal in 1838, was upon
+Etowah river, about the present Hightower, in Forsyth county, Ga.
+Another may have been on Hightower creek of Hiwassee river in Towns
+county, Ga. The name, commonly written Etowah and corrupted to
+Hightower, cannot <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb233" href="#pb233"
+name="pb233">233</a>]</span>be translated and seems not to be of
+Cherokee origin. A town, called Itaba, Ytaun or Ytava in the De Soto
+chronicles, existed in 1540 among the Creeks, apparently on Alabama
+river.</p>
+<p class="par">Itsa&#699;ti&mdash;commonly spelled Echota, Chota,
+Chote, Choquata (misprint), etc.; a name occurring in several places in
+the old Cherokee country; the meaning is lost. The most important
+settlement of this name, frequently distinguished as Great Echota, was
+on the south side of Little Tennessee. It was the ancient capital and
+sacred &ldquo;Peace town&rdquo; of the Nation. Little Echota was on
+Sautee (i. e., Its&#699;ti) creek, a head stream of the Chattahoochee,
+west of Clarksville, Ga. New Echota, the capital of the Nation for some
+years before the Removal, was established at a spot originally known as
+Gansa&#699;gi (q. v.) at the junction of the Oostanaula and Canasauga
+rivers, in Gordon county, Ga. It was sometimes called Newton. The old
+Macedonia mission on Soco creek, of the N. C. reservation, is also
+known as Itas&#699;ti to the Cherokee, as was also the great Nacoochee
+mound. See Nagutsi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Itse&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;New green place&rdquo; or
+&ldquo;Place of fresh green,&rdquo; from itse&#699;hi, &ldquo;green or
+unripe vegetation,&rdquo; and yi, the locative; applied more
+particularly to a tract of ground made green by fresh springing
+vegetation, after having been cleared of timber or burned over. A name
+occurring in several places in the Old Cherokee country, variously
+written Echia, Echoee, Etchowee, and sometimes also falsely rendered
+&ldquo;Brasstown,&rdquo; from a confusion of Itse&#699;yi with
+untsaiyi&#699;, &ldquo;brass.&rdquo; One settlement of this name was
+upon Brasstown creek of Tugaloo river, in Oconee county, S. C.; another
+was <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb234" href="#pb234" name=
+"pb234">234</a>]</span>on Little Tennessee river near the present
+Franklin, Macon county, N. C., and probably about the junction of
+Cartoogaja (Gatug-itse&#699;yi) creek; a third, known to the whites as
+Brasstown, was on upper Brasstown creek of Hiwassee river, in Towns
+county, Ga. In Cherokee, as in most other Indian languages, no clear
+distinction is made between green and blue.</p>
+<p class="par">i&#699;ya&mdash;pumpkin.</p>
+<p class="par">i&#699;ya&#699;-iuy&#699;sti&mdash;&ldquo;like a
+pumpkin,&rdquo; from <span class="corr" id="xd23e8482" title=
+"Source: iya">i&#699;ya</span> and iyu&#699;sti, like.</p>
+<p class="par"><span class="corr" id="xd23e8486" title=
+"Source: iya&#699;-tawi&#699;skage">i&#699;ya&#699;-tawi&#699;skage</span>&mdash;&ldquo;of
+pumpkin smoothness,&rdquo; from i&#699;ya, pumpkin, and
+tawi&#699;skage, smooth.</p>
+<p class="par">Jackson&mdash;see Tsek&#699;sini&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Jessan&mdash;see Tsesa&#699;ni.</p>
+<p class="par">Jesse Reid&mdash;see Tse&#699;si-Ska&#699;tsi.</p>
+<p class="par">Joanna Bald&mdash;see Diya&#699;hali&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Joara, Juada&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Sawa&#699;li.</p>
+<p class="par">John&mdash;see Tsa&#699;ni.</p>
+<p class="par">John Ax&mdash;see Itagu&#699;nahi.</p>
+<p class="par">Jolly, John&mdash;see Anu&#699;lude&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Junaluska&mdash;see Tsunu&#699;lahun&#699;ski.</p>
+<p class="par">Jutaculla&mdash;see Tsulkalu&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">ka&#699;gu&#699;&mdash;crow; the name is an
+onomatope.</p>
+<p class="par">Kagun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Crow place,&rdquo; from
+ka&#699;gu&#699;, and yi, locative.</p>
+<p class="par">ka&#699;i&mdash;grease, oil.</p>
+<p class="par">Kala&#699;asun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where he fell
+off,&rdquo; from tsila&#699;asku&#699;, &ldquo;I am falling off,&rdquo;
+and yi, locative. A cliff near Cold Spring knob, in Swain county, North
+Carolina.</p>
+<p class="par">Ka&#699;lahu&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;All-bones,&rdquo; from
+ka&#699;lu, bone. A former chief of the East Cherokee, also known in
+the tribe as Sawanu&#699;gi. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb235" href=
+"#pb235" name="pb235">235</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Ka&#699;lanu&mdash;&ldquo;The Raven&rdquo;; the name was
+used as a war title in the tribe and appears in the old documents as
+Corani (Lower dialect, Ka&#699;ranu) Colonneh, Colona, etc. It is the
+Cherokee name for General Samuel Houston or for any person named
+Houston.</p>
+<p class="par">Ka&#699;lanu Ahyeli&#699;ski&mdash;the Raven Mocker.</p>
+<p class="par">Ka&#699;lanun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Raven place,&rdquo;
+from ka&#699;lanu, raven, and yi, the locative. The proper name of
+Big-cove settlement upon the East Cherokee reservation, Swain county,
+N. C., sometimes also called Raventown.</p>
+<p class="par">kalas&#699;-gunahi&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;long hams&rdquo;
+(gunahi&#699;ta, &ldquo;long&rdquo;); a variety of bear.</p>
+<p class="par">Kal-detsi&#699;yunyi&mdash;&ldquo;where the bones
+are,&rdquo; from ka&#699;lu, bone, and detsi&#699;yunyi, &ldquo;where
+(yi) they (de&mdash;plural prefix) are lying.&rdquo; A spot near the
+junction of East Buffalo Creek with Cheowa river, in Graham county, N.
+C.</p>
+<p class="par">kama&#699;ma&mdash;butterfly.</p>
+<p class="par">kama&#699;ma u&#699;tanu&mdash;elephant; literally
+&ldquo;great butterfly,&rdquo; from the resemblance of the trunk and
+ears to the butterfly&rsquo;s proboscis and wings.</p>
+<p class="par">kanaha&#699;na&mdash;a sour corn gruel, much in use
+among the Cherokee and other Southern tribes; the tamfuli or &ldquo;Tom
+Fuller&rdquo; of the Creeks.</p>
+<p class="par">kanane&#699;ski&mdash;spider; also, from a fancied
+resemblance in appearance to a watch or clock.</p>
+<p class="par">kanane&#699;ski amaye&#699;hi&mdash;the water
+spider.</p>
+<p class="par">Kana&#699;sta, Kanastun&#699;yi&mdash;a traditional
+Cherokee settlement, formerly on the head-waters of the French Broad
+river, near the present Brevard, in Transylvania county, North
+Carolina. The meaning of the first name is lost. A settlement called
+Cannostee <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb236" href="#pb236" name=
+"pb236">236</a>]</span>or Cannastion is mentioned as existing on
+Hiwassee river in 1776.</p>
+<p class="par">kana&#699;talu&#699;hi&mdash;hominy cooked with walnut
+kernels.</p>
+<p class="par">Kana&#699;ti&mdash;&ldquo;Lucky Hunter&rdquo;; a
+masculine name, sometimes abbreviated Kanat&#699;. The word cannot be
+analyzed, but is used as a third person habitual verbal form to mean
+&ldquo;he is lucky, or successful, in hunting&rdquo;; the opposite is
+ukwa&#699;legu, &ldquo;unlucky, or unsuccessful, in hunting.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">kanegwa&#699;ti&mdash;the water-moccasin snake.</p>
+<p class="par">Kanuga&mdash;also written Canuga; a Lower Cherokee
+settlement, apparently on the waters of Keowee river, in S. C.,
+destroyed in 1751; also a traditional settlement on Pigeon river,
+probably near the present Waynesville, in Haywood county, N. C. The
+name signifies &ldquo;a scratcher,&rdquo; a sort of bone-toothed comb
+with which ball-players are scratched upon their naked skin preliminary
+to applying the conjured medicine; de&#699;tsinuga&#699;sku, &ldquo;I
+am scratching it.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">kanugu&#699; la (abbreviated nungu&#699;
+la)&mdash;&ldquo;scratcher,&rdquo; a generic term for blackberry,
+raspberry, and other brier bushes.</p>
+<p class="par">Kanu&#699;gulayi, or
+Kanu&#699;gulun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Brier place,&rdquo; from
+kanugu&#699;la, brier (cf. Kanu&#699;ga); a Cherokee settlement
+formerly on Nantahala river, about the mouth of Briertown creek, in
+Macon county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Kanun&#699;nawu&#699;&mdash;pipe.</p>
+<p class="par">Kasdu&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Ashes place,&rdquo; from
+kasdu, ashes, and yi, the locative. A modern Cherokee name for the town
+of Asheville, Buncombe county, N. C. The ancient name for the same site
+is Unta&#699;kiyasti&#699;yi, q. v. <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb237" href="#pb237" name="pb237">237</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Katal&#699;sta&mdash;an East Cherokee woman potter, the
+daughter of the chief Yanagun&#699;ski. The name conveys the idea of
+lending, from tsiyatal&#699;sta, &ldquo;I lend it&rdquo;;
+agatal&#699;sta, &ldquo;it is lent to him.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Kawan&#699;-ura&#699;sunyi&mdash;(abbreviated
+Kawan&#699;-ura&#699;sun in the Lower dialect)&mdash;&ldquo;where the
+duck fell,&rdquo; from kawa&#699;na, duck, ura&#699;sa (ula&#699;sa),
+&ldquo;it fell,&rdquo; and yi, locative. A point on Conneross creek
+(from Kawan&#699;-ura&#699;sun), near Seneca, in Oconee county, S.
+C.</p>
+<p class="par">Kawi&#699;yi (abbreviated Kawi&#699;)&mdash;a former
+important Cherokee settlement commonly known as Cowee, about the mouth
+of Cowee creek of Little Tennessee river, some 10 miles below Franklin,
+in Macon county, N. C. The name may possibly be a contraction of
+Ani&#699;-Kawi&#699;yi, &ldquo;Place of the Deer clan.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="table">
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft cellTop">
+<div class="figure xd23e8574width"><img src="images/p237-1.jpg" alt=
+"Occonestee Falls," width="313" height="657">
+<p class="figureHead">Occonestee Falls,</p>
+<p class="par first">In Transylvania Co., N. C.</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+<td class="cellRight cellTop">
+<div class="figure xd23e8581width" id="p237-2"><img src=
+"images/p237-2.jpg" alt="Linville Falls, N. C." width="320" height=
+"648">
+<p class="figureHead">Linville Falls, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;O&rsquo;er the precipice it plunges</p>
+<p class="line">Bounds and surges down the steep.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2" class="cellLeft cellRight cellBottom">
+<div class="figure xd23e8596width" id="p237-3"><img src=
+"images/p237-3.jpg" alt="Lower Fall. Triple Falls. Buck Forest, N.C."
+width="646" height="327">
+<p class="figureHead">Lower Fall. Triple Falls. Buck Forest, N.C.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Then it rushes fast and furious</p>
+<p class="line">Into mist and fog and spray.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par">Keeowhee&mdash;see Keowee.</p>
+<p class="par">Kenesaw&mdash;see Gansa&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Keowee&mdash;the name of two or more former Cherokee
+settlements. One sometimes distinguished as &ldquo;Old Keowee,&rdquo;
+the principal of the Lower Cherokee towns, was on the river of the same
+name, near the present Fort George, in Oconee county, of S. C. Another,
+distinguished as New Keowee, was on the head-waters of Twelve-mile
+creek, in Pickens county, S. C. According to Wafford the correct form
+is Kuwahi&#699;yi, abbreviated Kuwahi&#699;, <span class="corr" id=
+"xd23e8615" title="Not in source">&ldquo;</span>Mulberry-grove
+place.&rdquo; Says Wafford, &ldquo;the whites murdered the name as they
+always do.&rdquo; Cf. Kuwa&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Ke&#699;si-ka&#699;gamu&mdash;a woman&rsquo;s name, a
+Cherokee corruption of Cassie Cockran; ka&#699;gamu is also the
+Cherokee corruption for &ldquo;cucumber.&rdquo; <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb238" href="#pb238" name="pb238">238</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Ketoowah&mdash;see Kilu&#699;hwa.</p>
+<p class="par">Kittuwa&mdash;see Kitu&#699;hwa.</p>
+<p class="par">Kitu&#699;hwa&mdash;an important ancient Cherokee
+settlement formerly upon Tuckasegee river, and extending from above the
+junction of Oconaluftee down nearly to the present Bryson City, in
+Swain county, N. C. The name, which appears also as Kettooah, Kittoa,
+Kittowa, etc., has lost its meaning. The people of this and the
+subordinate settlements on the waters of the Tuckasegee were known as
+Ani&#699;-Kitu&#699;hwagi, and the name was frequently extended to
+include the whole tribe. For this reason it was adopted in later times
+as the name of the Cherokee secret organization, commonly known to the
+whites as the Ketoowah society, pledged to the defense of Cherokee
+autonomy.</p>
+<p class="par">kiyu ga&mdash;ground-squirrel; te&#699;wa, flying
+squirrel; sala&#699;li, gray squirrel.</p>
+<p class="par">Klausuna&mdash;see Tlanusi&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Knoxville&mdash;see Kuwanda&#699;ta lun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">ku!&mdash;an introductory explanation, to fix attention,
+about equivalent to &ldquo;Now!&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">kuku&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;cymbling&rdquo;; also the
+&ldquo;jigger weed,&rdquo; or &ldquo;pleurisy root&rdquo; (<i lang=
+"la">Asclepias tuberosa</i>). Coco creek of Hiwassee river, and Coker
+post-office, in Monroe county, Tennessee, derive their name from this
+word.</p>
+<p class="par">Kulsetsi&#699;yi (abbreviated
+Kulse&#699;tsi)&mdash;&ldquo;Honey-locust place,&rdquo; from
+kulse&#699;tsi, honey-locust (<i lang="la">Gleditschia</i>) and yi,
+locative; as the same word, kulse&#699; tsi, is also used for
+&ldquo;sugar,&rdquo; the local name has commonly been rendered
+Sugartown by the traders. The name of several former settlement places
+in <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb239" href="#pb239" name=
+"pb239">239</a>]</span>the old Cherokee country. One was upon Keowee
+river, near the present Fall creek, in Oconee county, S. C.; another
+was on Sugartown or Cullasagee (Kulse&#699;tsi) creek, near the present
+Franklin, in Macon county, N. C.; a third was on Sugartown creek, near
+the present Morgantown, in Fannin county, Ga.</p>
+<p class="par">Kunnesee&mdash;see Tsi&#699;yu-gunsi&#699;ni.</p>
+<p class="par">Kunstutsi&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Sassafras place,&rdquo;
+from kunstu&#699;tsi, sassafras, and yi, locative. A gap in the Great
+Smoky range, about the head of Noland creek, on the line between North
+Carolina and Sevier county, Tenn.</p>
+<p class="par">kunu&#699;nu (abbreviated kunun&#699;)&mdash;the
+bullfrog; the name is probably an onomatope; the common green frog is
+wala&#699;si and there are also names for several other varieties of
+frogs and toads.</p>
+<p class="par">Kusa&#699;&mdash;Coosa creek, an upper tributary of
+Nottely river, near Blairsville, Union county, Georgia. The change of
+accent from Ku&#699;sa (Creek, see Ani&#699;-Ku&#699;sa) makes it
+locative.</p>
+<p class="par">Ku&#699;sa-nunna&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Creek
+trail,&rdquo; from Ku&#699;sa, Creek Indian, and Nunna&#699;hi, path,
+trail; cf. Suwa&#699;li-nunna&#699;hi. A former important Cherokee
+settlement, including also a number of Creeks and Shawano, where the
+trail from the Ohio region to the creek country crossed Tennessee
+river, at the present Guntersville, in Marshall county, Ala. It was
+known to the traders as Creek-path, and later as Gunter&rsquo;s
+landing, from a Cherokee mixed-blood named Gunter.</p>
+<p class="par">Ku&#699;swati&#699;yi (abbreviated
+Ku&#699;saweti&#699;)&mdash;&ldquo;Old Creek place,&rdquo; from
+Ku&#699;sa, a Creek Indian (plural Ani&#699;-ku&#699;sa), uwe&#699;ti,
+old, and yi, locative. Coosawatee, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb240"
+href="#pb240" name="pb240">240</a>]</span>an important Cherokee
+settlement formerly on the lower part of Coosawatee river, in Gordon
+county, Ga. In one document the name appears, by error,
+Tensawattee.</p>
+<p class="par">Kuwa&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Mulberry place,&rdquo; from
+ku&#699;wa, mulberry tree, and hi, locative. Clingman&rsquo;s dome,
+about the head of Deep creek, on the Great Smoky range, between Swain
+county, N. C., and Sevier county, Tenn. See also Keowee.</p>
+<p class="par">Kuwanda&#699;ta lun&#699;yi (abbreviated Kuwanda&#699;ta
+lun)&mdash;&ldquo;Mulberry grove,&rdquo; from ku&#699;wa, mulberry; the
+Cherokee name for the present site of Knoxville, in Knox county,
+Tenn.</p>
+<p class="par">Kwa&#699;li, Kwalun&#699;yi&mdash;Qualla or Quallatown,
+the former agency for the East Cherokee and now a post-office station,
+just outside the reservation, on a branch of Soco creek, in Jackson
+county, North Carolina. It is the Cherokee form for
+&ldquo;Polly,&rdquo; and the station was so-called from an old woman of
+that name who formerly lived near by; Kwa&#699;li, &ldquo;Polly&rdquo;
+Kwalun&#699;yi, &ldquo;Polly&rsquo;s place.&rdquo; The reservation is
+locally known as the Qualla boundary.</p>
+<p class="par">kwandaya&#699;hu&mdash;see da&#699;liksta&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">la&#699;lu&mdash;the jar-fly (<i lang="la">Cicada
+auletes</i>).</p>
+<p class="par">Little Carpenter, Little Cornplanter&mdash;see
+Ata&#699;-gul kalu&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Long-hair&mdash;a Cherokee chief living with his band in
+Ohio in 1795. The literal Cherokee translation of
+&ldquo;Long-hair&rdquo; is Gitlu&#699;gunahi&#699;ta, but it is not
+certain that the English name is a correct rendering of the Indian
+form. Cf. Ani&#699;-Gila&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Long Island&mdash;see Amaye li-gunahi&#699;ta.</p>
+<p class="par">Lookout Mountain Town&mdash;see
+Danda&#699;ganu&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Lowrey, Major George&mdash;see Agili. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb241" href="#pb241" name="pb241">241</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Mayes, J. B.&mdash;see Tsa&#699;wa Gak&#699;ski.</p>
+<p class="par">Memphis&mdash;see Tsuda&#699;talesun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Mialaquo&mdash;see Amaye l-e&#699;gwa.</p>
+<p class="par">Moses&mdash;see Wa&#699;si.</p>
+<p class="par">Moytoy&mdash;a Cherokee chief recognized by the English
+as &ldquo;emperor&rdquo; in 1730. Both the correct form and the meaning
+of the name are uncertain; the name occurs again as Moyatoy in a
+document of 1793; a boy upon the East Cherokee reservation a few years
+ago bore the name of Ma&#699;tayi&#699;, for which no meaning can be
+found or given.</p>
+<p class="par">Mussel Shoals&mdash;see Dagu&#699;nahi.</p>
+<p class="par">Nacoochee&mdash;<span class="corr" id="xd23e8703" title=
+"Not in source">see</span> Na&#699;gu tsi.</p>
+<p class="par">Na&#699;duli&mdash;known to the whites as Nottely. A
+former Cherokee settlement on Nottely river, close to the Georgia line,
+in Cherokee county, N. C. The name cannot be translated and has not any
+connection with na tu li, &ldquo;spicewood.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Na&#699;gu tsi&#699;&mdash;a former important settlement
+about the junction of Soquee and Santee rivers, in Nacoochee valley, at
+the head of Chattahoochee river, in Habersham county, Ga. The meaning
+of the word is lost and it is doubtful if it be of Cherokee origin. It
+may have some connection with the name of the Uchee Indians. The great
+mound farther up Sautee river, in White county, was known to the
+Cherokee as Itsa&#699;ti.</p>
+<p class="par">nakwisi&#699; (abbreviated nakusi)&mdash;star; also the
+meadow lark.</p>
+<p class="par">nakwisi&#699; usdi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;little
+star&rdquo;; the puffball fungus (<i lang="la">Lycoperdon?</i>).</p>
+<p class="par">Na&#699;na-tlu gun&#699;yi (abbreviated Na&#699;na-tlu
+gun&#699;, or Na&#699;na-tsu gun&#699;)&mdash;&ldquo;Spruce-tree
+place,&rdquo; from na&#699;na, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb242"
+href="#pb242" name="pb242">242</a>]</span>spruce, tlu gun&#699;i, or
+tsu gun&#699;i, a tree (standing) and yi, locative, 1. A traditional
+ancient Cherokee settlement on the site of Jonesboro, Washington
+county, Tenn. The name of Nolichucky river is probably a corruption of
+the same word. 2. Nan-tsu gun, a place on Nottely river, close to its
+junction with Hiwassee, in Cherokee county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Nanehi&mdash;see Nunne&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Nantahala&mdash;see Nundaye&#699; li.</p>
+<p class="par">Nashville&mdash;see Dagu&#699;nawe&#699;lahi.</p>
+<p class="par">Natchez&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Na&prime;tsi.</p>
+<p class="par">Nats-asun&#699;tlunyi (abbreviated <span class="corr"
+id="xd23e8732" title=
+"Source: Na ts-asun&#699;tlun">Nats-asun&#699;tlun</span>)&mdash;&ldquo;Pine-footing
+place,&rdquo; from na&prime;tsi, pine, asun&#699;tli or
+asun-tlun&#699;i, footlog, bridge, and yi, locative. A former Cherokee
+settlement, commonly known as Pinelog, on the creek of the same name,
+in Bartow county, Georgia.</p>
+<p class="par">na&prime;tsi&mdash;pine.</p>
+<p class="par">na&#699;tsiku&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;I eat it&rdquo;
+(tsi&#699;kiu&#699;, &ldquo;I am eating&rdquo;).</p>
+<p class="par">na tu li&mdash;spicewood (<i lang="la">Lindera
+benzoin</i>).</p>
+<p class="par">Naye&#699;hi&mdash;see Nunne&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Nayunuwi&mdash;see Nunyunu&#699;wi.</p>
+<p class="par">nehanduyanu&#699;&mdash;a song form for
+nehadu&#699;yanu&#699;, an irregular verbal form denoting
+&ldquo;conceived in the womb.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Nellawgitehi&mdash;given as the name of a Lower Cherokee
+chief in 1684. The correct form and meaning are both uncertain, but the
+final part seems to be the common suffix didi&#699;,
+&ldquo;killer.&rdquo; Cf. Ta&#699;gwadiahi&#699;<span class="corr" id=
+"xd23e8753" title="Not in source">.</span></p>
+<p class="par">Nenetooyah&mdash;see Iskagua.</p>
+<p class="par">Nequassee&mdash;see Ki&#699;kwasi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Nettecawaw&mdash;see Gatayu&#699;sti.</p>
+<p class="par">Nettle-carrier&mdash;see Tale&#699;danigi&#699;ski.</p>
+<p class="par">New Echota, Newtown&mdash;see Itsa&#699;ti.</p>
+<p class="par">Nickajack&mdash;see Nikutse&#699;gi. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb243" href="#pb243" name="pb243">243</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Nicotani&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Kuta&#699;ni.</p>
+<p class="par">Nikwasi&#699; (or Nikwsi&#699;)&mdash;an important
+ancient settlement on Little Tennessee river, where now is the town of
+Franklin, in Macon county, N. C. A large mound marks the site of the
+town-house. The name appears in old documents as Nequassee, Nucassee,
+etc. Its meaning is lost.</p>
+<p class="par">Nikutse&#699;gi (also Nukatse&#699;gi, Nikwatse&#699;gi,
+or abbreviated Nikutseg&#699;)&mdash;Nickajack, an important Cherokee
+settlement, about 1790, on the south bank of Tennessee river, at the
+entrance of Nickajack creek, in Marion county, Tenn. One of the Five
+Chickamauga towns (see Tsikama&#699;gi). The meaning of the word is
+lost and it is probably not of Cherokee origin, although it occurs also
+in the tribe as a man&rsquo;s name. In the corrupted form of
+&ldquo;Nigger Jack,&rdquo; it occurs also as the name of a creek of
+Cullasaja river above Franklin, in Macon county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Nilaque&mdash;see Amaye l-e&#699;gwa.</p>
+<p class="par">Nolichucky&mdash;see Na&#699;na-tlugun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Notchy&mdash;a creek entering Tellico river, in Monroe
+county, Tenn. The name evidently refers to Natchez Indian refugees, who
+formerly lived in the vicinity (see Ani&#699;-Na&prime;tsi).</p>
+<p class="par">Nottely&mdash;see Na&#699;duli&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">nu&mdash;used as a suffix to denote &ldquo;and,&rdquo;
+or &ldquo;also&rdquo;; u&#699;le-nu, &ldquo;and also&rdquo;
+na&#699;ski-nu&#699;, &ldquo;and that,&rdquo; &ldquo;that
+also.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Nucassee&mdash;see Nikwasi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">nu&#699;dunnelu&#699;&mdash;he did so and so: an
+irregular form apparently connected with the archaic forms
+adunni&#699;ga, <span class="corr" id="xd23e8790" title=
+"Source: &rdquo; ">&ldquo;</span>it has just become so,&rdquo; and
+udunnu, &ldquo;it is matured, or finished.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Nugatsa&#699;ni&mdash;a ridge sloping down to
+Oconaluftee river, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb244" href="#pb244"
+name="pb244">244</a>]</span>below Cherokee, in Swain county, N. C. An
+archaic form denoting a high ridge with a long gradual slope.</p>
+<p class="par">nu&#699;na&mdash;potato; the name was originally applied
+to the wild &ldquo;pig potato&rdquo; (<i lang="la">Phaseolus</i>), now
+distinguished as mu&#699;na igatehi, &ldquo;swamp-dwelling
+potato.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">nun&#699;da&mdash;the sun or moon, distinguished as
+unu&#699;da&#699; ige&#699;hi, nun&#699;da&#699; &ldquo;dwelling in the
+day,&rdquo; and nun&#699;da&#699; sunna&#699;yehi, nun&#699;da
+&ldquo;dwelling in the night.&rdquo; In the sacred formulas the moon is
+sometimes called Ge yagu&#699;ga, or Su&#699;talidihi,
+&ldquo;Six-keller,&rdquo; names apparently founded upon myths now
+lost.</p>
+<p class="par">nun&#699;da&#699;-dikani&mdash;a rare bird formerly seen
+occasionally in the old Cherokee country, possibly the little blue
+heron (<i lang="la">Floridus cerulea</i>). The name seems to mean
+&ldquo;it looks at the sun,&rdquo; i. e., &ldquo;sun-gazer,&rdquo; from
+nun&#699;da&#699;, sun, and da&#699;ka na&#699; or detsi&#699;ka na,
+&ldquo;I am looking at it.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Nundawe&#699;gi&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Nundawe&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Nun&#699;daye li&mdash;&ldquo;Middle (i. e., Noonday)
+sun,&rdquo; from nunda&#699;, <span class="corr" id="xd23e8814" title=
+"Source: sen">sun</span> and aye li, middle; a former Cherokee
+settlement on Nantahala river, near the present Jarrett station, in
+Macon county, N. C., so-called from the high cliffs which shut out the
+view of the sun until nearly noon. The name appears also as Nantahala,
+Nantiyallee, Nuntialla, etc. It appears to have been applied properly
+only to the point on the river where the cliffs are most perpendicular,
+while the settlement itself was known as Kanu&#699;gu la&#699;yi,
+&ldquo;Briertown,&rdquo; q. v.</p>
+<p class="par">Nun&#699;dagun&#699;yi, Nunda&#699;yi&mdash;the Sun
+land, or east; from nun&#699;da&#699;, sun, and yi, locative. Used in
+the sacred formulas instead of di&#699;galungun&#699;yi<span class=
+"corr" id="xd23e8819" title="Source: .">,</span> &ldquo;where it
+rises,&rdquo; the common word. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb245"
+href="#pb245" name="pb245">245</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">nun&#699;gi&mdash;four. See hi&#699;ski.</p>
+<p class="par">nungu la&mdash;see kanugu&#699; la.</p>
+<p class="par">nunna&#699;hi (abbreviated nunna)&mdash;a path, trail or
+road.</p>
+<p class="par">Nunna&#699;hi-dihi&#699; (abbreviated
+Nun&#699;na-dihi&#699;)&mdash;&ldquo;Path-killer,&rdquo; literally,
+&ldquo;he kills (habitually) in the path,&rdquo; from nun&#699;nahi,
+path, and ahihi&#699;, &ldquo;he kills&rdquo; (habitually); &ldquo;I am
+killing,&rdquo; tsi&#699;ihu&#699;. A principal chief, about the year
+1813. Major John Ridge was originally known by the same name, but
+afterward took the name, Gunun&#699;da le&#699;gi, &ldquo;One who
+follows the ridge,&rdquo; which the whites made simply ridge.</p>
+<p class="par">Nunna&#699;hi-tsune&#699;ga (abbreviated)
+Nunna-tsune&#699;ga&mdash;<span class="corr" id="xd23e8833" title=
+"Not in source">&ldquo;</span>white-path,&rdquo; from nunna&#699;hi,
+path, and tsune&#699;ga, plural of une&#699;ga, white; the form is the
+plural, as is common in Indian names, and has probably a symbolic
+reference to the &ldquo;white&rdquo; or peaceful paths spoken of in the
+opening invocation at the green corn dance. A noted chief who led the
+conservative party about 1828.</p>
+<p class="par">Nunne&#699;hi (also Gunne&#699;hi; singular
+Naye&#699;hi)&mdash;a race of invisible spirit people. The name is
+derived from the verb e&#699;hu&#699;, &ldquo;I dwell, I live,&rdquo;
+e&#699;hi&#699;, &ldquo;I dwell habitually,&rdquo; and may be rendered
+&ldquo;dwellers anywhere,&rdquo; or &ldquo;those who live
+anywhere,&rdquo; but implies having always been there, i. e.,
+&ldquo;Immortals.&rdquo; It has been spelled Nanehi and Nuhnayie by
+different writers. The singular form Naye&#699;hi occurs also as a
+personal name, about equivalent to Eda&#699;hi, &ldquo;One who goes
+about.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Nuniyu&#699;sti&mdash;&ldquo;potato-like,<span class=
+"corr" id="xd23e8841" title="Not in source">&rdquo;</span> from
+nu&#699;na, potato, and iyu&#699;sti, like. A flowering vine with
+tuberous root somewhat resembling the potato. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb246" href="#pb246" name="pb246">246</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Nunyu&#699;&mdash;rock, stone.</p>
+<p class="par">Nunyu&#699;-gunwam&#699;ski&mdash;&ldquo;Rock that
+talks,&rdquo; from nunyu&#699;, rock, and tsiwa&#699;nihu, &ldquo;I am
+talking.&rdquo; A rock from which Talking-rock creek of Coosawatee
+river, in Georgia, derives its name.</p>
+<p class="par">Nun&#699;yunu&#699;wi&mdash;contracted from
+Nunyu-unu&#699;wi. &ldquo;Stone-clad,&rdquo; from nunyu, rock, and
+agwaun&#699;wu, &ldquo;I am clothed or covered.&rdquo; A mythic
+monster, invulnerable by reason of his stony skin. The name is also
+applied sometimes to the stinging ant, dasuntali atatsunski, q. v. It
+has also been spelled Nayunuwi.</p>
+<p class="par">Nunyu&#699;-tlu guni (or Nunyu-tsu
+gun&#699;i)&mdash;&ldquo;Tree-rock,&rdquo; a notable rock on Hiwassee
+river, just within the N. C. line.</p>
+<p class="par">Nunyu&#699;-twi&#699;ska&mdash;&ldquo;Slick rock,&rdquo;
+from nunyu&#699;, rock, and twiska, smooth, slick; the form remains
+unchanged for the locative. 1. Slick-rock creek, entering Little
+Tennessee river just within the west line of Graham county, N. C. 2. A
+place at the extreme head of Brasstown creek of Hiwassee river, in
+Towns county, Ga.</p>
+<p class="par">Ocoee&mdash;see Uwaga&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Oconaluftee&mdash;see Egwanul ti.</p>
+<p class="par">Oconee&mdash;see Ukwu&#699;nu.</p>
+<p class="par">Oconostota&mdash;see Agansta&#699;ta.</p>
+<p class="par">Old Tassel&mdash;see Utsi&#699;dsata&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Ooltewah&mdash;see Ultiwa&#699;i.</p>
+<p class="par">Oostinaleh&mdash;see U&#699;stana&#699;li.</p>
+<p class="par">Oothealoga&mdash;see Uy&#699;gila&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Otacite, Otassite&mdash;see Outacity.</p>
+<p class="par">Otari, Otariyatiqui&mdash;mentioned as a place,
+apparently on the Cherokee frontier, visited by Pardo in <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb247" href="#pb247" name=
+"pb247">247</a>]</span>1567. Otari seems to be the Cherokee atari or
+atali, mountain, but the rest of the word is doubtful.</p>
+<p class="par">Ottare&mdash;see a&#699;tali.</p>
+<p class="par">Owasta&mdash;given as the name of a Cherokee chief in
+1684; the form cannot be identified.</p>
+<p class="par">Ougillogy&mdash;see Uy&#699;gila&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Outacity&mdash;given in documents as the name or title
+of a prominent Cherokee chief about 1720. It appears also as Otacite,
+Ottassite, Outassatah, Wootassite and Wrosetasatow (!), but the form
+cannot be identified, although it seems to contain the personal name
+suffix diha&#699;, &ldquo;killer.&rdquo; Timberlake says: &ldquo;There
+are some other honorary titles among them, conferred in reward of great
+actions; the first of which is Outacity or &ldquo;Man-killer,&rdquo;
+and the second Colona or &ldquo;The Raven.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Outassatah&mdash;see Outacity.</p>
+<p class="par">Owassa&mdash;see Ayuhwa&#699;si.</p>
+<p class="par">Paint-town&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Wa&#699;dihi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Path-killer&mdash;see Nuna&#699;hi-dihi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Phoenix, Cherokee&mdash;see
+Tsule&#699;hisanun&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Pigeon River&mdash;see Wayi.</p>
+<p class="par">Pine Indians&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Na&prime;tsi.</p>
+<p class="par">Pinelog&mdash;see Na ts-asun&#699;tlunyi.</p>
+<p class="par">Qualatchee&mdash;a former Cherokee settlement on the
+headwaters of the Chattahoochee river in Georgia; another of the same
+name was upon the waters of Keowee river in S. C. The correct form is
+unknown.</p>
+<p class="par">Qualla&mdash;see Kwali.</p>
+<p class="par">Quaxule&mdash;see Guaxule. <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb248" href="#pb248" name="pb248">248</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Quinahaqui&mdash;a place, possibly in the Cherokee
+country, visited by Pardo in 1567. The form cannot be identified.</p>
+<p class="par">Quoneashee&mdash;see Tlanusi&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Rattlesnake Springs&mdash;see Utsanatiyi.</p>
+<p class="par">Rattling-Gourd&mdash;see Ganseti.</p>
+<p class="par">Raventown&mdash;see Kalanun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Red Clay&mdash;see Elawa&#699;diyi.</p>
+<p class="par">Reid, Jesse&mdash;see Tse&#699;si-Ska&#699;tsi.</p>
+<p class="par">Ridge, Major John&mdash;see
+Nunna&#699;hi-dihi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Ross, John&mdash;see Gu&#699;wisguwi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Ross' Landing&mdash;see Tsatanu&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Sadayi&#699;&mdash;a feminine name, the proper name of
+the woman known to the whites as Annie Ax; it cannot be translated.</p>
+<p class="par">Sagwa&#699;hi, or Sagwun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;One
+place,&rdquo; from sa&#699;gwu, one, and hi or yi, locative. Soco creek
+of Oconaluftee river, on the East Cherokee reservation, in Jackson
+county, N. C. No satisfactory reason is given for the name, which has
+its parallel in Tsaska&#699;hi, &ldquo;Thirty place,&rdquo; a local
+name in Cherokee county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">sa&#699;gwalt&#699;&mdash;horse; from asagwalihu, a pack
+or burden, asagwal lu&#699;; &ldquo;there is a pack on him.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">sa&#699;gwali digu&#699;lanahi&#699;ta&mdash;mule;
+literally &ldquo;long-eared horse,&rdquo; from sa&#699;gwali, horse,
+and digu&#699;lanahi&#699;ta, q. v.</p>
+<p class="par">saikwa&#699;yi&mdash;bear-grass (<i lang=
+"la">Erynigium</i>) also the greensnake, on account of a fancied
+resemblance; the name of a former Cherokee settlement on Sallacoa creek
+of Coosawatee river, in Gordon county, Ga. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb249" href="#pb249" name="pb249">249</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Sakwi&#699;yi (or Suki&#699;yi; abbreviated Sakwi&#699;
+or Suki&#699;)&mdash;a former settlement on Soquee river, a head stream
+of Chattahoochee, near Clarksville, Habersham county, Ga. Also written
+Saukee and Sookee. The name has lost its meaning.</p>
+<p class="par">sala&#699;li&mdash;squirrel; the common gray squirrel;
+other varieties are kiyu ga, the ground squirrel, and tewa, the flying
+squirrel; Sala&#699;li was also the name of an East Cherokee inventor
+who died a few years ago; Sala&#699;lani&#699;ta&#699;
+&ldquo;Young-squirrels,&rdquo; is a masculine personal name on the
+reservation.</p>
+<p class="par">saligu&#699;gi&mdash;turtle, the common water turtle;
+soft-shell turtle, u&#699;lana&#699;wa; land tortoise or terrapin,
+tuksi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Sa&#699;nigila&#699;gi (abbreviated San
+gila&#699;gi)&mdash;Whiteside mountain, a prominent peak of the Blue
+Ridge, southeast from Franklin, Macon county, N. C. It is connected
+with the tradition of Utlun&#699;ta.</p>
+<p class="par">Santeetla&mdash;the present map name of a creek joining
+Cheiwa river in Graham county, N. C., and of a smaller tributary
+(Little Santeetla). The name is not recognized or understood by the
+Cherokee, who insist that it was given by the whites. Little Santeetla
+is known to the Cherokee as Tsundanilti&#699;yi, q. v.; the modern
+Santeetla creek is commonly known as Nayu&#699;higeyun&#699;i,
+&ldquo;Sand-place stream,&rdquo; from &ldquo;Nuyu&#699;hi, &ldquo;Sand
+place&rdquo; (nayu, sand), a former settlement just above the junction
+of the two creeks.</p>
+<p class="par">Sara&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Suwa&#699;li.</p>
+<p class="par">Sa&#699;sa&#699;&mdash;goose; an onomatope.</p>
+<p class="par">Sautee&mdash;see Itsa&#699;ti.</p>
+<p class="par">Savannah&mdash;the popular name of this river is derived
+from that of the Shawano Indians, formerly living upon its middle
+course, and known to the Cherokee as <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb250" href="#pb250" name=
+"pb250">250</a>]</span>Ani&#699;Swanu&#699;gi, q. v., to the Creeks as
+Savanuka, and to some of the coast tribes of Carolina as Savanna. In
+old documents the river is also called Isundiga, from Isu&#699;nigu or
+Seneca, q. v., an important former Cherokee settlement upon its upper
+waters.</p>
+<p class="par">Sawanu&#699;gi&mdash;&ldquo;Shawano&rdquo; (Indian); a
+masculine personal name upon the East Cherokee reservation and
+prominent in the history of the band. See Ani&#699;Sawanu&#699;gi and
+Ka&#699;lahu&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Sawnook&mdash;see Ka&#699;lahu&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Sehwate&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Hornet place,&rdquo; from
+se&#699;hwatu, hornet, and yi, locative. Cheowa Maximum and Swim Bald,
+adjoining bald peaks at the head of Cheowa river, Graham county, N.
+C.</p>
+<p class="par">selu&mdash;corn; sometimes called in the sacred formulas
+Agawe&#699;la, &ldquo;The Old Woman.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">sel-utsi&#699; (for
+selu-utsi&#699;)&mdash;&ldquo;corn&rsquo;s mother,&rdquo; from selu,
+corn, and utsi&#699;, his mother (etsi&#699; or agitsi&#699;, my
+mother); the bead-corn or Job&rsquo;s-tears (<i lang="la">Coix
+lacryma</i><span class="corr" id="xd23e8979" title=
+"Source: .)">).</span></p>
+<p class="par">Seneca&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Nun&#699;dawe&#699;gi (Seneca
+tribe), and Isu&#699;nigu. (Seneca town.)</p>
+<p class="par">Sequatchee&mdash;see Si&#699;gwetsi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Sequoya&mdash;see Sikwayi.</p>
+<p class="par">Setsi&mdash;a mound and traditional Cherokee settlement
+on the south side of the Valley river, about three miles below
+Valleytown, in Cherokee county, N. C.; the name has lost its meaning. A
+settlement called Tasetsi (Tassetchie in some old documents) existed on
+the extreme head of Hiwassee river, in Towns county, Ga.</p>
+<p class="par">Sevier&mdash;see Tsan&#699;-usdi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Shoe-boots&mdash;see Da&#699;si giya&#699;gi.
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb251" href="#pb251" name=
+"pb251">251</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Shooting creek&mdash;see Du&#699;stayalun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Si&#699;gwetsi&#699;&mdash;a traditional Cherokee
+settlement on the south bank of French Broad river, not far from
+Knoxville, Knox county, Tenn. Near by was the quarry from which it is
+said the stone for the white peace pipes was obtained. Swquatchee, the
+name of the river below Chattanooga, in Tenn., is probably a corruption
+of the same word.</p>
+<p class="par">si&#699;dwa&mdash;hog; originally the name of the
+opossum, now distinguished as si&#699;kwa utset&#699;sti, q. v.</p>
+<p class="par">si&#699;kwa utset&#699;sti&mdash;opossum; literally
+&ldquo;grinning hog,&rdquo; from si&#699;kwa, hog, and utset&#699;sti,
+&ldquo;he grins&rdquo; (habitually).</p>
+<p class="par">Sikwa&#699;yi&mdash;a masculine name, commonly written
+Sequoya, made famous as that of the inventor of the Cherokee alphabet.
+The name, which cannot be translated, is still in use upon the East
+Cherokee reservation.</p>
+<p class="par">Sikwi&#699;a&mdash;a masculine name, the Cherokee
+corruption for Sevier. See also Tsan-usdi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">sinnawah&mdash;see tla&#699;nuwa.</p>
+<p class="par">Si&#699;tiku&#699; (or su&#699;tagu&#699;, in dialectic
+form)&mdash;a former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river, at
+the entrance of Citico creek, in Monroe county, Tenn. The name, which
+cannot be translated, is commonly spelled Citico, but appears also as
+Sattiquo<span class="corr" id="xd23e9012" title="Source: .">,</span>
+Settico, Settacoo, Sette, Sittiquo, etc.</p>
+<p class="par">siyu&#699;&mdash;see a&#699;siyu&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">skinta&#699;&mdash;for skin&#699;tagu&#699;, understood
+to mean &ldquo;put a new tooth into my jaw.&rdquo; The word cannot be
+analyzed, but is derived from gantka&#699; (ganta ga in a dialectic
+form) a tooth in place; a tooth detached is kayu ga.</p>
+<p class="par">Skwan&#699;-digu gun&#699;yi (for Askwan&#699;-digu
+gun&#699;yi<span class="corr" id="xd23e9022" title=
+"Not in source">)</span>&mdash;&ldquo;where the Spaniard is in the
+water&rdquo; (or other liquid). A place on Upper Soco creek, on the
+reservation in Jackson county, N. C. <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb252" href="#pb252" name="pb252">252</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Slick Rock&mdash;see Nunyu&#699;tawi&#699;ska.</p>
+<p class="par">Smith, N. J.&mdash;see Tsaladihi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Snowbird&mdash;see Tuti&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Soco creek&mdash;see Sagwa&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Soco Gap&mdash;see Ahalu&#699;na.</p>
+<p class="par">Soquee&mdash;see Sakwi&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Spray, H. W.&mdash;see Wilsini&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">spring-frog&mdash;see Du&#699;stu&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Standing Indian&mdash;see Yunwi-tsulenun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Stand Watie&mdash;see De&#699;gataga.</p>
+<p class="par">Stekoa&mdash;see Stika&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">ste&#699;tsi&mdash;&ldquo;your daughter&rdquo;;
+literally, &ldquo;your offspring&rdquo;; agwe&#699;tsi, &ldquo;my
+offspring&rdquo;; uwe&#699;tsi, &ldquo;his offspring&rdquo;; to
+distinguish sex it is necessary to add asga&#699;ya, &ldquo;man&rdquo;
+or age&#699;hya, &ldquo;woman.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Stika&#699;yi (variously spelled Stecoe, Steecoy,
+Stekoah, Stickoey, etc.)&mdash;the name of several former Cherokee
+settlements: 1. Sticoa creek, near Clayton, Babun county, Ga.; 2. on
+Tuckasegee river at the old Thomas homestead just above the present
+Whittier, in Swain county, N. C.; 3. on Stekoa creek of Little
+Tennessee river, a few miles below the junction of Nantahala, in Graham
+county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Stringfield&mdash;see Tlage&#699;si.</p>
+<p class="par">stugi&#699;sti, stui&#699;ski&mdash;a key.</p>
+<p class="par">Suck, The&mdash;see Un&#699;tiguhi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Sugartown&mdash;see Kulse&#699;tsi&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">su&#699;nawa&#699;&mdash;see tla&#699;nuwa.</p>
+<p class="par">sunestla&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;split noses&rdquo;; see
+tsunu liyu&#699; sunestla&#699;ta.</p>
+<p class="par">sungi&mdash;mink; also onion; the name seems to refer to
+a smell; the various minks are called generically, gaw sun&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Suki&#699;yi&mdash;another form of Sakwi&#699;yi, q.
+v.</p>
+<p class="par">su&#699;li&#699;&mdash;buzzard; the Creek name is the
+same. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb253" href="#pb253" name=
+"pb253">253</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Sun Land&mdash;see Nunda&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">su&#699;sa&#699;-sai&#699;&mdash;an unmeaning song
+refrain.</p>
+<p class="par">su&#699;talidihi&#699;&mdash;see nun&#699;da&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Suwa&#699;li-nunna&#699;hi (abbreviated
+Suwa&#699;li-nunna&#699;hi)&mdash;&ldquo;Suwali train,&rdquo; the
+proper name for the gap at the head of Swannanoa (from
+Suwa&#699;li-Nun&#699;na&#699;) river east of Asheville, in Buncombe
+county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Suwa&#699;ni&mdash;a former Cherokee settlement on
+Chattahoochee river, about the present Suwanee, in Gwinnett county, Ga.
+The name has no meaning in the Cherokee language and is said to be of
+Creek origin.</p>
+<p class="par">Suye&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;the Chosen One,&rdquo; from
+asuye&#699;ta, &ldquo;he is chosen,&rdquo; gasu&#699;yeu, &ldquo;I am
+choosing&rdquo;; the same form, suye&#699;ta, could also mean mixed,
+from gasu&#699;yahu, &ldquo;I am mixing it.&rdquo; A masculine name at
+present borne by a prominent ex-chief and informant upon the East
+Cherokee reservation.</p>
+<p class="par">Swannanoa&mdash;see Wuwa&#699;li-nunna&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Swim Bald&mdash;see Sehwate&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Swimmer&mdash;see Ayun&#699;ini.</p>
+<p class="par">tadeya&#699;statakuhi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;we shall see
+each other.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Tae-keo-ge&mdash;see Ta ski&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">ta&#699;gu&mdash;the June-bug (<i lang="la">Allorhina
+nitida</i>), also called tuya-diskalaw tsiski, &ldquo;one who keeps
+fire under the beans.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Ta&#699;gwa&mdash;see Ani&#699;ta&#699;gwa.</p>
+<p class="par">Ta&#699;gwadihi&#699; (abbreviated
+Ta&#699;gwadi&#699;)&mdash;&ldquo;Catawba-killer,&rdquo; from
+Ata&#699;gwa or Ta&#699;gwa, <span class="corr" id="xd23e9105" title=
+"Not in source">&ldquo;</span>Cattawba Indian,<span class="corr" id=
+"xd23e9108" title="Not in source">&rdquo;</span> and dihihi&#699;,
+&ldquo;he kills them&rdquo; (habitually), from tsi&#699;ihu&#699;.
+&ldquo;I kill.&rdquo; An old masculine name, still in use upon the East
+Cherokee reservation. It was the proper name of the chief known to the
+whites about 1790 <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb254" href="#pb254"
+name="pb254">254</a>]</span>as &ldquo;The Glass,&rdquo; from a
+confusion of this name with adake&#699;ti, glass, or mirror.</p>
+<p class="par">Tagwa&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Catawba place,&rdquo; from
+Ata&#699;gwa or Ta&#699;gwa, Catawba Indian, and hi, locative. A name
+occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country. A settlement
+of this name, known to the whites as Toccoa, was upon Toccoa creek,
+east of Clarksville, in Habersham county, Ga.; another was upon Toccoa
+or Ocoee river, about the present Toccoa, in Fannin county, Ga.; a
+third may have been on Persimmon creek, which is known to the Cherokee
+as Tagwa&#699;hi, and enters Hiwassee river some distance below Murphy,
+in Cherokee county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Tahkeyostee&mdash;see Unta&#699;kiyasti&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Tahlequah&mdash;see Talikwa&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Tahchee&mdash;see Talikwa&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Takatoka&mdash;see De&#699;gata&#699;ga.</p>
+<p class="par">ta&#699;ladu&#699; (abbreviated
+taldu&#699;)&mdash;twelve, from ta&#699;li, two. Cf. tala&#699;tu,
+cricket.</p>
+<p class="par">Ta&#699;lasi&#699;&mdash;a former Cherokee settlement on
+Little Tennessee river about Talassee ford, in Blount county, Tenn. The
+name has lost its meaning.</p>
+<p class="par">Talassee&mdash;see Ta&#699;lasi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">tala&#699;tu&mdash;cricket; sometimes also called
+dita&#699;staye&#699;ski (q. v.), &ldquo;the barber.&rdquo; Cf.
+ta&#699;ladu&#699;, twelve.</p>
+<p class="par">Tale&#699;danigi&#699;ski (Utale&#699;danigi&#699;si in
+a dialectic form)&mdash;variously rendered by the whites
+&ldquo;Hemp-carrier,&rdquo; &ldquo;Nettle-carrier&rdquo; or
+&ldquo;flax-toter,&rdquo; from tale&#699;ta or utale&#699;ta, flax
+(<i lang="la">Linum</i>) or richweed (<i lang="la">Pilea pumila</i>),
+and danigi&#699;ski, &ldquo;he carries them&rdquo; (habitually). A
+former prominent chief on Valley river, in Cherokee county, North
+Carolina.</p>
+<p class="par">Talihina&mdash;given as the name of the Cherokee wife of
+Samuel Houston; the form cannot be identified. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb255" href="#pb255" name="pb255">255</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Talikwa&#699; (commonly written Tellico, Teliquo or, in
+the Indian Territory, Tahlequah)&mdash;the name of several Cherokee
+settlements at different periods, viz.: 1. Great Tellico, at Tellico
+Plains, on Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tenn.; 2. Little Tellico,
+on Tellico creek of Little Tennessee river, about ten miles below
+Franklin, Macon county, N. C. 3. a town on Valley river, about five
+miles above Murphy, in Cherokee county, N. C.; 4. Tahlequah,
+established as the capital of the Cherokee Nation, Ind. Ter., in 1839.
+The meaning of the name is lost.</p>
+<p class="par">Tali&#699;wa&mdash;the site of a traditional battle
+between the Cherokee and Creeks about 1755, on Mountain (?) creek of
+Etowah river in upper Georgia. Probably not a Cherokee but a Creek name
+from the Creek ta&#699;lua or ita&#699;lua, town.</p>
+<p class="par">Talking-rock&mdash;see Nunyu-gunwani&#699;ski.</p>
+<p class="par">Tallulah&mdash;see Talulu&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Tal-tsu&#699;ska&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Two-heads,&rdquo;
+from ta&#699;li, two, and tsu&#699;ska&#699;, plural of uska&#699;,
+(his) head. A Cherokee chief about the year 1800, known to the whites
+as Doublehead.</p>
+<p class="par">taluli&mdash;pregnant; whence aluli&#699;, (she is)
+&ldquo;a mother,&rdquo; said of a woman.</p>
+<p class="par">Talulu&#699; (commonly Tallulah, and appearing in old
+documents, from the Lower dialect, as Taruraw, Toruro, Turoree,
+etc.)&mdash;a name occurring in two or more places in the old Cherokee
+country, viz.: 1. An ancient settlement on the upper part of Tallulah
+river, in Rabun county, Georgia; 2. a town on Tallulah creek of Cheowa
+river, in Graham county, N. C. The word is of uncertain etymology. The
+dulu&#699;si frog is said to cry talulu&#699;. The noted <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb256" href="#pb256" name=
+"pb256">256</a>]</span>falls upon Tallulah river are known to the
+Cherokee as Ugun&#699;yi, q. v.</p>
+<p class="par">Taluntiski&mdash;see Ata&#699;lunti&#699;ski.</p>
+<p class="par">Tama&#699;li&mdash;a name, commonly written Tomotley or
+Tomatola, occurring in at least two places in the old Cherokee country,
+viz.: 1. On Valley river, a few miles above Murphy, about the present
+Tomatola, in Cherokee county, N. C. 2. on Little Tennessee river, about
+Tomotley ford, a few miles above Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tenn.
+The name cannot be translated, and may be of Creek origin, as that
+tribe had a town of the same name upon the lower Chattahoochee
+river.</p>
+<p class="par">Tanasi&#699;&mdash;a name which cannot be analyzed,
+commonly spelled Tennessee, occurring in several places in the old
+Cherokee country, viz.: 1. On Little Tennessee river about half-way
+between Citico and Toco creeks, in Monroe county, Tenn. 2. &ldquo;Old
+Tennessee town,&rdquo; on Hiwassee river, a short distance above the
+junction of Ocoee, in Polk county, Tenn. 3. On Tennessee creek, a
+head-stream of Tuckasegee river, in Jackson county, N. C. Tanasqui,
+visited by Pardo in 1567, may have been another place of the same
+name.</p>
+<p class="par">Tanasqui&mdash;see Tanasi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Ta&#699;ski&#699;gi (abbreviated from
+Ta&#699;skigi&#699;yi or Da&#699;skigi&#699;yi, the locative yi being
+commonly omitted)&mdash;a name variously written Tae-keo-ge (misprint),
+Tasquiqui, Teeskege, Tuscagee, Tuskegee, etc., derived from that of a
+foreign tribe incorporated with the Cherokee, and occurring as a local
+name both in the Cherokee and in the Creek country. 1. The principal
+settlement of this name was on Little Tennessee river, just above the
+junction of <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb257" href="#pb257" name=
+"pb257">257</a>]</span>Tellico, in Monroe county, Tenn.; 2. another was
+on the north bank of Tennessee river, just below Chattanooga,
+Tennessee; 3. another may have been on Tuskegee creek of Little
+Tennessee river, near Robbinsville, Graham county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Tasquiqui&mdash;see Ta&#699;ski&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Tassel, Old&mdash;see Utsi&#699;dsata&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Tatsi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Dutch,&rdquo; also written
+Tahchee, a western Cherokee chief about 1830.</p>
+<p class="par">Tatsu&#699;hwa&mdash;the redbird.</p>
+<p class="par">tawa&#699;li&mdash;punk.</p>
+<p class="par">
+Tawa&#699;li-ukwanun&#699;ti&mdash;&ldquo;Punk-plugged-in,&rdquo; from
+tawa&#699;li, punk; the Cherokee name of a traditional Shawano
+chief.</p>
+<p class="par">tawi&#699;ska, tawi&#699;skage&mdash;smooth, slick.</p>
+<p class="par">Tawi&#699;skala&mdash;&ldquo;Flint&rdquo;; a Cherokee
+supernatural, the personification of the rock flint;
+tawi&#699;skalun&#699;ti, <span class="corr" id="xd23e9189" title=
+"Source: tawi-skala">tawi&#699;skala</span>, flint, from tawi&#699;ska,
+smooth, slick; cf. Iroquois Tawiskaron.</p>
+<p class="par">Tayunksi&mdash;a traditional western tribe; the name
+cannot be analyzed.</p>
+<p class="par">Tellico&mdash;see Talikwa&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">telun&#699;lati&mdash;the summer grape (<i lang=
+"la">Vitis aestivalis</i>).</p>
+<p class="par">Tenaswattee&mdash;see Ku&#699;saweti&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Terrapin&mdash;see Tuksi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">tewa&mdash;a flying squirrel; sala&#699;li, gray
+squirrel; kiyu ga, ground squirrel.</p>
+<p class="par">Thomas, W. H.&mdash;see Wil-usdi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Tikwali&#699;tsi&mdash;a name occurring in several
+places in the old Cherokee country, viz.: 1. Tuckalegee creek, a
+tributary of War-Woman creek, east of Clayton, in Rabun county, Ga.; 2.
+the Tikiwali&#699;tsi of the story, an important town on Tuckasegee
+river at the present Bryson <span class="corr" id="xd23e9211" title=
+"Source: city">City</span>, in Swain county, N. C. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb258" href="#pb258" name="pb258">258</a>]</span>3.
+Tuckalechee cove, on Little river, in Blount county, Tenn., which
+probably preserves the aboriginal local name. The name appears in old
+documents as Tuckarechee (Lower dialect) and Tuckalegee, and must not
+be confounded with Tsiksi&#699;tsi or Tuckasegee. It cannot be
+translated.</p>
+<p class="par">Timossy&mdash;see Tomassee.</p>
+<p class="par">Tlage&#699;si&mdash;&ldquo;Field&rdquo;; the Cherokee
+name for Lieutenant-Colonel W. W. Stringfield of Waynesville, N. C.,
+one of the officers of the Cherokee contingent in the Thomas Legion. It
+is an abbreviated rendering of his proper name.</p>
+<p class="par">tlage&#699;situn&#699;&mdash;a song form for
+tlage&#699;sia-stun&#699;i, &ldquo;on the edge of the field,&rdquo;
+from a stream.</p>
+<p class="par">tla&#699;meha&mdash;bat (dialectic forms, tsa&#699;meha,
+tsa&#699;weha).</p>
+<p class="par">tlanu&#699;si&#699;&mdash;leech (dialectic form,
+tsanu&#699;si&#699;).</p>
+<p class="par">Tlanusi&#699;yi (abbreviated
+Tlanusi&#699;)&mdash;&ldquo;Leech place,&rdquo; former important
+settlement at the junction of Hiwassee and Valley river, the present
+site of Murphy, in Cherokee county, N. C.; also a point on Nottely
+river, a few miles distant, in the same county. The name appears also
+as Clennuse, Klausuna, Quoneashee, etc.</p>
+<p class="par">tla&#699;nuwa (dialetic forms, tsa&#699;nuwa&#699;,
+su&#699;nawa&#699;, &ldquo;sinnawah&rdquo;<span class="corr" id=
+"xd23e9231" title="Not in source">)</span>&mdash;a mythic great
+hawk.</p>
+<p class="par">tla&#699;nuwa&#699;usdi&mdash;&ldquo;little
+tla&#699;nuwa&#699;&rdquo;; probably the goshawk (<i lang="la">Astur
+atricapillus</i>).</p>
+<p class="par">Tla&#699;nuwa&#699;atsi
+Yelun&#699;isun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where the Tla&#699;nuwa cut it
+up,&rdquo; from tla&#699;nuwa&#699;, q. v., and
+tsiyelun&#699;isku&#699;, an archaic form for
+tsigunilun&#699;isku&#699;, &ldquo;I am cutting it up.&rdquo; A place
+on Little Tennessee river, nearly opposite the entrance of Citico
+creek, in Blount county, Tenn. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb259"
+href="#pb259" name="pb259">259</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Tla&#699;nuwa&#699;i&mdash;&ldquo;Tla&#699;nuwa
+place,&rdquo; a cave on the north side of Tennessee river, a short
+distance below the entrance of Citico creek, in Blount county,
+Tenn.</p>
+<p class="par">tlayku&#699;&mdash;jay (dialectic form,
+tsayku&#699;).</p>
+<p class="par">tlunti&#699;sti&mdash;the pheasant (<i lang="la">Bonasa
+umbella</i>), called locally grouse or partridge.</p>
+<p class="par">tluntu&#699;tsi&mdash;panther (dialectic form,
+tsuntu&#699;ski).</p>
+<p class="par">tlutlu&#699;&mdash;the martin bird (dialectic form,
+tsutsu&#699;).</p>
+<p class="par">Tocax&mdash;a place, apparently in the Cherokee country,
+visited by Pardo in 1567. It may possibly have a connection with
+Toxaway (see Duksa&#699;i) or Toccoa (see Tagwa&#699;hi).</p>
+<p class="par">Toccoa&mdash;see Tagwa&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Toco&mdash;see Dakwa&#699;i.</p>
+<p class="par">Tollunteeskee&mdash;see Ata&#699;lunti&#699;ski.</p>
+<p class="par">Tomassee (also written Timossy and Tymahse)&mdash;the
+name of two or more former Cherokee settlements, viz.: 1. On Tomassee
+creek of Keowee river, in Oconee county, S. C.; 2. On Little Tennessee
+river, near the entrance of Burningtown creek, in Macon county, N. C.
+The correct form and interpretation are unknown.</p>
+<p class="par">Tomatola, Tomotley&mdash;see Tama&#699;li.</p>
+<p class="par">Tooantuh&mdash;see Du&#699;stu&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Toogelah&mdash;see Dugilu&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Toqua&mdash;see Dakwa&#699;i.</p>
+<p class="par">Toxaway&mdash;see Dukas&#699;i.</p>
+<p class="par">Track Rock gap&mdash;see
+Datsu&#699;nalasgun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsaga&#699;si&mdash;a Cherokee sprite.</p>
+<p class="par">tsa&#699;gi&mdash;upstream, up the road; the converse of
+ge&#699;i.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsaiyi&#699;&mdash;see Untsaiyi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsa&#699;ladihi&#699;&mdash;Chief N. J. Smith of the
+East Cherokee. The name might be rendered &ldquo;Charley-killer,&rdquo;
+from Tsali, &ldquo;Charley,&rdquo; and dihi&#699;, &ldquo;killer&rdquo;
+(in composition), <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb260" href="#pb260"
+name="pb260">260</a>]</span>but is really a Cherokee equivalent for
+Jarrett (Tsaladi&#699;), his middle name, by which he was frequently
+addressed. Cf. Tagwadihi.</p>
+<p class="par">tsal-agayun&#699;li&mdash;&ldquo;old tobacco,&rdquo;
+from tsalu, tobacco, and agayun&#699;li or agayun&#699;lige, old,
+ancient; the <i lang="la"><span class="corr" id="xd23e9292" title=
+"Source: Nicoliana">Nicotiana</span> rustica</i> or wild tobacco.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsa&#699;lagi&#699; (Tsa&#699;ragi&#699; in Lower
+dialect)&mdash;the correct form of Cherokee.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsa&#699;li&mdash;Charley; a Cherokee shot for resisting
+the troops at the time of Removal.</p>
+<p class="par">tsaliyu&#699;sti&mdash;&ldquo;tobacco-like,&rdquo; from
+tsalu, tobacco, and iyu&#699;sti, like; a generic name for the
+cardinal-flower, mullein and related species.</p>
+<p class="par">tsalu or tsalun (in the Lower dialect,
+tsaru)&mdash;tobacco; by comparison with kindred forms the other
+Iroquoian dialects the meaning &ldquo;fire to hold in the mouth&rdquo;
+seems to be indicated. Lanman spells it tso-lungh.</p>
+<p class="par">tsameha&mdash;see tla&#699;meha.</p>
+<p class="par">tsa&#699;nadiska&#699;&mdash;for tsandiskai&#699;,
+&ldquo;they say.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">tsana&#699;seha&#699;i&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;so they
+say,&rdquo; &ldquo;they say about him.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">tsane&#699;ni&mdash;the scorpion lizard; also called
+gi&#699;ga-danegi&#699;ski, q. v.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsani&mdash;John.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsantawu&#699;&mdash;a masculine name which cannot be
+analyzed.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsan-uga&#699;sita&mdash;&ldquo;Sour John&rdquo;; the
+Cherokee name for General John Sevier, and also the boy name of the
+Chief John Ross, afterward known as Gu&#699;wisguwi&#699;, q. v.
+Sikwi&#699;a, a Cherokee attempt at &ldquo;Sevier,&rdquo; is a
+masculine name upon the East Cherokee reservation.</p>
+<p class="par">tsanu&#699;si&#699;&mdash;see tlanu&#699;si&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">tsa&#699;nuwa&#699;&mdash;see tla&#699;nuwa&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsa&#699;ragi&#699;&mdash;Cherokee. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb261" href="#pb261" name="pb261">261</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">tsaru&mdash;see tsalu.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsasta&#699;wi&mdash;a noted hunter formerly living upon
+<span class="corr" id="xd23e9331" title=
+"Source: Nanatahala">Nantahala</span> river, in Macon county, North
+Carolina; the meaning of the name is doubtful.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsatanu&#699;gi (commonly spelled Chattanooga)&mdash;the
+Cherokee name for some point upon the creek entering Tennessee river at
+the city of Chattanooga, in Hamilton county, Tennessee. It has no
+meaning in the Cherokee language and appears to be of foreign origin.
+The ancient name for the site of the present city is Atla&#699;nuwa, q.
+v. Before the establishment of the town the place was known to the
+whites as Ross' landing, from a store kept there by Lewis Ross, brother
+of the chief, John Ross.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsatu&#699;gi (commonly written Chattooga or
+Chatuga)&mdash;a name occurring in two or three places in the old
+Cherokee country, but apparently of foreign origin. Possible Cherokee
+derivations are from words signifying respectively &ldquo;he drank by
+sips,&rdquo; from gatu&#699;gia&#699;, &ldquo;I sip,&rdquo; or
+&ldquo;he has crossed the stream and come out upon the other
+side,&rdquo; from gatu&#699;gi, &ldquo;I have crossed,&rdquo; etc. An
+ancient settlement of this name was on Chattooga river, a headstream of
+Savannah river, on the boundary between South Carolina and Georgia;
+another appears to have been on upper Tellico river, in Monroe county,
+Tennessee; another may have been on Chattooga river, a tributary of the
+Coosa, in northwestern Georgia.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsa&#699;wa Gakski&mdash;Joe Smoker, from Tsawa,
+&ldquo;Joe,&rdquo; and gakski, &ldquo;smoker,&rdquo; from
+ga&#699;gisku, &ldquo;I am smoking.&rdquo; The Cherokee name for Chief
+Joel B. Mayes, of the Cherokee Nation west. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb262" href="#pb262" name="pb262">262</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Tsawa&#699;si&mdash;a Cherokee sprite.</p>
+<p class="par">tsa&#699;weha&mdash;see tla&#699;meha.</p>
+<p class="par">tsay ku&#699;&mdash;see tlay ku&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsek&#699;sini&#699;&mdash;a Cherokee form for the name
+of General Andrew Jackson.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsesa&#699;ni&mdash;Jessan, probably a derivative from
+Jesse; a masculine name upon the East Cherokee reservation.</p>
+<p class="par">Tse&#699;si-Ska&#699;tsi&mdash;&ldquo;Scotch
+Jesse&rdquo;; Jesse Reid, present chief of the East Cherokee, so-called
+because of mixed Scotch ancestry.</p>
+<p class="par">tsetsani&#699;li&mdash;&ldquo;thy two elder
+brothers&rdquo; (male speaking); &ldquo;my elder brother&rdquo; (male
+speaking), ungini&#699;li.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsgagun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Insect place,&rdquo; from
+tsgaya, insect, and yi, locative. A cave in the ridge eastward from
+Franklin, in Macon county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">tsgaya&mdash;insect, worm, etc.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsikama&#699;gi&mdash;a name, commonly spelled
+Chickamauga, occurring in at least two places in the old Cherokee
+country, which has lost any meaning in Cherokee and appears to be of
+foreign origin. It is applied to a small creek at the head of
+Chattahoochee river, in White county, Ga., and also to the district
+about the southern (not the northern) Chickamauga creek, coming into
+Tennessee river, a few miles above Chattanooga, in Hamilton county,
+Tenn. In 1777, the more hostile portion of the Cherokee withdrew from
+the rest of the tribe, and established here a large settlement, from
+which they removed about five years later to settle lower down the
+Tennessee, in what were known as the Chickamauga towns or Five Lower
+towns. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb263" href="#pb263" name=
+"pb263">263</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">tsiki&#699;&mdash;a word which renders emphatic that
+which it follows: as a&#699;stu, &ldquo;very good,&rdquo; astu&#699;
+tsiki, &ldquo;best of all.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">tsikiki&#699;&mdash;the katydid; the name is an
+onomatope.</p>
+<p class="par">tsi&#699;kilili&#699;&mdash;the Carolina chickadee
+(<i lang="la">Parus carolinensis</i>); the name is an onomatope.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsiksi&#699;tsi (Tuksi&#699;tsi is dialectic form;
+commonly written Tuckasegee)&mdash;1. a former Cherokee settlement
+about the junction of the two forks of Tuckasegee, above Webster, in
+Jackson county, N. C. (not to be confounded with Tikwali&#699;tsi, q.
+v.). 2. A former settlement on a branch of Brasstown creek of Hiwassee
+river, in Towns county, Ga. The word has lost its meaning.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsi&#699;nawi&mdash;a Cherokee wheelwright, perhaps the
+first in the Nation to make a spinning-wheel and loom. The name cannot
+be analyzed.</p>
+<p class="par">tsine&#699;u&mdash;&ldquo;I am picking it (something
+long) up&rdquo;; in the Lower and Middle dialects, tsinigi&#699;u.</p>
+<p class="par">tsinigi&#699;u&mdash;see tsine&#699;u.</p>
+<p class="par">tsiska&#699;gili&mdash;the large red crawfish; the
+ordinary crawfish is called tsistu&#699;na.</p>
+<p class="par">tsi&#699;skwa&mdash;bird.</p>
+<p class="par">tsiskwa&#699;gwa&mdash;robin, from tsi&#699;skwa,
+bird.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsiskwa&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Bird place,&rdquo; from
+tsi&#699;skwa, bird, and hi, locative. Birdtown settlement on the East
+Cherokee reservation, in Swain county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">tsiskwa&#699;ya&mdash;sparrow, literally
+&ldquo;principal bird&rdquo; (i. e., most widely distributed), from
+tsi&#699;skwa, bird, and ya, a suffix denoting principal or real.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsiskwunsdi&#699;adsisti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where they
+killed Little-bird,&rdquo; from Tsiskwunsdi, &ldquo;little birds&rdquo;
+(plural form.) A place near the head of West Buffalo creek, southeast
+of Robbinsville, in Graham county, N. C. <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb264" href="#pb264" name="pb264">264</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Tsilalu&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Sweet-gum place,&rdquo;
+from tsila&#699;lu&#699;, sweet gum (<i lang="la">Liquidambar</i>) and
+hi, locative. A former settlement on a small branch of Brasstown creek
+of Hiwassee river, just within the line of Towns county, Ga. The name
+is incorrectly rendered Gum-log (creek).</p>
+<p class="par">Tsistetsi&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Mouse place,&rdquo; from
+tsistetsi, mouse, and yi, locative. A former settlement on South Mouse
+creek, of Hiwassee river, in Bradley county, Tenn. The present town of
+Cleveland, upon the same creek, is known to the Cherokee under the same
+name.</p>
+<p class="par">tsist-imo &#699;gosto&mdash;&ldquo;rabbit foods&rdquo;
+(plural), from tsi&#699;stu, rabbit, and uni&#699;gisti, plural of
+agi&#699;sti, food, from tsiyi&#699;giu &ldquo;I am eating&rdquo; (soft
+food). The wild rose.</p>
+<p class="par">tsistu&mdash;rabbit.</p>
+<p class="par">tsistu&#699;na&mdash;crawfish; the large-horned beetle
+is also so called. The large red crawfish is called
+tsiska&#699;gili.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsistu&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Rabbit place,&rdquo; from
+tsistu, rabbit, and yi, locative. 1. Gregory bald, high peak of the
+Great Smoky range, eastward from Little Tennessee river, on the
+boundary between Swain county, N. C., and Blount county, Tenn. 2. A
+former settlement on the north bank of Hiwassee river at the entrance
+of Chestua creek, in Polk county, Tenn, The name of Choastea creek of
+Tugaloo river, in Oconee county, S. C., is probably also a corruption
+from the same word.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsiya&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Otter place,&rdquo; from
+tsiyu, otter, and yi, locative; variously spelled Cheowa, Cheeowhee,
+Chewohe, Chewe, etc. 1. A former settlement on a branch of Keowee
+river, near the present Cheohee, Oconee county, S. C. 2. A former and
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb265" href="#pb265" name=
+"pb265">265</a>]</span>still existing Cherokee settlement on Cheowa
+river, about Robbinsville, in Graham county, N. C. 3. A former
+settlement in Cades Cove, on Cove creek, in Blount county, Tenn.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsi&#699;yi-gunsi&#699;ni&mdash;&ldquo;He is dragging a
+canoe,&rdquo; from tsi&#699;yu, canoe (cf. tsi&#699;yu) otter, and
+gunsi&#699;ni, &ldquo;he is dragging it.&rdquo; &ldquo;Dragging
+Canoe,&rdquo; a prominent leader of the hostile Cherokee in the
+Revolution. The name appears in documents as Cheucunsene and
+Kunnesee.</p>
+<p class="par">Tskil-e&#699;gwa&mdash;&ldquo;Big-witch,&rdquo; from
+atsikili&#699;, or tskilu&#699;, witch, owl, and e&#699;gwa, big; an
+old man of the East Cherokee, who died in 1896. Although translated
+Big-witch by the whites, the name is understood by the Indians to mean
+Big-owl, having been originally applied to a white man living on the
+same clearing, and noted for his large staring eyes.</p>
+<p class="par"><span class="corr" id="xd23e9419" title=
+"Source: tskili'">tskili&#699;</span> (contracted from
+atskili&#699;)&mdash;1. witch; 2. the dusky-horned owl (<i lang=
+"la">Bubo virginianus saturatus</i>).</p>
+<p class="par">tskwa&#699;yi&mdash;the great white heron or American
+egret. (<i lang="la">Herodias egretta</i>).</p>
+<p class="par">Tsolungh&mdash;see tsalu.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsuda&#699;ye lun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Isolated
+place&rdquo;; an isolated peak near the head of Cheowa river, northeast
+of Robbinsville, in Graham county, N. C. The root of the word signifies
+detached, or isolated, whence Uda&#699;ye lun&#699;yi, the Cherokee
+outlet, in Ind. Ter.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsunda&#699;talesun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where pieces
+fall off,&rdquo; i. e., where the banks are caving in; from
+adatale&#699;i, &ldquo;it is falling off,&rdquo; ts, distance prefix,
+&ldquo;there,&rdquo; and yi, locative. The Cherokee name for the
+present site of Memphis, Tenn., overlooking the Mississippi and
+formerly known as the Chickasaw bluff. <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb266" href="#pb266" name="pb266">266</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Tsu&#699;dinunti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Throwing-down
+place&rdquo;; a former settlement on lower Nantahala river, in Macon
+county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsugidu&#699;li ulsgi&#699;sti (from tsugidu&#699;li,
+plural of ugiduli, one of the long wing or tail feathers of a bird, and
+ulsgi&#699;sti or ulsgi&#699;ta, a dance)&mdash;the feather or eagle
+dance.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsukilunnun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Where he
+alighted&rdquo;; two bald spots on a mountain at the head of a Little
+Snowbird creek, near Robbinsville, Graham county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">tsungili&#699;si&mdash;plural of ungili&#699;si, q.
+v.</p>
+<p class="par">tsungini&#699;si&mdash;plural of ungini&#699;si, q.
+v.</p>
+<p class="par">tsunkina&#699;tli&mdash;&ldquo;my younger
+brothers&rdquo; (male speaking).</p>
+<p class="par">tsunkita&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;my younger brothers&rdquo;
+(female speaking).</p>
+<p class="par">tsula&mdash;fox; cf. tsulu, kingfisher and tlutlu&#699;
+or tsulsu&#699;, martin. The black fox is ina&#699;li. The Creek word
+for fox is chula.</p>
+<p class="par">tsula&#699;ski&mdash;alligator; the name is of uncertain
+etymology.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsula&#699;sinun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Footprint
+place.&rdquo; A place on Tuckasee river, about a mile above Deep creek,
+in Swain county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsula&#699;wi&mdash;see Tsulunwe&#699;i.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsule&#699;hisanun&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Resurrected
+One,&rdquo; from di&#699;gwale&#699;hisanun&#699;hi, &ldquo;I was
+resurrected.&rdquo; literally, &ldquo;I was down and have risen.&rdquo;
+Tsa&#699;lagi&#699;, Tsule&#699;hisanunhi, the Cherokee title of the
+newspaper known to the whites as the Cherokee Phoenix. The Cherokee
+title was devised by Worcester and Boudinot as suggesting the idea of
+the phoenix of classic fable. The Indian name of the recent
+&ldquo;Cherokee Advocate&rdquo; is Tsa&#699;lagi Asdeli&#699;ski.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsul kalu&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Slanting-eyes,&rdquo;
+literally &ldquo;he has them slanting&rdquo; (or leaning up against
+something); the prefix ts makes it a plural form, and the name is
+understood <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb267" href="#pb267" name=
+"pb267">267</a>]</span>to refer to the eyes, although the word eye
+(akta&#699;, plural dikta&#699;) is not a part of it. Cf.
+Ata&#699;-gulkalu. A mythic giant and ruler of the game. The name has
+been corrupted to Jutaculla and Tuli-cula. Jutaculla rock and Jutaculla
+old fields about the head of Tuckasegee river, in Jackson, North
+Carolina, take their name from him.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsulkalu&#699; tsunegun&#699;yi&mdash;see
+Tsunegun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">tsulie&#699;na&mdash;the nuthatch (<i lang="la">Sitta
+carolinensis</i>); the word signifies literally &ldquo;deaf&rdquo; (a
+plural form referring to the ear, gule&#699;) although no reason is
+given for such a name.</p>
+<p class="par">tsulu&mdash;kingfisher. Cf. tsula.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsulunwe&#699;i&mdash;(abbreviated Tsulun&#699;we or
+Tsula&#699;wi, possibly connected with tsulu,
+kingfisher)&mdash;Chilhowee creek, a north tributary of Little
+Tennessee river, in Blount county, Tennessee.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsundanilti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where they demanded the
+debt from him&rdquo;; a place on Little Santeetal river, west of
+Robbinsville, in Graham county, North Carolina. The creek also is
+commonly known by the same name.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsundige&#699;wi&mdash;&ldquo;Closed anuses,&rdquo;
+literally &ldquo;they have them closed,&rdquo; understood to refer to
+the anus; from dige&#699;wi, plural of ge&#699;wi, closed, stopped up,
+blind; cf. Tsulkalu&#699;; also Gulisge&#699;wi, &ldquo;Blind, or
+closed<span class="corr" id="xd23e9482" title="Source: .">,</span>
+ears,&rdquo; an old personal name.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsun&#699;digwun&#699;tski (contracted from
+tsun&#699;digwuntsugi, &ldquo;they have them forked,&rdquo; referring
+to the peculiar forked tail; cf. Tsulkalu&#699;)&mdash;a migratory bird
+which once appeared for a short time upon the East Cherokee
+reservation, apparently, from the description, the scissortail or
+swallow-tailed fly-catcher (<i lang="la">Milvulus forficatus</i>).
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb268" href="#pb268" name=
+"pb268">268</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Tsunegun&#699;yi (sometimes called Tsulkalu&#699;
+Tsunegun&#699;yi<span class="corr" id="xd23e9493" title=
+"Not in source">)</span>&mdash;Tennessee Bald, at the extreme head of
+Tuckasegee river, on the east line of Jackson county, North Carolina.
+The name seems to mean &ldquo;there where it is white,&rdquo; from ts,
+a prefix indicating distance, une&#699;ga, white, and yi, locative.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsunil&#699; kalu&mdash;the plural form for Tsul kalu,
+q. v., a traditional giant tribe in the west.</p>
+<p class="par">tsunis&#699;tsahi&mdash;&ldquo;(those) having topnots or
+crests,&rdquo; from ustsahu&#699;, &ldquo;having a topknot,&rdquo;
+ustsahi&#699;, &ldquo;he has a topknot&rdquo; (habitually).</p>
+<p class="par">Tsuniya&#699;tiga&mdash;&ldquo;Naked People&rdquo;;
+literally &ldquo;They are naked there,&rdquo; from uya&#699;tiga, naked
+(singular), with the prefix ts, indicating distance. A traditional
+western tribe.</p>
+<p class="par">tsun-ka&#699;wi-ye&#699;, tsun-sikwa-ya&#699;,
+tsun-tsu&#699;la-ya&#699;, tsun-wa&#699;ya-ya&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;I am
+(tsun or tsi, verbal prefix) a real (ya, ye, noun suffix) deer&rdquo;
+(kawi&#699;, archaic for a wi&#699;); opossum, si&#699;kwa; fox, tsula;
+wolf, waya. Archaic song forms.</p>
+<p class="par">tsunsdi&#699;&mdash;contracted from tsunsdi&#699;ga, the
+plural of usdi&#699;ga or usdi&#699;, small.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsunu&#699;lahun&#699;ski&mdash;&ldquo;He tries, but
+fails&rdquo; (habitually), from detsinu&#699;lahun&#699;ski (q. v.),
+&ldquo;I tried, but failed.&rdquo; A former noted chief among the East
+Cherokee, commonly known to the whites as Junaluska. In early life he
+was called Gulkala&#699;ski, a name which denotes something habitually
+falling from a leaning position (cf. Ata-gul kalu&#699; and Tsul
+kalu&#699;).</p>
+<p class="par">tsunu&#699; liyu&#699;sunestla&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;they
+have split noses,&rdquo; (from agwaliyu&#699;, &ldquo;I have it,&rdquo;
+and unestlau&#699;, &ldquo;it is cracked&rdquo; (as a crack made by the
+sun&rsquo;s heat in a log or in the earth)<span class="corr" id=
+"xd23e9511" title="Not in source">)</span>; the initial s makes it
+refer to the nose, kayasa&#699;. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb269"
+href="#pb269" name="pb269">269</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Tsusgina&#699;i&mdash;&ldquo;the Ghost country,&rdquo;
+from asgi&#699;na, &ldquo;ghost,&rdquo; i, locative, and ts, a prefix
+denoting distance. The land of the dead; it is situated in
+Usunhi&#699;yi, the Twilight land, in the west.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsuta&#699;tsinasun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Eddy
+place.&rdquo; A place on Cheowa river at the mouth of Cochran creek, in
+Graham county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">tsutsu&#699;&mdash;see tlutlu&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">tsuntu&#699;tsi&mdash;see tluntu&#699;tsi.</p>
+<p class="par">tsuwa&#699;&mdash;the mud-puppy or water dog (<i lang=
+"la">Menopoma</i> or <i lang="la">Protonopsis</i>).</p>
+<p class="par">Tsuwa&#699;tel&#699;da&mdash;a contraction of
+tsuwa&#699;teldun&#699;yi; the name has lost its meaning. Pilot Knob,
+north from Brevard, in Transylvania county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsuwa&#699;-uniytsun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where the
+water-dog laughed.&rdquo; from tsuwa&#699;, q. v.,
+&ldquo;water-dog,&rdquo; uniye&#699;tsu, &ldquo;they laughed&rdquo;
+<span class="corr" id="xd23e9535" title=
+"Not in source">(</span>agiyet&#699;sku, &ldquo;I am laughing&rdquo;)
+and yi, locative; Tusquittee Bald, near Hayesville, in Clay county, N.
+C.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsuwe&#699;nahi&mdash;A traditional hunter, in
+communication with the invisible people. The name seems to mean
+&ldquo;He has them in abundance,&rdquo; an irregular or archaic form
+for Uwe&#699;nai, &ldquo;he has abundance,&rdquo; &ldquo;he is
+rich,&rdquo; from agwe&#699;nai&#699;, &ldquo;I am rich.&rdquo; As a
+masculine name it is used as the equivalent of Richard.</p>
+<p class="par">Tuckalechee&mdash;see Tikwah&#699;tsi.</p>
+<p class="par">Tuckasegee&mdash;see Tsiksi&#699;tsi.</p>
+<p class="par">Tugaloo&mdash;see Dugilu&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">tugalu&#699;&mdash;the cry of the dagulku, goose.</p>
+<p class="par">tugalu&#699;na&mdash;a variety of small fish, about four
+inches long, frequenting the larger streams (from galu&#699;na, a
+gourd, on account of its long nose). <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb270" href="#pb270" name="pb270">270</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">tuksi&#699;&mdash;the terrapin or land tortoise; also
+the name of a Cherokee chief about the close of the Revolution.
+Saligu&#699;gi, common turtle; soft-shell turtle,
+U&#699;lana&#699;wa.</p>
+<p class="par">Tuksi&#699;tsi&mdash;see Tsiksi&#699;tsi.</p>
+<p class="par">Tuli-cula&mdash;see Tsui&#699;kalu&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">tulsku&#699;wa&mdash;&ldquo;he snaps with his
+head,&rdquo; from uska&#699;, head; the snapping beetle.</p>
+<p class="par">Tuna&#699;i&mdash;a traditional warrior and medicine man
+of old Itsa&#699;ti; the name cannot be analyzed.</p>
+<p class="par">Turkeytown&mdash;see Gun-di&#699;gaduhun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Turniptown&mdash;see U&#699;lunyi.</p>
+<p class="par">Tuskegee&mdash;see Ta&#699;ski&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Tusquittee Bald&mdash;see
+Tsuwa&#699;-uniyetsun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Tusquittee creek&mdash;see Daskwitun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">tu&#699;sti&mdash;for tusti&#699;ga, a small bowl;
+larger jars are called diwa&#699;li and unti&#699;ya.</p>
+<p class="par">tuti&mdash;snowbird.</p>
+<p class="par">Tuti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Snowbird place,&rdquo; from
+tu&#699;ti, snowbird, and yi, locative. Little Snow-bird creek of
+Cheowa river, in Graham county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">tu&#699;tsahyesi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;he will marry
+you.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">tu&#699;ya&mdash;bean.</p>
+<p class="par">tu&#699;ya-diskalaw&#699;sti&#699;ski&mdash;see
+ti&#699;gu.</p>
+<p class="par">tu&#699;yahusi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;she will
+die.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Tymahse&mdash;see Tomassee.</p>
+<p class="par">Uchee&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Yu&#699;tsi.</p>
+<p class="par">uda&#699;hale&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;on the sunny
+side.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">uda&#699;i&mdash;the baneberry or cohosh vine (<i lang=
+"la">Actaea?</i>). The name signifies that the plant has something long
+hanging from it.</p>
+<p class="par">uda&#699;li&mdash;&ldquo;(it is) married&rdquo;; the
+mistletoe, so-called on account of its parasitic habit. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb271" href="#pb271" name="pb271">271</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">U&#699;dawagun&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;Bald.&rdquo; A bald
+mountain of the Great Smoky range, in Yancy county, N. C., not far from
+Mount Mitchell.</p>
+<p class="par">Udsi&#699;skala&mdash;a masculine name.</p>
+<p class="par">uga&#699;sita&mdash;sour.</p>
+<p class="par">u&#699;giska&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;he is swallowing
+it&rdquo;; from tsikiu&#699;, &ldquo;I am eating.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">u&#699;guku&#699;&mdash;the hooting or barred owl.</p>
+<p class="par">ugunste&#699;li (ugunste&#699;lu in dialect
+form)&mdash;the horny-head fish.</p>
+<p class="par">Ugun&#699;yi&mdash;Tallulah falls, on the river of that
+name, northeast from Clarksville, in Habersham county, Ga. The meaning
+of the name is lost.</p>
+<p class="par">Uilata&mdash;see U&#699;tlun&#699;ta.</p>
+<p class="par">uk-ku&#699;suntsuteti&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;it will twist
+up one&rsquo;s arm.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">
+Uk-ku&#699;suntsuti&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Bent-bow-shape&rdquo;; a comic
+masculine name.</p>
+<p class="par">Uk-kunagi&#699;sti&mdash;&ldquo;it will draw down
+one&rsquo;s eye.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Uk-kwunagi&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;eye-drawn-down&rdquo;; a
+comic masculine name.</p>
+<p class="par">uksu&#699;hi&mdash;the mountain blacksnake or black
+racer (<i lang="la">coluber obsoletus</i>); the name seems to refer to
+some pecularity of the eye, akta&#699;, uksuhha&#699;, &ldquo;he has
+something lodged in his eye.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Ukte&#699;na&mdash;&ldquo;Keen-eyed (?)&rdquo; from
+akta&#699;, eye, akta&#699;ti, to examine closely. A mythic
+great-horned serpent, with a talismanic diadem.</p>
+<p class="par">Ukte&#699;na-tsuganun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where the
+Uktena got fastened.&rdquo; A spot on Tuckasegee river, about two miles
+above Bryson City, in Swain county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Ukwu&#699;nu (or Ukwu&#699;ni)&mdash;a former Cherokee
+settlement, commonly known to the whites as Oconee, on Seneca creek,
+near the present Walhalla, in Oconee county, S. C. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb272" href="#pb272" name="pb272">272</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Ula&#699;gu&#699;&mdash;the mythical original of the
+yellow-jacket tribe. The word signifies &ldquo;leader,&rdquo;
+&ldquo;boss,&rdquo; or &ldquo;principal one,&rdquo; and is applied to
+the first yellow-jacket (d&#699;ska&#699;i) seen in the spring, to a
+queen bee and to the leader of a working squad.</p>
+<p class="par">u&#699;lana&#699;wa&mdash;the soft-shell turtle; see
+also saligu&#699;gi and tuksi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">ulasu&#699;la&mdash;moccasin, shoe.</p>
+<p class="par">ule&#699;&mdash;and; ule&#699;-nu, and also.</p>
+<p class="par">ulskwulte&#699;gi&mdash;a &ldquo;pound mill,&rdquo; a
+self-acting water-mill used in the Cherokee mountains. The name
+signifies that &ldquo;it butts with its head&rdquo; (Uska&#699;, head),
+in allusion to the way in which the pestles work in the mortar. The
+generic word for mill is dist&#699;sti.</p>
+<p class="par">ulstitlu&#699;&mdash;literally &ldquo;it is on his
+head.&rdquo; The diamond crest on the head of the mythic Uktena
+serpent. When detached it becomes Ulunsu&#699;ti.</p>
+<p class="par">Ultiwa&#699;i&mdash;a former Cherokee settlement above
+the present Ooltewah, on the creek of the same name, in James county,
+Tenn.</p>
+<p class="par">ulunni&#699;ta&mdash;domesticated, tame; may be used for
+persons as well as animals, but not for plants; for cultivated or
+domesticated plants the adjective is gunutlun&#699;i or
+gunusun&#699;i.</p>
+<p class="par">Ulunsu&#699;ti&mdash;&ldquo;Transparent&rdquo;; the
+great talismanic crystal of the Cherokee.</p>
+<p class="par">ulun&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;it has climbed,&rdquo; from
+tsilahi&#699;, &ldquo;I am climbing&rdquo;; the poison oak (<i lang=
+"la">Rhus radicans</i>).</p>
+<p class="par">U&#699;lun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Tuber place,&rdquo; from
+U&#699;li&#699;, a variety of edible tuber, and yi, locative. A former
+settlement upon Turniptown, (for U&#699;lun&#699;yi) creek, above
+Ellijay, in Gilmer county, Ga. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb273"
+href="#pb273" name="pb273">273</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Unacala&mdash;see Uni&#699;gadihi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">U&#699;nadanti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Place where they
+conjured,&rdquo; the name of a gap about three miles east of Webster,
+in Jackson county, N. C., and now transferred to the town itself.</p>
+<p class="par">unade&#699;na&mdash;woolly, downy, (in speaking of
+animals); uwa&#699;nu, wool, down, fine fur (detached from the
+animal).</p>
+<p class="par">u&#699;nahu&#699;&mdash;see unahwi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">u&#699;nahi&#699;&mdash;heart; in Middle and Lower
+dialects, unahu&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Unaka&mdash;see une&#699;ga and Unicoi.</p>
+<p class="par">unatlunwe&#699;hitu&mdash;&ldquo;it has spirals&rdquo;;
+a plant (unidentified) used in conjuration.</p>
+<p class="par">une&#699;ga&mdash;white.</p>
+<p class="par">une&#699;guhi&mdash;&ldquo;he is (was) mischievous or
+bad&rdquo;; tsune&#699;guhi&#699;yu, &ldquo;you are very
+mischievous&rdquo; (said to a child).</p>
+<p class="par">une&#699;gutsatu&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;(he is)
+mischievous&rdquo;; a&#699;gine&#699;gutsatu&#699;, &ldquo;I am
+mischievous.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Une&#699;lanun&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;The
+Apportioner&rdquo;; &ldquo;I am apportioning,&rdquo;
+gane&#699;lasku&#699;; &ldquo;I apportion&rdquo; (habitually),
+<span class="corr" id="xd23e9689" title=
+"Source: ganelaski">gane&#699;laski</span>. In the sacred formulas a
+title of the Sun God; in the Bible the name of God.</p>
+<p class="par">une&#699;stalun&mdash;ice.</p>
+<p class="par">Unicoi&mdash;the map name of the Unicoi turnpike, of a
+gap on the watershed between Chattahoochee and Hiwassee river, in
+Georgia, and of a county in Tennessee. Probably a corruption of
+une&#699;ga, white, whence comes also Unaka, the present map name of a
+part of the Great Smoky range.</p>
+<p class="par">uni&#699;gisti&mdash;foods; singular, agi&#699;sti.</p>
+<p class="par">Uniga&#699;yata&#699;ti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where they
+made a fish trap,&rdquo; from uga&#699;yatun&#699;i, fish trap, and yi,
+locative; a place on <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb274" href="#pb274"
+name="pb274">274</a>]</span>Tuckasegee river, at the mouth of Deep
+creek, near Bryson City, in Swain county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Uni&#699;haluna&mdash;see Ahalu&#699;na.</p>
+<p class="par">Unika&#699;wa&mdash;the &ldquo;Town-house dance,&rdquo;
+so-called because danced inside the town-house.</p>
+<p class="par">
+Une&#699;ga-dihi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;White-man-killer&rdquo;; from
+une&#699;ga, &ldquo;white,&rdquo; for yun&#699;wune&#699;ga,
+&ldquo;white person,&rdquo; and dihi&#699;, a noun suffix denoting
+&ldquo;killer<span class="corr" id="xd23e9709" title=
+"Source: &rdquo; (">,&rdquo; &ldquo;</span>he kills them&rdquo;
+(habitually). A Cherokee chief, whose name appears on the documents
+about 1790.</p>
+<p class="par">ungida&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;thy two elder brothers&rdquo;
+(male speaking).</p>
+<p class="par">ungini&#699;li&mdash;&ldquo;my elder brother.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">ungini&#699;si (plural,
+tsungini&#699;si)&mdash;&ldquo;my daughter&rsquo;s child.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">u&#699;niskwetu&#699;gi&mdash;&ldquo;they wear a
+hat,&rdquo; ulskwe&#699;tawa&#699;, hat from uska&#699;, head. The May
+apple (<i lang="la">Podophyllum</i>).</p>
+<p class="par">unistilun&#699;isti&mdash;&ldquo;they stick on along
+their whole length&rdquo;; the generic name for &ldquo;stickers&rdquo;
+and burrs, including the Spanish needle, cockle burr, jimson weed,
+etc.</p>
+<p class="par">uni&#699;tsi&mdash;her mother; agitsi&#699;, my
+mother.</p>
+<p class="par">Uniya&#699;hitun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where they shot
+it,&rdquo; from tsiya&#699;ihu&#699;. &ldquo;I shot,&rdquo; and yi,
+locative. A place on Tuckasegee river a short distance above Bryson
+City, in Swain county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Unli&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;(He is) long-winded,&rdquo; an
+archaic form for the regular word, gunli&#699;ta; an old masculine
+name. A chief about the year 1790, known to the whites as &ldquo;The
+Breath.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Untoola&mdash;see Dihiyun&#699;dula&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Unta&#699;kiyasti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Where they
+race,&rdquo; from takiya&#699;ta, a race, and yi, locative; locally
+corrupted to Tahkeyostee. The district on the French Broad river,
+around Asheville, in Buncombe county, N. C. The town itself is known to
+the Cherokee as Kasdu&#699;yi, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb275"
+href="#pb275" name="pb275">275</a>]</span>&ldquo;Ashes place,&rdquo;
+(from kasdu, ashes, and yi, locative), which is intended as a
+translation of its proper name.</p>
+<p class="par">Un&#699;tiguhi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Pot in water,&rdquo;
+from or unti&#699;ya, pot, and guli&#699;, &ldquo;it is in the
+water&rdquo; (or other liquid, habitually). The Suck, a dangerous rapid
+in Tennessee river, at the entrance of Suck creek, about eight miles
+below Chattanooga, Tenn.</p>
+<p class="par">Untlasgasti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Where they
+scratched&rdquo;; a place at the head of Hyatt&rsquo;s creek of Valley
+river, in Cherokee county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Untoola&mdash;see Dihyun&#699;dula&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Untsaili&#699; (also Etsaiyi&#699;, or Tsaiyi&#699;, the
+first syllable being almost silent)&mdash;&ldquo;Brass.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">unwada&#699;li&mdash;store-house, provision house.</p>
+<p class="par">Unwada-tsu&#699;gilasun&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Where the
+storehouse (unwada&#699;li) was taken off.&rdquo; Either Black Rock or
+Jones' Knob, northeast of Webster, on the east line of Jackson county,
+N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">unun&#699;ti&mdash;milk.</p>
+<p class="par">usdi&#699;ga (abbreviated usdi&#699;)&mdash;small;
+plural tsunsdi&#699;ga, tsundi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">usga&#699;se&#699;ti&#699;yu&mdash;very dangerous, very
+terrible; intensive of usga&#699;se&#699;ti.</p>
+<p class="par">Uskwale&#699;na&mdash;&ldquo;Big-Head,&rdquo; from
+uska&#699;, head; a masculine name, perhaps the original of the
+&ldquo;Bull-head,&rdquo; given by Haywood as the name of a former noted
+Cherokee warrior.</p>
+<p class="par">Uskwa&#699;li-gu&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;His stomach hangs
+down,&rdquo; from uskwa&#699;li, his stomach, and gu&#699;ta, &ldquo;it
+hangs down.&rdquo; A prominent chief of the Revolutionary period, known
+to the whites as Hanging-maw.</p>
+<p class="par">U&#699;stana&#699;li (from U&#699;stanala&#699;hi or
+uni&#699;stana&#699;la (a plural form), denoting a natural barrier of
+rocks <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb276" href="#pb276" name=
+"pb276">276</a>]</span>(plural) across a stream)&mdash;a name occurring
+in several places in the old Cherokee country, and variously spelled
+Eastinaulee, Eastinora, Estanaula, Eustenaree, Istanare, Oostanaula,
+Oostinawley, Ustenary, etc.</p>
+<p class="par">u&#699;stuti&mdash;see utsu&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Ustu&#699;tli&mdash;a traditional dangerous serpent. The
+name signifies having something on the calf of the leg or on the heel,
+from ustutun&#699;i &ldquo;(his) calf of the leg
+(attached).<span class="corr" id="xd23e9769" title=
+"Not in source">&rdquo;</span> It is applied also to the Southern
+hoop-snake.</p>
+<p class="par">Usunhi&#699;yi&mdash;the &ldquo;Darkening land,&rdquo;
+&ldquo;where it is always getting dark,&rdquo; as at twilight. The name
+used for the west in the myths and the sacred formulas; the common word
+is wude&#699;ligun&#699;yi, &ldquo;there where it (the sun) goes
+down.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">u&#699;tanu&mdash;great, fully developed. Cf.
+e&#699;gwa.</p>
+<p class="par">utawa&#699;hilu&mdash;&ldquo;hand breadth,&rdquo; from
+uwa&#699;yi, hand. A figurative term used in the myths and sacred
+formulas.</p>
+<p class="par">U&#699;tawagun&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;Bald place.&rdquo; A
+high bald peak in the Great Smoky range on the Tenn.-N. C. line,
+northeast from Big Pigeon river.</p>
+<p class="par">U&#699;tlun&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;He (or she) has it
+sharp,&rdquo; i. e., has some sharp part or organ; it might be used of
+a tooth, a finger-nail, or some other attached part of the body.</p>
+<p class="par">U&#699;tluntun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;U&#699;tlun&#699;ta
+place&rdquo;; see U&#699;tlun&#699;ta. A place on Little Tennessee
+river, nearly off Citico creek, in Blount county, Tenn.</p>
+<p class="par">U&#699;tsala&mdash;&ldquo;Lichen&rdquo;; another form of
+utsale&#699;ta. A Cherokee chief of Removal period in 1838.</p>
+<p class="par">utsale&#699;ta&mdash;lichen, literally &ldquo;pot
+scrapings,&rdquo; from a fancied resemblance. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb277" href="#pb277" name="pb277">277</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">utsa&#699;nati&#699;&mdash;rattlesnake; the name is of
+doubtful etymology, but is said to refer to the rattle.</p>
+<p class="par">Utsa&#699;nati&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Rattlesnake
+place.&rdquo; Rattlesnake springs, about two miles south from
+Charlestown, Bradley county, Tenn.</p>
+<p class="par">utset&#699;sti&mdash;&ldquo;he grins&rdquo;
+(habitually). See si&#699;kwa utset&#699;sti.</p>
+<p class="par">utsi&#699;&mdash;her (his) mother; etsi&#699;,
+agitsi&#699;, my mother.</p>
+<p class="par">Utsi&#699;dsata&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Corn-tassel,&rdquo;
+&ldquo;Thistle-head,&rdquo; etc. It is used as a masculine name, and
+was probably the Cherokee name of the chief of Revolutionary times,
+known as &ldquo;Old Tassel.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">utsu&#699;gi&mdash;the tufted titmouse (<i lang=
+"la">Parus bicolor</i>); also called u&#699;stuti&#699;, &ldquo;topnot,
+or tip,&rdquo; on account of its crest.</p>
+<p class="par">u&#699;tsuti&#699;&mdash;fish. Also, many.</p>
+<p class="par">Uwaga&#699;hi (commonly written
+Ocoee)&mdash;&ldquo;Apricot place,&rdquo; from uwa&#699;ga, the
+&ldquo;apricot vines,&rdquo; or &ldquo;maypop,&rdquo; (<i lang=
+"la">Passiflora incarnata</i>), and hi, locative. A former important
+settlement on Ocowe river, near its junction with Hiwassee, about the
+present Benton, in Polk county, Tenn.</p>
+<p class="par">uwa&#699;yi&mdash;hand, paw, generally used with the
+possessive suffix, as uwaye&#699;ni, &ldquo;his hand.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">uwe&#699;la&mdash;liver.</p>
+<p class="par">uwe&#699;nahi&mdash;rich; used also as a personal
+name.</p>
+<p class="par">Uw&#699;tsun&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;Bouncer&rdquo;
+(habitual); from k&#699;tsi, &ldquo;it is bouncing.&rdquo; A
+traditional serpent described as moving by jerks like a measuring worm,
+to which also the name is applied.</p>
+<p class="par">Uyahye&#699;&mdash;a high peak in the Great Smoky range,
+probably on the line between Swain county, N. C., and Sevier county,
+Tenn.</p>
+<p class="par">Uy&#699;gila&#699;gi&mdash;abbreviated from
+Tsuyu&#699;gila&#699;gi, &ldquo;where there are dams,&rdquo; i. e.,
+beaver dams; from gu&#699;gilu&#699;unsku&#699;, &ldquo;he is damming
+it.&rdquo; 1. A former settlement on <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb278" href="#pb278" name="pb278">278</a>]</span>Oothcaloga
+(Ougillogy) creek of Oostanaula river, near the present Calhoun, in
+Gordon county, Ga.; 2. Beaverdam creek, west of Clarksville, in
+Habbersham county, Ga.</p>
+<p class="par">Valleytown&mdash;see Gu&#699;nahitun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Vengeance creek&mdash;see Gansa&#699;ti&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Wachesa&mdash;see Watsi&#699;su.</p>
+<p class="par">wadan&#699;&mdash;thanks!</p>
+<p class="par">wa&#699;di&mdash;paint, especially red paint.</p>
+<p class="par">wa&#699;dige-aska&#699;li&mdash;&ldquo;his head (is)
+brown,&rdquo; i. e., &ldquo;brown-head&rdquo;; from wadige&#699;i,
+brown, brown-red, and aska&#699;li, head; the copperhead snake.</p>
+<p class="par">Wadi&#699;yahi&mdash;a feminine name of doubtful
+etymology. An expert basket-making woman among the East Cherokee, who
+died in 1895. She was known to the whites as Mrs. Bushyhead.</p>
+<p class="par">Wafford&mdash;see Tsuskwanun&#699;ta.</p>
+<p class="par">Wa&#699;ginsi&mdash;the name <span class="corr" id=
+"xd23e9846" title="Source: or">of</span> an eddy at the junction of
+Little Tennessee and the main Tennessee rivers at Lenoir, in London
+county, Tenn. The town is now known to the Cherokee by the same name,
+of which the meaning is lost.</p>
+<p class="par">waguli&#699;&mdash;whippoorwill; the name is an
+onomatope; the Delaware name is wekolis.</p>
+<p class="par">Wahnenauhi&mdash;see Wani&#699;nahi.</p>
+<p class="par">wa&#699;huhu&#699;&mdash;the screech-owl.</p>
+<p class="par">wa&#699;ka&mdash;cow; from the Spanish vaca, as is also
+the Creek waga and the Arapaho wakuch.</p>
+<p class="par">wala&#699;si&mdash;the common green frog.</p>
+<p class="par">Walasi&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Frog place.&rdquo; 1. A
+former settlement, known to the whites as Frogtown, upon the creek of
+the same name, north of Dahlonega, in Lumpkin <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb279" href="#pb279" name=
+"pb279">279</a>]</span>county, Ga. 2. Le Conte and Bullhead Mountains
+in the Great Smoky range on the N. C.-Tenn. line, together with the
+ridge extending into Sevier county, Tenn., between the Middle and West
+forks of Little Pigeon river.</p>
+<p class="par">walas&#699;-unul&#699;sti&mdash;&ldquo;it fights
+frogs,&rdquo; from wala&#699;si, frog, and unul&#699;sti, &ldquo;it
+fights&rdquo; (habitually); gu&#699;lihu&#699;, &ldquo;I am
+fighting.&rdquo; The <i lang="la">Prosartes lanuginosa</i> plant.</p>
+<p class="par">Walas&#699;-unulstiyi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Place of the
+plant,&rdquo; walas&#699;-unul&#699;sti, commonly known to the whites
+as Fightingtown, from a translation of the latter part of a name; a
+former settlement on Fighting creek, near Morgantown, in Fannin county,
+Ga.</p>
+<p class="par">Walini&#699;&mdash;a feminine name, compounded from
+Wali, another form of Kwali, &ldquo;Polly,&rdquo; with a suffix added
+for euphony.</p>
+<p class="par">Wane&#699;-asun&#699;tlunyi&mdash;&ldquo;Hickory footlog
+place,&rdquo; from wane&#699;i, hickory, asun-tlun&#699;i (q. v.),
+footlog, bridge, and yi, locative. A former settlement, known to the
+whites as Hickory-log, on Etowah river, a short distance above Canton,
+in Cherokee county, Ga.</p>
+<p class="par">Wani&#699;nahi&#699;&mdash;a feminine name of uncertain
+etymology; the Wahnenauhi of the Wahnenauhi manuscript.</p>
+<p class="par">Washington&mdash;see Wa&#699;situ&#699;na.</p>
+<p class="par">Wa&#699;si&mdash;the Cherokee form for Moses.</p>
+<p class="par">Wa&#699;situ&#699;na, Wa&#699;suntu&#699;na (different
+dialect forms)&mdash;a Cherokee known to the whites as Washington, the
+sole survivor of a Removal tragedy. The name denotes a hollow log (or
+other cylindrical object) lying on the ground at a distance; the root
+of the word is asi&#699;ta, log, and the w prefix indicates
+distance.</p>
+<p class="par">Wa&#699;sulu&#699;&mdash;a large red-brown moth which
+flies about blossoming tobacco in the evening. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb280" href="#pb280" name="pb280">280</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Wata&#699;gi (commonly written Watauga, also Wataga,
+Wattoogee, Whatoga, etc.)&mdash;a name occurring in two or more towns
+in the old Cherokee country; one was an important settlement on Watauga
+creek of Little Tennessee river, a few miles below Franklin, in Macon
+county, N. C.; another was traditionally located at Watauga Old Fields,
+about the present Elizabethton on Wateuga river, in Carter county,
+Tenn. The meaning is lost.</p>
+<p class="par">Watau&#699;ga&mdash;see Wata&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Watsi&#699;sa&mdash;a prominent old Cherokee, known to
+the whites as Wachesa, a name which cannot be translated, who formerly
+lived on Beaverdam creek of Hiwassee river, below Murphy, in Cherokee
+county, N. C. From the fact that the Unicoi turnpike passed near his
+place, it was locally known as Wachesa trail.</p>
+<p class="par">wa&#699;ya&mdash;wolf; an onomatope, an imitation of the
+animal&rsquo;s howl; cf. the Creek name, yaha.</p>
+<p class="par">Wa&#699;ya&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Wolf place,&rdquo; i.
+e., place of the Wolf clan; the form Ani&#699;Wa&#699;ya&#699;hi is not
+used. Wolftown settlement on upper Soco creek, on the East Cherokee
+reservation, in Jackson county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Waya Gap&mdash;see A&#699;tahi&#699;ta.</p>
+<p class="par">Wayeh&mdash;see Wayi.</p>
+<p class="par">Wayi&mdash;&ldquo;Pigeon&rdquo;; the modern Cherokee
+name for Big Pigeon river, in western N. C.; probably a translation of
+the English name. It appears also as Wayeh.</p>
+<p class="par">Welch, Lloyd&mdash;see Da&#699;si&#699;giya&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">wesa&mdash;cat.</p>
+<p class="par">White-path&mdash;see Nunna&#699;hi-tsune&#699;ga.</p>
+<p class="par">Willstown&mdash;a former important settlement, so-called
+from the half-breed chief known to the whites as Red-headed Will, on
+Will&rsquo;s creek below Fort <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb281"
+href="#pb281" name="pb281">281</a>]</span>Payne, in Dekalb county, Ala.
+The settlement was frequently called from him Wili&#699;yi,
+&ldquo;Will&rsquo;s place,&rdquo; but this was not the proper local
+name.</p>
+<p class="par">Wilsini&#699;&mdash;The Cherokee name for H. W. Spray,
+agent and superintendent for the East Cherokee reservation; an
+adaptation of his middle name, Wilson.</p>
+<p class="par">Wil-usdi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Little Will,&rdquo; from
+Wili&#699;, Will and usdi&#699;ga or usdi&#699;, little. The Cherokee
+name for Colonel W. H. Thomas, for many years the recognized chief of
+the eastern band.</p>
+<p class="par">Wissactaw&mdash;see gahawi&#699;stia.</p>
+<p class="par">Wolftown&mdash;see Wa&#699;ya&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Wootassite&mdash;see Outacity.</p>
+<p class="par">Wrosetasatow&mdash;see Outacity.</p>
+<p class="par">Wude&#699;ligun&#699;yi&mdash;the west; literally
+&ldquo;there where it (the sun) goes down,&rdquo; (w prefixed implies
+distance, yi, locative). See also Usunhi&#699;yi and
+wusuhihun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Wuliga&#699;natutun&mdash;excelling all others, either
+good or bad; it may be used as equivalent to wastun, &ldquo;beyond the
+limit.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">wusuhihun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;there where they stay
+over night,&rdquo; i. e., &ldquo;the west.&rdquo; An archaic term used
+by the narrator of the story of Untsaiyi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Xuala&mdash;see Ani-Suwa&#699;li.</p>
+<p class="par">ya&mdash;a suffix denoting principal or real, as
+tsiskwa&#699;ya, &ldquo;principal bird,&rdquo; the sparrow;
+Ani&#699;-Yunwiya&#699;, &ldquo;principal or real people,&rdquo;
+Indians.</p>
+<p class="par">Yahula&#699;li&mdash;&ldquo;Yahu&#699;la place,&rdquo;
+from Yuhu&#699;la, a Cherokee trader said to have been taken by the
+spirit people; Yahu&#699;la, seems to be from the Creek yoho&#699;lo, a
+name having reference to the song (yoholo), used in the &ldquo;black
+drink&rdquo; ceremony of the Creeks; thus <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb282" href="#pb282" name=
+"pb282">282</a>]</span>a&#699;si-yoho&#699;lo, corrupted into Osceola,
+signified &ldquo;the black drink song&rdquo;; it may, however, be a
+true Cherokee word, yahu&#699;lu or yahu&#699;li, the name for a
+variety of hickory, also for the &ldquo;doodle-bug&rdquo;;
+Unyahu&#699;la is a feminine name, but cannot be translated. Yahoola
+creek, near Dahlonega, in Lumpkin county, Ga.</p>
+<p class="par">Yala&#699;gi&mdash;Alarka creek of Little Tennessee
+river, above the junction of Tuckasegee, in Swain county, N. C.; the
+meaning of the name is lost.</p>
+<p class="par">yandaska&#699;ga&mdash;a faultfinder.</p>
+<p class="par">Yan-e&#699;gwa&mdash;&ldquo;Big-Bear,&rdquo; from yanu,
+bear, and egwa, great, large. A prominent chief about the year 1800;
+the name occurs in treaties as Yonah, Yohanaqua and Yonahequah.</p>
+<p class="par">ya&#699;nu&mdash;bear.</p>
+<p class="par">Ya&#699;nu-dinehun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where the bears
+live,&rdquo; from yanu, bear, dinehu&#699;, &ldquo;they dwell&rdquo;
+(e&#699;hu, &ldquo;I dwell, I live&rdquo;) and yi, locative. A place on
+Oconaluftee river, a short distance above the junction with Tuckasegee,
+in Swain county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Yanugun&#699;ski&mdash;&ldquo;the bear drowns him&rdquo;
+(habitually), from yanu, bear, and tsigun&#699;iska&#699;, &ldquo;I am
+drowning him.&rdquo; A noted East Cherokee chief, known to the whites
+as Yonaguska or Drowning-bear.</p>
+<p class="par">yan&#699;-utse&#699;stu&mdash;&ldquo;The bear lies on
+it&rdquo;; the shield fern (<i lang="la">Aspidium</i>).</p>
+<p class="par">Ya&#699;nu-u&#699;natawasti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where
+the bears wash,&rdquo; (from yanu, bear, and yi, locative); a former
+pond in the Great Smoky Mountains, about the head of Raven Fork, in
+Swain county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Yawa&#699;i&mdash;&ldquo;Yawa place&rdquo;; a place on
+Yellow creek of Cheowa river, in Graham county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Yellow-Hill&mdash;see Elawa&#699;diyi. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb283" href="#pb283" name="pb283">283</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Yohanaqua&mdash;see Yan-e&#699;gwa.</p>
+<p class="par">yoho-o!&mdash;an unmeaning song refrain.</p>
+<p class="par">Yonaguska&mdash;see Ya&#699;nugun&#699;ski.</p>
+<p class="par">Yonah&mdash;1. (mountain) see Gadalu&#699;lu. 2. An
+abbreviated treaty form for the name of the chief Yana&#699;gwa.</p>
+<p class="par">Yonahequah&mdash;see Yan-e&#699;gwa.</p>
+<p class="par">Ytaua, Ytava&mdash;see I&#699;tawa&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Yu!&mdash;an unmeaning song refrain and
+interjection.</p>
+<p class="par">Yuha&#699;li&mdash;Euharlee creek, of lower Etowah
+river, in Bartow county, Ga. The name is said by the Cherokee to be a
+corruption of Yufala (Eufaula), a well known Creek local name.</p>
+<p class="par">yunsu&#699;&mdash;buffalo; cf. Creek yena&#699;sa,
+Choctaw yanash, Hichitee ya&#699;nasi.</p>
+<p class="par">Yunsa&#699;i&mdash;&ldquo;Buffalo place&rdquo;; West
+Buffalo creek of Cheowa river in Graham county, N. C.; the site of a
+former Cherokee settlement.</p>
+<p class="par">yun&#699;wi&mdash;person, man.</p>
+<p class="par">Yun&#699;wi
+Ama&#699;yine&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Water-dwelling people,&rdquo; from
+yun&#699;wi, person, and ama&#699;yine&#699;hi, plural of
+amaye&#699;hi, q. v.; a race of water fairies.</p>
+<p class="par">Yun&#699;wi Gunahi&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;Long Man&rdquo;;
+a formulistic name for the river, personified as a man with his head
+resting on the mountain and his feet stretching down to the lowlands,
+who is constantly speaking to those who can understand the message.</p>
+<p class="par">Yun&#699;wini&#699;gisgi&mdash;&ldquo;man-eaters,&rdquo;
+literally, &ldquo;They eat people&rdquo; (habitually), from
+yun&#699;wi, person, man, and uni, giski, &ldquo;they eat<span class=
+"corr" id="xd23e9995" title="Not in source">&rdquo;</span>
+(habitually), from tsikiu&#699;, &ldquo;I am eating&rdquo;; the
+Cherokee name for a distant cannibal tribe, possibly the Atakapa or the
+Tonkawa. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb284" href="#pb284" name=
+"pb284">284</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Yun&#699;wi-tsulenun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where man
+stood,&rdquo; originally yun&#699;wi-dikatagun&#699;yi, &ldquo;where
+the man stands,&rdquo; from <span class="corr" id="xd23e10001" title=
+"Source: Yun&#699;wi">yun&#699;wi</span>, person, man, tsita&#699;ga,
+&ldquo;I am standing,&rdquo; and yi, locative; Standing Indian, a high
+bald mountain at the head of Nantahala river, in Macon county, N.
+C.</p>
+<p class="par">Yun&#699;wi Tsunsdi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;little
+people,&rdquo; from yun&#699;wi, person, people, and tsunsdi&#699;ga or
+tsunsdi, plural of usdi&#699;ga or usdi&#699;, little; the Cherokee
+fairies.</p>
+<p class="par">Yun&#699;wi Usdi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;little man.&rdquo; A
+formulistic name for ginseng, a&#699;tali-guli&#699;, q. v.</p>
+<p class="par">Yun&#699;wi-usga&#699;se&#699;ti&mdash;&ldquo;dangerous
+man, terrible man&rdquo;; a traditional leader in the westward
+migration of Cherokee.</p>
+<p class="par">Yun&#699;wiya&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Indian,&rdquo;
+literally, &ldquo;principal or real person,<span class="corr" id=
+"xd23e10012" title="Source: &ldquo;">&rdquo;</span> from yun&#699;wi,
+person, and ya, a suffix denoting principal or real.</p>
+<p class="par">yu&#699;we-yuwehe&#699;&mdash;an unmeaning song
+refrain.</p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e10018width" id="p284-1"><img src=
+"images/p284-1.jpg" alt="High Falls, Buck Forest, N. C." width="644"
+height="484">
+<p class="figureHead">High Falls, Buck Forest, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;And it bounds full many a fathom</p>
+<p class="line">In its final furious fall.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e10032width" id="p284-2"><img src=
+"images/p284-2.jpg" alt="Melrose Falls, Tryon, N. C." width="642"
+height="483">
+<p class="figureHead">Melrose Falls, Tryon, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Plunges down deep in the gulches</p>
+<p class="line">Where the rocks are worn with age.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="back">
+<div class="transcribernote">
+<h2 class="main">Colophon</h2>
+<h3 class="main">Availability</h3>
+<p class="par first">This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no
+cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give
+it away or re-use it under the terms of the <a class="seclink xd23e43"
+title="External link" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/license" rel=
+"license">Project Gutenberg License</a> included with this eBook or
+online at <a class="seclink xd23e43" title="External link" href=
+"https://www.gutenberg.org/" rel="home">www.gutenberg.org</a>.</p>
+<p class="par">This eBook is produced by the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at <a class="exlink xd23e43" title="External link"
+href="http://www.pgdp.net/">www.pgdp.net</a>.</p>
+<h3 class="main">Encoding</h3>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<h3 class="main">Revision History</h3>
+<ul>
+<li>2016-10-26 Started.</li>
+</ul>
+<h3 class="main">External References</h3>
+<p>This Project Gutenberg eBook contains external references. These
+links may not work for you.</p>
+<h3 class="main">Corrections</h3>
+<p>The following corrections have been applied to the text:</p>
+<table class="correctiontable" summary=
+"Overview of corrections applied to the text.">
+<tr>
+<th>Page</th>
+<th>Source</th>
+<th>Correction</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e3102">67</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Balsam Mountains.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e3127">67</a>,
+<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6434">137</a>, <a class="pageref" href=
+"#xd23e7976">215</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7981">215</a>,
+<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8208">223</a>, <a class="pageref" href=
+"#xd23e8841">245</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9108">253</a>,
+<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9769">276</a>, <a class="pageref" href=
+"#xd23e9995">283</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">&rdquo;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e3673">77</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Mount Pisgah.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e4020">83</a>,
+<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6326">129</a>, <a class="pageref" href=
+"#xd23e6947">170</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7181">186</a>,
+<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8753">242</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e4457">91</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Whiteside Mountain.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e5326">107</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Where the Serpent Coiled.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6374">132</a>,
+<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7273">192</a>, <a class="pageref" href=
+"#xd23e8615">237</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8833">245</a>,
+<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9105">253</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">&ldquo;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6493">139</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">ran</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6640">150</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">perferred</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">preferred</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6734">155</a>,
+<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6776">158</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Agan-unitsi</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Agan-uni-tsi</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6788">159</a>,
+<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6936">169</a>, <a class="pageref" href=
+"#xd23e7055">177</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7988">215</a>,
+<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8035">217</a>, <a class="pageref" href=
+"#xd23e8819">244</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9012">251</a>,
+<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9482">267</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">.</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">,</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6869">165</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">law</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">lay</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7268">192</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Toh-kee-os-tee</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Tah-kee-os-tee</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7418">200</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">u</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">&ucirc;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7514">202</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">akwandu&rsquo;li</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">akwandu&#699;li</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7552">203</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">a&prime;netsa&#699;gi</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">anetsa&#699;gi</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7591">205</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">&rsquo;&rdquo;</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">&rdquo;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7738">210</a>,
+<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8122">220</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">)</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Deleted</i>]</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7973">215</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Da</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Da&#699;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8119">220</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">stroke</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">strike</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8124">220</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">personfied</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">personified</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8164">222</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Yellow-hill</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Yellow-Hill</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8306">227</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Tsistu&rsquo;yi</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Tsistu&#699;yi</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8482">234</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">iya</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">i&#699;ya</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8486">234</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">iya&#699;-tawi&#699;skage</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">i&#699;ya&#699;-tawi&#699;skage</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8703">241</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">see</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8732">242</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Na ts-asun&#699;tlun</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Nats-asun&#699;tlun</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8790">243</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">&rdquo;</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">&ldquo;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8814">244</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">sen</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">sun</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8979">250</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">.)</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9022">251</a>,
+<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9231">258</a>, <a class="pageref" href=
+"#xd23e9493">268</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9511">268</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">)</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9189">257</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">tawi-skala</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">tawi&#699;skala</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9211">257</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">city</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">City</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9292">260</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Nicoliana</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Nicotiana</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9331">261</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Nanatahala</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Nantahala</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9419">265</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">tskili'</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">tskili&#699;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9535">269</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">(</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9689">273</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">ganelaski</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">gane&#699;laski</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9709">274</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">&rdquo; (</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">,&rdquo; &ldquo;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9846">278</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">or</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">of</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e10001">284</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Yun&#699;wi</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">yun&#699;wi</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e10012">284</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">&ldquo;</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">&rdquo;</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 53375 ***</div>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/53375-8.txt b/old/53375-8.txt
index ef7fe62..4fd4c3a 100644
--- a/53375-8.txt
+++ b/old/53375-8.txt
@@ -1,9243 +1,9243 @@
-The Project Gutenberg EBook of Occoneechee, by Robert Frank Jarrett

-

-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most

-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions

-whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of

-the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at

-www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll have

-to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.

-

-Title: Occoneechee

-       The Maid of the Mystic Lake

-

-Author: Robert Frank Jarrett

-

-Release Date: October 27, 2016 [EBook #53375]

-

-Language: English

-

-Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1

-

-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OCCONEECHEE ***

-

-

-

-

-Produced by Jeroen Hellingman and the Online Distributed

-Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net/ for Project

-Gutenberg (This file was produced from images generously

-made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-                              OCCONEECHEE

-                      THE MAID OF THE MYSTIC LAKE

-

-

-                                   BY

-                          ROBERT FRANK JARRETT

-                 Author of "Back Home and Other Poems"

-

-

-                         THE SHAKESPEARE PRESS

-                           410 E. 32d Street

-                                New York

-                                  1916

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-                           Copyrighted, 1916

-                            By R. F. Jarrett

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-PREFACE.

-

-

-Realizing that the memory of a nation is best kept aglow by its

-songs and the writings of its poets, I have been inspired to write

-OCCONEECHEE, in order that the once powerful nation known as the

-Cherokee may be preserved in mind, and that their myths, their legends

-and their traditions may linger and be transmitted to the nations

-yet to come.

-

-Trusting that a generous people may hail with delight the advent

-of this new work, I now dedicate its pages to all lovers of music,

-poetry and fine art.

-

-

-    When you've read its pages give or lend

-    This volume to some good old friend.

-

-

-The Author.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-BRIEF BIOGRAPHY OF THE AUTHOR.

-

-

-Robert Frank Jarrett was born in Asheville, N. C., on July 21st, 1864,

-and while having resided in other states and cities and visited many of

-the most important sections of the South, yet has made his principal

-home within the shadows of the rugged mountain peaks of his native

-and picturesque home land, the Old North State.

-

-He was educated in the field and forest, by rippling stream and

-rolling rill, studied in the open book of Nature and recited to the

-Master of Destinies where the shadows of the everlasting hills lock

-hands with the sunshine of the valley.

-

-He is a reader and student of the ancient writers and poets of all

-ages, singer of the old songs, lover of the new;

-

-Servant in official capacity for many years of National, State and

-Civic governments; humble worker with the busy toilers, and writer

-of prose and verse from earliest childhood;

-

-Author of "Back Home and Other Poems," published in 1911, and many

-other manuscripts not yet published.

-

-Married to Sallie C. Wild, of Franklin, N. C., on Dec. 25th, 1892. For

-twenty years a resident of Dillsboro, N. C., where orchard and field

-and dense deep forests have inspired and impelled him on.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-CONTENTS

-

-                                                Page

-

-    Part   I. The Cherokee,                        7

-    Part  II. Occoneechee,                        21

-    Part III. Myths of the Cherokee,             127

-    Part  IV. Glossary of Cherokee Words,        197

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-ILLUSTRATIONS

-

-

-    Portrait of Robert Frank Jarrett,   Frontispiece

-    Tuckaseigee Falls, above Dillsboro,            9

-    Along Scott's Creek, below Balsam,            21

-    Sunset from Mt. Junaluska,                    26

-    Lake Junaluska, near Waynesville,             26

-    A Glimpse of the Craggies,                    37

-    From Top of Chimney Rock,                     37

-    Graybeard Mountain,                           37

-    Chimney Top,                                  37

-    Upper Catawba Falls, Esmeralda,               43

-    Occoneechee Falls, Jackson County,            43

-    In the Cherokee Country,                      43

-    Whitewater Falls,                             43

-    The Balsam Mountains in Jackson Co.,          51

-    North from Sunset Rock, Tryon Mt.,            51

-    Balsam Mountains,                             67

-    From Bald Rock,                               67

-    Lower Cullasaja Falls,                        73

-    Mount Pisgah,                                 77

-    Indian Mound, Franklin, N. C.,                77

-    Tallulah Falls, Ga.,                          81

-    Whiteside Mountain,                           91

-    Tennessee River, above Franklin,              99

-    Lake Toxaway,                                 99

-    Tomb of Junaluska, Robbinsville,             107

-    Where the Serpent Coiled,                    107

-    Harvesting at Cullowhee, N. C.,              117

-    Craggy Mountains from near Asheville,        117

-    Sequoya,                                     129

-    John Ax, the Great Story Teller,             129

-    Everglades of Florida,                       129

-    Tuckaseigee River,                           139

-    Kanuga Lake,                                 153

-    Lake Fairfield,                              153

-    Pacolet River, Hendersonville,               153

-    A Cherokee Indian Ball Team,                 171

-    The Pools, Chimney Rock,                     171

-    French Broad River,                          185

-    Broad River,                                 185

-    From the Toxaway,                            191

-    Chimney Top Gap,                             191

-    Chimney Rock,                                197

-    Occonestee Falls,                            237

-    Linville Falls,                              237

-    Triple Falls, Buck Forest,                   237

-    High Falls, Buck Forest,                     284

-    Melrose Falls, Tryon, N. C.,                 284

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-PART I

-

-THE CHEROKEE

-

-

-    "I know not how the truth may be,

-    I tell the tale as 'twas told to me."

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-THE CHEROKEE.

-

-A brief history of the Cherokee Nation or tribe.

-

-

-This history has been gleaned from the works of Ethnology by James

-Mooney and from word of mouth, as related to the author during the

-past thirty years.

-

-In the beginning of historical events, we hear of man in his

-paradisaical home, located somewhere within the boundaries known

-as ancient Egypt or Chaldea. His home was far away and his former

-history shrouded in the darkness of countless centuries of the past,

-and when we contemplate the remoteness of his ancestry, we become

-lost in the midst of our own research.

-

-When historical light began to flash from the Orient, we find man

-emerging with some degree of civilization from a barbaric state into

-the advanced degrees of civilized and enlightened tribes.

-

-When the maritime navigator, full of visions and dreams, dared to sail

-for those hitherto undiscovered shores, now known as America, there

-lived within the realm a wandering, happy, yet untutored, race of men

-whom we afterwards called Indians, who dwelt in great numbers along the

-whole distance from Penobscot Bay south to the everglades of Florida.

-

-Among the more noted tribes were the Abnaki, Mohawk, Mohican, Huron,

-Iroquois, Munsi, Erie, Seneca, Susquehanna, Mamrahoac, Powhatan,

-Monacan, Nollaway, Tuscarora, Pamlico, Catawba, Santee, Uchee, Yamasee,

-Creek, Choctaw, Seminole, Showano and Cherokee, but of all of these

-it is left for us to speak alone of the valiant Cherokee, the most

-noble of all Red Men, who inhabited that picturesque country in

-the Appalachian chain of mountains in East Tennessee, Western North

-Carolina, Northern Georgia, South Carolina and Alabama, and part of

-Virginia, Kentucky and West Virginia.

-

-These are the people of whom little has been said and less written

-than most of the children of men. Yet of all of the native Americans

-the Cherokee tribe was the most noble, humane and intelligent.

-

-Somewhere in the annals of the Aborigines of America, the Cherokee

-separated from the great Northern tribe, the Iroquois, and by

-preference inhabited the hills of the Appalachian range, and here

-we find them early in the dawn of American history, occupying a

-country which affords ample environment for the artist, the poet

-and the painter. Had Homer seen and Michelangelo traveled among the

-towering hills of the happiest land of earth, the song and the chisel,

-instead of being draped with the vail of blood, would have inspired

-the world to look forward to the time when there will be no death

-serenely sitting upon the throne of war.

-

-At one time the Cherokee tribe was the largest and most learned in

-art and literature of any tribe in the United States, having perhaps

-as many as twenty-five thousand people, and attained, under Sequoya,

-whose photograph is herein reproduced, that degree of learning, that

-many of the tribe became quite familiar with letters and literature,

-printed from the alphabet invented by this noted man, inventor and

-devout preacher of the Christian gospel.

-

-Sequoya was himself an untutored half-breed, yet to him are we indebted

-for an alphabet of 76 characters which stands third among the alphabets

-which have been invented among men, and by which a Cherokee child

-learns to read as fluently in six months of study as does the average

-English child in three years of study under our system.

-

-The name Cherokee, so far as research reveals, has no meaning or the

-meaning has been lost or perhaps Anglicized, but we have authority

-for its use, for the past 375 years.

-

-When De Soto's expedition was made through the Appalachian mountains,

-in 1540, he encountered this great and friendly nation living

-peacefully in their paradise among the hills and mountains, who

-received him as they were wont to receive a friendly tribe; so did

-they ever receive and treat the white neighbor until treaty after

-treaty had been broken and their homes had been destroyed and every

-compact violated.

-

-Hostilities were in most cases caused by encroaching whites and broken

-promises and intrigues of the foreigners, who were gradually drawing

-the cordon around the diminishing tribe.

-

-The battle of Horseshoe Bend, which took place in the Tallapoosa

-river, in Alabama, on the 27th day of March, 1814, was one of the

-notable events in Cherokee history, where Junaluska, in conjunction

-with General Jackson, slaughtered or massacred nearly one thousand

-Creeks, which ended the Creek war and brought much honor to Junaluska

-and his valiant Cherokee army of more than 500 men.

-

-For the terrors which followed the battle of Horseshoe Bend, we

-have only to refer to history to be able to ascertain the facts

-concerning the bloody atrocities which were perpetrated upon an

-oppressed people. Then came the end, which occurred in the year 1838,

-which culminated in the removal of the band to the Indian Territory,

-which is now called Oklahoma, (a Choctaw word meaning red people,

-Okla, people; homa, red).

-

-This removal was the most luckless and recreant of all the abuses

-that had been heaped upon the brave but helpless band of Cherokee.

-

-Junaluska, who witnessed the removal, but was permitted to remain with

-the residue, remarked that had he known that General Jackson (who

-became President), would have removed the Cherokee in such a brutal

-manner, he would have killed him at the battle of Horseshoe Bend.

-

-The history of the removal of the Cherokee, as told by James Mooney

-of the Department of American Ethnology, gleaned by him from eye

-witnesses and actors in the tragedy, may well exceed in weight of

-grief and pathos any other act in American history. Even the much

-sung song of the exile of the Arcadians falls far behind it in the

-sum of death and misery.

-

-Under General Winfield Scott, an army of 5,000 volunteers and regular

-troops were concentrated in the Cherokee country, and by instruction

-from Washington, D. C., he was directed and gave orders to soldiers to

-gather all Indians to the various stockades, which had been previously

-prepared for their reception. From these posts, squads of soldiers

-were sent to search out, with rifle and bayonet, every small cabin

-which could be found within the ramifications and deep recesses of the

-great Appalachian range of mountains, and bring to the forts every man,

-woman and child to be found within the gates of the granite hills.

-

-Families, while sitting peacefully at the noon-day meal; others

-while performing the matutinal ablution, were suddenly startled by

-the gleam of bayonets and with blows, curses and oaths from the men

-called soldiers, the Indians were driven like cattle from their humble

-homes down the rugged mountain paths, and their houses in many cases

-were burned and their small possessions destroyed, as the brave but

-defenceless Cherokee people looked on with that wonderful stoicism

-which no other race of men ever possessed.

-

-Men were seized in the fields, women torn from the wheel and the

-distaff, and children frightened from the pleasures of play. The

-vandals who followed in the wake of the soldiery, looting and

-pillaging, burning and destroying, yet calling themselves civilized

-Christians, were such a band of outlaws as is seldom seen even among

-the most savage and barbaric races.

-

-Even Indian graves were robbed of the silver pendants and other

-valuables which had been deposited with the dead. Women who were not

-able to go, were actually forced at the point of a bayonet to march

-with the same speed as men.

-

-Upon one occasion the soldiers surrounded the house of an old Christian

-patriot, who when informed as to what was to take place, called his

-wife, children and grandchildren around him, kneeling down among them

-offered a last prayer in the sanctuary of his home, in his native

-tongue, while the soldiers stood astonished, looking on in silence.

-

-When his devotions were finished, he arose, bade the household follow

-him, and he led them into exile, with that becoming Christian fortitude

-which is seldom witnessed among men.

-

-One woman, on finding the house surrounded, went to the door and called

-up the chickens, fed them for the last time, bade them farewell,

-then taking her baby upon her back, she extended her hands to her

-other two small children, then followed her husband into exile,

-from whence she never returned.

-

-A Georgia volunteer, who afterwards became a Colonel in the Confederate

-service, said, "I have fought through the Civil War and have seen

-men shot to pieces and slaughtered by the thousands, but the Cherokee

-removal was the most cruel work I ever witnessed."

-

-All were not thus so submissive. One old man named Tsali, "Charlie,"

-was seized, with his wife, his brother, his three sons and their

-families; exasperated at the brutality accorded his wife, who being

-unable to travel fast, was prodded with the bayonets to hasten her

-steps, he urged the other men to join him in a dash for liberty, and

-as he spoke in Cherokee, the soldiers, although they heard, understood

-nothing until each warrior suddenly sprang upon the soldier nearest

-and endeavored to wrench his gun from him. The attack was so sudden

-and unexpected that one soldier was killed and the rest fled, while

-the Indians escaped to the mountains. Hundreds of others, some of

-them from the various stockades, managed also to escape to the hills

-and mountains from time to time, where those who did not die from

-starvation subsisted on roots and wild berries until the hunt was over.

-

-Finding that it was impossible to secure these fugitives, General Scott

-finally tendered them a proposition, through Colonel W. H. Thomas,

-known as Wil-Usdi in Cherokee, their trusted friend and chief, that

-if they would bring Charlie and his party for punishment, the rest

-would be allowed to remain until their case could be adjusted by

-the Government.

-

-On hearing of the proposition, Charlie voluntarily came in with his

-sons, offering himself as a sacrifice for his people.

-

-By command of General Scott, Charlie, his brother and the two elder

-sons were shot, near the mouth of Tuckaseigee river, a detachment

-of Cherokee prisoners being compelled to do the shooting in order to

-impress upon the Indians the fact of their utter helplessness.

-

-From those fugitives thus permitted to remain, originated the present

-eastern band of Cherokee.

-

-When nearly 17,000 Cherokee had been gathered into the stockades,

-the removal began.

-

-Early in June several parties, aggregating about five thousand persons,

-were brought down by the troops to the old agency on Hiwassee river,

-at the present Calhoun, Tenn., and to Ross landing (now Chattanooga,

-Tenn.) and to Gunter's landing (now Guntersville, Ala.) lower down on

-the Tennessee, where they were put upon steamers and transported down

-the Tennessee and Ohio to the farther side of the Mississippi, whence

-their journey was continued by land to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma).

-

-The removal in the the hottest part of the year was attended with so

-great sickness and mortality that, by resolution of the Cherokee

-National Council, John Ross and the other chiefs submitted to

-General Scott a proposition that the Cherokee be allowed to remove

-themselves in the fall, after the sickly season ended. This was

-granted on condition that all should have started by the 20th of

-October, except the sick and aged, who might not be able to move so

-rapidly. Accordingly, officers were appointed by the Cherokee council

-to take charge of the emigration; the Indians being organized into

-detachments averaging one thousand each, with two leaders in charge

-of each department, and a sufficient number of wagons and horses for

-the purpose.

-

-In this way the remainder, enrolled at about 13,000, (including

-a few negro slaves), started on the long march overland late in

-the fall. Those who thus emigrated under the management of their

-own officers, assembled at Rattlesnake Springs, near the present

-Charleston, Tenn., where a final council was held, in which it was

-decided to continue their old constitution and laws in their new

-home. Then, in October, 1838, the long procession of exiles was

-set in motion. A few went by the river route, but nearly all went

-overland. Crossing, to the north side of the Hiwassee river, at a

-ferry above Gunter's Creek, they proceeded down along the river,

-the sick, aged and children, together with their belongings, being

-hauled in wagons, the rest on foot or on horses.

-

-It was like an army, 645 wagons, regiment after regiment, the wagons

-in the center, the officers along the line, and the horsemen on the

-flank and at the rear.

-

-Tennessee river was crossed at Tucker's ferry, a short distance

-above Jolly's Island, at the mouth of Hiwassee; thence the route

-lay south of Pikeville, through McMinnville, and on to Nashville,

-where the Cumberland was crossed.

-

-They then went on to Hopkinsville, where the noted chief White Path, in

-charge of a detachment, sickened and died. His people buried him by the

-roadside, with a box over the grave and poles with streamers around it,

-that the others coming on behind might note the spot and remember him.

-

-Somewhere along that march of death--for the exiles died by tens and

-twenties every day of the journey--the devoted wife of the noted chief,

-John Ross, sank down and died, leaving him to go on with bitter pain

-of bereavement added to the heartbreak at the ruin and desolation of

-his nation.

-

-The Ohio was crossed at a ferry near the mouth of the Cumberland,

-and the army passed on through southern Illinois until the great

-Mississippi was reached, opposite Cape Girardean, Missouri. It

-was now the middle of winter, with the river running full of ice,

-so that several detachments were obliged to wait some time on the

-eastern bank for the channel to become clear.

-

-Information furnished by old men at Tahlequah after the lapse of

-fifty years showed that time had not sufficed to wipe out the memory

-of the miseries of that halt beside the frozen river, with hundreds

-of sick and dying penned up in wagons or stretched upon the ground,

-with only a blanket overhead to keep out the January blast.

-

-The crossing was at last made, in two divisions, at Cape Girardean and

-Green's ferry, a short distance below, whence the march was continued

-on through Missouri to Indian Territory, the later detachment making

-a northerly circuit by Springfield, because those who had gone before

-had killed off all the game along the direct route.

-

-They had started in October, 1838, and it was now March, 1839, the

-journey having occupied nearly six months of the hardest part of

-the year.

-

-It is difficult to state positively as to the mortality and loss by

-reason of the removal of this once happy nation, but as near as can

-be ascertained, more than four thousand persons perished along the

-great highway of death.

-

-On the arrival in Indian Territory, the exiles at once set about

-building houses and planting crops, the government having agreed under

-treaty to furnish them rations for one year after arrival. They were

-welcomed by their kindred, the "Old Settlers," who held the country

-under previous treaties of 1828 and 1833. These, however, being

-already regularly organized under a government and chiefs of their

-own, were by no means disposed to be swallowed by the governmental

-authority of the newcomers.

-

-Jealousies developed, in which the minority or treaty party of the

-emigrants, headed by Major Ridge, took sides with the old settlers

-against John Ross of the National party, which outnumbered the others

-nearly three to one.

-

-While these differences were at their height, the Nation was thrown

-into a fever of excitement by the news that Major Ridge, his son,

-John Ridge, and Elias Boudinot--all leaders of the treaty party--had

-been killed by adherents of the National party, immediately after

-the adjournment of a general council, which had adjourned after

-nearly two weeks of debate without having been able to bring about

-harmonious action. Major Ridge was waylaid and shot near the Arkansas

-line, his son was taken from bed and cut to pieces with hatchets,

-while Boudinot was treacherously killed at his home at Park Hill,

-Indian Territory, all three being killed upon the same day, June 22,

-1839, which date marks the decline and fall of a once great and happy

-people. For fifty years which followed this luckless day in June,

-Indian Territory became a veritable theater of crime and disorder.

-

-From the South meridian of the sunflower state, to the cypress

-banks of the Red river, and from Fort Smith to the shifting sands of

-the great plains, for half a century sheltered a coterie of actors

-that would have made Robin Hood or Kit Carson blush with envy. The

-soil of the five tribes has been moistened with human blood when

-there was none to answer the cry for vengeance; when no sound save

-the deadly snap of the Winchester and the pit-pat of the bronchos'

-hoofs were there to bear testimony. Now, those who incited intrigue

-and murder are gone, the desperado is a thing of the past, the brave

-men who enlisted in the hazardous governmental service to give them

-battle have disappeared, and the sound of the firing Winchester used

-in deadly conflict, has been replaced by the reaper and the mower,

-and toilers in the field of commerce and industry.

-

-The Indian tribe has been supplanted by the American Government;

-and the school and church have taken the place of the chase and the

-feud. Where the wild flowers nodded far out on the lonely plain,

-vast fields of wheat and corn whisper the great name of Oklahoma.

-

-At this writing the eastern band of Cherokee is about to be dissolved,

-their lands allotted, and in a few more decades the Cherokee will

-have passed, and the name will be presented only in old records and

-in the hearts of their descendants.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-PART II

-

-OCCONEECHEE

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-OCCONEECHEE,

-

-The Maid of the Mystic Lake,

-

-by Robert Frank Jarrett.

-

-

-

-I.

-

-Far away beneath the shadows

-Of the towering Smoky range,

-In the Western North Carolina,

-Comes a story true, but strange;

-Of a maiden and her lover,

-Of the tribe of Cherokee,

-And she lived far up the mountain,

-Near the hills of Tennessee.

-

-Far above the habitation

-Of the white man, and the plain,

-Lived the dark-eyed Indian maiden,

-Of the Junaluska strain;

-Junaluska, chief, her father,

-Occoneechee was his pride,

-In the lonely little wigwam,

-High upon the mountain side.

-

-There the stream Oconaluftee

-Hides its source far from the eye,

-Of the white man in his rovings,

-Far upon the mountain high;

-And the forest land primeval,

-Roamed by doe and wandering bear,

-And the hissing, coiling serpent,

-Was no stranger to them there.

-

-Catamount and mountain-boomer

-Sprang from cliff-side into trees,

-And the eagle, hawk and vulture

-Winged their course on every breeze.

-At the footfall of this maiden

-Sped the gobbler wild and free,

-From the maiden Occoneechee

-Flitted butterfly and bee.

-

-Occoneechee, forest dweller,

-Lived amid the scene so wild;

-In the simple Indian manner

-Lived old Junaluska's child.

-Streams of purest limpid water

-Gushed forth o'er the rock below,

-And the trout and silver minnow

-Dwelt in water, cold as snow.

-

-Occoneechee's Mother Qualla

-Passed away from earth to God,

-When this maiden was a baby

-And was covered by the sod.

-High upon the rugged mountain,

-Far above the haunts of men,

-With their burdens and their sorrows,

-And their load of care and sin.

-

-Thus the maiden knew no mother,

-Knew no love as most maids know,

-Heard no song, as sung by mother,

-Softly, sweetly, plaintive, slow.

-When the twilight came at evening,

-And the wigwam fire was lit,

-And the bearskin robe was spread out

-Upon which they were to sit,

-

-Junaluska wept his Qualla,

-Wept the lover who had flown,

-For she was the only lover

-That this chieftain's heart had known;

-And at night, there was no lover

-To sit by him on the rug,

-Made of skins of bear and woodchuck,

-In the wigwam, crude but snug.

-

-And at times he'd stand at evening,

-When the sun was setting low,

-And would watch with adoration

-Shifting clouds and scenes below;

-And his soul would want to wander

-Where the clime of setting sun

-Would reveal his long lost Qualla,

-When his work of life was done.

-

-And the tears would fill his eyelids,

-And emotion shake his frame,

-When he thought of her departed,

-Or some friend would speak her name.

-And he'd call on God the spirit,

-When he'd see the golden glow

-Of the radiant splendid sunset,

-Where he ever longed to go.

-

-Then he'd think of Occoneechee,

-In her adolescent years,

-How she needed his protection

-There to drive away her fears.

-Then he'd cease his deep repining,

-And his wailing and his grief,

-For her future and her beauty

-Brought the chieftain's heart relief.

-

-Though the life of Occoneechee

-Was one lonely strange career,

-And the solitude and silence

-Made the romance of it drear,

-While the wildness of the forest,

-With the animals that roam,

-And the birds in great profusion

-Cheered her little wigwam home,

-

-Yet her spirit, like the eagle's,

-Longed to soar off and be free

-From the wilds of gorge and mountain,

-Stream and cliff and crag and tree.

-And one day there came a red man

-Wandering up the mountain side,

-From the vale Oconaluftee

-Which was every Indian's pride.

-

-Tall and handsome, agile runner,

-And the keenness of his eye

-Did betray his quick perception

-To the casual passer-by.

-Hair hung down in long black tresses,

-Far below his shoulder-blade,

-And the brilliant painted feathers

-By the passing winds were swayed.

-

-And the arrows in his quiver

-Tipped with variegated stone,

-And the tomahawk and war knife,

-All the weapons he had known;

-Yet he knew all of their uses,

-None could wield with greater skill

-Tomahawk or knife or arrow,

-Than this wandering Whippoorwill.

-

-Occoneechee, sitting lonely,

-In a shady little nook,

-Near the opening, by the wigwam,

-And the babbling crystal brook;

-She was bathing feet and ankles,

-Arms and hands she did refresh,

-In the iridescent splendor

-Of the fountain cool and fresh.

-

-Whippoorwill, the wandering warrior,

-Spied the maiden by the pool,

-'Neath the spreading tree above her,

-By the limpid stream so cool;

-Then he ventured there to tarry,

-Watch and linger in the wild,

-Near the maiden and the fountain,

-Watch this forest-dwelling child.

-

-Though a warrior, brave, undaunted

-By the fiercest, wildest foe,

-In the battle's hardest struggle,

-Chasing bear and buck and doe;

-For his life was used to hardships,

-Scaling mountains in the chase,

-Yet he ne'er was known to falter

-'Mid the hottest of the race.

-

-But he now was moved by caution

-To approach, with greatest care,

-The unknown maid, there before him,

-And the scene so rich and rare;

-And his brave heart almost failed him

-As he comes up to her side,

-And obeisance makes he to her,

-E'er the chieftain she espied.

-

-Occoneechee sprang up quickly

-From the rock moss-covered seat,

-All abashed, but lithe and nimble

-Were her ankles and her feet.

-"O-I-see-you," were the greetings

-They exchanged spontaneously,

-As they moved off together.

-Occoneechee leads the way,

-

-To the quiet little wigwam,

-Where old Junaluska dwells

-With the maiden Occoneechee,

-And for whom his heart up-wells.

-Spreading out the flowing doe-skin

-Flat upon the earthen floor,

-Occoneechee and the warrior

-Sat and talked the chases o'er.

-

-Sat and talked of bear and venison,

-Sat and smoked the calumet.

-These the greetings of the warrior,

-When the maiden first he met.

-Whippoorwill, the wandering warrior,

-Tarried for a night and day,

-Tarried long within the wigwam,

-And was loath to go away,

-

-For the maid and Junaluska

-To the warrior were so kind,

-That 'twere hard among the tribesmen

-Such a generous clan to find.

-But at dawn upon the morrow,

-Whippoorwill must wend his way

-From old Junaluska's wigwam,

-For too long had been his stay.

-

-Kind affection, Junaluska

-Gave to parting Whippoorwill,

-As he sauntered from the wigwam,

-Wandering toward the rugged rill.

-Now the silence so unbroken

-Starts a tear-drop in each eye,

-And the gentle passing zephyr

-Gathered up the lover's sigh,

-

-And the sighs were borne to heaven,

-Like as lovers' sighs ascend,

-As the good angelic zephyrs

-Bear the message, friend to friend.

-Now each heart was sore and lonely,

-Sad the parting lovers feel,

-Yet the hopes of love's devotion

-Deep into each life did steal.

-

-And when Whippoorwill had left them,

-Good old Junaluska said

-To his daughter Occoneechee,

-"Would you like this brave to wed?"

-Occoneechee, timid maiden,

-Never thought of love before,

-For she ne'er had spread the doe-skin

-Wide upon the earthen floor,

-

-For a warrior, brave as he was,

-One possessed of skill so rare,

-With his tomahawk and war knife,

-And such long black raven hair;

-And she knew not how to answer,

-Though she felt as lovers do,

-When they plight their deep devotion

-To each other to be true.

-

-"Occoneechee! child of wild woods,

-I am growing old and gray,

-And I feel I soon must leave you,

-Though I grieve to go away.

-I can feel the hand of time, child,

-Pressing down upon my head,

-And I know it won't be long now

-Till I'm resting with the dead.

-

-"I can hear your mother calling,

-Sweetly, gently, calling me,

-Beckoning from the golden sunset,

-And she calls also for thee.

-'Twas just last night she stood beside me,

-While you lay there sound asleep,

-And she called me, 'Junaluska!'

-And her voice caused me to weep.

-

-"And she said, 'Dear Junaluska,

-I have come to tell you where

-You will find me at the portals

-Of the Lord's house over there.

-I will be among the blessed,

-Be with angels up on high.

-Have no fears of Death's dark river,

-Be courageous till you die.'

-

-"Then she stood and sang a message

-O'er you in your lonely bed,

-For a moment, then departed;

-And I called, but she had fled.

-Yet I daily hear her sweet voice,

-And I see her image there,

-As she calls us unto heaven,

-'Mid the pleasures, O, so rare.

-

-"And I soon shall cross the river,

-And will join her on the strand,

-With immortals long departed,

-In the fair, blest, happy land.

-When I'm gone you'll need protection,

-By a brave who knows no fear,

-And when sorrows overflow you,

-One to wipe away the tear.

-

-"Then I'll watch and wait with Qualla,

-With the chiefs and warriors brave,

-Who have joined the tribe eternal,

-Conquered death, hell and the grave.

-I shall watch then for your coming,

-And I'll tell the mighty throng

-That you're coming in the future,

-And we'll greet you with the song,

-

-"That the seraphs sing in glory,

-Casting gem crowns at the feet,

-Praising Him who reigns forever

-On the grand tribunal seat."

-As he talked his voice grew weaker,

-And his hand grew very chill,

-Then the moisture crowned his forehead,

-And his pulse was deathly still.

-

-Then she knew that her dear mother

-And the great chiefs that had been

-Had op'ed the gate of heaven wide

-To let another brave chief in.

-Then she sobbed out for her father,

-As a broken-hearted child

-Will for loved ones just departed,

-Left so lonely in the wild.

-

-But the dead, too soon forgotten,

-Now lies buried by the side

-Of his much lamented Qualla,

-Once his sweet and lovely bride,

-While their spirits dwell together,

-Free from care and want and pain,

-Where the tempest full of sorrow

-Ne'er can reach their souls again.

-

-Years had flown since Occoneechee

-Saw her loving Whippoorwill,

-High upon the Smoky Mountain,

-Near the crystal rippling rill;

-For the white man had transported

-Brave and squaw and little child

-Far away to Oklahoma,

-To the western hills so wild.

-

-Some had gone to the Dakotas,

-Some had gone to Mexico,

-Some had joined the tribe eternal;

-All were going, sure but slow.

-For the white man's occupation,

-Cherokee must give their land,

-And must give up all possessions,

-Go and join some other band.

-

-Yet a residue of tribesmen

-Were allowed here to remain,

-'Mid the mountains and the forest,

-And the meadows and the plain,

-But the strong men and the warriors,

-Most of them had gone away,

-Far across the mighty mountains

-Toward the closing of the day.

-

-General Jackson's men in blue coats

-Came and took away the braves,

-Took away the squaw and papoose,

-Buried many in their graves,

-Yet the residue triumphant,

-Roamed out in the forest wild,

-Without shelter, food or comfort,

-For decrepid chief and child.

-

-Sad and weary, long and dreary,

-Moved the Cherokee out West,

-With their store of skins and venison,

-And the trinkets they possessed.

-Up across the Smoky Mountains,

-Rough and rugged trail and road,

-Lined by rhododendron blossoms,

-Close beside where Lufty flowed.

-

-When they down the gorge descended,

-Winding toward the Tennessee,

-Branch and bough o'erhead were bending

-And no landscape could they see,

-And the labyrinthian footway

-Led through forests dense and dark

-And the air was sweetly laden

-With the bruised birchen bark;

-

-Hemlocks tall and swaying gently

-In the sighing passing breeze,

-And the fir and spreading balsam

-Joined the cadence of the trees.

-At the base of birch and hemlock

-Flowed the Pigeon fierce and bold,

-With its water clear as crystal,

-And its fountains icy cold;

-

-Flowed the dauntless rapid waters,

-Fresh and pure and ever free,

-Rushed o'er cataract and cascade,

-Ever onward toward the sea.

-Whippoorwill, the wandering warrior,

-Shorn of power and of pride,

-Marched in single file and lonely,

-With his hands behind him tied.

-

-Hands were bound with thongs and fetters--

-Thongs and fetters could not hold

-Brave so gallant young and noble

-As this valiant warrior bold.

-For his thoughts of Occoneechee,

-Who was left far, far behind,

-With the residue of women,

-Stirred his brave heart and his mind.

-

-On and on for days they traveled

-By the stream whose silver flow,

-From the great high Smoky Mountains,

-Became silent now and slow;

-For the rocks and rising ridges,

-Once their progress did impede,

-Now were fading in the distance,

-Could not now retard their speed.

-

-And the journey, long and tedious,

-Wore the women, wore the brave,

-And they sore and much lamented,

-To be bound as serf or slave;

-For their free-born spirits never

-Had been bound by man before,

-Till the blue-coat Jackson soldier

-Came and dragged them from their door.

-

-Corn was blooming on the lowlands

-When the journey they betook,

-And the grass gave much aroma,

-By the laughing Soco brook;

-But the suns and moons oft waning

-Brought the moon of ripening corn

-To a nation, broken-hearted,

-With a doubting hope forlorn.

-

-Level lands brought no enchantment

-To a people who had known

-Naught but freedom till the present,

-Whose utopian dream had flown;

-Flown as flows the radiant river,

-Flown as flows the hopes of youth,

-From the red man of the forest.

-They were no more free, forsooth.

-

-By and by the Father Waters

-Came in view of brave and squaw,

-And the skiff and side-wheel steamer

-Were the shifting scenes they saw,

-Plying fast the Father Waters,

-With a current slow and still,

-And reverberating whistles

-Shrieked a medley loud and shrill.

-

-And the ferryboat was busy,

-Plying fast the liquid wave

-Of the Father Water's current,

-Bearing squaw and chief and brave,

-Till the last brave Indian warrior

-Crossed the Father Waters' tide,

-Crossed the gentle flowing river,

-With its current deep and wide.

-

-Then they rested from their journey,

-Rested for a little while,

-On the bluff above the river,

-Where they saw her laughing smile.

-They could see the sun at morning

-Rise up quickly from his rest,

-See him hasting to his zenith,

-Soon to go down in the west.

-

-Then the winter came on quickly,

-Killing corn and grass and cane,

-And the wind brought cloudy weather,

-With its snow and mist and rain,

-And the tribe within the barracks

-Were disheartened, one and all.

-And they longed now for their Lufty,

-With its cascade and its fall.

-

-But at last the genial sunshine

-Took away the ice that froze

-The corn of hope, from the tribesmen,

-And the chilly wind that blows,

-Along the valley, of the river,

-Over bog and prairie, too;

-And an order came with springtime,

-"You the journey must renew."

-

-Then they rose up in the morning,

-Rose before the dawn of day,

-Rolled and tied the tents together,

-And were quickly on their way,

-On their way to Oklahoma,

-Out across Missouri land,

-Chief and squaw and wary warrior,

-Marched the Cherokee brave band.

-

-To the western reservation,

-Where the bison and the owl,

-And the she-wolf, fox and serpent

-Writhe and roam and nightly prowl;

-This the country where they took them,

-This the country that they gave

-In exchange for their own country,

-To the chief and squaw and brave.

-

-Leaving all they loved behind them,

-Leaving all to them most dear,

-And they settled there so lonely,

-In a country dry and drear;

-There to pine away in sorrow,

-And repining, die of grief;

-From the solitude and silence

-Of this land there's no relief.

-

-

-

-

-

-II.

-

-Amid the hills of Carolina,

-Hills impregnant with rich bliss,

-With their grots and groves and fountains,

-Hills that love-beams love to kiss;

-Roamed the dark, but pretty maiden,

-Occoneechee, lovely child,

-Roamed she far out in the mountains,

-'Mid their solitude so wild.

-

-Dreamed she oft here, as she rambled,

-Of her warrior Whippoorwill,

-Of her lover, long her lover,

-Whom she first met near the rill,

-High upon the Smoky Mountains,

-Where the sunset's afterglow

-Holds the secrets of Dame Nature

-From the sons of men below.

-

-Occoneechee sought her lover,

-Down Oconaluftee's vale,

-Through the brush and tangled wildwood,

-Without compass, chart or trail,

-Where the river Tuckaseigee

-Dashes down its rocky bed,

-Near a trail long since deserted,

-Over which a tribe once sped.

-

-Then she wandered down the river,

-On and on, as on it flows,

-Wades the river, wades its branches,

-Follows it where'er it goes

-Through the laurel brush and ivy,

-Over spreading beds of fern,

-Over rock moss-covered ledges,

-Follows every winding turn,

-

-Till it flows into the river,

-Called the Little Tennessee,

-Here she lingers long and tarries,

-And she strains her eyes to see

-If her vision will reveal him,

-And abates her breath to hear

-The voice of Whippoorwill, her lover,

-One of all to her most dear.

-

-Yet no sound came to relieve her,

-And no vision came to please,

-And it never dawned upon her,

-Here among the virgin trees,

-That her lover was transported,

-With the brave and chief and child

-To the land of Oklahoma,

-Land so lonely, weird and wild.

-

-Up the stream she then ascended,

-Slowly, surely did she march,

-'Neath the spreading oak and hemlock,

-Resting oft beneath their arch.

-Walls of solid spar and granite

-Roared their heads up toward the blue,

-But no wall or hill or river

-Could impede the maiden true.

-

-She now reached the Nantahala,

-Picturesque in every way,

-And she rested 'neath the shadow

-Of the mountain tall and gray;

-High the mountain, clear the water,

-That comes rushing down the side

-Of the mountain from the forest

-With its unpolluted tide.

-

-Speckled beauties swam the water,

-Swam as only they can do;

-Deer in herds roamed all the forest,

-Only Cherokees were few.

-Eagles, swift upon their pinions,

-Soared aloft upon the air,

-They would turn their eyes to heaven,

-Then down on the maiden fair,

-

-As to guard her in her roaming,

-For she had no other guide,

-Save one squaw and constellation,

-And the racing river tide.

-Birds had ceased their long migration,

-Not a cloud disturbed the blue

-Of the canopy of heaven,

-And the country they passed through.

-

-Nightingale and thrush and robin

-Mated, sang and dwelt serene,

-In the forest, by the river,

-With its banks so fresh and green,

-And each spoke to Occoneechee,

-In the language Nature gives,

-Of the flora and the fauna,

-Where the child of Nature lives.

-

-Then she rambled through the mountains,

-To the summit, grand and high,

-Where Tusquittee's bald and forest

-Penetrates the cloudless sky.

-Unobstructed vision reaches

-'Cross the Valley River, wide,

-To the Hiawassee river,

-Flowing in its lordly pride.

-

-Here the panorama rises

-In its beauty grand and gay,

-As you linger on the summit,

-As you hesitating stay;

-Visions long out in the distance;

-Haunt you with enchanted smile,

-And the reverie of Nature

-Doth the wanderer beguile.

-

-Valleytown, the Indian village,

-And Aquone, the camping ground,

-Cheoas vale within the distance,

-Once where Cherokee were found,

-Came within the easy focus

-Of the trained observant eye

-Of the maiden on the mountain,

-Near the clearest vaulted sky.

-

-Occoneechee looked and wondered,

-Scanned the mountain, scanned the vale,

-And she lifted up her voice there,

-And began to weep and wail;

-For her lover, long departed,

-For her lover brave and true,

-And she wondered if he tarried

-In the reaches of her view.

-

-Still no sight or sound revealed him,

-Beauty smiled and smiled again,

-As she sighed and prayed to Nature,

-Yet her anxious thoughts were vain.

-For the valley and the mountain,

-And the river and the rill,

-Separated Occoneechee

-From her lover Whippoorwill.

-

-Then she to the Hiawassee,

-Wound the mountain-side and vale,

-And she made a boat of hemlock,

-And she left the mountain trail,

-And she launched the boat of hemlock

-On the Hiawassee tide,

-Launched the boat and went within it,

-Down the silver stream to glide.

-

-Down the river set with forest,

-Nottely joins the quickened pace

-Of the river and the maiden,

-In their onward rapid race,

-And she passes through the narrows,

-Through the narrows quick she flew,

-Through the spray and foaming current,

-With her long hemlock canoe.

-

-Faster sped the boat of hemlock,

-Past the mountains and the shoal,

-Past the inlet Conasauga,

-Where Okoee waters roll;

-Here she stopped to make inquiry

-Of a relegated brave.

-If he'd seen her wandering lover,

-In the forest, by the wave.

-

-Then she left the boat of hemlock,

-Roamed the forest far and wide,

-Crossed the mountain streams and fountains,

-With their cliff and foaming tide,

-Followed far Okoee river,

-Toccoa laves her weary feet,

-Ellijay and Coogawattee

-Do the pretty maiden greet.

-

-Not a word in all her wanderings

-Did she hear of Whippoorwill,

-Though she roamed through leagues of forest,

-And by many a rippling rill.

-Candy creek and Oostanula,

-Both were followed to their source,

-With their winding current flowing

-In their ever onward course.

-

-Where the brave had traveled with her,

-And had told her many tales

-Of the wars he'd been engaged in,

-And the windings of the trails,

-Over which the tribe had traveled

-In the years that long had flown,

-And the land now held by strangers,

-Which his tribe once called their own.

-

-And at evening in the autumn,

-When the leaves turn brown and red,

-And the hickory and the maple

-Gild with yellow as they shed,

-And the poplar and the chestnut,

-And the beech and chinquapin,

-Hide the squirrel and the pheasant

-From the sight of selfish men;

-

-Where the grapevine climbs the alder,

-Clings with tendril to the pine,

-And the air is sweetly laden

-With rich odors from the vine;

-And the walnut and the dogwood

-Furnish dainties rich and rare,

-For the chipmunk and the partridge,

-Which perchance do wander there.

-

-Where the otter slide is slickened,

-And the weasel and the mink

-Do come creeping down the river,

-There to bathe and fish and drink,

-And the red fox roams the forest,

-And defies the fleetest hound,

-And the panther in the forest

-Makes a hideous screaming sound.

-

-Here the brave would sit and tell them

-Tales and myths told oft before,

-Tales of war and of adventure,

-By great chiefs now known no more;

-And one night they heard the shrieking

-Of a wildcat near the stream,

-That awakened them from slumber

-And disturbed their peaceful dream;

-

-For a panther, fierce and fearless,

-Had come creeping down the side

-Of the cliffs far up the mountain,

-Near the Hiawassee tide,

-And they met down near the river,

-And they fought down near the stream,

-And they made the night grow hideous

-With their awful shrieks and scream.

-

-Then she took her boat of hemlock,

-And they launched it on the wave,

-And they sat upon its gunnels,

-Occoneechee squaw and brave,

-And they pushed out in the current,

-Where the waves were rolling high,

-And the boat sped through the rapids,

-Fast as flocks of pigeons fly.

-

-Pushed they down and ever onward

-Toward the placid Tennessee,

-To the island and the inlet

-Of the rolling Hiawassee.

-Here they camped o'er night and rested,

-Told they tales of long ago,

-With their memories and sorrows

-Breathed they out their care and woe.

-

-Then they floated down the river,

-On its smooth, unrippled tide.

-To the creek of Chicamauga,

-Where so many braves had died.

-And they tented near the river,

-Tied their boat up to the bank,

-Where John Ross had crossed the river,

-Where his ferryboat once sank.

-

-Wandered through the vale of dryness,

-Chattanooga's pretty flow,

-Clear as crystal, pure as sunbeams,

-Winding hither too and fro.

-Drank the waters, bathed they in it,

-Fished and hunted stream and plain,

-Where the buffalo once wandered,

-But where none now doth remain.

-

-Like a serpent that is crawling,

-Wriggling, writhing, resting not,

-Fleeing from a strange invader

-To some lone secluded spot,

-Winds and curves and turns forever,

-In its course that has no end,

-Swings to starboard and to larboard,

-Round the Moccasin's great bend.

-

-Flows the river on forever,

-By the nodding flowering tree,

-Shedding fragrance like a censer,

-Flows the pretty Tennessee;

-On her bosom's crest is carried

-Precious burdens, rich and rare,

-From the fertile fields about her,

-And the ozone-laden air.

-

-Occoneechee squaw and warrior

-Rode the silver-flowing tide,

-in the boat made out of hemlock,

-Which so long had been their pride;

-But the time now came for parting,

-As must come in every life,

-That is heir to human nature,

-With its toil and woe and strife.

-

-Here Sequatchie's fertile valley,

-They approached and must ascend,

-Like the cloud before the sunbeam,

-Driven by the fiercest wind;

-Then they hid the boat of hemlock,

-Sure and safe, then bade adieu,

-To the boat upon the river,

-Which had been their friend so true.

-

-Then they mounted little ponies,

-Fresh and sleek and fat and fast,

-And they sped along the valley,

-Like the birds upon the blast,

-Looking for the handsome warrior,

-Looking hither, glancing there,

-And quite often on the journey,

-They would stop to offer prayer;

-

-But the valley held the secret;

-Not a living man could wrest,

-From the valley rich and fertile,

-Secrets buried in its breast;

-Though the tribe had ceased to own it,

-Though the tribe had passed away,

-From the valley of Sequatchie,

-Like the fading of the day,

-

-Still the signs and many tokens

-Told a tale of war and strife,

-Where the whites had used the rifle,

-And the braves had used the knife,

-For the bleaching bones of warriors

-Were discovered everywhere,

-And the hideous sight brought sorrow,

-To this maiden now so fair,

-

-Birds were singing in the forest,

-Merrily and full of glee,

-And a symphony unrivaled

-Flooded forestland and lea;

-With the mellow tones from singers,

-Varied, versatile and sweet,

-Came from forest and from meadow,

-Came the attuned ear to greet.

-

-And when evening shade would settle,

-And the moon full rose to view,

-And the zephyrs filled the valley,

-And the flowers suffused with dew,

-Then the nightingale would lure them

-Or the mockingbird hold sway,

-From the advent of Orion,

-Till the dawning of the day.

-

-Stretching meadows lay before them,

-Rich with fragrance, rare with flowers,

-Variegated blending colors

-Lent a rapture to its bowers,

-That outstripped the fields elysian,

-Decked with Nature's rarest guise,

-Pleasure-house for wisest sages,

-Such as only fools despise.

-

-Such the scenes within the valley,

-As they joyous sped along,

-Filled with rapture, filled with pleasure,

-At the scenery and the song.

-Nature clapped her hands exultant,

-In the sylvan groves so green,

-Where the Goddess Proserpina

-Was enthroned majestic queen.

-

-Mighty warriors red with passion,

-Once had trod this virgin soil,

-And had rested in the valley,

-When o'ercome by heat and toil;

-Sportive maidens once delighted

-To engage in dance and song,

-With the warriors in the valley,

-With the chieftains brave and strong.

-

-But the mighty men and maidens

-Long since ceased this land to roam,

-Since the pale face armed with power,

-Killed the braves and burned the home,

-Took the land and burned the wigwam,

-Bound the chief and drove away,

-All the warriors, squaws and maidens,

-Toward the golden close of day.

-

-Happy children, wild with rapture,

-Laughed with ecstasy and glee,

-Once had filled the vale with echoes,

-And had sported lithe and free,

-All along the hill-locked valley,

-Played lacrosse and strung the bow,

-Ran the races, caught the squirrel,

-In the distant long ago.

-

-Sped they like the rolling torrent,

-Thru the Appalachian chain,

-With its towering peaks and gorges,

-'Mid its sunshine and its rain,

-Sped along the flowing Chuckey,

-With its reddened banks of clay,

-Were delighted by its beauty,

-Were enticed with it to stay;

-

-Saw the rushing, rolling waters

-Fall and foam and seeth below,

-Saw the cascade of Watauga

-Surging hither to and fro;

-Looked with tireless vision upward,

-Viewed from summits high and proud,

-Landscapes grander than Olympus,

-With their crags above the cloud.

-

-"Occoneechee," said the warrior,

-In a gentle tone, and mild,

-"I remember all this grandeur,

-Since I was a little child,

-I have traveled trail and mountain,

-Chased Showono, deer and bear,

-Crossed Kentucky in the chases,

-Seen the blue-grass state so fair.

-

-Once while hotly, I pursuing,

-Buck with antlers fierce and strong,

-Came upon a band of white men,

-With their rifles black and long,

-Came a flash of rifle powder,

-Quick as lightning came the sounds,

-From reverberating rifles,

-And the bark of baying hounds.

-

-They had slain the buck with antlers,

-And would be upon me soon,

-If discovered by their captain,

-By their captain, Daniel Boone;

-He the hunter, Indian hater,

-Chief and captain, pioneer,

-Known to every tribe and tribesman,

-To be destitute of fear.

-

-Quick I back into the forest,

-Without noise or slightest sound,

-Lest perchance I draw attention,

-From the hunter or his hound.

-'Twas a wilderness of wildness,

-Transylvania was its name,

-Home of coon and hare and turkey,

-And all sorts of kindred game.

-

-Once the noble chiefs and warriors

-Roamed Kentucky far and wide,

-Far along the broad Ohio,

-Strode the Indians by her tide;

-And they camped and roamed the forest,

-Dense and dark, supremely grand,

-Dominated vale and forest,

-Dominated all the land;

-

-Chased the scouting bands of warriors,

-Who would dare to camp and die,

-On the soil of old Kentucky,

-Where the meadow grass grew high;

-Hiding 'neath the waving grasses,

-Where the muskrat and the snake,

-And the hedge hog and the weasel,

-Lurked in shade of vine and brake.

-

-I was with good Junaluska,

-In the battles and the raids,

-Where the Creek and the Showano

-Lent each other all their aids,

-When upon the Tallapoosa

-River, at the Horseshoe bend,

-We joined hands with General Jackson,

-And by death we made an end,

-

-Of the Creeks and all their allies,

-Who assembled, one and all.

-To resist our mighty forces,

-They had built their mighty wall,

-Built it strong and reinforced it,

-Not a single spot was weak,

-For 'twas built by master workmen,

-By the tribesmen of the Creek.

-

-When the work was strong and finished,

-All the warriors came to dwell

-In the fortress, by the river,

-Came they tales of war to tell;

-Came a thousand of the warriors,

-With their weapons and their wives,

-Came and lodged within the fortress,

-Like the swarming bees in hives;

-

-Brought their children and their chattels,

-Brought they gun, and club and spear,

-For they thought once in the fortress,

-That they'd have no harm to fear,

-But the Cherokee and Jackson

-Brought out cannon great and small,

-And they raised the siege of Horseshoe,

-Throwing many a shell and ball;

-

-Into fortress, into village,

-Flew the missiles thick and fast,

-Like the rain, among the rigging,

-Of the sailor's spar and mast,

-Crushing, crashing stone of fortress,

-Making splinters of the wall,

-Of the fortress by the river,

-With the heavy cannon ball.

-

-But it fell not in the fury

-Of the battle's hottest fray,

-Stood the test like old Gibraltar,

-All the night and all the day,

-And the progress was so slowly,

-That the battle must be lost,

-To the Cherokee and Jackson,

-And so great would be the cost,

-

-If some means were not discovered,

-To dislodge the valiant Creek,

-Now entrenched within the fortress,

-Growing strong instead of weak.

-Junaluska said to Jackson,

-'Choose ye this day man or men,

-Who can breast the tide before you,

-Who will try to enter in;

-

-Who can swim the Tallapoosa,

-Who can stem the flowing tide,

-Who are noble, strong and fearless,

-And have God upon their side.

-If you have such men among you,

-Let them come forth one and all,

-Let them dare to do their duty,

-Let them dare to stand or fall.'

-

-Not one man of all the white men

-Could be found who dared to try

-To o'ercome the Tallapoosa,

-Or would risk his life to die.

-So your guide whom God has given,

-Volunteered to risk the wave,

-With your father, Junaluska,

-Volunteered, his tribe to save.

-

-Then we sought our God in silence,

-And became resigned to death,

-That lay out upon the current

-Of the river's silent breath.

-Under cover of the darkness,

-And the solitude of night,

-We betook the awful peril,

-With a tremor of delight.

-

-Silently we now descended

-To the deathlike river tide,

-Following a star's reflection,

-For a signboard and a guide;

-To point out the right direction,

-And to bring us into port,

-Where the canoes lay at anchor,

-Near the stolid silent fort.

-

-Quick we loosed them from their moorings

-Each man lashed beside his boat--

-Quite a dozen, swift as arrows,

-And we set them all afloat;

-Shot them straight across the river,

-Like a flash at lightning speed,

-Faster than the fleetest greyhound,

-Bounding like a blooded steed.

-

-When we reached the army's landing,

-Quick the boats were filled with men;

-Like a thunderbolt from heaven,

-Did the deadly work begin.

-Transports glided o'er the current,

-Like a shuttle to and fro,

-Moving Cherokee and white men,

-To confront a worthy foe.

-

-Scaled the ramparts of the fortress,

-Stormed the inner citadel,

-And we massacred the inmates!

-How? No human tongue can tell.

-Not a woman, child or human

-Made escape, but all were slain

-In the fort or in the river,

-Or upon the gory plain.

-

-When the massacre and slaughter

-Had abated, all the slain

-Numbered more than a thousand,

-In the fort or on the plain.

-Many floated in the river,

-Many died out in the woods,

-And were buried in the forest,

-By erosion or the floods.

-

-Sad and silent stood the fortress,

-All deserted and alone;

-Not a man or child or matron,

-Now was left to claim their own.

-All the warriors and the chieftains

-Died in conflict true and brave;

-None were left to tell the story,

-Or to mark some lonely grave.

-

-Cruel man! O God, forgive them!

-Pity such a cruel race.

-In their stead, O God of nations,

-Send some one to take their place,

-Who is humane, who is human,

-Who is honest, kind and true,

-Who when given strength and power,

-Destroys not, but spares a few.

-

-In the lore of ancient nations,

-In the tales of modern times,

-In the prose that now remaineth,

-Nor the poet's splendid rhymes,

-Is a story told more cruel

-Than the slaughter of the Creeks,

-By the Persians, Jews or Romans,

-Macedonians or Greeks;

-

-Where a nation, like a shadow,

-Vanished quickly and was not,

-Like a vapor in the valley

-Passes and is soon forgot.

-Passes like a fleeing phantom,

-Like a mist before the sun,

-Came and tarried for a moment,

-And forever was undone.

-

-Occoneechee, come and travel,

-To the distant mountains high,

-Where the summit of the mountains,

-Tower upward toward the sky.

-Delectable the splendid mountains,

-Rich in ferns forever green,

-And the galaxy of the mountains

-Are the rarest ever seen.

-

-Mortal eyes have never witnessed,

-Mortal tongue can never tell

-Of the grandeur and the beauty

-Of the ravine and the dell.

-Strange declivities confront you,

-Then a sudden upright wall

-Rises like a mystic figure,

-With a splendid waterfall.

-

-I will take you to the summit

-Of the mountains white with age,

-And will show you where the tempests

-Rush and roar with ceaseless rage,

-Where phenomena electric

-Makes mysterious display

-Of their power and their beauty

-In the distance far away;

-

-You can see the flash of lightning,

-And can hear the thunders roll,

-With reverberating echoes,

-That o'erwhelm your very soul,

-Make you sigh and shake and shudder,

-Make you tremble like a leaf,

-Make you crouch in soul and body,

-Like the life o'ercome with grief.

-

-Yet you stand and gaze in wonder,

-Watch the elements grown dark;

-Adoration turns to terror,

-At the least electric spark;

-Vivid flashes light the heavens,

-Keep them in perpetual glow,

-Like aurora borealis

-From beyond eternal snow.

-

-God eternal sends the sunshine,

-Melts the vapor, chains the cloud,

-Cages up the lightning flashes,

-Stops the peels of thunder loud.

-Changes discord into music,

-And the soul with it He thrills,

-From the music on the mountains,

-Made by leaping, laughing rills.

-

-Look! behold the ray that cometh,

-Fills the earth with hope again,

-Dissipates the clouds and vapor,

-With their shadows and their rain.

-See the sunburst full of glory,

-Shoot forth rays of gilt and gold,

-Sung by bards, portrayed by artists

-Yet its glory ne'er was told.

-

-Painters fail to give description,

-Fail on canvas to portray,

-Rising sun within the mountains,

-And the glorious dawn of day;

-Sages, bards and humble poets,

-All are pigmies in the eyes

-Of the one who stands and watches

-Sunshine from its sleep arise.

-

-Picturesque! O scenes eternal!

-From the dizzy, dizzy heights

-Of Grandfather, Rone and Linville,

-From which rivers take their flights.

-Yadkin, Broad and the Catawbas,

-Where the Indians used to roam,

-Are the habitation only

-Of the white man and his home.

-

-High upon the Linville mountains

-Creeps a silent silver stream,

-From the shadows of the forest,

-Like the splendor of a dream,

-Then it runs amid the boulders,

-Joins with many sparkling rills,

-That comes rushing from the forest,

-Of those high eternal hills,

-

-Till its speed becomes augmented,

-Till you hear the rushing sounds,

-Of the Linville river raging,

-As it leaps and falls and bounds,

-As it dashes through the granite,

-Falls into the natural pool,

-Built by nature in the chasm,

-With its water clear and cool.

-

-In the Blue Ridge range of mountains

-Stand a thousand spires and domes,

-Built of adamant eternal,

-From whose base the river roams,

-Like the maiden Occoneechee,

-Wanders out replete with tears,

-Into strange lands, unto strangers,

-Thru the lapse of passing years,

-

-Longing to be reunited,

-With her fiance forever,

-From his presence and his wooing,

-To be separated never.

-Thus the river and the maiden

-Rambled through the mountains wild,

-Seeking for a long lost lover,

-As a mother seeks her child.

-

-Climbs the black dome of the mountain,

-Richest pinnacle e'er seen;

-And the landscape lay before her,

-With its mounds and vales between.

-Lends enchantment grand and gorgeous,

-Gives a new lease unto life,

-And you soon forget you're living

-In a world of care and strife.

-

-Thus Mount Mitchell in the Blue Ridge,

-Zenith hill among the hills,

-Sends forth life anew forever,

-And a thousand rippling rills.

-In the distance the Savannah's

-Flows a stream of pure delight,

-Flows she on, and on forever,

-Never stopping day or night.

-

-For her mission is a true one,

-And the river ever true,

-Rolls along the grandest valley,

-That a river e'er rolled through;

-Peopled by a population

-Rich in soul and thought divine,

-From her source up in the mountains,

-Till her soul the sea entwines.

-

-Turning to the sun that's setting,

-Setting far beyond the rim,

-Of the horizon of vision,

-Where the eyes grow weak and dim,

-You behold the Swannanoa,

-Naiad, pure and fresh and sweet,

-Crystalline, and cool and limpid,

-Strays some other stream to greet.

-

-From the cliffside in the mountains

-Roll a thousand little streams,

-Laughing as they greet each other,

-Where the sunshine never beams;

-Rippling, idling, swirling slowly,

-Leaping down a waterfall,

-You can hear the drops of water,

-Sweetly to their compeers call.

-

-Down the valley glides the river,

-Murmuring a sad farewell,

-To the birds and bees and people,

-Who along its highway dwell;

-Wishing them a happy future,

-Wishing them prosperity,

-While it fills its many missions

-'Twixt the mountains and the sea.

-

-Bathing rocks, refreshing people,

-Casting up its silver spray,

-As it glides along the valley,

-Flows forever and for aye.

-Men may move their tents and chattels,

-Others die or go astray,

-Still the stream flows fresh forever,

-Never resting night or day.

-

-Giving life unto the flowers,

-Blooming on its verdant side,

-As it travels, as it journeys,

-As its ripples make their stride.

-In the gloaming of the twilight,

-When the birds had ceased to fly,

-And the dazzling dome of heaven

-Gave resplendence to the sky.

-

-Occoneechee, squaw and warrior,

-Watched the stream, as on it sped,

-Rippling o'er the pebbly bottom,

-Lying on its rocky bed;

-Grasses waving green around them,

-Nodding boughs bid them adieu,

-And it wafted them caresses,

-Like the sunbeams sparkling dew.

-

-Precious fragrance filled the valley,

-From the sweet shrub and the pine,

-Luscious fruits and ripening melons

-Lade the apple tree and vine.

-All along the pretty valley,

-Harvest fields and curing hay

-Make the white man rich and happy,

-Where the warriors used to stray.

-

-At the juncture of the river,

-Where the Indians used to dwell,

-Where they made their pots of red clay,

-Made them crude but made them well,

-Here they tented long and hunted,

-Fished the Tah-kee-os-tee stream,

-Strolled along the racing river,

-Where its rippling waters gleam.

-

-Moons passed on, and yet no greetings

-Came to cheer the wandering maid,

-Who so long had sought her lover,

-Till her hopes began to fade,

-And she felt that she must hasten,

-Quickly hasten thru the wild,

-By the rapid river racing,

-She the nature-loving child.

-

-Then they took their little ponies,

-Girt them with a roebuck hide,

-Seated on the nimble ponies,

-Started swiftly on the ride,

-On to Toxaway the river,

-On to Toxaway the lake,

-Where the leaf of vine and alder,

-Hide the muskrat and the snake.

-

-All along the racing river,

-Gorgeous forest trees are seen,

-And the wild deer in the forest

-Dwells beneath the coat of green.

-Here the beaver, hare and turkey

-Share their food and come to drink,

-In the splendid spreading forest,

-Near the Tah-kee-os-tee's brink.

-

-Here they fished and caught the rainbow,

-Caught the little mountain trout,

-In the lake and in the river,

-With their poles both crude and stout;

-Caught the squirrel and the pheasant,

-Chased the turkey, deer and bear,

-Caught a-plenty, all they needed,

-Yet they had not one to spare.

-

-In the sapphire land they lingered

-Many days and many nights,

-On the mountains, 'mid the laurel,

-Looking at the wondrous sights,

-That will greet you in the mountains,

-That you see in vales below,

-As you tread the paths untrodden,

-As you wander to and fro.

-

-In the forest land primeval

-Where the fountains form their heads,

-Lies the famous vale of flowers,

-Splendid valley of pink beds.

-Every tribe and every hunter

-Knows this lone secluded spot,

-From the other vales so famous;

-When once seen is ne'er forgot.

-

-In this vale of flowers and sunshine,

-Lies the Aidenn, most tranquil,

-Where the sore and heavy-laden,

-Gambol peacefully at will;

-Hear the trill of distant music,

-Played on Nature's vibrant chime,

-Resonant with sweetest concord

-All attuned to perfect time.

-

-Here the weary, heavy-laden

-Soul, may lose his load of care,

-And the body, sick and wounded,

-Find an answer to his prayer.

-Precious incense here arises,

-From the brasier of the vale

-That ascends the lofty mountains,

-By an unseen, trackless trail.

-

-Pisgah stands, the peer and rival

-Of Olympus, famed of old,

-Where the gods met in their councils,

-And their consultations held.

-Looking far across the valleys,

-They behold on either side,

-Rivers, vales and gushing fountains,

-Which forever shall abide.

-

-In the distance stands eternal,

-Junaluska's pretty mound,

-Which in beauty of the landscape

-Is the grandest ever found.

-Rushing streams of purest water,

-Giving off their silver spray,

-Add a beauty to the forest,

-In a new and novel way.

-

-And the balsam peaks of fir tree

-Looks like midnight in the day,

-Looks like shadows in the sunshine,

-In the fading far away.

-Dense and dark and much foreboding

-Apprehensions do declare,

-To the one who sleeps beneath them

-With its flood of balmy air.

-

-"Occoneechee, forest dweller,

-We have traveled many miles,

-Through the mountains, o'er the valleys,

-Where the face of Nature smiled;

-We have tasted of the fountains,

-Whence breaks forth the Keowee,

-Nymph of beauty, joy and pleasure,

-Once the home of Cherokee.

-

-We have rested near the water,

-Seen the fleck and shimmering flow,

-Of the waters kissed by Nature,

-Lovely river Tugaloo,

-Where the Cherokee once rambled,

-Spoiled 'mid the scenes so wild,

-Where the forest and the river

-Have the wood-gods oft beguiled.

-

-Wandered o'er the sapphire country,

-Land which doth the soul delight,

-With its mounds and vales and rivers;

-God ne'er made a holier site

-For the human race to dwell in,

-Where the human soul can rise,

-Higher in its aspirations

-Toward the rich Utopian skies"

-

-Here the lyrics sung by Nature,

-Played upon its strings of gold,

-Float out on the evening breezes,

-And its music ne'er grows old,

-To the soul and life and spirit,

-Which is bent and bowed with care.

-This the sweetest land Elysian,

-To the one who wanders there.

-

-Convolutions of the lilies,

-Tranquil bloom and curve and die,

-Near the river, 'neath the shadows

-Of the white pine, smooth and high.

-Sparkling, gleaming in the sunlight

-Bursts the water, pure and free,

-From the rocks high on the mountains,

-Once the home of Cherokee.

-

-Dancing, rippling, roaring, rushing,

-Comes Tallulah in its rage,

-Like an eagle bounding forward,

-From an exit in a cage.

-In the distance, you behold it

-Rise and babble, laugh and smile;

-Then amid the reeds and rushes,

-Turns and loiters for awhile.

-

-Then it curves among the eddies,

-Hastens on to meet the bend,

-In the meadows, like the fragrance

-Borne aloft upon the wind;

-Silently reflecting sunbeams

-To the distant verdant hill

-From its surface calm and placid,

-Smooth, untarnished little rill;

-

-Gleams and glides accelerated,

-As it gathers, as it grows,

-As the brook becomes a river,

-As it ever onward flows;

-Swirls and turns and dashes downward,

-Heaves and moans and dashes wild,

-For a chasm down the canyon,

-Like a lost, demented child;

-

-Furious, frantic, leaps and lashes

-Down into the great abyss,

-Falls and foams and seethes forever

-Where the rocks and river kiss.

-Tallulah Falls, the work and wonder

-Of the cycles and the age,

-Pours its deluge down the ravine,

-Unobstructed in its rage.

-

-Flying fowls of evil omen,

-Dare not stop it in its flight,

-Lest the river overwhelm them

-With its power of strength and might--

-Lest the river dash to pieces

-Bird or beast that would impede

-Such a torrent as confronts you

-With its force of fearful speed.

-

-Then it rushes fast and furious

-Into mist and fog and spray,

-Rises like the ghost of Banquo,

-Will not linger, stop nor stay.

-O'er the precipice it plunges,

-Bounds and surges down the steep,

-As it gushes forth forever,

-Toward the blue and boundless deep.

-

-In the Appalachian mountains

-Stands Satulah, high and proud,

-With its base upon the Blue Ridge,

-And its head above the cloud.

-From its top the panorama

-Rises grandly into view,

-And presents a thousand landscapes,

-Every one to Nature true.

-

-Round by round the mountains rise up,

-Round on round, and tier on tier,

-You behold them in their beauty,

-Through a vista, bright and clear.

-Like concentric circles floating,

-Ebbing on a crystal bay

-To the distance they're receding,

-Fading like declining day.

-

-Hardby stands the Whiteside Mountain,

-Like an athlete, strong and tall,

-Perpendicularly rising

-As a mighty granite wall;

-Towering o'er the Cashier's valley,

-Stretching calmly at its base,

-Like a bouquet of rich roses

-Beautifying Nature's vase.

-

-High above the other mountains,

-Whiteside stands in bold relief,

-With its court house and its cavern

-Refuge for the soul with grief;

-Like a monolith it rises

-To a grand majestic height,

-Till its crest becomes a mirror,

-To refract the rays of light.

-

-From its summit grand and gorgeous

-Like a splendid stereoscope,

-Comes a view yet undiscovered

-Full of awe, and life and hope.

-Smiling vales and nodding forests

-Greet you like a loving child,

-From the zenith of the mountain,

-Comes the landscape undefiled.

-

-Flying clouds pour forth their shadows,

-As the curious mystic maze

-Shrouds the mountains from the vision,

-With its dark and lowering haze.

-Fog so dense come stealing o'er you

-That you know not day from night,

-Till the rifting of the shadows

-Makes room for the golden light.

-

-In the Blue Ridge, near the headland

-In the Hamburg scenic mountains,

-Comes a silver flow of water

-From a score of dancing fountains,

-Tripping lightly, leaping gently,

-Slipping 'neath the underbrush

-Without noise it creepeth slowly

-Toward the place of onward rush.

-

-Floats along beneath the hemlock,

-Nods to swaying spruce and pine,

-Murmurs in its pebbly bottom

-Holds converse with tree and vine.

-Winds around the jutting ledges

-Of translucent spar and flint,

-With effulgence like the jasper

-With its glare and gleam and glint.

-

-Moving onward, moving ever,

-In its course o'er amber bed,

-While the bluejay and the robin

-Perch in tree top overhead;

-Perch and sing of joy and freedom,

-Fill the glen with pleasure's song,

-As the waters, fresh and sparkling,

-Rippling, gliding, pass along.

-

-Thus the Tuckaseigee river

-Rises far back in the dell,

-Where the dank marsh of the mountain

-Rise and fall, assuage and swell,

-Till its flow becomes augmented

-By a thousand little streams

-Coming from the rocky highlands

-Through their fissures and their seams.

-

-Fills the valley, passes quickly,

-Trips and falls a hundred feet,

-Swirls a moment, makes a struggle,

-Doth the same rash act repeat.

-Rushes, rages, fumes and surges,

-Dashes into mist and spray,

-Heaves and sighs, foments and lashes,

-As it turns to rush away;

-

-Roars and fills the earth and heaven

-With the pean of its rage,

-Plunges down deep in the gulches,

-Where the rocks are worn with age.

-Maddened by the sudden conflict,

-Starts anew to rend the wall

-That confines its turbid waters

-To the defile and the fall.

-

-Once again it leaps and rushes

-Toward the towering granite wall,

-And it bounds full many a fathom

-In its final furious fall.

-Much it moans and seethes and surges,

-Starts again at rapid speed,

-O'er the rocky pot-hole gushes

-Like a gaited blooded steed.

-

-Thus the Tuckaseigee river

-Falls into the great abyss

-Down the canyon, rough and rugged,

-Where the spar and granite kiss.

-Then it flows still fast and faster,

-With its flood both bright and clear,

-Through the cycles ripe with ages

-Month on month and year on year.

-

-Near the apex of the mountains,

-In the silence of the dale,

-Where no human foot has trodden

-Path or road or warrior's trail,

-From the tarn or seep there drippeth

-Crystal water bright and free,

-That becomes a nymph of beauty,

-Pretty vale of Cullowhee.

-

-In the spreading vale the townhouse,

-And the Indian village stood;

-In the alcove, well secluded,

-In the grove of walnut wood.

-Ancient chiefs held many councils,

-Sung the war-song, kept the dance,

-While the squaws and pretty maidens

-Vie each other in the prance.

-

-Cullowhee, thou stream and valley,

-Once the domicile and home,

-Of a people free and happy,

-Free from tribal fear and gloom,

-Where, O where, are thy great warriors--

-Where thy chiefs and warriors bold--

-Who once held in strict abeyance

-Those who plundered you of old?

-

-Gone forever are thy warriors,

-Gone thy chiefs and maidens fair,

-Vanished like the mist of summer,

-Gone! but none can tell us where.

-From their homes were hounded, driven,

-Like the timid hind or deer,

-Herded like the driven cattle,

-Forced from home by gun and spear.

-

-"Tell me, vale or rippling water,

-Tell me if ye can or will,

-If you've seen my long-lost lover

-Known as wandering Whippoorwill?"

-But the water, cool and placid,

-That comes from the mountain high

-Swirled a moment, then departing

-Made no answer or reply.

-

-Then the maiden's grief grew greater,

-As she lingered by the stream

-Watching for some sign or token

-Or some vision through a dream;

-But no dream made revelation,

-Only sorrow filled her years,

-And her eyes lost much of luster

-As her cheeks suffused with tears.

-

-Turning thence into the forest

-Over hill and brook and mound,

-To the Cullasaja river

-Through the forest land they wound;

-Through the tangled brush and ivy,

-Rough and rugged mountainside,

-Led the ponies through the forest,

-Far too steep for them to ride.

-

-They descended trails deserted,

-Where the chieftains used to go,

-Near the Cullasaja river,

-Near its rough uneven flow;

-Camped upon its bank at evening,

-Heard at night the roar and splash

-Of the voice of many waters

-Down the fearful cascade dash.

-

-Stood at sunrise where the shadow

-Of the cliffs cast darkening shade,

-Where the rainbows chase the rainbow

-Like as sorrows chased the maid.

-Traveled down the silver current,

-Rested often on the way,

-Strolled the banks and fished the current

-Of the crystal Ellijay.

-

-Pleasantly the winding current

-Eddies, swirls and loiters free

-Till it joins the radiant waters

-Of the little Tennessee;

-Where the mound stands in the meadow,

-Once the townhouse capped its crest,

-There the tribe was wont to gather,

-Council, plan and seek for rest.

-

-To the mound the tribe assembled,

-From the regions all around,

-Came from Cowee and Coweeta,

-Where the Cherokee abound;

-Came from Nantahala mountains,

-Skeenah and Cartoogechaye,

-Nickajack and sweet Iola,

-And from Choga far away.

-

-All the great men and the warriors

-Brought the women, and their wives,

-Came by hundreds without number,

-Like the swarms around the hives;

-But today there is no warrior,

-Not a maiden can be found,

-Tenting on the pretty meadow,

-Or upon Nik-wa-sa mound.

-

-In the Cowee spur of mountains,

-Stands the Bald and Sentinel,

-Of the valley and the river,

-Of the moorland and the dell.

-Like a pyramid it rises,

-Layer on layer and flight on flight

-Till its crest ascends the confines

-Of the grand imperial height.

-

-From its summit far receding,

-Contours of the mountains rise,

-Numerous as the constellations

-In the arched dome of the skies.

-Far away beyond the valley

-Double Top confronts the eye,

-Black Rock rises like a shadow

-On the blue ethereal sky.

-

-Jones' Knob makes its appearance,

-Highest, grandest height of all

-Penetrates the vault of heaven,

-None so picturesque or tall.

-Wayah, Burningtown and Wesser

-Raise their bald heads to the cloud

-High and haughty, rich in beauty

-And extremely vain and proud.

-

-Una and Yalaka mountains

-Stand so near up by the side

-Of the Cowee, that you'd take them

-For its consort or its bride.

-Festooned, wreathed and decorated

-With the honeysuckle bloom,

-And the lady-slipper blossom,

-There dispels the hour of gloom.

-

-Ginseng and the Indian turnip

-Grow up from their fallow beds

-In the dark coves of the mountains,

-With their beaded crimson heads.

-Fertile fields and stately meadows

-Stretch along the sylvan streams

-And surpass the fields Elysian,

-Seen in visionary dreams.

-

-From the summit of the Cowee

-In the season of the fall,

-Fog fills all the pretty valley

-Settles like the deathly pall,

-Coming from the rill and river,

-To the isothermal belt,

-Where the sunbeam meets the fog-line

-And the frost and ices melt.

-

-Jutting tops of verdant mountains

-Penetrate the fog below,

-As the islands in the ocean

-Form the archipelago.

-Sea of fog stands out before you,

-With its islands and its reef

-Silent and devoid of murmur

-As the quivering aspen leaf.

-

-"Occoneechee, look to Northland,

-See the Smoky Mountains rise,

-Like a shadow in the valley

-Or a cloud upon the skies.

-Many days since you beheld them

-In their grand, majestic height;

-Many days from these you've wandered

-From their fountains, pure and bright.

-

-"Hie thee to the Smoky Mountains,

-Tarry not upon the plain,

-Linger not upon the border

-Of the fields of golden grain.

-Flee thee as a kite or eagle,

-Not a moment stop or stay,

-Hasten to Oconaluftee,

-Be not long upon the way.

-

-"I have much to speak unto you

-E'er I take my final leave,

-Some will sadden, some will gladden,

-Some bring joy and some will grieve.

-All our legends, myths and stories

-Soon will fall into decay,

-And I must transmit them to you

-E'er I turn to go away.

-

-"Mount thee, mount thee quick this pony,

-Spryly spring upon its back,

-Leave no vestige, sign or token

-Or the semblance of a track,

-Whereby man may trace or trail thee,

-In the moorland or morass,

-By the radiant river flowing

-Or secluded mountain pass.

-

-"Grasp the reins, hold fast the girdle,

-Like flamingoes make your flight

-To the great dome of the mountain

-That now gleams within your sight.

-Clingman's Dome, the crowning glory

-Of the high erupted hills,

-They will shield you and protect you,

-With its cliffs and rolling rills."

-

-Sped they like the rolling current,

-Sped they like a gleam of light,

-Sped they as the flying phantom

-Or a swallow in its flight,

-To their refuge in the mountain,

-To the temple of the earth,

-Near the lonely spot secluded,

-That had known her from her birth.

-

-Standing, gazing, watching, peering,

-Through the azure atmosphere,

-At the wilderness before you

-And the scene both rich and clear.

-Cerulean the gorgeous mountains

-Rise and loom up in your sight,

-Like a splendid constellation

-On a crisp autumnal night.

-

-'Twixt the fall and winter season,

-Comes a tinge of milky haze,

-Stealing o'er the Smoky Mountains,

-Shutting out the solar rays,

-Flooding vales and filling valleys,

-Coming, creeping, crawling slow,

-Fills the firmament with shadows

-As with crystal flakes of snow.

-

-Through the haze and mist and shadows

-You discern a ball of fire,

-From the rim of Nature rising

-As a knighted funeral pyre;

-Yet it moveth slowly upward,

-Creeps aloft along the sky,

-As a billow on the ocean

-Meets the ship, then passes by.

-

-This you say is Indian summer,

-Tepid season of the year,

-When glad harvest songs ascendeth

-Full of hope and love and cheer.

-From Penobscot, down the Hudson,

-By the Susquehanna wild,

-Through the Shenandoah valley

-Roamed the forest-loving child.

-

-Roamed the Mohawk and the Huron,

-Seneca and Wyandot,

-Delaware and the Mohican,

-Long since perished and forgot.

-Powhattan and Tuscarora,

-And the wandering Showano,

-Creek and Seminole and Erie,

-Miami and Pamlico,

-

-Chicasaw and the Osages,

-Kickapoo and Illinois,

-Ottawas and Susquehannas,

-Objibwas and Iroquois,

-Once enjoyed the Indian summers,

-Once to all this land was heir,

-Sportive, free and lithe and happy,

-Chief and maid and matron fair.

-

-As the blossoms in the forest

-Bloom, then fall into decay,

-So the mighty tribes here mentioned,

-Flourished, so traditions say;

-Then the coming of the white man,

-Spread consternation far and wide;

-Then decay and desolation

-Conquered all their manly pride.

-

-Treaties made were quickly broken

-And their homes were burned with fire,

-Which provoked the mighty tribesmen

-And aroused their vengeful ire.

-Furious raids on hostile savage

-With the powder-horn and gun,

-Soon reduced the noble red man

-Slowly, surely, one by one,

-

-Till not one now roams the forest,

-None are left to tell the tale;

-All their guns and bows are broken,

-None now for them weep or wail.

-Only names of streams and mountains

-Keep the memory aglow,

-Of the noble, brave and fearless

-Red men of the long ago.

-

-Cherokee, the seed and offspring

-Residue of Iroquois,

-Silently are disappearing

-Without pageantry or noise.

-Though more civil and more learned

-And much wiser than the rest,

-They will be amalgamated,

-By the white man in the West.

-

-Occoneechee and the chieftain

-Talked of all that they had seen,

-Of the flow of pretty rivers

-And the matchless mountains green,

-Of the ferns and pretty flowers,

-Parterre of rarest hue,

-Tint of maroon, white and yellow,

-Saffron, lilac, red and blue.

-

-Held they converse of their travels,

-Of the wilderness sublime,

-Of the myths and happy legends

-Told through yielding years of time.

-Of the wars and tales forgotten,

-Of the chiefs and warriors brave

-Who long since have run their journey,

-Who now sleep within the grave.

-

-At those tales the maiden wept loud,

-Sought for solace thru a sigh,

-Much o'ercome by thoughts of loved ones,

-And she prayed that she might die

-High upon the Smoky Mountains,

-Where no human soul can trace

-The seclusions of the forest

-To her lonely burial place.

-

-Bitterly she wailed in sorrow,

-Saying "Tell me, tell me why

-I am left out here so lonely,

-And my tears are never dry?

-Why he comes not at my calling,

-Why he roams some lonely way,

-Why does he not come back to me--

-Why does he not come and stay?

-

-"Why and where now does he linger?

-Tell me, silver, crescent moon,

-Shall our parting be forever--

-Shall our hopes all blast at noon?

-When love's bright star shines the brightest

-Shall it be the sooner set?

-Shall we e'er be reunited,

-Tell me, while hope lingers yet!

-

-"Does he linger in the mountains,

-Far up toward the radiant sky?

-Tell me, blessed God of Nature,

-Tell me, blessed Nunnahi.

-Has some evil spirit seized him,

-Hid or carried him away

-Far beyond the gleaming sunset,

-Far out toward the close of day?

-

-"Will he come back with the morning,

-Borne upon its wings of light,

-From the shade that long has lingered,

-From the darkness of the night?

-Is there none to bring me answer?

-Speak, dear Nature, tell me where

-I may find my long lost lover,

-Is my final feeble prayer."

-

-Then the chieftain, grand and noble,

-Came and lingered by her side,

-Like a lover in devotion

-Lingers near a loving bride.

-Then in accents like a clarion,

-Sweet and clear, but gently said,

-"Whippoorwill, my friend, your lover,

-Comes again, he is not dead!

-

-"I will go and hunt your lover,

-And will bring him to your side;

-I will roam the forest ever,

-And will cease to be your guide;

-I will find the one you've looked for,

-And will tell him that you live;

-I will tell him of your rambles,

-And will all my future give,

-

-"Till I find him in the forest,

-Or upon the flowing brink

-Of the Coosa river flowing,

-Where he used to often drink.

-In the everglades may linger,

-'Neath the shade of some cool palm,

-Sweetest refuge of the lowlands,

-With its air of purest balm.

-

-"Where the Seminole in silence,

-Made their refuge, long ago,

-From the fierce onslaught of Jackson,

-And exterminating woe.

-He may listen in the silence

-And the solitude of night,

-For some friendly sign or token

-Whereby he may make his flight.

-

-"When I've found him we will travel,

-We will travel night and day,

-We will hasten on our journey,

-Will not linger nor delay,

-We will speed along the valley

-Like the wind before the rain,

-We will neither stop nor tarry,

-Never from our speed refrain.

-

-"We will rush along the river,

-Like the maddened swollen tide,

-Like a leaf upon the cyclone

-Rushing forward in its pride;

-Over winter's snow and ices

-We will rush with greatest speed,

-Like a herd of frightened cattle

-Or a trained Kentucky steed.

-

-"I will tell him of your travels

-Into lands he's never seen,

-With their forests and their flowers,

-And their leaves of living green;

-How for years you've looked and waited,

-Watched the trail and mountainside,

-Watched and hoped long for him coming,

-That you might become his bride.

-

-"I am John Ax, Stagu-Nahi!

-Much I love the mountains wild!

-Friend of those who love the forest,

-Friend of those who love you, child.

-I bespeak a special blessing

-To attend you while I go

-Into strange lands, unto strangers,

-Hither, thither, to and fro."

-

-Then he pressed her to his bosom,

-Breathed a silent, parting prayer

-To the Nunnahi in heaven,

-For the lovely maid so fair;

-Prayed and blessed her, then departed

-Thru primeval forests wild,

-Sped he by the rolling waters,

-Heard them laugh and saw them smile.

-

-Sped he by the Coosa river,

-Where great brakes of waving cane,

-Bend before the blowing breezes,

-Like the waves of wind and rain.

-Took the trails where once the chieftain

-Strode at will in lordly pride,

-By the Coosa river flowing

-In its smooth, unrippled tide.

-

-Downward, onward, free and easy,

-Swirls and turns and travels slow,

-As it glitters in the sunlight,

-As its waters onward go.

-Sees the trail almost extinguished

-By the pretty Etawa,

-Where once dwelt in great profusion,

-Chief and maid and tawny squaw.

-

-Traveled far the Tallapoosa

-Into fen and deep morass,

-Through the wildwood, glade and forest

-Dark defile and narrow pass;

-Footsore, lame and often hungry,

-Traveled onward day and night,

-Like the wild goose speeding forward

-In its semi-annual flight.

-

-O'er the glebes of Alabama,

-Crossed the hill and stream and dale,

-To the Tuskaloosa flowing

-Near the ancient Indian trail,

-Now deserted and forsaken

-Is the war path and the land,

-By the Creek and great Muscogas

-Wandering, wild, nomadic band.

-

-Pensive, lonely and dejected,

-Penetrated he the wild,

-Over fen and bog and prairie,

-Into climates soft and mild.

-By lagoon and lake and river,

-By the deep translucent bay,

-Followed he the sun's direction,

-Many a night and sunlit day.

-

-Crossed the Mississippi delta,

-Wound through many moor and fen,

-Saw the shining stars at midnight,

-And the dawn of days begin;

-Heard the tramp of bear and bison,

-Heard the wild wolf's dismal howl,

-Saw the glowworm in the rushes,

-Heard the whippoorwill and owl.

-

-Heard the alligator bellow,

-Saw him swim the broad bayou,

-Saw the egret, crane and heron,

-Wading stark and tree-cuckoo.

-Trackless miles spread out before him,

-Stretching leagues of gama grass

-Lay across the course he traveled,

-Lay out where he had to pass.

-

-Dangling mosses from the tree tops,

-Swung by swaying winds and breeze,

-Cling with tendrils to the branches,

-Of the mighty live oak trees.

-Soft as lichens, light as feathers

-Was the tall untrodden grass,

-On the prairie and the meadow,

-And the spreading rich morass.

-

-Tranquil, peacefully and quiet

-Did the moons and moments wane,

-Till he came to Oklahoma,

-Into his own tribe's domain;

-Here he rested for a season,

-Ate the food and drank for health

-In the land of Oklahoma,

-Land of perfect natural wealth.

-

-Oklahoma, red man's country,

-Blest above all other lands,

-In her natural soil and climate,

-In her ore-beds and her sands;

-In her fertile fields and valleys,

-In her people, true and great,

-Cherokee and Creek and Choctaws

-Make the people of the state.

-

-Here's a land transformed in beauty,

-Touched and tilled by busy toil,

-Responds quickly to the tiller,

-Products of a generous soil.

-Fruits and flowers forever growing,

-Fields of gold and snowy white,

-Songs of harvest home and plenty

-Sung to every one's delight.

-

-Here with labor, love and patience,

-There arose an empire great,

-Which when settled, tilled and treated,

-Has become a powerful state;

-Filled with people true and honest,

-Filled with people thrifty too,

-And the land is flat and fertile,

-Best that mortals ever knew.

-

-Once where roamed the bear and bison,

-Where the she wolf and the owl

-Made their home and habitation,

-And the foxes used to prowl;

-Where the serpent coiled and waited,

-Hid beneath the waving grass

-To inject his fangs and venom

-In some human as he'd pass,

-

-Now there thrives the busy city,

-Bristling with the throb and thrill

-Of the commerce of a nation,

-Growing greater, growing still.

-All her farms and fields and ranches,

-Groan beneath their heavy load

-Of waving grain and lowing cattle;

-All the land with wealth is strewed.

-

-Then he rose up like the morning,

-From his slumber and his rest,

-To converse there with the chieftains

-Among whom he'd been a guest.

-Then he spoke of Carolina

-Toward the rising of the sun,

-Full of hope and awe and splendor

-Where his early life begun.

-

-And he spoke of Occoneechee

-In the land of hills and streams,

-In the land of wooded forests,

-Land of love and fondest dreams;

-Land where myths and mirth commingle,

-Where aspiring peaks point high,

-To the dials of the morning

-In the sweet "Land of the sky."

-

-Spoke he also of a chieftain,

-Known to her as Whippoorwill,

-Who once dwelt within the forest,

-Near a pleasant little rill,

-In the dark fens of the mountains,

-Back where oak and birchen grove

-Cast their shadows o'er the valley

-O'er the cliffs and deepest cove.

-

-Where glad song of the nightingale

-Is the sweetest ever heard,

-And far exceeds in melody,

-The trill of the mocking-bird.

-From the matutinal dawning

-Till the falling shades of night

-The songster sings in mellow tones

-To the auditor's delight.

-

-Long in silence sat the chieftain,

-Long he listened quite intent,

-To the story of the stranger,

-Catching all he said and meant,

-Of the maiden of the mountains,

-Of the trees and songs of bird,

-And the story lingered with him,

-Every syllable and word.

-

-Then the chieftain made inquiry

-Of the stranger true and bold,

-Who now came to tarry with them,

-Who was growing gray and old,

-Of the health and habitation

-Of the Eastern tribal band

-Who still dwelt amid the Smokies

-In his own sweet native land;

-

-Where his heart felt first the wooing,

-Where his hope of youth ran high,

-'Mid the hills of Carolina

-In the sweet "Land of the sky."

-In the land of flowers and sunshine,

-Land of silver-flowing streams,

-Land of promise full of blessings

-And of legends, myths and dreams;

-

-Land of pretty maids and matrons,

-Home where generous hearts are true,

-Where the sunshine chases shadows

-Down the vaults of vaporous blue.

-Where the wild flight of the eagle

-Soars beyond the keenest eye,

-In recesses of the heavens,

-In the blue ethereal sky.

-

-Rifting rocks and rolling rivers

-Doth adorn the hill and vale,

-Lilting melodies float outward

-On the vortex of the gale;

-This the land of Occoneechee,

-Land that Junaluska saw,

-Home of warrior, chief and maiden,

-Land of dauntless brave and squaw.

-

-Let us go back to those mountains,

-Once more let us view those hills,

-And let me hear the voice once more

-Of the laughing streams and rills;

-And let me view with raptured eye

-The blossom of tree and vine,

-Once more inhale the sweet ozone,

-Under tulip tree and pine.

-

-Those hills, delectable mountains,

-Outrival the scenes of Greece,

-Surpass in beauty and grandeur

-The Eagle or Golden Fleece.

-Those shrines and temples of granite,

-Glad sentinels of the free!

-There let me roam through dell once more,

-Let me glad and happy be.

-

-Some speak of splendid balmy isles,

-Far out in the rolling sea,

-Of spicy groves, and vine-clad hills,

-And of things which are to be;

-Of nymphs and naiads of the past,

-Of lands of the brave and free,

-But none of these can e'er surpass

-The hills of Cherokee;

-

-The hills where roamed the dusky maid,

-And the home of Whippoorwill,

-Where Occoneechee dreamed at night,

-By the gushing stream and rill.

-By strange enchanted mystic lake

-Where the wildest beasts are seen,

-Far back in the deep recess

-Of the mountain's verdure green.

-

-"Let autumn's wind blow swift its gale,

-The season of summer flee,

-But I will soon my lover meet,

-In the 'land of the brave and free,'

-I'll leave Tahlequah in the West,

-With this warrior at my side.

-We'll travel as the fleetest winds

-Unless ill fates betide.

-

-"While the morrow's stars are glowing,

-In the dials of the morn,

-I will start upon the journey,

-To the land where I was born."

-So he gathered up his chattels,

-Springing spryly on his steed,

-Made inquiry of the warrior,

-"Which of us shall take the lead?"

-

-Then the warrior to the chieftain

-Quick replied, "I'll lead the way

-Far across the hill and valley,

-Mounted on this splendid bay."

-Then they said to friend and neighbor,

-Old-time chief and child and squaw,

-"At the dawning, we will leave you,

-Leave the town of Tahlequah;

-

-"Leave the tribe and reservation,

-For a journey to the East,

-Where the tribesmen dwell together,

-Meet serenely, drink and feast,

-In a land where peace and pleasure

-Vie each other in the pace,

-Where the hopes of life are brightest

-To the fallen human race."

-

-Just then came a gleam like lightning,

-Shooting forth its silver ray,

-Which precedes the golden splendor

-Of the fast approaching day.

-This the advent and the token

-For the brave to lead the way

-Out across the plain and valley

-Toward the coming king of day.

-

-Then they seized the spear and trident,

-Bow and tomahawk and knife,

-And they left the scenes of conflict,

-With its turmoil and its strife;

-And they journeyed ever eastward,

-Days and many a-waning moon,

-Crossing river, lake and prairie,

-Spreading field and broad lagoon.

-

-Saw the Wabash and Missouri,

-Cumberland and Tennessee,

-Saw the Holston in its beauty

-And the town of Chilhowee.

-Looked down on the Nolachucky,

-Saw Watauga's crystal flow

-Gleam from out the moon's reflection

-From the canyon's depths below.

-

-Neptune, who pervades the water,

-Ne'er beheld a holier sight

-Than this happy, hopeful chieftain

-Did that crisp autumnal night.

-While he looked upon the water

-Bright and pure and crystalline,

-Fairest land and purest water

-Mortal eye had ever seen;

-

-He beheld there in his vision

-Such a Naiad divine,

-That he put forth his endeavors,

-That he might the maid entwine;

-But she flew back like a phantom,

-Back into the crescent wave,

-From the presence of the chieftain

-And the relegated brave;

-

-Flew back from him and departed

-And was lost to human eye;

-All that now lay out before him

-Was the stream and earth and sky.

-Full of disappointing beauty,

-Was the earth and sky and stream,

-When divested of the grandeur

-Of the vision and the dream.

-

-Then he rambled through the mountains

-Over crag and rugged steep,

-Through the laurel bed and ivy

-By exertion did he creep;

-Through the hemlock and the balsam

-Under oak and birchen tree,

-Gazing through the heath before him

-If perchance that he might see

-

-In the dim, dark, hazel distance,

-Far out on the mountainside

-Occoneechee, pure and lovely,

-Whom he longed to make his bride;

-Make his bride and dwell there with her

-'Mid aspiring peak and dome;

-Longed to have her sit beside him,

-In his peaceful mountain home.

-

-Wandered through the Craggy mountains

-Where no human foot had trod,

-And no eye had yet beheld it,

-Save the eye of Nature's God.

-For the spreading tree and forest

-Grew from out the virgin soil,

-And was free from all intrusions

-Of the white man's skill and toil.

-

-Now their speed was much retarded,

-Trails once plain were now unkept,

-And the chief and brave lamenting

-Laid themselves down there and wept;

-Wept for chiefs like Uniguski,

-Sequoya and Utsala,

-In the land of Tuckaleechee

-And for friends like Wil-Usdi. [1]

-

-Turning from his grief and sorrow

-For the chiefs of long ago,

-Ceasing all his deep repining

-From the burden of his woe,

-Looking far o'er hill and valley

-He beheld the gilded dome

-Of the Smokies in the distance,

-Near old Junaluska's home.

-

-Then the chieftain's hope grew stronger,

-As he looked upon the scene

-Of that splendid mountain forest

-With its crest of evergreen;

-Like a black cloud in the winter,

-Spreads upon the mountainside,

-This the forest land primeval

-That stands there in lordly pride,

-

-This the forest land primeval,

-Where the chieftains used to roam,

-Joined in chase of bear and bison,

-Once the red deer's winter home.

-Black and deep and dense the forest,

-Steep and high the cliffside stands,

-Where the Cherokee once wandered

-In their wild nomadic bands.

-

-As they gazed upon the scenery,

-Weird and wild and full of awe,

-They were filled with consternation

-At the sight both of them saw.

-Passing high up near the zenith

-Like an eagle in its flight

-Came the sound of wings and voices,

-On that moonlit autumn night.

-

-Voices like the rolling thunder

-Came resounding far and near,

-And the meteoric flashes

-Filled them full of awe and fear;

-Till they trembled like the aspen

-'Mid the tempest fierce and wild,

-Till it passes, then reposes,

-Calmly as a little child.

-

-Said the brave then to the chieftain,

-"This my token to depart,

-I must quickly make my exit,

-Though it grieves my soul and heart

-Thus to leave you in the forest,

-Out upon the mountainside,

-Without hope or friend or shelter,

-With no one to be your guide;

-

-"These the Nunnahi in heaven,

-Come to lead me far away,

-Over hill and dale and valley,

-Toward the final close of day.

-You will miss me in the morning,

-Miss me at the noon and night,

-When I'm mounted on my pinions

-And am lost to human sight.

-

-"Yet a moment I'm allotted

-To transmit to you my will;

-High here on the Smoky Mountains

-Near the bright translucent rill,

-Let me tell you while life lingers

-In the archives of my breast,

-Where you'll find sweet Occoneechee

-When my soul has flown to rest:

-

-"She still lingers in the forest,

-Near the sweet enchanted lake,

-Near the spirit land she lingers,

-Underneath the tangled brake.

-She holds all our myths and legends,

-Tales as told long years ago.

-Now I bid you leave me lonely

-To my fate of weal or woe.

-

-"Leave me quick, the spirits call me,

-Linger not within my sight,

-Hie thee quickly through the shadows

-Of this crisp autumnal night.

-Tell our friend, sweet Occoneechee,

-That I've gone to join the band

-Of the braves who have departed

-For the happy hunting land."

-

-Then a shadow passed between them,

-Like a cloud upon the sky,

-And the chief was separated

-There upon the mountain high,

-From his guide and friend forever,

-So his eye could never see.

-Whence he traveled, none returneth

-To explain the mystery.

-

-Thus bereft of friend and neighbor,

-Whippoorwill began to wail,

-For some mystic hand to guide him

-Back into the trodden trail,

-Where some chief had gone before him

-In the years that long had flown,

-Out upon the mystic ages,

-Now forgotten and unknown.

-

-But no spirit, sign or token

-Came from out the vista fair,

-Nothing saw, nor nothing heard he,

-Save the earth and scenery fair.

-As he stood and gazed in silence,

-Motionless and calm as death,

-Stillness reigned on hill and valley

-And the chieftain held his breath,

-

-While he strained his ears and vision,

-Listening, looking here and there,

-Waiting, watching, simply trusting

-For an answer to his prayer.

-Suddenly he heard the calling

-Of a voice so sweet and clear,

-That he answered, quickly answered,

-Though his heart was filled with fear.

-

-And the voice from out the forest,

-Called as calls the mating bird,

-In the bower in the springtime,

-Sweetest call that e'er was heard,

-Resonant comes, softly trilling,

-Sweetly to its lingering mate,

-In the silence of the forest,

-As they for each other wait.

-

-Then the chieftain bounded forward,

-Like a hound upon the trail,

-Thru the forest land primeval

-Over mound and hill and dale;

-Over ridge and rock and river,

-Thru the heath and brush and grass,

-Thru the land of the Uktena,

-Thru it all he had to pass.

-

-Till he reached the mystic region,

-Far back in the darkest glen,

-Near the lake of the enchanted

-Only known to bravest men.

-Here the bear and owl and panther,

-Find a cure for every ill,

-Find life's sweetest panacea,

-Near the sparkling crystal rill,

-

-High upon the Smoky Mountains

-Resonant with Nature wild,

-For the wanderer from the distance,

-And the tawny Indian child.

-This the forest land primeval,

-Full of awe and dread and dreams,

-Full of ghouls and ghosts and goblins,

-Full of rippling crystal streams.

-

-From the stream down in the ravine,

-Came another gentle call,

-Like the chirping of the robin,

-In the hemlocks straight and tall.

-Once again the call repeated,

-Then a sudden little trill

-Floated out upon the breezes,

-From beside the crystal rill.

-

-Then the chieftain whistled keenly

-Like a hawk upon the wing,

-When it soars above the mountain,

-On the balmy air of spring.

-Then another chirping, chirping,

-Came from deep down in the vale,

-And it floated up the mountain

-Like a leaf upon the gale.

-

-Now the chieftain, moved by caution,

-Watched and moved with greatest care,

-Down and thru the deepest gulches,

-Looking here, observing there,

-For the bird or beast or human,

-That could send out such a call,

-From the laurel near the fountain

-And a splendid waterfall.

-

-Suddenly his heart beat faster,

-At the sight which came to view,

-Through the opening in the laurel

-As it parts to let him thru.

-She was bathing feet and ankles,

-Arms and hands she did refresh

-In the iridescent splendor,

-Of the fountain cool and fresh.

-

-Then he bounds forth quick to greet her,

-E'er she sees him by her side,

-She the maiden true and holy,

-Who was soon to be his bride.

-"O, I see you, Occoneechee!"

-"And I see you, Whippoorwill!"

-Were the greetings that they whispered

-As they met there near the rill.

-

-They were married in the morning,

-He the groom and she the bride,

-And they lived in bliss together,

-Many years before they died;

-Now their spirits dwell together,

-Near the hidden mystic shore,

-Of the lake back in the shadows

-Since their wanderings are o'er.

-

-And at night the legends tell us,

-You can hear a man and bride

-Hold converse of trail and travel,

-High upon the mountainside;

-And the soul of Occoneechee,

-Lingers near the rippling rill,

-High upon the Smoky Mountains,

-With her lover Whippoorwill.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-PART III

-

-MYTHS OF THE CHEROKEE

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTHS OF THE CHEROKEE

-

-    "I know not how the truth may be,

-    I tell the tale as 'twas told me."

-

-

-The myths related here are from the great story tellers like Ayunini,

-or "Swimmer," who was the greatest of all, but while he ranked

-first and lived during the time that tried men's hearts, having been

-born about 1835, and died in March, 1899, his stories can only be

-perpetuated by putting them in print, and we are indebted to him for

-many of these beautiful stories, which should be perpetuated at least

-so long as one of the Cherokee tribe shall live.

-

-Next in rank of importance comes Itagunahi, better known among the

-English-speaking people as John Axe, who was born in the year 1800,

-saw the battle of Horseshoe Bend, witnessed the removal of the Cherokee

-tribe in 1838. He knew its history and almost all of the myths, legends

-and stories, transmitted many of them to the white man for record, and

-while he never spoke English, he was a very versatile and interesting

-man of the old type of Indians, and strong to the last days; he lived

-to near 100 years, then passed to the Happy Hunting Grounds.

-

-To John D. Wofford, of the Western Reservation or tribe, we are

-indebted for much information, which would have been lost except for

-his wonderful knowledge.

-

-All the story-tellers prefaced their remarks by saying, "This is what

-the old folks used to tell us when we were boys."

-

-Cherokee myths may be classified as sacred myths, animal stories,

-local legends, and historical traditions. The sacred myths were not

-for every one, but only those might hear who observed the proper form

-and ceremony.

-

-In the old times the myth-keepers and priests were accustomed to

-meet together at night in the asi, or low-built log sleeping house,

-to recite the traditions and discuss their secret knowledge. At

-times those who desired instruction from an adept in the sacred

-lore of the tribe would meet the priest by appointment in the asi,

-where they sat up all night talking, with only the light of a small

-fire burning in the middle of the floor. At daybreak the whole party

-went down to the running stream, where the pupils or hearers of the

-myths stripped themselves and were scratched upon the naked skin with

-a bone tooth comb in the hands of the priest, after which they waded

-out, facing the rising sun, and dipped seven times under the water,

-while the priest recited prayers upon the bank. The purificatory rite,

-which was observed more than a century ago by Adair, is also a part of

-the ceremonial of the ball play, the green-corn dance, and, in fact,

-every important ritual performance. Before beginning one of the stories

-of the sacred class the informant would sometimes suggest jokingly

-that the author first submit to being scratched and, "Go to water."

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH ONE.

-

-HOW THE WORLD WAS MADE.

-

-

-The earth is a great island floating in a sea of water, and suspended

-at each of the four cardinal points by a cord hanging down from the

-sky vault, which is of solid rock. When the world grows old and worn

-out, the people will die and the cords will break, and let the earth

-sink down into the ocean, and all will be water again. The Indians

-are afraid of this.

-

-When all was water, the animals were above the Galunlati, beyond

-the arch; but it was very much crowded, and they were wanting more

-room. They wondered what was below the water, and at last Dayunisi,

-"Beaver's Grandchild," the little Water-beetle, offered to go and see

-if it could learn. It darted in every direction over the surface of

-the water, but could find no firm place to rest.

-

-Then it dived to the bottom and came up with some soft mud, which began

-to grow and spread in every direction until it became an island which

-we call the earth. It was afterwards fastened to the sky, but no one

-remembers who did it.

-

-At first the earth was flat, and very soft and wet. The animals

-were anxious to get down, and sent out different birds to see if it

-was yet dry, but they found no place to alight and came back again

-to Galunlati. At last it seemed to be time, and they sent out the

-Buzzard and told him to go and make ready for them.

-

-This was the Great Buzzard, the father of all the buzzards we see

-now. He flew all over the earth, low down, near the ground, and it was

-still soft. When he reached the Cherokee country, he was very tired,

-and his wings began to flap and strike the ground, and wherever they

-struck the earth there was a valley, and where they turned up again,

-there was a mountain. When the animals above saw this, they were

-afraid the whole earth would be mountains, so they called him back,

-but the Cherokee country remains full of mountains to this day.

-

-When the earth was dry and the animals came down, it was still dark,

-so they got the sun and set it in a track to go every day across the

-island from east to west, just overhead. It was too hot this way, and

-Tsiskagili, the Red Crawfish, had his shell scorched red, so that his

-meat was spoiled; and the Cherokee do not eat it. The conjurers put the

-sun another hand-breadth higher in the air, but it was still too hot.

-

-They raised it another time, and another, until it was seven

-hand-breadths high, and just under the sky arch. Then it was right,

-and they left it so. This is why the conjurers call the highest place

-"Gulkwagine Digalunlatiyun," "the seven height," because it is seven

-hand-breadths above the earth. Every day the sun goes along under this

-arch, and returns at night on the upper side to the starting place.

-

-There is another world under this, and it is like ours in

-everything--animals, plants, and people--save that the seasons are

-different. The streams that come down from the mountains are the

-trails by which the people reach the underworld, and the springs

-at their heads are the doorways by which they enter it, but to do

-this one must fast and go to water and have one of the underground

-people for a guide. We know that the seasons in the underground are

-different from ours, because the water in the springs is warmer in

-the winter and cooler in the summer than the outer air.

-

-When the animals and the plants were first made--we do not know

-by whom--they were told to watch and keep awake for seven nights,

-just as young men now fast and keep awake when they pray to their

-medicine. They tried to do this, and nearly all were awake through

-the first night, but the next night several dropped off to sleep,

-and the third night others were asleep, and then others, until, on

-the seventh night, of all the animals, only the owl, the panther and

-one or two more were still awake.

-

-To these were given the power to see and to go about in the dark, and

-to make prey of the birds and animals which must sleep at night. Of the

-trees, only the cedar, the pine, the spruce, the holly and the laurel

-were awake to the end, and to them it was given to be always green and

-to be greatest for medicine, but to the others it was said: "Because

-you have not endured to the end you shall lose your hair every winter."

-

-Men came after the animals and plants. At first there were only a

-brother and sister until he struck her with a fish and told her to

-multiply, and so it was. In seven days a child was born to her, and

-thereafter every seven days another, and they increased very fast

-until there was danger that the world could not keep them. Then it

-was made that a woman should have only one child in a year, and it

-has been so ever since.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH TWO.

-

-THE FIRST FIRE.

-

-

-In the beginning there was no fire, and the world was cold, until the

-Thunders (Ani-Hyuntikwalaski) who lived up in Galunlati, sent their

-lightning and put fire into the bottom of a hollow sycamore tree,

-which grew on an island. The animals knew it was there, because they

-could see the smoke coming out at the top, but they could not get to

-it on account of the water, so they held a council to decide what to

-do. This was a long time ago.

-

-Every animal that could fly or swim was anxious to go after the

-fire. The Raven offered, and because he was so large and strong they

-thought he could surely do the work, so he was sent first. He flew

-high and far across the water and alighted on the sycamore tree, but

-while he was wondering what to do next, the heat had scorched all his

-feathers black, and he was frightened and came back without the fire.

-

-The little Screech-owl (Wahuhu) volunteered to go, and reached the

-place safely, but while he was looking down in the hollow tree a

-blast of hot air came up and nearly burned out his eyes. He managed

-to fly home as best he could, but it was a long time before he could

-see well, and his eyes are red to this day.

-

-Then the Hooting Owl (Uguku) and the Horned Owl (Tskili) went, but by

-the time they got to the hollow tree the fire was burning so fiercely

-that the smoke nearly blinded them, and the ashes carried up by the

-wind made white rings about their eyes. They had to come home again

-without the fire, but with all of their rubbing they were never able

-to get rid of the white rings.

-

-Now, no more of the birds would venture, and so the little Uksuhi

-snake, the Black Racer, said he would go through the water and bring

-back some fire. He swam across to the island and crawled through the

-grass to the tree, and went in by a small hole at the bottom. The

-heat and smoke were too much for him, too, and after dodging about

-blindly over the hot ashes until he was almost on fire himself he

-managed by good luck to get out again at the same hole, but his body

-had scorched black, and he has ever since had the habit of darting

-and doubling on his track as if trying to escape from close quarters.

-

-He came back, and the great Blacksnake, Gulegi, "The Climber,"

-offered to go for the fire. He swam over to the island and climbed

-up the tree on the outside, as the blacksnake always does, but when

-he put his head down into the hole the smoke choked him so that he

-fell into the burning stump, and before he could climb out again he

-was as black as the Uksuhi.

-

-Now, they held another council, for still there was no fire, and

-the world was cold, but the birds, snakes and four-footed animals

-all had some excuse for not going, because they were all afraid to

-venture near the burning sycamore, until at last Kananeski Amaiyehi

-(the Water Spider) said she would go. This is not the water spider

-that looks like a mosquito, but the other one, with black downy hair

-and red stripes on her body. She can run on the water or dive to

-the bottom, so there would be no trouble to get over to the island,

-but the question was, how could she bring back the fire?

-

-"I'll manage that," said the spider, so she spun a thread from her body

-and wove it into a tusti bowl, which she fastened on her back. Then

-she crossed over to the island and through the grass to where the

-fire was still burning. She put one little coal of fire into her bowl,

-and came back with it, and ever since we have had fire, and the spider

-still keeps her tusti bowl.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH THREE.

-

-ORIGIN OF THE PLEIADES AND THE PINE.

-

-

-Long ago, when the world was new, there were seven boys who used to

-spend all their time down by the town-house, playing the gatayusti

-game, rolling a stone wheel along the ground and sliding a curved

-stick after it to strike it. Their mothers scolded but it did no good,

-so one day they collected some gatayusti stones and boiled them in

-the pot with the corn for dinner.

-

-When the boys came home hungry their mothers dipped out the stones

-and said, "Since you like the gatayusti better than the cornfield,

-take the stones now for your dinner."

-

-The boys were very angry, and went down to the town-house, saying,

-"As our mothers treat us this way, let us go where we shall never

-trouble them any more." They began a dance--some say it was the

-feather dance--and went round and round the town-house, praying to

-the spirits to help them. At last their mothers were afraid something

-was wrong and went out to look for them.

-

-They saw the boys still dancing around the town-house, and as they

-watched they noticed that their feet were off the earth, and that

-with every round they rose higher and higher in the air.

-

-They ran to get their children, but it was too late, for they were

-already above the roof of the town-house--all but one, whose mother

-managed to pull him down with the gatayusti pole, but he struck the

-ground with such force that he sank into it and the earth closed

-over him. The other six children circled higher and higher until they

-went up to the sky, where we see them now as the pleiades, which the

-Cherokee still calls "Anitsutsa" (the Boys).

-

-The people grieved long after them, but the mother whose boy had gone

-into the ground came every morning and evening to cry over the spot,

-until the earth was damp with her tears.

-

-At last a little green shoot sprouted up and grew day by day until

-it became the tall tree that we now call the pine, and the pine is

-still of the same nature as the stars and holds in itself the same

-bright light.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH FOUR.

-

-THE MILKY WAY.

-

-

-Some people in the South had a corn mill, in which they pounded the

-corn into meal, and several mornings when they came to fill it they

-noticed that some of the meal had been stolen during the night.

-

-They examined the ground, and found the tracks of a dog; so the next

-night they watched, and when the dog came from the North, and began to

-eat the meal out of the bowl, they sprang out and whipped him. He ran

-off howling to his home in the North, with the meal dropping from his

-mouth as he ran, and leaving behind a white trail where now we see the

-Milky Way, which the Cherokee calls to this day Gili-utsunstanunyi,

-"Where the dog ran."

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH FIVE.

-

-THE DELUGE.

-

-

-A long time ago a man had a dog, which began to go down to the

-river every day and look at the water and howl. At last the man was

-very angry and scolded the dog, which then spoke to him and said:

-"Very soon there is going to be a great freshet and the water will

-come so high that everybody will be drowned; but if you will make

-a raft to get upon when the rain comes, you can be saved, but you

-must first throw me into the water." The man did not believe it,

-and the dog said, "If you want a sign that I speak the truth, look

-at the back of my neck." He looked and saw that the dog's neck had

-the skin worked off so that the bones stuck out.

-

-Then he believed the dog, and began to build a raft. Soon the rain

-came and he took his family, with plenty of provisions, and they

-all got upon it. It rained for a long time, and the water rose

-until the mountains were covered and all the people in the world

-were drowned. Then the rain stopped and the water went down again,

-until at last it was safe to come off the raft.

-

-Now, there was no one alive but the man and his family, but one day

-they heard a sound of dancing and shouting on the other side of the

-ridge. The man climbed to the top and looked over; everything was

-still, but all along the valley he saw great piles of bones of the

-people who had been drowned, and then he knew that the Ghosts had

-been dancing.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH SIX.

-

-HOW THE TERRAPIN BEAT THE RABBIT.

-

-

-The Rabbit was a great runner and a great boaster of what she could

-do. No one thought that a Terrapin was anything but a slow traveler,

-but he was a great warrior and very boastful, and the two were always

-disputing about their speed. At last they agreed to decide the matter

-by a race.

-

-They fixed the day and the starting place, and arranged to run across

-four mountain ridges, and the one who came in first at the end of

-the race was to be the winner.

-

-The Rabbit felt so sure of it that he said to the Terrapin, "You know

-you can't run. You know you can never win the race, so I'll give you

-the first ridge and then you'll have three to cross while I go over

-four." The Terrapin said that would be all right, but that night when

-he went home to his family he sent for his Terrapin friends and told

-them he wanted their help. He said he knew he could not outrun the

-Rabbit, but he wanted to stop the Rabbit's boasting. He explained his

-plan to his friends and they agreed to help him. When the day came all

-the animals were there to see the race. The Rabbit was there with them,

-but the Terrapin was gone ahead toward the first ridge, as they had

-arranged, and they could hardly see him on account of the tall grass.

-

-The word was given and the Rabbit ran off with long jumps up the

-mountain, expecting to win the race before the Terrapin could get

-down on the other side. But before he got up the mountain he saw

-the Terrapin go over the ridge ahead of him. He ran on, and when he

-reached the top he looked all around, but could not see the Terrapin

-on account of the long grass. He kept on down the mountain and began

-to climb the second ridge, but when he looked up again there was the

-Terrapin just going over the top.

-

-Now he was very much surprised, and made his longest jumps to catch

-up, but when he got to the top there was the Terrapin away in front

-going over the third ridge. The Rabbit was getting tired now and

-nearly out of breath, but he kept on down the mountain and up the

-other ridge until he got to the top just in time to see the Terrapin

-cross the fourth ridge and thus win the race. The Rabbit could not make

-another jump, but fell over on the ground, crying, "mi, mi, mi, mi,"

-as the Rabbit does ever since when he is too tired to run any more.

-

-The race was given to the Terrapin, and all the animals wondered how

-he could win against the Rabbit, but he kept still and never told. It

-was easy enough, however, because all the Terrapin's friends look

-just alike, and he had simply posted one near the top of each ridge

-to wait until the Rabbit came in sight and then climb over and hide

-in the long grass.

-

-When the Rabbit came on he could not find the Terrapin and so thought

-the Terrapin was ahead, and if he had met one of the other Terrapins

-he would have thought it the same one, because they look so much

-alike. The real Terrapin had posted himself on the fourth ridge, so

-as to come in at the end of the race and be ready to answer questions

-if the animals suspected anything.

-

-Because the Rabbit had to lie down and lose the race the conjurer

-now, when preparing his young men for the ball play, boils a lot of

-rabbit hamstrings into soup, and sends some one to pour it across

-the path along which the other players have to come in the morning,

-so that they may become tired in the same way and lose the game. It

-is not always easy to do this, because the other party is expecting

-it and has watchers ahead to prevent it.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH SEVEN.

-

-THE RABBIT AND THE TAR WOLF.

-

-

-Once there was such a long spell of dry weather that there was no more

-water in the creeks and springs, and the animals held a council to

-see what to do about it. They decided to dig a well, and all agreed to

-help except the Rabbit, who was a lazy fellow, and said, "I don't need

-to dig for water. The dew on the grass is enough for me." The others

-did not like this, but they went to work together and dug the well.

-

-They noticed by and by that the Rabbit kept sleek and lively,

-although it was still dry weather and the water was getting low in

-the well. They said, "That tricky Rabbit steals our water at night,"

-so they made a wolf of pine gum and tar and set it up by the well to

-scare the thief. That night the Rabbit came, as he had been coming

-every night, to drink enough to last him all next day. He saw the

-queer black thing by the well and said, "Who's there?" but the tar

-wolf said nothing.

-

-He came nearer, but the wolf never moved, so he grew braver and said,

-"Get out of my way or I will kick you." Still the wolf never moved

-and the Rabbit came up and struck it with its front foot, but the

-tar held it fast. Now he was angry and said: "Turn my foot loose,

-or I will strike you with my other front foot"; still the wolf said

-nothing. Then the Rabbit struck the wolf with his other foot, and it

-stuck, and the Rabbit said, "Turn my foot loose or I will kick you,"

-and still the wolf was silent, and then the rabbit kicked with his

-right hind foot so hard that it stuck, and still the wolf said nothing;

-and the Rabbit said, "If you don't turn my foot loose, I will kick

-you with my left hind foot, which never fails to accomplish what I

-want it to do"; yet the wolf was silent, and the Rabbit made his last

-kick and the foot stuck, just as the others had done.

-

-The Rabbit plead with the wolf to let him go, and yet no response came,

-and, at last, when he found he was stuck fast with his feet, he said:

-"If you don't turn me loose I will butt you with all my might," and

-in his desperation, he struck with all his force, and his head stuck

-fast to the wolf.

-

-In the morning all the animals came down to the well to drink

-as usual, and found the Rabbit stuck fast to the wolf of tar,

-and they began to discuss what disposition to make of him, so one

-suggested that they cut his head off, to which the Rabbit replied,

-"Please do cut my head off, for it is such an easy death to die,"

-but this aroused the suspicion of the animals, so that the fox said,

-"No, we will not do this for he deserves a harsher death than this,"

-whereupon they all agreed. Then the Wolf suggested that they burn him

-alive, to which the Rabbit said, "Please Mr. Wolf, have me burned,

-for that will be so easy," but this did not please the audience, and

-another suggested that they take him to the briar patch, and throw him

-into the thickest part of the sharp briars to scratch him to pieces,

-to which the Rabbit said, "Oh, Mr. Fox, please do not allow me to be

-thrown into the briars for they stick and scratch me so much that I

-could never stand the pain"; and they all with one accord exclaimed,

-"Throw him in," and they threw him into the briars, and the Rabbit

-sped away as fast as he could, saying, "This is where I was reared,

-this is my home, and this is all that I could desire."

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH EIGHT.

-

-THE RABBIT AND THE POSSUM AFTER A WIFE.

-

-

-The Rabbit and the Possum each wanted a wife, but no one would marry

-either of them. They talked the matter over and the Rabbit said,

-"We can't get wives here; let's go to the next settlement. I'm the

-messenger for the council, and I'll tell the people that I bring an

-order that everybody must take a mate at once, and then we'll be sure

-to get wives."

-

-The Possum thought this a fine plan, so they started off together

-to the next town. As the Rabbit traveled faster he got there first

-and waited outside until the people noticed him and took him into the

-town-house. When the chief came to ask him his business the Rabbit said

-he brought an important message from the council that everybody must

-get married without delay. So the chief called the people together

-and told them the message from the council, whereupon every animal

-took a mate at once, and the Rabbit got a wife.

-

-The Possum traveled so slowly that he got there after all the animals

-had mated, leaving him still without a wife.

-

-The Rabbit pretended to feel sorry for him and said, "Never mind, I'll

-carry the message to the people in the next settlement, and you hurry

-on as fast as you can, and this time you will get your wife." So he

-went on to the next town, and the Possum followed close after him. But

-when the Rabbit got to the town-house, he sent out the word that, as

-there had been peace so long there that everybody was getting lazy,

-the council had ordered that there must be war at once, and they must

-begin right in the town-house. So they all began fighting, but the

-Rabbit made four great leaps and got away just as the Possum came

-in. Everybody jumped on the Possum, who had not thought of bringing

-his weapons on a wedding trip, and so could not defend himself. They

-had nearly beaten the life out of him when he fell over and pretended

-to be dead until he saw a good chance to jump up and get away. The

-Possum never got a wife, but he remembers the lesson, and ever since

-he shuts his eyes and pretends to be dead when the hunter has him in

-a close place.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH NINE.

-

-HOW THE TURKEY GOT HIS BEARD.

-

-

-When the Terrapin won the race from the Rabbit (see Myth Six) all

-the animals wondered and talked about it a great deal, because they

-had always thought the Terrapin slow, although they knew that he was

-a warrior and had many conjuring secrets besides.

-

-But the Turkey was not satisfied, and told the others that there must

-be some trick about it. Said he, "I know the Terrapin can't run--he

-can hardly crawl--and I'm going to try him."

-

-So one day the Turkey met the Terrapin coming home from war with

-a fresh scalp hanging from his neck and dragging on the ground as

-he traveled. The Turkey laughed at the sight and said: "That scalp

-don't look right on you. Your neck is too short and low down to wear

-it that way. Let me show you."

-

-The Terrapin agreed and gave the scalp to the Turkey, who fastened

-it around his neck. "Now," said the Turkey, "I'll walk a little way

-and you can see how it looks." So he walked ahead a short distance and

-then turned and asked the Terrapin how he liked it. Said the Terrapin,

-"It looks very nice; it becomes you."

-

-"Now, I'll fix it in a different way and let you see how it looks,"

-said the Turkey. So he gave the string another pull and walked ahead

-again. "Oh, that looks very nice," said the Terrapin. But the Turkey

-kept on walking, and the Terrapin called to him to bring back the

-scalp, but he only walked the faster and broke into a run.

-

-Then the Terrapin got out his bow and by his conjuring art shot a

-number of cane splits into the Turkey's legs, to cripple him so he

-could not run, which accounts for all the many bones in the Turkey's

-legs, that are of no use whatever; but the Terrapin never caught the

-Turkey, who still wears the scalp from his neck.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH TEN.

-

-WHY THE TURKEY GOBBLES.

-

-

-A long time ago the Grouse had a fine voice and a good halloo in

-the ball play. All the animals and birds used to play ball in those

-days and were just as proud of a loud halloo as the ball players of

-today. The Turkey had a poor voice, so he asked the Grouse to give

-him lessons. The Grouse agreed to teach him, but wanted pay for

-his trouble, and the Turkey promised to give him some feathers to

-make him a collar. This is how the Grouse got his collar of turkey

-feathers. They began the lessons, and the Turkey learned very fast

-until the Grouse thought it was time for the Turkey to try his

-voice. "Now," said the Grouse, "I'll stand on this hollow log, and

-when I give the signal by tapping on it, you must halloo as loudly as

-you can." So he got upon the log ready to tap on it, as a Grouse does,

-but when he gave the signal the Turkey was so eager and excited that

-he could not raise his voice for a shout, but only gobbled, and ever

-since then he gobbles whenever he hears a noise.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH ELEVEN.

-

-HOW THE KINGFISHER GOT HIS BILL.

-

-

-Some old men tell us that the Kingfisher was meant in the beginning

-to be a water bird, but as he had not been given either web feet or

-a good bill he could not make a living.

-

-The animals held a council over it and decided to make him a bill

-like a long sharp awl for a fish-gig or spear.

-

-They made him a fish-gig and fastened it on in front of his mouth. Me

-flew to the top of a tree, sailed out and darted down into the water,

-and came up with a fish on his gig; and he has been the best gigger

-ever since.

-

-Others say it was this way: A Blacksnake found a yellow-hammer's nest

-in a hollow tree, and after swallowing the young birds, coiled up in

-the nest to sleep, and when the mother bird found him there, she went

-for help to the Little People, who sent her to the Kingfisher. He

-came, and after flying back and forth past the hole a few times,

-made one dart at the snake and pulled him out dead.

-

-When they looked they found a hole in the snake's head where the

-Kingfisher had pierced it with a slender tugaluna fish, which he

-carried in his bill like a lance. From this the Little People concluded

-that he would make a first-class gigger if he only had the right spear,

-so they gave him his long bill as a reward, and he has ever since been

-known among all the fowls and animals as the best fisherman among them.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH TWELVE.

-

-HOW THE PARTRIDGE GOT HIS WHISTLE.

-

-

-In the old days, when the world was new, the Terrapin had a fine

-whistle, but the Partridge had none. The Terrapin was constantly

-going about whistling and showing his whistle to the other animals,

-until the Partridge became jealous, so one day when they met, the

-Partridge asked leave of the Terrapin to try the whistle.

-

-The Terrapin was afraid to risk it at first, suspecting some trick,

-but the Partridge said, "I'll give it back right away, and if you are

-afraid you can stay with me while I practice." So the Terrapin let

-him have the whistle and the Partridge walked around blowing on it in

-fine fashion. "How does it sound with me?" asked the Partridge. "O,

-you do very well," said the Terrapin, walking alongside. "Now, how do

-you like it," said the Partridge, running ahead and whistling a little

-faster. "That's fine," answered the Terrapin, hurrying to keep up,

-"but don't run so fast." "And now how do you like this?" called the

-Partridge, and with that he spread his wings, gave one long whistle,

-and flew to the top of a tree, leaving the poor Terrapin to look

-after him from the ground.

-

-The Terrapin never recovered his whistle, and from that and the loss

-of his scalp, which was stolen from him by the Turkey, he grew ashamed

-to be seen, and ever since then he shuts himself up in his box when

-anyone comes near him.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH THIRTEEN.

-

-HOW THE RED BIRD GOT HIS COLOR.

-

-

-A Raccoon passing a Wolf one day made several insulting remarks,

-until at last the Wolf became angry and turned and chased him. The

-Raccoon ran his best, and managed to reach a tree by the river side

-before the Wolf came up. He climbed the tree and stretched out on

-a limb overhanging the water. When the Wolf arrived, he saw the

-reflection in the water, and, thinking it was the Raccoon, jumped

-at it and was nearly drowned before he could scramble out again,

-all wet and dripping. He lay down on the bank to dry and fell asleep,

-and while he was sleeping the Raccoon came down the tree and got some

-blue-pipe clay and plastered his eyes so that he could not open them

-and he began to howl and make a whining noise.

-

-A little brown bird came along and hearing the Wolf crying, asked

-what was the matter. The Wolf told his story and said: "If you will

-get my eyes open, I will show you where to get some nice red paint

-to paint yourself." "All right," said the brown bird; so he began to

-peck at the mud and soon got his eyes open. Then the Wolf took him

-to a rock that had streaks of bright red paint running through it,

-and the little bird painted himself with it, and has ever since been

-known as the Red-bird.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH FOURTEEN.

-

-THE PHEASANT BEATING CORN, THE ORIGIN OF THE PHEASANT DANCE.

-

-

-The Pheasant once saw a woman beating corn in a wooden mortar in front

-of the house. "I can do that, too," said he, but the woman would not

-believe it, so the Pheasant went into the woods and got upon a hollow

-log and "drummed" with his wings, as a Pheasant does, until the people

-in the house heard him and thought he was really beating corn.

-

-In the Pheasant dance, a part of the Green-Corn dance, the instrument

-used is a drum, and the dancers beat the ground with their feet in

-imitation of the drumming sound made by the Pheasant.

-

-They form two concentric circles, the men beginning on the inside,

-facing the women in the outer circle; each in turn advancing and

-retreating at the signal of the drummer, who sits at one side and

-sings the Pheasant songs. According to the story, there was once a

-winter famine among the birds and animals. No mast could be found in

-the woods, and they were near starvation when a Pheasant discovered a

-holly tree, loaded with red berries, which the Pheasant is very fond

-of. He called his companions, and they formed a circle about the tree,

-singing, dancing and drumming with their wings in token of their joy,

-and thus originated the Pheasant dance.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH FIFTEEN.

-

-THE RACE BETWEEN THE CRANE AND THE HUMMING-BIRD.

-

-

-The Humming-Bird and the Crane were both in love with a pretty

-woman. She preferred the Humming-bird, who was as handsome as the

-Crane was awkward, but the Crane was so persistent that in order

-to get rid of him she finally told him he must challenge the other

-to a race and she would marry the winner. The Humming-bird was so

-swift--almost like a flash of lightning--and the Crane so slow and

-heavy, that she felt sure that the Humming-bird would win. She did

-not know that the Crane could fly all night.

-

-They agreed to start from her house and fly around the circle of the

-world to the beginning, and the one who came in first would marry

-the woman. At the word the Humming-bird darted off like an arrow and

-was out of sight in a moment, leaving his rival to follow heavily

-behind. He flew all day, and when evening came and he stopped to

-roost for the night he was far ahead. But the Crane flew steadily

-all night, passing the humming-bird soon after midnight, and going

-on until he came to a creek and stopped to rest about daybreak. The

-Humming-bird woke up in the morning and flew on again, thinking how

-easily he would win the race, until he reached the creek, and there

-found the Crane spearing tadpoles, with his long bill, for breakfast.

-

-He was very much surprised and wondered how this could have happened,

-but he flew swiftly by and soon left the Crane out of sight again. The

-Crane finished his breakfast and started on, and when evening came

-he kept on as before.

-

-This time it was hardly midnight when he passed the Humming-bird

-asleep on a limb, and in the morning he had finished his breakfast

-before the other came up. The next day he gained a little more,

-and on the fourth day he was spearing tadpoles for dinner when the

-Humming-bird passed him. On the fifth and sixth days it was late in

-the afternoon before the Humming-bird came up, and, on the morning

-of the seventh day the Crane was a whole night's travel ahead.

-

-He took his time at breakfast and then fixed himself up as nicely

-as he could at the creek and came in at the starting place where the

-woman lived, early in the morning.

-

-When the Humming-bird arrived in the afternoon he found that he had

-lost the race, but the woman declared she would never have such an

-ugly fellow for a husband as the Crane.

-

-Moral. Beware of fine feathers.

-

-

-

-

-

-SNAKE, FISH AND INSECT MYTHS.

-

-

-MYTH SIXTEEN.

-

-THE SNAKE TRIBE.

-

-

-The generic name for snake is inadu. They are all regarded as

-inaduwehi, "supernaturals," having an intimate connection with the

-rain and the thunder gods, and possessing a certain influence over the

-other animals and plant tribes. It is said that the snakes, the deer,

-and the ginseng act as allies, so that an injury to one is avenged

-by the others. The feeling toward snakes is one mingled with fear

-and reverence, and every precaution is taken to avoid the killing

-or offending one, especially the rattlesnake. He who kills a snake

-will soon see others; and should he kill a second one, so many will

-come around him, whichever way he may turn, that he will become dazed

-at the sight of their glistening eyes and darting tongues, and will

-go wandering about like a crazy man, unable to find his way out of

-the woods.

-

-To guard against this misfortune there are certain prayers which the

-initiated say in order that a snake may not cross their path, and on

-meeting the first one of the season the hunter humbly begs of him,

-"Let us not see each other this summer." Certain smells, as that

-of the wild parsnip, and certain songs, as those of the Unikawi or

-town-house dance, are offensive to the snakes and make them angry. For

-this reason the Unikawi dance is held only late in the fall, after

-they have retired to their dens for the winter.

-

-When one dreams of being bitten by a snake he must be treated the

-same as for the actual bite, because it is the snake ghost that has

-bitten him; otherwise the place will swell and ulcerate in the same

-way, even though it be years afterwards. For fear of offending them,

-even in speaking, it is never said that a man has been bitten by a

-snake, but only that he has been "scratched by a briar." Most of the

-beliefs and customs in this connection have more special reference

-to the rattlesnake.

-

-The rattlesnake is called utsanati, which may be rendered, "he

-has a bell," alluding to the rattles. According to their myths the

-rattlesnake was once a man, and was transformed to his present shape

-that he might save the human race from extermination by the Sun,

-a mission which he accomplished successfully after others had failed.

-

-By the old men he is also spoken of as "The Thunder's Necklace,"

-and to kill one is to destroy one of the most prized ornaments of

-the Thunder-god. In one of the formulas addressed to the Little Men,

-the sons of the Thunder, they are implored to take the disease snake

-to themselves, because, "It is just what you adorn yourselves with."

-

-For obvious reasons the rattlesnake is regarded as the chief of the

-tribe and is feared and respected accordingly. Few Cherokee will

-venture to kill one except under absolute necessity, and even then

-the crime must be atoned for by asking pardon of the snake ghost,

-either through the mediation of a priest or in person according to

-a set formula.

-

-Otherwise, the relatives of the dead snake will send one of their

-number to track up the offender and bite him, so that he will die. The

-only thing of which it is said that the rattlesnake is afraid is the

-plant known as campion, or "rattlesnake's master" (Silene Stella),

-which is used by doctors to counteract the effect of the bite, and

-it is believed that a snake will flee in terror from the hunter who

-carries a small piece of the root about his person.

-

-Notwithstanding the fear of the rattlesnake, his rattles, teeth,

-flesh and oil are greatly prized for occult or medical uses, the

-snake being killed for this purpose by certain priests who know the

-necessary rites and formulas for obtaining pardon.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH SEVENTEEN.

-

-THE UKTENA AND THE ULUNSUTI.

-

-

-Long ago--hilahiyu--when the Sun became angry at the people on earth,

-and sent a sickness to destroy them, the Little Men changed a man

-into a monster snake, as large as the trunk of a tree, with horns,

-which they called the Uktena, "The Keen-eyed," and sent him to kill

-her. He failed to do the work, and the Rattlesnake had to be sent

-instead, which made the Uktena so jealous and angry that the people

-were afraid of him and had him taken to Galunlati, to stay with the

-other dangerous things. He left others behind him, though, nearly

-as large and dangerous as himself, and they hide now in the deep

-pools in the river and about lonely passes in the high mountains,

-the places which the Cherokee call, "Where the Uktena stays."

-

-Those who know say that the Uktena with its horns on its head has

-a bright blazing crest like a diamond upon its forehead, and scales

-glittering like sparks of fire upon its body. It has rings or spots

-along its whole length, and cannot be wounded except by shooting in

-the seventh spot from the head because under this spot are its heart

-and its life.

-

-The blazing spot is called Ulunsuti, "Transparent," and he who can

-win it may become the greatest wonder-worker of the tribe, but it is

-worth a man's life to attempt it, for whoever is seen by the Uktena

-is so dazed by the bright light that he runs toward the snake instead

-of trying to escape. Even to see the Uktena asleep is death, not to

-the hunter himself, but to his family. Of all the daring warriors

-who have started out in search of Ulunsu'ti only Agan-uni-tsi ever

-came back successful.

-

-The East Cherokee still keeps the one that he bought. It is like a

-transparent crystal, nearly the shape of a cartridge bullet, with

-blood-red streaks running thru the center from top to bottom. The

-owner keeps it wrapped in a whole deerskin, inside an earthen vessel,

-hidden away in a secret cave in the mountains.

-

-Every seven days he feeds it with the blood of small game, rubbing

-the blood all over the crystal as soon as the animal has been

-killed. Twice a year it must have the blood of a deer or some other

-large animal. Should he forget to feed it at the proper time it would

-come out of the cave at night in a shape of fire and fly thru the

-air to slake its thirst with the life blood of the conjurer or some

-of his people.

-

-He may save himself from this danger by telling it, when he puts it

-away, that he will not need it again for a long time. It will then go

-quietly to sleep and feel no hunger until it is again brought out to

-be consulted. Then it must be fed again on blood before it is used. No

-white man must ever see it, and no person but the owner will venture

-near it for fear of sudden death.

-

-Even the conjurer who keeps it is afraid of it, and changes its hiding

-place every once in a while so that it cannot learn the way out. When

-he dies it will be buried with him. Otherwise, it will come out of

-its cave, like a blazing star, to search for his grave, night after

-night for seven years, when, if still not able to find him, it will

-go back to sleep forever where he has placed it.

-

-Whoever owns the Ulunsuti is sure of success in hunting, love,

-rain-making and every other business, but its great use is in life

-prophecy. When it is consulted for this purpose the future is seen

-mirrored in the clear crystal as a tree is reflected in the quiet

-stream below, and the conjurer knows whether the sick man will recover,

-whether the warrior will return from the battle, or whether the youth

-will live to be old.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH EIGHTEEN.

-

-AGAN-UNI-TSI'S SEARCH FOR THE UKTENA.

-

-

-In one of their battles with the Showano, who are all magicians, the

-Cherokee captured a great medicine-man, whose name was Agan-uni-tsi,

-"The Ground-Hog's Mother." They had tied him ready for the torture

-when he begged for his life, and engaged, if they spared him, to find

-for them the great wonder-worker, the Ulunsuti. Now, the Ulunsuti is

-like a blazing star set in the forehead of the great Uktena serpent,

-and the medicine-man who could possess it might do marvelous things,

-but everyone knew that this could not be, because it was certain

-death to meet the Uktena. They warned him of all this, but he only

-answered that his medicine was strong and that he was not afraid. So

-they gave him his life on that condition and he began the search.

-

-The Uktena used to lie in wait in lonely places to surprise its

-victims, and especially haunted the dark passes of the Great Smoky

-Mountains. Knowing this, the magician went first to a gap in the

-range on the far northern border of the Cherokee country. He searched

-there and found a monster blacksnake, larger than had ever been known

-before, but it was not what he was looking for, and he laughed at it

-as something too small for notice.

-

-Coming southward to the next gap he found there a moccasin snake,

-the largest ever seen, but when the people wondered he said it was

-nothing. In the next gap he found a green snake and called the people

-to see it, (the pretty salikwaya), but when they found an immense

-greensnake coiled up in the path they ran away in fear.

-

-Coming on to Utawa-gun-ti, the Bald mountain, he found there a great

-diyahali (lizard) basking, but, although it was large and terrible to

-look at, it was not what he was looking for and he paid no attention to

-it. Going still further south to Walasi-yi, the Frog place, he found

-a great frog squatting in the gap but when the people who came to see

-it were frightened like the others and ran away from the monster he

-mocked at them for being afraid of a frog and went on to the next gap.

-

-He went on to Duni-skwa-lgun-yi, the Gap of the Forked Antler, and to

-the enchanted lake of Atagahi, and at each he found monstrous reptiles,

-but he said they were nothing.

-

-He thought that the Uktena might be hiding in the deep water at

-Tlanusiyi, the Leech place, on Hiwassee, where other strange things

-had been seen before, and going there he dived far down under the

-surface. He saw turtles and water snakes, and two immense sun-perches

-rushed at him and retreated again, but that was all.

-

-Other places he tried, going always southward, and at last on Gahuti

-mountain he found the Uktena asleep.

-

-Turning without noise, he ran swiftly down the mountainside as far

-as he could go with one long breath, nearly to the bottom of the

-slope. Then he stopped and piled up a lot of pine-cones, and inside

-of it he dug a deep trench. Then he set fire to the cones and came

-back again up the mountain.

-

-The Uktena was still asleep, and, putting an arrow to his bow,

-Agan-uni-tsi shot and sent the arrow through its heart, which was

-under the seventh spot from the serpent's head.

-

-The great snake raised his head, with the diamond in front flashing

-fire, and came straight at his enemy, but the magician, turning

-quickly, ran at full speed down the mountain, cleared the circle

-of fire and the trench at one bound, and lay down on the ground

-inside. The Uktena tried to follow, but the arrow was thru his heart,

-and in another moment he rolled over in his death struggle, spitting

-poison over all the mountainside. The poison drops could not pass the

-circle of fire, but only hissed and sputtered in the blaze, and the

-magician on the inside was untouched except by one small drop which

-struck upon his head as he lay close to the ground; but he did not

-know it. The blood, too, as poisonous as the froth, poured from the

-Uktena's wound and down the slope in a stream, but it ran into the

-trench and left him unharmed.

-

-The dying monster rolled over and over down the mountain, breaking down

-large trees in its path until it reached the bottom. Then Agan-uni-tsi

-called every bird in all the woods to come to the feast, and so many

-came that when they were done not even the bones were left. After

-seven days he went by night to the spot.

-

-The body and the bones of the snake were gone, all eaten by the birds,

-but he saw a bright light shining in the darkness, and going over

-to it he found, resting on a low-hanging branch, where a raven had

-dropped it, the diamond from the head of Uktena. He wrapped it up

-carefully and took it with him, and from that time he became the

-greatest medicine-man in the whole tribe.

-

-When he came down again to the settlement the people noticed a small

-snake hanging from his head where the single drop of poison from the

-Uktena had struck him; but so long as he lived he himself never knew

-that it was there.

-

-Where the blood of the Uktena had filled the trench a lake formed

-afterwards, and the water was black and in this water the women used

-to dye the cane splits for their baskets.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH NINETEEN.

-

-THE RED MAN AND THE UKTENA.

-

-

-Two brothers went hunting together, and when they came to a good

-camping place in the mountains they made a fire, and while one gathered

-bark to put up a shelter, the other started up the creek to look for a

-deer. Soon he heard a noise on the top of the ridge as if two animals

-were fighting. He hurried thru the brush to see what it might be,

-and when he came to the spot he found a great Uktena coiled around

-a man and choking him to death. The man was fighting for his life,

-and called out to the hunter, "Help me, nephew; he is your enemy as

-well as mine." The hunter took good aim, and, drawing the arrow to

-the head, sent it thru the body of the Uktena, so that the blood

-spouted from the hole. The snake loosed its coils with a snapping

-noise, and went tumbling down the ridge into the valley, tearing up

-the earth like a water-spout as it rolled.

-

-The stranger stood up, and it was the Asgaya Gigagei, the Red Man of

-the Lightning. He said to the hunter: "You have helped me, and now I

-will reward you, and give you a medicine so that you can always find

-game." They waited until it was dark, and then went down the ridge

-to where the dead Uktena had rolled, but by this time the birds and

-the insects had eaten the body and only the bones were left.

-

-In one place were flashes of light coming up from the ground, and on

-digging here, just under the surface, the Red Man found a scale of

-the Uktena. Next he went over to the tree that had been struck by

-lightning, and gathering a handful of splinters he made a fire and

-burned the scale of the Uktena to a coal. He wrapped this in a piece

-of deerskin and gave it to the hunter, saying: "As long as you keep

-this you can always kill game."

-

-Then he told the hunter that when he went back to camp he must hang

-up the medicine on a tree outside, because it was very strong and

-dangerous. He told him also that when he went into the cabin he would

-find his brother lying inside nearly dead on account of the presence

-of the Uktena scale, but he must take a small piece of cane, which

-the Red Man gave him, and scrape a little of it into water and give

-it to his brother to drink, and he would be well again.

-

-Then the Red Man was gone, and the hunter could not see where he

-went. He returned to camp alone, and found his brother very sick,

-but soon cured him with the medicine from the cane, and that day and

-the next, and every day after, he found game whenever he went for it.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH TWENTY.

-

-THE HUNTER AND THE UKSUHI.

-

-

-A man living down in Georgia came to visit some relatives at

-Hickory-log. He was a great hunter, and after resting for some days,

-got ready to go into the mountains. His friends warned him not to go

-toward the north, as in that direction, near a certain large uprooted

-tree, there lived a dangerous monster Uksuhi snake.

-

-It kept constant watch, and whenever it could spring upon an unwary

-hunter it would coil about him and crush out his life in its folds,

-and then drag the dead body down the mountainside into a deep hole in

-Hiwassee river. He listened quietly to the warning, but all they said

-only made him the more anxious to see such a monster, so, without

-saying anything of his intentions, he left the settlement and took

-his way directly up the mountain toward the north.

-

-Soon he came to the fallen tree and climbed upon the trunk, and there,

-sure enough, on the other side was the great Uksuhi stretched out in

-the grass, with its head raised, but looking the other way.

-

-It was as large as a common trunk of a tree, and at the sight of this

-terrible monster the hunter became so much frightened that he made

-haste to get down from the log and started to run; but the great snake

-had heard him approach, and the noise as he started to make his escape,

-whereupon it turned quickly and pursued him.

-

-Up the ridge the hunter ran, the snake close behind him, then down

-the other side toward the river, but with all his running the Uksuhi

-gained rapidly, and just as he reached the low ground it caught up

-with him and wrapped around him, pinning one arm down by his side,

-but leaving the other free. Now, it gave him a terrible squeeze that

-almost broke his ribs, and then began to drag him along toward the

-water. With his free hand the hunter began to clutch at the bushes

-as they passed, but the snake turned his head and blew its sickening

-breath into his face, until he had to let go his hold.

-

-Again and again this happened, and all the time they were getting

-nearer and nearer to a deep hole in the river, when, almost at the last

-moment, a lucky thought came into the hunter's mind. He was sweating

-all over from his run across the mountain, and suddenly remembered to

-have heard that snakes cannot bear the smell of perspiration. Putting

-his free hand into his bosom he worked it around under his armpit

-until it was covered with perspiration. Then withdrawing it, he

-grasped at a bush until the snake turned its head, when he quickly

-slapped his sweaty hand on its nose. The Uksuhi gave one gasp almost

-as if it had been wounded, loosened its coil, and glided swiftly

-away thru the bushes, leaving the hunter, bruised but not disabled,

-to make his way home to the Hickory-log.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH TWENTY-ONE.

-

-THE USTUTLI.

-

-

-There was once a great serpent, called the Ustutli, that made its

-haunt upon Cohutta mountain. It was called the Ustutli or "foot" snake,

-because it did not glide like other snakes, but had feet at each end of

-its body, and moved by strides or jerks, like a great measuring worm.

-

-These feet were three-cornered and flat and could hold to the ground

-like suckers. It had no legs, but would raise itself up on its hind

-feet, with its snaky head high in the air until it found a good place

-to take a fresh hold; then it would bend down and grip its front feet

-to the ground while it drew its body up from behind.

-

-It could cross rivers and deep ravines by throwing its head across,

-and getting a grip with its front feet, and then swing its body

-over. Wherever its footprints were found there was danger.

-

-It used to bleat like a young fawn, and when the hunter heard a fawn

-bleat in the woods he never looked for it, but hurried away in the

-other direction. Up the mountain or down, nothing could escape the

-Ustutli's pursuit, but along the side of the ridge it could not go,

-because the great weight of its swinging head broke its hold on the

-ground when it moved sideways.

-

-It came to pass after awhile that not a hunter about Cohutta would

-venture near the mountain for dread of the Ustutli.

-

-At last a man from one of the northern settlements came down to visit

-some relatives in that neighborhood. When he arrived they made a feast

-for him, but only had corn and beans, and excused themselves for having

-no meat because the hunters were afraid to go into the mountains. He

-asked the reason, and when they told him he said he would go himself

-tomorrow and either bring in a deer or find the Ustutli. They tried

-to dissuade him from it, but as he insisted upon going they warned

-him that if a fawn bleated in the thicket he must run at once and if

-the snake came after him he must not try to run down the mountain,

-but along the side of the ridge.

-

-In the morning he started out, and went directly to the

-mountain. Working his way thru the bushes at the base, he suddenly

-heard a fawn bleat in front. He guessed at once that it was the

-Ustutli, but he had made up his mind to see it, so he did not

-turn back, but went straight forward, and there, sure enough, was

-the monster, with its great head in the air, as high as the pine

-branches, looking in every direction to discover a deer, or maybe

-a man, for breakfast. It saw him and came at him at once, moving

-in jerky strides, every one the length of a tree trunk, holding its

-scaly head high above the bushes and bleating as it came. The hunter

-was so badly frightened that he lost his wits entirely and started

-to run directly up the mountain.

-

-The great snake came after him, gaining half its length on him

-every time it took a fresh grip with its fore feet, and would have

-caught the hunter before he reached the top of the ridge, but that he

-suddenly remembered the warning and changed his course to run along

-the side of the mountain. At once the snake began to lose ground,

-for every time it raised itself up the weight of its body threw it

-out of a straight line and made it fall a little lower down the side

-of the ridge. It tried to recover itself, but now the hunter gained

-and kept on until he turned the end of the ridge and left the snake

-out of sight. Then he cautiously climbed to the top and looked over

-and saw the Ustutli still slowly working its way toward the summit.

-

-He went down to the base of the mountain, opened his fire pouch,

-and set fire to the grass and leaves. Soon the fire ran all around

-the mountain and began to climb upward.

-

-When the great serpent smelled the smoke and saw the flames coming,

-it forgot all about the hunter and turned to make all speed for a

-high cliff near the summit. It reached the rock and got upon it,

-but the fire followed and caught the dead pines about the base of

-the cliff until the heat made the Ustutli's scales crack.

-

-Taking a close grip of the rock with its hind feet, it raised its

-body and put forth all its strength in an effort to spring across

-the wall of fire that surrounded it, but the smoke choked it and its

-hold loosened and it fell among the blazing pine trunks and lay there

-until it was burned to ashes.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH TWENTY-TWO.

-

-THE UWTSUNTA.

-

-

-At Nundayeli, the wildest spot in Nantahala river, (in what is now

-Macon County, North Carolina), where the overhanging cliff is highest

-and the river far below, there lived in the old time a great snake

-called the Uwtsunta (or bouncer), because it moved by jerks like a

-measuring worm, with only one part of its body on the ground at a

-time. It stayed generally on the east side, where the sun came first

-in the morning, and used to cross by reaching over from the highest

-point of the cliff until it could get a grip on the other side,

-when it would pull over the rest of its body.

-

-It was so immense that when it was thus stretched across, its shadow

-darkened the whole valley below.

-

-For a long time the people did not know it was there, but when at

-last they found out that such a monster inhabited the country, they

-were afraid to live in the valley, so that it was deserted long before

-the Indians were removed from the country.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH TWENTY-THREE.

-

-THE SNAKE BOY.

-

-

-There was a boy who used to go bird hunting every day, and all the

-birds he brought home to give to his grandmother, who was very fond

-of him. This made the rest of the family jealous, and they treated

-him in such fashion that at last one day he told his grandmother he

-would leave them all, but that she must not grieve for him.

-

-Next morning he refused to eat any breakfast, but went off hungry to

-the woods and was gone all day. In the evening he returned, bringing

-with him a pair of deer horns, and went directly to the hothouse

-(Asi), where his grandmother was waiting for him. He told the old

-woman that he must be alone that night, so she got up and went into

-the house where the others were.

-

-At early daybreak she came again to the hothouse and looked in, and

-there she saw an immense Uktena that filled the Asi, with horns on

-its head, but still with two human legs instead of a snake's tail.

-

-It was all that was left of her boy. He spoke to her and told her to

-leave him, and she went away again from the door. When the sun was

-well up, the Uktena began slowly to crawl out, but it was full noon

-before it was all out of the Asi. It made a terrible hissing noise

-as it came out, and all the people ran from it.

-

-It crawled on thru the settlement, leaving a broad trail in the ground

-behind it, until it came to a deep bend in the river, where it plunged

-in and went under the water.

-

-The grandmother grieved much for the boy, until the others of the

-family got angry and told her that she thought so much of him that

-she ought to go and stay with him. So she left them and went along

-the trail made by the Uktena to the river and walked directly into

-the water and disappeared. Once after that a man fishing near the

-place saw her sitting on a large rock in the river, looking just as

-she had always looked, but as soon as she caught sight of him she

-jumped into the water and was gone.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH TWENTY-FOUR.

-

-THE SNAKE MAN.

-

-

-Two hunters, both for some reason under a tabu against the meat of

-a squirrel or turkey, had gone into the woods together. When evening

-came, they found a good camping place and lighted a fire to prepare

-their supper. One of them had killed several squirrels during the day,

-and now got ready to broil them over the fire.

-

-His companion warned him that if he broke the tabu and ate squirrel

-meat he would become a snake, but the other laughed and said that was

-only a conjurer's story. He went on with the preparation, and when

-the squirrels were roasted made his supper of them and then lay down

-by the fire to sleep.

-

-Late that night his companion was aroused by groaning, and on looking

-around he found the other lying on the ground rolling and twisting in

-agony, and with the lower part of his body already changed to the body

-and tail of a large watersnake. The man was still able to speak and

-call loudly for help, but his companion could do nothing, but only sit

-by and try to comfort him while he watched the arms sink into his body

-and the skin take on a scaly change that mounted gradually toward the

-neck, until at last even the head was a serpent's head and the great

-snake crawled away from the fire and down the bank into the river,

-and was never seen again.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH TWENTY-FIVE.

-

-THE RATTLESNAKE'S REVENGE.

-

-

-One day in the olden times, when we could still talk with other

-creatures, while some children were playing about the house, their

-mother inside heard them scream. Running outside she found that a

-rattlesnake had crawled from the grass, and taking up a stick she

-killed it. The father was out hunting in the mountains, and that

-evening when coming home after dark thru the gap, he heard a strange

-wailing sound. Looking about he found that he had come into the midst

-of a whole company of rattlesnakes, all of which had their mouths open

-and seemed to be crying. He asked them the reason of their trouble,

-and they told him that his own wife had that day killed their chief,

-the Yellow Rattlesnake, and they were just now about to send the

-Black Rattlesnake to take revenge.

-

-The hunter said he was very sorry, but they told him that if he spoke

-the truth that he must be ready to make satisfaction and give his

-wife as a sacrifice for the life of their chief. Not knowing what

-might happen otherwise, he consented. They then told him that the

-Black Rattlesnake would go home with him and coil up just outside

-the door in the dark. He must go inside, where he would find his wife

-awaiting him, and ask her to get him a fresh drink of water from the

-spring. That was all. He went home and knew that the Black Rattlesnake

-was following. It was night when he arrived and very dark, but he found

-his wife waiting with his supper ready. He sat down and asked for a

-drink of water. She handed him a gourd full from the jar, but he said

-he wanted it fresh from the spring, so she took a bowl and went out of

-the door. The next moment he heard a cry, and going out he found that

-the Black Rattlesnake had bitten her and that she was already dying.

-

-He stayed with her until she was dead, when the Black Rattlesnake

-came out from the grass again and said his tribe was now satisfied.

-

-He then taught the hunter a prayer song, and said, "When you meet

-any of us hereafter sing this song and we will not hurt you; but if

-by accident one of us should bite one of your tribe, then sing this

-song over him and he will recover." And the Cherokee have kept this

-song and sing it until this day.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH TWENTY-SIX.

-

-THE NEST OF THE TLANUWAS.

-

-

-On the north bank of Little Tennessee river, in a bend below the

-mouth of Citico creek, in Blount County, Tennessee, is a high cliff

-hanging over the water, and about half way up the face of the rock is

-a cave with two openings. The rock projects outward above the cave,

-so that the mouth cannot be seen from above, and it seems impossible

-to reach the cave either from above or below.

-

-There are white streaks in the rock from the cave down to the

-water. The Cherokee call it Tlanuwai (the place of the Great Mythic

-Hawk).

-

-In the old time, away back soon after the creation, a pair of Tlanuwas

-had their nest in this cave. They were immense birds, larger than

-any that live now, and very strong and savage.

-

-They were forever flying up and down the river, and used to come into

-the settlements and carry off dogs and even young children playing

-near the houses. No one could reach the nest to kill them, and when

-the people tried to shoot them the arrows only glanced off and were

-seized and carried away in the talons of the Tlanuwas.

-

-At last the people went to a great medicine man, who promised to

-help them. Some were afraid that if he failed to kill the Tlanuwas

-they would take revenge on the people, but the medicine man said he

-could fix that. He made a long rope of linn bark, just as the Cherokee

-still do, with loops in it for his feet, and had the people let him

-down from the top of the cliff at a time when he knew that the old

-birds were away.

-

-When he came opposite the mouth of the cave he still could not reach

-it, because the rocks above hung over, so he swung himself backward

-and forward several times until the rope swung near enough for him

-to pull himself into the cave with a hooked stick that he carried,

-which he managed to fasten in some bushes growing at the entrance.

-

-In the nest he found four young ones, and on the floor of the cave

-were the bones of all sorts of animals and children that had been

-carried there by the hawks. He pulled the young ones out of the nest

-and threw them over the cliff into the deep water below, where a

-great Uktena serpent that lived there finished them.

-

-Just then he saw the two old ones coming, and had hardly time to

-climb up again to the top of the rock before they reached the nest.

-

-When they found the nest empty they were furious, and circled round

-and round in the air until they saw the snake put its head from the

-water. Then they darted straight downward, and while one seized the

-snake in his talons and flew far up in the sky with it, his mate struck

-at it and bit off piece after piece until nothing was left. They were

-so high up that when the pieces fell they made holes in the rocks,

-which are still to be seen there, at the place which we call, "Where

-the Tlanuwa cut it up," opposite the mouth of Citico. Then the two

-hawks circled up and up until they went out of sight, and they have

-never been seen any more.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH TWENTY-SEVEN.

-

-THE HUNTER AND THE TLANUWA.

-

-

-A hunter out in the woods one day saw a Tlanuwa overhead and tried to

-hide from it, but the great bird had already seen him, and, sweeping

-down, struck its claws into his hunting pack, and carried him far

-up into the air. As it flew, the Tlanuwa, which was a mother-bird,

-spoke and told the hunter that he need not be afraid, as she would

-not hurt him, but only wanted him to stay awhile with her young ones

-to guard them until they were old enough to leave the nest.

-

-At last they alighted at the mouth of a cave in the face of a steep

-cliff. Inside, the water was dripping from the roof, and at the

-farther end was a nest of sticks in which were two young birds.

-

-The old Tlanuwa set the hunter down and then flew away, returning

-soon with a fresh-killed deer, which it tore to pieces, giving the

-first piece to the hunter and then feeding the two young hawks.

-

-The hunter stayed in the cave for many days until the young birds

-were nearly grown, and every day the old mother bird would fly away

-from the nest and return in the evening with a deer or a bear, of

-which she always gave the first piece to the hunter. He grew very

-anxious to see his home again, but the Tlanuwa kept telling him not

-to be uneasy, but to wait a little while longer. At last he made up

-his mind to escape from the cave and finally studied out the plan.

-

-The next morning, after the great hawk had gone, he dragged one of

-the young birds to the mouth of the cave and tied himself to one of

-its legs with a strap from his hunting pack. Then with the flat side

-of the tomahawk he struck it several times on the head until it was

-dazed and helpless, then pushed the bird and himself together off

-the shelf of rock into the air. They fell far, far down toward the

-earth, but the air from below held up the bird's wings, so that it

-was almost as if they were flying. As the Tlanuwa revived it tried

-to fly upward toward the nest, but the hunter struck it again with

-his hatchet until it was dazed and dropped again.

-

-At last they came down in the top of a poplar tree, when the hunter

-cut the strap from the leg of the bird and let it fly away, first

-pulling out a feather from its wing. He climbed down from the tree

-and went home to the settlement, but when he looked in his pack for

-the feather, he found that he only had a stone, for the Great Mythic

-Hawk had power to turn many objects into whatever it pleased.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH TWENTY-EIGHT.

-

-UTLUNTA, THE SPEAR FINGER.

-

-

-Long, long ago, there lived in the mountains a terrible ogress,

-a woman monster, whose food was human livers. She could take on any

-shape that she pleased, or that suited her purpose, but in her right

-form she looked very much like an old woman, excepting that her whole

-body was covered with a skin as hard as a rock, that no weapon could

-wound or penetrate, and that on her right hand she had a long, stony

-finger of bone, like an awl or spear-head, with which she stabbed

-everyone to whom she could get near enough. On account of this fact

-she was called Utlunta, "Spear Finger," and on account of her stony

-skin she was sometimes called Nunyunuwi, "Stone-dress."

-

-There was another stone-clothed monster that killed people, but that

-is a different story.

-

-Spear-finger had such power over stone that she could easily lift and

-carry immense rocks, and could cement them together by merely striking

-one against another. To get over the rough country more easily she

-undertook to build a great bridge through the air from Nunyutlugunyi,

-the "Tree Rock," on Hiwassee, over to Sanigilagi (Whiteside Mountain,

-in Jackson County, North Carolina,) on the Blue Ridge, and had it well

-started from the top of "Tree rock" when the lightning struck it and

-scattered the fragments along the whole ridge, where the pieces can

-still be seen by those who go there.

-

-She used to range all over the mountains about the heads of the streams

-and in the dark passes of Nantahala, always hungry and looking for

-victims. Her favorite haunt on the Tennessee side of the Great Smoky

-Mountains was about the gap on the trail where Chilhowee Mountains

-come down to the river.

-

-Sometimes the old woman would approach along the trail where the

-children were picking strawberries or playing near the village, and

-would say to them coaxingly, "Come, my grand children, come to your

-granny and let granny dress your hair." When some little girl ran up

-and laid her head in the old woman's lap to be petted and combed,

-the old witch would gently run her fingers thru the child's hair

-until it went to sleep, when she would stab the little one thru

-the heart or back of the neck with the long awl finger, which she

-had kept hidden under her robe. Then she would take out the liver

-and eat it. She would enter the house by taking the appearance of

-one of the family who happened to have gone out for a short time,

-and would watch her chance to stab some one with her long finger

-and take out his liver. She could stab him without being noticed,

-and often the victim did not even know it himself at the time--for it

-left no wound and caused no pain--but went on about his own affairs,

-until all at once he felt weak and began to pine away, and was always

-sure to die, because Spear-finger had taken his liver.

-

-When the Cherokee went out in the fall, according to their custom,

-to burn leaves off from the mountains in order to get the chestnuts

-on the ground, they were never safe, for the old witch was always on

-the lookout, and as soon as she saw the smoke rise she knew there

-were Indians there and she would sneak up and try to surprise one

-alone. So as well as they could they would try to keep together, and

-were very cautious of allowing any stranger to approach the camp. But

-if one went to the spring for a drink, they never knew but it might

-be the liver-eater that came back and sat with them. At last a great

-council was held to devise some means to get rid of the old witch

-before she should destroy everybody. The people came from all around

-to Nikwasi, (mound now near Franklin, N. C.) and after much talking it

-was decided that the best way to secure her demise would be to trap her

-in a pitfall where all the warriors could attack her at once. So they

-dug a deep pitfall across the path and covered it over with earth and

-grass as if the ground had never been disturbed. Then they kindled a

-large fire of brush near the trail and hid themselves in the laurels,

-because they knew that she would come as soon as she saw the smoke.

-

-Sure enough they soon saw an old woman coming along the trail. She

-looked very much like an old woman that they knew in the village,

-and although several of the wiser men wanted to shoot at her, the

-others interfered, because they did not want to hurt one of their

-own people. The old woman came slowly along the trail, with one hand

-under her blanket, until she stepped upon the pitfall and tumbled

-through the brush top into the deep hole below. Then, at once, she

-showed her true nature, and instead of the old feeble woman there was

-the terrible Utlunta with her stony skin, and her sharp awl finger

-reaching out in every direction for some one to stab.

-

-The hunters rushed out from the thicket and surrounded the pit, but

-shoot as true and as often as they could, the arrows struck the stony

-mail of the witch only to be broken and fall useless at her feet,

-while she taunted them and tried to climb out of the pit to get at

-them. They kept out of her way, but were only wasting their arrows

-when a small bird, Utsugi, the titmous, perched on a tree overhead and

-began to sing, "un, un, un." They thought it was saying unqhu, heart,

-meaning that they should aim at the heart of the stone witch. They

-directed their arrows where the heart should be, but the arrows only

-glanced off with the flint heads broken.

-

-Then they caught the Utsugi and cut off its tongue, so that ever

-since its tongue is short and everybody knows that it is a liar.

-

-When the hunters let it go, it flew straight up into the sky until it

-was out of sight, and it never came back any more, and the titmouse

-that we know now is only an image of the other.

-

-They kept up the fight without result until another bird, little

-Tsikilili, the chickadee, flew down from a tree and alighted upon the

-witch's right hand. The warriors took this as a sign that they must

-aim there, and they were right, for her heart was on the inside of

-her hand, which she kept doubled up into a fist, this same awl-hand

-with which she had stabbed so many people. Now she was frightened

-in earnest, and began to rush furiously at them with her long awl

-finger, and to jump about in the pit to dodge the arrows, until at

-last an arrow struck her just where the awl finger joined her wrist

-and she fell down dead. Ever since then the Tsikilili is known as a

-truth-teller, and when a man is away on a journey, if this bird comes

-and perches near the house and chirps its song, his friends know that

-he will soon reach his home in safety, and his friends will greet

-him upon his arrival.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH TWENTY-NINE.

-

-NUNYUNUWI, THE STONE MAN.

-

-

-This is what the old men used to tell us when we were boys. Once when

-all the people of the settlement were out in the mountains on a great

-hunt, one man who had gone ahead climbed to the top of a high ridge

-and found a large river on the other side.

-

-While he was looking across he saw an old man walking about on the

-opposite ridge, with a cane that seemed to be made of some bright,

-shining rock. The hunter watched and saw that every little while the

-old man would point his cane in a certain direction, then draw it

-back and smell the end of it. At last he pointed it in the direction

-of the hunter's camp on the other side of the mountain, and this

-time when he drew back the staff he sniffed it several times as if

-it smelled very good, and then started along the ridge straight for

-the camp. He moved very slowly, with the help of the cane, until he

-reached the end of the ridge, when he threw the cane out into the

-air and it became a bridge of shining rock stretching across the river.

-

-After he had crossed over upon the bridge it became a cane again

-and the old man picked it up and started over the mountain toward

-the camp. The hunter was frightened, and felt sure that it meant

-mischief, so he hurried on down the mountain and took the shortest

-trail back to the camp to get there before the old man. When he got

-there and told his story the medicine-man said the old man was a

-wicked cannibal monster called Nunyunuwi, "Dressed in Stone," who

-lived in the Nantahala mountains, and was always going about thru

-the forest looking for some hunter that he might kill and eat him.

-

-It was very hard to escape from him, because his cane guided him as a

-dog, and it was nearly as hard to kill him, for his body was entirely

-covered with a skin of solid rock. If he came he would kill and eat

-them all, and there was only one way to save their lives.

-

-He could not bear to look upon a woman, and if they could bring to

-the path seven married women, that the sight of them would kill him,

-and they would rid themselves of him. So they ran swiftly and brought

-quickly as many women as they could find, and placed them along the

-trail, and when the old man came, he saw one woman standing near the

-trail and the very sight of her made him sick and he cried out, "Yu,

-my grandchild, I hate the sight of woman!" He hurried past her and in

-a moment he saw the second woman standing as he had seen the other,

-and he cried out again, "Yu! my child; I hate the tribe of women, and

-he hurried past her, and he continued along the trail until he came

-to the seventh, and by this time he had become so much enraged that

-he fell down almost dead. Then the medicine-man drove seven sourwood

-switches through his body and pinned him to the ground, and when night

-came they piled great logs over him and set fire to them, and all the

-people gathered around to see. Nunyunuwi was a great adawehi and knew

-many secrets, and now as the fire came close to him he began to talk,

-and told them the medicine for all kinds of sickness. At midnight

-he began to sing, and sang the hunting songs for calling up the bear

-and deer and all the animals of the woods and mountains.

-

-As the blaze grew hotter his voice sank lower and lower, until at

-last when the daylight came, the logs were a heap of white ashes and

-the voice was still. Then the medicine-man told them to rake off the

-ashes, and where the body had lain they found only a large lump of

-wadi paint and a magic Ulunsuti stone. He kept the stone for himself,

-and calling the people around him he painted them on the face and

-breast with the red wadi, and whatever each person prayed for while

-the painting was being done, whether for hunting success, for working

-skill, or for long life--that gift was his.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH THIRTY.

-

-THE HUNTER AND DAKWA.

-

-

-In the old days there was a great fish called the Dakwa, which lived

-in the Tennessee river where Toco creek comes in at Dakwai, the "Dakwa

-place," above the mouth of Tellico, and which was so large that it

-could easily swallow a man. Once a canoe filled with warriors was

-crossing over from the town on the other side of the river, when the

-Dakwa suddenly rose up under the boat and threw them all into the

-air. As they came down it swallowed one with a single snap of its

-jaws and dived with him to the bottom of the river.

-

-As soon as the hunter came to his senses he found that he had not been

-hurt, but it was so hot and close inside the Dakwa that he was nearly

-smothered. As he groped around in the dark his hand struck a lot of

-mussel shells which the fish had swallowed, and taking one of these for

-a knife he began to cut his way out, until soon the fish grew uneasy

-at the scraping inside his stomach and came up to the top of the water

-for air. He kept on cutting until the fish was in such pain that it

-swam this way and that across the stream and thrashed the water into

-foam with its tail. Finally the hole was so large that he could look

-out, and found that the fish was resting in shallow water near the

-shore. The Dakwa soon became so sick from the wound that it vomited

-the hunter out of its mouth, and he with the others made their escape

-to Tellico, but the juices in the stomach of the fish made the hair

-fall from the head of the hunter so that he was bald ever after that.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH THIRTY-ONE.

-

-ATAGAHI, THE ENCHANTED LAKE.

-

-(This is the scene of the myth upon which the story of Occoneechee

-is founded.)

-

-

-Westward from the headwaters of Oconaluftee river, in the wildest

-depths of the Great Smoky Mountains, which form the line between North

-Carolina and Tennessee, is the enchanted lake of Atagahi, "Gall place."

-

-Although all of the Cherokee know that it is there, no one has ever

-seen it, for the way is so difficult that only the animals know how to

-reach it. Should a stray hunter come near the place he would know of

-it by the whirring sound of the wings of thousands of wild ducks and

-pigeons flying about the lake, but on reaching the spot he would find

-only a dry flat, without bird or animal or blade of grass, unless he

-had first sharpened his spiritual vision by prayer and fasting and

-an all-night vigil.

-

-Because the lake is not seen, some people think that the lake is dried

-up long ago, but this is not true. To one that had kept watch and

-fasted all the night it would appear at daybreak as a wide-extending,

-but shallow sheet of pure water, fed by springs spouting from the

-high cliffs around. In the water are all kinds of fish and reptiles,

-and swimming upon the surface or flying overhead are great flocks of

-ducks and pigeons, while all about the shore are bear tracks crossing

-in every direction. It is the medicine lake of the birds and animals,

-and whenever a bear is wounded by the hunter he makes his way thru

-the woods to this lake and plunges into the water, and when he comes

-out upon the other side his wounds are healed, and for this reason

-the animals keep the lake invisible to the hunter.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH THIRTY-TWO.

-

-THE BRIDE FROM THE SOUTH.

-

-

-The North went traveling, and after going far and meeting many

-different tribes he finally fell in love with the daughter of the

-South and wanted to marry her. The girl was willing, but her parents

-objected and said, "Ever since you came the weather has been cold,

-and if you stay here we will all freeze to death." The North pleaded

-hard, and said if they would let him have their daughter, he would

-take her back to his own country, so at last they consented.

-

-They were married and he took his bride back to his own country,

-and when they arrived there she found the people all living in ice

-houses. The next day, when the sun rose, the houses began to leak,

-and as it climbed higher the houses began to melt, and it grew warmer

-and warmer, until finally the people came to the young husband and told

-him he must send his wife home again, or the weather would get so warm

-that the whole settlement would be melted. He loved his wife and so

-held out as long as he could, but as the sun grew hotter the people

-were more urgent, and at last he had to send her home to her parents,

-but they agreed that she might return once a year for a short season,

-but that she should never come to live in the North again, for as she

-was reared in the South, that her whole nature was warm and that she

-was unfit to dwell in the North.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH THIRTY-THREE.

-

-THE ICE MAN.

-

-

-Once when the people were burning the woods in the fall, and the blaze

-set fire to a poplar tree, which continued to burn until the fire

-went down into the roots and burned a great hole in the ground. It

-burned, and burned, and the hole grew constantly larger, until the

-people became frightened and were afraid that it would burn the whole

-world. They tried to put out the fire, but it had gone too deep,

-and they did not know what to do. At last some one said there was a

-man living in a house of ice far in the north who could put out the

-fire, so messengers were sent, and after traveling a long distance

-they came to the ice house and found the Ice Man at home. He was

-a little fellow with long hair hanging down to the ground in two

-plaits. The messengers told him their errand and he at once said,

-"O yes, I can help you," and began to unplait his hair.

-

-When it was once all unbraided he took it up in one hand and struck

-it once across the other hand, and the messengers felt the wind blow

-against their cheeks. A second time he struck his hair across his

-hand, and a light rain began to fall. The third time he struck his

-hair across his open hand there was sleet mixed with the rain drops,

-and when he struck the fourth time great hailstones fell upon the

-ground, as if they had come out from the ends of the hair. "Go back

-now," said the Ice Man, "and I shall be there tomorrow."

-

-So the messengers returned to their people, whom they found still

-gathered helplessly about the great burning pit. The next day while

-they were all gathered about the fire, there came a wind from the

-north, and they were afraid, for they knew that it came from the

-Ice Man. But the wind only made the fire blaze higher. The light

-rain began to fall, but the drops seemed only to make the fire

-hotter. Then the shower turned to a heavy rain, with sleet and hail

-that killed the blaze and made clouds of smoke and steam rise from the

-red coals. The people fled to their homes for shelter, and the storm

-rose to a whirlwind that drove the rain into every burning crevice

-and piled great hailstones over the embers, until the fire was dead

-and even the smoke ceased. When at last it was all over, and the

-people returned, they found a lake where the burning pit had been,

-and from below the water came a sound as of embers still crackling.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH THIRTY-FOUR.

-

-THE HUNTER AND SELU.

-

-

-A hunter had been tramping over the mountains all day long without

-finding any game, and when the sun went down, he built a fire in a

-hollow stump, swallowed a few mouthfuls of corn gruel and lay down

-to sleep, tired out and completely discouraged.

-

-About the middle of the night he dreamed and seemed to hear the sound

-of beautiful singing, which continued until near daybreak, and then

-appeared to die away in the upper air.

-

-All the next day he hunted, with the same poor success, and at night

-made his lonely camp in the woods. He slept, and the same strange

-dream came again, but so vividly that it seemed to him like an actual

-happening. Rousing himself before daylight, he still heard the same

-song, and feeling sure now that it was real, he went in the direction

-of the sound and found that it came from a single green stalk of corn

-(selu).

-

-The plant spoke to him, and told him to cut off some of its roots

-and take them to his home in the settlement, and the next morning

-to chew them and "go to water" before anyone else was awake, and

-then to go out again into the woods, and he would kill many deer,

-and from that time on would always be successful in the hunt.

-

-The corn plant continued to talk, teaching him hunting secrets and

-telling him to be always generous with the game he took, until it was

-noon and the sun was high, when it suddenly took the form of a woman

-and rose gracefully into the air and was gone from sight, leaving

-the hunter alone in the woods. He returned home and told his story,

-and all the people knew that he had seen Selu, the wife of Kanati. He

-did as the spirit had directed, and from that time was noted as the

-most successful of all the hunters in the settlement.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH THIRTY-FIVE.

-

-THE NUNNEHI AND OTHER SPIRIT FOLKS.

-

-

-The Nunnehi or Immortals, the "People who live everywhere," were a

-race of spirit people who lived in the highlands of the old Cherokee

-country and had a great many town-houses, and especially on the tops

-of the bald mountains, the high peaks where no timber grows.

-

-They had large town-houses on Pilot Knob, and in Nik-Wasi mound,

-in what is now Macon County, North Carolina, and another in Blood

-Mountain, and at the head of Nottely river in Georgia. They were

-invisible excepting when they wanted to be seen, and they looked

-and spoke just like other Indians. They were very fond of music and

-dancing, and hunters in the mountains would often hear the dance songs

-and the drum-beating in some invisible town-house, but when they went

-toward the sound it would shift about and they would hear it behind

-them or away in some other direction, so that they could never find

-the place where the dance was.

-

-They were a friendly people, too, and often brought lost wanderers to

-their town-houses under the mountains, and cared for them there until

-they were rested, and guided them back to their homes. There was a

-man who lived in Nottely town who had been with the Nunnehi, when he

-was a boy about twelve years old, and this is the story he tells.

-

-One day, when he was playing near the river, shooting at a mark with

-his bow and arrows, until he became tired, and started to build a

-fish-trap in the water. While he was piling up the rocks in two long

-walls, a man came and stood on the bank and asked him what he was

-doing. The man said, "Well, that is pretty hard work, and you ought

-to come and rest awhile; come and take a walk up the river."

-

-The boy said, "No"; that he was going home to dinner soon. "Come right

-up to my house," said the stranger, "and I'll give you a good dinner

-there, and will bring you home again in the morning."

-

-So the boy went with him up the river until they came to a house, when

-they went in, and the man's wife and the other people there were very

-glad to see him, and gave him a fine dinner, and were very kind to him.

-

-While they were eating, another boy that the boy knew very well came

-in and spoke to him, so that he felt very much at home.

-

-After dinner he played with the other children, and slept there that

-night, and in the morning, after breakfast, the man got ready to take

-him home. They went down a path that had a cornfield on one side and

-a peach orchard on the other, until they came to another trail, and

-the man said, "Go along this trail across that ridge and you will

-come to the river road that will bring you straight to your home,

-and now I'll go back to the house."

-

-So the man went back to the house, and the boy went on along the trail,

-but when he had gone a little distance he looked back, and there was

-no cornfield or orchard or fence or house; nothing but trees on the

-mountainside. He thought it rather queer, but somehow he was not

-frightened, and went on until he came to the river trail in sight

-of his house. There were a great many people standing about talking,

-and when they saw him they ran toward him shouting, "Here he is! He

-is not drowned or killed in the mountains!" They told him that they

-had been hunting him ever since yesterday noon, and asked him where he

-had been. He told them the story of what had happened, and they said

-there is no house there, and it was the Nunnehi that had you with them.

-

-Once four Nunnehi women came to dance at Nottely town, and danced half

-of the night with the young men there, and nobody knew that they were

-Nunnehi, but thought them visitors from another settlement. About

-midnight they left to go home, and some men who had come out from

-the town-house to cool off watched to see which way they went. They

-saw the women go down the trail to the river ford, but just as they

-came to the water they disappeared, although it was a plain trail,

-with no place where they could hide. Then the watchers knew that they

-were Nunnehi. At another time a man was crossing over from Nottely

-to Hemptown, in Georgia, and heard a drum and the songs of dancers

-in the hills on one side of the trail. He rode to see who could be

-dancing in such a place, but when he reached the spot the drum and the

-songs were behind him, and he was so frightened that he hurried back

-to the trail and rode all the way to Hemptown as hard as he could to

-tell the story. He was a truthful man and they believed him.

-

-A long time ago a man got lost in the mountains near the head of

-Oconaluftee river, and it was very cold and his friends thought that

-he must be frozen to death, but he was taken to a cave by the Nunnehi

-and given something to eat, and when the weather was more pleasant

-they conducted him to the main trail and sent him on home to the

-neighbors in the valley below.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH THIRTY-FIVE.

-

-THE REMOVED TOWN-HOUSE.

-

-

-Long ago, before the Cherokee were driven from their homes in 1838, the

-people on Valley river and Hiwassee heard voices of invisible spirits

-calling them from the skies, and warning them of wars and misfortunes

-which the future held in store, and inviting them to come and live with

-the Nunnehi, the Immortals, in their homes under the mountains and

-under the waters. For days the voice hung in the air, and the people

-listened until they heard the voice say, "If you would live with us,

-gather every one in your town-house and fast there seven days, and no

-one must raise a shout or a warwhoop in all that time. Do this and we

-will come and you shall see us and we shall take you to live with us."

-

-The people were afraid of the evils that were to come, and they

-knew that the Immortals of the mountains and of the waters were

-happy forever, so they counciled in their town-house and decided to

-go with them. Those of Anisgayayitown came all together into their

-town-house and prayed and fasted for six days. On the seventh day

-there was a sound from the distant mountains, and it came nearer and

-grew louder until a roar of thunder was all about the town-house and

-they felt the ground shake all around them. Now they were frightened,

-and despite the warning some of them screamed out.

-

-The Nunnehi, who had already lifted up the town-house with its mound

-to carry it away, were startled by the sound and let a part of it

-fall to the ground, where we now see the mound Setsi.

-

-They steadied themselves again and bore the rest of the town-house,

-with all the people in it, to the top of Tsudayelunyi, near the head

-of Cheowa, where we can still see it, changed long ago to solid rock,

-but the people are invisible and immortal.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH THIRTY-SIX.

-

-THE SPIRIT DEFENDERS OF NIKWASI.

-

-

-Long ago a powerful unknown tribe invaded the country from the

-southeast, killing people and destroying settlements wherever they

-went. No leader could stand against them, and in a little while

-they had wasted all the lower settlements and advanced into the

-mountains. The warriors of the old town of Nikwasi, on the head of

-Little Tennessee, gathered their wives and their children into the

-town-house and kept scouts constantly on the lookout for the presence

-of danger.

-

-One morning, just before the break of day, the spies saw the enemy

-approaching and at once gave the alarm. The Nikwasi men seized

-their arms and rushed out to meet the attack, but after a long,

-hard fight they found themselves overpowered and began to retreat,

-when suddenly a stranger stood among them and shouted to the chief to

-call off his men and he himself would drive the enemy back. From the

-dress and the language of the stranger the Nikwasi people thought him

-a chief who had come with reinforcements from Overhill settlements

-in Tennessee. They fell back along the trail, and as they came near

-the town-house they saw a great company of warriors coming out from

-the side of the mound as from an open doorway.

-

-Then they knew that their friends were the Nunnehi, the Immortals,

-although no one had ever heard that they lived under Nikwasi mound. The

-Nunnehi poured out by hundreds, armed and painted for the fight,

-and the most curious part of it all was that they became invisible as

-soon as they were fairly outside of the settlement, so that although

-the enemy saw the glancing arrow or the rushing tomahawk, and felt

-the stroke, he could not see who sent it.

-

-Before such an invisible foe the invaders had to retreat, going

-first south along the ridge to where joins the main ridge, which

-separates Tah-kee-os-tee (French Broad) from the Tuckaseigee, and

-then turning with it to the northeast. As they retreated they tried

-to shield themselves behind rocks and trees, but the Nunnehi arrows

-went around them and killed them from the other side, and they could

-find no hiding place.

-

-All along the ridge they fell, until when they reached the head of

-Tuckaseigee not more than half a dozen were left alive, and in their

-despair they sat down and cried out for mercy. The Nunnehi chief told

-them that they deserved their punishment for attacking a peaceful

-tribe, and he spared their lives and told them to go home and tell

-their people. It was the custom of the Indians to spare some to carry

-the news of battle and defeat. Then the Nunnehi went back to the mound,

-and have been there ever since.

-

-They are there now, for when a strong army of Federal troops came

-to surprise a handful of Confederates in the last war, they saw so

-many soldiers guarding the town that they were afraid and went away

-without making an attack.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH THIRTY-SEVEN.

-

-KANASTA, THE LOST SETTLEMENT.

-

-

-Long ago, while the people still lived in the old town of Kanasta,

-on Tah-kee-os-tee, (French Broad) two strangers, who looked in no

-way different from the other Cherokee, came into the settlement one

-day and made their way into the chief's house.

-

-After the first greetings were over, the chief asked them from what

-town they came, thinking they were from one of the western settlements,

-but they said, "We are of your people and our town is close at hand,

-but you have never seen it. Here you have wars and sickness, with

-enemies on every side, and after awhile a stronger enemy will come and

-take your country from you. We are always happy, and we have come to

-invite you to live with us in our town over there," and they pointed

-toward Tsuwatelda (Pilot Knob). "We do not live forever, and do not

-always find game when we go for it, for game belongs to Tsulkalu,

-who lives in Tsunegunyi, but we have peace always and do not think

-of danger. We go now, but if your people will live with us, let them

-fast seven days and we will come then and take them."

-

-Then they went away toward the west. The chief called the people

-together into the town-house, and they held a council over the matter

-and decided at last to go with the strangers. They got all of their

-property ready for moving, and then went again into the town-house

-and began their fast. They fasted six days and on the morning of the

-seventh, before yet the sun was high, they saw a great company coming

-along the trail from the west, led by the two men who had stopped with

-the chief. They seemed just like Cherokee from another settlement,

-and after a friendly meeting they took up a part of the goods to be

-carried, and the two parties started back together for Tsuwatelda.

-

-There was one man visiting at Kanasta, and he went along with

-them. When they came to the mountain the two guides led the way

-into a cave, which opened out like a great door in the side of the

-rock. Inside they found an open country and a town, with houses

-ranged in two long rows from east to west. The mountain people lived

-in the houses on the south side, and they had made ready the other

-houses for the newcomers, but even after the people of Kanasta,

-with their children and their belongings, had moved in, there were

-still a large number of houses waiting ready for the next who might

-come. The mountain people told them that there was another town of a

-different people, above them in another mountain, and still farther

-above, at the very top, lived the Ani-Hyuntikwalaski (the Thunders).

-

-Now all the people of Kanasta were settled in their new homes, but the

-man who had only been visiting with them wanted to go back to his own

-friends. Some of the mountain people wanted to prevent this, but the

-chief said, "No, let him go if he will, and when he tells his friends

-they may want to come, too. There is plenty of room for all." Then he

-said to the man, "Go back and tell your friends that if they want to

-come and live with us and always be happy, there is a place here ready

-and waiting for them. Others of us live in Datsunalasgunyi and in the

-high mountains all around, and if they would rather go to any of them,

-it will be all the same. We see you wherever you go, and are with you

-in all of your dances, but you cannot see us unless you fast. If you

-want to see us, fast four days, and we will come and talk with you;

-and then if you want to live with us, fast again seven days, and we

-will come and take you." Then the chief led the man through the cave

-to the outside of the mountain and left him there, but when the man

-looked back he saw no cave, but only the solid rock. The people of

-the Lost Settlement were never seen again and they are still living

-in Tauwatelda. Strange things happen there, so that the Cherokee know

-that the mountain is haunted and do not like to go near it. Only a

-few years ago a party of hunters camped there, and as they sat around

-their fire at supper time they talked of the story and made rough

-jokes of the people of old Kanasta. That night they were aroused from

-sleep by a noise as of stones thrown at them from among the trees,

-but when they searched they could find nobody, and were so frightened

-that they gathered up their guns and pouches and left the place.

-

-

-

-

-

-MYTH THIRTY-EIGHT.

-

-HEMP-CARRIER.

-

-

-On the southern slope of the ridge, along the trail from Robbinsville

-to Valley river, in Cherokee County, North Carolina, are the remains of

-a number of stone cairns. The piles are level now, but fifty years ago

-the stones were still heaped up in pyramids, to which every Cherokee

-who passed added a stone. According to the tradition these piles

-marked the graves of a number of women and children of the tribe who

-were surprised and killed on the spot by a raiding party of Iroquois

-shortly before the final peace between the two nations. As soon

-as the news was brought to the settlement on Hiwassee and Cheowa,

-a party was made under Taletanigiski, "Hemp-Carrier," to follow and

-take vengeance on the enemy.

-

-Among others of the party was the father of the noted chief,

-Tsunulahunski, or Junaluska, who (Junaluska) died in about the year

-1855, who was also the chief and hero of the battle of Horseshoe

-Bend. For days they followed the trail of the Iroquois across the

-Great Smoky Mountains, thru forests and over rivers, until finally

-they tracked them to their very town in the far Seneca country.

-

-On the way they met another war party headed for the south, and the

-Cherokee killed them all and took their scalps.

-

-When they came near the Seneca town it was almost night, and they

-heard shouts in the town-house, where the women were dancing over the

-fresh scalps of the Cherokee. The avengers hid themselves near the

-spring, and as the dancers came down to drink, the Cherokee silently

-killed one and another until they had counted as many scalps as had

-been taken on Cheowa, and still the dancers in the town-house never

-thought that enemies were near. Then said the Cherokee leader, "We

-have covered the scalps of our women and children. Shall we go home

-now like cowards, or shall we raise the warwhoop and let the Seneca

-know that we are men?" "Let them come if they will," said the men,

-and they raised the scalp yell of the Cherokees.

-

-At once there was an answering shout from the town-house, and the

-dance came to a sudden close. The Seneca swarmed out with ready gun

-and hatchet, but the nimble Cherokee were off and away. There was a

-hot pursuit in the darkness, but the Cherokee knew the trails and were

-light and active runners, and managed to get away with the loss of only

-one man. The rest got home safely, and the people were so well pleased

-with Hemp-Carrier's bravery and success that they gave him seven wives.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-PART IV

-

-GLOSSARY OF CHEROKEE WORDS

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-GLOSSARY OF CHEROKEE WORDS.

-

-

-The Cherokee language has the continental vowel sounds a, e, i, and u,

-but lacks o, which is replaced by a deep a. The obscure or short u

-is frequently nasalized, but the nasal sound is seldom heard at the

-end of a word. The only labial is m, which occurs in probably not

-more than half a dozen words in the Upper and Middle dialects, and is

-entirely absent from the Lower dialect, in which w takes its place. The

-characteristic l of the Upper and Middle dialects becomes r in the

-Lower, but no dialect has both sounds of these letters, but g and d are

-medials, approximating the sounds of k and t respectively. A frequent

-double consonant is ts, commonly rendered ch by the old traders.

-

-

-    a    as in far.

-    a    as in what, or obscure as in showman.

-    à    as in law, all.

-    d    medial (semisonant), approximating t.

-    e    as in they.

-    e    as in net.

-    g    medial (semisonant), approximating k.

-    h    as in hat.

-    i    as in pique.

-    i    as in pick.

-    k    as in kick.

-    l    as in lull.

-    `l   surd l (sometimes written hl), nearly the Welsh ll.

-    m    as in man.

-    n    as in not.

-    r    takes place of 1 in Lower dialect.

-    s    as in sin.

-    t    as in top.

-    u    as in rule.

-    û    as in cut.

-    ûñ   û nasalized.

-    w    as in wit.

-    y    as in you.

-    '    a slight aspirate, sometimes indicating the omission

-         of a vowel.

-

-

-A number of English words, with cross references, have been introduced

-into the glossary.

-

-

-

-

-ada`lanun`sti--a staff or cane.

-

-adan`ta--soul.

-

-ada`wehi--a magician or supernatural being.

-

-ada`wehi`yu--a very great magician; intensive form of ada`wehi.

-

-a`gana--groundhog.

-

-A`gansta`ta--"groundhog-sausage," from a`gana, ground-hog, and

-tsista`u, "I am pounding it," understood to refer to pounding meat,

-etc., in a mortar, after having first crisped it before the fire. A war

-chief, noted in the Cherokee war of 1760, and prominent until about

-the close of the Revolution, known to the whites as Oconostota. Also

-the Cherokee name for Colonel Gideon Morgan of the war of 1812, for

-Washington Morgan, his son, of the Civil war, and now for a full-blood

-upon the reservation, known to the whites as Morgan Calhoun.

-

-A`gan-uni`tsi--"Ground-hog's mother," from a`gana and uni`tsi, their

-mother, plural of utsi`, his mother (etsi`, agitsi`, my mother). The

-Cherokee name of the Shawano captive, who, according to tradition,

-killed the great Uktena serpent and procured the Ulunsu`ti.

-

-Agawe`la--"Old Woman," a formulistic name for corn or the spirit corn.

-

-agayun`li--for agayunlige, old, ancient.

-

-agida`ta--see eda`ta.

-

-agidutu--see edu`tu.

-

-Agi'li--"He is rising," possibly a contraction of an old personal

-name. Agin`-agi'li, "Rising-fawn." Major George Lawrey, cousin of

-Sequoya, and assistant chief of the Cherokee Nation about 1840. Stanley

-incorrectly makes it "Keeth-la, or Dog" for gi'li`.

-

-agin`si--see eni`si.

-

-agi`si--female, applied usually to quadrupeds.

-

-Agis`-e`gwa--"Great Female," possibly "Great Doe." A being, probably

-an animal god invoked in the sacred formulas.

-

-agitsi`--see etsi`.

-

-Agitsta'ti`yi--"where they stayed up all night," from tsigitsun`tihu,

-"I stay up all night." A place in the Great Smoky range about the

-head of Noland creek, in Swain County, N. C.

-

-Aguaquiri--see Guaquili.

-

-Ahalu`na--"Ambush," Ahalunun`yi, "Ambush place," or Uni`halu`na,

-"where they ambushed," from akalu`ga, "I am watching." Soco gap, at

-the head of Soco creek, on the line between Swain and Haywood counties,

-N. C. The name is also applied to the lookout station for deer hunters.

-

-ahanu`lahi--"he is bearded," from ahanu`lahu, a beard.

-

-Ahu`lude`gi--"He throws away the drum" (habitual), from ahu`li, drum,

-and akwade`gu, "I am throwing it away" (round object). The Cherokee

-name of John Jolly, a noted chief and adopted father of Samuel Houston,

-about 1800.

-

-ahyeli`ski--a mocker or mimic.

-

-akta`--eye; plural, dikta`.

-

-akta`ti--a telescope or field glass. The name denotes something with

-which to examine or look into closely, from akta`, eye.

-

-akwandu`li--a song form for akwidu`li (-hu,) "I want it."

-

-Akwan'ki--see Anakwan`ki.

-

-Akwe'ti`yi--a location on Tuckasegee river, in Jackson county, North

-Carolina; the meaning of the name is lost.

-

-Alarka--see Yalagi.

-

-aliga`--the red-horse fish (Moxostoma).

-

-Alkini`--the last woman known to be of Natchez decent and peculiarity

-among the East Cherokee; died about 1890. The name has no apparent

-meaning.

-

-ama`--water; in the Lower dialect, awa`; cf. a`ma salt.

-

-amaye`hi--"dwelling in the water," from ama` (ama`yi, "in the water")

-and ehu`, "I dwell," "I live."

-

-Amaye'l-e`gwa--"Great island," from amaye'li, island (from ama`,

-water, and aye'li, "in the middle") and e`gwa, great. A former Cherokee

-settlement on Little Tennessee river, at Big island, a short distance

-below the mouth of Tellico, in Monroe county, Tenn. Timberlake writes

-it Mialaquo, while Bartram spells it Nilaque. Not to be confounded

-with Long-Island town below Chattanooga.

-

-Amaye'li-gunahi`ta--"Long-island," from amaye'li, island, and

-gunahi`ta, long. A former Cherokee settlement, known to the whites

-as Long-Island town, at the Long-island in Tennessee river, on

-the Tennessee-Georgia line. It was one of the Chickamauga towns

-(see Tsikama`gi).

-

-ama`yine`hi--"dwellers in the water," plural of amaye`hi.

-

-Anada`duntaski--"roasters," i. e., cannibals; from gun`tasku`. "I

-am putting it (round) into the fire to roast." The regular word for

-cannibals is Yun`wini`giski, q. v.

-

-anagahun`unsku`--the green-corn dance; literally, "they are having

-a green-corn dance"; the popular name is not a translation of the

-Cherokee word, which has no reference either to corn or dancing.

-

-Anakwan'ki--the Delaware Indians; singular Akwan'ki, a Cherokee

-attempt at Wapanaqki, "Easterners," the Algonquian name by which,

-in various corrupted forms, the Delawares are commonly known to the

-western tribes.

-

-Anantooeah--see Ani`Nun`dawe`gi.

-

-a'ne`tsa, or anetsa`gi--the ball-play.

-

-a'netsa`unski--a ball-player; literally, "a lover of the ball-play."

-

-ani`--a tribal and animate prefix.

-

-ani`da`wehi--plural of ada`wehi.

-

-a`niganti`ski--see dagan'tu.

-

-Ani`Gatage`wi--one of the seven Cherokee clans. The name has now

-no meaning, but has been absurdly rendered "Blind savana," from an

-incorrect idea that it is derived from Iga`ti, a swamp or savanna,

-and dige`wi, blind.

-

-Ani-Gila`hi--"Long-haired people," one of the seven Cherokee clans;

-singular, Agila`hi. The word comes from agila`hi (perhaps connected

-with afi'lge-ni, "the back of (his) neck"), an archaic term denoting

-wearing the hair long or flowing loosely, and usually recognized as

-applying more particularly to a woman.

-

-Ani`-Gili`--a problematic tribe, possibly the Congaree. The name is

-not connected with gi`li`, dog.

-

-Ani`-Gusa--see Ani`Ku`sa.

-

-a`nigwa--soon after; dine`tlana a`nigwa, "soon after the creation."

-

-Ani`-Hyun`tikwala`ski--"The Thunders," i. e., thunder, which

-in Cherokee belief, is controlled and caused by a family of

-supernaturals. The word has reference to making a rolling sound;

-cf. tikwale`lu, a wheel, hence a wagon; ama`-tikwalelunyi, "rolling

-water place," applied to a cascade where the water falls along

-the surface of the rock; ahyun`tikwala`stihu`, "it is thundering,"

-applied to the roar of a railroad train or waterfall.

-

-Ani`-Kawi`--"Deer people," one of the seven Cherokee clans; the

-regular form for deer is a'wi`.

-

-Ani`-Kawi`ta--the Lower Creeks, from Kawi`ta or Coweta, their former

-principal town on Chattahoochee river near the present Columbus,

-Ga.; the Upper Creeks on the head streams of Alabama river were

-distinguished as Ani`-Ku`sa (q. v.) A small creek of Little Tennessee

-river above Franklin, in Macon county, N. C., is now known as Coweeta

-creek.

-

-Ani`-Kitu`hwagi--"Kitu`hwa people," from Kitu`hwa (q. v.), an ancient

-Cherokee settlement.

-

-Ani`-Ku`sa or Ani`-Gu`sa--the Creek Indians, particularly the Upper

-Creeks on the waters of Alabama river; singular A`Ku`sa or Coosa

-(Spanish, Coca, Cossa) their principal ancient town.

-

-Ani`-Kuta`ni (also Ani`-Kwata`ni, or incorrectly,

-Nicotani)--traditional Cherokee priestly society or clan exterminated

-in a popular uprising.

-

-anina`hilidahi--"creatures that fly about," from tsinai`li, "I am

-flying," tsina`ilida`hu, "I am flying about." The generic term for

-birds and flying insects.

-

-Ani`-Na'tsi--abbreviated Anintsi, singular A-Na'tsi. The Natchez

-Indians. From coincidence with na`tsi, pine, the name has been

-incorrectly rendered "Pine Indians," whereas it is really a Cherokee

-plural name of the Natchez.

-

-Anin`tsi--see Ani`Na'tsi.

-

-Ani`Nundawe`gi--singular, Nun`dawe`gi; the Iroquois, more particularly

-the Seneca, from Nundawao, the name by which the Seneca call

-themselves. Adair spells it Anantooeah. The tribe was also known

-as Ani`-Se`nika.

-

-Ani`-Saha`ni--one of the seven Cherokee clans; possibly an archaic

-form for "Blue people," from sa'ka`ni, sa`ka`nige`i, blue.

-

-Ani`-Sa`ni, Ani`-Sawaha`ni--see Ani`-Sawanu`gi.

-

-Ani`-Sawanu`gi (singular Sawanu`gi)--the Shawano Indians. Ani`-sa`ni

-and Ani`-Sawaha`ni may be the same.

-

-Ani`-Se`nika--see Ani`Nundawe`gi.

-

-Anisga`ya Tsunsdi` (ga)--"The Little Men"; the Thunder Boys in

-Cherokee mythology.

-

-Ani`-sgayaiyi--"Men town" (?), a traditional Cherokee settlement on

-Valley river, in Cherokee county, North Carolina.

-

-Ani`sgi`na--plural of asgi`na, q. v.

-

-Ani`-Skala`li--the Tuscarora Indian; singular, Skala`li or A-Skala`li.

-

-Ani`skwa`ni--Spaniards; singular, Askwa`ni.

-

-Ani`-Suwa`li--or Ani`-Swqa`la--the Suala, Sara or Cheraw Indians,

-formerly about the headwaters of Broad river, North Carolina, the

-Xuala province of the De Soto chronicle, and Joara or Juada of the

-later Pardo narrative.

-

-Ani`ta`gwa--the Catawba Indians; singular, Ata`gwa or Tagwa.

-

-Ani`-Tsa`guhi--the Cherokee clan, transformed to bears according to

-tradition. Swimmer's daughter bears the name Tsaguhi, which is not

-recognized as distinctively belonging to either sex.

-

-Ani`-Tsa`lagi`--the Cherokee.

-

-Ani`-Tsa'ta--the Choctaw Indians; singular, Tsa'ta.

-

-Ani`-Tsi`ksu--the Chickasaw Indians; singular, Tsi`ksu.

-

-Ani`-Tsi`skwa--"Bird people"; one of the seven Cherokee clans.

-

-Ani`-Tsu`tsa--"The Boys," from atsu`tsa, boy; the Pleiades.

-

-Ani`-Wa`di--"Paint people"; one of the seven Cherokee clans.

-

-Ani`-Wa'dihi`--"Place of the Paint people or clan"; Paint town, a

-Cherokee settlement on lower Soco creek, within the reservation in

-Jackson and Swain counties, North Carolina. It takes its name from

-the Ani`-Wa`di or Paint clan.

-

-ani`wani`ski--the bugle weed, Lycopus virginicus; literally, "the

-talk" or "talkers," from tsiwa`nihu, "I am talking," awaniski,

-"he talks habitually."

-

-Ani`-Wasa`si--the Osage Indians; singular, Wasa`si.

-

-Ani`-Wa`ya--"Wolf people"; the most important of the seven clans of

-the Cherokee.

-

-Ani`-Yun`wiya`--Indians, particularly Cherokee Indians; literally

-"principal or real people," from yunwi, person, ya, a suffix implying

-principal or real, and ani`, the tribal prefix.

-

-Ani`-Yu`tsi--the Yuchi or Uchee Indians; singular, Yu`tsi.

-

-Annie Ax--see Sadayi`.

-

-Aquone--a post-office on Nantahala river, in Mason county, North

-Carolina, site of the former Fort Scott. Probably a corruption of

-egwani, river.

-

-Arch, John--see Atsi.

-

-Asa`gwalihu`--a pack or burden; asa`gwal lu`, or asa`gwi li`, "there

-is a pack on him."

-

-asehi`--surely.

-

-Ase`nika--singular of Ani`-Se`nika.

-

-asga`ya--man.

-

-asga`ya Gi`gagei--the "Red Man"; the Lightning spirit.

-

-asgi`na--a ghost, either human or animal; from the fact that ghosts

-are commonly supposed to be malevolent, the name is frequently rendered

-"devil."

-

-Asheville--see Kasdu`yi and Unta`kiyasti`yi.

-

-asi--the sweat lodge and occasional winter sleeping apartment of the

-Cherokee and other southern tribes. It was a low built structure of

-logs covered with earth and from its closeness and the fire usually

-kept smoldering within was known to the old traders as the "hot house."

-

-asiyu` (abbreviated siyu`)--good; the common Cherokee salute; ga`siyu`,

-"I am good"; hasiyu`, "thou art good"; a`siyu, "he (it) is good"; astu,

-"very good."

-

-Askwa`ni--a Spaniard. See Ani`skwa`ni.

-

-astu`--very good; astu tsiki`, very good, best of all.

-

-Astu`gata`ga--A Cherokee lieutenant in the Confederate service killed

-in 1862. The name may be rendered, "Standing in the doorway," but

-implies that the man himself is the door or shutter; it has no first

-person; gata`ga, "he is standing"; stuti, a door or shutter; stuhu,

-a closed door or passage; stugi`sti, a key, i. e., something with

-which to open the door.

-

-asun`tli, asuntlun`yu--a footlog or bridge; literally, "log lying

-across," from asi`ta, log.

-

-ata`--wood; ata`ya, "principal wood," i. e., oak; cf. Muscogee iti,

-wood.

-

-Ata`-gul kalu`--a noted Cherokee chief, recognized by the British

-government as the head chief or "emperor" of the Nation, about 1760 and

-later, and commonly known to the whites as the Little Carpenter (Little

-Cornplanter, by mistake, in Haywood). The name is frequently spelled

-Atta-kulla-kulla, Ata-kullakulla or Ata-culculla. It may be rendered

-"Leaning wood," from ata`, "Wood" and gul kalu, a verb implying that

-something long is leaning, without sufficient support, against some

-other object; it has no first person form. Bartram describes him as

-"A man of remarkably small stature, slender and of a delicate frame,

-the only instance I saw in the Nation; but he is a man of superior

-abilities."

-

-Ata`gwa--a Catawba Indian.

-

-Atahi`ta--abbreviated from Atahitun`yi, "Place where they shouted,"

-from gata`hiu`, "I shout," and yi, locative. Waya gap, on the ridge

-west of Franklin, Macon county, North Carolina. The map name is

-probably from the Cherokee wa ya, wolf.

-

-Ata-Kullakulla--see Ata`-gul kalu`.

-

-a`tali--mountain; in the Lower dialect a`tari, whence the "Ottare" or

-Upper Cherokee of Adair. The form a`tali is used only in composition;

-and mountain in situ is atalunyi or gatu`si.

-

-a`tali-guli`--"it climbs the mountain," i. e., "mountain-climber"; the

-ginseng plant, Ginseng quinquefolium; from a`tali, mountain, and guli`,

-"it climbs" (habitually); tsilahi` or tsili`, "I am climbing." Also

-called in the sacred formulas, Yun`wi Usdi`, "Little man."

-

-Atala`nuwa`--"Tla`nuwa hole"; the Cherokee name of Chattanooga,

-Tennessee (see tsatanu`gi); originally applied to a bluff on the south

-side of the Tennessee river, at the foot of the present Market street.

-

-a`talulu`--unfinished, premature, unsuccessful; whence utalu`li,

-"it is not yet time."

-

-Ata`lunti`ski--a chief of the Arkansas Cherokee about 1818, who

-had originally emigrated from Tennessee. The name, commonly spelled

-Tollunteeskee, Taluntiski, Tallotiskee, Tallotuskee, etc., denotes

-one who throws some living object from a place, as an enemy from

-a precipice.

-

-A`tari--see a`tali.

-

-atasi` (or atasa`, in a dialectic form)--a war-club.

-

-atatsun`ski--stinging; literally, "he stings" (habitually).

-

-A`tsi--the Cherokee name of John Arch, one of the earliest native

-writers in the Sequoya characters. The word is simply an attempt at

-the English name Arch.

-

-atsi`la--fire; in the Lower dialect, atsi`ra.

-

-Atsi`la-wa`i--"Fire--"; a mountain sometimes known as Rattlesnake knob,

-about two miles northeast of Cherokee, Swain county, N. C.

-

-Atsil`-dihye`gi--"Fire-Carrier"; apparently the Cherokee name for the

-will-of-the-wisp. As is usually the case in the Cherokee compounds,

-the verbal form is plural ("it carries fire"); the singular form

-is ahye`gi.

-

-Atsil`-sunti (abbreviated tsil`-sunti)--fleabane (Erigeron canadense);

-the name signifies "material with which to make fire," from atsi`la,

-fire, and gasunti, gatsunti or gatlunti, material with which to make

-something, from fasun`sku (or gatlun`sku), "I make it." The plant is

-also called ihya`ga.

-

-atsil`-tluntu`tsi--"fire-panther." A meteor or comet.

-

-A`tsina`--cedar.

-

-A`tsina`-k ta`um--"Hanging cedar place"; from a`tsina`, cedar, and

-k ta`un, "where it (long) hangs down"; a Cherokee name for the old

-Taskigi town on the Little Tennessee river in Monroe county, Tenn.

-

-Atsi`ra--see atsi`la.

-

-Atsun`sta ti`yi (abbreviated Atsun`sta ti)--"Fire-light place,"

-referring to the "fire-hunting" method of killing deer in the river

-at night. The proper form for Chestatee river, near Dahlonega, in

-Lumpkin county, Ga.

-

-Attakullakulla--see Ata-gul kalu`.

-

-awa`--see ama`.

-

-awa`hili--eagle; particularly Aquila Chrysaetus, distinguished as the

-"pretty-feathered eagle."

-

-awi`--deer; also sometimes written and pronounced ahawi`; the name

-is sometimes applied to the large horned beetle, the flying stag of

-early writers.

-

-awi`-ahanu`lahi--goat; literally "bearded deer."

-

-awi`-ahyeli`ski--"deer mocker"; the deer bleat, a sort of whistle

-used by hunters to call the doe by imitating the cry of the fawn.

-

-awi`-akta`--"deer eye"; the Rudbeckia or black-eyed Susan.

-

-awi`-e`gwa (abbreviated aw-e`gwa)--the elk, literally "great deer."

-

-awi`-unade`na--sheep; literally "woolly deer."

-

-Awi`Usdi`--"Little Deer," the mythic chief of the Deer tribe.

-

-Ax, Annie--see Sadayi`.

-

-Ax, John--see Itagu`nahi.

-

-awe li--half, middle, in the middle.

-

-Ayphwa`si--the proper form of the name commonly written Hiwassee. It

-signifies a savanna or meadow and was applied to two (or more) former

-Cherokee settlements. The more important, commonly distinguished as

-Ayuhwa`si Egwa`hi or Great Hiwassee, was on the north bank of Hiwassee

-river at the present Savannah ford above Columbus, in Polk county,

-Tenn. The other was farther up the same river, at the junction of

-Peachtree creek, above Murphy, in Cherokee county, N. C. Lanman writes

-it Owassa.

-

-Ayrate--see e`ladi`.

-

-Ays`sta--"The Spoiler," from tsiya`stihu, "I spoil it"; cf. uya`i,

-bad. A prominent woman and informant on the East Cherokee reservation.

-

-Ayun`ini--"Swimmer"; literally, "he is swimming," from gayunini`, "I

-am swimming." A principal priest and informant of the East Cherokee,

-died in 1899.

-

-Ayulsu`--see Dayulsun`yi.

-

-

-

-Beaverdam--see Uy'gila`gi.

-

-Big-Cove--see Ka`lanun`yi.

-

-Big-Island--see Amaye'l-e`gwa.

-

-Big-Witch--see Tskil-e`gwa.

-

-Bird-Town--see Tsiskwa`hi.

-

-Bloody-Fellow--see Iskagua.

-

-Blythe--see Diskwani.

-

-Black-fox--see Ina`li.

-

-Boudinot, Elias--see Galagi`na.

-

-Bowl, The; Bowles, Colonel--see Diwali.

-

-Brass--see Untsaiyi`.

-

-Brasstown--see Itse`yi.

-

-Breadth, The--see Unli`ta.

-

-Briertown--see Kanu`gula`yi.

-

-Buffalo (creek)--see Yunsa`i.

-

-Bull-Head--see Sukwale`na.

-

-Butler, John--see Tsan`-uga`sita.

-

-

-

-Cade's Cove--see Tsiya`hi.

-

-Canacaught--"Canacaught, the great Conjurer," mentioned as a Lower

-Cherokee chief in 1684; possibly kanegwa`ti, the water-moccasin snake.

-

-Canaly--see hi`gina`lii.

-

-Canasagua--see Gansa`gi.

-

-Cannastion, Cannostee--see Kana`sta.

-

-Canuga--see Kanu`ga.

-

-Cartoogaja--see Gatu`gitse`yi.

-

-Cataluchee--see Gadalu`tsi.

-

-Cauchi--a place, apparently in the Cherokee county, visited by Pardo

-in 1567.

-

-Caunasaita--given as the name of a Lower Chief in 1684; possibly for

-Kanunsi`ta, "dogwood."

-

-Chalaque--see Tsa`lagi.

-

-Chattanooga--see Tsatanu`gi.

-

-Chattooga, Chatuga--see Tsatu`gi.

-

-Cheeowhee--see Tsiya`hi.

-

-Cheerake--see Tsa`lagi.

-

-Cheraw--see Ani`-Suwa`li.

-

-Cheowa--see Tsiya`hi.

-

-Cheowa Maximum--see Schwate`yi.

-

-Cheraqui--see Tsa`lagi.

-

-Cherokee--see Tsa`lagi.

-

-Chestatee--see Atsun`sta ti`yi.

-

-Chestua--see Tsistu`yi.

-

-Cheucunsene--see Tsi`kama`gi.

-

-Chilhowee--see Tsu lun`we.

-

-Chimney Tops--see Duni`skwa lgun`i.

-

-Chisca--mentioned in the De Soto narratives as a mining region in

-the Cherokee country. The name may have a connection with Tsi`skwa,

-"bird," possibly Tsiskwa`hi, "Bird place."

-

-Choastea--see Tsistu`yi.

-

-Chopped Oak--see Digalu`yatun`yi.

-

-Choquata--see Itsa`ti.

-

-Citico--see Si`tiku`.

-

-Clear-sky--see Iskagua.

-

-Clennuse--see Tlanusi`yi.

-

-Cleveland--see Tsistetsi`yi.

-

-Coca--see Ani`-Ku`sa.

-

-Coco--see Kuku`.

-

-Cohutta--see Gahu`ti.

-

-Colanneh, Colona--see Ka`lanu.

-

-Conasauga--see Gansa`gi.

-

-Conneross--see Kawan`-ura`sunyi.

-

-Coosawatee--see Ku`saweti`yi.

-

-Cooweescoowee--see Gu`wisguwi`.

-

-Coosa--see Ani`-Ku`sa, Kusa.

-

-Corani--see Ka`lanu.

-

-Cowee`--see Kawi`yi.

-

-Coweeta, Coweta--see Ani`-Kawi`ta.

-

-Coyatee (variously spelled Cawatie, Coiatee, Coytee, Coytoy,

-Kai-a-tee)--a former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river,

-some ten miles below the junction of Tellico, about the present Coytee

-post-office in Loudon county, Tennessee.

-

-Creek-path--see Ku`sa-nunna`hi.

-

-Crow-town--see Kagun`yi.

-

-Cuhtahlatah--a Cherokee woman noted in the Wahnenauhi manuscript as

-having distinguished herself by bravery in battle. The proper form

-may have some connection with gatun`lati, "wild hemp."

-

-Cullasagee--see Kulse`tsi`yi.

-

-Cullowhee, Currahee--see Gulahi`yi.

-

-Cuttawa--see Kitu`hwa.

-

-

-

-Dagan tu--"he makes it rain"; from aga`ska, "it is raining," aga`na,

-"it has begun to rain"; a small variety of lizard whose cry is said

-to presage rain. It is also called a`niganti`ski, "they make it rain"

-(plural form), or rain-maker.

-

-dagul ku--the American white-fronted goose. The name may be an

-onomatope.

-

-dagu`na--the fresh-water mussel; also a variety of face pimples.

-

-Dagun`hi--"Mussel place," from dagu`na, mussel, and hi, locative. The

-Mussel shoals on Tennessee river, in northwestern Alabama. It was

-sometimes called also simply Tsu stanalun`yi, "Shoal's place."

-

-Dagu`nawa`lahi--"Mussel-liver place," from dagu`na, mussel, uwe`la,

-liver, and hi, locative; the Cherokee name for the site of Nashville,

-Tenn. No reason can now be given for the name.

-

-Dahlonega--A town in Lumpkin county, Ga., near which the first

-gold was mined. A mint was established there in 1838. The name is

-from the Cherokee dala`nige`i, yellow, whence ate`la-dala`-nige`i,

-"yellow money," i. e., gold.

-

-daksawa`ihu--"he is shedding tears."

-

-dakwa`--a mythic great fish; also the whale.

-

-Dakwa`i--"dakwa place," from a tradition of a dakwa` in the river

-at that point. A former Cherokee settlement, known to the traders

-as Toqua or Toco, on Little Tennessee river, about the mouth of Toco

-creek in Monroe county, Tenn. A similar name and tradition attaches

-to a spot on the French Broad river, about six miles above the Warm

-springs, in Buncombe county, N. C.

-

-dakwa`nitlastesti--"I shall have them on my legs for garters"; from

-anitla`sti (plural dinitla`sti), garter; d-, initial plural; akwa,

-first person particle; and esti, future suffix.

-

-da`liksta`--"vomiter," from dagik`stihu`, "I am vomiting," daliksta`,

-"he vomits" (habitually); the form is plural. The spreading adder

-(Heterodon), also sometimes called kwandaya`hu, a word of uncertain

-etymology.

-

-Da` nagasta--for Da` nawa-gasta`ya, "Sharp-war," i. e.,

-"Eager-warrior;" a Cherokee woman's name.

-

-Da` nawa-(a)sa tsun`yi, "War-ford," from da` nawa, war, and asa

-tsun`yi, "a crossing-place or ford." A ford on Cheowa river about

-three miles below Robbinsville, in Graham county, N. C.

-

-Danda`ganu`--"Two looking at each other," from detsi`ganu`,

-"I am looking at him." A former Cherokee settlement, commonly

-known as Lookout Mountain town, on Lookout Mountain creek, near the

-present Trenton, Dade county, Ga. One of the Chickamauga towns (see

-Tsi`kama`gi), so-called on account of the appearance of the mountains

-facing each other across the Tennessee river at Chattanooga.

-

-Da`si giya`gi--an old masculine personal name, of doubtful etymology,

-but commonly rendered by the traders "Shoe-boots," possibly referring

-to some peculiar style of moccasin or leggin. A chief known to the

-whites as Shoe-boots is mentioned in the Revolutionary records. Chief

-Lloyd Welch, of the eastern band, was known in the tribe as Da`si

-giya`gi, and the same name is now used by the East Cherokee as the

-equivalent of the name Lloyd.

-

-Da`skwitun`yi--"Rafter's Place," from daskwitun`i, rafters, and yi,

-locative. A former settlement on Tusquittee creek, near Hayesville,

-in Clay county, North Carolina.

-

-dasun`tali--ant; dasun`tali, "stinging ant," the large red cowant

-(Myrmica?), also called sometimes, on account of its hard body-case,

-nun`yunu`wi, "stone-clad," after the fabulous monster.

-

-Datle`yasta`i--"where they fell down," a point on Tuckasegee river,

-a short distance above Webster, in Jackson county, North Carolina.

-

-datsi--a traditional water-monster.

-

-Datsi`yi--"Datsi place"; a place on Little Tennessee river, near

-junction of Eagle creek, in Swain county, North Carolina.

-

-Datsu`nalagun`yi--"where there are tracks or footprints,"

-from uta`sinun`yi or ulasgun`yi, footprint. Track Rock gap, near

-Blairsville, Georgia. Also sometimes called De`gayelun`ha, "place of

-branded marks."

-

-da`yi--beaver.

-

-Dayulsun`yi--"place where they cried," a spot on the ridge at the

-head of Tuckasegee river, in Jackson county, North Carolina; so-called

-from an old tradition.

-

-da`yuni`si--"beaver's grandchild," from dayi, beaver, and uni`si,

-son's child of either sex. The water beetle or mellow bug.

-

-Degal gun`yi--a cairn, literally "where they are piled up"; a series

-of cairns on the south side of Cheowa river, in Graham county, N. C.

-

-De`gata`ga--The Cherokee name of General Stamd Watie and of a

-prominent early western chief known to the whites as Takatoka. The

-word is derived from tsita`ga, "I am standing," da nita`ga "they are

-standing together," and conveys the subtle meaning of two persons

-standing together and so closely united in sympathy as to form but

-one human body.

-

-De`gayelun`ha--see Datsu`nalagun`yi.

-

-detsanun`li--an enclosure or piece of level ground cleared for

-ceremonial purposes; applied more particularly to the green-corn dance

-ground. The word has a plural form, but cannot be certainly analyzed.

-

-De`tsata--a Cherokee sprite.

-

-detsinu`lahungu`--"I tried, but failed."

-

-Didalaski`yi--"Showering place." In the story (number 17) the name

-is understood to mean "the place where it rains fire." It signifies

-literally, however, the place where it showers, or comes down, and

-lodges upon something animate and has no definite reference to fire

-(atsi`la) or rain (afaska, "it is raining"); degalasku`, "they are

-showering down and lodging upon him."

-

-Dida`skasti`yi--"where they were afraid of each other," a spot on

-Little Tennessee river, near the mouth of Alarka creek, in Swain

-county, N. C.

-

-diga`gwani`--the mud-hen or didapper. The name is plural form and

-implies "lame," or "crippled in the legs" (cf. detsi`nigwa`na, "I

-am kneeling"), probably from the bouncing motion of the bird when in

-the water. It is also the name of a dance.

-

-Diga`kati`yi--see Gakati`yi.

-

-di`galungun`yi--"where it rises, or comes up"; the east. The sacred

-term is Nunda`yi, q. v.

-

-digalun`latiyun--a height, one of a series, from galun`lati, "above."

-

-Digalu`yatun`yi--"where it is gashed (with hatchets)"; from tsilu`yu,

-"I am cutting (with a chopping stroke)," di, plural prefix, and yi,

-locative. The Chopped Oak, formerly east of Clarkesville, Ga.

-

-Digane`ski--"he picks them up" (habitually), from tsine`u, "I am

-picking it up." A Cherokee Union soldier in the Civil War.

-

-digi`gage`i--the plural of gi`gage`i, red.

-

-digu`lanahi`ta--for digu`li-anahi`ta, "having long ears," "long-eared";

-from gule, "ear" and gunahi`ta, "long."

-

-Dihyun`dula`--"sheaths," or "scabbards"; singular ahyun`dula`,

-"a gun-sheath," or other scabbard. The probable correct form of a

-name which appears in Revolutionary documents as "Untoola, or Gum Rod."

-

-Dikta`--plural of Akta`, eye.

-

-dila`--skunk.

-

-dilsta`yati--"scissors"; the water-spider (Dolomedes).

-

-dinda`skwate`ski--the violet; the name signifies, "they pull each

-others' heads off."

-

-dine`tlana--the creation.

-

-di nuski--"the breeder"; a variety of smilax brier.

-

-Disga`gisti`yi--"where they gnaw"; a place on Cheowa river, in Graham

-county, N. C.

-

-diskwa ni--"chestnut bread," i. e., a variety of bread having chestnuts

-mixed with it. The Cherokee name of James Blythe, interpreter and

-agency clerk.

-

-Distai`yi--"they are strong," plural of astai`yi, "strong or

-tough." The Tephrosia or devil's shoestring.

-

-dista`sti--a mill (generic).

-

-dita`stayeski--"a barber," literally "one who cuts things (as with

-scissors), from tsista`yu, "I cut." The cricket (tala`tu) is sometimes

-so-called.

-

-Diwa`li--"Bowl," a prominent chief of the western Cherokee, known to

-the whites as The Bowl, or Colonel Bowles, killed by the Texans in

-1839. The chief mentioned may have been another of the same name.

-

-diya`hali (or duya`hali)--the alligator lizard (Sceloporue undulatus).

-

-Diya`hali`yi--"Lizard's place," from diya`hali, lizard, and yi,

-locative. Joanna Bald, a mountain at the head of Valley river on the

-line between Cherokee and Graham counties, North Carolina.

-

-Double-Head--see Tal-tsu`ska`.

-

-Dragging-Canoe--see Tsi`yu-gunsi`ni.

-

-Dudun`leksun`yi--"where its legs were broken off"; a place on

-Tuckasegee river, a few miles above Webster, in Jackson county, N. C.

-

-Dugilu`yi (abbreviated Dugilu`, and commonly written Tugaloo, or

-sometimes Toogelah or Toogoola)--a name occurring in several places

-in the old Cherokee country, the best known being Tugaloo river,

-so-called from a former Cherokee settlement of that name situated

-at the junction of Toccoa creek with the main stream, in Habersham

-county, Ga. The word is of uncertain etymology; but seems to refer

-to a place at the forks of a stream.

-

-Dukas`i, Dukwas`i--The correct form of the name commonly written

-Toxaway, applied to a former Cherokee settlement in S. C., and the

-creek upon which it stood, and extreme headstream of Keowee river

-having its source in Jackson county, N. C. The meaning of the name

-is lost, although it has been wrongly interpreted to mean "place of

-shedding tears."

-

-Dulastun`yi--"Potsherd place." A former Cherokee settlement on Nottely

-river in Cherokee county, North Carolina.

-

-dule`tsi--"kernels," a goitrous swelling upon the throat.

-

-dulu`si--a variety of frog found upon the headwaters of Savannah river.

-

-Duniya ta lun`yi--"where there are shelves, or flat places," from aya

-te`ni, flat, whence da`ya tana lun`i, a shelf, and yi, locative. A

-gap on the Great Smoky range, near Clingman's dome, Swain county, N. C.

-

-Dunidu`lalun`yi--"where they made arrows"; a place on Straight creek,

-a headstream of Oconaluftee river, in Swain county, N. C.

-

-Duni`skwa lgun`i--the double peak known as the Chimney Tops, in Great

-Smoky Mountains about the head of Deep creek, in Swain county, N. C. On

-the north side is the pass known as Indian gap. The name signifies a

-"forked antler," from uskwa lgu, antler, but indicates that the antler

-is attached in place, as though the deer itself were concealed below.

-

-Du`stayalun`yi--"where it made a noise as of thunder or shooting,"

-apparently referring to a lightning strike (detsistaya`hihu, "I make

-a shooting or thundering noise," might be a first person form used

-by the personified Thundergod); a spot on Hiwassee river, about the

-junction of Shooting creek, near Hayesville, in Clay county, N. C. A

-former settlement along the creek bore the same name.

-

-du`stu`--a species of frog, appearing very early in spring; the name

-is intended for an onomatope. It is the correct form of the name of

-the chief noted by McKenney and Hall as "Tooantuh or Spring Frog."

-

-Dutch--see Tatsi`.

-

-duwe ga--a spring lizard.

-

-

-

-Eagle Dance--see Tsugidu`li ulsgi`sti.

-

-Eastinaulee--see U`stana`li.

-

-Echota, New--see Gansa`gi.

-

-edata--my father (Upper dialect); the Middle and Lower dialect form

-is agida`ta.

-

-Edi`hi--"He goes about" (habitually); a masculine name.

-

-edutu--my maternal grandfather (Upper dialect); the Middle and Lower

-dialect form is agidu tu; cf. enisi.

-

-egwa--great; cf. utanu.

-

-egwani--river.

-

-Egwanulti--"By the river," from egwa ni, river, and nulati or nulti,

-near, beside. The proper form of Oconaluftee, the name of the river

-flowing thru the East Cherokee reservation in Swain and Jackson

-Counties, N. C. The town, Oconaluftee, mentioned by Bartram as

-existing about 1775, was probably on the lower course of the river

-at the present Birdtown, on the reservation, where was formerly a

-considerable mound.

-

-ela--earth, ground.

-

-eladi--low, below; in the Lower dialect eradi, whence the Ayrata or

-Lower Cherokee of Adair, as distinguished from the Ottara (atari,

-atali) or Upper Cherokee.

-

-elanti--a song form for eladi, q. v.

-

-Elatse`yi, (abbreviated Elatse)--"Green (verdant) earth," from ela,

-earth, and itse yi, green, from fresh-springing vegetation. The

-name of several former Cherokee settlements, commonly known to the

-whites as Ellijay, Elejoy or Allagae. One of these was upon the

-headwaters of Keowee river in S. C.; another was on Ellijay creek

-of Little Tennessee river, near the present Franklin, in Macon Co.,

-N. C.; another was about the present Ellijay in Gilmer Co., Ga.;

-and still another was on Ellijay creek of Little river, near the

-present Maryville, in Blount Co., Tenn.

-

-Elawa diyi (abbreviated Elawa di)--"Red-earth place," from ela, earth,

-wadi, brown-red or red paint, and yi, the locative. 1. The Cherokee

-name of Yellow-Hill settlement, now officially known as Cherokee,

-the post office and agency headquarters for the East Cherokee, on

-Oconaluftee river, in Swain Co., N. C. 2. A former council ground

-known in history as Red Clay; at the site of the present village of

-that name in Whitfield Co., Ga., adjoining the Tennessee line.

-

-Ellijay--see Elatse`yi.

-

-eni si--my paternal grandfather (Upper dialect); the Middle and Lower

-dialect form is agani si, cf. edutu.

-

-Eskaqua--see Iskagua.

-

-Estanaula, Estinaula--see U`stana`li.

-

-Etawa ha tsistatla`ski--"Deadwood-lighter," a traditional Cherokee

-conjurer.

-

-eti--old, long ago.

-

-Etowah--see I`tawa`.

-

-Etsaiyi--see Untsaiyi.

-

-etsi--my mother (Upper dialect); the Middle and Lower dialect form

-is agitsi.

-

-Euharlee--see Yuha`li.

-

-

-

-Feather dance--see Tsugidu`li ulsgi`sti.

-

-Fightingtown--see Walas`-unulsti yi.

-

-Flax-toter--see Tale`danigi`ski.

-

-Flying-squirrel--see Ka`lahu`.

-

-Frogtown--see Walasi`yi.

-

-

-

-Gadalu`la--the proper name of the mountain known to the whites as

-Yonah (from yanu, bear); or upper Chattahoochee river, in White Co.,

-Ga. The name has no connection with Tallulah (see Talulu) and cannot

-be translated.

-

-Gadalu`tsi--in the corrupted form of Cataluchee this appears on the

-map as the name of a peak, or rather a ridge, on the line between

-Swain and Haywood counties, N. C., and of a creek running down on

-the Haywood side into Big Pigeon river. It is properly the name of

-the ridge only, and seems to refer to a "fringe standing erect,"

-apparently from the appearance of the timber growing in streaks

-along the side of the mountain; from wadalu`yata, fringe, gadu`ta,

-"standing up in a row or series."

-

-gahawi`siti--parched corn.

-

-Gahuti (Gahu`ta and Gwahu`ti in dialect forms)--Cohutta mountains in

-Murray Co., Ga. The name comes from gahuta`yi, "ashed roof supported

-on poles", and refers to a fancied resemblance in the summit.

-

-Gakati`yi--"place of setting fire"; something spoken in the plural

-form, Diga`kati`yi, "place of the setting free." A point on Tuckasegee

-river, about three miles above Bryson City, in Swain Co., N. C.

-

-gaktun`ta--an injunction, command or rule, more particularly a

-prohibition or ceremonial tabu. Tsiga`te`gu. "I am observing an

-injunction or tabu"; adakte`gi, "he is under tabu regulations."

-

-Galagi`na--a male deer (buck) or turkey (gobbler); in the first sense

-the name is sometimes used also for the large horned beetle (Dynastes

-tityus). The Indian name of Elias Boudinot, first Cherokee editor.

-

-gali`sgisida`hu--"I am dancing about"; from gali`sgia, "I am dancing,"

-and edahu, "I am going about."

-

-galunkw`ti`yo--honored; sacred; used in the bible to mean holy,

-hallowed.

-

-galun`lati--above, on high.

-

-gane`ga--skin.

-

-ganidawa`ski--"the champion catchfly" or "rattlesnake's master"

-(Silene stellata); the name signifies "it disjoints itself," from

-ganidawsku`, "it is unjointing itself," on account of the peculiar

-manner in which the dried stalk breaks off at the joints.

-

-Gansagi (or Gansagiyi)--the name of several former settlements in

-the old Cherokee country; it cannot be analyzed. One of this name was

-upon Tuckasegee river, a short distance above the present Webster, in

-Jackson Co., N. C.; another was on the lower part of Canasauga creek,

-in McMinn Co., Tenn.; a third was at the junction of Conasauga and

-Coosawatee rivers, where afterwards was located the Cherokee capital,

-New Echota, in Gordon Co., Ga.; a fourth, mentioned in the De Soto

-narratives as Canasoga or Canasagua, was located in 1540 on the

-upper Chattahoochee river, possibly in the neighborhood of Kennesaw

-mountain, Ga.

-

-Gansa`ti`yi--"robbing place," from tsina`sahunsku, "I am robbing

-him." Vengeance creek of Valley river in Cherokee Co., N. C. The name

-vengeance was originally a white man's nickname for an old Cherokee

-woman, of forbidding aspect, who lived there before the Removal.

-

-Ganse`ti--a rattle; as the Cherokee dance rattle is made from the

-gourd, the masculine name, Ganse`ti, is usually rendered by the whites,

-"rattling-gourd."

-

-gatausti--the wheel and stick of the Southern tribes, incorrectly

-called nettecwaw by Timberlake.

-

-Gategwa`--for Gategwa`hi, possibly a contraction of Igat(I)-egwa`hi,

-"Great-swamp, "thicket place." A high peak southeast from Franklin,

-Macon Co., N. C., and perhaps identical with Fodderstack mountain.

-

-ga`tsu--see hatlu`.

-

-Gatu`gitse`yi (abbreviated Gatu`gitse`)--"New-settlement place,"

-from gatu`gi or agatu`gi, town, settlement, itsehi, new, especially

-applied to new vegetation, and yi, the locative. A former settlement

-on Cartoogaja creek near the present Franklin, in Macon Co., N. C.

-

-Gatugi`yi--"Town building place," or "Settlement place," from gatu`gi,

-a settlement, and yi, locative. A place on Santeetla creek, near

-Robbinsville, in Graham Co., N. C.

-

-Gatun`iti`yi--"Hemp place," from Gatun`lati, "wild hemp" (Apocynum

-cannabinum), and yi, locative. A former Cherokee settlement, commonly

-known as Hemptown, on the creek of the same name, near Morgantown,

-in Fannin Co., Ga.

-

-Gatun`wa`li--a noted western Cherokee, about 1842, known to the whites

-as Hardmush or Big-Mush.

-

-Gatun`wa`li, from ga`tu`, "bread," and unwa`li, "made into balls or

-lumps," is a sort of mush or parched corn meal, made very thick, so

-that it can be dipped out in lumps almost of the consistency of bread.

-

-ge`i--down stream, down the road, with the current; tsa`gi, up stream.

-

-gese`i--was; a separate word which, when used after the verb in the

-present tense, makes it past tense without change of form; in the

-form hi`gese`i it usually accompanies an emphatic repetition.

-

-Ge`yagu`ga (for Age`hya`-guga?)--a formulistic name for the moon

-(nun`da`); it cannot be analyzed, but seems to contain the word

-age`hya, "woman." See also nun`da`.

-

-gi`ga--blood; cf. gi`gage`i, red.

-

-gi`ga-danegi`ski--"blood taker," from gi`ga, blood, and ada`negi`ski,

-"one who takes liquids," from tsi`negia` (liquid). Another name for

-the tsane`ni or scorpion lizard.

-

-gi`gage`i--red, bright red, scarlet; the brown-red of certain animals

-and clays is distinguished as wa`dige`i.

-

-gi`ga-tsuha`li--"bloody-mouth," literally "having blood on the corners

-of his mouth"; from gi`ga, blood, and tsuhanunsi`yi, the corners of

-the mouth (aha`li, his mouth). A large lizard, probably the pleistodon.

-

-gili--dog; the Lower dialect, gi`ri.

-

-Gili-dinehun`yi--"where the dogs live," from gili, dog, dinehu`,

-"they dwell" (ehu, "I dwell"), and yi, locative. A place on Oconaluftee

-river, a short distance above the present Cherokee in Swain Co., N. C.

-

-Gi`li`-utsun`stanun`yi--"where the dog ran," from gili`, dog, and

-Utsun`stanun`yi, "footprints made by an animal running"; the Milky way.

-

-ginunti--a song form for gunu`tii`, "to lay him (animate object)

-upon the ground."

-

-giri--see gi`li`.

-

-Gisehun`yi--"where the female lives," from agi`si, female, and yi,

-locative. A place on Tuckasegee river a short distance above Bryson

-City, in Swain Co., N. C.

-

-git`lu--hair. (Upper dialect); in Lower and Middle dialects gitsu.

-

-Glass, The--see Ta`gwadihi`.

-

-Gohoma--A Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; the form cannot be identified.

-

-Going-snake--see I`naduna`i.

-

-Gorhaleka--a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; the form cannot be

-identified.

-

-Great Island--see Amayel-e`gwa.

-

-Gregory Bald--see Tsistu`yi.

-

-Guachoula--see Guaxule.

-

-Guaquila (Waki la)--a town in the Cherokee country, visited by De

-Soto in 1540, and again in 1567 by Pardo, who calls it Aguaquiri,

-and the name may have a connection with waguli, "Whippoorwill,"

-or with u`wa`gi`li, "foam."

-

-Guasula--see Guaxule.

-

-Gusila--see Guaxule.

-

-Guaxule--a town in Cherokee county, visited in 1540 by De Soto. It

-was probably about at Nacoochee mound in White Co., Ga.

-

-gu`day`wu--"I have sewed myself together"; "I am sewing," tsiye`wia`;

-"I am sewing myself together."

-

-gugwe`--the quail or partridge.

-

-gugwe`ulasu`la--"partridge moccasin," from guewe, partridge, and

-ulasula, moccasin or shoe; the lady slipper.

-

-Gulahi`yi (abbreviated Gulahi`, or Gurahi`, in the Lower

-dialect)--"Gula`hi place," so-called from the unidentified spring plant

-eaten as a salad by the Cherokee. The name of two or more places in the

-old Cherokee country; one about Currahee mountain, in Habersham Co.,

-Ga., the other on Cullowhee river, an upper branch of Tuckasegee, in

-Jackson Co., N. C. Currahee Dick was a noted chief about the year 1820.

-

-Gu`lani`yi--a Cherokee and Natchez settlement, formerly about the

-junction of Brasstown creek with Hiwassee river, a short distance above

-Murphy, in Cherokee Co., N. C. The etymology of the word is doubtful.

-

-gule`--acorn.

-

-gule`diska`nihi--the turtle-dove; literally "it cries, or mourns,

-for acorns," from gule, acorn, and diska`nihi`, "it cries for them,"

-(di-. plural prefix, hi, habitual suffix). The turtle-dove feeds upon

-acorns and its cry somewhat resembles the name, gule.

-

-gule`gi--"climber," from tsilahi, "I climb" (second person, hi`lahi;

-third person, gulahi); the blacksnake.

-

-Gul`kala`ski--an earlier name for Tsunu`lahun`ski, q. v.

-

-gul`kwa`gi--seven; also the mole-cricket.

-

-gul`kwa`gine(-i)--seventh; from gul`kwagi, seven.

-

-Gulsadihi (or Gultsadihi`?) a masculine name of uncertain etymology.

-

-gunahi`ti--long.

-

-Gu`nahitun`yi--Long place (i. e., Long valley), from gunahi`ti,

-long, and yi, locative. A former settlement known to the whites as

-Valleytown, where now is the town of the same name on Valley river in

-Cherokee Co., N. C. The various settlements on Valley river and the

-adjacent part of Hiwassee were known collectively as "Valley towns."

-

-Gun`di`gaduhun`yi (abbreviated Gun`-digadu`hun)--"Turkey settlement"

-(gu`na, turkey), so-called from the chief, Turkey or Little Turkey. A

-former settlement, known to the whites as Turkeytown, upon the

-west bank of Coosa river, opposite the present Center, in Cherokee,

-Co., Ala.

-

-gu`ni--arrow. Cf. Senica, ga`na.

-

-gun`nage`i (or gun`nage) black.

-

-Gunne`hi--see Nunne`hi.

-

-Gunskali`ski--a masculine personal name of uncertain etymology.

-

-Gunters Landing, Guntersville--see Ku`sa-Nunna`hi.

-

-Gun-tuskwa`li--"short arrows," from guni, arrow, and tsuskwa`li,

-plural of uska`li, short; a traditional western tribe.

-

-Gunun`da`le`gi--see Nunna-hi`dihi.

-

-Gusti`--a traditional Cherokee settlement on Tennessee river, near

-Kingston, Roane Co., Tenn. The name cannot be analyzed.

-

-Gu`wisguwi`--The Cherokee name of the chief John Ross, and for the

-district named in his honor, commonly spelled Cooweescoowee. Properly

-an onomatope for a large bird said to have been seen formerly at

-infrequent intervals in the old Cherokee country, accompanying the

-migratory wild geese, and described as resembling a large snipe,

-with yellow legs and unwebbed feet. In boyhood John Ross was known

-as Tsan`usdi, "Little John."

-

-Gwal`ga`hi--"Frog-place," from gwal`gu, a variety of frog, and hi,

-locative. A place on Hiwassee river, just above the junction of

-Peachtree creek, near Murphy, in Cherokee Co., N. C.; about 1755 the

-site of a village of refugee Natchez, and later of a Baptist mission.

-

-gwehe`--a cricket's cry.

-

-

-

-Ha!--an introductory exclamation intended to attract attention or

-add emphasis; about equivalent to Here! Now!

-

-Ha`-ma`ma`--a song term compounded of ha! an introductory exclamation,

-and mama`, a word which has no analysis, but is used in speaking to

-young children to mean "let me carry you on my back."

-

-Hanging-maw--see Uskwa`li-gu`ta.

-

-ha`nia-lil`-lil`--an unmeaning dance refrain.

-

-Hard-mush--see Gatun`wali.

-

-ha`tlu--dialectic form, ga`tsu, "where?" (interrogative).

-

-ha`wiye`ehi`, ha`wiye`hyuwe`--unmeaning dance refrains.

-

-hayu`--an emphatic affirmative, about equivalent to "Yes, sir."

-

-hayuya`haniwa`--an unmeaning refrain in one of the bear songs.

-

-he-e!--an unmeaning song introduction.

-

-Hemp-carrier--see Tale`danigi`ski.

-

-Hemptown--see Gatunlti`yi.

-

-hi!--unmeaning dance exclamation.

-

-Hickory-log--see Wane`-asun`tlunyi.

-

-hi`gina`lii--"(you are) my friend"; afina`lii, "(he is) my friend." In

-white man's jargon, canaly.

-

-Hightower--see I`tawa`.

-

-hila`gu?--how many? how much? (Upper dialect); the Middle dialect

-form is hungu`.

-

-hilahi`yu--long ago; the final yu makes it more emphatic.

-

-hi`lunnu--"(thou) go to sleep"; from tsi`lihu`, "I am asleep."

-

-hi`ski--five; cf. Mohawk wisk. The Cherokee numerals including 10 are

-as follows: sa`gwu, ta`li, tsa`i, nun`gi, hi`ski, su`tali, gul kwa`gi,

-tsune`la, aska`hi

-

-Hiwassee--Ayuhwa`si.

-

-hi`yagu`we--an unmeaning dance refrain.

-

-Houston, Samuel--see Ka`lanu.

-

-huhu--the yellow-breasted chat, or yellow mocking bird (Icteria

-virens); the name is an onomatope.

-

-hunyahu`ska--"he will die."

-

-hwi`lahi`--"thou (must) go."

-

-

-

-Iau`nigu--an important Cherokee settlement, commonly known to the

-whites as Seneca, formerly on Keowee river, about the mouth of

-Conneross creek, in Oconee county, S. C. Hopewell, the country seat

-of General Pickens, where the famous treaty was made, was near it on

-the east side of the river. The word cannot be translated, but has

-no connection with the tribal name, Seneca.

-

-igagu`ti--daylight. The name is sometimes applied to the ulunsu`ti

-(q. v.) and also to the clematis vine.

-

-i`hya--the cane reed (Arundinaria) of the Gulf states, used by the

-Indians for blow-guns, fishing rods and basketry.

-

-ihya`ga--see atsil`sunti.

-

-inadu`--snake.

-

-I`nadu-na`i--"Going snake," a Cherokee chief prominent about eighty

-years ago. The name properly signifies that the person is "going along

-in company with a snake," the verbal part being from the irregular

-verb asta`i, "I am going along with him." The name has been given to

-a district of the present Cherokee Nation.

-

-i`nage`hi--dwelling in the wilderness, an inhabitant of the wilderness;

-from i`nage`i "wilderness," and ehi, habitual present form of ehu,

-"he is dwelling"; ge`u, "I am dwelling."

-

-I`nage-utasun`hi--"he who grew up in the wilderness," i. e., "He who

-grew up wild"; from i`nage`i, "wilderness, unoccupied timber land," and

-utasun`hi, the third person perfect of the irregular verb ga`tunsku`,

-"I am growing up."

-

-Ina`li--Black-fox; the common red fox in tsu`la (in Muscogee,

-chula). Black-fox was principal chief of the Cherokee Nation in 1810.

-

-Iskagua--Name for "Clear Sky," formerly "Nenetooyah or the Bloody

-Fellow." The name appears thus in a document of 1791 as that of

-a Cherokee chief frequently mentioned about that period under the

-name of "Bloody Fellow." In one treaty it is given as "Eskaqua or

-Bloody Fellow." Both forms and etymologies are doubtful, neither form

-seeming to have any reference either to "sky" (galun`lahi) or "blood"

-(gi`ga). The first may be intended for Ik-e`gwa, "Great day."

-

-Istanare--see Ustana`li.

-

-Itaba--see I`tawa`.

-

-Itagu`nahi--the Cherokee name of John Ax.

-

-I`tawa`--The name of one or more Cherokee settlements. One,

-which existed until the Removal in 1838, was upon Etowah river,

-about the present Hightower, in Forsyth county, Ga. Another may

-have been on Hightower creek of Hiwassee river in Towns county,

-Ga. The name, commonly written Etowah and corrupted to Hightower,

-cannot be translated and seems not to be of Cherokee origin. A town,

-called Itaba, Ytaun or Ytava in the De Soto chronicles, existed in

-1540 among the Creeks, apparently on Alabama river.

-

-Itsa`ti--commonly spelled Echota, Chota, Chote, Choquata (misprint),

-etc.; a name occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country;

-the meaning is lost. The most important settlement of this name,

-frequently distinguished as Great Echota, was on the south side of

-Little Tennessee. It was the ancient capital and sacred "Peace town"

-of the Nation. Little Echota was on Sautee (i. e., Its`ti) creek,

-a head stream of the Chattahoochee, west of Clarksville, Ga. New

-Echota, the capital of the Nation for some years before the Removal,

-was established at a spot originally known as Gansa`gi (q. v.) at the

-junction of the Oostanaula and Canasauga rivers, in Gordon county,

-Ga. It was sometimes called Newton. The old Macedonia mission on

-Soco creek, of the N. C. reservation, is also known as Itas`ti to

-the Cherokee, as was also the great Nacoochee mound. See Nagutsi`.

-

-Itse`yi--"New green place" or "Place of fresh green," from itse`hi,

-"green or unripe vegetation," and yi, the locative; applied more

-particularly to a tract of ground made green by fresh springing

-vegetation, after having been cleared of timber or burned over. A name

-occurring in several places in the Old Cherokee country, variously

-written Echia, Echoee, Etchowee, and sometimes also falsely rendered

-"Brasstown," from a confusion of Itse`yi with untsaiyi`, "brass." One

-settlement of this name was upon Brasstown creek of Tugaloo river,

-in Oconee county, S. C.; another was on Little Tennessee river near

-the present Franklin, Macon county, N. C., and probably about the

-junction of Cartoogaja (Gatug-itse`yi) creek; a third, known to the

-whites as Brasstown, was on upper Brasstown creek of Hiwassee river,

-in Towns county, Ga. In Cherokee, as in most other Indian languages,

-no clear distinction is made between green and blue.

-

-i`ya--pumpkin.

-

-i`ya`-iuy`sti--"like a pumpkin," from i`ya and iyu`sti, like.

-

-i`ya`-tawi`skage--"of pumpkin smoothness," from i`ya, pumpkin, and

-tawi`skage, smooth.

-

-

-

-Jackson--see Tsek`sini`.

-

-Jessan--see Tsesa`ni.

-

-Jesse Reid--see Tse`si-Ska`tsi.

-

-Joanna Bald--see Diya`hali`yi.

-

-Joara, Juada--see Ani`-Sawa`li.

-

-John--see Tsa`ni.

-

-John Ax--see Itagu`nahi.

-

-Jolly, John--see Anu`lude`gi.

-

-Junaluska--see Tsunu`lahun`ski.

-

-Jutaculla--see Tsulkalu`.

-

-

-

-ka`gu`--crow; the name is an onomatope.

-

-Kagun`yi--"Crow place," from ka`gu`, and yi, locative.

-

-ka`i--grease, oil.

-

-Kala`asun`yi--"where he fell off," from tsila`asku`, "I am falling

-off," and yi, locative. A cliff near Cold Spring knob, in Swain county,

-North Carolina.

-

-Ka`lahu`--"All-bones," from ka`lu, bone. A former chief of the East

-Cherokee, also known in the tribe as Sawanu`gi.

-

-Ka`lanu--"The Raven"; the name was used as a war title in the tribe

-and appears in the old documents as Corani (Lower dialect, Ka`ranu)

-Colonneh, Colona, etc. It is the Cherokee name for General Samuel

-Houston or for any person named Houston.

-

-Ka`lanu Ahyeli`ski--the Raven Mocker.

-

-Ka`lanun`yi--"Raven place," from ka`lanu, raven, and yi, the

-locative. The proper name of Big-cove settlement upon the East Cherokee

-reservation, Swain county, N. C., sometimes also called Raventown.

-

-kalas`-gunahi`ta--"long hams" (gunahi`ta, "long"); a variety of bear.

-

-Kal-detsi`yunyi--"where the bones are," from ka`lu, bone, and

-detsi`yunyi, "where (yi) they (de--plural prefix) are lying." A spot

-near the junction of East Buffalo Creek with Cheowa river, in Graham

-county, N. C.

-

-kama`ma--butterfly.

-

-kama`ma u`tanu--elephant; literally "great butterfly," from the

-resemblance of the trunk and ears to the butterfly's proboscis

-and wings.

-

-kanaha`na--a sour corn gruel, much in use among the Cherokee and

-other Southern tribes; the tamfuli or "Tom Fuller" of the Creeks.

-

-kanane`ski--spider; also, from a fancied resemblance in appearance

-to a watch or clock.

-

-kanane`ski amaye`hi--the water spider.

-

-Kana`sta, Kanastun`yi--a traditional Cherokee settlement, formerly on

-the head-waters of the French Broad river, near the present Brevard,

-in Transylvania county, North Carolina. The meaning of the first name

-is lost. A settlement called Cannostee or Cannastion is mentioned as

-existing on Hiwassee river in 1776.

-

-kana`talu`hi--hominy cooked with walnut kernels.

-

-Kana`ti--"Lucky Hunter"; a masculine name, sometimes abbreviated

-Kanat`. The word cannot be analyzed, but is used as a third person

-habitual verbal form to mean "he is lucky, or successful, in hunting";

-the opposite is ukwa`legu, "unlucky, or unsuccessful, in hunting."

-

-kanegwa`ti--the water-moccasin snake.

-

-Kanuga--also written Canuga; a Lower Cherokee settlement, apparently

-on the waters of Keowee river, in S. C., destroyed in 1751; also

-a traditional settlement on Pigeon river, probably near the present

-Waynesville, in Haywood county, N. C. The name signifies "a scratcher,"

-a sort of bone-toothed comb with which ball-players are scratched

-upon their naked skin preliminary to applying the conjured medicine;

-de`tsinuga`sku, "I am scratching it."

-

-kanugu` la (abbreviated nungu` la)--"scratcher," a generic term for

-blackberry, raspberry, and other brier bushes.

-

-Kanu`gulayi, or Kanu`gulun`yi--"Brier place," from kanugu`la, brier

-(cf. Kanu`ga); a Cherokee settlement formerly on Nantahala river,

-about the mouth of Briertown creek, in Macon county, N. C.

-

-Kanun`nawu`--pipe.

-

-Kasdu`yi--"Ashes place," from kasdu, ashes, and yi, the locative. A

-modern Cherokee name for the town of Asheville, Buncombe county,

-N. C. The ancient name for the same site is Unta`kiyasti`yi, q. v.

-

-Katal`sta--an East Cherokee woman potter, the daughter of the chief

-Yanagun`ski. The name conveys the idea of lending, from tsiyatal`sta,

-"I lend it"; agatal`sta, "it is lent to him."

-

-Kawan`-ura`sunyi--(abbreviated Kawan`-ura`sun in the Lower

-dialect)--"where the duck fell," from kawa`na, duck, ura`sa (ula`sa),

-"it fell," and yi, locative. A point on Conneross creek (from

-Kawan`-ura`sun), near Seneca, in Oconee county, S. C.

-

-Kawi`yi (abbreviated Kawi`)--a former important Cherokee settlement

-commonly known as Cowee, about the mouth of Cowee creek of Little

-Tennessee river, some 10 miles below Franklin, in Macon county,

-N. C. The name may possibly be a contraction of Ani`-Kawi`yi, "Place

-of the Deer clan."

-

-Keeowhee--see Keowee.

-

-Kenesaw--see Gansa`gi.

-

-Keowee--the name of two or more former Cherokee settlements. One

-sometimes distinguished as "Old Keowee," the principal of the Lower

-Cherokee towns, was on the river of the same name, near the present

-Fort George, in Oconee county, of S. C. Another, distinguished as New

-Keowee, was on the head-waters of Twelve-mile creek, in Pickens county,

-S. C. According to Wafford the correct form is Kuwahi`yi, abbreviated

-Kuwahi`, "Mulberry-grove place." Says Wafford, "the whites murdered

-the name as they always do." Cf. Kuwa`hi.

-

-Ke`si-ka`gamu--a woman's name, a Cherokee corruption of Cassie Cockran;

-ka`gamu is also the Cherokee corruption for "cucumber."

-

-Ketoowah--see Kilu`hwa.

-

-Kittuwa--see Kitu`hwa.

-

-Kitu`hwa--an important ancient Cherokee settlement formerly upon

-Tuckasegee river, and extending from above the junction of Oconaluftee

-down nearly to the present Bryson City, in Swain county, N. C. The

-name, which appears also as Kettooah, Kittoa, Kittowa, etc., has lost

-its meaning. The people of this and the subordinate settlements on the

-waters of the Tuckasegee were known as Ani`-Kitu`hwagi, and the name

-was frequently extended to include the whole tribe. For this reason

-it was adopted in later times as the name of the Cherokee secret

-organization, commonly known to the whites as the Ketoowah society,

-pledged to the defense of Cherokee autonomy.

-

-kiyu ga--ground-squirrel; te`wa, flying squirrel; sala`li, gray

-squirrel.

-

-Klausuna--see Tlanusi`yi.

-

-Knoxville--see Kuwanda`ta lun`yi.

-

-ku!--an introductory explanation, to fix attention, about equivalent to

-"Now!"

-

-kuku`--"cymbling"; also the "jigger weed," or "pleurisy root"

-(Asclepias tuberosa). Coco creek of Hiwassee river, and Coker

-post-office, in Monroe county, Tennessee, derive their name from

-this word.

-

-Kulsetsi`yi (abbreviated Kulse`tsi)--"Honey-locust place," from

-kulse`tsi, honey-locust (Gleditschia) and yi, locative; as the

-same word, kulse` tsi, is also used for "sugar," the local name has

-commonly been rendered Sugartown by the traders. The name of several

-former settlement places in the old Cherokee country. One was upon

-Keowee river, near the present Fall creek, in Oconee county, S. C.;

-another was on Sugartown or Cullasagee (Kulse`tsi) creek, near the

-present Franklin, in Macon county, N. C.; a third was on Sugartown

-creek, near the present Morgantown, in Fannin county, Ga.

-

-Kunnesee--see Tsi`yu-gunsi`ni.

-

-Kunstutsi`yi--"Sassafras place," from kunstu`tsi, sassafras, and yi,

-locative. A gap in the Great Smoky range, about the head of Noland

-creek, on the line between North Carolina and Sevier county, Tenn.

-

-kunu`nu (abbreviated kunun`)--the bullfrog; the name is probably an

-onomatope; the common green frog is wala`si and there are also names

-for several other varieties of frogs and toads.

-

-Kusa`--Coosa creek, an upper tributary of Nottely river, near

-Blairsville, Union county, Georgia. The change of accent from Ku`sa

-(Creek, see Ani`-Ku`sa) makes it locative.

-

-Ku`sa-nunna`hi--"Creek trail," from Ku`sa, Creek Indian, and Nunna`hi,

-path, trail; cf. Suwa`li-nunna`hi. A former important Cherokee

-settlement, including also a number of Creeks and Shawano, where the

-trail from the Ohio region to the creek country crossed Tennessee

-river, at the present Guntersville, in Marshall county, Ala. It was

-known to the traders as Creek-path, and later as Gunter's landing,

-from a Cherokee mixed-blood named Gunter.

-

-Ku`swati`yi (abbreviated Ku`saweti`)--"Old Creek place," from

-Ku`sa, a Creek Indian (plural Ani`-ku`sa), uwe`ti, old, and yi,

-locative. Coosawatee, an important Cherokee settlement formerly on

-the lower part of Coosawatee river, in Gordon county, Ga. In one

-document the name appears, by error, Tensawattee.

-

-Kuwa`hi--"Mulberry place," from ku`wa, mulberry tree, and hi,

-locative. Clingman's dome, about the head of Deep creek, on the

-Great Smoky range, between Swain county, N. C., and Sevier county,

-Tenn. See also Keowee.

-

-Kuwanda`ta lun`yi (abbreviated Kuwanda`ta lun)--"Mulberry grove," from

-ku`wa, mulberry; the Cherokee name for the present site of Knoxville,

-in Knox county, Tenn.

-

-Kwa`li, Kwalun`yi--Qualla or Quallatown, the former agency for the East

-Cherokee and now a post-office station, just outside the reservation,

-on a branch of Soco creek, in Jackson county, North Carolina. It is

-the Cherokee form for "Polly," and the station was so-called from an

-old woman of that name who formerly lived near by; Kwa`li, "Polly"

-Kwalun`yi, "Polly's place." The reservation is locally known as the

-Qualla boundary.

-

-kwandaya`hu--see da`liksta`.

-

-

-

-la`lu--the jar-fly (Cicada auletes).

-

-Little Carpenter, Little Cornplanter--see Ata`-gul kalu`.

-

-Long-hair--a Cherokee chief living with his band in Ohio in 1795. The

-literal Cherokee translation of "Long-hair" is Gitlu`gunahi`ta,

-but it is not certain that the English name is a correct rendering

-of the Indian form. Cf. Ani`-Gila`hi.

-

-Long Island--see Amaye li-gunahi`ta.

-

-Lookout Mountain Town--see Danda`ganu`.

-

-Lowrey, Major George--see Agili.

-

-

-

-Mayes, J. B.--see Tsa`wa Gak`ski.

-

-Memphis--see Tsuda`talesun`yi.

-

-Mialaquo--see Amaye l-e`gwa.

-

-Moses--see Wa`si.

-

-Moytoy--a Cherokee chief recognized by the English as "emperor" in

-1730. Both the correct form and the meaning of the name are uncertain;

-the name occurs again as Moyatoy in a document of 1793; a boy upon the

-East Cherokee reservation a few years ago bore the name of Ma`tayi`,

-for which no meaning can be found or given.

-

-Mussel Shoals--see Dagu`nahi.

-

-

-

-Nacoochee--see Na`gu tsi.

-

-Na`duli--known to the whites as Nottely. A former Cherokee settlement

-on Nottely river, close to the Georgia line, in Cherokee county,

-N. C. The name cannot be translated and has not any connection with

-na tu li, "spicewood."

-

-Na`gu tsi`--a former important settlement about the junction of Soquee

-and Santee rivers, in Nacoochee valley, at the head of Chattahoochee

-river, in Habersham county, Ga. The meaning of the word is lost and it

-is doubtful if it be of Cherokee origin. It may have some connection

-with the name of the Uchee Indians. The great mound farther up Sautee

-river, in White county, was known to the Cherokee as Itsa`ti.

-

-nakwisi` (abbreviated nakusi)--star; also the meadow lark.

-

-nakwisi` usdi`--"little star"; the puffball fungus (Lycoperdon?).

-

-Na`na-tlu gun`yi (abbreviated Na`na-tlu gun`, or Na`na-tsu

-gun`)--"Spruce-tree place," from na`na, spruce, tlu gun`i, or tsu

-gun`i, a tree (standing) and yi, locative, 1. A traditional ancient

-Cherokee settlement on the site of Jonesboro, Washington county,

-Tenn. The name of Nolichucky river is probably a corruption of the

-same word. 2. Nan-tsu gun, a place on Nottely river, close to its

-junction with Hiwassee, in Cherokee county, N. C.

-

-Nanehi--see Nunne`hi.

-

-Nantahala--see Nundaye` li.

-

-Nashville--see Dagu`nawe`lahi.

-

-Natchez--see Ani`-Na'tsi.

-

-Nats-asun`tlunyi (abbreviated Nats-asun`tlun)--"Pine-footing place,"

-from na'tsi, pine, asun`tli or asun-tlun`i, footlog, bridge, and yi,

-locative. A former Cherokee settlement, commonly known as Pinelog,

-on the creek of the same name, in Bartow county, Georgia.

-

-na'tsi--pine.

-

-na`tsiku`--"I eat it" (tsi`kiu`, "I am eating").

-

-na tu li--spicewood (Lindera benzoin).

-

-Naye`hi--see Nunne`hi.

-

-Nayunuwi--see Nunyunu`wi.

-

-nehanduyanu`--a song form for nehadu`yanu`, an irregular verbal form

-denoting "conceived in the womb."

-

-Nellawgitehi--given as the name of a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684. The

-correct form and meaning are both uncertain, but the final part seems

-to be the common suffix didi`, "killer." Cf. Ta`gwadiahi`.

-

-Nenetooyah--see Iskagua.

-

-Nequassee--see Ki`kwasi`.

-

-Nettecawaw--see Gatayu`sti.

-

-Nettle-carrier--see Tale`danigi`ski.

-

-New Echota, Newtown--see Itsa`ti.

-

-Nickajack--see Nikutse`gi.

-

-Nicotani--see Ani`-Kuta`ni.

-

-Nikwasi` (or Nikwsi`)--an important ancient settlement on Little

-Tennessee river, where now is the town of Franklin, in Macon county,

-N. C. A large mound marks the site of the town-house. The name appears

-in old documents as Nequassee, Nucassee, etc. Its meaning is lost.

-

-Nikutse`gi (also Nukatse`gi, Nikwatse`gi, or abbreviated

-Nikutseg`)--Nickajack, an important Cherokee settlement, about 1790,

-on the south bank of Tennessee river, at the entrance of Nickajack

-creek, in Marion county, Tenn. One of the Five Chickamauga towns (see

-Tsikama`gi). The meaning of the word is lost and it is probably not

-of Cherokee origin, although it occurs also in the tribe as a man's

-name. In the corrupted form of "Nigger Jack," it occurs also as the

-name of a creek of Cullasaja river above Franklin, in Macon county,

-N. C.

-

-Nilaque--see Amaye l-e`gwa.

-

-Nolichucky--see Na`na-tlugun`yi.

-

-Notchy--a creek entering Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tenn. The

-name evidently refers to Natchez Indian refugees, who formerly lived

-in the vicinity (see Ani`-Na'tsi).

-

-Nottely--see Na`duli`.

-

-nu--used as a suffix to denote "and," or "also"; u`le-nu, "and also"

-na`ski-nu`, "and that," "that also."

-

-Nucassee--see Nikwasi`.

-

-nu`dunnelu`--he did so and so: an irregular form apparently connected

-with the archaic forms adunni`ga, "it has just become so," and udunnu,

-"it is matured, or finished."

-

-Nugatsa`ni--a ridge sloping down to Oconaluftee river, below Cherokee,

-in Swain county, N. C. An archaic form denoting a high ridge with a

-long gradual slope.

-

-nu`na--potato; the name was originally applied to the wild "pig potato"

-(Phaseolus), now distinguished as mu`na igatehi, "swamp-dwelling

-potato."

-

-nun`da--the sun or moon, distinguished as unu`da` ige`hi, nun`da`

-"dwelling in the day," and nun`da` sunna`yehi, nun`da "dwelling in

-the night." In the sacred formulas the moon is sometimes called Ge

-yagu`ga, or Su`talidihi, "Six-keller," names apparently founded upon

-myths now lost.

-

-nun`da`-dikani--a rare bird formerly seen occasionally in the

-old Cherokee country, possibly the little blue heron (Floridus

-cerulea). The name seems to mean "it looks at the sun," i. e.,

-"sun-gazer," from nun`da`, sun, and da`ka na` or detsi`ka na, "I am

-looking at it."

-

-Nundawe`gi--see Ani`-Nundawe`gi.

-

-Nun`daye li--"Middle (i. e., Noonday) sun," from nunda`, sun and

-aye li, middle; a former Cherokee settlement on Nantahala river,

-near the present Jarrett station, in Macon county, N. C., so-called

-from the high cliffs which shut out the view of the sun until nearly

-noon. The name appears also as Nantahala, Nantiyallee, Nuntialla,

-etc. It appears to have been applied properly only to the point on the

-river where the cliffs are most perpendicular, while the settlement

-itself was known as Kanu`gu la`yi, "Briertown," q. v.

-

-Nun`dagun`yi, Nunda`yi--the Sun land, or east; from nun`da`, sun, and

-yi, locative. Used in the sacred formulas instead of di`galungun`yi,

-"where it rises," the common word.

-

-nun`gi--four. See hi`ski.

-

-nungu la--see kanugu` la.

-

-nunna`hi (abbreviated nunna)--a path, trail or road.

-

-Nunna`hi-dihi` (abbreviated Nun`na-dihi`)--"Path-killer," literally,

-"he kills (habitually) in the path," from nun`nahi, path, and ahihi`,

-"he kills" (habitually); "I am killing," tsi`ihu`. A principal chief,

-about the year 1813. Major John Ridge was originally known by the

-same name, but afterward took the name, Gunun`da le`gi, "One who

-follows the ridge," which the whites made simply ridge.

-

-Nunna`hi-tsune`ga (abbreviated) Nunna-tsune`ga--"white-path,"

-from nunna`hi, path, and tsune`ga, plural of une`ga, white; the

-form is the plural, as is common in Indian names, and has probably

-a symbolic reference to the "white" or peaceful paths spoken of in

-the opening invocation at the green corn dance. A noted chief who

-led the conservative party about 1828.

-

-Nunne`hi (also Gunne`hi; singular Naye`hi)--a race of invisible spirit

-people. The name is derived from the verb e`hu`, "I dwell, I live,"

-e`hi`, "I dwell habitually," and may be rendered "dwellers anywhere,"

-or "those who live anywhere," but implies having always been there,

-i. e., "Immortals." It has been spelled Nanehi and Nuhnayie by

-different writers. The singular form Naye`hi occurs also as a personal

-name, about equivalent to Eda`hi, "One who goes about."

-

-Nuniyu`sti--"potato-like," from nu`na, potato, and iyu`sti, like. A

-flowering vine with tuberous root somewhat resembling the potato.

-

-Nunyu`--rock, stone.

-

-Nunyu`-gunwam`ski--"Rock that talks," from nunyu`, rock, and

-tsiwa`nihu, "I am talking." A rock from which Talking-rock creek of

-Coosawatee river, in Georgia, derives its name.

-

-Nun`yunu`wi--contracted from Nunyu-unu`wi. "Stone-clad," from nunyu,

-rock, and agwaun`wu, "I am clothed or covered." A mythic monster,

-invulnerable by reason of his stony skin. The name is also applied

-sometimes to the stinging ant, dasuntali atatsunski, q. v. It has

-also been spelled Nayunuwi.

-

-Nunyu`-tlu guni (or Nunyu-tsu gun`i)--"Tree-rock," a notable rock on

-Hiwassee river, just within the N. C. line.

-

-Nunyu`-twi`ska--"Slick rock," from nunyu`, rock, and twiska, smooth,

-slick; the form remains unchanged for the locative. 1. Slick-rock

-creek, entering Little Tennessee river just within the west line

-of Graham county, N. C. 2. A place at the extreme head of Brasstown

-creek of Hiwassee river, in Towns county, Ga.

-

-

-

-Ocoee--see Uwaga`hi.

-

-Oconaluftee--see Egwanul ti.

-

-Oconee--see Ukwu`nu.

-

-Oconostota--see Agansta`ta.

-

-Old Tassel--see Utsi`dsata`.

-

-Ooltewah--see Ultiwa`i.

-

-Oostinaleh--see U`stana`li.

-

-Oothealoga--see Uy`gila`gi.

-

-Otacite, Otassite--see Outacity.

-

-Otari, Otariyatiqui--mentioned as a place, apparently on the Cherokee

-frontier, visited by Pardo in 1567. Otari seems to be the Cherokee

-atari or atali, mountain, but the rest of the word is doubtful.

-

-Ottare--see a`tali.

-

-Owasta--given as the name of a Cherokee chief in 1684; the form cannot

-be identified.

-

-Ougillogy--see Uy`gila`gi.

-

-Outacity--given in documents as the name or title of a prominent

-Cherokee chief about 1720. It appears also as Otacite, Ottassite,

-Outassatah, Wootassite and Wrosetasatow (!), but the form cannot

-be identified, although it seems to contain the personal name suffix

-diha`, "killer." Timberlake says: "There are some other honorary titles

-among them, conferred in reward of great actions; the first of which

-is Outacity or "Man-killer," and the second Colona or "The Raven."

-

-Outassatah--see Outacity.

-

-Owassa--see Ayuhwa`si.

-

-

-

-Paint-town--see Ani`-Wa`dihi`.

-

-Path-killer--see Nuna`hi-dihi`.

-

-Phoenix, Cherokee--see Tsule`hisanun`hi.

-

-Pigeon River--see Wayi.

-

-Pine Indians--see Ani`-Na'tsi.

-

-Pinelog--see Na ts-asun`tlunyi.

-

-

-

-Qualatchee--a former Cherokee settlement on the headwaters of the

-Chattahoochee river in Georgia; another of the same name was upon

-the waters of Keowee river in S. C. The correct form is unknown.

-

-Qualla--see Kwali.

-

-Quaxule--see Guaxule.

-

-Quinahaqui--a place, possibly in the Cherokee country, visited by

-Pardo in 1567. The form cannot be identified.

-

-Quoneashee--see Tlanusi`yi.

-

-

-

-Rattlesnake Springs--see Utsanatiyi.

-

-Rattling-Gourd--see Ganseti.

-

-Raventown--see Kalanun`yi.

-

-Red Clay--see Elawa`diyi.

-

-Reid, Jesse--see Tse`si-Ska`tsi.

-

-Ridge, Major John--see Nunna`hi-dihi`.

-

-Ross, John--see Gu`wisguwi`.

-

-Ross' Landing--see Tsatanu`gi.

-

-

-

-Sadayi`--a feminine name, the proper name of the woman known to the

-whites as Annie Ax; it cannot be translated.

-

-Sagwa`hi, or Sagwun`yi--"One place," from sa`gwu, one, and hi or

-yi, locative. Soco creek of Oconaluftee river, on the East Cherokee

-reservation, in Jackson county, N. C. No satisfactory reason is given

-for the name, which has its parallel in Tsaska`hi, "Thirty place,"

-a local name in Cherokee county, N. C.

-

-sa`gwalt`--horse; from asagwalihu, a pack or burden, asagwal lu`;

-"there is a pack on him."

-

-sa`gwali digu`lanahi`ta--mule; literally "long-eared horse," from

-sa`gwali, horse, and digu`lanahi`ta, q. v.

-

-saikwa`yi--bear-grass (Erynigium) also the greensnake, on account of

-a fancied resemblance; the name of a former Cherokee settlement on

-Sallacoa creek of Coosawatee river, in Gordon county, Ga.

-

-Sakwi`yi (or Suki`yi; abbreviated Sakwi` or Suki`)--a former settlement

-on Soquee river, a head stream of Chattahoochee, near Clarksville,

-Habersham county, Ga. Also written Saukee and Sookee. The name has

-lost its meaning.

-

-sala`li--squirrel; the common gray squirrel; other varieties are kiyu

-ga, the ground squirrel, and tewa, the flying squirrel; Sala`li was

-also the name of an East Cherokee inventor who died a few years ago;

-Sala`lani`ta` "Young-squirrels," is a masculine personal name on

-the reservation.

-

-saligu`gi--turtle, the common water turtle; soft-shell turtle,

-u`lana`wa; land tortoise or terrapin, tuksi`.

-

-Sa`nigila`gi (abbreviated San gila`gi)--Whiteside mountain, a

-prominent peak of the Blue Ridge, southeast from Franklin, Macon

-county, N. C. It is connected with the tradition of Utlun`ta.

-

-Santeetla--the present map name of a creek joining Cheiwa river

-in Graham county, N. C., and of a smaller tributary (Little

-Santeetla). The name is not recognized or understood by the Cherokee,

-who insist that it was given by the whites. Little Santeetla is known

-to the Cherokee as Tsundanilti`yi, q. v.; the modern Santeetla creek is

-commonly known as Nayu`higeyun`i, "Sand-place stream," from "Nuyu`hi,

-"Sand place" (nayu, sand), a former settlement just above the junction

-of the two creeks.

-

-Sara--see Ani`-Suwa`li.

-

-Sa`sa`--goose; an onomatope.

-

-Sautee--see Itsa`ti.

-

-Savannah--the popular name of this river is derived from that of the

-Shawano Indians, formerly living upon its middle course, and known to

-the Cherokee as Ani`Swanu`gi, q. v., to the Creeks as Savanuka, and

-to some of the coast tribes of Carolina as Savanna. In old documents

-the river is also called Isundiga, from Isu`nigu or Seneca, q. v.,

-an important former Cherokee settlement upon its upper waters.

-

-Sawanu`gi--"Shawano" (Indian); a masculine personal name upon the East

-Cherokee reservation and prominent in the history of the band. See

-Ani`Sawanu`gi and Ka`lahu`.

-

-Sawnook--see Ka`lahu`.

-

-Sehwate`yi--"Hornet place," from se`hwatu, hornet, and yi,

-locative. Cheowa Maximum and Swim Bald, adjoining bald peaks at the

-head of Cheowa river, Graham county, N. C.

-

-selu--corn; sometimes called in the sacred formulas Agawe`la, "The

-Old Woman."

-

-sel-utsi` (for selu-utsi`)--"corn's mother," from selu, corn, and

-utsi`, his mother (etsi` or agitsi`, my mother); the bead-corn or

-Job's-tears (Coix lacryma).

-

-Seneca--see Ani`-Nun`dawe`gi (Seneca tribe), and Isu`nigu. (Seneca

-town.)

-

-Sequatchee--see Si`gwetsi`.

-

-Sequoya--see Sikwayi.

-

-Setsi--a mound and traditional Cherokee settlement on the south side

-of the Valley river, about three miles below Valleytown, in Cherokee

-county, N. C.; the name has lost its meaning. A settlement called

-Tasetsi (Tassetchie in some old documents) existed on the extreme

-head of Hiwassee river, in Towns county, Ga.

-

-Sevier--see Tsan`-usdi`.

-

-Shoe-boots--see Da`si giya`gi.

-

-Shooting creek--see Du`stayalun`yi.

-

-Si`gwetsi`--a traditional Cherokee settlement on the south bank of

-French Broad river, not far from Knoxville, Knox county, Tenn. Near

-by was the quarry from which it is said the stone for the white

-peace pipes was obtained. Swquatchee, the name of the river below

-Chattanooga, in Tenn., is probably a corruption of the same word.

-

-si`dwa--hog; originally the name of the opossum, now distinguished

-as si`kwa utset`sti, q. v.

-

-si`kwa utset`sti--opossum; literally "grinning hog," from si`kwa,

-hog, and utset`sti, "he grins" (habitually).

-

-Sikwa`yi--a masculine name, commonly written Sequoya, made famous as

-that of the inventor of the Cherokee alphabet. The name, which cannot

-be translated, is still in use upon the East Cherokee reservation.

-

-Sikwi`a--a masculine name, the Cherokee corruption for Sevier. See

-also Tsan-usdi`.

-

-sinnawah--see tla`nuwa.

-

-Si`tiku` (or su`tagu`, in dialectic form)--a former Cherokee settlement

-on Little Tennessee river, at the entrance of Citico creek, in Monroe

-county, Tenn. The name, which cannot be translated, is commonly

-spelled Citico, but appears also as Sattiquo, Settico, Settacoo,

-Sette, Sittiquo, etc.

-

-siyu`--see a`siyu`.

-

-skinta`--for skin`tagu`, understood to mean "put a new tooth into my

-jaw." The word cannot be analyzed, but is derived from gantka` (ganta

-ga in a dialectic form) a tooth in place; a tooth detached is kayu ga.

-

-Skwan`-digu gun`yi (for Askwan`-digu gun`yi)--"where the Spaniard

-is in the water" (or other liquid). A place on Upper Soco creek,

-on the reservation in Jackson county, N. C.

-

-Slick Rock--see Nunyu`tawi`ska.

-

-Smith, N. J.--see Tsaladihi`.

-

-Snowbird--see Tuti`yi.

-

-Soco creek--see Sagwa`hi.

-

-Soco Gap--see Ahalu`na.

-

-Soquee--see Sakwi`yi.

-

-Spray, H. W.--see Wilsini`.

-

-spring-frog--see Du`stu`.

-

-Standing Indian--see Yunwi-tsulenun`yi.

-

-Stand Watie--see De`gataga.

-

-Stekoa--see Stika`yi.

-

-ste`tsi--"your daughter"; literally, "your offspring"; agwe`tsi,

-"my offspring"; uwe`tsi, "his offspring"; to distinguish sex it is

-necessary to add asga`ya, "man" or age`hya, "woman."

-

-Stika`yi (variously spelled Stecoe, Steecoy, Stekoah, Stickoey,

-etc.)--the name of several former Cherokee settlements: 1. Sticoa

-creek, near Clayton, Babun county, Ga.; 2. on Tuckasegee river at

-the old Thomas homestead just above the present Whittier, in Swain

-county, N. C.; 3. on Stekoa creek of Little Tennessee river, a few

-miles below the junction of Nantahala, in Graham county, N. C.

-

-Stringfield--see Tlage`si.

-

-stugi`sti, stui`ski--a key.

-

-Suck, The--see Un`tiguhi`.

-

-Sugartown--see Kulse`tsi`yi.

-

-su`nawa`--see tla`nuwa.

-

-sunestla`ta--"split noses"; see tsunu liyu` sunestla`ta.

-

-sungi--mink; also onion; the name seems to refer to a smell; the

-various minks are called generically, gaw sun`gi.

-

-Suki`yi--another form of Sakwi`yi, q. v.

-

-su`li`--buzzard; the Creek name is the same.

-

-Sun Land--see Nunda`yi.

-

-su`sa`-sai`--an unmeaning song refrain.

-

-su`talidihi`--see nun`da`.

-

-Suwa`li-nunna`hi (abbreviated Suwa`li-nunna`hi)--"Suwali train," the

-proper name for the gap at the head of Swannanoa (from Suwa`li-Nun`na`)

-river east of Asheville, in Buncombe county, N. C.

-

-Suwa`ni--a former Cherokee settlement on Chattahoochee river, about

-the present Suwanee, in Gwinnett county, Ga. The name has no meaning

-in the Cherokee language and is said to be of Creek origin.

-

-Suye`ta--"the Chosen One," from asuye`ta, "he is chosen," gasu`yeu,

-"I am choosing"; the same form, suye`ta, could also mean mixed, from

-gasu`yahu, "I am mixing it." A masculine name at present borne by a

-prominent ex-chief and informant upon the East Cherokee reservation.

-

-Swannanoa--see Wuwa`li-nunna`hi.

-

-Swim Bald--see Sehwate`yi.

-

-Swimmer--see Ayun`ini.

-

-

-

-tadeya`statakuhi`--"we shall see each other."

-

-Tae-keo-ge--see Ta ski`gi.

-

-ta`gu--the June-bug (Allorhina nitida), also called tuya-diskalaw

-tsiski, "one who keeps fire under the beans."

-

-Ta`gwa--see Ani`ta`gwa.

-

-Ta`gwadihi` (abbreviated Ta`gwadi`)--"Catawba-killer," from Ata`gwa or

-Ta`gwa, "Cattawba Indian," and dihihi`, "he kills them" (habitually),

-from tsi`ihu`. "I kill." An old masculine name, still in use upon

-the East Cherokee reservation. It was the proper name of the chief

-known to the whites about 1790 as "The Glass," from a confusion of

-this name with adake`ti, glass, or mirror.

-

-Tagwa`hi--"Catawba place," from Ata`gwa or Ta`gwa, Catawba Indian, and

-hi, locative. A name occurring in several places in the old Cherokee

-country. A settlement of this name, known to the whites as Toccoa,

-was upon Toccoa creek, east of Clarksville, in Habersham county, Ga.;

-another was upon Toccoa or Ocoee river, about the present Toccoa,

-in Fannin county, Ga.; a third may have been on Persimmon creek,

-which is known to the Cherokee as Tagwa`hi, and enters Hiwassee river

-some distance below Murphy, in Cherokee county, N. C.

-

-Tahkeyostee--see Unta`kiyasti`yi.

-

-Tahlequah--see Talikwa`.

-

-Tahchee--see Talikwa`.

-

-Takatoka--see De`gata`ga.

-

-ta`ladu` (abbreviated taldu`)--twelve, from ta`li, two. Cf. tala`tu,

-cricket.

-

-Ta`lasi`--a former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river about

-Talassee ford, in Blount county, Tenn. The name has lost its meaning.

-

-Talassee--see Ta`lasi`.

-

-tala`tu--cricket; sometimes also called dita`staye`ski (q. v.),

-"the barber." Cf. ta`ladu`, twelve.

-

-Tale`danigi`ski (Utale`danigi`si in a dialectic form)--variously

-rendered by the whites "Hemp-carrier," "Nettle-carrier" or

-"flax-toter," from tale`ta or utale`ta, flax (Linum) or richweed (Pilea

-pumila), and danigi`ski, "he carries them" (habitually). A former

-prominent chief on Valley river, in Cherokee county, North Carolina.

-

-Talihina--given as the name of the Cherokee wife of Samuel Houston;

-the form cannot be identified.

-

-Talikwa` (commonly written Tellico, Teliquo or, in the Indian

-Territory, Tahlequah)--the name of several Cherokee settlements at

-different periods, viz.: 1. Great Tellico, at Tellico Plains, on

-Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tenn.; 2. Little Tellico, on Tellico

-creek of Little Tennessee river, about ten miles below Franklin,

-Macon county, N. C. 3. a town on Valley river, about five miles above

-Murphy, in Cherokee county, N. C.; 4. Tahlequah, established as the

-capital of the Cherokee Nation, Ind. Ter., in 1839. The meaning of

-the name is lost.

-

-Tali`wa--the site of a traditional battle between the Cherokee and

-Creeks about 1755, on Mountain (?) creek of Etowah river in upper

-Georgia. Probably not a Cherokee but a Creek name from the Creek

-ta`lua or ita`lua, town.

-

-Talking-rock--see Nunyu-gunwani`ski.

-

-Tallulah--see Talulu`.

-

-Tal-tsu`ska`--"Two-heads," from ta`li, two, and tsu`ska`, plural of

-uska`, (his) head. A Cherokee chief about the year 1800, known to

-the whites as Doublehead.

-

-taluli--pregnant; whence aluli`, (she is) "a mother," said of a woman.

-

-Talulu` (commonly Tallulah, and appearing in old documents, from the

-Lower dialect, as Taruraw, Toruro, Turoree, etc.)--a name occurring in

-two or more places in the old Cherokee country, viz.: 1. An ancient

-settlement on the upper part of Tallulah river, in Rabun county,

-Georgia; 2. a town on Tallulah creek of Cheowa river, in Graham county,

-N. C. The word is of uncertain etymology. The dulu`si frog is said

-to cry talulu`. The noted falls upon Tallulah river are known to the

-Cherokee as Ugun`yi, q. v.

-

-Taluntiski--see Ata`lunti`ski.

-

-Tama`li--a name, commonly written Tomotley or Tomatola, occurring in

-at least two places in the old Cherokee country, viz.: 1. On Valley

-river, a few miles above Murphy, about the present Tomatola, in

-Cherokee county, N. C. 2. on Little Tennessee river, about Tomotley

-ford, a few miles above Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tenn. The

-name cannot be translated, and may be of Creek origin, as that tribe

-had a town of the same name upon the lower Chattahoochee river.

-

-Tanasi`--a name which cannot be analyzed, commonly spelled Tennessee,

-occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country, viz.: 1. On

-Little Tennessee river about half-way between Citico and Toco creeks,

-in Monroe county, Tenn. 2. "Old Tennessee town," on Hiwassee river, a

-short distance above the junction of Ocoee, in Polk county, Tenn. 3. On

-Tennessee creek, a head-stream of Tuckasegee river, in Jackson county,

-N. C. Tanasqui, visited by Pardo in 1567, may have been another place

-of the same name.

-

-Tanasqui--see Tanasi`.

-

-Ta`ski`gi (abbreviated from Ta`skigi`yi or Da`skigi`yi, the locative

-yi being commonly omitted)--a name variously written Tae-keo-ge

-(misprint), Tasquiqui, Teeskege, Tuscagee, Tuskegee, etc., derived from

-that of a foreign tribe incorporated with the Cherokee, and occurring

-as a local name both in the Cherokee and in the Creek country. 1. The

-principal settlement of this name was on Little Tennessee river, just

-above the junction of Tellico, in Monroe county, Tenn.; 2. another

-was on the north bank of Tennessee river, just below Chattanooga,

-Tennessee; 3. another may have been on Tuskegee creek of Little

-Tennessee river, near Robbinsville, Graham county, N. C.

-

-Tasquiqui--see Ta`ski`gi.

-

-Tassel, Old--see Utsi`dsata`.

-

-Tatsi`--"Dutch," also written Tahchee, a western Cherokee chief

-about 1830.

-

-Tatsu`hwa--the redbird.

-

-tawa`li--punk.

-

-Tawa`li-ukwanun`ti--"Punk-plugged-in," from tawa`li, punk; the Cherokee

-name of a traditional Shawano chief.

-

-tawi`ska, tawi`skage--smooth, slick.

-

-Tawi`skala--"Flint"; a Cherokee supernatural, the personification

-of the rock flint; tawi`skalun`ti, tawi`skala, flint, from tawi`ska,

-smooth, slick; cf. Iroquois Tawiskaron.

-

-Tayunksi--a traditional western tribe; the name cannot be analyzed.

-

-Tellico--see Talikwa`.

-

-telun`lati--the summer grape (Vitis aestivalis).

-

-Tenaswattee--see Ku`saweti`yi.

-

-Terrapin--see Tuksi`.

-

-tewa--a flying squirrel; sala`li, gray squirrel; kiyu ga, ground

-squirrel.

-

-Thomas, W. H.--see Wil-usdi`.

-

-Tikwali`tsi--a name occurring in several places in the old Cherokee

-country, viz.: 1. Tuckalegee creek, a tributary of War-Woman creek,

-east of Clayton, in Rabun county, Ga.; 2. the Tikiwali`tsi of the

-story, an important town on Tuckasegee river at the present Bryson

-City, in Swain county, N. C. 3. Tuckalechee cove, on Little river,

-in Blount county, Tenn., which probably preserves the aboriginal

-local name. The name appears in old documents as Tuckarechee (Lower

-dialect) and Tuckalegee, and must not be confounded with Tsiksi`tsi

-or Tuckasegee. It cannot be translated.

-

-Timossy--see Tomassee.

-

-Tlage`si--"Field"; the Cherokee name for Lieutenant-Colonel

-W. W. Stringfield of Waynesville, N. C., one of the officers of

-the Cherokee contingent in the Thomas Legion. It is an abbreviated

-rendering of his proper name.

-

-tlage`situn`--a song form for tlage`sia-stun`i, "on the edge of the

-field," from a stream.

-

-tla`meha--bat (dialectic forms, tsa`meha, tsa`weha).

-

-tlanu`si`--leech (dialectic form, tsanu`si`).

-

-Tlanusi`yi (abbreviated Tlanusi`)--"Leech place," former important

-settlement at the junction of Hiwassee and Valley river, the present

-site of Murphy, in Cherokee county, N. C.; also a point on Nottely

-river, a few miles distant, in the same county. The name appears also

-as Clennuse, Klausuna, Quoneashee, etc.

-

-tla`nuwa (dialetic forms, tsa`nuwa`, su`nawa`, "sinnawah")--a mythic

-great hawk.

-

-tla`nuwa`usdi--"little tla`nuwa`"; probably the goshawk (Astur

-atricapillus).

-

-Tla`nuwa`atsi Yelun`isun`yi--"where the Tla`nuwa cut it up,"

-from tla`nuwa`, q. v., and tsiyelun`isku`, an archaic form for

-tsigunilun`isku`, "I am cutting it up." A place on Little Tennessee

-river, nearly opposite the entrance of Citico creek, in Blount

-county, Tenn.

-

-Tla`nuwa`i--"Tla`nuwa place," a cave on the north side of Tennessee

-river, a short distance below the entrance of Citico creek, in Blount

-county, Tenn.

-

-tlayku`--jay (dialectic form, tsayku`).

-

-tlunti`sti--the pheasant (Bonasa umbella), called locally grouse

-or partridge.

-

-tluntu`tsi--panther (dialectic form, tsuntu`ski).

-

-tlutlu`--the martin bird (dialectic form, tsutsu`).

-

-Tocax--a place, apparently in the Cherokee country, visited by Pardo

-in 1567. It may possibly have a connection with Toxaway (see Duksa`i)

-or Toccoa (see Tagwa`hi).

-

-Toccoa--see Tagwa`hi.

-

-Toco--see Dakwa`i.

-

-Tollunteeskee--see Ata`lunti`ski.

-

-Tomassee (also written Timossy and Tymahse)--the name of two or more

-former Cherokee settlements, viz.: 1. On Tomassee creek of Keowee

-river, in Oconee county, S. C.; 2. On Little Tennessee river, near

-the entrance of Burningtown creek, in Macon county, N. C. The correct

-form and interpretation are unknown.

-

-Tomatola, Tomotley--see Tama`li.

-

-Tooantuh--see Du`stu`.

-

-Toogelah--see Dugilu`yi.

-

-Toqua--see Dakwa`i.

-

-Toxaway--see Dukas`i.

-

-Track Rock gap--see Datsu`nalasgun`yi.

-

-Tsaga`si--a Cherokee sprite.

-

-tsa`gi--upstream, up the road; the converse of ge`i.

-

-Tsaiyi`--see Untsaiyi`.

-

-Tsa`ladihi`--Chief N. J. Smith of the East Cherokee. The name might

-be rendered "Charley-killer," from Tsali, "Charley," and dihi`,

-"killer" (in composition), but is really a Cherokee equivalent for

-Jarrett (Tsaladi`), his middle name, by which he was frequently

-addressed. Cf. Tagwadihi.

-

-tsal-agayun`li--"old tobacco," from tsalu, tobacco, and agayun`li or

-agayun`lige, old, ancient; the Nicotiana rustica or wild tobacco.

-

-Tsa`lagi` (Tsa`ragi` in Lower dialect)--the correct form of Cherokee.

-

-Tsa`li--Charley; a Cherokee shot for resisting the troops at the time

-of Removal.

-

-tsaliyu`sti--"tobacco-like," from tsalu, tobacco, and iyu`sti, like;

-a generic name for the cardinal-flower, mullein and related species.

-

-tsalu or tsalun (in the Lower dialect, tsaru)--tobacco; by comparison

-with kindred forms the other Iroquoian dialects the meaning "fire to

-hold in the mouth" seems to be indicated. Lanman spells it tso-lungh.

-

-tsameha--see tla`meha.

-

-tsa`nadiska`--for tsandiskai`, "they say."

-

-tsana`seha`i`--"so they say," "they say about him."

-

-tsane`ni--the scorpion lizard; also called gi`ga-danegi`ski, q. v.

-

-Tsani--John.

-

-Tsantawu`--a masculine name which cannot be analyzed.

-

-Tsan-uga`sita--"Sour John"; the Cherokee name for General John Sevier,

-and also the boy name of the Chief John Ross, afterward known as

-Gu`wisguwi`, q. v. Sikwi`a, a Cherokee attempt at "Sevier," is a

-masculine name upon the East Cherokee reservation.

-

-tsanu`si`--see tlanu`si`.

-

-tsa`nuwa`--see tla`nuwa`.

-

-Tsa`ragi`--Cherokee.

-

-tsaru--see tsalu.

-

-Tsasta`wi--a noted hunter formerly living upon Nantahala river,

-in Macon county, North Carolina; the meaning of the name is doubtful.

-

-Tsatanu`gi (commonly spelled Chattanooga)--the Cherokee name for

-some point upon the creek entering Tennessee river at the city of

-Chattanooga, in Hamilton county, Tennessee. It has no meaning in the

-Cherokee language and appears to be of foreign origin. The ancient

-name for the site of the present city is Atla`nuwa, q. v. Before the

-establishment of the town the place was known to the whites as Ross'

-landing, from a store kept there by Lewis Ross, brother of the chief,

-John Ross.

-

-Tsatu`gi (commonly written Chattooga or Chatuga)--a name occurring

-in two or three places in the old Cherokee country, but apparently of

-foreign origin. Possible Cherokee derivations are from words signifying

-respectively "he drank by sips," from gatu`gia`, "I sip," or "he has

-crossed the stream and come out upon the other side," from gatu`gi,

-"I have crossed," etc. An ancient settlement of this name was on

-Chattooga river, a headstream of Savannah river, on the boundary

-between South Carolina and Georgia; another appears to have been on

-upper Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tennessee; another may have been

-on Chattooga river, a tributary of the Coosa, in northwestern Georgia.

-

-Tsa`wa Gakski--Joe Smoker, from Tsawa, "Joe," and gakski, "smoker,"

-from ga`gisku, "I am smoking." The Cherokee name for Chief Joel

-B. Mayes, of the Cherokee Nation west.

-

-Tsawa`si--a Cherokee sprite.

-

-tsa`weha--see tla`meha.

-

-tsay ku`--see tlay ku`.

-

-Tsek`sini`--a Cherokee form for the name of General Andrew Jackson.

-

-Tsesa`ni--Jessan, probably a derivative from Jesse; a masculine name

-upon the East Cherokee reservation.

-

-Tse`si-Ska`tsi--"Scotch Jesse"; Jesse Reid, present chief of the East

-Cherokee, so-called because of mixed Scotch ancestry.

-

-tsetsani`li--"thy two elder brothers" (male speaking); "my elder

-brother" (male speaking), ungini`li.

-

-Tsgagun`yi--"Insect place," from tsgaya, insect, and yi, locative. A

-cave in the ridge eastward from Franklin, in Macon county, N. C.

-

-tsgaya--insect, worm, etc.

-

-Tsikama`gi--a name, commonly spelled Chickamauga, occurring in

-at least two places in the old Cherokee country, which has lost

-any meaning in Cherokee and appears to be of foreign origin. It

-is applied to a small creek at the head of Chattahoochee river,

-in White county, Ga., and also to the district about the southern

-(not the northern) Chickamauga creek, coming into Tennessee river,

-a few miles above Chattanooga, in Hamilton county, Tenn. In 1777,

-the more hostile portion of the Cherokee withdrew from the rest of

-the tribe, and established here a large settlement, from which they

-removed about five years later to settle lower down the Tennessee,

-in what were known as the Chickamauga towns or Five Lower towns.

-

-tsiki`--a word which renders emphatic that which it follows: as a`stu,

-"very good," astu` tsiki, "best of all."

-

-tsikiki`--the katydid; the name is an onomatope.

-

-tsi`kilili`--the Carolina chickadee (Parus carolinensis); the name

-is an onomatope.

-

-Tsiksi`tsi (Tuksi`tsi is dialectic form; commonly written

-Tuckasegee)--1. a former Cherokee settlement about the junction of the

-two forks of Tuckasegee, above Webster, in Jackson county, N. C. (not

-to be confounded with Tikwali`tsi, q. v.). 2. A former settlement

-on a branch of Brasstown creek of Hiwassee river, in Towns county,

-Ga. The word has lost its meaning.

-

-Tsi`nawi--a Cherokee wheelwright, perhaps the first in the Nation to

-make a spinning-wheel and loom. The name cannot be analyzed.

-

-tsine`u--"I am picking it (something long) up"; in the Lower and

-Middle dialects, tsinigi`u.

-

-tsinigi`u--see tsine`u.

-

-tsiska`gili--the large red crawfish; the ordinary crawfish is called

-tsistu`na.

-

-tsi`skwa--bird.

-

-tsiskwa`gwa--robin, from tsi`skwa, bird.

-

-Tsiskwa`hi--"Bird place," from tsi`skwa, bird, and hi,

-locative. Birdtown settlement on the East Cherokee reservation,

-in Swain county, N. C.

-

-tsiskwa`ya--sparrow, literally "principal bird" (i. e., most widely

-distributed), from tsi`skwa, bird, and ya, a suffix denoting principal

-or real.

-

-Tsiskwunsdi`adsisti`yi--"where they killed Little-bird," from

-Tsiskwunsdi, "little birds" (plural form.) A place near the head of

-West Buffalo creek, southeast of Robbinsville, in Graham county, N. C.

-

-Tsilalu`hi--"Sweet-gum place," from tsila`lu`, sweet gum (Liquidambar)

-and hi, locative. A former settlement on a small branch of Brasstown

-creek of Hiwassee river, just within the line of Towns county,

-Ga. The name is incorrectly rendered Gum-log (creek).

-

-Tsistetsi`yi--"Mouse place," from tsistetsi, mouse, and yi, locative. A

-former settlement on South Mouse creek, of Hiwassee river, in Bradley

-county, Tenn. The present town of Cleveland, upon the same creek,

-is known to the Cherokee under the same name.

-

-tsist-imo `gosto--"rabbit foods" (plural), from tsi`stu, rabbit,

-and uni`gisti, plural of agi`sti, food, from tsiyi`giu "I am eating"

-(soft food). The wild rose.

-

-tsistu--rabbit.

-

-tsistu`na--crawfish; the large-horned beetle is also so called. The

-large red crawfish is called tsiska`gili.

-

-Tsistu`yi--"Rabbit place," from tsistu, rabbit, and yi,

-locative. 1. Gregory bald, high peak of the Great Smoky range,

-eastward from Little Tennessee river, on the boundary between Swain

-county, N. C., and Blount county, Tenn. 2. A former settlement on

-the north bank of Hiwassee river at the entrance of Chestua creek,

-in Polk county, Tenn, The name of Choastea creek of Tugaloo river, in

-Oconee county, S. C., is probably also a corruption from the same word.

-

-Tsiya`hi--"Otter place," from tsiyu, otter, and yi, locative; variously

-spelled Cheowa, Cheeowhee, Chewohe, Chewe, etc. 1. A former settlement

-on a branch of Keowee river, near the present Cheohee, Oconee county,

-S. C. 2. A former and still existing Cherokee settlement on Cheowa

-river, about Robbinsville, in Graham county, N. C. 3. A former

-settlement in Cades Cove, on Cove creek, in Blount county, Tenn.

-

-Tsi`yi-gunsi`ni--"He is dragging a canoe," from tsi`yu, canoe

-(cf. tsi`yu) otter, and gunsi`ni, "he is dragging it." "Dragging

-Canoe," a prominent leader of the hostile Cherokee in the

-Revolution. The name appears in documents as Cheucunsene and Kunnesee.

-

-Tskil-e`gwa--"Big-witch," from atsikili`, or tskilu`, witch, owl, and

-e`gwa, big; an old man of the East Cherokee, who died in 1896. Although

-translated Big-witch by the whites, the name is understood by the

-Indians to mean Big-owl, having been originally applied to a white

-man living on the same clearing, and noted for his large staring eyes.

-

-tskili` (contracted from atskili`)--1. witch; 2. the dusky-horned owl

-(Bubo virginianus saturatus).

-

-tskwa`yi--the great white heron or American egret. (Herodias egretta).

-

-Tsolungh--see tsalu.

-

-Tsuda`ye lun`yi--"Isolated place"; an isolated peak near the head of

-Cheowa river, northeast of Robbinsville, in Graham county, N. C. The

-root of the word signifies detached, or isolated, whence Uda`ye lun`yi,

-the Cherokee outlet, in Ind. Ter.

-

-Tsunda`talesun`yi--"where pieces fall off," i. e., where the banks are

-caving in; from adatale`i, "it is falling off," ts, distance prefix,

-"there," and yi, locative. The Cherokee name for the present site

-of Memphis, Tenn., overlooking the Mississippi and formerly known as

-the Chickasaw bluff.

-

-Tsu`dinunti`yi--"Throwing-down place"; a former settlement on lower

-Nantahala river, in Macon county, N. C.

-

-Tsugidu`li ulsgi`sti (from tsugidu`li, plural of ugiduli, one of

-the long wing or tail feathers of a bird, and ulsgi`sti or ulsgi`ta,

-a dance)--the feather or eagle dance.

-

-Tsukilunnun`yi--"Where he alighted"; two bald spots on a mountain at

-the head of a Little Snowbird creek, near Robbinsville, Graham county,

-N. C.

-

-tsungili`si--plural of ungili`si, q. v.

-

-tsungini`si--plural of ungini`si, q. v.

-

-tsunkina`tli--"my younger brothers" (male speaking).

-

-tsunkita`--"my younger brothers" (female speaking).

-

-tsula--fox; cf. tsulu, kingfisher and tlutlu` or tsulsu`, martin. The

-black fox is ina`li. The Creek word for fox is chula.

-

-tsula`ski--alligator; the name is of uncertain etymology.

-

-Tsula`sinun`yi--"Footprint place." A place on Tuckasee river, about

-a mile above Deep creek, in Swain county, N. C.

-

-Tsula`wi--see Tsulunwe`i.

-

-Tsule`hisanun`hi--"Resurrected One," from di`gwale`hisanun`hi, "I

-was resurrected." literally, "I was down and have risen." Tsa`lagi`,

-Tsule`hisanunhi, the Cherokee title of the newspaper known to the

-whites as the Cherokee Phoenix. The Cherokee title was devised by

-Worcester and Boudinot as suggesting the idea of the phoenix of

-classic fable. The Indian name of the recent "Cherokee Advocate"

-is Tsa`lagi Asdeli`ski.

-

-Tsul kalu`--"Slanting-eyes," literally "he has them slanting" (or

-leaning up against something); the prefix ts makes it a plural form,

-and the name is understood to refer to the eyes, although the word

-eye (akta`, plural dikta`) is not a part of it. Cf. Ata`-gulkalu. A

-mythic giant and ruler of the game. The name has been corrupted to

-Jutaculla and Tuli-cula. Jutaculla rock and Jutaculla old fields

-about the head of Tuckasegee river, in Jackson, North Carolina,

-take their name from him.

-

-Tsulkalu` tsunegun`yi--see Tsunegun`yi.

-

-tsulie`na--the nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis); the word signifies

-literally "deaf" (a plural form referring to the ear, gule`) although

-no reason is given for such a name.

-

-tsulu--kingfisher. Cf. tsula.

-

-Tsulunwe`i--(abbreviated Tsulun`we or Tsula`wi, possibly connected

-with tsulu, kingfisher)--Chilhowee creek, a north tributary of Little

-Tennessee river, in Blount county, Tennessee.

-

-Tsundanilti`yi--"where they demanded the debt from him"; a place

-on Little Santeetal river, west of Robbinsville, in Graham county,

-North Carolina. The creek also is commonly known by the same name.

-

-Tsundige`wi--"Closed anuses," literally "they have them closed,"

-understood to refer to the anus; from dige`wi, plural of ge`wi,

-closed, stopped up, blind; cf. Tsulkalu`; also Gulisge`wi, "Blind,

-or closed, ears," an old personal name.

-

-Tsun`digwun`tski (contracted from tsun`digwuntsugi, "they have them

-forked," referring to the peculiar forked tail; cf. Tsulkalu`)--a

-migratory bird which once appeared for a short time upon the East

-Cherokee reservation, apparently, from the description, the scissortail

-or swallow-tailed fly-catcher (Milvulus forficatus).

-

-Tsunegun`yi (sometimes called Tsulkalu` Tsunegun`yi)--Tennessee Bald,

-at the extreme head of Tuckasegee river, on the east line of Jackson

-county, North Carolina. The name seems to mean "there where it is

-white," from ts, a prefix indicating distance, une`ga, white, and

-yi, locative.

-

-Tsunil` kalu--the plural form for Tsul kalu, q. v., a traditional

-giant tribe in the west.

-

-tsunis`tsahi--"(those) having topnots or crests," from ustsahu`,

-"having a topknot," ustsahi`, "he has a topknot" (habitually).

-

-Tsuniya`tiga--"Naked People"; literally "They are naked there," from

-uya`tiga, naked (singular), with the prefix ts, indicating distance. A

-traditional western tribe.

-

-tsun-ka`wi-ye`, tsun-sikwa-ya`, tsun-tsu`la-ya`, tsun-wa`ya-ya`--"I

-am (tsun or tsi, verbal prefix) a real (ya, ye, noun suffix) deer"

-(kawi`, archaic for a wi`); opossum, si`kwa; fox, tsula; wolf,

-waya. Archaic song forms.

-

-tsunsdi`--contracted from tsunsdi`ga, the plural of usdi`ga or usdi`,

-small.

-

-Tsunu`lahun`ski--"He tries, but fails" (habitually), from

-detsinu`lahun`ski (q. v.), "I tried, but failed." A former noted chief

-among the East Cherokee, commonly known to the whites as Junaluska. In

-early life he was called Gulkala`ski, a name which denotes something

-habitually falling from a leaning position (cf. Ata-gul kalu` and

-Tsul kalu`).

-

-tsunu` liyu`sunestla`ta--"they have split noses," (from agwaliyu`,

-"I have it," and unestlau`, "it is cracked" (as a crack made by the

-sun's heat in a log or in the earth)); the initial s makes it refer

-to the nose, kayasa`.

-

-Tsusgina`i--"the Ghost country," from asgi`na, "ghost," i, locative,

-and ts, a prefix denoting distance. The land of the dead; it is

-situated in Usunhi`yi, the Twilight land, in the west.

-

-Tsuta`tsinasun`yi--"Eddy place." A place on Cheowa river at the mouth

-of Cochran creek, in Graham county, N. C.

-

-tsutsu`--see tlutlu`.

-

-tsuntu`tsi--see tluntu`tsi.

-

-tsuwa`--the mud-puppy or water dog (Menopoma or Protonopsis).

-

-Tsuwa`tel`da--a contraction of tsuwa`teldun`yi; the name has lost its

-meaning. Pilot Knob, north from Brevard, in Transylvania county, N. C.

-

-Tsuwa`-uniytsun`yi--"where the water-dog laughed." from tsuwa`, q. v.,

-"water-dog," uniye`tsu, "they laughed" (agiyet`sku, "I am laughing")

-and yi, locative; Tusquittee Bald, near Hayesville, in Clay county,

-N. C.

-

-Tsuwe`nahi--A traditional hunter, in communication with the invisible

-people. The name seems to mean "He has them in abundance," an

-irregular or archaic form for Uwe`nai, "he has abundance," "he is

-rich," from agwe`nai`, "I am rich." As a masculine name it is used

-as the equivalent of Richard.

-

-Tuckalechee--see Tikwah`tsi.

-

-Tuckasegee--see Tsiksi`tsi.

-

-Tugaloo--see Dugilu`yi.

-

-tugalu`--the cry of the dagulku, goose.

-

-tugalu`na--a variety of small fish, about four inches long, frequenting

-the larger streams (from galu`na, a gourd, on account of its long

-nose).

-

-tuksi`--the terrapin or land tortoise; also the name of a Cherokee

-chief about the close of the Revolution. Saligu`gi, common turtle;

-soft-shell turtle, U`lana`wa.

-

-Tuksi`tsi--see Tsiksi`tsi.

-

-Tuli-cula--see Tsui`kalu`.

-

-tulsku`wa--"he snaps with his head," from uska`, head; the snapping

-beetle.

-

-Tuna`i--a traditional warrior and medicine man of old Itsa`ti; the

-name cannot be analyzed.

-

-Turkeytown--see Gun-di`gaduhun`yi.

-

-Turniptown--see U`lunyi.

-

-Tuskegee--see Ta`ski`gi.

-

-Tusquittee Bald--see Tsuwa`-uniyetsun`yi.

-

-Tusquittee creek--see Daskwitun`yi.

-

-tu`sti--for tusti`ga, a small bowl; larger jars are called diwa`li

-and unti`ya.

-

-tuti--snowbird.

-

-Tuti`yi--"Snowbird place," from tu`ti, snowbird, and yi,

-locative. Little Snow-bird creek of Cheowa river, in Graham county,

-N. C.

-

-tu`tsahyesi`--"he will marry you."

-

-tu`ya--bean.

-

-tu`ya-diskalaw`sti`ski--see ti`gu.

-

-tu`yahusi`--"she will die."

-

-Tymahse--see Tomassee.

-

-

-

-Uchee--see Ani`-Yu`tsi.

-

-uda`hale`yi--"on the sunny side."

-

-uda`i--the baneberry or cohosh vine (Actaea?). The name signifies

-that the plant has something long hanging from it.

-

-uda`li--"(it is) married"; the mistletoe, so-called on account of

-its parasitic habit.

-

-U`dawagun`ta--"Bald." A bald mountain of the Great Smoky range,

-in Yancy county, N. C., not far from Mount Mitchell.

-

-Udsi`skala--a masculine name.

-

-uga`sita--sour.

-

-u`giska`--"he is swallowing it"; from tsikiu`, "I am eating."

-

-u`guku`--the hooting or barred owl.

-

-ugunste`li (ugunste`lu in dialect form)--the horny-head fish.

-

-Ugun`yi--Tallulah falls, on the river of that name, northeast from

-Clarksville, in Habersham county, Ga. The meaning of the name is lost.

-

-Uilata--see U`tlun`ta.

-

-uk-ku`suntsuteti`--"it will twist up one's arm."

-

-Uk-ku`suntsuti`--"Bent-bow-shape"; a comic masculine name.

-

-Uk-kunagi`sti--"it will draw down one's eye."

-

-Uk-kwunagi`ta--"eye-drawn-down"; a comic masculine name.

-

-uksu`hi--the mountain blacksnake or black racer (coluber obsoletus);

-the name seems to refer to some pecularity of the eye, akta`, uksuhha`,

-"he has something lodged in his eye."

-

-Ukte`na--"Keen-eyed (?)" from akta`, eye, akta`ti, to examine

-closely. A mythic great-horned serpent, with a talismanic diadem.

-

-Ukte`na-tsuganun`yi--"where the Uktena got fastened." A spot on

-Tuckasegee river, about two miles above Bryson City, in Swain county,

-N. C.

-

-Ukwu`nu (or Ukwu`ni)--a former Cherokee settlement, commonly known

-to the whites as Oconee, on Seneca creek, near the present Walhalla,

-in Oconee county, S. C.

-

-Ula`gu`--the mythical original of the yellow-jacket tribe. The word

-signifies "leader," "boss," or "principal one," and is applied to the

-first yellow-jacket (d`ska`i) seen in the spring, to a queen bee and

-to the leader of a working squad.

-

-u`lana`wa--the soft-shell turtle; see also saligu`gi and tuksi`.

-

-ulasu`la--moccasin, shoe.

-

-ule`--and; ule`-nu, and also.

-

-ulskwulte`gi--a "pound mill," a self-acting water-mill used in the

-Cherokee mountains. The name signifies that "it butts with its head"

-(Uska`, head), in allusion to the way in which the pestles work in

-the mortar. The generic word for mill is dist`sti.

-

-ulstitlu`--literally "it is on his head." The diamond crest on the

-head of the mythic Uktena serpent. When detached it becomes Ulunsu`ti.

-

-Ultiwa`i--a former Cherokee settlement above the present Ooltewah,

-on the creek of the same name, in James county, Tenn.

-

-ulunni`ta--domesticated, tame; may be used for persons as well as

-animals, but not for plants; for cultivated or domesticated plants

-the adjective is gunutlun`i or gunusun`i.

-

-Ulunsu`ti--"Transparent"; the great talismanic crystal of the Cherokee.

-

-ulun`ta--"it has climbed," from tsilahi`, "I am climbing"; the poison

-oak (Rhus radicans).

-

-U`lun`yi--"Tuber place," from U`li`, a variety of edible tuber, and yi,

-locative. A former settlement upon Turniptown, (for U`lun`yi) creek,

-above Ellijay, in Gilmer county, Ga.

-

-Unacala--see Uni`gadihi`.

-

-U`nadanti`yi--"Place where they conjured," the name of a gap about

-three miles east of Webster, in Jackson county, N. C., and now

-transferred to the town itself.

-

-unade`na--woolly, downy, (in speaking of animals); uwa`nu, wool,

-down, fine fur (detached from the animal).

-

-u`nahu`--see unahwi`.

-

-u`nahi`--heart; in Middle and Lower dialects, unahu`.

-

-Unaka--see une`ga and Unicoi.

-

-unatlunwe`hitu--"it has spirals"; a plant (unidentified) used in

-conjuration.

-

-une`ga--white.

-

-une`guhi--"he is (was) mischievous or bad"; tsune`guhi`yu, "you are

-very mischievous" (said to a child).

-

-une`gutsatu`--"(he is) mischievous"; a`gine`gutsatu`, "I am

-mischievous."

-

-Une`lanun`hi--"The Apportioner"; "I am apportioning," gane`lasku`;

-"I apportion" (habitually), gane`laski. In the sacred formulas a

-title of the Sun God; in the Bible the name of God.

-

-une`stalun--ice.

-

-Unicoi--the map name of the Unicoi turnpike, of a gap on the watershed

-between Chattahoochee and Hiwassee river, in Georgia, and of a county

-in Tennessee. Probably a corruption of une`ga, white, whence comes

-also Unaka, the present map name of a part of the Great Smoky range.

-

-uni`gisti--foods; singular, agi`sti.

-

-Uniga`yata`ti`yi--"where they made a fish trap," from uga`yatun`i,

-fish trap, and yi, locative; a place on Tuckasegee river, at the

-mouth of Deep creek, near Bryson City, in Swain county, N. C.

-

-Uni`haluna--see Ahalu`na.

-

-Unika`wa--the "Town-house dance," so-called because danced inside

-the town-house.

-

-Une`ga-dihi`--"White-man-killer"; from une`ga, "white," for

-yun`wune`ga, "white person," and dihi`, a noun suffix denoting

-"killer," "he kills them" (habitually). A Cherokee chief, whose name

-appears on the documents about 1790.

-

-ungida`--"thy two elder brothers" (male speaking).

-

-ungini`li--"my elder brother."

-

-ungini`si (plural, tsungini`si)--"my daughter's child."

-

-u`niskwetu`gi--"they wear a hat," ulskwe`tawa`, hat from uska`,

-head. The May apple (Podophyllum).

-

-unistilun`isti--"they stick on along their whole length"; the generic

-name for "stickers" and burrs, including the Spanish needle, cockle

-burr, jimson weed, etc.

-

-uni`tsi--her mother; agitsi`, my mother.

-

-Uniya`hitun`yi--"where they shot it," from tsiya`ihu`. "I shot,"

-and yi, locative. A place on Tuckasegee river a short distance above

-Bryson City, in Swain county, N. C.

-

-Unli`ta--"(He is) long-winded," an archaic form for the regular word,

-gunli`ta; an old masculine name. A chief about the year 1790, known

-to the whites as "The Breath."

-

-Untoola--see Dihiyun`dula`.

-

-Unta`kiyasti`yi--"Where they race," from takiya`ta, a race, and yi,

-locative; locally corrupted to Tahkeyostee. The district on the French

-Broad river, around Asheville, in Buncombe county, N. C. The town

-itself is known to the Cherokee as Kasdu`yi, "Ashes place," (from

-kasdu, ashes, and yi, locative), which is intended as a translation

-of its proper name.

-

-Un`tiguhi`--"Pot in water," from or unti`ya, pot, and guli`, "it is

-in the water" (or other liquid, habitually). The Suck, a dangerous

-rapid in Tennessee river, at the entrance of Suck creek, about eight

-miles below Chattanooga, Tenn.

-

-Untlasgasti`yi--"Where they scratched"; a place at the head of Hyatt's

-creek of Valley river, in Cherokee county, N. C.

-

-Untoola--see Dihyun`dula`.

-

-Untsaili` (also Etsaiyi`, or Tsaiyi`, the first syllable being almost

-silent)--"Brass."

-

-unwada`li--store-house, provision house.

-

-Unwada-tsu`gilasun`--"Where the storehouse (unwada`li) was taken

-off." Either Black Rock or Jones' Knob, northeast of Webster, on the

-east line of Jackson county, N. C.

-

-unun`ti--milk.

-

-usdi`ga (abbreviated usdi`)--small; plural tsunsdi`ga, tsundi`.

-

-usga`se`ti`yu--very dangerous, very terrible; intensive of usga`se`ti.

-

-Uskwale`na--"Big-Head," from uska`, head; a masculine name, perhaps

-the original of the "Bull-head," given by Haywood as the name of a

-former noted Cherokee warrior.

-

-Uskwa`li-gu`ta--"His stomach hangs down," from uskwa`li, his stomach,

-and gu`ta, "it hangs down." A prominent chief of the Revolutionary

-period, known to the whites as Hanging-maw.

-

-U`stana`li (from U`stanala`hi or uni`stana`la (a plural form), denoting

-a natural barrier of rocks (plural) across a stream)--a name occurring

-in several places in the old Cherokee country, and variously spelled

-Eastinaulee, Eastinora, Estanaula, Eustenaree, Istanare, Oostanaula,

-Oostinawley, Ustenary, etc.

-

-u`stuti--see utsu`gi.

-

-Ustu`tli--a traditional dangerous serpent. The name signifies having

-something on the calf of the leg or on the heel, from ustutun`i

-"(his) calf of the leg (attached)." It is applied also to the Southern

-hoop-snake.

-

-Usunhi`yi--the "Darkening land," "where it is always getting dark,"

-as at twilight. The name used for the west in the myths and the sacred

-formulas; the common word is wude`ligun`yi, "there where it (the sun)

-goes down."

-

-u`tanu--great, fully developed. Cf. e`gwa.

-

-utawa`hilu--"hand breadth," from uwa`yi, hand. A figurative term used

-in the myths and sacred formulas.

-

-U`tawagun`ta--"Bald place." A high bald peak in the Great Smoky range

-on the Tenn.-N. C. line, northeast from Big Pigeon river.

-

-U`tlun`ta--"He (or she) has it sharp," i. e., has some sharp part

-or organ; it might be used of a tooth, a finger-nail, or some other

-attached part of the body.

-

-U`tluntun`yi--"U`tlun`ta place"; see U`tlun`ta. A place on Little

-Tennessee river, nearly off Citico creek, in Blount county, Tenn.

-

-U`tsala--"Lichen"; another form of utsale`ta. A Cherokee chief of

-Removal period in 1838.

-

-utsale`ta--lichen, literally "pot scrapings," from a fancied

-resemblance.

-

-utsa`nati`--rattlesnake; the name is of doubtful etymology, but is

-said to refer to the rattle.

-

-Utsa`nati`yi--"Rattlesnake place." Rattlesnake springs, about two

-miles south from Charlestown, Bradley county, Tenn.

-

-utset`sti--"he grins" (habitually). See si`kwa utset`sti.

-

-utsi`--her (his) mother; etsi`, agitsi`, my mother.

-

-Utsi`dsata`--"Corn-tassel," "Thistle-head," etc. It is used as a

-masculine name, and was probably the Cherokee name of the chief of

-Revolutionary times, known as "Old Tassel."

-

-utsu`gi--the tufted titmouse (Parus bicolor); also called u`stuti`,

-"topnot, or tip," on account of its crest.

-

-u`tsuti`--fish. Also, many.

-

-Uwaga`hi (commonly written Ocoee)--"Apricot place," from uwa`ga,

-the "apricot vines," or "maypop," (Passiflora incarnata), and hi,

-locative. A former important settlement on Ocowe river, near its

-junction with Hiwassee, about the present Benton, in Polk county, Tenn.

-

-uwa`yi--hand, paw, generally used with the possessive suffix, as

-uwaye`ni, "his hand."

-

-uwe`la--liver.

-

-uwe`nahi--rich; used also as a personal name.

-

-Uw`tsun`ta--"Bouncer" (habitual); from k`tsi, "it is bouncing." A

-traditional serpent described as moving by jerks like a measuring worm,

-to which also the name is applied.

-

-Uyahye`--a high peak in the Great Smoky range, probably on the line

-between Swain county, N. C., and Sevier county, Tenn.

-

-Uy`gila`gi--abbreviated from Tsuyu`gila`gi, "where there are dams,"

-i. e., beaver dams; from gu`gilu`unsku`, "he is damming it." 1. A

-former settlement on Oothcaloga (Ougillogy) creek of Oostanaula river,

-near the present Calhoun, in Gordon county, Ga.; 2. Beaverdam creek,

-west of Clarksville, in Habbersham county, Ga.

-

-

-

-Valleytown--see Gu`nahitun`yi.

-

-Vengeance creek--see Gansa`ti`yi.

-

-

-

-Wachesa--see Watsi`su.

-

-wadan`--thanks!

-

-wa`di--paint, especially red paint.

-

-wa`dige-aska`li--"his head (is) brown," i. e., "brown-head"; from

-wadige`i, brown, brown-red, and aska`li, head; the copperhead snake.

-

-Wadi`yahi--a feminine name of doubtful etymology. An expert

-basket-making woman among the East Cherokee, who died in 1895. She

-was known to the whites as Mrs. Bushyhead.

-

-Wafford--see Tsuskwanun`ta.

-

-Wa`ginsi--the name of an eddy at the junction of Little Tennessee and

-the main Tennessee rivers at Lenoir, in London county, Tenn. The town

-is now known to the Cherokee by the same name, of which the meaning

-is lost.

-

-waguli`--whippoorwill; the name is an onomatope; the Delaware name

-is wekolis.

-

-Wahnenauhi--see Wani`nahi.

-

-wa`huhu`--the screech-owl.

-

-wa`ka--cow; from the Spanish vaca, as is also the Creek waga and the

-Arapaho wakuch.

-

-wala`si--the common green frog.

-

-Walasi`yi--"Frog place." 1. A former settlement, known to the whites

-as Frogtown, upon the creek of the same name, north of Dahlonega,

-in Lumpkin county, Ga. 2. Le Conte and Bullhead Mountains in the

-Great Smoky range on the N. C.-Tenn. line, together with the ridge

-extending into Sevier county, Tenn., between the Middle and West

-forks of Little Pigeon river.

-

-walas`-unul`sti--"it fights frogs," from wala`si, frog, and unul`sti,

-"it fights" (habitually); gu`lihu`, "I am fighting." The Prosartes

-lanuginosa plant.

-

-Walas`-unulstiyi`--"Place of the plant," walas`-unul`sti, commonly

-known to the whites as Fightingtown, from a translation of the latter

-part of a name; a former settlement on Fighting creek, near Morgantown,

-in Fannin county, Ga.

-

-Walini`--a feminine name, compounded from Wali, another form of Kwali,

-"Polly," with a suffix added for euphony.

-

-Wane`-asun`tlunyi--"Hickory footlog place," from wane`i, hickory,

-asun-tlun`i (q. v.), footlog, bridge, and yi, locative. A former

-settlement, known to the whites as Hickory-log, on Etowah river,

-a short distance above Canton, in Cherokee county, Ga.

-

-Wani`nahi`--a feminine name of uncertain etymology; the Wahnenauhi

-of the Wahnenauhi manuscript.

-

-Washington--see Wa`situ`na.

-

-Wa`si--the Cherokee form for Moses.

-

-Wa`situ`na, Wa`suntu`na (different dialect forms)--a Cherokee known to

-the whites as Washington, the sole survivor of a Removal tragedy. The

-name denotes a hollow log (or other cylindrical object) lying on the

-ground at a distance; the root of the word is asi`ta, log, and the

-w prefix indicates distance.

-

-Wa`sulu`--a large red-brown moth which flies about blossoming tobacco

-in the evening.

-

-Wata`gi (commonly written Watauga, also Wataga, Wattoogee, Whatoga,

-etc.)--a name occurring in two or more towns in the old Cherokee

-country; one was an important settlement on Watauga creek of Little

-Tennessee river, a few miles below Franklin, in Macon county, N. C.;

-another was traditionally located at Watauga Old Fields, about the

-present Elizabethton on Wateuga river, in Carter county, Tenn. The

-meaning is lost.

-

-Watau`ga--see Wata`gi.

-

-Watsi`sa--a prominent old Cherokee, known to the whites as Wachesa, a

-name which cannot be translated, who formerly lived on Beaverdam creek

-of Hiwassee river, below Murphy, in Cherokee county, N. C. From the

-fact that the Unicoi turnpike passed near his place, it was locally

-known as Wachesa trail.

-

-wa`ya--wolf; an onomatope, an imitation of the animal's howl; cf. the

-Creek name, yaha.

-

-Wa`ya`hi--"Wolf place," i. e., place of the Wolf clan; the form

-Ani`Wa`ya`hi is not used. Wolftown settlement on upper Soco creek,

-on the East Cherokee reservation, in Jackson county, N. C.

-

-Waya Gap--see A`tahi`ta.

-

-Wayeh--see Wayi.

-

-Wayi--"Pigeon"; the modern Cherokee name for Big Pigeon river, in

-western N. C.; probably a translation of the English name. It appears

-also as Wayeh.

-

-Welch, Lloyd--see Da`si`giya`gi.

-

-wesa--cat.

-

-White-path--see Nunna`hi-tsune`ga.

-

-Willstown--a former important settlement, so-called from the half-breed

-chief known to the whites as Red-headed Will, on Will's creek below

-Fort Payne, in Dekalb county, Ala. The settlement was frequently

-called from him Wili`yi, "Will's place," but this was not the proper

-local name.

-

-Wilsini`--The Cherokee name for H. W. Spray, agent and superintendent

-for the East Cherokee reservation; an adaptation of his middle name,

-Wilson.

-

-Wil-usdi`--"Little Will," from Wili`, Will and usdi`ga or usdi`,

-little. The Cherokee name for Colonel W. H. Thomas, for many years

-the recognized chief of the eastern band.

-

-Wissactaw--see gahawi`stia.

-

-Wolftown--see Wa`ya`hi.

-

-Wootassite--see Outacity.

-

-Wrosetasatow--see Outacity.

-

-Wude`ligun`yi--the west; literally "there where it (the sun) goes

-down," (w prefixed implies distance, yi, locative). See also Usunhi`yi

-and wusuhihun`yi.

-

-Wuliga`natutun--excelling all others, either good or bad; it may be

-used as equivalent to wastun, "beyond the limit."

-

-wusuhihun`yi--"there where they stay over night," i. e., "the west." An

-archaic term used by the narrator of the story of Untsaiyi`.

-

-

-

-Xuala--see Ani-Suwa`li.

-

-

-

-ya--a suffix denoting principal or real, as tsiskwa`ya, "principal

-bird," the sparrow; Ani`-Yunwiya`, "principal or real people," Indians.

-

-Yahula`li--"Yahu`la place," from Yuhu`la, a Cherokee trader said to

-have been taken by the spirit people; Yahu`la, seems to be from the

-Creek yoho`lo, a name having reference to the song (yoholo), used in

-the "black drink" ceremony of the Creeks; thus a`si-yoho`lo, corrupted

-into Osceola, signified "the black drink song"; it may, however,

-be a true Cherokee word, yahu`lu or yahu`li, the name for a variety

-of hickory, also for the "doodle-bug"; Unyahu`la is a feminine name,

-but cannot be translated. Yahoola creek, near Dahlonega, in Lumpkin

-county, Ga.

-

-Yala`gi--Alarka creek of Little Tennessee river, above the junction

-of Tuckasegee, in Swain county, N. C.; the meaning of the name is lost.

-

-yandaska`ga--a faultfinder.

-

-Yan-e`gwa--"Big-Bear," from yanu, bear, and egwa, great, large. A

-prominent chief about the year 1800; the name occurs in treaties as

-Yonah, Yohanaqua and Yonahequah.

-

-ya`nu--bear.

-

-Ya`nu-dinehun`yi--"where the bears live," from yanu, bear, dinehu`,

-"they dwell" (e`hu, "I dwell, I live") and yi, locative. A place on

-Oconaluftee river, a short distance above the junction with Tuckasegee,

-in Swain county, N. C.

-

-Yanugun`ski--"the bear drowns him" (habitually), from yanu, bear,

-and tsigun`iska`, "I am drowning him." A noted East Cherokee chief,

-known to the whites as Yonaguska or Drowning-bear.

-

-yan`-utse`stu--"The bear lies on it"; the shield fern (Aspidium).

-

-Ya`nu-u`natawasti`yi--"where the bears wash," (from yanu, bear, and

-yi, locative); a former pond in the Great Smoky Mountains, about the

-head of Raven Fork, in Swain county, N. C.

-

-Yawa`i--"Yawa place"; a place on Yellow creek of Cheowa river, in

-Graham county, N. C.

-

-Yellow-Hill--see Elawa`diyi.

-

-Yohanaqua--see Yan-e`gwa.

-

-yoho-o!--an unmeaning song refrain.

-

-Yonaguska--see Ya`nugun`ski.

-

-Yonah--1. (mountain) see Gadalu`lu. 2. An abbreviated treaty form

-for the name of the chief Yana`gwa.

-

-Yonahequah--see Yan-e`gwa.

-

-Ytaua, Ytava--see I`tawa`.

-

-Yu!--an unmeaning song refrain and interjection.

-

-Yuha`li--Euharlee creek, of lower Etowah river, in Bartow county,

-Ga. The name is said by the Cherokee to be a corruption of Yufala

-(Eufaula), a well known Creek local name.

-

-yunsu`--buffalo; cf. Creek yena`sa, Choctaw yanash, Hichitee ya`nasi.

-

-Yunsa`i--"Buffalo place"; West Buffalo creek of Cheowa river in Graham

-county, N. C.; the site of a former Cherokee settlement.

-

-yun`wi--person, man.

-

-Yun`wi Ama`yine`hi--"Water-dwelling people," from yun`wi, person,

-and ama`yine`hi, plural of amaye`hi, q. v.; a race of water fairies.

-

-Yun`wi Gunahi`ta--"Long Man"; a formulistic name for the river,

-personified as a man with his head resting on the mountain and his

-feet stretching down to the lowlands, who is constantly speaking to

-those who can understand the message.

-

-Yun`wini`gisgi--"man-eaters," literally, "They eat people"

-(habitually), from yun`wi, person, man, and uni, giski, "they eat"

-(habitually), from tsikiu`, "I am eating"; the Cherokee name for a

-distant cannibal tribe, possibly the Atakapa or the Tonkawa.

-

-Yun`wi-tsulenun`yi--"where man stood," originally yun`wi-dikatagun`yi,

-"where the man stands," from yun`wi, person, man, tsita`ga, "I am

-standing," and yi, locative; Standing Indian, a high bald mountain

-at the head of Nantahala river, in Macon county, N. C.

-

-Yun`wi Tsunsdi`--"little people," from yun`wi, person, people,

-and tsunsdi`ga or tsunsdi, plural of usdi`ga or usdi`, little; the

-Cherokee fairies.

-

-Yun`wi Usdi`--"little man." A formulistic name for ginseng,

-a`tali-guli`, q. v.

-

-Yun`wi-usga`se`ti--"dangerous man, terrible man"; a traditional leader

-in the westward migration of Cherokee.

-

-Yun`wiya`--"Indian," literally, "principal or real person," from

-yun`wi, person, and ya, a suffix denoting principal or real.

-

-yu`we-yuwehe`--an unmeaning song refrain.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-NOTE

-

-[1] Colonel Thomas.

-

-

-

-

-

-

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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Occoneechee, by Robert Frank Jarrett
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
+other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
+whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
+the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
+www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
+to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
+
+Title: Occoneechee
+       The Maid of the Mystic Lake
+
+Author: Robert Frank Jarrett
+
+Release Date: October 27, 2016 [EBook #53375]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OCCONEECHEE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jeroen Hellingman and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net/ for Project
+Gutenberg (This file was produced from images generously
+made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
+
+
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+                              OCCONEECHEE
+                      THE MAID OF THE MYSTIC LAKE
+
+
+                                   BY
+                          ROBERT FRANK JARRETT
+                 Author of "Back Home and Other Poems"
+
+
+                         THE SHAKESPEARE PRESS
+                           410 E. 32d Street
+                                New York
+                                  1916
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+                           Copyrighted, 1916
+                            By R. F. Jarrett
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+Realizing that the memory of a nation is best kept aglow by its
+songs and the writings of its poets, I have been inspired to write
+OCCONEECHEE, in order that the once powerful nation known as the
+Cherokee may be preserved in mind, and that their myths, their legends
+and their traditions may linger and be transmitted to the nations
+yet to come.
+
+Trusting that a generous people may hail with delight the advent
+of this new work, I now dedicate its pages to all lovers of music,
+poetry and fine art.
+
+
+    When you've read its pages give or lend
+    This volume to some good old friend.
+
+
+The Author.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+BRIEF BIOGRAPHY OF THE AUTHOR.
+
+
+Robert Frank Jarrett was born in Asheville, N. C., on July 21st, 1864,
+and while having resided in other states and cities and visited many of
+the most important sections of the South, yet has made his principal
+home within the shadows of the rugged mountain peaks of his native
+and picturesque home land, the Old North State.
+
+He was educated in the field and forest, by rippling stream and
+rolling rill, studied in the open book of Nature and recited to the
+Master of Destinies where the shadows of the everlasting hills lock
+hands with the sunshine of the valley.
+
+He is a reader and student of the ancient writers and poets of all
+ages, singer of the old songs, lover of the new;
+
+Servant in official capacity for many years of National, State and
+Civic governments; humble worker with the busy toilers, and writer
+of prose and verse from earliest childhood;
+
+Author of "Back Home and Other Poems," published in 1911, and many
+other manuscripts not yet published.
+
+Married to Sallie C. Wild, of Franklin, N. C., on Dec. 25th, 1892. For
+twenty years a resident of Dillsboro, N. C., where orchard and field
+and dense deep forests have inspired and impelled him on.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+                                                Page
+
+    Part   I. The Cherokee,                        7
+    Part  II. Occoneechee,                        21
+    Part III. Myths of the Cherokee,             127
+    Part  IV. Glossary of Cherokee Words,        197
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+
+    Portrait of Robert Frank Jarrett,   Frontispiece
+    Tuckaseigee Falls, above Dillsboro,            9
+    Along Scott's Creek, below Balsam,            21
+    Sunset from Mt. Junaluska,                    26
+    Lake Junaluska, near Waynesville,             26
+    A Glimpse of the Craggies,                    37
+    From Top of Chimney Rock,                     37
+    Graybeard Mountain,                           37
+    Chimney Top,                                  37
+    Upper Catawba Falls, Esmeralda,               43
+    Occoneechee Falls, Jackson County,            43
+    In the Cherokee Country,                      43
+    Whitewater Falls,                             43
+    The Balsam Mountains in Jackson Co.,          51
+    North from Sunset Rock, Tryon Mt.,            51
+    Balsam Mountains,                             67
+    From Bald Rock,                               67
+    Lower Cullasaja Falls,                        73
+    Mount Pisgah,                                 77
+    Indian Mound, Franklin, N. C.,                77
+    Tallulah Falls, Ga.,                          81
+    Whiteside Mountain,                           91
+    Tennessee River, above Franklin,              99
+    Lake Toxaway,                                 99
+    Tomb of Junaluska, Robbinsville,             107
+    Where the Serpent Coiled,                    107
+    Harvesting at Cullowhee, N. C.,              117
+    Craggy Mountains from near Asheville,        117
+    Sequoya,                                     129
+    John Ax, the Great Story Teller,             129
+    Everglades of Florida,                       129
+    Tuckaseigee River,                           139
+    Kanuga Lake,                                 153
+    Lake Fairfield,                              153
+    Pacolet River, Hendersonville,               153
+    A Cherokee Indian Ball Team,                 171
+    The Pools, Chimney Rock,                     171
+    French Broad River,                          185
+    Broad River,                                 185
+    From the Toxaway,                            191
+    Chimney Top Gap,                             191
+    Chimney Rock,                                197
+    Occonestee Falls,                            237
+    Linville Falls,                              237
+    Triple Falls, Buck Forest,                   237
+    High Falls, Buck Forest,                     284
+    Melrose Falls, Tryon, N. C.,                 284
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+PART I
+
+THE CHEROKEE
+
+
+    "I know not how the truth may be,
+    I tell the tale as 'twas told to me."
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+THE CHEROKEE.
+
+A brief history of the Cherokee Nation or tribe.
+
+
+This history has been gleaned from the works of Ethnology by James
+Mooney and from word of mouth, as related to the author during the
+past thirty years.
+
+In the beginning of historical events, we hear of man in his
+paradisaical home, located somewhere within the boundaries known
+as ancient Egypt or Chaldea. His home was far away and his former
+history shrouded in the darkness of countless centuries of the past,
+and when we contemplate the remoteness of his ancestry, we become
+lost in the midst of our own research.
+
+When historical light began to flash from the Orient, we find man
+emerging with some degree of civilization from a barbaric state into
+the advanced degrees of civilized and enlightened tribes.
+
+When the maritime navigator, full of visions and dreams, dared to sail
+for those hitherto undiscovered shores, now known as America, there
+lived within the realm a wandering, happy, yet untutored, race of men
+whom we afterwards called Indians, who dwelt in great numbers along the
+whole distance from Penobscot Bay south to the everglades of Florida.
+
+Among the more noted tribes were the Abnaki, Mohawk, Mohican, Huron,
+Iroquois, Munsi, Erie, Seneca, Susquehanna, Mamrahoac, Powhatan,
+Monacan, Nollaway, Tuscarora, Pamlico, Catawba, Santee, Uchee, Yamasee,
+Creek, Choctaw, Seminole, Showano and Cherokee, but of all of these
+it is left for us to speak alone of the valiant Cherokee, the most
+noble of all Red Men, who inhabited that picturesque country in
+the Appalachian chain of mountains in East Tennessee, Western North
+Carolina, Northern Georgia, South Carolina and Alabama, and part of
+Virginia, Kentucky and West Virginia.
+
+These are the people of whom little has been said and less written
+than most of the children of men. Yet of all of the native Americans
+the Cherokee tribe was the most noble, humane and intelligent.
+
+Somewhere in the annals of the Aborigines of America, the Cherokee
+separated from the great Northern tribe, the Iroquois, and by
+preference inhabited the hills of the Appalachian range, and here
+we find them early in the dawn of American history, occupying a
+country which affords ample environment for the artist, the poet
+and the painter. Had Homer seen and Michelangelo traveled among the
+towering hills of the happiest land of earth, the song and the chisel,
+instead of being draped with the vail of blood, would have inspired
+the world to look forward to the time when there will be no death
+serenely sitting upon the throne of war.
+
+At one time the Cherokee tribe was the largest and most learned in
+art and literature of any tribe in the United States, having perhaps
+as many as twenty-five thousand people, and attained, under Sequoya,
+whose photograph is herein reproduced, that degree of learning, that
+many of the tribe became quite familiar with letters and literature,
+printed from the alphabet invented by this noted man, inventor and
+devout preacher of the Christian gospel.
+
+Sequoya was himself an untutored half-breed, yet to him are we indebted
+for an alphabet of 76 characters which stands third among the alphabets
+which have been invented among men, and by which a Cherokee child
+learns to read as fluently in six months of study as does the average
+English child in three years of study under our system.
+
+The name Cherokee, so far as research reveals, has no meaning or the
+meaning has been lost or perhaps Anglicized, but we have authority
+for its use, for the past 375 years.
+
+When De Soto's expedition was made through the Appalachian mountains,
+in 1540, he encountered this great and friendly nation living
+peacefully in their paradise among the hills and mountains, who
+received him as they were wont to receive a friendly tribe; so did
+they ever receive and treat the white neighbor until treaty after
+treaty had been broken and their homes had been destroyed and every
+compact violated.
+
+Hostilities were in most cases caused by encroaching whites and broken
+promises and intrigues of the foreigners, who were gradually drawing
+the cordon around the diminishing tribe.
+
+The battle of Horseshoe Bend, which took place in the Tallapoosa
+river, in Alabama, on the 27th day of March, 1814, was one of the
+notable events in Cherokee history, where Junaluska, in conjunction
+with General Jackson, slaughtered or massacred nearly one thousand
+Creeks, which ended the Creek war and brought much honor to Junaluska
+and his valiant Cherokee army of more than 500 men.
+
+For the terrors which followed the battle of Horseshoe Bend, we
+have only to refer to history to be able to ascertain the facts
+concerning the bloody atrocities which were perpetrated upon an
+oppressed people. Then came the end, which occurred in the year 1838,
+which culminated in the removal of the band to the Indian Territory,
+which is now called Oklahoma, (a Choctaw word meaning red people,
+Okla, people; homa, red).
+
+This removal was the most luckless and recreant of all the abuses
+that had been heaped upon the brave but helpless band of Cherokee.
+
+Junaluska, who witnessed the removal, but was permitted to remain with
+the residue, remarked that had he known that General Jackson (who
+became President), would have removed the Cherokee in such a brutal
+manner, he would have killed him at the battle of Horseshoe Bend.
+
+The history of the removal of the Cherokee, as told by James Mooney
+of the Department of American Ethnology, gleaned by him from eye
+witnesses and actors in the tragedy, may well exceed in weight of
+grief and pathos any other act in American history. Even the much
+sung song of the exile of the Arcadians falls far behind it in the
+sum of death and misery.
+
+Under General Winfield Scott, an army of 5,000 volunteers and regular
+troops were concentrated in the Cherokee country, and by instruction
+from Washington, D. C., he was directed and gave orders to soldiers to
+gather all Indians to the various stockades, which had been previously
+prepared for their reception. From these posts, squads of soldiers
+were sent to search out, with rifle and bayonet, every small cabin
+which could be found within the ramifications and deep recesses of the
+great Appalachian range of mountains, and bring to the forts every man,
+woman and child to be found within the gates of the granite hills.
+
+Families, while sitting peacefully at the noon-day meal; others
+while performing the matutinal ablution, were suddenly startled by
+the gleam of bayonets and with blows, curses and oaths from the men
+called soldiers, the Indians were driven like cattle from their humble
+homes down the rugged mountain paths, and their houses in many cases
+were burned and their small possessions destroyed, as the brave but
+defenceless Cherokee people looked on with that wonderful stoicism
+which no other race of men ever possessed.
+
+Men were seized in the fields, women torn from the wheel and the
+distaff, and children frightened from the pleasures of play. The
+vandals who followed in the wake of the soldiery, looting and
+pillaging, burning and destroying, yet calling themselves civilized
+Christians, were such a band of outlaws as is seldom seen even among
+the most savage and barbaric races.
+
+Even Indian graves were robbed of the silver pendants and other
+valuables which had been deposited with the dead. Women who were not
+able to go, were actually forced at the point of a bayonet to march
+with the same speed as men.
+
+Upon one occasion the soldiers surrounded the house of an old Christian
+patriot, who when informed as to what was to take place, called his
+wife, children and grandchildren around him, kneeling down among them
+offered a last prayer in the sanctuary of his home, in his native
+tongue, while the soldiers stood astonished, looking on in silence.
+
+When his devotions were finished, he arose, bade the household follow
+him, and he led them into exile, with that becoming Christian fortitude
+which is seldom witnessed among men.
+
+One woman, on finding the house surrounded, went to the door and called
+up the chickens, fed them for the last time, bade them farewell,
+then taking her baby upon her back, she extended her hands to her
+other two small children, then followed her husband into exile,
+from whence she never returned.
+
+A Georgia volunteer, who afterwards became a Colonel in the Confederate
+service, said, "I have fought through the Civil War and have seen
+men shot to pieces and slaughtered by the thousands, but the Cherokee
+removal was the most cruel work I ever witnessed."
+
+All were not thus so submissive. One old man named Tsali, "Charlie,"
+was seized, with his wife, his brother, his three sons and their
+families; exasperated at the brutality accorded his wife, who being
+unable to travel fast, was prodded with the bayonets to hasten her
+steps, he urged the other men to join him in a dash for liberty, and
+as he spoke in Cherokee, the soldiers, although they heard, understood
+nothing until each warrior suddenly sprang upon the soldier nearest
+and endeavored to wrench his gun from him. The attack was so sudden
+and unexpected that one soldier was killed and the rest fled, while
+the Indians escaped to the mountains. Hundreds of others, some of
+them from the various stockades, managed also to escape to the hills
+and mountains from time to time, where those who did not die from
+starvation subsisted on roots and wild berries until the hunt was over.
+
+Finding that it was impossible to secure these fugitives, General Scott
+finally tendered them a proposition, through Colonel W. H. Thomas,
+known as Wil-Usdi in Cherokee, their trusted friend and chief, that
+if they would bring Charlie and his party for punishment, the rest
+would be allowed to remain until their case could be adjusted by
+the Government.
+
+On hearing of the proposition, Charlie voluntarily came in with his
+sons, offering himself as a sacrifice for his people.
+
+By command of General Scott, Charlie, his brother and the two elder
+sons were shot, near the mouth of Tuckaseigee river, a detachment
+of Cherokee prisoners being compelled to do the shooting in order to
+impress upon the Indians the fact of their utter helplessness.
+
+From those fugitives thus permitted to remain, originated the present
+eastern band of Cherokee.
+
+When nearly 17,000 Cherokee had been gathered into the stockades,
+the removal began.
+
+Early in June several parties, aggregating about five thousand persons,
+were brought down by the troops to the old agency on Hiwassee river,
+at the present Calhoun, Tenn., and to Ross landing (now Chattanooga,
+Tenn.) and to Gunter's landing (now Guntersville, Ala.) lower down on
+the Tennessee, where they were put upon steamers and transported down
+the Tennessee and Ohio to the farther side of the Mississippi, whence
+their journey was continued by land to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma).
+
+The removal in the the hottest part of the year was attended with so
+great sickness and mortality that, by resolution of the Cherokee
+National Council, John Ross and the other chiefs submitted to
+General Scott a proposition that the Cherokee be allowed to remove
+themselves in the fall, after the sickly season ended. This was
+granted on condition that all should have started by the 20th of
+October, except the sick and aged, who might not be able to move so
+rapidly. Accordingly, officers were appointed by the Cherokee council
+to take charge of the emigration; the Indians being organized into
+detachments averaging one thousand each, with two leaders in charge
+of each department, and a sufficient number of wagons and horses for
+the purpose.
+
+In this way the remainder, enrolled at about 13,000, (including
+a few negro slaves), started on the long march overland late in
+the fall. Those who thus emigrated under the management of their
+own officers, assembled at Rattlesnake Springs, near the present
+Charleston, Tenn., where a final council was held, in which it was
+decided to continue their old constitution and laws in their new
+home. Then, in October, 1838, the long procession of exiles was
+set in motion. A few went by the river route, but nearly all went
+overland. Crossing, to the north side of the Hiwassee river, at a
+ferry above Gunter's Creek, they proceeded down along the river,
+the sick, aged and children, together with their belongings, being
+hauled in wagons, the rest on foot or on horses.
+
+It was like an army, 645 wagons, regiment after regiment, the wagons
+in the center, the officers along the line, and the horsemen on the
+flank and at the rear.
+
+Tennessee river was crossed at Tucker's ferry, a short distance
+above Jolly's Island, at the mouth of Hiwassee; thence the route
+lay south of Pikeville, through McMinnville, and on to Nashville,
+where the Cumberland was crossed.
+
+They then went on to Hopkinsville, where the noted chief White Path, in
+charge of a detachment, sickened and died. His people buried him by the
+roadside, with a box over the grave and poles with streamers around it,
+that the others coming on behind might note the spot and remember him.
+
+Somewhere along that march of death--for the exiles died by tens and
+twenties every day of the journey--the devoted wife of the noted chief,
+John Ross, sank down and died, leaving him to go on with bitter pain
+of bereavement added to the heartbreak at the ruin and desolation of
+his nation.
+
+The Ohio was crossed at a ferry near the mouth of the Cumberland,
+and the army passed on through southern Illinois until the great
+Mississippi was reached, opposite Cape Girardean, Missouri. It
+was now the middle of winter, with the river running full of ice,
+so that several detachments were obliged to wait some time on the
+eastern bank for the channel to become clear.
+
+Information furnished by old men at Tahlequah after the lapse of
+fifty years showed that time had not sufficed to wipe out the memory
+of the miseries of that halt beside the frozen river, with hundreds
+of sick and dying penned up in wagons or stretched upon the ground,
+with only a blanket overhead to keep out the January blast.
+
+The crossing was at last made, in two divisions, at Cape Girardean and
+Green's ferry, a short distance below, whence the march was continued
+on through Missouri to Indian Territory, the later detachment making
+a northerly circuit by Springfield, because those who had gone before
+had killed off all the game along the direct route.
+
+They had started in October, 1838, and it was now March, 1839, the
+journey having occupied nearly six months of the hardest part of
+the year.
+
+It is difficult to state positively as to the mortality and loss by
+reason of the removal of this once happy nation, but as near as can
+be ascertained, more than four thousand persons perished along the
+great highway of death.
+
+On the arrival in Indian Territory, the exiles at once set about
+building houses and planting crops, the government having agreed under
+treaty to furnish them rations for one year after arrival. They were
+welcomed by their kindred, the "Old Settlers," who held the country
+under previous treaties of 1828 and 1833. These, however, being
+already regularly organized under a government and chiefs of their
+own, were by no means disposed to be swallowed by the governmental
+authority of the newcomers.
+
+Jealousies developed, in which the minority or treaty party of the
+emigrants, headed by Major Ridge, took sides with the old settlers
+against John Ross of the National party, which outnumbered the others
+nearly three to one.
+
+While these differences were at their height, the Nation was thrown
+into a fever of excitement by the news that Major Ridge, his son,
+John Ridge, and Elias Boudinot--all leaders of the treaty party--had
+been killed by adherents of the National party, immediately after
+the adjournment of a general council, which had adjourned after
+nearly two weeks of debate without having been able to bring about
+harmonious action. Major Ridge was waylaid and shot near the Arkansas
+line, his son was taken from bed and cut to pieces with hatchets,
+while Boudinot was treacherously killed at his home at Park Hill,
+Indian Territory, all three being killed upon the same day, June 22,
+1839, which date marks the decline and fall of a once great and happy
+people. For fifty years which followed this luckless day in June,
+Indian Territory became a veritable theater of crime and disorder.
+
+From the South meridian of the sunflower state, to the cypress
+banks of the Red river, and from Fort Smith to the shifting sands of
+the great plains, for half a century sheltered a coterie of actors
+that would have made Robin Hood or Kit Carson blush with envy. The
+soil of the five tribes has been moistened with human blood when
+there was none to answer the cry for vengeance; when no sound save
+the deadly snap of the Winchester and the pit-pat of the bronchos'
+hoofs were there to bear testimony. Now, those who incited intrigue
+and murder are gone, the desperado is a thing of the past, the brave
+men who enlisted in the hazardous governmental service to give them
+battle have disappeared, and the sound of the firing Winchester used
+in deadly conflict, has been replaced by the reaper and the mower,
+and toilers in the field of commerce and industry.
+
+The Indian tribe has been supplanted by the American Government;
+and the school and church have taken the place of the chase and the
+feud. Where the wild flowers nodded far out on the lonely plain,
+vast fields of wheat and corn whisper the great name of Oklahoma.
+
+At this writing the eastern band of Cherokee is about to be dissolved,
+their lands allotted, and in a few more decades the Cherokee will
+have passed, and the name will be presented only in old records and
+in the hearts of their descendants.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+PART II
+
+OCCONEECHEE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+OCCONEECHEE,
+
+The Maid of the Mystic Lake,
+
+by Robert Frank Jarrett.
+
+
+
+I.
+
+Far away beneath the shadows
+Of the towering Smoky range,
+In the Western North Carolina,
+Comes a story true, but strange;
+Of a maiden and her lover,
+Of the tribe of Cherokee,
+And she lived far up the mountain,
+Near the hills of Tennessee.
+
+Far above the habitation
+Of the white man, and the plain,
+Lived the dark-eyed Indian maiden,
+Of the Junaluska strain;
+Junaluska, chief, her father,
+Occoneechee was his pride,
+In the lonely little wigwam,
+High upon the mountain side.
+
+There the stream Oconaluftee
+Hides its source far from the eye,
+Of the white man in his rovings,
+Far upon the mountain high;
+And the forest land primeval,
+Roamed by doe and wandering bear,
+And the hissing, coiling serpent,
+Was no stranger to them there.
+
+Catamount and mountain-boomer
+Sprang from cliff-side into trees,
+And the eagle, hawk and vulture
+Winged their course on every breeze.
+At the footfall of this maiden
+Sped the gobbler wild and free,
+From the maiden Occoneechee
+Flitted butterfly and bee.
+
+Occoneechee, forest dweller,
+Lived amid the scene so wild;
+In the simple Indian manner
+Lived old Junaluska's child.
+Streams of purest limpid water
+Gushed forth o'er the rock below,
+And the trout and silver minnow
+Dwelt in water, cold as snow.
+
+Occoneechee's Mother Qualla
+Passed away from earth to God,
+When this maiden was a baby
+And was covered by the sod.
+High upon the rugged mountain,
+Far above the haunts of men,
+With their burdens and their sorrows,
+And their load of care and sin.
+
+Thus the maiden knew no mother,
+Knew no love as most maids know,
+Heard no song, as sung by mother,
+Softly, sweetly, plaintive, slow.
+When the twilight came at evening,
+And the wigwam fire was lit,
+And the bearskin robe was spread out
+Upon which they were to sit,
+
+Junaluska wept his Qualla,
+Wept the lover who had flown,
+For she was the only lover
+That this chieftain's heart had known;
+And at night, there was no lover
+To sit by him on the rug,
+Made of skins of bear and woodchuck,
+In the wigwam, crude but snug.
+
+And at times he'd stand at evening,
+When the sun was setting low,
+And would watch with adoration
+Shifting clouds and scenes below;
+And his soul would want to wander
+Where the clime of setting sun
+Would reveal his long lost Qualla,
+When his work of life was done.
+
+And the tears would fill his eyelids,
+And emotion shake his frame,
+When he thought of her departed,
+Or some friend would speak her name.
+And he'd call on God the spirit,
+When he'd see the golden glow
+Of the radiant splendid sunset,
+Where he ever longed to go.
+
+Then he'd think of Occoneechee,
+In her adolescent years,
+How she needed his protection
+There to drive away her fears.
+Then he'd cease his deep repining,
+And his wailing and his grief,
+For her future and her beauty
+Brought the chieftain's heart relief.
+
+Though the life of Occoneechee
+Was one lonely strange career,
+And the solitude and silence
+Made the romance of it drear,
+While the wildness of the forest,
+With the animals that roam,
+And the birds in great profusion
+Cheered her little wigwam home,
+
+Yet her spirit, like the eagle's,
+Longed to soar off and be free
+From the wilds of gorge and mountain,
+Stream and cliff and crag and tree.
+And one day there came a red man
+Wandering up the mountain side,
+From the vale Oconaluftee
+Which was every Indian's pride.
+
+Tall and handsome, agile runner,
+And the keenness of his eye
+Did betray his quick perception
+To the casual passer-by.
+Hair hung down in long black tresses,
+Far below his shoulder-blade,
+And the brilliant painted feathers
+By the passing winds were swayed.
+
+And the arrows in his quiver
+Tipped with variegated stone,
+And the tomahawk and war knife,
+All the weapons he had known;
+Yet he knew all of their uses,
+None could wield with greater skill
+Tomahawk or knife or arrow,
+Than this wandering Whippoorwill.
+
+Occoneechee, sitting lonely,
+In a shady little nook,
+Near the opening, by the wigwam,
+And the babbling crystal brook;
+She was bathing feet and ankles,
+Arms and hands she did refresh,
+In the iridescent splendor
+Of the fountain cool and fresh.
+
+Whippoorwill, the wandering warrior,
+Spied the maiden by the pool,
+'Neath the spreading tree above her,
+By the limpid stream so cool;
+Then he ventured there to tarry,
+Watch and linger in the wild,
+Near the maiden and the fountain,
+Watch this forest-dwelling child.
+
+Though a warrior, brave, undaunted
+By the fiercest, wildest foe,
+In the battle's hardest struggle,
+Chasing bear and buck and doe;
+For his life was used to hardships,
+Scaling mountains in the chase,
+Yet he ne'er was known to falter
+'Mid the hottest of the race.
+
+But he now was moved by caution
+To approach, with greatest care,
+The unknown maid, there before him,
+And the scene so rich and rare;
+And his brave heart almost failed him
+As he comes up to her side,
+And obeisance makes he to her,
+E'er the chieftain she espied.
+
+Occoneechee sprang up quickly
+From the rock moss-covered seat,
+All abashed, but lithe and nimble
+Were her ankles and her feet.
+"O-I-see-you," were the greetings
+They exchanged spontaneously,
+As they moved off together.
+Occoneechee leads the way,
+
+To the quiet little wigwam,
+Where old Junaluska dwells
+With the maiden Occoneechee,
+And for whom his heart up-wells.
+Spreading out the flowing doe-skin
+Flat upon the earthen floor,
+Occoneechee and the warrior
+Sat and talked the chases o'er.
+
+Sat and talked of bear and venison,
+Sat and smoked the calumet.
+These the greetings of the warrior,
+When the maiden first he met.
+Whippoorwill, the wandering warrior,
+Tarried for a night and day,
+Tarried long within the wigwam,
+And was loath to go away,
+
+For the maid and Junaluska
+To the warrior were so kind,
+That 'twere hard among the tribesmen
+Such a generous clan to find.
+But at dawn upon the morrow,
+Whippoorwill must wend his way
+From old Junaluska's wigwam,
+For too long had been his stay.
+
+Kind affection, Junaluska
+Gave to parting Whippoorwill,
+As he sauntered from the wigwam,
+Wandering toward the rugged rill.
+Now the silence so unbroken
+Starts a tear-drop in each eye,
+And the gentle passing zephyr
+Gathered up the lover's sigh,
+
+And the sighs were borne to heaven,
+Like as lovers' sighs ascend,
+As the good angelic zephyrs
+Bear the message, friend to friend.
+Now each heart was sore and lonely,
+Sad the parting lovers feel,
+Yet the hopes of love's devotion
+Deep into each life did steal.
+
+And when Whippoorwill had left them,
+Good old Junaluska said
+To his daughter Occoneechee,
+"Would you like this brave to wed?"
+Occoneechee, timid maiden,
+Never thought of love before,
+For she ne'er had spread the doe-skin
+Wide upon the earthen floor,
+
+For a warrior, brave as he was,
+One possessed of skill so rare,
+With his tomahawk and war knife,
+And such long black raven hair;
+And she knew not how to answer,
+Though she felt as lovers do,
+When they plight their deep devotion
+To each other to be true.
+
+"Occoneechee! child of wild woods,
+I am growing old and gray,
+And I feel I soon must leave you,
+Though I grieve to go away.
+I can feel the hand of time, child,
+Pressing down upon my head,
+And I know it won't be long now
+Till I'm resting with the dead.
+
+"I can hear your mother calling,
+Sweetly, gently, calling me,
+Beckoning from the golden sunset,
+And she calls also for thee.
+'Twas just last night she stood beside me,
+While you lay there sound asleep,
+And she called me, 'Junaluska!'
+And her voice caused me to weep.
+
+"And she said, 'Dear Junaluska,
+I have come to tell you where
+You will find me at the portals
+Of the Lord's house over there.
+I will be among the blessed,
+Be with angels up on high.
+Have no fears of Death's dark river,
+Be courageous till you die.'
+
+"Then she stood and sang a message
+O'er you in your lonely bed,
+For a moment, then departed;
+And I called, but she had fled.
+Yet I daily hear her sweet voice,
+And I see her image there,
+As she calls us unto heaven,
+'Mid the pleasures, O, so rare.
+
+"And I soon shall cross the river,
+And will join her on the strand,
+With immortals long departed,
+In the fair, blest, happy land.
+When I'm gone you'll need protection,
+By a brave who knows no fear,
+And when sorrows overflow you,
+One to wipe away the tear.
+
+"Then I'll watch and wait with Qualla,
+With the chiefs and warriors brave,
+Who have joined the tribe eternal,
+Conquered death, hell and the grave.
+I shall watch then for your coming,
+And I'll tell the mighty throng
+That you're coming in the future,
+And we'll greet you with the song,
+
+"That the seraphs sing in glory,
+Casting gem crowns at the feet,
+Praising Him who reigns forever
+On the grand tribunal seat."
+As he talked his voice grew weaker,
+And his hand grew very chill,
+Then the moisture crowned his forehead,
+And his pulse was deathly still.
+
+Then she knew that her dear mother
+And the great chiefs that had been
+Had op'ed the gate of heaven wide
+To let another brave chief in.
+Then she sobbed out for her father,
+As a broken-hearted child
+Will for loved ones just departed,
+Left so lonely in the wild.
+
+But the dead, too soon forgotten,
+Now lies buried by the side
+Of his much lamented Qualla,
+Once his sweet and lovely bride,
+While their spirits dwell together,
+Free from care and want and pain,
+Where the tempest full of sorrow
+Ne'er can reach their souls again.
+
+Years had flown since Occoneechee
+Saw her loving Whippoorwill,
+High upon the Smoky Mountain,
+Near the crystal rippling rill;
+For the white man had transported
+Brave and squaw and little child
+Far away to Oklahoma,
+To the western hills so wild.
+
+Some had gone to the Dakotas,
+Some had gone to Mexico,
+Some had joined the tribe eternal;
+All were going, sure but slow.
+For the white man's occupation,
+Cherokee must give their land,
+And must give up all possessions,
+Go and join some other band.
+
+Yet a residue of tribesmen
+Were allowed here to remain,
+'Mid the mountains and the forest,
+And the meadows and the plain,
+But the strong men and the warriors,
+Most of them had gone away,
+Far across the mighty mountains
+Toward the closing of the day.
+
+General Jackson's men in blue coats
+Came and took away the braves,
+Took away the squaw and papoose,
+Buried many in their graves,
+Yet the residue triumphant,
+Roamed out in the forest wild,
+Without shelter, food or comfort,
+For decrepid chief and child.
+
+Sad and weary, long and dreary,
+Moved the Cherokee out West,
+With their store of skins and venison,
+And the trinkets they possessed.
+Up across the Smoky Mountains,
+Rough and rugged trail and road,
+Lined by rhododendron blossoms,
+Close beside where Lufty flowed.
+
+When they down the gorge descended,
+Winding toward the Tennessee,
+Branch and bough o'erhead were bending
+And no landscape could they see,
+And the labyrinthian footway
+Led through forests dense and dark
+And the air was sweetly laden
+With the bruised birchen bark;
+
+Hemlocks tall and swaying gently
+In the sighing passing breeze,
+And the fir and spreading balsam
+Joined the cadence of the trees.
+At the base of birch and hemlock
+Flowed the Pigeon fierce and bold,
+With its water clear as crystal,
+And its fountains icy cold;
+
+Flowed the dauntless rapid waters,
+Fresh and pure and ever free,
+Rushed o'er cataract and cascade,
+Ever onward toward the sea.
+Whippoorwill, the wandering warrior,
+Shorn of power and of pride,
+Marched in single file and lonely,
+With his hands behind him tied.
+
+Hands were bound with thongs and fetters--
+Thongs and fetters could not hold
+Brave so gallant young and noble
+As this valiant warrior bold.
+For his thoughts of Occoneechee,
+Who was left far, far behind,
+With the residue of women,
+Stirred his brave heart and his mind.
+
+On and on for days they traveled
+By the stream whose silver flow,
+From the great high Smoky Mountains,
+Became silent now and slow;
+For the rocks and rising ridges,
+Once their progress did impede,
+Now were fading in the distance,
+Could not now retard their speed.
+
+And the journey, long and tedious,
+Wore the women, wore the brave,
+And they sore and much lamented,
+To be bound as serf or slave;
+For their free-born spirits never
+Had been bound by man before,
+Till the blue-coat Jackson soldier
+Came and dragged them from their door.
+
+Corn was blooming on the lowlands
+When the journey they betook,
+And the grass gave much aroma,
+By the laughing Soco brook;
+But the suns and moons oft waning
+Brought the moon of ripening corn
+To a nation, broken-hearted,
+With a doubting hope forlorn.
+
+Level lands brought no enchantment
+To a people who had known
+Naught but freedom till the present,
+Whose utopian dream had flown;
+Flown as flows the radiant river,
+Flown as flows the hopes of youth,
+From the red man of the forest.
+They were no more free, forsooth.
+
+By and by the Father Waters
+Came in view of brave and squaw,
+And the skiff and side-wheel steamer
+Were the shifting scenes they saw,
+Plying fast the Father Waters,
+With a current slow and still,
+And reverberating whistles
+Shrieked a medley loud and shrill.
+
+And the ferryboat was busy,
+Plying fast the liquid wave
+Of the Father Water's current,
+Bearing squaw and chief and brave,
+Till the last brave Indian warrior
+Crossed the Father Waters' tide,
+Crossed the gentle flowing river,
+With its current deep and wide.
+
+Then they rested from their journey,
+Rested for a little while,
+On the bluff above the river,
+Where they saw her laughing smile.
+They could see the sun at morning
+Rise up quickly from his rest,
+See him hasting to his zenith,
+Soon to go down in the west.
+
+Then the winter came on quickly,
+Killing corn and grass and cane,
+And the wind brought cloudy weather,
+With its snow and mist and rain,
+And the tribe within the barracks
+Were disheartened, one and all.
+And they longed now for their Lufty,
+With its cascade and its fall.
+
+But at last the genial sunshine
+Took away the ice that froze
+The corn of hope, from the tribesmen,
+And the chilly wind that blows,
+Along the valley, of the river,
+Over bog and prairie, too;
+And an order came with springtime,
+"You the journey must renew."
+
+Then they rose up in the morning,
+Rose before the dawn of day,
+Rolled and tied the tents together,
+And were quickly on their way,
+On their way to Oklahoma,
+Out across Missouri land,
+Chief and squaw and wary warrior,
+Marched the Cherokee brave band.
+
+To the western reservation,
+Where the bison and the owl,
+And the she-wolf, fox and serpent
+Writhe and roam and nightly prowl;
+This the country where they took them,
+This the country that they gave
+In exchange for their own country,
+To the chief and squaw and brave.
+
+Leaving all they loved behind them,
+Leaving all to them most dear,
+And they settled there so lonely,
+In a country dry and drear;
+There to pine away in sorrow,
+And repining, die of grief;
+From the solitude and silence
+Of this land there's no relief.
+
+
+
+
+
+II.
+
+Amid the hills of Carolina,
+Hills impregnant with rich bliss,
+With their grots and groves and fountains,
+Hills that love-beams love to kiss;
+Roamed the dark, but pretty maiden,
+Occoneechee, lovely child,
+Roamed she far out in the mountains,
+'Mid their solitude so wild.
+
+Dreamed she oft here, as she rambled,
+Of her warrior Whippoorwill,
+Of her lover, long her lover,
+Whom she first met near the rill,
+High upon the Smoky Mountains,
+Where the sunset's afterglow
+Holds the secrets of Dame Nature
+From the sons of men below.
+
+Occoneechee sought her lover,
+Down Oconaluftee's vale,
+Through the brush and tangled wildwood,
+Without compass, chart or trail,
+Where the river Tuckaseigee
+Dashes down its rocky bed,
+Near a trail long since deserted,
+Over which a tribe once sped.
+
+Then she wandered down the river,
+On and on, as on it flows,
+Wades the river, wades its branches,
+Follows it where'er it goes
+Through the laurel brush and ivy,
+Over spreading beds of fern,
+Over rock moss-covered ledges,
+Follows every winding turn,
+
+Till it flows into the river,
+Called the Little Tennessee,
+Here she lingers long and tarries,
+And she strains her eyes to see
+If her vision will reveal him,
+And abates her breath to hear
+The voice of Whippoorwill, her lover,
+One of all to her most dear.
+
+Yet no sound came to relieve her,
+And no vision came to please,
+And it never dawned upon her,
+Here among the virgin trees,
+That her lover was transported,
+With the brave and chief and child
+To the land of Oklahoma,
+Land so lonely, weird and wild.
+
+Up the stream she then ascended,
+Slowly, surely did she march,
+'Neath the spreading oak and hemlock,
+Resting oft beneath their arch.
+Walls of solid spar and granite
+Roared their heads up toward the blue,
+But no wall or hill or river
+Could impede the maiden true.
+
+She now reached the Nantahala,
+Picturesque in every way,
+And she rested 'neath the shadow
+Of the mountain tall and gray;
+High the mountain, clear the water,
+That comes rushing down the side
+Of the mountain from the forest
+With its unpolluted tide.
+
+Speckled beauties swam the water,
+Swam as only they can do;
+Deer in herds roamed all the forest,
+Only Cherokees were few.
+Eagles, swift upon their pinions,
+Soared aloft upon the air,
+They would turn their eyes to heaven,
+Then down on the maiden fair,
+
+As to guard her in her roaming,
+For she had no other guide,
+Save one squaw and constellation,
+And the racing river tide.
+Birds had ceased their long migration,
+Not a cloud disturbed the blue
+Of the canopy of heaven,
+And the country they passed through.
+
+Nightingale and thrush and robin
+Mated, sang and dwelt serene,
+In the forest, by the river,
+With its banks so fresh and green,
+And each spoke to Occoneechee,
+In the language Nature gives,
+Of the flora and the fauna,
+Where the child of Nature lives.
+
+Then she rambled through the mountains,
+To the summit, grand and high,
+Where Tusquittee's bald and forest
+Penetrates the cloudless sky.
+Unobstructed vision reaches
+'Cross the Valley River, wide,
+To the Hiawassee river,
+Flowing in its lordly pride.
+
+Here the panorama rises
+In its beauty grand and gay,
+As you linger on the summit,
+As you hesitating stay;
+Visions long out in the distance;
+Haunt you with enchanted smile,
+And the reverie of Nature
+Doth the wanderer beguile.
+
+Valleytown, the Indian village,
+And Aquone, the camping ground,
+Cheoas vale within the distance,
+Once where Cherokee were found,
+Came within the easy focus
+Of the trained observant eye
+Of the maiden on the mountain,
+Near the clearest vaulted sky.
+
+Occoneechee looked and wondered,
+Scanned the mountain, scanned the vale,
+And she lifted up her voice there,
+And began to weep and wail;
+For her lover, long departed,
+For her lover brave and true,
+And she wondered if he tarried
+In the reaches of her view.
+
+Still no sight or sound revealed him,
+Beauty smiled and smiled again,
+As she sighed and prayed to Nature,
+Yet her anxious thoughts were vain.
+For the valley and the mountain,
+And the river and the rill,
+Separated Occoneechee
+From her lover Whippoorwill.
+
+Then she to the Hiawassee,
+Wound the mountain-side and vale,
+And she made a boat of hemlock,
+And she left the mountain trail,
+And she launched the boat of hemlock
+On the Hiawassee tide,
+Launched the boat and went within it,
+Down the silver stream to glide.
+
+Down the river set with forest,
+Nottely joins the quickened pace
+Of the river and the maiden,
+In their onward rapid race,
+And she passes through the narrows,
+Through the narrows quick she flew,
+Through the spray and foaming current,
+With her long hemlock canoe.
+
+Faster sped the boat of hemlock,
+Past the mountains and the shoal,
+Past the inlet Conasauga,
+Where Okoee waters roll;
+Here she stopped to make inquiry
+Of a relegated brave.
+If he'd seen her wandering lover,
+In the forest, by the wave.
+
+Then she left the boat of hemlock,
+Roamed the forest far and wide,
+Crossed the mountain streams and fountains,
+With their cliff and foaming tide,
+Followed far Okoee river,
+Toccoa laves her weary feet,
+Ellijay and Coogawattee
+Do the pretty maiden greet.
+
+Not a word in all her wanderings
+Did she hear of Whippoorwill,
+Though she roamed through leagues of forest,
+And by many a rippling rill.
+Candy creek and Oostanula,
+Both were followed to their source,
+With their winding current flowing
+In their ever onward course.
+
+Where the brave had traveled with her,
+And had told her many tales
+Of the wars he'd been engaged in,
+And the windings of the trails,
+Over which the tribe had traveled
+In the years that long had flown,
+And the land now held by strangers,
+Which his tribe once called their own.
+
+And at evening in the autumn,
+When the leaves turn brown and red,
+And the hickory and the maple
+Gild with yellow as they shed,
+And the poplar and the chestnut,
+And the beech and chinquapin,
+Hide the squirrel and the pheasant
+From the sight of selfish men;
+
+Where the grapevine climbs the alder,
+Clings with tendril to the pine,
+And the air is sweetly laden
+With rich odors from the vine;
+And the walnut and the dogwood
+Furnish dainties rich and rare,
+For the chipmunk and the partridge,
+Which perchance do wander there.
+
+Where the otter slide is slickened,
+And the weasel and the mink
+Do come creeping down the river,
+There to bathe and fish and drink,
+And the red fox roams the forest,
+And defies the fleetest hound,
+And the panther in the forest
+Makes a hideous screaming sound.
+
+Here the brave would sit and tell them
+Tales and myths told oft before,
+Tales of war and of adventure,
+By great chiefs now known no more;
+And one night they heard the shrieking
+Of a wildcat near the stream,
+That awakened them from slumber
+And disturbed their peaceful dream;
+
+For a panther, fierce and fearless,
+Had come creeping down the side
+Of the cliffs far up the mountain,
+Near the Hiawassee tide,
+And they met down near the river,
+And they fought down near the stream,
+And they made the night grow hideous
+With their awful shrieks and scream.
+
+Then she took her boat of hemlock,
+And they launched it on the wave,
+And they sat upon its gunnels,
+Occoneechee squaw and brave,
+And they pushed out in the current,
+Where the waves were rolling high,
+And the boat sped through the rapids,
+Fast as flocks of pigeons fly.
+
+Pushed they down and ever onward
+Toward the placid Tennessee,
+To the island and the inlet
+Of the rolling Hiawassee.
+Here they camped o'er night and rested,
+Told they tales of long ago,
+With their memories and sorrows
+Breathed they out their care and woe.
+
+Then they floated down the river,
+On its smooth, unrippled tide.
+To the creek of Chicamauga,
+Where so many braves had died.
+And they tented near the river,
+Tied their boat up to the bank,
+Where John Ross had crossed the river,
+Where his ferryboat once sank.
+
+Wandered through the vale of dryness,
+Chattanooga's pretty flow,
+Clear as crystal, pure as sunbeams,
+Winding hither too and fro.
+Drank the waters, bathed they in it,
+Fished and hunted stream and plain,
+Where the buffalo once wandered,
+But where none now doth remain.
+
+Like a serpent that is crawling,
+Wriggling, writhing, resting not,
+Fleeing from a strange invader
+To some lone secluded spot,
+Winds and curves and turns forever,
+In its course that has no end,
+Swings to starboard and to larboard,
+Round the Moccasin's great bend.
+
+Flows the river on forever,
+By the nodding flowering tree,
+Shedding fragrance like a censer,
+Flows the pretty Tennessee;
+On her bosom's crest is carried
+Precious burdens, rich and rare,
+From the fertile fields about her,
+And the ozone-laden air.
+
+Occoneechee squaw and warrior
+Rode the silver-flowing tide,
+in the boat made out of hemlock,
+Which so long had been their pride;
+But the time now came for parting,
+As must come in every life,
+That is heir to human nature,
+With its toil and woe and strife.
+
+Here Sequatchie's fertile valley,
+They approached and must ascend,
+Like the cloud before the sunbeam,
+Driven by the fiercest wind;
+Then they hid the boat of hemlock,
+Sure and safe, then bade adieu,
+To the boat upon the river,
+Which had been their friend so true.
+
+Then they mounted little ponies,
+Fresh and sleek and fat and fast,
+And they sped along the valley,
+Like the birds upon the blast,
+Looking for the handsome warrior,
+Looking hither, glancing there,
+And quite often on the journey,
+They would stop to offer prayer;
+
+But the valley held the secret;
+Not a living man could wrest,
+From the valley rich and fertile,
+Secrets buried in its breast;
+Though the tribe had ceased to own it,
+Though the tribe had passed away,
+From the valley of Sequatchie,
+Like the fading of the day,
+
+Still the signs and many tokens
+Told a tale of war and strife,
+Where the whites had used the rifle,
+And the braves had used the knife,
+For the bleaching bones of warriors
+Were discovered everywhere,
+And the hideous sight brought sorrow,
+To this maiden now so fair,
+
+Birds were singing in the forest,
+Merrily and full of glee,
+And a symphony unrivaled
+Flooded forestland and lea;
+With the mellow tones from singers,
+Varied, versatile and sweet,
+Came from forest and from meadow,
+Came the attuned ear to greet.
+
+And when evening shade would settle,
+And the moon full rose to view,
+And the zephyrs filled the valley,
+And the flowers suffused with dew,
+Then the nightingale would lure them
+Or the mockingbird hold sway,
+From the advent of Orion,
+Till the dawning of the day.
+
+Stretching meadows lay before them,
+Rich with fragrance, rare with flowers,
+Variegated blending colors
+Lent a rapture to its bowers,
+That outstripped the fields elysian,
+Decked with Nature's rarest guise,
+Pleasure-house for wisest sages,
+Such as only fools despise.
+
+Such the scenes within the valley,
+As they joyous sped along,
+Filled with rapture, filled with pleasure,
+At the scenery and the song.
+Nature clapped her hands exultant,
+In the sylvan groves so green,
+Where the Goddess Proserpina
+Was enthroned majestic queen.
+
+Mighty warriors red with passion,
+Once had trod this virgin soil,
+And had rested in the valley,
+When o'ercome by heat and toil;
+Sportive maidens once delighted
+To engage in dance and song,
+With the warriors in the valley,
+With the chieftains brave and strong.
+
+But the mighty men and maidens
+Long since ceased this land to roam,
+Since the pale face armed with power,
+Killed the braves and burned the home,
+Took the land and burned the wigwam,
+Bound the chief and drove away,
+All the warriors, squaws and maidens,
+Toward the golden close of day.
+
+Happy children, wild with rapture,
+Laughed with ecstasy and glee,
+Once had filled the vale with echoes,
+And had sported lithe and free,
+All along the hill-locked valley,
+Played lacrosse and strung the bow,
+Ran the races, caught the squirrel,
+In the distant long ago.
+
+Sped they like the rolling torrent,
+Thru the Appalachian chain,
+With its towering peaks and gorges,
+'Mid its sunshine and its rain,
+Sped along the flowing Chuckey,
+With its reddened banks of clay,
+Were delighted by its beauty,
+Were enticed with it to stay;
+
+Saw the rushing, rolling waters
+Fall and foam and seeth below,
+Saw the cascade of Watauga
+Surging hither to and fro;
+Looked with tireless vision upward,
+Viewed from summits high and proud,
+Landscapes grander than Olympus,
+With their crags above the cloud.
+
+"Occoneechee," said the warrior,
+In a gentle tone, and mild,
+"I remember all this grandeur,
+Since I was a little child,
+I have traveled trail and mountain,
+Chased Showono, deer and bear,
+Crossed Kentucky in the chases,
+Seen the blue-grass state so fair.
+
+Once while hotly, I pursuing,
+Buck with antlers fierce and strong,
+Came upon a band of white men,
+With their rifles black and long,
+Came a flash of rifle powder,
+Quick as lightning came the sounds,
+From reverberating rifles,
+And the bark of baying hounds.
+
+They had slain the buck with antlers,
+And would be upon me soon,
+If discovered by their captain,
+By their captain, Daniel Boone;
+He the hunter, Indian hater,
+Chief and captain, pioneer,
+Known to every tribe and tribesman,
+To be destitute of fear.
+
+Quick I back into the forest,
+Without noise or slightest sound,
+Lest perchance I draw attention,
+From the hunter or his hound.
+'Twas a wilderness of wildness,
+Transylvania was its name,
+Home of coon and hare and turkey,
+And all sorts of kindred game.
+
+Once the noble chiefs and warriors
+Roamed Kentucky far and wide,
+Far along the broad Ohio,
+Strode the Indians by her tide;
+And they camped and roamed the forest,
+Dense and dark, supremely grand,
+Dominated vale and forest,
+Dominated all the land;
+
+Chased the scouting bands of warriors,
+Who would dare to camp and die,
+On the soil of old Kentucky,
+Where the meadow grass grew high;
+Hiding 'neath the waving grasses,
+Where the muskrat and the snake,
+And the hedge hog and the weasel,
+Lurked in shade of vine and brake.
+
+I was with good Junaluska,
+In the battles and the raids,
+Where the Creek and the Showano
+Lent each other all their aids,
+When upon the Tallapoosa
+River, at the Horseshoe bend,
+We joined hands with General Jackson,
+And by death we made an end,
+
+Of the Creeks and all their allies,
+Who assembled, one and all.
+To resist our mighty forces,
+They had built their mighty wall,
+Built it strong and reinforced it,
+Not a single spot was weak,
+For 'twas built by master workmen,
+By the tribesmen of the Creek.
+
+When the work was strong and finished,
+All the warriors came to dwell
+In the fortress, by the river,
+Came they tales of war to tell;
+Came a thousand of the warriors,
+With their weapons and their wives,
+Came and lodged within the fortress,
+Like the swarming bees in hives;
+
+Brought their children and their chattels,
+Brought they gun, and club and spear,
+For they thought once in the fortress,
+That they'd have no harm to fear,
+But the Cherokee and Jackson
+Brought out cannon great and small,
+And they raised the siege of Horseshoe,
+Throwing many a shell and ball;
+
+Into fortress, into village,
+Flew the missiles thick and fast,
+Like the rain, among the rigging,
+Of the sailor's spar and mast,
+Crushing, crashing stone of fortress,
+Making splinters of the wall,
+Of the fortress by the river,
+With the heavy cannon ball.
+
+But it fell not in the fury
+Of the battle's hottest fray,
+Stood the test like old Gibraltar,
+All the night and all the day,
+And the progress was so slowly,
+That the battle must be lost,
+To the Cherokee and Jackson,
+And so great would be the cost,
+
+If some means were not discovered,
+To dislodge the valiant Creek,
+Now entrenched within the fortress,
+Growing strong instead of weak.
+Junaluska said to Jackson,
+'Choose ye this day man or men,
+Who can breast the tide before you,
+Who will try to enter in;
+
+Who can swim the Tallapoosa,
+Who can stem the flowing tide,
+Who are noble, strong and fearless,
+And have God upon their side.
+If you have such men among you,
+Let them come forth one and all,
+Let them dare to do their duty,
+Let them dare to stand or fall.'
+
+Not one man of all the white men
+Could be found who dared to try
+To o'ercome the Tallapoosa,
+Or would risk his life to die.
+So your guide whom God has given,
+Volunteered to risk the wave,
+With your father, Junaluska,
+Volunteered, his tribe to save.
+
+Then we sought our God in silence,
+And became resigned to death,
+That lay out upon the current
+Of the river's silent breath.
+Under cover of the darkness,
+And the solitude of night,
+We betook the awful peril,
+With a tremor of delight.
+
+Silently we now descended
+To the deathlike river tide,
+Following a star's reflection,
+For a signboard and a guide;
+To point out the right direction,
+And to bring us into port,
+Where the canoes lay at anchor,
+Near the stolid silent fort.
+
+Quick we loosed them from their moorings
+Each man lashed beside his boat--
+Quite a dozen, swift as arrows,
+And we set them all afloat;
+Shot them straight across the river,
+Like a flash at lightning speed,
+Faster than the fleetest greyhound,
+Bounding like a blooded steed.
+
+When we reached the army's landing,
+Quick the boats were filled with men;
+Like a thunderbolt from heaven,
+Did the deadly work begin.
+Transports glided o'er the current,
+Like a shuttle to and fro,
+Moving Cherokee and white men,
+To confront a worthy foe.
+
+Scaled the ramparts of the fortress,
+Stormed the inner citadel,
+And we massacred the inmates!
+How? No human tongue can tell.
+Not a woman, child or human
+Made escape, but all were slain
+In the fort or in the river,
+Or upon the gory plain.
+
+When the massacre and slaughter
+Had abated, all the slain
+Numbered more than a thousand,
+In the fort or on the plain.
+Many floated in the river,
+Many died out in the woods,
+And were buried in the forest,
+By erosion or the floods.
+
+Sad and silent stood the fortress,
+All deserted and alone;
+Not a man or child or matron,
+Now was left to claim their own.
+All the warriors and the chieftains
+Died in conflict true and brave;
+None were left to tell the story,
+Or to mark some lonely grave.
+
+Cruel man! O God, forgive them!
+Pity such a cruel race.
+In their stead, O God of nations,
+Send some one to take their place,
+Who is humane, who is human,
+Who is honest, kind and true,
+Who when given strength and power,
+Destroys not, but spares a few.
+
+In the lore of ancient nations,
+In the tales of modern times,
+In the prose that now remaineth,
+Nor the poet's splendid rhymes,
+Is a story told more cruel
+Than the slaughter of the Creeks,
+By the Persians, Jews or Romans,
+Macedonians or Greeks;
+
+Where a nation, like a shadow,
+Vanished quickly and was not,
+Like a vapor in the valley
+Passes and is soon forgot.
+Passes like a fleeing phantom,
+Like a mist before the sun,
+Came and tarried for a moment,
+And forever was undone.
+
+Occoneechee, come and travel,
+To the distant mountains high,
+Where the summit of the mountains,
+Tower upward toward the sky.
+Delectable the splendid mountains,
+Rich in ferns forever green,
+And the galaxy of the mountains
+Are the rarest ever seen.
+
+Mortal eyes have never witnessed,
+Mortal tongue can never tell
+Of the grandeur and the beauty
+Of the ravine and the dell.
+Strange declivities confront you,
+Then a sudden upright wall
+Rises like a mystic figure,
+With a splendid waterfall.
+
+I will take you to the summit
+Of the mountains white with age,
+And will show you where the tempests
+Rush and roar with ceaseless rage,
+Where phenomena electric
+Makes mysterious display
+Of their power and their beauty
+In the distance far away;
+
+You can see the flash of lightning,
+And can hear the thunders roll,
+With reverberating echoes,
+That o'erwhelm your very soul,
+Make you sigh and shake and shudder,
+Make you tremble like a leaf,
+Make you crouch in soul and body,
+Like the life o'ercome with grief.
+
+Yet you stand and gaze in wonder,
+Watch the elements grown dark;
+Adoration turns to terror,
+At the least electric spark;
+Vivid flashes light the heavens,
+Keep them in perpetual glow,
+Like aurora borealis
+From beyond eternal snow.
+
+God eternal sends the sunshine,
+Melts the vapor, chains the cloud,
+Cages up the lightning flashes,
+Stops the peels of thunder loud.
+Changes discord into music,
+And the soul with it He thrills,
+From the music on the mountains,
+Made by leaping, laughing rills.
+
+Look! behold the ray that cometh,
+Fills the earth with hope again,
+Dissipates the clouds and vapor,
+With their shadows and their rain.
+See the sunburst full of glory,
+Shoot forth rays of gilt and gold,
+Sung by bards, portrayed by artists
+Yet its glory ne'er was told.
+
+Painters fail to give description,
+Fail on canvas to portray,
+Rising sun within the mountains,
+And the glorious dawn of day;
+Sages, bards and humble poets,
+All are pigmies in the eyes
+Of the one who stands and watches
+Sunshine from its sleep arise.
+
+Picturesque! O scenes eternal!
+From the dizzy, dizzy heights
+Of Grandfather, Rone and Linville,
+From which rivers take their flights.
+Yadkin, Broad and the Catawbas,
+Where the Indians used to roam,
+Are the habitation only
+Of the white man and his home.
+
+High upon the Linville mountains
+Creeps a silent silver stream,
+From the shadows of the forest,
+Like the splendor of a dream,
+Then it runs amid the boulders,
+Joins with many sparkling rills,
+That comes rushing from the forest,
+Of those high eternal hills,
+
+Till its speed becomes augmented,
+Till you hear the rushing sounds,
+Of the Linville river raging,
+As it leaps and falls and bounds,
+As it dashes through the granite,
+Falls into the natural pool,
+Built by nature in the chasm,
+With its water clear and cool.
+
+In the Blue Ridge range of mountains
+Stand a thousand spires and domes,
+Built of adamant eternal,
+From whose base the river roams,
+Like the maiden Occoneechee,
+Wanders out replete with tears,
+Into strange lands, unto strangers,
+Thru the lapse of passing years,
+
+Longing to be reunited,
+With her fiance forever,
+From his presence and his wooing,
+To be separated never.
+Thus the river and the maiden
+Rambled through the mountains wild,
+Seeking for a long lost lover,
+As a mother seeks her child.
+
+Climbs the black dome of the mountain,
+Richest pinnacle e'er seen;
+And the landscape lay before her,
+With its mounds and vales between.
+Lends enchantment grand and gorgeous,
+Gives a new lease unto life,
+And you soon forget you're living
+In a world of care and strife.
+
+Thus Mount Mitchell in the Blue Ridge,
+Zenith hill among the hills,
+Sends forth life anew forever,
+And a thousand rippling rills.
+In the distance the Savannah's
+Flows a stream of pure delight,
+Flows she on, and on forever,
+Never stopping day or night.
+
+For her mission is a true one,
+And the river ever true,
+Rolls along the grandest valley,
+That a river e'er rolled through;
+Peopled by a population
+Rich in soul and thought divine,
+From her source up in the mountains,
+Till her soul the sea entwines.
+
+Turning to the sun that's setting,
+Setting far beyond the rim,
+Of the horizon of vision,
+Where the eyes grow weak and dim,
+You behold the Swannanoa,
+Naiad, pure and fresh and sweet,
+Crystalline, and cool and limpid,
+Strays some other stream to greet.
+
+From the cliffside in the mountains
+Roll a thousand little streams,
+Laughing as they greet each other,
+Where the sunshine never beams;
+Rippling, idling, swirling slowly,
+Leaping down a waterfall,
+You can hear the drops of water,
+Sweetly to their compeers call.
+
+Down the valley glides the river,
+Murmuring a sad farewell,
+To the birds and bees and people,
+Who along its highway dwell;
+Wishing them a happy future,
+Wishing them prosperity,
+While it fills its many missions
+'Twixt the mountains and the sea.
+
+Bathing rocks, refreshing people,
+Casting up its silver spray,
+As it glides along the valley,
+Flows forever and for aye.
+Men may move their tents and chattels,
+Others die or go astray,
+Still the stream flows fresh forever,
+Never resting night or day.
+
+Giving life unto the flowers,
+Blooming on its verdant side,
+As it travels, as it journeys,
+As its ripples make their stride.
+In the gloaming of the twilight,
+When the birds had ceased to fly,
+And the dazzling dome of heaven
+Gave resplendence to the sky.
+
+Occoneechee, squaw and warrior,
+Watched the stream, as on it sped,
+Rippling o'er the pebbly bottom,
+Lying on its rocky bed;
+Grasses waving green around them,
+Nodding boughs bid them adieu,
+And it wafted them caresses,
+Like the sunbeams sparkling dew.
+
+Precious fragrance filled the valley,
+From the sweet shrub and the pine,
+Luscious fruits and ripening melons
+Lade the apple tree and vine.
+All along the pretty valley,
+Harvest fields and curing hay
+Make the white man rich and happy,
+Where the warriors used to stray.
+
+At the juncture of the river,
+Where the Indians used to dwell,
+Where they made their pots of red clay,
+Made them crude but made them well,
+Here they tented long and hunted,
+Fished the Tah-kee-os-tee stream,
+Strolled along the racing river,
+Where its rippling waters gleam.
+
+Moons passed on, and yet no greetings
+Came to cheer the wandering maid,
+Who so long had sought her lover,
+Till her hopes began to fade,
+And she felt that she must hasten,
+Quickly hasten thru the wild,
+By the rapid river racing,
+She the nature-loving child.
+
+Then they took their little ponies,
+Girt them with a roebuck hide,
+Seated on the nimble ponies,
+Started swiftly on the ride,
+On to Toxaway the river,
+On to Toxaway the lake,
+Where the leaf of vine and alder,
+Hide the muskrat and the snake.
+
+All along the racing river,
+Gorgeous forest trees are seen,
+And the wild deer in the forest
+Dwells beneath the coat of green.
+Here the beaver, hare and turkey
+Share their food and come to drink,
+In the splendid spreading forest,
+Near the Tah-kee-os-tee's brink.
+
+Here they fished and caught the rainbow,
+Caught the little mountain trout,
+In the lake and in the river,
+With their poles both crude and stout;
+Caught the squirrel and the pheasant,
+Chased the turkey, deer and bear,
+Caught a-plenty, all they needed,
+Yet they had not one to spare.
+
+In the sapphire land they lingered
+Many days and many nights,
+On the mountains, 'mid the laurel,
+Looking at the wondrous sights,
+That will greet you in the mountains,
+That you see in vales below,
+As you tread the paths untrodden,
+As you wander to and fro.
+
+In the forest land primeval
+Where the fountains form their heads,
+Lies the famous vale of flowers,
+Splendid valley of pink beds.
+Every tribe and every hunter
+Knows this lone secluded spot,
+From the other vales so famous;
+When once seen is ne'er forgot.
+
+In this vale of flowers and sunshine,
+Lies the Aidenn, most tranquil,
+Where the sore and heavy-laden,
+Gambol peacefully at will;
+Hear the trill of distant music,
+Played on Nature's vibrant chime,
+Resonant with sweetest concord
+All attuned to perfect time.
+
+Here the weary, heavy-laden
+Soul, may lose his load of care,
+And the body, sick and wounded,
+Find an answer to his prayer.
+Precious incense here arises,
+From the brasier of the vale
+That ascends the lofty mountains,
+By an unseen, trackless trail.
+
+Pisgah stands, the peer and rival
+Of Olympus, famed of old,
+Where the gods met in their councils,
+And their consultations held.
+Looking far across the valleys,
+They behold on either side,
+Rivers, vales and gushing fountains,
+Which forever shall abide.
+
+In the distance stands eternal,
+Junaluska's pretty mound,
+Which in beauty of the landscape
+Is the grandest ever found.
+Rushing streams of purest water,
+Giving off their silver spray,
+Add a beauty to the forest,
+In a new and novel way.
+
+And the balsam peaks of fir tree
+Looks like midnight in the day,
+Looks like shadows in the sunshine,
+In the fading far away.
+Dense and dark and much foreboding
+Apprehensions do declare,
+To the one who sleeps beneath them
+With its flood of balmy air.
+
+"Occoneechee, forest dweller,
+We have traveled many miles,
+Through the mountains, o'er the valleys,
+Where the face of Nature smiled;
+We have tasted of the fountains,
+Whence breaks forth the Keowee,
+Nymph of beauty, joy and pleasure,
+Once the home of Cherokee.
+
+We have rested near the water,
+Seen the fleck and shimmering flow,
+Of the waters kissed by Nature,
+Lovely river Tugaloo,
+Where the Cherokee once rambled,
+Spoiled 'mid the scenes so wild,
+Where the forest and the river
+Have the wood-gods oft beguiled.
+
+Wandered o'er the sapphire country,
+Land which doth the soul delight,
+With its mounds and vales and rivers;
+God ne'er made a holier site
+For the human race to dwell in,
+Where the human soul can rise,
+Higher in its aspirations
+Toward the rich Utopian skies"
+
+Here the lyrics sung by Nature,
+Played upon its strings of gold,
+Float out on the evening breezes,
+And its music ne'er grows old,
+To the soul and life and spirit,
+Which is bent and bowed with care.
+This the sweetest land Elysian,
+To the one who wanders there.
+
+Convolutions of the lilies,
+Tranquil bloom and curve and die,
+Near the river, 'neath the shadows
+Of the white pine, smooth and high.
+Sparkling, gleaming in the sunlight
+Bursts the water, pure and free,
+From the rocks high on the mountains,
+Once the home of Cherokee.
+
+Dancing, rippling, roaring, rushing,
+Comes Tallulah in its rage,
+Like an eagle bounding forward,
+From an exit in a cage.
+In the distance, you behold it
+Rise and babble, laugh and smile;
+Then amid the reeds and rushes,
+Turns and loiters for awhile.
+
+Then it curves among the eddies,
+Hastens on to meet the bend,
+In the meadows, like the fragrance
+Borne aloft upon the wind;
+Silently reflecting sunbeams
+To the distant verdant hill
+From its surface calm and placid,
+Smooth, untarnished little rill;
+
+Gleams and glides accelerated,
+As it gathers, as it grows,
+As the brook becomes a river,
+As it ever onward flows;
+Swirls and turns and dashes downward,
+Heaves and moans and dashes wild,
+For a chasm down the canyon,
+Like a lost, demented child;
+
+Furious, frantic, leaps and lashes
+Down into the great abyss,
+Falls and foams and seethes forever
+Where the rocks and river kiss.
+Tallulah Falls, the work and wonder
+Of the cycles and the age,
+Pours its deluge down the ravine,
+Unobstructed in its rage.
+
+Flying fowls of evil omen,
+Dare not stop it in its flight,
+Lest the river overwhelm them
+With its power of strength and might--
+Lest the river dash to pieces
+Bird or beast that would impede
+Such a torrent as confronts you
+With its force of fearful speed.
+
+Then it rushes fast and furious
+Into mist and fog and spray,
+Rises like the ghost of Banquo,
+Will not linger, stop nor stay.
+O'er the precipice it plunges,
+Bounds and surges down the steep,
+As it gushes forth forever,
+Toward the blue and boundless deep.
+
+In the Appalachian mountains
+Stands Satulah, high and proud,
+With its base upon the Blue Ridge,
+And its head above the cloud.
+From its top the panorama
+Rises grandly into view,
+And presents a thousand landscapes,
+Every one to Nature true.
+
+Round by round the mountains rise up,
+Round on round, and tier on tier,
+You behold them in their beauty,
+Through a vista, bright and clear.
+Like concentric circles floating,
+Ebbing on a crystal bay
+To the distance they're receding,
+Fading like declining day.
+
+Hardby stands the Whiteside Mountain,
+Like an athlete, strong and tall,
+Perpendicularly rising
+As a mighty granite wall;
+Towering o'er the Cashier's valley,
+Stretching calmly at its base,
+Like a bouquet of rich roses
+Beautifying Nature's vase.
+
+High above the other mountains,
+Whiteside stands in bold relief,
+With its court house and its cavern
+Refuge for the soul with grief;
+Like a monolith it rises
+To a grand majestic height,
+Till its crest becomes a mirror,
+To refract the rays of light.
+
+From its summit grand and gorgeous
+Like a splendid stereoscope,
+Comes a view yet undiscovered
+Full of awe, and life and hope.
+Smiling vales and nodding forests
+Greet you like a loving child,
+From the zenith of the mountain,
+Comes the landscape undefiled.
+
+Flying clouds pour forth their shadows,
+As the curious mystic maze
+Shrouds the mountains from the vision,
+With its dark and lowering haze.
+Fog so dense come stealing o'er you
+That you know not day from night,
+Till the rifting of the shadows
+Makes room for the golden light.
+
+In the Blue Ridge, near the headland
+In the Hamburg scenic mountains,
+Comes a silver flow of water
+From a score of dancing fountains,
+Tripping lightly, leaping gently,
+Slipping 'neath the underbrush
+Without noise it creepeth slowly
+Toward the place of onward rush.
+
+Floats along beneath the hemlock,
+Nods to swaying spruce and pine,
+Murmurs in its pebbly bottom
+Holds converse with tree and vine.
+Winds around the jutting ledges
+Of translucent spar and flint,
+With effulgence like the jasper
+With its glare and gleam and glint.
+
+Moving onward, moving ever,
+In its course o'er amber bed,
+While the bluejay and the robin
+Perch in tree top overhead;
+Perch and sing of joy and freedom,
+Fill the glen with pleasure's song,
+As the waters, fresh and sparkling,
+Rippling, gliding, pass along.
+
+Thus the Tuckaseigee river
+Rises far back in the dell,
+Where the dank marsh of the mountain
+Rise and fall, assuage and swell,
+Till its flow becomes augmented
+By a thousand little streams
+Coming from the rocky highlands
+Through their fissures and their seams.
+
+Fills the valley, passes quickly,
+Trips and falls a hundred feet,
+Swirls a moment, makes a struggle,
+Doth the same rash act repeat.
+Rushes, rages, fumes and surges,
+Dashes into mist and spray,
+Heaves and sighs, foments and lashes,
+As it turns to rush away;
+
+Roars and fills the earth and heaven
+With the pean of its rage,
+Plunges down deep in the gulches,
+Where the rocks are worn with age.
+Maddened by the sudden conflict,
+Starts anew to rend the wall
+That confines its turbid waters
+To the defile and the fall.
+
+Once again it leaps and rushes
+Toward the towering granite wall,
+And it bounds full many a fathom
+In its final furious fall.
+Much it moans and seethes and surges,
+Starts again at rapid speed,
+O'er the rocky pot-hole gushes
+Like a gaited blooded steed.
+
+Thus the Tuckaseigee river
+Falls into the great abyss
+Down the canyon, rough and rugged,
+Where the spar and granite kiss.
+Then it flows still fast and faster,
+With its flood both bright and clear,
+Through the cycles ripe with ages
+Month on month and year on year.
+
+Near the apex of the mountains,
+In the silence of the dale,
+Where no human foot has trodden
+Path or road or warrior's trail,
+From the tarn or seep there drippeth
+Crystal water bright and free,
+That becomes a nymph of beauty,
+Pretty vale of Cullowhee.
+
+In the spreading vale the townhouse,
+And the Indian village stood;
+In the alcove, well secluded,
+In the grove of walnut wood.
+Ancient chiefs held many councils,
+Sung the war-song, kept the dance,
+While the squaws and pretty maidens
+Vie each other in the prance.
+
+Cullowhee, thou stream and valley,
+Once the domicile and home,
+Of a people free and happy,
+Free from tribal fear and gloom,
+Where, O where, are thy great warriors--
+Where thy chiefs and warriors bold--
+Who once held in strict abeyance
+Those who plundered you of old?
+
+Gone forever are thy warriors,
+Gone thy chiefs and maidens fair,
+Vanished like the mist of summer,
+Gone! but none can tell us where.
+From their homes were hounded, driven,
+Like the timid hind or deer,
+Herded like the driven cattle,
+Forced from home by gun and spear.
+
+"Tell me, vale or rippling water,
+Tell me if ye can or will,
+If you've seen my long-lost lover
+Known as wandering Whippoorwill?"
+But the water, cool and placid,
+That comes from the mountain high
+Swirled a moment, then departing
+Made no answer or reply.
+
+Then the maiden's grief grew greater,
+As she lingered by the stream
+Watching for some sign or token
+Or some vision through a dream;
+But no dream made revelation,
+Only sorrow filled her years,
+And her eyes lost much of luster
+As her cheeks suffused with tears.
+
+Turning thence into the forest
+Over hill and brook and mound,
+To the Cullasaja river
+Through the forest land they wound;
+Through the tangled brush and ivy,
+Rough and rugged mountainside,
+Led the ponies through the forest,
+Far too steep for them to ride.
+
+They descended trails deserted,
+Where the chieftains used to go,
+Near the Cullasaja river,
+Near its rough uneven flow;
+Camped upon its bank at evening,
+Heard at night the roar and splash
+Of the voice of many waters
+Down the fearful cascade dash.
+
+Stood at sunrise where the shadow
+Of the cliffs cast darkening shade,
+Where the rainbows chase the rainbow
+Like as sorrows chased the maid.
+Traveled down the silver current,
+Rested often on the way,
+Strolled the banks and fished the current
+Of the crystal Ellijay.
+
+Pleasantly the winding current
+Eddies, swirls and loiters free
+Till it joins the radiant waters
+Of the little Tennessee;
+Where the mound stands in the meadow,
+Once the townhouse capped its crest,
+There the tribe was wont to gather,
+Council, plan and seek for rest.
+
+To the mound the tribe assembled,
+From the regions all around,
+Came from Cowee and Coweeta,
+Where the Cherokee abound;
+Came from Nantahala mountains,
+Skeenah and Cartoogechaye,
+Nickajack and sweet Iola,
+And from Choga far away.
+
+All the great men and the warriors
+Brought the women, and their wives,
+Came by hundreds without number,
+Like the swarms around the hives;
+But today there is no warrior,
+Not a maiden can be found,
+Tenting on the pretty meadow,
+Or upon Nik-wa-sa mound.
+
+In the Cowee spur of mountains,
+Stands the Bald and Sentinel,
+Of the valley and the river,
+Of the moorland and the dell.
+Like a pyramid it rises,
+Layer on layer and flight on flight
+Till its crest ascends the confines
+Of the grand imperial height.
+
+From its summit far receding,
+Contours of the mountains rise,
+Numerous as the constellations
+In the arched dome of the skies.
+Far away beyond the valley
+Double Top confronts the eye,
+Black Rock rises like a shadow
+On the blue ethereal sky.
+
+Jones' Knob makes its appearance,
+Highest, grandest height of all
+Penetrates the vault of heaven,
+None so picturesque or tall.
+Wayah, Burningtown and Wesser
+Raise their bald heads to the cloud
+High and haughty, rich in beauty
+And extremely vain and proud.
+
+Una and Yalaka mountains
+Stand so near up by the side
+Of the Cowee, that you'd take them
+For its consort or its bride.
+Festooned, wreathed and decorated
+With the honeysuckle bloom,
+And the lady-slipper blossom,
+There dispels the hour of gloom.
+
+Ginseng and the Indian turnip
+Grow up from their fallow beds
+In the dark coves of the mountains,
+With their beaded crimson heads.
+Fertile fields and stately meadows
+Stretch along the sylvan streams
+And surpass the fields Elysian,
+Seen in visionary dreams.
+
+From the summit of the Cowee
+In the season of the fall,
+Fog fills all the pretty valley
+Settles like the deathly pall,
+Coming from the rill and river,
+To the isothermal belt,
+Where the sunbeam meets the fog-line
+And the frost and ices melt.
+
+Jutting tops of verdant mountains
+Penetrate the fog below,
+As the islands in the ocean
+Form the archipelago.
+Sea of fog stands out before you,
+With its islands and its reef
+Silent and devoid of murmur
+As the quivering aspen leaf.
+
+"Occoneechee, look to Northland,
+See the Smoky Mountains rise,
+Like a shadow in the valley
+Or a cloud upon the skies.
+Many days since you beheld them
+In their grand, majestic height;
+Many days from these you've wandered
+From their fountains, pure and bright.
+
+"Hie thee to the Smoky Mountains,
+Tarry not upon the plain,
+Linger not upon the border
+Of the fields of golden grain.
+Flee thee as a kite or eagle,
+Not a moment stop or stay,
+Hasten to Oconaluftee,
+Be not long upon the way.
+
+"I have much to speak unto you
+E'er I take my final leave,
+Some will sadden, some will gladden,
+Some bring joy and some will grieve.
+All our legends, myths and stories
+Soon will fall into decay,
+And I must transmit them to you
+E'er I turn to go away.
+
+"Mount thee, mount thee quick this pony,
+Spryly spring upon its back,
+Leave no vestige, sign or token
+Or the semblance of a track,
+Whereby man may trace or trail thee,
+In the moorland or morass,
+By the radiant river flowing
+Or secluded mountain pass.
+
+"Grasp the reins, hold fast the girdle,
+Like flamingoes make your flight
+To the great dome of the mountain
+That now gleams within your sight.
+Clingman's Dome, the crowning glory
+Of the high erupted hills,
+They will shield you and protect you,
+With its cliffs and rolling rills."
+
+Sped they like the rolling current,
+Sped they like a gleam of light,
+Sped they as the flying phantom
+Or a swallow in its flight,
+To their refuge in the mountain,
+To the temple of the earth,
+Near the lonely spot secluded,
+That had known her from her birth.
+
+Standing, gazing, watching, peering,
+Through the azure atmosphere,
+At the wilderness before you
+And the scene both rich and clear.
+Cerulean the gorgeous mountains
+Rise and loom up in your sight,
+Like a splendid constellation
+On a crisp autumnal night.
+
+'Twixt the fall and winter season,
+Comes a tinge of milky haze,
+Stealing o'er the Smoky Mountains,
+Shutting out the solar rays,
+Flooding vales and filling valleys,
+Coming, creeping, crawling slow,
+Fills the firmament with shadows
+As with crystal flakes of snow.
+
+Through the haze and mist and shadows
+You discern a ball of fire,
+From the rim of Nature rising
+As a knighted funeral pyre;
+Yet it moveth slowly upward,
+Creeps aloft along the sky,
+As a billow on the ocean
+Meets the ship, then passes by.
+
+This you say is Indian summer,
+Tepid season of the year,
+When glad harvest songs ascendeth
+Full of hope and love and cheer.
+From Penobscot, down the Hudson,
+By the Susquehanna wild,
+Through the Shenandoah valley
+Roamed the forest-loving child.
+
+Roamed the Mohawk and the Huron,
+Seneca and Wyandot,
+Delaware and the Mohican,
+Long since perished and forgot.
+Powhattan and Tuscarora,
+And the wandering Showano,
+Creek and Seminole and Erie,
+Miami and Pamlico,
+
+Chicasaw and the Osages,
+Kickapoo and Illinois,
+Ottawas and Susquehannas,
+Objibwas and Iroquois,
+Once enjoyed the Indian summers,
+Once to all this land was heir,
+Sportive, free and lithe and happy,
+Chief and maid and matron fair.
+
+As the blossoms in the forest
+Bloom, then fall into decay,
+So the mighty tribes here mentioned,
+Flourished, so traditions say;
+Then the coming of the white man,
+Spread consternation far and wide;
+Then decay and desolation
+Conquered all their manly pride.
+
+Treaties made were quickly broken
+And their homes were burned with fire,
+Which provoked the mighty tribesmen
+And aroused their vengeful ire.
+Furious raids on hostile savage
+With the powder-horn and gun,
+Soon reduced the noble red man
+Slowly, surely, one by one,
+
+Till not one now roams the forest,
+None are left to tell the tale;
+All their guns and bows are broken,
+None now for them weep or wail.
+Only names of streams and mountains
+Keep the memory aglow,
+Of the noble, brave and fearless
+Red men of the long ago.
+
+Cherokee, the seed and offspring
+Residue of Iroquois,
+Silently are disappearing
+Without pageantry or noise.
+Though more civil and more learned
+And much wiser than the rest,
+They will be amalgamated,
+By the white man in the West.
+
+Occoneechee and the chieftain
+Talked of all that they had seen,
+Of the flow of pretty rivers
+And the matchless mountains green,
+Of the ferns and pretty flowers,
+Parterre of rarest hue,
+Tint of maroon, white and yellow,
+Saffron, lilac, red and blue.
+
+Held they converse of their travels,
+Of the wilderness sublime,
+Of the myths and happy legends
+Told through yielding years of time.
+Of the wars and tales forgotten,
+Of the chiefs and warriors brave
+Who long since have run their journey,
+Who now sleep within the grave.
+
+At those tales the maiden wept loud,
+Sought for solace thru a sigh,
+Much o'ercome by thoughts of loved ones,
+And she prayed that she might die
+High upon the Smoky Mountains,
+Where no human soul can trace
+The seclusions of the forest
+To her lonely burial place.
+
+Bitterly she wailed in sorrow,
+Saying "Tell me, tell me why
+I am left out here so lonely,
+And my tears are never dry?
+Why he comes not at my calling,
+Why he roams some lonely way,
+Why does he not come back to me--
+Why does he not come and stay?
+
+"Why and where now does he linger?
+Tell me, silver, crescent moon,
+Shall our parting be forever--
+Shall our hopes all blast at noon?
+When love's bright star shines the brightest
+Shall it be the sooner set?
+Shall we e'er be reunited,
+Tell me, while hope lingers yet!
+
+"Does he linger in the mountains,
+Far up toward the radiant sky?
+Tell me, blessed God of Nature,
+Tell me, blessed Nunnahi.
+Has some evil spirit seized him,
+Hid or carried him away
+Far beyond the gleaming sunset,
+Far out toward the close of day?
+
+"Will he come back with the morning,
+Borne upon its wings of light,
+From the shade that long has lingered,
+From the darkness of the night?
+Is there none to bring me answer?
+Speak, dear Nature, tell me where
+I may find my long lost lover,
+Is my final feeble prayer."
+
+Then the chieftain, grand and noble,
+Came and lingered by her side,
+Like a lover in devotion
+Lingers near a loving bride.
+Then in accents like a clarion,
+Sweet and clear, but gently said,
+"Whippoorwill, my friend, your lover,
+Comes again, he is not dead!
+
+"I will go and hunt your lover,
+And will bring him to your side;
+I will roam the forest ever,
+And will cease to be your guide;
+I will find the one you've looked for,
+And will tell him that you live;
+I will tell him of your rambles,
+And will all my future give,
+
+"Till I find him in the forest,
+Or upon the flowing brink
+Of the Coosa river flowing,
+Where he used to often drink.
+In the everglades may linger,
+'Neath the shade of some cool palm,
+Sweetest refuge of the lowlands,
+With its air of purest balm.
+
+"Where the Seminole in silence,
+Made their refuge, long ago,
+From the fierce onslaught of Jackson,
+And exterminating woe.
+He may listen in the silence
+And the solitude of night,
+For some friendly sign or token
+Whereby he may make his flight.
+
+"When I've found him we will travel,
+We will travel night and day,
+We will hasten on our journey,
+Will not linger nor delay,
+We will speed along the valley
+Like the wind before the rain,
+We will neither stop nor tarry,
+Never from our speed refrain.
+
+"We will rush along the river,
+Like the maddened swollen tide,
+Like a leaf upon the cyclone
+Rushing forward in its pride;
+Over winter's snow and ices
+We will rush with greatest speed,
+Like a herd of frightened cattle
+Or a trained Kentucky steed.
+
+"I will tell him of your travels
+Into lands he's never seen,
+With their forests and their flowers,
+And their leaves of living green;
+How for years you've looked and waited,
+Watched the trail and mountainside,
+Watched and hoped long for him coming,
+That you might become his bride.
+
+"I am John Ax, Stagu-Nahi!
+Much I love the mountains wild!
+Friend of those who love the forest,
+Friend of those who love you, child.
+I bespeak a special blessing
+To attend you while I go
+Into strange lands, unto strangers,
+Hither, thither, to and fro."
+
+Then he pressed her to his bosom,
+Breathed a silent, parting prayer
+To the Nunnahi in heaven,
+For the lovely maid so fair;
+Prayed and blessed her, then departed
+Thru primeval forests wild,
+Sped he by the rolling waters,
+Heard them laugh and saw them smile.
+
+Sped he by the Coosa river,
+Where great brakes of waving cane,
+Bend before the blowing breezes,
+Like the waves of wind and rain.
+Took the trails where once the chieftain
+Strode at will in lordly pride,
+By the Coosa river flowing
+In its smooth, unrippled tide.
+
+Downward, onward, free and easy,
+Swirls and turns and travels slow,
+As it glitters in the sunlight,
+As its waters onward go.
+Sees the trail almost extinguished
+By the pretty Etawa,
+Where once dwelt in great profusion,
+Chief and maid and tawny squaw.
+
+Traveled far the Tallapoosa
+Into fen and deep morass,
+Through the wildwood, glade and forest
+Dark defile and narrow pass;
+Footsore, lame and often hungry,
+Traveled onward day and night,
+Like the wild goose speeding forward
+In its semi-annual flight.
+
+O'er the glebes of Alabama,
+Crossed the hill and stream and dale,
+To the Tuskaloosa flowing
+Near the ancient Indian trail,
+Now deserted and forsaken
+Is the war path and the land,
+By the Creek and great Muscogas
+Wandering, wild, nomadic band.
+
+Pensive, lonely and dejected,
+Penetrated he the wild,
+Over fen and bog and prairie,
+Into climates soft and mild.
+By lagoon and lake and river,
+By the deep translucent bay,
+Followed he the sun's direction,
+Many a night and sunlit day.
+
+Crossed the Mississippi delta,
+Wound through many moor and fen,
+Saw the shining stars at midnight,
+And the dawn of days begin;
+Heard the tramp of bear and bison,
+Heard the wild wolf's dismal howl,
+Saw the glowworm in the rushes,
+Heard the whippoorwill and owl.
+
+Heard the alligator bellow,
+Saw him swim the broad bayou,
+Saw the egret, crane and heron,
+Wading stark and tree-cuckoo.
+Trackless miles spread out before him,
+Stretching leagues of gama grass
+Lay across the course he traveled,
+Lay out where he had to pass.
+
+Dangling mosses from the tree tops,
+Swung by swaying winds and breeze,
+Cling with tendrils to the branches,
+Of the mighty live oak trees.
+Soft as lichens, light as feathers
+Was the tall untrodden grass,
+On the prairie and the meadow,
+And the spreading rich morass.
+
+Tranquil, peacefully and quiet
+Did the moons and moments wane,
+Till he came to Oklahoma,
+Into his own tribe's domain;
+Here he rested for a season,
+Ate the food and drank for health
+In the land of Oklahoma,
+Land of perfect natural wealth.
+
+Oklahoma, red man's country,
+Blest above all other lands,
+In her natural soil and climate,
+In her ore-beds and her sands;
+In her fertile fields and valleys,
+In her people, true and great,
+Cherokee and Creek and Choctaws
+Make the people of the state.
+
+Here's a land transformed in beauty,
+Touched and tilled by busy toil,
+Responds quickly to the tiller,
+Products of a generous soil.
+Fruits and flowers forever growing,
+Fields of gold and snowy white,
+Songs of harvest home and plenty
+Sung to every one's delight.
+
+Here with labor, love and patience,
+There arose an empire great,
+Which when settled, tilled and treated,
+Has become a powerful state;
+Filled with people true and honest,
+Filled with people thrifty too,
+And the land is flat and fertile,
+Best that mortals ever knew.
+
+Once where roamed the bear and bison,
+Where the she wolf and the owl
+Made their home and habitation,
+And the foxes used to prowl;
+Where the serpent coiled and waited,
+Hid beneath the waving grass
+To inject his fangs and venom
+In some human as he'd pass,
+
+Now there thrives the busy city,
+Bristling with the throb and thrill
+Of the commerce of a nation,
+Growing greater, growing still.
+All her farms and fields and ranches,
+Groan beneath their heavy load
+Of waving grain and lowing cattle;
+All the land with wealth is strewed.
+
+Then he rose up like the morning,
+From his slumber and his rest,
+To converse there with the chieftains
+Among whom he'd been a guest.
+Then he spoke of Carolina
+Toward the rising of the sun,
+Full of hope and awe and splendor
+Where his early life begun.
+
+And he spoke of Occoneechee
+In the land of hills and streams,
+In the land of wooded forests,
+Land of love and fondest dreams;
+Land where myths and mirth commingle,
+Where aspiring peaks point high,
+To the dials of the morning
+In the sweet "Land of the sky."
+
+Spoke he also of a chieftain,
+Known to her as Whippoorwill,
+Who once dwelt within the forest,
+Near a pleasant little rill,
+In the dark fens of the mountains,
+Back where oak and birchen grove
+Cast their shadows o'er the valley
+O'er the cliffs and deepest cove.
+
+Where glad song of the nightingale
+Is the sweetest ever heard,
+And far exceeds in melody,
+The trill of the mocking-bird.
+From the matutinal dawning
+Till the falling shades of night
+The songster sings in mellow tones
+To the auditor's delight.
+
+Long in silence sat the chieftain,
+Long he listened quite intent,
+To the story of the stranger,
+Catching all he said and meant,
+Of the maiden of the mountains,
+Of the trees and songs of bird,
+And the story lingered with him,
+Every syllable and word.
+
+Then the chieftain made inquiry
+Of the stranger true and bold,
+Who now came to tarry with them,
+Who was growing gray and old,
+Of the health and habitation
+Of the Eastern tribal band
+Who still dwelt amid the Smokies
+In his own sweet native land;
+
+Where his heart felt first the wooing,
+Where his hope of youth ran high,
+'Mid the hills of Carolina
+In the sweet "Land of the sky."
+In the land of flowers and sunshine,
+Land of silver-flowing streams,
+Land of promise full of blessings
+And of legends, myths and dreams;
+
+Land of pretty maids and matrons,
+Home where generous hearts are true,
+Where the sunshine chases shadows
+Down the vaults of vaporous blue.
+Where the wild flight of the eagle
+Soars beyond the keenest eye,
+In recesses of the heavens,
+In the blue ethereal sky.
+
+Rifting rocks and rolling rivers
+Doth adorn the hill and vale,
+Lilting melodies float outward
+On the vortex of the gale;
+This the land of Occoneechee,
+Land that Junaluska saw,
+Home of warrior, chief and maiden,
+Land of dauntless brave and squaw.
+
+Let us go back to those mountains,
+Once more let us view those hills,
+And let me hear the voice once more
+Of the laughing streams and rills;
+And let me view with raptured eye
+The blossom of tree and vine,
+Once more inhale the sweet ozone,
+Under tulip tree and pine.
+
+Those hills, delectable mountains,
+Outrival the scenes of Greece,
+Surpass in beauty and grandeur
+The Eagle or Golden Fleece.
+Those shrines and temples of granite,
+Glad sentinels of the free!
+There let me roam through dell once more,
+Let me glad and happy be.
+
+Some speak of splendid balmy isles,
+Far out in the rolling sea,
+Of spicy groves, and vine-clad hills,
+And of things which are to be;
+Of nymphs and naiads of the past,
+Of lands of the brave and free,
+But none of these can e'er surpass
+The hills of Cherokee;
+
+The hills where roamed the dusky maid,
+And the home of Whippoorwill,
+Where Occoneechee dreamed at night,
+By the gushing stream and rill.
+By strange enchanted mystic lake
+Where the wildest beasts are seen,
+Far back in the deep recess
+Of the mountain's verdure green.
+
+"Let autumn's wind blow swift its gale,
+The season of summer flee,
+But I will soon my lover meet,
+In the 'land of the brave and free,'
+I'll leave Tahlequah in the West,
+With this warrior at my side.
+We'll travel as the fleetest winds
+Unless ill fates betide.
+
+"While the morrow's stars are glowing,
+In the dials of the morn,
+I will start upon the journey,
+To the land where I was born."
+So he gathered up his chattels,
+Springing spryly on his steed,
+Made inquiry of the warrior,
+"Which of us shall take the lead?"
+
+Then the warrior to the chieftain
+Quick replied, "I'll lead the way
+Far across the hill and valley,
+Mounted on this splendid bay."
+Then they said to friend and neighbor,
+Old-time chief and child and squaw,
+"At the dawning, we will leave you,
+Leave the town of Tahlequah;
+
+"Leave the tribe and reservation,
+For a journey to the East,
+Where the tribesmen dwell together,
+Meet serenely, drink and feast,
+In a land where peace and pleasure
+Vie each other in the pace,
+Where the hopes of life are brightest
+To the fallen human race."
+
+Just then came a gleam like lightning,
+Shooting forth its silver ray,
+Which precedes the golden splendor
+Of the fast approaching day.
+This the advent and the token
+For the brave to lead the way
+Out across the plain and valley
+Toward the coming king of day.
+
+Then they seized the spear and trident,
+Bow and tomahawk and knife,
+And they left the scenes of conflict,
+With its turmoil and its strife;
+And they journeyed ever eastward,
+Days and many a-waning moon,
+Crossing river, lake and prairie,
+Spreading field and broad lagoon.
+
+Saw the Wabash and Missouri,
+Cumberland and Tennessee,
+Saw the Holston in its beauty
+And the town of Chilhowee.
+Looked down on the Nolachucky,
+Saw Watauga's crystal flow
+Gleam from out the moon's reflection
+From the canyon's depths below.
+
+Neptune, who pervades the water,
+Ne'er beheld a holier sight
+Than this happy, hopeful chieftain
+Did that crisp autumnal night.
+While he looked upon the water
+Bright and pure and crystalline,
+Fairest land and purest water
+Mortal eye had ever seen;
+
+He beheld there in his vision
+Such a Naiad divine,
+That he put forth his endeavors,
+That he might the maid entwine;
+But she flew back like a phantom,
+Back into the crescent wave,
+From the presence of the chieftain
+And the relegated brave;
+
+Flew back from him and departed
+And was lost to human eye;
+All that now lay out before him
+Was the stream and earth and sky.
+Full of disappointing beauty,
+Was the earth and sky and stream,
+When divested of the grandeur
+Of the vision and the dream.
+
+Then he rambled through the mountains
+Over crag and rugged steep,
+Through the laurel bed and ivy
+By exertion did he creep;
+Through the hemlock and the balsam
+Under oak and birchen tree,
+Gazing through the heath before him
+If perchance that he might see
+
+In the dim, dark, hazel distance,
+Far out on the mountainside
+Occoneechee, pure and lovely,
+Whom he longed to make his bride;
+Make his bride and dwell there with her
+'Mid aspiring peak and dome;
+Longed to have her sit beside him,
+In his peaceful mountain home.
+
+Wandered through the Craggy mountains
+Where no human foot had trod,
+And no eye had yet beheld it,
+Save the eye of Nature's God.
+For the spreading tree and forest
+Grew from out the virgin soil,
+And was free from all intrusions
+Of the white man's skill and toil.
+
+Now their speed was much retarded,
+Trails once plain were now unkept,
+And the chief and brave lamenting
+Laid themselves down there and wept;
+Wept for chiefs like Uniguski,
+Sequoya and Utsala,
+In the land of Tuckaleechee
+And for friends like Wil-Usdi. [1]
+
+Turning from his grief and sorrow
+For the chiefs of long ago,
+Ceasing all his deep repining
+From the burden of his woe,
+Looking far o'er hill and valley
+He beheld the gilded dome
+Of the Smokies in the distance,
+Near old Junaluska's home.
+
+Then the chieftain's hope grew stronger,
+As he looked upon the scene
+Of that splendid mountain forest
+With its crest of evergreen;
+Like a black cloud in the winter,
+Spreads upon the mountainside,
+This the forest land primeval
+That stands there in lordly pride,
+
+This the forest land primeval,
+Where the chieftains used to roam,
+Joined in chase of bear and bison,
+Once the red deer's winter home.
+Black and deep and dense the forest,
+Steep and high the cliffside stands,
+Where the Cherokee once wandered
+In their wild nomadic bands.
+
+As they gazed upon the scenery,
+Weird and wild and full of awe,
+They were filled with consternation
+At the sight both of them saw.
+Passing high up near the zenith
+Like an eagle in its flight
+Came the sound of wings and voices,
+On that moonlit autumn night.
+
+Voices like the rolling thunder
+Came resounding far and near,
+And the meteoric flashes
+Filled them full of awe and fear;
+Till they trembled like the aspen
+'Mid the tempest fierce and wild,
+Till it passes, then reposes,
+Calmly as a little child.
+
+Said the brave then to the chieftain,
+"This my token to depart,
+I must quickly make my exit,
+Though it grieves my soul and heart
+Thus to leave you in the forest,
+Out upon the mountainside,
+Without hope or friend or shelter,
+With no one to be your guide;
+
+"These the Nunnahi in heaven,
+Come to lead me far away,
+Over hill and dale and valley,
+Toward the final close of day.
+You will miss me in the morning,
+Miss me at the noon and night,
+When I'm mounted on my pinions
+And am lost to human sight.
+
+"Yet a moment I'm allotted
+To transmit to you my will;
+High here on the Smoky Mountains
+Near the bright translucent rill,
+Let me tell you while life lingers
+In the archives of my breast,
+Where you'll find sweet Occoneechee
+When my soul has flown to rest:
+
+"She still lingers in the forest,
+Near the sweet enchanted lake,
+Near the spirit land she lingers,
+Underneath the tangled brake.
+She holds all our myths and legends,
+Tales as told long years ago.
+Now I bid you leave me lonely
+To my fate of weal or woe.
+
+"Leave me quick, the spirits call me,
+Linger not within my sight,
+Hie thee quickly through the shadows
+Of this crisp autumnal night.
+Tell our friend, sweet Occoneechee,
+That I've gone to join the band
+Of the braves who have departed
+For the happy hunting land."
+
+Then a shadow passed between them,
+Like a cloud upon the sky,
+And the chief was separated
+There upon the mountain high,
+From his guide and friend forever,
+So his eye could never see.
+Whence he traveled, none returneth
+To explain the mystery.
+
+Thus bereft of friend and neighbor,
+Whippoorwill began to wail,
+For some mystic hand to guide him
+Back into the trodden trail,
+Where some chief had gone before him
+In the years that long had flown,
+Out upon the mystic ages,
+Now forgotten and unknown.
+
+But no spirit, sign or token
+Came from out the vista fair,
+Nothing saw, nor nothing heard he,
+Save the earth and scenery fair.
+As he stood and gazed in silence,
+Motionless and calm as death,
+Stillness reigned on hill and valley
+And the chieftain held his breath,
+
+While he strained his ears and vision,
+Listening, looking here and there,
+Waiting, watching, simply trusting
+For an answer to his prayer.
+Suddenly he heard the calling
+Of a voice so sweet and clear,
+That he answered, quickly answered,
+Though his heart was filled with fear.
+
+And the voice from out the forest,
+Called as calls the mating bird,
+In the bower in the springtime,
+Sweetest call that e'er was heard,
+Resonant comes, softly trilling,
+Sweetly to its lingering mate,
+In the silence of the forest,
+As they for each other wait.
+
+Then the chieftain bounded forward,
+Like a hound upon the trail,
+Thru the forest land primeval
+Over mound and hill and dale;
+Over ridge and rock and river,
+Thru the heath and brush and grass,
+Thru the land of the Uktena,
+Thru it all he had to pass.
+
+Till he reached the mystic region,
+Far back in the darkest glen,
+Near the lake of the enchanted
+Only known to bravest men.
+Here the bear and owl and panther,
+Find a cure for every ill,
+Find life's sweetest panacea,
+Near the sparkling crystal rill,
+
+High upon the Smoky Mountains
+Resonant with Nature wild,
+For the wanderer from the distance,
+And the tawny Indian child.
+This the forest land primeval,
+Full of awe and dread and dreams,
+Full of ghouls and ghosts and goblins,
+Full of rippling crystal streams.
+
+From the stream down in the ravine,
+Came another gentle call,
+Like the chirping of the robin,
+In the hemlocks straight and tall.
+Once again the call repeated,
+Then a sudden little trill
+Floated out upon the breezes,
+From beside the crystal rill.
+
+Then the chieftain whistled keenly
+Like a hawk upon the wing,
+When it soars above the mountain,
+On the balmy air of spring.
+Then another chirping, chirping,
+Came from deep down in the vale,
+And it floated up the mountain
+Like a leaf upon the gale.
+
+Now the chieftain, moved by caution,
+Watched and moved with greatest care,
+Down and thru the deepest gulches,
+Looking here, observing there,
+For the bird or beast or human,
+That could send out such a call,
+From the laurel near the fountain
+And a splendid waterfall.
+
+Suddenly his heart beat faster,
+At the sight which came to view,
+Through the opening in the laurel
+As it parts to let him thru.
+She was bathing feet and ankles,
+Arms and hands she did refresh
+In the iridescent splendor,
+Of the fountain cool and fresh.
+
+Then he bounds forth quick to greet her,
+E'er she sees him by her side,
+She the maiden true and holy,
+Who was soon to be his bride.
+"O, I see you, Occoneechee!"
+"And I see you, Whippoorwill!"
+Were the greetings that they whispered
+As they met there near the rill.
+
+They were married in the morning,
+He the groom and she the bride,
+And they lived in bliss together,
+Many years before they died;
+Now their spirits dwell together,
+Near the hidden mystic shore,
+Of the lake back in the shadows
+Since their wanderings are o'er.
+
+And at night the legends tell us,
+You can hear a man and bride
+Hold converse of trail and travel,
+High upon the mountainside;
+And the soul of Occoneechee,
+Lingers near the rippling rill,
+High upon the Smoky Mountains,
+With her lover Whippoorwill.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+PART III
+
+MYTHS OF THE CHEROKEE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTHS OF THE CHEROKEE
+
+    "I know not how the truth may be,
+    I tell the tale as 'twas told me."
+
+
+The myths related here are from the great story tellers like Ayunini,
+or "Swimmer," who was the greatest of all, but while he ranked
+first and lived during the time that tried men's hearts, having been
+born about 1835, and died in March, 1899, his stories can only be
+perpetuated by putting them in print, and we are indebted to him for
+many of these beautiful stories, which should be perpetuated at least
+so long as one of the Cherokee tribe shall live.
+
+Next in rank of importance comes Itagunahi, better known among the
+English-speaking people as John Axe, who was born in the year 1800,
+saw the battle of Horseshoe Bend, witnessed the removal of the Cherokee
+tribe in 1838. He knew its history and almost all of the myths, legends
+and stories, transmitted many of them to the white man for record, and
+while he never spoke English, he was a very versatile and interesting
+man of the old type of Indians, and strong to the last days; he lived
+to near 100 years, then passed to the Happy Hunting Grounds.
+
+To John D. Wofford, of the Western Reservation or tribe, we are
+indebted for much information, which would have been lost except for
+his wonderful knowledge.
+
+All the story-tellers prefaced their remarks by saying, "This is what
+the old folks used to tell us when we were boys."
+
+Cherokee myths may be classified as sacred myths, animal stories,
+local legends, and historical traditions. The sacred myths were not
+for every one, but only those might hear who observed the proper form
+and ceremony.
+
+In the old times the myth-keepers and priests were accustomed to
+meet together at night in the asi, or low-built log sleeping house,
+to recite the traditions and discuss their secret knowledge. At
+times those who desired instruction from an adept in the sacred
+lore of the tribe would meet the priest by appointment in the asi,
+where they sat up all night talking, with only the light of a small
+fire burning in the middle of the floor. At daybreak the whole party
+went down to the running stream, where the pupils or hearers of the
+myths stripped themselves and were scratched upon the naked skin with
+a bone tooth comb in the hands of the priest, after which they waded
+out, facing the rising sun, and dipped seven times under the water,
+while the priest recited prayers upon the bank. The purificatory rite,
+which was observed more than a century ago by Adair, is also a part of
+the ceremonial of the ball play, the green-corn dance, and, in fact,
+every important ritual performance. Before beginning one of the stories
+of the sacred class the informant would sometimes suggest jokingly
+that the author first submit to being scratched and, "Go to water."
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH ONE.
+
+HOW THE WORLD WAS MADE.
+
+
+The earth is a great island floating in a sea of water, and suspended
+at each of the four cardinal points by a cord hanging down from the
+sky vault, which is of solid rock. When the world grows old and worn
+out, the people will die and the cords will break, and let the earth
+sink down into the ocean, and all will be water again. The Indians
+are afraid of this.
+
+When all was water, the animals were above the Galunlati, beyond
+the arch; but it was very much crowded, and they were wanting more
+room. They wondered what was below the water, and at last Dayunisi,
+"Beaver's Grandchild," the little Water-beetle, offered to go and see
+if it could learn. It darted in every direction over the surface of
+the water, but could find no firm place to rest.
+
+Then it dived to the bottom and came up with some soft mud, which began
+to grow and spread in every direction until it became an island which
+we call the earth. It was afterwards fastened to the sky, but no one
+remembers who did it.
+
+At first the earth was flat, and very soft and wet. The animals
+were anxious to get down, and sent out different birds to see if it
+was yet dry, but they found no place to alight and came back again
+to Galunlati. At last it seemed to be time, and they sent out the
+Buzzard and told him to go and make ready for them.
+
+This was the Great Buzzard, the father of all the buzzards we see
+now. He flew all over the earth, low down, near the ground, and it was
+still soft. When he reached the Cherokee country, he was very tired,
+and his wings began to flap and strike the ground, and wherever they
+struck the earth there was a valley, and where they turned up again,
+there was a mountain. When the animals above saw this, they were
+afraid the whole earth would be mountains, so they called him back,
+but the Cherokee country remains full of mountains to this day.
+
+When the earth was dry and the animals came down, it was still dark,
+so they got the sun and set it in a track to go every day across the
+island from east to west, just overhead. It was too hot this way, and
+Tsiskagili, the Red Crawfish, had his shell scorched red, so that his
+meat was spoiled; and the Cherokee do not eat it. The conjurers put the
+sun another hand-breadth higher in the air, but it was still too hot.
+
+They raised it another time, and another, until it was seven
+hand-breadths high, and just under the sky arch. Then it was right,
+and they left it so. This is why the conjurers call the highest place
+"Gulkwagine Digalunlatiyun," "the seven height," because it is seven
+hand-breadths above the earth. Every day the sun goes along under this
+arch, and returns at night on the upper side to the starting place.
+
+There is another world under this, and it is like ours in
+everything--animals, plants, and people--save that the seasons are
+different. The streams that come down from the mountains are the
+trails by which the people reach the underworld, and the springs
+at their heads are the doorways by which they enter it, but to do
+this one must fast and go to water and have one of the underground
+people for a guide. We know that the seasons in the underground are
+different from ours, because the water in the springs is warmer in
+the winter and cooler in the summer than the outer air.
+
+When the animals and the plants were first made--we do not know
+by whom--they were told to watch and keep awake for seven nights,
+just as young men now fast and keep awake when they pray to their
+medicine. They tried to do this, and nearly all were awake through
+the first night, but the next night several dropped off to sleep,
+and the third night others were asleep, and then others, until, on
+the seventh night, of all the animals, only the owl, the panther and
+one or two more were still awake.
+
+To these were given the power to see and to go about in the dark, and
+to make prey of the birds and animals which must sleep at night. Of the
+trees, only the cedar, the pine, the spruce, the holly and the laurel
+were awake to the end, and to them it was given to be always green and
+to be greatest for medicine, but to the others it was said: "Because
+you have not endured to the end you shall lose your hair every winter."
+
+Men came after the animals and plants. At first there were only a
+brother and sister until he struck her with a fish and told her to
+multiply, and so it was. In seven days a child was born to her, and
+thereafter every seven days another, and they increased very fast
+until there was danger that the world could not keep them. Then it
+was made that a woman should have only one child in a year, and it
+has been so ever since.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH TWO.
+
+THE FIRST FIRE.
+
+
+In the beginning there was no fire, and the world was cold, until the
+Thunders (Ani-Hyuntikwalaski) who lived up in Galunlati, sent their
+lightning and put fire into the bottom of a hollow sycamore tree,
+which grew on an island. The animals knew it was there, because they
+could see the smoke coming out at the top, but they could not get to
+it on account of the water, so they held a council to decide what to
+do. This was a long time ago.
+
+Every animal that could fly or swim was anxious to go after the
+fire. The Raven offered, and because he was so large and strong they
+thought he could surely do the work, so he was sent first. He flew
+high and far across the water and alighted on the sycamore tree, but
+while he was wondering what to do next, the heat had scorched all his
+feathers black, and he was frightened and came back without the fire.
+
+The little Screech-owl (Wahuhu) volunteered to go, and reached the
+place safely, but while he was looking down in the hollow tree a
+blast of hot air came up and nearly burned out his eyes. He managed
+to fly home as best he could, but it was a long time before he could
+see well, and his eyes are red to this day.
+
+Then the Hooting Owl (Uguku) and the Horned Owl (Tskili) went, but by
+the time they got to the hollow tree the fire was burning so fiercely
+that the smoke nearly blinded them, and the ashes carried up by the
+wind made white rings about their eyes. They had to come home again
+without the fire, but with all of their rubbing they were never able
+to get rid of the white rings.
+
+Now, no more of the birds would venture, and so the little Uksuhi
+snake, the Black Racer, said he would go through the water and bring
+back some fire. He swam across to the island and crawled through the
+grass to the tree, and went in by a small hole at the bottom. The
+heat and smoke were too much for him, too, and after dodging about
+blindly over the hot ashes until he was almost on fire himself he
+managed by good luck to get out again at the same hole, but his body
+had scorched black, and he has ever since had the habit of darting
+and doubling on his track as if trying to escape from close quarters.
+
+He came back, and the great Blacksnake, Gulegi, "The Climber,"
+offered to go for the fire. He swam over to the island and climbed
+up the tree on the outside, as the blacksnake always does, but when
+he put his head down into the hole the smoke choked him so that he
+fell into the burning stump, and before he could climb out again he
+was as black as the Uksuhi.
+
+Now, they held another council, for still there was no fire, and
+the world was cold, but the birds, snakes and four-footed animals
+all had some excuse for not going, because they were all afraid to
+venture near the burning sycamore, until at last Kananeski Amaiyehi
+(the Water Spider) said she would go. This is not the water spider
+that looks like a mosquito, but the other one, with black downy hair
+and red stripes on her body. She can run on the water or dive to
+the bottom, so there would be no trouble to get over to the island,
+but the question was, how could she bring back the fire?
+
+"I'll manage that," said the spider, so she spun a thread from her body
+and wove it into a tusti bowl, which she fastened on her back. Then
+she crossed over to the island and through the grass to where the
+fire was still burning. She put one little coal of fire into her bowl,
+and came back with it, and ever since we have had fire, and the spider
+still keeps her tusti bowl.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH THREE.
+
+ORIGIN OF THE PLEIADES AND THE PINE.
+
+
+Long ago, when the world was new, there were seven boys who used to
+spend all their time down by the town-house, playing the gatayusti
+game, rolling a stone wheel along the ground and sliding a curved
+stick after it to strike it. Their mothers scolded but it did no good,
+so one day they collected some gatayusti stones and boiled them in
+the pot with the corn for dinner.
+
+When the boys came home hungry their mothers dipped out the stones
+and said, "Since you like the gatayusti better than the cornfield,
+take the stones now for your dinner."
+
+The boys were very angry, and went down to the town-house, saying,
+"As our mothers treat us this way, let us go where we shall never
+trouble them any more." They began a dance--some say it was the
+feather dance--and went round and round the town-house, praying to
+the spirits to help them. At last their mothers were afraid something
+was wrong and went out to look for them.
+
+They saw the boys still dancing around the town-house, and as they
+watched they noticed that their feet were off the earth, and that
+with every round they rose higher and higher in the air.
+
+They ran to get their children, but it was too late, for they were
+already above the roof of the town-house--all but one, whose mother
+managed to pull him down with the gatayusti pole, but he struck the
+ground with such force that he sank into it and the earth closed
+over him. The other six children circled higher and higher until they
+went up to the sky, where we see them now as the pleiades, which the
+Cherokee still calls "Anitsutsa" (the Boys).
+
+The people grieved long after them, but the mother whose boy had gone
+into the ground came every morning and evening to cry over the spot,
+until the earth was damp with her tears.
+
+At last a little green shoot sprouted up and grew day by day until
+it became the tall tree that we now call the pine, and the pine is
+still of the same nature as the stars and holds in itself the same
+bright light.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH FOUR.
+
+THE MILKY WAY.
+
+
+Some people in the South had a corn mill, in which they pounded the
+corn into meal, and several mornings when they came to fill it they
+noticed that some of the meal had been stolen during the night.
+
+They examined the ground, and found the tracks of a dog; so the next
+night they watched, and when the dog came from the North, and began to
+eat the meal out of the bowl, they sprang out and whipped him. He ran
+off howling to his home in the North, with the meal dropping from his
+mouth as he ran, and leaving behind a white trail where now we see the
+Milky Way, which the Cherokee calls to this day Gili-utsunstanunyi,
+"Where the dog ran."
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH FIVE.
+
+THE DELUGE.
+
+
+A long time ago a man had a dog, which began to go down to the
+river every day and look at the water and howl. At last the man was
+very angry and scolded the dog, which then spoke to him and said:
+"Very soon there is going to be a great freshet and the water will
+come so high that everybody will be drowned; but if you will make
+a raft to get upon when the rain comes, you can be saved, but you
+must first throw me into the water." The man did not believe it,
+and the dog said, "If you want a sign that I speak the truth, look
+at the back of my neck." He looked and saw that the dog's neck had
+the skin worked off so that the bones stuck out.
+
+Then he believed the dog, and began to build a raft. Soon the rain
+came and he took his family, with plenty of provisions, and they
+all got upon it. It rained for a long time, and the water rose
+until the mountains were covered and all the people in the world
+were drowned. Then the rain stopped and the water went down again,
+until at last it was safe to come off the raft.
+
+Now, there was no one alive but the man and his family, but one day
+they heard a sound of dancing and shouting on the other side of the
+ridge. The man climbed to the top and looked over; everything was
+still, but all along the valley he saw great piles of bones of the
+people who had been drowned, and then he knew that the Ghosts had
+been dancing.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH SIX.
+
+HOW THE TERRAPIN BEAT THE RABBIT.
+
+
+The Rabbit was a great runner and a great boaster of what she could
+do. No one thought that a Terrapin was anything but a slow traveler,
+but he was a great warrior and very boastful, and the two were always
+disputing about their speed. At last they agreed to decide the matter
+by a race.
+
+They fixed the day and the starting place, and arranged to run across
+four mountain ridges, and the one who came in first at the end of
+the race was to be the winner.
+
+The Rabbit felt so sure of it that he said to the Terrapin, "You know
+you can't run. You know you can never win the race, so I'll give you
+the first ridge and then you'll have three to cross while I go over
+four." The Terrapin said that would be all right, but that night when
+he went home to his family he sent for his Terrapin friends and told
+them he wanted their help. He said he knew he could not outrun the
+Rabbit, but he wanted to stop the Rabbit's boasting. He explained his
+plan to his friends and they agreed to help him. When the day came all
+the animals were there to see the race. The Rabbit was there with them,
+but the Terrapin was gone ahead toward the first ridge, as they had
+arranged, and they could hardly see him on account of the tall grass.
+
+The word was given and the Rabbit ran off with long jumps up the
+mountain, expecting to win the race before the Terrapin could get
+down on the other side. But before he got up the mountain he saw
+the Terrapin go over the ridge ahead of him. He ran on, and when he
+reached the top he looked all around, but could not see the Terrapin
+on account of the long grass. He kept on down the mountain and began
+to climb the second ridge, but when he looked up again there was the
+Terrapin just going over the top.
+
+Now he was very much surprised, and made his longest jumps to catch
+up, but when he got to the top there was the Terrapin away in front
+going over the third ridge. The Rabbit was getting tired now and
+nearly out of breath, but he kept on down the mountain and up the
+other ridge until he got to the top just in time to see the Terrapin
+cross the fourth ridge and thus win the race. The Rabbit could not make
+another jump, but fell over on the ground, crying, "mi, mi, mi, mi,"
+as the Rabbit does ever since when he is too tired to run any more.
+
+The race was given to the Terrapin, and all the animals wondered how
+he could win against the Rabbit, but he kept still and never told. It
+was easy enough, however, because all the Terrapin's friends look
+just alike, and he had simply posted one near the top of each ridge
+to wait until the Rabbit came in sight and then climb over and hide
+in the long grass.
+
+When the Rabbit came on he could not find the Terrapin and so thought
+the Terrapin was ahead, and if he had met one of the other Terrapins
+he would have thought it the same one, because they look so much
+alike. The real Terrapin had posted himself on the fourth ridge, so
+as to come in at the end of the race and be ready to answer questions
+if the animals suspected anything.
+
+Because the Rabbit had to lie down and lose the race the conjurer
+now, when preparing his young men for the ball play, boils a lot of
+rabbit hamstrings into soup, and sends some one to pour it across
+the path along which the other players have to come in the morning,
+so that they may become tired in the same way and lose the game. It
+is not always easy to do this, because the other party is expecting
+it and has watchers ahead to prevent it.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH SEVEN.
+
+THE RABBIT AND THE TAR WOLF.
+
+
+Once there was such a long spell of dry weather that there was no more
+water in the creeks and springs, and the animals held a council to
+see what to do about it. They decided to dig a well, and all agreed to
+help except the Rabbit, who was a lazy fellow, and said, "I don't need
+to dig for water. The dew on the grass is enough for me." The others
+did not like this, but they went to work together and dug the well.
+
+They noticed by and by that the Rabbit kept sleek and lively,
+although it was still dry weather and the water was getting low in
+the well. They said, "That tricky Rabbit steals our water at night,"
+so they made a wolf of pine gum and tar and set it up by the well to
+scare the thief. That night the Rabbit came, as he had been coming
+every night, to drink enough to last him all next day. He saw the
+queer black thing by the well and said, "Who's there?" but the tar
+wolf said nothing.
+
+He came nearer, but the wolf never moved, so he grew braver and said,
+"Get out of my way or I will kick you." Still the wolf never moved
+and the Rabbit came up and struck it with its front foot, but the
+tar held it fast. Now he was angry and said: "Turn my foot loose,
+or I will strike you with my other front foot"; still the wolf said
+nothing. Then the Rabbit struck the wolf with his other foot, and it
+stuck, and the Rabbit said, "Turn my foot loose or I will kick you,"
+and still the wolf was silent, and then the rabbit kicked with his
+right hind foot so hard that it stuck, and still the wolf said nothing;
+and the Rabbit said, "If you don't turn my foot loose, I will kick
+you with my left hind foot, which never fails to accomplish what I
+want it to do"; yet the wolf was silent, and the Rabbit made his last
+kick and the foot stuck, just as the others had done.
+
+The Rabbit plead with the wolf to let him go, and yet no response came,
+and, at last, when he found he was stuck fast with his feet, he said:
+"If you don't turn me loose I will butt you with all my might," and
+in his desperation, he struck with all his force, and his head stuck
+fast to the wolf.
+
+In the morning all the animals came down to the well to drink
+as usual, and found the Rabbit stuck fast to the wolf of tar,
+and they began to discuss what disposition to make of him, so one
+suggested that they cut his head off, to which the Rabbit replied,
+"Please do cut my head off, for it is such an easy death to die,"
+but this aroused the suspicion of the animals, so that the fox said,
+"No, we will not do this for he deserves a harsher death than this,"
+whereupon they all agreed. Then the Wolf suggested that they burn him
+alive, to which the Rabbit said, "Please Mr. Wolf, have me burned,
+for that will be so easy," but this did not please the audience, and
+another suggested that they take him to the briar patch, and throw him
+into the thickest part of the sharp briars to scratch him to pieces,
+to which the Rabbit said, "Oh, Mr. Fox, please do not allow me to be
+thrown into the briars for they stick and scratch me so much that I
+could never stand the pain"; and they all with one accord exclaimed,
+"Throw him in," and they threw him into the briars, and the Rabbit
+sped away as fast as he could, saying, "This is where I was reared,
+this is my home, and this is all that I could desire."
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH EIGHT.
+
+THE RABBIT AND THE POSSUM AFTER A WIFE.
+
+
+The Rabbit and the Possum each wanted a wife, but no one would marry
+either of them. They talked the matter over and the Rabbit said,
+"We can't get wives here; let's go to the next settlement. I'm the
+messenger for the council, and I'll tell the people that I bring an
+order that everybody must take a mate at once, and then we'll be sure
+to get wives."
+
+The Possum thought this a fine plan, so they started off together
+to the next town. As the Rabbit traveled faster he got there first
+and waited outside until the people noticed him and took him into the
+town-house. When the chief came to ask him his business the Rabbit said
+he brought an important message from the council that everybody must
+get married without delay. So the chief called the people together
+and told them the message from the council, whereupon every animal
+took a mate at once, and the Rabbit got a wife.
+
+The Possum traveled so slowly that he got there after all the animals
+had mated, leaving him still without a wife.
+
+The Rabbit pretended to feel sorry for him and said, "Never mind, I'll
+carry the message to the people in the next settlement, and you hurry
+on as fast as you can, and this time you will get your wife." So he
+went on to the next town, and the Possum followed close after him. But
+when the Rabbit got to the town-house, he sent out the word that, as
+there had been peace so long there that everybody was getting lazy,
+the council had ordered that there must be war at once, and they must
+begin right in the town-house. So they all began fighting, but the
+Rabbit made four great leaps and got away just as the Possum came
+in. Everybody jumped on the Possum, who had not thought of bringing
+his weapons on a wedding trip, and so could not defend himself. They
+had nearly beaten the life out of him when he fell over and pretended
+to be dead until he saw a good chance to jump up and get away. The
+Possum never got a wife, but he remembers the lesson, and ever since
+he shuts his eyes and pretends to be dead when the hunter has him in
+a close place.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH NINE.
+
+HOW THE TURKEY GOT HIS BEARD.
+
+
+When the Terrapin won the race from the Rabbit (see Myth Six) all
+the animals wondered and talked about it a great deal, because they
+had always thought the Terrapin slow, although they knew that he was
+a warrior and had many conjuring secrets besides.
+
+But the Turkey was not satisfied, and told the others that there must
+be some trick about it. Said he, "I know the Terrapin can't run--he
+can hardly crawl--and I'm going to try him."
+
+So one day the Turkey met the Terrapin coming home from war with
+a fresh scalp hanging from his neck and dragging on the ground as
+he traveled. The Turkey laughed at the sight and said: "That scalp
+don't look right on you. Your neck is too short and low down to wear
+it that way. Let me show you."
+
+The Terrapin agreed and gave the scalp to the Turkey, who fastened
+it around his neck. "Now," said the Turkey, "I'll walk a little way
+and you can see how it looks." So he walked ahead a short distance and
+then turned and asked the Terrapin how he liked it. Said the Terrapin,
+"It looks very nice; it becomes you."
+
+"Now, I'll fix it in a different way and let you see how it looks,"
+said the Turkey. So he gave the string another pull and walked ahead
+again. "Oh, that looks very nice," said the Terrapin. But the Turkey
+kept on walking, and the Terrapin called to him to bring back the
+scalp, but he only walked the faster and broke into a run.
+
+Then the Terrapin got out his bow and by his conjuring art shot a
+number of cane splits into the Turkey's legs, to cripple him so he
+could not run, which accounts for all the many bones in the Turkey's
+legs, that are of no use whatever; but the Terrapin never caught the
+Turkey, who still wears the scalp from his neck.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH TEN.
+
+WHY THE TURKEY GOBBLES.
+
+
+A long time ago the Grouse had a fine voice and a good halloo in
+the ball play. All the animals and birds used to play ball in those
+days and were just as proud of a loud halloo as the ball players of
+today. The Turkey had a poor voice, so he asked the Grouse to give
+him lessons. The Grouse agreed to teach him, but wanted pay for
+his trouble, and the Turkey promised to give him some feathers to
+make him a collar. This is how the Grouse got his collar of turkey
+feathers. They began the lessons, and the Turkey learned very fast
+until the Grouse thought it was time for the Turkey to try his
+voice. "Now," said the Grouse, "I'll stand on this hollow log, and
+when I give the signal by tapping on it, you must halloo as loudly as
+you can." So he got upon the log ready to tap on it, as a Grouse does,
+but when he gave the signal the Turkey was so eager and excited that
+he could not raise his voice for a shout, but only gobbled, and ever
+since then he gobbles whenever he hears a noise.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH ELEVEN.
+
+HOW THE KINGFISHER GOT HIS BILL.
+
+
+Some old men tell us that the Kingfisher was meant in the beginning
+to be a water bird, but as he had not been given either web feet or
+a good bill he could not make a living.
+
+The animals held a council over it and decided to make him a bill
+like a long sharp awl for a fish-gig or spear.
+
+They made him a fish-gig and fastened it on in front of his mouth. Me
+flew to the top of a tree, sailed out and darted down into the water,
+and came up with a fish on his gig; and he has been the best gigger
+ever since.
+
+Others say it was this way: A Blacksnake found a yellow-hammer's nest
+in a hollow tree, and after swallowing the young birds, coiled up in
+the nest to sleep, and when the mother bird found him there, she went
+for help to the Little People, who sent her to the Kingfisher. He
+came, and after flying back and forth past the hole a few times,
+made one dart at the snake and pulled him out dead.
+
+When they looked they found a hole in the snake's head where the
+Kingfisher had pierced it with a slender tugaluna fish, which he
+carried in his bill like a lance. From this the Little People concluded
+that he would make a first-class gigger if he only had the right spear,
+so they gave him his long bill as a reward, and he has ever since been
+known among all the fowls and animals as the best fisherman among them.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH TWELVE.
+
+HOW THE PARTRIDGE GOT HIS WHISTLE.
+
+
+In the old days, when the world was new, the Terrapin had a fine
+whistle, but the Partridge had none. The Terrapin was constantly
+going about whistling and showing his whistle to the other animals,
+until the Partridge became jealous, so one day when they met, the
+Partridge asked leave of the Terrapin to try the whistle.
+
+The Terrapin was afraid to risk it at first, suspecting some trick,
+but the Partridge said, "I'll give it back right away, and if you are
+afraid you can stay with me while I practice." So the Terrapin let
+him have the whistle and the Partridge walked around blowing on it in
+fine fashion. "How does it sound with me?" asked the Partridge. "O,
+you do very well," said the Terrapin, walking alongside. "Now, how do
+you like it," said the Partridge, running ahead and whistling a little
+faster. "That's fine," answered the Terrapin, hurrying to keep up,
+"but don't run so fast." "And now how do you like this?" called the
+Partridge, and with that he spread his wings, gave one long whistle,
+and flew to the top of a tree, leaving the poor Terrapin to look
+after him from the ground.
+
+The Terrapin never recovered his whistle, and from that and the loss
+of his scalp, which was stolen from him by the Turkey, he grew ashamed
+to be seen, and ever since then he shuts himself up in his box when
+anyone comes near him.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH THIRTEEN.
+
+HOW THE RED BIRD GOT HIS COLOR.
+
+
+A Raccoon passing a Wolf one day made several insulting remarks,
+until at last the Wolf became angry and turned and chased him. The
+Raccoon ran his best, and managed to reach a tree by the river side
+before the Wolf came up. He climbed the tree and stretched out on
+a limb overhanging the water. When the Wolf arrived, he saw the
+reflection in the water, and, thinking it was the Raccoon, jumped
+at it and was nearly drowned before he could scramble out again,
+all wet and dripping. He lay down on the bank to dry and fell asleep,
+and while he was sleeping the Raccoon came down the tree and got some
+blue-pipe clay and plastered his eyes so that he could not open them
+and he began to howl and make a whining noise.
+
+A little brown bird came along and hearing the Wolf crying, asked
+what was the matter. The Wolf told his story and said: "If you will
+get my eyes open, I will show you where to get some nice red paint
+to paint yourself." "All right," said the brown bird; so he began to
+peck at the mud and soon got his eyes open. Then the Wolf took him
+to a rock that had streaks of bright red paint running through it,
+and the little bird painted himself with it, and has ever since been
+known as the Red-bird.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH FOURTEEN.
+
+THE PHEASANT BEATING CORN, THE ORIGIN OF THE PHEASANT DANCE.
+
+
+The Pheasant once saw a woman beating corn in a wooden mortar in front
+of the house. "I can do that, too," said he, but the woman would not
+believe it, so the Pheasant went into the woods and got upon a hollow
+log and "drummed" with his wings, as a Pheasant does, until the people
+in the house heard him and thought he was really beating corn.
+
+In the Pheasant dance, a part of the Green-Corn dance, the instrument
+used is a drum, and the dancers beat the ground with their feet in
+imitation of the drumming sound made by the Pheasant.
+
+They form two concentric circles, the men beginning on the inside,
+facing the women in the outer circle; each in turn advancing and
+retreating at the signal of the drummer, who sits at one side and
+sings the Pheasant songs. According to the story, there was once a
+winter famine among the birds and animals. No mast could be found in
+the woods, and they were near starvation when a Pheasant discovered a
+holly tree, loaded with red berries, which the Pheasant is very fond
+of. He called his companions, and they formed a circle about the tree,
+singing, dancing and drumming with their wings in token of their joy,
+and thus originated the Pheasant dance.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH FIFTEEN.
+
+THE RACE BETWEEN THE CRANE AND THE HUMMING-BIRD.
+
+
+The Humming-Bird and the Crane were both in love with a pretty
+woman. She preferred the Humming-bird, who was as handsome as the
+Crane was awkward, but the Crane was so persistent that in order
+to get rid of him she finally told him he must challenge the other
+to a race and she would marry the winner. The Humming-bird was so
+swift--almost like a flash of lightning--and the Crane so slow and
+heavy, that she felt sure that the Humming-bird would win. She did
+not know that the Crane could fly all night.
+
+They agreed to start from her house and fly around the circle of the
+world to the beginning, and the one who came in first would marry
+the woman. At the word the Humming-bird darted off like an arrow and
+was out of sight in a moment, leaving his rival to follow heavily
+behind. He flew all day, and when evening came and he stopped to
+roost for the night he was far ahead. But the Crane flew steadily
+all night, passing the humming-bird soon after midnight, and going
+on until he came to a creek and stopped to rest about daybreak. The
+Humming-bird woke up in the morning and flew on again, thinking how
+easily he would win the race, until he reached the creek, and there
+found the Crane spearing tadpoles, with his long bill, for breakfast.
+
+He was very much surprised and wondered how this could have happened,
+but he flew swiftly by and soon left the Crane out of sight again. The
+Crane finished his breakfast and started on, and when evening came
+he kept on as before.
+
+This time it was hardly midnight when he passed the Humming-bird
+asleep on a limb, and in the morning he had finished his breakfast
+before the other came up. The next day he gained a little more,
+and on the fourth day he was spearing tadpoles for dinner when the
+Humming-bird passed him. On the fifth and sixth days it was late in
+the afternoon before the Humming-bird came up, and, on the morning
+of the seventh day the Crane was a whole night's travel ahead.
+
+He took his time at breakfast and then fixed himself up as nicely
+as he could at the creek and came in at the starting place where the
+woman lived, early in the morning.
+
+When the Humming-bird arrived in the afternoon he found that he had
+lost the race, but the woman declared she would never have such an
+ugly fellow for a husband as the Crane.
+
+Moral. Beware of fine feathers.
+
+
+
+
+
+SNAKE, FISH AND INSECT MYTHS.
+
+
+MYTH SIXTEEN.
+
+THE SNAKE TRIBE.
+
+
+The generic name for snake is inadu. They are all regarded as
+inaduwehi, "supernaturals," having an intimate connection with the
+rain and the thunder gods, and possessing a certain influence over the
+other animals and plant tribes. It is said that the snakes, the deer,
+and the ginseng act as allies, so that an injury to one is avenged
+by the others. The feeling toward snakes is one mingled with fear
+and reverence, and every precaution is taken to avoid the killing
+or offending one, especially the rattlesnake. He who kills a snake
+will soon see others; and should he kill a second one, so many will
+come around him, whichever way he may turn, that he will become dazed
+at the sight of their glistening eyes and darting tongues, and will
+go wandering about like a crazy man, unable to find his way out of
+the woods.
+
+To guard against this misfortune there are certain prayers which the
+initiated say in order that a snake may not cross their path, and on
+meeting the first one of the season the hunter humbly begs of him,
+"Let us not see each other this summer." Certain smells, as that
+of the wild parsnip, and certain songs, as those of the Unikawi or
+town-house dance, are offensive to the snakes and make them angry. For
+this reason the Unikawi dance is held only late in the fall, after
+they have retired to their dens for the winter.
+
+When one dreams of being bitten by a snake he must be treated the
+same as for the actual bite, because it is the snake ghost that has
+bitten him; otherwise the place will swell and ulcerate in the same
+way, even though it be years afterwards. For fear of offending them,
+even in speaking, it is never said that a man has been bitten by a
+snake, but only that he has been "scratched by a briar." Most of the
+beliefs and customs in this connection have more special reference
+to the rattlesnake.
+
+The rattlesnake is called utsanati, which may be rendered, "he
+has a bell," alluding to the rattles. According to their myths the
+rattlesnake was once a man, and was transformed to his present shape
+that he might save the human race from extermination by the Sun,
+a mission which he accomplished successfully after others had failed.
+
+By the old men he is also spoken of as "The Thunder's Necklace,"
+and to kill one is to destroy one of the most prized ornaments of
+the Thunder-god. In one of the formulas addressed to the Little Men,
+the sons of the Thunder, they are implored to take the disease snake
+to themselves, because, "It is just what you adorn yourselves with."
+
+For obvious reasons the rattlesnake is regarded as the chief of the
+tribe and is feared and respected accordingly. Few Cherokee will
+venture to kill one except under absolute necessity, and even then
+the crime must be atoned for by asking pardon of the snake ghost,
+either through the mediation of a priest or in person according to
+a set formula.
+
+Otherwise, the relatives of the dead snake will send one of their
+number to track up the offender and bite him, so that he will die. The
+only thing of which it is said that the rattlesnake is afraid is the
+plant known as campion, or "rattlesnake's master" (Silene Stella),
+which is used by doctors to counteract the effect of the bite, and
+it is believed that a snake will flee in terror from the hunter who
+carries a small piece of the root about his person.
+
+Notwithstanding the fear of the rattlesnake, his rattles, teeth,
+flesh and oil are greatly prized for occult or medical uses, the
+snake being killed for this purpose by certain priests who know the
+necessary rites and formulas for obtaining pardon.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH SEVENTEEN.
+
+THE UKTENA AND THE ULUNSUTI.
+
+
+Long ago--hilahiyu--when the Sun became angry at the people on earth,
+and sent a sickness to destroy them, the Little Men changed a man
+into a monster snake, as large as the trunk of a tree, with horns,
+which they called the Uktena, "The Keen-eyed," and sent him to kill
+her. He failed to do the work, and the Rattlesnake had to be sent
+instead, which made the Uktena so jealous and angry that the people
+were afraid of him and had him taken to Galunlati, to stay with the
+other dangerous things. He left others behind him, though, nearly
+as large and dangerous as himself, and they hide now in the deep
+pools in the river and about lonely passes in the high mountains,
+the places which the Cherokee call, "Where the Uktena stays."
+
+Those who know say that the Uktena with its horns on its head has
+a bright blazing crest like a diamond upon its forehead, and scales
+glittering like sparks of fire upon its body. It has rings or spots
+along its whole length, and cannot be wounded except by shooting in
+the seventh spot from the head because under this spot are its heart
+and its life.
+
+The blazing spot is called Ulunsuti, "Transparent," and he who can
+win it may become the greatest wonder-worker of the tribe, but it is
+worth a man's life to attempt it, for whoever is seen by the Uktena
+is so dazed by the bright light that he runs toward the snake instead
+of trying to escape. Even to see the Uktena asleep is death, not to
+the hunter himself, but to his family. Of all the daring warriors
+who have started out in search of Ulunsu'ti only Agan-uni-tsi ever
+came back successful.
+
+The East Cherokee still keeps the one that he bought. It is like a
+transparent crystal, nearly the shape of a cartridge bullet, with
+blood-red streaks running thru the center from top to bottom. The
+owner keeps it wrapped in a whole deerskin, inside an earthen vessel,
+hidden away in a secret cave in the mountains.
+
+Every seven days he feeds it with the blood of small game, rubbing
+the blood all over the crystal as soon as the animal has been
+killed. Twice a year it must have the blood of a deer or some other
+large animal. Should he forget to feed it at the proper time it would
+come out of the cave at night in a shape of fire and fly thru the
+air to slake its thirst with the life blood of the conjurer or some
+of his people.
+
+He may save himself from this danger by telling it, when he puts it
+away, that he will not need it again for a long time. It will then go
+quietly to sleep and feel no hunger until it is again brought out to
+be consulted. Then it must be fed again on blood before it is used. No
+white man must ever see it, and no person but the owner will venture
+near it for fear of sudden death.
+
+Even the conjurer who keeps it is afraid of it, and changes its hiding
+place every once in a while so that it cannot learn the way out. When
+he dies it will be buried with him. Otherwise, it will come out of
+its cave, like a blazing star, to search for his grave, night after
+night for seven years, when, if still not able to find him, it will
+go back to sleep forever where he has placed it.
+
+Whoever owns the Ulunsuti is sure of success in hunting, love,
+rain-making and every other business, but its great use is in life
+prophecy. When it is consulted for this purpose the future is seen
+mirrored in the clear crystal as a tree is reflected in the quiet
+stream below, and the conjurer knows whether the sick man will recover,
+whether the warrior will return from the battle, or whether the youth
+will live to be old.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH EIGHTEEN.
+
+AGAN-UNI-TSI'S SEARCH FOR THE UKTENA.
+
+
+In one of their battles with the Showano, who are all magicians, the
+Cherokee captured a great medicine-man, whose name was Agan-uni-tsi,
+"The Ground-Hog's Mother." They had tied him ready for the torture
+when he begged for his life, and engaged, if they spared him, to find
+for them the great wonder-worker, the Ulunsuti. Now, the Ulunsuti is
+like a blazing star set in the forehead of the great Uktena serpent,
+and the medicine-man who could possess it might do marvelous things,
+but everyone knew that this could not be, because it was certain
+death to meet the Uktena. They warned him of all this, but he only
+answered that his medicine was strong and that he was not afraid. So
+they gave him his life on that condition and he began the search.
+
+The Uktena used to lie in wait in lonely places to surprise its
+victims, and especially haunted the dark passes of the Great Smoky
+Mountains. Knowing this, the magician went first to a gap in the
+range on the far northern border of the Cherokee country. He searched
+there and found a monster blacksnake, larger than had ever been known
+before, but it was not what he was looking for, and he laughed at it
+as something too small for notice.
+
+Coming southward to the next gap he found there a moccasin snake,
+the largest ever seen, but when the people wondered he said it was
+nothing. In the next gap he found a green snake and called the people
+to see it, (the pretty salikwaya), but when they found an immense
+greensnake coiled up in the path they ran away in fear.
+
+Coming on to Utawa-gun-ti, the Bald mountain, he found there a great
+diyahali (lizard) basking, but, although it was large and terrible to
+look at, it was not what he was looking for and he paid no attention to
+it. Going still further south to Walasi-yi, the Frog place, he found
+a great frog squatting in the gap but when the people who came to see
+it were frightened like the others and ran away from the monster he
+mocked at them for being afraid of a frog and went on to the next gap.
+
+He went on to Duni-skwa-lgun-yi, the Gap of the Forked Antler, and to
+the enchanted lake of Atagahi, and at each he found monstrous reptiles,
+but he said they were nothing.
+
+He thought that the Uktena might be hiding in the deep water at
+Tlanusiyi, the Leech place, on Hiwassee, where other strange things
+had been seen before, and going there he dived far down under the
+surface. He saw turtles and water snakes, and two immense sun-perches
+rushed at him and retreated again, but that was all.
+
+Other places he tried, going always southward, and at last on Gahuti
+mountain he found the Uktena asleep.
+
+Turning without noise, he ran swiftly down the mountainside as far
+as he could go with one long breath, nearly to the bottom of the
+slope. Then he stopped and piled up a lot of pine-cones, and inside
+of it he dug a deep trench. Then he set fire to the cones and came
+back again up the mountain.
+
+The Uktena was still asleep, and, putting an arrow to his bow,
+Agan-uni-tsi shot and sent the arrow through its heart, which was
+under the seventh spot from the serpent's head.
+
+The great snake raised his head, with the diamond in front flashing
+fire, and came straight at his enemy, but the magician, turning
+quickly, ran at full speed down the mountain, cleared the circle
+of fire and the trench at one bound, and lay down on the ground
+inside. The Uktena tried to follow, but the arrow was thru his heart,
+and in another moment he rolled over in his death struggle, spitting
+poison over all the mountainside. The poison drops could not pass the
+circle of fire, but only hissed and sputtered in the blaze, and the
+magician on the inside was untouched except by one small drop which
+struck upon his head as he lay close to the ground; but he did not
+know it. The blood, too, as poisonous as the froth, poured from the
+Uktena's wound and down the slope in a stream, but it ran into the
+trench and left him unharmed.
+
+The dying monster rolled over and over down the mountain, breaking down
+large trees in its path until it reached the bottom. Then Agan-uni-tsi
+called every bird in all the woods to come to the feast, and so many
+came that when they were done not even the bones were left. After
+seven days he went by night to the spot.
+
+The body and the bones of the snake were gone, all eaten by the birds,
+but he saw a bright light shining in the darkness, and going over
+to it he found, resting on a low-hanging branch, where a raven had
+dropped it, the diamond from the head of Uktena. He wrapped it up
+carefully and took it with him, and from that time he became the
+greatest medicine-man in the whole tribe.
+
+When he came down again to the settlement the people noticed a small
+snake hanging from his head where the single drop of poison from the
+Uktena had struck him; but so long as he lived he himself never knew
+that it was there.
+
+Where the blood of the Uktena had filled the trench a lake formed
+afterwards, and the water was black and in this water the women used
+to dye the cane splits for their baskets.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH NINETEEN.
+
+THE RED MAN AND THE UKTENA.
+
+
+Two brothers went hunting together, and when they came to a good
+camping place in the mountains they made a fire, and while one gathered
+bark to put up a shelter, the other started up the creek to look for a
+deer. Soon he heard a noise on the top of the ridge as if two animals
+were fighting. He hurried thru the brush to see what it might be,
+and when he came to the spot he found a great Uktena coiled around
+a man and choking him to death. The man was fighting for his life,
+and called out to the hunter, "Help me, nephew; he is your enemy as
+well as mine." The hunter took good aim, and, drawing the arrow to
+the head, sent it thru the body of the Uktena, so that the blood
+spouted from the hole. The snake loosed its coils with a snapping
+noise, and went tumbling down the ridge into the valley, tearing up
+the earth like a water-spout as it rolled.
+
+The stranger stood up, and it was the Asgaya Gigagei, the Red Man of
+the Lightning. He said to the hunter: "You have helped me, and now I
+will reward you, and give you a medicine so that you can always find
+game." They waited until it was dark, and then went down the ridge
+to where the dead Uktena had rolled, but by this time the birds and
+the insects had eaten the body and only the bones were left.
+
+In one place were flashes of light coming up from the ground, and on
+digging here, just under the surface, the Red Man found a scale of
+the Uktena. Next he went over to the tree that had been struck by
+lightning, and gathering a handful of splinters he made a fire and
+burned the scale of the Uktena to a coal. He wrapped this in a piece
+of deerskin and gave it to the hunter, saying: "As long as you keep
+this you can always kill game."
+
+Then he told the hunter that when he went back to camp he must hang
+up the medicine on a tree outside, because it was very strong and
+dangerous. He told him also that when he went into the cabin he would
+find his brother lying inside nearly dead on account of the presence
+of the Uktena scale, but he must take a small piece of cane, which
+the Red Man gave him, and scrape a little of it into water and give
+it to his brother to drink, and he would be well again.
+
+Then the Red Man was gone, and the hunter could not see where he
+went. He returned to camp alone, and found his brother very sick,
+but soon cured him with the medicine from the cane, and that day and
+the next, and every day after, he found game whenever he went for it.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH TWENTY.
+
+THE HUNTER AND THE UKSUHI.
+
+
+A man living down in Georgia came to visit some relatives at
+Hickory-log. He was a great hunter, and after resting for some days,
+got ready to go into the mountains. His friends warned him not to go
+toward the north, as in that direction, near a certain large uprooted
+tree, there lived a dangerous monster Uksuhi snake.
+
+It kept constant watch, and whenever it could spring upon an unwary
+hunter it would coil about him and crush out his life in its folds,
+and then drag the dead body down the mountainside into a deep hole in
+Hiwassee river. He listened quietly to the warning, but all they said
+only made him the more anxious to see such a monster, so, without
+saying anything of his intentions, he left the settlement and took
+his way directly up the mountain toward the north.
+
+Soon he came to the fallen tree and climbed upon the trunk, and there,
+sure enough, on the other side was the great Uksuhi stretched out in
+the grass, with its head raised, but looking the other way.
+
+It was as large as a common trunk of a tree, and at the sight of this
+terrible monster the hunter became so much frightened that he made
+haste to get down from the log and started to run; but the great snake
+had heard him approach, and the noise as he started to make his escape,
+whereupon it turned quickly and pursued him.
+
+Up the ridge the hunter ran, the snake close behind him, then down
+the other side toward the river, but with all his running the Uksuhi
+gained rapidly, and just as he reached the low ground it caught up
+with him and wrapped around him, pinning one arm down by his side,
+but leaving the other free. Now, it gave him a terrible squeeze that
+almost broke his ribs, and then began to drag him along toward the
+water. With his free hand the hunter began to clutch at the bushes
+as they passed, but the snake turned his head and blew its sickening
+breath into his face, until he had to let go his hold.
+
+Again and again this happened, and all the time they were getting
+nearer and nearer to a deep hole in the river, when, almost at the last
+moment, a lucky thought came into the hunter's mind. He was sweating
+all over from his run across the mountain, and suddenly remembered to
+have heard that snakes cannot bear the smell of perspiration. Putting
+his free hand into his bosom he worked it around under his armpit
+until it was covered with perspiration. Then withdrawing it, he
+grasped at a bush until the snake turned its head, when he quickly
+slapped his sweaty hand on its nose. The Uksuhi gave one gasp almost
+as if it had been wounded, loosened its coil, and glided swiftly
+away thru the bushes, leaving the hunter, bruised but not disabled,
+to make his way home to the Hickory-log.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH TWENTY-ONE.
+
+THE USTUTLI.
+
+
+There was once a great serpent, called the Ustutli, that made its
+haunt upon Cohutta mountain. It was called the Ustutli or "foot" snake,
+because it did not glide like other snakes, but had feet at each end of
+its body, and moved by strides or jerks, like a great measuring worm.
+
+These feet were three-cornered and flat and could hold to the ground
+like suckers. It had no legs, but would raise itself up on its hind
+feet, with its snaky head high in the air until it found a good place
+to take a fresh hold; then it would bend down and grip its front feet
+to the ground while it drew its body up from behind.
+
+It could cross rivers and deep ravines by throwing its head across,
+and getting a grip with its front feet, and then swing its body
+over. Wherever its footprints were found there was danger.
+
+It used to bleat like a young fawn, and when the hunter heard a fawn
+bleat in the woods he never looked for it, but hurried away in the
+other direction. Up the mountain or down, nothing could escape the
+Ustutli's pursuit, but along the side of the ridge it could not go,
+because the great weight of its swinging head broke its hold on the
+ground when it moved sideways.
+
+It came to pass after awhile that not a hunter about Cohutta would
+venture near the mountain for dread of the Ustutli.
+
+At last a man from one of the northern settlements came down to visit
+some relatives in that neighborhood. When he arrived they made a feast
+for him, but only had corn and beans, and excused themselves for having
+no meat because the hunters were afraid to go into the mountains. He
+asked the reason, and when they told him he said he would go himself
+tomorrow and either bring in a deer or find the Ustutli. They tried
+to dissuade him from it, but as he insisted upon going they warned
+him that if a fawn bleated in the thicket he must run at once and if
+the snake came after him he must not try to run down the mountain,
+but along the side of the ridge.
+
+In the morning he started out, and went directly to the
+mountain. Working his way thru the bushes at the base, he suddenly
+heard a fawn bleat in front. He guessed at once that it was the
+Ustutli, but he had made up his mind to see it, so he did not
+turn back, but went straight forward, and there, sure enough, was
+the monster, with its great head in the air, as high as the pine
+branches, looking in every direction to discover a deer, or maybe
+a man, for breakfast. It saw him and came at him at once, moving
+in jerky strides, every one the length of a tree trunk, holding its
+scaly head high above the bushes and bleating as it came. The hunter
+was so badly frightened that he lost his wits entirely and started
+to run directly up the mountain.
+
+The great snake came after him, gaining half its length on him
+every time it took a fresh grip with its fore feet, and would have
+caught the hunter before he reached the top of the ridge, but that he
+suddenly remembered the warning and changed his course to run along
+the side of the mountain. At once the snake began to lose ground,
+for every time it raised itself up the weight of its body threw it
+out of a straight line and made it fall a little lower down the side
+of the ridge. It tried to recover itself, but now the hunter gained
+and kept on until he turned the end of the ridge and left the snake
+out of sight. Then he cautiously climbed to the top and looked over
+and saw the Ustutli still slowly working its way toward the summit.
+
+He went down to the base of the mountain, opened his fire pouch,
+and set fire to the grass and leaves. Soon the fire ran all around
+the mountain and began to climb upward.
+
+When the great serpent smelled the smoke and saw the flames coming,
+it forgot all about the hunter and turned to make all speed for a
+high cliff near the summit. It reached the rock and got upon it,
+but the fire followed and caught the dead pines about the base of
+the cliff until the heat made the Ustutli's scales crack.
+
+Taking a close grip of the rock with its hind feet, it raised its
+body and put forth all its strength in an effort to spring across
+the wall of fire that surrounded it, but the smoke choked it and its
+hold loosened and it fell among the blazing pine trunks and lay there
+until it was burned to ashes.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH TWENTY-TWO.
+
+THE UWTSUNTA.
+
+
+At Nundayeli, the wildest spot in Nantahala river, (in what is now
+Macon County, North Carolina), where the overhanging cliff is highest
+and the river far below, there lived in the old time a great snake
+called the Uwtsunta (or bouncer), because it moved by jerks like a
+measuring worm, with only one part of its body on the ground at a
+time. It stayed generally on the east side, where the sun came first
+in the morning, and used to cross by reaching over from the highest
+point of the cliff until it could get a grip on the other side,
+when it would pull over the rest of its body.
+
+It was so immense that when it was thus stretched across, its shadow
+darkened the whole valley below.
+
+For a long time the people did not know it was there, but when at
+last they found out that such a monster inhabited the country, they
+were afraid to live in the valley, so that it was deserted long before
+the Indians were removed from the country.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH TWENTY-THREE.
+
+THE SNAKE BOY.
+
+
+There was a boy who used to go bird hunting every day, and all the
+birds he brought home to give to his grandmother, who was very fond
+of him. This made the rest of the family jealous, and they treated
+him in such fashion that at last one day he told his grandmother he
+would leave them all, but that she must not grieve for him.
+
+Next morning he refused to eat any breakfast, but went off hungry to
+the woods and was gone all day. In the evening he returned, bringing
+with him a pair of deer horns, and went directly to the hothouse
+(Asi), where his grandmother was waiting for him. He told the old
+woman that he must be alone that night, so she got up and went into
+the house where the others were.
+
+At early daybreak she came again to the hothouse and looked in, and
+there she saw an immense Uktena that filled the Asi, with horns on
+its head, but still with two human legs instead of a snake's tail.
+
+It was all that was left of her boy. He spoke to her and told her to
+leave him, and she went away again from the door. When the sun was
+well up, the Uktena began slowly to crawl out, but it was full noon
+before it was all out of the Asi. It made a terrible hissing noise
+as it came out, and all the people ran from it.
+
+It crawled on thru the settlement, leaving a broad trail in the ground
+behind it, until it came to a deep bend in the river, where it plunged
+in and went under the water.
+
+The grandmother grieved much for the boy, until the others of the
+family got angry and told her that she thought so much of him that
+she ought to go and stay with him. So she left them and went along
+the trail made by the Uktena to the river and walked directly into
+the water and disappeared. Once after that a man fishing near the
+place saw her sitting on a large rock in the river, looking just as
+she had always looked, but as soon as she caught sight of him she
+jumped into the water and was gone.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH TWENTY-FOUR.
+
+THE SNAKE MAN.
+
+
+Two hunters, both for some reason under a tabu against the meat of
+a squirrel or turkey, had gone into the woods together. When evening
+came, they found a good camping place and lighted a fire to prepare
+their supper. One of them had killed several squirrels during the day,
+and now got ready to broil them over the fire.
+
+His companion warned him that if he broke the tabu and ate squirrel
+meat he would become a snake, but the other laughed and said that was
+only a conjurer's story. He went on with the preparation, and when
+the squirrels were roasted made his supper of them and then lay down
+by the fire to sleep.
+
+Late that night his companion was aroused by groaning, and on looking
+around he found the other lying on the ground rolling and twisting in
+agony, and with the lower part of his body already changed to the body
+and tail of a large watersnake. The man was still able to speak and
+call loudly for help, but his companion could do nothing, but only sit
+by and try to comfort him while he watched the arms sink into his body
+and the skin take on a scaly change that mounted gradually toward the
+neck, until at last even the head was a serpent's head and the great
+snake crawled away from the fire and down the bank into the river,
+and was never seen again.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH TWENTY-FIVE.
+
+THE RATTLESNAKE'S REVENGE.
+
+
+One day in the olden times, when we could still talk with other
+creatures, while some children were playing about the house, their
+mother inside heard them scream. Running outside she found that a
+rattlesnake had crawled from the grass, and taking up a stick she
+killed it. The father was out hunting in the mountains, and that
+evening when coming home after dark thru the gap, he heard a strange
+wailing sound. Looking about he found that he had come into the midst
+of a whole company of rattlesnakes, all of which had their mouths open
+and seemed to be crying. He asked them the reason of their trouble,
+and they told him that his own wife had that day killed their chief,
+the Yellow Rattlesnake, and they were just now about to send the
+Black Rattlesnake to take revenge.
+
+The hunter said he was very sorry, but they told him that if he spoke
+the truth that he must be ready to make satisfaction and give his
+wife as a sacrifice for the life of their chief. Not knowing what
+might happen otherwise, he consented. They then told him that the
+Black Rattlesnake would go home with him and coil up just outside
+the door in the dark. He must go inside, where he would find his wife
+awaiting him, and ask her to get him a fresh drink of water from the
+spring. That was all. He went home and knew that the Black Rattlesnake
+was following. It was night when he arrived and very dark, but he found
+his wife waiting with his supper ready. He sat down and asked for a
+drink of water. She handed him a gourd full from the jar, but he said
+he wanted it fresh from the spring, so she took a bowl and went out of
+the door. The next moment he heard a cry, and going out he found that
+the Black Rattlesnake had bitten her and that she was already dying.
+
+He stayed with her until she was dead, when the Black Rattlesnake
+came out from the grass again and said his tribe was now satisfied.
+
+He then taught the hunter a prayer song, and said, "When you meet
+any of us hereafter sing this song and we will not hurt you; but if
+by accident one of us should bite one of your tribe, then sing this
+song over him and he will recover." And the Cherokee have kept this
+song and sing it until this day.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH TWENTY-SIX.
+
+THE NEST OF THE TLANUWAS.
+
+
+On the north bank of Little Tennessee river, in a bend below the
+mouth of Citico creek, in Blount County, Tennessee, is a high cliff
+hanging over the water, and about half way up the face of the rock is
+a cave with two openings. The rock projects outward above the cave,
+so that the mouth cannot be seen from above, and it seems impossible
+to reach the cave either from above or below.
+
+There are white streaks in the rock from the cave down to the
+water. The Cherokee call it Tlanuwai (the place of the Great Mythic
+Hawk).
+
+In the old time, away back soon after the creation, a pair of Tlanuwas
+had their nest in this cave. They were immense birds, larger than
+any that live now, and very strong and savage.
+
+They were forever flying up and down the river, and used to come into
+the settlements and carry off dogs and even young children playing
+near the houses. No one could reach the nest to kill them, and when
+the people tried to shoot them the arrows only glanced off and were
+seized and carried away in the talons of the Tlanuwas.
+
+At last the people went to a great medicine man, who promised to
+help them. Some were afraid that if he failed to kill the Tlanuwas
+they would take revenge on the people, but the medicine man said he
+could fix that. He made a long rope of linn bark, just as the Cherokee
+still do, with loops in it for his feet, and had the people let him
+down from the top of the cliff at a time when he knew that the old
+birds were away.
+
+When he came opposite the mouth of the cave he still could not reach
+it, because the rocks above hung over, so he swung himself backward
+and forward several times until the rope swung near enough for him
+to pull himself into the cave with a hooked stick that he carried,
+which he managed to fasten in some bushes growing at the entrance.
+
+In the nest he found four young ones, and on the floor of the cave
+were the bones of all sorts of animals and children that had been
+carried there by the hawks. He pulled the young ones out of the nest
+and threw them over the cliff into the deep water below, where a
+great Uktena serpent that lived there finished them.
+
+Just then he saw the two old ones coming, and had hardly time to
+climb up again to the top of the rock before they reached the nest.
+
+When they found the nest empty they were furious, and circled round
+and round in the air until they saw the snake put its head from the
+water. Then they darted straight downward, and while one seized the
+snake in his talons and flew far up in the sky with it, his mate struck
+at it and bit off piece after piece until nothing was left. They were
+so high up that when the pieces fell they made holes in the rocks,
+which are still to be seen there, at the place which we call, "Where
+the Tlanuwa cut it up," opposite the mouth of Citico. Then the two
+hawks circled up and up until they went out of sight, and they have
+never been seen any more.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH TWENTY-SEVEN.
+
+THE HUNTER AND THE TLANUWA.
+
+
+A hunter out in the woods one day saw a Tlanuwa overhead and tried to
+hide from it, but the great bird had already seen him, and, sweeping
+down, struck its claws into his hunting pack, and carried him far
+up into the air. As it flew, the Tlanuwa, which was a mother-bird,
+spoke and told the hunter that he need not be afraid, as she would
+not hurt him, but only wanted him to stay awhile with her young ones
+to guard them until they were old enough to leave the nest.
+
+At last they alighted at the mouth of a cave in the face of a steep
+cliff. Inside, the water was dripping from the roof, and at the
+farther end was a nest of sticks in which were two young birds.
+
+The old Tlanuwa set the hunter down and then flew away, returning
+soon with a fresh-killed deer, which it tore to pieces, giving the
+first piece to the hunter and then feeding the two young hawks.
+
+The hunter stayed in the cave for many days until the young birds
+were nearly grown, and every day the old mother bird would fly away
+from the nest and return in the evening with a deer or a bear, of
+which she always gave the first piece to the hunter. He grew very
+anxious to see his home again, but the Tlanuwa kept telling him not
+to be uneasy, but to wait a little while longer. At last he made up
+his mind to escape from the cave and finally studied out the plan.
+
+The next morning, after the great hawk had gone, he dragged one of
+the young birds to the mouth of the cave and tied himself to one of
+its legs with a strap from his hunting pack. Then with the flat side
+of the tomahawk he struck it several times on the head until it was
+dazed and helpless, then pushed the bird and himself together off
+the shelf of rock into the air. They fell far, far down toward the
+earth, but the air from below held up the bird's wings, so that it
+was almost as if they were flying. As the Tlanuwa revived it tried
+to fly upward toward the nest, but the hunter struck it again with
+his hatchet until it was dazed and dropped again.
+
+At last they came down in the top of a poplar tree, when the hunter
+cut the strap from the leg of the bird and let it fly away, first
+pulling out a feather from its wing. He climbed down from the tree
+and went home to the settlement, but when he looked in his pack for
+the feather, he found that he only had a stone, for the Great Mythic
+Hawk had power to turn many objects into whatever it pleased.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH TWENTY-EIGHT.
+
+UTLUNTA, THE SPEAR FINGER.
+
+
+Long, long ago, there lived in the mountains a terrible ogress,
+a woman monster, whose food was human livers. She could take on any
+shape that she pleased, or that suited her purpose, but in her right
+form she looked very much like an old woman, excepting that her whole
+body was covered with a skin as hard as a rock, that no weapon could
+wound or penetrate, and that on her right hand she had a long, stony
+finger of bone, like an awl or spear-head, with which she stabbed
+everyone to whom she could get near enough. On account of this fact
+she was called Utlunta, "Spear Finger," and on account of her stony
+skin she was sometimes called Nunyunuwi, "Stone-dress."
+
+There was another stone-clothed monster that killed people, but that
+is a different story.
+
+Spear-finger had such power over stone that she could easily lift and
+carry immense rocks, and could cement them together by merely striking
+one against another. To get over the rough country more easily she
+undertook to build a great bridge through the air from Nunyutlugunyi,
+the "Tree Rock," on Hiwassee, over to Sanigilagi (Whiteside Mountain,
+in Jackson County, North Carolina,) on the Blue Ridge, and had it well
+started from the top of "Tree rock" when the lightning struck it and
+scattered the fragments along the whole ridge, where the pieces can
+still be seen by those who go there.
+
+She used to range all over the mountains about the heads of the streams
+and in the dark passes of Nantahala, always hungry and looking for
+victims. Her favorite haunt on the Tennessee side of the Great Smoky
+Mountains was about the gap on the trail where Chilhowee Mountains
+come down to the river.
+
+Sometimes the old woman would approach along the trail where the
+children were picking strawberries or playing near the village, and
+would say to them coaxingly, "Come, my grand children, come to your
+granny and let granny dress your hair." When some little girl ran up
+and laid her head in the old woman's lap to be petted and combed,
+the old witch would gently run her fingers thru the child's hair
+until it went to sleep, when she would stab the little one thru
+the heart or back of the neck with the long awl finger, which she
+had kept hidden under her robe. Then she would take out the liver
+and eat it. She would enter the house by taking the appearance of
+one of the family who happened to have gone out for a short time,
+and would watch her chance to stab some one with her long finger
+and take out his liver. She could stab him without being noticed,
+and often the victim did not even know it himself at the time--for it
+left no wound and caused no pain--but went on about his own affairs,
+until all at once he felt weak and began to pine away, and was always
+sure to die, because Spear-finger had taken his liver.
+
+When the Cherokee went out in the fall, according to their custom,
+to burn leaves off from the mountains in order to get the chestnuts
+on the ground, they were never safe, for the old witch was always on
+the lookout, and as soon as she saw the smoke rise she knew there
+were Indians there and she would sneak up and try to surprise one
+alone. So as well as they could they would try to keep together, and
+were very cautious of allowing any stranger to approach the camp. But
+if one went to the spring for a drink, they never knew but it might
+be the liver-eater that came back and sat with them. At last a great
+council was held to devise some means to get rid of the old witch
+before she should destroy everybody. The people came from all around
+to Nikwasi, (mound now near Franklin, N. C.) and after much talking it
+was decided that the best way to secure her demise would be to trap her
+in a pitfall where all the warriors could attack her at once. So they
+dug a deep pitfall across the path and covered it over with earth and
+grass as if the ground had never been disturbed. Then they kindled a
+large fire of brush near the trail and hid themselves in the laurels,
+because they knew that she would come as soon as she saw the smoke.
+
+Sure enough they soon saw an old woman coming along the trail. She
+looked very much like an old woman that they knew in the village,
+and although several of the wiser men wanted to shoot at her, the
+others interfered, because they did not want to hurt one of their
+own people. The old woman came slowly along the trail, with one hand
+under her blanket, until she stepped upon the pitfall and tumbled
+through the brush top into the deep hole below. Then, at once, she
+showed her true nature, and instead of the old feeble woman there was
+the terrible Utlunta with her stony skin, and her sharp awl finger
+reaching out in every direction for some one to stab.
+
+The hunters rushed out from the thicket and surrounded the pit, but
+shoot as true and as often as they could, the arrows struck the stony
+mail of the witch only to be broken and fall useless at her feet,
+while she taunted them and tried to climb out of the pit to get at
+them. They kept out of her way, but were only wasting their arrows
+when a small bird, Utsugi, the titmous, perched on a tree overhead and
+began to sing, "un, un, un." They thought it was saying unqhu, heart,
+meaning that they should aim at the heart of the stone witch. They
+directed their arrows where the heart should be, but the arrows only
+glanced off with the flint heads broken.
+
+Then they caught the Utsugi and cut off its tongue, so that ever
+since its tongue is short and everybody knows that it is a liar.
+
+When the hunters let it go, it flew straight up into the sky until it
+was out of sight, and it never came back any more, and the titmouse
+that we know now is only an image of the other.
+
+They kept up the fight without result until another bird, little
+Tsikilili, the chickadee, flew down from a tree and alighted upon the
+witch's right hand. The warriors took this as a sign that they must
+aim there, and they were right, for her heart was on the inside of
+her hand, which she kept doubled up into a fist, this same awl-hand
+with which she had stabbed so many people. Now she was frightened
+in earnest, and began to rush furiously at them with her long awl
+finger, and to jump about in the pit to dodge the arrows, until at
+last an arrow struck her just where the awl finger joined her wrist
+and she fell down dead. Ever since then the Tsikilili is known as a
+truth-teller, and when a man is away on a journey, if this bird comes
+and perches near the house and chirps its song, his friends know that
+he will soon reach his home in safety, and his friends will greet
+him upon his arrival.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH TWENTY-NINE.
+
+NUNYUNUWI, THE STONE MAN.
+
+
+This is what the old men used to tell us when we were boys. Once when
+all the people of the settlement were out in the mountains on a great
+hunt, one man who had gone ahead climbed to the top of a high ridge
+and found a large river on the other side.
+
+While he was looking across he saw an old man walking about on the
+opposite ridge, with a cane that seemed to be made of some bright,
+shining rock. The hunter watched and saw that every little while the
+old man would point his cane in a certain direction, then draw it
+back and smell the end of it. At last he pointed it in the direction
+of the hunter's camp on the other side of the mountain, and this
+time when he drew back the staff he sniffed it several times as if
+it smelled very good, and then started along the ridge straight for
+the camp. He moved very slowly, with the help of the cane, until he
+reached the end of the ridge, when he threw the cane out into the
+air and it became a bridge of shining rock stretching across the river.
+
+After he had crossed over upon the bridge it became a cane again
+and the old man picked it up and started over the mountain toward
+the camp. The hunter was frightened, and felt sure that it meant
+mischief, so he hurried on down the mountain and took the shortest
+trail back to the camp to get there before the old man. When he got
+there and told his story the medicine-man said the old man was a
+wicked cannibal monster called Nunyunuwi, "Dressed in Stone," who
+lived in the Nantahala mountains, and was always going about thru
+the forest looking for some hunter that he might kill and eat him.
+
+It was very hard to escape from him, because his cane guided him as a
+dog, and it was nearly as hard to kill him, for his body was entirely
+covered with a skin of solid rock. If he came he would kill and eat
+them all, and there was only one way to save their lives.
+
+He could not bear to look upon a woman, and if they could bring to
+the path seven married women, that the sight of them would kill him,
+and they would rid themselves of him. So they ran swiftly and brought
+quickly as many women as they could find, and placed them along the
+trail, and when the old man came, he saw one woman standing near the
+trail and the very sight of her made him sick and he cried out, "Yu,
+my grandchild, I hate the sight of woman!" He hurried past her and in
+a moment he saw the second woman standing as he had seen the other,
+and he cried out again, "Yu! my child; I hate the tribe of women, and
+he hurried past her, and he continued along the trail until he came
+to the seventh, and by this time he had become so much enraged that
+he fell down almost dead. Then the medicine-man drove seven sourwood
+switches through his body and pinned him to the ground, and when night
+came they piled great logs over him and set fire to them, and all the
+people gathered around to see. Nunyunuwi was a great adawehi and knew
+many secrets, and now as the fire came close to him he began to talk,
+and told them the medicine for all kinds of sickness. At midnight
+he began to sing, and sang the hunting songs for calling up the bear
+and deer and all the animals of the woods and mountains.
+
+As the blaze grew hotter his voice sank lower and lower, until at
+last when the daylight came, the logs were a heap of white ashes and
+the voice was still. Then the medicine-man told them to rake off the
+ashes, and where the body had lain they found only a large lump of
+wadi paint and a magic Ulunsuti stone. He kept the stone for himself,
+and calling the people around him he painted them on the face and
+breast with the red wadi, and whatever each person prayed for while
+the painting was being done, whether for hunting success, for working
+skill, or for long life--that gift was his.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH THIRTY.
+
+THE HUNTER AND DAKWA.
+
+
+In the old days there was a great fish called the Dakwa, which lived
+in the Tennessee river where Toco creek comes in at Dakwai, the "Dakwa
+place," above the mouth of Tellico, and which was so large that it
+could easily swallow a man. Once a canoe filled with warriors was
+crossing over from the town on the other side of the river, when the
+Dakwa suddenly rose up under the boat and threw them all into the
+air. As they came down it swallowed one with a single snap of its
+jaws and dived with him to the bottom of the river.
+
+As soon as the hunter came to his senses he found that he had not been
+hurt, but it was so hot and close inside the Dakwa that he was nearly
+smothered. As he groped around in the dark his hand struck a lot of
+mussel shells which the fish had swallowed, and taking one of these for
+a knife he began to cut his way out, until soon the fish grew uneasy
+at the scraping inside his stomach and came up to the top of the water
+for air. He kept on cutting until the fish was in such pain that it
+swam this way and that across the stream and thrashed the water into
+foam with its tail. Finally the hole was so large that he could look
+out, and found that the fish was resting in shallow water near the
+shore. The Dakwa soon became so sick from the wound that it vomited
+the hunter out of its mouth, and he with the others made their escape
+to Tellico, but the juices in the stomach of the fish made the hair
+fall from the head of the hunter so that he was bald ever after that.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH THIRTY-ONE.
+
+ATAGAHI, THE ENCHANTED LAKE.
+
+(This is the scene of the myth upon which the story of Occoneechee
+is founded.)
+
+
+Westward from the headwaters of Oconaluftee river, in the wildest
+depths of the Great Smoky Mountains, which form the line between North
+Carolina and Tennessee, is the enchanted lake of Atagahi, "Gall place."
+
+Although all of the Cherokee know that it is there, no one has ever
+seen it, for the way is so difficult that only the animals know how to
+reach it. Should a stray hunter come near the place he would know of
+it by the whirring sound of the wings of thousands of wild ducks and
+pigeons flying about the lake, but on reaching the spot he would find
+only a dry flat, without bird or animal or blade of grass, unless he
+had first sharpened his spiritual vision by prayer and fasting and
+an all-night vigil.
+
+Because the lake is not seen, some people think that the lake is dried
+up long ago, but this is not true. To one that had kept watch and
+fasted all the night it would appear at daybreak as a wide-extending,
+but shallow sheet of pure water, fed by springs spouting from the
+high cliffs around. In the water are all kinds of fish and reptiles,
+and swimming upon the surface or flying overhead are great flocks of
+ducks and pigeons, while all about the shore are bear tracks crossing
+in every direction. It is the medicine lake of the birds and animals,
+and whenever a bear is wounded by the hunter he makes his way thru
+the woods to this lake and plunges into the water, and when he comes
+out upon the other side his wounds are healed, and for this reason
+the animals keep the lake invisible to the hunter.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH THIRTY-TWO.
+
+THE BRIDE FROM THE SOUTH.
+
+
+The North went traveling, and after going far and meeting many
+different tribes he finally fell in love with the daughter of the
+South and wanted to marry her. The girl was willing, but her parents
+objected and said, "Ever since you came the weather has been cold,
+and if you stay here we will all freeze to death." The North pleaded
+hard, and said if they would let him have their daughter, he would
+take her back to his own country, so at last they consented.
+
+They were married and he took his bride back to his own country,
+and when they arrived there she found the people all living in ice
+houses. The next day, when the sun rose, the houses began to leak,
+and as it climbed higher the houses began to melt, and it grew warmer
+and warmer, until finally the people came to the young husband and told
+him he must send his wife home again, or the weather would get so warm
+that the whole settlement would be melted. He loved his wife and so
+held out as long as he could, but as the sun grew hotter the people
+were more urgent, and at last he had to send her home to her parents,
+but they agreed that she might return once a year for a short season,
+but that she should never come to live in the North again, for as she
+was reared in the South, that her whole nature was warm and that she
+was unfit to dwell in the North.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH THIRTY-THREE.
+
+THE ICE MAN.
+
+
+Once when the people were burning the woods in the fall, and the blaze
+set fire to a poplar tree, which continued to burn until the fire
+went down into the roots and burned a great hole in the ground. It
+burned, and burned, and the hole grew constantly larger, until the
+people became frightened and were afraid that it would burn the whole
+world. They tried to put out the fire, but it had gone too deep,
+and they did not know what to do. At last some one said there was a
+man living in a house of ice far in the north who could put out the
+fire, so messengers were sent, and after traveling a long distance
+they came to the ice house and found the Ice Man at home. He was
+a little fellow with long hair hanging down to the ground in two
+plaits. The messengers told him their errand and he at once said,
+"O yes, I can help you," and began to unplait his hair.
+
+When it was once all unbraided he took it up in one hand and struck
+it once across the other hand, and the messengers felt the wind blow
+against their cheeks. A second time he struck his hair across his
+hand, and a light rain began to fall. The third time he struck his
+hair across his open hand there was sleet mixed with the rain drops,
+and when he struck the fourth time great hailstones fell upon the
+ground, as if they had come out from the ends of the hair. "Go back
+now," said the Ice Man, "and I shall be there tomorrow."
+
+So the messengers returned to their people, whom they found still
+gathered helplessly about the great burning pit. The next day while
+they were all gathered about the fire, there came a wind from the
+north, and they were afraid, for they knew that it came from the
+Ice Man. But the wind only made the fire blaze higher. The light
+rain began to fall, but the drops seemed only to make the fire
+hotter. Then the shower turned to a heavy rain, with sleet and hail
+that killed the blaze and made clouds of smoke and steam rise from the
+red coals. The people fled to their homes for shelter, and the storm
+rose to a whirlwind that drove the rain into every burning crevice
+and piled great hailstones over the embers, until the fire was dead
+and even the smoke ceased. When at last it was all over, and the
+people returned, they found a lake where the burning pit had been,
+and from below the water came a sound as of embers still crackling.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH THIRTY-FOUR.
+
+THE HUNTER AND SELU.
+
+
+A hunter had been tramping over the mountains all day long without
+finding any game, and when the sun went down, he built a fire in a
+hollow stump, swallowed a few mouthfuls of corn gruel and lay down
+to sleep, tired out and completely discouraged.
+
+About the middle of the night he dreamed and seemed to hear the sound
+of beautiful singing, which continued until near daybreak, and then
+appeared to die away in the upper air.
+
+All the next day he hunted, with the same poor success, and at night
+made his lonely camp in the woods. He slept, and the same strange
+dream came again, but so vividly that it seemed to him like an actual
+happening. Rousing himself before daylight, he still heard the same
+song, and feeling sure now that it was real, he went in the direction
+of the sound and found that it came from a single green stalk of corn
+(selu).
+
+The plant spoke to him, and told him to cut off some of its roots
+and take them to his home in the settlement, and the next morning
+to chew them and "go to water" before anyone else was awake, and
+then to go out again into the woods, and he would kill many deer,
+and from that time on would always be successful in the hunt.
+
+The corn plant continued to talk, teaching him hunting secrets and
+telling him to be always generous with the game he took, until it was
+noon and the sun was high, when it suddenly took the form of a woman
+and rose gracefully into the air and was gone from sight, leaving
+the hunter alone in the woods. He returned home and told his story,
+and all the people knew that he had seen Selu, the wife of Kanati. He
+did as the spirit had directed, and from that time was noted as the
+most successful of all the hunters in the settlement.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH THIRTY-FIVE.
+
+THE NUNNEHI AND OTHER SPIRIT FOLKS.
+
+
+The Nunnehi or Immortals, the "People who live everywhere," were a
+race of spirit people who lived in the highlands of the old Cherokee
+country and had a great many town-houses, and especially on the tops
+of the bald mountains, the high peaks where no timber grows.
+
+They had large town-houses on Pilot Knob, and in Nik-Wasi mound,
+in what is now Macon County, North Carolina, and another in Blood
+Mountain, and at the head of Nottely river in Georgia. They were
+invisible excepting when they wanted to be seen, and they looked
+and spoke just like other Indians. They were very fond of music and
+dancing, and hunters in the mountains would often hear the dance songs
+and the drum-beating in some invisible town-house, but when they went
+toward the sound it would shift about and they would hear it behind
+them or away in some other direction, so that they could never find
+the place where the dance was.
+
+They were a friendly people, too, and often brought lost wanderers to
+their town-houses under the mountains, and cared for them there until
+they were rested, and guided them back to their homes. There was a
+man who lived in Nottely town who had been with the Nunnehi, when he
+was a boy about twelve years old, and this is the story he tells.
+
+One day, when he was playing near the river, shooting at a mark with
+his bow and arrows, until he became tired, and started to build a
+fish-trap in the water. While he was piling up the rocks in two long
+walls, a man came and stood on the bank and asked him what he was
+doing. The man said, "Well, that is pretty hard work, and you ought
+to come and rest awhile; come and take a walk up the river."
+
+The boy said, "No"; that he was going home to dinner soon. "Come right
+up to my house," said the stranger, "and I'll give you a good dinner
+there, and will bring you home again in the morning."
+
+So the boy went with him up the river until they came to a house, when
+they went in, and the man's wife and the other people there were very
+glad to see him, and gave him a fine dinner, and were very kind to him.
+
+While they were eating, another boy that the boy knew very well came
+in and spoke to him, so that he felt very much at home.
+
+After dinner he played with the other children, and slept there that
+night, and in the morning, after breakfast, the man got ready to take
+him home. They went down a path that had a cornfield on one side and
+a peach orchard on the other, until they came to another trail, and
+the man said, "Go along this trail across that ridge and you will
+come to the river road that will bring you straight to your home,
+and now I'll go back to the house."
+
+So the man went back to the house, and the boy went on along the trail,
+but when he had gone a little distance he looked back, and there was
+no cornfield or orchard or fence or house; nothing but trees on the
+mountainside. He thought it rather queer, but somehow he was not
+frightened, and went on until he came to the river trail in sight
+of his house. There were a great many people standing about talking,
+and when they saw him they ran toward him shouting, "Here he is! He
+is not drowned or killed in the mountains!" They told him that they
+had been hunting him ever since yesterday noon, and asked him where he
+had been. He told them the story of what had happened, and they said
+there is no house there, and it was the Nunnehi that had you with them.
+
+Once four Nunnehi women came to dance at Nottely town, and danced half
+of the night with the young men there, and nobody knew that they were
+Nunnehi, but thought them visitors from another settlement. About
+midnight they left to go home, and some men who had come out from
+the town-house to cool off watched to see which way they went. They
+saw the women go down the trail to the river ford, but just as they
+came to the water they disappeared, although it was a plain trail,
+with no place where they could hide. Then the watchers knew that they
+were Nunnehi. At another time a man was crossing over from Nottely
+to Hemptown, in Georgia, and heard a drum and the songs of dancers
+in the hills on one side of the trail. He rode to see who could be
+dancing in such a place, but when he reached the spot the drum and the
+songs were behind him, and he was so frightened that he hurried back
+to the trail and rode all the way to Hemptown as hard as he could to
+tell the story. He was a truthful man and they believed him.
+
+A long time ago a man got lost in the mountains near the head of
+Oconaluftee river, and it was very cold and his friends thought that
+he must be frozen to death, but he was taken to a cave by the Nunnehi
+and given something to eat, and when the weather was more pleasant
+they conducted him to the main trail and sent him on home to the
+neighbors in the valley below.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH THIRTY-FIVE.
+
+THE REMOVED TOWN-HOUSE.
+
+
+Long ago, before the Cherokee were driven from their homes in 1838, the
+people on Valley river and Hiwassee heard voices of invisible spirits
+calling them from the skies, and warning them of wars and misfortunes
+which the future held in store, and inviting them to come and live with
+the Nunnehi, the Immortals, in their homes under the mountains and
+under the waters. For days the voice hung in the air, and the people
+listened until they heard the voice say, "If you would live with us,
+gather every one in your town-house and fast there seven days, and no
+one must raise a shout or a warwhoop in all that time. Do this and we
+will come and you shall see us and we shall take you to live with us."
+
+The people were afraid of the evils that were to come, and they
+knew that the Immortals of the mountains and of the waters were
+happy forever, so they counciled in their town-house and decided to
+go with them. Those of Anisgayayitown came all together into their
+town-house and prayed and fasted for six days. On the seventh day
+there was a sound from the distant mountains, and it came nearer and
+grew louder until a roar of thunder was all about the town-house and
+they felt the ground shake all around them. Now they were frightened,
+and despite the warning some of them screamed out.
+
+The Nunnehi, who had already lifted up the town-house with its mound
+to carry it away, were startled by the sound and let a part of it
+fall to the ground, where we now see the mound Setsi.
+
+They steadied themselves again and bore the rest of the town-house,
+with all the people in it, to the top of Tsudayelunyi, near the head
+of Cheowa, where we can still see it, changed long ago to solid rock,
+but the people are invisible and immortal.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH THIRTY-SIX.
+
+THE SPIRIT DEFENDERS OF NIKWASI.
+
+
+Long ago a powerful unknown tribe invaded the country from the
+southeast, killing people and destroying settlements wherever they
+went. No leader could stand against them, and in a little while
+they had wasted all the lower settlements and advanced into the
+mountains. The warriors of the old town of Nikwasi, on the head of
+Little Tennessee, gathered their wives and their children into the
+town-house and kept scouts constantly on the lookout for the presence
+of danger.
+
+One morning, just before the break of day, the spies saw the enemy
+approaching and at once gave the alarm. The Nikwasi men seized
+their arms and rushed out to meet the attack, but after a long,
+hard fight they found themselves overpowered and began to retreat,
+when suddenly a stranger stood among them and shouted to the chief to
+call off his men and he himself would drive the enemy back. From the
+dress and the language of the stranger the Nikwasi people thought him
+a chief who had come with reinforcements from Overhill settlements
+in Tennessee. They fell back along the trail, and as they came near
+the town-house they saw a great company of warriors coming out from
+the side of the mound as from an open doorway.
+
+Then they knew that their friends were the Nunnehi, the Immortals,
+although no one had ever heard that they lived under Nikwasi mound. The
+Nunnehi poured out by hundreds, armed and painted for the fight,
+and the most curious part of it all was that they became invisible as
+soon as they were fairly outside of the settlement, so that although
+the enemy saw the glancing arrow or the rushing tomahawk, and felt
+the stroke, he could not see who sent it.
+
+Before such an invisible foe the invaders had to retreat, going
+first south along the ridge to where joins the main ridge, which
+separates Tah-kee-os-tee (French Broad) from the Tuckaseigee, and
+then turning with it to the northeast. As they retreated they tried
+to shield themselves behind rocks and trees, but the Nunnehi arrows
+went around them and killed them from the other side, and they could
+find no hiding place.
+
+All along the ridge they fell, until when they reached the head of
+Tuckaseigee not more than half a dozen were left alive, and in their
+despair they sat down and cried out for mercy. The Nunnehi chief told
+them that they deserved their punishment for attacking a peaceful
+tribe, and he spared their lives and told them to go home and tell
+their people. It was the custom of the Indians to spare some to carry
+the news of battle and defeat. Then the Nunnehi went back to the mound,
+and have been there ever since.
+
+They are there now, for when a strong army of Federal troops came
+to surprise a handful of Confederates in the last war, they saw so
+many soldiers guarding the town that they were afraid and went away
+without making an attack.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH THIRTY-SEVEN.
+
+KANASTA, THE LOST SETTLEMENT.
+
+
+Long ago, while the people still lived in the old town of Kanasta,
+on Tah-kee-os-tee, (French Broad) two strangers, who looked in no
+way different from the other Cherokee, came into the settlement one
+day and made their way into the chief's house.
+
+After the first greetings were over, the chief asked them from what
+town they came, thinking they were from one of the western settlements,
+but they said, "We are of your people and our town is close at hand,
+but you have never seen it. Here you have wars and sickness, with
+enemies on every side, and after awhile a stronger enemy will come and
+take your country from you. We are always happy, and we have come to
+invite you to live with us in our town over there," and they pointed
+toward Tsuwatelda (Pilot Knob). "We do not live forever, and do not
+always find game when we go for it, for game belongs to Tsulkalu,
+who lives in Tsunegunyi, but we have peace always and do not think
+of danger. We go now, but if your people will live with us, let them
+fast seven days and we will come then and take them."
+
+Then they went away toward the west. The chief called the people
+together into the town-house, and they held a council over the matter
+and decided at last to go with the strangers. They got all of their
+property ready for moving, and then went again into the town-house
+and began their fast. They fasted six days and on the morning of the
+seventh, before yet the sun was high, they saw a great company coming
+along the trail from the west, led by the two men who had stopped with
+the chief. They seemed just like Cherokee from another settlement,
+and after a friendly meeting they took up a part of the goods to be
+carried, and the two parties started back together for Tsuwatelda.
+
+There was one man visiting at Kanasta, and he went along with
+them. When they came to the mountain the two guides led the way
+into a cave, which opened out like a great door in the side of the
+rock. Inside they found an open country and a town, with houses
+ranged in two long rows from east to west. The mountain people lived
+in the houses on the south side, and they had made ready the other
+houses for the newcomers, but even after the people of Kanasta,
+with their children and their belongings, had moved in, there were
+still a large number of houses waiting ready for the next who might
+come. The mountain people told them that there was another town of a
+different people, above them in another mountain, and still farther
+above, at the very top, lived the Ani-Hyuntikwalaski (the Thunders).
+
+Now all the people of Kanasta were settled in their new homes, but the
+man who had only been visiting with them wanted to go back to his own
+friends. Some of the mountain people wanted to prevent this, but the
+chief said, "No, let him go if he will, and when he tells his friends
+they may want to come, too. There is plenty of room for all." Then he
+said to the man, "Go back and tell your friends that if they want to
+come and live with us and always be happy, there is a place here ready
+and waiting for them. Others of us live in Datsunalasgunyi and in the
+high mountains all around, and if they would rather go to any of them,
+it will be all the same. We see you wherever you go, and are with you
+in all of your dances, but you cannot see us unless you fast. If you
+want to see us, fast four days, and we will come and talk with you;
+and then if you want to live with us, fast again seven days, and we
+will come and take you." Then the chief led the man through the cave
+to the outside of the mountain and left him there, but when the man
+looked back he saw no cave, but only the solid rock. The people of
+the Lost Settlement were never seen again and they are still living
+in Tauwatelda. Strange things happen there, so that the Cherokee know
+that the mountain is haunted and do not like to go near it. Only a
+few years ago a party of hunters camped there, and as they sat around
+their fire at supper time they talked of the story and made rough
+jokes of the people of old Kanasta. That night they were aroused from
+sleep by a noise as of stones thrown at them from among the trees,
+but when they searched they could find nobody, and were so frightened
+that they gathered up their guns and pouches and left the place.
+
+
+
+
+
+MYTH THIRTY-EIGHT.
+
+HEMP-CARRIER.
+
+
+On the southern slope of the ridge, along the trail from Robbinsville
+to Valley river, in Cherokee County, North Carolina, are the remains of
+a number of stone cairns. The piles are level now, but fifty years ago
+the stones were still heaped up in pyramids, to which every Cherokee
+who passed added a stone. According to the tradition these piles
+marked the graves of a number of women and children of the tribe who
+were surprised and killed on the spot by a raiding party of Iroquois
+shortly before the final peace between the two nations. As soon
+as the news was brought to the settlement on Hiwassee and Cheowa,
+a party was made under Taletanigiski, "Hemp-Carrier," to follow and
+take vengeance on the enemy.
+
+Among others of the party was the father of the noted chief,
+Tsunulahunski, or Junaluska, who (Junaluska) died in about the year
+1855, who was also the chief and hero of the battle of Horseshoe
+Bend. For days they followed the trail of the Iroquois across the
+Great Smoky Mountains, thru forests and over rivers, until finally
+they tracked them to their very town in the far Seneca country.
+
+On the way they met another war party headed for the south, and the
+Cherokee killed them all and took their scalps.
+
+When they came near the Seneca town it was almost night, and they
+heard shouts in the town-house, where the women were dancing over the
+fresh scalps of the Cherokee. The avengers hid themselves near the
+spring, and as the dancers came down to drink, the Cherokee silently
+killed one and another until they had counted as many scalps as had
+been taken on Cheowa, and still the dancers in the town-house never
+thought that enemies were near. Then said the Cherokee leader, "We
+have covered the scalps of our women and children. Shall we go home
+now like cowards, or shall we raise the warwhoop and let the Seneca
+know that we are men?" "Let them come if they will," said the men,
+and they raised the scalp yell of the Cherokees.
+
+At once there was an answering shout from the town-house, and the
+dance came to a sudden close. The Seneca swarmed out with ready gun
+and hatchet, but the nimble Cherokee were off and away. There was a
+hot pursuit in the darkness, but the Cherokee knew the trails and were
+light and active runners, and managed to get away with the loss of only
+one man. The rest got home safely, and the people were so well pleased
+with Hemp-Carrier's bravery and success that they gave him seven wives.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+PART IV
+
+GLOSSARY OF CHEROKEE WORDS
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+GLOSSARY OF CHEROKEE WORDS.
+
+
+The Cherokee language has the continental vowel sounds a, e, i, and u,
+but lacks o, which is replaced by a deep a. The obscure or short u
+is frequently nasalized, but the nasal sound is seldom heard at the
+end of a word. The only labial is m, which occurs in probably not
+more than half a dozen words in the Upper and Middle dialects, and is
+entirely absent from the Lower dialect, in which w takes its place. The
+characteristic l of the Upper and Middle dialects becomes r in the
+Lower, but no dialect has both sounds of these letters, but g and d are
+medials, approximating the sounds of k and t respectively. A frequent
+double consonant is ts, commonly rendered ch by the old traders.
+
+
+    a    as in far.
+    a    as in what, or obscure as in showman.
+    à    as in law, all.
+    d    medial (semisonant), approximating t.
+    e    as in they.
+    e    as in net.
+    g    medial (semisonant), approximating k.
+    h    as in hat.
+    i    as in pique.
+    i    as in pick.
+    k    as in kick.
+    l    as in lull.
+    `l   surd l (sometimes written hl), nearly the Welsh ll.
+    m    as in man.
+    n    as in not.
+    r    takes place of 1 in Lower dialect.
+    s    as in sin.
+    t    as in top.
+    u    as in rule.
+    û    as in cut.
+    ûñ   û nasalized.
+    w    as in wit.
+    y    as in you.
+    '    a slight aspirate, sometimes indicating the omission
+         of a vowel.
+
+
+A number of English words, with cross references, have been introduced
+into the glossary.
+
+
+
+
+ada`lanun`sti--a staff or cane.
+
+adan`ta--soul.
+
+ada`wehi--a magician or supernatural being.
+
+ada`wehi`yu--a very great magician; intensive form of ada`wehi.
+
+a`gana--groundhog.
+
+A`gansta`ta--"groundhog-sausage," from a`gana, ground-hog, and
+tsista`u, "I am pounding it," understood to refer to pounding meat,
+etc., in a mortar, after having first crisped it before the fire. A war
+chief, noted in the Cherokee war of 1760, and prominent until about
+the close of the Revolution, known to the whites as Oconostota. Also
+the Cherokee name for Colonel Gideon Morgan of the war of 1812, for
+Washington Morgan, his son, of the Civil war, and now for a full-blood
+upon the reservation, known to the whites as Morgan Calhoun.
+
+A`gan-uni`tsi--"Ground-hog's mother," from a`gana and uni`tsi, their
+mother, plural of utsi`, his mother (etsi`, agitsi`, my mother). The
+Cherokee name of the Shawano captive, who, according to tradition,
+killed the great Uktena serpent and procured the Ulunsu`ti.
+
+Agawe`la--"Old Woman," a formulistic name for corn or the spirit corn.
+
+agayun`li--for agayunlige, old, ancient.
+
+agida`ta--see eda`ta.
+
+agidutu--see edu`tu.
+
+Agi'li--"He is rising," possibly a contraction of an old personal
+name. Agin`-agi'li, "Rising-fawn." Major George Lawrey, cousin of
+Sequoya, and assistant chief of the Cherokee Nation about 1840. Stanley
+incorrectly makes it "Keeth-la, or Dog" for gi'li`.
+
+agin`si--see eni`si.
+
+agi`si--female, applied usually to quadrupeds.
+
+Agis`-e`gwa--"Great Female," possibly "Great Doe." A being, probably
+an animal god invoked in the sacred formulas.
+
+agitsi`--see etsi`.
+
+Agitsta'ti`yi--"where they stayed up all night," from tsigitsun`tihu,
+"I stay up all night." A place in the Great Smoky range about the
+head of Noland creek, in Swain County, N. C.
+
+Aguaquiri--see Guaquili.
+
+Ahalu`na--"Ambush," Ahalunun`yi, "Ambush place," or Uni`halu`na,
+"where they ambushed," from akalu`ga, "I am watching." Soco gap, at
+the head of Soco creek, on the line between Swain and Haywood counties,
+N. C. The name is also applied to the lookout station for deer hunters.
+
+ahanu`lahi--"he is bearded," from ahanu`lahu, a beard.
+
+Ahu`lude`gi--"He throws away the drum" (habitual), from ahu`li, drum,
+and akwade`gu, "I am throwing it away" (round object). The Cherokee
+name of John Jolly, a noted chief and adopted father of Samuel Houston,
+about 1800.
+
+ahyeli`ski--a mocker or mimic.
+
+akta`--eye; plural, dikta`.
+
+akta`ti--a telescope or field glass. The name denotes something with
+which to examine or look into closely, from akta`, eye.
+
+akwandu`li--a song form for akwidu`li (-hu,) "I want it."
+
+Akwan'ki--see Anakwan`ki.
+
+Akwe'ti`yi--a location on Tuckasegee river, in Jackson county, North
+Carolina; the meaning of the name is lost.
+
+Alarka--see Yalagi.
+
+aliga`--the red-horse fish (Moxostoma).
+
+Alkini`--the last woman known to be of Natchez decent and peculiarity
+among the East Cherokee; died about 1890. The name has no apparent
+meaning.
+
+ama`--water; in the Lower dialect, awa`; cf. a`ma salt.
+
+amaye`hi--"dwelling in the water," from ama` (ama`yi, "in the water")
+and ehu`, "I dwell," "I live."
+
+Amaye'l-e`gwa--"Great island," from amaye'li, island (from ama`,
+water, and aye'li, "in the middle") and e`gwa, great. A former Cherokee
+settlement on Little Tennessee river, at Big island, a short distance
+below the mouth of Tellico, in Monroe county, Tenn. Timberlake writes
+it Mialaquo, while Bartram spells it Nilaque. Not to be confounded
+with Long-Island town below Chattanooga.
+
+Amaye'li-gunahi`ta--"Long-island," from amaye'li, island, and
+gunahi`ta, long. A former Cherokee settlement, known to the whites
+as Long-Island town, at the Long-island in Tennessee river, on
+the Tennessee-Georgia line. It was one of the Chickamauga towns
+(see Tsikama`gi).
+
+ama`yine`hi--"dwellers in the water," plural of amaye`hi.
+
+Anada`duntaski--"roasters," i. e., cannibals; from gun`tasku`. "I
+am putting it (round) into the fire to roast." The regular word for
+cannibals is Yun`wini`giski, q. v.
+
+anagahun`unsku`--the green-corn dance; literally, "they are having
+a green-corn dance"; the popular name is not a translation of the
+Cherokee word, which has no reference either to corn or dancing.
+
+Anakwan'ki--the Delaware Indians; singular Akwan'ki, a Cherokee
+attempt at Wapanaqki, "Easterners," the Algonquian name by which,
+in various corrupted forms, the Delawares are commonly known to the
+western tribes.
+
+Anantooeah--see Ani`Nun`dawe`gi.
+
+a'ne`tsa, or anetsa`gi--the ball-play.
+
+a'netsa`unski--a ball-player; literally, "a lover of the ball-play."
+
+ani`--a tribal and animate prefix.
+
+ani`da`wehi--plural of ada`wehi.
+
+a`niganti`ski--see dagan'tu.
+
+Ani`Gatage`wi--one of the seven Cherokee clans. The name has now
+no meaning, but has been absurdly rendered "Blind savana," from an
+incorrect idea that it is derived from Iga`ti, a swamp or savanna,
+and dige`wi, blind.
+
+Ani-Gila`hi--"Long-haired people," one of the seven Cherokee clans;
+singular, Agila`hi. The word comes from agila`hi (perhaps connected
+with afi'lge-ni, "the back of (his) neck"), an archaic term denoting
+wearing the hair long or flowing loosely, and usually recognized as
+applying more particularly to a woman.
+
+Ani`-Gili`--a problematic tribe, possibly the Congaree. The name is
+not connected with gi`li`, dog.
+
+Ani`-Gusa--see Ani`Ku`sa.
+
+a`nigwa--soon after; dine`tlana a`nigwa, "soon after the creation."
+
+Ani`-Hyun`tikwala`ski--"The Thunders," i. e., thunder, which
+in Cherokee belief, is controlled and caused by a family of
+supernaturals. The word has reference to making a rolling sound;
+cf. tikwale`lu, a wheel, hence a wagon; ama`-tikwalelunyi, "rolling
+water place," applied to a cascade where the water falls along
+the surface of the rock; ahyun`tikwala`stihu`, "it is thundering,"
+applied to the roar of a railroad train or waterfall.
+
+Ani`-Kawi`--"Deer people," one of the seven Cherokee clans; the
+regular form for deer is a'wi`.
+
+Ani`-Kawi`ta--the Lower Creeks, from Kawi`ta or Coweta, their former
+principal town on Chattahoochee river near the present Columbus,
+Ga.; the Upper Creeks on the head streams of Alabama river were
+distinguished as Ani`-Ku`sa (q. v.) A small creek of Little Tennessee
+river above Franklin, in Macon county, N. C., is now known as Coweeta
+creek.
+
+Ani`-Kitu`hwagi--"Kitu`hwa people," from Kitu`hwa (q. v.), an ancient
+Cherokee settlement.
+
+Ani`-Ku`sa or Ani`-Gu`sa--the Creek Indians, particularly the Upper
+Creeks on the waters of Alabama river; singular A`Ku`sa or Coosa
+(Spanish, Coca, Cossa) their principal ancient town.
+
+Ani`-Kuta`ni (also Ani`-Kwata`ni, or incorrectly,
+Nicotani)--traditional Cherokee priestly society or clan exterminated
+in a popular uprising.
+
+anina`hilidahi--"creatures that fly about," from tsinai`li, "I am
+flying," tsina`ilida`hu, "I am flying about." The generic term for
+birds and flying insects.
+
+Ani`-Na'tsi--abbreviated Anintsi, singular A-Na'tsi. The Natchez
+Indians. From coincidence with na`tsi, pine, the name has been
+incorrectly rendered "Pine Indians," whereas it is really a Cherokee
+plural name of the Natchez.
+
+Anin`tsi--see Ani`Na'tsi.
+
+Ani`Nundawe`gi--singular, Nun`dawe`gi; the Iroquois, more particularly
+the Seneca, from Nundawao, the name by which the Seneca call
+themselves. Adair spells it Anantooeah. The tribe was also known
+as Ani`-Se`nika.
+
+Ani`-Saha`ni--one of the seven Cherokee clans; possibly an archaic
+form for "Blue people," from sa'ka`ni, sa`ka`nige`i, blue.
+
+Ani`-Sa`ni, Ani`-Sawaha`ni--see Ani`-Sawanu`gi.
+
+Ani`-Sawanu`gi (singular Sawanu`gi)--the Shawano Indians. Ani`-sa`ni
+and Ani`-Sawaha`ni may be the same.
+
+Ani`-Se`nika--see Ani`Nundawe`gi.
+
+Anisga`ya Tsunsdi` (ga)--"The Little Men"; the Thunder Boys in
+Cherokee mythology.
+
+Ani`-sgayaiyi--"Men town" (?), a traditional Cherokee settlement on
+Valley river, in Cherokee county, North Carolina.
+
+Ani`sgi`na--plural of asgi`na, q. v.
+
+Ani`-Skala`li--the Tuscarora Indian; singular, Skala`li or A-Skala`li.
+
+Ani`skwa`ni--Spaniards; singular, Askwa`ni.
+
+Ani`-Suwa`li--or Ani`-Swqa`la--the Suala, Sara or Cheraw Indians,
+formerly about the headwaters of Broad river, North Carolina, the
+Xuala province of the De Soto chronicle, and Joara or Juada of the
+later Pardo narrative.
+
+Ani`ta`gwa--the Catawba Indians; singular, Ata`gwa or Tagwa.
+
+Ani`-Tsa`guhi--the Cherokee clan, transformed to bears according to
+tradition. Swimmer's daughter bears the name Tsaguhi, which is not
+recognized as distinctively belonging to either sex.
+
+Ani`-Tsa`lagi`--the Cherokee.
+
+Ani`-Tsa'ta--the Choctaw Indians; singular, Tsa'ta.
+
+Ani`-Tsi`ksu--the Chickasaw Indians; singular, Tsi`ksu.
+
+Ani`-Tsi`skwa--"Bird people"; one of the seven Cherokee clans.
+
+Ani`-Tsu`tsa--"The Boys," from atsu`tsa, boy; the Pleiades.
+
+Ani`-Wa`di--"Paint people"; one of the seven Cherokee clans.
+
+Ani`-Wa'dihi`--"Place of the Paint people or clan"; Paint town, a
+Cherokee settlement on lower Soco creek, within the reservation in
+Jackson and Swain counties, North Carolina. It takes its name from
+the Ani`-Wa`di or Paint clan.
+
+ani`wani`ski--the bugle weed, Lycopus virginicus; literally, "the
+talk" or "talkers," from tsiwa`nihu, "I am talking," awaniski,
+"he talks habitually."
+
+Ani`-Wasa`si--the Osage Indians; singular, Wasa`si.
+
+Ani`-Wa`ya--"Wolf people"; the most important of the seven clans of
+the Cherokee.
+
+Ani`-Yun`wiya`--Indians, particularly Cherokee Indians; literally
+"principal or real people," from yunwi, person, ya, a suffix implying
+principal or real, and ani`, the tribal prefix.
+
+Ani`-Yu`tsi--the Yuchi or Uchee Indians; singular, Yu`tsi.
+
+Annie Ax--see Sadayi`.
+
+Aquone--a post-office on Nantahala river, in Mason county, North
+Carolina, site of the former Fort Scott. Probably a corruption of
+egwani, river.
+
+Arch, John--see Atsi.
+
+Asa`gwalihu`--a pack or burden; asa`gwal lu`, or asa`gwi li`, "there
+is a pack on him."
+
+asehi`--surely.
+
+Ase`nika--singular of Ani`-Se`nika.
+
+asga`ya--man.
+
+asga`ya Gi`gagei--the "Red Man"; the Lightning spirit.
+
+asgi`na--a ghost, either human or animal; from the fact that ghosts
+are commonly supposed to be malevolent, the name is frequently rendered
+"devil."
+
+Asheville--see Kasdu`yi and Unta`kiyasti`yi.
+
+asi--the sweat lodge and occasional winter sleeping apartment of the
+Cherokee and other southern tribes. It was a low built structure of
+logs covered with earth and from its closeness and the fire usually
+kept smoldering within was known to the old traders as the "hot house."
+
+asiyu` (abbreviated siyu`)--good; the common Cherokee salute; ga`siyu`,
+"I am good"; hasiyu`, "thou art good"; a`siyu, "he (it) is good"; astu,
+"very good."
+
+Askwa`ni--a Spaniard. See Ani`skwa`ni.
+
+astu`--very good; astu tsiki`, very good, best of all.
+
+Astu`gata`ga--A Cherokee lieutenant in the Confederate service killed
+in 1862. The name may be rendered, "Standing in the doorway," but
+implies that the man himself is the door or shutter; it has no first
+person; gata`ga, "he is standing"; stuti, a door or shutter; stuhu,
+a closed door or passage; stugi`sti, a key, i. e., something with
+which to open the door.
+
+asun`tli, asuntlun`yu--a footlog or bridge; literally, "log lying
+across," from asi`ta, log.
+
+ata`--wood; ata`ya, "principal wood," i. e., oak; cf. Muscogee iti,
+wood.
+
+Ata`-gul kalu`--a noted Cherokee chief, recognized by the British
+government as the head chief or "emperor" of the Nation, about 1760 and
+later, and commonly known to the whites as the Little Carpenter (Little
+Cornplanter, by mistake, in Haywood). The name is frequently spelled
+Atta-kulla-kulla, Ata-kullakulla or Ata-culculla. It may be rendered
+"Leaning wood," from ata`, "Wood" and gul kalu, a verb implying that
+something long is leaning, without sufficient support, against some
+other object; it has no first person form. Bartram describes him as
+"A man of remarkably small stature, slender and of a delicate frame,
+the only instance I saw in the Nation; but he is a man of superior
+abilities."
+
+Ata`gwa--a Catawba Indian.
+
+Atahi`ta--abbreviated from Atahitun`yi, "Place where they shouted,"
+from gata`hiu`, "I shout," and yi, locative. Waya gap, on the ridge
+west of Franklin, Macon county, North Carolina. The map name is
+probably from the Cherokee wa ya, wolf.
+
+Ata-Kullakulla--see Ata`-gul kalu`.
+
+a`tali--mountain; in the Lower dialect a`tari, whence the "Ottare" or
+Upper Cherokee of Adair. The form a`tali is used only in composition;
+and mountain in situ is atalunyi or gatu`si.
+
+a`tali-guli`--"it climbs the mountain," i. e., "mountain-climber"; the
+ginseng plant, Ginseng quinquefolium; from a`tali, mountain, and guli`,
+"it climbs" (habitually); tsilahi` or tsili`, "I am climbing." Also
+called in the sacred formulas, Yun`wi Usdi`, "Little man."
+
+Atala`nuwa`--"Tla`nuwa hole"; the Cherokee name of Chattanooga,
+Tennessee (see tsatanu`gi); originally applied to a bluff on the south
+side of the Tennessee river, at the foot of the present Market street.
+
+a`talulu`--unfinished, premature, unsuccessful; whence utalu`li,
+"it is not yet time."
+
+Ata`lunti`ski--a chief of the Arkansas Cherokee about 1818, who
+had originally emigrated from Tennessee. The name, commonly spelled
+Tollunteeskee, Taluntiski, Tallotiskee, Tallotuskee, etc., denotes
+one who throws some living object from a place, as an enemy from
+a precipice.
+
+A`tari--see a`tali.
+
+atasi` (or atasa`, in a dialectic form)--a war-club.
+
+atatsun`ski--stinging; literally, "he stings" (habitually).
+
+A`tsi--the Cherokee name of John Arch, one of the earliest native
+writers in the Sequoya characters. The word is simply an attempt at
+the English name Arch.
+
+atsi`la--fire; in the Lower dialect, atsi`ra.
+
+Atsi`la-wa`i--"Fire--"; a mountain sometimes known as Rattlesnake knob,
+about two miles northeast of Cherokee, Swain county, N. C.
+
+Atsil`-dihye`gi--"Fire-Carrier"; apparently the Cherokee name for the
+will-of-the-wisp. As is usually the case in the Cherokee compounds,
+the verbal form is plural ("it carries fire"); the singular form
+is ahye`gi.
+
+Atsil`-sunti (abbreviated tsil`-sunti)--fleabane (Erigeron canadense);
+the name signifies "material with which to make fire," from atsi`la,
+fire, and gasunti, gatsunti or gatlunti, material with which to make
+something, from fasun`sku (or gatlun`sku), "I make it." The plant is
+also called ihya`ga.
+
+atsil`-tluntu`tsi--"fire-panther." A meteor or comet.
+
+A`tsina`--cedar.
+
+A`tsina`-k ta`um--"Hanging cedar place"; from a`tsina`, cedar, and
+k ta`un, "where it (long) hangs down"; a Cherokee name for the old
+Taskigi town on the Little Tennessee river in Monroe county, Tenn.
+
+Atsi`ra--see atsi`la.
+
+Atsun`sta ti`yi (abbreviated Atsun`sta ti)--"Fire-light place,"
+referring to the "fire-hunting" method of killing deer in the river
+at night. The proper form for Chestatee river, near Dahlonega, in
+Lumpkin county, Ga.
+
+Attakullakulla--see Ata-gul kalu`.
+
+awa`--see ama`.
+
+awa`hili--eagle; particularly Aquila Chrysaetus, distinguished as the
+"pretty-feathered eagle."
+
+awi`--deer; also sometimes written and pronounced ahawi`; the name
+is sometimes applied to the large horned beetle, the flying stag of
+early writers.
+
+awi`-ahanu`lahi--goat; literally "bearded deer."
+
+awi`-ahyeli`ski--"deer mocker"; the deer bleat, a sort of whistle
+used by hunters to call the doe by imitating the cry of the fawn.
+
+awi`-akta`--"deer eye"; the Rudbeckia or black-eyed Susan.
+
+awi`-e`gwa (abbreviated aw-e`gwa)--the elk, literally "great deer."
+
+awi`-unade`na--sheep; literally "woolly deer."
+
+Awi`Usdi`--"Little Deer," the mythic chief of the Deer tribe.
+
+Ax, Annie--see Sadayi`.
+
+Ax, John--see Itagu`nahi.
+
+awe li--half, middle, in the middle.
+
+Ayphwa`si--the proper form of the name commonly written Hiwassee. It
+signifies a savanna or meadow and was applied to two (or more) former
+Cherokee settlements. The more important, commonly distinguished as
+Ayuhwa`si Egwa`hi or Great Hiwassee, was on the north bank of Hiwassee
+river at the present Savannah ford above Columbus, in Polk county,
+Tenn. The other was farther up the same river, at the junction of
+Peachtree creek, above Murphy, in Cherokee county, N. C. Lanman writes
+it Owassa.
+
+Ayrate--see e`ladi`.
+
+Ays`sta--"The Spoiler," from tsiya`stihu, "I spoil it"; cf. uya`i,
+bad. A prominent woman and informant on the East Cherokee reservation.
+
+Ayun`ini--"Swimmer"; literally, "he is swimming," from gayunini`, "I
+am swimming." A principal priest and informant of the East Cherokee,
+died in 1899.
+
+Ayulsu`--see Dayulsun`yi.
+
+
+
+Beaverdam--see Uy'gila`gi.
+
+Big-Cove--see Ka`lanun`yi.
+
+Big-Island--see Amaye'l-e`gwa.
+
+Big-Witch--see Tskil-e`gwa.
+
+Bird-Town--see Tsiskwa`hi.
+
+Bloody-Fellow--see Iskagua.
+
+Blythe--see Diskwani.
+
+Black-fox--see Ina`li.
+
+Boudinot, Elias--see Galagi`na.
+
+Bowl, The; Bowles, Colonel--see Diwali.
+
+Brass--see Untsaiyi`.
+
+Brasstown--see Itse`yi.
+
+Breadth, The--see Unli`ta.
+
+Briertown--see Kanu`gula`yi.
+
+Buffalo (creek)--see Yunsa`i.
+
+Bull-Head--see Sukwale`na.
+
+Butler, John--see Tsan`-uga`sita.
+
+
+
+Cade's Cove--see Tsiya`hi.
+
+Canacaught--"Canacaught, the great Conjurer," mentioned as a Lower
+Cherokee chief in 1684; possibly kanegwa`ti, the water-moccasin snake.
+
+Canaly--see hi`gina`lii.
+
+Canasagua--see Gansa`gi.
+
+Cannastion, Cannostee--see Kana`sta.
+
+Canuga--see Kanu`ga.
+
+Cartoogaja--see Gatu`gitse`yi.
+
+Cataluchee--see Gadalu`tsi.
+
+Cauchi--a place, apparently in the Cherokee county, visited by Pardo
+in 1567.
+
+Caunasaita--given as the name of a Lower Chief in 1684; possibly for
+Kanunsi`ta, "dogwood."
+
+Chalaque--see Tsa`lagi.
+
+Chattanooga--see Tsatanu`gi.
+
+Chattooga, Chatuga--see Tsatu`gi.
+
+Cheeowhee--see Tsiya`hi.
+
+Cheerake--see Tsa`lagi.
+
+Cheraw--see Ani`-Suwa`li.
+
+Cheowa--see Tsiya`hi.
+
+Cheowa Maximum--see Schwate`yi.
+
+Cheraqui--see Tsa`lagi.
+
+Cherokee--see Tsa`lagi.
+
+Chestatee--see Atsun`sta ti`yi.
+
+Chestua--see Tsistu`yi.
+
+Cheucunsene--see Tsi`kama`gi.
+
+Chilhowee--see Tsu lun`we.
+
+Chimney Tops--see Duni`skwa lgun`i.
+
+Chisca--mentioned in the De Soto narratives as a mining region in
+the Cherokee country. The name may have a connection with Tsi`skwa,
+"bird," possibly Tsiskwa`hi, "Bird place."
+
+Choastea--see Tsistu`yi.
+
+Chopped Oak--see Digalu`yatun`yi.
+
+Choquata--see Itsa`ti.
+
+Citico--see Si`tiku`.
+
+Clear-sky--see Iskagua.
+
+Clennuse--see Tlanusi`yi.
+
+Cleveland--see Tsistetsi`yi.
+
+Coca--see Ani`-Ku`sa.
+
+Coco--see Kuku`.
+
+Cohutta--see Gahu`ti.
+
+Colanneh, Colona--see Ka`lanu.
+
+Conasauga--see Gansa`gi.
+
+Conneross--see Kawan`-ura`sunyi.
+
+Coosawatee--see Ku`saweti`yi.
+
+Cooweescoowee--see Gu`wisguwi`.
+
+Coosa--see Ani`-Ku`sa, Kusa.
+
+Corani--see Ka`lanu.
+
+Cowee`--see Kawi`yi.
+
+Coweeta, Coweta--see Ani`-Kawi`ta.
+
+Coyatee (variously spelled Cawatie, Coiatee, Coytee, Coytoy,
+Kai-a-tee)--a former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river,
+some ten miles below the junction of Tellico, about the present Coytee
+post-office in Loudon county, Tennessee.
+
+Creek-path--see Ku`sa-nunna`hi.
+
+Crow-town--see Kagun`yi.
+
+Cuhtahlatah--a Cherokee woman noted in the Wahnenauhi manuscript as
+having distinguished herself by bravery in battle. The proper form
+may have some connection with gatun`lati, "wild hemp."
+
+Cullasagee--see Kulse`tsi`yi.
+
+Cullowhee, Currahee--see Gulahi`yi.
+
+Cuttawa--see Kitu`hwa.
+
+
+
+Dagan tu--"he makes it rain"; from aga`ska, "it is raining," aga`na,
+"it has begun to rain"; a small variety of lizard whose cry is said
+to presage rain. It is also called a`niganti`ski, "they make it rain"
+(plural form), or rain-maker.
+
+dagul ku--the American white-fronted goose. The name may be an
+onomatope.
+
+dagu`na--the fresh-water mussel; also a variety of face pimples.
+
+Dagun`hi--"Mussel place," from dagu`na, mussel, and hi, locative. The
+Mussel shoals on Tennessee river, in northwestern Alabama. It was
+sometimes called also simply Tsu stanalun`yi, "Shoal's place."
+
+Dagu`nawa`lahi--"Mussel-liver place," from dagu`na, mussel, uwe`la,
+liver, and hi, locative; the Cherokee name for the site of Nashville,
+Tenn. No reason can now be given for the name.
+
+Dahlonega--A town in Lumpkin county, Ga., near which the first
+gold was mined. A mint was established there in 1838. The name is
+from the Cherokee dala`nige`i, yellow, whence ate`la-dala`-nige`i,
+"yellow money," i. e., gold.
+
+daksawa`ihu--"he is shedding tears."
+
+dakwa`--a mythic great fish; also the whale.
+
+Dakwa`i--"dakwa place," from a tradition of a dakwa` in the river
+at that point. A former Cherokee settlement, known to the traders
+as Toqua or Toco, on Little Tennessee river, about the mouth of Toco
+creek in Monroe county, Tenn. A similar name and tradition attaches
+to a spot on the French Broad river, about six miles above the Warm
+springs, in Buncombe county, N. C.
+
+dakwa`nitlastesti--"I shall have them on my legs for garters"; from
+anitla`sti (plural dinitla`sti), garter; d-, initial plural; akwa,
+first person particle; and esti, future suffix.
+
+da`liksta`--"vomiter," from dagik`stihu`, "I am vomiting," daliksta`,
+"he vomits" (habitually); the form is plural. The spreading adder
+(Heterodon), also sometimes called kwandaya`hu, a word of uncertain
+etymology.
+
+Da` nagasta--for Da` nawa-gasta`ya, "Sharp-war," i. e.,
+"Eager-warrior;" a Cherokee woman's name.
+
+Da` nawa-(a)sa tsun`yi, "War-ford," from da` nawa, war, and asa
+tsun`yi, "a crossing-place or ford." A ford on Cheowa river about
+three miles below Robbinsville, in Graham county, N. C.
+
+Danda`ganu`--"Two looking at each other," from detsi`ganu`,
+"I am looking at him." A former Cherokee settlement, commonly
+known as Lookout Mountain town, on Lookout Mountain creek, near the
+present Trenton, Dade county, Ga. One of the Chickamauga towns (see
+Tsi`kama`gi), so-called on account of the appearance of the mountains
+facing each other across the Tennessee river at Chattanooga.
+
+Da`si giya`gi--an old masculine personal name, of doubtful etymology,
+but commonly rendered by the traders "Shoe-boots," possibly referring
+to some peculiar style of moccasin or leggin. A chief known to the
+whites as Shoe-boots is mentioned in the Revolutionary records. Chief
+Lloyd Welch, of the eastern band, was known in the tribe as Da`si
+giya`gi, and the same name is now used by the East Cherokee as the
+equivalent of the name Lloyd.
+
+Da`skwitun`yi--"Rafter's Place," from daskwitun`i, rafters, and yi,
+locative. A former settlement on Tusquittee creek, near Hayesville,
+in Clay county, North Carolina.
+
+dasun`tali--ant; dasun`tali, "stinging ant," the large red cowant
+(Myrmica?), also called sometimes, on account of its hard body-case,
+nun`yunu`wi, "stone-clad," after the fabulous monster.
+
+Datle`yasta`i--"where they fell down," a point on Tuckasegee river,
+a short distance above Webster, in Jackson county, North Carolina.
+
+datsi--a traditional water-monster.
+
+Datsi`yi--"Datsi place"; a place on Little Tennessee river, near
+junction of Eagle creek, in Swain county, North Carolina.
+
+Datsu`nalagun`yi--"where there are tracks or footprints,"
+from uta`sinun`yi or ulasgun`yi, footprint. Track Rock gap, near
+Blairsville, Georgia. Also sometimes called De`gayelun`ha, "place of
+branded marks."
+
+da`yi--beaver.
+
+Dayulsun`yi--"place where they cried," a spot on the ridge at the
+head of Tuckasegee river, in Jackson county, North Carolina; so-called
+from an old tradition.
+
+da`yuni`si--"beaver's grandchild," from dayi, beaver, and uni`si,
+son's child of either sex. The water beetle or mellow bug.
+
+Degal gun`yi--a cairn, literally "where they are piled up"; a series
+of cairns on the south side of Cheowa river, in Graham county, N. C.
+
+De`gata`ga--The Cherokee name of General Stamd Watie and of a
+prominent early western chief known to the whites as Takatoka. The
+word is derived from tsita`ga, "I am standing," da nita`ga "they are
+standing together," and conveys the subtle meaning of two persons
+standing together and so closely united in sympathy as to form but
+one human body.
+
+De`gayelun`ha--see Datsu`nalagun`yi.
+
+detsanun`li--an enclosure or piece of level ground cleared for
+ceremonial purposes; applied more particularly to the green-corn dance
+ground. The word has a plural form, but cannot be certainly analyzed.
+
+De`tsata--a Cherokee sprite.
+
+detsinu`lahungu`--"I tried, but failed."
+
+Didalaski`yi--"Showering place." In the story (number 17) the name
+is understood to mean "the place where it rains fire." It signifies
+literally, however, the place where it showers, or comes down, and
+lodges upon something animate and has no definite reference to fire
+(atsi`la) or rain (afaska, "it is raining"); degalasku`, "they are
+showering down and lodging upon him."
+
+Dida`skasti`yi--"where they were afraid of each other," a spot on
+Little Tennessee river, near the mouth of Alarka creek, in Swain
+county, N. C.
+
+diga`gwani`--the mud-hen or didapper. The name is plural form and
+implies "lame," or "crippled in the legs" (cf. detsi`nigwa`na, "I
+am kneeling"), probably from the bouncing motion of the bird when in
+the water. It is also the name of a dance.
+
+Diga`kati`yi--see Gakati`yi.
+
+di`galungun`yi--"where it rises, or comes up"; the east. The sacred
+term is Nunda`yi, q. v.
+
+digalun`latiyun--a height, one of a series, from galun`lati, "above."
+
+Digalu`yatun`yi--"where it is gashed (with hatchets)"; from tsilu`yu,
+"I am cutting (with a chopping stroke)," di, plural prefix, and yi,
+locative. The Chopped Oak, formerly east of Clarkesville, Ga.
+
+Digane`ski--"he picks them up" (habitually), from tsine`u, "I am
+picking it up." A Cherokee Union soldier in the Civil War.
+
+digi`gage`i--the plural of gi`gage`i, red.
+
+digu`lanahi`ta--for digu`li-anahi`ta, "having long ears," "long-eared";
+from gule, "ear" and gunahi`ta, "long."
+
+Dihyun`dula`--"sheaths," or "scabbards"; singular ahyun`dula`,
+"a gun-sheath," or other scabbard. The probable correct form of a
+name which appears in Revolutionary documents as "Untoola, or Gum Rod."
+
+Dikta`--plural of Akta`, eye.
+
+dila`--skunk.
+
+dilsta`yati--"scissors"; the water-spider (Dolomedes).
+
+dinda`skwate`ski--the violet; the name signifies, "they pull each
+others' heads off."
+
+dine`tlana--the creation.
+
+di nuski--"the breeder"; a variety of smilax brier.
+
+Disga`gisti`yi--"where they gnaw"; a place on Cheowa river, in Graham
+county, N. C.
+
+diskwa ni--"chestnut bread," i. e., a variety of bread having chestnuts
+mixed with it. The Cherokee name of James Blythe, interpreter and
+agency clerk.
+
+Distai`yi--"they are strong," plural of astai`yi, "strong or
+tough." The Tephrosia or devil's shoestring.
+
+dista`sti--a mill (generic).
+
+dita`stayeski--"a barber," literally "one who cuts things (as with
+scissors), from tsista`yu, "I cut." The cricket (tala`tu) is sometimes
+so-called.
+
+Diwa`li--"Bowl," a prominent chief of the western Cherokee, known to
+the whites as The Bowl, or Colonel Bowles, killed by the Texans in
+1839. The chief mentioned may have been another of the same name.
+
+diya`hali (or duya`hali)--the alligator lizard (Sceloporue undulatus).
+
+Diya`hali`yi--"Lizard's place," from diya`hali, lizard, and yi,
+locative. Joanna Bald, a mountain at the head of Valley river on the
+line between Cherokee and Graham counties, North Carolina.
+
+Double-Head--see Tal-tsu`ska`.
+
+Dragging-Canoe--see Tsi`yu-gunsi`ni.
+
+Dudun`leksun`yi--"where its legs were broken off"; a place on
+Tuckasegee river, a few miles above Webster, in Jackson county, N. C.
+
+Dugilu`yi (abbreviated Dugilu`, and commonly written Tugaloo, or
+sometimes Toogelah or Toogoola)--a name occurring in several places
+in the old Cherokee country, the best known being Tugaloo river,
+so-called from a former Cherokee settlement of that name situated
+at the junction of Toccoa creek with the main stream, in Habersham
+county, Ga. The word is of uncertain etymology; but seems to refer
+to a place at the forks of a stream.
+
+Dukas`i, Dukwas`i--The correct form of the name commonly written
+Toxaway, applied to a former Cherokee settlement in S. C., and the
+creek upon which it stood, and extreme headstream of Keowee river
+having its source in Jackson county, N. C. The meaning of the name
+is lost, although it has been wrongly interpreted to mean "place of
+shedding tears."
+
+Dulastun`yi--"Potsherd place." A former Cherokee settlement on Nottely
+river in Cherokee county, North Carolina.
+
+dule`tsi--"kernels," a goitrous swelling upon the throat.
+
+dulu`si--a variety of frog found upon the headwaters of Savannah river.
+
+Duniya ta lun`yi--"where there are shelves, or flat places," from aya
+te`ni, flat, whence da`ya tana lun`i, a shelf, and yi, locative. A
+gap on the Great Smoky range, near Clingman's dome, Swain county, N. C.
+
+Dunidu`lalun`yi--"where they made arrows"; a place on Straight creek,
+a headstream of Oconaluftee river, in Swain county, N. C.
+
+Duni`skwa lgun`i--the double peak known as the Chimney Tops, in Great
+Smoky Mountains about the head of Deep creek, in Swain county, N. C. On
+the north side is the pass known as Indian gap. The name signifies a
+"forked antler," from uskwa lgu, antler, but indicates that the antler
+is attached in place, as though the deer itself were concealed below.
+
+Du`stayalun`yi--"where it made a noise as of thunder or shooting,"
+apparently referring to a lightning strike (detsistaya`hihu, "I make
+a shooting or thundering noise," might be a first person form used
+by the personified Thundergod); a spot on Hiwassee river, about the
+junction of Shooting creek, near Hayesville, in Clay county, N. C. A
+former settlement along the creek bore the same name.
+
+du`stu`--a species of frog, appearing very early in spring; the name
+is intended for an onomatope. It is the correct form of the name of
+the chief noted by McKenney and Hall as "Tooantuh or Spring Frog."
+
+Dutch--see Tatsi`.
+
+duwe ga--a spring lizard.
+
+
+
+Eagle Dance--see Tsugidu`li ulsgi`sti.
+
+Eastinaulee--see U`stana`li.
+
+Echota, New--see Gansa`gi.
+
+edata--my father (Upper dialect); the Middle and Lower dialect form
+is agida`ta.
+
+Edi`hi--"He goes about" (habitually); a masculine name.
+
+edutu--my maternal grandfather (Upper dialect); the Middle and Lower
+dialect form is agidu tu; cf. enisi.
+
+egwa--great; cf. utanu.
+
+egwani--river.
+
+Egwanulti--"By the river," from egwa ni, river, and nulati or nulti,
+near, beside. The proper form of Oconaluftee, the name of the river
+flowing thru the East Cherokee reservation in Swain and Jackson
+Counties, N. C. The town, Oconaluftee, mentioned by Bartram as
+existing about 1775, was probably on the lower course of the river
+at the present Birdtown, on the reservation, where was formerly a
+considerable mound.
+
+ela--earth, ground.
+
+eladi--low, below; in the Lower dialect eradi, whence the Ayrata or
+Lower Cherokee of Adair, as distinguished from the Ottara (atari,
+atali) or Upper Cherokee.
+
+elanti--a song form for eladi, q. v.
+
+Elatse`yi, (abbreviated Elatse)--"Green (verdant) earth," from ela,
+earth, and itse yi, green, from fresh-springing vegetation. The
+name of several former Cherokee settlements, commonly known to the
+whites as Ellijay, Elejoy or Allagae. One of these was upon the
+headwaters of Keowee river in S. C.; another was on Ellijay creek
+of Little Tennessee river, near the present Franklin, in Macon Co.,
+N. C.; another was about the present Ellijay in Gilmer Co., Ga.;
+and still another was on Ellijay creek of Little river, near the
+present Maryville, in Blount Co., Tenn.
+
+Elawa diyi (abbreviated Elawa di)--"Red-earth place," from ela, earth,
+wadi, brown-red or red paint, and yi, the locative. 1. The Cherokee
+name of Yellow-Hill settlement, now officially known as Cherokee,
+the post office and agency headquarters for the East Cherokee, on
+Oconaluftee river, in Swain Co., N. C. 2. A former council ground
+known in history as Red Clay; at the site of the present village of
+that name in Whitfield Co., Ga., adjoining the Tennessee line.
+
+Ellijay--see Elatse`yi.
+
+eni si--my paternal grandfather (Upper dialect); the Middle and Lower
+dialect form is agani si, cf. edutu.
+
+Eskaqua--see Iskagua.
+
+Estanaula, Estinaula--see U`stana`li.
+
+Etawa ha tsistatla`ski--"Deadwood-lighter," a traditional Cherokee
+conjurer.
+
+eti--old, long ago.
+
+Etowah--see I`tawa`.
+
+Etsaiyi--see Untsaiyi.
+
+etsi--my mother (Upper dialect); the Middle and Lower dialect form
+is agitsi.
+
+Euharlee--see Yuha`li.
+
+
+
+Feather dance--see Tsugidu`li ulsgi`sti.
+
+Fightingtown--see Walas`-unulsti yi.
+
+Flax-toter--see Tale`danigi`ski.
+
+Flying-squirrel--see Ka`lahu`.
+
+Frogtown--see Walasi`yi.
+
+
+
+Gadalu`la--the proper name of the mountain known to the whites as
+Yonah (from yanu, bear); or upper Chattahoochee river, in White Co.,
+Ga. The name has no connection with Tallulah (see Talulu) and cannot
+be translated.
+
+Gadalu`tsi--in the corrupted form of Cataluchee this appears on the
+map as the name of a peak, or rather a ridge, on the line between
+Swain and Haywood counties, N. C., and of a creek running down on
+the Haywood side into Big Pigeon river. It is properly the name of
+the ridge only, and seems to refer to a "fringe standing erect,"
+apparently from the appearance of the timber growing in streaks
+along the side of the mountain; from wadalu`yata, fringe, gadu`ta,
+"standing up in a row or series."
+
+gahawi`siti--parched corn.
+
+Gahuti (Gahu`ta and Gwahu`ti in dialect forms)--Cohutta mountains in
+Murray Co., Ga. The name comes from gahuta`yi, "ashed roof supported
+on poles", and refers to a fancied resemblance in the summit.
+
+Gakati`yi--"place of setting fire"; something spoken in the plural
+form, Diga`kati`yi, "place of the setting free." A point on Tuckasegee
+river, about three miles above Bryson City, in Swain Co., N. C.
+
+gaktun`ta--an injunction, command or rule, more particularly a
+prohibition or ceremonial tabu. Tsiga`te`gu. "I am observing an
+injunction or tabu"; adakte`gi, "he is under tabu regulations."
+
+Galagi`na--a male deer (buck) or turkey (gobbler); in the first sense
+the name is sometimes used also for the large horned beetle (Dynastes
+tityus). The Indian name of Elias Boudinot, first Cherokee editor.
+
+gali`sgisida`hu--"I am dancing about"; from gali`sgia, "I am dancing,"
+and edahu, "I am going about."
+
+galunkw`ti`yo--honored; sacred; used in the bible to mean holy,
+hallowed.
+
+galun`lati--above, on high.
+
+gane`ga--skin.
+
+ganidawa`ski--"the champion catchfly" or "rattlesnake's master"
+(Silene stellata); the name signifies "it disjoints itself," from
+ganidawsku`, "it is unjointing itself," on account of the peculiar
+manner in which the dried stalk breaks off at the joints.
+
+Gansagi (or Gansagiyi)--the name of several former settlements in
+the old Cherokee country; it cannot be analyzed. One of this name was
+upon Tuckasegee river, a short distance above the present Webster, in
+Jackson Co., N. C.; another was on the lower part of Canasauga creek,
+in McMinn Co., Tenn.; a third was at the junction of Conasauga and
+Coosawatee rivers, where afterwards was located the Cherokee capital,
+New Echota, in Gordon Co., Ga.; a fourth, mentioned in the De Soto
+narratives as Canasoga or Canasagua, was located in 1540 on the
+upper Chattahoochee river, possibly in the neighborhood of Kennesaw
+mountain, Ga.
+
+Gansa`ti`yi--"robbing place," from tsina`sahunsku, "I am robbing
+him." Vengeance creek of Valley river in Cherokee Co., N. C. The name
+vengeance was originally a white man's nickname for an old Cherokee
+woman, of forbidding aspect, who lived there before the Removal.
+
+Ganse`ti--a rattle; as the Cherokee dance rattle is made from the
+gourd, the masculine name, Ganse`ti, is usually rendered by the whites,
+"rattling-gourd."
+
+gatausti--the wheel and stick of the Southern tribes, incorrectly
+called nettecwaw by Timberlake.
+
+Gategwa`--for Gategwa`hi, possibly a contraction of Igat(I)-egwa`hi,
+"Great-swamp, "thicket place." A high peak southeast from Franklin,
+Macon Co., N. C., and perhaps identical with Fodderstack mountain.
+
+ga`tsu--see hatlu`.
+
+Gatu`gitse`yi (abbreviated Gatu`gitse`)--"New-settlement place,"
+from gatu`gi or agatu`gi, town, settlement, itsehi, new, especially
+applied to new vegetation, and yi, the locative. A former settlement
+on Cartoogaja creek near the present Franklin, in Macon Co., N. C.
+
+Gatugi`yi--"Town building place," or "Settlement place," from gatu`gi,
+a settlement, and yi, locative. A place on Santeetla creek, near
+Robbinsville, in Graham Co., N. C.
+
+Gatun`iti`yi--"Hemp place," from Gatun`lati, "wild hemp" (Apocynum
+cannabinum), and yi, locative. A former Cherokee settlement, commonly
+known as Hemptown, on the creek of the same name, near Morgantown,
+in Fannin Co., Ga.
+
+Gatun`wa`li--a noted western Cherokee, about 1842, known to the whites
+as Hardmush or Big-Mush.
+
+Gatun`wa`li, from ga`tu`, "bread," and unwa`li, "made into balls or
+lumps," is a sort of mush or parched corn meal, made very thick, so
+that it can be dipped out in lumps almost of the consistency of bread.
+
+ge`i--down stream, down the road, with the current; tsa`gi, up stream.
+
+gese`i--was; a separate word which, when used after the verb in the
+present tense, makes it past tense without change of form; in the
+form hi`gese`i it usually accompanies an emphatic repetition.
+
+Ge`yagu`ga (for Age`hya`-guga?)--a formulistic name for the moon
+(nun`da`); it cannot be analyzed, but seems to contain the word
+age`hya, "woman." See also nun`da`.
+
+gi`ga--blood; cf. gi`gage`i, red.
+
+gi`ga-danegi`ski--"blood taker," from gi`ga, blood, and ada`negi`ski,
+"one who takes liquids," from tsi`negia` (liquid). Another name for
+the tsane`ni or scorpion lizard.
+
+gi`gage`i--red, bright red, scarlet; the brown-red of certain animals
+and clays is distinguished as wa`dige`i.
+
+gi`ga-tsuha`li--"bloody-mouth," literally "having blood on the corners
+of his mouth"; from gi`ga, blood, and tsuhanunsi`yi, the corners of
+the mouth (aha`li, his mouth). A large lizard, probably the pleistodon.
+
+gili--dog; the Lower dialect, gi`ri.
+
+Gili-dinehun`yi--"where the dogs live," from gili, dog, dinehu`,
+"they dwell" (ehu, "I dwell"), and yi, locative. A place on Oconaluftee
+river, a short distance above the present Cherokee in Swain Co., N. C.
+
+Gi`li`-utsun`stanun`yi--"where the dog ran," from gili`, dog, and
+Utsun`stanun`yi, "footprints made by an animal running"; the Milky way.
+
+ginunti--a song form for gunu`tii`, "to lay him (animate object)
+upon the ground."
+
+giri--see gi`li`.
+
+Gisehun`yi--"where the female lives," from agi`si, female, and yi,
+locative. A place on Tuckasegee river a short distance above Bryson
+City, in Swain Co., N. C.
+
+git`lu--hair. (Upper dialect); in Lower and Middle dialects gitsu.
+
+Glass, The--see Ta`gwadihi`.
+
+Gohoma--A Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; the form cannot be identified.
+
+Going-snake--see I`naduna`i.
+
+Gorhaleka--a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; the form cannot be
+identified.
+
+Great Island--see Amayel-e`gwa.
+
+Gregory Bald--see Tsistu`yi.
+
+Guachoula--see Guaxule.
+
+Guaquila (Waki la)--a town in the Cherokee country, visited by De
+Soto in 1540, and again in 1567 by Pardo, who calls it Aguaquiri,
+and the name may have a connection with waguli, "Whippoorwill,"
+or with u`wa`gi`li, "foam."
+
+Guasula--see Guaxule.
+
+Gusila--see Guaxule.
+
+Guaxule--a town in Cherokee county, visited in 1540 by De Soto. It
+was probably about at Nacoochee mound in White Co., Ga.
+
+gu`day`wu--"I have sewed myself together"; "I am sewing," tsiye`wia`;
+"I am sewing myself together."
+
+gugwe`--the quail or partridge.
+
+gugwe`ulasu`la--"partridge moccasin," from guewe, partridge, and
+ulasula, moccasin or shoe; the lady slipper.
+
+Gulahi`yi (abbreviated Gulahi`, or Gurahi`, in the Lower
+dialect)--"Gula`hi place," so-called from the unidentified spring plant
+eaten as a salad by the Cherokee. The name of two or more places in the
+old Cherokee country; one about Currahee mountain, in Habersham Co.,
+Ga., the other on Cullowhee river, an upper branch of Tuckasegee, in
+Jackson Co., N. C. Currahee Dick was a noted chief about the year 1820.
+
+Gu`lani`yi--a Cherokee and Natchez settlement, formerly about the
+junction of Brasstown creek with Hiwassee river, a short distance above
+Murphy, in Cherokee Co., N. C. The etymology of the word is doubtful.
+
+gule`--acorn.
+
+gule`diska`nihi--the turtle-dove; literally "it cries, or mourns,
+for acorns," from gule, acorn, and diska`nihi`, "it cries for them,"
+(di-. plural prefix, hi, habitual suffix). The turtle-dove feeds upon
+acorns and its cry somewhat resembles the name, gule.
+
+gule`gi--"climber," from tsilahi, "I climb" (second person, hi`lahi;
+third person, gulahi); the blacksnake.
+
+Gul`kala`ski--an earlier name for Tsunu`lahun`ski, q. v.
+
+gul`kwa`gi--seven; also the mole-cricket.
+
+gul`kwa`gine(-i)--seventh; from gul`kwagi, seven.
+
+Gulsadihi (or Gultsadihi`?) a masculine name of uncertain etymology.
+
+gunahi`ti--long.
+
+Gu`nahitun`yi--Long place (i. e., Long valley), from gunahi`ti,
+long, and yi, locative. A former settlement known to the whites as
+Valleytown, where now is the town of the same name on Valley river in
+Cherokee Co., N. C. The various settlements on Valley river and the
+adjacent part of Hiwassee were known collectively as "Valley towns."
+
+Gun`di`gaduhun`yi (abbreviated Gun`-digadu`hun)--"Turkey settlement"
+(gu`na, turkey), so-called from the chief, Turkey or Little Turkey. A
+former settlement, known to the whites as Turkeytown, upon the
+west bank of Coosa river, opposite the present Center, in Cherokee,
+Co., Ala.
+
+gu`ni--arrow. Cf. Senica, ga`na.
+
+gun`nage`i (or gun`nage) black.
+
+Gunne`hi--see Nunne`hi.
+
+Gunskali`ski--a masculine personal name of uncertain etymology.
+
+Gunters Landing, Guntersville--see Ku`sa-Nunna`hi.
+
+Gun-tuskwa`li--"short arrows," from guni, arrow, and tsuskwa`li,
+plural of uska`li, short; a traditional western tribe.
+
+Gunun`da`le`gi--see Nunna-hi`dihi.
+
+Gusti`--a traditional Cherokee settlement on Tennessee river, near
+Kingston, Roane Co., Tenn. The name cannot be analyzed.
+
+Gu`wisguwi`--The Cherokee name of the chief John Ross, and for the
+district named in his honor, commonly spelled Cooweescoowee. Properly
+an onomatope for a large bird said to have been seen formerly at
+infrequent intervals in the old Cherokee country, accompanying the
+migratory wild geese, and described as resembling a large snipe,
+with yellow legs and unwebbed feet. In boyhood John Ross was known
+as Tsan`usdi, "Little John."
+
+Gwal`ga`hi--"Frog-place," from gwal`gu, a variety of frog, and hi,
+locative. A place on Hiwassee river, just above the junction of
+Peachtree creek, near Murphy, in Cherokee Co., N. C.; about 1755 the
+site of a village of refugee Natchez, and later of a Baptist mission.
+
+gwehe`--a cricket's cry.
+
+
+
+Ha!--an introductory exclamation intended to attract attention or
+add emphasis; about equivalent to Here! Now!
+
+Ha`-ma`ma`--a song term compounded of ha! an introductory exclamation,
+and mama`, a word which has no analysis, but is used in speaking to
+young children to mean "let me carry you on my back."
+
+Hanging-maw--see Uskwa`li-gu`ta.
+
+ha`nia-lil`-lil`--an unmeaning dance refrain.
+
+Hard-mush--see Gatun`wali.
+
+ha`tlu--dialectic form, ga`tsu, "where?" (interrogative).
+
+ha`wiye`ehi`, ha`wiye`hyuwe`--unmeaning dance refrains.
+
+hayu`--an emphatic affirmative, about equivalent to "Yes, sir."
+
+hayuya`haniwa`--an unmeaning refrain in one of the bear songs.
+
+he-e!--an unmeaning song introduction.
+
+Hemp-carrier--see Tale`danigi`ski.
+
+Hemptown--see Gatunlti`yi.
+
+hi!--unmeaning dance exclamation.
+
+Hickory-log--see Wane`-asun`tlunyi.
+
+hi`gina`lii--"(you are) my friend"; afina`lii, "(he is) my friend." In
+white man's jargon, canaly.
+
+Hightower--see I`tawa`.
+
+hila`gu?--how many? how much? (Upper dialect); the Middle dialect
+form is hungu`.
+
+hilahi`yu--long ago; the final yu makes it more emphatic.
+
+hi`lunnu--"(thou) go to sleep"; from tsi`lihu`, "I am asleep."
+
+hi`ski--five; cf. Mohawk wisk. The Cherokee numerals including 10 are
+as follows: sa`gwu, ta`li, tsa`i, nun`gi, hi`ski, su`tali, gul kwa`gi,
+tsune`la, aska`hi
+
+Hiwassee--Ayuhwa`si.
+
+hi`yagu`we--an unmeaning dance refrain.
+
+Houston, Samuel--see Ka`lanu.
+
+huhu--the yellow-breasted chat, or yellow mocking bird (Icteria
+virens); the name is an onomatope.
+
+hunyahu`ska--"he will die."
+
+hwi`lahi`--"thou (must) go."
+
+
+
+Iau`nigu--an important Cherokee settlement, commonly known to the
+whites as Seneca, formerly on Keowee river, about the mouth of
+Conneross creek, in Oconee county, S. C. Hopewell, the country seat
+of General Pickens, where the famous treaty was made, was near it on
+the east side of the river. The word cannot be translated, but has
+no connection with the tribal name, Seneca.
+
+igagu`ti--daylight. The name is sometimes applied to the ulunsu`ti
+(q. v.) and also to the clematis vine.
+
+i`hya--the cane reed (Arundinaria) of the Gulf states, used by the
+Indians for blow-guns, fishing rods and basketry.
+
+ihya`ga--see atsil`sunti.
+
+inadu`--snake.
+
+I`nadu-na`i--"Going snake," a Cherokee chief prominent about eighty
+years ago. The name properly signifies that the person is "going along
+in company with a snake," the verbal part being from the irregular
+verb asta`i, "I am going along with him." The name has been given to
+a district of the present Cherokee Nation.
+
+i`nage`hi--dwelling in the wilderness, an inhabitant of the wilderness;
+from i`nage`i "wilderness," and ehi, habitual present form of ehu,
+"he is dwelling"; ge`u, "I am dwelling."
+
+I`nage-utasun`hi--"he who grew up in the wilderness," i. e., "He who
+grew up wild"; from i`nage`i, "wilderness, unoccupied timber land," and
+utasun`hi, the third person perfect of the irregular verb ga`tunsku`,
+"I am growing up."
+
+Ina`li--Black-fox; the common red fox in tsu`la (in Muscogee,
+chula). Black-fox was principal chief of the Cherokee Nation in 1810.
+
+Iskagua--Name for "Clear Sky," formerly "Nenetooyah or the Bloody
+Fellow." The name appears thus in a document of 1791 as that of
+a Cherokee chief frequently mentioned about that period under the
+name of "Bloody Fellow." In one treaty it is given as "Eskaqua or
+Bloody Fellow." Both forms and etymologies are doubtful, neither form
+seeming to have any reference either to "sky" (galun`lahi) or "blood"
+(gi`ga). The first may be intended for Ik-e`gwa, "Great day."
+
+Istanare--see Ustana`li.
+
+Itaba--see I`tawa`.
+
+Itagu`nahi--the Cherokee name of John Ax.
+
+I`tawa`--The name of one or more Cherokee settlements. One,
+which existed until the Removal in 1838, was upon Etowah river,
+about the present Hightower, in Forsyth county, Ga. Another may
+have been on Hightower creek of Hiwassee river in Towns county,
+Ga. The name, commonly written Etowah and corrupted to Hightower,
+cannot be translated and seems not to be of Cherokee origin. A town,
+called Itaba, Ytaun or Ytava in the De Soto chronicles, existed in
+1540 among the Creeks, apparently on Alabama river.
+
+Itsa`ti--commonly spelled Echota, Chota, Chote, Choquata (misprint),
+etc.; a name occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country;
+the meaning is lost. The most important settlement of this name,
+frequently distinguished as Great Echota, was on the south side of
+Little Tennessee. It was the ancient capital and sacred "Peace town"
+of the Nation. Little Echota was on Sautee (i. e., Its`ti) creek,
+a head stream of the Chattahoochee, west of Clarksville, Ga. New
+Echota, the capital of the Nation for some years before the Removal,
+was established at a spot originally known as Gansa`gi (q. v.) at the
+junction of the Oostanaula and Canasauga rivers, in Gordon county,
+Ga. It was sometimes called Newton. The old Macedonia mission on
+Soco creek, of the N. C. reservation, is also known as Itas`ti to
+the Cherokee, as was also the great Nacoochee mound. See Nagutsi`.
+
+Itse`yi--"New green place" or "Place of fresh green," from itse`hi,
+"green or unripe vegetation," and yi, the locative; applied more
+particularly to a tract of ground made green by fresh springing
+vegetation, after having been cleared of timber or burned over. A name
+occurring in several places in the Old Cherokee country, variously
+written Echia, Echoee, Etchowee, and sometimes also falsely rendered
+"Brasstown," from a confusion of Itse`yi with untsaiyi`, "brass." One
+settlement of this name was upon Brasstown creek of Tugaloo river,
+in Oconee county, S. C.; another was on Little Tennessee river near
+the present Franklin, Macon county, N. C., and probably about the
+junction of Cartoogaja (Gatug-itse`yi) creek; a third, known to the
+whites as Brasstown, was on upper Brasstown creek of Hiwassee river,
+in Towns county, Ga. In Cherokee, as in most other Indian languages,
+no clear distinction is made between green and blue.
+
+i`ya--pumpkin.
+
+i`ya`-iuy`sti--"like a pumpkin," from i`ya and iyu`sti, like.
+
+i`ya`-tawi`skage--"of pumpkin smoothness," from i`ya, pumpkin, and
+tawi`skage, smooth.
+
+
+
+Jackson--see Tsek`sini`.
+
+Jessan--see Tsesa`ni.
+
+Jesse Reid--see Tse`si-Ska`tsi.
+
+Joanna Bald--see Diya`hali`yi.
+
+Joara, Juada--see Ani`-Sawa`li.
+
+John--see Tsa`ni.
+
+John Ax--see Itagu`nahi.
+
+Jolly, John--see Anu`lude`gi.
+
+Junaluska--see Tsunu`lahun`ski.
+
+Jutaculla--see Tsulkalu`.
+
+
+
+ka`gu`--crow; the name is an onomatope.
+
+Kagun`yi--"Crow place," from ka`gu`, and yi, locative.
+
+ka`i--grease, oil.
+
+Kala`asun`yi--"where he fell off," from tsila`asku`, "I am falling
+off," and yi, locative. A cliff near Cold Spring knob, in Swain county,
+North Carolina.
+
+Ka`lahu`--"All-bones," from ka`lu, bone. A former chief of the East
+Cherokee, also known in the tribe as Sawanu`gi.
+
+Ka`lanu--"The Raven"; the name was used as a war title in the tribe
+and appears in the old documents as Corani (Lower dialect, Ka`ranu)
+Colonneh, Colona, etc. It is the Cherokee name for General Samuel
+Houston or for any person named Houston.
+
+Ka`lanu Ahyeli`ski--the Raven Mocker.
+
+Ka`lanun`yi--"Raven place," from ka`lanu, raven, and yi, the
+locative. The proper name of Big-cove settlement upon the East Cherokee
+reservation, Swain county, N. C., sometimes also called Raventown.
+
+kalas`-gunahi`ta--"long hams" (gunahi`ta, "long"); a variety of bear.
+
+Kal-detsi`yunyi--"where the bones are," from ka`lu, bone, and
+detsi`yunyi, "where (yi) they (de--plural prefix) are lying." A spot
+near the junction of East Buffalo Creek with Cheowa river, in Graham
+county, N. C.
+
+kama`ma--butterfly.
+
+kama`ma u`tanu--elephant; literally "great butterfly," from the
+resemblance of the trunk and ears to the butterfly's proboscis
+and wings.
+
+kanaha`na--a sour corn gruel, much in use among the Cherokee and
+other Southern tribes; the tamfuli or "Tom Fuller" of the Creeks.
+
+kanane`ski--spider; also, from a fancied resemblance in appearance
+to a watch or clock.
+
+kanane`ski amaye`hi--the water spider.
+
+Kana`sta, Kanastun`yi--a traditional Cherokee settlement, formerly on
+the head-waters of the French Broad river, near the present Brevard,
+in Transylvania county, North Carolina. The meaning of the first name
+is lost. A settlement called Cannostee or Cannastion is mentioned as
+existing on Hiwassee river in 1776.
+
+kana`talu`hi--hominy cooked with walnut kernels.
+
+Kana`ti--"Lucky Hunter"; a masculine name, sometimes abbreviated
+Kanat`. The word cannot be analyzed, but is used as a third person
+habitual verbal form to mean "he is lucky, or successful, in hunting";
+the opposite is ukwa`legu, "unlucky, or unsuccessful, in hunting."
+
+kanegwa`ti--the water-moccasin snake.
+
+Kanuga--also written Canuga; a Lower Cherokee settlement, apparently
+on the waters of Keowee river, in S. C., destroyed in 1751; also
+a traditional settlement on Pigeon river, probably near the present
+Waynesville, in Haywood county, N. C. The name signifies "a scratcher,"
+a sort of bone-toothed comb with which ball-players are scratched
+upon their naked skin preliminary to applying the conjured medicine;
+de`tsinuga`sku, "I am scratching it."
+
+kanugu` la (abbreviated nungu` la)--"scratcher," a generic term for
+blackberry, raspberry, and other brier bushes.
+
+Kanu`gulayi, or Kanu`gulun`yi--"Brier place," from kanugu`la, brier
+(cf. Kanu`ga); a Cherokee settlement formerly on Nantahala river,
+about the mouth of Briertown creek, in Macon county, N. C.
+
+Kanun`nawu`--pipe.
+
+Kasdu`yi--"Ashes place," from kasdu, ashes, and yi, the locative. A
+modern Cherokee name for the town of Asheville, Buncombe county,
+N. C. The ancient name for the same site is Unta`kiyasti`yi, q. v.
+
+Katal`sta--an East Cherokee woman potter, the daughter of the chief
+Yanagun`ski. The name conveys the idea of lending, from tsiyatal`sta,
+"I lend it"; agatal`sta, "it is lent to him."
+
+Kawan`-ura`sunyi--(abbreviated Kawan`-ura`sun in the Lower
+dialect)--"where the duck fell," from kawa`na, duck, ura`sa (ula`sa),
+"it fell," and yi, locative. A point on Conneross creek (from
+Kawan`-ura`sun), near Seneca, in Oconee county, S. C.
+
+Kawi`yi (abbreviated Kawi`)--a former important Cherokee settlement
+commonly known as Cowee, about the mouth of Cowee creek of Little
+Tennessee river, some 10 miles below Franklin, in Macon county,
+N. C. The name may possibly be a contraction of Ani`-Kawi`yi, "Place
+of the Deer clan."
+
+Keeowhee--see Keowee.
+
+Kenesaw--see Gansa`gi.
+
+Keowee--the name of two or more former Cherokee settlements. One
+sometimes distinguished as "Old Keowee," the principal of the Lower
+Cherokee towns, was on the river of the same name, near the present
+Fort George, in Oconee county, of S. C. Another, distinguished as New
+Keowee, was on the head-waters of Twelve-mile creek, in Pickens county,
+S. C. According to Wafford the correct form is Kuwahi`yi, abbreviated
+Kuwahi`, "Mulberry-grove place." Says Wafford, "the whites murdered
+the name as they always do." Cf. Kuwa`hi.
+
+Ke`si-ka`gamu--a woman's name, a Cherokee corruption of Cassie Cockran;
+ka`gamu is also the Cherokee corruption for "cucumber."
+
+Ketoowah--see Kilu`hwa.
+
+Kittuwa--see Kitu`hwa.
+
+Kitu`hwa--an important ancient Cherokee settlement formerly upon
+Tuckasegee river, and extending from above the junction of Oconaluftee
+down nearly to the present Bryson City, in Swain county, N. C. The
+name, which appears also as Kettooah, Kittoa, Kittowa, etc., has lost
+its meaning. The people of this and the subordinate settlements on the
+waters of the Tuckasegee were known as Ani`-Kitu`hwagi, and the name
+was frequently extended to include the whole tribe. For this reason
+it was adopted in later times as the name of the Cherokee secret
+organization, commonly known to the whites as the Ketoowah society,
+pledged to the defense of Cherokee autonomy.
+
+kiyu ga--ground-squirrel; te`wa, flying squirrel; sala`li, gray
+squirrel.
+
+Klausuna--see Tlanusi`yi.
+
+Knoxville--see Kuwanda`ta lun`yi.
+
+ku!--an introductory explanation, to fix attention, about equivalent to
+"Now!"
+
+kuku`--"cymbling"; also the "jigger weed," or "pleurisy root"
+(Asclepias tuberosa). Coco creek of Hiwassee river, and Coker
+post-office, in Monroe county, Tennessee, derive their name from
+this word.
+
+Kulsetsi`yi (abbreviated Kulse`tsi)--"Honey-locust place," from
+kulse`tsi, honey-locust (Gleditschia) and yi, locative; as the
+same word, kulse` tsi, is also used for "sugar," the local name has
+commonly been rendered Sugartown by the traders. The name of several
+former settlement places in the old Cherokee country. One was upon
+Keowee river, near the present Fall creek, in Oconee county, S. C.;
+another was on Sugartown or Cullasagee (Kulse`tsi) creek, near the
+present Franklin, in Macon county, N. C.; a third was on Sugartown
+creek, near the present Morgantown, in Fannin county, Ga.
+
+Kunnesee--see Tsi`yu-gunsi`ni.
+
+Kunstutsi`yi--"Sassafras place," from kunstu`tsi, sassafras, and yi,
+locative. A gap in the Great Smoky range, about the head of Noland
+creek, on the line between North Carolina and Sevier county, Tenn.
+
+kunu`nu (abbreviated kunun`)--the bullfrog; the name is probably an
+onomatope; the common green frog is wala`si and there are also names
+for several other varieties of frogs and toads.
+
+Kusa`--Coosa creek, an upper tributary of Nottely river, near
+Blairsville, Union county, Georgia. The change of accent from Ku`sa
+(Creek, see Ani`-Ku`sa) makes it locative.
+
+Ku`sa-nunna`hi--"Creek trail," from Ku`sa, Creek Indian, and Nunna`hi,
+path, trail; cf. Suwa`li-nunna`hi. A former important Cherokee
+settlement, including also a number of Creeks and Shawano, where the
+trail from the Ohio region to the creek country crossed Tennessee
+river, at the present Guntersville, in Marshall county, Ala. It was
+known to the traders as Creek-path, and later as Gunter's landing,
+from a Cherokee mixed-blood named Gunter.
+
+Ku`swati`yi (abbreviated Ku`saweti`)--"Old Creek place," from
+Ku`sa, a Creek Indian (plural Ani`-ku`sa), uwe`ti, old, and yi,
+locative. Coosawatee, an important Cherokee settlement formerly on
+the lower part of Coosawatee river, in Gordon county, Ga. In one
+document the name appears, by error, Tensawattee.
+
+Kuwa`hi--"Mulberry place," from ku`wa, mulberry tree, and hi,
+locative. Clingman's dome, about the head of Deep creek, on the
+Great Smoky range, between Swain county, N. C., and Sevier county,
+Tenn. See also Keowee.
+
+Kuwanda`ta lun`yi (abbreviated Kuwanda`ta lun)--"Mulberry grove," from
+ku`wa, mulberry; the Cherokee name for the present site of Knoxville,
+in Knox county, Tenn.
+
+Kwa`li, Kwalun`yi--Qualla or Quallatown, the former agency for the East
+Cherokee and now a post-office station, just outside the reservation,
+on a branch of Soco creek, in Jackson county, North Carolina. It is
+the Cherokee form for "Polly," and the station was so-called from an
+old woman of that name who formerly lived near by; Kwa`li, "Polly"
+Kwalun`yi, "Polly's place." The reservation is locally known as the
+Qualla boundary.
+
+kwandaya`hu--see da`liksta`.
+
+
+
+la`lu--the jar-fly (Cicada auletes).
+
+Little Carpenter, Little Cornplanter--see Ata`-gul kalu`.
+
+Long-hair--a Cherokee chief living with his band in Ohio in 1795. The
+literal Cherokee translation of "Long-hair" is Gitlu`gunahi`ta,
+but it is not certain that the English name is a correct rendering
+of the Indian form. Cf. Ani`-Gila`hi.
+
+Long Island--see Amaye li-gunahi`ta.
+
+Lookout Mountain Town--see Danda`ganu`.
+
+Lowrey, Major George--see Agili.
+
+
+
+Mayes, J. B.--see Tsa`wa Gak`ski.
+
+Memphis--see Tsuda`talesun`yi.
+
+Mialaquo--see Amaye l-e`gwa.
+
+Moses--see Wa`si.
+
+Moytoy--a Cherokee chief recognized by the English as "emperor" in
+1730. Both the correct form and the meaning of the name are uncertain;
+the name occurs again as Moyatoy in a document of 1793; a boy upon the
+East Cherokee reservation a few years ago bore the name of Ma`tayi`,
+for which no meaning can be found or given.
+
+Mussel Shoals--see Dagu`nahi.
+
+
+
+Nacoochee--see Na`gu tsi.
+
+Na`duli--known to the whites as Nottely. A former Cherokee settlement
+on Nottely river, close to the Georgia line, in Cherokee county,
+N. C. The name cannot be translated and has not any connection with
+na tu li, "spicewood."
+
+Na`gu tsi`--a former important settlement about the junction of Soquee
+and Santee rivers, in Nacoochee valley, at the head of Chattahoochee
+river, in Habersham county, Ga. The meaning of the word is lost and it
+is doubtful if it be of Cherokee origin. It may have some connection
+with the name of the Uchee Indians. The great mound farther up Sautee
+river, in White county, was known to the Cherokee as Itsa`ti.
+
+nakwisi` (abbreviated nakusi)--star; also the meadow lark.
+
+nakwisi` usdi`--"little star"; the puffball fungus (Lycoperdon?).
+
+Na`na-tlu gun`yi (abbreviated Na`na-tlu gun`, or Na`na-tsu
+gun`)--"Spruce-tree place," from na`na, spruce, tlu gun`i, or tsu
+gun`i, a tree (standing) and yi, locative, 1. A traditional ancient
+Cherokee settlement on the site of Jonesboro, Washington county,
+Tenn. The name of Nolichucky river is probably a corruption of the
+same word. 2. Nan-tsu gun, a place on Nottely river, close to its
+junction with Hiwassee, in Cherokee county, N. C.
+
+Nanehi--see Nunne`hi.
+
+Nantahala--see Nundaye` li.
+
+Nashville--see Dagu`nawe`lahi.
+
+Natchez--see Ani`-Na'tsi.
+
+Nats-asun`tlunyi (abbreviated Nats-asun`tlun)--"Pine-footing place,"
+from na'tsi, pine, asun`tli or asun-tlun`i, footlog, bridge, and yi,
+locative. A former Cherokee settlement, commonly known as Pinelog,
+on the creek of the same name, in Bartow county, Georgia.
+
+na'tsi--pine.
+
+na`tsiku`--"I eat it" (tsi`kiu`, "I am eating").
+
+na tu li--spicewood (Lindera benzoin).
+
+Naye`hi--see Nunne`hi.
+
+Nayunuwi--see Nunyunu`wi.
+
+nehanduyanu`--a song form for nehadu`yanu`, an irregular verbal form
+denoting "conceived in the womb."
+
+Nellawgitehi--given as the name of a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684. The
+correct form and meaning are both uncertain, but the final part seems
+to be the common suffix didi`, "killer." Cf. Ta`gwadiahi`.
+
+Nenetooyah--see Iskagua.
+
+Nequassee--see Ki`kwasi`.
+
+Nettecawaw--see Gatayu`sti.
+
+Nettle-carrier--see Tale`danigi`ski.
+
+New Echota, Newtown--see Itsa`ti.
+
+Nickajack--see Nikutse`gi.
+
+Nicotani--see Ani`-Kuta`ni.
+
+Nikwasi` (or Nikwsi`)--an important ancient settlement on Little
+Tennessee river, where now is the town of Franklin, in Macon county,
+N. C. A large mound marks the site of the town-house. The name appears
+in old documents as Nequassee, Nucassee, etc. Its meaning is lost.
+
+Nikutse`gi (also Nukatse`gi, Nikwatse`gi, or abbreviated
+Nikutseg`)--Nickajack, an important Cherokee settlement, about 1790,
+on the south bank of Tennessee river, at the entrance of Nickajack
+creek, in Marion county, Tenn. One of the Five Chickamauga towns (see
+Tsikama`gi). The meaning of the word is lost and it is probably not
+of Cherokee origin, although it occurs also in the tribe as a man's
+name. In the corrupted form of "Nigger Jack," it occurs also as the
+name of a creek of Cullasaja river above Franklin, in Macon county,
+N. C.
+
+Nilaque--see Amaye l-e`gwa.
+
+Nolichucky--see Na`na-tlugun`yi.
+
+Notchy--a creek entering Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tenn. The
+name evidently refers to Natchez Indian refugees, who formerly lived
+in the vicinity (see Ani`-Na'tsi).
+
+Nottely--see Na`duli`.
+
+nu--used as a suffix to denote "and," or "also"; u`le-nu, "and also"
+na`ski-nu`, "and that," "that also."
+
+Nucassee--see Nikwasi`.
+
+nu`dunnelu`--he did so and so: an irregular form apparently connected
+with the archaic forms adunni`ga, "it has just become so," and udunnu,
+"it is matured, or finished."
+
+Nugatsa`ni--a ridge sloping down to Oconaluftee river, below Cherokee,
+in Swain county, N. C. An archaic form denoting a high ridge with a
+long gradual slope.
+
+nu`na--potato; the name was originally applied to the wild "pig potato"
+(Phaseolus), now distinguished as mu`na igatehi, "swamp-dwelling
+potato."
+
+nun`da--the sun or moon, distinguished as unu`da` ige`hi, nun`da`
+"dwelling in the day," and nun`da` sunna`yehi, nun`da "dwelling in
+the night." In the sacred formulas the moon is sometimes called Ge
+yagu`ga, or Su`talidihi, "Six-keller," names apparently founded upon
+myths now lost.
+
+nun`da`-dikani--a rare bird formerly seen occasionally in the
+old Cherokee country, possibly the little blue heron (Floridus
+cerulea). The name seems to mean "it looks at the sun," i. e.,
+"sun-gazer," from nun`da`, sun, and da`ka na` or detsi`ka na, "I am
+looking at it."
+
+Nundawe`gi--see Ani`-Nundawe`gi.
+
+Nun`daye li--"Middle (i. e., Noonday) sun," from nunda`, sun and
+aye li, middle; a former Cherokee settlement on Nantahala river,
+near the present Jarrett station, in Macon county, N. C., so-called
+from the high cliffs which shut out the view of the sun until nearly
+noon. The name appears also as Nantahala, Nantiyallee, Nuntialla,
+etc. It appears to have been applied properly only to the point on the
+river where the cliffs are most perpendicular, while the settlement
+itself was known as Kanu`gu la`yi, "Briertown," q. v.
+
+Nun`dagun`yi, Nunda`yi--the Sun land, or east; from nun`da`, sun, and
+yi, locative. Used in the sacred formulas instead of di`galungun`yi,
+"where it rises," the common word.
+
+nun`gi--four. See hi`ski.
+
+nungu la--see kanugu` la.
+
+nunna`hi (abbreviated nunna)--a path, trail or road.
+
+Nunna`hi-dihi` (abbreviated Nun`na-dihi`)--"Path-killer," literally,
+"he kills (habitually) in the path," from nun`nahi, path, and ahihi`,
+"he kills" (habitually); "I am killing," tsi`ihu`. A principal chief,
+about the year 1813. Major John Ridge was originally known by the
+same name, but afterward took the name, Gunun`da le`gi, "One who
+follows the ridge," which the whites made simply ridge.
+
+Nunna`hi-tsune`ga (abbreviated) Nunna-tsune`ga--"white-path,"
+from nunna`hi, path, and tsune`ga, plural of une`ga, white; the
+form is the plural, as is common in Indian names, and has probably
+a symbolic reference to the "white" or peaceful paths spoken of in
+the opening invocation at the green corn dance. A noted chief who
+led the conservative party about 1828.
+
+Nunne`hi (also Gunne`hi; singular Naye`hi)--a race of invisible spirit
+people. The name is derived from the verb e`hu`, "I dwell, I live,"
+e`hi`, "I dwell habitually," and may be rendered "dwellers anywhere,"
+or "those who live anywhere," but implies having always been there,
+i. e., "Immortals." It has been spelled Nanehi and Nuhnayie by
+different writers. The singular form Naye`hi occurs also as a personal
+name, about equivalent to Eda`hi, "One who goes about."
+
+Nuniyu`sti--"potato-like," from nu`na, potato, and iyu`sti, like. A
+flowering vine with tuberous root somewhat resembling the potato.
+
+Nunyu`--rock, stone.
+
+Nunyu`-gunwam`ski--"Rock that talks," from nunyu`, rock, and
+tsiwa`nihu, "I am talking." A rock from which Talking-rock creek of
+Coosawatee river, in Georgia, derives its name.
+
+Nun`yunu`wi--contracted from Nunyu-unu`wi. "Stone-clad," from nunyu,
+rock, and agwaun`wu, "I am clothed or covered." A mythic monster,
+invulnerable by reason of his stony skin. The name is also applied
+sometimes to the stinging ant, dasuntali atatsunski, q. v. It has
+also been spelled Nayunuwi.
+
+Nunyu`-tlu guni (or Nunyu-tsu gun`i)--"Tree-rock," a notable rock on
+Hiwassee river, just within the N. C. line.
+
+Nunyu`-twi`ska--"Slick rock," from nunyu`, rock, and twiska, smooth,
+slick; the form remains unchanged for the locative. 1. Slick-rock
+creek, entering Little Tennessee river just within the west line
+of Graham county, N. C. 2. A place at the extreme head of Brasstown
+creek of Hiwassee river, in Towns county, Ga.
+
+
+
+Ocoee--see Uwaga`hi.
+
+Oconaluftee--see Egwanul ti.
+
+Oconee--see Ukwu`nu.
+
+Oconostota--see Agansta`ta.
+
+Old Tassel--see Utsi`dsata`.
+
+Ooltewah--see Ultiwa`i.
+
+Oostinaleh--see U`stana`li.
+
+Oothealoga--see Uy`gila`gi.
+
+Otacite, Otassite--see Outacity.
+
+Otari, Otariyatiqui--mentioned as a place, apparently on the Cherokee
+frontier, visited by Pardo in 1567. Otari seems to be the Cherokee
+atari or atali, mountain, but the rest of the word is doubtful.
+
+Ottare--see a`tali.
+
+Owasta--given as the name of a Cherokee chief in 1684; the form cannot
+be identified.
+
+Ougillogy--see Uy`gila`gi.
+
+Outacity--given in documents as the name or title of a prominent
+Cherokee chief about 1720. It appears also as Otacite, Ottassite,
+Outassatah, Wootassite and Wrosetasatow (!), but the form cannot
+be identified, although it seems to contain the personal name suffix
+diha`, "killer." Timberlake says: "There are some other honorary titles
+among them, conferred in reward of great actions; the first of which
+is Outacity or "Man-killer," and the second Colona or "The Raven."
+
+Outassatah--see Outacity.
+
+Owassa--see Ayuhwa`si.
+
+
+
+Paint-town--see Ani`-Wa`dihi`.
+
+Path-killer--see Nuna`hi-dihi`.
+
+Phoenix, Cherokee--see Tsule`hisanun`hi.
+
+Pigeon River--see Wayi.
+
+Pine Indians--see Ani`-Na'tsi.
+
+Pinelog--see Na ts-asun`tlunyi.
+
+
+
+Qualatchee--a former Cherokee settlement on the headwaters of the
+Chattahoochee river in Georgia; another of the same name was upon
+the waters of Keowee river in S. C. The correct form is unknown.
+
+Qualla--see Kwali.
+
+Quaxule--see Guaxule.
+
+Quinahaqui--a place, possibly in the Cherokee country, visited by
+Pardo in 1567. The form cannot be identified.
+
+Quoneashee--see Tlanusi`yi.
+
+
+
+Rattlesnake Springs--see Utsanatiyi.
+
+Rattling-Gourd--see Ganseti.
+
+Raventown--see Kalanun`yi.
+
+Red Clay--see Elawa`diyi.
+
+Reid, Jesse--see Tse`si-Ska`tsi.
+
+Ridge, Major John--see Nunna`hi-dihi`.
+
+Ross, John--see Gu`wisguwi`.
+
+Ross' Landing--see Tsatanu`gi.
+
+
+
+Sadayi`--a feminine name, the proper name of the woman known to the
+whites as Annie Ax; it cannot be translated.
+
+Sagwa`hi, or Sagwun`yi--"One place," from sa`gwu, one, and hi or
+yi, locative. Soco creek of Oconaluftee river, on the East Cherokee
+reservation, in Jackson county, N. C. No satisfactory reason is given
+for the name, which has its parallel in Tsaska`hi, "Thirty place,"
+a local name in Cherokee county, N. C.
+
+sa`gwalt`--horse; from asagwalihu, a pack or burden, asagwal lu`;
+"there is a pack on him."
+
+sa`gwali digu`lanahi`ta--mule; literally "long-eared horse," from
+sa`gwali, horse, and digu`lanahi`ta, q. v.
+
+saikwa`yi--bear-grass (Erynigium) also the greensnake, on account of
+a fancied resemblance; the name of a former Cherokee settlement on
+Sallacoa creek of Coosawatee river, in Gordon county, Ga.
+
+Sakwi`yi (or Suki`yi; abbreviated Sakwi` or Suki`)--a former settlement
+on Soquee river, a head stream of Chattahoochee, near Clarksville,
+Habersham county, Ga. Also written Saukee and Sookee. The name has
+lost its meaning.
+
+sala`li--squirrel; the common gray squirrel; other varieties are kiyu
+ga, the ground squirrel, and tewa, the flying squirrel; Sala`li was
+also the name of an East Cherokee inventor who died a few years ago;
+Sala`lani`ta` "Young-squirrels," is a masculine personal name on
+the reservation.
+
+saligu`gi--turtle, the common water turtle; soft-shell turtle,
+u`lana`wa; land tortoise or terrapin, tuksi`.
+
+Sa`nigila`gi (abbreviated San gila`gi)--Whiteside mountain, a
+prominent peak of the Blue Ridge, southeast from Franklin, Macon
+county, N. C. It is connected with the tradition of Utlun`ta.
+
+Santeetla--the present map name of a creek joining Cheiwa river
+in Graham county, N. C., and of a smaller tributary (Little
+Santeetla). The name is not recognized or understood by the Cherokee,
+who insist that it was given by the whites. Little Santeetla is known
+to the Cherokee as Tsundanilti`yi, q. v.; the modern Santeetla creek is
+commonly known as Nayu`higeyun`i, "Sand-place stream," from "Nuyu`hi,
+"Sand place" (nayu, sand), a former settlement just above the junction
+of the two creeks.
+
+Sara--see Ani`-Suwa`li.
+
+Sa`sa`--goose; an onomatope.
+
+Sautee--see Itsa`ti.
+
+Savannah--the popular name of this river is derived from that of the
+Shawano Indians, formerly living upon its middle course, and known to
+the Cherokee as Ani`Swanu`gi, q. v., to the Creeks as Savanuka, and
+to some of the coast tribes of Carolina as Savanna. In old documents
+the river is also called Isundiga, from Isu`nigu or Seneca, q. v.,
+an important former Cherokee settlement upon its upper waters.
+
+Sawanu`gi--"Shawano" (Indian); a masculine personal name upon the East
+Cherokee reservation and prominent in the history of the band. See
+Ani`Sawanu`gi and Ka`lahu`.
+
+Sawnook--see Ka`lahu`.
+
+Sehwate`yi--"Hornet place," from se`hwatu, hornet, and yi,
+locative. Cheowa Maximum and Swim Bald, adjoining bald peaks at the
+head of Cheowa river, Graham county, N. C.
+
+selu--corn; sometimes called in the sacred formulas Agawe`la, "The
+Old Woman."
+
+sel-utsi` (for selu-utsi`)--"corn's mother," from selu, corn, and
+utsi`, his mother (etsi` or agitsi`, my mother); the bead-corn or
+Job's-tears (Coix lacryma).
+
+Seneca--see Ani`-Nun`dawe`gi (Seneca tribe), and Isu`nigu. (Seneca
+town.)
+
+Sequatchee--see Si`gwetsi`.
+
+Sequoya--see Sikwayi.
+
+Setsi--a mound and traditional Cherokee settlement on the south side
+of the Valley river, about three miles below Valleytown, in Cherokee
+county, N. C.; the name has lost its meaning. A settlement called
+Tasetsi (Tassetchie in some old documents) existed on the extreme
+head of Hiwassee river, in Towns county, Ga.
+
+Sevier--see Tsan`-usdi`.
+
+Shoe-boots--see Da`si giya`gi.
+
+Shooting creek--see Du`stayalun`yi.
+
+Si`gwetsi`--a traditional Cherokee settlement on the south bank of
+French Broad river, not far from Knoxville, Knox county, Tenn. Near
+by was the quarry from which it is said the stone for the white
+peace pipes was obtained. Swquatchee, the name of the river below
+Chattanooga, in Tenn., is probably a corruption of the same word.
+
+si`dwa--hog; originally the name of the opossum, now distinguished
+as si`kwa utset`sti, q. v.
+
+si`kwa utset`sti--opossum; literally "grinning hog," from si`kwa,
+hog, and utset`sti, "he grins" (habitually).
+
+Sikwa`yi--a masculine name, commonly written Sequoya, made famous as
+that of the inventor of the Cherokee alphabet. The name, which cannot
+be translated, is still in use upon the East Cherokee reservation.
+
+Sikwi`a--a masculine name, the Cherokee corruption for Sevier. See
+also Tsan-usdi`.
+
+sinnawah--see tla`nuwa.
+
+Si`tiku` (or su`tagu`, in dialectic form)--a former Cherokee settlement
+on Little Tennessee river, at the entrance of Citico creek, in Monroe
+county, Tenn. The name, which cannot be translated, is commonly
+spelled Citico, but appears also as Sattiquo, Settico, Settacoo,
+Sette, Sittiquo, etc.
+
+siyu`--see a`siyu`.
+
+skinta`--for skin`tagu`, understood to mean "put a new tooth into my
+jaw." The word cannot be analyzed, but is derived from gantka` (ganta
+ga in a dialectic form) a tooth in place; a tooth detached is kayu ga.
+
+Skwan`-digu gun`yi (for Askwan`-digu gun`yi)--"where the Spaniard
+is in the water" (or other liquid). A place on Upper Soco creek,
+on the reservation in Jackson county, N. C.
+
+Slick Rock--see Nunyu`tawi`ska.
+
+Smith, N. J.--see Tsaladihi`.
+
+Snowbird--see Tuti`yi.
+
+Soco creek--see Sagwa`hi.
+
+Soco Gap--see Ahalu`na.
+
+Soquee--see Sakwi`yi.
+
+Spray, H. W.--see Wilsini`.
+
+spring-frog--see Du`stu`.
+
+Standing Indian--see Yunwi-tsulenun`yi.
+
+Stand Watie--see De`gataga.
+
+Stekoa--see Stika`yi.
+
+ste`tsi--"your daughter"; literally, "your offspring"; agwe`tsi,
+"my offspring"; uwe`tsi, "his offspring"; to distinguish sex it is
+necessary to add asga`ya, "man" or age`hya, "woman."
+
+Stika`yi (variously spelled Stecoe, Steecoy, Stekoah, Stickoey,
+etc.)--the name of several former Cherokee settlements: 1. Sticoa
+creek, near Clayton, Babun county, Ga.; 2. on Tuckasegee river at
+the old Thomas homestead just above the present Whittier, in Swain
+county, N. C.; 3. on Stekoa creek of Little Tennessee river, a few
+miles below the junction of Nantahala, in Graham county, N. C.
+
+Stringfield--see Tlage`si.
+
+stugi`sti, stui`ski--a key.
+
+Suck, The--see Un`tiguhi`.
+
+Sugartown--see Kulse`tsi`yi.
+
+su`nawa`--see tla`nuwa.
+
+sunestla`ta--"split noses"; see tsunu liyu` sunestla`ta.
+
+sungi--mink; also onion; the name seems to refer to a smell; the
+various minks are called generically, gaw sun`gi.
+
+Suki`yi--another form of Sakwi`yi, q. v.
+
+su`li`--buzzard; the Creek name is the same.
+
+Sun Land--see Nunda`yi.
+
+su`sa`-sai`--an unmeaning song refrain.
+
+su`talidihi`--see nun`da`.
+
+Suwa`li-nunna`hi (abbreviated Suwa`li-nunna`hi)--"Suwali train," the
+proper name for the gap at the head of Swannanoa (from Suwa`li-Nun`na`)
+river east of Asheville, in Buncombe county, N. C.
+
+Suwa`ni--a former Cherokee settlement on Chattahoochee river, about
+the present Suwanee, in Gwinnett county, Ga. The name has no meaning
+in the Cherokee language and is said to be of Creek origin.
+
+Suye`ta--"the Chosen One," from asuye`ta, "he is chosen," gasu`yeu,
+"I am choosing"; the same form, suye`ta, could also mean mixed, from
+gasu`yahu, "I am mixing it." A masculine name at present borne by a
+prominent ex-chief and informant upon the East Cherokee reservation.
+
+Swannanoa--see Wuwa`li-nunna`hi.
+
+Swim Bald--see Sehwate`yi.
+
+Swimmer--see Ayun`ini.
+
+
+
+tadeya`statakuhi`--"we shall see each other."
+
+Tae-keo-ge--see Ta ski`gi.
+
+ta`gu--the June-bug (Allorhina nitida), also called tuya-diskalaw
+tsiski, "one who keeps fire under the beans."
+
+Ta`gwa--see Ani`ta`gwa.
+
+Ta`gwadihi` (abbreviated Ta`gwadi`)--"Catawba-killer," from Ata`gwa or
+Ta`gwa, "Cattawba Indian," and dihihi`, "he kills them" (habitually),
+from tsi`ihu`. "I kill." An old masculine name, still in use upon
+the East Cherokee reservation. It was the proper name of the chief
+known to the whites about 1790 as "The Glass," from a confusion of
+this name with adake`ti, glass, or mirror.
+
+Tagwa`hi--"Catawba place," from Ata`gwa or Ta`gwa, Catawba Indian, and
+hi, locative. A name occurring in several places in the old Cherokee
+country. A settlement of this name, known to the whites as Toccoa,
+was upon Toccoa creek, east of Clarksville, in Habersham county, Ga.;
+another was upon Toccoa or Ocoee river, about the present Toccoa,
+in Fannin county, Ga.; a third may have been on Persimmon creek,
+which is known to the Cherokee as Tagwa`hi, and enters Hiwassee river
+some distance below Murphy, in Cherokee county, N. C.
+
+Tahkeyostee--see Unta`kiyasti`yi.
+
+Tahlequah--see Talikwa`.
+
+Tahchee--see Talikwa`.
+
+Takatoka--see De`gata`ga.
+
+ta`ladu` (abbreviated taldu`)--twelve, from ta`li, two. Cf. tala`tu,
+cricket.
+
+Ta`lasi`--a former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river about
+Talassee ford, in Blount county, Tenn. The name has lost its meaning.
+
+Talassee--see Ta`lasi`.
+
+tala`tu--cricket; sometimes also called dita`staye`ski (q. v.),
+"the barber." Cf. ta`ladu`, twelve.
+
+Tale`danigi`ski (Utale`danigi`si in a dialectic form)--variously
+rendered by the whites "Hemp-carrier," "Nettle-carrier" or
+"flax-toter," from tale`ta or utale`ta, flax (Linum) or richweed (Pilea
+pumila), and danigi`ski, "he carries them" (habitually). A former
+prominent chief on Valley river, in Cherokee county, North Carolina.
+
+Talihina--given as the name of the Cherokee wife of Samuel Houston;
+the form cannot be identified.
+
+Talikwa` (commonly written Tellico, Teliquo or, in the Indian
+Territory, Tahlequah)--the name of several Cherokee settlements at
+different periods, viz.: 1. Great Tellico, at Tellico Plains, on
+Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tenn.; 2. Little Tellico, on Tellico
+creek of Little Tennessee river, about ten miles below Franklin,
+Macon county, N. C. 3. a town on Valley river, about five miles above
+Murphy, in Cherokee county, N. C.; 4. Tahlequah, established as the
+capital of the Cherokee Nation, Ind. Ter., in 1839. The meaning of
+the name is lost.
+
+Tali`wa--the site of a traditional battle between the Cherokee and
+Creeks about 1755, on Mountain (?) creek of Etowah river in upper
+Georgia. Probably not a Cherokee but a Creek name from the Creek
+ta`lua or ita`lua, town.
+
+Talking-rock--see Nunyu-gunwani`ski.
+
+Tallulah--see Talulu`.
+
+Tal-tsu`ska`--"Two-heads," from ta`li, two, and tsu`ska`, plural of
+uska`, (his) head. A Cherokee chief about the year 1800, known to
+the whites as Doublehead.
+
+taluli--pregnant; whence aluli`, (she is) "a mother," said of a woman.
+
+Talulu` (commonly Tallulah, and appearing in old documents, from the
+Lower dialect, as Taruraw, Toruro, Turoree, etc.)--a name occurring in
+two or more places in the old Cherokee country, viz.: 1. An ancient
+settlement on the upper part of Tallulah river, in Rabun county,
+Georgia; 2. a town on Tallulah creek of Cheowa river, in Graham county,
+N. C. The word is of uncertain etymology. The dulu`si frog is said
+to cry talulu`. The noted falls upon Tallulah river are known to the
+Cherokee as Ugun`yi, q. v.
+
+Taluntiski--see Ata`lunti`ski.
+
+Tama`li--a name, commonly written Tomotley or Tomatola, occurring in
+at least two places in the old Cherokee country, viz.: 1. On Valley
+river, a few miles above Murphy, about the present Tomatola, in
+Cherokee county, N. C. 2. on Little Tennessee river, about Tomotley
+ford, a few miles above Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tenn. The
+name cannot be translated, and may be of Creek origin, as that tribe
+had a town of the same name upon the lower Chattahoochee river.
+
+Tanasi`--a name which cannot be analyzed, commonly spelled Tennessee,
+occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country, viz.: 1. On
+Little Tennessee river about half-way between Citico and Toco creeks,
+in Monroe county, Tenn. 2. "Old Tennessee town," on Hiwassee river, a
+short distance above the junction of Ocoee, in Polk county, Tenn. 3. On
+Tennessee creek, a head-stream of Tuckasegee river, in Jackson county,
+N. C. Tanasqui, visited by Pardo in 1567, may have been another place
+of the same name.
+
+Tanasqui--see Tanasi`.
+
+Ta`ski`gi (abbreviated from Ta`skigi`yi or Da`skigi`yi, the locative
+yi being commonly omitted)--a name variously written Tae-keo-ge
+(misprint), Tasquiqui, Teeskege, Tuscagee, Tuskegee, etc., derived from
+that of a foreign tribe incorporated with the Cherokee, and occurring
+as a local name both in the Cherokee and in the Creek country. 1. The
+principal settlement of this name was on Little Tennessee river, just
+above the junction of Tellico, in Monroe county, Tenn.; 2. another
+was on the north bank of Tennessee river, just below Chattanooga,
+Tennessee; 3. another may have been on Tuskegee creek of Little
+Tennessee river, near Robbinsville, Graham county, N. C.
+
+Tasquiqui--see Ta`ski`gi.
+
+Tassel, Old--see Utsi`dsata`.
+
+Tatsi`--"Dutch," also written Tahchee, a western Cherokee chief
+about 1830.
+
+Tatsu`hwa--the redbird.
+
+tawa`li--punk.
+
+Tawa`li-ukwanun`ti--"Punk-plugged-in," from tawa`li, punk; the Cherokee
+name of a traditional Shawano chief.
+
+tawi`ska, tawi`skage--smooth, slick.
+
+Tawi`skala--"Flint"; a Cherokee supernatural, the personification
+of the rock flint; tawi`skalun`ti, tawi`skala, flint, from tawi`ska,
+smooth, slick; cf. Iroquois Tawiskaron.
+
+Tayunksi--a traditional western tribe; the name cannot be analyzed.
+
+Tellico--see Talikwa`.
+
+telun`lati--the summer grape (Vitis aestivalis).
+
+Tenaswattee--see Ku`saweti`yi.
+
+Terrapin--see Tuksi`.
+
+tewa--a flying squirrel; sala`li, gray squirrel; kiyu ga, ground
+squirrel.
+
+Thomas, W. H.--see Wil-usdi`.
+
+Tikwali`tsi--a name occurring in several places in the old Cherokee
+country, viz.: 1. Tuckalegee creek, a tributary of War-Woman creek,
+east of Clayton, in Rabun county, Ga.; 2. the Tikiwali`tsi of the
+story, an important town on Tuckasegee river at the present Bryson
+City, in Swain county, N. C. 3. Tuckalechee cove, on Little river,
+in Blount county, Tenn., which probably preserves the aboriginal
+local name. The name appears in old documents as Tuckarechee (Lower
+dialect) and Tuckalegee, and must not be confounded with Tsiksi`tsi
+or Tuckasegee. It cannot be translated.
+
+Timossy--see Tomassee.
+
+Tlage`si--"Field"; the Cherokee name for Lieutenant-Colonel
+W. W. Stringfield of Waynesville, N. C., one of the officers of
+the Cherokee contingent in the Thomas Legion. It is an abbreviated
+rendering of his proper name.
+
+tlage`situn`--a song form for tlage`sia-stun`i, "on the edge of the
+field," from a stream.
+
+tla`meha--bat (dialectic forms, tsa`meha, tsa`weha).
+
+tlanu`si`--leech (dialectic form, tsanu`si`).
+
+Tlanusi`yi (abbreviated Tlanusi`)--"Leech place," former important
+settlement at the junction of Hiwassee and Valley river, the present
+site of Murphy, in Cherokee county, N. C.; also a point on Nottely
+river, a few miles distant, in the same county. The name appears also
+as Clennuse, Klausuna, Quoneashee, etc.
+
+tla`nuwa (dialetic forms, tsa`nuwa`, su`nawa`, "sinnawah")--a mythic
+great hawk.
+
+tla`nuwa`usdi--"little tla`nuwa`"; probably the goshawk (Astur
+atricapillus).
+
+Tla`nuwa`atsi Yelun`isun`yi--"where the Tla`nuwa cut it up,"
+from tla`nuwa`, q. v., and tsiyelun`isku`, an archaic form for
+tsigunilun`isku`, "I am cutting it up." A place on Little Tennessee
+river, nearly opposite the entrance of Citico creek, in Blount
+county, Tenn.
+
+Tla`nuwa`i--"Tla`nuwa place," a cave on the north side of Tennessee
+river, a short distance below the entrance of Citico creek, in Blount
+county, Tenn.
+
+tlayku`--jay (dialectic form, tsayku`).
+
+tlunti`sti--the pheasant (Bonasa umbella), called locally grouse
+or partridge.
+
+tluntu`tsi--panther (dialectic form, tsuntu`ski).
+
+tlutlu`--the martin bird (dialectic form, tsutsu`).
+
+Tocax--a place, apparently in the Cherokee country, visited by Pardo
+in 1567. It may possibly have a connection with Toxaway (see Duksa`i)
+or Toccoa (see Tagwa`hi).
+
+Toccoa--see Tagwa`hi.
+
+Toco--see Dakwa`i.
+
+Tollunteeskee--see Ata`lunti`ski.
+
+Tomassee (also written Timossy and Tymahse)--the name of two or more
+former Cherokee settlements, viz.: 1. On Tomassee creek of Keowee
+river, in Oconee county, S. C.; 2. On Little Tennessee river, near
+the entrance of Burningtown creek, in Macon county, N. C. The correct
+form and interpretation are unknown.
+
+Tomatola, Tomotley--see Tama`li.
+
+Tooantuh--see Du`stu`.
+
+Toogelah--see Dugilu`yi.
+
+Toqua--see Dakwa`i.
+
+Toxaway--see Dukas`i.
+
+Track Rock gap--see Datsu`nalasgun`yi.
+
+Tsaga`si--a Cherokee sprite.
+
+tsa`gi--upstream, up the road; the converse of ge`i.
+
+Tsaiyi`--see Untsaiyi`.
+
+Tsa`ladihi`--Chief N. J. Smith of the East Cherokee. The name might
+be rendered "Charley-killer," from Tsali, "Charley," and dihi`,
+"killer" (in composition), but is really a Cherokee equivalent for
+Jarrett (Tsaladi`), his middle name, by which he was frequently
+addressed. Cf. Tagwadihi.
+
+tsal-agayun`li--"old tobacco," from tsalu, tobacco, and agayun`li or
+agayun`lige, old, ancient; the Nicotiana rustica or wild tobacco.
+
+Tsa`lagi` (Tsa`ragi` in Lower dialect)--the correct form of Cherokee.
+
+Tsa`li--Charley; a Cherokee shot for resisting the troops at the time
+of Removal.
+
+tsaliyu`sti--"tobacco-like," from tsalu, tobacco, and iyu`sti, like;
+a generic name for the cardinal-flower, mullein and related species.
+
+tsalu or tsalun (in the Lower dialect, tsaru)--tobacco; by comparison
+with kindred forms the other Iroquoian dialects the meaning "fire to
+hold in the mouth" seems to be indicated. Lanman spells it tso-lungh.
+
+tsameha--see tla`meha.
+
+tsa`nadiska`--for tsandiskai`, "they say."
+
+tsana`seha`i`--"so they say," "they say about him."
+
+tsane`ni--the scorpion lizard; also called gi`ga-danegi`ski, q. v.
+
+Tsani--John.
+
+Tsantawu`--a masculine name which cannot be analyzed.
+
+Tsan-uga`sita--"Sour John"; the Cherokee name for General John Sevier,
+and also the boy name of the Chief John Ross, afterward known as
+Gu`wisguwi`, q. v. Sikwi`a, a Cherokee attempt at "Sevier," is a
+masculine name upon the East Cherokee reservation.
+
+tsanu`si`--see tlanu`si`.
+
+tsa`nuwa`--see tla`nuwa`.
+
+Tsa`ragi`--Cherokee.
+
+tsaru--see tsalu.
+
+Tsasta`wi--a noted hunter formerly living upon Nantahala river,
+in Macon county, North Carolina; the meaning of the name is doubtful.
+
+Tsatanu`gi (commonly spelled Chattanooga)--the Cherokee name for
+some point upon the creek entering Tennessee river at the city of
+Chattanooga, in Hamilton county, Tennessee. It has no meaning in the
+Cherokee language and appears to be of foreign origin. The ancient
+name for the site of the present city is Atla`nuwa, q. v. Before the
+establishment of the town the place was known to the whites as Ross'
+landing, from a store kept there by Lewis Ross, brother of the chief,
+John Ross.
+
+Tsatu`gi (commonly written Chattooga or Chatuga)--a name occurring
+in two or three places in the old Cherokee country, but apparently of
+foreign origin. Possible Cherokee derivations are from words signifying
+respectively "he drank by sips," from gatu`gia`, "I sip," or "he has
+crossed the stream and come out upon the other side," from gatu`gi,
+"I have crossed," etc. An ancient settlement of this name was on
+Chattooga river, a headstream of Savannah river, on the boundary
+between South Carolina and Georgia; another appears to have been on
+upper Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tennessee; another may have been
+on Chattooga river, a tributary of the Coosa, in northwestern Georgia.
+
+Tsa`wa Gakski--Joe Smoker, from Tsawa, "Joe," and gakski, "smoker,"
+from ga`gisku, "I am smoking." The Cherokee name for Chief Joel
+B. Mayes, of the Cherokee Nation west.
+
+Tsawa`si--a Cherokee sprite.
+
+tsa`weha--see tla`meha.
+
+tsay ku`--see tlay ku`.
+
+Tsek`sini`--a Cherokee form for the name of General Andrew Jackson.
+
+Tsesa`ni--Jessan, probably a derivative from Jesse; a masculine name
+upon the East Cherokee reservation.
+
+Tse`si-Ska`tsi--"Scotch Jesse"; Jesse Reid, present chief of the East
+Cherokee, so-called because of mixed Scotch ancestry.
+
+tsetsani`li--"thy two elder brothers" (male speaking); "my elder
+brother" (male speaking), ungini`li.
+
+Tsgagun`yi--"Insect place," from tsgaya, insect, and yi, locative. A
+cave in the ridge eastward from Franklin, in Macon county, N. C.
+
+tsgaya--insect, worm, etc.
+
+Tsikama`gi--a name, commonly spelled Chickamauga, occurring in
+at least two places in the old Cherokee country, which has lost
+any meaning in Cherokee and appears to be of foreign origin. It
+is applied to a small creek at the head of Chattahoochee river,
+in White county, Ga., and also to the district about the southern
+(not the northern) Chickamauga creek, coming into Tennessee river,
+a few miles above Chattanooga, in Hamilton county, Tenn. In 1777,
+the more hostile portion of the Cherokee withdrew from the rest of
+the tribe, and established here a large settlement, from which they
+removed about five years later to settle lower down the Tennessee,
+in what were known as the Chickamauga towns or Five Lower towns.
+
+tsiki`--a word which renders emphatic that which it follows: as a`stu,
+"very good," astu` tsiki, "best of all."
+
+tsikiki`--the katydid; the name is an onomatope.
+
+tsi`kilili`--the Carolina chickadee (Parus carolinensis); the name
+is an onomatope.
+
+Tsiksi`tsi (Tuksi`tsi is dialectic form; commonly written
+Tuckasegee)--1. a former Cherokee settlement about the junction of the
+two forks of Tuckasegee, above Webster, in Jackson county, N. C. (not
+to be confounded with Tikwali`tsi, q. v.). 2. A former settlement
+on a branch of Brasstown creek of Hiwassee river, in Towns county,
+Ga. The word has lost its meaning.
+
+Tsi`nawi--a Cherokee wheelwright, perhaps the first in the Nation to
+make a spinning-wheel and loom. The name cannot be analyzed.
+
+tsine`u--"I am picking it (something long) up"; in the Lower and
+Middle dialects, tsinigi`u.
+
+tsinigi`u--see tsine`u.
+
+tsiska`gili--the large red crawfish; the ordinary crawfish is called
+tsistu`na.
+
+tsi`skwa--bird.
+
+tsiskwa`gwa--robin, from tsi`skwa, bird.
+
+Tsiskwa`hi--"Bird place," from tsi`skwa, bird, and hi,
+locative. Birdtown settlement on the East Cherokee reservation,
+in Swain county, N. C.
+
+tsiskwa`ya--sparrow, literally "principal bird" (i. e., most widely
+distributed), from tsi`skwa, bird, and ya, a suffix denoting principal
+or real.
+
+Tsiskwunsdi`adsisti`yi--"where they killed Little-bird," from
+Tsiskwunsdi, "little birds" (plural form.) A place near the head of
+West Buffalo creek, southeast of Robbinsville, in Graham county, N. C.
+
+Tsilalu`hi--"Sweet-gum place," from tsila`lu`, sweet gum (Liquidambar)
+and hi, locative. A former settlement on a small branch of Brasstown
+creek of Hiwassee river, just within the line of Towns county,
+Ga. The name is incorrectly rendered Gum-log (creek).
+
+Tsistetsi`yi--"Mouse place," from tsistetsi, mouse, and yi, locative. A
+former settlement on South Mouse creek, of Hiwassee river, in Bradley
+county, Tenn. The present town of Cleveland, upon the same creek,
+is known to the Cherokee under the same name.
+
+tsist-imo `gosto--"rabbit foods" (plural), from tsi`stu, rabbit,
+and uni`gisti, plural of agi`sti, food, from tsiyi`giu "I am eating"
+(soft food). The wild rose.
+
+tsistu--rabbit.
+
+tsistu`na--crawfish; the large-horned beetle is also so called. The
+large red crawfish is called tsiska`gili.
+
+Tsistu`yi--"Rabbit place," from tsistu, rabbit, and yi,
+locative. 1. Gregory bald, high peak of the Great Smoky range,
+eastward from Little Tennessee river, on the boundary between Swain
+county, N. C., and Blount county, Tenn. 2. A former settlement on
+the north bank of Hiwassee river at the entrance of Chestua creek,
+in Polk county, Tenn, The name of Choastea creek of Tugaloo river, in
+Oconee county, S. C., is probably also a corruption from the same word.
+
+Tsiya`hi--"Otter place," from tsiyu, otter, and yi, locative; variously
+spelled Cheowa, Cheeowhee, Chewohe, Chewe, etc. 1. A former settlement
+on a branch of Keowee river, near the present Cheohee, Oconee county,
+S. C. 2. A former and still existing Cherokee settlement on Cheowa
+river, about Robbinsville, in Graham county, N. C. 3. A former
+settlement in Cades Cove, on Cove creek, in Blount county, Tenn.
+
+Tsi`yi-gunsi`ni--"He is dragging a canoe," from tsi`yu, canoe
+(cf. tsi`yu) otter, and gunsi`ni, "he is dragging it." "Dragging
+Canoe," a prominent leader of the hostile Cherokee in the
+Revolution. The name appears in documents as Cheucunsene and Kunnesee.
+
+Tskil-e`gwa--"Big-witch," from atsikili`, or tskilu`, witch, owl, and
+e`gwa, big; an old man of the East Cherokee, who died in 1896. Although
+translated Big-witch by the whites, the name is understood by the
+Indians to mean Big-owl, having been originally applied to a white
+man living on the same clearing, and noted for his large staring eyes.
+
+tskili` (contracted from atskili`)--1. witch; 2. the dusky-horned owl
+(Bubo virginianus saturatus).
+
+tskwa`yi--the great white heron or American egret. (Herodias egretta).
+
+Tsolungh--see tsalu.
+
+Tsuda`ye lun`yi--"Isolated place"; an isolated peak near the head of
+Cheowa river, northeast of Robbinsville, in Graham county, N. C. The
+root of the word signifies detached, or isolated, whence Uda`ye lun`yi,
+the Cherokee outlet, in Ind. Ter.
+
+Tsunda`talesun`yi--"where pieces fall off," i. e., where the banks are
+caving in; from adatale`i, "it is falling off," ts, distance prefix,
+"there," and yi, locative. The Cherokee name for the present site
+of Memphis, Tenn., overlooking the Mississippi and formerly known as
+the Chickasaw bluff.
+
+Tsu`dinunti`yi--"Throwing-down place"; a former settlement on lower
+Nantahala river, in Macon county, N. C.
+
+Tsugidu`li ulsgi`sti (from tsugidu`li, plural of ugiduli, one of
+the long wing or tail feathers of a bird, and ulsgi`sti or ulsgi`ta,
+a dance)--the feather or eagle dance.
+
+Tsukilunnun`yi--"Where he alighted"; two bald spots on a mountain at
+the head of a Little Snowbird creek, near Robbinsville, Graham county,
+N. C.
+
+tsungili`si--plural of ungili`si, q. v.
+
+tsungini`si--plural of ungini`si, q. v.
+
+tsunkina`tli--"my younger brothers" (male speaking).
+
+tsunkita`--"my younger brothers" (female speaking).
+
+tsula--fox; cf. tsulu, kingfisher and tlutlu` or tsulsu`, martin. The
+black fox is ina`li. The Creek word for fox is chula.
+
+tsula`ski--alligator; the name is of uncertain etymology.
+
+Tsula`sinun`yi--"Footprint place." A place on Tuckasee river, about
+a mile above Deep creek, in Swain county, N. C.
+
+Tsula`wi--see Tsulunwe`i.
+
+Tsule`hisanun`hi--"Resurrected One," from di`gwale`hisanun`hi, "I
+was resurrected." literally, "I was down and have risen." Tsa`lagi`,
+Tsule`hisanunhi, the Cherokee title of the newspaper known to the
+whites as the Cherokee Phoenix. The Cherokee title was devised by
+Worcester and Boudinot as suggesting the idea of the phoenix of
+classic fable. The Indian name of the recent "Cherokee Advocate"
+is Tsa`lagi Asdeli`ski.
+
+Tsul kalu`--"Slanting-eyes," literally "he has them slanting" (or
+leaning up against something); the prefix ts makes it a plural form,
+and the name is understood to refer to the eyes, although the word
+eye (akta`, plural dikta`) is not a part of it. Cf. Ata`-gulkalu. A
+mythic giant and ruler of the game. The name has been corrupted to
+Jutaculla and Tuli-cula. Jutaculla rock and Jutaculla old fields
+about the head of Tuckasegee river, in Jackson, North Carolina,
+take their name from him.
+
+Tsulkalu` tsunegun`yi--see Tsunegun`yi.
+
+tsulie`na--the nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis); the word signifies
+literally "deaf" (a plural form referring to the ear, gule`) although
+no reason is given for such a name.
+
+tsulu--kingfisher. Cf. tsula.
+
+Tsulunwe`i--(abbreviated Tsulun`we or Tsula`wi, possibly connected
+with tsulu, kingfisher)--Chilhowee creek, a north tributary of Little
+Tennessee river, in Blount county, Tennessee.
+
+Tsundanilti`yi--"where they demanded the debt from him"; a place
+on Little Santeetal river, west of Robbinsville, in Graham county,
+North Carolina. The creek also is commonly known by the same name.
+
+Tsundige`wi--"Closed anuses," literally "they have them closed,"
+understood to refer to the anus; from dige`wi, plural of ge`wi,
+closed, stopped up, blind; cf. Tsulkalu`; also Gulisge`wi, "Blind,
+or closed, ears," an old personal name.
+
+Tsun`digwun`tski (contracted from tsun`digwuntsugi, "they have them
+forked," referring to the peculiar forked tail; cf. Tsulkalu`)--a
+migratory bird which once appeared for a short time upon the East
+Cherokee reservation, apparently, from the description, the scissortail
+or swallow-tailed fly-catcher (Milvulus forficatus).
+
+Tsunegun`yi (sometimes called Tsulkalu` Tsunegun`yi)--Tennessee Bald,
+at the extreme head of Tuckasegee river, on the east line of Jackson
+county, North Carolina. The name seems to mean "there where it is
+white," from ts, a prefix indicating distance, une`ga, white, and
+yi, locative.
+
+Tsunil` kalu--the plural form for Tsul kalu, q. v., a traditional
+giant tribe in the west.
+
+tsunis`tsahi--"(those) having topnots or crests," from ustsahu`,
+"having a topknot," ustsahi`, "he has a topknot" (habitually).
+
+Tsuniya`tiga--"Naked People"; literally "They are naked there," from
+uya`tiga, naked (singular), with the prefix ts, indicating distance. A
+traditional western tribe.
+
+tsun-ka`wi-ye`, tsun-sikwa-ya`, tsun-tsu`la-ya`, tsun-wa`ya-ya`--"I
+am (tsun or tsi, verbal prefix) a real (ya, ye, noun suffix) deer"
+(kawi`, archaic for a wi`); opossum, si`kwa; fox, tsula; wolf,
+waya. Archaic song forms.
+
+tsunsdi`--contracted from tsunsdi`ga, the plural of usdi`ga or usdi`,
+small.
+
+Tsunu`lahun`ski--"He tries, but fails" (habitually), from
+detsinu`lahun`ski (q. v.), "I tried, but failed." A former noted chief
+among the East Cherokee, commonly known to the whites as Junaluska. In
+early life he was called Gulkala`ski, a name which denotes something
+habitually falling from a leaning position (cf. Ata-gul kalu` and
+Tsul kalu`).
+
+tsunu` liyu`sunestla`ta--"they have split noses," (from agwaliyu`,
+"I have it," and unestlau`, "it is cracked" (as a crack made by the
+sun's heat in a log or in the earth)); the initial s makes it refer
+to the nose, kayasa`.
+
+Tsusgina`i--"the Ghost country," from asgi`na, "ghost," i, locative,
+and ts, a prefix denoting distance. The land of the dead; it is
+situated in Usunhi`yi, the Twilight land, in the west.
+
+Tsuta`tsinasun`yi--"Eddy place." A place on Cheowa river at the mouth
+of Cochran creek, in Graham county, N. C.
+
+tsutsu`--see tlutlu`.
+
+tsuntu`tsi--see tluntu`tsi.
+
+tsuwa`--the mud-puppy or water dog (Menopoma or Protonopsis).
+
+Tsuwa`tel`da--a contraction of tsuwa`teldun`yi; the name has lost its
+meaning. Pilot Knob, north from Brevard, in Transylvania county, N. C.
+
+Tsuwa`-uniytsun`yi--"where the water-dog laughed." from tsuwa`, q. v.,
+"water-dog," uniye`tsu, "they laughed" (agiyet`sku, "I am laughing")
+and yi, locative; Tusquittee Bald, near Hayesville, in Clay county,
+N. C.
+
+Tsuwe`nahi--A traditional hunter, in communication with the invisible
+people. The name seems to mean "He has them in abundance," an
+irregular or archaic form for Uwe`nai, "he has abundance," "he is
+rich," from agwe`nai`, "I am rich." As a masculine name it is used
+as the equivalent of Richard.
+
+Tuckalechee--see Tikwah`tsi.
+
+Tuckasegee--see Tsiksi`tsi.
+
+Tugaloo--see Dugilu`yi.
+
+tugalu`--the cry of the dagulku, goose.
+
+tugalu`na--a variety of small fish, about four inches long, frequenting
+the larger streams (from galu`na, a gourd, on account of its long
+nose).
+
+tuksi`--the terrapin or land tortoise; also the name of a Cherokee
+chief about the close of the Revolution. Saligu`gi, common turtle;
+soft-shell turtle, U`lana`wa.
+
+Tuksi`tsi--see Tsiksi`tsi.
+
+Tuli-cula--see Tsui`kalu`.
+
+tulsku`wa--"he snaps with his head," from uska`, head; the snapping
+beetle.
+
+Tuna`i--a traditional warrior and medicine man of old Itsa`ti; the
+name cannot be analyzed.
+
+Turkeytown--see Gun-di`gaduhun`yi.
+
+Turniptown--see U`lunyi.
+
+Tuskegee--see Ta`ski`gi.
+
+Tusquittee Bald--see Tsuwa`-uniyetsun`yi.
+
+Tusquittee creek--see Daskwitun`yi.
+
+tu`sti--for tusti`ga, a small bowl; larger jars are called diwa`li
+and unti`ya.
+
+tuti--snowbird.
+
+Tuti`yi--"Snowbird place," from tu`ti, snowbird, and yi,
+locative. Little Snow-bird creek of Cheowa river, in Graham county,
+N. C.
+
+tu`tsahyesi`--"he will marry you."
+
+tu`ya--bean.
+
+tu`ya-diskalaw`sti`ski--see ti`gu.
+
+tu`yahusi`--"she will die."
+
+Tymahse--see Tomassee.
+
+
+
+Uchee--see Ani`-Yu`tsi.
+
+uda`hale`yi--"on the sunny side."
+
+uda`i--the baneberry or cohosh vine (Actaea?). The name signifies
+that the plant has something long hanging from it.
+
+uda`li--"(it is) married"; the mistletoe, so-called on account of
+its parasitic habit.
+
+U`dawagun`ta--"Bald." A bald mountain of the Great Smoky range,
+in Yancy county, N. C., not far from Mount Mitchell.
+
+Udsi`skala--a masculine name.
+
+uga`sita--sour.
+
+u`giska`--"he is swallowing it"; from tsikiu`, "I am eating."
+
+u`guku`--the hooting or barred owl.
+
+ugunste`li (ugunste`lu in dialect form)--the horny-head fish.
+
+Ugun`yi--Tallulah falls, on the river of that name, northeast from
+Clarksville, in Habersham county, Ga. The meaning of the name is lost.
+
+Uilata--see U`tlun`ta.
+
+uk-ku`suntsuteti`--"it will twist up one's arm."
+
+Uk-ku`suntsuti`--"Bent-bow-shape"; a comic masculine name.
+
+Uk-kunagi`sti--"it will draw down one's eye."
+
+Uk-kwunagi`ta--"eye-drawn-down"; a comic masculine name.
+
+uksu`hi--the mountain blacksnake or black racer (coluber obsoletus);
+the name seems to refer to some pecularity of the eye, akta`, uksuhha`,
+"he has something lodged in his eye."
+
+Ukte`na--"Keen-eyed (?)" from akta`, eye, akta`ti, to examine
+closely. A mythic great-horned serpent, with a talismanic diadem.
+
+Ukte`na-tsuganun`yi--"where the Uktena got fastened." A spot on
+Tuckasegee river, about two miles above Bryson City, in Swain county,
+N. C.
+
+Ukwu`nu (or Ukwu`ni)--a former Cherokee settlement, commonly known
+to the whites as Oconee, on Seneca creek, near the present Walhalla,
+in Oconee county, S. C.
+
+Ula`gu`--the mythical original of the yellow-jacket tribe. The word
+signifies "leader," "boss," or "principal one," and is applied to the
+first yellow-jacket (d`ska`i) seen in the spring, to a queen bee and
+to the leader of a working squad.
+
+u`lana`wa--the soft-shell turtle; see also saligu`gi and tuksi`.
+
+ulasu`la--moccasin, shoe.
+
+ule`--and; ule`-nu, and also.
+
+ulskwulte`gi--a "pound mill," a self-acting water-mill used in the
+Cherokee mountains. The name signifies that "it butts with its head"
+(Uska`, head), in allusion to the way in which the pestles work in
+the mortar. The generic word for mill is dist`sti.
+
+ulstitlu`--literally "it is on his head." The diamond crest on the
+head of the mythic Uktena serpent. When detached it becomes Ulunsu`ti.
+
+Ultiwa`i--a former Cherokee settlement above the present Ooltewah,
+on the creek of the same name, in James county, Tenn.
+
+ulunni`ta--domesticated, tame; may be used for persons as well as
+animals, but not for plants; for cultivated or domesticated plants
+the adjective is gunutlun`i or gunusun`i.
+
+Ulunsu`ti--"Transparent"; the great talismanic crystal of the Cherokee.
+
+ulun`ta--"it has climbed," from tsilahi`, "I am climbing"; the poison
+oak (Rhus radicans).
+
+U`lun`yi--"Tuber place," from U`li`, a variety of edible tuber, and yi,
+locative. A former settlement upon Turniptown, (for U`lun`yi) creek,
+above Ellijay, in Gilmer county, Ga.
+
+Unacala--see Uni`gadihi`.
+
+U`nadanti`yi--"Place where they conjured," the name of a gap about
+three miles east of Webster, in Jackson county, N. C., and now
+transferred to the town itself.
+
+unade`na--woolly, downy, (in speaking of animals); uwa`nu, wool,
+down, fine fur (detached from the animal).
+
+u`nahu`--see unahwi`.
+
+u`nahi`--heart; in Middle and Lower dialects, unahu`.
+
+Unaka--see une`ga and Unicoi.
+
+unatlunwe`hitu--"it has spirals"; a plant (unidentified) used in
+conjuration.
+
+une`ga--white.
+
+une`guhi--"he is (was) mischievous or bad"; tsune`guhi`yu, "you are
+very mischievous" (said to a child).
+
+une`gutsatu`--"(he is) mischievous"; a`gine`gutsatu`, "I am
+mischievous."
+
+Une`lanun`hi--"The Apportioner"; "I am apportioning," gane`lasku`;
+"I apportion" (habitually), gane`laski. In the sacred formulas a
+title of the Sun God; in the Bible the name of God.
+
+une`stalun--ice.
+
+Unicoi--the map name of the Unicoi turnpike, of a gap on the watershed
+between Chattahoochee and Hiwassee river, in Georgia, and of a county
+in Tennessee. Probably a corruption of une`ga, white, whence comes
+also Unaka, the present map name of a part of the Great Smoky range.
+
+uni`gisti--foods; singular, agi`sti.
+
+Uniga`yata`ti`yi--"where they made a fish trap," from uga`yatun`i,
+fish trap, and yi, locative; a place on Tuckasegee river, at the
+mouth of Deep creek, near Bryson City, in Swain county, N. C.
+
+Uni`haluna--see Ahalu`na.
+
+Unika`wa--the "Town-house dance," so-called because danced inside
+the town-house.
+
+Une`ga-dihi`--"White-man-killer"; from une`ga, "white," for
+yun`wune`ga, "white person," and dihi`, a noun suffix denoting
+"killer," "he kills them" (habitually). A Cherokee chief, whose name
+appears on the documents about 1790.
+
+ungida`--"thy two elder brothers" (male speaking).
+
+ungini`li--"my elder brother."
+
+ungini`si (plural, tsungini`si)--"my daughter's child."
+
+u`niskwetu`gi--"they wear a hat," ulskwe`tawa`, hat from uska`,
+head. The May apple (Podophyllum).
+
+unistilun`isti--"they stick on along their whole length"; the generic
+name for "stickers" and burrs, including the Spanish needle, cockle
+burr, jimson weed, etc.
+
+uni`tsi--her mother; agitsi`, my mother.
+
+Uniya`hitun`yi--"where they shot it," from tsiya`ihu`. "I shot,"
+and yi, locative. A place on Tuckasegee river a short distance above
+Bryson City, in Swain county, N. C.
+
+Unli`ta--"(He is) long-winded," an archaic form for the regular word,
+gunli`ta; an old masculine name. A chief about the year 1790, known
+to the whites as "The Breath."
+
+Untoola--see Dihiyun`dula`.
+
+Unta`kiyasti`yi--"Where they race," from takiya`ta, a race, and yi,
+locative; locally corrupted to Tahkeyostee. The district on the French
+Broad river, around Asheville, in Buncombe county, N. C. The town
+itself is known to the Cherokee as Kasdu`yi, "Ashes place," (from
+kasdu, ashes, and yi, locative), which is intended as a translation
+of its proper name.
+
+Un`tiguhi`--"Pot in water," from or unti`ya, pot, and guli`, "it is
+in the water" (or other liquid, habitually). The Suck, a dangerous
+rapid in Tennessee river, at the entrance of Suck creek, about eight
+miles below Chattanooga, Tenn.
+
+Untlasgasti`yi--"Where they scratched"; a place at the head of Hyatt's
+creek of Valley river, in Cherokee county, N. C.
+
+Untoola--see Dihyun`dula`.
+
+Untsaili` (also Etsaiyi`, or Tsaiyi`, the first syllable being almost
+silent)--"Brass."
+
+unwada`li--store-house, provision house.
+
+Unwada-tsu`gilasun`--"Where the storehouse (unwada`li) was taken
+off." Either Black Rock or Jones' Knob, northeast of Webster, on the
+east line of Jackson county, N. C.
+
+unun`ti--milk.
+
+usdi`ga (abbreviated usdi`)--small; plural tsunsdi`ga, tsundi`.
+
+usga`se`ti`yu--very dangerous, very terrible; intensive of usga`se`ti.
+
+Uskwale`na--"Big-Head," from uska`, head; a masculine name, perhaps
+the original of the "Bull-head," given by Haywood as the name of a
+former noted Cherokee warrior.
+
+Uskwa`li-gu`ta--"His stomach hangs down," from uskwa`li, his stomach,
+and gu`ta, "it hangs down." A prominent chief of the Revolutionary
+period, known to the whites as Hanging-maw.
+
+U`stana`li (from U`stanala`hi or uni`stana`la (a plural form), denoting
+a natural barrier of rocks (plural) across a stream)--a name occurring
+in several places in the old Cherokee country, and variously spelled
+Eastinaulee, Eastinora, Estanaula, Eustenaree, Istanare, Oostanaula,
+Oostinawley, Ustenary, etc.
+
+u`stuti--see utsu`gi.
+
+Ustu`tli--a traditional dangerous serpent. The name signifies having
+something on the calf of the leg or on the heel, from ustutun`i
+"(his) calf of the leg (attached)." It is applied also to the Southern
+hoop-snake.
+
+Usunhi`yi--the "Darkening land," "where it is always getting dark,"
+as at twilight. The name used for the west in the myths and the sacred
+formulas; the common word is wude`ligun`yi, "there where it (the sun)
+goes down."
+
+u`tanu--great, fully developed. Cf. e`gwa.
+
+utawa`hilu--"hand breadth," from uwa`yi, hand. A figurative term used
+in the myths and sacred formulas.
+
+U`tawagun`ta--"Bald place." A high bald peak in the Great Smoky range
+on the Tenn.-N. C. line, northeast from Big Pigeon river.
+
+U`tlun`ta--"He (or she) has it sharp," i. e., has some sharp part
+or organ; it might be used of a tooth, a finger-nail, or some other
+attached part of the body.
+
+U`tluntun`yi--"U`tlun`ta place"; see U`tlun`ta. A place on Little
+Tennessee river, nearly off Citico creek, in Blount county, Tenn.
+
+U`tsala--"Lichen"; another form of utsale`ta. A Cherokee chief of
+Removal period in 1838.
+
+utsale`ta--lichen, literally "pot scrapings," from a fancied
+resemblance.
+
+utsa`nati`--rattlesnake; the name is of doubtful etymology, but is
+said to refer to the rattle.
+
+Utsa`nati`yi--"Rattlesnake place." Rattlesnake springs, about two
+miles south from Charlestown, Bradley county, Tenn.
+
+utset`sti--"he grins" (habitually). See si`kwa utset`sti.
+
+utsi`--her (his) mother; etsi`, agitsi`, my mother.
+
+Utsi`dsata`--"Corn-tassel," "Thistle-head," etc. It is used as a
+masculine name, and was probably the Cherokee name of the chief of
+Revolutionary times, known as "Old Tassel."
+
+utsu`gi--the tufted titmouse (Parus bicolor); also called u`stuti`,
+"topnot, or tip," on account of its crest.
+
+u`tsuti`--fish. Also, many.
+
+Uwaga`hi (commonly written Ocoee)--"Apricot place," from uwa`ga,
+the "apricot vines," or "maypop," (Passiflora incarnata), and hi,
+locative. A former important settlement on Ocowe river, near its
+junction with Hiwassee, about the present Benton, in Polk county, Tenn.
+
+uwa`yi--hand, paw, generally used with the possessive suffix, as
+uwaye`ni, "his hand."
+
+uwe`la--liver.
+
+uwe`nahi--rich; used also as a personal name.
+
+Uw`tsun`ta--"Bouncer" (habitual); from k`tsi, "it is bouncing." A
+traditional serpent described as moving by jerks like a measuring worm,
+to which also the name is applied.
+
+Uyahye`--a high peak in the Great Smoky range, probably on the line
+between Swain county, N. C., and Sevier county, Tenn.
+
+Uy`gila`gi--abbreviated from Tsuyu`gila`gi, "where there are dams,"
+i. e., beaver dams; from gu`gilu`unsku`, "he is damming it." 1. A
+former settlement on Oothcaloga (Ougillogy) creek of Oostanaula river,
+near the present Calhoun, in Gordon county, Ga.; 2. Beaverdam creek,
+west of Clarksville, in Habbersham county, Ga.
+
+
+
+Valleytown--see Gu`nahitun`yi.
+
+Vengeance creek--see Gansa`ti`yi.
+
+
+
+Wachesa--see Watsi`su.
+
+wadan`--thanks!
+
+wa`di--paint, especially red paint.
+
+wa`dige-aska`li--"his head (is) brown," i. e., "brown-head"; from
+wadige`i, brown, brown-red, and aska`li, head; the copperhead snake.
+
+Wadi`yahi--a feminine name of doubtful etymology. An expert
+basket-making woman among the East Cherokee, who died in 1895. She
+was known to the whites as Mrs. Bushyhead.
+
+Wafford--see Tsuskwanun`ta.
+
+Wa`ginsi--the name of an eddy at the junction of Little Tennessee and
+the main Tennessee rivers at Lenoir, in London county, Tenn. The town
+is now known to the Cherokee by the same name, of which the meaning
+is lost.
+
+waguli`--whippoorwill; the name is an onomatope; the Delaware name
+is wekolis.
+
+Wahnenauhi--see Wani`nahi.
+
+wa`huhu`--the screech-owl.
+
+wa`ka--cow; from the Spanish vaca, as is also the Creek waga and the
+Arapaho wakuch.
+
+wala`si--the common green frog.
+
+Walasi`yi--"Frog place." 1. A former settlement, known to the whites
+as Frogtown, upon the creek of the same name, north of Dahlonega,
+in Lumpkin county, Ga. 2. Le Conte and Bullhead Mountains in the
+Great Smoky range on the N. C.-Tenn. line, together with the ridge
+extending into Sevier county, Tenn., between the Middle and West
+forks of Little Pigeon river.
+
+walas`-unul`sti--"it fights frogs," from wala`si, frog, and unul`sti,
+"it fights" (habitually); gu`lihu`, "I am fighting." The Prosartes
+lanuginosa plant.
+
+Walas`-unulstiyi`--"Place of the plant," walas`-unul`sti, commonly
+known to the whites as Fightingtown, from a translation of the latter
+part of a name; a former settlement on Fighting creek, near Morgantown,
+in Fannin county, Ga.
+
+Walini`--a feminine name, compounded from Wali, another form of Kwali,
+"Polly," with a suffix added for euphony.
+
+Wane`-asun`tlunyi--"Hickory footlog place," from wane`i, hickory,
+asun-tlun`i (q. v.), footlog, bridge, and yi, locative. A former
+settlement, known to the whites as Hickory-log, on Etowah river,
+a short distance above Canton, in Cherokee county, Ga.
+
+Wani`nahi`--a feminine name of uncertain etymology; the Wahnenauhi
+of the Wahnenauhi manuscript.
+
+Washington--see Wa`situ`na.
+
+Wa`si--the Cherokee form for Moses.
+
+Wa`situ`na, Wa`suntu`na (different dialect forms)--a Cherokee known to
+the whites as Washington, the sole survivor of a Removal tragedy. The
+name denotes a hollow log (or other cylindrical object) lying on the
+ground at a distance; the root of the word is asi`ta, log, and the
+w prefix indicates distance.
+
+Wa`sulu`--a large red-brown moth which flies about blossoming tobacco
+in the evening.
+
+Wata`gi (commonly written Watauga, also Wataga, Wattoogee, Whatoga,
+etc.)--a name occurring in two or more towns in the old Cherokee
+country; one was an important settlement on Watauga creek of Little
+Tennessee river, a few miles below Franklin, in Macon county, N. C.;
+another was traditionally located at Watauga Old Fields, about the
+present Elizabethton on Wateuga river, in Carter county, Tenn. The
+meaning is lost.
+
+Watau`ga--see Wata`gi.
+
+Watsi`sa--a prominent old Cherokee, known to the whites as Wachesa, a
+name which cannot be translated, who formerly lived on Beaverdam creek
+of Hiwassee river, below Murphy, in Cherokee county, N. C. From the
+fact that the Unicoi turnpike passed near his place, it was locally
+known as Wachesa trail.
+
+wa`ya--wolf; an onomatope, an imitation of the animal's howl; cf. the
+Creek name, yaha.
+
+Wa`ya`hi--"Wolf place," i. e., place of the Wolf clan; the form
+Ani`Wa`ya`hi is not used. Wolftown settlement on upper Soco creek,
+on the East Cherokee reservation, in Jackson county, N. C.
+
+Waya Gap--see A`tahi`ta.
+
+Wayeh--see Wayi.
+
+Wayi--"Pigeon"; the modern Cherokee name for Big Pigeon river, in
+western N. C.; probably a translation of the English name. It appears
+also as Wayeh.
+
+Welch, Lloyd--see Da`si`giya`gi.
+
+wesa--cat.
+
+White-path--see Nunna`hi-tsune`ga.
+
+Willstown--a former important settlement, so-called from the half-breed
+chief known to the whites as Red-headed Will, on Will's creek below
+Fort Payne, in Dekalb county, Ala. The settlement was frequently
+called from him Wili`yi, "Will's place," but this was not the proper
+local name.
+
+Wilsini`--The Cherokee name for H. W. Spray, agent and superintendent
+for the East Cherokee reservation; an adaptation of his middle name,
+Wilson.
+
+Wil-usdi`--"Little Will," from Wili`, Will and usdi`ga or usdi`,
+little. The Cherokee name for Colonel W. H. Thomas, for many years
+the recognized chief of the eastern band.
+
+Wissactaw--see gahawi`stia.
+
+Wolftown--see Wa`ya`hi.
+
+Wootassite--see Outacity.
+
+Wrosetasatow--see Outacity.
+
+Wude`ligun`yi--the west; literally "there where it (the sun) goes
+down," (w prefixed implies distance, yi, locative). See also Usunhi`yi
+and wusuhihun`yi.
+
+Wuliga`natutun--excelling all others, either good or bad; it may be
+used as equivalent to wastun, "beyond the limit."
+
+wusuhihun`yi--"there where they stay over night," i. e., "the west." An
+archaic term used by the narrator of the story of Untsaiyi`.
+
+
+
+Xuala--see Ani-Suwa`li.
+
+
+
+ya--a suffix denoting principal or real, as tsiskwa`ya, "principal
+bird," the sparrow; Ani`-Yunwiya`, "principal or real people," Indians.
+
+Yahula`li--"Yahu`la place," from Yuhu`la, a Cherokee trader said to
+have been taken by the spirit people; Yahu`la, seems to be from the
+Creek yoho`lo, a name having reference to the song (yoholo), used in
+the "black drink" ceremony of the Creeks; thus a`si-yoho`lo, corrupted
+into Osceola, signified "the black drink song"; it may, however,
+be a true Cherokee word, yahu`lu or yahu`li, the name for a variety
+of hickory, also for the "doodle-bug"; Unyahu`la is a feminine name,
+but cannot be translated. Yahoola creek, near Dahlonega, in Lumpkin
+county, Ga.
+
+Yala`gi--Alarka creek of Little Tennessee river, above the junction
+of Tuckasegee, in Swain county, N. C.; the meaning of the name is lost.
+
+yandaska`ga--a faultfinder.
+
+Yan-e`gwa--"Big-Bear," from yanu, bear, and egwa, great, large. A
+prominent chief about the year 1800; the name occurs in treaties as
+Yonah, Yohanaqua and Yonahequah.
+
+ya`nu--bear.
+
+Ya`nu-dinehun`yi--"where the bears live," from yanu, bear, dinehu`,
+"they dwell" (e`hu, "I dwell, I live") and yi, locative. A place on
+Oconaluftee river, a short distance above the junction with Tuckasegee,
+in Swain county, N. C.
+
+Yanugun`ski--"the bear drowns him" (habitually), from yanu, bear,
+and tsigun`iska`, "I am drowning him." A noted East Cherokee chief,
+known to the whites as Yonaguska or Drowning-bear.
+
+yan`-utse`stu--"The bear lies on it"; the shield fern (Aspidium).
+
+Ya`nu-u`natawasti`yi--"where the bears wash," (from yanu, bear, and
+yi, locative); a former pond in the Great Smoky Mountains, about the
+head of Raven Fork, in Swain county, N. C.
+
+Yawa`i--"Yawa place"; a place on Yellow creek of Cheowa river, in
+Graham county, N. C.
+
+Yellow-Hill--see Elawa`diyi.
+
+Yohanaqua--see Yan-e`gwa.
+
+yoho-o!--an unmeaning song refrain.
+
+Yonaguska--see Ya`nugun`ski.
+
+Yonah--1. (mountain) see Gadalu`lu. 2. An abbreviated treaty form
+for the name of the chief Yana`gwa.
+
+Yonahequah--see Yan-e`gwa.
+
+Ytaua, Ytava--see I`tawa`.
+
+Yu!--an unmeaning song refrain and interjection.
+
+Yuha`li--Euharlee creek, of lower Etowah river, in Bartow county,
+Ga. The name is said by the Cherokee to be a corruption of Yufala
+(Eufaula), a well known Creek local name.
+
+yunsu`--buffalo; cf. Creek yena`sa, Choctaw yanash, Hichitee ya`nasi.
+
+Yunsa`i--"Buffalo place"; West Buffalo creek of Cheowa river in Graham
+county, N. C.; the site of a former Cherokee settlement.
+
+yun`wi--person, man.
+
+Yun`wi Ama`yine`hi--"Water-dwelling people," from yun`wi, person,
+and ama`yine`hi, plural of amaye`hi, q. v.; a race of water fairies.
+
+Yun`wi Gunahi`ta--"Long Man"; a formulistic name for the river,
+personified as a man with his head resting on the mountain and his
+feet stretching down to the lowlands, who is constantly speaking to
+those who can understand the message.
+
+Yun`wini`gisgi--"man-eaters," literally, "They eat people"
+(habitually), from yun`wi, person, man, and uni, giski, "they eat"
+(habitually), from tsikiu`, "I am eating"; the Cherokee name for a
+distant cannibal tribe, possibly the Atakapa or the Tonkawa.
+
+Yun`wi-tsulenun`yi--"where man stood," originally yun`wi-dikatagun`yi,
+"where the man stands," from yun`wi, person, man, tsita`ga, "I am
+standing," and yi, locative; Standing Indian, a high bald mountain
+at the head of Nantahala river, in Macon county, N. C.
+
+Yun`wi Tsunsdi`--"little people," from yun`wi, person, people,
+and tsunsdi`ga or tsunsdi, plural of usdi`ga or usdi`, little; the
+Cherokee fairies.
+
+Yun`wi Usdi`--"little man." A formulistic name for ginseng,
+a`tali-guli`, q. v.
+
+Yun`wi-usga`se`ti--"dangerous man, terrible man"; a traditional leader
+in the westward migration of Cherokee.
+
+Yun`wiya`--"Indian," literally, "principal or real person," from
+yun`wi, person, and ya, a suffix denoting principal or real.
+
+yu`we-yuwehe`--an unmeaning song refrain.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+NOTE
+
+[1] Colonel Thomas.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Occoneechee, by Robert Frank Jarrett
+
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+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Occoneechee, by Robert Frank Jarrett
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
+other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
+whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
+the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
+www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
+to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
+
+Title: Occoneechee
+       The Maid of the Mystic Lake
+
+Author: Robert Frank Jarrett
+
+Release Date: October 27, 2016 [EBook #53375]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OCCONEECHEE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jeroen Hellingman and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net/ for Project
+Gutenberg (This file was produced from images generously
+made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<div class="front">
+<div class="div1 cover"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e92width"><img src="images/new-cover.jpg" alt=
+"Newly Designed Front Cover." width="480" height="720"></div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div1 frontispiece"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e99width" id="frontispiece"><img src=
+"images/frontispiece.jpg" alt="Robert Frank Jarrett" width="466"
+height="720">
+<p class="figureHead">Robert Frank Jarrett</p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div1 titlepage"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e106width"><img src="images/titlepage.png" alt=
+"Original Title Page." width="458" height="720"></div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="titlePage">
+<div class="docTitle">
+<div class="mainTitle">Occoneechee</div>
+<div class="subTitle">The Maid of the Mystic Lake</div>
+</div>
+<div class="byline">BY<br>
+<span class="docAuthor">ROBERT FRANK JARRETT</span><br>
+Author of &ldquo;Back Home and Other Poems&rdquo;</div>
+<div class="docImprint">THE SHAKESPEARE PRESS<br>
+410 E. 32d Street<br>
+New York<br>
+<span class="docDate">1916</span></div>
+</div>
+<div class="div1 copyright"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first xd23e136">Copyrighted, 1916<br>
+By R. F. Jarrett <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb3" href="#pb3" name=
+"pb3">3</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div1 preface"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h2 class="main">PREFACE.</h2>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">Realizing that the memory of a nation is best kept
+aglow by its songs and the writings of its poets, I have been inspired
+to write OCCONEECHEE, in order that the once powerful nation known as
+the Cherokee may be preserved in mind, and that their myths, their
+legends and their traditions may linger and be transmitted to the
+nations yet to come.</p>
+<p class="par">Trusting that a generous people may hail with delight
+the advent of this new work, I now dedicate its pages to all lovers of
+music, poetry and fine art.</p>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">When you&rsquo;ve read its pages give or lend</p>
+<p class="line">This volume to some good old friend.</p>
+</div>
+<p class="par first signed"><span class="sc">The Author.</span>
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb4" href="#pb4" name=
+"pb4">4</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div1 biography"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h2 class="main">BRIEF BIOGRAPHY OF THE AUTHOR.</h2>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">Robert Frank Jarrett was born in Asheville, N. C.,
+on July 21st, 1864, and while having resided in other states and cities
+and visited many of the most important sections of the South, yet has
+made his principal home within the shadows of the rugged mountain peaks
+of his native and picturesque home land, the Old North State.</p>
+<p class="par">He was educated in the field and forest, by rippling
+stream and rolling rill, studied in the open book of Nature and recited
+to the Master of Destinies where the shadows of the everlasting hills
+lock hands with the sunshine of the valley.</p>
+<p class="par">He is a reader and student of the ancient writers and
+poets of all ages, singer of the old songs, lover of the new;</p>
+<p class="par">Servant in official capacity for many years of National,
+State and Civic governments; humble worker with the busy toilers, and
+writer of prose and verse from earliest childhood;</p>
+<p class="par">Author of &ldquo;Back Home and Other Poems,&rdquo;
+published in 1911, and many other manuscripts not yet published.</p>
+<p class="par">Married to Sallie C. Wild, of Franklin, N. C., on Dec.
+25th, 1892. For twenty years a resident of Dillsboro, N. C., where
+orchard and field and dense deep forests have inspired and impelled him
+on. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb5" href="#pb5" name=
+"pb5">5</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="toc" class="div1 contents"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h2 class="main">CONTENTS</h2>
+<ul>
+<li>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum"><span class="sc">Page</span></span></li>
+<li>Part I. <a href="#pt1">The Cherokee</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">7</span></li>
+<li>Part II. <a href="#pt2">Occoneechee</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">21</span></li>
+<li>Part III. <a href="#pt3">Myths of the Cherokee</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">127</span></li>
+<li>Part IV. <a href="#pt4">Glossary of Cherokee Words</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">197</span></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div1 contents"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h2 class="main">ILLUSTRATIONS</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#frontispiece">Portrait of Robert Frank Jarrett</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">Frontispiece</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p009">Tuckaseigee Falls, above Dillsboro</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">9</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p021">Along Scott&rsquo;s Creek, below Balsam</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">21</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p026-1">Sunset from Mt. Junaluska</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">26</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p026-2">Lake Junaluska, near Waynesville</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">26</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p037-1">A Glimpse of the Craggies</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">37</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p037-2">From Top of Chimney Rock</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">37</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p037-3">Graybeard Mountain</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">37</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p037-4">Chimney Top</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">37</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p043-1">Upper Catawba Falls, Esmeralda</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">43</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p043-2">Occoneechee Falls, Jackson County</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">43</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p043-3">In the Cherokee Country</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">43</span><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb6" href="#pb6"
+name="pb6">6</a>]</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p043-4">Whitewater Falls</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">43</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p051-1">The Balsam Mountains in Jackson Co.</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">51</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p051-2">North from Sunset Rock, Tryon Mt.</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">51</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p067-1">Balsam Mountains</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">67</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p067-2">From Bald Rock</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">67</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p073">Lower Cullasaja Falls</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">73</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p077-1">Mount Pisgah</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">77</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p077-2">Indian Mound, Franklin, N. C.</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">77</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p081">Tallulah Falls, Ga.</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">81</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p091-1">Whiteside Mountain</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">91</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p099-1">Tennessee River, above Franklin</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">99</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p099-2">Lake Toxaway</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">99</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p107-1">Tomb of Junaluska, Robbinsville</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">107</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p107-2">Where the Serpent Coiled</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">107</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p117-1">Harvesting at Cullowhee, N. C.</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">117</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p117-2">Craggy Mountains from near Asheville</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">117</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p129-1">Sequoya</a>, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+<span class="tocPageNum">129</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p129-2">John Ax, the Great Story Teller</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">129</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p129-3">Everglades of Florida</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">129</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p139">Tuckaseigee River</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">139</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p153-1">Kanuga Lake</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">153</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p153-2">Lake Fairfield</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">153</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p153-3">Pacolet River, Hendersonville</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">153</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p171-1">A Cherokee Indian Ball Team</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">171</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p171-2">The Pools, Chimney Rock</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">171</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p185-1">French Broad River</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">185</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p185-2">Broad River</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">185</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p191-1">From the Toxaway</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">191</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p191-2">Chimney Top Gap</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">191</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p197">Chimney Rock</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">197</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p237-2">Occonestee Falls</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">237</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p237-2">Linville Falls</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">237</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p237-3">Triple Falls, Buck Forest</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">237</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p284-1">High Falls, Buck Forest</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">284</span></li>
+<li><a href="#p284-2">Melrose Falls, Tryon, N. C.</a>,
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class=
+"tocPageNum">284</span></li>
+</ul>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb7" href="#pb7" name=
+"pb7">7</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="body">
+<div id="pt1" class="div0 part">
+<h2 class="label">PART I</h2>
+<h2 class="main">THE CHEROKEE</h2>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb8" href="#pb8" name=
+"pb8">8</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;I know not how the truth may be,</p>
+<p class="line">I tell the tale as &rsquo;twas told to me.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb9" href="#pb9" name=
+"pb9">9</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="div1 contents"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h2 class="main">THE CHEROKEE.</h2>
+<h2 class="sub"><i>A brief history of the Cherokee Nation or
+tribe.</i></h2>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">This history has been gleaned from the works of
+Ethnology by James Mooney and from word of mouth, as related to the
+author during the past thirty years.</p>
+<p class="par">In the beginning of historical events, we hear of man in
+his paradisaical home, located somewhere within the boundaries known as
+ancient Egypt or Chaldea. His home was far away and his former history
+shrouded in the darkness of countless centuries of the past, and when
+we contemplate the remoteness of his ancestry, we become lost in the
+midst of our own research.</p>
+<p class="par">When historical light began to flash from the Orient, we
+find man emerging with some degree of civilization from a barbaric
+state into the advanced degrees of civilized and enlightened
+tribes.</p>
+<p class="par">When the maritime navigator, full of visions and dreams,
+dared to sail for those hitherto undiscovered shores, now known as
+America, there lived within the realm a wandering, happy, yet
+untutored, race of men whom we afterwards called Indians, who dwelt in
+great numbers along the whole distance from Penobscot Bay south to the
+everglades of Florida.</p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e532width" id="p009"><img src="images/p009.jpg"
+alt="Tuckaseigee Falls, above Dillsboro, N. C." width="462" height=
+"720">
+<p class="figureHead">Tuckaseigee Falls, above Dillsboro, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;All along the racing river</p>
+<p class="line">Gorgeous forest trees are seen.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par">Among the more noted tribes were the Abnaki, Mohawk,
+Mohican, Huron, Iroquois, Munsi, Erie, Seneca, Susquehanna, Mamrahoac,
+Powhatan, Monacan, Nollaway, Tuscarora, Pamlico, Catawba, Santee,
+Uchee, Yamasee, Creek, Choctaw, Seminole, Showano and Cherokee, but of
+all of these it is left for us to speak alone of the valiant Cherokee,
+the most noble of all Red <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb10" href=
+"#pb10" name="pb10">10</a>]</span>Men, who inhabited that picturesque
+country in the Appalachian chain of mountains in East Tennessee,
+Western North Carolina, Northern Georgia, South Carolina and Alabama,
+and part of Virginia, Kentucky and West Virginia.</p>
+<p class="par">These are the people of whom little has been said and
+less written than most of the children of men. Yet of all of the native
+Americans the Cherokee tribe was the most noble, humane and
+intelligent.</p>
+<p class="par">Somewhere in the annals of the Aborigines of America,
+the Cherokee separated from the great Northern tribe, the Iroquois, and
+by preference inhabited the hills of the Appalachian range, and here we
+find them early in the dawn of American history, occupying a country
+which affords ample environment for the artist, the poet and the
+painter. Had Homer seen and Michelangelo traveled among the towering
+hills of the happiest land of earth, the song and the chisel, instead
+of being draped with the vail of blood, would have inspired the world
+to look forward to the time when there will be no death serenely
+sitting upon the throne of war.</p>
+<p class="par">At one time the Cherokee tribe was the largest and most
+learned in art and literature of any tribe in the United States, having
+perhaps as many as twenty-five thousand people, and attained, under
+Sequoya, whose photograph is herein reproduced, that degree of
+learning, that many of the tribe became quite familiar with letters and
+literature, printed from the alphabet invented by this noted man,
+inventor and devout preacher of the Christian gospel.</p>
+<p class="par">Sequoya was himself an untutored half-breed, yet to him
+are we indebted for an alphabet of 76 characters which stands third
+among the alphabets which have been invented among men, and by which a
+Cherokee child <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb11" href="#pb11" name=
+"pb11">11</a>]</span>learns to read as fluently in six months of study
+as does the average English child in three years of study under our
+system.</p>
+<p class="par">The name Cherokee, so far as research reveals, has no
+meaning or the meaning has been lost or perhaps Anglicized, but we have
+authority for its use, for the past 375 years.</p>
+<p class="par">When De Soto&rsquo;s expedition was made through the
+Appalachian mountains, in 1540, he encountered this great and friendly
+nation living peacefully in their paradise among the hills and
+mountains, who received him as they were wont to receive a friendly
+tribe; so did they ever receive and treat the white neighbor until
+treaty after treaty had been broken and their homes had been destroyed
+and every compact violated.</p>
+<p class="par">Hostilities were in most cases caused by encroaching
+whites and broken promises and intrigues of the foreigners, who were
+gradually drawing the cordon around the diminishing tribe.</p>
+<p class="par">The battle of Horseshoe Bend, which took place in the
+Tallapoosa river, in Alabama, on the 27th day of March, 1814, was one
+of the notable events in Cherokee history, where Junaluska, in
+conjunction with General Jackson, slaughtered or massacred nearly one
+thousand Creeks, which ended the Creek war and brought much honor to
+Junaluska and his valiant Cherokee army of more than 500 men.</p>
+<p class="par">For the terrors which followed the battle of Horseshoe
+Bend, we have only to refer to history to be able to ascertain the
+facts concerning the bloody atrocities which were perpetrated upon an
+oppressed people. Then came the end, which occurred in the year 1838,
+which culminated in the removal of the band to the Indian Territory,
+which is now called Oklahoma, (a Choctaw word meaning red people, Okla,
+people; homa, red). <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb12" href="#pb12"
+name="pb12">12</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">This removal was the most luckless and recreant of all
+the abuses that had been heaped upon the brave but helpless band of
+Cherokee.</p>
+<p class="par">Junaluska, who witnessed the removal, but was permitted
+to remain with the residue, remarked that had he known that General
+Jackson (who became President), would have removed the Cherokee in such
+a brutal manner, he would have killed him at the battle of Horseshoe
+Bend.</p>
+<p class="par">The history of the removal of the Cherokee, as told by
+James Mooney of the Department of American Ethnology, gleaned by him
+from eye witnesses and actors in the tragedy, may well exceed in weight
+of grief and pathos any other act in American history. Even the much
+sung song of the exile of the Arcadians falls far behind it in the sum
+of death and misery.</p>
+<p class="par">Under General Winfield Scott, an army of 5,000
+volunteers and regular troops were concentrated in the Cherokee
+country, and by instruction from Washington, D. C., he was directed and
+gave orders to soldiers to gather all Indians to the various stockades,
+which had been previously prepared for their reception. From these
+posts, squads of soldiers were sent to search out, with rifle and
+bayonet, every small cabin which could be found within the
+ramifications and deep recesses of the great Appalachian range of
+mountains, and bring to the forts every man, woman and child to be
+found within the gates of the granite hills.</p>
+<p class="par">Families, while sitting peacefully at the noon-day meal;
+others while performing the matutinal ablution, were suddenly startled
+by the gleam of bayonets and with blows, curses and oaths from the men
+called soldiers, the Indians were driven like cattle from their humble
+homes down the rugged mountain paths, and their houses in <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb13" href="#pb13" name="pb13">13</a>]</span>many
+cases were burned and their small possessions destroyed, as the brave
+but defenceless Cherokee people looked on with that wonderful stoicism
+which no other race of men ever possessed.</p>
+<p class="par">Men were seized in the fields, women torn from the wheel
+and the distaff, and children frightened from the pleasures of play.
+The vandals who followed in the wake of the soldiery, looting and
+pillaging, burning and destroying, yet calling themselves civilized
+Christians, were such a band of outlaws as is seldom seen even among
+the most savage and barbaric races.</p>
+<p class="par">Even Indian graves were robbed of the silver pendants
+and other valuables which had been deposited with the dead. Women who
+were not able to go, were actually forced at the point of a bayonet to
+march with the same speed as men.</p>
+<p class="par">Upon one occasion the soldiers surrounded the house of
+an old Christian patriot, who when informed as to what was to take
+place, called his wife, children and grandchildren around him, kneeling
+down among them offered a last prayer in the sanctuary of his home, in
+his native tongue, while the soldiers stood astonished, looking on in
+silence.</p>
+<p class="par">When his devotions were finished, he arose, bade the
+household follow him, and he led them into exile, with that becoming
+Christian fortitude which is seldom witnessed among men.</p>
+<p class="par">One woman, on finding the house surrounded, went to the
+door and called up the chickens, fed them for the last time, bade them
+farewell, then taking her baby upon her back, she extended her hands to
+her other two small children, then followed her husband into exile,
+from whence she never returned.</p>
+<p class="par">A Georgia volunteer, who afterwards became a
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb14" href="#pb14" name=
+"pb14">14</a>]</span>Colonel in the Confederate service, said, &ldquo;I
+have fought through the Civil War and have seen men shot to pieces and
+slaughtered by the thousands, but the Cherokee removal was the most
+cruel work I ever witnessed.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">All were not thus so submissive. One old man named
+Tsali, &ldquo;Charlie,&rdquo; was seized, with his wife, his brother,
+his three sons and their families; exasperated at the brutality
+accorded his wife, who being unable to travel fast, was prodded with
+the bayonets to hasten her steps, he urged the other men to join him in
+a dash for liberty, and as he spoke in Cherokee, the soldiers, although
+they heard, understood nothing until each warrior suddenly sprang upon
+the soldier nearest and endeavored to wrench his gun from him. The
+attack was so sudden and unexpected that one soldier was killed and the
+rest fled, while the Indians escaped to the mountains. Hundreds of
+others, some of them from the various stockades, managed also to escape
+to the hills and mountains from time to time, where those who did not
+die from starvation subsisted on roots and wild berries until the hunt
+was over.</p>
+<p class="par">Finding that it was impossible to secure these
+fugitives, General Scott finally tendered them a proposition, through
+Colonel W. H. Thomas, known as Wil-Usdi in Cherokee, their trusted
+friend and chief, that if they would bring Charlie and his party for
+punishment, the rest would be allowed to remain until their case could
+be adjusted by the Government.</p>
+<p class="par">On hearing of the proposition, Charlie voluntarily came
+in with his sons, offering himself as a sacrifice for his people.</p>
+<p class="par">By command of General Scott, Charlie, his brother and
+the two elder sons were shot, near the mouth of Tuckaseigee river, a
+detachment of Cherokee prisoners <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb15"
+href="#pb15" name="pb15">15</a>]</span>being compelled to do the
+shooting in order to impress upon the Indians the fact of their utter
+helplessness.</p>
+<p class="par">From those fugitives thus permitted to remain,
+originated the present eastern band of Cherokee.</p>
+<p class="par">When nearly 17,000 Cherokee had been gathered into the
+stockades, the removal began.</p>
+<p class="par">Early in June several parties, aggregating about five
+thousand persons, were brought down by the troops to the old agency on
+Hiwassee river, at the present Calhoun, Tenn., and to Ross landing (now
+Chattanooga, Tenn.) and to Gunter&rsquo;s landing (now Guntersville,
+Ala.) lower down on the Tennessee, where they were put upon steamers
+and transported down the Tennessee and Ohio to the farther side of the
+Mississippi, whence their journey was continued by land to Indian
+Territory (now Oklahoma).</p>
+<p class="par">The removal in the the hottest part of the year was
+attended with so great sickness and mortality that, by resolution of
+the Cherokee National Council, John Ross and the other chiefs submitted
+to General Scott a proposition that the Cherokee be allowed to remove
+themselves in the fall, after the sickly season ended. This was granted
+on condition that all should have started by the 20th of October,
+except the sick and aged, who might not be able to move so rapidly.
+Accordingly, officers were appointed by the Cherokee council to take
+charge of the emigration; the Indians being organized into detachments
+averaging one thousand each, with two leaders in charge of each
+department, and a sufficient number of wagons and horses for the
+purpose.</p>
+<p class="par">In this way the remainder, enrolled at about 13,000,
+(including a few negro slaves), started on the long march overland late
+in the fall. Those who thus emigrated under the management of their own
+officers, assembled <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb16" href="#pb16"
+name="pb16">16</a>]</span>at Rattlesnake Springs, near the present
+Charleston, Tenn., where a final council was held, in which it was
+decided to continue their old constitution and laws in their new home.
+Then, in October, 1838, the long procession of exiles was set in
+motion. A few went by the river route, but nearly all went overland.
+Crossing, to the north side of the Hiwassee river, at a ferry above
+Gunter&rsquo;s Creek, they proceeded down along the river, the sick,
+aged and children, together with their belongings, being hauled in
+wagons, the rest on foot or on horses.</p>
+<p class="par">It was like an army, 645 wagons, regiment after
+regiment, the wagons in the center, the officers along the line, and
+the horsemen on the flank and at the rear.</p>
+<p class="par">Tennessee river was crossed at Tucker&rsquo;s ferry, a
+short distance above Jolly&rsquo;s Island, at the mouth of Hiwassee;
+thence the route lay south of Pikeville, through McMinnville, and on to
+Nashville, where the Cumberland was crossed.</p>
+<p class="par">They then went on to Hopkinsville, where the noted chief
+White Path, in charge of a detachment, sickened and died. His people
+buried him by the roadside, with a box over the grave and poles with
+streamers around it, that the others coming on behind might note the
+spot and remember him.</p>
+<p class="par">Somewhere along that march of death&mdash;for the exiles
+died by tens and twenties every day of the journey&mdash;the devoted
+wife of the noted chief, John Ross, sank down and died, leaving him to
+go on with bitter pain of bereavement added to the heartbreak at the
+ruin and desolation of his nation.</p>
+<p class="par">The Ohio was crossed at a ferry near the mouth of the
+Cumberland, and the army passed on through southern Illinois until the
+great Mississippi was reached, opposite <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb17" href="#pb17" name="pb17">17</a>]</span>Cape Girardean, Missouri.
+It was now the middle of winter, with the river running full of ice, so
+that several detachments were obliged to wait some time on the eastern
+bank for the channel to become clear.</p>
+<p class="par">Information furnished by old men at Tahlequah after the
+lapse of fifty years showed that time had not sufficed to wipe out the
+memory of the miseries of that halt beside the frozen river, with
+hundreds of sick and dying penned up in wagons or stretched upon the
+ground, with only a blanket overhead to keep out the January blast.</p>
+<p class="par">The crossing was at last made, in two divisions, at Cape
+Girardean and Green&rsquo;s ferry, a short distance below, whence the
+march was continued on through Missouri to Indian Territory, the later
+detachment making a northerly circuit by Springfield, because those who
+had gone before had killed off all the game along the direct route.</p>
+<p class="par">They had started in October, 1838, and it was now March,
+1839, the journey having occupied nearly six months of the hardest part
+of the year.</p>
+<p class="par">It is difficult to state positively as to the mortality
+and loss by reason of the removal of this once happy nation, but as
+near as can be ascertained, more than four thousand persons perished
+along the great highway of death.</p>
+<p class="par">On the arrival in Indian Territory, the exiles at once
+set about building houses and planting crops, the government having
+agreed under treaty to furnish them rations for one year after arrival.
+They were welcomed by their kindred, the &ldquo;Old Settlers,&rdquo;
+who held the country under previous treaties of 1828 and 1833. These,
+however, being already regularly organized under a government and
+chiefs of their own, were by no means disposed to be swallowed by the
+governmental authority of the newcomers. <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb18" href="#pb18" name="pb18">18</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Jealousies developed, in which the minority or treaty
+party of the emigrants, headed by Major Ridge, took sides with the old
+settlers against John Ross of the National party, which outnumbered the
+others nearly three to one.</p>
+<p class="par">While these differences were at their height, the Nation
+was thrown into a fever of excitement by the news that Major Ridge, his
+son, John Ridge, and Elias Boudinot&mdash;all leaders of the treaty
+party&mdash;had been killed by adherents of the National party,
+immediately after the adjournment of a general council, which had
+adjourned after nearly two weeks of debate without having been able to
+bring about harmonious action. Major Ridge was waylaid and shot near
+the Arkansas line, his son was taken from bed and cut to pieces with
+hatchets, while Boudinot was treacherously killed at his home at Park
+Hill, Indian Territory, all three being killed upon the same day, June
+22, 1839, which date marks the decline and fall of a once great and
+happy people. For fifty years which followed this luckless day in June,
+Indian Territory became a veritable theater of crime and disorder.</p>
+<p class="par">From the South meridian of the sunflower state, to the
+cypress banks of the Red river, and from Fort Smith to the shifting
+sands of the great plains, for half a century sheltered a coterie of
+actors that would have made Robin Hood or Kit Carson blush with envy.
+The soil of the five tribes has been moistened with human blood when
+there was none to answer the cry for vengeance; when no sound save the
+deadly snap of the Winchester and the pit-pat of the bronchos' hoofs
+were there to bear testimony. Now, those who incited intrigue and
+murder are gone, the desperado is a thing of the past, the brave men
+who enlisted in the hazardous governmental service <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb19" href="#pb19" name="pb19">19</a>]</span>to give
+them battle have disappeared, and the sound of the firing Winchester
+used in deadly conflict, has been replaced by the reaper and the mower,
+and toilers in the field of commerce and industry.</p>
+<p class="par">The Indian tribe has been supplanted by the American
+Government; and the school and church have taken the place of the chase
+and the feud. Where the wild flowers nodded far out on the lonely
+plain, vast fields of wheat and corn whisper the great name of
+Oklahoma.</p>
+<p class="par">At this writing the eastern band of Cherokee is about to
+be dissolved, their lands allotted, and in a few more decades the
+Cherokee will have passed, and the name will be presented only in old
+records and in the hearts of their descendants. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb21" href="#pb21" name="pb21">21</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="pt2" class="div0 part">
+<h2 class="label">PART II</h2>
+<h2 class="main">OCCONEECHEE</h2>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e664width" id="p021"><img src="images/p021.jpg"
+alt="Along Scott&rsquo;s Creek, below Balsam, N. C." width="462"
+height="720">
+<p class="figureHead">Along Scott&rsquo;s Creek, below Balsam, N.
+C.</p>
+<p class="par first">(Highest railway point East of the Rocky Mts.)</p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Rippling, idling, swirling slowly,</p>
+<p class="line">Leaping down a waterfall.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb23" href="#pb23" name=
+"pb23">23</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="div1 poem"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h2 class="main">OCCONEECHEE,</h2>
+<h2 class="main">The Maid of the Mystic Lake,</h2>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first xd23e136">by Robert Frank Jarrett.</p>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="main">I.</h3>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Far away beneath the shadows</p>
+<p class="line">Of the towering Smoky range,</p>
+<p class="line">In the Western North Carolina,</p>
+<p class="line">Comes a story true, but strange;</p>
+<p class="line">Of a maiden and her lover,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the tribe of Cherokee,</p>
+<p class="line">And she lived far up the mountain,</p>
+<p class="line">Near the hills of Tennessee.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Far above the habitation</p>
+<p class="line">Of the white man, and the plain,</p>
+<p class="line">Lived the dark-eyed Indian maiden,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the Junaluska strain;</p>
+<p class="line">Junaluska, chief, her father,</p>
+<p class="line">Occoneechee was his pride,</p>
+<p class="line">In the lonely little wigwam,</p>
+<p class="line">High upon the mountain side.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb24" href="#pb24" name=
+"pb24">24</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">There the stream Oconaluftee</p>
+<p class="line">Hides its source far from the eye,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the white man in his rovings,</p>
+<p class="line">Far upon the mountain high;</p>
+<p class="line">And the forest land primeval,</p>
+<p class="line">Roamed by doe and wandering bear,</p>
+<p class="line">And the hissing, coiling serpent,</p>
+<p class="line">Was no stranger to them there.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Catamount and mountain-boomer</p>
+<p class="line">Sprang from cliff-side into trees,</p>
+<p class="line">And the eagle, hawk and vulture</p>
+<p class="line">Winged their course on every breeze.</p>
+<p class="line">At the footfall of this maiden</p>
+<p class="line">Sped the gobbler wild and free,</p>
+<p class="line">From the maiden Occoneechee</p>
+<p class="line">Flitted butterfly and bee.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Occoneechee, forest dweller,</p>
+<p class="line">Lived amid the scene so wild;</p>
+<p class="line">In the simple Indian manner</p>
+<p class="line">Lived old Junaluska&rsquo;s child.</p>
+<p class="line">Streams of purest limpid water</p>
+<p class="line">Gushed forth o&rsquo;er the rock below,</p>
+<p class="line">And the trout and silver minnow</p>
+<p class="line">Dwelt in water, cold as snow.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb25" href="#pb25" name=
+"pb25">25</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Occoneechee&rsquo;s Mother Qualla</p>
+<p class="line">Passed away from earth to God,</p>
+<p class="line">When this maiden was a baby</p>
+<p class="line">And was covered by the sod.</p>
+<p class="line">High upon the rugged mountain,</p>
+<p class="line">Far above the haunts of men,</p>
+<p class="line">With their burdens and their sorrows,</p>
+<p class="line">And their load of care and sin.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Thus the maiden knew no mother,</p>
+<p class="line">Knew no love as most maids know,</p>
+<p class="line">Heard no song, as sung by mother,</p>
+<p class="line">Softly, sweetly, plaintive, slow.</p>
+<p class="line">When the twilight came at evening,</p>
+<p class="line">And the wigwam fire was lit,</p>
+<p class="line">And the bearskin robe was spread out</p>
+<p class="line">Upon which they were to sit,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Junaluska wept his Qualla,</p>
+<p class="line">Wept the lover who had flown,</p>
+<p class="line">For she was the only lover</p>
+<p class="line">That this chieftain&rsquo;s heart had known;</p>
+<p class="line">And at night, there was no lover</p>
+<p class="line">To sit by him on the rug,</p>
+<p class="line">Made of skins of bear and woodchuck,</p>
+<p class="line">In the wigwam, crude but snug.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb26" href="#pb26" name=
+"pb26">26</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">And at times he&rsquo;d stand at evening,</p>
+<p class="line">When the sun was setting low,</p>
+<p class="line">And would watch with adoration</p>
+<p class="line">Shifting clouds and scenes below;</p>
+<p class="line">And his soul would want to wander</p>
+<p class="line">Where the clime of setting sun</p>
+<p class="line">Would reveal his long lost Qualla,</p>
+<p class="line">When his work of life was done.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e849width" id="p026-1"><img src=
+"images/p026-1.jpg" alt="Sunset from Mt. Junaluska." width="649"
+height="477">
+<p class="figureHead">Sunset from Mt. Junaluska.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;And his soul was wont to wander</p>
+<p class="line">To the clime of setting sun.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e863width" id="p026-2"><img src=
+"images/p026-2.jpg" alt=
+"Lake Junaluska, Mount Junaluska in the distance." width="640" height=
+"372">
+<p class="figureHead">Lake Junaluska, Mount Junaluska in the
+distance.</p>
+<p class="par first">(Near Waynesville, N. C.)</p>
+<p class="par">This beautiful lake with Alpine environment is
+officially recognized by Methodists as their Assembly grounds, where
+thousands of their faith gather during the summer months each year for
+social and religious intercourse.</p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">And the tears would fill his eyelids,</p>
+<p class="line">And emotion shake his frame,</p>
+<p class="line">When he thought of her departed,</p>
+<p class="line">Or some friend would speak her name.</p>
+<p class="line">And he&rsquo;d call on God the spirit,</p>
+<p class="line">When he&rsquo;d see the golden glow</p>
+<p class="line">Of the radiant splendid sunset,</p>
+<p class="line">Where he ever longed to go.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then he&rsquo;d think of Occoneechee,</p>
+<p class="line">In her adolescent years,</p>
+<p class="line">How she needed his protection</p>
+<p class="line">There to drive away her fears.</p>
+<p class="line">Then he&rsquo;d cease his deep repining,</p>
+<p class="line">And his wailing and his grief,</p>
+<p class="line">For her future and her beauty</p>
+<p class="line">Brought the chieftain&rsquo;s heart relief.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb27" href="#pb27" name=
+"pb27">27</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Though the life of Occoneechee</p>
+<p class="line">Was one lonely strange career,</p>
+<p class="line">And the solitude and silence</p>
+<p class="line">Made the romance of it drear,</p>
+<p class="line">While the wildness of the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">With the animals that roam,</p>
+<p class="line">And the birds in great profusion</p>
+<p class="line">Cheered her little wigwam home,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Yet her spirit, like the eagle&rsquo;s,</p>
+<p class="line">Longed to soar off and be free</p>
+<p class="line">From the wilds of gorge and mountain,</p>
+<p class="line">Stream and cliff and crag and tree.</p>
+<p class="line">And one day there came a red man</p>
+<p class="line">Wandering up the mountain side,</p>
+<p class="line">From the vale Oconaluftee</p>
+<p class="line">Which was every Indian&rsquo;s pride.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Tall and handsome, agile runner,</p>
+<p class="line">And the keenness of his eye</p>
+<p class="line">Did betray his quick perception</p>
+<p class="line">To the casual passer-by.</p>
+<p class="line">Hair hung down in long black tresses,</p>
+<p class="line">Far below his shoulder-blade,</p>
+<p class="line">And the brilliant painted feathers</p>
+<p class="line">By the passing winds were swayed.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb28" href="#pb28" name=
+"pb28">28</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">And the arrows in his quiver</p>
+<p class="line">Tipped with variegated stone,</p>
+<p class="line">And the tomahawk and war knife,</p>
+<p class="line">All the weapons he had known;</p>
+<p class="line">Yet he knew all of their uses,</p>
+<p class="line">None could wield with greater skill</p>
+<p class="line">Tomahawk or knife or arrow,</p>
+<p class="line">Than this wandering Whippoorwill.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Occoneechee, sitting lonely,</p>
+<p class="line">In a shady little nook,</p>
+<p class="line">Near the opening, by the wigwam,</p>
+<p class="line">And the babbling crystal brook;</p>
+<p class="line">She was bathing feet and ankles,</p>
+<p class="line">Arms and hands she did refresh,</p>
+<p class="line">In the iridescent splendor</p>
+<p class="line">Of the fountain cool and fresh.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Whippoorwill, the wandering warrior,</p>
+<p class="line">Spied the maiden by the pool,</p>
+<p class="line">&lsquo;Neath the spreading tree above her,</p>
+<p class="line">By the limpid stream so cool;</p>
+<p class="line">Then he ventured there to tarry,</p>
+<p class="line">Watch and linger in the wild,</p>
+<p class="line">Near the maiden and the fountain,</p>
+<p class="line">Watch this forest-dwelling child.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb29" href="#pb29" name=
+"pb29">29</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Though a warrior, brave, undaunted</p>
+<p class="line">By the fiercest, wildest foe,</p>
+<p class="line">In the battle&rsquo;s hardest struggle,</p>
+<p class="line">Chasing bear and buck and doe;</p>
+<p class="line">For his life was used to hardships,</p>
+<p class="line">Scaling mountains in the chase,</p>
+<p class="line">Yet he ne&rsquo;er was known to falter</p>
+<p class="line">&lsquo;Mid the hottest of the race.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">But he now was moved by caution</p>
+<p class="line">To approach, with greatest care,</p>
+<p class="line">The unknown maid, there before him,</p>
+<p class="line">And the scene so rich and rare;</p>
+<p class="line">And his brave heart almost failed him</p>
+<p class="line">As he comes up to her side,</p>
+<p class="line">And obeisance makes he to her,</p>
+<p class="line">E&rsquo;er the chieftain she espied.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Occoneechee sprang up quickly</p>
+<p class="line">From the rock moss-covered seat,</p>
+<p class="line">All abashed, but lithe and nimble</p>
+<p class="line">Were her ankles and her feet.</p>
+<p class="line">&ldquo;O-I-see-you,&rdquo; were the greetings</p>
+<p class="line">They exchanged spontaneously,</p>
+<p class="line">As they moved off together.</p>
+<p class="line">Occoneechee leads the way,</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb30" href="#pb30" name=
+"pb30">30</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">To the quiet little wigwam,</p>
+<p class="line">Where old Junaluska dwells</p>
+<p class="line">With the maiden Occoneechee,</p>
+<p class="line">And for whom his heart up-wells.</p>
+<p class="line">Spreading out the flowing doe-skin</p>
+<p class="line">Flat upon the earthen floor,</p>
+<p class="line">Occoneechee and the warrior</p>
+<p class="line">Sat and talked the chases o&rsquo;er.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Sat and talked of bear and venison,</p>
+<p class="line">Sat and smoked the calumet.</p>
+<p class="line">These the greetings of the warrior,</p>
+<p class="line">When the maiden first he met.</p>
+<p class="line">Whippoorwill, the wandering warrior,</p>
+<p class="line">Tarried for a night and day,</p>
+<p class="line">Tarried long within the wigwam,</p>
+<p class="line">And was loath to go away,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">For the maid and Junaluska</p>
+<p class="line">To the warrior were so kind,</p>
+<p class="line">That &lsquo;twere hard among the tribesmen</p>
+<p class="line">Such a generous clan to find.</p>
+<p class="line">But at dawn upon the morrow,</p>
+<p class="line">Whippoorwill must wend his way</p>
+<p class="line">From old Junaluska&rsquo;s wigwam,</p>
+<p class="line">For too long had been his stay.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb31" href="#pb31" name=
+"pb31">31</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Kind affection, Junaluska</p>
+<p class="line">Gave to parting Whippoorwill,</p>
+<p class="line">As he sauntered from the wigwam,</p>
+<p class="line">Wandering toward the rugged rill.</p>
+<p class="line">Now the silence so unbroken</p>
+<p class="line">Starts a tear-drop in each eye,</p>
+<p class="line">And the gentle passing zephyr</p>
+<p class="line">Gathered up the lover&rsquo;s sigh,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">And the sighs were borne to heaven,</p>
+<p class="line">Like as lovers' sighs ascend,</p>
+<p class="line">As the good angelic zephyrs</p>
+<p class="line">Bear the message, friend to friend.</p>
+<p class="line">Now each heart was sore and lonely,</p>
+<p class="line">Sad the parting lovers feel,</p>
+<p class="line">Yet the hopes of love&rsquo;s devotion</p>
+<p class="line">Deep into each life did steal.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">And when Whippoorwill had left them,</p>
+<p class="line">Good old Junaluska said</p>
+<p class="line">To his daughter Occoneechee,</p>
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Would you like this brave to wed?&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="line">Occoneechee, timid maiden,</p>
+<p class="line">Never thought of love before,</p>
+<p class="line">For she ne&rsquo;er had spread the doe-skin</p>
+<p class="line">Wide upon the earthen floor,</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb32" href="#pb32" name=
+"pb32">32</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">For a warrior, brave as he was,</p>
+<p class="line">One possessed of skill so rare,</p>
+<p class="line">With his tomahawk and war knife,</p>
+<p class="line">And such long black raven hair;</p>
+<p class="line">And she knew not how to answer,</p>
+<p class="line">Though she felt as lovers do,</p>
+<p class="line">When they plight their deep devotion</p>
+<p class="line">To each other to be true.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Occoneechee! child of wild woods,</p>
+<p class="line">I am growing old and gray,</p>
+<p class="line">And I feel I soon must leave you,</p>
+<p class="line">Though I grieve to go away.</p>
+<p class="line">I can feel the hand of time, child,</p>
+<p class="line">Pressing down upon my head,</p>
+<p class="line">And I know it won&rsquo;t be long now</p>
+<p class="line">Till I&rsquo;m resting with the dead.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;I can hear your mother calling,</p>
+<p class="line">Sweetly, gently, calling me,</p>
+<p class="line">Beckoning from the golden sunset,</p>
+<p class="line">And she calls also for thee.</p>
+<p class="line">&rsquo;Twas just last night she stood beside me,</p>
+<p class="line">While you lay there sound asleep,</p>
+<p class="line">And she called me, &lsquo;Junaluska!&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="line">And her voice caused me to weep.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb33" href="#pb33" name=
+"pb33">33</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;And she said, &lsquo;Dear Junaluska,</p>
+<p class="line">I have come to tell you where</p>
+<p class="line">You will find me at the portals</p>
+<p class="line">Of the Lord&rsquo;s house over there.</p>
+<p class="line">I will be among the blessed,</p>
+<p class="line">Be with angels up on high.</p>
+<p class="line">Have no fears of Death&rsquo;s dark river,</p>
+<p class="line">Be courageous till you die.&rsquo;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Then she stood and sang a message</p>
+<p class="line">O&rsquo;er you in your lonely bed,</p>
+<p class="line">For a moment, then departed;</p>
+<p class="line">And I called, but she had fled.</p>
+<p class="line">Yet I daily hear her sweet voice,</p>
+<p class="line">And I see her image there,</p>
+<p class="line">As she calls us unto heaven,</p>
+<p class="line">&lsquo;Mid the pleasures, O, so rare.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;And I soon shall cross the river,</p>
+<p class="line">And will join her on the strand,</p>
+<p class="line">With immortals long departed,</p>
+<p class="line">In the fair, blest, happy land.</p>
+<p class="line">When I&rsquo;m gone you&rsquo;ll need protection,</p>
+<p class="line">By a brave who knows no fear,</p>
+<p class="line">And when sorrows overflow you,</p>
+<p class="line">One to wipe away the tear.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb34" href="#pb34" name=
+"pb34">34</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Then I&rsquo;ll watch and wait with Qualla,</p>
+<p class="line">With the chiefs and warriors brave,</p>
+<p class="line">Who have joined the tribe eternal,</p>
+<p class="line">Conquered death, hell and the grave.</p>
+<p class="line">I shall watch then for your coming,</p>
+<p class="line">And I&rsquo;ll tell the mighty throng</p>
+<p class="line">That you&rsquo;re coming in the future,</p>
+<p class="line">And we&rsquo;ll greet you with the song,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;That the seraphs sing in glory,</p>
+<p class="line">Casting gem crowns at the feet,</p>
+<p class="line">Praising Him who reigns forever</p>
+<p class="line">On the grand tribunal seat.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="line">As he talked his voice grew weaker,</p>
+<p class="line">And his hand grew very chill,</p>
+<p class="line">Then the moisture crowned his forehead,</p>
+<p class="line">And his pulse was deathly still.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then she knew that her dear mother</p>
+<p class="line">And the great chiefs that had been</p>
+<p class="line">Had op&rsquo;ed the gate of heaven wide</p>
+<p class="line">To let another brave chief in.</p>
+<p class="line">Then she sobbed out for her father,</p>
+<p class="line">As a broken-hearted child</p>
+<p class="line">Will for loved ones just departed,</p>
+<p class="line">Left so lonely in the wild.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb35" href="#pb35" name=
+"pb35">35</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">But the dead, too soon forgotten,</p>
+<p class="line">Now lies buried by the side</p>
+<p class="line">Of his much lamented Qualla,</p>
+<p class="line">Once his sweet and lovely bride,</p>
+<p class="line">While their spirits dwell together,</p>
+<p class="line">Free from care and want and pain,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the tempest full of sorrow</p>
+<p class="line">Ne&rsquo;er can reach their souls again.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Years had flown since Occoneechee</p>
+<p class="line">Saw her loving Whippoorwill,</p>
+<p class="line">High upon the Smoky Mountain,</p>
+<p class="line">Near the crystal rippling rill;</p>
+<p class="line">For the white man had transported</p>
+<p class="line">Brave and squaw and little child</p>
+<p class="line">Far away to Oklahoma,</p>
+<p class="line">To the western hills so wild.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Some had gone to the Dakotas,</p>
+<p class="line">Some had gone to Mexico,</p>
+<p class="line">Some had joined the tribe eternal;</p>
+<p class="line">All were going, sure but slow.</p>
+<p class="line">For the white man&rsquo;s occupation,</p>
+<p class="line">Cherokee must give their land,</p>
+<p class="line">And must give up all possessions,</p>
+<p class="line">Go and join some other band.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb36" href="#pb36" name=
+"pb36">36</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Yet a residue of tribesmen</p>
+<p class="line">Were allowed here to remain,</p>
+<p class="line">&lsquo;Mid the mountains and the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">And the meadows and the plain,</p>
+<p class="line">But the strong men and the warriors,</p>
+<p class="line">Most of them had gone away,</p>
+<p class="line">Far across the mighty mountains</p>
+<p class="line">Toward the closing of the day.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">General Jackson&rsquo;s men in blue coats</p>
+<p class="line">Came and took away the braves,</p>
+<p class="line">Took away the squaw and papoose,</p>
+<p class="line">Buried many in their graves,</p>
+<p class="line">Yet the residue triumphant,</p>
+<p class="line">Roamed out in the forest wild,</p>
+<p class="line">Without shelter, food or comfort,</p>
+<p class="line">For decrepid chief and child.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Sad and weary, long and dreary,</p>
+<p class="line">Moved the Cherokee out West,</p>
+<p class="line">With their store of skins and venison,</p>
+<p class="line">And the trinkets they possessed.</p>
+<p class="line">Up across the Smoky Mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Rough and rugged trail and road,</p>
+<p class="line">Lined by rhododendron blossoms,</p>
+<p class="line">Close beside where Lufty flowed.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb37" href="#pb37" name=
+"pb37">37</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">When they down the gorge descended,</p>
+<p class="line">Winding toward the Tennessee,</p>
+<p class="line">Branch and bough o&rsquo;erhead were bending</p>
+<p class="line">And no landscape could they see,</p>
+<p class="line">And the labyrinthian footway</p>
+<p class="line">Led through forests dense and dark</p>
+<p class="line">And the air was sweetly laden</p>
+<p class="line">With the bruised birchen bark;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="table">
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft cellTop">
+<div class="figure xd23e1451width" id="p037-1"><img src=
+"images/p037-1.jpg" alt="A glimpse of the Craggies." width="328"
+height="506">
+<p class="figureHead">A glimpse of the Craggies.</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+<td class="cellRight cellTop">
+<div class="figure xd23e1456width" id="p037-2"><img src=
+"images/p037-2.jpg" alt="From top of Chimney Rock." width="332" height=
+"511">
+<p class="figureHead">From top of Chimney Rock.</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft cellBottom">
+<div class="figure xd23e1462width" id="p037-3"><img src=
+"images/p037-3.jpg" alt="Graybeard Mountain." width="332" height="509">
+<p class="figureHead">Graybeard Mountain.</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+<td class="cellRight cellBottom">
+<div class="figure xd23e1467width" id="p037-4"><img src=
+"images/p037-4.jpg" alt="Chimney Top." width="334" height="513">
+<p class="figureHead">Chimney Top.</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Hemlocks tall and swaying gently</p>
+<p class="line">In the sighing passing breeze,</p>
+<p class="line">And the fir and spreading balsam</p>
+<p class="line">Joined the cadence of the trees.</p>
+<p class="line">At the base of birch and hemlock</p>
+<p class="line">Flowed the Pigeon fierce and bold,</p>
+<p class="line">With its water clear as crystal,</p>
+<p class="line">And its fountains icy cold;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Flowed the dauntless rapid waters,</p>
+<p class="line">Fresh and pure and ever free,</p>
+<p class="line">Rushed o&rsquo;er cataract and cascade,</p>
+<p class="line">Ever onward toward the sea.</p>
+<p class="line">Whippoorwill, the wandering warrior,</p>
+<p class="line">Shorn of power and of pride,</p>
+<p class="line">Marched in single file and lonely,</p>
+<p class="line">With his hands behind him tied.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb38" href="#pb38" name=
+"pb38">38</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Hands were bound with thongs and fetters&mdash;</p>
+<p class="line">Thongs and fetters could not hold</p>
+<p class="line">Brave so gallant young and noble</p>
+<p class="line">As this valiant warrior bold.</p>
+<p class="line">For his thoughts of Occoneechee,</p>
+<p class="line">Who was left far, far behind,</p>
+<p class="line">With the residue of women,</p>
+<p class="line">Stirred his brave heart and his mind.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">On and on for days they traveled</p>
+<p class="line">By the stream whose silver flow,</p>
+<p class="line">From the great high Smoky Mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Became silent now and slow;</p>
+<p class="line">For the rocks and rising ridges,</p>
+<p class="line">Once their progress did impede,</p>
+<p class="line">Now were fading in the distance,</p>
+<p class="line">Could not now retard their speed.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">And the journey, long and tedious,</p>
+<p class="line">Wore the women, wore the brave,</p>
+<p class="line">And they sore and much lamented,</p>
+<p class="line">To be bound as serf or slave;</p>
+<p class="line">For their free-born spirits never</p>
+<p class="line">Had been bound by man before,</p>
+<p class="line">Till the blue-coat Jackson soldier</p>
+<p class="line">Came and dragged them from their door.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb39" href="#pb39" name=
+"pb39">39</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Corn was blooming on the lowlands</p>
+<p class="line">When the journey they betook,</p>
+<p class="line">And the grass gave much aroma,</p>
+<p class="line">By the laughing Soco brook;</p>
+<p class="line">But the suns and moons oft waning</p>
+<p class="line">Brought the moon of ripening corn</p>
+<p class="line">To a nation, broken-hearted,</p>
+<p class="line">With a doubting hope forlorn.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Level lands brought no enchantment</p>
+<p class="line">To a people who had known</p>
+<p class="line">Naught but freedom till the present,</p>
+<p class="line">Whose utopian dream had flown;</p>
+<p class="line">Flown as flows the radiant river,</p>
+<p class="line">Flown as flows the hopes of youth,</p>
+<p class="line">From the red man of the forest.</p>
+<p class="line">They were no more free, forsooth.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">By and by the Father Waters</p>
+<p class="line">Came in view of brave and squaw,</p>
+<p class="line">And the skiff and side-wheel steamer</p>
+<p class="line">Were the shifting scenes they saw,</p>
+<p class="line">Plying fast the Father Waters,</p>
+<p class="line">With a current slow and still,</p>
+<p class="line">And reverberating whistles</p>
+<p class="line">Shrieked a medley loud and shrill.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb40" href="#pb40" name=
+"pb40">40</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">And the ferryboat was busy,</p>
+<p class="line">Plying fast the liquid wave</p>
+<p class="line">Of the Father Water&rsquo;s current,</p>
+<p class="line">Bearing squaw and chief and brave,</p>
+<p class="line">Till the last brave Indian warrior</p>
+<p class="line">Crossed the Father Waters' tide,</p>
+<p class="line">Crossed the gentle flowing river,</p>
+<p class="line">With its current deep and wide.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then they rested from their journey,</p>
+<p class="line">Rested for a little while,</p>
+<p class="line">On the bluff above the river,</p>
+<p class="line">Where they saw her laughing smile.</p>
+<p class="line">They could see the sun at morning</p>
+<p class="line">Rise up quickly from his rest,</p>
+<p class="line">See him hasting to his zenith,</p>
+<p class="line">Soon to go down in the west.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then the winter came on quickly,</p>
+<p class="line">Killing corn and grass and cane,</p>
+<p class="line">And the wind brought cloudy weather,</p>
+<p class="line">With its snow and mist and rain,</p>
+<p class="line">And the tribe within the barracks</p>
+<p class="line">Were disheartened, one and all.</p>
+<p class="line">And they longed now for their Lufty,</p>
+<p class="line">With its cascade and its fall.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb41" href="#pb41" name=
+"pb41">41</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">But at last the genial sunshine</p>
+<p class="line">Took away the ice that froze</p>
+<p class="line">The corn of hope, from the tribesmen,</p>
+<p class="line">And the chilly wind that blows,</p>
+<p class="line">Along the valley, of the river,</p>
+<p class="line">Over bog and prairie, too;</p>
+<p class="line">And an order came with springtime,</p>
+<p class="line">&ldquo;You the journey must renew.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then they rose up in the morning,</p>
+<p class="line">Rose before the dawn of day,</p>
+<p class="line">Rolled and tied the tents together,</p>
+<p class="line">And were quickly on their way,</p>
+<p class="line">On their way to Oklahoma,</p>
+<p class="line">Out across Missouri land,</p>
+<p class="line">Chief and squaw and wary warrior,</p>
+<p class="line">Marched the Cherokee brave band.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">To the western reservation,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the bison and the owl,</p>
+<p class="line">And the she-wolf, fox and serpent</p>
+<p class="line">Writhe and roam and nightly prowl;</p>
+<p class="line">This the country where they took them,</p>
+<p class="line">This the country that they gave</p>
+<p class="line">In exchange for their own country,</p>
+<p class="line">To the chief and squaw and brave.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb42" href="#pb42" name=
+"pb42">42</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Leaving all they loved behind them,</p>
+<p class="line">Leaving all to them most dear,</p>
+<p class="line">And they settled there so lonely,</p>
+<p class="line">In a country dry and drear;</p>
+<p class="line">There to pine away in sorrow,</p>
+<p class="line">And repining, die of grief;</p>
+<p class="line">From the solitude and silence</p>
+<p class="line">Of this land there&rsquo;s no relief.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="main">II.</h3>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Amid the hills of Carolina,</p>
+<p class="line">Hills impregnant with rich bliss,</p>
+<p class="line">With their grots and groves and fountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Hills that love-beams love to kiss;</p>
+<p class="line">Roamed the dark, but pretty maiden,</p>
+<p class="line">Occoneechee, lovely child,</p>
+<p class="line">Roamed she far out in the mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">&lsquo;Mid their solitude so wild.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Dreamed she oft here, as she rambled,</p>
+<p class="line">Of her warrior Whippoorwill,</p>
+<p class="line">Of her lover, long her lover,</p>
+<p class="line">Whom she first met near the rill,</p>
+<p class="line">High upon the Smoky Mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the sunset&rsquo;s afterglow</p>
+<p class="line">Holds the secrets of Dame Nature</p>
+<p class="line">From the sons of men below.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb43" href="#pb43" name=
+"pb43">43</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Occoneechee sought her lover,</p>
+<p class="line">Down Oconaluftee&rsquo;s vale,</p>
+<p class="line">Through the brush and tangled wildwood,</p>
+<p class="line">Without compass, chart or trail,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the river Tuckaseigee</p>
+<p class="line">Dashes down its rocky bed,</p>
+<p class="line">Near a trail long since deserted,</p>
+<p class="line">Over which a tribe once sped.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="table">
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft cellTop">
+<div class="figure xd23e1794width" id="p043-1"><img src=
+"images/p043-1.jpg" alt="Upper Catawba Falls, Esmeralda, N. C." width=
+"326" height="505">
+<p class="figureHead">Upper Catawba Falls, Esmeralda, N. C.</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+<td class="cellRight cellTop">
+<div class="figure xd23e1799width" id="p043-2"><img src=
+"images/p043-2.jpg" alt="Occoneechee Falls, Jackson County, N. C."
+width="332" height="514">
+<p class="figureHead">Occoneechee Falls, Jackson County, N. C.</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft cellBottom">
+<div class="figure xd23e1805width" id="p043-3"><img src=
+"images/p043-3.jpg" alt="In the Cherokee Country." width="331" height=
+"507">
+<p class="figureHead">In the Cherokee Country.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Falls and foams and seethes forever.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+</td>
+<td class="cellRight cellBottom">
+<div class="figure xd23e1817width" id="p043-4"><img src=
+"images/p043-4.jpg" alt="Whitewater Falls." width="333" height="510">
+<p class="figureHead">Whitewater Falls.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Pours its deluge down the ravine</p>
+<p class="line">Unobstructed in its rage.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then she wandered down the river,</p>
+<p class="line">On and on, as on it flows,</p>
+<p class="line">Wades the river, wades its branches,</p>
+<p class="line">Follows it where&rsquo;er it goes</p>
+<p class="line">Through the laurel brush and ivy,</p>
+<p class="line">Over spreading beds of fern,</p>
+<p class="line">Over rock moss-covered ledges,</p>
+<p class="line">Follows every winding turn,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Till it flows into the river,</p>
+<p class="line">Called the Little Tennessee,</p>
+<p class="line">Here she lingers long and tarries,</p>
+<p class="line">And she strains her eyes to see</p>
+<p class="line">If her vision will reveal him,</p>
+<p class="line">And abates her breath to hear</p>
+<p class="line">The voice of Whippoorwill, her lover,</p>
+<p class="line">One of all to her most dear.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb44" href="#pb44" name=
+"pb44">44</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Yet no sound came to relieve her,</p>
+<p class="line">And no vision came to please,</p>
+<p class="line">And it never dawned upon her,</p>
+<p class="line">Here among the virgin trees,</p>
+<p class="line">That her lover was transported,</p>
+<p class="line">With the brave and chief and child</p>
+<p class="line">To the land of Oklahoma,</p>
+<p class="line">Land so lonely, weird and wild.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Up the stream she then ascended,</p>
+<p class="line">Slowly, surely did she march,</p>
+<p class="line">&lsquo;Neath the spreading oak and hemlock,</p>
+<p class="line">Resting oft beneath their arch.</p>
+<p class="line">Walls of solid spar and granite</p>
+<p class="line">Roared their heads up toward the blue,</p>
+<p class="line">But no wall or hill or river</p>
+<p class="line">Could impede the maiden true.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">She now reached the Nantahala,</p>
+<p class="line">Picturesque in every way,</p>
+<p class="line">And she rested &lsquo;neath the shadow</p>
+<p class="line">Of the mountain tall and gray;</p>
+<p class="line">High the mountain, clear the water,</p>
+<p class="line">That comes rushing down the side</p>
+<p class="line">Of the mountain from the forest</p>
+<p class="line">With its unpolluted tide.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb45" href="#pb45" name=
+"pb45">45</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Speckled beauties swam the water,</p>
+<p class="line">Swam as only they can do;</p>
+<p class="line">Deer in herds roamed all the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">Only Cherokees were few.</p>
+<p class="line">Eagles, swift upon their pinions,</p>
+<p class="line">Soared aloft upon the air,</p>
+<p class="line">They would turn their eyes to heaven,</p>
+<p class="line">Then down on the maiden fair,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">As to guard her in her roaming,</p>
+<p class="line">For she had no other guide,</p>
+<p class="line">Save one squaw and constellation,</p>
+<p class="line">And the racing river tide.</p>
+<p class="line">Birds had ceased their long migration,</p>
+<p class="line">Not a cloud disturbed the blue</p>
+<p class="line">Of the canopy of heaven,</p>
+<p class="line">And the country they passed through.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Nightingale and thrush and robin</p>
+<p class="line">Mated, sang and dwelt serene,</p>
+<p class="line">In the forest, by the river,</p>
+<p class="line">With its banks so fresh and green,</p>
+<p class="line">And each spoke to Occoneechee,</p>
+<p class="line">In the language Nature gives,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the flora and the fauna,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the child of Nature lives.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb46" href="#pb46" name=
+"pb46">46</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then she rambled through the mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">To the summit, grand and high,</p>
+<p class="line">Where Tusquittee&rsquo;s bald and forest</p>
+<p class="line">Penetrates the cloudless sky.</p>
+<p class="line">Unobstructed vision reaches</p>
+<p class="line">&lsquo;Cross the Valley River, wide,</p>
+<p class="line">To the Hiawassee river,</p>
+<p class="line">Flowing in its lordly pride.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Here the panorama rises</p>
+<p class="line">In its beauty grand and gay,</p>
+<p class="line">As you linger on the summit,</p>
+<p class="line">As you hesitating stay;</p>
+<p class="line">Visions long out in the distance;</p>
+<p class="line">Haunt you with enchanted smile,</p>
+<p class="line">And the reverie of Nature</p>
+<p class="line">Doth the wanderer beguile.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Valleytown, the Indian village,</p>
+<p class="line">And Aquone, the camping ground,</p>
+<p class="line">Cheoas vale within the distance,</p>
+<p class="line">Once where Cherokee were found,</p>
+<p class="line">Came within the easy focus</p>
+<p class="line">Of the trained observant eye</p>
+<p class="line">Of the maiden on the mountain,</p>
+<p class="line">Near the clearest vaulted sky.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb47" href="#pb47" name=
+"pb47">47</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Occoneechee looked and wondered,</p>
+<p class="line">Scanned the mountain, scanned the vale,</p>
+<p class="line">And she lifted up her voice there,</p>
+<p class="line">And began to weep and wail;</p>
+<p class="line">For her lover, long departed,</p>
+<p class="line">For her lover brave and true,</p>
+<p class="line">And she wondered if he tarried</p>
+<p class="line">In the reaches of her view.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Still no sight or sound revealed him,</p>
+<p class="line">Beauty smiled and smiled again,</p>
+<p class="line">As she sighed and prayed to Nature,</p>
+<p class="line">Yet her anxious thoughts were vain.</p>
+<p class="line">For the valley and the mountain,</p>
+<p class="line">And the river and the rill,</p>
+<p class="line">Separated Occoneechee</p>
+<p class="line">From her lover Whippoorwill.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then she to the Hiawassee,</p>
+<p class="line">Wound the mountain-side and vale,</p>
+<p class="line">And she made a boat of hemlock,</p>
+<p class="line">And she left the mountain trail,</p>
+<p class="line">And she launched the boat of hemlock</p>
+<p class="line">On the Hiawassee tide,</p>
+<p class="line">Launched the boat and went within it,</p>
+<p class="line">Down the silver stream to glide.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb48" href="#pb48" name=
+"pb48">48</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Down the river set with forest,</p>
+<p class="line">Nottely joins the quickened pace</p>
+<p class="line">Of the river and the maiden,</p>
+<p class="line">In their onward rapid race,</p>
+<p class="line">And she passes through the narrows,</p>
+<p class="line">Through the narrows quick she flew,</p>
+<p class="line">Through the spray and foaming current,</p>
+<p class="line">With her long hemlock canoe.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Faster sped the boat of hemlock,</p>
+<p class="line">Past the mountains and the shoal,</p>
+<p class="line">Past the inlet Conasauga,</p>
+<p class="line">Where Okoee waters roll;</p>
+<p class="line">Here she stopped to make inquiry</p>
+<p class="line">Of a relegated brave.</p>
+<p class="line">If he&rsquo;d seen her wandering lover,</p>
+<p class="line">In the forest, by the wave.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then she left the boat of hemlock,</p>
+<p class="line">Roamed the forest far and wide,</p>
+<p class="line">Crossed the mountain streams and fountains,</p>
+<p class="line">With their cliff and foaming tide,</p>
+<p class="line">Followed far Okoee river,</p>
+<p class="line">Toccoa laves her weary feet,</p>
+<p class="line">Ellijay and Coogawattee</p>
+<p class="line">Do the pretty maiden greet.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb49" href="#pb49" name=
+"pb49">49</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Not a word in all her wanderings</p>
+<p class="line">Did she hear of Whippoorwill,</p>
+<p class="line">Though she roamed through leagues of forest,</p>
+<p class="line">And by many a rippling rill.</p>
+<p class="line">Candy creek and Oostanula,</p>
+<p class="line">Both were followed to their source,</p>
+<p class="line">With their winding current flowing</p>
+<p class="line">In their ever onward course.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Where the brave had traveled with her,</p>
+<p class="line">And had told her many tales</p>
+<p class="line">Of the wars he&rsquo;d been engaged in,</p>
+<p class="line">And the windings of the trails,</p>
+<p class="line">Over which the tribe had traveled</p>
+<p class="line">In the years that long had flown,</p>
+<p class="line">And the land now held by strangers,</p>
+<p class="line">Which his tribe once called their own.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">And at evening in the autumn,</p>
+<p class="line">When the leaves turn brown and red,</p>
+<p class="line">And the hickory and the maple</p>
+<p class="line">Gild with yellow as they shed,</p>
+<p class="line">And the poplar and the chestnut,</p>
+<p class="line">And the beech and chinquapin,</p>
+<p class="line">Hide the squirrel and the pheasant</p>
+<p class="line">From the sight of selfish men;</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb50" href="#pb50" name=
+"pb50">50</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Where the grapevine climbs the alder,</p>
+<p class="line">Clings with tendril to the pine,</p>
+<p class="line">And the air is sweetly laden</p>
+<p class="line">With rich odors from the vine;</p>
+<p class="line">And the walnut and the dogwood</p>
+<p class="line">Furnish dainties rich and rare,</p>
+<p class="line">For the chipmunk and the partridge,</p>
+<p class="line">Which perchance do wander there.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Where the otter slide is slickened,</p>
+<p class="line">And the weasel and the mink</p>
+<p class="line">Do come creeping down the river,</p>
+<p class="line">There to bathe and fish and drink,</p>
+<p class="line">And the red fox roams the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">And defies the fleetest hound,</p>
+<p class="line">And the panther in the forest</p>
+<p class="line">Makes a hideous screaming sound.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Here the brave would sit and tell them</p>
+<p class="line">Tales and myths told oft before,</p>
+<p class="line">Tales of war and of adventure,</p>
+<p class="line">By great chiefs now known no more;</p>
+<p class="line">And one night they heard the shrieking</p>
+<p class="line">Of a wildcat near the stream,</p>
+<p class="line">That awakened them from slumber</p>
+<p class="line">And disturbed their peaceful dream;</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb51" href="#pb51" name=
+"pb51">51</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">For a panther, fierce and fearless,</p>
+<p class="line">Had come creeping down the side</p>
+<p class="line">Of the cliffs far up the mountain,</p>
+<p class="line">Near the Hiawassee tide,</p>
+<p class="line">And they met down near the river,</p>
+<p class="line">And they fought down near the stream,</p>
+<p class="line">And they made the night grow hideous</p>
+<p class="line">With their awful shrieks and scream.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e2250width" id="p051-1"><img src=
+"images/p051-1.jpg" alt="The Balsam Mountains." width="647" height=
+"478">
+<p class="figureHead">The Balsam Mountains.</p>
+<p class="par first">In Jackson Co., N. C.</p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e2257width" id="p051-2"><img src=
+"images/p051-2.jpg" alt="North from Sunset Rock, Tryon Mt." width="642"
+height="481">
+<p class="figureHead">North from Sunset Rock, Tryon Mt.</p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then she took her boat of hemlock,</p>
+<p class="line">And they launched it on the wave,</p>
+<p class="line">And they sat upon its gunnels,</p>
+<p class="line">Occoneechee squaw and brave,</p>
+<p class="line">And they pushed out in the current,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the waves were rolling high,</p>
+<p class="line">And the boat sped through the rapids,</p>
+<p class="line">Fast as flocks of pigeons fly.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Pushed they down and ever onward</p>
+<p class="line">Toward the placid Tennessee,</p>
+<p class="line">To the island and the inlet</p>
+<p class="line">Of the rolling Hiawassee.</p>
+<p class="line">Here they camped o&rsquo;er night and rested,</p>
+<p class="line">Told they tales of long ago,</p>
+<p class="line">With their memories and sorrows</p>
+<p class="line">Breathed they out their care and woe.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb52" href="#pb52" name=
+"pb52">52</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then they floated down the river,</p>
+<p class="line">On its smooth, unrippled tide.</p>
+<p class="line">To the creek of Chicamauga,</p>
+<p class="line">Where so many braves had died.</p>
+<p class="line">And they tented near the river,</p>
+<p class="line">Tied their boat up to the bank,</p>
+<p class="line">Where John Ross had crossed the river,</p>
+<p class="line">Where his ferryboat once sank.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Wandered through the vale of dryness,</p>
+<p class="line">Chattanooga&rsquo;s pretty flow,</p>
+<p class="line">Clear as crystal, pure as sunbeams,</p>
+<p class="line">Winding hither too and fro.</p>
+<p class="line">Drank the waters, bathed they in it,</p>
+<p class="line">Fished and hunted stream and plain,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the buffalo once wandered,</p>
+<p class="line">But where none now doth remain.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Like a serpent that is crawling,</p>
+<p class="line">Wriggling, writhing, resting not,</p>
+<p class="line">Fleeing from a strange invader</p>
+<p class="line">To some lone secluded spot,</p>
+<p class="line">Winds and curves and turns forever,</p>
+<p class="line">In its course that has no end,</p>
+<p class="line">Swings to starboard and to larboard,</p>
+<p class="line">Round the Moccasin&rsquo;s great bend.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb53" href="#pb53" name=
+"pb53">53</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Flows the river on forever,</p>
+<p class="line">By the nodding flowering tree,</p>
+<p class="line">Shedding fragrance like a censer,</p>
+<p class="line">Flows the pretty Tennessee;</p>
+<p class="line">On her bosom&rsquo;s crest is carried</p>
+<p class="line">Precious burdens, rich and rare,</p>
+<p class="line">From the fertile fields about her,</p>
+<p class="line">And the ozone-laden air.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Occoneechee squaw and warrior</p>
+<p class="line">Rode the silver-flowing tide,</p>
+<p class="line">in the boat made out of hemlock,</p>
+<p class="line">Which so long had been their pride;</p>
+<p class="line">But the time now came for parting,</p>
+<p class="line">As must come in every life,</p>
+<p class="line">That is heir to human nature,</p>
+<p class="line">With its toil and woe and strife.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Here Sequatchie&rsquo;s fertile valley,</p>
+<p class="line">They approached and must ascend,</p>
+<p class="line">Like the cloud before the sunbeam,</p>
+<p class="line">Driven by the fiercest wind;</p>
+<p class="line">Then they hid the boat of hemlock,</p>
+<p class="line">Sure and safe, then bade adieu,</p>
+<p class="line">To the boat upon the river,</p>
+<p class="line">Which had been their friend so true.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb54" href="#pb54" name=
+"pb54">54</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then they mounted little ponies,</p>
+<p class="line">Fresh and sleek and fat and fast,</p>
+<p class="line">And they sped along the valley,</p>
+<p class="line">Like the birds upon the blast,</p>
+<p class="line">Looking for the handsome warrior,</p>
+<p class="line">Looking hither, glancing there,</p>
+<p class="line">And quite often on the journey,</p>
+<p class="line">They would stop to offer prayer;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">But the valley held the secret;</p>
+<p class="line">Not a living man could wrest,</p>
+<p class="line">From the valley rich and fertile,</p>
+<p class="line">Secrets buried in its breast;</p>
+<p class="line">Though the tribe had ceased to own it,</p>
+<p class="line">Though the tribe had passed away,</p>
+<p class="line">From the valley of Sequatchie,</p>
+<p class="line">Like the fading of the day,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Still the signs and many tokens</p>
+<p class="line">Told a tale of war and strife,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the whites had used the rifle,</p>
+<p class="line">And the braves had used the knife,</p>
+<p class="line">For the bleaching bones of warriors</p>
+<p class="line">Were discovered everywhere,</p>
+<p class="line">And the hideous sight brought sorrow,</p>
+<p class="line">To this maiden now so fair,</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb55" href="#pb55" name=
+"pb55">55</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Birds were singing in the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">Merrily and full of glee,</p>
+<p class="line">And a symphony unrivaled</p>
+<p class="line">Flooded forestland and lea;</p>
+<p class="line">With the mellow tones from singers,</p>
+<p class="line">Varied, versatile and sweet,</p>
+<p class="line">Came from forest and from meadow,</p>
+<p class="line">Came the attuned ear to greet.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">And when evening shade would settle,</p>
+<p class="line">And the moon full rose to view,</p>
+<p class="line">And the zephyrs filled the valley,</p>
+<p class="line">And the flowers suffused with dew,</p>
+<p class="line">Then the nightingale would lure them</p>
+<p class="line">Or the mockingbird hold sway,</p>
+<p class="line">From the advent of Orion,</p>
+<p class="line">Till the dawning of the day.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Stretching meadows lay before them,</p>
+<p class="line">Rich with fragrance, rare with flowers,</p>
+<p class="line">Variegated blending colors</p>
+<p class="line">Lent a rapture to its bowers,</p>
+<p class="line">That outstripped the fields elysian,</p>
+<p class="line">Decked with Nature&rsquo;s rarest guise,</p>
+<p class="line">Pleasure-house for wisest sages,</p>
+<p class="line">Such as only fools despise.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb56" href="#pb56" name=
+"pb56">56</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Such the scenes within the valley,</p>
+<p class="line">As they joyous sped along,</p>
+<p class="line">Filled with rapture, filled with pleasure,</p>
+<p class="line">At the scenery and the song.</p>
+<p class="line">Nature clapped her hands exultant,</p>
+<p class="line">In the sylvan groves so green,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the Goddess Proserpina</p>
+<p class="line">Was enthroned majestic queen.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Mighty warriors red with passion,</p>
+<p class="line">Once had trod this virgin soil,</p>
+<p class="line">And had rested in the valley,</p>
+<p class="line">When o&rsquo;ercome by heat and toil;</p>
+<p class="line">Sportive maidens once delighted</p>
+<p class="line">To engage in dance and song,</p>
+<p class="line">With the warriors in the valley,</p>
+<p class="line">With the chieftains brave and strong.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">But the mighty men and maidens</p>
+<p class="line">Long since ceased this land to roam,</p>
+<p class="line">Since the pale face armed with power,</p>
+<p class="line">Killed the braves and burned the home,</p>
+<p class="line">Took the land and burned the wigwam,</p>
+<p class="line">Bound the chief and drove away,</p>
+<p class="line">All the warriors, squaws and maidens,</p>
+<p class="line">Toward the golden close of day.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb57" href="#pb57" name=
+"pb57">57</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Happy children, wild with rapture,</p>
+<p class="line">Laughed with ecstasy and glee,</p>
+<p class="line">Once had filled the vale with echoes,</p>
+<p class="line">And had sported lithe and free,</p>
+<p class="line">All along the hill-locked valley,</p>
+<p class="line">Played lacrosse and strung the bow,</p>
+<p class="line">Ran the races, caught the squirrel,</p>
+<p class="line">In the distant long ago.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Sped they like the rolling torrent,</p>
+<p class="line">Thru the Appalachian chain,</p>
+<p class="line">With its towering peaks and gorges,</p>
+<p class="line">&lsquo;Mid its sunshine and its rain,</p>
+<p class="line">Sped along the flowing Chuckey,</p>
+<p class="line">With its reddened banks of clay,</p>
+<p class="line">Were delighted by its beauty,</p>
+<p class="line">Were enticed with it to stay;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Saw the rushing, rolling waters</p>
+<p class="line">Fall and foam and seeth below,</p>
+<p class="line">Saw the cascade of Watauga</p>
+<p class="line">Surging hither to and fro;</p>
+<p class="line">Looked with tireless vision upward,</p>
+<p class="line">Viewed from summits high and proud,</p>
+<p class="line">Landscapes grander than Olympus,</p>
+<p class="line">With their crags above the cloud.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb58" href="#pb58" name=
+"pb58">58</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Occoneechee,&rdquo; said the warrior,</p>
+<p class="line">In a gentle tone, and mild,</p>
+<p class="line">&ldquo;I remember all this grandeur,</p>
+<p class="line">Since I was a little child,</p>
+<p class="line">I have traveled trail and mountain,</p>
+<p class="line">Chased Showono, deer and bear,</p>
+<p class="line">Crossed Kentucky in the chases,</p>
+<p class="line">Seen the blue-grass state so fair.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Once while hotly, I pursuing,</p>
+<p class="line">Buck with antlers fierce and strong,</p>
+<p class="line">Came upon a band of white men,</p>
+<p class="line">With their rifles black and long,</p>
+<p class="line">Came a flash of rifle powder,</p>
+<p class="line">Quick as lightning came the sounds,</p>
+<p class="line">From reverberating rifles,</p>
+<p class="line">And the bark of baying hounds.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">They had slain the buck with antlers,</p>
+<p class="line">And would be upon me soon,</p>
+<p class="line">If discovered by their captain,</p>
+<p class="line">By their captain, Daniel Boone;</p>
+<p class="line">He the hunter, Indian hater,</p>
+<p class="line">Chief and captain, pioneer,</p>
+<p class="line">Known to every tribe and tribesman,</p>
+<p class="line">To be destitute of fear.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb59" href="#pb59" name=
+"pb59">59</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Quick I back into the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">Without noise or slightest sound,</p>
+<p class="line">Lest perchance I draw attention,</p>
+<p class="line">From the hunter or his hound.</p>
+<p class="line">&rsquo;Twas a wilderness of wildness,</p>
+<p class="line">Transylvania was its name,</p>
+<p class="line">Home of coon and hare and turkey,</p>
+<p class="line">And all sorts of kindred game.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Once the noble chiefs and warriors</p>
+<p class="line">Roamed Kentucky far and wide,</p>
+<p class="line">Far along the broad Ohio,</p>
+<p class="line">Strode the Indians by her tide;</p>
+<p class="line">And they camped and roamed the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">Dense and dark, supremely grand,</p>
+<p class="line">Dominated vale and forest,</p>
+<p class="line">Dominated all the land;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Chased the scouting bands of warriors,</p>
+<p class="line">Who would dare to camp and die,</p>
+<p class="line">On the soil of old Kentucky,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the meadow grass grew high;</p>
+<p class="line">Hiding &lsquo;neath the waving grasses,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the muskrat and the snake,</p>
+<p class="line">And the hedge hog and the weasel,</p>
+<p class="line">Lurked in shade of vine and brake.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb60" href="#pb60" name=
+"pb60">60</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">I was with good Junaluska,</p>
+<p class="line">In the battles and the raids,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the Creek and the Showano</p>
+<p class="line">Lent each other all their aids,</p>
+<p class="line">When upon the Tallapoosa</p>
+<p class="line">River, at the Horseshoe bend,</p>
+<p class="line">We joined hands with General Jackson,</p>
+<p class="line">And by death we made an end,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Of the Creeks and all their allies,</p>
+<p class="line">Who assembled, one and all.</p>
+<p class="line">To resist our mighty forces,</p>
+<p class="line">They had built their mighty wall,</p>
+<p class="line">Built it strong and reinforced it,</p>
+<p class="line">Not a single spot was weak,</p>
+<p class="line">For &rsquo;twas built by master workmen,</p>
+<p class="line">By the tribesmen of the Creek.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">When the work was strong and finished,</p>
+<p class="line">All the warriors came to dwell</p>
+<p class="line">In the fortress, by the river,</p>
+<p class="line">Came they tales of war to tell;</p>
+<p class="line">Came a thousand of the warriors,</p>
+<p class="line">With their weapons and their wives,</p>
+<p class="line">Came and lodged within the fortress,</p>
+<p class="line">Like the swarming bees in hives;</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb61" href="#pb61" name=
+"pb61">61</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Brought their children and their chattels,</p>
+<p class="line">Brought they gun, and club and spear,</p>
+<p class="line">For they thought once in the fortress,</p>
+<p class="line">That they&rsquo;d have no harm to fear,</p>
+<p class="line">But the Cherokee and Jackson</p>
+<p class="line">Brought out cannon great and small,</p>
+<p class="line">And they raised the siege of Horseshoe,</p>
+<p class="line">Throwing many a shell and ball;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Into fortress, into village,</p>
+<p class="line">Flew the missiles thick and fast,</p>
+<p class="line">Like the rain, among the rigging,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the sailor&rsquo;s spar and mast,</p>
+<p class="line">Crushing, crashing stone of fortress,</p>
+<p class="line">Making splinters of the wall,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the fortress by the river,</p>
+<p class="line">With the heavy cannon ball.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">But it fell not in the fury</p>
+<p class="line">Of the battle&rsquo;s hottest fray,</p>
+<p class="line">Stood the test like old Gibraltar,</p>
+<p class="line">All the night and all the day,</p>
+<p class="line">And the progress was so slowly,</p>
+<p class="line">That the battle must be lost,</p>
+<p class="line">To the Cherokee and Jackson,</p>
+<p class="line">And so great would be the cost,</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb62" href="#pb62" name=
+"pb62">62</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">If some means were not discovered,</p>
+<p class="line">To dislodge the valiant Creek,</p>
+<p class="line">Now entrenched within the fortress,</p>
+<p class="line">Growing strong instead of weak.</p>
+<p class="line">Junaluska said to Jackson,</p>
+<p class="line">&lsquo;Choose ye this day man or men,</p>
+<p class="line">Who can breast the tide before you,</p>
+<p class="line">Who will try to enter in;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Who can swim the Tallapoosa,</p>
+<p class="line">Who can stem the flowing tide,</p>
+<p class="line">Who are noble, strong and fearless,</p>
+<p class="line">And have God upon their side.</p>
+<p class="line">If you have such men among you,</p>
+<p class="line">Let them come forth one and all,</p>
+<p class="line">Let them dare to do their duty,</p>
+<p class="line">Let them dare to stand or fall.&rsquo;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Not one man of all the white men</p>
+<p class="line">Could be found who dared to try</p>
+<p class="line">To o&rsquo;ercome the Tallapoosa,</p>
+<p class="line">Or would risk his life to die.</p>
+<p class="line">So your guide whom God has given,</p>
+<p class="line">Volunteered to risk the wave,</p>
+<p class="line">With your father, Junaluska,</p>
+<p class="line">Volunteered, his tribe to save.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb63" href="#pb63" name=
+"pb63">63</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then we sought our God in silence,</p>
+<p class="line">And became resigned to death,</p>
+<p class="line">That lay out upon the current</p>
+<p class="line">Of the river&rsquo;s silent breath.</p>
+<p class="line">Under cover of the darkness,</p>
+<p class="line">And the solitude of night,</p>
+<p class="line">We betook the awful peril,</p>
+<p class="line">With a tremor of delight.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Silently we now descended</p>
+<p class="line">To the deathlike river tide,</p>
+<p class="line">Following a star&rsquo;s reflection,</p>
+<p class="line">For a signboard and a guide;</p>
+<p class="line">To point out the right direction,</p>
+<p class="line">And to bring us into port,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the canoes lay at anchor,</p>
+<p class="line">Near the stolid silent fort.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Quick we loosed them from their moorings</p>
+<p class="line">Each man lashed beside his boat&mdash;</p>
+<p class="line">Quite a dozen, swift as arrows,</p>
+<p class="line">And we set them all afloat;</p>
+<p class="line">Shot them straight across the river,</p>
+<p class="line">Like a flash at lightning speed,</p>
+<p class="line">Faster than the fleetest greyhound,</p>
+<p class="line">Bounding like a blooded steed.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb64" href="#pb64" name=
+"pb64">64</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">When we reached the army&rsquo;s landing,</p>
+<p class="line">Quick the boats were filled with men;</p>
+<p class="line">Like a thunderbolt from heaven,</p>
+<p class="line">Did the deadly work begin.</p>
+<p class="line">Transports glided o&rsquo;er the current,</p>
+<p class="line">Like a shuttle to and fro,</p>
+<p class="line">Moving Cherokee and white men,</p>
+<p class="line">To confront a worthy foe.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Scaled the ramparts of the fortress,</p>
+<p class="line">Stormed the inner citadel,</p>
+<p class="line">And we massacred the inmates!</p>
+<p class="line">How? No human tongue can tell.</p>
+<p class="line">Not a woman, child or human</p>
+<p class="line">Made escape, but all were slain</p>
+<p class="line">In the fort or in the river,</p>
+<p class="line">Or upon the gory plain.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">When the massacre and slaughter</p>
+<p class="line">Had abated, all the slain</p>
+<p class="line">Numbered more than a thousand,</p>
+<p class="line">In the fort or on the plain.</p>
+<p class="line">Many floated in the river,</p>
+<p class="line">Many died out in the woods,</p>
+<p class="line">And were buried in the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">By erosion or the floods.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb65" href="#pb65" name=
+"pb65">65</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Sad and silent stood the fortress,</p>
+<p class="line">All deserted and alone;</p>
+<p class="line">Not a man or child or matron,</p>
+<p class="line">Now was left to claim their own.</p>
+<p class="line">All the warriors and the chieftains</p>
+<p class="line">Died in conflict true and brave;</p>
+<p class="line">None were left to tell the story,</p>
+<p class="line">Or to mark some lonely grave.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Cruel man! O God, forgive them!</p>
+<p class="line">Pity such a cruel race.</p>
+<p class="line">In their stead, O God of nations,</p>
+<p class="line">Send some one to take their place,</p>
+<p class="line">Who is humane, who is human,</p>
+<p class="line">Who is honest, kind and true,</p>
+<p class="line">Who when given strength and power,</p>
+<p class="line">Destroys not, but spares a few.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">In the lore of ancient nations,</p>
+<p class="line">In the tales of modern times,</p>
+<p class="line">In the prose that now remaineth,</p>
+<p class="line">Nor the poet&rsquo;s splendid rhymes,</p>
+<p class="line">Is a story told more cruel</p>
+<p class="line">Than the slaughter of the Creeks,</p>
+<p class="line">By the Persians, Jews or Romans,</p>
+<p class="line">Macedonians or Greeks;</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb66" href="#pb66" name=
+"pb66">66</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Where a nation, like a shadow,</p>
+<p class="line">Vanished quickly and was not,</p>
+<p class="line">Like a vapor in the valley</p>
+<p class="line">Passes and is soon forgot.</p>
+<p class="line">Passes like a fleeing phantom,</p>
+<p class="line">Like a mist before the sun,</p>
+<p class="line">Came and tarried for a moment,</p>
+<p class="line">And forever was undone.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Occoneechee, come and travel,</p>
+<p class="line">To the distant mountains high,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the summit of the mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Tower upward toward the sky.</p>
+<p class="line">Delectable the splendid mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Rich in ferns forever green,</p>
+<p class="line">And the galaxy of the mountains</p>
+<p class="line">Are the rarest ever seen.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Mortal eyes have never witnessed,</p>
+<p class="line">Mortal tongue can never tell</p>
+<p class="line">Of the grandeur and the beauty</p>
+<p class="line">Of the ravine and the dell.</p>
+<p class="line">Strange declivities confront you,</p>
+<p class="line">Then a sudden upright wall</p>
+<p class="line">Rises like a mystic figure,</p>
+<p class="line">With a splendid waterfall.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb67" href="#pb67" name=
+"pb67">67</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">I will take you to the summit</p>
+<p class="line">Of the mountains white with age,</p>
+<p class="line">And will show you where the tempests</p>
+<p class="line">Rush and roar with ceaseless rage,</p>
+<p class="line">Where phenomena electric</p>
+<p class="line">Makes mysterious display</p>
+<p class="line">Of their power and their beauty</p>
+<p class="line">In the distance far away;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e3100width" id="p067-1"><img src=
+"images/p067-1.jpg" alt="Balsam Mountains." width="647" height="485">
+<p class="figureHead"><span class="corr" id="xd23e3102" title=
+"Not in source">Balsam Mountains.</span></p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;I will take you to the summit</p>
+<p class="line">Of the mountains white with age.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e3115width" id="p067-2"><img src=
+"images/p067-2.jpg" alt="From Bald Rock." width="640" height="489">
+<p class="figureHead">From Bald Rock.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;At the juncture of the river</p>
+<p class="line">Where the Indians used to dwell.<span class="corr" id=
+"xd23e3127" title="Not in source">&rdquo;</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">You can see the flash of lightning,</p>
+<p class="line">And can hear the thunders roll,</p>
+<p class="line">With reverberating echoes,</p>
+<p class="line">That o&rsquo;erwhelm your very soul,</p>
+<p class="line">Make you sigh and shake and shudder,</p>
+<p class="line">Make you tremble like a leaf,</p>
+<p class="line">Make you crouch in soul and body,</p>
+<p class="line">Like the life o&rsquo;ercome with grief.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Yet you stand and gaze in wonder,</p>
+<p class="line">Watch the elements grown dark;</p>
+<p class="line">Adoration turns to terror,</p>
+<p class="line">At the least electric spark;</p>
+<p class="line">Vivid flashes light the heavens,</p>
+<p class="line">Keep them in perpetual glow,</p>
+<p class="line">Like aurora borealis</p>
+<p class="line">From beyond eternal snow.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb68" href="#pb68" name=
+"pb68">68</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">God eternal sends the sunshine,</p>
+<p class="line">Melts the vapor, chains the cloud,</p>
+<p class="line">Cages up the lightning flashes,</p>
+<p class="line">Stops the peels of thunder loud.</p>
+<p class="line">Changes discord into music,</p>
+<p class="line">And the soul with it He thrills,</p>
+<p class="line">From the music on the mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Made by leaping, laughing rills.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Look! behold the ray that cometh,</p>
+<p class="line">Fills the earth with hope again,</p>
+<p class="line">Dissipates the clouds and vapor,</p>
+<p class="line">With their shadows and their rain.</p>
+<p class="line">See the sunburst full of glory,</p>
+<p class="line">Shoot forth rays of gilt and gold,</p>
+<p class="line">Sung by bards, portrayed by artists</p>
+<p class="line">Yet its glory ne&rsquo;er was told.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Painters fail to give description,</p>
+<p class="line">Fail on canvas to portray,</p>
+<p class="line">Rising sun within the mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">And the glorious dawn of day;</p>
+<p class="line">Sages, bards and humble poets,</p>
+<p class="line">All are pigmies in the eyes</p>
+<p class="line">Of the one who stands and watches</p>
+<p class="line">Sunshine from its sleep arise.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb69" href="#pb69" name=
+"pb69">69</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Picturesque! O scenes eternal!</p>
+<p class="line">From the dizzy, dizzy heights</p>
+<p class="line">Of Grandfather, Rone and Linville,</p>
+<p class="line">From which rivers take their flights.</p>
+<p class="line">Yadkin, Broad and the Catawbas,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the Indians used to roam,</p>
+<p class="line">Are the habitation only</p>
+<p class="line">Of the white man and his home.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">High upon the Linville mountains</p>
+<p class="line">Creeps a silent silver stream,</p>
+<p class="line">From the shadows of the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">Like the splendor of a dream,</p>
+<p class="line">Then it runs amid the boulders,</p>
+<p class="line">Joins with many sparkling rills,</p>
+<p class="line">That comes rushing from the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">Of those high eternal hills,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Till its speed becomes augmented,</p>
+<p class="line">Till you hear the rushing sounds,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the Linville river raging,</p>
+<p class="line">As it leaps and falls and bounds,</p>
+<p class="line">As it dashes through the granite,</p>
+<p class="line">Falls into the natural pool,</p>
+<p class="line">Built by nature in the chasm,</p>
+<p class="line">With its water clear and cool.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb70" href="#pb70" name=
+"pb70">70</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">In the Blue Ridge range of mountains</p>
+<p class="line">Stand a thousand spires and domes,</p>
+<p class="line">Built of adamant eternal,</p>
+<p class="line">From whose base the river roams,</p>
+<p class="line">Like the maiden Occoneechee,</p>
+<p class="line">Wanders out replete with tears,</p>
+<p class="line">Into strange lands, unto strangers,</p>
+<p class="line">Thru the lapse of passing years,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Longing to be reunited,</p>
+<p class="line">With her fiance forever,</p>
+<p class="line">From his presence and his wooing,</p>
+<p class="line">To be separated never.</p>
+<p class="line">Thus the river and the maiden</p>
+<p class="line">Rambled through the mountains wild,</p>
+<p class="line">Seeking for a long lost lover,</p>
+<p class="line">As a mother seeks her child.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Climbs the black dome of the mountain,</p>
+<p class="line">Richest pinnacle e&rsquo;er seen;</p>
+<p class="line">And the landscape lay before her,</p>
+<p class="line">With its mounds and vales between.</p>
+<p class="line">Lends enchantment grand and gorgeous,</p>
+<p class="line">Gives a new lease unto life,</p>
+<p class="line">And you soon forget you&rsquo;re living</p>
+<p class="line">In a world of care and strife.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb71" href="#pb71" name=
+"pb71">71</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Thus Mount Mitchell in the Blue Ridge,</p>
+<p class="line">Zenith hill among the hills,</p>
+<p class="line">Sends forth life anew forever,</p>
+<p class="line">And a thousand rippling rills.</p>
+<p class="line">In the distance the Savannah&rsquo;s</p>
+<p class="line">Flows a stream of pure delight,</p>
+<p class="line">Flows she on, and on forever,</p>
+<p class="line">Never stopping day or night.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">For her mission is a true one,</p>
+<p class="line">And the river ever true,</p>
+<p class="line">Rolls along the grandest valley,</p>
+<p class="line">That a river e&rsquo;er rolled through;</p>
+<p class="line">Peopled by a population</p>
+<p class="line">Rich in soul and thought divine,</p>
+<p class="line">From her source up in the mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Till her soul the sea entwines.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Turning to the sun that&rsquo;s setting,</p>
+<p class="line">Setting far beyond the rim,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the horizon of vision,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the eyes grow weak and dim,</p>
+<p class="line">You behold the Swannanoa,</p>
+<p class="line">Naiad, pure and fresh and sweet,</p>
+<p class="line">Crystalline, and cool and limpid,</p>
+<p class="line">Strays some other stream to greet.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb72" href="#pb72" name=
+"pb72">72</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">From the cliffside in the mountains</p>
+<p class="line">Roll a thousand little streams,</p>
+<p class="line">Laughing as they greet each other,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the sunshine never beams;</p>
+<p class="line">Rippling, idling, swirling slowly,</p>
+<p class="line">Leaping down a waterfall,</p>
+<p class="line">You can hear the drops of water,</p>
+<p class="line">Sweetly to their compeers call.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Down the valley glides the river,</p>
+<p class="line">Murmuring a sad farewell,</p>
+<p class="line">To the birds and bees and people,</p>
+<p class="line">Who along its highway dwell;</p>
+<p class="line">Wishing them a happy future,</p>
+<p class="line">Wishing them prosperity,</p>
+<p class="line">While it fills its many missions</p>
+<p class="line">&lsquo;Twixt the mountains and the sea.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Bathing rocks, refreshing people,</p>
+<p class="line">Casting up its silver spray,</p>
+<p class="line">As it glides along the valley,</p>
+<p class="line">Flows forever and for aye.</p>
+<p class="line">Men may move their tents and chattels,</p>
+<p class="line">Others die or go astray,</p>
+<p class="line">Still the stream flows fresh forever,</p>
+<p class="line">Never resting night or day.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb73" href="#pb73" name=
+"pb73">73</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Giving life unto the flowers,</p>
+<p class="line">Blooming on its verdant side,</p>
+<p class="line">As it travels, as it journeys,</p>
+<p class="line">As its ripples make their stride.</p>
+<p class="line">In the gloaming of the twilight,</p>
+<p class="line">When the birds had ceased to fly,</p>
+<p class="line">And the dazzling dome of heaven</p>
+<p class="line">Gave resplendence to the sky.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e3446width" id="p073"><img src="images/p073.jpg"
+alt="Lower Cullasaja Falls." width="464" height="720">
+<p class="figureHead">Lower Cullasaja Falls.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;From the cliffside in the mountains</p>
+<p class="line">Roll a thousand little streams.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Occoneechee, squaw and warrior,</p>
+<p class="line">Watched the stream, as on it sped,</p>
+<p class="line">Rippling o&rsquo;er the pebbly bottom,</p>
+<p class="line">Lying on its rocky bed;</p>
+<p class="line">Grasses waving green around them,</p>
+<p class="line">Nodding boughs bid them adieu,</p>
+<p class="line">And it wafted them caresses,</p>
+<p class="line">Like the sunbeams sparkling dew.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Precious fragrance filled the valley,</p>
+<p class="line">From the sweet shrub and the pine,</p>
+<p class="line">Luscious fruits and ripening melons</p>
+<p class="line">Lade the apple tree and vine.</p>
+<p class="line">All along the pretty valley,</p>
+<p class="line">Harvest fields and curing hay</p>
+<p class="line">Make the white man rich and happy,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the warriors used to stray.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb74" href="#pb74" name=
+"pb74">74</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">At the juncture of the river,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the Indians used to dwell,</p>
+<p class="line">Where they made their pots of red clay,</p>
+<p class="line">Made them crude but made them well,</p>
+<p class="line">Here they tented long and hunted,</p>
+<p class="line">Fished the Tah-kee-os-tee stream,</p>
+<p class="line">Strolled along the racing river,</p>
+<p class="line">Where its rippling waters gleam.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Moons passed on, and yet no greetings</p>
+<p class="line">Came to cheer the wandering maid,</p>
+<p class="line">Who so long had sought her lover,</p>
+<p class="line">Till her hopes began to fade,</p>
+<p class="line">And she felt that she must hasten,</p>
+<p class="line">Quickly hasten thru the wild,</p>
+<p class="line">By the rapid river racing,</p>
+<p class="line">She the nature-loving child.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then they took their little ponies,</p>
+<p class="line">Girt them with a roebuck hide,</p>
+<p class="line">Seated on the nimble ponies,</p>
+<p class="line">Started swiftly on the ride,</p>
+<p class="line">On to Toxaway the river,</p>
+<p class="line">On to Toxaway the lake,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the leaf of vine and alder,</p>
+<p class="line">Hide the muskrat and the snake.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb75" href="#pb75" name=
+"pb75">75</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">All along the racing river,</p>
+<p class="line">Gorgeous forest trees are seen,</p>
+<p class="line">And the wild deer in the forest</p>
+<p class="line">Dwells beneath the coat of green.</p>
+<p class="line">Here the beaver, hare and turkey</p>
+<p class="line">Share their food and come to drink,</p>
+<p class="line">In the splendid spreading forest,</p>
+<p class="line">Near the Tah-kee-os-tee&rsquo;s brink.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Here they fished and caught the rainbow,</p>
+<p class="line">Caught the little mountain trout,</p>
+<p class="line">In the lake and in the river,</p>
+<p class="line">With their poles both crude and stout;</p>
+<p class="line">Caught the squirrel and the pheasant,</p>
+<p class="line">Chased the turkey, deer and bear,</p>
+<p class="line">Caught a-plenty, all they needed,</p>
+<p class="line">Yet they had not one to spare.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">In the sapphire land they lingered</p>
+<p class="line">Many days and many nights,</p>
+<p class="line">On the mountains, &lsquo;mid the laurel,</p>
+<p class="line">Looking at the wondrous sights,</p>
+<p class="line">That will greet you in the mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">That you see in vales below,</p>
+<p class="line">As you tread the paths untrodden,</p>
+<p class="line">As you wander to and fro.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb76" href="#pb76" name=
+"pb76">76</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">In the forest land primeval</p>
+<p class="line">Where the fountains form their heads,</p>
+<p class="line">Lies the famous vale of flowers,</p>
+<p class="line">Splendid valley of pink beds.</p>
+<p class="line">Every tribe and every hunter</p>
+<p class="line">Knows this lone secluded spot,</p>
+<p class="line">From the other vales so famous;</p>
+<p class="line">When once seen is ne&rsquo;er forgot.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">In this vale of flowers and sunshine,</p>
+<p class="line">Lies the Aidenn, most tranquil,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the sore and heavy-laden,</p>
+<p class="line">Gambol peacefully at will;</p>
+<p class="line">Hear the trill of distant music,</p>
+<p class="line">Played on Nature&rsquo;s vibrant chime,</p>
+<p class="line">Resonant with sweetest concord</p>
+<p class="line">All attuned to perfect time.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Here the weary, heavy-laden</p>
+<p class="line">Soul, may lose his load of care,</p>
+<p class="line">And the body, sick and wounded,</p>
+<p class="line">Find an answer to his prayer.</p>
+<p class="line">Precious incense here arises,</p>
+<p class="line">From the brasier of the vale</p>
+<p class="line">That ascends the lofty mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">By an unseen, trackless trail.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb77" href="#pb77" name=
+"pb77">77</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Pisgah stands, the peer and rival</p>
+<p class="line">Of Olympus, famed of old,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the gods met in their councils,</p>
+<p class="line">And their consultations held.</p>
+<p class="line">Looking far across the valleys,</p>
+<p class="line">They behold on either side,</p>
+<p class="line">Rivers, vales and gushing fountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Which forever shall abide.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e3671width" id="p077-1"><img src=
+"images/p077-1.jpg" alt="Mount Pisgah." width="647" height="641">
+<p class="figureHead"><span class="corr" id="xd23e3673" title=
+"Not in source">Mount Pisgah.</span></p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Pisgah stands the peer and rival</p>
+<p class="line">of Olympus, famed of old.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e3686width" id="p077-2"><img src=
+"images/p077-2.jpg" alt="Indian Mound, Franklin, N. C." width="648"
+height="324">
+<p class="figureHead">Indian Mound, Franklin, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Where the mound stands in the meadow</p>
+<p class="line">There the tribe was wont to gather.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">In the distance stands eternal,</p>
+<p class="line">Junaluska&rsquo;s pretty mound,</p>
+<p class="line">Which in beauty of the landscape</p>
+<p class="line">Is the grandest ever found.</p>
+<p class="line">Rushing streams of purest water,</p>
+<p class="line">Giving off their silver spray,</p>
+<p class="line">Add a beauty to the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">In a new and novel way.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">And the balsam peaks of fir tree</p>
+<p class="line">Looks like midnight in the day,</p>
+<p class="line">Looks like shadows in the sunshine,</p>
+<p class="line">In the fading far away.</p>
+<p class="line">Dense and dark and much foreboding</p>
+<p class="line">Apprehensions do declare,</p>
+<p class="line">To the one who sleeps beneath them</p>
+<p class="line">With its flood of balmy air.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb78" href="#pb78" name=
+"pb78">78</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Occoneechee, forest dweller,</p>
+<p class="line">We have traveled many miles,</p>
+<p class="line">Through the mountains, o&rsquo;er the valleys,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the face of Nature smiled;</p>
+<p class="line">We have tasted of the fountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Whence breaks forth the Keowee,</p>
+<p class="line">Nymph of beauty, joy and pleasure,</p>
+<p class="line">Once the home of Cherokee.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">We have rested near the water,</p>
+<p class="line">Seen the fleck and shimmering flow,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the waters kissed by Nature,</p>
+<p class="line">Lovely river Tugaloo,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the Cherokee once rambled,</p>
+<p class="line">Spoiled &lsquo;mid the scenes so wild,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the forest and the river</p>
+<p class="line">Have the wood-gods oft beguiled.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Wandered o&rsquo;er the sapphire country,</p>
+<p class="line">Land which doth the soul delight,</p>
+<p class="line">With its mounds and vales and rivers;</p>
+<p class="line">God ne&rsquo;er made a holier site</p>
+<p class="line">For the human race to dwell in,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the human soul can rise,</p>
+<p class="line">Higher in its aspirations</p>
+<p class="line">Toward the rich Utopian skies&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb79" href="#pb79" name=
+"pb79">79</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Here the lyrics sung by Nature,</p>
+<p class="line">Played upon its strings of gold,</p>
+<p class="line">Float out on the evening breezes,</p>
+<p class="line">And its music ne&rsquo;er grows old,</p>
+<p class="line">To the soul and life and spirit,</p>
+<p class="line">Which is bent and bowed with care.</p>
+<p class="line">This the sweetest land Elysian,</p>
+<p class="line">To the one who wanders there.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Convolutions of the lilies,</p>
+<p class="line">Tranquil bloom and curve and die,</p>
+<p class="line">Near the river, &lsquo;neath the shadows</p>
+<p class="line">Of the white pine, smooth and high.</p>
+<p class="line">Sparkling, gleaming in the sunlight</p>
+<p class="line">Bursts the water, pure and free,</p>
+<p class="line">From the rocks high on the mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Once the home of Cherokee.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Dancing, rippling, roaring, rushing,</p>
+<p class="line">Comes Tallulah in its rage,</p>
+<p class="line">Like an eagle bounding forward,</p>
+<p class="line">From an exit in a cage.</p>
+<p class="line">In the distance, you behold it</p>
+<p class="line">Rise and babble, laugh and smile;</p>
+<p class="line">Then amid the reeds and rushes,</p>
+<p class="line">Turns and loiters for awhile.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb80" href="#pb80" name=
+"pb80">80</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then it curves among the eddies,</p>
+<p class="line">Hastens on to meet the bend,</p>
+<p class="line">In the meadows, like the fragrance</p>
+<p class="line">Borne aloft upon the wind;</p>
+<p class="line">Silently reflecting sunbeams</p>
+<p class="line">To the distant verdant hill</p>
+<p class="line">From its surface calm and placid,</p>
+<p class="line">Smooth, untarnished little rill;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Gleams and glides accelerated,</p>
+<p class="line">As it gathers, as it grows,</p>
+<p class="line">As the brook becomes a river,</p>
+<p class="line">As it ever onward flows;</p>
+<p class="line">Swirls and turns and dashes downward,</p>
+<p class="line">Heaves and moans and dashes wild,</p>
+<p class="line">For a chasm down the canyon,</p>
+<p class="line">Like a lost, demented child;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Furious, frantic, leaps and lashes</p>
+<p class="line">Down into the great abyss,</p>
+<p class="line">Falls and foams and seethes forever</p>
+<p class="line">Where the rocks and river kiss.</p>
+<p class="line">Tallulah Falls, the work and wonder</p>
+<p class="line">Of the cycles and the age,</p>
+<p class="line">Pours its deluge down the ravine,</p>
+<p class="line">Unobstructed in its rage.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb81" href="#pb81" name=
+"pb81">81</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Flying fowls of evil omen,</p>
+<p class="line">Dare not stop it in its flight,</p>
+<p class="line">Lest the river overwhelm them</p>
+<p class="line">With its power of strength and might&mdash;</p>
+<p class="line">Lest the river dash to pieces</p>
+<p class="line">Bird or beast that would impede</p>
+<p class="line">Such a torrent as confronts you</p>
+<p class="line">With its force of fearful speed.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e3910width" id="p081"><img src="images/p081.jpg"
+alt="Tallulah Falls, Ga." width="462" height="720">
+<p class="figureHead">Tallulah Falls, Ga.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;In the forest land primeval</p>
+<p class="line">Where the fountains form their heads.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then it rushes fast and furious</p>
+<p class="line">Into mist and fog and spray,</p>
+<p class="line">Rises like the ghost of Banquo,</p>
+<p class="line">Will not linger, stop nor stay.</p>
+<p class="line">O&rsquo;er the precipice it plunges,</p>
+<p class="line">Bounds and surges down the steep,</p>
+<p class="line">As it gushes forth forever,</p>
+<p class="line">Toward the blue and boundless deep.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">In the Appalachian mountains</p>
+<p class="line">Stands Satulah, high and proud,</p>
+<p class="line">With its base upon the Blue Ridge,</p>
+<p class="line">And its head above the cloud.</p>
+<p class="line">From its top the panorama</p>
+<p class="line">Rises grandly into view,</p>
+<p class="line">And presents a thousand landscapes,</p>
+<p class="line">Every one to Nature true.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb82" href="#pb82" name=
+"pb82">82</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Round by round the mountains rise up,</p>
+<p class="line">Round on round, and tier on tier,</p>
+<p class="line">You behold them in their beauty,</p>
+<p class="line">Through a vista, bright and clear.</p>
+<p class="line">Like concentric circles floating,</p>
+<p class="line">Ebbing on a crystal bay</p>
+<p class="line">To the distance they&rsquo;re receding,</p>
+<p class="line">Fading like declining day.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Hardby stands the Whiteside Mountain,</p>
+<p class="line">Like an athlete, strong and tall,</p>
+<p class="line">Perpendicularly rising</p>
+<p class="line">As a mighty granite wall;</p>
+<p class="line">Towering o&rsquo;er the Cashier&rsquo;s valley,</p>
+<p class="line">Stretching calmly at its base,</p>
+<p class="line">Like a bouquet of rich roses</p>
+<p class="line">Beautifying Nature&rsquo;s vase.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">High above the other mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Whiteside stands in bold relief,</p>
+<p class="line">With its court house and its cavern</p>
+<p class="line">Refuge for the soul with grief;</p>
+<p class="line">Like a monolith it rises</p>
+<p class="line">To a grand majestic height,</p>
+<p class="line">Till its crest becomes a mirror,</p>
+<p class="line">To refract the rays of light.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb83" href="#pb83" name=
+"pb83">83</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">From its summit grand and gorgeous</p>
+<p class="line">Like a splendid stereoscope,</p>
+<p class="line">Comes a view yet undiscovered</p>
+<p class="line">Full of awe, and life and hope<span class="corr" id=
+"xd23e4020" title="Not in source">.</span></p>
+<p class="line">Smiling vales and nodding forests</p>
+<p class="line">Greet you like a loving child,</p>
+<p class="line">From the zenith of the mountain,</p>
+<p class="line">Comes the landscape undefiled.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Flying clouds pour forth their shadows,</p>
+<p class="line">As the curious mystic maze</p>
+<p class="line">Shrouds the mountains from the vision,</p>
+<p class="line">With its dark and lowering haze.</p>
+<p class="line">Fog so dense come stealing o&rsquo;er you</p>
+<p class="line">That you know not day from night,</p>
+<p class="line">Till the rifting of the shadows</p>
+<p class="line">Makes room for the golden light.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">In the Blue Ridge, near the headland</p>
+<p class="line">In the Hamburg scenic mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Comes a silver flow of water</p>
+<p class="line">From a score of dancing fountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Tripping lightly, leaping gently,</p>
+<p class="line">Slipping &lsquo;neath the underbrush</p>
+<p class="line">Without noise it creepeth slowly</p>
+<p class="line">Toward the place of onward rush.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb84" href="#pb84" name=
+"pb84">84</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Floats along beneath the hemlock,</p>
+<p class="line">Nods to swaying spruce and pine,</p>
+<p class="line">Murmurs in its pebbly bottom</p>
+<p class="line">Holds converse with tree and vine.</p>
+<p class="line">Winds around the jutting ledges</p>
+<p class="line">Of translucent spar and flint,</p>
+<p class="line">With effulgence like the jasper</p>
+<p class="line">With its glare and gleam and glint.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Moving onward, moving ever,</p>
+<p class="line">In its course o&rsquo;er amber bed,</p>
+<p class="line">While the bluejay and the robin</p>
+<p class="line">Perch in tree top overhead;</p>
+<p class="line">Perch and sing of joy and freedom,</p>
+<p class="line">Fill the glen with pleasure&rsquo;s song,</p>
+<p class="line">As the waters, fresh and sparkling,</p>
+<p class="line">Rippling, gliding, pass along.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Thus the Tuckaseigee river</p>
+<p class="line">Rises far back in the dell,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the dank marsh of the mountain</p>
+<p class="line">Rise and fall, assuage and swell,</p>
+<p class="line">Till its flow becomes augmented</p>
+<p class="line">By a thousand little streams</p>
+<p class="line">Coming from the rocky highlands</p>
+<p class="line">Through their fissures and their seams.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb85" href="#pb85" name=
+"pb85">85</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Fills the valley, passes quickly,</p>
+<p class="line">Trips and falls a hundred feet,</p>
+<p class="line">Swirls a moment, makes a struggle,</p>
+<p class="line">Doth the same rash act repeat.</p>
+<p class="line">Rushes, rages, fumes and surges,</p>
+<p class="line">Dashes into mist and spray,</p>
+<p class="line">Heaves and sighs, foments and lashes,</p>
+<p class="line">As it turns to rush away;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Roars and fills the earth and heaven</p>
+<p class="line">With the pean of its rage,</p>
+<p class="line">Plunges down deep in the gulches,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the rocks are worn with age.</p>
+<p class="line">Maddened by the sudden conflict,</p>
+<p class="line">Starts anew to rend the wall</p>
+<p class="line">That confines its turbid waters</p>
+<p class="line">To the defile and the fall.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Once again it leaps and rushes</p>
+<p class="line">Toward the towering granite wall,</p>
+<p class="line">And it bounds full many a fathom</p>
+<p class="line">In its final furious fall.</p>
+<p class="line">Much it moans and seethes and surges,</p>
+<p class="line">Starts again at rapid speed,</p>
+<p class="line">O&rsquo;er the rocky pot-hole gushes</p>
+<p class="line">Like a gaited blooded steed.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb86" href="#pb86" name=
+"pb86">86</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Thus the Tuckaseigee river</p>
+<p class="line">Falls into the great abyss</p>
+<p class="line">Down the canyon, rough and rugged,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the spar and granite kiss.</p>
+<p class="line">Then it flows still fast and faster,</p>
+<p class="line">With its flood both bright and clear,</p>
+<p class="line">Through the cycles ripe with ages</p>
+<p class="line">Month on month and year on year.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Near the apex of the mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">In the silence of the dale,</p>
+<p class="line">Where no human foot has trodden</p>
+<p class="line">Path or road or warrior&rsquo;s trail,</p>
+<p class="line">From the tarn or seep there drippeth</p>
+<p class="line">Crystal water bright and free,</p>
+<p class="line">That becomes a nymph of beauty,</p>
+<p class="line">Pretty vale of Cullowhee.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">In the spreading vale the townhouse,</p>
+<p class="line">And the Indian village stood;</p>
+<p class="line">In the alcove, well secluded,</p>
+<p class="line">In the grove of walnut wood.</p>
+<p class="line">Ancient chiefs held many councils,</p>
+<p class="line">Sung the war-song, kept the dance,</p>
+<p class="line">While the squaws and pretty maidens</p>
+<p class="line">Vie each other in the prance.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb87" href="#pb87" name=
+"pb87">87</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Cullowhee, thou stream and valley,</p>
+<p class="line">Once the domicile and home,</p>
+<p class="line">Of a people free and happy,</p>
+<p class="line">Free from tribal fear and gloom,</p>
+<p class="line">Where, O where, are thy great warriors&mdash;</p>
+<p class="line">Where thy chiefs and warriors bold&mdash;</p>
+<p class="line">Who once held in strict abeyance</p>
+<p class="line">Those who plundered you of old?</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Gone forever are thy warriors,</p>
+<p class="line">Gone thy chiefs and maidens fair,</p>
+<p class="line">Vanished like the mist of summer,</p>
+<p class="line">Gone! but none can tell us where.</p>
+<p class="line">From their homes were hounded, driven,</p>
+<p class="line">Like the timid hind or deer,</p>
+<p class="line">Herded like the driven cattle,</p>
+<p class="line">Forced from home by gun and spear.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Tell me, vale or rippling water,</p>
+<p class="line">Tell me if ye can or will,</p>
+<p class="line">If you&rsquo;ve seen my long-lost lover</p>
+<p class="line">Known as wandering Whippoorwill?&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="line">But the water, cool and placid,</p>
+<p class="line">That comes from the mountain high</p>
+<p class="line">Swirled a moment, then departing</p>
+<p class="line">Made no answer or reply.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb88" href="#pb88" name=
+"pb88">88</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then the maiden&rsquo;s grief grew greater,</p>
+<p class="line">As she lingered by the stream</p>
+<p class="line">Watching for some sign or token</p>
+<p class="line">Or some vision through a dream;</p>
+<p class="line">But no dream made revelation,</p>
+<p class="line">Only sorrow filled her years,</p>
+<p class="line">And her eyes lost much of luster</p>
+<p class="line">As her cheeks suffused with tears.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Turning thence into the forest</p>
+<p class="line">Over hill and brook and mound,</p>
+<p class="line">To the Cullasaja river</p>
+<p class="line">Through the forest land they wound;</p>
+<p class="line">Through the tangled brush and ivy,</p>
+<p class="line">Rough and rugged mountainside,</p>
+<p class="line">Led the ponies through the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">Far too steep for them to ride.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">They descended trails deserted,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the chieftains used to go,</p>
+<p class="line">Near the Cullasaja river,</p>
+<p class="line">Near its rough uneven flow;</p>
+<p class="line">Camped upon its bank at evening,</p>
+<p class="line">Heard at night the roar and splash</p>
+<p class="line">Of the voice of many waters</p>
+<p class="line">Down the fearful cascade dash.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb89" href="#pb89" name=
+"pb89">89</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Stood at sunrise where the shadow</p>
+<p class="line">Of the cliffs cast darkening shade,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the rainbows chase the rainbow</p>
+<p class="line">Like as sorrows chased the maid.</p>
+<p class="line">Traveled down the silver current,</p>
+<p class="line">Rested often on the way,</p>
+<p class="line">Strolled the banks and fished the current</p>
+<p class="line">Of the crystal Ellijay.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Pleasantly the winding current</p>
+<p class="line">Eddies, swirls and loiters free</p>
+<p class="line">Till it joins the radiant waters</p>
+<p class="line">Of the little Tennessee;</p>
+<p class="line">Where the mound stands in the meadow,</p>
+<p class="line">Once the townhouse capped its crest,</p>
+<p class="line">There the tribe was wont to gather,</p>
+<p class="line">Council, plan and seek for rest.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">To the mound the tribe assembled,</p>
+<p class="line">From the regions all around,</p>
+<p class="line">Came from Cowee and Coweeta,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the Cherokee abound;</p>
+<p class="line">Came from Nantahala mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Skeenah and Cartoogechaye,</p>
+<p class="line">Nickajack and sweet Iola,</p>
+<p class="line">And from Choga far away.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb90" href="#pb90" name=
+"pb90">90</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">All the great men and the warriors</p>
+<p class="line">Brought the women, and their wives,</p>
+<p class="line">Came by hundreds without number,</p>
+<p class="line">Like the swarms around the hives;</p>
+<p class="line">But today there is no warrior,</p>
+<p class="line">Not a maiden can be found,</p>
+<p class="line">Tenting on the pretty meadow,</p>
+<p class="line">Or upon Nik-wa-sa mound.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">In the Cowee spur of mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Stands the Bald and Sentinel,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the valley and the river,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the moorland and the dell.</p>
+<p class="line">Like a pyramid it rises,</p>
+<p class="line">Layer on layer and flight on flight</p>
+<p class="line">Till its crest ascends the confines</p>
+<p class="line">Of the grand imperial height.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">From its summit far receding,</p>
+<p class="line">Contours of the mountains rise,</p>
+<p class="line">Numerous as the constellations</p>
+<p class="line">In the arched dome of the skies.</p>
+<p class="line">Far away beyond the valley</p>
+<p class="line">Double Top confronts the eye,</p>
+<p class="line">Black Rock rises like a shadow</p>
+<p class="line">On the blue ethereal sky.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb91" href="#pb91" name=
+"pb91">91</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Jones' Knob makes its appearance,</p>
+<p class="line">Highest, grandest height of all</p>
+<p class="line">Penetrates the vault of heaven,</p>
+<p class="line">None so picturesque or tall.</p>
+<p class="line">Wayah, Burningtown and Wesser</p>
+<p class="line">Raise their bald heads to the cloud</p>
+<p class="line">High and haughty, rich in beauty</p>
+<p class="line">And extremely vain and proud.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e4450width" id="p091-1"><img src=
+"images/p091-1.jpg" alt="Great Cliff, Whiteside Mountain." width="651"
+height="430">
+<p class="figureHead">Great Cliff, Whiteside Mountain.</p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e4455width"><img src="images/p091-2.jpg" alt=
+"Whiteside Mountain." width="646" height="437">
+<p class="figureHead"><span class="corr" id="xd23e4457" title=
+"Not in source">Whiteside Mountain.</span></p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Hardby stands the Whiteside Mountain,</p>
+<p class="line">Like an athlete, strong and tall.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Una and Yalaka mountains</p>
+<p class="line">Stand so near up by the side</p>
+<p class="line">Of the Cowee, that you&rsquo;d take them</p>
+<p class="line">For its consort or its bride.</p>
+<p class="line">Festooned, wreathed and decorated</p>
+<p class="line">With the honeysuckle bloom,</p>
+<p class="line">And the lady-slipper blossom,</p>
+<p class="line">There dispels the hour of gloom.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Ginseng and the Indian turnip</p>
+<p class="line">Grow up from their fallow beds</p>
+<p class="line">In the dark coves of the mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">With their beaded crimson heads.</p>
+<p class="line">Fertile fields and stately meadows</p>
+<p class="line">Stretch along the sylvan streams</p>
+<p class="line">And surpass the fields Elysian,</p>
+<p class="line">Seen in visionary dreams.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb92" href="#pb92" name=
+"pb92">92</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">From the summit of the Cowee</p>
+<p class="line">In the season of the fall,</p>
+<p class="line">Fog fills all the pretty valley</p>
+<p class="line">Settles like the deathly pall,</p>
+<p class="line">Coming from the rill and river,</p>
+<p class="line">To the isothermal belt,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the sunbeam meets the fog-line</p>
+<p class="line">And the frost and ices melt.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Jutting tops of verdant mountains</p>
+<p class="line">Penetrate the fog below,</p>
+<p class="line">As the islands in the ocean</p>
+<p class="line">Form the archipelago.</p>
+<p class="line">Sea of fog stands out before you,</p>
+<p class="line">With its islands and its reef</p>
+<p class="line">Silent and devoid of murmur</p>
+<p class="line">As the quivering aspen leaf.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Occoneechee, look to Northland,</p>
+<p class="line">See the Smoky Mountains rise,</p>
+<p class="line">Like a shadow in the valley</p>
+<p class="line">Or a cloud upon the skies.</p>
+<p class="line">Many days since you beheld them</p>
+<p class="line">In their grand, majestic height;</p>
+<p class="line">Many days from these you&rsquo;ve wandered</p>
+<p class="line">From their fountains, pure and bright.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb93" href="#pb93" name=
+"pb93">93</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Hie thee to the Smoky Mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Tarry not upon the plain,</p>
+<p class="line">Linger not upon the border</p>
+<p class="line">Of the fields of golden grain.</p>
+<p class="line">Flee thee as a kite or eagle,</p>
+<p class="line">Not a moment stop or stay,</p>
+<p class="line">Hasten to Oconaluftee,</p>
+<p class="line">Be not long upon the way.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;I have much to speak unto you</p>
+<p class="line">E&rsquo;er I take my final leave,</p>
+<p class="line">Some will sadden, some will gladden,</p>
+<p class="line">Some bring joy and some will grieve.</p>
+<p class="line">All our legends, myths and stories</p>
+<p class="line">Soon will fall into decay,</p>
+<p class="line">And I must transmit them to you</p>
+<p class="line">E&rsquo;er I turn to go away.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Mount thee, mount thee quick this pony,</p>
+<p class="line">Spryly spring upon its back,</p>
+<p class="line">Leave no vestige, sign or token</p>
+<p class="line">Or the semblance of a track,</p>
+<p class="line">Whereby man may trace or trail thee,</p>
+<p class="line">In the moorland or morass,</p>
+<p class="line">By the radiant river flowing</p>
+<p class="line">Or secluded mountain pass.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb94" href="#pb94" name=
+"pb94">94</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Grasp the reins, hold fast the girdle,</p>
+<p class="line">Like flamingoes make your flight</p>
+<p class="line">To the great dome of the mountain</p>
+<p class="line">That now gleams within your sight.</p>
+<p class="line">Clingman&rsquo;s Dome, the crowning glory</p>
+<p class="line">Of the high erupted hills,</p>
+<p class="line">They will shield you and protect you,</p>
+<p class="line">With its cliffs and rolling rills.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Sped they like the rolling current,</p>
+<p class="line">Sped they like a gleam of light,</p>
+<p class="line">Sped they as the flying phantom</p>
+<p class="line">Or a swallow in its flight,</p>
+<p class="line">To their refuge in the mountain,</p>
+<p class="line">To the temple of the earth,</p>
+<p class="line">Near the lonely spot secluded,</p>
+<p class="line">That had known her from her birth.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Standing, gazing, watching, peering,</p>
+<p class="line">Through the azure atmosphere,</p>
+<p class="line">At the wilderness before you</p>
+<p class="line">And the scene both rich and clear.</p>
+<p class="line">Cerulean the gorgeous mountains</p>
+<p class="line">Rise and loom up in your sight,</p>
+<p class="line">Like a splendid constellation</p>
+<p class="line">On a crisp autumnal night.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb95" href="#pb95" name=
+"pb95">95</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&lsquo;Twixt the fall and winter season,</p>
+<p class="line">Comes a tinge of milky haze,</p>
+<p class="line">Stealing o&rsquo;er the Smoky Mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Shutting out the solar rays,</p>
+<p class="line">Flooding vales and filling valleys,</p>
+<p class="line">Coming, creeping, crawling slow,</p>
+<p class="line">Fills the firmament with shadows</p>
+<p class="line">As with crystal flakes of snow.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Through the haze and mist and shadows</p>
+<p class="line">You discern a ball of fire,</p>
+<p class="line">From the rim of Nature rising</p>
+<p class="line">As a knighted funeral pyre;</p>
+<p class="line">Yet it moveth slowly upward,</p>
+<p class="line">Creeps aloft along the sky,</p>
+<p class="line">As a billow on the ocean</p>
+<p class="line">Meets the ship, then passes by.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">This you say is Indian summer,</p>
+<p class="line">Tepid season of the year,</p>
+<p class="line">When glad harvest songs ascendeth</p>
+<p class="line">Full of hope and love and cheer.</p>
+<p class="line">From Penobscot, down the Hudson,</p>
+<p class="line">By the Susquehanna wild,</p>
+<p class="line">Through the Shenandoah valley</p>
+<p class="line">Roamed the forest-loving child.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb96" href="#pb96" name=
+"pb96">96</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Roamed the Mohawk and the Huron,</p>
+<p class="line">Seneca and Wyandot,</p>
+<p class="line">Delaware and the Mohican,</p>
+<p class="line">Long since perished and forgot.</p>
+<p class="line">Powhattan and Tuscarora,</p>
+<p class="line">And the wandering Showano,</p>
+<p class="line">Creek and Seminole and Erie,</p>
+<p class="line">Miami and Pamlico,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Chicasaw and the Osages,</p>
+<p class="line">Kickapoo and Illinois,</p>
+<p class="line">Ottawas and Susquehannas,</p>
+<p class="line">Objibwas and Iroquois,</p>
+<p class="line">Once enjoyed the Indian summers,</p>
+<p class="line">Once to all this land was heir,</p>
+<p class="line">Sportive, free and lithe and happy,</p>
+<p class="line">Chief and maid and matron fair.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">As the blossoms in the forest</p>
+<p class="line">Bloom, then fall into decay,</p>
+<p class="line">So the mighty tribes here mentioned,</p>
+<p class="line">Flourished, so traditions say;</p>
+<p class="line">Then the coming of the white man,</p>
+<p class="line">Spread consternation far and wide;</p>
+<p class="line">Then decay and desolation</p>
+<p class="line">Conquered all their manly pride.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb97" href="#pb97" name=
+"pb97">97</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Treaties made were quickly broken</p>
+<p class="line">And their homes were burned with fire,</p>
+<p class="line">Which provoked the mighty tribesmen</p>
+<p class="line">And aroused their vengeful ire.</p>
+<p class="line">Furious raids on hostile savage</p>
+<p class="line">With the powder-horn and gun,</p>
+<p class="line">Soon reduced the noble red man</p>
+<p class="line">Slowly, surely, one by one,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Till not one now roams the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">None are left to tell the tale;</p>
+<p class="line">All their guns and bows are broken,</p>
+<p class="line">None now for them weep or wail.</p>
+<p class="line">Only names of streams and mountains</p>
+<p class="line">Keep the memory aglow,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the noble, brave and fearless</p>
+<p class="line">Red men of the long ago.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Cherokee, the seed and offspring</p>
+<p class="line">Residue of Iroquois,</p>
+<p class="line">Silently are disappearing</p>
+<p class="line">Without pageantry or noise.</p>
+<p class="line">Though more civil and more learned</p>
+<p class="line">And much wiser than the rest,</p>
+<p class="line">They will be amalgamated,</p>
+<p class="line">By the white man in the West.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb98" href="#pb98" name=
+"pb98">98</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Occoneechee and the chieftain</p>
+<p class="line">Talked of all that they had seen,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the flow of pretty rivers</p>
+<p class="line">And the matchless mountains green,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the ferns and pretty flowers,</p>
+<p class="line">Parterre of rarest hue,</p>
+<p class="line">Tint of maroon, white and yellow,</p>
+<p class="line">Saffron, lilac, red and blue.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Held they converse of their travels,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the wilderness sublime,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the myths and happy legends</p>
+<p class="line">Told through yielding years of time.</p>
+<p class="line">Of the wars and tales forgotten,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the chiefs and warriors brave</p>
+<p class="line">Who long since have run their journey,</p>
+<p class="line">Who now sleep within the grave.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">At those tales the maiden wept loud,</p>
+<p class="line">Sought for solace thru a sigh,</p>
+<p class="line">Much o&rsquo;ercome by thoughts of loved ones,</p>
+<p class="line">And she prayed that she might die</p>
+<p class="line">High upon the Smoky Mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Where no human soul can trace</p>
+<p class="line">The seclusions of the forest</p>
+<p class="line">To her lonely burial place.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb99" href="#pb99" name=
+"pb99">99</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Bitterly she wailed in sorrow,</p>
+<p class="line">Saying &ldquo;Tell me, tell me why</p>
+<p class="line">I am left out here so lonely,</p>
+<p class="line">And my tears are never dry?</p>
+<p class="line">Why he comes not at my calling,</p>
+<p class="line">Why he roams some lonely way,</p>
+<p class="line">Why does he not come back to me&mdash;</p>
+<p class="line">Why does he not come and stay?</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e4889width" id="p099-1"><img src=
+"images/p099-1.jpg" alt="Tennessee River, above Franklin, N. C." width=
+"645" height="484">
+<p class="figureHead">Tennessee River, above Franklin, N. C.</p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e4894width" id="p099-2"><img src=
+"images/p099-2.jpg" alt="Lake Toxaway." width="650" height="431">
+<p class="figureHead">Lake Toxaway.</p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Why and where now does he linger?</p>
+<p class="line">Tell me, silver, crescent moon,</p>
+<p class="line">Shall our parting be forever&mdash;</p>
+<p class="line">Shall our hopes all blast at noon?</p>
+<p class="line">When love&rsquo;s bright star shines the brightest</p>
+<p class="line">Shall it be the sooner set?</p>
+<p class="line">Shall we e&rsquo;er be reunited,</p>
+<p class="line">Tell me, while hope lingers yet!</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Does he linger in the mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Far up toward the radiant sky?</p>
+<p class="line">Tell me, blessed God of Nature,</p>
+<p class="line">Tell me, blessed Nunnahi.</p>
+<p class="line">Has some evil spirit seized him,</p>
+<p class="line">Hid or carried him away</p>
+<p class="line">Far beyond the gleaming sunset,</p>
+<p class="line">Far out toward the close of day?</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb100" href="#pb100" name=
+"pb100">100</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Will he come back with the morning,</p>
+<p class="line">Borne upon its wings of light,</p>
+<p class="line">From the shade that long has lingered,</p>
+<p class="line">From the darkness of the night?</p>
+<p class="line">Is there none to bring me answer?</p>
+<p class="line">Speak, dear Nature, tell me where</p>
+<p class="line">I may find my long lost lover,</p>
+<p class="line">Is my final feeble prayer.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then the chieftain, grand and noble,</p>
+<p class="line">Came and lingered by her side,</p>
+<p class="line">Like a lover in devotion</p>
+<p class="line">Lingers near a loving bride.</p>
+<p class="line">Then in accents like a clarion,</p>
+<p class="line">Sweet and clear, but gently said,</p>
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Whippoorwill, my friend, your lover,</p>
+<p class="line">Comes again, he is not dead!</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;I will go and hunt your lover,</p>
+<p class="line">And will bring him to your side;</p>
+<p class="line">I will roam the forest ever,</p>
+<p class="line">And will cease to be your guide;</p>
+<p class="line">I will find the one you&rsquo;ve looked for,</p>
+<p class="line">And will tell him that you live;</p>
+<p class="line">I will tell him of your rambles,</p>
+<p class="line">And will all my future give,</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb101" href="#pb101" name=
+"pb101">101</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Till I find him in the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">Or upon the flowing brink</p>
+<p class="line">Of the Coosa river flowing,</p>
+<p class="line">Where he used to often drink.</p>
+<p class="line">In the everglades may linger,</p>
+<p class="line">&lsquo;Neath the shade of some cool palm,</p>
+<p class="line">Sweetest refuge of the lowlands,</p>
+<p class="line">With its air of purest balm.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Where the Seminole in silence,</p>
+<p class="line">Made their refuge, long ago,</p>
+<p class="line">From the fierce onslaught of Jackson,</p>
+<p class="line">And exterminating woe.</p>
+<p class="line">He may listen in the silence</p>
+<p class="line">And the solitude of night,</p>
+<p class="line">For some friendly sign or token</p>
+<p class="line">Whereby he may make his flight.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;When I&rsquo;ve found him we will travel,</p>
+<p class="line">We will travel night and day,</p>
+<p class="line">We will hasten on our journey,</p>
+<p class="line">Will not linger nor delay,</p>
+<p class="line">We will speed along the valley</p>
+<p class="line">Like the wind before the rain,</p>
+<p class="line">We will neither stop nor tarry,</p>
+<p class="line">Never from our speed refrain.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb102" href="#pb102" name=
+"pb102">102</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;We will rush along the river,</p>
+<p class="line">Like the maddened swollen tide,</p>
+<p class="line">Like a leaf upon the cyclone</p>
+<p class="line">Rushing forward in its pride;</p>
+<p class="line">Over winter&rsquo;s snow and ices</p>
+<p class="line">We will rush with greatest speed,</p>
+<p class="line">Like a herd of frightened cattle</p>
+<p class="line">Or a trained Kentucky steed.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;I will tell him of your travels</p>
+<p class="line">Into lands he&rsquo;s never seen,</p>
+<p class="line">With their forests and their flowers,</p>
+<p class="line">And their leaves of living green;</p>
+<p class="line">How for years you&rsquo;ve looked and waited,</p>
+<p class="line">Watched the trail and mountainside,</p>
+<p class="line">Watched and hoped long for him coming,</p>
+<p class="line">That you might become his bride.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;I am John Ax, Stagu-Nahi!</p>
+<p class="line">Much I love the mountains wild!</p>
+<p class="line">Friend of those who love the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">Friend of those who love you, child.</p>
+<p class="line">I bespeak a special blessing</p>
+<p class="line">To attend you while I go</p>
+<p class="line">Into strange lands, unto strangers,</p>
+<p class="line">Hither, thither, to and fro.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb103" href="#pb103" name=
+"pb103">103</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then he pressed her to his bosom,</p>
+<p class="line">Breathed a silent, parting prayer</p>
+<p class="line">To the Nunnahi in heaven,</p>
+<p class="line">For the lovely maid so fair;</p>
+<p class="line">Prayed and blessed her, then departed</p>
+<p class="line">Thru primeval forests wild,</p>
+<p class="line">Sped he by the rolling waters,</p>
+<p class="line">Heard them laugh and saw them smile.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Sped he by the Coosa river,</p>
+<p class="line">Where great brakes of waving cane,</p>
+<p class="line">Bend before the blowing breezes,</p>
+<p class="line">Like the waves of wind and rain.</p>
+<p class="line">Took the trails where once the chieftain</p>
+<p class="line">Strode at will in lordly pride,</p>
+<p class="line">By the Coosa river flowing</p>
+<p class="line">In its smooth, unrippled tide.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Downward, onward, free and easy,</p>
+<p class="line">Swirls and turns and travels slow,</p>
+<p class="line">As it glitters in the sunlight,</p>
+<p class="line">As its waters onward go.</p>
+<p class="line">Sees the trail almost extinguished</p>
+<p class="line">By the pretty Etawa,</p>
+<p class="line">Where once dwelt in great profusion,</p>
+<p class="line">Chief and maid and tawny squaw.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb104" href="#pb104" name=
+"pb104">104</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Traveled far the Tallapoosa</p>
+<p class="line">Into fen and deep morass,</p>
+<p class="line">Through the wildwood, glade and forest</p>
+<p class="line">Dark defile and narrow pass;</p>
+<p class="line">Footsore, lame and often hungry,</p>
+<p class="line">Traveled onward day and night,</p>
+<p class="line">Like the wild goose speeding forward</p>
+<p class="line">In its semi-annual flight.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">O&rsquo;er the glebes of Alabama,</p>
+<p class="line">Crossed the hill and stream and dale,</p>
+<p class="line">To the Tuskaloosa flowing</p>
+<p class="line">Near the ancient Indian trail,</p>
+<p class="line">Now deserted and forsaken</p>
+<p class="line">Is the war path and the land,</p>
+<p class="line">By the Creek and great Muscogas</p>
+<p class="line">Wandering, wild, nomadic band.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Pensive, lonely and dejected,</p>
+<p class="line">Penetrated he the wild,</p>
+<p class="line">Over fen and bog and prairie,</p>
+<p class="line">Into climates soft and mild.</p>
+<p class="line">By lagoon and lake and river,</p>
+<p class="line">By the deep translucent bay,</p>
+<p class="line">Followed he the sun&rsquo;s direction,</p>
+<p class="line">Many a night and sunlit day.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb105" href="#pb105" name=
+"pb105">105</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Crossed the Mississippi delta,</p>
+<p class="line">Wound through many moor and fen,</p>
+<p class="line">Saw the shining stars at midnight,</p>
+<p class="line">And the dawn of days begin;</p>
+<p class="line">Heard the tramp of bear and bison,</p>
+<p class="line">Heard the wild wolf&rsquo;s dismal howl,</p>
+<p class="line">Saw the glowworm in the rushes,</p>
+<p class="line">Heard the whippoorwill and owl.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Heard the alligator bellow,</p>
+<p class="line">Saw him swim the broad bayou,</p>
+<p class="line">Saw the egret, crane and heron,</p>
+<p class="line">Wading stark and tree-cuckoo.</p>
+<p class="line">Trackless miles spread out before him,</p>
+<p class="line">Stretching leagues of gama grass</p>
+<p class="line">Lay across the course he traveled,</p>
+<p class="line">Lay out where he had to pass.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Dangling mosses from the tree tops,</p>
+<p class="line">Swung by swaying winds and breeze,</p>
+<p class="line">Cling with tendrils to the branches,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the mighty live oak trees.</p>
+<p class="line">Soft as lichens, light as feathers</p>
+<p class="line">Was the tall untrodden grass,</p>
+<p class="line">On the prairie and the meadow,</p>
+<p class="line">And the spreading rich morass.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb106" href="#pb106" name=
+"pb106">106</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Tranquil, peacefully and quiet</p>
+<p class="line">Did the moons and moments wane,</p>
+<p class="line">Till he came to Oklahoma,</p>
+<p class="line">Into his own tribe&rsquo;s domain;</p>
+<p class="line">Here he rested for a season,</p>
+<p class="line">Ate the food and drank for health</p>
+<p class="line">In the land of Oklahoma,</p>
+<p class="line">Land of perfect natural wealth.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Oklahoma, red man&rsquo;s country,</p>
+<p class="line">Blest above all other lands,</p>
+<p class="line">In her natural soil and climate,</p>
+<p class="line">In her ore-beds and her sands;</p>
+<p class="line">In her fertile fields and valleys,</p>
+<p class="line">In her people, true and great,</p>
+<p class="line">Cherokee and Creek and Choctaws</p>
+<p class="line">Make the people of the state.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Here&rsquo;s a land transformed in beauty,</p>
+<p class="line">Touched and tilled by busy toil,</p>
+<p class="line">Responds quickly to the tiller,</p>
+<p class="line">Products of a generous soil.</p>
+<p class="line">Fruits and flowers forever growing,</p>
+<p class="line">Fields of gold and snowy white,</p>
+<p class="line">Songs of harvest home and plenty</p>
+<p class="line">Sung to every one&rsquo;s delight.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb107" href="#pb107" name=
+"pb107">107</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Here with labor, love and patience,</p>
+<p class="line">There arose an empire great,</p>
+<p class="line">Which when settled, tilled and treated,</p>
+<p class="line">Has become a powerful state;</p>
+<p class="line">Filled with people true and honest,</p>
+<p class="line">Filled with people thrifty too,</p>
+<p class="line">And the land is flat and fertile,</p>
+<p class="line">Best that mortals ever knew.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e5319width" id="p107-1"><img src=
+"images/p107-1.jpg" alt="Tomb of Junaluska, Robbinsville, N. C." width=
+"643" height="438">
+<p class="figureHead">Tomb of Junaluska, Robbinsville, N. C.</p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e5324width" id="p107-2"><img src=
+"images/p107-2.jpg" alt="Where the Serpent Coiled." width="645" height=
+"441">
+<p class="figureHead"><span class="corr" id="xd23e5326" title=
+"Not in source">Where the Serpent Coiled.</span></p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Where the serpent coiled and waited</p>
+<p class="line">Hid beneath the waving grass.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Once where roamed the bear and bison,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the she wolf and the owl</p>
+<p class="line">Made their home and habitation,</p>
+<p class="line">And the foxes used to prowl;</p>
+<p class="line">Where the serpent coiled and waited,</p>
+<p class="line">Hid beneath the waving grass</p>
+<p class="line">To inject his fangs and venom</p>
+<p class="line">In some human as he&rsquo;d pass,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Now there thrives the busy city,</p>
+<p class="line">Bristling with the throb and thrill</p>
+<p class="line">Of the commerce of a nation,</p>
+<p class="line">Growing greater, growing still.</p>
+<p class="line">All her farms and fields and ranches,</p>
+<p class="line">Groan beneath their heavy load</p>
+<p class="line">Of waving grain and lowing cattle;</p>
+<p class="line">All the land with wealth is strewed.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb108" href="#pb108" name=
+"pb108">108</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then he rose up like the morning,</p>
+<p class="line">From his slumber and his rest,</p>
+<p class="line">To converse there with the chieftains</p>
+<p class="line">Among whom he&rsquo;d been a guest.</p>
+<p class="line">Then he spoke of Carolina</p>
+<p class="line">Toward the rising of the sun,</p>
+<p class="line">Full of hope and awe and splendor</p>
+<p class="line">Where his early life begun.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">And he spoke of Occoneechee</p>
+<p class="line">In the land of hills and streams,</p>
+<p class="line">In the land of wooded forests,</p>
+<p class="line">Land of love and fondest dreams;</p>
+<p class="line">Land where myths and mirth commingle,</p>
+<p class="line">Where aspiring peaks point high,</p>
+<p class="line">To the dials of the morning</p>
+<p class="line">In the sweet &ldquo;Land of the sky.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Spoke he also of a chieftain,</p>
+<p class="line">Known to her as Whippoorwill,</p>
+<p class="line">Who once dwelt within the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">Near a pleasant little rill,</p>
+<p class="line">In the dark fens of the mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Back where oak and birchen grove</p>
+<p class="line">Cast their shadows o&rsquo;er the valley</p>
+<p class="line">O&rsquo;er the cliffs and deepest cove.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb109" href="#pb109" name=
+"pb109">109</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Where glad song of the nightingale</p>
+<p class="line">Is the sweetest ever heard,</p>
+<p class="line">And far exceeds in melody,</p>
+<p class="line">The trill of the mocking-bird.</p>
+<p class="line">From the matutinal dawning</p>
+<p class="line">Till the falling shades of night</p>
+<p class="line">The songster sings in mellow tones</p>
+<p class="line">To the auditor&rsquo;s delight.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Long in silence sat the chieftain,</p>
+<p class="line">Long he listened quite intent,</p>
+<p class="line">To the story of the stranger,</p>
+<p class="line">Catching all he said and meant,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the maiden of the mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the trees and songs of bird,</p>
+<p class="line">And the story lingered with him,</p>
+<p class="line">Every syllable and word.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then the chieftain made inquiry</p>
+<p class="line">Of the stranger true and bold,</p>
+<p class="line">Who now came to tarry with them,</p>
+<p class="line">Who was growing gray and old,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the health and habitation</p>
+<p class="line">Of the Eastern tribal band</p>
+<p class="line">Who still dwelt amid the Smokies</p>
+<p class="line">In his own sweet native land;</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb110" href="#pb110" name=
+"pb110">110</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Where his heart felt first the wooing,</p>
+<p class="line">Where his hope of youth ran high,</p>
+<p class="line">&lsquo;Mid the hills of Carolina</p>
+<p class="line">In the sweet &ldquo;Land of the sky.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="line">In the land of flowers and sunshine,</p>
+<p class="line">Land of silver-flowing streams,</p>
+<p class="line">Land of promise full of blessings</p>
+<p class="line">And of legends, myths and dreams;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Land of pretty maids and matrons,</p>
+<p class="line">Home where generous hearts are true,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the sunshine chases shadows</p>
+<p class="line">Down the vaults of vaporous blue.</p>
+<p class="line">Where the wild flight of the eagle</p>
+<p class="line">Soars beyond the keenest eye,</p>
+<p class="line">In recesses of the heavens,</p>
+<p class="line">In the blue ethereal sky.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Rifting rocks and rolling rivers</p>
+<p class="line">Doth adorn the hill and vale,</p>
+<p class="line">Lilting melodies float outward</p>
+<p class="line">On the vortex of the gale;</p>
+<p class="line">This the land of Occoneechee,</p>
+<p class="line">Land that Junaluska saw,</p>
+<p class="line">Home of warrior, chief and maiden,</p>
+<p class="line">Land of dauntless brave and squaw.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb111" href="#pb111" name=
+"pb111">111</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Let us go back to those mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Once more let us view those hills,</p>
+<p class="line">And let me hear the voice once more</p>
+<p class="line">Of the laughing streams and rills;</p>
+<p class="line">And let me view with raptured eye</p>
+<p class="line">The blossom of tree and vine,</p>
+<p class="line">Once more inhale the sweet ozone,</p>
+<p class="line">Under tulip tree and pine.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Those hills, delectable mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">Outrival the scenes of Greece,</p>
+<p class="line">Surpass in beauty and grandeur</p>
+<p class="line">The Eagle or Golden Fleece.</p>
+<p class="line">Those shrines and temples of granite,</p>
+<p class="line">Glad sentinels of the free!</p>
+<p class="line">There let me roam through dell once more,</p>
+<p class="line">Let me glad and happy be.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Some speak of splendid balmy isles,</p>
+<p class="line">Far out in the rolling sea,</p>
+<p class="line">Of spicy groves, and vine-clad hills,</p>
+<p class="line">And of things which are to be;</p>
+<p class="line">Of nymphs and naiads of the past,</p>
+<p class="line">Of lands of the brave and free,</p>
+<p class="line">But none of these can e&rsquo;er surpass</p>
+<p class="line">The hills of Cherokee;</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb112" href="#pb112" name=
+"pb112">112</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">The hills where roamed the dusky maid,</p>
+<p class="line">And the home of Whippoorwill,</p>
+<p class="line">Where Occoneechee dreamed at night,</p>
+<p class="line">By the gushing stream and rill.</p>
+<p class="line">By strange enchanted mystic lake</p>
+<p class="line">Where the wildest beasts are seen,</p>
+<p class="line">Far back in the deep recess</p>
+<p class="line">Of the mountain&rsquo;s verdure green.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Let autumn&rsquo;s wind blow swift its gale,</p>
+<p class="line">The season of summer flee,</p>
+<p class="line">But I will soon my lover meet,</p>
+<p class="line">In the &lsquo;land of the brave and free,&rsquo;</p>
+<p class="line">I&rsquo;ll leave Tahlequah in the West,</p>
+<p class="line">With this warrior at my side.</p>
+<p class="line">We&rsquo;ll travel as the fleetest winds</p>
+<p class="line">Unless ill fates betide.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;While the morrow&rsquo;s stars are glowing,</p>
+<p class="line">In the dials of the morn,</p>
+<p class="line">I will start upon the journey,</p>
+<p class="line">To the land where I was born.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="line">So he gathered up his chattels,</p>
+<p class="line">Springing spryly on his steed,</p>
+<p class="line">Made inquiry of the warrior,</p>
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Which of us shall take the lead?&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb113" href="#pb113" name=
+"pb113">113</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then the warrior to the chieftain</p>
+<p class="line">Quick replied, &ldquo;I&rsquo;ll lead the way</p>
+<p class="line">Far across the hill and valley,</p>
+<p class="line">Mounted on this splendid bay.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="line">Then they said to friend and neighbor,</p>
+<p class="line">Old-time chief and child and squaw,</p>
+<p class="line">&ldquo;At the dawning, we will leave you,</p>
+<p class="line">Leave the town of Tahlequah;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Leave the tribe and reservation,</p>
+<p class="line">For a journey to the East,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the tribesmen dwell together,</p>
+<p class="line">Meet serenely, drink and feast,</p>
+<p class="line">In a land where peace and pleasure</p>
+<p class="line">Vie each other in the pace,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the hopes of life are brightest</p>
+<p class="line">To the fallen human race.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Just then came a gleam like lightning,</p>
+<p class="line">Shooting forth its silver ray,</p>
+<p class="line">Which precedes the golden splendor</p>
+<p class="line">Of the fast approaching day.</p>
+<p class="line">This the advent and the token</p>
+<p class="line">For the brave to lead the way</p>
+<p class="line">Out across the plain and valley</p>
+<p class="line">Toward the coming king of day.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb114" href="#pb114" name=
+"pb114">114</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then they seized the spear and trident,</p>
+<p class="line">Bow and tomahawk and knife,</p>
+<p class="line">And they left the scenes of conflict,</p>
+<p class="line">With its turmoil and its strife;</p>
+<p class="line">And they journeyed ever eastward,</p>
+<p class="line">Days and many a-waning moon,</p>
+<p class="line">Crossing river, lake and prairie,</p>
+<p class="line">Spreading field and broad lagoon.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Saw the Wabash and Missouri,</p>
+<p class="line">Cumberland and Tennessee,</p>
+<p class="line">Saw the Holston in its beauty</p>
+<p class="line">And the town of Chilhowee.</p>
+<p class="line">Looked down on the Nolachucky,</p>
+<p class="line">Saw Watauga&rsquo;s crystal flow</p>
+<p class="line">Gleam from out the moon&rsquo;s reflection</p>
+<p class="line">From the canyon&rsquo;s depths below.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Neptune, who pervades the water,</p>
+<p class="line">Ne&rsquo;er beheld a holier sight</p>
+<p class="line">Than this happy, hopeful chieftain</p>
+<p class="line">Did that crisp autumnal night.</p>
+<p class="line">While he looked upon the water</p>
+<p class="line">Bright and pure and crystalline,</p>
+<p class="line">Fairest land and purest water</p>
+<p class="line">Mortal eye had ever seen;</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb115" href="#pb115" name=
+"pb115">115</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">He beheld there in his vision</p>
+<p class="line">Such a Naiad divine,</p>
+<p class="line">That he put forth his endeavors,</p>
+<p class="line">That he might the maid entwine;</p>
+<p class="line">But she flew back like a phantom,</p>
+<p class="line">Back into the crescent wave,</p>
+<p class="line">From the presence of the chieftain</p>
+<p class="line">And the relegated brave;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Flew back from him and departed</p>
+<p class="line">And was lost to human eye;</p>
+<p class="line">All that now lay out before him</p>
+<p class="line">Was the stream and earth and sky.</p>
+<p class="line">Full of disappointing beauty,</p>
+<p class="line">Was the earth and sky and stream,</p>
+<p class="line">When divested of the grandeur</p>
+<p class="line">Of the vision and the dream.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then he rambled through the mountains</p>
+<p class="line">Over crag and rugged steep,</p>
+<p class="line">Through the laurel bed and ivy</p>
+<p class="line">By exertion did he creep;</p>
+<p class="line">Through the hemlock and the balsam</p>
+<p class="line">Under oak and birchen tree,</p>
+<p class="line">Gazing through the heath before him</p>
+<p class="line">If perchance that he might see</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb116" href="#pb116" name=
+"pb116">116</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">In the dim, dark, hazel distance,</p>
+<p class="line">Far out on the mountainside</p>
+<p class="line">Occoneechee, pure and lovely,</p>
+<p class="line">Whom he longed to make his bride;</p>
+<p class="line">Make his bride and dwell there with her</p>
+<p class="line">&lsquo;Mid aspiring peak and dome;</p>
+<p class="line">Longed to have her sit beside him,</p>
+<p class="line">In his peaceful mountain home.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Wandered through the Craggy mountains</p>
+<p class="line">Where no human foot had trod,</p>
+<p class="line">And no eye had yet beheld it,</p>
+<p class="line">Save the eye of Nature&rsquo;s God.</p>
+<p class="line">For the spreading tree and forest</p>
+<p class="line">Grew from out the virgin soil,</p>
+<p class="line">And was free from all intrusions</p>
+<p class="line">Of the white man&rsquo;s skill and toil.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Now their speed was much retarded,</p>
+<p class="line">Trails once plain were now unkept,</p>
+<p class="line">And the chief and brave lamenting</p>
+<p class="line">Laid themselves down there and wept;</p>
+<p class="line">Wept for chiefs like Uniguski,</p>
+<p class="line">Sequoya and Utsala,</p>
+<p class="line">In the land of Tuckaleechee</p>
+<p class="line">And for friends like Wil-Usdi.<a class="noteref" id=
+"xd23e5844src" href="#xd23e5844" name="xd23e5844src">1</a></p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb117" href="#pb117" name=
+"pb117">117</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Turning from his grief and sorrow</p>
+<p class="line">For the chiefs of long ago,</p>
+<p class="line">Ceasing all his deep repining</p>
+<p class="line">From the burden of his woe,</p>
+<p class="line">Looking far o&rsquo;er hill and valley</p>
+<p class="line">He beheld the gilded dome</p>
+<p class="line">Of the Smokies in the distance,</p>
+<p class="line">Near old Junaluska&rsquo;s home.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e5865width" id="p117-1"><img src=
+"images/p117-1.jpg" alt="Harvesting at Cullowhee, N. C." width="642"
+height="476">
+<p class="figureHead">Harvesting at Cullowhee, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par first">Where the townhouse used to stand.</p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e5872width" id="p117-2"><img src=
+"images/p117-2.jpg" alt="Craggy Mountains, from near Asheville, N. C."
+width="649" height="483">
+<p class="figureHead">Craggy Mountains, from near Asheville, N. C.</p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then the chieftain&rsquo;s hope grew stronger,</p>
+<p class="line">As he looked upon the scene</p>
+<p class="line">Of that splendid mountain forest</p>
+<p class="line">With its crest of evergreen;</p>
+<p class="line">Like a black cloud in the winter,</p>
+<p class="line">Spreads upon the mountainside,</p>
+<p class="line">This the forest land primeval</p>
+<p class="line">That stands there in lordly pride,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">This the forest land primeval,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the chieftains used to roam,</p>
+<p class="line">Joined in chase of bear and bison,</p>
+<p class="line">Once the red deer&rsquo;s winter home.</p>
+<p class="line">Black and deep and dense the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">Steep and high the cliffside stands,</p>
+<p class="line">Where the Cherokee once wandered</p>
+<p class="line">In their wild nomadic bands.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb118" href="#pb118" name=
+"pb118">118</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">As they gazed upon the scenery,</p>
+<p class="line">Weird and wild and full of awe,</p>
+<p class="line">They were filled with consternation</p>
+<p class="line">At the sight both of them saw.</p>
+<p class="line">Passing high up near the zenith</p>
+<p class="line">Like an eagle in its flight</p>
+<p class="line">Came the sound of wings and voices,</p>
+<p class="line">On that moonlit autumn night.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Voices like the rolling thunder</p>
+<p class="line">Came resounding far and near,</p>
+<p class="line">And the meteoric flashes</p>
+<p class="line">Filled them full of awe and fear;</p>
+<p class="line">Till they trembled like the aspen</p>
+<p class="line">&lsquo;Mid the tempest fierce and wild,</p>
+<p class="line">Till it passes, then reposes,</p>
+<p class="line">Calmly as a little child.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Said the brave then to the chieftain,</p>
+<p class="line">&ldquo;This my token to depart,</p>
+<p class="line">I must quickly make my exit,</p>
+<p class="line">Though it grieves my soul and heart</p>
+<p class="line">Thus to leave you in the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">Out upon the mountainside,</p>
+<p class="line">Without hope or friend or shelter,</p>
+<p class="line">With no one to be your guide;</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb119" href="#pb119" name=
+"pb119">119</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;These the Nunnahi in heaven,</p>
+<p class="line">Come to lead me far away,</p>
+<p class="line">Over hill and dale and valley,</p>
+<p class="line">Toward the final close of day.</p>
+<p class="line">You will miss me in the morning,</p>
+<p class="line">Miss me at the noon and night,</p>
+<p class="line">When I&rsquo;m mounted on my pinions</p>
+<p class="line">And am lost to human sight.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Yet a moment I&rsquo;m allotted</p>
+<p class="line">To transmit to you my will;</p>
+<p class="line">High here on the Smoky Mountains</p>
+<p class="line">Near the bright translucent rill,</p>
+<p class="line">Let me tell you while life lingers</p>
+<p class="line">In the archives of my breast,</p>
+<p class="line">Where you&rsquo;ll find sweet Occoneechee</p>
+<p class="line">When my soul has flown to rest:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;She still lingers in the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">Near the sweet enchanted lake,</p>
+<p class="line">Near the spirit land she lingers,</p>
+<p class="line">Underneath the tangled brake.</p>
+<p class="line">She holds all our myths and legends,</p>
+<p class="line">Tales as told long years ago.</p>
+<p class="line">Now I bid you leave me lonely</p>
+<p class="line">To my fate of weal or woe.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb120" href="#pb120" name=
+"pb120">120</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Leave me quick, the spirits call me,</p>
+<p class="line">Linger not within my sight,</p>
+<p class="line">Hie thee quickly through the shadows</p>
+<p class="line">Of this crisp autumnal night.</p>
+<p class="line">Tell our friend, sweet Occoneechee,</p>
+<p class="line">That I&rsquo;ve gone to join the band</p>
+<p class="line">Of the braves who have departed</p>
+<p class="line">For the happy hunting land.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then a shadow passed between them,</p>
+<p class="line">Like a cloud upon the sky,</p>
+<p class="line">And the chief was separated</p>
+<p class="line">There upon the mountain high,</p>
+<p class="line">From his guide and friend forever,</p>
+<p class="line">So his eye could never see.</p>
+<p class="line">Whence he traveled, none returneth</p>
+<p class="line">To explain the mystery.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Thus bereft of friend and neighbor,</p>
+<p class="line">Whippoorwill began to wail,</p>
+<p class="line">For some mystic hand to guide him</p>
+<p class="line">Back into the trodden trail,</p>
+<p class="line">Where some chief had gone before him</p>
+<p class="line">In the years that long had flown,</p>
+<p class="line">Out upon the mystic ages,</p>
+<p class="line">Now forgotten and unknown.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb121" href="#pb121" name=
+"pb121">121</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">But no spirit, sign or token</p>
+<p class="line">Came from out the vista fair,</p>
+<p class="line">Nothing saw, nor nothing heard he,</p>
+<p class="line">Save the earth and scenery fair.</p>
+<p class="line">As he stood and gazed in silence,</p>
+<p class="line">Motionless and calm as death,</p>
+<p class="line">Stillness reigned on hill and valley</p>
+<p class="line">And the chieftain held his breath,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">While he strained his ears and vision,</p>
+<p class="line">Listening, looking here and there,</p>
+<p class="line">Waiting, watching, simply trusting</p>
+<p class="line">For an answer to his prayer.</p>
+<p class="line">Suddenly he heard the calling</p>
+<p class="line">Of a voice so sweet and clear,</p>
+<p class="line">That he answered, quickly answered,</p>
+<p class="line">Though his heart was filled with fear.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">And the voice from out the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">Called as calls the mating bird,</p>
+<p class="line">In the bower in the springtime,</p>
+<p class="line">Sweetest call that e&rsquo;er was heard,</p>
+<p class="line">Resonant comes, softly trilling,</p>
+<p class="line">Sweetly to its lingering mate,</p>
+<p class="line">In the silence of the forest,</p>
+<p class="line">As they for each other wait.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb122" href="#pb122" name=
+"pb122">122</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then the chieftain bounded forward,</p>
+<p class="line">Like a hound upon the trail,</p>
+<p class="line">Thru the forest land primeval</p>
+<p class="line">Over mound and hill and dale;</p>
+<p class="line">Over ridge and rock and river,</p>
+<p class="line">Thru the heath and brush and grass,</p>
+<p class="line">Thru the land of the Uktena,</p>
+<p class="line">Thru it all he had to pass.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Till he reached the mystic region,</p>
+<p class="line">Far back in the darkest glen,</p>
+<p class="line">Near the lake of the enchanted</p>
+<p class="line">Only known to bravest men.</p>
+<p class="line">Here the bear and owl and panther,</p>
+<p class="line">Find a cure for every ill,</p>
+<p class="line">Find life&rsquo;s sweetest panacea,</p>
+<p class="line">Near the sparkling crystal rill,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">High upon the Smoky Mountains</p>
+<p class="line">Resonant with Nature wild,</p>
+<p class="line">For the wanderer from the distance,</p>
+<p class="line">And the tawny Indian child.</p>
+<p class="line">This the forest land primeval,</p>
+<p class="line">Full of awe and dread and dreams,</p>
+<p class="line">Full of ghouls and ghosts and goblins,</p>
+<p class="line">Full of rippling crystal streams.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb123" href="#pb123" name=
+"pb123">123</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">From the stream down in the ravine,</p>
+<p class="line">Came another gentle call,</p>
+<p class="line">Like the chirping of the robin,</p>
+<p class="line">In the hemlocks straight and tall.</p>
+<p class="line">Once again the call repeated,</p>
+<p class="line">Then a sudden little trill</p>
+<p class="line">Floated out upon the breezes,</p>
+<p class="line">From beside the crystal rill.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then the chieftain whistled keenly</p>
+<p class="line">Like a hawk upon the wing,</p>
+<p class="line">When it soars above the mountain,</p>
+<p class="line">On the balmy air of spring.</p>
+<p class="line">Then another chirping, chirping,</p>
+<p class="line">Came from deep down in the vale,</p>
+<p class="line">And it floated up the mountain</p>
+<p class="line">Like a leaf upon the gale.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Now the chieftain, moved by caution,</p>
+<p class="line">Watched and moved with greatest care,</p>
+<p class="line">Down and thru the deepest gulches,</p>
+<p class="line">Looking here, observing there,</p>
+<p class="line">For the bird or beast or human,</p>
+<p class="line">That could send out such a call,</p>
+<p class="line">From the laurel near the fountain</p>
+<p class="line">And a splendid waterfall.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb124" href="#pb124" name=
+"pb124">124</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Suddenly his heart beat faster,</p>
+<p class="line">At the sight which came to view,</p>
+<p class="line">Through the opening in the laurel</p>
+<p class="line">As it parts to let him thru.</p>
+<p class="line">She was bathing feet and ankles,</p>
+<p class="line">Arms and hands she did refresh</p>
+<p class="line">In the iridescent splendor,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the fountain cool and fresh.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">Then he bounds forth quick to greet her,</p>
+<p class="line">E&rsquo;er she sees him by her side,</p>
+<p class="line">She the maiden true and holy,</p>
+<p class="line">Who was soon to be his bride.</p>
+<p class="line">&ldquo;O, I see you, Occoneechee!&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="line">&ldquo;And I see you, Whippoorwill!&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="line">Were the greetings that they whispered</p>
+<p class="line">As they met there near the rill.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">They were married in the morning,</p>
+<p class="line">He the groom and she the bride,</p>
+<p class="line">And they lived in bliss together,</p>
+<p class="line">Many years before they died;</p>
+<p class="line">Now their spirits dwell together,</p>
+<p class="line">Near the hidden mystic shore,</p>
+<p class="line">Of the lake back in the shadows</p>
+<p class="line">Since their wanderings are o&rsquo;er.</p>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb125" href="#pb125" name=
+"pb125">125</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="lg">
+<p class="line">And at night the legends tell us,</p>
+<p class="line">You can hear a man and bride</p>
+<p class="line">Hold converse of trail and travel,</p>
+<p class="line">High upon the mountainside;</p>
+<p class="line">And the soul of Occoneechee,</p>
+<p class="line">Lingers near the rippling rill,</p>
+<p class="line">High upon the Smoky Mountains,</p>
+<p class="line">With her lover Whippoorwill.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb127" href="#pb127" name=
+"pb127">127</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="footnotes">
+<hr class="fnsep">
+<div class="footnote-body">
+<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id=
+"xd23e5844" href="#xd23e5844src" name="xd23e5844">1</a></span> Colonel
+Thomas.&nbsp;<a class="fnarrow" href="#xd23e5844src">&uarr;</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="pt3" class="div0 part">
+<h2 class="main">PART III</h2>
+<h2 class="main">MYTHS OF THE CHEROKEE</h2>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb129" href="#pb129" name=
+"pb129">129</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="div1 poem"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h2 class="main">MYTHS OF THE CHEROKEE</h2>
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;I know not how the truth may be,</p>
+<p class="line">I tell the tale as &rsquo;twas told me.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">The myths related here are from the great story
+tellers like Ayunini, or &ldquo;Swimmer,&rdquo; who was the greatest of
+all, but while he ranked first and lived during the time that tried
+men&rsquo;s hearts, having been born about 1835, and died in March,
+1899, his stories can only be perpetuated by putting them in print, and
+we are indebted to him for many of these beautiful stories, which
+should be perpetuated at least so long as one of the Cherokee tribe
+shall live.</p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="table">
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft cellTop">
+<div class="figure xd23e6316width" id="p129-1"><img src=
+"images/p129-1.jpg" alt="Sequoya." width="291" height="508">
+<p class="figureHead">Sequoya.</p>
+<p class="par first">Inventor of the Cherokee Alphabet.</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+<td class="cellRight cellTop">
+<div class="figure xd23e6323width" id="p129-2"><img src=
+"images/p129-2.jpg" alt="John Ax (Itagu-nuhi)." width="358" height=
+"646">
+<p class="figureHead">John Ax (Itagu-nuhi)<span class="corr" id=
+"xd23e6326" title="Not in source">.</span></p>
+<p class="par first">The great story teller.</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2" class="cellLeft cellRight cellBottom">
+<div class="figure xd23e6333width" id="p129-3"><img src=
+"images/p129-3.jpg" alt="Everglades of Florida." width="645" height=
+"417">
+<p class="figureHead">Everglades of Florida.</p>
+<p class="par first">Home of the Seminoles.</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par">Next in rank of importance comes Itagunahi, better known
+among the English-speaking people as John Axe, who was born in the year
+1800, saw the battle of Horseshoe Bend, witnessed the removal of the
+Cherokee tribe in 1838. He knew its history and almost all of the
+myths, legends and stories, transmitted many of them to the white man
+for record, and while he never spoke English, he was a very versatile
+and interesting man of the old type of Indians, and strong to the last
+days; he lived to near 100 years, then passed to the Happy Hunting
+Grounds.</p>
+<p class="par">To John D. Wofford, of the Western Reservation or tribe,
+we are indebted for much information, which would have been lost except
+for his wonderful knowledge.</p>
+<p class="par">All the story-tellers prefaced their remarks by saying,
+&ldquo;This is what the old folks used to tell us when we were
+boys.&rdquo; <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb130" href="#pb130" name=
+"pb130">130</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Cherokee myths may be classified as sacred myths, animal
+stories, local legends, and historical traditions. The sacred myths
+were not for every one, but only those might hear who observed the
+proper form and ceremony.</p>
+<p class="par">In the old times the myth-keepers and priests were
+accustomed to meet together at night in the asi, or low-built log
+sleeping house, to recite the traditions and discuss their secret
+knowledge. At times those who desired instruction from an adept in the
+sacred lore of the tribe would meet the priest by appointment in the
+asi, where they sat up all night talking, with only the light of a
+small fire burning in the middle of the floor. At daybreak the whole
+party went down to the running stream, where the pupils or hearers of
+the myths stripped themselves and were scratched upon the naked skin
+with a bone tooth comb in the hands of the priest, after which they
+waded out, facing the rising sun, and dipped seven times under the
+water, while the priest recited prayers upon the bank. The purificatory
+rite, which was observed more than a century ago by Adair, is also a
+part of the ceremonial of the ball play, the green-corn dance, and, in
+fact, every important ritual performance. Before beginning one of the
+stories of the sacred class the informant would sometimes suggest
+jokingly that the author first submit to being scratched and, &ldquo;Go
+to water.&rdquo; <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb131" href="#pb131"
+name="pb131">131</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH ONE.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>How the World Was Made.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">The earth is a great island floating in a sea of
+water, and suspended at each of the four cardinal points by a cord
+hanging down from the sky vault, which is of solid rock. When the world
+grows old and worn out, the people will die and the cords will break,
+and let the earth sink down into the ocean, and all will be water
+again. The Indians are afraid of this.</p>
+<p class="par">When all was water, the animals were above the
+Galunlati, beyond the arch; but it was very much crowded, and they were
+wanting more room. They wondered what was below the water, and at last
+Dayunisi, &ldquo;Beaver&rsquo;s Grandchild,&rdquo; the little
+Water-beetle, offered to go and see if it could learn. It darted in
+every direction over the surface of the water, but could find no firm
+place to rest.</p>
+<p class="par">Then it dived to the bottom and came up with some soft
+mud, which began to grow and spread in every direction until it became
+an island which we call the earth. It was afterwards fastened to the
+sky, but no one remembers who did it.</p>
+<p class="par">At first the earth was flat, and very soft and wet. The
+animals were anxious to get down, and sent out different birds to see
+if it was yet dry, but they found no place to alight and came back
+again to Galunlati. At last it seemed to be time, and they sent out the
+Buzzard and told him to go and make ready for them.</p>
+<p class="par">This was the Great Buzzard, the father of all the
+buzzards we see now. He flew all over the earth, low down, near the
+ground, and it was still soft. When he reached the Cherokee country, he
+was very tired, and his wings began to flap and strike the ground, and
+wherever they <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb132" href="#pb132" name=
+"pb132">132</a>]</span>struck the earth there was a valley, and where
+they turned up again, there was a mountain. When the animals above saw
+this, they were afraid the whole earth would be mountains, so they
+called him back, but the Cherokee country remains full of mountains to
+this day.</p>
+<p class="par">When the earth was dry and the animals came down, it was
+still dark, so they got the sun and set it in a track to go every day
+across the island from east to west, just overhead. It was too hot this
+way, and Tsiskagili, the Red Crawfish, had his shell scorched red, so
+that his meat was spoiled; and the Cherokee do not eat it. The
+conjurers put the sun another hand-breadth higher in the air, but it
+was still too hot.</p>
+<p class="par">They raised it another time, and another, until it was
+seven hand-breadths high, and just under the sky arch. Then it was
+right, and they left it so. This is why the conjurers call the highest
+place <span class="corr" id="xd23e6374" title=
+"Not in source">&ldquo;</span>Gulkwagine Digalunlatiyun,&rdquo;
+&ldquo;the seven height,&rdquo; because it is seven hand-breadths above
+the earth. Every day the sun goes along under this arch, and returns at
+night on the upper side to the starting place.</p>
+<p class="par">There is another world under this, and it is like ours
+in everything&mdash;animals, plants, and people&mdash;save that the
+seasons are different. The streams that come down from the mountains
+are the trails by which the people reach the underworld, and the
+springs at their heads are the doorways by which they enter it, but to
+do this one must fast and go to water and have one of the underground
+people for a guide. We know that the seasons in the underground are
+different from ours, because the water in the springs is warmer in the
+winter and cooler in the summer than the outer air.</p>
+<p class="par">When the animals and the plants were first made&mdash;we
+do not know by whom&mdash;they were told to watch and <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb133" href="#pb133" name="pb133">133</a>]</span>keep
+awake for seven nights, just as young men now fast and keep awake when
+they pray to their medicine. They tried to do this, and nearly all were
+awake through the first night, but the next night several dropped off
+to sleep, and the third night others were asleep, and then others,
+until, on the seventh night, of all the animals, only the owl, the
+panther and one or two more were still awake.</p>
+<p class="par">To these were given the power to see and to go about in
+the dark, and to make prey of the birds and animals which must sleep at
+night. Of the trees, only the cedar, the pine, the spruce, the holly
+and the laurel were awake to the end, and to them it was given to be
+always green and to be greatest for medicine, but to the others it was
+said: &ldquo;Because you have not endured to the end you shall lose
+your hair every winter.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Men came after the animals and plants. At first there
+were only a brother and sister until he struck her with a fish and told
+her to multiply, and so it was. In seven days a child was born to her,
+and thereafter every seven days another, and they increased very fast
+until there was danger that the world could not keep them. Then it was
+made that a woman should have only one child in a year, and it has been
+so ever since.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH TWO.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The First Fire.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">In the beginning there was no fire, and the world
+was cold, until the Thunders (Ani-Hyuntikwalaski) who lived up in
+Galunlati, sent their lightning and put fire into the bottom of a
+hollow sycamore tree, which grew <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb134"
+href="#pb134" name="pb134">134</a>]</span>on an island. The animals
+knew it was there, because they could see the smoke coming out at the
+top, but they could not get to it on account of the water, so they held
+a council to decide what to do. This was a long time ago.</p>
+<p class="par">Every animal that could fly or swim was anxious to go
+after the fire. The Raven offered, and because he was so large and
+strong they thought he could surely do the work, so he was sent first.
+He flew high and far across the water and alighted on the sycamore
+tree, but while he was wondering what to do next, the heat had scorched
+all his feathers black, and he was frightened and came back without the
+fire.</p>
+<p class="par">The little Screech-owl (Wahuhu) volunteered to go, and
+reached the place safely, but while he was looking down in the hollow
+tree a blast of hot air came up and nearly burned out his eyes. He
+managed to fly home as best he could, but it was a long time before he
+could see well, and his eyes are red to this day.</p>
+<p class="par">Then the Hooting Owl (Uguku) and the Horned Owl (Tskili)
+went, but by the time they got to the hollow tree the fire was burning
+so fiercely that the smoke nearly blinded them, and the ashes carried
+up by the wind made white rings about their eyes. They had to come home
+again without the fire, but with all of their rubbing they were never
+able to get rid of the white rings.</p>
+<p class="par">Now, no more of the birds would venture, and so the
+little Uksuhi snake, the Black Racer, said he would go through the
+water and bring back some fire. He swam across to the island and
+crawled through the grass to the tree, and went in by a small hole at
+the bottom. The heat and smoke were too much for him, too, and after
+dodging about blindly over the hot ashes until he was almost on fire
+himself he managed by good luck to get out again at the same hole, but
+his body had scorched <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb135" href=
+"#pb135" name="pb135">135</a>]</span>black, and he has ever since had
+the habit of darting and doubling on his track as if trying to escape
+from close quarters.</p>
+<p class="par">He came back, and the great Blacksnake, Gulegi,
+&ldquo;The Climber,&rdquo; offered to go for the fire. He swam over to
+the island and climbed up the tree on the outside, as the blacksnake
+always does, but when he put his head down into the hole the smoke
+choked him so that he fell into the burning stump, and before he could
+climb out again he was as black as the Uksuhi.</p>
+<p class="par">Now, they held another council, for still there was no
+fire, and the world was cold, but the birds, snakes and four-footed
+animals all had some excuse for not going, because they were all afraid
+to venture near the burning sycamore, until at last Kananeski Amaiyehi
+(the Water Spider) said she would go. This is not the water spider that
+looks like a mosquito, but the other one, with black downy hair and red
+stripes on her body. She can run on the water or dive to the bottom, so
+there would be no trouble to get over to the island, but the question
+was, how could she bring back the fire?</p>
+<p class="par">&ldquo;I&rsquo;ll manage that,&rdquo; said the spider,
+so she spun a thread from her body and wove it into a tusti bowl, which
+she fastened on her back. Then she crossed over to the island and
+through the grass to where the fire was still burning. She put one
+little coal of fire into her bowl, and came back with it, and ever
+since we have had fire, and the spider still keeps her tusti bowl.
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb136" href="#pb136" name=
+"pb136">136</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH THREE.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>Origin of the Pleiades and the Pine.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">Long ago, when the world was new, there were seven
+boys who used to spend all their time down by the town-house, playing
+the gatayusti game, rolling a stone wheel along the ground and sliding
+a curved stick after it to strike it. Their mothers scolded but it did
+no good, so one day they collected some gatayusti stones and boiled
+them in the pot with the corn for dinner.</p>
+<p class="par">When the boys came home hungry their mothers dipped out
+the stones and said, &ldquo;Since you like the gatayusti better than
+the cornfield, take the stones now for your dinner.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">The boys were very angry, and went down to the
+town-house, saying, &ldquo;As our mothers treat us this way, let us go
+where we shall never trouble them any more.&rdquo; They began a
+dance&mdash;some say it was the feather dance&mdash;and went round and
+round the town-house, praying to the spirits to help them. At last
+their mothers were afraid something was wrong and went out to look for
+them.</p>
+<p class="par">They saw the boys still dancing around the town-house,
+and as they watched they noticed that their feet were off the earth,
+and that with every round they rose higher and higher in the air.</p>
+<p class="par">They ran to get their children, but it was too late, for
+they were already above the roof of the town-house&mdash;all but one,
+whose mother managed to pull him down with the gatayusti pole, but he
+struck the ground with such force that he sank into it and the earth
+closed over him. The other six children circled higher and higher until
+they went up to the sky, where we see them now <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb137" href="#pb137" name="pb137">137</a>]</span>as
+the pleiades, which the Cherokee still calls
+&ldquo;Anitsutsa<span class="corr" id="xd23e6434" title=
+"Not in source">&rdquo;</span> (the Boys).</p>
+<p class="par">The people grieved long after them, but the mother whose
+boy had gone into the ground came every morning and evening to cry over
+the spot, until the earth was damp with her tears.</p>
+<p class="par">At last a little green shoot sprouted up and grew day by
+day until it became the tall tree that we now call the pine, and the
+pine is still of the same nature as the stars and holds in itself the
+same bright light.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH FOUR.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Milky Way.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">Some people in the South had a corn mill, in which
+they pounded the corn into meal, and several mornings when they came to
+fill it they noticed that some of the meal had been stolen during the
+night.</p>
+<p class="par">They examined the ground, and found the tracks of a dog;
+so the next night they watched, and when the dog came from the North,
+and began to eat the meal out of the bowl, they sprang out and whipped
+him. He ran off howling to his home in the North, with the meal
+dropping from his mouth as he ran, and leaving behind a white trail
+where now we see the Milky Way, which the Cherokee calls to this day
+Gili-utsunstanunyi, &ldquo;Where the dog ran.&rdquo; <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb138" href="#pb138" name="pb138">138</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH FIVE.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Deluge.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">A long time ago a man had a dog, which began to go
+down to the river every day and look at the water and howl. At last the
+man was very angry and scolded the dog, which then spoke to him and
+said: &ldquo;Very soon there is going to be a great freshet and the
+water will come so high that everybody will be drowned; but if you will
+make a raft to get upon when the rain comes, you can be saved, but you
+must first throw me into the water.&rdquo; The man did not believe it,
+and the dog said, &ldquo;If you want a sign that I speak the truth,
+look at the back of my neck.&rdquo; He looked and saw that the
+dog&rsquo;s neck had the skin worked off so that the bones stuck
+out.</p>
+<p class="par">Then he believed the dog, and began to build a raft.
+Soon the rain came and he took his family, with plenty of provisions,
+and they all got upon it. It rained for a long time, and the water rose
+until the mountains were covered and all the people in the world were
+drowned. Then the rain stopped and the water went down again, until at
+last it was safe to come off the raft.</p>
+<p class="par">Now, there was no one alive but the man and his family,
+but one day they heard a sound of dancing and shouting on the other
+side of the ridge. The man climbed to the top and looked over;
+everything was still, but all along the valley he saw great piles of
+bones of the people who had been drowned, and then he knew that the
+Ghosts had been dancing. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb139" href=
+"#pb139" name="pb139">139</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH SIX.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>How the Terrapin Beat the Rabbit.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">The Rabbit was a great runner and a great boaster
+of what she could do. No one thought that a Terrapin was anything but a
+slow traveler, but he was a great warrior and very boastful, and the
+two were always disputing about their speed. At last they agreed to
+decide the matter by a race.</p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e6474width" id="p139"><img src="images/p139.jpg"
+alt="Tuckaseigee River." width="466" height="720">
+<p class="figureHead">Tuckaseigee River.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;There the Tuckaseigee River</p>
+<p class="line">Dashes down its rocky bed.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par">They fixed the day and the starting place, and arranged
+to run across four mountain ridges, and the one who came in first at
+the end of the race was to be the winner.</p>
+<p class="par">The Rabbit felt so sure of it that he said to the
+Terrapin, &ldquo;You know you can&rsquo;t run. You know you can never
+win the race, so I&rsquo;ll give you the first ridge and then
+you&rsquo;ll have three to cross while I go over four.&rdquo; The
+Terrapin said that would be all right, but that night when he went home
+to his family he sent for his Terrapin friends and told them he wanted
+their help. He said he knew he could not outrun the Rabbit, but he
+wanted to stop the Rabbit&rsquo;s boasting. He explained his plan to
+his friends and they agreed to help him. When the day came all the
+animals were there to see the race. The Rabbit was there with them, but
+the Terrapin was gone ahead toward the first ridge, as they had
+arranged, and they could hardly see him on account of the tall
+grass.</p>
+<p class="par">The word was given and the Rabbit <span class="corr" id=
+"xd23e6493" title="Not in source">ran</span> off with long jumps up the
+mountain, expecting to win the race before the Terrapin could get down
+on the other side. But before he got up the mountain he saw the
+Terrapin go over the ridge ahead of him. He ran on, and when he reached
+the top he looked all around, but could not see the Terrapin on account
+of the long grass. He kept on <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb140"
+href="#pb140" name="pb140">140</a>]</span>down the mountain and began
+to climb the second ridge, but when he looked up again there was the
+Terrapin just going over the top.</p>
+<p class="par">Now he was very much surprised, and made his longest
+jumps to catch up, but when he got to the top there was the Terrapin
+away in front going over the third ridge. The Rabbit was getting tired
+now and nearly out of breath, but he kept on down the mountain and up
+the other ridge until he got to the top just in time to see the
+Terrapin cross the fourth ridge and thus win the race. The Rabbit could
+not make another jump, but fell over on the ground, crying, &ldquo;mi,
+mi, mi, mi,&rdquo; as the Rabbit does ever since when he is too tired
+to run any more.</p>
+<p class="par">The race was given to the Terrapin, and all the animals
+wondered how he could win against the Rabbit, but he kept still and
+never told. It was easy enough, however, because all the
+Terrapin&rsquo;s friends look just alike, and he had simply posted one
+near the top of each ridge to wait until the Rabbit came in sight and
+then climb over and hide in the long grass.</p>
+<p class="par">When the Rabbit came on he could not find the Terrapin
+and so thought the Terrapin was ahead, and if he had met one of the
+other Terrapins he would have thought it the same one, because they
+look so much alike. The real Terrapin had posted himself on the fourth
+ridge, so as to come in at the end of the race and be ready to answer
+questions if the animals suspected anything.</p>
+<p class="par">Because the Rabbit had to lie down and lose the race the
+conjurer now, when preparing his young men for the ball play, boils a
+lot of rabbit hamstrings into soup, and sends some one to pour it
+across the path along which the other players have to come in the
+morning, so that they may become tired in the same way and lose the
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb141" href="#pb141" name=
+"pb141">141</a>]</span>game. It is not always easy to do this, because
+the other party is expecting it and has watchers ahead to prevent
+it.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH SEVEN.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Rabbit and the Tar Wolf.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">Once there was such a long spell of dry weather
+that there was no more water in the creeks and springs, and the animals
+held a council to see what to do about it. They decided to dig a well,
+and all agreed to help except the Rabbit, who was a lazy fellow, and
+said, &ldquo;I don&rsquo;t need to dig for water. The dew on the grass
+is enough for me.&rdquo; The others did not like this, but they went to
+work together and dug the well.</p>
+<p class="par">They noticed by and by that the Rabbit kept sleek and
+lively, although it was still dry weather and the water was getting low
+in the well. They said, &ldquo;That tricky Rabbit steals our water at
+night,&rdquo; so they made a wolf of pine gum and tar and set it up by
+the well to scare the thief. That night the Rabbit came, as he had been
+coming every night, to drink enough to last him all next day. He saw
+the queer black thing by the well and said, &ldquo;Who&rsquo;s
+there?&rdquo; but the tar wolf said nothing.</p>
+<p class="par">He came nearer, but the wolf never moved, so he grew
+braver and said, &ldquo;Get out of my way or I will kick you.&rdquo;
+Still the wolf never moved and the Rabbit came up and struck it with
+its front foot, but the tar held it fast. Now he was angry and said:
+&ldquo;Turn my foot loose, or I will strike you with my other front
+foot&rdquo;; still the wolf said nothing. Then the Rabbit struck the
+wolf with his other foot, and it stuck, and the Rabbit said,
+&ldquo;Turn my <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb142" href="#pb142" name=
+"pb142">142</a>]</span>foot loose or I will kick you,&rdquo; and still
+the wolf was silent, and then the rabbit kicked with his right hind
+foot so hard that it stuck, and still the wolf said nothing; and the
+Rabbit said, &ldquo;If you don&rsquo;t turn my foot loose, I will kick
+you with my left hind foot, which never fails to accomplish what I want
+it to do&rdquo;; yet the wolf was silent, and the Rabbit made his last
+kick and the foot stuck, just as the others had done.</p>
+<p class="par">The Rabbit plead with the wolf to let him go, and yet no
+response came, and, at last, when he found he was stuck fast with his
+feet, he said: &ldquo;If you don&rsquo;t turn me loose I will butt you
+with all my might,&rdquo; and in his desperation, he struck with all
+his force, and his head stuck fast to the wolf.</p>
+<p class="par">In the morning all the animals came down to the well to
+drink as usual, and found the Rabbit stuck fast to the wolf of tar, and
+they began to discuss what disposition to make of him, so one suggested
+that they cut his head off, to which the Rabbit replied, &ldquo;Please
+do cut my head off, for it is such an easy death to die,&rdquo; but
+this aroused the suspicion of the animals, so that the fox said,
+&ldquo;No, we will not do this for he deserves a harsher death than
+this,&rdquo; whereupon they all agreed. Then the Wolf suggested that
+they burn him alive, to which the Rabbit said, &ldquo;Please Mr. Wolf,
+have me burned, for that will be so easy,&rdquo; but this did not
+please the audience, and another suggested that they take him to the
+briar patch, and throw him into the thickest part of the sharp briars
+to scratch him to pieces, to which the Rabbit said, &ldquo;Oh, Mr. Fox,
+please do not allow me to be thrown into the briars for they stick and
+scratch me so much that I could never stand the pain&rdquo;; and they
+all with one accord exclaimed, &ldquo;Throw him in,&rdquo; and they
+threw him into the briars, and the Rabbit sped away as fast as he
+could, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb143" href="#pb143" name=
+"pb143">143</a>]</span>saying, &ldquo;This is where I was reared, this
+is my home, and this is all that I could desire.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH EIGHT.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Rabbit and the Possum After a Wife.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">The Rabbit and the Possum each wanted a wife, but
+no one would marry either of them. They talked the matter over and the
+Rabbit said, &ldquo;We can&rsquo;t get wives here; let&rsquo;s go to
+the next settlement. I&rsquo;m the messenger for the council, and
+I&rsquo;ll tell the people that I bring an order that everybody must
+take a mate at once, and then we&rsquo;ll be sure to get
+wives.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">The Possum thought this a fine plan, so they started off
+together to the next town. As the Rabbit traveled faster he got there
+first and waited outside until the people noticed him and took him into
+the town-house. When the chief came to ask him his business the Rabbit
+said he brought an important message from the council that everybody
+must get married without delay. So the chief called the people together
+and told them the message from the council, whereupon every animal took
+a mate at once, and the Rabbit got a wife.</p>
+<p class="par">The Possum traveled so slowly that he got there after
+all the animals had mated, leaving him still without a wife.</p>
+<p class="par">The Rabbit pretended to feel sorry for him and said,
+&ldquo;Never mind, I&rsquo;ll carry the message to the people in the
+next settlement, and you hurry on as fast as you can, and this time you
+will get your wife.&rdquo; So he went on to the next town, and the
+Possum followed close after <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb144" href=
+"#pb144" name="pb144">144</a>]</span>him. But when the Rabbit got to
+the town-house, he sent out the word that, as there had been peace so
+long there that everybody was getting lazy, the council had ordered
+that there must be war at once, and they must begin right in the
+town-house. So they all began fighting, but the Rabbit made four great
+leaps and got away just as the Possum came in. Everybody jumped on the
+Possum, who had not thought of bringing his weapons on a wedding trip,
+and so could not defend himself. They had nearly beaten the life out of
+him when he fell over and pretended to be dead until he saw a good
+chance to jump up and get away. The Possum never got a wife, but he
+remembers the lesson, and ever since he shuts his eyes and pretends to
+be dead when the hunter has him in a close place.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH NINE.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>How the Turkey Got His Beard.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">When the Terrapin won the race from the Rabbit
+(see Myth Six) all the animals wondered and talked about it a great
+deal, because they had always thought the Terrapin slow, although they
+knew that he was a warrior and had many conjuring secrets besides.</p>
+<p class="par">But the Turkey was not satisfied, and told the others
+that there must be some trick about it. Said he, &ldquo;I know the
+Terrapin can&rsquo;t run&mdash;he can hardly crawl&mdash;and I&rsquo;m
+going to try him.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">So one day the Turkey met the Terrapin coming home from
+war with a fresh scalp hanging from his neck and dragging on the ground
+as he traveled. The Turkey <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb145" href=
+"#pb145" name="pb145">145</a>]</span>laughed at the sight and said:
+&ldquo;That scalp don&rsquo;t look right on you. Your neck is too short
+and low down to wear it that way. Let me show you.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">The Terrapin agreed and gave the scalp to the Turkey,
+who fastened it around his neck. &ldquo;Now,&rdquo; said the Turkey,
+&ldquo;I&rsquo;ll walk a little way and you can see how it
+looks.&rdquo; So he walked ahead a short distance and then turned and
+asked the Terrapin how he liked it. Said the Terrapin, &ldquo;It looks
+very nice; it becomes you.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">&ldquo;Now, I&rsquo;ll fix it in a different way and let
+you see how it looks,&rdquo; said the Turkey. So he gave the string
+another pull and walked ahead again. &ldquo;Oh, that looks very
+nice,&rdquo; said the Terrapin. But the Turkey kept on walking, and the
+Terrapin called to him to bring back the scalp, but he only walked the
+faster and broke into a run.</p>
+<p class="par">Then the Terrapin got out his bow and by his conjuring
+art shot a number of cane splits into the Turkey&rsquo;s legs, to
+cripple him so he could not run, which accounts for all the many bones
+in the Turkey&rsquo;s legs, that are of no use whatever; but the
+Terrapin never caught the Turkey, who still wears the scalp from his
+neck.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH TEN.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>Why the Turkey Gobbles.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">A long time ago the Grouse had a fine voice and a
+good halloo in the ball play. All the animals and birds used to play
+ball in those days and were just as proud of a loud halloo as the ball
+players of today. The Turkey had a poor voice, so he asked the Grouse
+to give him <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb146" href="#pb146" name=
+"pb146">146</a>]</span>lessons. The Grouse agreed to teach him, but
+wanted pay for his trouble, and the Turkey promised to give him some
+feathers to make him a collar. This is how the Grouse got his collar of
+turkey feathers. They began the lessons, and the Turkey learned very
+fast until the Grouse thought it was time for the Turkey to try his
+voice. &ldquo;Now,&rdquo; said the Grouse, &ldquo;I&rsquo;ll stand on
+this hollow log, and when I give the signal by tapping on it, you must
+halloo as loudly as you can.&rdquo; So he got upon the log ready to tap
+on it, as a Grouse does, but when he gave the signal the Turkey was so
+eager and excited that he could not raise his voice for a shout, but
+only gobbled, and ever since then he gobbles whenever he hears a
+noise.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH ELEVEN.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>How the Kingfisher Got His Bill.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">Some old men tell us that the Kingfisher was meant
+in the beginning to be a water bird, but as he had not been given
+either web feet or a good bill he could not make a living.</p>
+<p class="par">The animals held a council over it and decided to make
+him a bill like a long sharp awl for a fish-gig or spear.</p>
+<p class="par">They made him a fish-gig and fastened it on in front of
+his mouth. Me flew to the top of a tree, sailed out and darted down
+into the water, and came up with a fish on his gig; and he has been the
+best gigger ever since.</p>
+<p class="par">Others say it was this way: A Blacksnake found a
+yellow-hammer&rsquo;s nest in a hollow tree, and after swallowing
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb147" href="#pb147" name=
+"pb147">147</a>]</span>the young birds, coiled up in the nest to sleep,
+and when the mother bird found him there, she went for help to the
+Little People, who sent her to the Kingfisher. He came, and after
+flying back and forth past the hole a few times, made one dart at the
+snake and pulled him out dead.</p>
+<p class="par">When they looked they found a hole in the snake&rsquo;s
+head where the Kingfisher had pierced it with a slender tugaluna fish,
+which he carried in his bill like a lance. From this the Little People
+concluded that he would make a first-class gigger if he only had the
+right spear, so they gave him his long bill as a reward, and he has
+ever since been known among all the fowls and animals as the best
+fisherman among them.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH TWELVE.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>How the Partridge Got His Whistle.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">In the old days, when the world was new, the
+Terrapin had a fine whistle, but the Partridge had none. The Terrapin
+was constantly going about whistling and showing his whistle to the
+other animals, until the Partridge became jealous, so one day when they
+met, the Partridge asked leave of the Terrapin to try the whistle.</p>
+<p class="par">The Terrapin was afraid to risk it at first, suspecting
+some trick, but the Partridge said, &ldquo;I&rsquo;ll give it back
+right away, and if you are afraid you can stay with me while I
+practice.&rdquo; So the Terrapin let him have the whistle and the
+Partridge walked around blowing on it in fine fashion. &ldquo;How does
+it sound with me?&rdquo; asked the Partridge. &ldquo;O, you do very
+well,&rdquo; said the Terrapin, walking <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb148" href="#pb148" name="pb148">148</a>]</span>alongside.
+&ldquo;Now, how do you like it,&rdquo; said the Partridge, running
+ahead and whistling a little faster. &ldquo;That&rsquo;s fine,&rdquo;
+answered the Terrapin, hurrying to keep up, &ldquo;but don&rsquo;t run
+so fast.&rdquo; &ldquo;And now how do you like this?&rdquo; called the
+Partridge, and with that he spread his wings, gave one long whistle,
+and flew to the top of a tree, leaving the poor Terrapin to look after
+him from the ground.</p>
+<p class="par">The Terrapin never recovered his whistle, and from that
+and the loss of his scalp, which was stolen from him by the Turkey, he
+grew ashamed to be seen, and ever since then he shuts himself up in his
+box when anyone comes near him.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTEEN.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>How the Red Bird Got His Color.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">A Raccoon passing a Wolf one day made several
+insulting remarks, until at last the Wolf became angry and turned and
+chased him. The Raccoon ran his best, and managed to reach a tree by
+the river side before the Wolf came up. He climbed the tree and
+stretched out on a limb overhanging the water. When the Wolf arrived,
+he saw the reflection in the water, and, thinking it was the Raccoon,
+jumped at it and was nearly drowned before he could scramble out again,
+all wet and dripping. He lay down on the bank to dry and fell asleep,
+and while he was sleeping the Raccoon came down the tree and got some
+blue-pipe clay and plastered his eyes so that he could not open them
+and he began to howl and make a whining noise. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb149" href="#pb149" name="pb149">149</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">A little brown bird came along and hearing the Wolf
+crying, asked what was the matter. The Wolf told his story and said:
+&ldquo;If you will get my eyes open, I will show you where to get some
+nice red paint to paint yourself.&rdquo; &ldquo;All right,&rdquo; said
+the brown bird; so he began to peck at the mud and soon got his eyes
+open. Then the Wolf took him to a rock that had streaks of bright red
+paint running through it, and the little bird painted himself with it,
+and has ever since been known as the Red-bird.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH FOURTEEN.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Pheasant Beating Corn, the Origin of the
+Pheasant Dance.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">The Pheasant once saw a woman beating corn in a
+wooden mortar in front of the house. &ldquo;I can do that, too,&rdquo;
+said he, but the woman would not believe it, so the Pheasant went into
+the woods and got upon a hollow log and &ldquo;drummed&rdquo; with his
+wings, as a Pheasant does, until the people in the house heard him and
+thought he was really beating corn.</p>
+<p class="par">In the Pheasant dance, a part of the Green-Corn dance,
+the instrument used is a drum, and the dancers beat the ground with
+their feet in imitation of the drumming sound made by the Pheasant.</p>
+<p class="par">They form two concentric circles, the men beginning on
+the inside, facing the women in the outer circle; each in turn
+advancing and retreating at the signal of the drummer, who sits at one
+side and sings the Pheasant songs. According to the story, there was
+once a winter famine among the birds and animals. No mast could
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb150" href="#pb150" name=
+"pb150">150</a>]</span>be found in the woods, and they were near
+starvation when a Pheasant discovered a holly tree, loaded with red
+berries, which the Pheasant is very fond of. He called his companions,
+and they formed a circle about the tree, singing, dancing and drumming
+with their wings in token of their joy, and thus originated the
+Pheasant dance.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH FIFTEEN.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Race Between the Crane and the
+Humming-Bird.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">The Humming-Bird and the Crane were both in love
+with a pretty woman. She <span class="corr" id="xd23e6640" title=
+"Source: perferred">preferred</span> the Humming-bird, who was as
+handsome as the Crane was awkward, but the Crane was so persistent that
+in order to get rid of him she finally told him he must challenge the
+other to a race and she would marry the winner. The Humming-bird was so
+swift&mdash;almost like a flash of lightning&mdash;and the Crane so
+slow and heavy, that she felt sure that the Humming-bird would win. She
+did not know that the Crane could fly all night.</p>
+<p class="par">They agreed to start from her house and fly around the
+circle of the world to the beginning, and the one who came in first
+would marry the woman. At the word the Humming-bird darted off like an
+arrow and was out of sight in a moment, leaving his rival to follow
+heavily behind. He flew all day, and when evening came and he stopped
+to roost for the night he was far ahead. But the Crane flew steadily
+all night, passing the humming-bird soon after midnight, and going on
+until he came to a creek and stopped to rest about daybreak.
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb151" href="#pb151" name=
+"pb151">151</a>]</span>The Humming-bird woke up in the morning and flew
+on again, thinking how easily he would win the race, until he reached
+the creek, and there found the Crane spearing tadpoles, with his long
+bill, for breakfast.</p>
+<p class="par">He was very much surprised and wondered how this could
+have happened, but he flew swiftly by and soon left the Crane out of
+sight again. The Crane finished his breakfast and started on, and when
+evening came he kept on as before.</p>
+<p class="par">This time it was hardly midnight when he passed the
+Humming-bird asleep on a limb, and in the morning he had finished his
+breakfast before the other came up. The next day he gained a little
+more, and on the fourth day he was spearing tadpoles for dinner when
+the Humming-bird passed him. On the fifth and sixth days it was late in
+the afternoon before the Humming-bird came up, and, on the morning of
+the seventh day the Crane was a whole night&rsquo;s travel ahead.</p>
+<p class="par">He took his time at breakfast and then fixed himself up
+as nicely as he could at the creek and came in at the starting place
+where the woman lived, early in the morning.</p>
+<p class="par">When the Humming-bird arrived in the afternoon he found
+that he had lost the race, but the woman declared she would never have
+such an ugly fellow for a husband as the Crane.</p>
+<p class="par">Moral. Beware of fine feathers. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb152" href="#pb152" name="pb152">152</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div1 poem"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h2 class="main"><i>SNAKE, FISH AND INSECT MYTHS.</i></h2>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH SIXTEEN.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Snake Tribe.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">The generic name for snake is inadu. They are all
+regarded as inaduwehi, &ldquo;supernaturals,&rdquo; having an intimate
+connection with the rain and the thunder gods, and possessing a certain
+influence over the other animals and plant tribes. It is said that the
+snakes, the deer, and the ginseng act as allies, so that an injury to
+one is avenged by the others. The feeling toward snakes is one mingled
+with fear and reverence, and every precaution is taken to avoid the
+killing or offending one, especially the rattlesnake. He who kills a
+snake will soon see others; and should he kill a second one, so many
+will come around him, whichever way he may turn, that he will become
+dazed at the sight of their glistening eyes and darting tongues, and
+will go wandering about like a crazy man, unable to find his way out of
+the woods.</p>
+<p class="par">To guard against this misfortune there are certain
+prayers which the initiated say in order that a snake may not cross
+their path, and on meeting the first one of the season the hunter
+humbly begs of him, &ldquo;Let us not see each other this
+summer.&rdquo; Certain smells, as that of the wild parsnip, and certain
+songs, as those of the Unikawi or town-house dance, are offensive to
+the snakes and make them angry. For this reason the Unikawi dance is
+held only late in the fall, after they have retired to their dens for
+the winter. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb153" href="#pb153" name=
+"pb153">153</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">When one dreams of being bitten by a snake he must be
+treated the same as for the actual bite, because it is the snake ghost
+that has bitten him; otherwise the place will swell and ulcerate in the
+same way, even though it be years afterwards. For fear of offending
+them, even in speaking, it is never said that a man has been bitten by
+a snake, but only that he has been &ldquo;scratched by a briar.&rdquo;
+Most of the beliefs and customs in this connection have more special
+reference to the rattlesnake.</p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="table">
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft cellTop">
+<div class="figure xd23e6679width" id="p153-1"><img src=
+"images/p153-1.jpg" alt="Kanuga Lake and Pinnacle." width="333" height=
+"510">
+<p class="figureHead">Kanuga Lake and Pinnacle.</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+<td class="cellRight cellTop">
+<div class="figure xd23e6684width" id="p153-2"><img src=
+"images/p153-2.jpg" alt="Lake Fairfield." width="333" height="512">
+<p class="figureHead">Lake Fairfield.</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft cellBottom">
+<div class="figure xd23e6690width" id="p153-3"><img src=
+"images/p153-3.jpg" alt="Kanuga Lake, Hendersonville." width="333"
+height="514">
+<p class="figureHead">Kanuga Lake, Hendersonville.</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+<td class="cellRight cellBottom">
+<div class="figure xd23e6695width"><img src="images/p153-4.jpg" alt=
+"Pacolet River, Hendersonville." width="333" height="510">
+<p class="figureHead">Pacolet River, Hendersonville.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Down the valley glides the river,</p>
+<p class="line">Murmuring a sad farewell.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par">The rattlesnake is called utsanati, which may be
+rendered, &ldquo;he has a bell,&rdquo; alluding to the rattles.
+According to their myths the rattlesnake was once a man, and was
+transformed to his present shape that he might save the human race from
+extermination by the Sun, a mission which he accomplished successfully
+after others had failed.</p>
+<p class="par">By the old men he is also spoken of as &ldquo;The
+Thunder&rsquo;s Necklace,&rdquo; and to kill one is to destroy one of
+the most prized ornaments of the Thunder-god. In one of the formulas
+addressed to the Little Men, the sons of the Thunder, they are implored
+to take the disease snake to themselves, because, &ldquo;It is just
+what you adorn yourselves with.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">For obvious reasons the rattlesnake is regarded as the
+chief of the tribe and is feared and respected accordingly. Few
+Cherokee will venture to kill one except under absolute necessity, and
+even then the crime must be atoned for by asking pardon of the snake
+ghost, either through the mediation of a priest or in person according
+to a set formula.</p>
+<p class="par">Otherwise, the relatives of the dead snake will send one
+of their number to track up the offender and bite him, so that he will
+die. The only thing of which it is said that the rattlesnake is afraid
+is the plant known as <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb154" href=
+"#pb154" name="pb154">154</a>]</span>campion, or
+&ldquo;rattlesnake&rsquo;s master&rdquo; (Silene Stella), which is used
+by doctors to counteract the effect of the bite, and it is believed
+that a snake will flee in terror from the hunter who carries a small
+piece of the root about his person.</p>
+<p class="par">Notwithstanding the fear of the rattlesnake, his
+rattles, teeth, flesh and oil are greatly prized for occult or medical
+uses, the snake being killed for this purpose by certain priests who
+know the necessary rites and formulas for obtaining pardon.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH SEVENTEEN.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Uktena and the Ulunsuti.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">Long ago&mdash;hilahiyu&mdash;when the Sun became
+angry at the people on earth, and sent a sickness to destroy them, the
+Little Men changed a man into a monster snake, as large as the trunk of
+a tree, with horns, which they called the Uktena, &ldquo;The
+Keen-eyed,&rdquo; and sent him to kill her. He failed to do the work,
+and the Rattlesnake had to be sent instead, which made the Uktena so
+jealous and angry that the people were afraid of him and had him taken
+to Galunlati, to stay with the other dangerous things. He left others
+behind him, though, nearly as large and dangerous as himself, and they
+hide now in the deep pools in the river and about lonely passes in the
+high mountains, the places which the Cherokee call, &ldquo;Where the
+Uktena stays.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Those who know say that the Uktena with its horns on its
+head has a bright blazing crest like a diamond upon its forehead, and
+scales glittering like sparks of <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb155"
+href="#pb155" name="pb155">155</a>]</span>fire upon its body. It has
+rings or spots along its whole length, and cannot be wounded except by
+shooting in the seventh spot from the head because under this spot are
+its heart and its life.</p>
+<p class="par">The blazing spot is called Ulunsuti,
+&ldquo;Transparent,&rdquo; and he who can win it may become the
+greatest wonder-worker of the tribe, but it is worth a man&rsquo;s life
+to attempt it, for whoever is seen by the Uktena is so dazed by the
+bright light that he runs toward the snake instead of trying to escape.
+Even to see the Uktena asleep is death, not to the hunter himself, but
+to his family. Of all the daring warriors who have started out in
+search of Ulunsu&rsquo;ti only <span class="corr" id="xd23e6734" title=
+"Source: Agan-unitsi">Agan-uni-tsi</span> ever came back
+successful.</p>
+<p class="par">The East Cherokee still keeps the one that he bought. It
+is like a transparent crystal, nearly the shape of a cartridge bullet,
+with blood-red streaks running thru the center from top to bottom. The
+owner keeps it wrapped in a whole deerskin, inside an earthen vessel,
+hidden away in a secret cave in the mountains.</p>
+<p class="par">Every seven days he feeds it with the blood of small
+game, rubbing the blood all over the crystal as soon as the animal has
+been killed. Twice a year it must have the blood of a deer or some
+other large animal. Should he forget to feed it at the proper time it
+would come out of the cave at night in a shape of fire and fly thru the
+air to slake its thirst with the life blood of the conjurer or some of
+his people.</p>
+<p class="par">He may save himself from this danger by telling it, when
+he puts it away, that he will not need it again for a long time. It
+will then go quietly to sleep and feel no hunger until it is again
+brought out to be consulted. Then it must be fed again on blood before
+it is used. No white man must ever see it, and no person but the owner
+will venture near it for fear of sudden death. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb156" href="#pb156" name="pb156">156</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Even the conjurer who keeps it is afraid of it, and
+changes its hiding place every once in a while so that it cannot learn
+the way out. When he dies it will be buried with him. Otherwise, it
+will come out of its cave, like a blazing star, to search for his
+grave, night after night for seven years, when, if still not able to
+find him, it will go back to sleep forever where he has placed it.</p>
+<p class="par">Whoever owns the Ulunsuti is sure of success in hunting,
+love, rain-making and every other business, but its great use is in
+life prophecy. When it is consulted for this purpose the future is seen
+mirrored in the clear crystal as a tree is reflected in the quiet
+stream below, and the conjurer knows whether the sick man will recover,
+whether the warrior will return from the battle, or whether the youth
+will live to be old.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH EIGHTEEN.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>Agan-uni-tsi&rsquo;s Search for the
+Uktena.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">In one of their battles with the Showano, who are
+all magicians, the Cherokee captured a great medicine-man, whose name
+was Agan-uni-tsi, &ldquo;The Ground-Hog&rsquo;s Mother.&rdquo; They had
+tied him ready for the torture when he begged for his life, and
+engaged, if they spared him, to find for them the great wonder-worker,
+the Ulunsuti. Now, the Ulunsuti is like a blazing star set in the
+forehead of the great Uktena serpent, and the medicine-man who could
+possess it might do marvelous things, but everyone knew that this could
+not be, because it was certain death to meet the Uktena. They warned
+him of all this, but he only answered that his medicine was
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb157" href="#pb157" name=
+"pb157">157</a>]</span>strong and that he was not afraid. So they gave
+him his life on that condition and he began the search.</p>
+<p class="par">The Uktena used to lie in wait in lonely places to
+surprise its victims, and especially haunted the dark passes of the
+Great Smoky Mountains. Knowing this, the magician went first to a gap
+in the range on the far northern border of the Cherokee country. He
+searched there and found a monster blacksnake, larger than had ever
+been known before, but it was not what he was looking for, and he
+laughed at it as something too small for notice.</p>
+<p class="par">Coming southward to the next gap he found there a
+moccasin snake, the largest ever seen, but when the people wondered he
+said it was nothing. In the next gap he found a green snake and called
+the people to see it, (the pretty salikwaya), but when they found an
+immense greensnake coiled up in the path they ran away in fear.</p>
+<p class="par">Coming on to Utawa-gun-ti, the Bald mountain, he found
+there a great diyahali (lizard) basking, but, although it was large and
+terrible to look at, it was not what he was looking for and he paid no
+attention to it. Going still further south to Walasi-yi, the Frog
+place, he found a great frog squatting in the gap but when the people
+who came to see it were frightened like the others and ran away from
+the monster he mocked at them for being afraid of a frog and went on to
+the next gap.</p>
+<p class="par">He went on to Duni-skwa-lgun-yi, the Gap of the Forked
+Antler, and to the enchanted lake of Atagahi, and at each he found
+monstrous reptiles, but he said they were nothing.</p>
+<p class="par">He thought that the Uktena might be hiding in the deep
+water at Tlanusiyi, the Leech place, on Hiwassee, where other strange
+things had been seen before, and going there he dived far down under
+the surface. He <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb158" href="#pb158"
+name="pb158">158</a>]</span>saw turtles and water snakes, and two
+immense sun-perches rushed at him and retreated again, but that was
+all.</p>
+<p class="par">Other places he tried, going always southward, and at
+last on Gahuti mountain he found the Uktena asleep.</p>
+<p class="par">Turning without noise, he ran swiftly down the
+mountainside as far as he could go with one long breath, nearly to the
+bottom of the slope. Then he stopped and piled up a lot of pine-cones,
+and inside of it he dug a deep trench. Then he set fire to the cones
+and came back again up the mountain.</p>
+<p class="par">The Uktena was still asleep, and, putting an arrow to
+his bow, <span class="corr" id="xd23e6776" title=
+"Source: Agan-unitsi">Agan-uni-tsi</span> shot and sent the arrow
+through its heart, which was under the seventh spot from the
+serpent&rsquo;s head.</p>
+<p class="par">The great snake raised his head, with the diamond in
+front flashing fire, and came straight at his enemy, but the magician,
+turning quickly, ran at full speed down the mountain, cleared the
+circle of fire and the trench at one bound, and lay down on the ground
+inside. The Uktena tried to follow, but the arrow was thru his heart,
+and in another moment he rolled over in his death struggle, spitting
+poison over all the mountainside. The poison drops could not pass the
+circle of fire, but only hissed and sputtered in the blaze, and the
+magician on the inside was untouched except by one small drop which
+struck upon his head as he lay close to the ground; but he did not know
+it. The blood, too, as poisonous as the froth, poured from the
+Uktena&rsquo;s wound and down the slope in a stream, but it ran into
+the trench and left him unharmed.</p>
+<p class="par">The dying monster rolled over and over down the
+mountain, breaking down large trees in its path until it reached the
+bottom. Then Agan-uni-tsi called every bird <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb159" href="#pb159" name="pb159">159</a>]</span>in
+all the woods to come to the feast, and so many came that when they
+were done not even the bones were left. After seven days he went by
+night to the spot.</p>
+<p class="par">The body and the bones of the snake were gone, all eaten
+by the birds, but he saw a bright light shining in the darkness, and
+going over to it he found, resting on a low-hanging branch, where a
+raven had dropped it<span class="corr" id="xd23e6788" title=
+"Source: .">,</span> the diamond from the head of Uktena. He wrapped it
+up carefully and took it with him, and from that time he became the
+greatest medicine-man in the whole tribe.</p>
+<p class="par">When he came down again to the settlement the people
+noticed a small snake hanging from his head where the single drop of
+poison from the Uktena had struck him; but so long as he lived he
+himself never knew that it was there.</p>
+<p class="par">Where the blood of the Uktena had filled the trench a
+lake formed afterwards, and the water was black and in this water the
+women used to dye the cane splits for their baskets.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH NINETEEN.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Red Man and the Uktena.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">Two brothers went hunting together, and when they
+came to a good camping place in the mountains they made a fire, and
+while one gathered bark to put up a shelter, the other started up the
+creek to look for a deer. Soon he heard a noise on the top of the ridge
+as if two animals were fighting. He hurried thru the brush to see what
+it might be, and when he came to the spot he found a great Uktena
+coiled around a man and choking <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb160"
+href="#pb160" name="pb160">160</a>]</span>him to death. The man was
+fighting for his life, and called out to the hunter, &ldquo;Help me,
+nephew; he is your enemy as well as mine.&rdquo; The hunter took good
+aim, and, drawing the arrow to the head, sent it thru the body of the
+Uktena, so that the blood spouted from the hole. The snake loosed its
+coils with a snapping noise, and went tumbling down the ridge into the
+valley, tearing up the earth like a water-spout as it rolled.</p>
+<p class="par">The stranger stood up, and it was the Asgaya Gigagei,
+the Red Man of the Lightning. He said to the hunter: &ldquo;You have
+helped me, and now I will reward you, and give you a medicine so that
+you can always find game.&rdquo; They waited until it was dark, and
+then went down the ridge to where the dead Uktena had rolled, but by
+this time the birds and the insects had eaten the body and only the
+bones were left.</p>
+<p class="par">In one place were flashes of light coming up from the
+ground, and on digging here, just under the surface, the Red Man found
+a scale of the Uktena. Next he went over to the tree that had been
+struck by lightning, and gathering a handful of splinters he made a
+fire and burned the scale of the Uktena to a coal. He wrapped this in a
+piece of deerskin and gave it to the hunter, saying: &ldquo;As long as
+you keep this you can always kill game.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Then he told the hunter that when he went back to camp
+he must hang up the medicine on a tree outside, because it was very
+strong and dangerous. He told him also that when he went into the cabin
+he would find his brother lying inside nearly dead on account of the
+presence of the Uktena scale, but he must take a small piece of cane,
+which the Red Man gave him, and scrape a little of it into water and
+give it to his brother to drink, and he would be well again.</p>
+<p class="par">Then the Red Man was gone, and the hunter could not
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb161" href="#pb161" name=
+"pb161">161</a>]</span>see where he went. He returned to camp alone,
+and found his brother very sick, but soon cured him with the medicine
+from the cane, and that day and the next, and every day after, he found
+game whenever he went for it.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Hunter and the Uksuhi.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">A man living down in Georgia came to visit some
+relatives at Hickory-log. He was a great hunter, and after resting for
+some days, got ready to go into the mountains. His friends warned him
+not to go toward the north, as in that direction, near a certain large
+uprooted tree, there lived a dangerous monster Uksuhi snake.</p>
+<p class="par">It kept constant watch, and whenever it could spring
+upon an unwary hunter it would coil about him and crush out his life in
+its folds, and then drag the dead body down the mountainside into a
+deep hole in Hiwassee river. He listened quietly to the warning, but
+all they said only made him the more anxious to see such a monster, so,
+without saying anything of his intentions, he left the settlement and
+took his way directly up the mountain toward the north.</p>
+<p class="par">Soon he came to the fallen tree and climbed upon the
+trunk, and there, sure enough, on the other side was the great Uksuhi
+stretched out in the grass, with its head raised, but looking the other
+way.</p>
+<p class="par">It was as large as a common trunk of a tree, and at the
+sight of this terrible monster the hunter became so much frightened
+that he made haste to get down <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb162"
+href="#pb162" name="pb162">162</a>]</span>from the log and started to
+run; but the great snake had heard him approach, and the noise as he
+started to make his escape, whereupon it turned quickly and pursued
+him.</p>
+<p class="par">Up the ridge the hunter ran, the snake close behind him,
+then down the other side toward the river, but with all his running the
+Uksuhi gained rapidly, and just as he reached the low ground it caught
+up with him and wrapped around him, pinning one arm down by his side,
+but leaving the other free. Now, it gave him a terrible squeeze that
+almost broke his ribs, and then began to drag him along toward the
+water. With his free hand the hunter began to clutch at the bushes as
+they passed, but the snake turned his head and blew its sickening
+breath into his face, until he had to let go his hold.</p>
+<p class="par">Again and again this happened, and all the time they
+were getting nearer and nearer to a deep hole in the river, when,
+almost at the last moment, a lucky thought came into the hunter&rsquo;s
+mind. He was sweating all over from his run across the mountain, and
+suddenly remembered to have heard that snakes cannot bear the smell of
+perspiration. Putting his free hand into his bosom he worked it around
+under his armpit until it was covered with perspiration. Then
+withdrawing it, he grasped at a bush until the snake turned its head,
+when he quickly slapped his sweaty hand on its nose. The Uksuhi gave
+one gasp almost as if it had been wounded, loosened its coil, and
+glided swiftly away thru the bushes, leaving the hunter, bruised but
+not disabled, to make his way home to the Hickory-log. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb163" href="#pb163" name="pb163">163</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-ONE.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Ustutli.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">There was once a great serpent, called the
+Ustutli, that made its haunt upon Cohutta mountain. It was called the
+Ustutli or &ldquo;foot&rdquo; snake, because it did not glide like
+other snakes, but had feet at each end of its body, and moved by
+strides or jerks, like a great measuring worm.</p>
+<p class="par">These feet were three-cornered and flat and could hold
+to the ground like suckers. It had no legs, but would raise itself up
+on its hind feet, with its snaky head high in the air until it found a
+good place to take a fresh hold; then it would bend down and grip its
+front feet to the ground while it drew its body up from behind.</p>
+<p class="par">It could cross rivers and deep ravines by throwing its
+head across, and getting a grip with its front feet, and then swing its
+body over. Wherever its footprints were found there was danger.</p>
+<p class="par">It used to bleat like a young fawn, and when the hunter
+heard a fawn bleat in the woods he never looked for it, but hurried
+away in the other direction. Up the mountain or down, nothing could
+escape the Ustutli&rsquo;s pursuit, but along the side of the ridge it
+could not go, because the great weight of its swinging head broke its
+hold on the ground when it moved sideways.</p>
+<p class="par">It came to pass after awhile that not a hunter about
+Cohutta would venture near the mountain for dread of the Ustutli.</p>
+<p class="par">At last a man from one of the northern settlements came
+down to visit some relatives in that neighborhood. When he arrived they
+made a feast for him, but only had <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb164"
+href="#pb164" name="pb164">164</a>]</span>corn and beans, and excused
+themselves for having no meat because the hunters were afraid to go
+into the mountains. He asked the reason, and when they told him he said
+he would go himself tomorrow and either bring in a deer or find the
+Ustutli. They tried to dissuade him from it, but as he insisted upon
+going they warned him that if a fawn bleated in the thicket he must run
+at once and if the snake came after him he must not try to run down the
+mountain, but along the side of the ridge.</p>
+<p class="par">In the morning he started out, and went directly to the
+mountain. Working his way thru the bushes at the base, he suddenly
+heard a fawn bleat in front. He guessed at once that it was the
+Ustutli, but he had made up his mind to see it, so he did not turn
+back, but went straight forward, and there, sure enough, was the
+monster, with its great head in the air, as high as the pine branches,
+looking in every direction to discover a deer, or maybe a man, for
+breakfast. It saw him and came at him at once, moving in jerky strides,
+every one the length of a tree trunk, holding its scaly head high above
+the bushes and bleating as it came. The hunter was so badly frightened
+that he lost his wits entirely and started to run directly up the
+mountain.</p>
+<p class="par">The great snake came after him, gaining half its length
+on him every time it took a fresh grip with its fore feet, and would
+have caught the hunter before he reached the top of the ridge, but that
+he suddenly remembered the warning and changed his course to run along
+the side of the mountain. At once the snake began to lose ground, for
+every time it raised itself up the weight of its body threw it out of a
+straight line and made it fall a little lower down the side of the
+ridge. It tried to recover itself, but now the hunter gained and kept
+on until <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb165" href="#pb165" name=
+"pb165">165</a>]</span>he turned the end of the ridge and left the
+snake out of sight. Then he cautiously climbed to the top and looked
+over and saw the Ustutli still slowly working its way toward the
+summit.</p>
+<p class="par">He went down to the base of the mountain, opened his
+fire pouch, and set fire to the grass and leaves. Soon the fire ran all
+around the mountain and began to climb upward.</p>
+<p class="par">When the great serpent smelled the smoke and saw the
+flames coming, it forgot all about the hunter and turned to make all
+speed for a high cliff near the summit. It reached the rock and got
+upon it, but the fire followed and caught the dead pines about the base
+of the cliff until the heat made the Ustutli&rsquo;s scales crack.</p>
+<p class="par">Taking a close grip of the rock with its hind feet, it
+raised its body and put forth all its strength in an effort to spring
+across the wall of fire that surrounded it, but the smoke choked it and
+its hold loosened and it fell among the blazing pine trunks and
+<span class="corr" id="xd23e6869" title="Source: law">lay</span> there
+until it was burned to ashes.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-TWO.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Uwtsunta.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">At Nundayeli, the wildest spot in Nantahala river,
+(in what is now Macon County, North Carolina), where the overhanging
+cliff is highest and the river far below, there lived in the old time a
+great snake called the Uwtsunta (or bouncer), because it moved by jerks
+like a measuring worm, with only one part of its body on the ground at
+a time. It stayed generally on the east side, where <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb166" href="#pb166" name="pb166">166</a>]</span>the
+sun came first in the morning, and used to cross by reaching over from
+the highest point of the cliff until it could get a grip on the other
+side, when it would pull over the rest of its body.</p>
+<p class="par">It was so immense that when it was thus stretched
+across, its shadow darkened the whole valley below.</p>
+<p class="par">For a long time the people did not know it was there,
+but when at last they found out that such a monster inhabited the
+country, they were afraid to live in the valley, so that it was
+deserted long before the Indians were removed from the country.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-THREE.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Snake Boy.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">There was a boy who used to go bird hunting every
+day, and all the birds he brought home to give to his grandmother, who
+was very fond of him. This made the rest of the family jealous, and
+they treated him in such fashion that at last one day he told his
+grandmother he would leave them all, but that she must not grieve for
+him.</p>
+<p class="par">Next morning he refused to eat any breakfast, but went
+off hungry to the woods and was gone all day. In the evening he
+returned, bringing with him a pair of deer horns, and went directly to
+the hothouse (Asi), where his grandmother was waiting for him. He told
+the old woman that he must be alone that night, so she got up and went
+into the house where the others were.</p>
+<p class="par">At early daybreak she came again to the hothouse and
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb167" href="#pb167" name=
+"pb167">167</a>]</span>looked in, and there she saw an immense Uktena
+that filled the Asi, with horns on its head, but still with two human
+legs instead of a snake&rsquo;s tail.</p>
+<p class="par">It was all that was left of her boy. He spoke to her and
+told her to leave him, and she went away again from the door. When the
+sun was well up, the Uktena began slowly to crawl out, but it was full
+noon before it was all out of the Asi. It made a terrible hissing noise
+as it came out, and all the people ran from it.</p>
+<p class="par">It crawled on thru the settlement, leaving a broad trail
+in the ground behind it, until it came to a deep bend in the river,
+where it plunged in and went under the water.</p>
+<p class="par">The grandmother grieved much for the boy, until the
+others of the family got angry and told her that she thought so much of
+him that she ought to go and stay with him. So she left them and went
+along the trail made by the Uktena to the river and walked directly
+into the water and disappeared. Once after that a man fishing near the
+place saw her sitting on a large rock in the river, looking just as she
+had always looked, but as soon as she caught sight of him she jumped
+into the water and was gone.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-FOUR.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Snake Man.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">Two hunters, both for some reason under a tabu
+against the meat of a squirrel or turkey, had gone into the woods
+together. When evening came, they found a good camping place and
+lighted a fire to prepare their <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb168"
+href="#pb168" name="pb168">168</a>]</span>supper. One of them had
+killed several squirrels during the day, and now got ready to broil
+them over the fire.</p>
+<p class="par">His companion warned him that if he broke the tabu and
+ate squirrel meat he would become a snake, but the other laughed and
+said that was only a conjurer&rsquo;s story. He went on with the
+preparation, and when the squirrels were roasted made his supper of
+them and then lay down by the fire to sleep.</p>
+<p class="par">Late that night his companion was aroused by groaning,
+and on looking around he found the other lying on the ground rolling
+and twisting in agony, and with the lower part of his body already
+changed to the body and tail of a large watersnake. The man was still
+able to speak and call loudly for help, but his companion could do
+nothing, but only sit by and try to comfort him while he watched the
+arms sink into his body and the skin take on a scaly change that
+mounted gradually toward the neck, until at last even the head was a
+serpent&rsquo;s head and the great snake crawled away from the fire and
+down the bank into the river, and was never seen again.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-FIVE.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Rattlesnake&rsquo;s Revenge.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">One day in the olden times, when we could still
+talk with other creatures, while some children were playing about the
+house, their mother inside heard them scream. Running outside she found
+that a rattlesnake had crawled from the grass, and taking up a stick
+she killed it. The father was out hunting in the mountains, and that
+evening when coming home after dark thru the gap, he heard <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb169" href="#pb169" name="pb169">169</a>]</span>a
+strange wailing sound. Looking about he found that he had come into the
+midst of a whole company of rattlesnakes, all of which had their mouths
+open and seemed to be crying. He asked them the reason of their
+trouble, and they told him that his own wife had that day killed their
+chief, the Yellow Rattlesnake, and they were just now about to send the
+Black Rattlesnake to take revenge.</p>
+<p class="par">The hunter said he was very sorry, but they told him
+that if he spoke the truth that he must be ready to make satisfaction
+and give his wife as a sacrifice for the life of their chief. Not
+knowing what might happen otherwise, he consented. They then told him
+that the Black Rattlesnake would go home with him and coil up just
+outside the door in the dark. He must go inside, where he would find
+his wife awaiting him, and ask her to get him a fresh drink of water
+from the spring. That was all. He went home and knew that the Black
+Rattlesnake was following. It was night when he arrived and very dark,
+but he found his wife waiting with his supper ready. He sat down and
+asked for a drink of water. She handed him a gourd full from the jar,
+but he said he wanted it fresh from the spring, so she took a bowl and
+went out of the door. The next moment he heard a cry, and going out he
+found that the Black Rattlesnake had bitten her and that she was
+already dying.</p>
+<p class="par">He stayed with her until she was dead, when the Black
+Rattlesnake came out from the grass again and said his tribe was now
+satisfied.</p>
+<p class="par">He then taught the hunter a prayer song, and
+said<span class="corr" id="xd23e6936" title="Source: .">,</span>
+&ldquo;When you meet any of us hereafter sing this song and we will not
+hurt you; but if by accident one of us should bite one of your tribe,
+then sing this song over him and he will recover.&rdquo; And the
+Cherokee have kept this song and sing it until this day. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb170" href="#pb170" name="pb170">170</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-SIX.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Nest of the Tlanuwas<span class="corr" id=
+"xd23e6947" title="Not in source">.</span></i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">On the north bank of Little Tennessee river, in a
+bend below the mouth of Citico creek, in Blount County, Tennessee, is a
+high cliff hanging over the water, and about half way up the face of
+the rock is a cave with two openings. The rock projects outward above
+the cave, so that the mouth cannot be seen from above, and it seems
+impossible to reach the cave either from above or below.</p>
+<p class="par">There are white streaks in the rock from the cave down
+to the water. The Cherokee call it Tlanuwai (the place of the Great
+Mythic Hawk).</p>
+<p class="par">In the old time, away back soon after the creation, a
+pair of Tlanuwas had their nest in this cave. They were immense birds,
+larger than any that live now, and very strong and savage.</p>
+<p class="par">They were forever flying up and down the river, and used
+to come into the settlements and carry off dogs and even young children
+playing near the houses. No one could reach the nest to kill them, and
+when the people tried to shoot them the arrows only glanced off and
+were seized and carried away in the talons of the Tlanuwas.</p>
+<p class="par">At last the people went to a great medicine man, who
+promised to help them. Some were afraid that if he failed to kill the
+Tlanuwas they would take revenge on the people, but the medicine man
+said he could fix that. He made a long rope of linn bark, just as the
+Cherokee still do, with loops in it for his feet, and had the people
+let him down from the top of the cliff at a time when he knew that the
+old birds were away.</p>
+<p class="par">When he came opposite the mouth of the cave he still
+could not reach it, because the rocks above hung over, <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb171" href="#pb171" name="pb171">171</a>]</span>so
+he swung himself backward and forward several times until the rope
+swung near enough for him to pull himself into the cave with a hooked
+stick that he carried, which he managed to fasten in some bushes
+growing at the entrance.</p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e6964width" id="p171-1"><img src=
+"images/p171-1.jpg" alt="A Cherokee Indian Ball Team." width="644"
+height="485">
+<p class="figureHead">A Cherokee Indian Ball Team.</p>
+<p class="par first">At Cherokee, N. C.</p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e6971width" id="p171-2"><img src=
+"images/p171-2.jpg" alt="The Pools, Chimney Rock." width="645" height=
+"481">
+<p class="figureHead">The Pools, Chimney Rock.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Still the stream flows fresh forever,</p>
+<p class="line">Never resting, night or day.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par">In the nest he found four young ones, and on the floor
+of the cave were the bones of all sorts of animals and children that
+had been carried there by the hawks. He pulled the young ones out of
+the nest and threw them over the cliff into the deep water below, where
+a great Uktena serpent that lived there finished them.</p>
+<p class="par">Just then he saw the two old ones coming, and had hardly
+time to climb up again to the top of the rock before they reached the
+nest.</p>
+<p class="par">When they found the nest empty they were furious, and
+circled round and round in the air until they saw the snake put its
+head from the water. Then they darted straight downward, and while one
+seized the snake in his talons and flew far up in the sky with it, his
+mate struck at it and bit off piece after piece until nothing was left.
+They were so high up that when the pieces fell they made holes in the
+rocks, which are still to be seen there, at the place which we call,
+&ldquo;Where the Tlanuwa cut it up,&rdquo; opposite the mouth of
+Citico. Then the two hawks circled up and up until they went out of
+sight, and they have never been seen any more. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb172" href="#pb172" name="pb172">172</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-SEVEN.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Hunter and the Tlanuwa.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">A hunter out in the woods one day saw a Tlanuwa
+overhead and tried to hide from it, but the great bird had already seen
+him, and, sweeping down, struck its claws into his hunting pack, and
+carried him far up into the air. As it flew, the Tlanuwa, which was a
+mother-bird, spoke and told the hunter that he need not be afraid, as
+she would not hurt him, but only wanted him to stay awhile with her
+young ones to guard them until they were old enough to leave the
+nest.</p>
+<p class="par">At last they alighted at the mouth of a cave in the face
+of a steep cliff. Inside, the water was dripping from the roof, and at
+the farther end was a nest of sticks in which were two young birds.</p>
+<p class="par">The old Tlanuwa set the hunter down and then flew away,
+returning soon with a fresh-killed deer, which it tore to pieces,
+giving the first piece to the hunter and then feeding the two young
+hawks.</p>
+<p class="par">The hunter stayed in the cave for many days until the
+young birds were nearly grown, and every day the old mother bird would
+fly away from the nest and return in the evening with a deer or a bear,
+of which she always gave the first piece to the hunter. He grew very
+anxious to see his home again, but the Tlanuwa kept telling him not to
+be uneasy, but to wait a little while longer. At last he made up his
+mind to escape from the cave and finally studied out the plan.</p>
+<p class="par">The next morning, after the great hawk had gone, he
+dragged one of the young birds to the mouth of the cave and tied
+himself to one of its legs with a strap from his hunting pack. Then
+with the flat side of the <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb173" href=
+"#pb173" name="pb173">173</a>]</span>tomahawk he struck it several
+times on the head until it was dazed and helpless, then pushed the bird
+and himself together off the shelf of rock into the air. They fell far,
+far down toward the earth, but the air from below held up the
+bird&rsquo;s wings, so that it was almost as if they were flying. As
+the Tlanuwa revived it tried to fly upward toward the nest, but the
+hunter struck it again with his hatchet until it was dazed and dropped
+again.</p>
+<p class="par">At last they came down in the top of a poplar tree, when
+the hunter cut the strap from the leg of the bird and let it fly away,
+first pulling out a feather from its wing. He climbed down from the
+tree and went home to the settlement, but when he looked in his pack
+for the feather, he found that he only had a stone, for the Great
+Mythic Hawk had power to turn many objects into whatever it
+pleased.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-EIGHT.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>Utlunta, the Spear Finger.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">Long, long ago, there lived in the mountains a
+terrible ogress, a woman monster, whose food was human livers. She
+could take on any shape that she pleased, or that suited her purpose,
+but in her right form she looked very much like an old woman, excepting
+that her whole body was covered with a skin as hard as a rock, that no
+weapon could wound or penetrate, and that on her right hand she had a
+long, stony finger of bone, like an awl or spear-head, with which she
+stabbed everyone to whom she could get near enough. On account of this
+fact she <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb174" href="#pb174" name=
+"pb174">174</a>]</span>was called Utlunta, &ldquo;Spear Finger,&rdquo;
+and on account of her stony skin she was sometimes called Nunyunuwi,
+&ldquo;Stone-dress.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">There was another stone-clothed monster that killed
+people, but that is a different story.</p>
+<p class="par">Spear-finger had such power over stone that she could
+easily lift and carry immense rocks, and could cement them together by
+merely striking one against another. To get over the rough country more
+easily she undertook to build a great bridge through the air from
+Nunyutlugunyi, the &ldquo;Tree Rock,&rdquo; on Hiwassee, over to
+Sanigilagi (Whiteside Mountain, in Jackson County, North Carolina,) on
+the Blue Ridge, and had it well started from the top of &ldquo;Tree
+rock&rdquo; when the lightning struck it and scattered the fragments
+along the whole ridge, where the pieces can still be seen by those who
+go there.</p>
+<p class="par">She used to range all over the mountains about the heads
+of the streams and in the dark passes of Nantahala, always hungry and
+looking for victims. Her favorite haunt on the Tennessee side of the
+Great Smoky Mountains was about the gap on the trail where Chilhowee
+Mountains come down to the river.</p>
+<p class="par">Sometimes the old woman would approach along the trail
+where the children were picking strawberries or playing near the
+village, and would say to them coaxingly, &ldquo;Come, my grand
+children, come to your granny and let granny dress your hair.&rdquo;
+When some little girl ran up and laid her head in the old woman&rsquo;s
+lap to be petted and combed, the old witch would gently run her fingers
+thru the child&rsquo;s hair until it went to sleep, when she would stab
+the little one thru the heart or back of the neck with the long awl
+finger, which she had kept hidden under her robe. Then she would take
+out the <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb175" href="#pb175" name=
+"pb175">175</a>]</span>liver and eat it. She would enter the house by
+taking the appearance of one of the family who happened to have gone
+out for a short time, and would watch her chance to stab some one with
+her long finger and take out his liver. She could stab him without
+being noticed, and often the victim did not even know it himself at the
+time&mdash;for it left no wound and caused no pain&mdash;but went on
+about his own affairs, until all at once he felt weak and began to pine
+away, and was always sure to die, because Spear-finger had taken his
+liver.</p>
+<p class="par">When the Cherokee went out in the fall, according to
+their custom, to burn leaves off from the mountains in order to get the
+chestnuts on the ground, they were never safe, for the old witch was
+always on the lookout, and as soon as she saw the smoke rise she knew
+there were Indians there and she would sneak up and try to surprise one
+alone. So as well as they could they would try to keep together, and
+were very cautious of allowing any stranger to approach the camp. But
+if one went to the spring for a drink, they never knew but it might be
+the liver-eater that came back and sat with them. At last a great
+council was held to devise some means to get rid of the old witch
+before she should destroy everybody. The people came from all around to
+Nikwasi, (mound now near Franklin, N. C.) and after much talking it was
+decided that the best way to secure her demise would be to trap her in
+a pitfall where all the warriors could attack her at once. So they dug
+a deep pitfall across the path and covered it over with earth and grass
+as if the ground had never been disturbed. Then they kindled a large
+fire of brush near the trail and hid themselves in the laurels, because
+they knew that she would come as soon as she saw the smoke.</p>
+<p class="par">Sure enough they soon saw an old woman coming along
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb176" href="#pb176" name=
+"pb176">176</a>]</span>the trail. She looked very much like an old
+woman that they knew in the village, and although several of the wiser
+men wanted to shoot at her, the others interfered, because they did not
+want to hurt one of their own people. The old woman came slowly along
+the trail, with one hand under her blanket, until she stepped upon the
+pitfall and tumbled through the brush top into the deep hole below.
+Then, at once, she showed her true nature, and instead of the old
+feeble woman there was the terrible Utlunta with her stony skin, and
+her sharp awl finger reaching out in every direction for some one to
+stab.</p>
+<p class="par">The hunters rushed out from the thicket and surrounded
+the pit, but shoot as true and as often as they could, the arrows
+struck the stony mail of the witch only to be broken and fall useless
+at her feet, while she taunted them and tried to climb out of the pit
+to get at them. They kept out of her way, but were only wasting their
+arrows when a small bird, Utsugi, the titmous, perched on a tree
+overhead and began to sing, &ldquo;un, un, un.&rdquo; They thought it
+was saying unqhu, heart, meaning that they should aim at the heart of
+the stone witch. They directed their arrows where the heart should be,
+but the arrows only glanced off with the flint heads broken.</p>
+<p class="par">Then they caught the Utsugi and cut off its tongue, so
+that ever since its tongue is short and everybody knows that it is a
+liar.</p>
+<p class="par">When the hunters let it go, it flew straight up into the
+sky until it was out of sight, and it never came back any more, and the
+titmouse that we know now is only an image of the other.</p>
+<p class="par">They kept up the fight without result until another
+bird, little Tsikilili, the chickadee, flew down from a <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb177" href="#pb177" name="pb177">177</a>]</span>tree
+and alighted upon the witch&rsquo;s right hand. The warriors took this
+as a sign that they must aim there, and they were right, for her heart
+was on the inside of her hand, which she kept doubled up into a fist,
+this same awl-hand with which she had stabbed so many people. Now she
+was frightened in earnest, and began to rush furiously at them with her
+long awl finger, and to jump about in the pit to dodge the arrows,
+until at last an arrow struck her just where the awl finger joined her
+wrist and she fell down dead. Ever since then the Tsikilili is known as
+a truth-teller, and when a man is away on a journey, if this bird comes
+and perches near the house and chirps its song, his friends know that
+he will soon reach his home in safety, and his friends will greet him
+upon his arrival.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH TWENTY-NINE.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>Nunyunuwi<span class="corr" id="xd23e7055" title=
+"Source: .">,</span> the Stone Man.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">This is what the old men used to tell us when we
+were boys. Once when all the people of the settlement were out in the
+mountains on a great hunt, one man who had gone ahead climbed to the
+top of a high ridge and found a large river on the other side.</p>
+<p class="par">While he was looking across he saw an old man walking
+about on the opposite ridge, with a cane that seemed to be made of some
+bright, shining rock. The hunter watched and saw that every little
+while the old man would point his cane in a certain direction, then
+draw it <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb178" href="#pb178" name=
+"pb178">178</a>]</span>back and smell the end of it. At last he pointed
+it in the direction of the hunter&rsquo;s camp on the other side of the
+mountain, and this time when he drew back the staff he sniffed it
+several times as if it smelled very good, and then started along the
+ridge straight for the camp. He moved very slowly, with the help of the
+cane, until he reached the end of the ridge, when he threw the cane out
+into the air and it became a bridge of shining rock stretching across
+the river.</p>
+<p class="par">After he had crossed over upon the bridge it became a
+cane again and the old man picked it up and started over the mountain
+toward the camp. The hunter was frightened, and felt sure that it meant
+mischief, so he hurried on down the mountain and took the shortest
+trail back to the camp to get there before the old man. When he got
+there and told his story the medicine-man said the old man was a wicked
+cannibal monster called Nunyunuwi, &ldquo;Dressed in Stone,&rdquo; who
+lived in the Nantahala mountains, and was always going about thru the
+forest looking for some hunter that he might kill and eat him.</p>
+<p class="par">It was very hard to escape from him, because his cane
+guided him as a dog, and it was nearly as hard to kill him, for his
+body was entirely covered with a skin of solid rock. If he came he
+would kill and eat them all, and there was only one way to save their
+lives.</p>
+<p class="par">He could not bear to look upon a woman, and if they
+could bring to the path seven married women, that the sight of them
+would kill him, and they would rid themselves of him. So they ran
+swiftly and brought quickly as many women as they could find, and
+placed them <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb179" href="#pb179" name=
+"pb179">179</a>]</span>along the trail, and when the old man came, he
+saw one woman standing near the trail and the very sight of her made
+him sick and he cried out, &ldquo;Yu, my grandchild, I hate the sight
+of woman!&rdquo; He hurried past her and in a moment he saw the second
+woman standing as he had seen the other, and he cried out again,
+&ldquo;Yu! my child; I hate the tribe of women, and he hurried past
+her, and he continued along the trail until he came to the seventh, and
+by this time he had become so much enraged that he fell down almost
+dead. Then the medicine-man drove seven sourwood switches through his
+body and pinned him to the ground, and when night came they piled great
+logs over him and set fire to them, and all the people gathered around
+to see. Nunyunuwi was a great adawehi and knew many secrets, and now as
+the fire came close to him he began to talk, and told them the medicine
+for all kinds of sickness. At midnight he began to sing, and sang the
+hunting songs for calling up the bear and deer and all the animals of
+the woods and mountains.</p>
+<p class="par">As the blaze grew hotter his voice sank lower and lower,
+until at last when the daylight came, the logs were a heap of white
+ashes and the voice was still. Then the medicine-man told them to rake
+off the ashes, and where the body had lain they found only a large lump
+of wadi paint and a magic Ulunsuti stone. He kept the stone for
+himself, and calling the people around him he painted them on the face
+and breast with the red wadi, and whatever each person prayed for while
+the painting was being done, whether for hunting success, for working
+skill, or for long life&mdash;that gift was his. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb180" href="#pb180" name="pb180">180</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Hunter and Dakwa.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">In the old days there was a great fish called the
+Dakwa, which lived in the Tennessee river where Toco creek comes in at
+Dakwai, the &ldquo;Dakwa place,&rdquo; above the mouth of Tellico, and
+which was so large that it could easily swallow a man. Once a canoe
+filled with warriors was crossing over from the town on the other side
+of the river, when the Dakwa suddenly rose up under the boat and threw
+them all into the air. As they came down it swallowed one with a single
+snap of its jaws and dived with him to the bottom of the river.</p>
+<p class="par">As soon as the hunter came to his senses he found that
+he had not been hurt, but it was so hot and close inside the Dakwa that
+he was nearly smothered. As he groped around in the dark his hand
+struck a lot of mussel shells which the fish had swallowed, and taking
+one of these for a knife he began to cut his way out, until soon the
+fish grew uneasy at the scraping inside his stomach and came up to the
+top of the water for air. He kept on cutting until the fish was in such
+pain that it swam this way and that across the stream and thrashed the
+water into foam with its tail. Finally the hole was so large that he
+could look out, and found that the fish was resting in shallow water
+near the shore. The Dakwa soon became so sick from the wound that it
+vomited the hunter out of its mouth, and he with the others made their
+escape to Tellico, but the juices in the stomach of the fish made the
+hair fall from the head of the hunter so that he was bald ever after
+that. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb181" href="#pb181" name=
+"pb181">181</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-ONE.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>Atagahi, The Enchanted Lake.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">(This is the scene of the myth upon which the
+story of Occoneechee is founded.)</p>
+<p class="par">Westward from the headwaters of Oconaluftee river, in
+the wildest depths of the Great Smoky Mountains, which form the line
+between North Carolina and Tennessee, is the enchanted lake of Atagahi,
+&ldquo;Gall place.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Although all of the Cherokee know that it is there, no
+one has ever seen it, for the way is so difficult that only the animals
+know how to reach it. Should a stray hunter come near the place he
+would know of it by the whirring sound of the wings of thousands of
+wild ducks and pigeons flying about the lake, but on reaching the spot
+he would find only a dry flat, without bird or animal or blade of
+grass, unless he had first sharpened his spiritual vision by prayer and
+fasting and an all-night vigil.</p>
+<p class="par">Because the lake is not seen, some people think that the
+lake is dried up long ago, but this is not true. To one that had kept
+watch and fasted all the night it would appear at daybreak as a
+wide-extending, but shallow sheet of pure water, fed by springs
+spouting from the high cliffs around. In the water are all kinds of
+fish and reptiles, and swimming upon the surface or flying overhead are
+great flocks of ducks and pigeons, while all about the shore are bear
+tracks crossing in every direction. It is the medicine lake of the
+birds and animals, and whenever a bear is wounded by the hunter he
+makes his way thru the woods to this lake and plunges into the
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb182" href="#pb182" name=
+"pb182">182</a>]</span>water, and when he comes out upon the other side
+his wounds are healed, and for this reason the animals keep the lake
+invisible to the hunter.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-TWO.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Bride from the South.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">The North went traveling, and after going far and
+meeting many different tribes he finally fell in love with the daughter
+of the South and wanted to marry her. The girl was willing, but her
+parents objected and said, &ldquo;Ever since you came the weather has
+been cold, and if you stay here we will all freeze to death.&rdquo; The
+North pleaded hard, and said if they would let him have their daughter,
+he would take her back to his own country, so at last they
+consented.</p>
+<p class="par">They were married and he took his bride back to his own
+country, and when they arrived there she found the people all living in
+ice houses. The next day, when the sun rose, the houses began to leak,
+and as it climbed higher the houses began to melt, and it grew warmer
+and warmer, until finally the people came to the young husband and told
+him he must send his wife home again, or the weather would get so warm
+that the whole settlement would be melted. He loved his wife and so
+held out as long as he could, but as the sun grew hotter the people
+were more urgent, and at last he had to send her home to her parents,
+but they agreed that she might return once a year for a short season,
+but that she should <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb183" href="#pb183"
+name="pb183">183</a>]</span>never come to live in the North again, for
+as she was reared in the South, that her whole nature was warm and that
+she was unfit to dwell in the North.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-THREE.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Ice Man.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">Once when the people were burning the woods in the
+fall, and the blaze set fire to a poplar tree, which continued to burn
+until the fire went down into the roots and burned a great hole in the
+ground. It burned, and burned, and the hole grew constantly larger,
+until the people became frightened and were afraid that it would burn
+the whole world. They tried to put out the fire, but it had gone too
+deep, and they did not know what to do. At last some one said there was
+a man living in a house of ice far in the north who could put out the
+fire, so messengers were sent, and after traveling a long distance they
+came to the ice house and found the Ice Man at home. He was a little
+fellow with long hair hanging down to the ground in two plaits. The
+messengers told him their errand and he at once said, &ldquo;O yes, I
+can help you,&rdquo; and began to unplait his hair.</p>
+<p class="par">When it was once all unbraided he took it up in one hand
+and struck it once across the other hand, and the messengers felt the
+wind blow against their cheeks. A second time he struck his hair across
+his hand, and a light rain began to fall. The third time he struck his
+hair across his open hand there was sleet mixed with <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb184" href="#pb184" name="pb184">184</a>]</span>the
+rain drops, and when he struck the fourth time great hailstones fell
+upon the ground, as if they had come out from the ends of the hair.
+&ldquo;Go back now,&rdquo; said the Ice Man, &ldquo;and I shall be
+there tomorrow.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">So the messengers returned to their people, whom they
+found still gathered helplessly about the great burning pit. The next
+day while they were all gathered about the fire, there came a wind from
+the north, and they were afraid, for they knew that it came from the
+Ice Man. But the wind only made the fire blaze higher. The light rain
+began to fall, but the drops seemed only to make the fire hotter. Then
+the shower turned to a heavy rain, with sleet and hail that killed the
+blaze and made clouds of smoke and steam rise from the red coals. The
+people fled to their homes for shelter, and the storm rose to a
+whirlwind that drove the rain into every burning crevice and piled
+great hailstones over the embers, until the fire was dead and even the
+smoke ceased. When at last it was all over, and the people returned,
+they found a lake where the burning pit had been, and from below the
+water came a sound as of embers still crackling.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-FOUR.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Hunter and Selu.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">A hunter had been tramping over the mountains all
+day long without finding any game, and when the sun went down, he built
+a fire in a hollow stump, swallowed a few mouthfuls of corn gruel and
+lay down to sleep, tired out and completely discouraged. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb185" href="#pb185" name="pb185">185</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">About the middle of the night he dreamed and seemed to
+hear the sound of beautiful singing, which continued until near
+daybreak, and then appeared to die away in the upper air.</p>
+<p class="par">All the next day he hunted, with the same poor success,
+and at night made his lonely camp in the woods. He slept, and the same
+strange dream came again, but so vividly that it seemed to him like an
+actual happening. Rousing himself before daylight, he still heard the
+same song, and feeling sure now that it was real, he went in the
+direction of the sound and found that it came from a single green stalk
+of corn (selu).</p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e7142width" id="p185-1"><img src=
+"images/p185-1.jpg" alt="French Broad River." width="647" height="486">
+<p class="figureHead">French Broad River.</p>
+<p class="par first">Tahkeyostee, in the Mellow Indian Tongue.</p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e7149width" id="p185-2"><img src=
+"images/p185-2.jpg" alt="Broad River." width="650" height="485">
+<p class="figureHead">Broad River.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Sparkling, gleaming in the sunlight,</p>
+<p class="line">Bursts the water, pure and free.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par">The plant spoke to him, and told him to cut off some of
+its roots and take them to his home in the settlement, and the next
+morning to chew them and &ldquo;go to water&rdquo; before anyone else
+was awake, and then to go out again into the woods, and he would kill
+many deer, and from that time on would always be successful in the
+hunt.</p>
+<p class="par">The corn plant continued to talk, teaching him hunting
+secrets and telling him to be always generous with the game he took,
+until it was noon and the sun was high, when it suddenly took the form
+of a woman and rose gracefully into the air and was gone from sight,
+leaving the hunter alone in the woods. He returned home and told his
+story, and all the people knew that he had seen Selu, the wife of
+Kanati. He did as the spirit had directed, and from that time was noted
+as the most successful of all the hunters in the settlement.
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb186" href="#pb186" name=
+"pb186">186</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-FIVE.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Nunnehi and Other Spirit Folks.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">The Nunnehi or Immortals, the &ldquo;People who
+live everywhere,&rdquo; were a race of spirit people who lived in the
+highlands of the old Cherokee country and had a great many town-houses,
+and especially on the tops of the bald mountains, the high peaks where
+no timber grows.</p>
+<p class="par">They had large town-houses on Pilot Knob, and in
+Nik-Wasi mound, in what is now Macon County, North Carolina, and
+another in Blood Mountain, and at the head of Nottely river in Georgia.
+They were invisible excepting when they wanted to be seen, and they
+looked and spoke just like other Indians. They were very fond of music
+and dancing, and hunters in the mountains would often hear the dance
+songs and the drum-beating in some invisible town-house, but when they
+went toward the sound it would shift about and they would hear it
+behind them or away in some other direction, so that they could never
+find the place where the dance was.</p>
+<p class="par">They were a friendly people, too, and often brought lost
+wanderers to their town-houses under the mountains, and cared for them
+there until they were rested, and guided them back to their homes.
+There was a man who lived in Nottely town who had been with the
+Nunnehi, when he was a boy about twelve years old, and this is the
+story he tells.</p>
+<p class="par">One day, when he was playing near the river, shooting at
+a mark with his bow and arrows, until he became tired, and started to
+build a fish-trap in the water<span class="corr" id="xd23e7181" title=
+"Not in source">.</span> While he was piling up the rocks in two long
+walls, a man came and stood on the bank and asked him what he was
+doing. The man said, &ldquo;Well, that is pretty hard <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb187" href="#pb187" name=
+"pb187">187</a>]</span>work, and you ought to come and rest awhile;
+come and take a walk up the river.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">The boy said, &ldquo;No&rdquo;; that he was going home
+to dinner soon. &ldquo;Come right up to my house,&rdquo; said the
+stranger, &ldquo;and I&rsquo;ll give you a good dinner there, and will
+bring you home again in the morning.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">So the boy went with him up the river until they came to
+a house, when they went in, and the man&rsquo;s wife and the other
+people there were very glad to see him, and gave him a fine dinner, and
+were very kind to him.</p>
+<p class="par">While they were eating, another boy that the boy knew
+very well came in and spoke to him, so that he felt very much at
+home.</p>
+<p class="par">After dinner he played with the other children, and
+slept there that night, and in the morning, after breakfast, the man
+got ready to take him home. They went down a path that had a cornfield
+on one side and a peach orchard on the other, until they came to
+another trail, and the man said, &ldquo;Go along this trail across that
+ridge and you will come to the river road that will bring you straight
+to your home, and now I&rsquo;ll go back to the house.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">So the man went back to the house, and the boy went on
+along the trail, but when he had gone a little distance he looked back,
+and there was no cornfield or orchard or fence or house; nothing but
+trees on the mountainside. He thought it rather queer, but somehow he
+was not frightened, and went on until he came to the river trail in
+sight of his house. There were a great many people standing about
+talking, and when they saw him they ran toward him shouting,
+&ldquo;Here he is! He is not drowned or killed in the mountains!&rdquo;
+They told him that they had been hunting him ever since yesterday noon,
+and asked him where he had been. He told them the story of what had
+happened, and they said there is <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb188"
+href="#pb188" name="pb188">188</a>]</span>no house there, and it was
+the Nunnehi that had you with them.</p>
+<p class="par">Once four Nunnehi women came to dance at Nottely town,
+and danced half of the night with the young men there, and nobody knew
+that they were Nunnehi, but thought them visitors from another
+settlement. About midnight they left to go home, and some men who had
+come out from the town-house to cool off watched to see which way they
+went. They saw the women go down the trail to the river ford, but just
+as they came to the water they disappeared, although it was a plain
+trail, with no place where they could hide. Then the watchers knew that
+they were Nunnehi. At another time a man was crossing over from Nottely
+to Hemptown, in Georgia, and heard a drum and the songs of dancers in
+the hills on one side of the trail. He rode to see who could be dancing
+in such a place, but when he reached the spot the drum and the songs
+were behind him, and he was so frightened that he hurried back to the
+trail and rode all the way to Hemptown as hard as he could to tell the
+story. He was a truthful man and they believed him.</p>
+<p class="par">A long time ago a man got lost in the mountains near the
+head of Oconaluftee river, and it was very cold and his friends thought
+that he must be frozen to death, but he was taken to a cave by the
+Nunnehi and given something to eat, and when the weather was more
+pleasant they conducted him to the main trail and sent him on home to
+the neighbors in the valley below. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb189"
+href="#pb189" name="pb189">189</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-FIVE.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Removed Town-house.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">Long ago, before the Cherokee were driven from
+their homes in 1838, the people on Valley river and Hiwassee heard
+voices of invisible spirits calling them from the skies, and warning
+them of wars and misfortunes which the future held in store, and
+inviting them to come and live with the Nunnehi, the Immortals, in
+their homes under the mountains and under the waters. For days the
+voice hung in the air, and the people listened until they heard the
+voice say, &ldquo;If you would live with us, gather every one in your
+town-house and fast there seven days, and no one must raise a shout or
+a warwhoop in all that time. Do this and we will come and you shall see
+us and we shall take you to live with us.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">The people were afraid of the evils that were to come,
+and they knew that the Immortals of the mountains and of the waters
+were happy forever, so they counciled in their town-house and decided
+to go with them. Those of Anisgayayitown came all together into their
+town-house and prayed and fasted for six days. On the seventh day there
+was a sound from the distant mountains, and it came nearer and grew
+louder until a roar of thunder was all about the town-house and they
+felt the ground shake all around them. Now they were frightened, and
+despite the warning some of them screamed out.</p>
+<p class="par">The Nunnehi, who had already lifted up the town-house
+with its mound to carry it away, were startled by the sound and let a
+part of it fall to the ground, where we now see the mound Setsi.</p>
+<p class="par">They steadied themselves again and bore the rest of the
+town-house, with all the people in it, to the top of <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb190" href="#pb190" name=
+"pb190">190</a>]</span>Tsudayelunyi, near the head of Cheowa, where we
+can still see it, changed long ago to solid rock, but the people are
+invisible and immortal.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-SIX.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>The Spirit Defenders of Nikwasi.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">Long ago a powerful unknown tribe invaded the
+country from the southeast, killing people and destroying settlements
+wherever they went. No leader could stand against them, and in a little
+while they had wasted all the lower settlements and advanced into the
+mountains. The warriors of the old town of Nikwasi, on the head of
+Little Tennessee, gathered their wives and their children into the
+town-house and kept scouts constantly on the lookout for the presence
+of danger.</p>
+<p class="par">One morning, just before the break of day, the spies saw
+the enemy approaching and at once gave the alarm. The Nikwasi men
+seized their arms and rushed out to meet the attack, but after a long,
+hard fight they found themselves overpowered and began to retreat, when
+suddenly a stranger stood among them and shouted to the chief to call
+off his men and he himself would drive the enemy back. From the dress
+and the language of the stranger the Nikwasi people thought him a chief
+who had come with reinforcements from Overhill settlements in
+Tennessee. They fell back along the trail, and as they came near the
+town-house they saw a great company of warriors coming out from the
+side of the mound as from an open doorway. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb191" href="#pb191" name="pb191">191</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Then they knew that their friends were the Nunnehi, the
+Immortals, although no one had ever heard that they lived under Nikwasi
+mound. The Nunnehi poured out by hundreds, armed and painted for the
+fight, and the most curious part of it all was that they became
+invisible as soon as they were fairly outside of the settlement, so
+that although the enemy saw the glancing arrow or the rushing tomahawk,
+and felt the stroke, he could not see who sent it.</p>
+<p class="par">Before such an invisible foe the invaders had to
+retreat, going first south along the ridge to where joins the main
+ridge, which separates Tah-kee-os-tee (French Broad) from the
+Tuckaseigee, and then turning with it to the northeast. As they
+retreated they tried to shield themselves behind rocks and trees, but
+the Nunnehi arrows went around them and killed them from the other
+side, and they could find no hiding place.</p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e7237width" id="p191-1"><img src=
+"images/p191-1.jpg" alt="From the Toxaway." width="645" height="481">
+<p class="figureHead">From the Toxaway.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Lies the famous vale of flowers,</p>
+<p class="line">Splendid valley of pink beds.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e7251width" id="p191-2"><img src=
+"images/p191-2.jpg" alt="Chimney Top Gap." width="649" height="489">
+<p class="figureHead">Chimney Top Gap.</p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par">All along the ridge they fell, until when they reached
+the head of Tuckaseigee not more than half a dozen were left alive, and
+in their despair they sat down and cried out for mercy. The Nunnehi
+chief told them that they deserved their punishment for attacking a
+peaceful tribe, and he spared their lives and told them to go home and
+tell their people. It was the custom of the Indians to spare some to
+carry the news of battle and defeat. Then the Nunnehi went back to the
+mound, and have been there ever since.</p>
+<p class="par">They are there now, for when a strong army of Federal
+troops came to surprise a handful of Confederates in the last war, they
+saw so many soldiers guarding the town that they were afraid and went
+away without making an attack. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb192"
+href="#pb192" name="pb192">192</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-SEVEN.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>Kanasta, the Lost Settlement.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">Long ago, while the people still lived in the old
+town of Kanasta, on <span class="corr" id="xd23e7268" title=
+"Source: Toh-kee-os-tee">Tah-kee-os-tee</span>, (French Broad) two
+strangers, who looked in no way different from the other Cherokee, came
+into the settlement one day and made their way into the chief&rsquo;s
+house.</p>
+<p class="par">After the first greetings were over, the chief asked
+them from what town they came, thinking they were from one of the
+western settlements, but they said, &ldquo;We are of your people and
+our town is close at hand, but you have never seen it. Here you have
+wars and sickness, with enemies on every side, and after awhile a
+stronger enemy will come and take your country from you. We are always
+happy, and we have come to invite you to live with us in our town over
+there,&rdquo; and they pointed toward Tsuwatelda (Pilot Knob).
+<span class="corr" id="xd23e7273" title=
+"Not in source">&ldquo;</span>We do not live forever, and do not always
+find game when we go for it, for game belongs to Tsulkalu, who lives in
+Tsunegunyi, but we have peace always and do not think of danger. We go
+now, but if your people will live with us, let them fast seven days and
+we will come then and take them.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Then they went away toward the west. The chief called
+the people together into the town-house, and they held a council over
+the matter and decided at last to go with the strangers. They got all
+of their property ready for moving, and then went again into the
+town-house and began their fast. They fasted six days and on the
+morning of the seventh, before yet the sun was high, they saw a great
+company coming along the trail from the west, led by the two men who
+had stopped <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb193" href="#pb193" name=
+"pb193">193</a>]</span>with the chief. They seemed just like Cherokee
+from another settlement, and after a friendly meeting they took up a
+part of the goods to be carried, and the two parties started back
+together for Tsuwatelda.</p>
+<p class="par">There was one man visiting at Kanasta, and he went along
+with them. When they came to the mountain the two guides led the way
+into a cave, which opened out like a great door in the side of the
+rock. Inside they found an open country and a town, with houses ranged
+in two long rows from east to west. The mountain people lived in the
+houses on the south side, and they had made ready the other houses for
+the newcomers, but even after the people of Kanasta, with their
+children and their belongings, had moved in, there were still a large
+number of houses waiting ready for the next who might come. The
+mountain people told them that there was another town of a different
+people, above them in another mountain, and still farther above, at the
+very top, lived the Ani-Hyuntikwalaski (the Thunders).</p>
+<p class="par">Now all the people of Kanasta were settled in their new
+homes, but the man who had only been visiting with them wanted to go
+back to his own friends. Some of the mountain people wanted to prevent
+this, but the chief said, &ldquo;No, let him go if he will, and when he
+tells his friends they may want to come, too. There is plenty of room
+for all.&rdquo; Then he said to the man, &ldquo;Go back and tell your
+friends that if they want to come and live with us and always be happy,
+there is a place here ready and waiting for them. Others of us live in
+Datsunalasgunyi and in the high mountains all around, and if they would
+rather go to any of them, it will be all the same. We see you wherever
+you go, and are with you in all of your dances, but you cannot see us
+unless you fast. If you want to see us, fast four days, and we will
+come <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb194" href="#pb194" name=
+"pb194">194</a>]</span>and talk with you; and then if you want to live
+with us, fast again seven days, and we will come and take you.&rdquo;
+Then the chief led the man through the cave to the outside of the
+mountain and left him there, but when the man looked back he saw no
+cave, but only the solid rock. The people of the Lost Settlement were
+never seen again and they are still living in Tauwatelda. Strange
+things happen there, so that the Cherokee know that the mountain is
+haunted and do not like to go near it. Only a few years ago a party of
+hunters camped there, and as they sat around their fire at supper time
+they talked of the story and made rough jokes of the people of old
+Kanasta. That night they were aroused from sleep by a noise as of
+stones thrown at them from among the trees, but when they searched they
+could find nobody, and were so frightened that they gathered up their
+guns and pouches and left the place.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h3 class="label">MYTH THIRTY-EIGHT.</h3>
+<h3 class="main"><i>Hemp-Carrier.</i></h3>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">On the southern slope of the ridge, along the
+trail from Robbinsville to Valley river, in Cherokee County, North
+Carolina, are the remains of a number of stone cairns. The piles are
+level now, but fifty years ago the stones were still heaped up in
+pyramids, to which every Cherokee who passed added a stone. According
+to the tradition these piles marked the graves of a number of women and
+children of the tribe who were surprised and killed on the spot by a
+raiding party of Iroquois shortly before <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb195" href="#pb195" name="pb195">195</a>]</span>the final peace
+between the two nations. As soon as the news was brought to the
+settlement on Hiwassee and Cheowa, a party was made under
+Taletanigiski, &ldquo;Hemp-Carrier,&rdquo; to follow and take vengeance
+on the enemy.</p>
+<p class="par">Among others of the party was the father of the noted
+chief, Tsunulahunski, or Junaluska, who (Junaluska) died in about the
+year 1855, who was also the chief and hero of the battle of Horseshoe
+Bend. For days they followed the trail of the Iroquois across the Great
+Smoky Mountains, thru forests and over rivers, until finally they
+tracked them to their very town in the far Seneca country.</p>
+<p class="par">On the way they met another war party headed for the
+south, and the Cherokee killed them all and took their scalps.</p>
+<p class="par">When they came near the Seneca town it was almost night,
+and they heard shouts in the town-house, where the women were dancing
+over the fresh scalps of the Cherokee. The avengers hid themselves near
+the spring, and as the dancers came down to drink, the Cherokee
+silently killed one and another until they had counted as many scalps
+as had been taken on Cheowa, and still the dancers in the town-house
+never thought that enemies were near. Then said the Cherokee leader,
+&ldquo;We have covered the scalps of our women and children. Shall we
+go home now like cowards, or shall we raise the warwhoop and let the
+Seneca know that we are men?&rdquo; &ldquo;Let them come if they
+will,&rdquo; said the men, and they raised the scalp yell of the
+Cherokees.</p>
+<p class="par">At once there was an answering shout from the
+town-house, and the dance came to a sudden close. The Seneca swarmed
+out with ready gun and hatchet, but the nimble Cherokee were off and
+away. There was a hot pursuit in the darkness, but the Cherokee knew
+the trails <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb196" href="#pb196" name=
+"pb196">196</a>]</span>and were light and active runners, and managed
+to get away with the loss of only one man. The rest got home safely,
+and the people were so well pleased with Hemp-Carrier&rsquo;s bravery
+and success that they gave him seven wives. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb197" href="#pb197" name="pb197">197</a>]</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="pt4" class="div0 part">
+<h2 class="label">PART IV</h2>
+<h2 class="main">GLOSSARY OF CHEROKEE WORDS</h2>
+<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb199" href="#pb199" name=
+"pb199">199</a>]</span></p>
+<div class="div1 glossary"><span class="pagenum">[<a href=
+"#toc">Contents</a>]</span>
+<div class="divHead">
+<h2 class="main">GLOSSARY OF CHEROKEE WORDS.</h2>
+</div>
+<div class="divBody">
+<p class="par first">The Cherokee language has the continental vowel
+sounds a, e, i, and u, but lacks o, which is replaced by a deep a. The
+obscure or short u is frequently nasalized, but the nasal sound is
+seldom heard at the end of a word. The only labial is m, which occurs
+in probably not more than half a dozen words in the Upper and Middle
+dialects, and is entirely absent from the Lower dialect, in which w
+takes its place. The characteristic l of the Upper and Middle dialects
+becomes r in the Lower, but no dialect has both sounds of these
+letters, but g and d are medials, approximating the sounds of k and t
+respectively. A frequent double consonant is ts, commonly rendered ch
+by the old traders.</p>
+<div class="table">
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft cellTop">a</td>
+<td class="cellRight cellTop">as in far.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">&#259;</td>
+<td class="cellRight">as in what, or obscure as in showman.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">&agrave;</td>
+<td class="cellRight">as in law, all.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">d</td>
+<td class="cellRight">medial (semisonant), approximating t.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">e</td>
+<td class="cellRight">as in they.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">&#277;</td>
+<td class="cellRight">as in net.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">g</td>
+<td class="cellRight">medial (semisonant), approximating k.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">h</td>
+<td class="cellRight">as in hat.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">i</td>
+<td class="cellRight">as in pique.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">&#301;</td>
+<td class="cellRight">as in pick.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">k</td>
+<td class="cellRight">as in kick.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">l</td>
+<td class="cellRight">as in lull.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">&#699;l</td>
+<td class="cellRight">surd l (sometimes written hl), nearly the Welsh
+ll.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">m</td>
+<td class="cellRight">as in man.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">n</td>
+<td class="cellRight">as in not.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">r</td>
+<td class="cellRight">takes place of 1 in Lower dialect.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">s</td>
+<td class="cellRight">as in sin.<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb200"
+href="#pb200" name="pb200">200</a>]</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">t</td>
+<td class="cellRight">as in top.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">u</td>
+<td class="cellRight">as in rule.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft"><span class="corr" id="xd23e7418" title=
+"Source: u">&ucirc;</span></td>
+<td class="cellRight">as in cut.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">&ucirc;&ntilde;</td>
+<td class="cellRight">&ucirc; nasalized.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">w</td>
+<td class="cellRight">as in wit.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft">y</td>
+<td class="cellRight">as in you.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft cellBottom">&prime;</td>
+<td class="cellRight cellBottom">a slight aspirate, sometimes
+indicating the omission of a vowel.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par">A number of English words, with cross references, have
+been introduced into the glossary.</p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e7448width" id="p197"><img src="images/p197.jpg"
+alt="Chimney Rock." width="464" height="720">
+<p class="figureHead">Chimney Rock.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Like a monolith it rises</p>
+<p class="line">To a grand majestic height.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par">ada&#699;lanun&#699;sti&mdash;a staff or cane.</p>
+<p class="par">adan&#699;ta&mdash;soul.</p>
+<p class="par">ada&#699;wehi&mdash;a magician or supernatural
+being.</p>
+<p class="par">ada&#699;wehi&#699;yu&mdash;a very great magician;
+intensive form of ada&#699;wehi.</p>
+<p class="par">a&#699;gana&mdash;groundhog.</p>
+<p class="par">
+A&#699;gansta&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;groundhog-sausage,&rdquo; from
+a&#699;gana, ground-hog, and tsista&#699;u, &ldquo;I am pounding
+it,&rdquo; understood to refer to pounding meat, etc., in a mortar,
+after having first crisped it before the fire. A war chief, noted in
+the Cherokee war of 1760, and prominent until about the close of the
+Revolution, known to the whites as Oconostota. Also the Cherokee name
+for Colonel Gideon Morgan of the war of 1812, for Washington Morgan,
+his son, of the Civil war, and now for a full-blood upon the
+reservation, known to the whites as Morgan Calhoun.</p>
+<p class="par">A&#699;gan-uni&#699;tsi&mdash;&ldquo;Ground-hog&rsquo;s
+mother,&rdquo; from a&#699;gana and uni&#699;tsi, their mother, plural
+of utsi&#699;, his mother (etsi&#699;, agitsi&#699;, my mother). The
+Cherokee name of the Shawano captive, who, according to tradition,
+killed the great Uktena serpent and procured the Ulunsu&#699;ti.
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb201" href="#pb201" name=
+"pb201">201</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Agawe&#699;la&mdash;&ldquo;Old Woman,&rdquo; a
+formulistic name for corn or the spirit corn.</p>
+<p class="par">agayun&#699;li&mdash;for agayunlige, old, ancient.</p>
+<p class="par">agida&#699;ta&mdash;see eda&#699;ta.</p>
+<p class="par">agidutu&mdash;see edu&#699;tu.</p>
+<p class="par">Agi&prime;li&mdash;&ldquo;He is rising,&rdquo; possibly
+a contraction of an old personal name. Agin&#699;-agi&prime;li,
+&ldquo;Rising-fawn.&rdquo; Major George Lawrey, cousin of Sequoya, and
+assistant chief of the Cherokee Nation about 1840. Stanley incorrectly
+makes it &ldquo;Keeth-la, or Dog&rdquo; for gi&prime;li&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">agin&#699;si&mdash;see eni&#699;si.</p>
+<p class="par">agi&#699;si&mdash;female, applied usually to
+quadrupeds.</p>
+<p class="par">Agis&#699;-e&#699;gwa&mdash;&ldquo;Great Female,&rdquo;
+possibly &ldquo;Great Doe.&rdquo; A being, probably an animal god
+invoked in the sacred formulas.</p>
+<p class="par">agitsi&#699;&mdash;see etsi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Agitsta&prime;ti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where they stayed
+up all night,&rdquo; from tsigitsun&#699;tihu, &ldquo;I stay up all
+night.&rdquo; A place in the Great Smoky range about the head of Noland
+creek, in Swain County, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Aguaquiri&mdash;see Guaquili.</p>
+<p class="par">Ahalu&#699;na&mdash;&ldquo;Ambush,&rdquo;
+Ahalunun&#699;yi, &ldquo;Ambush place,&rdquo; or Uni&#699;halu&#699;na,
+&ldquo;where they ambushed,&rdquo; from akalu&#699;ga, &ldquo;I am
+watching.&rdquo; Soco gap, at the head of Soco creek, on the line
+between Swain and Haywood counties, N. C. The name is also applied to
+the lookout station for deer hunters.</p>
+<p class="par">ahanu&#699;lahi&mdash;&ldquo;he is bearded,&rdquo; from
+ahanu&#699;lahu, a beard.</p>
+<p class="par">Ahu&#699;lude&#699;gi&mdash;&ldquo;He throws away the
+drum&rdquo; (habitual), from ahu&#699;li, drum, and akwade&#699;gu,
+&ldquo;I am throwing it away&rdquo; (round object). The Cherokee name
+of John Jolly, a noted chief and adopted father of Samuel Houston,
+about 1800. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb202" href="#pb202" name=
+"pb202">202</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">ahyeli&#699;ski&mdash;a mocker or mimic.</p>
+<p class="par">akta&#699;&mdash;eye; plural, dikta&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">akta&#699;ti&mdash;a telescope or field glass. The name
+denotes something with which to examine or look into closely, from
+akta&#699;, eye.</p>
+<p class="par"><span class="corr" id="xd23e7514" title=
+"Source: akwandu&rsquo;li">akwandu&#699;li</span>&mdash;a song form for
+akwidu&#699;li (-hu,) &ldquo;I want it.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Akwan&prime;ki&mdash;see Anakwan&#699;ki.</p>
+<p class="par">Akwe&prime;ti&#699;yi&mdash;a location on Tuckasegee
+river, in Jackson county, North Carolina; the meaning of the name is
+lost.</p>
+<p class="par">Alarka&mdash;see Yalagi.</p>
+<p class="par">aliga&#699;&mdash;the red-horse fish (<i lang=
+"la">Moxostoma</i>).</p>
+<p class="par">Alkini&#699;&mdash;the last woman known to be of Natchez
+decent and peculiarity among the East Cherokee; died about 1890. The
+name has no apparent meaning.</p>
+<p class="par">ama&#699;&mdash;water; in the Lower dialect, awa&#699;;
+cf. a&#699;ma salt.</p>
+<p class="par">amaye&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;dwelling in the water,&rdquo;
+from ama&#699; (ama&#699;yi, &ldquo;in the water&rdquo;) and ehu&#699;,
+&ldquo;I dwell,&rdquo; &ldquo;I live.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Amaye&prime;l-e&#699;gwa&mdash;&ldquo;Great
+island,&rdquo; from amaye&prime;li, island (from ama&#699;, water, and
+aye&prime;li, &ldquo;in the middle&rdquo;) and e&#699;gwa, great. A
+former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river, at Big island, a
+short distance below the mouth of Tellico, in Monroe county, Tenn.
+Timberlake writes it Mialaquo, while Bartram spells it Nilaque. Not to
+be confounded with Long-Island town below Chattanooga.</p>
+<p class="par">
+Amaye&prime;li-gunahi&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;Long-island,&rdquo; from
+amaye&prime;li, island, and gunahi&#699;ta, long. A former Cherokee
+settlement, known to the whites as Long-Island town, at the Long-island
+in Tennessee river, on the Tennessee-Georgia line. It was one of the
+Chickamauga towns (see Tsikama&#699;gi). <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb203" href="#pb203" name="pb203">203</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">ama&#699;yine&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;dwellers in the
+water,&rdquo; plural of amaye&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Anada&#699;duntaski&mdash;&ldquo;roasters,&rdquo; i. e.,
+cannibals; from gun&#699;tasku&#699;. &ldquo;I am putting it (round)
+into the fire to roast.&rdquo; The regular word for cannibals is
+Yun&#699;wini&#699;giski, q. v.</p>
+<p class="par">anagahun&#699;unsku&#699;&mdash;the green-corn dance;
+literally, &ldquo;they are having a green-corn dance&rdquo;; the
+popular name is not a translation of the Cherokee word, which has no
+reference either to corn or dancing.</p>
+<p class="par">Anakwan&prime;ki&mdash;the Delaware Indians; singular
+Akwan&prime;ki, a Cherokee attempt at Wapanaqki,
+&ldquo;Easterners,&rdquo; the Algonquian name by which, in various
+corrupted forms, the Delawares are commonly known to the western
+tribes.</p>
+<p class="par">Anantooeah&mdash;see Ani&#699;Nun&#699;dawe&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">a&prime;ne&#699;tsa, or <span class="corr" id=
+"xd23e7552" title=
+"Source: a&prime;netsa&#699;gi">anetsa&#699;gi</span>&mdash;the
+ball-play.</p>
+<p class="par">a&prime;netsa&#699;unski&mdash;a ball-player; literally,
+&ldquo;a lover of the ball-play.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">ani&#699;&mdash;a tribal and animate prefix.</p>
+<p class="par">ani&#699;da&#699;wehi&mdash;plural of ada&#699;wehi.</p>
+<p class="par">a&#699;niganti&#699;ski&mdash;see dagan&prime;tu.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;Gatage&#699;wi&mdash;one of the seven Cherokee
+clans. The name has now no meaning, but has been absurdly rendered
+&ldquo;Blind savana,&rdquo; from an incorrect idea that it is derived
+from Iga&#699;ti, a swamp or savanna, and dige&#699;wi, blind.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani-Gila&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Long-haired people,&rdquo;
+one of the seven Cherokee clans; singular, Agila&#699;hi. The word
+comes from agila&#699;hi (perhaps connected with afi&prime;lge-ni,
+&ldquo;the back of (his) neck&rdquo;), an archaic term denoting wearing
+the hair long or flowing loosely, and usually recognized as applying
+more particularly to a woman. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb204"
+href="#pb204" name="pb204">204</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Gili&#699;&mdash;a problematic tribe, possibly
+the Congaree. The name is not connected with gi&#699;li&#699;, dog.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Gusa&mdash;see Ani&#699;Ku&#699;sa.</p>
+<p class="par">a&#699;nigwa&mdash;soon after; dine&#699;tlana
+a&#699;nigwa, &ldquo;soon after the creation.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Hyun&#699;tikwala&#699;ski&mdash;&ldquo;The
+Thunders,&rdquo; i. e., thunder, which in Cherokee belief, is
+controlled and caused by a family of supernaturals. The word has
+reference to making a rolling sound; cf. tikwale&#699;lu, a wheel,
+hence a wagon; ama&#699;-tikwalelunyi, &ldquo;rolling water
+place,&rdquo; applied to a cascade where the water falls along the
+surface of the rock; ahyun&#699;tikwala&#699;stihu&#699;, &ldquo;it is
+thundering,&rdquo; applied to the roar of a railroad train or
+waterfall.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Kawi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Deer people,&rdquo;
+one of the seven Cherokee clans; the regular form for deer is
+a&prime;wi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Kawi&#699;ta&mdash;the Lower Creeks, from
+Kawi&#699;ta or Coweta, their former principal town on Chattahoochee
+river near the present Columbus, Ga.; the Upper Creeks on the head
+streams of Alabama river were distinguished as Ani&#699;-Ku&#699;sa (q.
+v.) A small creek of Little Tennessee river above Franklin, in Macon
+county, N. C., is now known as Coweeta creek.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Kitu&#699;hwagi&mdash;&ldquo;Kitu&#699;hwa
+people,&rdquo; from Kitu&#699;hwa (q. v.), an ancient Cherokee
+settlement.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Ku&#699;sa or Ani&#699;-Gu&#699;sa&mdash;the
+Creek Indians, particularly the Upper Creeks on the waters of Alabama
+river; singular A&#699;Ku&#699;sa or Coosa (Spanish, Coca, Cossa) their
+principal ancient town.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Kuta&#699;ni (also Ani&#699;-Kwata&#699;ni, or
+incorrectly, Nicotani)&mdash;traditional Cherokee priestly society or
+clan exterminated in a popular uprising. <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb205" href="#pb205" name="pb205">205</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">anina&#699;hilidahi&mdash;&ldquo;creatures that fly
+about,&rdquo; from tsinai&#699;li, &ldquo;I am flying,<span class=
+"corr" id="xd23e7591" title="Source: &rsquo;&rdquo;">&rdquo;</span>
+tsina&#699;ilida&#699;hu, &ldquo;I am flying about.&rdquo; The generic
+term for birds and flying insects.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Na&prime;tsi&mdash;abbreviated Anintsi,
+singular A-Na&prime;tsi. The Natchez Indians. From coincidence with
+na&#699;tsi, pine, the name has been incorrectly rendered &ldquo;Pine
+Indians,&rdquo; whereas it is really a Cherokee plural name of the
+Natchez.</p>
+<p class="par">Anin&#699;tsi&mdash;see Ani&#699;Na&prime;tsi.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;Nundawe&#699;gi&mdash;singular,
+Nun&#699;dawe&#699;gi; the Iroquois, more particularly the Seneca, from
+Nundawao, the name by which the Seneca call themselves. Adair spells it
+Anantooeah. The tribe was also known as Ani&#699;-Se&#699;nika.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Saha&#699;ni&mdash;one of the seven Cherokee
+clans; possibly an archaic form for &ldquo;Blue people,&rdquo; from
+sa&prime;ka&#699;ni, sa&#699;ka&#699;nige&#699;i, blue.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Sa&#699;ni, Ani&#699;-Sawaha&#699;ni&mdash;see
+Ani&#699;-Sawanu&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Sawanu&#699;gi (singular
+Sawanu&#699;gi)&mdash;the Shawano Indians. Ani&#699;-sa&#699;ni and
+Ani&#699;-Sawaha&#699;ni may be the same.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Se&#699;nika&mdash;see
+Ani&#699;Nundawe&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Anisga&#699;ya Tsunsdi&#699; (ga)&mdash;&ldquo;The
+Little Men&rdquo;; the Thunder Boys in Cherokee mythology.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-sgayaiyi&mdash;&ldquo;Men town&rdquo; (?), a
+traditional Cherokee settlement on Valley river, in Cherokee county,
+North Carolina.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;sgi&#699;na&mdash;plural of asgi&#699;na, q.
+v.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Skala&#699;li&mdash;the Tuscarora Indian;
+singular, Skala&#699;li or A-Skala&#699;li.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;skwa&#699;ni&mdash;Spaniards; singular,
+Askwa&#699;ni.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Suwa&#699;li&mdash;or
+Ani&#699;-Swqa&#699;la&mdash;the Suala, Sara or Cheraw Indians,
+formerly about the headwaters <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb206"
+href="#pb206" name="pb206">206</a>]</span>of Broad river, North
+Carolina, the Xuala province of the De Soto chronicle, and Joara or
+Juada of the later Pardo narrative.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;ta&#699;gwa&mdash;the Catawba Indians;
+singular, Ata&#699;gwa or Tagwa.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Tsa&#699;guhi&mdash;the Cherokee clan,
+transformed to bears according to tradition. Swimmer&rsquo;s daughter
+bears the name Tsaguhi, which is not recognized as distinctively
+belonging to either sex.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Tsa&#699;lagi&#699;&mdash;the Cherokee.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Tsa&prime;ta&mdash;the Choctaw Indians;
+singular, Tsa&prime;ta.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Tsi&#699;ksu&mdash;the Chickasaw Indians;
+singular, Tsi&#699;ksu.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Tsi&#699;skwa&mdash;&ldquo;Bird people&rdquo;;
+one of the seven Cherokee clans.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Tsu&#699;tsa&mdash;&ldquo;The Boys,&rdquo;
+from atsu&#699;tsa, boy; the Pleiades.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Wa&#699;di&mdash;&ldquo;Paint people&rdquo;;
+one of the seven Cherokee clans.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Wa&prime;dihi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Place of the
+Paint people or clan&rdquo;; Paint town, a Cherokee settlement on lower
+Soco creek, within the reservation in Jackson and Swain counties, North
+Carolina. It takes its name from the Ani&#699;-Wa&#699;di or Paint
+clan.</p>
+<p class="par">ani&#699;wani&#699;ski&mdash;the bugle weed, <i lang=
+"la">Lycopus virginicus</i>; literally, &ldquo;the talk&rdquo; or
+&ldquo;talkers,&rdquo; from tsiwa&#699;nihu, &ldquo;I am
+talking,&rdquo; awaniski, &ldquo;he talks habitually.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Wasa&#699;si&mdash;the Osage Indians;
+singular, Wasa&#699;si.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Wa&#699;ya&mdash;&ldquo;Wolf people&rdquo;;
+the most important of the seven clans of the Cherokee.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Yun&#699;wiya&#699;&mdash;Indians,
+particularly Cherokee Indians; literally &ldquo;principal or real
+people,&rdquo; from yunwi, person, ya, a suffix implying principal or
+real, and ani&#699;, the tribal prefix.</p>
+<p class="par">Ani&#699;-Yu&#699;tsi&mdash;the Yuchi or Uchee Indians;
+singular, Yu&#699;tsi. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb207" href=
+"#pb207" name="pb207">207</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Annie Ax&mdash;see Sadayi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Aquone&mdash;a post-office on Nantahala river, in Mason
+county, North Carolina, site of the former Fort Scott. Probably a
+corruption of egwani, river.</p>
+<p class="par">Arch, John&mdash;see Atsi.</p>
+<p class="par">Asa&#699;gwalihu&#699;&mdash;a pack or burden;
+asa&#699;gwal lu&#699;, or asa&#699;gwi li&#699;, &ldquo;there is a
+pack on him.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">asehi&#699;&mdash;surely.</p>
+<p class="par">Ase&#699;nika&mdash;singular of
+Ani&#699;-Se&#699;nika.</p>
+<p class="par">asga&#699;ya&mdash;man.</p>
+<p class="par">asga&#699;ya Gi&#699;gagei&mdash;the &ldquo;Red
+Man&rdquo;; the Lightning spirit.</p>
+<p class="par">asgi&#699;na&mdash;a ghost, either human or animal; from
+the fact that ghosts are commonly supposed to be malevolent, the name
+is frequently rendered &ldquo;devil.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Asheville&mdash;see Kasdu&#699;yi and
+Unta&#699;kiyasti&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">asi&mdash;the sweat lodge and occasional winter sleeping
+apartment of the Cherokee and other southern tribes. It was a low built
+structure of logs covered with earth and from its closeness and the
+fire usually kept smoldering within was known to the old traders as the
+&ldquo;hot house.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">asiyu&#699; (abbreviated siyu&#699;)&mdash;good; the
+common Cherokee salute; ga&#699;siyu&#699;, &ldquo;I am good&rdquo;;
+hasiyu&#699;, &ldquo;thou art good&rdquo;; a&#699;siyu, &ldquo;he (it)
+is good&rdquo;; astu, &ldquo;very good.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Askwa&#699;ni&mdash;a Spaniard. See
+Ani&#699;skwa&#699;ni.</p>
+<p class="par">astu&#699;&mdash;very good; astu tsiki&#699;, very good,
+best of all.</p>
+<p class="par">Astu&#699;gata&#699;ga&mdash;A Cherokee lieutenant in
+the Confederate service killed in 1862. The name may be rendered,
+&ldquo;Standing in the doorway,&rdquo; but implies that the man himself
+is the door or shutter; it has no first person; gata&#699;ga, &ldquo;he
+is standing&rdquo;; stuti, a door or shutter; stuhu, a closed door or
+passage; stugi&#699;sti, a key, i. e., something with which to open the
+door. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb208" href="#pb208" name=
+"pb208">208</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">asun&#699;tli, asuntlun&#699;yu&mdash;a footlog or
+bridge; literally, &ldquo;log lying across,&rdquo; from asi&#699;ta,
+log.</p>
+<p class="par">ata&#699;&mdash;wood; ata&#699;ya, &ldquo;principal
+wood,&rdquo; i. e., oak; cf. Muscogee iti, wood.</p>
+<p class="par">Ata&#699;-gul kalu&#699;&mdash;a noted Cherokee chief,
+recognized by the British government as the head chief or
+&ldquo;emperor&rdquo; of the Nation, about 1760 and later, and commonly
+known to the whites as the Little Carpenter (Little Cornplanter, by
+mistake, in Haywood). The name is frequently spelled Atta-kulla-kulla,
+Ata-kullakulla or Ata-culculla. It may be rendered &ldquo;Leaning
+wood,&rdquo; from ata&#699;, &ldquo;Wood&rdquo; and gul kalu, a verb
+implying that something long is leaning, without sufficient support,
+against some other object; it has no first person form. Bartram
+describes him as &ldquo;A man of remarkably small stature, slender and
+of a delicate frame, the only instance I saw in the Nation; but he is a
+man of superior abilities.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Ata&#699;gwa&mdash;a Catawba Indian.</p>
+<p class="par">Atahi&#699;ta&mdash;abbreviated from Atahitun&#699;yi,
+&ldquo;Place where they shouted,&rdquo; from gata&#699;hiu&#699;,
+&ldquo;I shout,&rdquo; and yi, locative. Waya gap, on the ridge west of
+Franklin, Macon county, North Carolina. The map name is probably from
+the Cherokee wa ya, wolf.</p>
+<p class="par">Ata-Kullakulla&mdash;see Ata&#699;-gul kalu&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">a&#699;tali&mdash;mountain; in the Lower dialect
+a&#699;tari, whence the &ldquo;Ottare&rdquo; or Upper Cherokee of
+Adair. The form a&#699;tali is used only in composition; and mountain
+in situ is atalunyi or gatu&#699;si.</p>
+<p class="par">a&#699;tali-guli&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;it climbs the
+mountain,&rdquo; i. e., &ldquo;mountain-climber&rdquo;; the ginseng
+plant, <i lang="la">Ginseng quinquefolium</i>; from a&#699;tali,
+mountain, and guli&#699;, &ldquo;it climbs&rdquo; (habitually);
+tsilahi&#699; or tsili&#699;, &ldquo;I am <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb209" href="#pb209" name="pb209">209</a>]</span>climbing.&rdquo; Also
+called in the sacred formulas, Yun&#699;wi Usdi&#699;, &ldquo;Little
+man.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Atala&#699;nuwa&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Tla&#699;nuwa
+hole&rdquo;; the Cherokee name of Chattanooga, Tennessee (see
+tsatanu&#699;gi); originally applied to a bluff on the south side of
+the Tennessee river, at the foot of the present Market street.</p>
+<p class="par">a&#699;talulu&#699;&mdash;unfinished, premature,
+unsuccessful; whence utalu&#699;li, &ldquo;it is not yet
+time.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Ata&#699;lunti&#699;ski&mdash;a chief of the Arkansas
+Cherokee about 1818, who had originally emigrated from Tennessee. The
+name, commonly spelled Tollunteeskee, Taluntiski, Tallotiskee,
+Tallotuskee, etc., denotes one who throws some living object from a
+place, as an enemy from a precipice.</p>
+<p class="par">A&#699;tari&mdash;see a&#699;tali.</p>
+<p class="par">atasi&#699; (or atasa&#699;, in a dialectic
+form)&mdash;a war-club.</p>
+<p class="par">atatsun&#699;ski&mdash;stinging; literally, &ldquo;he
+stings&rdquo; (habitually).</p>
+<p class="par">A&#699;tsi&mdash;the Cherokee name of John Arch, one of
+the earliest native writers in the Sequoya characters. The word is
+simply an attempt at the English name Arch.</p>
+<p class="par">atsi&#699;la&mdash;fire; in the Lower dialect,
+atsi&#699;ra.</p>
+<p class="par">Atsi&#699;la-wa&#699;i&mdash;&ldquo;Fire&mdash;&rdquo;;
+a mountain sometimes known as Rattlesnake knob, about two miles
+northeast of Cherokee, Swain county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">
+Atsil&#699;-dihye&#699;gi&mdash;&ldquo;Fire-Carrier&rdquo;; apparently
+the Cherokee name for the will-of-the-wisp. As is usually the case in
+the Cherokee compounds, the verbal form is plural (&ldquo;it carries
+fire&rdquo;); the singular form is ahye&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Atsil&#699;-sunti (abbreviated
+tsil&#699;-sunti)&mdash;fleabane (<i lang="la">Erigeron canadense</i>);
+the name signifies &ldquo;material with which to make fire,&rdquo; from
+atsi&#699;la, fire, and gasunti, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb210"
+href="#pb210" name="pb210">210</a>]</span>gatsunti or gatlunti<a id=
+"xd23e7738" name="xd23e7738"></a>, material with which to make
+something, from fasun&#699;sku (or gatlun&#699;sku), &ldquo;I make
+it.&rdquo; The plant is also called ihya&#699;ga.</p>
+<p class="par">
+atsil&#699;-tluntu&#699;tsi&mdash;&ldquo;fire-panther.&rdquo; A meteor
+or comet.</p>
+<p class="par">A&#699;tsina&#699;&mdash;cedar.</p>
+<p class="par">A&#699;tsina&#699;-k ta&#699;um&mdash;&ldquo;Hanging
+cedar place&rdquo;; from a&#699;tsina&#699;, cedar, and k ta&#699;un,
+&ldquo;where it (long) hangs down&rdquo;; a Cherokee name for the old
+Taskigi town on the Little Tennessee river in Monroe county, Tenn.</p>
+<p class="par">Atsi&#699;ra&mdash;see atsi&#699;la.</p>
+<p class="par">Atsun&#699;sta ti&#699;yi (abbreviated Atsun&#699;sta
+ti)&mdash;&ldquo;Fire-light place,&rdquo; referring to the
+&ldquo;fire-hunting&rdquo; method of killing deer in the river at
+night. The proper form for Chestatee river, near Dahlonega, in Lumpkin
+county, Ga.</p>
+<p class="par">Attakullakulla&mdash;see Ata-gul kalu&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">awa&#699;&mdash;see ama&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">awa&#699;hili&mdash;eagle; particularly <i lang=
+"la">Aquila Chrysaetus</i>, distinguished as the
+&ldquo;pretty-feathered eagle.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">awi&#699;&mdash;deer; also sometimes written and
+pronounced ahawi&#699;; the name is sometimes applied to the large
+horned beetle, the flying stag of early writers.</p>
+<p class="par">awi&#699;-ahanu&#699;lahi&mdash;goat; literally
+&ldquo;bearded deer.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">awi&#699;-ahyeli&#699;ski&mdash;&ldquo;deer
+mocker&rdquo;; the deer bleat, a sort of whistle used by hunters to
+call the doe by imitating the cry of the fawn.</p>
+<p class="par">awi&#699;-akta&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;deer eye&rdquo;; the
+<i lang="la">Rudbeckia</i> or black-eyed Susan.</p>
+<p class="par">awi&#699;-e&#699;gwa (abbreviated
+aw-e&#699;gwa)&mdash;the elk, literally &ldquo;great deer.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">awi&#699;-unade&#699;na&mdash;sheep; literally
+&ldquo;woolly deer.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Awi&#699;Usdi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Little Deer,&rdquo; the
+mythic chief of the Deer tribe.</p>
+<p class="par">Ax, Annie&mdash;see Sadayi&#699;. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb211" href="#pb211" name="pb211">211</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Ax, John&mdash;see Itagu&#699;nahi.</p>
+<p class="par">awe li&mdash;half, middle, in the middle.</p>
+<p class="par">Ayphwa&#699;si&mdash;the proper form of the name
+commonly written Hiwassee. It signifies a savanna or meadow and was
+applied to two (or more) former Cherokee settlements. The more
+important, commonly distinguished as Ayuhwa&#699;si Egwa&#699;hi or
+Great Hiwassee, was on the north bank of Hiwassee river at the present
+Savannah ford above Columbus, in Polk county, Tenn. The other was
+farther up the same river, at the junction of Peachtree creek, above
+Murphy, in Cherokee county, N. C. Lanman writes it Owassa.</p>
+<p class="par">Ayrate&mdash;see e&#699;ladi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Ays&#699;sta&mdash;&ldquo;The Spoiler,&rdquo; from
+tsiya&#699;stihu, &ldquo;I spoil it&rdquo;; cf. uya&#699;i, bad. A
+prominent woman and informant on the East Cherokee reservation.</p>
+<p class="par">Ayun&#699;ini&mdash;&ldquo;Swimmer&rdquo;; literally,
+&ldquo;he is swimming,&rdquo; from gayunini&#699;, &ldquo;I am
+swimming.&rdquo; A principal priest and informant of the East Cherokee,
+died in 1899.</p>
+<p class="par">Ayulsu&#699;&mdash;see Dayulsun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Beaverdam&mdash;see Uy&prime;gila&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Big-Cove&mdash;see Ka&#699;lanun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Big-Island&mdash;see Amaye&prime;l-e&#699;gwa.</p>
+<p class="par">Big-Witch&mdash;see Tskil-e&#699;gwa.</p>
+<p class="par">Bird-Town&mdash;see Tsiskwa&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Bloody-Fellow&mdash;see Iskagua.</p>
+<p class="par">Blythe&mdash;see Diskwani.</p>
+<p class="par">Black-fox&mdash;see Ina&#699;li.</p>
+<p class="par">Boudinot, Elias&mdash;see Galagi&#699;na.</p>
+<p class="par">Bowl, The; Bowles, Colonel&mdash;see Diwali.</p>
+<p class="par">Brass&mdash;see Untsaiyi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Brasstown&mdash;see Itse&#699;yi. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb212" href="#pb212" name="pb212">212</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Breadth, The&mdash;see Unli&#699;ta.</p>
+<p class="par">Briertown&mdash;see Kanu&#699;gula&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Buffalo (creek)&mdash;see Yunsa&#699;i.</p>
+<p class="par">Bull-Head&mdash;see Sukwale&#699;na.</p>
+<p class="par">Butler, John&mdash;see Tsan&#699;-uga&#699;sita.</p>
+<p class="par">Cade&rsquo;s Cove&mdash;see Tsiya&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Canacaught&mdash;&ldquo;Canacaught, the great
+Conjurer,&rdquo; mentioned as a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; possibly
+kanegwa&#699;ti, the water-moccasin snake.</p>
+<p class="par">Canaly&mdash;see hi&#699;gina&#699;lii.</p>
+<p class="par">Canasagua&mdash;see Gansa&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Cannastion, Cannostee&mdash;see Kana&#699;sta.</p>
+<p class="par">Canuga&mdash;see Kanu&#699;ga.</p>
+<p class="par">Cartoogaja&mdash;see Gatu&#699;gitse&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Cataluchee&mdash;see Gadalu&#699;tsi.</p>
+<p class="par">Cauchi&mdash;a place, apparently in the Cherokee county,
+visited by Pardo in 1567.</p>
+<p class="par">Caunasaita&mdash;given as the name of a Lower Chief in
+1684; possibly for Kanunsi&#699;ta, &ldquo;dogwood.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Chalaque&mdash;see Tsa&#699;lagi.</p>
+<p class="par">Chattanooga&mdash;see Tsatanu&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Chattooga, Chatuga&mdash;see Tsatu&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Cheeowhee&mdash;see Tsiya&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Cheerake&mdash;see Tsa&#699;lagi.</p>
+<p class="par">Cheraw&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Suwa&#699;li.</p>
+<p class="par">Cheowa&mdash;see Tsiya&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Cheowa Maximum&mdash;see Schwate&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Cheraqui&mdash;see Tsa&#699;lagi.</p>
+<p class="par">Cherokee&mdash;see Tsa&#699;lagi.</p>
+<p class="par">Chestatee&mdash;see Atsun&#699;sta ti&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Chestua&mdash;see Tsistu&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Cheucunsene&mdash;see Tsi&#699;kama&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Chilhowee&mdash;see Tsu lun&#699;we. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb213" href="#pb213" name="pb213">213</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Chimney Tops&mdash;see Duni&#699;skwa lgun&#699;i.</p>
+<p class="par">Chisca&mdash;mentioned in the De Soto narratives as a
+mining region in the Cherokee country. The name may have a connection
+with Tsi&#699;skwa, &ldquo;bird,&rdquo; possibly Tsiskwa&#699;hi,
+&ldquo;Bird place.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Choastea&mdash;see Tsistu&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Chopped Oak&mdash;see Digalu&#699;yatun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Choquata&mdash;see Itsa&#699;ti.</p>
+<p class="par">Citico&mdash;see Si&#699;tiku&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Clear-sky&mdash;see Iskagua.</p>
+<p class="par">Clennuse&mdash;see Tlanusi&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Cleveland&mdash;see Tsistetsi&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Coca&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Ku&#699;sa.</p>
+<p class="par">Coco&mdash;see Kuku&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Cohutta&mdash;see Gahu&#699;ti.</p>
+<p class="par">Colanneh, Colona&mdash;see Ka&#699;lanu.</p>
+<p class="par">Conasauga&mdash;see Gansa&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Conneross&mdash;see Kawan&#699;-ura&#699;sunyi.</p>
+<p class="par">Coosawatee&mdash;see Ku&#699;saweti&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Cooweescoowee&mdash;see Gu&#699;wisguwi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Coosa&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Ku&#699;sa, Kusa.</p>
+<p class="par">Corani&mdash;see Ka&#699;lanu.</p>
+<p class="par">Cowee&#699;&mdash;see Kawi&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Coweeta, Coweta&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Kawi&#699;ta.</p>
+<p class="par">Coyatee (variously spelled Cawatie, Coiatee, Coytee,
+Coytoy, Kai-a-tee)&mdash;a former Cherokee settlement on Little
+Tennessee river, some ten miles below the junction of Tellico, about
+the present Coytee post-office in Loudon county, Tennessee.</p>
+<p class="par">Creek-path&mdash;see Ku&#699;sa-nunna&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Crow-town&mdash;see Kagun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Cuhtahlatah&mdash;a Cherokee woman noted in the
+Wahnenauhi manuscript as having distinguished herself by bravery in
+battle. The proper form may <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb214" href=
+"#pb214" name="pb214">214</a>]</span>have some connection with
+gatun&#699;lati, &ldquo;wild hemp.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Cullasagee&mdash;see Kulse&#699;tsi&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Cullowhee, Currahee&mdash;see Gulahi&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Cuttawa&mdash;see Kitu&#699;hwa.</p>
+<p class="par">Dagan tu&mdash;&ldquo;he makes it rain&rdquo;; from
+aga&#699;ska, &ldquo;it is raining,&rdquo; aga&#699;na, &ldquo;it has
+begun to rain&rdquo;; a small variety of lizard whose cry is said to
+presage rain. It is also called a&#699;niganti&#699;ski, &ldquo;they
+make it rain&rdquo; (plural form), or rain-maker.</p>
+<p class="par">dagul ku&mdash;the American white-fronted goose. The
+name may be an onomatope.</p>
+<p class="par">dagu&#699;na&mdash;the fresh-water mussel; also a
+variety of face pimples.</p>
+<p class="par">Dagun&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Mussel place,&rdquo; from
+dagu&#699;na, mussel, and hi, locative. The Mussel shoals on Tennessee
+river, in northwestern Alabama. It was sometimes called also simply Tsu
+stanalun&#699;yi, &ldquo;Shoal&rsquo;s place.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Dagu&#699;nawa&#699;lahi&mdash;&ldquo;Mussel-liver
+place,&rdquo; from dagu&#699;na, mussel, uwe&#699;la, liver, and hi,
+locative; the Cherokee name for the site of Nashville, Tenn. No reason
+can now be given for the name.</p>
+<p class="par">Dahlonega&mdash;A town in Lumpkin county, Ga., near
+which the first gold was mined. A mint was established there in 1838.
+The name is from the Cherokee dala&#699;nige&#699;i, yellow, whence
+ate&#699;la-dala&#699;-nige&#699;i, &ldquo;yellow money,&rdquo; i. e.,
+gold.</p>
+<p class="par">daksawa&#699;ihu&mdash;&ldquo;he is shedding
+tears.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">dakwa&#699;&mdash;a mythic great fish; also the
+whale.</p>
+<p class="par">Dakwa&#699;i&mdash;&ldquo;dakwa place,&rdquo; from a
+tradition of a dakwa&#699; in the river at that point. A former
+Cherokee settlement, known to the traders as Toqua or Toco, on Little
+Tennessee river, about the mouth <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb215"
+href="#pb215" name="pb215">215</a>]</span>of Toco creek in Monroe
+county, Tenn. A similar name and tradition attaches to a spot on the
+French Broad river, about six miles above the Warm springs, in Buncombe
+county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">dakwa&#699;nitlastesti&mdash;&ldquo;I shall have them on
+my legs for garters&rdquo;; from anitla&#699;sti (plural
+dinitla&#699;sti), garter; d-, initial plural; akwa, first person
+particle; and esti, future suffix.</p>
+<p class="par">da&#699;liksta&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;vomiter,&rdquo; from
+dagik&#699;stihu&#699;, &ldquo;I am vomiting,&rdquo; daliksta&#699;,
+&ldquo;he vomits&rdquo; (habitually); the form is plural. The spreading
+adder (<i lang="la">Heterodon</i>), also sometimes called
+kwandaya&#699;hu, a word of uncertain etymology.</p>
+<p class="par"><span class="corr" id="xd23e7973" title=
+"Source: Da">Da&#699;</span> nagasta&mdash;for Da&#699;
+nawa-gasta&#699;ya, &ldquo;Sharp-war,&rdquo; i. e.,
+&ldquo;Eager-warrior;<span class="corr" id="xd23e7976" title=
+"Not in source">&rdquo;</span> a Cherokee woman&rsquo;s name.</p>
+<p class="par">Da&#699; nawa-(a)sa tsun&#699;yi,
+&ldquo;War-ford,&rdquo; from da&#699; nawa, war, and asa tsun&#699;yi,
+&ldquo;a crossing-place or ford.<span class="corr" id="xd23e7981"
+title="Not in source">&rdquo;</span> A ford on Cheowa river about three
+miles below Robbinsville, in Graham county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Danda&#699;ganu&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Two looking at each
+other,&rdquo; from detsi&#699;ganu&#699;, &ldquo;I am looking at
+him.&rdquo; A former Cherokee settlement, commonly known as Lookout
+Mountain town, on Lookout Mountain creek, near the present Trenton,
+Dade county, Ga. One of the Chickamauga towns (see
+Tsi&#699;kama&#699;gi), so-called on account of the appearance of the
+mountains facing each other across the Tennessee river at
+Chattanooga.</p>
+<p class="par">Da&#699;si giya&#699;gi&mdash;an old masculine personal
+name, of doubtful etymology, but commonly rendered by the traders
+&ldquo;Shoe-boots,&rdquo; possibly referring to some peculiar style of
+moccasin or leggin. A chief known to the whites as Shoe-boots is
+mentioned in the Revolutionary records. Chief Lloyd Welch<span class=
+"corr" id="xd23e7988" title="Source: .">,</span> <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb216" href="#pb216" name="pb216">216</a>]</span>of
+the eastern band, was known in the tribe as Da&#699;si giya&#699;gi,
+and the same name is now used by the East Cherokee as the equivalent of
+the name Lloyd.</p>
+<p class="par">Da&#699;skwitun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Rafter&rsquo;s
+Place,&rdquo; from daskwitun&#699;i, rafters, and yi, locative. A
+former settlement on Tusquittee creek, near Hayesville, in Clay county,
+North Carolina.</p>
+<p class="par">dasun&#699;tali&mdash;ant; dasun&#699;tali,
+&ldquo;stinging ant,&rdquo; the large red cowant (<i lang=
+"la">Myrmica?</i>), also called sometimes, on account of its hard
+body-case, nun&#699;yunu&#699;wi, &ldquo;stone-clad,&rdquo; after the
+fabulous monster.</p>
+<p class="par">Datle&#699;yasta&#699;i&mdash;&ldquo;where they fell
+down,&rdquo; a point on Tuckasegee river, a short distance above
+Webster, in Jackson county, North Carolina.</p>
+<p class="par">datsi&mdash;a traditional water-monster.</p>
+<p class="par">Datsi&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Datsi place&rdquo;; a place
+on Little Tennessee river, near junction of Eagle creek, in Swain
+county, North Carolina.</p>
+<p class="par">Datsu&#699;nalagun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where there are
+tracks or footprints,&rdquo; from uta&#699;sinun&#699;yi or
+ulasgun&#699;yi, footprint. Track Rock gap, near Blairsville, Georgia.
+Also sometimes called De&#699;gayelun&#699;ha, &ldquo;place of branded
+marks.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">da&#699;yi&mdash;beaver.</p>
+<p class="par">Dayulsun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;place where they
+cried,&rdquo; a spot on the ridge at the head of Tuckasegee river, in
+Jackson county, North Carolina; so-called from an old tradition.</p>
+<p class="par">da&#699;yuni&#699;si&mdash;&ldquo;beaver&rsquo;s
+grandchild,&rdquo; from dayi, beaver, and uni&#699;si, son&rsquo;s
+child of either sex. The water beetle or mellow bug.</p>
+<p class="par">Degal gun&#699;yi&mdash;a cairn, literally &ldquo;where
+they are piled up&rdquo;; a series of cairns on the south side of
+Cheowa river, in Graham county, N. C. <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb217" href="#pb217" name="pb217">217</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">De&#699;gata&#699;ga&mdash;The Cherokee name of General
+Stamd Watie and of a prominent early western chief known to the whites
+as Takatoka. The word is derived from tsita&#699;ga, &ldquo;I am
+standing,&rdquo; da nita&#699;ga &ldquo;they are standing
+together,&rdquo; and conveys the subtle meaning of two persons standing
+together and so closely united in sympathy as to form but one human
+body.</p>
+<p class="par">De&#699;gayelun&#699;ha&mdash;see
+Datsu&#699;nalagun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">detsanun&#699;li&mdash;an enclosure or piece of level
+ground cleared for ceremonial purposes; applied more particularly to
+the green-corn dance ground. The word has a plural form, but cannot be
+certainly analyzed.</p>
+<p class="par">De&#699;tsata&mdash;a Cherokee sprite.</p>
+<p class="par">detsinu&#699;lahungu&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;I tried, but
+failed.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Didalaski&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Showering place.&rdquo;
+In the story (number 17) the name is understood to mean &ldquo;the
+place where it rains fire.&rdquo; It signifies literally, however, the
+place where it showers, or comes down, and lodges upon something
+animate and has no definite reference to fire (atsi&#699;la) or rain
+(afaska, &ldquo;it is raining&rdquo;); degalasku&#699;, &ldquo;they are
+showering down and lodging upon him.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Dida&#699;skasti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where they were
+afraid of each other,&rdquo; a spot on Little Tennessee river, near the
+mouth of Alarka creek, in Swain county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">diga&#699;gwani&#699;&mdash;the mud-hen or didapper. The
+name is plural form and implies &ldquo;lame,&rdquo; or &ldquo;crippled
+in the legs&rdquo; (cf. detsi&#699;nigwa&#699;na, &ldquo;I am
+kneeling&rdquo;)<span class="corr" id="xd23e8035" title=
+"Source: .">,</span> probably from the bouncing motion of the bird when
+in the water. It is also the name of a dance.</p>
+<p class="par">Diga&#699;kati&#699;yi&mdash;see Gakati&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">di&#699;galungun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where it rises, or
+comes up&rdquo;; the east. The sacred term is Nunda&#699;yi, q. v.
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb218" href="#pb218" name=
+"pb218">218</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">digalun&#699;latiyun&mdash;a height, one of a series,
+from galun&#699;lati, &ldquo;above.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Digalu&#699;yatun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where it is
+gashed (with hatchets)&rdquo;; from tsilu&#699;yu, &ldquo;I am cutting
+(with a chopping stroke),&rdquo; di, plural prefix, and yi, locative.
+The Chopped Oak, formerly east of Clarkesville, Ga.</p>
+<p class="par">Digane&#699;ski&mdash;&ldquo;he picks them up&rdquo;
+(habitually), from tsine&#699;u, &ldquo;I am picking it up.&rdquo; A
+Cherokee Union soldier in the Civil War.</p>
+<p class="par">digi&#699;gage&#699;i&mdash;the plural of
+gi&#699;gage&#699;i, red.</p>
+<p class="par">digu&#699;lanahi&#699;ta&mdash;for
+digu&#699;li-anahi&#699;ta, &ldquo;having long ears,&rdquo;
+&ldquo;long-eared&rdquo;; from gule, &ldquo;ear&rdquo; and
+gunahi&#699;ta, &ldquo;long.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Dihyun&#699;dula&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;sheaths,&rdquo; or
+&ldquo;scabbards&rdquo;; singular ahyun&#699;dula&#699;, &ldquo;a
+gun-sheath,&rdquo; or other scabbard. The probable correct form of a
+name which appears in Revolutionary documents as &ldquo;Untoola, or Gum
+Rod.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Dikta&#699;&mdash;plural of Akta&#699;, eye.</p>
+<p class="par">dila&#699;&mdash;skunk.</p>
+<p class="par">dilsta&#699;yati&mdash;&ldquo;scissors&rdquo;; the
+water-spider (<i lang="la">Dolomedes</i>).</p>
+<p class="par">dinda&#699;skwate&#699;ski&mdash;the violet; the name
+signifies, &ldquo;they pull each others' heads off.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">dine&#699;tlana&mdash;the creation.</p>
+<p class="par">di nuski&mdash;&ldquo;the breeder&rdquo;; a variety of
+smilax brier.</p>
+<p class="par">Disga&#699;gisti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where they
+gnaw&rdquo;; a place on Cheowa river, in Graham county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">diskwa ni&mdash;&ldquo;chestnut bread,&rdquo; i. e., a
+variety of bread having chestnuts mixed with it. The Cherokee name of
+James Blythe, interpreter and agency clerk.</p>
+<p class="par">Distai&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;they are strong,&rdquo;
+plural of astai&#699;yi, &ldquo;strong or tough.&rdquo; The Tephrosia
+or devil&rsquo;s shoestring.</p>
+<p class="par">dista&#699;sti&mdash;a mill (generic). <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb219" href="#pb219" name="pb219">219</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">dita&#699;stayeski&mdash;&ldquo;a barber,&rdquo;
+literally &ldquo;one who cuts things (as with scissors), from
+tsista&#699;yu, &ldquo;I cut.&rdquo; The cricket (tala&#699;tu) is
+sometimes so-called.</p>
+<p class="par">Diwa&#699;li&mdash;&ldquo;Bowl,&rdquo; a prominent chief
+of the western Cherokee, known to the whites as The Bowl, or Colonel
+Bowles, killed by the Texans in 1839. The chief mentioned may have been
+another of the same name.</p>
+<p class="par">diya&#699;hali (or duya&#699;hali)&mdash;the alligator
+lizard (<i lang="la">Sceloporue undulatus</i>).</p>
+<p class="par">Diya&#699;hali&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Lizard&rsquo;s
+place,&rdquo; from diya&#699;hali, lizard, and yi, locative. Joanna
+Bald, a mountain at the head of Valley river on the line between
+Cherokee and Graham counties, North Carolina.</p>
+<p class="par">Double-Head&mdash;see Tal-tsu&#699;ska&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Dragging-Canoe&mdash;see Tsi&#699;yu-gunsi&#699;ni.</p>
+<p class="par">Dudun&#699;leksun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where its legs
+were broken off&rdquo;; a place on Tuckasegee river, a few miles above
+Webster, in Jackson county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Dugilu&#699;yi (abbreviated Dugilu&#699;, and commonly
+written Tugaloo, or sometimes Toogelah or Toogoola)&mdash;a name
+occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country, the best known
+being Tugaloo river, so-called from a former Cherokee settlement of
+that name situated at the junction of Toccoa creek with the main
+stream, in Habersham county, Ga. The word is of uncertain etymology;
+but seems to refer to a place at the forks of a stream.</p>
+<p class="par">Dukas&#699;i, Dukwas&#699;i&mdash;The correct form of
+the name commonly written Toxaway, applied to a former Cherokee
+settlement in S. C., and the creek upon which it stood, and extreme
+headstream of Keowee river having its source in Jackson county, N. C.
+The meaning of the name is lost, although it has <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb220" href="#pb220" name="pb220">220</a>]</span>been
+wrongly interpreted to mean &ldquo;place of shedding tears.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Dulastun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Potsherd place.&rdquo; A
+former Cherokee settlement on Nottely river in Cherokee county, North
+Carolina.</p>
+<p class="par">dule&#699;tsi&mdash;&ldquo;kernels,&rdquo; a goitrous
+swelling upon the throat.</p>
+<p class="par">dulu&#699;si&mdash;a variety of frog found upon the
+headwaters of Savannah river.</p>
+<p class="par">Duniya ta lun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where there are
+shelves, or flat places,&rdquo; from aya te&#699;ni, flat, whence
+da&#699;ya tana lun&#699;i, a shelf, and yi, locative. A gap on the
+Great Smoky range, near Clingman&rsquo;s dome, Swain county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Dunidu&#699;lalun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where they made
+arrows&rdquo;; a place on Straight creek, a headstream of Oconaluftee
+river, in Swain county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Duni&#699;skwa lgun&#699;i&mdash;the double peak known
+as the Chimney Tops, in Great Smoky Mountains about the head of Deep
+creek, in Swain county, N. C. On the north side is the pass known as
+Indian gap. The name signifies a &ldquo;forked antler,&rdquo; from
+uskwa lgu, antler, but indicates that the antler is attached in place,
+as though the deer itself were concealed below.</p>
+<p class="par">Du&#699;stayalun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where it made a
+noise as of thunder or shooting,&rdquo; apparently referring to a
+lightning <span class="corr" id="xd23e8119" title=
+"Source: stroke">strike</span> (detsistaya&#699;hihu<a id="xd23e8122"
+name="xd23e8122"></a>, &ldquo;I make a shooting or thundering
+noise,&rdquo; might be a first person form used by the <span class=
+"corr" id="xd23e8124" title="Source: personfied">personified</span>
+Thundergod); a spot on Hiwassee river, about the junction of Shooting
+creek, near Hayesville, in Clay county, N. C. A former settlement along
+the creek bore the same name. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb221"
+href="#pb221" name="pb221">221</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">du&#699;stu&#699;&mdash;a species of frog, appearing
+very early in spring; the name is intended for an onomatope. It is the
+correct form of the name of the chief noted by McKenney and Hall as
+&ldquo;Tooantuh or Spring Frog.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Dutch&mdash;see Tatsi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">duwe ga&mdash;a spring lizard.</p>
+<p class="par">Eagle Dance&mdash;see Tsugidu&#699;li
+ulsgi&#699;sti.</p>
+<p class="par">Eastinaulee&mdash;see U&#699;stana&#699;li.</p>
+<p class="par">Echota, New&mdash;see Gansa&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">edata&mdash;my father (Upper dialect); the Middle and
+Lower dialect form is agida&#699;ta.</p>
+<p class="par">Edi&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;He goes about&rdquo;
+(habitually); a masculine name.</p>
+<p class="par">edutu&mdash;my maternal grandfather (Upper dialect); the
+Middle and Lower dialect form is agidu tu; cf. enisi.</p>
+<p class="par">egwa&mdash;great; cf. utanu.</p>
+<p class="par">egwani&mdash;river.</p>
+<p class="par">Egwanulti&mdash;&ldquo;By the river,&rdquo; from egwa
+ni, river, and nulati or nulti, near, beside. The proper form of
+Oconaluftee, the name of the river flowing thru the East Cherokee
+reservation in Swain and Jackson Counties, N. C. The town, Oconaluftee,
+mentioned by Bartram as existing about 1775, was probably on the lower
+course of the river at the present Birdtown, on the reservation, where
+was formerly a considerable mound.</p>
+<p class="par">ela&mdash;earth, ground.</p>
+<p class="par">eladi&mdash;low, below; in the Lower dialect eradi,
+whence the Ayrata or Lower Cherokee of Adair, as distinguished from the
+Ottara (atari, atali) or Upper Cherokee.</p>
+<p class="par">elanti&mdash;a song form for eladi, q. v. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb222" href="#pb222" name="pb222">222</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Elatse&#699;yi, (abbreviated Elatse)&mdash;&ldquo;Green
+(verdant) earth,&rdquo; from ela, earth, and itse yi, green, from
+fresh-springing vegetation. The name of several former Cherokee
+settlements, commonly known to the whites as Ellijay, Elejoy or
+Allagae. One of these was upon the headwaters of Keowee river in S. C.;
+another was on Ellijay creek of Little Tennessee river, near the
+present Franklin, in Macon Co., N. C.; another was about the present
+Ellijay in Gilmer Co., Ga.; and still another was on Ellijay creek of
+Little river, near the present Maryville, in Blount Co., Tenn.</p>
+<p class="par">Elawa diyi (abbreviated Elawa di)&mdash;&ldquo;Red-earth
+place,&rdquo; from ela, earth, wadi, brown-red or red paint, and yi,
+the locative. 1. The Cherokee name of <span class="corr" id="xd23e8164"
+title="Source: Yellow-hill">Yellow-Hill</span> settlement, now
+officially known as Cherokee, the post office and agency headquarters
+for the East Cherokee, on Oconaluftee river, in Swain Co., N. C. 2. A
+former council ground known in history as Red Clay; at the site of the
+present village of that name in Whitfield Co., Ga., adjoining the
+Tennessee line.</p>
+<p class="par">Ellijay&mdash;see Elatse&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">eni si&mdash;my paternal grandfather (Upper dialect);
+the Middle and Lower dialect form is agani si, cf. edutu.</p>
+<p class="par">Eskaqua&mdash;see Iskagua.</p>
+<p class="par">Estanaula, Estinaula&mdash;see U&#699;stana&#699;li.</p>
+<p class="par">Etawa ha
+tsistatla&#699;ski&mdash;&ldquo;Deadwood-lighter,&rdquo; a traditional
+Cherokee conjurer.</p>
+<p class="par">eti&mdash;old, long ago.</p>
+<p class="par">Etowah&mdash;see I&#699;tawa&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Etsaiyi&mdash;see Untsaiyi.</p>
+<p class="par">etsi&mdash;my mother (Upper dialect); the Middle and
+Lower dialect form is agitsi. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb223"
+href="#pb223" name="pb223">223</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Euharlee&mdash;see Yuha&#699;li.</p>
+<p class="par">Feather dance&mdash;see Tsugidu&#699;li
+ulsgi&#699;sti.</p>
+<p class="par">Fightingtown&mdash;see Walas&#699;-unulsti yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Flax-toter&mdash;see Tale&#699;danigi&#699;ski.</p>
+<p class="par">Flying-squirrel&mdash;see Ka&#699;lahu&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Frogtown&mdash;see Walasi&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Gadalu&#699;la&mdash;the proper name of the mountain
+known to the whites as Yonah (from yanu, bear); or upper Chattahoochee
+river, in White Co., Ga. The name has no connection with Tallulah (see
+Talulu) and cannot be translated.</p>
+<p class="par">Gadalu&#699;tsi&mdash;in the corrupted form of
+Cataluchee this appears on the map as the name of a peak, or rather a
+ridge, on the line between Swain and Haywood counties, N. C., and of a
+creek running down on the Haywood side into Big Pigeon river. It is
+properly the name of the ridge only, and seems to refer to a
+&ldquo;fringe standing erect,&rdquo; apparently from the appearance of
+the timber growing in streaks along the side of the mountain; from
+wadalu&#699;yata, fringe, gadu&#699;ta, &ldquo;standing up in a row or
+series.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">gahawi&#699;siti&mdash;parched corn.</p>
+<p class="par">Gahuti (Gahu&#699;ta and Gwahu&#699;ti in dialect
+forms)&mdash;Cohutta mountains in Murray Co., Ga. The name comes from
+gahuta&#699;yi, &ldquo;ashed roof supported on poles<span class="corr"
+id="xd23e8208" title="Not in source">&rdquo;</span>, and refers to a
+fancied resemblance in the summit.</p>
+<p class="par">Gakati&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;place of setting
+fire&rdquo;; something spoken in the plural form,
+Diga&#699;kati&#699;yi, &ldquo;place of the setting free.&rdquo; A
+point on Tuckasegee river, about three miles above Bryson City, in
+Swain Co., N. C. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb224" href="#pb224"
+name="pb224">224</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">gaktun&#699;ta&mdash;an injunction, command or rule,
+more particularly a prohibition or ceremonial tabu.
+Tsiga&#699;te&#699;gu. &ldquo;I am observing an injunction or
+tabu&rdquo;; adakte&#699;gi, &ldquo;he is under tabu
+regulations.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Galagi&#699;na&mdash;a male deer (buck) or turkey
+(gobbler); in the first sense the name is sometimes used also for the
+large horned beetle (<i lang="la">Dynastes tityus</i>). The Indian name
+of Elias Boudinot, first Cherokee editor.</p>
+<p class="par">gali&#699;sgisida&#699;hu&mdash;&ldquo;I am dancing
+about&rdquo;; from gali&#699;sgia, &ldquo;I am dancing,&rdquo; and
+edahu, &ldquo;I am going about.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">galunkw&#699;ti&#699;yo&mdash;honored; sacred; used in
+the bible to mean holy, hallowed.</p>
+<p class="par">galun&#699;lati&mdash;above, on high.</p>
+<p class="par">gane&#699;ga&mdash;skin.</p>
+<p class="par">ganidawa&#699;ski&mdash;&ldquo;the champion
+catchfly&rdquo; or &ldquo;rattlesnake&rsquo;s master&rdquo; (<i lang=
+"la">Silene stellata</i>); the name signifies &ldquo;it disjoints
+itself,&rdquo; from ganidawsku&#699;, &ldquo;it is unjointing
+itself,&rdquo; on account of the peculiar manner in which the dried
+stalk breaks off at the joints.</p>
+<p class="par">Gansagi (or Gansagiyi)&mdash;the name of several former
+settlements in the old Cherokee country; it cannot be analyzed. One of
+this name was upon Tuckasegee river, a short distance above the present
+Webster, in Jackson Co., N. C.; another was on the lower part of
+Canasauga creek, in McMinn Co., Tenn.; a third was at the junction of
+Conasauga and Coosawatee rivers, where afterwards was located the
+Cherokee capital, New Echota, in Gordon Co., Ga.; a fourth, mentioned
+in the De Soto narratives as Canasoga or Canasagua, was located in 1540
+on the upper Chattahoochee river, possibly in the neighborhood of
+Kennesaw mountain, Ga. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb225" href=
+"#pb225" name="pb225">225</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Gansa&#699;ti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;robbing place,&rdquo;
+from tsina&#699;sahunsku, &ldquo;I am robbing him.&rdquo; Vengeance
+creek of Valley river in Cherokee Co., N. C. The name vengeance was
+originally a white man&rsquo;s nickname for an old Cherokee woman, of
+forbidding aspect, who lived there before the Removal.</p>
+<p class="par">Ganse&#699;ti&mdash;a rattle; as the Cherokee dance
+rattle is made from the gourd, the masculine name, Ganse&#699;ti, is
+usually rendered by the whites, &ldquo;rattling-gourd.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">gatausti&mdash;the wheel and stick of the Southern
+tribes, incorrectly called nettecwaw by Timberlake.</p>
+<p class="par">Gategwa&#699;&mdash;for Gategwa&#699;hi, possibly a
+contraction of Igat(I)-egwa&#699;hi, &ldquo;Great-swamp, &ldquo;thicket
+place.&rdquo; A high peak southeast from Franklin, Macon Co., N. C.,
+and perhaps identical with Fodderstack mountain.</p>
+<p class="par">ga&#699;tsu&mdash;see hatlu&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Gatu&#699;gitse&#699;yi (abbreviated
+Gatu&#699;gitse&#699;)&mdash;&ldquo;New-settlement place,&rdquo; from
+gatu&#699;gi or agatu&#699;gi, town, settlement, itsehi, new,
+especially applied to new vegetation, and yi, the locative. A former
+settlement on Cartoogaja creek near the present Franklin, in Macon Co.,
+N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Gatugi&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Town building place,&rdquo;
+or &ldquo;Settlement place,&rdquo; from gatu&#699;gi, a settlement, and
+yi, locative. A place on Santeetla creek, near Robbinsville, in Graham
+Co., N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Gatun&#699;iti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Hemp place,&rdquo;
+from Gatun&#699;lati, &ldquo;wild hemp&rdquo; (<i lang="la">Apocynum
+cannabinum</i>), and yi, locative. A former Cherokee settlement,
+commonly known as Hemptown, on the creek of the same name, near
+Morgantown, in Fannin Co., Ga.</p>
+<p class="par">Gatun&#699;wa&#699;li&mdash;a noted western Cherokee,
+about 1842, known to the whites as Hardmush or Big-Mush. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb226" href="#pb226" name="pb226">226</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Gatun&#699;wa&#699;li, from ga&#699;tu&#699;,
+&ldquo;bread,&rdquo; and unwa&#699;li, &ldquo;made into balls or
+lumps,&rdquo; is a sort of mush or parched corn meal, made very thick,
+so that it can be dipped out in lumps almost of the consistency of
+bread.</p>
+<p class="par">ge&#699;i&mdash;down stream, down the road, with the
+current; tsa&#699;gi, up stream.</p>
+<p class="par">gese&#699;i&mdash;was; a separate word which, when used
+after the verb in the present tense, makes it past tense without change
+of form; in the form hi&#699;gese&#699;i it usually accompanies an
+emphatic repetition.</p>
+<p class="par">Ge&#699;yagu&#699;ga (for
+Age&#699;hya&#699;-guga?)&mdash;a formulistic name for the moon
+(nun&#699;da&#699;); it cannot be analyzed, but seems to contain the
+word age&#699;hya, &ldquo;woman.&rdquo; See also nun&#699;da&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">gi&#699;ga&mdash;blood; cf. gi&#699;gage&#699;i,
+red.</p>
+<p class="par">gi&#699;ga-danegi&#699;ski&mdash;&ldquo;blood
+taker,&rdquo; from gi&#699;ga, blood, and ada&#699;negi&#699;ski,
+&ldquo;one who takes liquids,&rdquo; from tsi&#699;negia&#699;
+(liquid). Another name for the tsane&#699;ni or scorpion lizard.</p>
+<p class="par">gi&#699;gage&#699;i&mdash;red, bright red, scarlet; the
+brown-red of certain animals and clays is distinguished as
+wa&#699;dige&#699;i.</p>
+<p class="par">
+gi&#699;ga-tsuha&#699;li&mdash;&ldquo;bloody-mouth,&rdquo; literally
+&ldquo;having blood on the corners of his mouth&rdquo;; from
+gi&#699;ga, blood, and tsuhanunsi&#699;yi, the corners of the mouth
+(aha&#699;li, his mouth). A large lizard, probably the pleistodon.</p>
+<p class="par">gili&mdash;dog; the Lower dialect, gi&#699;ri.</p>
+<p class="par">Gili-dinehun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where the dogs
+live,&rdquo; from gili, dog, dinehu&#699;, &ldquo;they dwell&rdquo;
+(ehu, &ldquo;I dwell&rdquo;), and yi, locative. A place on Oconaluftee
+river, a short distance above the present Cherokee in Swain Co., N. C.
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb227" href="#pb227" name=
+"pb227">227</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">
+Gi&#699;li&#699;-utsun&#699;stanun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where the dog
+ran,&rdquo; from gili&#699;, dog, and Utsun&#699;stanun&#699;yi,
+&ldquo;footprints made by an animal running&rdquo;; the Milky way.</p>
+<p class="par">ginunti&mdash;a song form for gunu&#699;tii&#699;,
+&ldquo;to lay him (animate object) upon the ground.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">giri&mdash;see gi&#699;li&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Gisehun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where the female
+lives,&rdquo; from agi&#699;si, female, and yi, locative. A place on
+Tuckasegee river a short distance above Bryson City, in Swain Co., N.
+C.</p>
+<p class="par">git&#699;lu&mdash;hair. (Upper dialect); in Lower and
+Middle dialects gitsu.</p>
+<p class="par">Glass, The&mdash;see Ta&#699;gwadihi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Gohoma&mdash;A Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; the form
+cannot be identified.</p>
+<p class="par">Going-snake&mdash;see I&#699;naduna&#699;i.</p>
+<p class="par">Gorhaleka&mdash;a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; the form
+cannot be identified.</p>
+<p class="par">Great Island&mdash;see Amayel-e&#699;gwa.</p>
+<p class="par">Gregory Bald&mdash;see <span class="corr" id="xd23e8306"
+title="Source: Tsistu&rsquo;yi">Tsistu&#699;yi</span>.</p>
+<p class="par">Guachoula&mdash;see Guaxule.</p>
+<p class="par">Guaquila (Waki la)&mdash;a town in the Cherokee country,
+visited by De Soto in 1540, and again in 1567 by Pardo, who calls it
+Aguaquiri, and the name may have a connection with waguli,
+&ldquo;Whippoorwill,&rdquo; or with u&#699;wa&#699;gi&#699;li,
+&ldquo;foam.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Guasula&mdash;see Guaxule.</p>
+<p class="par">Gusila&mdash;see Guaxule.</p>
+<p class="par">Guaxule&mdash;a town in Cherokee county, visited in 1540
+by De Soto. It was probably about at Nacoochee mound in White Co.,
+Ga.</p>
+<p class="par">gu&#699;day&#699;wu&mdash;&ldquo;I have sewed myself
+together&rdquo;; &ldquo;I am sewing,&rdquo; tsiye&#699;wia&#699;;
+&ldquo;I am sewing myself together.&rdquo; <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb228" href="#pb228" name="pb228">228</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">gugwe&#699;&mdash;the quail or partridge.</p>
+<p class="par">gugwe&#699;ulasu&#699;la&mdash;&ldquo;partridge
+moccasin,&rdquo; from guewe, partridge, and ulasula, moccasin or shoe;
+the lady slipper.</p>
+<p class="par">Gulahi&#699;yi (abbreviated Gulahi&#699;, or
+Gurahi&#699;, in the Lower dialect)&mdash;&ldquo;Gula&#699;hi
+place,&rdquo; so-called from the unidentified spring plant eaten as a
+salad by the Cherokee. The name of two or more places in the old
+Cherokee country; one about Currahee mountain, in Habersham Co., Ga.,
+the other on Cullowhee river, an upper branch of Tuckasegee, in Jackson
+Co., N. C. Currahee Dick was a noted chief about the year 1820.</p>
+<p class="par">Gu&#699;lani&#699;yi&mdash;a Cherokee and Natchez
+settlement, formerly about the junction of Brasstown creek with
+Hiwassee river, a short distance above Murphy, in Cherokee Co., N. C.
+The etymology of the word is doubtful.</p>
+<p class="par">gule&#699;&mdash;acorn.</p>
+<p class="par">gule&#699;diska&#699;nihi&mdash;the turtle-dove;
+literally &ldquo;it cries, or mourns, for acorns,&rdquo; from gule,
+acorn, and diska&#699;nihi&#699;, &ldquo;it cries for them,&rdquo;
+(di-. plural prefix, hi, habitual suffix). The turtle-dove feeds upon
+acorns and its cry somewhat resembles the name, gule.</p>
+<p class="par">gule&#699;gi&mdash;&ldquo;climber,&rdquo; from tsilahi,
+&ldquo;I climb&rdquo; (second person, hi&#699;lahi; third person,
+gulahi); the blacksnake.</p>
+<p class="par">Gul&#699;kala&#699;ski&mdash;an earlier name for
+Tsunu&#699;lahun&#699;ski, q. v.</p>
+<p class="par">gul&#699;kwa&#699;gi&mdash;seven; also the
+mole-cricket.</p>
+<p class="par">gul&#699;kwa&#699;gine(-i)&mdash;seventh; from
+gul&#699;kwagi, seven.</p>
+<p class="par">Gulsadihi (or Gultsadihi&#699;?) a masculine name of
+uncertain etymology.</p>
+<p class="par">gunahi&#699;ti&mdash;long. <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb229" href="#pb229" name="pb229">229</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Gu&#699;nahitun&#699;yi&mdash;Long place (i. e., Long
+valley), from gunahi&#699;ti, long, and yi, locative. A former
+settlement known to the whites as Valleytown, where now is the town of
+the same name on Valley river in Cherokee Co., N. C. The various
+settlements on Valley river and the adjacent part of Hiwassee were
+known collectively as &ldquo;Valley towns.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Gun&#699;di&#699;gaduhun&#699;yi (abbreviated
+Gun&#699;-digadu&#699;hun)&mdash;&ldquo;Turkey settlement&rdquo;
+(gu&#699;na, turkey), so-called from the chief, Turkey or Little
+Turkey. A former settlement, known to the whites as Turkeytown, upon
+the west bank of Coosa river, opposite the present Center, in Cherokee,
+Co., Ala.</p>
+<p class="par">gu&#699;ni&mdash;arrow. Cf. Senica, ga&#699;na.</p>
+<p class="par">gun&#699;nage&#699;i (or gun&#699;nage) black.</p>
+<p class="par">Gunne&#699;hi&mdash;see Nunne&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Gunskali&#699;ski&mdash;a masculine personal name of
+uncertain etymology.</p>
+<p class="par">Gunters Landing, Guntersville&mdash;see
+Ku&#699;sa-Nunna&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Gun-tuskwa&#699;li&mdash;&ldquo;short arrows,&rdquo;
+from guni, arrow, and tsuskwa&#699;li, plural of uska&#699;li, short; a
+traditional western tribe.</p>
+<p class="par">Gunun&#699;da&#699;le&#699;gi&mdash;see
+Nunna-hi&#699;dihi.</p>
+<p class="par">Gusti&#699;&mdash;a traditional Cherokee settlement on
+Tennessee river, near Kingston, Roane Co., Tenn. The name cannot be
+analyzed.</p>
+<p class="par">Gu&#699;wisguwi&#699;&mdash;The Cherokee name of the
+chief John Ross, and for the district named in his honor, commonly
+spelled Cooweescoowee. Properly an onomatope for a large bird said to
+have been seen formerly at infrequent intervals in the old Cherokee
+country, accompanying the migratory wild geese, and described as
+resembling a large snipe, with yellow legs and unwebbed feet. In
+boyhood John Ross was known as Tsan&#699;usdi, &ldquo;Little
+John.&rdquo; <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb230" href="#pb230" name=
+"pb230">230</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Gwal&#699;ga&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Frog-place,&rdquo;
+from gwal&#699;gu, a variety of frog, and hi, locative. A place on
+Hiwassee river, just above the junction of Peachtree creek, near
+Murphy, in Cherokee Co., N. C.; about 1755 the site of a village of
+refugee Natchez, and later of a Baptist mission.</p>
+<p class="par">gwehe&#699;&mdash;a cricket&rsquo;s cry.</p>
+<p class="par">Ha!&mdash;an introductory exclamation intended to
+attract attention or add emphasis; about equivalent to Here! Now!</p>
+<p class="par">Ha&#699;-ma&#699;ma&#699;&mdash;a song term compounded
+of ha! an introductory exclamation, and mama&#699;, a word which has no
+analysis, but is used in speaking to young children to mean &ldquo;let
+me carry you on my back.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Hanging-maw&mdash;see Uskwa&#699;li-gu&#699;ta.</p>
+<p class="par">ha&#699;nia-lil&#699;-lil&#699;&mdash;an unmeaning dance
+refrain.</p>
+<p class="par">Hard-mush&mdash;see Gatun&#699;wali.</p>
+<p class="par">ha&#699;tlu&mdash;dialectic form, ga&#699;tsu,
+&ldquo;where?&rdquo; (interrogative).</p>
+<p class="par">ha&#699;wiye&#699;ehi&#699;,
+ha&#699;wiye&#699;hyuwe&#699;&mdash;unmeaning dance refrains.</p>
+<p class="par">hayu&#699;&mdash;an emphatic affirmative, about
+equivalent to &ldquo;Yes, sir.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">hayuya&#699;haniwa&#699;&mdash;an unmeaning refrain in
+one of the bear songs.</p>
+<p class="par">he-e!&mdash;an unmeaning song introduction.</p>
+<p class="par">Hemp-carrier&mdash;see Tale&#699;danigi&#699;ski.</p>
+<p class="par">Hemptown&mdash;see Gatunlti&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">hi!&mdash;unmeaning dance exclamation.</p>
+<p class="par">Hickory-log&mdash;see Wane&#699;-asun&#699;tlunyi.</p>
+<p class="par">hi&#699;gina&#699;lii&mdash;&ldquo;(you are) my
+friend&rdquo;; afina&#699;lii, &ldquo;(he is) my friend.&rdquo; In
+white man&rsquo;s jargon, canaly.</p>
+<p class="par">Hightower&mdash;see I&#699;tawa&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">hila&#699;gu?&mdash;how many? how much? (Upper dialect);
+the Middle dialect form is hungu&#699;. <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb231" href="#pb231" name="pb231">231</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">hilahi&#699;yu&mdash;long ago; the final yu makes it
+more emphatic.</p>
+<p class="par">hi&#699;lunnu&mdash;&ldquo;(thou) go to sleep&rdquo;;
+from tsi&#699;lihu&#699;, &ldquo;I am asleep.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">hi&#699;ski&mdash;five; cf. Mohawk wisk. The Cherokee
+numerals including 10 are as follows: sa&#699;gwu, ta&#699;li,
+tsa&#699;i, nun&#699;gi, hi&#699;ski, su&#699;tali, gul kwa&#699;gi,
+tsune&#699;la, aska&#699;hi</p>
+<p class="par">Hiwassee&mdash;Ayuhwa&#699;si.</p>
+<p class="par">hi&#699;yagu&#699;we&mdash;an unmeaning dance
+refrain.</p>
+<p class="par">Houston, Samuel&mdash;see Ka&#699;lanu.</p>
+<p class="par">huhu&mdash;the yellow-breasted chat, or yellow mocking
+bird (<i lang="la">Icteria virens</i>); the name is an onomatope.</p>
+<p class="par">hunyahu&#699;ska&mdash;&ldquo;he will die.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">hwi&#699;lahi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;thou (must)
+go.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Iau&#699;nigu&mdash;an important Cherokee settlement,
+commonly known to the whites as Seneca, formerly on Keowee river, about
+the mouth of Conneross creek, in Oconee county, S. C. Hopewell, the
+country seat of General Pickens, where the famous treaty was made, was
+near it on the east side of the river. The word cannot be translated,
+but has no connection with the tribal name, Seneca.</p>
+<p class="par">igagu&#699;ti&mdash;daylight. The name is sometimes
+applied to the ulunsu&#699;ti (q. v.) and also to the clematis
+vine.</p>
+<p class="par">i&#699;hya&mdash;the cane reed (<i lang=
+"la">Arundinaria</i>) of the Gulf states, used by the Indians for
+blow-guns, fishing rods and basketry.</p>
+<p class="par">ihya&#699;ga&mdash;see atsil&#699;sunti.</p>
+<p class="par">inadu&#699;&mdash;snake.</p>
+<p class="par">I&#699;nadu-na&#699;i&mdash;&ldquo;Going snake,&rdquo; a
+Cherokee chief prominent about eighty years ago. The name properly
+signifies that the person is &ldquo;going along in company with a
+snake,&rdquo; the verbal part being from the irregular verb
+asta&#699;i, &ldquo;I am going along with him.&rdquo; <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb232" href="#pb232" name="pb232">232</a>]</span>The
+name has been given to a district of the present Cherokee Nation.</p>
+<p class="par">i&#699;nage&#699;hi&mdash;dwelling in the wilderness, an
+inhabitant of the wilderness; from i&#699;nage&#699;i
+&ldquo;wilderness,&rdquo; and ehi, habitual present form of ehu,
+&ldquo;he is dwelling&rdquo;; ge&#699;u, &ldquo;I am
+dwelling.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">I&#699;nage-utasun&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;he who grew up
+in the wilderness,&rdquo; i. e., &ldquo;He who grew up wild&rdquo;;
+from i&#699;nage&#699;i, &ldquo;wilderness, unoccupied timber
+land,&rdquo; and utasun&#699;hi, the third person perfect of the
+irregular verb ga&#699;tunsku&#699;, &ldquo;I am growing up.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Ina&#699;li&mdash;Black-fox; the common red fox in
+tsu&#699;la (in Muscogee, chula). Black-fox was principal chief of the
+Cherokee Nation in 1810.</p>
+<p class="par">Iskagua&mdash;Name for &ldquo;Clear Sky,&rdquo; formerly
+&ldquo;Nenetooyah or the Bloody Fellow.&rdquo; The name appears thus in
+a document of 1791 as that of a Cherokee chief frequently mentioned
+about that period under the name of &ldquo;Bloody Fellow.&rdquo; In one
+treaty it is given as &ldquo;Eskaqua or Bloody Fellow.&rdquo; Both
+forms and etymologies are doubtful, neither form seeming to have any
+reference either to &ldquo;sky&rdquo; (galun&#699;lahi) or
+&ldquo;blood&rdquo; (gi&#699;ga). The first may be intended for
+Ik-e&#699;gwa, &ldquo;Great day.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Istanare&mdash;see Ustana&#699;li.</p>
+<p class="par">Itaba&mdash;see I&#699;tawa&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Itagu&#699;nahi&mdash;the Cherokee name of John Ax.</p>
+<p class="par">I&#699;tawa&#699;&mdash;The name of one or more Cherokee
+settlements. One, which existed until the Removal in 1838, was upon
+Etowah river, about the present Hightower, in Forsyth county, Ga.
+Another may have been on Hightower creek of Hiwassee river in Towns
+county, Ga. The name, commonly written Etowah and corrupted to
+Hightower, cannot <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb233" href="#pb233"
+name="pb233">233</a>]</span>be translated and seems not to be of
+Cherokee origin. A town, called Itaba, Ytaun or Ytava in the De Soto
+chronicles, existed in 1540 among the Creeks, apparently on Alabama
+river.</p>
+<p class="par">Itsa&#699;ti&mdash;commonly spelled Echota, Chota,
+Chote, Choquata (misprint), etc.; a name occurring in several places in
+the old Cherokee country; the meaning is lost. The most important
+settlement of this name, frequently distinguished as Great Echota, was
+on the south side of Little Tennessee. It was the ancient capital and
+sacred &ldquo;Peace town&rdquo; of the Nation. Little Echota was on
+Sautee (i. e., Its&#699;ti) creek, a head stream of the Chattahoochee,
+west of Clarksville, Ga. New Echota, the capital of the Nation for some
+years before the Removal, was established at a spot originally known as
+Gansa&#699;gi (q. v.) at the junction of the Oostanaula and Canasauga
+rivers, in Gordon county, Ga. It was sometimes called Newton. The old
+Macedonia mission on Soco creek, of the N. C. reservation, is also
+known as Itas&#699;ti to the Cherokee, as was also the great Nacoochee
+mound. See Nagutsi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Itse&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;New green place&rdquo; or
+&ldquo;Place of fresh green,&rdquo; from itse&#699;hi, &ldquo;green or
+unripe vegetation,&rdquo; and yi, the locative; applied more
+particularly to a tract of ground made green by fresh springing
+vegetation, after having been cleared of timber or burned over. A name
+occurring in several places in the Old Cherokee country, variously
+written Echia, Echoee, Etchowee, and sometimes also falsely rendered
+&ldquo;Brasstown,&rdquo; from a confusion of Itse&#699;yi with
+untsaiyi&#699;, &ldquo;brass.&rdquo; One settlement of this name was
+upon Brasstown creek of Tugaloo river, in Oconee county, S. C.; another
+was <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb234" href="#pb234" name=
+"pb234">234</a>]</span>on Little Tennessee river near the present
+Franklin, Macon county, N. C., and probably about the junction of
+Cartoogaja (Gatug-itse&#699;yi) creek; a third, known to the whites as
+Brasstown, was on upper Brasstown creek of Hiwassee river, in Towns
+county, Ga. In Cherokee, as in most other Indian languages, no clear
+distinction is made between green and blue.</p>
+<p class="par">i&#699;ya&mdash;pumpkin.</p>
+<p class="par">i&#699;ya&#699;-iuy&#699;sti&mdash;&ldquo;like a
+pumpkin,&rdquo; from <span class="corr" id="xd23e8482" title=
+"Source: iya">i&#699;ya</span> and iyu&#699;sti, like.</p>
+<p class="par"><span class="corr" id="xd23e8486" title=
+"Source: iya&#699;-tawi&#699;skage">i&#699;ya&#699;-tawi&#699;skage</span>&mdash;&ldquo;of
+pumpkin smoothness,&rdquo; from i&#699;ya, pumpkin, and
+tawi&#699;skage, smooth.</p>
+<p class="par">Jackson&mdash;see Tsek&#699;sini&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Jessan&mdash;see Tsesa&#699;ni.</p>
+<p class="par">Jesse Reid&mdash;see Tse&#699;si-Ska&#699;tsi.</p>
+<p class="par">Joanna Bald&mdash;see Diya&#699;hali&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Joara, Juada&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Sawa&#699;li.</p>
+<p class="par">John&mdash;see Tsa&#699;ni.</p>
+<p class="par">John Ax&mdash;see Itagu&#699;nahi.</p>
+<p class="par">Jolly, John&mdash;see Anu&#699;lude&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Junaluska&mdash;see Tsunu&#699;lahun&#699;ski.</p>
+<p class="par">Jutaculla&mdash;see Tsulkalu&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">ka&#699;gu&#699;&mdash;crow; the name is an
+onomatope.</p>
+<p class="par">Kagun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Crow place,&rdquo; from
+ka&#699;gu&#699;, and yi, locative.</p>
+<p class="par">ka&#699;i&mdash;grease, oil.</p>
+<p class="par">Kala&#699;asun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where he fell
+off,&rdquo; from tsila&#699;asku&#699;, &ldquo;I am falling off,&rdquo;
+and yi, locative. A cliff near Cold Spring knob, in Swain county, North
+Carolina.</p>
+<p class="par">Ka&#699;lahu&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;All-bones,&rdquo; from
+ka&#699;lu, bone. A former chief of the East Cherokee, also known in
+the tribe as Sawanu&#699;gi. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb235" href=
+"#pb235" name="pb235">235</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Ka&#699;lanu&mdash;&ldquo;The Raven&rdquo;; the name was
+used as a war title in the tribe and appears in the old documents as
+Corani (Lower dialect, Ka&#699;ranu) Colonneh, Colona, etc. It is the
+Cherokee name for General Samuel Houston or for any person named
+Houston.</p>
+<p class="par">Ka&#699;lanu Ahyeli&#699;ski&mdash;the Raven Mocker.</p>
+<p class="par">Ka&#699;lanun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Raven place,&rdquo;
+from ka&#699;lanu, raven, and yi, the locative. The proper name of
+Big-cove settlement upon the East Cherokee reservation, Swain county,
+N. C., sometimes also called Raventown.</p>
+<p class="par">kalas&#699;-gunahi&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;long hams&rdquo;
+(gunahi&#699;ta, &ldquo;long&rdquo;); a variety of bear.</p>
+<p class="par">Kal-detsi&#699;yunyi&mdash;&ldquo;where the bones
+are,&rdquo; from ka&#699;lu, bone, and detsi&#699;yunyi, &ldquo;where
+(yi) they (de&mdash;plural prefix) are lying.&rdquo; A spot near the
+junction of East Buffalo Creek with Cheowa river, in Graham county, N.
+C.</p>
+<p class="par">kama&#699;ma&mdash;butterfly.</p>
+<p class="par">kama&#699;ma u&#699;tanu&mdash;elephant; literally
+&ldquo;great butterfly,&rdquo; from the resemblance of the trunk and
+ears to the butterfly&rsquo;s proboscis and wings.</p>
+<p class="par">kanaha&#699;na&mdash;a sour corn gruel, much in use
+among the Cherokee and other Southern tribes; the tamfuli or &ldquo;Tom
+Fuller&rdquo; of the Creeks.</p>
+<p class="par">kanane&#699;ski&mdash;spider; also, from a fancied
+resemblance in appearance to a watch or clock.</p>
+<p class="par">kanane&#699;ski amaye&#699;hi&mdash;the water
+spider.</p>
+<p class="par">Kana&#699;sta, Kanastun&#699;yi&mdash;a traditional
+Cherokee settlement, formerly on the head-waters of the French Broad
+river, near the present Brevard, in Transylvania county, North
+Carolina. The meaning of the first name is lost. A settlement called
+Cannostee <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb236" href="#pb236" name=
+"pb236">236</a>]</span>or Cannastion is mentioned as existing on
+Hiwassee river in 1776.</p>
+<p class="par">kana&#699;talu&#699;hi&mdash;hominy cooked with walnut
+kernels.</p>
+<p class="par">Kana&#699;ti&mdash;&ldquo;Lucky Hunter&rdquo;; a
+masculine name, sometimes abbreviated Kanat&#699;. The word cannot be
+analyzed, but is used as a third person habitual verbal form to mean
+&ldquo;he is lucky, or successful, in hunting&rdquo;; the opposite is
+ukwa&#699;legu, &ldquo;unlucky, or unsuccessful, in hunting.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">kanegwa&#699;ti&mdash;the water-moccasin snake.</p>
+<p class="par">Kanuga&mdash;also written Canuga; a Lower Cherokee
+settlement, apparently on the waters of Keowee river, in S. C.,
+destroyed in 1751; also a traditional settlement on Pigeon river,
+probably near the present Waynesville, in Haywood county, N. C. The
+name signifies &ldquo;a scratcher,&rdquo; a sort of bone-toothed comb
+with which ball-players are scratched upon their naked skin preliminary
+to applying the conjured medicine; de&#699;tsinuga&#699;sku, &ldquo;I
+am scratching it.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">kanugu&#699; la (abbreviated nungu&#699;
+la)&mdash;&ldquo;scratcher,&rdquo; a generic term for blackberry,
+raspberry, and other brier bushes.</p>
+<p class="par">Kanu&#699;gulayi, or
+Kanu&#699;gulun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Brier place,&rdquo; from
+kanugu&#699;la, brier (cf. Kanu&#699;ga); a Cherokee settlement
+formerly on Nantahala river, about the mouth of Briertown creek, in
+Macon county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Kanun&#699;nawu&#699;&mdash;pipe.</p>
+<p class="par">Kasdu&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Ashes place,&rdquo; from
+kasdu, ashes, and yi, the locative. A modern Cherokee name for the town
+of Asheville, Buncombe county, N. C. The ancient name for the same site
+is Unta&#699;kiyasti&#699;yi, q. v. <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb237" href="#pb237" name="pb237">237</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Katal&#699;sta&mdash;an East Cherokee woman potter, the
+daughter of the chief Yanagun&#699;ski. The name conveys the idea of
+lending, from tsiyatal&#699;sta, &ldquo;I lend it&rdquo;;
+agatal&#699;sta, &ldquo;it is lent to him.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Kawan&#699;-ura&#699;sunyi&mdash;(abbreviated
+Kawan&#699;-ura&#699;sun in the Lower dialect)&mdash;&ldquo;where the
+duck fell,&rdquo; from kawa&#699;na, duck, ura&#699;sa (ula&#699;sa),
+&ldquo;it fell,&rdquo; and yi, locative. A point on Conneross creek
+(from Kawan&#699;-ura&#699;sun), near Seneca, in Oconee county, S.
+C.</p>
+<p class="par">Kawi&#699;yi (abbreviated Kawi&#699;)&mdash;a former
+important Cherokee settlement commonly known as Cowee, about the mouth
+of Cowee creek of Little Tennessee river, some 10 miles below Franklin,
+in Macon county, N. C. The name may possibly be a contraction of
+Ani&#699;-Kawi&#699;yi, &ldquo;Place of the Deer clan.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="table">
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td class="cellLeft cellTop">
+<div class="figure xd23e8574width"><img src="images/p237-1.jpg" alt=
+"Occonestee Falls," width="313" height="657">
+<p class="figureHead">Occonestee Falls,</p>
+<p class="par first">In Transylvania Co., N. C.</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+<td class="cellRight cellTop">
+<div class="figure xd23e8581width" id="p237-2"><img src=
+"images/p237-2.jpg" alt="Linville Falls, N. C." width="320" height=
+"648">
+<p class="figureHead">Linville Falls, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;O&rsquo;er the precipice it plunges</p>
+<p class="line">Bounds and surges down the steep.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2" class="cellLeft cellRight cellBottom">
+<div class="figure xd23e8596width" id="p237-3"><img src=
+"images/p237-3.jpg" alt="Lower Fall. Triple Falls. Buck Forest, N.C."
+width="646" height="327">
+<p class="figureHead">Lower Fall. Triple Falls. Buck Forest, N.C.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Then it rushes fast and furious</p>
+<p class="line">Into mist and fog and spray.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par">Keeowhee&mdash;see Keowee.</p>
+<p class="par">Kenesaw&mdash;see Gansa&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Keowee&mdash;the name of two or more former Cherokee
+settlements. One sometimes distinguished as &ldquo;Old Keowee,&rdquo;
+the principal of the Lower Cherokee towns, was on the river of the same
+name, near the present Fort George, in Oconee county, of S. C. Another,
+distinguished as New Keowee, was on the head-waters of Twelve-mile
+creek, in Pickens county, S. C. According to Wafford the correct form
+is Kuwahi&#699;yi, abbreviated Kuwahi&#699;, <span class="corr" id=
+"xd23e8615" title="Not in source">&ldquo;</span>Mulberry-grove
+place.&rdquo; Says Wafford, &ldquo;the whites murdered the name as they
+always do.&rdquo; Cf. Kuwa&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Ke&#699;si-ka&#699;gamu&mdash;a woman&rsquo;s name, a
+Cherokee corruption of Cassie Cockran; ka&#699;gamu is also the
+Cherokee corruption for &ldquo;cucumber.&rdquo; <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb238" href="#pb238" name="pb238">238</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Ketoowah&mdash;see Kilu&#699;hwa.</p>
+<p class="par">Kittuwa&mdash;see Kitu&#699;hwa.</p>
+<p class="par">Kitu&#699;hwa&mdash;an important ancient Cherokee
+settlement formerly upon Tuckasegee river, and extending from above the
+junction of Oconaluftee down nearly to the present Bryson City, in
+Swain county, N. C. The name, which appears also as Kettooah, Kittoa,
+Kittowa, etc., has lost its meaning. The people of this and the
+subordinate settlements on the waters of the Tuckasegee were known as
+Ani&#699;-Kitu&#699;hwagi, and the name was frequently extended to
+include the whole tribe. For this reason it was adopted in later times
+as the name of the Cherokee secret organization, commonly known to the
+whites as the Ketoowah society, pledged to the defense of Cherokee
+autonomy.</p>
+<p class="par">kiyu ga&mdash;ground-squirrel; te&#699;wa, flying
+squirrel; sala&#699;li, gray squirrel.</p>
+<p class="par">Klausuna&mdash;see Tlanusi&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Knoxville&mdash;see Kuwanda&#699;ta lun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">ku!&mdash;an introductory explanation, to fix attention,
+about equivalent to &ldquo;Now!&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">kuku&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;cymbling&rdquo;; also the
+&ldquo;jigger weed,&rdquo; or &ldquo;pleurisy root&rdquo; (<i lang=
+"la">Asclepias tuberosa</i>). Coco creek of Hiwassee river, and Coker
+post-office, in Monroe county, Tennessee, derive their name from this
+word.</p>
+<p class="par">Kulsetsi&#699;yi (abbreviated
+Kulse&#699;tsi)&mdash;&ldquo;Honey-locust place,&rdquo; from
+kulse&#699;tsi, honey-locust (<i lang="la">Gleditschia</i>) and yi,
+locative; as the same word, kulse&#699; tsi, is also used for
+&ldquo;sugar,&rdquo; the local name has commonly been rendered
+Sugartown by the traders. The name of several former settlement places
+in <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb239" href="#pb239" name=
+"pb239">239</a>]</span>the old Cherokee country. One was upon Keowee
+river, near the present Fall creek, in Oconee county, S. C.; another
+was on Sugartown or Cullasagee (Kulse&#699;tsi) creek, near the present
+Franklin, in Macon county, N. C.; a third was on Sugartown creek, near
+the present Morgantown, in Fannin county, Ga.</p>
+<p class="par">Kunnesee&mdash;see Tsi&#699;yu-gunsi&#699;ni.</p>
+<p class="par">Kunstutsi&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Sassafras place,&rdquo;
+from kunstu&#699;tsi, sassafras, and yi, locative. A gap in the Great
+Smoky range, about the head of Noland creek, on the line between North
+Carolina and Sevier county, Tenn.</p>
+<p class="par">kunu&#699;nu (abbreviated kunun&#699;)&mdash;the
+bullfrog; the name is probably an onomatope; the common green frog is
+wala&#699;si and there are also names for several other varieties of
+frogs and toads.</p>
+<p class="par">Kusa&#699;&mdash;Coosa creek, an upper tributary of
+Nottely river, near Blairsville, Union county, Georgia. The change of
+accent from Ku&#699;sa (Creek, see Ani&#699;-Ku&#699;sa) makes it
+locative.</p>
+<p class="par">Ku&#699;sa-nunna&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Creek
+trail,&rdquo; from Ku&#699;sa, Creek Indian, and Nunna&#699;hi, path,
+trail; cf. Suwa&#699;li-nunna&#699;hi. A former important Cherokee
+settlement, including also a number of Creeks and Shawano, where the
+trail from the Ohio region to the creek country crossed Tennessee
+river, at the present Guntersville, in Marshall county, Ala. It was
+known to the traders as Creek-path, and later as Gunter&rsquo;s
+landing, from a Cherokee mixed-blood named Gunter.</p>
+<p class="par">Ku&#699;swati&#699;yi (abbreviated
+Ku&#699;saweti&#699;)&mdash;&ldquo;Old Creek place,&rdquo; from
+Ku&#699;sa, a Creek Indian (plural Ani&#699;-ku&#699;sa), uwe&#699;ti,
+old, and yi, locative. Coosawatee, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb240"
+href="#pb240" name="pb240">240</a>]</span>an important Cherokee
+settlement formerly on the lower part of Coosawatee river, in Gordon
+county, Ga. In one document the name appears, by error,
+Tensawattee.</p>
+<p class="par">Kuwa&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Mulberry place,&rdquo; from
+ku&#699;wa, mulberry tree, and hi, locative. Clingman&rsquo;s dome,
+about the head of Deep creek, on the Great Smoky range, between Swain
+county, N. C., and Sevier county, Tenn. See also Keowee.</p>
+<p class="par">Kuwanda&#699;ta lun&#699;yi (abbreviated Kuwanda&#699;ta
+lun)&mdash;&ldquo;Mulberry grove,&rdquo; from ku&#699;wa, mulberry; the
+Cherokee name for the present site of Knoxville, in Knox county,
+Tenn.</p>
+<p class="par">Kwa&#699;li, Kwalun&#699;yi&mdash;Qualla or Quallatown,
+the former agency for the East Cherokee and now a post-office station,
+just outside the reservation, on a branch of Soco creek, in Jackson
+county, North Carolina. It is the Cherokee form for
+&ldquo;Polly,&rdquo; and the station was so-called from an old woman of
+that name who formerly lived near by; Kwa&#699;li, &ldquo;Polly&rdquo;
+Kwalun&#699;yi, &ldquo;Polly&rsquo;s place.&rdquo; The reservation is
+locally known as the Qualla boundary.</p>
+<p class="par">kwandaya&#699;hu&mdash;see da&#699;liksta&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">la&#699;lu&mdash;the jar-fly (<i lang="la">Cicada
+auletes</i>).</p>
+<p class="par">Little Carpenter, Little Cornplanter&mdash;see
+Ata&#699;-gul kalu&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Long-hair&mdash;a Cherokee chief living with his band in
+Ohio in 1795. The literal Cherokee translation of
+&ldquo;Long-hair&rdquo; is Gitlu&#699;gunahi&#699;ta, but it is not
+certain that the English name is a correct rendering of the Indian
+form. Cf. Ani&#699;-Gila&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Long Island&mdash;see Amaye li-gunahi&#699;ta.</p>
+<p class="par">Lookout Mountain Town&mdash;see
+Danda&#699;ganu&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Lowrey, Major George&mdash;see Agili. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb241" href="#pb241" name="pb241">241</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Mayes, J. B.&mdash;see Tsa&#699;wa Gak&#699;ski.</p>
+<p class="par">Memphis&mdash;see Tsuda&#699;talesun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Mialaquo&mdash;see Amaye l-e&#699;gwa.</p>
+<p class="par">Moses&mdash;see Wa&#699;si.</p>
+<p class="par">Moytoy&mdash;a Cherokee chief recognized by the English
+as &ldquo;emperor&rdquo; in 1730. Both the correct form and the meaning
+of the name are uncertain; the name occurs again as Moyatoy in a
+document of 1793; a boy upon the East Cherokee reservation a few years
+ago bore the name of Ma&#699;tayi&#699;, for which no meaning can be
+found or given.</p>
+<p class="par">Mussel Shoals&mdash;see Dagu&#699;nahi.</p>
+<p class="par">Nacoochee&mdash;<span class="corr" id="xd23e8703" title=
+"Not in source">see</span> Na&#699;gu tsi.</p>
+<p class="par">Na&#699;duli&mdash;known to the whites as Nottely. A
+former Cherokee settlement on Nottely river, close to the Georgia line,
+in Cherokee county, N. C. The name cannot be translated and has not any
+connection with na tu li, &ldquo;spicewood.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Na&#699;gu tsi&#699;&mdash;a former important settlement
+about the junction of Soquee and Santee rivers, in Nacoochee valley, at
+the head of Chattahoochee river, in Habersham county, Ga. The meaning
+of the word is lost and it is doubtful if it be of Cherokee origin. It
+may have some connection with the name of the Uchee Indians. The great
+mound farther up Sautee river, in White county, was known to the
+Cherokee as Itsa&#699;ti.</p>
+<p class="par">nakwisi&#699; (abbreviated nakusi)&mdash;star; also the
+meadow lark.</p>
+<p class="par">nakwisi&#699; usdi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;little
+star&rdquo;; the puffball fungus (<i lang="la">Lycoperdon?</i>).</p>
+<p class="par">Na&#699;na-tlu gun&#699;yi (abbreviated Na&#699;na-tlu
+gun&#699;, or Na&#699;na-tsu gun&#699;)&mdash;&ldquo;Spruce-tree
+place,&rdquo; from na&#699;na, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb242"
+href="#pb242" name="pb242">242</a>]</span>spruce, tlu gun&#699;i, or
+tsu gun&#699;i, a tree (standing) and yi, locative, 1. A traditional
+ancient Cherokee settlement on the site of Jonesboro, Washington
+county, Tenn. The name of Nolichucky river is probably a corruption of
+the same word. 2. Nan-tsu gun, a place on Nottely river, close to its
+junction with Hiwassee, in Cherokee county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Nanehi&mdash;see Nunne&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Nantahala&mdash;see Nundaye&#699; li.</p>
+<p class="par">Nashville&mdash;see Dagu&#699;nawe&#699;lahi.</p>
+<p class="par">Natchez&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Na&prime;tsi.</p>
+<p class="par">Nats-asun&#699;tlunyi (abbreviated <span class="corr"
+id="xd23e8732" title=
+"Source: Na ts-asun&#699;tlun">Nats-asun&#699;tlun</span>)&mdash;&ldquo;Pine-footing
+place,&rdquo; from na&prime;tsi, pine, asun&#699;tli or
+asun-tlun&#699;i, footlog, bridge, and yi, locative. A former Cherokee
+settlement, commonly known as Pinelog, on the creek of the same name,
+in Bartow county, Georgia.</p>
+<p class="par">na&prime;tsi&mdash;pine.</p>
+<p class="par">na&#699;tsiku&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;I eat it&rdquo;
+(tsi&#699;kiu&#699;, &ldquo;I am eating&rdquo;).</p>
+<p class="par">na tu li&mdash;spicewood (<i lang="la">Lindera
+benzoin</i>).</p>
+<p class="par">Naye&#699;hi&mdash;see Nunne&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Nayunuwi&mdash;see Nunyunu&#699;wi.</p>
+<p class="par">nehanduyanu&#699;&mdash;a song form for
+nehadu&#699;yanu&#699;, an irregular verbal form denoting
+&ldquo;conceived in the womb.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Nellawgitehi&mdash;given as the name of a Lower Cherokee
+chief in 1684. The correct form and meaning are both uncertain, but the
+final part seems to be the common suffix didi&#699;,
+&ldquo;killer.&rdquo; Cf. Ta&#699;gwadiahi&#699;<span class="corr" id=
+"xd23e8753" title="Not in source">.</span></p>
+<p class="par">Nenetooyah&mdash;see Iskagua.</p>
+<p class="par">Nequassee&mdash;see Ki&#699;kwasi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Nettecawaw&mdash;see Gatayu&#699;sti.</p>
+<p class="par">Nettle-carrier&mdash;see Tale&#699;danigi&#699;ski.</p>
+<p class="par">New Echota, Newtown&mdash;see Itsa&#699;ti.</p>
+<p class="par">Nickajack&mdash;see Nikutse&#699;gi. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb243" href="#pb243" name="pb243">243</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Nicotani&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Kuta&#699;ni.</p>
+<p class="par">Nikwasi&#699; (or Nikwsi&#699;)&mdash;an important
+ancient settlement on Little Tennessee river, where now is the town of
+Franklin, in Macon county, N. C. A large mound marks the site of the
+town-house. The name appears in old documents as Nequassee, Nucassee,
+etc. Its meaning is lost.</p>
+<p class="par">Nikutse&#699;gi (also Nukatse&#699;gi, Nikwatse&#699;gi,
+or abbreviated Nikutseg&#699;)&mdash;Nickajack, an important Cherokee
+settlement, about 1790, on the south bank of Tennessee river, at the
+entrance of Nickajack creek, in Marion county, Tenn. One of the Five
+Chickamauga towns (see Tsikama&#699;gi). The meaning of the word is
+lost and it is probably not of Cherokee origin, although it occurs also
+in the tribe as a man&rsquo;s name. In the corrupted form of
+&ldquo;Nigger Jack,&rdquo; it occurs also as the name of a creek of
+Cullasaja river above Franklin, in Macon county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Nilaque&mdash;see Amaye l-e&#699;gwa.</p>
+<p class="par">Nolichucky&mdash;see Na&#699;na-tlugun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Notchy&mdash;a creek entering Tellico river, in Monroe
+county, Tenn. The name evidently refers to Natchez Indian refugees, who
+formerly lived in the vicinity (see Ani&#699;-Na&prime;tsi).</p>
+<p class="par">Nottely&mdash;see Na&#699;duli&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">nu&mdash;used as a suffix to denote &ldquo;and,&rdquo;
+or &ldquo;also&rdquo;; u&#699;le-nu, &ldquo;and also&rdquo;
+na&#699;ski-nu&#699;, &ldquo;and that,&rdquo; &ldquo;that
+also.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Nucassee&mdash;see Nikwasi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">nu&#699;dunnelu&#699;&mdash;he did so and so: an
+irregular form apparently connected with the archaic forms
+adunni&#699;ga, <span class="corr" id="xd23e8790" title=
+"Source: &rdquo; ">&ldquo;</span>it has just become so,&rdquo; and
+udunnu, &ldquo;it is matured, or finished.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Nugatsa&#699;ni&mdash;a ridge sloping down to
+Oconaluftee river, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb244" href="#pb244"
+name="pb244">244</a>]</span>below Cherokee, in Swain county, N. C. An
+archaic form denoting a high ridge with a long gradual slope.</p>
+<p class="par">nu&#699;na&mdash;potato; the name was originally applied
+to the wild &ldquo;pig potato&rdquo; (<i lang="la">Phaseolus</i>), now
+distinguished as mu&#699;na igatehi, &ldquo;swamp-dwelling
+potato.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">nun&#699;da&mdash;the sun or moon, distinguished as
+unu&#699;da&#699; ige&#699;hi, nun&#699;da&#699; &ldquo;dwelling in the
+day,&rdquo; and nun&#699;da&#699; sunna&#699;yehi, nun&#699;da
+&ldquo;dwelling in the night.&rdquo; In the sacred formulas the moon is
+sometimes called Ge yagu&#699;ga, or Su&#699;talidihi,
+&ldquo;Six-keller,&rdquo; names apparently founded upon myths now
+lost.</p>
+<p class="par">nun&#699;da&#699;-dikani&mdash;a rare bird formerly seen
+occasionally in the old Cherokee country, possibly the little blue
+heron (<i lang="la">Floridus cerulea</i>). The name seems to mean
+&ldquo;it looks at the sun,&rdquo; i. e., &ldquo;sun-gazer,&rdquo; from
+nun&#699;da&#699;, sun, and da&#699;ka na&#699; or detsi&#699;ka na,
+&ldquo;I am looking at it.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Nundawe&#699;gi&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Nundawe&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Nun&#699;daye li&mdash;&ldquo;Middle (i. e., Noonday)
+sun,&rdquo; from nunda&#699;, <span class="corr" id="xd23e8814" title=
+"Source: sen">sun</span> and aye li, middle; a former Cherokee
+settlement on Nantahala river, near the present Jarrett station, in
+Macon county, N. C., so-called from the high cliffs which shut out the
+view of the sun until nearly noon. The name appears also as Nantahala,
+Nantiyallee, Nuntialla, etc. It appears to have been applied properly
+only to the point on the river where the cliffs are most perpendicular,
+while the settlement itself was known as Kanu&#699;gu la&#699;yi,
+&ldquo;Briertown,&rdquo; q. v.</p>
+<p class="par">Nun&#699;dagun&#699;yi, Nunda&#699;yi&mdash;the Sun
+land, or east; from nun&#699;da&#699;, sun, and yi, locative. Used in
+the sacred formulas instead of di&#699;galungun&#699;yi<span class=
+"corr" id="xd23e8819" title="Source: .">,</span> &ldquo;where it
+rises,&rdquo; the common word. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb245"
+href="#pb245" name="pb245">245</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">nun&#699;gi&mdash;four. See hi&#699;ski.</p>
+<p class="par">nungu la&mdash;see kanugu&#699; la.</p>
+<p class="par">nunna&#699;hi (abbreviated nunna)&mdash;a path, trail or
+road.</p>
+<p class="par">Nunna&#699;hi-dihi&#699; (abbreviated
+Nun&#699;na-dihi&#699;)&mdash;&ldquo;Path-killer,&rdquo; literally,
+&ldquo;he kills (habitually) in the path,&rdquo; from nun&#699;nahi,
+path, and ahihi&#699;, &ldquo;he kills&rdquo; (habitually); &ldquo;I am
+killing,&rdquo; tsi&#699;ihu&#699;. A principal chief, about the year
+1813. Major John Ridge was originally known by the same name, but
+afterward took the name, Gunun&#699;da le&#699;gi, &ldquo;One who
+follows the ridge,&rdquo; which the whites made simply ridge.</p>
+<p class="par">Nunna&#699;hi-tsune&#699;ga (abbreviated)
+Nunna-tsune&#699;ga&mdash;<span class="corr" id="xd23e8833" title=
+"Not in source">&ldquo;</span>white-path,&rdquo; from nunna&#699;hi,
+path, and tsune&#699;ga, plural of une&#699;ga, white; the form is the
+plural, as is common in Indian names, and has probably a symbolic
+reference to the &ldquo;white&rdquo; or peaceful paths spoken of in the
+opening invocation at the green corn dance. A noted chief who led the
+conservative party about 1828.</p>
+<p class="par">Nunne&#699;hi (also Gunne&#699;hi; singular
+Naye&#699;hi)&mdash;a race of invisible spirit people. The name is
+derived from the verb e&#699;hu&#699;, &ldquo;I dwell, I live,&rdquo;
+e&#699;hi&#699;, &ldquo;I dwell habitually,&rdquo; and may be rendered
+&ldquo;dwellers anywhere,&rdquo; or &ldquo;those who live
+anywhere,&rdquo; but implies having always been there, i. e.,
+&ldquo;Immortals.&rdquo; It has been spelled Nanehi and Nuhnayie by
+different writers. The singular form Naye&#699;hi occurs also as a
+personal name, about equivalent to Eda&#699;hi, &ldquo;One who goes
+about.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Nuniyu&#699;sti&mdash;&ldquo;potato-like,<span class=
+"corr" id="xd23e8841" title="Not in source">&rdquo;</span> from
+nu&#699;na, potato, and iyu&#699;sti, like. A flowering vine with
+tuberous root somewhat resembling the potato. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb246" href="#pb246" name="pb246">246</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Nunyu&#699;&mdash;rock, stone.</p>
+<p class="par">Nunyu&#699;-gunwam&#699;ski&mdash;&ldquo;Rock that
+talks,&rdquo; from nunyu&#699;, rock, and tsiwa&#699;nihu, &ldquo;I am
+talking.&rdquo; A rock from which Talking-rock creek of Coosawatee
+river, in Georgia, derives its name.</p>
+<p class="par">Nun&#699;yunu&#699;wi&mdash;contracted from
+Nunyu-unu&#699;wi. &ldquo;Stone-clad,&rdquo; from nunyu, rock, and
+agwaun&#699;wu, &ldquo;I am clothed or covered.&rdquo; A mythic
+monster, invulnerable by reason of his stony skin. The name is also
+applied sometimes to the stinging ant, dasuntali atatsunski, q. v. It
+has also been spelled Nayunuwi.</p>
+<p class="par">Nunyu&#699;-tlu guni (or Nunyu-tsu
+gun&#699;i)&mdash;&ldquo;Tree-rock,&rdquo; a notable rock on Hiwassee
+river, just within the N. C. line.</p>
+<p class="par">Nunyu&#699;-twi&#699;ska&mdash;&ldquo;Slick rock,&rdquo;
+from nunyu&#699;, rock, and twiska, smooth, slick; the form remains
+unchanged for the locative. 1. Slick-rock creek, entering Little
+Tennessee river just within the west line of Graham county, N. C. 2. A
+place at the extreme head of Brasstown creek of Hiwassee river, in
+Towns county, Ga.</p>
+<p class="par">Ocoee&mdash;see Uwaga&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Oconaluftee&mdash;see Egwanul ti.</p>
+<p class="par">Oconee&mdash;see Ukwu&#699;nu.</p>
+<p class="par">Oconostota&mdash;see Agansta&#699;ta.</p>
+<p class="par">Old Tassel&mdash;see Utsi&#699;dsata&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Ooltewah&mdash;see Ultiwa&#699;i.</p>
+<p class="par">Oostinaleh&mdash;see U&#699;stana&#699;li.</p>
+<p class="par">Oothealoga&mdash;see Uy&#699;gila&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Otacite, Otassite&mdash;see Outacity.</p>
+<p class="par">Otari, Otariyatiqui&mdash;mentioned as a place,
+apparently on the Cherokee frontier, visited by Pardo in <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb247" href="#pb247" name=
+"pb247">247</a>]</span>1567. Otari seems to be the Cherokee atari or
+atali, mountain, but the rest of the word is doubtful.</p>
+<p class="par">Ottare&mdash;see a&#699;tali.</p>
+<p class="par">Owasta&mdash;given as the name of a Cherokee chief in
+1684; the form cannot be identified.</p>
+<p class="par">Ougillogy&mdash;see Uy&#699;gila&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Outacity&mdash;given in documents as the name or title
+of a prominent Cherokee chief about 1720. It appears also as Otacite,
+Ottassite, Outassatah, Wootassite and Wrosetasatow (!), but the form
+cannot be identified, although it seems to contain the personal name
+suffix diha&#699;, &ldquo;killer.&rdquo; Timberlake says: &ldquo;There
+are some other honorary titles among them, conferred in reward of great
+actions; the first of which is Outacity or &ldquo;Man-killer,&rdquo;
+and the second Colona or &ldquo;The Raven.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Outassatah&mdash;see Outacity.</p>
+<p class="par">Owassa&mdash;see Ayuhwa&#699;si.</p>
+<p class="par">Paint-town&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Wa&#699;dihi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Path-killer&mdash;see Nuna&#699;hi-dihi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Phoenix, Cherokee&mdash;see
+Tsule&#699;hisanun&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Pigeon River&mdash;see Wayi.</p>
+<p class="par">Pine Indians&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Na&prime;tsi.</p>
+<p class="par">Pinelog&mdash;see Na ts-asun&#699;tlunyi.</p>
+<p class="par">Qualatchee&mdash;a former Cherokee settlement on the
+headwaters of the Chattahoochee river in Georgia; another of the same
+name was upon the waters of Keowee river in S. C. The correct form is
+unknown.</p>
+<p class="par">Qualla&mdash;see Kwali.</p>
+<p class="par">Quaxule&mdash;see Guaxule. <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb248" href="#pb248" name="pb248">248</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Quinahaqui&mdash;a place, possibly in the Cherokee
+country, visited by Pardo in 1567. The form cannot be identified.</p>
+<p class="par">Quoneashee&mdash;see Tlanusi&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Rattlesnake Springs&mdash;see Utsanatiyi.</p>
+<p class="par">Rattling-Gourd&mdash;see Ganseti.</p>
+<p class="par">Raventown&mdash;see Kalanun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Red Clay&mdash;see Elawa&#699;diyi.</p>
+<p class="par">Reid, Jesse&mdash;see Tse&#699;si-Ska&#699;tsi.</p>
+<p class="par">Ridge, Major John&mdash;see
+Nunna&#699;hi-dihi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Ross, John&mdash;see Gu&#699;wisguwi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Ross' Landing&mdash;see Tsatanu&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Sadayi&#699;&mdash;a feminine name, the proper name of
+the woman known to the whites as Annie Ax; it cannot be translated.</p>
+<p class="par">Sagwa&#699;hi, or Sagwun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;One
+place,&rdquo; from sa&#699;gwu, one, and hi or yi, locative. Soco creek
+of Oconaluftee river, on the East Cherokee reservation, in Jackson
+county, N. C. No satisfactory reason is given for the name, which has
+its parallel in Tsaska&#699;hi, &ldquo;Thirty place,&rdquo; a local
+name in Cherokee county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">sa&#699;gwalt&#699;&mdash;horse; from asagwalihu, a pack
+or burden, asagwal lu&#699;; &ldquo;there is a pack on him.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">sa&#699;gwali digu&#699;lanahi&#699;ta&mdash;mule;
+literally &ldquo;long-eared horse,&rdquo; from sa&#699;gwali, horse,
+and digu&#699;lanahi&#699;ta, q. v.</p>
+<p class="par">saikwa&#699;yi&mdash;bear-grass (<i lang=
+"la">Erynigium</i>) also the greensnake, on account of a fancied
+resemblance; the name of a former Cherokee settlement on Sallacoa creek
+of Coosawatee river, in Gordon county, Ga. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb249" href="#pb249" name="pb249">249</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Sakwi&#699;yi (or Suki&#699;yi; abbreviated Sakwi&#699;
+or Suki&#699;)&mdash;a former settlement on Soquee river, a head stream
+of Chattahoochee, near Clarksville, Habersham county, Ga. Also written
+Saukee and Sookee. The name has lost its meaning.</p>
+<p class="par">sala&#699;li&mdash;squirrel; the common gray squirrel;
+other varieties are kiyu ga, the ground squirrel, and tewa, the flying
+squirrel; Sala&#699;li was also the name of an East Cherokee inventor
+who died a few years ago; Sala&#699;lani&#699;ta&#699;
+&ldquo;Young-squirrels,&rdquo; is a masculine personal name on the
+reservation.</p>
+<p class="par">saligu&#699;gi&mdash;turtle, the common water turtle;
+soft-shell turtle, u&#699;lana&#699;wa; land tortoise or terrapin,
+tuksi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Sa&#699;nigila&#699;gi (abbreviated San
+gila&#699;gi)&mdash;Whiteside mountain, a prominent peak of the Blue
+Ridge, southeast from Franklin, Macon county, N. C. It is connected
+with the tradition of Utlun&#699;ta.</p>
+<p class="par">Santeetla&mdash;the present map name of a creek joining
+Cheiwa river in Graham county, N. C., and of a smaller tributary
+(Little Santeetla). The name is not recognized or understood by the
+Cherokee, who insist that it was given by the whites. Little Santeetla
+is known to the Cherokee as Tsundanilti&#699;yi, q. v.; the modern
+Santeetla creek is commonly known as Nayu&#699;higeyun&#699;i,
+&ldquo;Sand-place stream,&rdquo; from &ldquo;Nuyu&#699;hi, &ldquo;Sand
+place&rdquo; (nayu, sand), a former settlement just above the junction
+of the two creeks.</p>
+<p class="par">Sara&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Suwa&#699;li.</p>
+<p class="par">Sa&#699;sa&#699;&mdash;goose; an onomatope.</p>
+<p class="par">Sautee&mdash;see Itsa&#699;ti.</p>
+<p class="par">Savannah&mdash;the popular name of this river is derived
+from that of the Shawano Indians, formerly living upon its middle
+course, and known to the Cherokee as <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb250" href="#pb250" name=
+"pb250">250</a>]</span>Ani&#699;Swanu&#699;gi, q. v., to the Creeks as
+Savanuka, and to some of the coast tribes of Carolina as Savanna. In
+old documents the river is also called Isundiga, from Isu&#699;nigu or
+Seneca, q. v., an important former Cherokee settlement upon its upper
+waters.</p>
+<p class="par">Sawanu&#699;gi&mdash;&ldquo;Shawano&rdquo; (Indian); a
+masculine personal name upon the East Cherokee reservation and
+prominent in the history of the band. See Ani&#699;Sawanu&#699;gi and
+Ka&#699;lahu&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Sawnook&mdash;see Ka&#699;lahu&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Sehwate&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Hornet place,&rdquo; from
+se&#699;hwatu, hornet, and yi, locative. Cheowa Maximum and Swim Bald,
+adjoining bald peaks at the head of Cheowa river, Graham county, N.
+C.</p>
+<p class="par">selu&mdash;corn; sometimes called in the sacred formulas
+Agawe&#699;la, &ldquo;The Old Woman.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">sel-utsi&#699; (for
+selu-utsi&#699;)&mdash;&ldquo;corn&rsquo;s mother,&rdquo; from selu,
+corn, and utsi&#699;, his mother (etsi&#699; or agitsi&#699;, my
+mother); the bead-corn or Job&rsquo;s-tears (<i lang="la">Coix
+lacryma</i><span class="corr" id="xd23e8979" title=
+"Source: .)">).</span></p>
+<p class="par">Seneca&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Nun&#699;dawe&#699;gi (Seneca
+tribe), and Isu&#699;nigu. (Seneca town.)</p>
+<p class="par">Sequatchee&mdash;see Si&#699;gwetsi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Sequoya&mdash;see Sikwayi.</p>
+<p class="par">Setsi&mdash;a mound and traditional Cherokee settlement
+on the south side of the Valley river, about three miles below
+Valleytown, in Cherokee county, N. C.; the name has lost its meaning. A
+settlement called Tasetsi (Tassetchie in some old documents) existed on
+the extreme head of Hiwassee river, in Towns county, Ga.</p>
+<p class="par">Sevier&mdash;see Tsan&#699;-usdi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Shoe-boots&mdash;see Da&#699;si giya&#699;gi.
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb251" href="#pb251" name=
+"pb251">251</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Shooting creek&mdash;see Du&#699;stayalun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Si&#699;gwetsi&#699;&mdash;a traditional Cherokee
+settlement on the south bank of French Broad river, not far from
+Knoxville, Knox county, Tenn. Near by was the quarry from which it is
+said the stone for the white peace pipes was obtained. Swquatchee, the
+name of the river below Chattanooga, in Tenn., is probably a corruption
+of the same word.</p>
+<p class="par">si&#699;dwa&mdash;hog; originally the name of the
+opossum, now distinguished as si&#699;kwa utset&#699;sti, q. v.</p>
+<p class="par">si&#699;kwa utset&#699;sti&mdash;opossum; literally
+&ldquo;grinning hog,&rdquo; from si&#699;kwa, hog, and utset&#699;sti,
+&ldquo;he grins&rdquo; (habitually).</p>
+<p class="par">Sikwa&#699;yi&mdash;a masculine name, commonly written
+Sequoya, made famous as that of the inventor of the Cherokee alphabet.
+The name, which cannot be translated, is still in use upon the East
+Cherokee reservation.</p>
+<p class="par">Sikwi&#699;a&mdash;a masculine name, the Cherokee
+corruption for Sevier. See also Tsan-usdi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">sinnawah&mdash;see tla&#699;nuwa.</p>
+<p class="par">Si&#699;tiku&#699; (or su&#699;tagu&#699;, in dialectic
+form)&mdash;a former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river, at
+the entrance of Citico creek, in Monroe county, Tenn. The name, which
+cannot be translated, is commonly spelled Citico, but appears also as
+Sattiquo<span class="corr" id="xd23e9012" title="Source: .">,</span>
+Settico, Settacoo, Sette, Sittiquo, etc.</p>
+<p class="par">siyu&#699;&mdash;see a&#699;siyu&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">skinta&#699;&mdash;for skin&#699;tagu&#699;, understood
+to mean &ldquo;put a new tooth into my jaw.&rdquo; The word cannot be
+analyzed, but is derived from gantka&#699; (ganta ga in a dialectic
+form) a tooth in place; a tooth detached is kayu ga.</p>
+<p class="par">Skwan&#699;-digu gun&#699;yi (for Askwan&#699;-digu
+gun&#699;yi<span class="corr" id="xd23e9022" title=
+"Not in source">)</span>&mdash;&ldquo;where the Spaniard is in the
+water&rdquo; (or other liquid). A place on Upper Soco creek, on the
+reservation in Jackson county, N. C. <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb252" href="#pb252" name="pb252">252</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Slick Rock&mdash;see Nunyu&#699;tawi&#699;ska.</p>
+<p class="par">Smith, N. J.&mdash;see Tsaladihi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Snowbird&mdash;see Tuti&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Soco creek&mdash;see Sagwa&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Soco Gap&mdash;see Ahalu&#699;na.</p>
+<p class="par">Soquee&mdash;see Sakwi&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Spray, H. W.&mdash;see Wilsini&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">spring-frog&mdash;see Du&#699;stu&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Standing Indian&mdash;see Yunwi-tsulenun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Stand Watie&mdash;see De&#699;gataga.</p>
+<p class="par">Stekoa&mdash;see Stika&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">ste&#699;tsi&mdash;&ldquo;your daughter&rdquo;;
+literally, &ldquo;your offspring&rdquo;; agwe&#699;tsi, &ldquo;my
+offspring&rdquo;; uwe&#699;tsi, &ldquo;his offspring&rdquo;; to
+distinguish sex it is necessary to add asga&#699;ya, &ldquo;man&rdquo;
+or age&#699;hya, &ldquo;woman.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Stika&#699;yi (variously spelled Stecoe, Steecoy,
+Stekoah, Stickoey, etc.)&mdash;the name of several former Cherokee
+settlements: 1. Sticoa creek, near Clayton, Babun county, Ga.; 2. on
+Tuckasegee river at the old Thomas homestead just above the present
+Whittier, in Swain county, N. C.; 3. on Stekoa creek of Little
+Tennessee river, a few miles below the junction of Nantahala, in Graham
+county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Stringfield&mdash;see Tlage&#699;si.</p>
+<p class="par">stugi&#699;sti, stui&#699;ski&mdash;a key.</p>
+<p class="par">Suck, The&mdash;see Un&#699;tiguhi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Sugartown&mdash;see Kulse&#699;tsi&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">su&#699;nawa&#699;&mdash;see tla&#699;nuwa.</p>
+<p class="par">sunestla&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;split noses&rdquo;; see
+tsunu liyu&#699; sunestla&#699;ta.</p>
+<p class="par">sungi&mdash;mink; also onion; the name seems to refer to
+a smell; the various minks are called generically, gaw sun&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Suki&#699;yi&mdash;another form of Sakwi&#699;yi, q.
+v.</p>
+<p class="par">su&#699;li&#699;&mdash;buzzard; the Creek name is the
+same. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb253" href="#pb253" name=
+"pb253">253</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Sun Land&mdash;see Nunda&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">su&#699;sa&#699;-sai&#699;&mdash;an unmeaning song
+refrain.</p>
+<p class="par">su&#699;talidihi&#699;&mdash;see nun&#699;da&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Suwa&#699;li-nunna&#699;hi (abbreviated
+Suwa&#699;li-nunna&#699;hi)&mdash;&ldquo;Suwali train,&rdquo; the
+proper name for the gap at the head of Swannanoa (from
+Suwa&#699;li-Nun&#699;na&#699;) river east of Asheville, in Buncombe
+county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Suwa&#699;ni&mdash;a former Cherokee settlement on
+Chattahoochee river, about the present Suwanee, in Gwinnett county, Ga.
+The name has no meaning in the Cherokee language and is said to be of
+Creek origin.</p>
+<p class="par">Suye&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;the Chosen One,&rdquo; from
+asuye&#699;ta, &ldquo;he is chosen,&rdquo; gasu&#699;yeu, &ldquo;I am
+choosing&rdquo;; the same form, suye&#699;ta, could also mean mixed,
+from gasu&#699;yahu, &ldquo;I am mixing it.&rdquo; A masculine name at
+present borne by a prominent ex-chief and informant upon the East
+Cherokee reservation.</p>
+<p class="par">Swannanoa&mdash;see Wuwa&#699;li-nunna&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Swim Bald&mdash;see Sehwate&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Swimmer&mdash;see Ayun&#699;ini.</p>
+<p class="par">tadeya&#699;statakuhi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;we shall see
+each other.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Tae-keo-ge&mdash;see Ta ski&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">ta&#699;gu&mdash;the June-bug (<i lang="la">Allorhina
+nitida</i>), also called tuya-diskalaw tsiski, &ldquo;one who keeps
+fire under the beans.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Ta&#699;gwa&mdash;see Ani&#699;ta&#699;gwa.</p>
+<p class="par">Ta&#699;gwadihi&#699; (abbreviated
+Ta&#699;gwadi&#699;)&mdash;&ldquo;Catawba-killer,&rdquo; from
+Ata&#699;gwa or Ta&#699;gwa, <span class="corr" id="xd23e9105" title=
+"Not in source">&ldquo;</span>Cattawba Indian,<span class="corr" id=
+"xd23e9108" title="Not in source">&rdquo;</span> and dihihi&#699;,
+&ldquo;he kills them&rdquo; (habitually), from tsi&#699;ihu&#699;.
+&ldquo;I kill.&rdquo; An old masculine name, still in use upon the East
+Cherokee reservation. It was the proper name of the chief known to the
+whites about 1790 <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb254" href="#pb254"
+name="pb254">254</a>]</span>as &ldquo;The Glass,&rdquo; from a
+confusion of this name with adake&#699;ti, glass, or mirror.</p>
+<p class="par">Tagwa&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Catawba place,&rdquo; from
+Ata&#699;gwa or Ta&#699;gwa, Catawba Indian, and hi, locative. A name
+occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country. A settlement
+of this name, known to the whites as Toccoa, was upon Toccoa creek,
+east of Clarksville, in Habersham county, Ga.; another was upon Toccoa
+or Ocoee river, about the present Toccoa, in Fannin county, Ga.; a
+third may have been on Persimmon creek, which is known to the Cherokee
+as Tagwa&#699;hi, and enters Hiwassee river some distance below Murphy,
+in Cherokee county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Tahkeyostee&mdash;see Unta&#699;kiyasti&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Tahlequah&mdash;see Talikwa&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Tahchee&mdash;see Talikwa&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Takatoka&mdash;see De&#699;gata&#699;ga.</p>
+<p class="par">ta&#699;ladu&#699; (abbreviated
+taldu&#699;)&mdash;twelve, from ta&#699;li, two. Cf. tala&#699;tu,
+cricket.</p>
+<p class="par">Ta&#699;lasi&#699;&mdash;a former Cherokee settlement on
+Little Tennessee river about Talassee ford, in Blount county, Tenn. The
+name has lost its meaning.</p>
+<p class="par">Talassee&mdash;see Ta&#699;lasi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">tala&#699;tu&mdash;cricket; sometimes also called
+dita&#699;staye&#699;ski (q. v.), &ldquo;the barber.&rdquo; Cf.
+ta&#699;ladu&#699;, twelve.</p>
+<p class="par">Tale&#699;danigi&#699;ski (Utale&#699;danigi&#699;si in
+a dialectic form)&mdash;variously rendered by the whites
+&ldquo;Hemp-carrier,&rdquo; &ldquo;Nettle-carrier&rdquo; or
+&ldquo;flax-toter,&rdquo; from tale&#699;ta or utale&#699;ta, flax
+(<i lang="la">Linum</i>) or richweed (<i lang="la">Pilea pumila</i>),
+and danigi&#699;ski, &ldquo;he carries them&rdquo; (habitually). A
+former prominent chief on Valley river, in Cherokee county, North
+Carolina.</p>
+<p class="par">Talihina&mdash;given as the name of the Cherokee wife of
+Samuel Houston; the form cannot be identified. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb255" href="#pb255" name="pb255">255</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Talikwa&#699; (commonly written Tellico, Teliquo or, in
+the Indian Territory, Tahlequah)&mdash;the name of several Cherokee
+settlements at different periods, viz.: 1. Great Tellico, at Tellico
+Plains, on Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tenn.; 2. Little Tellico,
+on Tellico creek of Little Tennessee river, about ten miles below
+Franklin, Macon county, N. C. 3. a town on Valley river, about five
+miles above Murphy, in Cherokee county, N. C.; 4. Tahlequah,
+established as the capital of the Cherokee Nation, Ind. Ter., in 1839.
+The meaning of the name is lost.</p>
+<p class="par">Tali&#699;wa&mdash;the site of a traditional battle
+between the Cherokee and Creeks about 1755, on Mountain (?) creek of
+Etowah river in upper Georgia. Probably not a Cherokee but a Creek name
+from the Creek ta&#699;lua or ita&#699;lua, town.</p>
+<p class="par">Talking-rock&mdash;see Nunyu-gunwani&#699;ski.</p>
+<p class="par">Tallulah&mdash;see Talulu&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Tal-tsu&#699;ska&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Two-heads,&rdquo;
+from ta&#699;li, two, and tsu&#699;ska&#699;, plural of uska&#699;,
+(his) head. A Cherokee chief about the year 1800, known to the whites
+as Doublehead.</p>
+<p class="par">taluli&mdash;pregnant; whence aluli&#699;, (she is)
+&ldquo;a mother,&rdquo; said of a woman.</p>
+<p class="par">Talulu&#699; (commonly Tallulah, and appearing in old
+documents, from the Lower dialect, as Taruraw, Toruro, Turoree,
+etc.)&mdash;a name occurring in two or more places in the old Cherokee
+country, viz.: 1. An ancient settlement on the upper part of Tallulah
+river, in Rabun county, Georgia; 2. a town on Tallulah creek of Cheowa
+river, in Graham county, N. C. The word is of uncertain etymology. The
+dulu&#699;si frog is said to cry talulu&#699;. The noted <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb256" href="#pb256" name=
+"pb256">256</a>]</span>falls upon Tallulah river are known to the
+Cherokee as Ugun&#699;yi, q. v.</p>
+<p class="par">Taluntiski&mdash;see Ata&#699;lunti&#699;ski.</p>
+<p class="par">Tama&#699;li&mdash;a name, commonly written Tomotley or
+Tomatola, occurring in at least two places in the old Cherokee country,
+viz.: 1. On Valley river, a few miles above Murphy, about the present
+Tomatola, in Cherokee county, N. C. 2. on Little Tennessee river, about
+Tomotley ford, a few miles above Tellico river, in Monroe county, Tenn.
+The name cannot be translated, and may be of Creek origin, as that
+tribe had a town of the same name upon the lower Chattahoochee
+river.</p>
+<p class="par">Tanasi&#699;&mdash;a name which cannot be analyzed,
+commonly spelled Tennessee, occurring in several places in the old
+Cherokee country, viz.: 1. On Little Tennessee river about half-way
+between Citico and Toco creeks, in Monroe county, Tenn. 2. &ldquo;Old
+Tennessee town,&rdquo; on Hiwassee river, a short distance above the
+junction of Ocoee, in Polk county, Tenn. 3. On Tennessee creek, a
+head-stream of Tuckasegee river, in Jackson county, N. C. Tanasqui,
+visited by Pardo in 1567, may have been another place of the same
+name.</p>
+<p class="par">Tanasqui&mdash;see Tanasi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Ta&#699;ski&#699;gi (abbreviated from
+Ta&#699;skigi&#699;yi or Da&#699;skigi&#699;yi, the locative yi being
+commonly omitted)&mdash;a name variously written Tae-keo-ge (misprint),
+Tasquiqui, Teeskege, Tuscagee, Tuskegee, etc., derived from that of a
+foreign tribe incorporated with the Cherokee, and occurring as a local
+name both in the Cherokee and in the Creek country. 1. The principal
+settlement of this name was on Little Tennessee river, just above the
+junction of <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb257" href="#pb257" name=
+"pb257">257</a>]</span>Tellico, in Monroe county, Tenn.; 2. another was
+on the north bank of Tennessee river, just below Chattanooga,
+Tennessee; 3. another may have been on Tuskegee creek of Little
+Tennessee river, near Robbinsville, Graham county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Tasquiqui&mdash;see Ta&#699;ski&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Tassel, Old&mdash;see Utsi&#699;dsata&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Tatsi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Dutch,&rdquo; also written
+Tahchee, a western Cherokee chief about 1830.</p>
+<p class="par">Tatsu&#699;hwa&mdash;the redbird.</p>
+<p class="par">tawa&#699;li&mdash;punk.</p>
+<p class="par">
+Tawa&#699;li-ukwanun&#699;ti&mdash;&ldquo;Punk-plugged-in,&rdquo; from
+tawa&#699;li, punk; the Cherokee name of a traditional Shawano
+chief.</p>
+<p class="par">tawi&#699;ska, tawi&#699;skage&mdash;smooth, slick.</p>
+<p class="par">Tawi&#699;skala&mdash;&ldquo;Flint&rdquo;; a Cherokee
+supernatural, the personification of the rock flint;
+tawi&#699;skalun&#699;ti, <span class="corr" id="xd23e9189" title=
+"Source: tawi-skala">tawi&#699;skala</span>, flint, from tawi&#699;ska,
+smooth, slick; cf. Iroquois Tawiskaron.</p>
+<p class="par">Tayunksi&mdash;a traditional western tribe; the name
+cannot be analyzed.</p>
+<p class="par">Tellico&mdash;see Talikwa&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">telun&#699;lati&mdash;the summer grape (<i lang=
+"la">Vitis aestivalis</i>).</p>
+<p class="par">Tenaswattee&mdash;see Ku&#699;saweti&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Terrapin&mdash;see Tuksi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">tewa&mdash;a flying squirrel; sala&#699;li, gray
+squirrel; kiyu ga, ground squirrel.</p>
+<p class="par">Thomas, W. H.&mdash;see Wil-usdi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Tikwali&#699;tsi&mdash;a name occurring in several
+places in the old Cherokee country, viz.: 1. Tuckalegee creek, a
+tributary of War-Woman creek, east of Clayton, in Rabun county, Ga.; 2.
+the Tikiwali&#699;tsi of the story, an important town on Tuckasegee
+river at the present Bryson <span class="corr" id="xd23e9211" title=
+"Source: city">City</span>, in Swain county, N. C. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb258" href="#pb258" name="pb258">258</a>]</span>3.
+Tuckalechee cove, on Little river, in Blount county, Tenn., which
+probably preserves the aboriginal local name. The name appears in old
+documents as Tuckarechee (Lower dialect) and Tuckalegee, and must not
+be confounded with Tsiksi&#699;tsi or Tuckasegee. It cannot be
+translated.</p>
+<p class="par">Timossy&mdash;see Tomassee.</p>
+<p class="par">Tlage&#699;si&mdash;&ldquo;Field&rdquo;; the Cherokee
+name for Lieutenant-Colonel W. W. Stringfield of Waynesville, N. C.,
+one of the officers of the Cherokee contingent in the Thomas Legion. It
+is an abbreviated rendering of his proper name.</p>
+<p class="par">tlage&#699;situn&#699;&mdash;a song form for
+tlage&#699;sia-stun&#699;i, &ldquo;on the edge of the field,&rdquo;
+from a stream.</p>
+<p class="par">tla&#699;meha&mdash;bat (dialectic forms, tsa&#699;meha,
+tsa&#699;weha).</p>
+<p class="par">tlanu&#699;si&#699;&mdash;leech (dialectic form,
+tsanu&#699;si&#699;).</p>
+<p class="par">Tlanusi&#699;yi (abbreviated
+Tlanusi&#699;)&mdash;&ldquo;Leech place,&rdquo; former important
+settlement at the junction of Hiwassee and Valley river, the present
+site of Murphy, in Cherokee county, N. C.; also a point on Nottely
+river, a few miles distant, in the same county. The name appears also
+as Clennuse, Klausuna, Quoneashee, etc.</p>
+<p class="par">tla&#699;nuwa (dialetic forms, tsa&#699;nuwa&#699;,
+su&#699;nawa&#699;, &ldquo;sinnawah&rdquo;<span class="corr" id=
+"xd23e9231" title="Not in source">)</span>&mdash;a mythic great
+hawk.</p>
+<p class="par">tla&#699;nuwa&#699;usdi&mdash;&ldquo;little
+tla&#699;nuwa&#699;&rdquo;; probably the goshawk (<i lang="la">Astur
+atricapillus</i>).</p>
+<p class="par">Tla&#699;nuwa&#699;atsi
+Yelun&#699;isun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where the Tla&#699;nuwa cut it
+up,&rdquo; from tla&#699;nuwa&#699;, q. v., and
+tsiyelun&#699;isku&#699;, an archaic form for
+tsigunilun&#699;isku&#699;, &ldquo;I am cutting it up.&rdquo; A place
+on Little Tennessee river, nearly opposite the entrance of Citico
+creek, in Blount county, Tenn. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb259"
+href="#pb259" name="pb259">259</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Tla&#699;nuwa&#699;i&mdash;&ldquo;Tla&#699;nuwa
+place,&rdquo; a cave on the north side of Tennessee river, a short
+distance below the entrance of Citico creek, in Blount county,
+Tenn.</p>
+<p class="par">tlayku&#699;&mdash;jay (dialectic form,
+tsayku&#699;).</p>
+<p class="par">tlunti&#699;sti&mdash;the pheasant (<i lang="la">Bonasa
+umbella</i>), called locally grouse or partridge.</p>
+<p class="par">tluntu&#699;tsi&mdash;panther (dialectic form,
+tsuntu&#699;ski).</p>
+<p class="par">tlutlu&#699;&mdash;the martin bird (dialectic form,
+tsutsu&#699;).</p>
+<p class="par">Tocax&mdash;a place, apparently in the Cherokee country,
+visited by Pardo in 1567. It may possibly have a connection with
+Toxaway (see Duksa&#699;i) or Toccoa (see Tagwa&#699;hi).</p>
+<p class="par">Toccoa&mdash;see Tagwa&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Toco&mdash;see Dakwa&#699;i.</p>
+<p class="par">Tollunteeskee&mdash;see Ata&#699;lunti&#699;ski.</p>
+<p class="par">Tomassee (also written Timossy and Tymahse)&mdash;the
+name of two or more former Cherokee settlements, viz.: 1. On Tomassee
+creek of Keowee river, in Oconee county, S. C.; 2. On Little Tennessee
+river, near the entrance of Burningtown creek, in Macon county, N. C.
+The correct form and interpretation are unknown.</p>
+<p class="par">Tomatola, Tomotley&mdash;see Tama&#699;li.</p>
+<p class="par">Tooantuh&mdash;see Du&#699;stu&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Toogelah&mdash;see Dugilu&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Toqua&mdash;see Dakwa&#699;i.</p>
+<p class="par">Toxaway&mdash;see Dukas&#699;i.</p>
+<p class="par">Track Rock gap&mdash;see
+Datsu&#699;nalasgun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsaga&#699;si&mdash;a Cherokee sprite.</p>
+<p class="par">tsa&#699;gi&mdash;upstream, up the road; the converse of
+ge&#699;i.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsaiyi&#699;&mdash;see Untsaiyi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsa&#699;ladihi&#699;&mdash;Chief N. J. Smith of the
+East Cherokee. The name might be rendered &ldquo;Charley-killer,&rdquo;
+from Tsali, &ldquo;Charley,&rdquo; and dihi&#699;, &ldquo;killer&rdquo;
+(in composition), <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb260" href="#pb260"
+name="pb260">260</a>]</span>but is really a Cherokee equivalent for
+Jarrett (Tsaladi&#699;), his middle name, by which he was frequently
+addressed. Cf. Tagwadihi.</p>
+<p class="par">tsal-agayun&#699;li&mdash;&ldquo;old tobacco,&rdquo;
+from tsalu, tobacco, and agayun&#699;li or agayun&#699;lige, old,
+ancient; the <i lang="la"><span class="corr" id="xd23e9292" title=
+"Source: Nicoliana">Nicotiana</span> rustica</i> or wild tobacco.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsa&#699;lagi&#699; (Tsa&#699;ragi&#699; in Lower
+dialect)&mdash;the correct form of Cherokee.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsa&#699;li&mdash;Charley; a Cherokee shot for resisting
+the troops at the time of Removal.</p>
+<p class="par">tsaliyu&#699;sti&mdash;&ldquo;tobacco-like,&rdquo; from
+tsalu, tobacco, and iyu&#699;sti, like; a generic name for the
+cardinal-flower, mullein and related species.</p>
+<p class="par">tsalu or tsalun (in the Lower dialect,
+tsaru)&mdash;tobacco; by comparison with kindred forms the other
+Iroquoian dialects the meaning &ldquo;fire to hold in the mouth&rdquo;
+seems to be indicated. Lanman spells it tso-lungh.</p>
+<p class="par">tsameha&mdash;see tla&#699;meha.</p>
+<p class="par">tsa&#699;nadiska&#699;&mdash;for tsandiskai&#699;,
+&ldquo;they say.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">tsana&#699;seha&#699;i&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;so they
+say,&rdquo; &ldquo;they say about him.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">tsane&#699;ni&mdash;the scorpion lizard; also called
+gi&#699;ga-danegi&#699;ski, q. v.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsani&mdash;John.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsantawu&#699;&mdash;a masculine name which cannot be
+analyzed.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsan-uga&#699;sita&mdash;&ldquo;Sour John&rdquo;; the
+Cherokee name for General John Sevier, and also the boy name of the
+Chief John Ross, afterward known as Gu&#699;wisguwi&#699;, q. v.
+Sikwi&#699;a, a Cherokee attempt at &ldquo;Sevier,&rdquo; is a
+masculine name upon the East Cherokee reservation.</p>
+<p class="par">tsanu&#699;si&#699;&mdash;see tlanu&#699;si&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">tsa&#699;nuwa&#699;&mdash;see tla&#699;nuwa&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsa&#699;ragi&#699;&mdash;Cherokee. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb261" href="#pb261" name="pb261">261</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">tsaru&mdash;see tsalu.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsasta&#699;wi&mdash;a noted hunter formerly living upon
+<span class="corr" id="xd23e9331" title=
+"Source: Nanatahala">Nantahala</span> river, in Macon county, North
+Carolina; the meaning of the name is doubtful.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsatanu&#699;gi (commonly spelled Chattanooga)&mdash;the
+Cherokee name for some point upon the creek entering Tennessee river at
+the city of Chattanooga, in Hamilton county, Tennessee. It has no
+meaning in the Cherokee language and appears to be of foreign origin.
+The ancient name for the site of the present city is Atla&#699;nuwa, q.
+v. Before the establishment of the town the place was known to the
+whites as Ross' landing, from a store kept there by Lewis Ross, brother
+of the chief, John Ross.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsatu&#699;gi (commonly written Chattooga or
+Chatuga)&mdash;a name occurring in two or three places in the old
+Cherokee country, but apparently of foreign origin. Possible Cherokee
+derivations are from words signifying respectively &ldquo;he drank by
+sips,&rdquo; from gatu&#699;gia&#699;, &ldquo;I sip,&rdquo; or
+&ldquo;he has crossed the stream and come out upon the other
+side,&rdquo; from gatu&#699;gi, &ldquo;I have crossed,&rdquo; etc. An
+ancient settlement of this name was on Chattooga river, a headstream of
+Savannah river, on the boundary between South Carolina and Georgia;
+another appears to have been on upper Tellico river, in Monroe county,
+Tennessee; another may have been on Chattooga river, a tributary of the
+Coosa, in northwestern Georgia.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsa&#699;wa Gakski&mdash;Joe Smoker, from Tsawa,
+&ldquo;Joe,&rdquo; and gakski, &ldquo;smoker,&rdquo; from
+ga&#699;gisku, &ldquo;I am smoking.&rdquo; The Cherokee name for Chief
+Joel B. Mayes, of the Cherokee Nation west. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb262" href="#pb262" name="pb262">262</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Tsawa&#699;si&mdash;a Cherokee sprite.</p>
+<p class="par">tsa&#699;weha&mdash;see tla&#699;meha.</p>
+<p class="par">tsay ku&#699;&mdash;see tlay ku&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsek&#699;sini&#699;&mdash;a Cherokee form for the name
+of General Andrew Jackson.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsesa&#699;ni&mdash;Jessan, probably a derivative from
+Jesse; a masculine name upon the East Cherokee reservation.</p>
+<p class="par">Tse&#699;si-Ska&#699;tsi&mdash;&ldquo;Scotch
+Jesse&rdquo;; Jesse Reid, present chief of the East Cherokee, so-called
+because of mixed Scotch ancestry.</p>
+<p class="par">tsetsani&#699;li&mdash;&ldquo;thy two elder
+brothers&rdquo; (male speaking); &ldquo;my elder brother&rdquo; (male
+speaking), ungini&#699;li.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsgagun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Insect place,&rdquo; from
+tsgaya, insect, and yi, locative. A cave in the ridge eastward from
+Franklin, in Macon county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">tsgaya&mdash;insect, worm, etc.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsikama&#699;gi&mdash;a name, commonly spelled
+Chickamauga, occurring in at least two places in the old Cherokee
+country, which has lost any meaning in Cherokee and appears to be of
+foreign origin. It is applied to a small creek at the head of
+Chattahoochee river, in White county, Ga., and also to the district
+about the southern (not the northern) Chickamauga creek, coming into
+Tennessee river, a few miles above Chattanooga, in Hamilton county,
+Tenn. In 1777, the more hostile portion of the Cherokee withdrew from
+the rest of the tribe, and established here a large settlement, from
+which they removed about five years later to settle lower down the
+Tennessee, in what were known as the Chickamauga towns or Five Lower
+towns. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb263" href="#pb263" name=
+"pb263">263</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">tsiki&#699;&mdash;a word which renders emphatic that
+which it follows: as a&#699;stu, &ldquo;very good,&rdquo; astu&#699;
+tsiki, &ldquo;best of all.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">tsikiki&#699;&mdash;the katydid; the name is an
+onomatope.</p>
+<p class="par">tsi&#699;kilili&#699;&mdash;the Carolina chickadee
+(<i lang="la">Parus carolinensis</i>); the name is an onomatope.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsiksi&#699;tsi (Tuksi&#699;tsi is dialectic form;
+commonly written Tuckasegee)&mdash;1. a former Cherokee settlement
+about the junction of the two forks of Tuckasegee, above Webster, in
+Jackson county, N. C. (not to be confounded with Tikwali&#699;tsi, q.
+v.). 2. A former settlement on a branch of Brasstown creek of Hiwassee
+river, in Towns county, Ga. The word has lost its meaning.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsi&#699;nawi&mdash;a Cherokee wheelwright, perhaps the
+first in the Nation to make a spinning-wheel and loom. The name cannot
+be analyzed.</p>
+<p class="par">tsine&#699;u&mdash;&ldquo;I am picking it (something
+long) up&rdquo;; in the Lower and Middle dialects, tsinigi&#699;u.</p>
+<p class="par">tsinigi&#699;u&mdash;see tsine&#699;u.</p>
+<p class="par">tsiska&#699;gili&mdash;the large red crawfish; the
+ordinary crawfish is called tsistu&#699;na.</p>
+<p class="par">tsi&#699;skwa&mdash;bird.</p>
+<p class="par">tsiskwa&#699;gwa&mdash;robin, from tsi&#699;skwa,
+bird.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsiskwa&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Bird place,&rdquo; from
+tsi&#699;skwa, bird, and hi, locative. Birdtown settlement on the East
+Cherokee reservation, in Swain county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">tsiskwa&#699;ya&mdash;sparrow, literally
+&ldquo;principal bird&rdquo; (i. e., most widely distributed), from
+tsi&#699;skwa, bird, and ya, a suffix denoting principal or real.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsiskwunsdi&#699;adsisti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where they
+killed Little-bird,&rdquo; from Tsiskwunsdi, &ldquo;little birds&rdquo;
+(plural form.) A place near the head of West Buffalo creek, southeast
+of Robbinsville, in Graham county, N. C. <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb264" href="#pb264" name="pb264">264</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Tsilalu&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Sweet-gum place,&rdquo;
+from tsila&#699;lu&#699;, sweet gum (<i lang="la">Liquidambar</i>) and
+hi, locative. A former settlement on a small branch of Brasstown creek
+of Hiwassee river, just within the line of Towns county, Ga. The name
+is incorrectly rendered Gum-log (creek).</p>
+<p class="par">Tsistetsi&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Mouse place,&rdquo; from
+tsistetsi, mouse, and yi, locative. A former settlement on South Mouse
+creek, of Hiwassee river, in Bradley county, Tenn. The present town of
+Cleveland, upon the same creek, is known to the Cherokee under the same
+name.</p>
+<p class="par">tsist-imo &#699;gosto&mdash;&ldquo;rabbit foods&rdquo;
+(plural), from tsi&#699;stu, rabbit, and uni&#699;gisti, plural of
+agi&#699;sti, food, from tsiyi&#699;giu &ldquo;I am eating&rdquo; (soft
+food). The wild rose.</p>
+<p class="par">tsistu&mdash;rabbit.</p>
+<p class="par">tsistu&#699;na&mdash;crawfish; the large-horned beetle
+is also so called. The large red crawfish is called
+tsiska&#699;gili.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsistu&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Rabbit place,&rdquo; from
+tsistu, rabbit, and yi, locative. 1. Gregory bald, high peak of the
+Great Smoky range, eastward from Little Tennessee river, on the
+boundary between Swain county, N. C., and Blount county, Tenn. 2. A
+former settlement on the north bank of Hiwassee river at the entrance
+of Chestua creek, in Polk county, Tenn, The name of Choastea creek of
+Tugaloo river, in Oconee county, S. C., is probably also a corruption
+from the same word.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsiya&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Otter place,&rdquo; from
+tsiyu, otter, and yi, locative; variously spelled Cheowa, Cheeowhee,
+Chewohe, Chewe, etc. 1. A former settlement on a branch of Keowee
+river, near the present Cheohee, Oconee county, S. C. 2. A former and
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb265" href="#pb265" name=
+"pb265">265</a>]</span>still existing Cherokee settlement on Cheowa
+river, about Robbinsville, in Graham county, N. C. 3. A former
+settlement in Cades Cove, on Cove creek, in Blount county, Tenn.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsi&#699;yi-gunsi&#699;ni&mdash;&ldquo;He is dragging a
+canoe,&rdquo; from tsi&#699;yu, canoe (cf. tsi&#699;yu) otter, and
+gunsi&#699;ni, &ldquo;he is dragging it.&rdquo; &ldquo;Dragging
+Canoe,&rdquo; a prominent leader of the hostile Cherokee in the
+Revolution. The name appears in documents as Cheucunsene and
+Kunnesee.</p>
+<p class="par">Tskil-e&#699;gwa&mdash;&ldquo;Big-witch,&rdquo; from
+atsikili&#699;, or tskilu&#699;, witch, owl, and e&#699;gwa, big; an
+old man of the East Cherokee, who died in 1896. Although translated
+Big-witch by the whites, the name is understood by the Indians to mean
+Big-owl, having been originally applied to a white man living on the
+same clearing, and noted for his large staring eyes.</p>
+<p class="par"><span class="corr" id="xd23e9419" title=
+"Source: tskili'">tskili&#699;</span> (contracted from
+atskili&#699;)&mdash;1. witch; 2. the dusky-horned owl (<i lang=
+"la">Bubo virginianus saturatus</i>).</p>
+<p class="par">tskwa&#699;yi&mdash;the great white heron or American
+egret. (<i lang="la">Herodias egretta</i>).</p>
+<p class="par">Tsolungh&mdash;see tsalu.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsuda&#699;ye lun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Isolated
+place&rdquo;; an isolated peak near the head of Cheowa river, northeast
+of Robbinsville, in Graham county, N. C. The root of the word signifies
+detached, or isolated, whence Uda&#699;ye lun&#699;yi, the Cherokee
+outlet, in Ind. Ter.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsunda&#699;talesun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where pieces
+fall off,&rdquo; i. e., where the banks are caving in; from
+adatale&#699;i, &ldquo;it is falling off,&rdquo; ts, distance prefix,
+&ldquo;there,&rdquo; and yi, locative. The Cherokee name for the
+present site of Memphis, Tenn., overlooking the Mississippi and
+formerly known as the Chickasaw bluff. <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb266" href="#pb266" name="pb266">266</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Tsu&#699;dinunti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Throwing-down
+place&rdquo;; a former settlement on lower Nantahala river, in Macon
+county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsugidu&#699;li ulsgi&#699;sti (from tsugidu&#699;li,
+plural of ugiduli, one of the long wing or tail feathers of a bird, and
+ulsgi&#699;sti or ulsgi&#699;ta, a dance)&mdash;the feather or eagle
+dance.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsukilunnun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Where he
+alighted&rdquo;; two bald spots on a mountain at the head of a Little
+Snowbird creek, near Robbinsville, Graham county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">tsungili&#699;si&mdash;plural of ungili&#699;si, q.
+v.</p>
+<p class="par">tsungini&#699;si&mdash;plural of ungini&#699;si, q.
+v.</p>
+<p class="par">tsunkina&#699;tli&mdash;&ldquo;my younger
+brothers&rdquo; (male speaking).</p>
+<p class="par">tsunkita&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;my younger brothers&rdquo;
+(female speaking).</p>
+<p class="par">tsula&mdash;fox; cf. tsulu, kingfisher and tlutlu&#699;
+or tsulsu&#699;, martin. The black fox is ina&#699;li. The Creek word
+for fox is chula.</p>
+<p class="par">tsula&#699;ski&mdash;alligator; the name is of uncertain
+etymology.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsula&#699;sinun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Footprint
+place.&rdquo; A place on Tuckasee river, about a mile above Deep creek,
+in Swain county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsula&#699;wi&mdash;see Tsulunwe&#699;i.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsule&#699;hisanun&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Resurrected
+One,&rdquo; from di&#699;gwale&#699;hisanun&#699;hi, &ldquo;I was
+resurrected.&rdquo; literally, &ldquo;I was down and have risen.&rdquo;
+Tsa&#699;lagi&#699;, Tsule&#699;hisanunhi, the Cherokee title of the
+newspaper known to the whites as the Cherokee Phoenix. The Cherokee
+title was devised by Worcester and Boudinot as suggesting the idea of
+the phoenix of classic fable. The Indian name of the recent
+&ldquo;Cherokee Advocate&rdquo; is Tsa&#699;lagi Asdeli&#699;ski.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsul kalu&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Slanting-eyes,&rdquo;
+literally &ldquo;he has them slanting&rdquo; (or leaning up against
+something); the prefix ts makes it a plural form, and the name is
+understood <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb267" href="#pb267" name=
+"pb267">267</a>]</span>to refer to the eyes, although the word eye
+(akta&#699;, plural dikta&#699;) is not a part of it. Cf.
+Ata&#699;-gulkalu. A mythic giant and ruler of the game. The name has
+been corrupted to Jutaculla and Tuli-cula. Jutaculla rock and Jutaculla
+old fields about the head of Tuckasegee river, in Jackson, North
+Carolina, take their name from him.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsulkalu&#699; tsunegun&#699;yi&mdash;see
+Tsunegun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">tsulie&#699;na&mdash;the nuthatch (<i lang="la">Sitta
+carolinensis</i>); the word signifies literally &ldquo;deaf&rdquo; (a
+plural form referring to the ear, gule&#699;) although no reason is
+given for such a name.</p>
+<p class="par">tsulu&mdash;kingfisher. Cf. tsula.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsulunwe&#699;i&mdash;(abbreviated Tsulun&#699;we or
+Tsula&#699;wi, possibly connected with tsulu,
+kingfisher)&mdash;Chilhowee creek, a north tributary of Little
+Tennessee river, in Blount county, Tennessee.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsundanilti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where they demanded the
+debt from him&rdquo;; a place on Little Santeetal river, west of
+Robbinsville, in Graham county, North Carolina. The creek also is
+commonly known by the same name.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsundige&#699;wi&mdash;&ldquo;Closed anuses,&rdquo;
+literally &ldquo;they have them closed,&rdquo; understood to refer to
+the anus; from dige&#699;wi, plural of ge&#699;wi, closed, stopped up,
+blind; cf. Tsulkalu&#699;; also Gulisge&#699;wi, &ldquo;Blind, or
+closed<span class="corr" id="xd23e9482" title="Source: .">,</span>
+ears,&rdquo; an old personal name.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsun&#699;digwun&#699;tski (contracted from
+tsun&#699;digwuntsugi, &ldquo;they have them forked,&rdquo; referring
+to the peculiar forked tail; cf. Tsulkalu&#699;)&mdash;a migratory bird
+which once appeared for a short time upon the East Cherokee
+reservation, apparently, from the description, the scissortail or
+swallow-tailed fly-catcher (<i lang="la">Milvulus forficatus</i>).
+<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb268" href="#pb268" name=
+"pb268">268</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Tsunegun&#699;yi (sometimes called Tsulkalu&#699;
+Tsunegun&#699;yi<span class="corr" id="xd23e9493" title=
+"Not in source">)</span>&mdash;Tennessee Bald, at the extreme head of
+Tuckasegee river, on the east line of Jackson county, North Carolina.
+The name seems to mean &ldquo;there where it is white,&rdquo; from ts,
+a prefix indicating distance, une&#699;ga, white, and yi, locative.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsunil&#699; kalu&mdash;the plural form for Tsul kalu,
+q. v., a traditional giant tribe in the west.</p>
+<p class="par">tsunis&#699;tsahi&mdash;&ldquo;(those) having topnots or
+crests,&rdquo; from ustsahu&#699;, &ldquo;having a topknot,&rdquo;
+ustsahi&#699;, &ldquo;he has a topknot&rdquo; (habitually).</p>
+<p class="par">Tsuniya&#699;tiga&mdash;&ldquo;Naked People&rdquo;;
+literally &ldquo;They are naked there,&rdquo; from uya&#699;tiga, naked
+(singular), with the prefix ts, indicating distance. A traditional
+western tribe.</p>
+<p class="par">tsun-ka&#699;wi-ye&#699;, tsun-sikwa-ya&#699;,
+tsun-tsu&#699;la-ya&#699;, tsun-wa&#699;ya-ya&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;I am
+(tsun or tsi, verbal prefix) a real (ya, ye, noun suffix) deer&rdquo;
+(kawi&#699;, archaic for a wi&#699;); opossum, si&#699;kwa; fox, tsula;
+wolf, waya. Archaic song forms.</p>
+<p class="par">tsunsdi&#699;&mdash;contracted from tsunsdi&#699;ga, the
+plural of usdi&#699;ga or usdi&#699;, small.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsunu&#699;lahun&#699;ski&mdash;&ldquo;He tries, but
+fails&rdquo; (habitually), from detsinu&#699;lahun&#699;ski (q. v.),
+&ldquo;I tried, but failed.&rdquo; A former noted chief among the East
+Cherokee, commonly known to the whites as Junaluska. In early life he
+was called Gulkala&#699;ski, a name which denotes something habitually
+falling from a leaning position (cf. Ata-gul kalu&#699; and Tsul
+kalu&#699;).</p>
+<p class="par">tsunu&#699; liyu&#699;sunestla&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;they
+have split noses,&rdquo; (from agwaliyu&#699;, &ldquo;I have it,&rdquo;
+and unestlau&#699;, &ldquo;it is cracked&rdquo; (as a crack made by the
+sun&rsquo;s heat in a log or in the earth)<span class="corr" id=
+"xd23e9511" title="Not in source">)</span>; the initial s makes it
+refer to the nose, kayasa&#699;. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb269"
+href="#pb269" name="pb269">269</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Tsusgina&#699;i&mdash;&ldquo;the Ghost country,&rdquo;
+from asgi&#699;na, &ldquo;ghost,&rdquo; i, locative, and ts, a prefix
+denoting distance. The land of the dead; it is situated in
+Usunhi&#699;yi, the Twilight land, in the west.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsuta&#699;tsinasun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Eddy
+place.&rdquo; A place on Cheowa river at the mouth of Cochran creek, in
+Graham county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">tsutsu&#699;&mdash;see tlutlu&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">tsuntu&#699;tsi&mdash;see tluntu&#699;tsi.</p>
+<p class="par">tsuwa&#699;&mdash;the mud-puppy or water dog (<i lang=
+"la">Menopoma</i> or <i lang="la">Protonopsis</i>).</p>
+<p class="par">Tsuwa&#699;tel&#699;da&mdash;a contraction of
+tsuwa&#699;teldun&#699;yi; the name has lost its meaning. Pilot Knob,
+north from Brevard, in Transylvania county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsuwa&#699;-uniytsun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where the
+water-dog laughed.&rdquo; from tsuwa&#699;, q. v.,
+&ldquo;water-dog,&rdquo; uniye&#699;tsu, &ldquo;they laughed&rdquo;
+<span class="corr" id="xd23e9535" title=
+"Not in source">(</span>agiyet&#699;sku, &ldquo;I am laughing&rdquo;)
+and yi, locative; Tusquittee Bald, near Hayesville, in Clay county, N.
+C.</p>
+<p class="par">Tsuwe&#699;nahi&mdash;A traditional hunter, in
+communication with the invisible people. The name seems to mean
+&ldquo;He has them in abundance,&rdquo; an irregular or archaic form
+for Uwe&#699;nai, &ldquo;he has abundance,&rdquo; &ldquo;he is
+rich,&rdquo; from agwe&#699;nai&#699;, &ldquo;I am rich.&rdquo; As a
+masculine name it is used as the equivalent of Richard.</p>
+<p class="par">Tuckalechee&mdash;see Tikwah&#699;tsi.</p>
+<p class="par">Tuckasegee&mdash;see Tsiksi&#699;tsi.</p>
+<p class="par">Tugaloo&mdash;see Dugilu&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">tugalu&#699;&mdash;the cry of the dagulku, goose.</p>
+<p class="par">tugalu&#699;na&mdash;a variety of small fish, about four
+inches long, frequenting the larger streams (from galu&#699;na, a
+gourd, on account of its long nose). <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb270" href="#pb270" name="pb270">270</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">tuksi&#699;&mdash;the terrapin or land tortoise; also
+the name of a Cherokee chief about the close of the Revolution.
+Saligu&#699;gi, common turtle; soft-shell turtle,
+U&#699;lana&#699;wa.</p>
+<p class="par">Tuksi&#699;tsi&mdash;see Tsiksi&#699;tsi.</p>
+<p class="par">Tuli-cula&mdash;see Tsui&#699;kalu&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">tulsku&#699;wa&mdash;&ldquo;he snaps with his
+head,&rdquo; from uska&#699;, head; the snapping beetle.</p>
+<p class="par">Tuna&#699;i&mdash;a traditional warrior and medicine man
+of old Itsa&#699;ti; the name cannot be analyzed.</p>
+<p class="par">Turkeytown&mdash;see Gun-di&#699;gaduhun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Turniptown&mdash;see U&#699;lunyi.</p>
+<p class="par">Tuskegee&mdash;see Ta&#699;ski&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Tusquittee Bald&mdash;see
+Tsuwa&#699;-uniyetsun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Tusquittee creek&mdash;see Daskwitun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">tu&#699;sti&mdash;for tusti&#699;ga, a small bowl;
+larger jars are called diwa&#699;li and unti&#699;ya.</p>
+<p class="par">tuti&mdash;snowbird.</p>
+<p class="par">Tuti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Snowbird place,&rdquo; from
+tu&#699;ti, snowbird, and yi, locative. Little Snow-bird creek of
+Cheowa river, in Graham county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">tu&#699;tsahyesi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;he will marry
+you.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">tu&#699;ya&mdash;bean.</p>
+<p class="par">tu&#699;ya-diskalaw&#699;sti&#699;ski&mdash;see
+ti&#699;gu.</p>
+<p class="par">tu&#699;yahusi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;she will
+die.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Tymahse&mdash;see Tomassee.</p>
+<p class="par">Uchee&mdash;see Ani&#699;-Yu&#699;tsi.</p>
+<p class="par">uda&#699;hale&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;on the sunny
+side.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">uda&#699;i&mdash;the baneberry or cohosh vine (<i lang=
+"la">Actaea?</i>). The name signifies that the plant has something long
+hanging from it.</p>
+<p class="par">uda&#699;li&mdash;&ldquo;(it is) married&rdquo;; the
+mistletoe, so-called on account of its parasitic habit. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb271" href="#pb271" name="pb271">271</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">U&#699;dawagun&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;Bald.&rdquo; A bald
+mountain of the Great Smoky range, in Yancy county, N. C., not far from
+Mount Mitchell.</p>
+<p class="par">Udsi&#699;skala&mdash;a masculine name.</p>
+<p class="par">uga&#699;sita&mdash;sour.</p>
+<p class="par">u&#699;giska&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;he is swallowing
+it&rdquo;; from tsikiu&#699;, &ldquo;I am eating.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">u&#699;guku&#699;&mdash;the hooting or barred owl.</p>
+<p class="par">ugunste&#699;li (ugunste&#699;lu in dialect
+form)&mdash;the horny-head fish.</p>
+<p class="par">Ugun&#699;yi&mdash;Tallulah falls, on the river of that
+name, northeast from Clarksville, in Habersham county, Ga. The meaning
+of the name is lost.</p>
+<p class="par">Uilata&mdash;see U&#699;tlun&#699;ta.</p>
+<p class="par">uk-ku&#699;suntsuteti&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;it will twist
+up one&rsquo;s arm.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">
+Uk-ku&#699;suntsuti&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Bent-bow-shape&rdquo;; a comic
+masculine name.</p>
+<p class="par">Uk-kunagi&#699;sti&mdash;&ldquo;it will draw down
+one&rsquo;s eye.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Uk-kwunagi&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;eye-drawn-down&rdquo;; a
+comic masculine name.</p>
+<p class="par">uksu&#699;hi&mdash;the mountain blacksnake or black
+racer (<i lang="la">coluber obsoletus</i>); the name seems to refer to
+some pecularity of the eye, akta&#699;, uksuhha&#699;, &ldquo;he has
+something lodged in his eye.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Ukte&#699;na&mdash;&ldquo;Keen-eyed (?)&rdquo; from
+akta&#699;, eye, akta&#699;ti, to examine closely. A mythic
+great-horned serpent, with a talismanic diadem.</p>
+<p class="par">Ukte&#699;na-tsuganun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where the
+Uktena got fastened.&rdquo; A spot on Tuckasegee river, about two miles
+above Bryson City, in Swain county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Ukwu&#699;nu (or Ukwu&#699;ni)&mdash;a former Cherokee
+settlement, commonly known to the whites as Oconee, on Seneca creek,
+near the present Walhalla, in Oconee county, S. C. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb272" href="#pb272" name="pb272">272</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Ula&#699;gu&#699;&mdash;the mythical original of the
+yellow-jacket tribe. The word signifies &ldquo;leader,&rdquo;
+&ldquo;boss,&rdquo; or &ldquo;principal one,&rdquo; and is applied to
+the first yellow-jacket (d&#699;ska&#699;i) seen in the spring, to a
+queen bee and to the leader of a working squad.</p>
+<p class="par">u&#699;lana&#699;wa&mdash;the soft-shell turtle; see
+also saligu&#699;gi and tuksi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">ulasu&#699;la&mdash;moccasin, shoe.</p>
+<p class="par">ule&#699;&mdash;and; ule&#699;-nu, and also.</p>
+<p class="par">ulskwulte&#699;gi&mdash;a &ldquo;pound mill,&rdquo; a
+self-acting water-mill used in the Cherokee mountains. The name
+signifies that &ldquo;it butts with its head&rdquo; (Uska&#699;, head),
+in allusion to the way in which the pestles work in the mortar. The
+generic word for mill is dist&#699;sti.</p>
+<p class="par">ulstitlu&#699;&mdash;literally &ldquo;it is on his
+head.&rdquo; The diamond crest on the head of the mythic Uktena
+serpent. When detached it becomes Ulunsu&#699;ti.</p>
+<p class="par">Ultiwa&#699;i&mdash;a former Cherokee settlement above
+the present Ooltewah, on the creek of the same name, in James county,
+Tenn.</p>
+<p class="par">ulunni&#699;ta&mdash;domesticated, tame; may be used for
+persons as well as animals, but not for plants; for cultivated or
+domesticated plants the adjective is gunutlun&#699;i or
+gunusun&#699;i.</p>
+<p class="par">Ulunsu&#699;ti&mdash;&ldquo;Transparent&rdquo;; the
+great talismanic crystal of the Cherokee.</p>
+<p class="par">ulun&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;it has climbed,&rdquo; from
+tsilahi&#699;, &ldquo;I am climbing&rdquo;; the poison oak (<i lang=
+"la">Rhus radicans</i>).</p>
+<p class="par">U&#699;lun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Tuber place,&rdquo; from
+U&#699;li&#699;, a variety of edible tuber, and yi, locative. A former
+settlement upon Turniptown, (for U&#699;lun&#699;yi) creek, above
+Ellijay, in Gilmer county, Ga. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb273"
+href="#pb273" name="pb273">273</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Unacala&mdash;see Uni&#699;gadihi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">U&#699;nadanti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Place where they
+conjured,&rdquo; the name of a gap about three miles east of Webster,
+in Jackson county, N. C., and now transferred to the town itself.</p>
+<p class="par">unade&#699;na&mdash;woolly, downy, (in speaking of
+animals); uwa&#699;nu, wool, down, fine fur (detached from the
+animal).</p>
+<p class="par">u&#699;nahu&#699;&mdash;see unahwi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">u&#699;nahi&#699;&mdash;heart; in Middle and Lower
+dialects, unahu&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Unaka&mdash;see une&#699;ga and Unicoi.</p>
+<p class="par">unatlunwe&#699;hitu&mdash;&ldquo;it has spirals&rdquo;;
+a plant (unidentified) used in conjuration.</p>
+<p class="par">une&#699;ga&mdash;white.</p>
+<p class="par">une&#699;guhi&mdash;&ldquo;he is (was) mischievous or
+bad&rdquo;; tsune&#699;guhi&#699;yu, &ldquo;you are very
+mischievous&rdquo; (said to a child).</p>
+<p class="par">une&#699;gutsatu&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;(he is)
+mischievous&rdquo;; a&#699;gine&#699;gutsatu&#699;, &ldquo;I am
+mischievous.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Une&#699;lanun&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;The
+Apportioner&rdquo;; &ldquo;I am apportioning,&rdquo;
+gane&#699;lasku&#699;; &ldquo;I apportion&rdquo; (habitually),
+<span class="corr" id="xd23e9689" title=
+"Source: ganelaski">gane&#699;laski</span>. In the sacred formulas a
+title of the Sun God; in the Bible the name of God.</p>
+<p class="par">une&#699;stalun&mdash;ice.</p>
+<p class="par">Unicoi&mdash;the map name of the Unicoi turnpike, of a
+gap on the watershed between Chattahoochee and Hiwassee river, in
+Georgia, and of a county in Tennessee. Probably a corruption of
+une&#699;ga, white, whence comes also Unaka, the present map name of a
+part of the Great Smoky range.</p>
+<p class="par">uni&#699;gisti&mdash;foods; singular, agi&#699;sti.</p>
+<p class="par">Uniga&#699;yata&#699;ti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where they
+made a fish trap,&rdquo; from uga&#699;yatun&#699;i, fish trap, and yi,
+locative; a place on <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb274" href="#pb274"
+name="pb274">274</a>]</span>Tuckasegee river, at the mouth of Deep
+creek, near Bryson City, in Swain county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Uni&#699;haluna&mdash;see Ahalu&#699;na.</p>
+<p class="par">Unika&#699;wa&mdash;the &ldquo;Town-house dance,&rdquo;
+so-called because danced inside the town-house.</p>
+<p class="par">
+Une&#699;ga-dihi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;White-man-killer&rdquo;; from
+une&#699;ga, &ldquo;white,&rdquo; for yun&#699;wune&#699;ga,
+&ldquo;white person,&rdquo; and dihi&#699;, a noun suffix denoting
+&ldquo;killer<span class="corr" id="xd23e9709" title=
+"Source: &rdquo; (">,&rdquo; &ldquo;</span>he kills them&rdquo;
+(habitually). A Cherokee chief, whose name appears on the documents
+about 1790.</p>
+<p class="par">ungida&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;thy two elder brothers&rdquo;
+(male speaking).</p>
+<p class="par">ungini&#699;li&mdash;&ldquo;my elder brother.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">ungini&#699;si (plural,
+tsungini&#699;si)&mdash;&ldquo;my daughter&rsquo;s child.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">u&#699;niskwetu&#699;gi&mdash;&ldquo;they wear a
+hat,&rdquo; ulskwe&#699;tawa&#699;, hat from uska&#699;, head. The May
+apple (<i lang="la">Podophyllum</i>).</p>
+<p class="par">unistilun&#699;isti&mdash;&ldquo;they stick on along
+their whole length&rdquo;; the generic name for &ldquo;stickers&rdquo;
+and burrs, including the Spanish needle, cockle burr, jimson weed,
+etc.</p>
+<p class="par">uni&#699;tsi&mdash;her mother; agitsi&#699;, my
+mother.</p>
+<p class="par">Uniya&#699;hitun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where they shot
+it,&rdquo; from tsiya&#699;ihu&#699;. &ldquo;I shot,&rdquo; and yi,
+locative. A place on Tuckasegee river a short distance above Bryson
+City, in Swain county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Unli&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;(He is) long-winded,&rdquo; an
+archaic form for the regular word, gunli&#699;ta; an old masculine
+name. A chief about the year 1790, known to the whites as &ldquo;The
+Breath.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">Untoola&mdash;see Dihiyun&#699;dula&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Unta&#699;kiyasti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Where they
+race,&rdquo; from takiya&#699;ta, a race, and yi, locative; locally
+corrupted to Tahkeyostee. The district on the French Broad river,
+around Asheville, in Buncombe county, N. C. The town itself is known to
+the Cherokee as Kasdu&#699;yi, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb275"
+href="#pb275" name="pb275">275</a>]</span>&ldquo;Ashes place,&rdquo;
+(from kasdu, ashes, and yi, locative), which is intended as a
+translation of its proper name.</p>
+<p class="par">Un&#699;tiguhi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Pot in water,&rdquo;
+from or unti&#699;ya, pot, and guli&#699;, &ldquo;it is in the
+water&rdquo; (or other liquid, habitually). The Suck, a dangerous rapid
+in Tennessee river, at the entrance of Suck creek, about eight miles
+below Chattanooga, Tenn.</p>
+<p class="par">Untlasgasti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Where they
+scratched&rdquo;; a place at the head of Hyatt&rsquo;s creek of Valley
+river, in Cherokee county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Untoola&mdash;see Dihyun&#699;dula&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Untsaili&#699; (also Etsaiyi&#699;, or Tsaiyi&#699;, the
+first syllable being almost silent)&mdash;&ldquo;Brass.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">unwada&#699;li&mdash;store-house, provision house.</p>
+<p class="par">Unwada-tsu&#699;gilasun&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Where the
+storehouse (unwada&#699;li) was taken off.&rdquo; Either Black Rock or
+Jones' Knob, northeast of Webster, on the east line of Jackson county,
+N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">unun&#699;ti&mdash;milk.</p>
+<p class="par">usdi&#699;ga (abbreviated usdi&#699;)&mdash;small;
+plural tsunsdi&#699;ga, tsundi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">usga&#699;se&#699;ti&#699;yu&mdash;very dangerous, very
+terrible; intensive of usga&#699;se&#699;ti.</p>
+<p class="par">Uskwale&#699;na&mdash;&ldquo;Big-Head,&rdquo; from
+uska&#699;, head; a masculine name, perhaps the original of the
+&ldquo;Bull-head,&rdquo; given by Haywood as the name of a former noted
+Cherokee warrior.</p>
+<p class="par">Uskwa&#699;li-gu&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;His stomach hangs
+down,&rdquo; from uskwa&#699;li, his stomach, and gu&#699;ta, &ldquo;it
+hangs down.&rdquo; A prominent chief of the Revolutionary period, known
+to the whites as Hanging-maw.</p>
+<p class="par">U&#699;stana&#699;li (from U&#699;stanala&#699;hi or
+uni&#699;stana&#699;la (a plural form), denoting a natural barrier of
+rocks <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb276" href="#pb276" name=
+"pb276">276</a>]</span>(plural) across a stream)&mdash;a name occurring
+in several places in the old Cherokee country, and variously spelled
+Eastinaulee, Eastinora, Estanaula, Eustenaree, Istanare, Oostanaula,
+Oostinawley, Ustenary, etc.</p>
+<p class="par">u&#699;stuti&mdash;see utsu&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Ustu&#699;tli&mdash;a traditional dangerous serpent. The
+name signifies having something on the calf of the leg or on the heel,
+from ustutun&#699;i &ldquo;(his) calf of the leg
+(attached).<span class="corr" id="xd23e9769" title=
+"Not in source">&rdquo;</span> It is applied also to the Southern
+hoop-snake.</p>
+<p class="par">Usunhi&#699;yi&mdash;the &ldquo;Darkening land,&rdquo;
+&ldquo;where it is always getting dark,&rdquo; as at twilight. The name
+used for the west in the myths and the sacred formulas; the common word
+is wude&#699;ligun&#699;yi, &ldquo;there where it (the sun) goes
+down.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">u&#699;tanu&mdash;great, fully developed. Cf.
+e&#699;gwa.</p>
+<p class="par">utawa&#699;hilu&mdash;&ldquo;hand breadth,&rdquo; from
+uwa&#699;yi, hand. A figurative term used in the myths and sacred
+formulas.</p>
+<p class="par">U&#699;tawagun&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;Bald place.&rdquo; A
+high bald peak in the Great Smoky range on the Tenn.-N. C. line,
+northeast from Big Pigeon river.</p>
+<p class="par">U&#699;tlun&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;He (or she) has it
+sharp,&rdquo; i. e., has some sharp part or organ; it might be used of
+a tooth, a finger-nail, or some other attached part of the body.</p>
+<p class="par">U&#699;tluntun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;U&#699;tlun&#699;ta
+place&rdquo;; see U&#699;tlun&#699;ta. A place on Little Tennessee
+river, nearly off Citico creek, in Blount county, Tenn.</p>
+<p class="par">U&#699;tsala&mdash;&ldquo;Lichen&rdquo;; another form of
+utsale&#699;ta. A Cherokee chief of Removal period in 1838.</p>
+<p class="par">utsale&#699;ta&mdash;lichen, literally &ldquo;pot
+scrapings,&rdquo; from a fancied resemblance. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb277" href="#pb277" name="pb277">277</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">utsa&#699;nati&#699;&mdash;rattlesnake; the name is of
+doubtful etymology, but is said to refer to the rattle.</p>
+<p class="par">Utsa&#699;nati&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Rattlesnake
+place.&rdquo; Rattlesnake springs, about two miles south from
+Charlestown, Bradley county, Tenn.</p>
+<p class="par">utset&#699;sti&mdash;&ldquo;he grins&rdquo;
+(habitually). See si&#699;kwa utset&#699;sti.</p>
+<p class="par">utsi&#699;&mdash;her (his) mother; etsi&#699;,
+agitsi&#699;, my mother.</p>
+<p class="par">Utsi&#699;dsata&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Corn-tassel,&rdquo;
+&ldquo;Thistle-head,&rdquo; etc. It is used as a masculine name, and
+was probably the Cherokee name of the chief of Revolutionary times,
+known as &ldquo;Old Tassel.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">utsu&#699;gi&mdash;the tufted titmouse (<i lang=
+"la">Parus bicolor</i>); also called u&#699;stuti&#699;, &ldquo;topnot,
+or tip,&rdquo; on account of its crest.</p>
+<p class="par">u&#699;tsuti&#699;&mdash;fish. Also, many.</p>
+<p class="par">Uwaga&#699;hi (commonly written
+Ocoee)&mdash;&ldquo;Apricot place,&rdquo; from uwa&#699;ga, the
+&ldquo;apricot vines,&rdquo; or &ldquo;maypop,&rdquo; (<i lang=
+"la">Passiflora incarnata</i>), and hi, locative. A former important
+settlement on Ocowe river, near its junction with Hiwassee, about the
+present Benton, in Polk county, Tenn.</p>
+<p class="par">uwa&#699;yi&mdash;hand, paw, generally used with the
+possessive suffix, as uwaye&#699;ni, &ldquo;his hand.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">uwe&#699;la&mdash;liver.</p>
+<p class="par">uwe&#699;nahi&mdash;rich; used also as a personal
+name.</p>
+<p class="par">Uw&#699;tsun&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;Bouncer&rdquo;
+(habitual); from k&#699;tsi, &ldquo;it is bouncing.&rdquo; A
+traditional serpent described as moving by jerks like a measuring worm,
+to which also the name is applied.</p>
+<p class="par">Uyahye&#699;&mdash;a high peak in the Great Smoky range,
+probably on the line between Swain county, N. C., and Sevier county,
+Tenn.</p>
+<p class="par">Uy&#699;gila&#699;gi&mdash;abbreviated from
+Tsuyu&#699;gila&#699;gi, &ldquo;where there are dams,&rdquo; i. e.,
+beaver dams; from gu&#699;gilu&#699;unsku&#699;, &ldquo;he is damming
+it.&rdquo; 1. A former settlement on <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb278" href="#pb278" name="pb278">278</a>]</span>Oothcaloga
+(Ougillogy) creek of Oostanaula river, near the present Calhoun, in
+Gordon county, Ga.; 2. Beaverdam creek, west of Clarksville, in
+Habbersham county, Ga.</p>
+<p class="par">Valleytown&mdash;see Gu&#699;nahitun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Vengeance creek&mdash;see Gansa&#699;ti&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Wachesa&mdash;see Watsi&#699;su.</p>
+<p class="par">wadan&#699;&mdash;thanks!</p>
+<p class="par">wa&#699;di&mdash;paint, especially red paint.</p>
+<p class="par">wa&#699;dige-aska&#699;li&mdash;&ldquo;his head (is)
+brown,&rdquo; i. e., &ldquo;brown-head&rdquo;; from wadige&#699;i,
+brown, brown-red, and aska&#699;li, head; the copperhead snake.</p>
+<p class="par">Wadi&#699;yahi&mdash;a feminine name of doubtful
+etymology. An expert basket-making woman among the East Cherokee, who
+died in 1895. She was known to the whites as Mrs. Bushyhead.</p>
+<p class="par">Wafford&mdash;see Tsuskwanun&#699;ta.</p>
+<p class="par">Wa&#699;ginsi&mdash;the name <span class="corr" id=
+"xd23e9846" title="Source: or">of</span> an eddy at the junction of
+Little Tennessee and the main Tennessee rivers at Lenoir, in London
+county, Tenn. The town is now known to the Cherokee by the same name,
+of which the meaning is lost.</p>
+<p class="par">waguli&#699;&mdash;whippoorwill; the name is an
+onomatope; the Delaware name is wekolis.</p>
+<p class="par">Wahnenauhi&mdash;see Wani&#699;nahi.</p>
+<p class="par">wa&#699;huhu&#699;&mdash;the screech-owl.</p>
+<p class="par">wa&#699;ka&mdash;cow; from the Spanish vaca, as is also
+the Creek waga and the Arapaho wakuch.</p>
+<p class="par">wala&#699;si&mdash;the common green frog.</p>
+<p class="par">Walasi&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;Frog place.&rdquo; 1. A
+former settlement, known to the whites as Frogtown, upon the creek of
+the same name, north of Dahlonega, in Lumpkin <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb279" href="#pb279" name=
+"pb279">279</a>]</span>county, Ga. 2. Le Conte and Bullhead Mountains
+in the Great Smoky range on the N. C.-Tenn. line, together with the
+ridge extending into Sevier county, Tenn., between the Middle and West
+forks of Little Pigeon river.</p>
+<p class="par">walas&#699;-unul&#699;sti&mdash;&ldquo;it fights
+frogs,&rdquo; from wala&#699;si, frog, and unul&#699;sti, &ldquo;it
+fights&rdquo; (habitually); gu&#699;lihu&#699;, &ldquo;I am
+fighting.&rdquo; The <i lang="la">Prosartes lanuginosa</i> plant.</p>
+<p class="par">Walas&#699;-unulstiyi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Place of the
+plant,&rdquo; walas&#699;-unul&#699;sti, commonly known to the whites
+as Fightingtown, from a translation of the latter part of a name; a
+former settlement on Fighting creek, near Morgantown, in Fannin county,
+Ga.</p>
+<p class="par">Walini&#699;&mdash;a feminine name, compounded from
+Wali, another form of Kwali, &ldquo;Polly,&rdquo; with a suffix added
+for euphony.</p>
+<p class="par">Wane&#699;-asun&#699;tlunyi&mdash;&ldquo;Hickory footlog
+place,&rdquo; from wane&#699;i, hickory, asun-tlun&#699;i (q. v.),
+footlog, bridge, and yi, locative. A former settlement, known to the
+whites as Hickory-log, on Etowah river, a short distance above Canton,
+in Cherokee county, Ga.</p>
+<p class="par">Wani&#699;nahi&#699;&mdash;a feminine name of uncertain
+etymology; the Wahnenauhi of the Wahnenauhi manuscript.</p>
+<p class="par">Washington&mdash;see Wa&#699;situ&#699;na.</p>
+<p class="par">Wa&#699;si&mdash;the Cherokee form for Moses.</p>
+<p class="par">Wa&#699;situ&#699;na, Wa&#699;suntu&#699;na (different
+dialect forms)&mdash;a Cherokee known to the whites as Washington, the
+sole survivor of a Removal tragedy. The name denotes a hollow log (or
+other cylindrical object) lying on the ground at a distance; the root
+of the word is asi&#699;ta, log, and the w prefix indicates
+distance.</p>
+<p class="par">Wa&#699;sulu&#699;&mdash;a large red-brown moth which
+flies about blossoming tobacco in the evening. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb280" href="#pb280" name="pb280">280</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Wata&#699;gi (commonly written Watauga, also Wataga,
+Wattoogee, Whatoga, etc.)&mdash;a name occurring in two or more towns
+in the old Cherokee country; one was an important settlement on Watauga
+creek of Little Tennessee river, a few miles below Franklin, in Macon
+county, N. C.; another was traditionally located at Watauga Old Fields,
+about the present Elizabethton on Wateuga river, in Carter county,
+Tenn. The meaning is lost.</p>
+<p class="par">Watau&#699;ga&mdash;see Wata&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">Watsi&#699;sa&mdash;a prominent old Cherokee, known to
+the whites as Wachesa, a name which cannot be translated, who formerly
+lived on Beaverdam creek of Hiwassee river, below Murphy, in Cherokee
+county, N. C. From the fact that the Unicoi turnpike passed near his
+place, it was locally known as Wachesa trail.</p>
+<p class="par">wa&#699;ya&mdash;wolf; an onomatope, an imitation of the
+animal&rsquo;s howl; cf. the Creek name, yaha.</p>
+<p class="par">Wa&#699;ya&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Wolf place,&rdquo; i.
+e., place of the Wolf clan; the form Ani&#699;Wa&#699;ya&#699;hi is not
+used. Wolftown settlement on upper Soco creek, on the East Cherokee
+reservation, in Jackson county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Waya Gap&mdash;see A&#699;tahi&#699;ta.</p>
+<p class="par">Wayeh&mdash;see Wayi.</p>
+<p class="par">Wayi&mdash;&ldquo;Pigeon&rdquo;; the modern Cherokee
+name for Big Pigeon river, in western N. C.; probably a translation of
+the English name. It appears also as Wayeh.</p>
+<p class="par">Welch, Lloyd&mdash;see Da&#699;si&#699;giya&#699;gi.</p>
+<p class="par">wesa&mdash;cat.</p>
+<p class="par">White-path&mdash;see Nunna&#699;hi-tsune&#699;ga.</p>
+<p class="par">Willstown&mdash;a former important settlement, so-called
+from the half-breed chief known to the whites as Red-headed Will, on
+Will&rsquo;s creek below Fort <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb281"
+href="#pb281" name="pb281">281</a>]</span>Payne, in Dekalb county, Ala.
+The settlement was frequently called from him Wili&#699;yi,
+&ldquo;Will&rsquo;s place,&rdquo; but this was not the proper local
+name.</p>
+<p class="par">Wilsini&#699;&mdash;The Cherokee name for H. W. Spray,
+agent and superintendent for the East Cherokee reservation; an
+adaptation of his middle name, Wilson.</p>
+<p class="par">Wil-usdi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Little Will,&rdquo; from
+Wili&#699;, Will and usdi&#699;ga or usdi&#699;, little. The Cherokee
+name for Colonel W. H. Thomas, for many years the recognized chief of
+the eastern band.</p>
+<p class="par">Wissactaw&mdash;see gahawi&#699;stia.</p>
+<p class="par">Wolftown&mdash;see Wa&#699;ya&#699;hi.</p>
+<p class="par">Wootassite&mdash;see Outacity.</p>
+<p class="par">Wrosetasatow&mdash;see Outacity.</p>
+<p class="par">Wude&#699;ligun&#699;yi&mdash;the west; literally
+&ldquo;there where it (the sun) goes down,&rdquo; (w prefixed implies
+distance, yi, locative). See also Usunhi&#699;yi and
+wusuhihun&#699;yi.</p>
+<p class="par">Wuliga&#699;natutun&mdash;excelling all others, either
+good or bad; it may be used as equivalent to wastun, &ldquo;beyond the
+limit.&rdquo;</p>
+<p class="par">wusuhihun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;there where they stay
+over night,&rdquo; i. e., &ldquo;the west.&rdquo; An archaic term used
+by the narrator of the story of Untsaiyi&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Xuala&mdash;see Ani-Suwa&#699;li.</p>
+<p class="par">ya&mdash;a suffix denoting principal or real, as
+tsiskwa&#699;ya, &ldquo;principal bird,&rdquo; the sparrow;
+Ani&#699;-Yunwiya&#699;, &ldquo;principal or real people,&rdquo;
+Indians.</p>
+<p class="par">Yahula&#699;li&mdash;&ldquo;Yahu&#699;la place,&rdquo;
+from Yuhu&#699;la, a Cherokee trader said to have been taken by the
+spirit people; Yahu&#699;la, seems to be from the Creek yoho&#699;lo, a
+name having reference to the song (yoholo), used in the &ldquo;black
+drink&rdquo; ceremony of the Creeks; thus <span class="pagenum">[<a id=
+"pb282" href="#pb282" name=
+"pb282">282</a>]</span>a&#699;si-yoho&#699;lo, corrupted into Osceola,
+signified &ldquo;the black drink song&rdquo;; it may, however, be a
+true Cherokee word, yahu&#699;lu or yahu&#699;li, the name for a
+variety of hickory, also for the &ldquo;doodle-bug&rdquo;;
+Unyahu&#699;la is a feminine name, but cannot be translated. Yahoola
+creek, near Dahlonega, in Lumpkin county, Ga.</p>
+<p class="par">Yala&#699;gi&mdash;Alarka creek of Little Tennessee
+river, above the junction of Tuckasegee, in Swain county, N. C.; the
+meaning of the name is lost.</p>
+<p class="par">yandaska&#699;ga&mdash;a faultfinder.</p>
+<p class="par">Yan-e&#699;gwa&mdash;&ldquo;Big-Bear,&rdquo; from yanu,
+bear, and egwa, great, large. A prominent chief about the year 1800;
+the name occurs in treaties as Yonah, Yohanaqua and Yonahequah.</p>
+<p class="par">ya&#699;nu&mdash;bear.</p>
+<p class="par">Ya&#699;nu-dinehun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where the bears
+live,&rdquo; from yanu, bear, dinehu&#699;, &ldquo;they dwell&rdquo;
+(e&#699;hu, &ldquo;I dwell, I live&rdquo;) and yi, locative. A place on
+Oconaluftee river, a short distance above the junction with Tuckasegee,
+in Swain county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Yanugun&#699;ski&mdash;&ldquo;the bear drowns him&rdquo;
+(habitually), from yanu, bear, and tsigun&#699;iska&#699;, &ldquo;I am
+drowning him.&rdquo; A noted East Cherokee chief, known to the whites
+as Yonaguska or Drowning-bear.</p>
+<p class="par">yan&#699;-utse&#699;stu&mdash;&ldquo;The bear lies on
+it&rdquo;; the shield fern (<i lang="la">Aspidium</i>).</p>
+<p class="par">Ya&#699;nu-u&#699;natawasti&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where
+the bears wash,&rdquo; (from yanu, bear, and yi, locative); a former
+pond in the Great Smoky Mountains, about the head of Raven Fork, in
+Swain county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Yawa&#699;i&mdash;&ldquo;Yawa place&rdquo;; a place on
+Yellow creek of Cheowa river, in Graham county, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par">Yellow-Hill&mdash;see Elawa&#699;diyi. <span class=
+"pagenum">[<a id="pb283" href="#pb283" name="pb283">283</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Yohanaqua&mdash;see Yan-e&#699;gwa.</p>
+<p class="par">yoho-o!&mdash;an unmeaning song refrain.</p>
+<p class="par">Yonaguska&mdash;see Ya&#699;nugun&#699;ski.</p>
+<p class="par">Yonah&mdash;1. (mountain) see Gadalu&#699;lu. 2. An
+abbreviated treaty form for the name of the chief Yana&#699;gwa.</p>
+<p class="par">Yonahequah&mdash;see Yan-e&#699;gwa.</p>
+<p class="par">Ytaua, Ytava&mdash;see I&#699;tawa&#699;.</p>
+<p class="par">Yu!&mdash;an unmeaning song refrain and
+interjection.</p>
+<p class="par">Yuha&#699;li&mdash;Euharlee creek, of lower Etowah
+river, in Bartow county, Ga. The name is said by the Cherokee to be a
+corruption of Yufala (Eufaula), a well known Creek local name.</p>
+<p class="par">yunsu&#699;&mdash;buffalo; cf. Creek yena&#699;sa,
+Choctaw yanash, Hichitee ya&#699;nasi.</p>
+<p class="par">Yunsa&#699;i&mdash;&ldquo;Buffalo place&rdquo;; West
+Buffalo creek of Cheowa river in Graham county, N. C.; the site of a
+former Cherokee settlement.</p>
+<p class="par">yun&#699;wi&mdash;person, man.</p>
+<p class="par">Yun&#699;wi
+Ama&#699;yine&#699;hi&mdash;&ldquo;Water-dwelling people,&rdquo; from
+yun&#699;wi, person, and ama&#699;yine&#699;hi, plural of
+amaye&#699;hi, q. v.; a race of water fairies.</p>
+<p class="par">Yun&#699;wi Gunahi&#699;ta&mdash;&ldquo;Long Man&rdquo;;
+a formulistic name for the river, personified as a man with his head
+resting on the mountain and his feet stretching down to the lowlands,
+who is constantly speaking to those who can understand the message.</p>
+<p class="par">Yun&#699;wini&#699;gisgi&mdash;&ldquo;man-eaters,&rdquo;
+literally, &ldquo;They eat people&rdquo; (habitually), from
+yun&#699;wi, person, man, and uni, giski, &ldquo;they eat<span class=
+"corr" id="xd23e9995" title="Not in source">&rdquo;</span>
+(habitually), from tsikiu&#699;, &ldquo;I am eating&rdquo;; the
+Cherokee name for a distant cannibal tribe, possibly the Atakapa or the
+Tonkawa. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb284" href="#pb284" name=
+"pb284">284</a>]</span></p>
+<p class="par">Yun&#699;wi-tsulenun&#699;yi&mdash;&ldquo;where man
+stood,&rdquo; originally yun&#699;wi-dikatagun&#699;yi, &ldquo;where
+the man stands,&rdquo; from <span class="corr" id="xd23e10001" title=
+"Source: Yun&#699;wi">yun&#699;wi</span>, person, man, tsita&#699;ga,
+&ldquo;I am standing,&rdquo; and yi, locative; Standing Indian, a high
+bald mountain at the head of Nantahala river, in Macon county, N.
+C.</p>
+<p class="par">Yun&#699;wi Tsunsdi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;little
+people,&rdquo; from yun&#699;wi, person, people, and tsunsdi&#699;ga or
+tsunsdi, plural of usdi&#699;ga or usdi&#699;, little; the Cherokee
+fairies.</p>
+<p class="par">Yun&#699;wi Usdi&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;little man.&rdquo; A
+formulistic name for ginseng, a&#699;tali-guli&#699;, q. v.</p>
+<p class="par">Yun&#699;wi-usga&#699;se&#699;ti&mdash;&ldquo;dangerous
+man, terrible man&rdquo;; a traditional leader in the westward
+migration of Cherokee.</p>
+<p class="par">Yun&#699;wiya&#699;&mdash;&ldquo;Indian,&rdquo;
+literally, &ldquo;principal or real person,<span class="corr" id=
+"xd23e10012" title="Source: &ldquo;">&rdquo;</span> from yun&#699;wi,
+person, and ya, a suffix denoting principal or real.</p>
+<p class="par">yu&#699;we-yuwehe&#699;&mdash;an unmeaning song
+refrain.</p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e10018width" id="p284-1"><img src=
+"images/p284-1.jpg" alt="High Falls, Buck Forest, N. C." width="644"
+height="484">
+<p class="figureHead">High Falls, Buck Forest, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;And it bounds full many a fathom</p>
+<p class="line">In its final furious fall.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<p class="par"></p>
+<div class="figure xd23e10032width" id="p284-2"><img src=
+"images/p284-2.jpg" alt="Melrose Falls, Tryon, N. C." width="642"
+height="483">
+<p class="figureHead">Melrose Falls, Tryon, N. C.</p>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<div class="q">
+<div class="body">
+<div class="lgouter">
+<p class="line">&ldquo;Plunges down deep in the gulches</p>
+<p class="line">Where the rocks are worn with age.&rdquo;</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+<p class="par"></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="back">
+<div class="transcribernote">
+<h2 class="main">Colophon</h2>
+<h3 class="main">Availability</h3>
+<p class="par first">This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no
+cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give
+it away or re-use it under the terms of the <a class="seclink xd23e43"
+title="External link" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/license" rel=
+"license">Project Gutenberg License</a> included with this eBook or
+online at <a class="seclink xd23e43" title="External link" href=
+"https://www.gutenberg.org/" rel="home">www.gutenberg.org</a>.</p>
+<p class="par">This eBook is produced by the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at <a class="exlink xd23e43" title="External link"
+href="http://www.pgdp.net/">www.pgdp.net</a>.</p>
+<h3 class="main">Encoding</h3>
+<p class="par first"></p>
+<h3 class="main">Revision History</h3>
+<ul>
+<li>2016-10-26 Started.</li>
+</ul>
+<h3 class="main">External References</h3>
+<p>This Project Gutenberg eBook contains external references. These
+links may not work for you.</p>
+<h3 class="main">Corrections</h3>
+<p>The following corrections have been applied to the text:</p>
+<table class="correctiontable" summary=
+"Overview of corrections applied to the text.">
+<tr>
+<th>Page</th>
+<th>Source</th>
+<th>Correction</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e3102">67</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Balsam Mountains.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e3127">67</a>,
+<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6434">137</a>, <a class="pageref" href=
+"#xd23e7976">215</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7981">215</a>,
+<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8208">223</a>, <a class="pageref" href=
+"#xd23e8841">245</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9108">253</a>,
+<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9769">276</a>, <a class="pageref" href=
+"#xd23e9995">283</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">&rdquo;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e3673">77</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Mount Pisgah.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e4020">83</a>,
+<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6326">129</a>, <a class="pageref" href=
+"#xd23e6947">170</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7181">186</a>,
+<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8753">242</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e4457">91</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Whiteside Mountain.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e5326">107</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Where the Serpent Coiled.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6374">132</a>,
+<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7273">192</a>, <a class="pageref" href=
+"#xd23e8615">237</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8833">245</a>,
+<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9105">253</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">&ldquo;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6493">139</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">ran</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6640">150</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">perferred</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">preferred</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6734">155</a>,
+<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6776">158</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Agan-unitsi</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Agan-uni-tsi</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6788">159</a>,
+<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6936">169</a>, <a class="pageref" href=
+"#xd23e7055">177</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7988">215</a>,
+<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8035">217</a>, <a class="pageref" href=
+"#xd23e8819">244</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9012">251</a>,
+<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9482">267</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">.</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">,</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e6869">165</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">law</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">lay</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7268">192</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Toh-kee-os-tee</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Tah-kee-os-tee</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7418">200</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">u</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">&ucirc;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7514">202</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">akwandu&rsquo;li</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">akwandu&#699;li</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7552">203</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">a&prime;netsa&#699;gi</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">anetsa&#699;gi</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7591">205</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">&rsquo;&rdquo;</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">&rdquo;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7738">210</a>,
+<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8122">220</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">)</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Deleted</i>]</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e7973">215</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Da</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Da&#699;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8119">220</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">stroke</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">strike</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8124">220</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">personfied</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">personified</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8164">222</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Yellow-hill</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Yellow-Hill</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8306">227</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Tsistu&rsquo;yi</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Tsistu&#699;yi</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8482">234</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">iya</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">i&#699;ya</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8486">234</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">iya&#699;-tawi&#699;skage</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">i&#699;ya&#699;-tawi&#699;skage</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8703">241</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">see</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8732">242</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Na ts-asun&#699;tlun</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Nats-asun&#699;tlun</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8790">243</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">&rdquo;</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">&ldquo;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8814">244</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">sen</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">sun</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e8979">250</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">.)</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9022">251</a>,
+<a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9231">258</a>, <a class="pageref" href=
+"#xd23e9493">268</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9511">268</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">)</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9189">257</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">tawi-skala</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">tawi&#699;skala</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9211">257</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">city</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">City</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9292">260</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Nicoliana</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Nicotiana</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9331">261</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Nanatahala</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Nantahala</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9419">265</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">tskili'</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">tskili&#699;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9535">269</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">(</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9689">273</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">ganelaski</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">gane&#699;laski</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9709">274</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">&rdquo; (</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">,&rdquo; &ldquo;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e9846">278</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">or</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">of</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e10001">284</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">Yun&#699;wi</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">yun&#699;wi</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd23e10012">284</a></td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">&ldquo;</td>
+<td class="width40 bottom">&rdquo;</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Occoneechee, by Robert Frank Jarrett
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