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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5919c3d --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #53231 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/53231) diff --git a/old/53231-0.txt b/old/53231-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 5dd8a88..0000000 --- a/old/53231-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5343 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Southern States, March, 1894, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: The Southern States, March, 1894 - An illustrated monthly magazine devoted to the South - -Author: Various - -Editor: William H. Edmonds - -Release Date: October 8, 2016 [EBook #53231] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SOUTHERN STATES, MARCH, 1894 *** - - - - -Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive) - - - - - -Transcriber’s Note: obvious printer’s errors have been repaired. - - - - - THE - SOUTHERN STATES. - - MARCH, 1894. - - [Illustration: THE FRENCH BROAD RIVER.] - - - - -SKY-LAND! - -_By James R. Randall._ - - -The late Judge William D. Kelley was an intensely practical man, and -so not given to rhapsody, but he has left on record that Western -North Carolina was the most beautiful country upon which his feet -or eyes ever rested. He had visited many lands and gazed upon many -transcendent panoramas unrolled by the Master of the Universe. He was -a loyal and devoted son of Pennsylvania, and enthusiastically loved -and admired her noble scenery, but when he beheld the unrivalled -majesty and picturesqueness of Western North Carolina, his honest -soul expanded with the prospect, and, in a burst of genuine candor, -he declared that never before had he looked upon a region at once so -sublime and entrancing. What Judge Kelley uttered has been, by many -other enthusiasts, repeated in varying phrase and similar tenor. It -is not called the Land of the Sky because of its altitude. There are -numerous localities that surpass it in this particular, but rather, -I think, because of a peculiar phenomenon of the region, where the -azure atmosphere that we call the skies descends, or seems to do so, -actually and magically upon the tree tops and mountain sides, so that -the dazzled spectator almost instinctively puts forth his hand to grasp -the mysterious panoply. When a child of earth is thus moved, as it -were, by heaven, with the blue ether glorified by sunlight, and the -alpine groups transformed in shape by fugitive clouds, no wonder his -mind becomes blissfully inebriated, his soul uplifted, and his senses -plumed to take wing from the solid globe that imprisons his feet. The -dullest fancy cannot resist the spell. - -The ardent, poetic temperament has a conditional foretaste of what -it is to escape the flesh envelope and assume spiritual alertness. -But it is not always thus that this gorgeous land presents itself. It -has moods of tremendous energy, and to make returning mildness more -alluring, as the cunning master of music intersperses rude chords in -his glorious melody, it veils the comely perfection of its face in a -storm of frowns, but only such as triumphant beauty can assume betimes. -Then the alpine cliffs are garmented with mist, while the Hyder Ali of -Cloud Land poises on the declivities, concentrated with black wrath, -before rushing down in fragmentary battalions upon the plains below. -But there is no ravage. The little hut of the inhabitant remains -unscathed, still emitting from its rough chimney a curling smoke, and -the lordly mansion, perched on some aspiring peak, stands steadfast, -while the fairy maiden shrined there playfully dabbles her white -fingers in the foam of the upper deep. From the dark canopy of the -great giant of the Smoky range leaps the live lightning, and a thunder -roll bellows or crackles or mutters in a myriad strange defiles, but -we know that behind this lowering front, hinting of God’s smile behind -the tempest, our winsome Lady of the Sky is laughing still, with the -spring in her brilliant eyes, and the wild flowers, smitten by sunshine -in her golden hair. Anon, as the seasons are made mutable, another -phase is disclosed. The air grows cold as if in the clutch of some -Siberian intruder, and feathery flakes pour down their “snow storm of -stars,” and the mighty monsters of the mountain world yield placidly -to their chill, pallid cerements, but we feel that this is one of our -enchanter’s displays of infinite variety, and that our spirits are held -in thrall for another transformation. And what a valiant exaltation -the chill breath of the ozone-ladened breeze fixes in our blood, and -what roses in our cheeks! How we dominate with resistless stride the -pedestrian paths, or how we credit the fable of the Centaur, when, in -the fervor of environment, we partake of the joy and very existence of -the nimble steed we have bestrode adventurously! In other climes and -with other surroundings we have felt languor, or dullness, or restive -incapacity, but here, with the potent inspiration of the panorama -and the atmosphere, our whole being bounds with daring briskness and -mastering activity. In the overwhelming sense of powerful forces put -in play, we do not ask if life be worth living, but thank God that we -are alive and filled with the alchemy of Sky Land. When these agencies -react and demand the unbent bow, we lounge, it may be on the porches -of the grand hotel, with eyes restful upon Pisgah and the enormous -petrifaction of the rat that never budges from its lair. Perchance, -with appetite made robust and undeniable, we attack the toothsome -repast provided, but ever and anon we glance through the big windows -at the splendid pictures beyond, as if we were afraid that some stray -expression of the amphitheatre would escape us unaware. We stroll, -happy and satisfied, to the piazza, and loll in an easy chair, puffing -at pipe or cigar, but never ceasing to confront admiringly the scenes -that intoxicated us from the first. The sun has driven its fiery, -glowing chariot beyond the vast barrier of loam and basalt, but left -a sparkling, glowing, radiant wake behind. The clouds are blushing -like traditional brides, and the sorcerer of the sky has grouped them -among shining lakes and islands and the watching perspective that -this inimitable artist alone can fashion and dissolve. You presently -understand how the poet merely revealed what he had seen when Night -dropped her crimson mantle and pinned it with a star. And it was no -exaggeration when the grim Carlyle bade us witness how Bootes drags his -reluctant dogs in a leash of sidereal fire, or how mailed Orion flames -his plumes ’mid bright-battalioned planets. As the mystic dusk robes -the familiar scenery with a pall, we hear the insect world, if it be -the proper season, conversing in a thousand tongues, startled anon by -the shrill cry of a night bird, and possibly we wonder if the momentary -shadow on the orb of the moon was the vagrant pinion of Minerva’s -bird, or the flashing stroke of the eagle, put to flight from his -eyry slumber. Then the vision fades, and some drowsy sprite, circling -in the atmosphere, infects us with somnolency. We cannot resist it, -unless perchance strong coffee or some such insidious decoction has -violated, for a time, the blessed ministering of sleep that men, who -have betrayed or lost it, would give millions to enjoy. We move to our -apartment in amiable indolence, and hardly has our head touched the -inviting pillow when we reach that condition wherein, as Lew Wallace -says, even the wicked cease to sin. And if we have scientifically and -rationally allowed the wholesome air to enter a little at the top and -a little at the bottom of our window, what slumber we enjoy, unless we -have deliberately assailed and violated every law conducive to repose! -We know that while we rest no noxious thing can enter our lungs, but -the pure, sweet, invigorating wind from the heights is visiting our -whole system and repairing what other atmospheres may have put in -peril. What a blessing, after such refreshment, to rise in the earlier -morning and prayerfully go to the window for another glance at the -wonderland that has made us a willing prisoner to its enticements! We -salute the mountains as loyal friends, and they, after a vogue of their -own, appear to reciprocate our salute. They, too, appear renovated -with the dews of night, and their variegated vestments glitter with -adornment. The fascinating curves of the French Broad river cleave -the landscape, and the swift, clear tide laves the feet of the giant -peaks, whose fertile valleys, smiling it may be with agricultural -abundance, betoken that this is a fertile as well as a grand and -attractive region. How that fine farm called Tahkeostee projects itself -like an immense backbone upon the undulating piedmont, and how you -scheme about the happiness of a proprietor who holds the title to such -a domain! But you need a nearer view, and, as all manner of vehicles -or horses are at disposal, you take an excursion there, crossing the -railway track and handsome bridge to emerge upon a firm country road. -You look back, and the prospect is brave with splendid hotels, villas -of all manner of architecture, and the city of Asheville, which, -because chiefly of the tourist travel, is rapidly taking rank with the -first cities of the State, by manufacturing, by drainage and by the -discovery that all of the pure air on earth cannot make amends for -water contamination. And so, with generous, innocent fountain sources -everywhere at the bidding of man, Asheville and all Western Carolina -have nothing to crave for in the way of physical health and happiness. - -[Illustration: VIEWS NEAR ASHEVILLE.] - -Wooed by the spirit of adventure, you spur your horse higher and -higher up the ascent, and find that some rich man has fixed his abode -in more or less of grandeur atop the alpine plateau, and you look -down upon humbler mountains and far away into the vista, where the -locomotive is pushing its path from Henderson, or it may be Hickory -Gap. Descending the road you follow along the bright, rippling stream, -passing habitations of various kinds, now rude or humble, and now -comfortable or charming. At last you reach a spot that the poet Moore -would have raved about in undying song, for it is worthy of any singer, -who, however tuneful, might well despair of bringing justice to the -realm of so much beauty. The dwelling there is not a palace, but -evidently the abode of taste and wealth. The garden is what you have -dreamed about, when young and addicted to Lalla Rookh. What a wealth -of flowers and how artistically displayed! The air is perfumed all -about this fairy kingdom and you instinctively look askance for the -apparition of Prince Charming, or the Fair One with the Golden Locks. -The Prince I have not seen, but the Fair One was visible and, with her -guidance, I am permitted, in a luxurious nook, to scan the surrounding -glories. There is no other just such site for perfect habitation, for -it is at the meeting of the waters, which glisten far below. Here the -impetuous French Broad rushes to the embrace of the gentle Swannanoa, -and here their mingled tides laughingly and pellucidly hasten to kiss -the awaiting and absorbing sea. The mountains are marshalled on dress -parade in one mighty ring around this centre of loveliness, and the -dream you have fallen voluntarily into is only dissolved, and not -unpleasantly, by the matter-of-fact tracks of steel that glisten at the -base of the hill, and the snorting or clanging or whistling engine that -plunges, with its train, toward the station, which is now, by local -significance, well known as the place where our modern Kubla Khan, Mr. -George Vanderbilt, must alight to visit the matchless pleasure dome -he has decreed on the heights beyond the summer lodge of the Fair One -with the Golden Locks, where, in imagination, we are now spectator. -It is needless to repeat how much Mr. Vanderbilt has spent or will -continue to spend upon what fame heralds as the most complete and -magnificent estate owned by any private gentlemen, and one that few -royal personages could obtain. Without summing up the oft-repeated and -dry statistics of the dimension of his residence, out-houses, stables, -barns and acres, it is enough to understand that, after the method of -another marvelous man who has metamorphosed St. Augustine, unstinted -opulence and modern art have met for material transformation. No -amount of money could reproduce the natural splendor of the location, -but science and skill and Aladdin’s lamp, which is ready money and a -superabundance of it, can rear castles and improve grounds in a way to -be worthy of such scenes of Arcadian majesty and beauty all around. -It speaks well for the rich young man, who is highly educated, most -accomplished, and a lover of literature in all of its development, -while kind and gentle and benignant, that he should have determined -upon this place of all the places in the world to rear his incomparable -home and be a veritable monarch of much that he surveyed, though not -all. And yet, having once had vision of this alluring sphere, it would -be indeed a source of astonishment if it failed to exercise upon him -the sorcery I so feebly portray. The fancy takes flight and pictures -to itself what may be the result of such a scheme. Will he, when -the palace is completed and everything exhausted to fashion it as -he aspired, be any more content than he was before? Will he abandon -the mighty Babylon of the East and abide at his gorgeous Southern -hermitage, with its imperial setting? Will he simply flit there, from -time to time, and, at other seasons, leave his domain, like a haunted -palace, a stupendous show-place or proverbial folly? Will he settle -there, and perchance wed the Fair One with the Golden Locks, becoming -racy of the soil of the Old North State, dispensing joy, hospitality, -munificence and rational bounty? Will he, having more than emulated the -author of Vathek in construction, live, like Beckford, to behold the -ruin of his aspiration? But what is the use of tossing these gilded -juggler balls in the air of imagination, and making inquiries of that -future which does not belong to any mortal? Suffice it practically, -that young Mr. Vanderbilt has appreciated the South, yielded homage to -her natural magnetism, and made his deeds speak louder than words of -praise. Let us take for granted that he will never weary of his designs -and that Providence has in store for him and his surroundings special -and exceptional benedictions. - -Adjacent to Mr. Vanderbilt’s principality are the grounds of the -Kenilworth Inn, which would have delighted Amy Robsart and disarmed -her enemies. Never did British beauty of any country preceding this -command, even at the hands of royalty, so many comforts as the -Kenilworth lavishly displays for the delectation of the most exacting -creature. When this is said, what need of multiplying words or -measuring with yard-sticks the magnificence of the various compartments -of the house or its broad baronial park? Unless you are impervious to -all enticement, you will be impelled to see these marvels through your -own eyes and then compare your impressions with mine. - -Perhaps you who visit Western North Carolina find instinct within you -some of the fiery blood of Orion or Nimrod or Buffalo Bill, and wish -to exercise it in the slaughter of beasts and birds. Well, with your -improved weapon, with all modern lethal devices, in dear old clothes -that are already creased in the seams and baggy at the knees, you -may, with the rugged father of Esmeralda, or one of her tough, nimble -brothers, follow the black bear to his cave or track partridges, -grouse or squirrels to their leafy haunts, and make them acquainted -with death or anguish. You may, even without having conned the pages -of Isaak Walton, be impassioned for snaring diplomatic and pugnacious -trout, with an insect engendered by the artificer or with the native -minnow; and, if so, your selection of streams will be easy and your -game-bag should be bulging with trophies when you homeward wend your -way, with appetite of a ploughman for the fare of a French chef who has -been beguiled by Col. Coxe as the presiding genius of his kitchen and -larder. And the Colonel will, after supper, make merry with you, as -becomes an elegant gentleman, who has carried his accomplishments all -over the world, and who laughingly declares that he is “the only man -extant who was killed on both sides during the war.” He had possessions -at the North and South, and his respective substitutes were among the -unreturning brave. So, by proxy, he was slain twice, and yet is still -alive to the gratification of a host of friends and admirers. You will -be sure to get an invitation from him to drive, with a jocund company -of both sexes, in his tally-ho-coach, which is as well appointed as -any in the land, and it is a memorable thing to see him handle the -ribbons over four thoroughbreds that were nurtured on bluest and most -succulent of Kentucky grass. A drive with Colonel Coxe and such ladies -and gentlemen as he groups around him is an experience that you will -fondle, some day, when business or a kindred commonplace tie fetters -you to a dull or smoky town. You will then comprehend that poor girl, a -rustic heroine and living martyr, when she could forgive the miserable -man who had repaid her with ingratitude and desertion, but could not -divine how, though he left her, he could leave “The Mountings.” - -[Illustration: MOUNT MITCHELL--6700 FEET ABOVE THE SEA.] - -In a rollicking mood you may venture to pay a pop-call on Bill Nye, -who, though he pokes perfunctory, periodical fun at the Sky Land, -clings to it, when he can, like a fellow does to his skin, and, in -serious interludes, loves even its occasionally disreputable roads, -which are, at any rate, picturesque and informal. He may escort you -to a friend’s place of concealment, the den of “the chemist,” the -alchemist of moonshine whiskey, warranted, no doubt, to kill at three -hundred yards. I have always pitied these proscribed brethren, the -victims of our internal, or what no less a person than Thomas Jefferson -is credited with denominating “infernal” law. The moonshiner naturally -has as much right to boil his fruit or grain into spirits as the farmer -has to put hominy hot in the caldron, but the law places a negative -upon his claim, and fosters and pampers the trusts that so much trouble -the Democratic conscience, but are ingeniously utilized to pay pensions -or run the government. So the mountain chemist is given to hiding and, -at times, when hunted too persistently, to shooting his pursuers. This -is all wrong, because unlawful, but it is hard to instruct the grey -matter of his brain on such subjects. It is grewsome to see these -lank, leathery, unkempt, semi-barbarous brethren brought into court -with manacles on their limbs and summarily consigned to doleful exile -in distant dungeons. You will, when you see them and their wives and -their progeny, wonder how such a country can produce such specimens -of humanity, but it is easily understood when explanation is at hand. -In that region are reared the best of cattle, sheep, poultry and -fruits, but the moonshiner disdains them. He prefers, or habit and -poverty compel him to prefer, soggy, hot biscuit, excessive coffee, -cadaverous, greasy bacon, assassinated in a frying pan. He drinks too -much of his own fiery decoction and too little of the salubrious water -that leaps, gushes and sparkles on every hand. If one could capture -young moonshiner girls and boys, feed them on civilized diet, girdle -them with proper comfort, garment them decently, treat them amiably -and educate them wholesomely, the transformation would be thorough, -startling and supreme. It would be an object lesson conveying its own -moral, and this would be the evolution of many Esmeraldas off the mimic -stage, and many a sturdy, comely, valiant, intellectual man, who might -succeed in the Senate such typical Carolinians as Vance and Ransom. - -Speaking of Vance, if you loitered in Sky Land, in midsummer, you -might make your way to Gombroon, his highland roost, and be sure of an -old-fashioned welcome. No man has a heartier nature and no man is more -of an adorer, so to speak, of Western North Carolina. He would tell -you characteristic anecdotes of his wonderful career and hold you, as -the ancient mariner did the wedding guests, with wit and wisdom, such -as Master Coleridge never “dreamt of in his philosophy.” So you would -understand from him what potent possibilities this clime possesses, and -how from the very elements there is distilled a subtle essence that -holds in solution the formation of noble men and beautiful women. - -If, for instance, you had an agreeable, harmonious company of friends -and acquaintances at Battery Park Hotel, and longed for an ideal trip, -not too long, and which would entertainingly add to your stock of -enchantment, I doubt not that Mr. McKissick, who is young and genial -and intelligent, as becomes a cavalier South Carolinian and manager of -a great caravanserai, would suggest a trip to the Hot Springs, which, -by rail, is not many miles away. If you could prevail upon McKissick -to join your party, it would be an accentuated treat, for he has been -an ardent, expert, accomplished newspaper man, and is bubbling over -with high health and fresh humor. This maroon is altogether delicious. -From the car window you get rapid but incessantly changing views of the -French Broad, which, crossed and recrossed and paralleled, is never -out of sight. It is mild and clear flowing; it is turbulent, swift -and vocal; it is free from impediment; it is vexed with rapids and -frustrated with boulders as if a battle of Titans had been contested -to stormy demolition; it is always charming. The time consumed in the -passage has never for an instant tormented you, and even the most -voluble talker is content to let his tongue “keep Sunday”--as an old -darkey said--in the presence of this water course which descends in -glory through the mountain defiles. These mountains enclose you, but -they are not like their Swiss family bare and bleak and tawny, but -lush with emerald foliage or cultivated to their very brows. The -Mountain Park Hotel at Hot Springs, like all first-class establishments -hereabout, is equipped sumptuously. It has miles of piazzas. It nestles -in a happy valley. The river runs hard by, and, at this point, is -narrow but energetic. It is a cold stream, but here, a few feet from -the surface, hot fountains are latent, and any positive disturbance -of the earth-crust is followed by vaporous exhalations. The baths are -seductive, the more so, perhaps, because you are immersed in dazzling -marble tanks and the liquid purrs you like velvet in motion. You can -drink vast quantities of this fluid for it has amazing lightness and -makes a delicate stomach feel “like a gentleman.” Wondrous tales are -told of its curative faculties, and I take for granted that a rheumatic -or dyspeptic man or woman soon gets ashamed, in such ablution and -bibulation, of racking muscles and azure imps. By what volcanic agency -this phenomenon occurs we can only conjecture. The probability is that -the central fires are nearer than usual to the surface, or that the -boiling waters that can ordinarily be reached by hard, pertinacious -mining toil, thousands of feet deep, find here some propulsion and -channel of their own and need only a touch to make them disclose their -virtues. If they do not “create a spirit under the ribs of death,” -they spur on an appetite that may have lost all zest, and when a man is -impatient for his meals and partakes of them with satisfaction, disease -has small hold upon him. - -[Illustration: THE SWANNANOA.] - -One of the weird sights of this region is a mountain fire. On a dark -night such conflagrations are, of course, more spectacular, and when -belts of flame cover large areas and are detached fiercely from one -another, the resemblance to Kilauea, the burning lake of the Sandwich -Island, is startling. In these days of Hawaiian perturbation and -discussion one could easily imagine that he was in the Eden Isle of the -Pacific ocean, and might look for dusky maidens darting by on horseback -with red hybiscus flowers blushing in their lustrous black hair. - -This enchanted region is reached by the Richmond & Danville railroad, -whose lines furnish approach also to many other places in the alpine -location of South Carolina and Georgia that merit equal attention -with these scenes so imperfectly described or sketched from memory. -Cæsar’s Head, near Greenville, is a genuine curiosity, and even the -old European or Rocky Mountain traveller admits that the prospect from -this precipitous elevation is awesome and inspirational. At the old -town of Clarksville, in North Georgia, the scenery is transcendent. -Once you have seen Mount Yonah you will never forget it, and when will -ever fade from your recollection the prodigious carving, by witchery in -distant perspective, of the Cherokee chief stretched gigantically upon -his sky-line bier? From the porches of Roseneath villa you best discern -this strange conformation. There he extends, in tremendous dimensions, -graven on the horizon, a distinct and spectral Indian shape, with -drooping plumes. The people thereabout know him familiarly as -Skiahjagustah. You may, in quest of gold, for the region is full of it, -seek to penetrate this mysterious personage, but he will vanish as you -approach him, transformed to common rock and tree and shrub, and yet -reappear by enchantment when you go back to Roseneath and summon him -from beyond the Soquee river. Here asthma has no clutch and rheumatism -ceases to torment. A German workman came here crippled from New Jersey, -and presently grew perfectly well in this climate. He is busily at work -in wood and iron in a shop of his own, and happy in possession of a -little farm, which has a famous vineyard like unto those which gem the -banks of the Rhine or Moselle. - -Just beyond Clarksville is one of the most beautiful valleys in all -this world--the Vale of Nacoochee--with Yonah dominating the fertile -plain, and the upper Chattahoochee river purling around it. Here the -mound builders of the continent had cherished habitation, and here -they left monumental signs of their existence. Here the Cherokee -loved to dwell, and just on the banks of the river and circumjacent -to the mound, where clover and corn attain exceptional proportions, -is a cemetery fat with Indian death. From Clarksville to Toccoa and -Tallulah Falls is a mere jaunt of an hour or so. But why attempt to -portray the graceful cascade and the terrible torrent? Ben Perley -Poore, who had roamed in many lands and had adoration of all sights -of nature of a high and exceptional kind, once told me that after all -of his wanderings the scenes that lingered longest and fondest in his -memory were those around Clarksville and Tallulah. Oh, you must see for -yourself the unrivalled Georgia waterfall, with its tremendous chasm -and precipitous descent, not in one roar of waters, but by successive -leaps and bounds and plunges, alternately divided in swirling pools -before dashing headlong down to the palpitating plain. Each fall is -distinct in itself and of varied fury, as you will perceive either -from the brink of the abyss or in touch with the vital torrent. This, -too, is the Sky Land--glorious land--and here, in the coming time, as -elsewhere in the alpine region of the South, many thousands will come -ecstatically. St. Augustine waited long for a Flagler and Asheville -for a Coxe, but they came in the ripeness of time and amazingly well -did they perform the work appointed for them. If some men like these -should, in their opulence, propose to magnify Clarksville, Nacoochee -and Tallulah, what new splendors will come to the Land of the Sky, and -what blessings will be lavished upon thousands of human beings who only -need to know the South to love it, and who are beckoned back to health -and strength and happiness where - - “Far, vague and dim, - The mountains swim.” - - - - -THE SOUTH BEFORE THE WAR. - -_By Richard H. Edmonds._ - - -I. - -In order to understand and appreciate the progress made by the South -during the last ten years it is necessary to know something of its -condition prior to the war and immediately after that disastrous -struggle. “The New South,” a term which is so popular everywhere -except in the South, is supposed to represent a country of different -ideas and different business methods from those which prevailed in -the old ante-bellum days. The origin of the term has been a subject -of much discussion, but the writer has rarely seen it ascribed to -what he believes to have been the first use of it. During the war the -harbor and town of Port Royal, S. C., were in the possession of the -Northern forces, and while they were stationed there a paper called -“The New South” was established by Mr. Adam Badeau, who was afterwards -General Grant’s secretary. This was probably the first time that the -term was applied to the Southern States. Its use now, as intended to -convey the meaning that the progress of the South of late years is -something entirely new and foreign to this section, something which -has been brought about by an infusion of outside energy and money -is wholly unjust to the South of the past and present. It needs but -little investigation to show that prior to the war the South was -fully abreast of the times in all business interests, and that the -wonderful industrial growth which it has made since 1880 has been -mainly due to Southern men and Southern money. The South heartily -welcomes the investment of outside capital and the immigration of -all good people, regardless of their political predilections, but it -insists that it shall receive from the world the measure of credit -to which it is entitled for the accomplishments of its own people. -In the rehabilitation of the South after the war Southern men led -the way. Out of the darkness that enveloped this section until 1876 -they blazed the path to prosperity. They built cotton mills and iron -furnaces and demonstrated the profitableness of these enterprises. -Southern men founded and built up Birmingham, which first opened the -eyes of the world to the marvellous mineral resources of that section, -and to Southern men is due the wonderful progress of Atlanta, one of -the busiest and most thriving cities in the United States. When the -people of the South had done this then Northern capitalists, seeing the -opportunities for money-making, turned their attention to that favored -land. - -The Southern people do not lack in energy or enterprise, nor did -they prior to 1860. Since the formation of this government they -have demonstrated in every line of action, in political life, on -the battlefield, in literature, in science and in great business -undertakings, that in any sphere of life they are the peers of the -most progressive men in the world. From the settlement of the colonies -until 1860 the business record proves this. After 1865 the conditions -had been so completely changed that the masses lacked opportunity, and -to that alone was due their seeming want of energy. The population was -largely in excess of the number required to do all of the work that -was to be done. At least one-half of the whole population was without -employment, for the war had destroyed nearly all the manufacturing -interests that had been in existence; agriculture was almost the only -source of work for the masses. With no consumers for diversified farm -products it would have been folly to raise them. Cotton and cotton -alone was the only crop for which a ready market could be found, and it -was also the only crop which could be mortgaged in advance of raising -for the money needed for its cultivation. - -The Northern farmer is enterprising. He raises fruits and vegetables -and engages in dairying and kindred enterprises because he has a home -market for these things. The Southern farmer had none and could not -create one. He might deplore his enforced idleness when he saw his -family in want, but that would not bring him buyers for his eggs or -chickens or fruit when there was no one in his section to consume -them. The almost unlimited amount of work for the mechanics and day -laborers generally at the North enabled every man to find something to -do. In the South there was almost an entire absence of work of this -character. Men hung around the village stores because there was no work -to be had which would yield them any returns. With the development of -manufactures there came a great change. The opportunity for work had -come, and the way in which the people who had hitherto been idlers -rushed to the factories, the furnaces, and wherever employment could be -secured demonstrated that they only needed the chance to prove their -energy. - -The greatest blessing that industrial activity has brought to the South -is that it is daily creating new work for thousands of hitherto idle -hands, and creating a home market wherever a furnace or a factory is -started for the diversified products of the farm. The latent energy of -the people has been stimulated into activity, and the whole South is at -work. - -But to fully understand the South in its relation to business matters, -it is necessary to study its business history before the war had -brought about a degree of poverty which has no equal in modern history. - -In the early part of this century, and even before then, the South led -the country in industrial progress. Iron making became an important -industry in Virginia, in the Carolinas and in Georgia, and Richmond, -Lynchburg and other cities were noted for the extent and variety of -their manufactures. Washington’s father was extensively interested -in iron making, and Thomas Jefferson employed a number of his slaves -in the manufacture of nails. South Carolina was so imbued with the -industrial spirit that, about the beginning of the Revolution, the -State government offered liberal premiums to all who would establish -iron works. By the census of 1810 the manufactured products of the -Carolinas and Georgia exceeded in value and variety those of all -New England combined. The South Carolina Railway, from Charleston -to Hamburg, built by the people of South Carolina, was the leading -engineering accomplishment of its day, not only in this country, but of -the world. Greater than this, however, was the road projected by Robert -Y. Hayne, of Charleston, to connect Charleston and Cincinnati, and thus -make the former city the exporting and importing port for the great -West. Unfortunately for the South Hayne was sent to the United States -Senate, and the growing sectional bitterness, because of slavery, so -completely absorbed his attention that his great railroad undertaking -had to be abandoned. - -The stimulation given to the cultivation of cotton by the introduction -of the gin and the extension of slavery, with the liberal profits in -cotton cultivation, as prices ruled high for most of the time from 1800 -on to 1840, caused a concentration of capital and energy in planting. -But between 1840 and 1850 there were several years of low prices, and -attention was once more directed to industrial pursuits. The decade -ending with 1860 witnessed a very marked growth in Southern railroad -and manufacturing interests, but there was no decline in the steady -advance that was making the South one of the richest agricultural -sections of the world. During this time railroad building was very -actively pushed, and the South constructed 7562 miles of new road, -against 4712 by the New England and Middle States combined. In 1850 -the South had 2335 miles of railroad, and the New England and Middle -States 4798 miles; by 1860 the South had increased its mileage to 9897 -miles, a quadrupling of that of 1850, while the New England and Middle -States had increased to 9510 miles, or a gain of only about 100 per -cent. In 1850 the mileage of the two Northern sections exceeded that -of the South by 2463 miles. The conditions were reversed by 1860, -and the South then led by 387 miles. In the decade under review the -South expended, according to official figures, over $220,000,000 in -the extension of its railroads, the great bulk of this having been -local capital. This activity was not confined to any one State, but -covered the whole South, and every State made a rapid increase in its -mileage. In Virginia there was an increase from 515 to 1771 miles; the -two Carolinas gained from 537 to 1876 miles; Georgia from 643 to 1404; -Florida from 21 to 401; Alabama from 132 to 743; Mississippi from 75 -to 872; Louisiana from 79 to 334, and Kentucky from 78 to 569. Neither -Texas, Arkansas nor Tennessee had a single mile of railroad in 1850, -but in 1860 Tennessee had 1197 miles, showing remarkable activity in -construction during the decade, while Texas had 306 miles, and Arkansas -38. - -The percentage of increase in population in the South from 1850 to -1860, even including the slaves, was 24 per cent., while in the rest -of the country, the gain due largely to immigration, of which the -South received none, was 42 per cent. Yet from 1850 to 1860 the South -increased its railroad mileage 319 per cent., while in the rest of the -country the gain was only 234 per cent. The South had one mile of road -in 1860 to every 700 white inhabitants; the other sections all combined -had one mile to every 1000 inhabitants. Thus counting the whites only, -the South led the country in its railroad mileage per capita, and if -the slaves be included, the South still stood on a par with the country -at large in per capita railroad mileage. - -While devoting great attention to the building of railroads, the -South also made rapid progress during the decade ending with 1860 in -the development of its diversified manufactures. The census of 1860 -shows that in 1850 the flour and meal made by Southern mills was worth -$24,773,000, and that by 1860 this had increased to $45,006,000, a -gain of $20,000,000, or nearly one-fourth of the gain in the entire -country, and a much greater percentage of gain than in the country -at large, notwithstanding the enormous immigration into the Western -grain-producing States during that period. The South’s sawed and planed -lumber product of 1860 was $20,890,000 against $10,900,000 in 1850, -this gain of $10,000,000 being largely more than one-third as much as -the gain in all other sections combined, although even counting in the -slaves the South had less than one-third of the country’s population. - -The advance in iron founding was from $2,300,000 in 1850, to $4,100,000 -in 1860, a gain of $1,800,000, a very much larger percentage of -increase than in the whole country. In the manufacture of steam engines -and machinery the gain in all of the country except the South was -$15,000,000, while the gain in the South was $4,200,000, the increase -in one case being less than 40 per cent, and in the other over 200 -per cent. Cotton manufacturing had commenced to attract increased -attention, and nearly $12,000,000 were invested in Southern cotton -mills. In Georgia especially this industry was thriving, and between -1850 and 1860 the capital so invested in that State nearly doubled. -It is true that most of the Southern manufacturing enterprises were -comparatively small, but so were those of New England in their -early stages. The South’s were blotted out of existence by the war; -New England’s were made enormously prosperous, justifying a steady -expansion in size, by the same war. In the aggregate, however, the -number of Southern factories swelled to very respectable proportions, -the total number in 1860 having been 24,590, with an aggregate capital -invested of $175,100,000. - -A study of the facts which have been presented should convince anyone -that the South in its early days gave close attention to manufacturing -development, and that while later on the great profits in cotton -cultivation caused a concentration of the capital and energy of that -section in farming operations, yet, after 1850, there came renewed -interest in industrial matters, resulting in an astonishing advance in -railroad construction and in manufactures. But this is only a small -part of the evidence available to conclusively prove the great energy -and enterprise of the six and a half million white people who inhabited -the South. - -(_To be Continued._) - -[Illustration] - - - - -AN AMERICAN ITALY. - -_By Erwin Ledyard._ - - -The Southern States of the Union have received only a small proportion -of the tide of immigration that has flowed into this country during -the last half century, and especially during the last twenty-five -years, swelling the population of new commonwealths, causing towns to -spring up, like Aladdin’s palace, in a night, and giving to cities a -growth phenomenal and marvelous. It is not the purpose of this article -to inquire why this has been the case; it is sufficient to state a -fact that is indisputable. During the past decade the people of these -Southern States have turned their attention seriously to the question -of attracting immigration, and thus increasing their industrial -importance and utilizing some portion of the immense tracts of land -now lying idle. Books and pamphlets descriptive of the climate, soil, -products, and resources of the different States have been published, -conventions have been held, and agents have been appointed. The -results of these efforts are now beginning to be seen. The number of -foreign settlers in the South is steadily increasing, and the class -of immigrants coming into the section is, generally speaking, a most -desirable one. They are men of sufficient intelligence to think and act -for themselves, and to leave the beaten paths that have been followed -by most of their compatriots. - -For a number of years the Irish were the most numerous class of -immigrants that came to the South. They settled for the most part in -the cities, and, as they have done elsewhere, early exhibited great -aptitude for politics, and much inclination for municipal offices. For -the most part they were useful and patriotic citizens, taking a deep -interest in public affairs and thriving in their various vocations. -Then came the Germans, also industrious, and more thrifty than -their Celtic predecessors. They also, with few exceptions, became -inhabitants of cities. Caring less for the machinery and minutiæ of -politics than either Americans or Irish, they devoted a large portion -of their leisure time to social relaxation, and to musical and dramatic -societies, and taught native as well as foreign born citizens the -useful lesson that a moderate use of wine and beer would give much more -rational enjoyment than an immoderate use of spirits, and would leave -no headache afterwards. - -During all this time, extending to some eight or ten years ago, few -immigrants coming into the South settled in the country. Some may -have realized that “God made the country but man made the town,” but -few felt like venturing into what was _terra incognita_ to them, a -region where, in their opinion, the negroes were the only people that -ploughed, hoed and planted, and where they would be compelled to -compete with that class of labor. More is now known about the South, -and the fact that white men in that section have for years been working -small farms by their own individual labor is now fully recognized, -and in Texas and other Southern States citizens of foreign birth have -turned their attention to tilling the soil. The tide of immigration no -longer spends itself when it reaches the cities. - -This fact is especially apparent in the large counties of Mobile and -Baldwin in the southern part of the State of Alabama. Some years ago -a settlement of Italians was located near Daphne in Baldwin county, -close to the eastern shore of Mobile Bay. The colony has thrived -and prospered, engaging in fruit and grape culture and agricultural -pursuits. A short walk brings its members to the town of Daphne, where -they can look out upon a sheet of water thirty miles long and from -twelve to fifteen miles wide, which, though not so beautiful as Naples’ -famous bay, is still fair to look upon, and glows sometimes with as -gorgeous sunsets as those that are reflected by the blue waters of the -Mediterranean, while the smoke that rises from its shores is not that -of a slumbering volcano threatening devastation and destruction, but of -industry and commerce, promising peace, prosperity and happiness. - -The success of this colony is attracting other Italians to Baldwin -county, and also to its neighbor across the bay, Mobile county. Quite a -number have bought lands along the line of the Mobile & Ohio Railroad, -on a plateau or table land that begins some twenty miles from the city -of Mobile, and which extends to the northern limit of the county. -This plateau is from 350 to 380 feet above the level of the sea, and -from five to ten miles in width. The Italians who have settled on it -have cleared their land for cultivation and have built themselves -comfortable houses. They are all putting out fruit trees, principally -pears and plums, and grape cuttings of various kinds. The pear trees -are mostly what are known as “Le Conte” and “Bartlett,” while the -grapes are “Delaware,” “Concord,” “Catawba” and some other varieties. -They will probably in time turn their attention to winemaking, and can -then make use of the “Scuppernong” grape that grows almost wild in the -section of country in which they have located and rarely fails to bear -abundantly. - -These Italians are a very different class of people from those one -meets in the purlieus of the fruit quarters or in the slums of large -cities. They are mostly from the north of Italy, although some of -them hail from Naples and its neighborhood. They are intelligent, -industrious, orderly and law-abiding, and they are so polite and cheery -in their manners and demeanor that it is a pleasure to meet them. They -seem to regard people of property and position, near whose places they -reside, in the light of friends and advisers, entitled to deference -and respect. Many good people in this country have formed their ideas -of Italians from what they have read of the lazzaroni of Naples or -the vendetta-loving inhabitants of Sicily. Others have an undefined -notion, gathered from operas and melodramas, that most Italians who are -not proprietors of hand-organs and monkeys wear either red nightcaps -and striped shirts or tall hats shaped like the old time sugar-loaf, -jackets or coats with metal buttons and short coat tails, and leggins -composed to a large extent of particolored ribbons. This costume they -accentuate with a sash or belt containing a stiletto and a pair of -villainous looking horsepistols, and an old-fashioned muzzle-loading -gun with a crooked stock. These simple folks would be much surprised -if they could see the sons of Italy who have brought their lares and -penates to the shores of the Gulf of Mexico. They dress as the average -American citizen dresses and the only vendettas that they swear are -against those birds and animals that injure their crops. Their hope -is soon to sit under their own vine and fig-tree in a land truly -flowing with milk and honey, and to make their lives bright with the -light-hearted gaiety and peaceful content that made existence pleasant -even amidst the exactions and privations of sunny, but overtaxed and -overcrowded Italy. Already the sounds of music are borne on the evening -air as these pioneers in a great movement of their race rest at the -close of day from their labors, and rejoice over their freedom from -heavy burdens, and in that feeling of independence that the ownership -of land gives to foreigners of small or moderate means. - -These settlers can truly be regarded as to the advance guard of a -race movement that will eventually make of Southern Alabama, Southern -Mississippi and a portion of Western Florida an American Italy. The -coming of Italians to Alabama can no longer be considered as an -experiment. As has been previously stated, the settlement in Baldwin -county was made some six or eight years ago. These people can live on -less than either Americans or negroes, for they have been accustomed -to the strictest economy at home. The great fault of the colored -race, and to a large extend of their white employers in the South, is -wastefulness. When negroes can make a living on land in the section of -country under consideration, Italians will surely be able to do so. -They have the utmost confidence in their ability to do so. The negro -is not satisfied unless he has meat to eat every day in the year. The -workers on farms and in orchards and vineyards in Italy are accustomed -to live on bread, fruit and vegetables for weeks at a time. Their -repasts often consist of a piece of bread and a bunch of grapes, or a -piece of bread and an onion. - -That this class of immigrants will greatly benefit the section to which -it has been attracted, to use a Gallicism, goes without saying. They -will make good citizens, for they would not seek rural life if they -were the adherents of any special political propaganda. Experience -has fully demonstrated the fact that all foreigners holding extreme -opinions in regard to government and social order that come to this -country, Russian Nihilists, German Socialists, French Anarchists, -Irish Dynamiters, and Italian Red Republicans, make their homes in -cities, and generally in large ones. The quiet of country life is -distasteful to them. They must live in the midst of agitation and -turmoil, and constantly attend gatherings where they deliver or listen -to incendiary or socialistic harangues, or existence becomes almost -unendurable to them. These settlers in South Alabama, on the contrary, -are well satisfied with the institutions of the country to which they -have come in search of homes, appreciate the safety and security that -are caused by the supremacy of law and order, and look forward to -prosperous and happy lives in a land where war is unknown, where the -balance of power does not trouble the souls of statesmen, and where -no immense armaments are maintained by imposing heavy and grievous -burdens on the people. They have come to stay, and many will follow in -their footsteps. The region to which they have betaken themselves has -for years been a market garden for the West. It will now also become -an orchard and a vineyard. We are living in an age of progress, and -wonderful changes and developments are ahead of us. - - - - -LETTERS FROM NORTHERN AND WESTERN FARMERS, GIVING THEIR EXPERIENCE IN -THE SOUTH--VI. - -[The letters published in this issue form the sixth instalment in -the series commenced in the October number of this magazine. These -communications are published in response to numerous inquiries from -Northern people who desire to know more about agricultural conditions -in the South, and what is being accomplished by settlers from other -sections of the country. These letters were written by practical -farmers and fruit-growers, chiefly Northern and Western people who -have made their homes in the South. The actual experiences of these -settlers, as set forth in these letters, are both interesting and -instructive to those whose minds are turned Southward.--EDITOR.] - - -Fruit-Growing in Middle Georgia. - -CHARLES T. SMITH, Concord, Ga.--Concord is located in the fruit belt -of Middle Georgia. The country is slightly rolling and well watered. -The soil is productive and can easily be brought to a very high state -of fertility. For years cotton has been the staple crop, but King -Cotton has a powerful rival now in peaches and grapes. Fruit-growing -was introduced into Middle Georgia about twelve years ago. The first -plantings were small and there were many scoffers. The industry proved -to be very remunerative, and each year showed an increased acreage -until fruit farms of 100 to 500 acres are now not uncommon, and -hundreds of carloads of grapes and peaches are shipped annually and -are known far and wide for their superior quality. Georgia grapes and -peaches bring a higher price in all the leading markets than the same -fruits from any other State in the Union, and with each season their -popularity is increased. - -The future outlook is very encouraging. The prices to be obtained now -are not so large as heretofore, but with increased production came -better methods of growing and hauling and better shipping facilities, -and the profits to be derived are much the same, and far more -satisfactory than any other crops that can be grown. This industry has -been largely fostered by Northern men, who have always been with the -foremost in progress. Their efforts have been crowned with success, and -they may now look with pleasure not only on the handsome properties -they have amassed but also on this splendid new industry in the -development of which they have been pioneers. - - -A Northern Man’s Observation of Southern People. - -L. S. PACKARD, Pine Bluff, Moore county, N. C., formerly of -Warrensburg, N. Y.--Few persons realize from passing through the South -what the soil is capable of producing under careful cultivation. After -a stay of several years among Southern people I have learned much about -them and their modes of work, the care the lands ought to have and the -yields that can be expected under good cultivation. I give in brief my -observations: - -Southern men and women are justly entitled to the credit they get for -being the most hospitable people in the United States. The majority -of them live easy, enjoy life and are contented to go forward in -the quiet ways of their fathers. Some, however, are branching out, -learning to make money and are accumulating fortunes on the farms and -in the factories. It is the general belief of the Northern people that -Southern people cannot succeed. - -To show an instance where a Southern born man has succeeded I shall -confine my article to one man and to one farm, and in my future -letters give the names of Northern men who have come South. Within -a mile of the Seaboard Air Line in the county of Clark and State of -Georgia, Mr. John Smith has a farm of several hundred acres. He started -with small means but has improved, buying more land and stock, building -larger barns and better houses each year until he has one of the -finest and best equipped and regulated farms in the United States. His -grain, clover and grass fields are as fine as any in Pennsylvania or -New York. His stock is well kept and creditable in number and quality; -they will compare favorably with the best in Ohio, Michigan or any part -of the Northwest. His cotton fields are beautiful beyond description. -He has every convenience in the way of modern machinery. He has built -and equipped a railroad from his farm to Athens, Ga., and has erected -a cottonseed oil mill, fertilizer factory and conducts a general -mercantile business to supply tenants and employees. - -Mr. Smith’s farming operations were enough to convince me that all the -soil needed was careful cultivation and constant attention to yield -three times the profit of any in the Northern or New England States. - -Recently I met Mr. J. T. Patrick, of Southern Pines, N. C., who is -a noted worker for Southern development and perhaps one of the best -posted men in the South in regard to the developments going on in that -section. I spoke to him about Mr. Smith. Mr. Patrick said: “I have seen -his farm and it is a credit to Mr. Smith and the South, but there are -many more Southerners who are doing as well as he, but I suppose you -have not seen their farms. Major R. S. Tucker, of Wake county, Dr. W. -R. Capehart, of Bertie county, and thousands of others scattered over -the South are owners and managers of as fine farms as you can find -in any part of the United States. You Northern people do not get out -from the line of railroad to see what our people are doing, and we are -generally judged, condemned and sentenced by people who ride through -our country at the rate of forty miles an hour on a Pullman palace car -and don’t know the difference between a cotton plant and a stalk of -buckwheat.” - -There is a great deal of truth in what Mr. Patrick said. Northern men -who come South to learn ought to come down prepared to stay long enough -to go into the country and see the farms and not judge the South from a -poorly conducted farm, but from those managed with intelligence. - - -Political Opinions Not Counted. - -JAMES M. DICKEY, Superintendent National Cemetery, Corinth, Miss.--In -1881 I was a resident of Lamed-Pawnee county, Kansas. From March 1, -1882, to March, 1884, was stationed at Barrancas, Fla., near Pensacola. -From April, 1884, to the present time have been a resident of Corinth, -Miss. - -My observations during this time have been somewhat limited, but in -the material progress the agricultural classes have made considerable -advance. The old-time theory that cotton was the only crop to be raised -with profit has been discarded. Corn, potatoes, tomatoes, strawberries, -grapes, fruits, etc., and nearly all classes of products that the -truck gardener can raise will find remunerative sale. Climate and -healthfulness are exceptionally good. I have not been under the care of -a physician during the period of nine years. - -Churches are Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian and Christian. Schools of -Corinth are public, graded into primary, intermediate, grammar and high -school. Seven months, with two months additional of pay school, to such -patrons as may elect to send. - -The one great and all important question that has been asked of me -by visitors to this place is: “How do the people treat you? Are you -ostracized from society?” etc. My answer has been, and I have no -reason to change it, that a person’s habits and deportment are his or -her passport or entree to society. It makes no difference in North -Mississippi whether a person came from Georgia or Michigan; the social -reception is the same. - -The political liberality of the citizens is as good as anywhere. While -having their own honest convictions, they respect the convictions of -others. My political views are in a minority, but during all this time -no one has questioned or impugned my motives or convictions or hindered -the rights of suffrage. - - -Middle Georgia as Compared with the North and West. - -G. N. BARKER, Longstreet, Ga.--As one who has been a resident two years -in Middle Georgia after ten years residence in the West and Northwest, -occupied in stock raising, etc., I may be able to point out a few -advantages and differences relative to these parts. What will strike -the farmer most on arriving in this section is the total absence of -grass meadows or any visible facilities for the pasturing of stock, -but curiously enough, an abundance of fairly nutritious hay may be cut -during summer, of sufficient nutritive value with the assistance of a -little grain for stock. The corn crop is light per acre to one used to -the West; oats, however, yield well when well cultivated, and are off -the ground in May, the same ground making also a good hay crop the same -year. Bermuda grass makes an inexhaustible supply of pasture for all -stock, except three winter months when green rye, barley or oats will -take its place. Italian rye grass I have found grows luxuriantly during -winter and spring, and it makes more milk than almost any herb. Red -top grass also succeeds well. During summer there is an abundance of -forage crops for all classes of stock, and of good nutritious quality. -Stock is healthy here, provided it is kept clean and not overfed with -too highly fattening foodstuffs. My health has vastly improved in this -climate and I have recovered from the exposures of the Northwest. The -land here is poor and run down, but good cultivation and moderate -manuring soon restore a fertility that is astonishing to anyone seeing -only what is done without fertilizer. The greatest drawbacks in this -section are the total inability of the laborer, merchant and business -man to comprehend or encourage anything but cotton. All kinds of fruits -flourish with good care bestowed upon them. - -Farmers coming from other parts will have to either do or closely -superintend the minute details of their business; nothing can be left -to the colored labor and they have not yet had any practice with the -better methods or implements. Lumber is cheap; also carpenters very; -to one accustomed to Western prices, so many comforts may be had -unattainable out there. The heat is no drawback, not being anything -like the maximum attained in North Dakota and Montana, but the summer -is long and debilitating to the newcomer, who must use discretion in -taking too much sun the first season. Good foundation stock of all -kinds can be bought here at moderate prices. Living is very cheap -and work not hard, if cotton is let alone, as there is more time -all-the-year-round to work than in colder regions. Roads are moderate -and railroads numerous, obviating the distances to be traveled out West -to and from one’s station and postoffice. As a place of residence for -comfort, absence of great atmospheric changes, cheapness of living and -land, and other things necessary to the comfort of a farmer, I consider -the South has many and varied advantages over the North and West. - - -From New Hampshire to North Carolina. - -R. M. COUCH, Southern Pines, N. C.--The statement of facts I shall -make in this letter will lean to the conservative in all cases, as -after a residence of eight years and an extensive correspondence with -inquirers after facts, I have learned that the truth is good enough -and exaggeration folly. By the advice of my physician I left New -Hampshire and located here, and have not been North even on a visit -since, and as the climate was the first consideration with me, let -me say unqualifiedly that I believe it as near perfect all the year -round as can be found in any part of the world. I am confirmed in this -conclusion by the testimony of scores who have sought this haven of -health after trying such places as Colorado, California, New Mexico, -Arizona, and even the South of France and Italy. The healthfulness of -this section being established, the next question which confronted me -was the means of support, and as we make no claim that this soil (a -light sandy loam) is adapted to general farming, we were compelled to -look to the fruit industry as the most likely to help us out, and well -are we repaid for the venture. It is proved that a dry atmosphere and -porous soil produces very fine flavored fruit and that in this climate, -also, the fruit “colors” up better and makes a much better appearance -than that grown in a colder and less sunny climate. But one strong hold -on the fruit industry lies in our geographical position as regards the -ripening season, which brings our fruit into market, out of competition -with any other section. This fact was proved by our shipments last -season. - -Within five years there have been planted in this immediate section -1500 acres in fruit, and in order that your readers may have the -advantage of direct correspondence with any or all the growers of -fruit, I will give the names from memory: C. J. Eaglesfield was the -pioneer on a small scale; S. N. Whipple, extensive peach, plum, grape -and nut farm; Van Lindly Orchard Co., 350 acres peach, pear, plum and -blackberry; Niagara Grape Co., 107 acres in grapes; Southern Pines -Fruit-Growing Co., eighty acres in grapes; Benjamin Douglas, Jr., of -Orange, N. J.; Tarbell & Carlton, H. P. Bilyeu, Dr. C. W. Weaver, C. -D. Tarbell, Thomas Carlton, Fred Oberhouserheur, James H. Murray, S. -W. Thomas, Charles H. Thompson, Edwin Newton, Doctors Boynton, Stevens -and R. M. Couch, Rev. A. A. Newhall, B. Van Herff, J. T. Wilson, Dr. W. -P. Swett, H. P. Stebbins, J. A. Morriss, R. S. Marks, L. S. Johnson, -C. C. Mitchell, John Huttonhomer, F. J. Folley, Rev. J. W. Johnston, -Mrs. L. A. Raymond, Mrs. Louisa Young, P. Pond, Fred Dixon and others. -There were shipped from this point last season 150 tons, being the -first bearing year of the oldest vineyards of much size. The bearing -vineyards and orchards the coming season will more than double the -shipments, and in two years all the vineyard trees mentioned will come -to bearing. - -The prices in Washington and New York last July were six and seven -cents per pound for black grapes, and thirteen and fourteen cents per -pound for Delaware and Niagara, and $3.50 to $4.50 per bushel crate for -peaches and plums. The demand was as good at the close of the season as -at first. Write to Dr. C. W. Weaver, S. N. Whipple, H. P. Bilyeu, C. D. -Tarbell, C. B. Mabore for prices obtained for their own shipments. Dr. -Weaver realized from three acres of his best Delaware grapes $150 per -acre net. - -I have thus, in a rambling way, given your readers an idea of the -climate and agricultural resources of the sand hills of Moore county, -N. C. - -Southern Pines is a town eight years old, in the midst of the -turpentine region of North Carolina, sixty-eight miles southwest from -Raleigh, on the Raleigh & Augusta Railroad (part of the Seaboard Air -Line), fifteen hours from New York, and is six hundred feet above sea -level, the highest point in the whole turpentine belt. The soil is a -sandy loam and has a perfect drainage. Malaria is unknown. The presence -of the long-leafed pine in large quantities causes the generation of -ozone to such a degree as to make this locality almost a specific for -throat and lung difficulties. Many physicians and a large number of -the cured and benefited testify to its wonderful effects. The town -is filled mainly with Northern people, and has four hotels, a good -school, and church services every Sabbath. There are three stores, and -railroad, telegraph and express offices. There are many fine residences -and a large hotel 300 feet long and four stories is being built with -modern improvements. - - -Fruit-Growing in Texas. - -R. T. WHEELER, Hitchcock, Galveston county, Texas.--I have examined -and am very much pleased with your magazine, and particularly the -department of agricultural correspondence. This is an exceedingly -interesting and important feature, well calculated to accomplish much -in the settlement and development of the South. Your journal has a high -mission and is on the right road. - -Unlike most of your correspondents I am a native of this State, and -a lifetime resident of this section, and therefore naturally biased -in favor of this country, climate and people, free, however, from -any prejudice against any other portion of the country. While I am -not in the strict sense a farmer, and have no skilled acquaintance -with any branch of horticulture or agriculture, I have had ten years’ -practical acquaintance with the cultivation of this soil, and my ten -years’ residence at this station, fourteen miles from Galveston City, -has given me the opportunity of observing its rapid progress and -development within the past five or six years, from a purely stock -country, a naked prairie, in which lands were worth not exceeding fifty -cents per acre, devoted exclusively to raising ordinary Texas cattle, -it requiring at a low estimate ten acres to support one cow of the -value of about $6, to a prosperous and independent fruit and truck -farming community, having over 150,000 pear trees set to orchard, over -100 acres in strawberries now ripening and ready for market, yielding -from $300 to $600 per acre; some 300 acres more in cultivation in -general vegetables, a church, good public schools, with an average -attendance of over fifty scholars daily, good stores, about twenty -artesian wells flowing good, pure, wholesome water in the greatest -abundance, from a depth of about 600 feet, nurseries and rose gardens -with several hundred varieties of roses now in full bloom in the open -air, without a poor man or woman, and not one that is not making a good -living, a community whose reputation is co-extensive with horticulture -within the States and Canada, whose products are well-known in Chicago -and other markets, and whose strawberries have sold as far West as Salt -Lake City. - -Very much of the wonderful development of this country is due Col. H. -M. Stringfellow, who some nine years since introduced the Le Conte and -Kiefer pears, and whose orchard, in the language of an ex-governor -of Texas, is “simply a world-beater.” Last year, as we all know, was -both a drouth and a panic year, and yet on his thirteen-acre orchard -Mr. Stringfellow cleared considerably over $5000 on pear fruit alone, -and much more on the sale of rooted pear cuttings, these pears being -propagated by cuttings. I could write a book about this country and -then be in the same trouble as the Queen of Sheba, but I fear that this -letter is beyond reasonable length. Notwithstanding this extraordinary -development, lands are still comparatively cheap; the best can be had -from $20 to $50 per acre. - - -An Opinion of Arkansas After Three Years’ Trial. - -J. M. SOWLE, Dryden, Ark.--I came here from Michigan in June, 1890. -Located at a place now called Dryden, just west of Gilkerson on the St. -Louis Southwestern Railway, with seventeen families and a few single -men; seventy in all. The B. & S. W. Railroad now runs through our town. - -Two families returned to stay; three more got lonesome here in the -woods and went back expecting to stay, and before they were back two -months acknowledged that they were homesick to come back and did come -back, as they liked the society here, as well as the fine weather and -good health. Everyone here now are here to stay, and most of them have -bought land. - -We have such nice warm sunshine and weather in the winter. Health best -of any place we were ever located. Out of the seventy people in the -three years and eight months, have had eight persons sick enough to -go to bed. One two-year-old girl died; another three-months-old babe -died; she was well at midnight, found dead in bed in the morning; and -one woman fifty years old died with consumption, think hereditary, as -her father, mother and five brothers and sisters died with the same -disease. The three who died are counted in the eight sick, except the -babe. - -The soil here is good and never fails to raise crops on account of -drouth or any other cause. We have raised fifty bushels shelled corn to -the acre on our poorest land, and a bushel of potatoes to twenty-four -hills, and in fact nearly all kind of crops are extra good. The county -is naturally suited to peaches, plums and grapes. General good crops -are corn, cotton, wheat, oats, timothy, clover, red top, blue grass, -blackberries, raspberries, apples, pears and quince. - -Society is good; more church members in proportion to population than -any place I ever was in. Laws are enforced here better than any place I -ever lived. - -This county is a peaceful and safe county to live in, as we have the -best of accommodating neighbors, as well as law-abiding citizens. - - -A General Answer to Many Letters of Inquiry. - -A. K. FISHER, Abbeville, Ga.--My letter published some time ago in your -magazine brought me so many letters of inquiry concerning this section, -our mode of farming, cost of getting land ready for cultivation, etc., -that it required a long letter to each, and I have been unable to -comply. I write this letter now to cover all the ground of inquiries. - -Abbeville has about 2000 inhabitants, is county seat of Wilcox county, -Ga., is on the Savannah, Americus & Montgomery Railroad, sixty-five -miles east of Americus, where the railroad crosses the Ocmulgee river. -This river is navigable; Brunswick is near its mouth. - -Abbeville has two churches--Methodist and Baptist; Presbyterians also -have service there. Schools generally are not as good as in most of -Northern States, but are gradually improving; have some teachers from -the North. - -Heretofore the products from this section have been lumber, spirits -turpentine, rosin, cotton, some beef cattle and wool. - -A few years ago fortunes were made in a short time in lumber and -turpentine business when properly managed, but most of the operators -increased their business, bought large tracts of land, borrowed money, -etc. Now the prices of those products have declined to or below cost of -production, and for the past two years our banks have not been loaning -money, so those parties are obliged to sacrifice their lands. Although -this section has been settling up rapidly, lands can be bought for less -than two years ago. - -In past twenty years cotton has declined from twenty to seven cents per -pound. When cotton brought from fifteen to twenty cents per pound the -cotton planter had all the money he required and raised nothing else -for market. As a class they spent their money freely; if more money -were required before the crop was made they could readily get advances -on cotton crop; now the staple is below cost of production, still many -are obliged to grow cotton, as it is the only crop on which they can -get advances. To change requires an expenditure for farming implements -and machinery for putting in and harvesting the crop, stumps are to be -gotten out of the way, etc. To grow fruit requires several years to -realize. Most of the planters own large tracts of land, and are anxious -to dispose of a part; some are hoping each year the acreage in cotton -will be reduced (by many putting their lands in other crops), thereby -enhancing the price of cotton and they be benefited. They prefer to -grow cotton, having never done anything else. Some who tried hay failed -on first trial, as they did not have proper implements, and they -exposed it to dews and rain after it was cured or partly so. - -The timber in this locality is long leaf pine, excepting along the -river, where is abundance of hardwoods, viz: different varieties oak, -hickory, ash, gum, cypress and some elm. The pines are not thick on the -land; the principal roots go straight down; the surface soil is sandy, -intermixed with dark pebbles and clay subsoil. The mode of clearing -land is to deaden by girdling the trees, burn the logs and trash on the -ground, fence and put in the plough. To one not accustomed to it, this -looks very slovenly, but I believe it is the best plan, as in a few -years the trees rot and fall to the ground. The trees are no more in -the way than the stumps; the dead hearts can much more readily be split -into rails or burned than when green. The heart rails will last fifteen -years; it costs about $10.00 per thousand to put rails into fences; -rails are ten feet long. I am building board fences; lumber costs me -at mill $5.00 per thousand feet. There are plenty of mills. I have my -posts split from dead hearts and faced with axe; they cost me about -three cents each at fence. When the ground is wet a man can dig seventy -holes in a day; when dry the clay subsoil becomes very hard and one -half above number would be good work. - -I have taken stumps from 200 acres land at a cost of about $2.00 per -acre; generally would cost from $2.00 to $6.00 per acre, according to -length of time land had been cleared. I have not tried dynamite; some -have, but cannot state whether it gave satisfactory results; I believe -it would, especially in new land. We plant our corn in rows, generally -six feet apart and from two to three feet apart in a row, one stalk in -a place. At last working of corn we put in one or two rows of peas to -every row of corn; the peas and corn mature at same time. When corn is -gathered we gather peas enough for seed, then put in the hogs and they -fatten from the peas. Some varieties of those peas will remain on the -ground all winter and grow the next summer. The pea crop is worth as -much as the corn crop. - -Corn grown here is worth seventy cents per bushel. From sixty acres -I got over 1200 bushels of corn. I used on the sixty acres two tons -of phosphate that cost here $16.00 per ton mixed with the manure from -four mules and 200 bushels cottonseed worth fifteen cents per bushel. -Some make more, some less, according to cultivation and amount of -fertilizers used. One of my neighbors for several years past has been -making forty bushels of corn to the acre. - -From 100 acres in oats I got 2000 bushels; these are rust proof and -always in demand for seed; I sold all for sixty cents per bushel. I -used no fertilizers under the oats; I generally cut two crops of hay -same season from same land after I cut my oats. I plough, harrow and -roll the ground in June. I use under the hay guano worth about $6.00 -to every acre and get two tons of hay per acre worth here $18.00 per -ton. This grass comes spontaneously after the land is cultivated a -few years and makes excellent hay. It does not grow North. This year -one of my neighbors cut from twelve acres 600 bushels of oats; put -no fertilizers under the oats, but had the year previous oats on same -land, and after the oats were cut, in June, he planted it in peas; -when the peas matured he turned his hogs in; by October the hogs had -gathered the peas, then he ploughed under the pea vines and sowed in -the oats. This is the most economical way of improving our lands. The -crop of peas pays for all the expense. We feed but little corn to our -hogs. - -Wheat is grown but little in this section. When cotton was worth twenty -cents per pound no one would raise wheat, so the mills were either -torn or rotted down, but in a short time there will be a mill to grind -wheat in the vicinity. There are plenty of mills to grind corn. Nearly -all the vegetables grown North do well here, and come into the market -much earlier, and many that do not grow there do well here. Cabbage and -Irish potatoes do well here, but when planted in spring mature early in -summer and do not keep longer than a couple of months; when planted in -July they mature in fall and keep tolerably well, but sometimes it is -difficult to get a stand of plants in July. - -This is about 32° north latitude; peaches, pears, plums, grapes and -some varieties of apples do well here, and all begin bearing at much -younger age than North; perhaps are not as long-lived, but heretofore -no care has been taken of them. - -In the woods the grass grows during summer from one to one and one-half -feet high, and makes a splendid pasture, especially for six months, -commencing in April. The cattle, sheep and hogs are never fed. At this -time of the year all are poor, but in May both cattle and sheep are in -good order. By having some winter pastures to keep the cattle fat for -winter market the beeves would bring fancy prices in the home market. -There is plenty of good beef here in summer; in winter our beef comes -from the West (cold storage) and costs by the quarter eight cents per -pound. - -We sow oats from September to February; I pasture mine some in winter, -but there are a number of grasses that make here a good winter -pasture. Alfalfa is being grown with success in some portions of this -State; no doubt would do well here. These cattle, sheep and hogs on -the range have never been improved by crossing with improved breeds; -the rule has been to leave every tenth male for breeding purposes. By -crossing the native ewes with some of the improved breeds, and feeding -some on pasturing in winter, lambs could be put into Northern markets -much earlier than from the States farther North. These cattle and sheep -are all gotten up at a certain time for shearing and marking, when -those for market are sold to buyers who ship them to the cities to sell -to butchers. Some of the stock is never seen by the owners. The young -are marked with the mark of its mother, the fleece of wool tied up and -marked, the owner notified, he pays for sheering and gets it. All land -not fenced is range and free to all. One might own 1000 head of cattle -and not own an acre of land. Hogs live and grow on range but do much -better when fed some; those near river get fat from acorns. - -Building material is cheap. Kiln-dried and dressed flooring and ceiling -from $8.00 to $12.00 per M feet; No. 1 Brick at kiln $5.00 per M. - -Butter is worth thirty cents per pound, eggs fifteen cents per dozen, -sweet milk ten cents per quart, buttermilk five cents per quart. - -A number of parties from Ohio came to this section last February; some -bought when they came, others bought this winter; all remained. They -say they do not feel the heat any more than in Ohio, as we have more -breeze and the nights are pleasant. Sunstrokes are unknown. A few -days ago a party from Ohio bought 300 acres of land one and one-half -miles from Abbeville, thirty acres of which is cleared, all salable -timber cut from the balance, but enough for farm purposes on the land; -buildings worth $150; no orchard; 250 acres fair pine lands, fifty -acres of but little value, price paid $1600; $1150 cash, $450 in twelve -months. The buyer intends going into the dairy business; also fruit -and improved stock. Lands can be bought at from $2.00 to $10.00 per -acre, according to distance from railway, improvements, etc., and my -experience is a better profit can be made farming from an acre here -than from an acre in the Northern States, where their lands are valued -at from $50.00 to $75.00 per acre. Taxes are about fifty cents on -values of $100. Near rivers, ponds, etc., are subject to some fevers. I -have lived here for past twelve years; have not had case of fever among -my family or hands on the place. - -We have no sand flies nor mosquitoes, except near ponds and water -courses there are mosquitoes. We are not subject to tornadoes or -cyclones as in some parts of the West. Our labor is mixed, mostly -negroes. Farm hands are paid from $8.00 to $12.00 per month and -rations. A ration consists of four pounds of bacon and one peck meal -for six day’s work. Where it is white labor they are boarded in the -family of the farmers. The negroes here are strong competitors in many -of the trades, especially carpenters, blacksmiths and painters; also -masons. Our climate is so mild that it is not necessary for comfort -for a house to be plastered or ceiled inside; very few farmers’ houses -are; neither is so expensive clothing required as in the North. On -the nights of the fifth and sixth instant we had very little ice on -shallow water on the ground; those were the coldest nights this winter. -I have seen snow a few times in last twelve years; have seen none this -winter. Ploughs can run all winter. A few peach trees are in bloom now -(February 14th). There are no government or State land to homestead or -for sale in this State, but plenty of lands for sale either unimproved -or improved. We cultivate too much land here; we should cultivate less -and work and fertilize better. - -The people are anxious for Northern farmers to come and settle here -and will render home seekers any service in their power, furnish them -stock to ride or drive and take care of them whilst they are procuring -locations, etc. I would not advise anyone without some capital to come; -anyone coming should come with the expectation of working for himself -and not for others. I notice that the Big Four and St. Louis Railway -are selling round-trip tickets to points in Georgia, good for twenty -days, for one fare. These tickets are issued for March 8th and April -9th. - - - - -ITEMS ABOUT FARMS AND FARMERS - - -Small Farms In Florida. - -It seems strange that farmers of the North will purchase land for -farming purposes at $100 or more per acre when in the South there is an -abundance of land at from $5 to $25 an acre, from which, acre for acre, -a larger revenue can be derived. Because of the variety of products -raised in the North no farm of less than forty acres is regarded as -sufficiently large to maintain a family. - -The tendency in the North is towards larger farms, and many farmers are -not satisfied with a farm of less than 160 acres. Make the acreage only -forty, and the farm is worth $4000. On twenty acres of land in Florida -that can be bought at $25 per acre, one can get a larger annual return -in dollars than he can from the $4000 farm in the North. - -This statement needs no proof. It is being demonstrated year by year -all over the State, and only needs to be understood by the great army -of home-seekers of the country to bring such an influx of them as -will make Florida one of the most populous portions of the country. -Thousands of people in the North want just such homes as are within -their reach here. They have not money enough to pay for a satisfactory -home at the high prices of the North, but they possess enough property -to be able to secure a good home in Florida. If they could only be -enlightened as to what awaits them here, they would come in force.--The -Citizen, Jacksonville, Fla. - - -Improved Methods of the Southern Farmer. - -The Savannah Morning News sees cause for favorable comment in the -improved methods of the Southern farmer. It says: “Contrasted with -the average Southern farm of fifteen years ago, the average Southern -farm of today presents a striking object lesson of the New South’s -progress. Plows, hoes and other agricultural implements are no longer -left in the fields, or without shelter in the barnyards, overnight, -or for weeks at a time, according to the whim of the user. Wagons and -carts are not left standing, covered with mud, at the most convenient -place to drop them. Harnesses are not thrown on a fence, or a peg, or -a hitching post, exposed to the weather, until wanted. These things -now have their orderly places under shelter and are properly looked -after. Rainy days are no longer spent in loafing about the kitchen, but -employer and hired man put in the time of the rainy day in the barn -mending harness, oiling machinery, tightening wagon bolts, etc.” - -All of this goes to show thrift and economy, and partly explains why -many a Georgia farmer has surplus funds to loan at interest. - - -Condition of Georgia Farmers. - -At a meeting of the Georgia State Agricultural Society, held at -Brunswick, Ga., February 14, Col. Waddell, the president of the -society, said, in an address: - -“The condition of the farmers of Georgia is not really understood. The -view entertained by the optimist being too rosy, that of the pessimist -too depressing. They are nearer out of debt than they have ever been, -they have more home-raised supplies than for many years, and they -are managing their affairs with more judgment and prudence than ever -before. But they experienced the pinching scarcity of money, and some -of them are burdened with debts which would have been cancelled but -for the shrinkage in the value of their lands and the products of -their farms. You who are practical farmers know there is no money in -raising cotton at seven or eight cents a pound, and that our only hope -of success is in producing every possible article of necessity at home. -Fortunately, we are not dependent on the cotton crop, for in variety -and diversity of products, and in soil and climate, Georgia produces -unequalled advantages, and these advantages are being recognized and -utilized more and more every year.” - - -Texas Tobacco Growers Organize. - -The tobacco growers have formed an association for mutual benefit -and for the promotion of this branch of crop cultivation. It is to -be called the Cigar Leaf Tobacco Growers’ Association, and intends -publishing a paper in the interests of Texas tobacco. - -O. A. Smith, of Willis, is president; H. F. Malone, of Willis, -vice-president, and J. F. Irvine, secretary and treasurer. The -executive committee is composed of the following: Clark Arnold, of -Galveston; J. M. Buckley, of Willis; T. G. Wools, of Hondo; J. H. -Bruning, of Galveston; J. J. Strozier, of Willis; C. F. Rhode, of -Galveston; O. A. Smith, of Willis, and H. S. Elders, of Willis. - -The by-laws of the National Tobacco Growers’ Association, as adopted at -Washington, are adopted by this association. - - -Profitable Rice Culture. - -The New York Journal of Commerce, in an article on rice growing in -Southwestern Louisiana, says: A couple of years ago the crop was -excessive, but the last crop is well sold up, and there is little doubt -that the consumption of rice will vastly increase in this country. -Scientifically and practically it is one of the best of foods, and the -taste for it is growing. Portions of this section of Louisiana are -sufficiently watered by natural overflow, but a good deal of it is -artificially irrigated. Some of the farmers say that it is a little -more work to cultivate rice than wheat or corn, but most of them think -it is less; there is no great difference in the cost. The general -testimony is that it costs $5 or $6 an acre to cultivate it, exclusive -of irrigation, which, as already said, is not always necessary. A -dollar for seed, two for cultivation and two for harvesting is the -estimate of many farmers, though a few put the cost at a dollar or -two more, and some go as high as $10 or $12. Ten barrels in the rough -is regarded by many cultivators as a fair average crop, but yields of -twelve and fifteen barrels are common. The farmers generally get from -$2 to $3 a barrel, and sometimes a little more. A rice cultivator at -Lake Author, La., writes: “I can say honestly and positively that a man -can make a big fortune in four or five years raising rice.... I know a -number of farmers that have for the past three years averaged fifteen -barrels per acre, and their net average price per barrel for the three -years was $2.85.” These figures give gross receipts of $42.75 per acre. - - -Fruit Growing in Louisiana. - -At the recent annual meeting of the Louisiana State Agricultural -Society, F. H. Burnette, the horticulturist of the State Experiment -Station at Baton Rouge, read an interesting paper upon Southern fruits. - -Prof. Burnette has given much time to the development of the fruit -industry of Louisiana, experimenting upon the different varieties of -fruit indigenous to the climate, utilizing his knowledge of foreign -horticulturing and experimenting at the station. He gave a full report -of these experiments. The paper was of especial interest to small fruit -growers, dwelling upon the varieties of peach, pear and orange which -can be grown with success in Louisiana, and of the new variety of -Japanese and Chinese plums and persimmons which he has grown at Baton -Rouge with success. - -At the same meeting Judge Lewis, of Opelousas, spoke of the cultivation -of figs as a marketable crop and one which has never failed of -producing remunerative results by close attention to the cultivation -of the trees. He also spoke of the preserves made in Opelousas of the -rind of the sour orange and also of figs, which are sold in the stores -of Opelousas. The fig tree is self-supporting, and as an orchard which -produces and supplies itself, being free from climatic influences. -He spoke at length upon the possibilities of canning the fruits of -Louisiana and shipping them to Northern markets. - - * * * * * - -The farmers of Sumter county, Georgia, the county in which Americus -is located, are more and more abandoning the all cotton business and -turning to the growing of fruits. - - * * * * * - -Mr. J. B. Dubose of Ridge Spring, Edgefield county, S. C., has -experimented with great success in the growing of celery. It is -claimed that the product of his farm is equal in every way to the best -Kalamazoo celery. - - * * * * * - -The business of truck gardening around Weldon, N. C., has undergone -great development in the last year or two. To accommodate this growing -industry the Wilmington & Weldon railroad is putting in additional side -track facilities. - - * * * * * - -The State of Georgia has one of the agricultural experiment stations -established by the United States Government, which has been in -existence about four years. Its purpose is to aid the farmers of the -State by experiments in the preparation, fertilization and cultivation -of the soil, etc. It is maintained by an annual appropriation of -$15,000 by the United States government. The property used for the -purposes of the station belongs to the State. This property consists of -130 acres of land with buildings, including dairy, ginnery, greenhouse, -tobacco barn, laboratory, etc. - -A bulletin of results is published once a quarter and is sent free to -any citizen of Georgia engaged in any branch of farming. The station is -located at Experiment, near Griffin. Its organization is as follows: R. -J. Redding, director; H. C. White, Ph. D., vice-director and chemist; -H. N. Starnes, horticulturist; James M. Kimbrough, Agriculturist; H. J. -Wing, dairyman. - - * * * * * - -A number of Germans living near Axtell, Texas, have recently engaged -in the apiary business with much success. Mr. L. J. Miller who lives -in that neighborhood produced 1187 pounds of honey last year, and 165 -pounds of beeswax. The honey brought twelve and a half cents and the -wax seventeen and a half cents. - - * * * * * - -A recent bulletin issued from the Texas Experimental Station gives some -interesting comparisons of the four leading crops in the State. The -cotton crop of Texas covers 4,520,310 acres, and is worth $69,439,476; -the corn crop covers 3,166,353 acres and is worth $28,429,125; the -wheat crop covers 442,337 acres and is worth $5,244,303; the sweet -potato crop covers 29,928 acres and is worth $1,503,764. According -to the above statistics the value of each crop per acre is: Cotton, -$15.36; corn, $8.94; wheat, $11.88; sweet potatoes, $50.24. The cost of -growing an acre of either is not materially different. Here is a big -difference in favor of sweet potatoes. - - * * * * * - -Mr. Jere Mabry, of Belton, Texas, reports as the result of his work -for 1893, on a rented farm of eighty acres, cash receipts aggregating -$1,974.91. Besides what he sold he raised, for the most part his food -supplies. His total cash expenses were $506.85, leaving $964.06 as the -net cash profit of the year’s work. - - * * * * * - -An intelligent farmer of Rowan county, N. C., said the other day: “The -farmers in my county were never better off. They have plenty of corn, -wheat, meat and other produce, and many of them have a bale or so of -cotton stored away. There is no necessity for the cry of hard times -among the farmers of Rowan. True, they have little money, but they do -not need it, they have all at home that they can consume. Why, many of -the farmers are raising everything they need on the farm. I know of men -who now have plenty of meat who a few years ago did not raise a hog, so -you see they are growing wiser and are prospering as all good farmers -should. True, a few of Rowan’s farms are mortgaged and badly in debt, -but they are generally of that sort that lounge around town in idleness -the greater portion of the time and let their crops go, trusting to a -mortgage for the next year.” - - * * * * * - -The “Southern Pines Orchard Co.” purchased in 1890 1200 acres of wooded -land near Southern Pines, and 360 acres of this has been cleared and -planted as follows: 51,000 peach trees, 5000 pears, 1000 plums, 16,000 -blackberry. In that section the peach crop never fails. Last year -the new trees bore a few peaches and this year they are expected to -bear freely. The president of the company is Mr. J. Van Lindley, of -Greensboro, N. C., who is also proprietor of the Pomona Nurseries at -Greensboro. - - * * * * * - -During the last few weeks there has been much activity among the -farmers in the vicinity of Oglethorpe, Ga., and from all parts of the -county as well. The time has again rolled round when they must plant -their crops, and right energetically are they going at this duty. Not -near so much fertilizer is being used as in previous years, and the -farmers of Macon county, Ga., are reported by the Macon News to be -in better condition than in a long time. Nearly all have more than a -sufficiency of home-raised meat to supply them during the year. Few -complaints are heard of hard times. - - * * * * * - -Some advanced tobacco growers in Texas have been experimenting with the -object of growing a fine quality of Cuban cigar leaf, and the results, -it is said, have been entirely satisfactory. The reports from Brazos, -Paris, Calhoun, Nueces, Liberty, Grimes, Walker, Montgomery and other -counties show that a very fine quality of Cuban tobacco can be grown in -Southern and Southeastern Texas. - - * * * * * - -The rice acreage in Orange county, Texas, will be materially increased -this year, and there will be almost a corresponding increase in fruit -farming, for which that section is eminently adapted. - - * * * * * - -Mr. G. W. Duncan, of Greenville, Ala., has fattened thirty-nine hogs -this season on twenty acres of ground peas, and says there are enough -peas in the ground now to fatten as many more hogs and to keep them fat -for a month yet. - - - - -FRUIT-GROWING POSSIBILITIES OF THE SOUTH ATLANTIC SEABOARD. - -_By Clark Bell._ - - -I am asked to contribute a paper to the SOUTHERN STATES, giving my -impressions of my first trip South. I will reply as I have done to -my friend Mr. Clark Howell, of Atlanta, Ga., for the columns of his -paper, from the stand-point of a business man and farmer, and not in -my relation to the party who recently visited the seaboard States, -composed in the main of medical editors, their wives and friends. - -Too much praise cannot be awarded Dr. W. C. Wile, of Danbury, Conn., -for promoting and organizing the party of Northern medical editors and -their friends, thus bringing to their attention the unusual advantages -of the Piedmont section of the Southern seaboard States to Northern -emigration. - -These distinguished gentlemen will shortly communicate their views -through their respective journals, but what I shall say now will be -quite free from all professional considerations. - -Either North Carolina or Georgia must be regarded as the paradise -of the fruit grower. I have had a large experience in vine growing -and wine making in Western New York, having planted one of the first -vineyards on the shores of Lake Keuka, and being one of the promoters -of the Urbana Wine Co., and I am familiar in a practical way with that -most remunerative culture of the black raspberry, in Yates county, New -York, which furnishes the evaporated dried fruit so much now in demand, -and may fairly be classed as one qualified to speak, in a practical -way, as to the general features of fruit growing. The wine-growing -industry, yet in its infancy in North Carolina, has gone far enough -to demonstrate an assured success in a lucrative way, to those who -carry on its productions on business methods. The experiments made at -Southern Pines, N. C., have gone far enough to leave no manner of doubt -of splendid results in the near future. - -The difficulty with which the Northern grower has to contend are the -high price of land and labor and the early frost. Labor in both Georgia -and North Carolina is abundant and cheap. Eight dollars per month will -cover the wages of men with rations, which can be computed at $2.50 -per month. Frost is quite out of the question. The cost of land in -desirable locations is as low as $3 to $10 per acre, and if unimproved -land is taken a net of $10 would be ample to put good land ready to -plant the vine. The plow can run in both the States every month in the -year. - -By way of Norfolk, the markets of New York and Philadelphia are as -accessible to the fruit growers of these States as to Western New York, -in both time and rate. North Carolina seems to have been chary of the -immigration of foreigners. Of that great flood of European blood that -has for the past twenty-five years poured into the ports of New York, -neither North Carolina nor Georgia has received anything worth naming. -It has swept like an enormous wave over the West, but not on the South -Atlantic seaboard. You would secure those who are desirable and by -proper work could do so. - -The citizens of Northern States do not correctly understand your -section. They should visit and carefully look into the capacities -of your States. Nothing dispels illusions like contact and personal -examination. The North is full of active, energetic, industrious men -inured to labor, who do not know what advantages you offer or they -would flood into and buy up your unoccupied lands and form a splendid -factor in the New South now forming. Would the Northern settlers be -hospitably received? At the North this would be a controlling question. -General Manager Winder, of the Seaboard Air Line, assures me that in -his State the Northern settler would be most welcome. Ex-Governor -Jarvis, of North Carolina, in a recent conversation, assured me that -the Southern welcome would be whole-souled, full and free from the -slightest danger of interference. I have equally high authority in -Georgia of a similar state of public sentiment. Northern settlers -would, strange as it may sound to you, need to be assured in these -respects. - -The present depressed state of financial affairs is not against such an -immigration now. Your splendid railways should give especial facilities -in reduced freights to actual settlers. Austin Corbin, one of our -greatest railroad workers, transports free over his railways every -pound of material an actual settler puts on his land in improvements. -I would advocate free transportation of the household goods of every -actual Northern settler by your great railway lines. - -I do not dare to state what I think of the future of North Carolina -and Georgia within the next fifty years. Yes, twenty-five years. No -Georgian or Carolinian would believe as much as I see coming in the -next generation. With a climate that not only rivals, but excels -that of Italy, I say to Georgians and North Carolinians if you will -yourselves open to Northern eyes the enormous advantages of your grand -States, you will witness a spectacle within the next thirty years as -marvelous as that we saw in Atlanta, where a magnificent city has -arisen, phœnix-like, from the ashes made by Sherman’s army. And the new -States of Georgia and North Carolina will come into a new and grander -life, which will be as much a wonder to the next generation as Atlanta -is to this. - - - - -THE SOUTHERN STATES. - - THE - SOUTHERN STATES. - - AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY MAGAZINE - DEVOTED TO THE SOUTH. - - Published by the - Manufacturers’ Record Publishing Co. - Manufacturers’ Record Building, - BALTIMORE, MD. - - SUBSCRIPTION: $1.50 a Year; $1 for Six Months - - WILLIAM H. EDMONDS, - Editor and Manager. - - BALTIMORE, MARCH, 1894. - - -The SOUTHERN STATES is an exponent of the Immigration and Real Estate -Interests and general advancement of the South, and a journal of -accurate and comprehensive information about Southern resources and -progress. - -Its purpose is to set forth accurately and conservatively from month to -month the reasons why the South is, for the farmer, the settler, the -home seeker, the investor, incomparably the most attractive section of -this country. - - -An Opportunity for Capital. - -In the general discussion of the various agencies to be depended on to -bring about an enlarged and accelerated Southern immigration movement, -there seems to have been little thought given to private enterprises as -one of them. - -A great deal has been said about the duty and self interest of -railroads in the matter, and much has been spoken and written in -advocacy of aggressive measures on the part of the States. It is quite -true that the railroads should pursue the most liberal policy in -fostering and developing immigration. Every farmer who settles in the -territory of any road becomes a permanent producer of traffic for that -road, and whether the railroad company be the owner of lands or not, -the most profitable expenditures it can make are such as will help to -populate and build up the country tributary to its lines. It is also -true that every Southern State should have an immigration department -or bureau, conducted not by small politicians, but by the most capable -men to be had, and not supported by niggardly appropriations, but amply -supplied with sufficient money to make possible the most progressive -and comprehensive methods. - -But, unfortunately, the ideal is not going to be reached as to either -the railroads or the States. Both will in the aggregate come very far -short of what ought to be done, and this will be more pronouncedly and -lamentably true of the State governments. - -Outside of these agencies, then, how is the cause of immigration to be -advanced? The question and the conditions giving rise to it suggest -an opportunity for capital and enterprise. In almost any part of the -South very large areas of land may be gotten together at very low -prices. With money enough to buy and properly develop farm lands, and -with judicious management, there is hardly any limit to the profitable -business that could be done by immigration or colonization companies. -For example, a company that could buy say 10,000 to 20,000 or more -acres of land in a body, or make up this acreage by consolidating a -number of farms bought from different owners, and then divide this up -into small farms of twenty, forty, eighty or more acres, construct -roads throughout the entire area, drain the whole of it, put it all in -the best shape for the most advanced farming or gardening operations, -building houses, &c., and then direct themselves to the work of -colonizing it or selling to individual settlers, such a company, with -sufficient capital and properly managed, could quickly settle up almost -any area of land and make enormous profits for its stockholders. -Besides the tracts sold as small farms, there would necessarily be one -or more centrally located village sites which would become immediately -valuable as town property. There is nothing easier than getting -Northern farmers to go South. The conditions of farming and of life at -the South are so incomparably superior to those at the North that they -need only to be pressed upon the attention of Northern farmers to be -availed of. In its millions of acres of cheap lands the South has the -advantage of an entirely new and undeveloped country, and has with this -all the advantages and comforts and attractions of an established and -advanced civilization. The South is in the main more healthful than any -other part of the United States, its range of farm and garden products -is greater, it offers better opportunities for profitable agriculture, -and it is in all respects a section where life can be lived in greater -comfort than at the North. Convinced of these facts, hundreds of -thousands of substantial and well-to-do farmers in other parts of the -country would quickly move to the South. In fact, there is even now, -all over the North and Northwest a disposition to go South. As was -stated in a letter published in the January number of the SOUTHERN -STATES, “there are thousands who would move South if somebody would -start the ball rolling.” These are the conditions. Properly utilized, -they can be made to furnish a wide and rich field for some of the -millions now lying idle and non-productive in the financial centres. - - -The Virginia Legislature and Immigration. - -The legislature of Virginia, in its very proper and commendable desire -to promote immigration to the State, is discussing the enactment of -some extraordinary legislation. A bill now before the senate provides -for the appointment of a commissioner of immigration, who shall keep -on file in his office a description of any lands submitted to him by -any owner or real-estate agent, and shall receive a commission of -not more than 5 per cent. upon the sale of any such lands in lieu of -salary. Evidently, to the mind of the author of this bill, the benefits -of an increase in the population of the State terminate with the sale -of lands, and are confined to owners of such lands. The narrowness of -a measure that would impose upon any one class of people the expense -of an immigration department is manifest. The innumerable and widely -ramifying benefits resulting from judicious immigration effort are -shared by everybody, and the expense should be borne by everybody. - -Aside from this inequity, there are many objections to the plan of -giving the proposed commissioner an interest in the sale of lands. As -an officer of the State he should be free from any possibility of bias -as to any part of the State or any specific properties. - -Let a commissioner of immigration be appointed by all means, and let -an adequate fund be set apart for the expenses of his department, but -let this come out of the receipts from taxes, and thus be equitably -apportioned among all classes. - - -Florida’s Obligation to Mr. Disston. - -To say that no other State owes as much to any one man as Florida owes -to Hamilton Disston, of Philadelphia, is a comprehensive statement, but -it is probably true. About fifteen years ago some Northern capitalists -were induced to consider the idea of building railroads in Florida. -It was found on investigation that the State could not grant any of -its lands to railroad companies, since all the lands of the State were -covered by a general mortgage which had been made to secure the State -bonds. Without this inducement nobody was willing to put a dollar into -railroad building in Florida, for the reason that the early returns -from traffic could not be expected to be such as would justify it. In -this emergency Mr. Disston came to the rescue of the State. He bought -4,000,000 acres of Florida land, paying for it enough to discharge the -entire State debt, thereby releasing the lands owned by the State, -and placing it in a position to make grants to railroads. Immediately -following this, contracts were made with New York capitalists, -and Florida entered upon an era of railroad building and general -development. - -Of course it is beyond question that the enormous resources and -capabilities of Florida would in time have brought railroads, with the -development that accompanies them, but it is also true that but for -this timely intervention and help from Mr. Disston, the beginning of -this period of growth and prosperity would have been delayed, possibly -many years. - -Following this timely succor, Mr. Disston has now put the State under -further obligation to him for one of the most stupendous and one of the -most successful works of general improvement ever undertaken in this -country. As was briefly told in the February number of the SOUTHERN -STATES, he has reclaimed for the State many millions of acres of land -that but for his enterprise would have been permanently a waste. True, -he has himself reaped large rewards, as it is proper that he should -have done, but this does not lessen the benefits the State receives, -and moreover, the risk has been all his own, since the only return -the State was to make to him for the millions of dollars spent in his -drainage works was a share of the lands reclaimed from overflow. - -The value of the services that Mr. Disston has rendered Florida are -beyond estimate. - - -How to Do It. - -The News, of Birmingham, Ala., very correctly maintains that reduced -railroad rates will not accomplish much in the way of inducing -immigration, unless the measure be accompanied by liberal advertising. -The News says: - - Ten good settlers can be brought down from the effects of good - advertising, without any half rates, where one can be brought - down from the mere effects of half rates, and as a rule those - who come solely on account of low rates never become settlers, - but combined, the two do good service, reaching the better - class. - -The SOUTHERN STATES is the channel through which to reach the attention -of the North and Northwest. It is the only Southern immigration -journal; the only publication that can be looked to for information -about the soil, climate, agricultural capabilities, etc., of the whole -South. It is alone in this field. There has never been a time when -there was such eagerness for facts about the South. From New England, -the Middle States, the West, and notably from the Northwest, requests -for sample copies and letters of inquiry about the South are pouring in -upon us. - -Advertisements in the SOUTHERN STATES will be read every month by many -thousands of people all over the North and Northwest, who are eagerly -seeking such information as will enable them to determine what part of -the South is most likely to suit them. - - -No Such Danger. - -The Boston Herald, in an editorial on the work of the SOUTHERN STATES, -says: “The reports are extremely favorable in regard to richness -and variety of crops, and the chief danger seems to be that the -speculators in Southern lands, as well as many of the railroads, hold -their lands at such prices as to dissuade the poorer but industrious -class of immigrants from taking them up.” The danger apprehended by -the Herald does not at all exist. There are many millions of acres of -the best land in the South that can be had for prices that are merely -nominal. The trouble is not that there is any fault to be found with -the land, but there are not people enough in the South to cultivate -more than a small part of the land, and the surplus is, therefore, in -a sense valueless, no matter how rich and productive it may be. There -are a good many millions of acres of railroad land, and in some of -the States State land, that can be had for such prices and upon such -terms as nobody can find fault with. And as to the private holdings of -individuals, there is too much land in every part of the South unused, -and therefore too many owners anxious to sell a part of what they own, -to make possible any speculative putting up of prices. - - -How to Reach Prospective Immigrants. - - That North Carolina needs immigrants of the right kind is too - universally admitted to call for proof; and that all efforts - heretofore made in this direction have been practically - a failure seems also clear. It seems equally clear that - circulars, handbooks and the State press fail of their purpose - in this respect, because they never reach the class we desire - to influence.--The Gazette, Washington, N. C. - -The Gazette is right. Many thousands of dollars are wasted in printing -books and pamphlets that nobody ever reads. There is a way, however, to -reach the class it is desired to influence. It can be done through the -SOUTHERN STATES. The SOUTHERN STATES is a journal of information about -the South. It is engaged in the work of making known the resources in -soil, climate and agricultural capabilities, of the Southern States. -And such is the desire for accurate and comprehensive information about -this section that although the magazine has been in existence only -a year it goes into every part of New England, the Middle States, -the West and the Northwest, and is read by thousands of farmers and -business men who are seeking to inform themselves as to the most -attractive localities in the South. - -The SOUTHERN STATES furnishes a channel through which to reach -effectively the class of possible immigrants needed in the South. - - -Work of Southern Railroads in Promoting Immigration. - -In the general and very proper demand for railroad aid to the cause -of Southern immigration, it should not be forgotten that many of the -Southern roads have been for years giving conspicuous and liberal -attention to this work. Through the efforts of such roads, for -example, as the Mobile & Ohio, the Illinois Central, the Baltimore & -Ohio, the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern, the Missouri, Kansas & -Texas, the St. Louis Southwestern and others, hundreds of thousands -of substantial farmers, artisans and business men have been induced -to move to the South, and all of those roads are constantly enlarging -their immigration work. A notable instance of broad and progressive -management in furtherance of immigration is furnished by the Georgia -Southern & Florida road, whose methods were made the subject of an -article published in the January number of the SOUTHERN STATES. - -Other Southern roads are becoming roused on this subject. The Seaboard -Air Line system, which has a management as progressive and liberal as -any road in the country, is preparing to inaugurate a comprehensive -immigration policy, and the Richmond & Danville road is also adopting -measures to induce Northern farmers to settle along its lines. The -Louisville & Nashville and the Central Railroad of Georgia systems are -also taking advanced steps in the same direction. - - * * * * * - -The introduction of artesian water in some of the Southern towns, -notably Albany and Brunswick, Ga., has revolutionized the health of -those places; the two localities named, which were formerly noted for -the prevalence of malarial and other disorders, being now equally noted -as health resorts. The last Georgia town to enter the artesian well -procession is Quitman, Ga. The April number of the SOUTHERN STATES will -contain an exhaustive article by Mr. James R. Randall, on drinking -water. Mr. Randall has for many years been making investigations on -this subject, and his article will be a revelation, not only to the -general public, but to most physicians and hygienists as well. - - * * * * * - -The Augusta Chronicle, quoting the sage remark of a man who had amassed -much wealth, who when asked how he had made his money, said that he -always bought when everybody wanted to sell, and sold when everybody -wanted to buy, urges that the present is the time for people with money -to make investments. Prices of every sort have reached a minimum, and -in view of the assured early reaction and the inevitable rebound to -very high prices that will follow the long term of depression, this -would seem to be as the Chronicle suggests, the time to buy things. - - * * * * * - -No sooner is Atlanta well under way with its great International -Exposition project for 1895 than Macon comes to the front with an -exposition enterprise of its own. A movement has been started to hold -an exposition in the fall of 1894. These Georgia towns are great -hustlers. - - * * * * * - -In Mr. Clark Bell’s article, published elsewhere, there is this -statement: - - “Austin Corbin, one of our greatest railroad workers, - transports free over his railways every pound of material - an actual settler puts on his land in improvements. I would - advocate free transportation of the household goods of every - actual Northern settler by your great railway lines.” - -This is commended to the attention of Southern railroad managers. - - * * * * * - -The Legislature of Virginia seems to have some spite against real -estate agents. Not satisfied with the present burdensome and wholly -unjust tax imposed upon real estate dealers in the State, it is -proposed now to make the real estate agents bear the expense of a State -immigration commission. - - * * * * * - -Mr. John T. Patrick, of Southern Pines, N. C., secretary of the -Southern Bureau of Information, deserves much commendation for his -enterprise and public spirit in having arranged for an excursion -through the South of the editors of a number of leading Northern -medical journals. This undertaking of Mr. Patrick’s is in furtherance -of an effort to correct the impression that still exists in the minds -of a great many Northern people that the South is an unhealthful -section. - - * * * * * - -At the last meeting of the Commercial & Industrial association, of -Montgomery, Ala., the president said in his monthly report: “The -association should advertise the city and hold forth its advantages in -every way possible which will attract capital and cause enterprising -citizens to locate here. A new era of growth and enterprise will come -apace and Montgomery should be prepared to reap the rewards that -flow from it.” This admonishment may be heeded with profit by every -community in the South. - - * * * * * - -Mr. Clark Bell, the writer of the article on the fruit growing -possibilities of the South Atlantic seaboard, is a New York lawyer, -and editor of the Medico-Legal journal of New York. He has had a quite -extensive practical experience in fruit growing, and his judgment as to -the capabilities of the South for this branch of agriculture is that of -a competent expert. Mr. Bell was one of the party of editors of medical -journals who recently made a tour of the South Atlantic States under -the auspices of the Southern Bureau of Information, located at Southern -Pines, N. C. - - * * * * * - -It seems incomprehensible to a Southern man that there should be any -doubt in the minds of Northern people as to whether Northern settlers -will be well received in the South or not. Mr. Clark Bell, in an -article in this number, says: “Northern settlers would, strange as it -may sound to you, need to be assured in these respects,” and he thinks -it necessary to quote the assurances on this point that he had from -distinguished Southern gentlemen. Not only will Northern farmers and -business men be well received in the South, but they will find awaiting -them a most eager welcome. The newspaper utterances all over the South, -the statements of public men, the personal letters to the newspapers -from farmers and merchants, the actions of commercial bodies, indicate -not only a welcome to the Northern settler, but a keen appreciation of -the value to the South of immigration from the North, and a most eager -desire for this immigration. No Northern man, who is respectable enough -to have standing in his own community at home, need have any fear but -that he will find in the South the utmost consideration and good will. - - * * * * * - -The superior train service on the Chesapeake & Ohio is well known to -all patrons of that system. During the month of January train No. 1 -made the run between Washington, D. C., and Cincinnati, twenty-nine -days, exactly on time, and on the other two days lost but twenty -minutes. Train No. 2 made every trip between the cities on time, and -the “Fast Flying Virginian,” one of the finest express trains in the -country, reached Cincinnati thirty out of thirty-one trips on time, -although it was an hour late out of Washington on seven trips, caused -by waiting for connections. This is a month’s record that the operating -department can be proud of. - - - - -Immigration News. - - -The Yazoo Delta. - -The assistant land commissioner of the Illinois Central Railroad, Major -G. W. McGinnis, in a recent interview on the subject of immigration to -the Yazoo Delta, spoke as follows: - -“I believe that the time has now come for the introduction of white -labor. Our road, besides having agents all over the Northwest, have men -in Germany and also in Holland, gathering families together to settle -up our land. There are many residents of Dakota and other Northwestern -States who want a milder and a better climate, with a soil more fertile -than that of the Northwest. All these advantages are possessed by the -Delta. - -“The greatest interest is manifested in the movement. Scarcely a day -passes but what we receive from fifty to seventy-five letters of -inquiry. - -“The colonists who have already taken advantage of our offers and -settled along the Delta, are making money hand over fist. They are -raising cotton, corn, vegetables, stock and fruit. The largest peaches -I ever saw in my life came from the Delta. - -“When our work is done we will see every man his own landlord, and by -the way, these foreigners are apt to steer clear of that condition, so -prevalent in the South, of being land poor. They want no more land than -they can cultivate with the aid of their families, say forty acres. In -fact, some of them buy no more than twenty. They make up the greatest -population for agricultural districts possible to imagine. They have -made the Northwest what it is. - -“When the movement is once fairly started there will be no stopping the -rush of immigration. Northern people all move in bodies. When one comes -all come.” - - -Alabama Farmers Invite Settlers From the North. - -The following resolutions were adopted at a meeting of the State -Agricultural Society of Alabama, held at Birmingham, February 23: - -_Resolved_, By the State Agricultural Society of Alabama, that we -invite to Alabama all honest and industrious farmers that should be -desirous of changing their home, and extend to them a cordial welcome, -assuring them that the right hand of fellowship will be extended to -them, and that feeling that is always accorded one good citizen from -another will be extended to them by the farmers of the State. - -_Resolved_ (2), That we will cordially indorse and sustain our -honorable commissioner of agriculture and his excellency, the governor -of Alabama, in a vigorous and continuous effort for immigration made -through the Department of Agriculture under existing law. At the same -meeting, Mr. Chappell Cory, editor of the Birmingham Age-Herald, read -by invitation a paper in advocacy of efforts to induce immigration from -the North. - - -The Railroads and Immigration. - -The organization of land companies for the purpose of inducing -immigration to West Tennessee is most commendable, especially when -these companies are conducted upon the plan of that one which proposes -to open up the territory along the line of the Paducah, Tennessee & -Alabama railroad. The capital of the company is very small, and there -is little profit in the enterprise for those who have formed the -company. They intend merely to direct the attention of immigrants to -the advantages which this heaven-blest region holds for the thrifty -and hard-working farmer. The road is a new one, but it runs through a -most fertile region, especially adapted to small farming. The Illinois -Central railroad has done much to attract settlers to Mississippi, and -every railroad in this section should be equally alert. It was the -railroad agent who made States out of Territories in the Northwest, -and it is a most assuring sign that he is now taking hold of the -Southern country. The railroad company is the best of all immigration -or colonization societies. It can accomplish more at less expense -than any other. The example set, therefore, by the officials of the -Paducah, Tennessee & Alabama, is commendable in the highest degree. The -prosperity of a railroad depends upon the population of the country -through which it runs, and the more rapidly the country is built up the -sooner will the stockholders realize upon their investment. The public -has a profound interest in such enterprises. The Appeal-Avalanche has -no support to give to purely speculative and boom schemes, but it is -in favor of all enterprises the object of which is to put forward the -advantages of soil, climate and distributing facilities which Tennessee -and other Southern States enjoy to such an exceptional degree.--Memphis -Appeal-Avalanche. - - -The Louisville & Nashville is Pushing Immigration Work. - -Col. C. P. Atmore, the general passenger agent of the Louisville & -Nashville railroad, is pushing the matter of immigration to the South -with great vigor. When approached on the subject recently he said that -the Louisville & Nashville road had several agents in the Northwest and -in Europe, who were sending families down rapidly. It is the intention -of the road to put between 200 and 300 families on its line between -Paris and Memphis. - -The Louisville & Nashville is now running home-seekers’ excursions -from points at a rate of one fare for the round trip, with a view to -encouraging the movement. It owns many thousand acres of land between -New Orleans and Flomaton, Ala., and also between Pensacola and River -Junction. - -On the Nashville, Sheffield and Florence branch of the line in question -there is a Norwegian colony of about 200 families. This colony has done -remarkably well, and the road is much pleased with its venture. - - -The Texas Coast Section Filling Up. - -At Velasco, Texas, recently several carloads of fine draft stock -belonging to newly arrived farmers from Nebraska were received, and the -next day several carloads of household goods for another colony from -Kansas, who had bought farms in Brazoria county, were unloading. M. M. -Miller, of the Velasco National Bank, and others have received letters -from parties who are coming with families and stock from both of these -States and from New Mexico, Iowa, Missouri and Illinois. - -At the present rate Brazoria county’s population, it is said, will -be doubled by the end of the present year; at least 90 per cent. of -increase began coming in less than two years ago. - - -Colonization Plans for Florida. - -Mr. O. J. Johnson, excursion, land and colonization agent, of -Minneapolis, has been prospecting in Florida for a site for settling -immigrants from the North and Northwest. - -Mr. Johnson will take a good many hundred people South, he says, if -he has the right encouragement. He was the immigration agent of the -Northern Pacific railroad for nine years. - -Four business men of Minneapolis are interested with Mr. Johnson. They -are Mr. N. C. Westerfield, Dr. William E. Wheelock, Messrs. P. S. McKay -and C. E. Channel. Their idea is to purchase a tract of land of from -10,000 acres upward, divide it into smaller farms and lots and then -sell these lots to such settlers as they want. - -“I’ve had a deal of experience in this line,” said Mr. Johnson, “and -know what is to be done. I am well satisfied with Florida’s climate and -attractions, and know that we can settle many hundreds of good people. -We have a large number of inquiries already, and I am satisfied we can -place all the people we want to handle. The farmers of Dakota and other -points in the Northwest are dissatisfied, and hundreds and hundreds of -them will come the moment they are assured that this State promises -them a fair living with the work they have to devote now to a mere -existence.” - - -A Fruit-Growing Association to Locate in Texas. - -Officers of the Rock Island Fruit Growers’ and Improvement Association -are in Texas inspecting lands. It is the purpose of the association to -acquire a large tract of land in the Gulf coast region of Texas, in -the centre of which to lay out a town site, giving to each member of -the association a town lot. A maximum and minimum ownership of land is -restricted by the by-laws of the association. Reservations are made for -school, church, town hall, park and cemetery purposes. No lands can be -held in unimproved state for speculation; a certain portion of each -owner’s land must be improved during the first year by planting fruit, -vegetables or other horticultural products, and at least two acres -additional each succeeding year until each owner’s lands are under -cultivation. When the products are ready to ship the shipments will be -made in car lots to the most advantageous markets of the country. - -The association expects to number 100 families, composed of persons -who will go into the Texas coast region and make their homes, their -previous occupations having been fruit growers, gardeners, mechanics -from the government works on the island of Rock Island, clerks, -artisans, etc. While their fruit trees are developing the members of -the association will raise garden truck for shipment. The officers of -the association propose visiting the most advantageous sections of -the Gulf coast, from Houston to Corpus Christi, and will devote about -four weeks time to that purpose. The originator of the enterprise is -Mr. I. E. Whistler, whose attention was directed to Texas as a fruit -growing country by seeing and testing some fine specimens of peaches -shipped from Tyler, Texas, last June to New York City, which rivaled -the best California peaches in size, and far surpassed them in flavor. -The officers of the association making this tour are I. E. Whistler, -president; J. O. Logan, vice-president, and W. E. Hilton, trustee. - - -The Great Work of the Mobile & Ohio. - -Although the Mobile & Ohio Railroad only traverses a few miles -of Alabama, yet it has done probably more in the way of inducing -immigration to the State since 1890 than any other line, through -extensive advertising, combined with excellent folders and maps, which -have been extensively distributed through Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, -Illinois, Wisconsin, Missouri, Iowa, Kansas, etc. They also pursue the -same liberal policy with local land agents and all engaged in promoting -immigration along their road, distributing their advertising matter, -and granting to them courtesies which are necessary to insure local -parties to endeavor to give them the benefit of their work in securing -immigrants. Alabama wants 10,000 families from the North to settle -within her borders in the next twelve months, and only by hard combined -work of the people and railways can it be accomplished, and now is the -time to organize and keep the ball rolling. Let us get a move on us in -this matter, and we can accomplish our object.--The News, Birmingham, -Ala. - - -Farmers to Organise an Immigration Society. - -The farmers around Augusta, Ga., are becoming interested in a proposed -plan to organize an immigration society, and many have expressed a -desire to take an active part in perfecting a permanent organization -of that kind. - -A prominent merchant farmer from Wilkes county stated recently that the -people of his section of the country were very much enthused over the -organization of an immigration society in Augusta. - -“You would be greatly surprised,” he said, “to know how many of our -merchants and planters have taken up the idea, and how anxious they -are to see such an organization established at Augusta. Our people are -willing to help in every way possible, for they realize that they are -to reap the benefits, and consequently are desirous of sharing the -labors. - -“You see, the farmers are generally land poor throughout the entire -country, and what they want to do is to get some one who will work, and -take some of it off their hands.” - - -Immigration Bill Before the Virginia Legislature. - -The legislature of Virginia is trying to devise some method to promote -immigration to the State. A bill has been introduced in the Senate, -creating the office of Commissioner of Immigration of Virginia, and -providing for the election of such an officer, who shall properly -advertise the advantages of the State and shall, at the request of any -real estate agent or owner of land, keep on file a list of lands for -sale and shall refer all contemplating purchasers impartially to the -various sections of the State, according to their requirements. - -It is provided that the commissioner shall receive a commission of -not more than 5 per cent. upon the sale of any lands sold through his -department. Any owner of land situate in Virginia shall have the right -to list for sale the same with the Commissioner of Immigration, who -shall advertise, without cost to the owner, the fact that such lands -are offered for sale. - -The bill concludes by providing that the expenses attached to such -an office shall be paid out of the fund arising from the tax on -manufacturers of fertilizers. - - * * * * * - -Colonel E. S. Jemison, president; M. G. Howe, general manager; Major -Tom Cronin, superintendent, and General John M. Claiborne, immigration -agent of the Houston East and West Texas railway, are trying to -interest the people along their line in some plan whereby immigration -can be brought to that section of the State. - - * * * * * - -Mr. J. T. Merry, of Harlem county, Nebraska, writes from Velasco, -Texas, to his home paper as follows: - -“Here we are in Velasco, Texas, the land of sunshine and flowers. -Surely this is destined to be a large city; within three miles of the -mouth of the Brazos river, and a large, deep harbor, where ships come -and go at pleasure, and load right here in this city heavier than -at any point on the Gulf coast. Of course the country is new, but -vegetables and fruit trees of all kinds are growing nicely. Good fruit -and vegetable land can be bought from $4 to $12 per acre. The country -all around, except on the Gulf side, is a gentle undulated plain, which -is being settled with people from the Northern part of the State and -from the Dakotas and Nebraska in the main, and Iowa, though some are -from Missouri and other points.” - - * * * * * - -A Swedish gentleman who has had considerable experience in establishing -colonies of his countrymen in the United States, has been conferring -with Mr. John M. Lee, of Shreveport, La., representing the land -department of the Vicksburg, Shreveport & Pacific Railroad Co., and -looking over the ground, and says he can locate several hundred -families if the conditions are favorable. - - * * * * * - -Mr. W. E. Pabor, founder of the Pabor Lake colony, near Fort Meade, -Fla., has recently been visiting his old home, Denver, Col., and has -induced a number of families to move to Florida. - - * * * * * - -There is more land open to settlement in Arkansas than there was in the -Cherokee Strip. The Little Rock Democrat wisely says: “Counting all -kinds of our public lands in Arkansas, government, State and railroad, -we have nearly 7,000,000 acres. If we could divide these lands into -homestead tracts, advertise them extensively and donate them at stated -periods to actual settlers, what an impetus would be given to the -State. What the State needs is not money for her lands, but active -and enterprising home builders, who would become wealth producers -and tax builders. A liberal land policy on the part of the State and -the railroads would soon result in a vast increase in our wealth and -population.” - - * * * * * - -One of the largest excursion parties of land-seekers that ever went -South over the Mobile & Ohio railroad arrived at Mobile lately in -charge of Mr. F. W. Greene, general agent of the Mobile & Ohio -railroad, at St. Louis. The party consisted of all classes of -home-seekers and investors, who have become interested in that section -of country through the efforts of the passenger department of the -Mobile & Ohio railroad. Over 200 people made up the excursion, some -stopping off at places in Mississippi and Alabama. They went from -Michigan, Illinois, Iowa, South Dakota, Indiana and Ohio. - - * * * * * - -Further developments regarding the steamship line to be established -between Galveston and Denmark indicate that it will be of great -importance to the Southwest. It is intended to use the vessels in -transporting immigrants from Norway, Sweden and Northern Europe direct -to Texas and the West by way of Galveston. Heretofore these passengers -have been sent to New York, and from that point reached their future -home by rail. The Fort Worth Chamber of Commerce has become interested -in the project and heartily approves it. Vice-Consul Thygge Sogart, of -Denmark, now located in Kansas City, is a promoter of the line. - - * * * * * - -Mr. Hamilton Disston says that Mr. Schulzen, a prominent Scandinavian, -will establish a Scandinavian colony near Kissimmee. Mr. Disston met -Mr. Schulzen at the Columbian Exposition, and impressed him with the -fertility of the soil of Southern Florida, and advised him to try it. -This he did, and became so satisfied with the prolific growth of sugar -and peaches that arrangements have been made to settle Scandinavians on -the South Florida railway, between Runnymede and Kissimmee, at once. -Mr. Schulzen’s father and brother are now North disposing of their -farms preparatory to settling in Florida. - - * * * * * - -The last monthly report of the president of the Commercial Industrial -Association, of Montgomery, Ala., contained this paragraph: - -“There is now a general interest in the subject of immigration to the -South. The marked falling off in railroad earnings, with prospects for -continued small returns, has aroused the great lines in the South to -the necessity of making well directed efforts to induce Northern and -Western people to visit the South and invest along the various roads. -Some of the leading lines have called conventions of their agents to -discuss ways and means to promote an increase of traffic and business. -This association, with the other commercial bodies of the State, will -assist in every laudable effort to induce desirable people to build up -the waste places of the State, increase the population and promote the -general prosperity.” - - * * * * * - -The North Alabama Immigration Company is an organization formed at -Florence, Ala., for the purpose of bringing immigrants to Lauderdale -county and surrounding sections. The officers are J. Overton Ewin, -president; R. G. Banks, general manager; R. T. Simpson, Jr., attorney, -and John Rather Jones, secretary and treasurer. The company expects -to take several excursion parties to that section of Alabama from the -Northwest. Dr. N. A. Nelson is the Northwestern agent at Dawson, Minn. - - * * * * * - -The section of the valley of Virginia around Lexington has attracted -some attention from prospective purchasers from the North, West and -Northwest, who are going to locate at some point in the Shenandoah -Valley. Additional inquiries are being made for homes and farms, and -the prospects are that as soon as the weather opens a number of these -parties will pay that section a visit to look over the country. - - * * * * * - -The immigration movement to Southwest Texas is progressing at a lively -rate. The new settlers are mostly from Kansas and Nebraska. - - * * * * * - -C. R. Camp, a home-seekers’ traveling agent, expects to take an -excursion of Northwestern farmers to points in the South some time -in March. His plan is to inaugurate a series of monthly excursions, -beginning about March 1 and continuing twelve months. He says the class -of people he will bring South are among the best citizens of the North -and Northwest, farmers who are hard working and practical, who want -good farming land, and are making the change on account of the climate. - - * * * * * - -A large number of farmers from Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois and Kansas, -have settled in the neighborhood of Port Lavaca, Texas. It is here that -the Phillips Land Co., of Kansas City, Mo., has bought some 6000 acres -of land, and divided it up into small farms for German colonists. - - * * * * * - -On February 16th a party of sixty persons from Iowa and Nebraska -reached Fort Worth, Texas, on the way to the Gulf Coast to investigate -the fruit-growing capabilities of that region. Most of the party are -descendants of the people who built up Nebraska, and made that State -take a front rank among the wealth-producing States of the Union. While -most of them are doing well at home, they are anxious to live in a more -congenial climate, and have had their eyes on Texas for a long time. - - * * * * * - -In consequence of numerous inquiries from the Northwestern States, Mr. -M. V. Richards, of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co., has arranged -a number of special rate land excursions, as they are called, from -Chicago and points west of the Ohio river to Baltimore & Ohio points -in the Shenandoah Valley, in order to induce settlers to come to -this region. Mr. Richards intends to make the most of the reduction -in rates allowed by the Southern Passenger Association on certain -dates in February, March and April for the purpose of aiding Southern -immigration. - - * * * * * - -A large number of land seekers recently visited Crowley, La., and -most of them bought property. Indiana and Nebraska were among the -States represented. The visitors report great dissatisfaction among -the farmers of their States, and say that Louisiana will receive many -immigrants this year. - - * * * * * - -Messrs. Sappington & Howell, Little Rock, Ark., are working on a -plan to combine the State and railway lands in Arkansas, aggregating -7,000,000 acres, and offer them for sale at nominal prices on an -opening day, to be fixed. - - * * * * * - -A dispatch from Rockford, Ill., says that quite a company of Rockford’s -Swedish population are planning to move down to Mississippi this spring. - - * * * * * - -The Chamber of Commerce of Huntsville, Ala., is in receipt of many -letters from the West asking about farm lands in the neighborhood. -Huntsville is one of the most delightful towns in the South. It is -surrounded by a splendid farming country. - - * * * * * - -Norwegian prospectors are going into Lawrence county, Tenn., every day -and the majority of them buy homes. There are over 100 families here. -They are good farmers and make good citizens. - - * * * * * - -A movement is on foot to locate upon the rich prairie and timbered -lands adjacent to and just west of Charlotte Harbor, Fla., a colony of -Bohemian agriculturists. - - * * * * * - -It is reported that a tract of land aggregating about 12,500 acres, at -Wilson Station, Ala., on the Louisville & Nashville railroad, has been -bought for a German colony. The first settlement will be named “Milton -Grove,” in honor of Mr. Milton H. Smith, president of the Louisville & -Nashville railroad. - - * * * * * - -A recent settler at North LeRoy, Fla., is so much delighted with -the country that he has persuaded seventeen families of his former -neighbors in Missouri to move to Florida. - - * * * * * - -The business men of Baton Rouge, La., are organizing a development -club, to further the interest in securing immigration, etc. - - * * * * * - -A party of twenty Illinois capitalists, including Mr. A. L. Klank, a -nurseryman of Champaign, Ill., has been looking over Arkansas with a -view to making large investments in fruit farms. - - * * * * * - -The Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railway recently took 200 -home-seekers to Texas from Kansas and Nebraska, and 400 more were to -follow. - - * * * * * - -It is said that a transaction is now under way by which 3000 families, -representing a population of 15,000, are to be located in the Yazoo -Delta. - -[Illustration] - - - - -REAL ESTATE NEWS. - - -Baltimore’s Suburban Development. - -The annual report of the Roland Park Co., of Baltimore, makes a -showing that, considering the extreme business depression of the last -year and a half, is quite remarkable. The Roland Park Co. is engaged -in developing a fine suburban residence park north of Baltimore, -three or four miles from the centre of the city. The first building -operations were begun in October, 1892. The first house was completed -early in the spring of 1893. On the 30th of December, 1893, the date -to which the annual report is brought down, the residences built and -under construction represented a total cost of more than $300,000. In -the space of a year a locality that was in effect nothing more than -farm property has been transformed during a period of unprecedented -financial and business stagnation into a beautiful and rapidly -growing residence suburb, with all the comforts and conveniences and -appurtenances of life in the thickly built up part of the city. Between -thirty and forty families have moved out to the park for permanent -residence, and are living in houses that cost from $4000 to $15,000 -each. At the initiation of this enterprise there was not a man in -Baltimore who would have looked for such development as this, even with -favorable business conditions. - -Baltimore is an anomaly in this matter of suburban residence. Up to -two or three years ago the city had no rapid transit, and consequently -no suburban development. Its half million people lived in compactly -built rows of brick houses, having neither front nor side yards. The -enterprise of the Roland Park Co. was the first suburban development -undertaking of a high class and on a large scale. Messrs. Jarvis and -Conklin, of Kansas City and New York, who have invested in this country -something over $30,000,000 of English money, bought 500 or 600 acres of -land immediately north of Baltimore, and proceeded to develop it as a -first-class residence suburb. An avenue 120 feet wide was constructed -through the property, and a double track electric road was built -through the property to a resort at Lake Roland, and coming down to -the centre of the city at the City Hall and postoffice. A system of -water works, a complete scientific sewerage system, paved roadways, -asphalt sidewalks, along which shade trees were set out, and electric -lights and other conveniences and accessories to comfort were provided. -Under the management of Mr. Edward H. Bouton, the vice-president and -general manager of the company, the progress that has been made in -the actual building up of the locality has been much beyond what was -expected, and there are many reasons for the assurance that this will -seem small in comparison with the progress that will be made during the -coming spring and summer. - -The present high rate of taxation in the city proper, and the recent -large expenditures for public improvements that will necessitate an -early increase in the tax rate are tending to send people into the -suburbs. This and many other potent causes point to a rapid building up -of Baltimore’s suburban territory. - - -Substantial Improvement at Atlanta. - -Real estate is getting active at Atlanta. One firm alone, since January -1st, has sold $128,000 worth of property in the city and vicinity. -Samuel Goode, a realty expert, gives the following opinion of the -outlook in Atlanta: - -“The practical certainty that the United States prison will be located -in Atlanta, the direct probability that the Grand Army of the Republic -will hold its next convention here, and the settled fact that the -greatest exposition ever seen in the South will be opened here in -1895--these things combined have given our people hope and confidence -in the continued rapid growth of Atlanta, and the timid have begun to -find courage enough to turn their money loose for loans and direct -investments in real estate. Indeed, the change for the better has -been very perceptible to dealers in the last sixty days. It is not -any particular advance in prices which is so marked, because, in this -respect there has never been any falling off, but it is the fact that -people are beginning to buy at the normal prices. The best prices -realized for property at all have been obtained within the past six -months. - -“Another evidence of returning confidence and activity is found in the -desire and willingness of owners to sell their property at auction. We -already have a variety of property to be thus sold early this spring. -There has been a spirit of fairness and liberality manifested by -our citizens, one towards another, in the past year, which is truly -commendable; and the result is that creditors basing their security -upon real estate have not forced property for sale and broken prices -and distressed if not ruined their debtors; but they have exercised a -wise forbearance, and will soon be rewarded by full payment of all that -is due them, and values have been sustained in Atlanta as in no other -city within my knowledge. All signs point to an active spring market, -and to the investing here of much outside capital.” - - -Suburban Development at New Orleans. - -A syndicate of St. Louis people is constructing a suburban residence -park at New Orleans. A body of land recently bought for that purpose -measures about 700 feet frontage on St. Charles street by 8000 feet -deep. The plans call for an ornamental entrance in the middle of the -front, and a graveled driveway through the middle of the plat. As -projected the entrance will be defended by handsome gates, the carriage -opening being about 100 feet wide, and two gates for foot passengers -on either side. Electric lights, prettily arranged, will stud the edge -of the arch leading to the apex, where an ornamental structure of iron -work will support additional bulbs. About 1500 feet of roadway have -been built, leading from the gateway back into the grounds, while equal -distances of Schillinger pavement have been laid on either side. A plat -has been reserved in the middle for shade trees and shrubbery. - - * * * * * - -The Capital City Real Estate and Investment Company, with a capital -stock of $30,000, has been organized at Austin, Texas. H. P. N. Gammel -is president. - - * * * * * - -Daytona, Fla., is rejoicing in much real estate activity. - - * * * * * - -Two of the most noted stock farms in Kentucky, both near Lexington, -have recently been sold. Mr. Jno. T. Hughes, the well-known horseman, -has purchased the Prince George place for a reported sum of $60,000. -J. R. Keene, the Eastern horseman, has bought the Castleton farm, the -property of Colonel Ford, of Virginia. The price is given as $70,000. - - * * * * * - -The Southern Farm Agency, of Lynchburg, Va., has recently sold some -farms to Northern people, and advertises in this issue of the SOUTHERN -STATES a number of very fine properties that can be had at very low -prices. The Southern Farm Agency, by the way, is one of the most -enterprising and progressive real estate concerns in the South. - - * * * * * - -The president of the Commercial and Industrial Association of -Montgomery, Ala., in his last monthly report, says: “The real-estate -market of Montgomery shows some evidences of improvement. From returns -compiled of this city for the month of January it is shown that the -increase of sales is more than 20 per cent. over the corresponding -month of last year. The values of desirable business and residence -property and also of well situated and improved agricultural lands have -remained steady and are firmly held. It is also believed the spring -and summer will show still greater activity, with perhaps an increase -in values. There are comparatively few vacant houses for a city of -Montgomery’s size, but the prospects and building operations will show -some falling off the coming year.” - - * * * * * - -A tract of 1575 acres near Velasco, Texas, has been sold to J. B. -Wagoner and J. T. Gould, of Eureka, Ill., for $19,687. - - * * * * * - -The late S. S. Houghton, a millionaire, and head of the noted Boston -dry-goods house of Houghton & Dutton, built a few years ago a -magnificent winter residence at Homosassa on the gulf coast of Florida. -Mr. Houghton died last spring, and his widow has sold the Homosassa -estate to Mr. J. A. Rowell, vice-president of the Merchants’ National -Bank, Ocala. The building and grounds are said to have cost $100,000. - - * * * * * - -The building occupied for nearly thirty years by the People’s Bank in -Louisville, Ky., has been sold to the Bank of Commerce, and will in a -few weeks be occupied by the last-named institution. The price paid was -$27,000. - - * * * * * - -A delegation of Northern lumbermen, under the charge of E. C. Randall, -a real estate operator of Chicago, recently spent some time inspecting -timber lands in South Arkansas. - - * * * * * - -The Little Rock (Ark.) Gazette publishes lists of recent land transfers -in that city and in the county, from which it appears that the -real-estate business of that locality is not suffering much from the -hard times. - - * * * * * - -The governor of Arkansas and the State Commissioner of mines, -manufactures and agriculture have invited the real-estate dealers of -the State to file with them descriptions of properties for sale in -order that they may have definite information to furnish people who -are seeking homes in Arkansas and write to them for information about -prices and location of lands. - - * * * * * - -It is said at Fort Worth, Texas, that there has not been for years -such demand and inquiry for property as there is now. The influx of -immigration has been unprecedented, especially in North and West Texas, -many of the newcomers having located in Tarrant county, in which Fort -Worth is situated. Renting agents report that the demand for houses -largely exceeds the supply. - - * * * * * - -The Texas land office has leased 375,000 acres of land to J. S. -Daugherty, of Dallas, Texas, for a term of five years. This is said -to be the largest amount of land ever leased to any one person by the -State. The lease will bring a revenue to the public free school fund of -$15,000 annually. - - * * * * * - -The Southern Farm Agency, of Lynchburg, Va., has just sold to Mr. A. -E. Miltimore, of Catskill, N. Y., 2000 acres of land in Appomattox -county, on the Norfolk & Western Railroad. Mr. Miltimore has already -taken down several carloads of sheep and horses, and intends making it -a fine stock farm, for which, in many respects, it is said to be most -admirably adapted. - - * * * * * - -Mr. George H. Zerr, of Reading, Pa., has purchased a fine estate near -Morrisville, Fauquier county, Va., and will reside there. - - * * * * * - -Pittsburg capitalists have bought thirty-two acres of land near -Wheeling, W. Va. - - * * * * * - -Florence, S. C., is having considerable real estate activity. - - * * * * * - -Mr. W. P. Clyde, of the Clyde Steamship Co., has bought 2000 acres of -land on Hilton Head Island, near Beaufort, S. C., at $3.00 an acre. Mr. -Clyde was already the owner of a farm on the island. - - * * * * * - -The annual statement of the Roanoke Development Co. for 1893, recently -issued, shows a satisfactory state of affairs. Shareholders have -purchased nearly $282,000 worth of the company’s lots, paying for them -partly in stock. In addition to this the company sold $14,258 worth of -lots to outsiders. Thus far the sales have amounted to $340,428, which -is an average price of $2535 per acre. The company still has 1153 acres -unsold. The officers of the company are P. L. Terry, president; Malcolm -W. Bryan, vice-president; S. W. Jamison, treasurer; L. R. Sollenberger, -secretary. - - * * * * * - -George Logan, of Salem, Va., has just bought a farm of 318 acres -adjacent to that town for $9000. - - * * * * * - -E. F. Porter, one of the leading lumbermen of Kansas City, has been -down to inspect with a view to purchasing a tract of 25,000 acres of -pine and oak timber land in South Arkansas owned by the land department -of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway. - - * * * * * - -A large tract of land, known as Cliffbourne, at Rock Creek Park, -near Washington, D. C., was sold recently to Francis G. Newlands for -$185,000. - - * * * * * - -A farm of 265 acres near Staunton, Va., has been sold by J. B. Smith -and H. G. Eichelberger, of Staunton, to a gentleman from Maine, who -will move down with his family. - - * * * * * - -Mr. O. Van Buskirk, of Mt. Sterling, Ohio, has bought 330 acres of land -near Florence, Ala., and will move there. Several families besides his -own will accompany him. - - * * * * * - -Mr. R. S. Oglesby, of Lynchburg, Va., recently sold a farm in Bedford -county to James W. Dawson, of the John Shillito Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. - - * * * * * - -The real estate agents in the South who are known in the North and West -are receiving constant inquiries about farm lands. The majority of -inquiries seem to come from Dakota. - - * * * * * - -E. Mallen, of Ironwood, Mich., has purchased a farm near Cloverdale, -Ala., and is interesting some of his fellow countrymen in Lauderdale -county. Mr. Mallen is a Finlander, and has been farming a number of -years in the Northwest. A number of his friends expect to buy farms and -locate in the same county. - - * * * * * - -There has been lately a decided improvement in the demand for stores -and business places in Richmond, Va. Messrs. J. Thompson Brown & Co. -report a number of large leases. - - * * * * * - -The town of Springfield, Fla., is enjoying a building boom. About -thirty dwellings are being erected, and a number of residences and -stores are being planned. Real estate business is brisk. - - * * * * * - -A ranch, in Calhoun Co., Texas, two miles from Port Lavacca, containing -22,000 acres owned by Mr. W. H. Thomas, has been bought by a Northern -syndicate for $132,000. It will be cut up into small tracts and -colonized. The plans for its development also provide for the building -of factories, hotel, &c. - - * * * * * - -The Vicksburg, Shreveport & Pacific Railroad Co. has sold to Otto -Plock, of Paris, France, 7,554 acres of land situated in Ouachita -Parish, La. The consideration was $26,440.68 cash. It is said to be the -purpose of the purchaser to establish a large colony of Swedes on these -lands, selling the lands to them in small lots on easy payments. - - * * * * * - -Real estate continues active at Fort Worth, Texas. There is a great -demand for small houses. “If I had twenty-five such houses today I -could rent them all before night,” said Mr. W. R. Sanner, a real estate -agent. “I do not know a better investment,” he continued, “than to -build such residences, with modern improvements, to cost from $1,000 -to $2,500.” Messrs. Huffman & Co. have in hand a trade in adjacent -counties, for Ohio parties, which represent the sum of $20,000. -California parties are negotiating for pasture land held at $16,000. - - * * * * * - -Messrs. J. Thompson Brown & Co., Richmond, Va., received recently a -letter from Callao, Peru, from a gentleman who wishes to purchase real -estate at Richmond. The same firm reports that every mail brings them -from two to five letters from parties in the West and Northwest, who -write they have decided to settle in Virginia, and want information as -to real estate, etc. In the past ten days they have been in negotiation -with one or more parties in Ohio, Michigan, New York, Minnesota, -Chicago, Pennsylvania, Colorado, St. Paul, Indiana, Illinois, Nebraska, -Kansas, Wisconsin, and other points who wish to purchase farms, -manufacturing or building sites. From one of the locations named they -are trying to locate a colony of fifty families on a tract of 5000 -acres. - - * * * * * - -A dispatch from Rocky Mount, N. C., states that parties from the North -are negotiating to purchase 20,000 acres of land in Nash and Halifax -counties for development and investment. - - * * * * * - -The Island City Abstract Co. has been organized at Galveston, Texas, -with H. M. Truehart, president; I. A. Harrington, secretary, and Joseph -Lobit, treasurer, and $20,000 capital. - - * * * * * - -“The Real Estate, Title and Guarantee Co.,” has been organized at -Newport News, Va., with the following named officers: Carter M. -Braxton, president; L. P. Stearns, vice-president; Charles Sheppard, -secretary; Arthur Lee, treasurer. The capital is $100,000. - - * * * * * - -A New York capitalist has just invested $62,500 in real estate in New -Orleans. The transaction was made through Messrs. Robinson & Underwood, -real estate agents, New Orleans, who state that other purchases will -follow this. - - * * * * * - -Messrs. G. M. Reynolds & Co., of Norfolk, Va., sold recently a number -of lots adjacent to Portsmouth, improved and unimproved, for an -aggregate of $13,000. - - - - -NOTES OF SOUTHERN PROGRESS. - - -Atlanta’s Proposed Exposition. - -The people of Atlanta are pushing their proposed exposition with the -same vigor with which they undertook the preliminary organization. The -enthusiasm which has marked every step of progress shows how thoroughly -in earnest Atlanta is, and gives promise of what may be expected from -the exposition. Director-General Palmer is getting his working force -into good shape, and reports that from all sections of the country -the most hearty and enthusiastic commendations are being received. -If carried out on the scope upon which it has been planned, this -exposition will be for the South what the World’s Fair was for Chicago -and the country at large. It will centre in the South an amount of -interest scarcely appreciated now, but which will mean the investment -of many millions and in time of many hundreds of millions of dollars. -It will also mean a stimulation of the Southward trend of population, -and thousands who are thinking of moving South will be determined by -the work of the exposition. Everything indicates that the exposition -will be on a scale far surpassing anything that has ever before been -seen in the South. - - -Improving the Dismal Swamp Canal. - -Preparations are being made by Messrs. Ross & Sanford, of Baltimore, to -begin the work of deepening and otherwise enlarging what is known as -the Dismal Swamp Canal. The canal, which is twenty-two miles long, will -be dredged to an average depth of ten feet and widened to sixty feet. -This will require the removal of 3,000,000 cubic yards of material. As -the capacity of the average dredge is 3000 yards per day, the magnitude -of the work can be appreciated. Another important work will be the -construction of two main and two secondary locks, the main locks to -be 250×40 feet each in the clear. By the lock system the water in -the canal level can be raised to a height of thirteen feet. When the -work is finished vessels with nine feet draught can pass through the -waterway without difficulty. Some of the lumber needed to build the -dredges to be employed has already arrived at the scene of operations. - -The amount of money to be expended in this work will be fully -$1,000,000. This passageway is to be used extensively by lumber barges, -fruit and truck steamers and other craft plying between Hampton Roads -and North Carolina waters. The improvements will tend to greatly -increase the trade between Norfolk, Portsmouth and the tidewater -country south of those cities. - - -Shipping Alabama Coal to Mexico. - -The increase in coal business at Pensacola, Fla., is very marked, and -an excellent demand is noted for Alabama coal, which thus far has been -the only kind sent from that city. The Export Coal Co. reports that it -has one contract for 11,000 tons to be delivered at Tampico by March 1, -also another for 60,000 tons to be delivered at Vera Cruz and Tampico -during 1894. The company also has 30,000 tons to be filled on an order -from Galveston by June 1. The exports of Alabama coke are very small as -yet, but the indications are that the amount will be greatly increased -this year. - - -Newport News Development. - -Everything seems to be contributing to the building up of a great -seaport city at Newport News, Va. The business over the fast freight -line established by the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis and -Chesapeake & Ohio from the West to Newport News is being increased by -grain shipments from along the Chicago & Northwestern. A through rate -has been made on cereals for export to Liverpool, with the result that -the new line is not only securing business from Missouri and Kansas and -the country traversed by the “Big Four” system, but the territory in -Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin and Iowa for which the Northwestern is an -outlet. As the latter has about 3500 miles of lines in these States, -the great advantage of having the Northwestern as a feeder is apparent. -The people who are forwarding the business have very thoroughly -examined the facilities at Newport News and were so pleased with them -and the way the business has been handled that they intend making more -extensive exports by way of that port. - -In this connection it is reported that the Vanderbilts have privately -secured a larger interest in the Chesapeake & Ohio and in Big Four than -they have ever held, and mean to control absolutely that line from -Chicago to the seaboard, with the line of steamers from Newport News. - - -Southern Coal in Chicago. - -President M. H. Smith, of the Louisville & Nashville, has arranged -for a reduction of coal rates from Jellico, which will permit of the -introduction of Jellico coal into Chicago and Illinois and Michigan -points on the same basis as West Virginia coal. This will, it is -reported, also include the Middlesborough district. The reduced rate -will doubtless result in a great increase in the Western shipments -of Kentucky coal, the superior quality of which has created for it a -Western demand, despite high freights. - - -Opening Texas Coal Mines. - -The extensive coal deposits near the Rio Grande, in Presidio county, -Texas, it is stated, are to be opened and mined on an extensive scale -by the San Carlos Coal Co., which controls 53,000 acres of land -containing veins of semi-bituminous coal forty-one inches thick in some -places. President S. A. Johnston, of the company, in a letter to the -Manufacturers’ Record, says that his company has made a contract to -sell at least 115,000 tons yearly to the Southern Pacific Railroad. The -Northern office of the company is at Pittsburg, Pa. - - -Another Florida Canal. - -Work is about to begin on a canal in Florida which will be of great -importance to the lumbering and agricultural interests of the section -through which it is to pass. It will extend from a point in Marion -county, at the head of Ratcliff’s prairie to Mill Creek swamp. It will -be eleven miles long and thirty feet wide at the bottom. The estimated -cost of dredging the canal is $75,000. The object of the canal is to -reclaim thousands of acres of submerged swamp lands, covered with -rich muck from five to ten feet in depth, with a clay bottom, and to -provide transportation for pine and cypress timber. - -The syndicate interested has purchased 15,000 acres of land along its -line. When the improvements are completed they expect to engage largely -in the growing of rice and sugar-cane, and hold out inducements to -settlers who desire to buy rich lands cheap. D. D. Rogers, at Ocala, is -engineer. Among the capitalists interested is Christian Ax, of the firm -of G. W. Gail & Ax, Baltimore. - - -Another Big Enterprise for Norfolk. - -Following the announcement that the Chesapeake & Ohio is to enter -Norfolk comes the statement that the United States Cotton Warehouse -& Loan Co. has asked for legislative authority to build wharves, -warehouses, elevators and other buildings; also to construct and -operate a terminal railway not over five miles in length. It is also to -conduct a general wharfage and warehouse business, with a capital of -at least $50,000. The main office is to be in Norfolk or Portsmouth. -The corporators are Edward A. Pierson, of New York; John H. Dingee, of -Philadelphia; J. Andre Mottu, of Norfolk; J. R. McMurran, of St. Paul, -Minn.; Heber Alter, of Philadelphia; James Y. Leigh, of Norfolk; S. -Henry Norris, of Philadelphia; William Burrington, of Philadelphia; -Herman Niemeyer, of Portsmouth; Fergus Reid, of Norfolk; C. W. -Murdaugh, Marcellus Miller, of Berkley; Parke Poindexter, of Berkley; -William Goddin, of Philadelphia; William Schmoele, Jr., of Portsmouth; -John L. Vaughman, O. P. Heath, S. L. Burroughs and Walter S. Taylor. A -number of well-known capitalists appear in the list, and the enterprise -evidently means much for Norfolk and vicinity. - - * * * * * - -The Florence Pump Co., of Florence, Ala., has made a contract with a -Philadelphia firm to supply $40,000 worth of pumps. - - * * * * * - -The water works plant at Yorkville, S. C., has been completed, tested -and accepted by the town council. The plant consists of about three -miles of mains, a stand pipe seventy feet high on a fifty-foot tower, -120 feet in all, with a capacity of 60,000 gallons. The water is -forced into the stand pipe by a pump of 500,000 gallons capacity, -and the stream which furnishes the water will furnish (estimated) -150,000 gallons a day. There are 800 feet of hose, and the total cost, -including hose, was $16,800. - - * * * * * - -The Shea Plating and Manufacturing Co., of Cleveland, Ohio, has entered -into a contract to remove to Macon, Ga., and the work of transferring -the plant has begun. - - * * * * * - -Railroad communication and the building of ice factories on the west -coast of Florida, have resulted in the building up of an important -fishing industry, which is growing rapidly. St. Petersburg, Clearwater, -Dunedin, Ozona, Sea Side and Tarpon Springs are the principal shipping -points, and there was forwarded from these ports for 1893 a total of -7,901 barrels. - - * * * * * - -The Fort Worth Gazette says of Terrell Texas: “Never before in the -history of Terrell and vicinity has there been such demand for homes -and tillable grounds. Many persons having large pastures are cutting -them up in farms, at least a portion, and if the demand increases the -large pastures will have to be given up to farming interests instead -of grass pastures. Several thousand acres of new land will be put in -cultivation this year in this county.” - - * * * * * - -For several weeks Messrs. Rand, McNally & Co., printers and publishers, -have had an agent in the South prospecting for the most suitable place, -in point of business and situation, to establish a distributing house, -their main houses being in New York and Chicago. Charlotte, N. C., has -finally been fixed upon as the most desirable point. - - * * * * * - -Newport News had the honor of constructing the first iron and steel -merchant vessels built in the South, and the largest ever launched in -the United States. El Cid, made famous by being turned into a warship -for the Brazilian government, enjoys the distinction of having broken -all records in the passage between New York and New Orleans. El Norte, -El Rio, and El Sud are not far behind her. Following this distinction -comes the docking for repairs of the big American liner New York, which -was done February 19. The New York is the largest ship ever docked -in America. No other yard on this side the Atlantic could do it. The -Newport News dock has but one rival in point of size--the government -dock, at Brooklyn--and it is doubtful if that is large enough to admit -of her entrance. As soon as the big ship touched the dock a force of -1000 men was put to work upon her. - - * * * * * - -A new manufacturing enterprise of some importance is about to be -inaugurated at Bedford City, Va., by Mr. W. B. Dunn, who has organized -the Bedford Manufacturing Co., with himself as secretary. The -company’s purpose is to manufacture custom-made clothing to be sold -at manufacturers’ prices, making a specialty of trousers, using the -product of all leading Southern woolen mills, as well as other fine -foreign and domestic goods. It is intended to appoint agents in all -towns and cities in the South having 4000 inhabitants or more. - - * * * * * - -The city hall at Richmond, Va., recently completed at a cost of -$1,370,000, is one of the finest municipal buildings in the country. - - * * * * * - -It is announced that the Boston capitalists who have decided to invest -about $300,000 in an office-building in Atlanta, Ga., have secured a -site and are to have plans prepared at once. Mr. H. M. Atkinson, who -is their Atlanta representative, states that the building is to be -fire-proof, ten stories high and will contain all the features of the -modern structure for offices. - - * * * * * - -Hon. Jonathan Norcross, of Atlanta, Ga., is having plans prepared for -a five-story building for offices to cost several hundred thousand -dollars. - - - - -GENERAL NOTES. - - -Small but Vigorous. - -The Houston East & West Texas Railroad, running from Houston, Texas, to -Shreveport, La., is not very much of a road as to mileage, but there is -more hustle about it than most roads of ten times the length exhibit. -With only 232 miles of road the company is doing more relatively -towards the development of the country it traverses than almost any -other road in the country. Recently a development department has -been created and put in charge of General John M. Claiborne, an old -newspaper man. Among other methods of building up the territory of -the road, and besides the usual concessions to settlers in the way of -passenger and freight rates, the company has offered to contribute to -a common fund an amount equal to all that can be raised by the people -of the counties through which the road passes, the money to be spent in -getting in settlers. The road promises to locate at least one family -for every two dollars the citizens of these counties will raise. The -country through which this road passes includes some superb farm and -garden lands, and large areas of original forest timber, pine and hard -woods, and with the energy and push of the managers of the road it will -not be long before immigrants will be pouring into their country. - -The officers of the road are E. S. Jemison, president; M. G. Howe, -vice-president; M. S. Meldrum, secretary and treasurer, and T. Cronin, -superintendent, all of Houston. - - -Mr. A. A. Arthur and Middlesborough. - -The people of Middlesborough, Ky., and Middlesborough property -owners living elsewhere are making strenuous efforts to induce the -Middlesborough Town Lands Co. to reappoint Mr. A. A. Arthur to the -active management of the company’s affairs. Ever since the termination -of Mr. Arthur’s management the town has been in a state of virtual -stagnation, and it is believed that Mr. Arthur alone can rescue it -from collapse and restore it to its former condition of growth and -prosperity. - -Several delegations of citizens and property owners have called on -the company’s present commissioner at Middlesborough, Mr. Lionel H. -Graham, of London, and urged him to bring about the appointment of Mr. -Arthur. On February 17, a mass meeting was held, at which the following -resolutions were adopted: - -_Resolved_, By the people of Middlesborough in mass meeting assembled, -that the opportunity presented by Mr. L. H. Graham, who is now in our -midst as the representative of the stockholders of the Town Lands -Co., seeking information and encouragement for the guidance of his -associates, be seized, and that we, the citizens and property owners -of Middlesborough, who have borne the brunt of all the troubles of -past two and one-half years, and have witnessed and studied both -administrations, and who have been with the stockholders in prosperity -and adversity, respectfully but emphatically ask a return to the old -original plan of administering the affairs of the Town Lands Co. - -_Resolved_, That we know that all the great and valuable resources upon -which the city was started still exist; we have seen railroads brought -to us and great enterprises created in our midst. The necessities of a -city have been established, all legitimate expenditures have been made -and nothing now remains to be done to re-establish credit, activity and -progress, but the appointment of a leader, a wise and liberal man, one -of intelligence, wide experience, integrity and extended connections, -one in whom we can place great confidence. - -_Resolved_, That in Mr. A. A. Arthur, creator and projector of -Middlesborough and all the adjacent territory, we find such a man. None -other has so great an interest. We will stand by him and we believe -and know that he alone can pull you, the stockholders, and us, the -citizens, out of the abject state in which we now are. - -_Resolved_, That we most heartily ask for and will most cordially -approve the reappointment of Mr. A. A. Arthur to the active management -of the Middlesborough Town Lands Co.; we believe that he can -rescue this city from ruin, and the sooner the management is placed -in his hands the sooner will confidence be restored and values be -re-established. - -_Resolved_, That the interests of the Town Lands Co. are alike the -interests of the city and the citizens thereof; one cannot prosper -without the other, hence the citizens and property owners are -profoundly earnest in their desire to see Mr. Arthur restored to power, -as they believe that his restoration will give new life not only to -Middlesborough but to Southeastern Kentucky as well, and that we will -enter upon a career of unexampled prosperity. - - -The Annual Fair at New Berne, N. C. - -The annual fair of the East Carolina Industrial Association was held in -New Berne on February 19th to 23d, inclusive, and was formally opened -by Gov. Carr with a sterling address, in which he referred to the -tidewater region as the garden spot of the continent, enumerating its -resources and estimating their economic value, present and prospective. -The exhibit, as a whole, was a surprise to home visitors as well as -strangers, especially in marine, agricultural and mechanical products. -Its mineral exhibit was remarkable in respect to native ores and -precious stones. Thirty-one counties in the State are mining gold at -a profit. Nuggets were shown which were valued at $52 and upwards. -Eighty-five varieties of commercial woods were shown. There was a great -variety of building stones. Tomato plants six inches high, garden peas -three inches high, and strawberry blossoms were shown. The department -of ladies’ work was superlative. Dairy products were meagre, only three -samples of butter being shown. There was a great variety of feed in -bales--native grasses, stock peas and corn fodder. Fine samples of -wool and blankets were exhibited. The same blankets took a premium at -Chicago. Some fine Southdown sheep from the Tucker farm near Raleigh -were on view. There were some fine Jersey, Devon and Alderney cattle, -and superior Berkshire and Red Jersey pigs and fat hogs, running up to -600 pounds in weight. - -The fish and oyster exhibit, with the nets and apparatus, is always a -prominent feature of the annual expositions, and was well sustained. -Roe shad were remarkably fine. - -There was an attractive exhibit of live and dead game and fur-bearing -animals, and two curious hybrids between turkey, guinea fowl and -Plymouth Rock hen. The floral exhibit was simply exquisite, and the -colonial relics and old family plate and curios were very interesting. -There was never such a poultry show seen on earth for quality and -variety. At least two kinds were shown! - -In the department of Women’s Work the productions of deft fingers were -astonishing in all fabrics, laces, gold embroidery, feathers, flowers, -etc., rivaling Japanese art, and causing Valenciennes to blush with -jealousy. Altogether, there was a wonderful diversity of industrial -products of which the old North State and all her sisters may be proud. -New Berne herself has earned honors. - - -An Immigration Bill in the Maryland Legislature. - -A bill is to be introduced in the legislature of Maryland, which is -now in session, enlarging the powers of the chief of the bureau of -industrial statistics so as to give him authority to provide for the -settlement of immigrants in Maryland. The bill makes it the duty of the -chief of the bureau to collect reliable information in every county of -the State bearing upon the question of immigration, and authorizes him -to appoint a local immigrant commissioner in each county. The local -commissioners are to receive $2.50 a day for each day of actual service -and personal expenses, the expenses are to be itemized and certified -to before a justice of the peace, and $1.00 for each immigrant sixteen -years of age and over settled by them in their respective counties. -Their duties, under the direction of the chief of the bureau, are to -procure the statistics and information necessary to properly set forth -the facts, advantages and conditions of the counties, to perform such -other duties appertaining to the work of the bureau as may be required -and to procure options on farm lands at such prices and upon such terms -as will be within the means of the immigrants desiring to locate upon -them and to give them such assistance, care and information within -their province as may be necessary. - -The owners of lands upon which options have been thus secured shall -upon the sale of the lands through the agency of the bureau, pay to the -chief of the bureau a commission of 5 per cent. upon the gross amount -of the sale, the sum thus obtained to be used in defraying the general -expenses of the bureau and to be accounted for by the chief of the -bureau in the itemized statement of receipts and expenditures which he -is at present required by law to publish in his report and to make to -the State comptroller. - -The chief of the bureau is authorized to visit such States and -countries as in his judgment may be necessary, or to send an authorized -agent, for the purpose of securing immigrants, having special regard -to the character and responsibility of the immigrants. He is to adopt -such means of advertising the State’s advantages as may commend -themselves to his judgment, including such maps, charts, &c., as -may be best calculated to illustrate the geographical, geological, -topographical and physical features of the State, and to make contracts -with railroads, steamship and other transportation companies and the -masters of sailing vessels to secure a low rate of transportation for -immigrants and to make the necessary arrangements for their temporary -reception and accommodation upon their arrival until they can be -located. - -The bill provides the sum of $10,000, or so much thereof as may be -necessary, in addition to the present annual appropriation of the -bureau to carry out the provisions of the law. - - -Packing-Houses in the South. - -The people of the South have so long been accustomed to buying -their meat from Northern and Western markets that the suggestion of -packing-houses in the Southern cities is full of novelty and surprise. -Packing-houses distributed over the Southern territory would be the -incentive for farmers to raise more hogs and cattle and a better -quality, and thus create a source of revenue now practically closed to -them. - -Are not our people convinced of the folly of selling their marketable -live stock to drovers and buying their meat, thus paying the cost of -transportation both ways, besides the profit each handler obtains? - -Pork and beef raised on our own farms and cured in our own -packing-houses would keep at home the large sums of money sent off -annually for the meat supply of the people. - -The grocerymen of Jackson purchase every year about $100,000 worth of -meat and lard for consumers in this immediate section, and it is easily -seen that a packing-house in Jackson would be a profitable industry. It -would furnish a home market for hog and cattle-raisers, and stimulate -the production of the best qualities. Every step in this direction is -an important gain, and the subject deserves the earnest attention of -our live and progressive citizens.--The Whig, Jackson, Tenn. - - -Sponge Fishing in Florida. - -The vessels that are used in the business are chiefly schooner-rigged -and vary in size from five to twenty-five tons burden. They carry crews -ranging from five in number to fifteen for the largest vessels, nine -men to the boat being the average number. The odd man in each case is -the cook, who remains aboard to provide for the inner wants of the crew -(generally amazingly large) and sails the craft while the balance are -off in the small boats called dingeys in search of sponge. Each vessel -is provided with poles of various lengths, from fifteen to fifty feet, -to be used according to the depth of water in which they are working, -which have attached to them three pronged hooks shaped like the teeth -of a garden rake, somewhat heavier, with which the sponge are detached -from the objects to which they are adhered and drawn into the dingey. - -Two men are necessary to operate a dingey, one, the “hooker,” using -the pole and the sculler keeping the boat in motion, following the -directions of the hooker, where he leans over the side looking through -an ordinary wooden bucket with a glass sealed in its bottom for the -sponge, which, when discovered, is secured with the hooks. - -The fisherman are most all former inhabitants of the islands; many of -them have lived in the Bahamas, and there are about equal numbers of -white men and negroes. - -They are designated “Conchs” by the people living upon the mainland, -from their making use of that shell animal for edible purposes when -living upon their native islands. - -A trip is of eight to ten weeks’ duration, unless it is mutually agreed -by the owner and the crew that it shall end sooner, and a “broken” trip -is one which does not pay expenses incurred, and does not happen often, -except during a period of disaster like that just passed through. - -When the trip is finished the catches are carried to market where the -purchaser bids upon them at a certain price per bunch or for the lot, -having previously estimate from his thorough knowledge of the goods -their value in pounds. - -Before sending them to the various markets they are first trimmed -neatly and cleaned of all rock and shell, and then packed in bales of -convenient sizes in a compress which reduces them to small bulk and -renders them easily handled. - -Owing to the scarcity of the supply the demand is at present very -great, and excellent prices are obtained. - - * * * * * - -The Newnan (Ga.) Cotton Mill (6300 spindles) will put on a night force -to operate its mill, so that it can catch up with the orders with which -it is now overrun. - - * * * * * - -Mr. L. C. Porter, proprietor of the Windsor hotel of Minneapolis, -Minnesota, has decided to remove with his family to Wilmington, N. C. -He has been in North Carolina since the 28th of December. - -“I want to get away from the cold, long winters of the Northwest,” he -said, “and I came here to prospect. I have been traveling North, East, -South and West, and my observation is that you have the finest climate -I have ever seen. If you hadn’t this advantage in climate and your -fine opportunities for investment along with it, you wouldn’t catch me -settling here.” - -It is said that Mr. Porter has in hand a plan to establish a colony -of Scandinavians in Eastern North Carolina. He expects to settle from -fifty to 100 thrifty families somewhere near Wilmington. For twenty -years he has been engaged in fostering colonies on the new lands of -Wisconsin and Michigan. - - * * * * * - -A Young Men’s Business Association is to be organized at Knoxville, -Tenn. - - * * * * * - -Savannah is getting up a commercial club. - - * * * * * - -Macon, Ga., expects to be visited about March 10 by a party of -investors and home-seekers from Indiana, who have been induced by the -Macon Bureau of Advertising & Information to go down on a prospecting -trip. - - * * * * * - -The Commercial Club, of Anniston, Ala., is going to have an exhibit -room in which to show the agricultural, mineral and industrial -resources and products of Calhoun county. - - * * * * * - -Mr. Chappell Cory, secretary of the Birmingham Commercial Club, has -taken great interest in the matter of immigration. Recently at a -meeting of the State Agricultural Society, he delivered a very able -address on the subject, which was exceedingly well received by the -farmers before whom it was delivered. In the latter part of February, -at his invitation, a number of the real estate men of Birmingham met -to discuss the subject of immigration. Mr. H. D. Lane, commissioner -of agriculture of the State, was present, and addressed the meeting. -Following his speech there was a general discussion of the subject, -after which the following resolution was adopted: - -_Resolved_, That we cordially endorse the movement for immigration as -outlined by Commissioner Lane, and pledge him our hearty co-operation, -both as real estate men and as citizens of Birmingham and of Alabama. - - * * * * * - -At Atlanta, Ga., a $500,000 company has been formed to engage in -establishing country banks wherever good openings are found. - - * * * * * - -A large party of prominent coal operators of Chicago and other Western -cities have been examining Kentucky coal fields with a view to -handling Kentucky coal on a large scale, and also of investing in coal -properties. - - * * * * * - -A new water-power cotton mill will be built in South Carolina on -Penny-Shoals, Tiger river, near Wellford, by a company recently -incorporated as the Tuscapan Mills Co. Mr. C. E. Fleming, of -Spartanburg, is at the head of the enterprise. - - * * * * * - -The public lands in Arkansas, government, State and railroad, aggregate -more than 7,000,000 acres. There are over 4,000,000 acres of government -lands subject to homestead entry. Any male citizen of the United -States who is the head of a family, or over twenty-one years of age, -is entitled to enter 160 acres of land by paying the following fees: -For forty acres, $6; for eighty acres, $7; for 120 acres, $13; for 160 -acres, $14. The State has also 1,200,000 acres which it will sell at -$1.25 per acre, or any citizen over the age of twenty-one years, or the -head of a family, can secure a donation of 160 acres by paying a fee -of $10. In addition to this the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern -Railway Co. has over 2,000,000 acres which it will sell on five years’ -time at from $2 to $5 per acre, receiving notes in payment therefor, -bearing 6 per cent. interest. During the last two years there have been -donated to settlers 166,940 acres of land, and deeds made to 131,957 -acres to settlers who had fulfilled the requirements of the law. - - * * * * * - -It is not generally known that nearly the whole of the extreme western -part of Texas is fenced in and divided up into enormous pastures. There -is one pasture, for instance, traversed by the Fort Worth and Denver -Railroad, that it takes a fast express train four hours and a quarter -to cross. Another, in Dickens, Crosby and Emma counties, belonging -to the Espinella Cattle Co., contains over 1,500,000 acres. If this -pasture were in the shape of a square it would be about fifty miles -each way, requiring therefore, 200 miles of fencing. - - * * * * * - -The Empire Plaid Mill, at High Point, N. C., is crowded with orders. -The plant has been running on double time for some months until very -recently. - - * * * * * - -From the annual report of the Board of Trade of Eufaula, Ala., of which -Mr. C. B. Goetchius is secretary, it is learned that Eufaula has had a -very active business year in spite of the hard times. The residences -and stores that have been built during the year aggregate in cost about -$50,000. As an indication of the comparative business done in 1892 -and 1893, it is stated that the cash receipts at the railroad office -were $8500 greater in 1893 than in 1892. During the recent period of -financial and business disasters and failures there was not a single -failure in Eufaula, and not a business house closed with the exception -of one case of temporary embarrassment, which was quickly arranged. - - * * * * * - -The Liberty Woolen Manufacturing Co., of Bedford City, Va., has secured -another contract from the government to make goods for the army. This -time the order calls for 7000 broad yards at a cost of over $8000. - - * * * * * - -The last annual message of the mayor of Augusta, Ga., which has been -printed in pamphlet form, is a very comprehensive review of the city’s -affairs for 1893. - - * * * * * - -Sixty newspaper men from North Dakota are visiting Texas. - - * * * * * - -The Eufaula Cotton Mill Co., at Eufaula, Ala., has just completed an -addition to its plant at a cost of $50,000. At the same place a new -cotton mill is being built by another company--the Chewalla Cotton Mill -Co. - - * * * * * - -The managers of the Seaboard Air Line have become greatly interested -in the matter of immigration. Mr. R. C. Hoffman, of Baltimore, the -president of the line, and Major J. C. Winder, the general manager, at -Wilmington, N. C., are considering plans for procuring the settlement -of Northern farmers in their territory. The Seaboard Air Line -traverses a country suited in the highest degree for farming and stock -raising, and especially for growing early fruits and vegetables. - - * * * * * - -The citizens of Tuskaloosa have organized “The Commercial Association -of Tuskaloosa county.” The officers and directors are: President, A. F. -Prince; Vice-president, George W. Christian; Secretary, Walter Guild. -Board of Directors: Festus Fitts, Victor Friedman, W. C. Jemison, J. C. -Harrison, A. S. Vandegraaff, H. F. Hill, George A. Searcy, Charles R. -Maxwell, T. N. Hays. - - * * * * * - -The Richmond & Danville Railroad has issued a very handsomely -illustrated book, “Snow Balls and Orange Blossoms,” a copy of which -will be sent on application. - - * * * * * - -Mr. George W. Truitt, of LaGrange, Ga., has published a pamphlet called -“Talks to the Farmers of Dixie.” It is full of valuable advice and -suggestions. - - * * * * * - -The Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co. has in hand contracts -that will keep it busy for two years. - - * * * * * - -Several hundred laborers have been put to work on the Chesapeake Beach -railway, which is to connect Washington, D. C., with a proposed resort -on the Chesapeake bay in Southern Maryland. It seems remarkable that -this superb body of water has been up to this time so little made -use of by the cities of Washington and Baltimore. This new resort at -Chesapeake Beach will be a boon to both cities. It will be within less -than an hour’s ride of Washington, and will be readily and quickly -accessible from Baltimore also. - -The Chesapeake Beach railroad passes through a section of country -admirably suited to truck gardening as well as general farming. Mr. -Washington Danenhower, whose office is in the Loan & Trust building, -Washington, has already had some negotiations looking to the locating -of a colony of farmers from the Northwest along the line of the road. - - * * * * * - -The Sibley Manufacturing Co., of Augusta, Ga., has begun an extensive -addition to its cotton mill. The output of the mill will be greatly -increased. - - * * * * * - -It is astonishing to people who are unacquainted with the details of -Florida business life to hear of the amount of business done in the -little towns in the interior and along the coast. Indeed, it surprises -some of those who live here to see the summing up of the annual -business done by individual firms in those towns, and if one didn’t -in some way get at some tangible reason for these figures one would -be disposed to question their correctness. But when one drives out -into the surrounding country and sees the many orange groves and the -many broad acres planted in vegetables a key is found that unlocks the -situation. - -In Florida, instead of large areas of land in cultivation, there are -the native growths only dotted here and there with openings, and -planted to fruits and vegetables. It requires but little stock to -cultivate them and but few hands, comparatively speaking, to do the -work. The crop raised on one acre of Florida soil on an average is -equal to that of fifteen to twenty acres in cotton regions, and every -dollar is for export, the grower receiving the cash for his crop, and -then he reinvests it for the necessaries of his household and farm. -There is where the volume of business done by the Florida merchants -comes in.--Jacksonville Times-Union. - - * * * * * - -The cultivation of the castor bean may be attempted in Texas on a -larger scale than heretofore. The United States Consul at Breslau, -Germany, Mr. Frederick Opp, has been making inquiries about the climate -and soil of Texas for Max Strahl, who is thinking of purchasing land in -Bexar county for the purpose of raising the plants mentioned. According -to Mr. Strahl’s statement, the castor plant requires much less rain -than cotton; can be harvested in a much shorter space of time; requires -only one-third of the amount of labor, and yields a much greater profit -to the producer. - -In a letter to the San Antonio Express Mr. Opp says: “I have sent a -sample of the beans to the Department of Agriculture at Washington. I -trust that Mr. Strahl will soon positively decide to settle in Texas -and inaugurate the enterprise. He is an expert in castor plant growing -and raises large quantities in India.” - - * * * * * - -The Rock Island & Texas Town Co. owns a 300 acre tract of land near -Boyd, Texas, which has been divided into ten acre tracts for small -fruit and vegetable farms. - - * * * * * - -The citizens of Nacogdoches, Texas, have organized a society, the -purpose of which will be to induce immigration to Nacogdoches county -and advance the general interests of that section. Lists of lands for -sale, with prices, &c., and general information about the locality will -be furnished on application. The president of the society is George H. -Davidson. - - * * * * * - -Mr. Guy M. Bryan, a banker of Bryan, Texas, who owns large areas -of property in Brazoria county, near Velasco on the Gulf coast, is -arranging to bore artesian wells to flood a considerable area of -ancient lake beds, which he will convert into extensive rice farms. - - * * * * * - -A report now being prepared by Mr. F. H. Newell, of the United States -Geological Survey, on the condition, amount, and location of the public -land still in the hands of the government, shows that there are about -600,000,000 acres of government lands. The report states, however, that -all the vacant land remaining to the government in the West is either -mountain country or else land which, owing to scanty rainfall or other -conditions, is fit only for grazing. - - * * * * * - -The National Builders’ Association of the United States will hold its -next convention in Baltimore in October, 1895. Mr. Noble H. Greager, -of Baltimore, is president of the association; Mr. Charles A. Rupp, -of Buffalo, first vice-president; Mr. James Meath, of Detroit, Mich., -second vice-president; Mr. Wm. H. Sayward, of Boston, secretary, and -Mr. George Tapperk, of Chicago, treasurer. - - * * * * * - -The Rock Hill Cotton Factory Co., of Rock Hill, S. C., which has -heretofore made yarns only, is now adding 192 looms to its plant. - - * * * * * - -Mr. George C. Power, industrial commissioner of the Illinois Central -and Yazoo & Mississippi Valley Railroad Companies, in an interview -with a reporter of the New Orleans Picayune, said: “I have been down -south of the Ohio river with two or three parties who are desirous -of locating wood-working factories. Those parties have expressed -themselves as being well pleased with the lumber found there and the -facilities for handling it; also the welcome which had been given them -by the Southern people. It is more than likely two of the parties will -locate within the next week or ten days. - -“I find that although the banks wherever I visited have plenty of -money, yet they cannot loan it to advantage. At some places the loans -to farmers are being curtailed, but in the majority of places the -applications for loans are fewer than in several previous years. The -hotels are crowded with traveling salesmen, all of whom appear to be -doing good business, selling principally dry goods, clothing, hats, -caps, shoes and articles of similar character, and very few provisions. -Many places are purchasing a better class of dry goods than they had in -twenty years back. The merchants anticipate a very good spring trade. - -“To show how small farmers are doing, I will cite one case. In the -Yazoo Delta a farmer has grown all the provisions--corn and seed--for -his new crop, and has sufficient left over to purchase a reaper for his -coming hay crop. He has contracted for the produce of five acres of -potatoes, seven acres of onions, and he will be self-supporting from -this date forward. He is only one of a great many, and it seems to me -that with fewer applications for loans and less demand for money to -carry cotton, capital must seek other sources of employment. A large -portion of it will most probably be invested in sound manufacturing -industries, which will make a market for raw materials that are now to -a great extent valueless.” - - * * * * * - -Charlotte, N. C., has grown tired of its inert Chamber of Commerce and -proposes to organize a more active and progressive Board of Trade. - - * * * * * - -The Chamber of Commerce, of Huntsville, Ala., is receiving many -inquiries from Northern farmers, who want to know about farming -conditions around Huntsville. - - * * * * * - -It is stated that there are not enough houses at Columbia, S. C., -to accommodate the increasing population, and that an excellent -opportunity is given to erect an office building. - - * * * * * - -The secretary of the Bureau of Information of Newport News, Va., is in -constant receipt of letters asking for information about Newport News -and the adjacent country. - - * * * * * - -The Denison Land & Investment Co., of Denison, Tex., has elected A. -P. Childs, of Bennington, Vt., President; E. H. Hanna, of Denison, -Vice-president, and A. H. Coffin, of Denison, Treasurer. - - * * * * * - -C. S. Durling, of New York, was the originator of the refrigerator -business in Florida, being the first man to run iced cars for the -transportation of fruits and vegetables to New York. Before he began -to do so berries could only be shipped by express, and only then when -the weather was cool and the berries sour. Now Florida berries are sent -North as late as May 1. - -A refrigerator company will begin business at Gainesville, Fla., this -week, and for the extra charge of ten cents per package they insure -the arrival of truck at destination in the same condition as when put -aboard the cars here. - - * * * * * - -Some of the cities of Tennessee have become interested in the idea of -having an exposition to celebrate the State’s centennial. At a meeting -of the Nashville Commercial Club a resolution was adopted providing -for a committee of twenty-five members, composed of seven from the -Commercial Club, six from the Board of Trade and three each from the -Southern Engineering Association, the Historical Society and the Art -Association, to make arrangements for a convention to be held in the -city in March to discuss plans for an exposition. - - * * * * * - -The Board of Trade of Nashville, Tenn., is one of the few such concerns -that has life and activity and progressiveness. Major A. W. Wills, the -recently elected secretary, is a man full of zeal and energy, and he -will make the board of trade a power in the advancement of Nashville -and the surrounding country. - - * * * * * - -The stockholders of the Luna Cotton Mills, Fort Mill, S. C., have voted -to extend the plant and add considerable new machinery, including 100 -looms. - - * * * * * - -Within the last twelve month taxable values in Texas have increased -$30,000,000. - - - - -RAILROADS. - - -The Richmond & Danville to the Front. - -The Richmond & Danville Railroad Co. has issued the following circular -offering special inducements to settlers: - -“The Richmond & Danville Railroad adopts this means as one of its many -methods of bringing to the attention of prospectors and home-seekers -the numerous advantages possessed by the territory which it traverses. - -“Realizing that each section of this great land of ours is dependent to -a certain extent upon the prosperity of the whole, we have no desire to -depreciate any section, but to make known the possibilities which are -within the reach of those who contemplate a change. - -“We have received hundreds of inquiries from parties located in the -North and Northwest who desire information in regard to a milder and -more congenial climate, the character of soil, etc. Those and all -others who may desire information, we invite to visit points upon -our lines which cover the States of Virginia, North Carolina, South -Carolina, Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi, and to induce immigration -we will make to _bona fide_ prospectors special concessions in rates -from our Eastern junction points. - -“The climate and products of the last four States above named are well -known, but Virginia and North Carolina have not been so fortunate in -this respect. - -“The climate in these sister States (Virginia and North Carolina) -is about the same, showing an average the year around of about 55° -Fahrenheit, with no extreme heat or cold, which enables farmers to -raise two or more crops upon the same land in one season. The soil is -adapted to any crops which are raised in the Southern or Middle States, -and is especially favorable for trucking, the profits of which are -enhanced by reason of the close proximity to the best Eastern markets, -viz: Lynchburg, Richmond, Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia and New -York. It is also admirably adapted to fruit and grape culture. - -“Without discriminating in favor of any portion of either of these -States, we feel at liberty to direct especial attention to the Blue -Ridge section of North Carolina as being excellently adapted to the -culture of fruit and grapes, the mountains and hillsides at many points -being now covered by vineyards and orchards, which yield handsome -revenues to their owners, while the rich valleys are utilized for -cereals and tobacco. - -“Considering the productive qualities of these Virginia and North -Carolina lands, they may be had at most reasonable prices and on -accommodating terms. - -“In order to protect ourselves against imposition, it is necessary -to throw some safeguard around the issuance of reduced rates for -prospectors, as above indicated, and as all prospectors, before -starting on a trip of this nature, correspond with some land agency or -real estate agent, we will request all applicants for these reduced -rates to obtain identification at the hands of such agent or land -agency as they may have corresponded with.” - -Inquiries may be addressed to W. A. Turk, general passenger agent, 1300 -Pennsylvania avenue, Washington, D. C. - - -Another Mississippi Bridge. - -The Southern Pacific Railroad Co.’s bridge to be built across the -Mississippi river at New Orleans, La., will, it is believed, be the -largest steel railroad bridge in the world, considering the quantity -of metal used in its construction and its length. It will be a -double-track bridge about 10,500 feet long. The approach spans will -vary from twenty-five to 150 feet in length, according to the height -of the towers. The main river bridge will be built on the cantilever -principle, and will be 1070 feet in length, with spans of 608 feet -on either side. The pier foundations will extend from a point eighty -feet below the bottom of the river, and will be sunk by open dredging. -The estimated weight of metal required is 25,000 tons, or 50,000,000 -pounds. The cost will be about $5,000,000. - -The bridge will give the Southern Pacific system an all-rail entrance -into New Orleans, and form a most important link in railroad -communication between Texas and the Southwest and the Gulf States east -of the Mississippi river. - -The largest railroad bridge completed is over the Firth of Forth in -Scotland. The main structure is 5330 feet long, but the approaches are -said to be shorter than the New Orleans bridge. - - -A Judicial Decision of Great Interest to Railroads. - -In two suits recently brought against the Texas & Pacific road, a New -Orleans judge has rendered a decision that is of very general interest. -The decision in brief is that a railroad is bound by the admissions -contained in the bill of lading just as the shipper is bound by the -terms. Several weeks ago two suits, exactly the same except for the -amounts involved and the complainants’ identity, were filed against the -Texas & Pacific road. In both damages was asked for cotton received -in a damaged condition, which the bill of lading sets forth had been -received by the road in good condition. - -In both cases the plaintiffs introduced the bills of lading in -evidence. They showed by the signature of the authorized agents of the -road that the cotton had been received by the road for shipment in good -condition. The road in its defense attempted to prove that the cotton -was received in the same condition as when delivered, and that it had -not been damaged in transportation. - -The plaintiffs both proved that upon the receipt of the bills of -lading, specifying that the cotton had been received by the road in -good condition, they had paid for it by sight drafts in favor of the -shippers. - -In his decisions, both of which were the same, the judge held that -evidence to disapprove the statements contained in the road’s bill -of lading was inadmissible, and that the bill of lading placed the -responsibility for the condition of the cotton with the road. For these -reasons judgment in both cases was for the plaintiff. The conclusion -of the court was that when the consignee pays by sight draft upon -the averment of the bill of lading evidence that the goods were not -received in good condition is not admissible. - - * * * * * - -It is stated that in furtherance of a plan to shorten the distance -between St. Louis and points in Western Texas and Mexico, a syndicate -has been formed to complete the Red River & Southwestern road, which is -projected from a point on the Rock Island road in the Indian Territory -through Western Texas to San Angelo, to connect with the Southern -Pacific at Spotswood Junction. It is estimated that the new route would -shorten the distance between Mexico and St. Louis fully 600 miles, -while points in Southwestern Texas will be 200 miles nearer the latter -city. - - * * * * * - -C. W. Cheers, formerly assistant general freight agent in Birmingham of -the Kansas City, Memphis & Birmingham, but who resigned on January 1, -has been appointed general freight and passenger agent of the Savannah, -Americus & Montgomery, with headquarters at Americus. - - * * * * * - -Much interest has been aroused by the bills pending in the Virginia -legislature to incorporate the Richmond & Northern and Richmond & -Manassas roads. The former is claimed to be a projected road from -Richmond to Fredericksburg, and the latter between Richmond and -Manassas. Either would form part of a line from Richmond very nearly -to Washington, and it is intimated that the Baltimore & Ohio may be -interested in one. - - * * * * * - -It is stated that the Baltimore & Ohio is preparing to build its branch -road from a point north of Georgetown, D. C., to Fairfax C. H., Va., -on which work was begun some time ago, but suspended for some unknown -cause. Fairfax is but a short distance from the Richmond & Danville -road, with which the Baltimore & Ohio has close relations, and it is -evident that the building of this branch means a connection with the -Richmond & Danville. - -The Norfolk & Western road is also securing the necessary legislation -to enter Washington. - - * * * * * - -One of the indications of the rapidly-developing trade between the -North and South is the establishment of a fast through freight from -New York to the South by the Atlantic Coast Line. Freight under the -new regulation, no matter how small the consignment, is rushed through -from the North without delay. With each succeeding season this service -has been expanded and improved, keeping pace with the development -of the industries which produced it, until finally it has reached a -point of usefulness and perfection upon which it would be difficult to -improve. Until the present season, however, this special service has -been confined to a northward-going schedule, but lately it has become -apparent that the demand for a similar service from the North to the -South was daily becoming more and more urgent. The Atlantic Coast -Dispatch has also established a line of refrigerator cars out of New -York for Charleston, the service being designed to furnish the safest -and most expeditious transportation for all southward-going perishable -freight. These cars will prove of especial advantage to the large -shippers of apples, butter and other perishable articles. - - * * * * * - -It is believed that the Richmond & Danville’s present management -will soon secure a seaboard outlet at Norfolk or Portsmouth, either -by acquiring the Atlantic & Danville, which, as stated elsewhere, is -to be purchased by the English bondholders at foreclosure sale and -reorganized, or by building a new line. The plans of a new company -which has been formed to build an extension of the Atlantic & Danville -from Danville to Bristol, Tenn., passing through rich and undeveloped -coal and ore lands, are told of elsewhere. The building of the proposed -Virginia Seaboard & Western road, and the control of the Atlantic & -Danville by the Richmond & Danville, would give the latter not only a -new seaboard terminus, but also a large coal, timber and ore traffic -from Tennessee and Virginia, as well as establish a new route from -Tennessee, Kentucky and the Northwest to the Atlantic. - - * * * * * - -The projectors of the Gulf & Interstate Railroad to extend from North -Dakota to the Gulf of Mexico have secured an option on property at Port -Bolivar, on Galveston bay, opposite Galveston, Texas, with a view to -making that the terminus of the road. - - * * * * * - -The New York, Texas & Mexican and the Gulf, Western Texas & Pacific -roads, both parts of the Southern Pacific system, have elected the -following-named officers: President, J. Kruttschnitt; vice-president, -W. S. Hoskins; secretary, B. M. Smith; treasurer, W. J. Craig. - - * * * * * - -A movement is on foot to establish a steamship line between -Jacksonville, Fla., and Providence, R. I. - - * * * * * - -The Baltimore & Ohio is said to be planning to extend its Valley -division from Lexington to Roanoke. - - * * * * * - -The Clyde Steamship Co. is considering an extension of its service to -New Orleans. - - * * * * * - -Business on the Norfolk & Southern is developing to such an extent -in North Carolina that the company has decided to establish six new -stations in that State. - - * * * * * - -The Illinois Central Railroad is exhibiting great energy in the -matter of inducing immigration to the South. Mr. E. P. Skene, land -commissioner of the road, at Chicago, Captain J. F. Merry, Manchester, -Iowa, assistant passenger agent, Mr. J. M. Eberle, of Chicago, land and -immigration agent, Mr. C. W. McGinnes, land commissioner of the Yazoo -& Mississippi Valley Railroad, located at Memphis, Mr. J. T. Savage, -division superintendent of the Yazoo & Mississippi Valley Railroad, at -Greenville, Miss., are all giving active and comprehensive attention to -this work. - - * * * * * - -Mr. C. J. Haile, the general passenger agent of the Central Railroad, -of Georgia, is taking advantage of the excursion rates offered to -prospectors, by authority of the Southern Passenger Association, to -distribute in the Northwest circulars setting forth the agricultural -attractions of the country tributary to his roads. Mr. Haile is an -enterprising and progressive railroad man, and fully comprehends the -value of having the country traversed by his road thickly populated by -Northern farmers. - - * * * * * - -Mr. W. C. Rinearson, general passenger agent of the Queen & Crescent -route, is trying to arrange with the Southern Passenger Association -to have tickets for his line, via Chattanooga, carry the privilege of -stopping over at Chattanooga, so that travelers may have an opportunity -of seeing Lookout Mountain, the National Military Park and other -Chattanooga sights. - - * * * * * - -At the request of Col. C. P. Atmore, general passenger agent of the -Louisville & Nashville Road, the passenger agents of roads having -interests at Memphis, Tenn., met in that city February 14, to arrange a -passenger association. - - * * * * * - -At a meeting of the truck farmers, held at Chattanooga, S. C., February -19, to consider the matter of transportation of vegetables and fruits -to New York, a member had this to say in praise of the famous Old -Dominion line of steamers: - -“They have fast steamers especially constructed for carrying highly -perishable freights; they have ample tonnage for handling all the -business that comes to them, and their deliveries in New York are not -only convenient to the trade, but are made more rapidly than any other -line with whom we do business. - -“In addition to their already large fleet they are about to launch -two splendid new steamers, the “Jamestown” and “Yorktown,” which will -be ready by April 10, and are expected to be the fastest coastwise -steamers out of New York. - -“Our experience with the Old Dominion Co. covers more than thirty -years. During that time they have always been found willing to do -all in their power to assist the grower both in improved service -and in giving as low rates of freight as are consistent with fast -transportation.” - - * * * * * - -The Atlantic Coast Line system has been one of the most liberal and -progressive roads in the South in fostering the trucking business along -its line. It has made a specialty of its truck traffic for many years, -and to its enterprise is largely due the magnitude of the business -which is now done out of Charleston. - - * * * * * - -The Middle Georgia & Atlanta road, from Atlanta to Milledgeville, has -just been completed. It is seventy-five miles shorter from Atlanta -to Milledgeville by this route than by any other. Over forty miles of -the line between Covington and Eatonton has no bonded debt whatever, -$450,000 of the stock being taken and paid for by Georgia people. The -ultimate destination of the line is Savannah. W. B. Thomas is general -manager. - - * * * * * - -The Atlantic & Danville, which extends from Danville across Southern -Virginia to the Seaboard, has attracted considerable interest from the -fact that a company has been organized, composed largely of bondholders -of the road, to build a line from Danville to Bristol, Tenn., to be -called the Virginia Seaboard & Western. The Atlantic & Danville is to -be sold by order of the court on April 3, and, it is expected, will be -purchased by the bondholders. The new road, if built, will be about -115 miles long and connect with the East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia -system at Bristol. It would give the latter an outlet on the Atlantic -seaboard and develop much mineral property of east Tennessee and -southern Virginia, the product of which now has no means of reaching -furnaces. - - - - -HOTELS. - - -The great Four Seasons Hotel at Harrogate, Tenn., has been reopened. - - * * * * * - -Messrs. G. S. Atkins & Sons, proprietors of the Ocean Hotel at Asbury -Park, N. J., have bought the Brock House at Enterprise, Fla., together -with 2300 acres of adjacent land. - - * * * * * - -Messrs. Stephen Green, of Philadelphia, Martin Lane, of Wilmington, and -Levi Z. Condon, of Baltimore, have organized the Luray Caverns Co. to -operate the Luray Caverns, build a hotel, &c. - - * * * * * - -The proprietors of the San Marco hotel, of St. Augustine, Fla., as one -method of entertaining their guests, allow them to pick, for use in the -hotel, vegetables and fruits from the hotel garden, and on pleasant -mornings many of the guests may be seen before breakfast picking -radishes, peas, tomatoes, lettuce, &c., to be served at meals. - - * * * * * - -The business men of Columbia (S. C.) are talking about raising money -to build a great hotel. Since the change in the Atlantic Coast line -route, by which Columbia is put on the main line between Florida and -the North, it is thought that a big resort hotel could do a profitable -business. - - * * * * * - -The outlook for the coming season at Mountain Lake park, in Western -Maryland, is very promising. Twenty or more new cottages will be built, -and many of these have already been spoken for. - - * * * * * - -The Royal Poinciana hotel, of Lake Worth, Fla., which has been erected -on the site of the old McCormick house, is doing a large business. - - * * * * * - -The Macon (Ga.) news is urging the building of a great hotel at Macon -in emulation of Savannah and the Florida cities. - - * * * * * - -The Florentine hotel, at Huntington, W. Va., has passed into the hands -of Messrs. L. H. Cox and R. F. Jones. Mr. Cox is from Louisville, Ky.; -Mr. Jones formerly conducted the Joy house at Findlay, Ohio. They state -that large improvements will be made. - - * * * * * - -The Hotel Indian River, at Rock Ledge, Fla., has 350 guests and expects -to be crowded all through the month of March. - - * * * * * - -A new hotel is to be built at Charleston, S. C., at a cost of something -like $450,000. It is to cover a block 150×545 feet. The plans provide -for broad verandas adjoining the parlors and opening upon a garden -space to be larger than any similar grounds owned by any hotel in the -country. - - * * * * * - -Fort Worth, Texas, expects to have a new and first-class hotel. - - * * * * * - -The court has refused to confirm the recent sale of the Oglethorpe -hotel at Brunswick, Ga., and has ordered a new sale. - - - - -CORRESPONDENCE. - - -A Valuable Suggestion from England. - -A reader of the SOUTHERN STATES living at Florence, Ala., sent a copy -of the January number to a friend in England, and has received from -him the following very interesting and noteworthy letter, which we are -permitted to publish: - -“Many thanks to you for the January number of the magazine, “the -SOUTHERN STATES,” which I received this morning. I presume you sent -it, knowing that the interesting letters relating to the subject of -immigration to the Southern States so fully coincide with the views I -have long held and have expressed to you concerning immigration from -Great Britain to the South. - -“Those views were verified again only a few days ago in the following -manner: A friend of mine, who is a builder, wished to “talk with me -about America,” rather a big order if he had considered a little, -as having but limited means and a growing family he “thought of -emigrating.” _Where_ should he go? He spoke of many of the States I -know well, but he knew nothing of the South, except that they had -oranges and alligators in Florida. He was a fairly intelligent man, -too. After a long conversation, the length of which you will understand -when I tell you that I conducted my friend from the blinding blizzards -of Nebraska to the genial sunshine of Alabama, I promised to get him -some printed information from some of the emigration agents in London, -so that he could form an idea as to the requirements, capabilities and -resources of the South. Well, I tried to keep my promise, and called -on numerous agents. I could obtain _any amount_ of information about -any part of Canada and the Western States, but in this great city of -6,000,000 of people, I, an experienced Londoner, could not obtain a -line about Alabama, Tennessee, Mississippi, Georgia, Louisiana or -any other Southern State, except Florida, and as I enjoyed life in -the latter State for over three years I could describe a gopher or a -“Florida cracker,” better than the agent could. Is it to be wondered at -that people from England know the West and are ignorant of the beauties -of the South? There, you have your Southern difficulty in a nutshell. -We have over 35,000,000 of people on these little islands, very few -of whom really know anything whatever of the Southern States. We have -tens of thousands of men--small capitalists, manufacturers, skilled -artizans, farmers, dairymen, market gardeners, and business men of all -classes--who would give up the, in most cases, hopeless struggle here -(hopeless as far as a comfortable competence is concerned), and cross -over to the Southern States with their wives and families _if they -only knew_ the power of their skill, industry and perseverance in a -country where those qualities will give an ampler, fairer and a more -just reward than here. These people, the hewers of wood and drawers -of water, who are the backbone of every prosperous country, require -information, _official_, _authoritative_, _reliable_ information, about -Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, Tennessee, &c., and it is simply because -such information is lacking, difficult to obtain, or unreliable when -it is obtained, that so many go West and Northwest, whilst others, who -_could_ be induced to go South, stay and struggle on in the old rut -for want of being waked up. I feel perfectly sure that if a bureau -of information were established here in London and supplied with -literature, maps, &c., descriptive of the Southern States, and properly -advertised throughout Great Britain, the results would be quickly felt, -whilst the expense would be infinitesimal compared with the benefits -which would eventually accrue. Such a bureau, however, would have to be -managed by a man (or men) of integrity and experience, who should be as -unbiased as possible, and entirely free from sectional prejudice. An -agent should have sufficient business tact to know that he would never -benefit Georgia or Alabama by disparaging Colorado or California. I -know that many agents in England try to detract from every other State, -and every other section of a State, except the little spot they are for -the time pecuniarily interested in getting settled up. Their aims are -narrowed down to simply getting commissions on the railway and ocean -tickets, and a small prearranged percentage on any little land purchase -the immigrant may make from the agent in America, who has glowingly, -and very, very often untruthfully, described. - -“A Southern States bureau of information, such as I suggest for London, -should be kept entirely free from the machinations of the unscrupulous -land speculator, who, we all know, has in too many cases most seriously -injured States and localities, simply to gain some small selfish end -of his own. In my opinion the expenses of such a bureau of information -should be borne by Southern railroad enterprise, and the London bureau -should work in conjunction with established agencies, or sub-agencies, -in all the large towns and cities in Great Britain, and also be in -close touch with agencies in the United States, working with the same -object, viz.: To induce immigration to the Southern States. The South -as it really is can stand on its own merits, and is good enough for -anybody, no matter what class--capitalists, cotton kings, iron masters, -coal owners, farmers, or earnest, industrious artizans. The South can -supply every requisite for all, from the raw material to the finished -product. These are a few of the facts that people here in England are -ignorant of and _should_ be _informed about_, whilst many of your own -people in the North and Northwest are not much better informed on many -points. A couple of summers ago I was laughed at at my hotel in New -York because I remarked, “I cannot stand this sultry heat any longer; -I’LL GO SOUTH, _where it is cooler_.” I was considered a “bullheaded -Britisher;” but I was right, anyhow, for it _was_ cooler in Florence, -Ala., than in New York!” - - -A Letter from Western Georgia. - -Mr. George W. Truitt, of LaGrange, Ga., one of the most advanced and -successful of the present generation of progressive Georgia farmers, -writes to the SOUTHERN STATES as follows: - -“Noticing your commendable efforts to advertise the attractions and -resources of the South and induce immigrants to seek homes in this -country, I ask space in your columns for a review of some of the -inducements this immediate section offers. - -“This county--Troup--is in Western Georgia with the city of LaGrange as -its county seat. - -“LaGrange has a population of about 4,000 and is beautifully situated, -850 feet above sea level--on the Double Daily mail route from New -York to New Orleans, and on the new and splendid line from Palatka, -Fla., via Macon, Ga., to Birmingham, Ala. For healthfulness it has no -superior. It has two of the best female colleges in the South, and -an excellent male high school. The various religious denominations -are represented by nine churches. The town is lighted by electricity -and has a fine system of water works. Two strong banks furnish all -necessary money for business enterprises. The famous “Terraces” or -Terrell flower gardens are within a mile of the heart of the town. -There is a $400,000 manufacturing plant here, embracing the LaGrange -Cotton Mills, foundry and machine shops, oil mills and guano factory, -all under our management. - -“There are two carriage factories, a plow factory, planing mills, -variety works and ice factory all inside the city limits. A canning -factory will soon be erected, and a public school system will be -established. - -“LaGrange is surrounded by one of the best agricultural regions in -Georgia. - -“The farm lands are fertile, easily cultivated and yield abundantly -under intelligent culture. There has not been anything like a failure -of crops in twenty-five years through this section. The climate is all -one could wish. Extreme heat and cold are rare. Our lands are rolling, -with natural drainage; plenty of timber and pure water. Farmers can -work their lands in half a day after the heaviest rains. - -“The agricultural interest is undergoing a great and rapid change for -the better. We have abandoned the one-crop idea. - -“Since January 1st, 1894, there has not been sold at this point more -than one car of Western corn and meat. It has not been many years since -forty cars of those two items were sold in about the same time. - -“Lands here can be bought at a bargain. Our largest land owners see -the great importance of increasing our white population, and are -in thorough accord and sympathy with any movement looking to an -improvement in that direction, and stand with open hearts and friendly -hands to welcome a sturdy thrifty class with a little money and plenty -of will and energy. - -“One attraction, of the many worthy of an immigrant’s consideration -in this county, is the fact that the farmer has a home market for his -surplus farm products. Within a few months from now there will be a -demand, within a circle of fifteen miles around LaGrange from the -cotton mills already in operation and nearing completion, for 10,000 -more bales of cotton than the county raises; that means 30,000 bales; -we raise annually about 20,000. Many thousand bales will be sent direct -from the fields, as it is gathered, to the factory, where the spot cash -will be in waiting for the cotton and the seed, the value of the seed -amounting to, or adding to the cotton, at least one cent a pound. The -mill operatives furnish a market for thousands of dollars’ worth of the -farmers’ surplus food products. - -“Clover and grasses grow to perfection here, the Bermuda grass -especially, which furnishes nine months pasturage and yields -bountifully of a hay second only in nutritive value to the purest -timothy. - -“Here are some facts and figures from actual experience in farming in -this vicinity: $96 worth of Bermuda hay from one and a quarter acres; -$60 worth of rust proof oats from one acre; $64 worth of corn from one -acre; 2180 pounds lint cotton (a fine variety) from one acre, sold for -$174.40 and the seed brought $120. - -“We have a farmer in this county who twelve years ago was not worth -over $1000 and who now owns unencumbered property worth over $30,000; -made it all farming; has never engaged in any other business. - -“The thanks of every Southern man and woman are due you for the service -you are doing them. And every respectable immigrant who is influenced -by you to seek a home anywhere in this State, I know will not live here -long before his obligations to you will be expressed. - -“This country and any other will be truly great when the man who pushes -the plow is landlord of the sod he turns.” - - -Interest in the South Extending. - -A real estate and immigration agent in Iowa writes to the SOUTHERN -STATES as follows: - -“I have been reading the SOUTHERN STATES, and am deeply interested in -its work. I have been engaged in immigration work myself for thirty -years, and I readily see some of the difficulties in the way of -promoting immigration to the South. These can be readily overcome. With -the use of proper methods, there is nothing in the way of bringing -about a large movement from the Northern States to the South. The -people of the North are finding it a matter of necessity to change -their location, and this matter of moving to the South is of as much -interest to them as it is to the people of the South. The matter -rests largely with the railroad companies. With proper inducements -and co-operation, agents could be gotten to go through the South on -tours of inspection, whose reports on their return would influence -large numbers of families in their communities. They would, of course, -bear their own expenses, but they should have free transportation over -the railroads. Facilities of this sort should, of course, be extended -only to men of standing and reputation and influence at home, whose -favorable report would lead to the removal of numbers of families -in a body. I have taken parties of farmers into the West and the -Northwest. I am in a position to explain to inquirers every feature of -every county, for example, in Kansas and Nebraska. It would be easier -to get them to go South; but I am sure of what information to give -concerning Kansas and Nebraska, while my knowledge of the South is to -some extent limited. I have a great many inquiries about the South. I -am solicited now by a number of the best farmers of Iowa to go South -and look the country over, get a list of lands for sale, prices, terms, -etc., and find out for them what the conditions actually are. There -is great interest in the South, and from all I hear and read it seems -to be infinitely superior as a place for home-seekers to the far West, -but the railroads and others interested have got to be as liberal in -developing and fostering immigration efforts as the Western railroads -have been, in order to bring about any extensive movement of this sort.” - - -No Hard Times in North Arkansas. - -Mr. W. M. Duncan, president of the Citizens Bank, Eureka Springs, Ark., -writes to the SOUTHERN STATES as follows: - -“In this section of Arkansas, commonly spoken of as North Arkansas, by -which is meant the two northern tiers of counties across the State, -the financial condition of the farmers is better than at any time -during the past five years. They are raising increased food supplies, -and yet have very materially decreased their debts and improved their -properties. Very little cotton is grown north of the Boston mountains; -corn, oats, rye and sorghum being the chief cereals, while cattle, -hogs and sheep are raised to great advantage and profit. There has -not been a failure of any crops in the last five years. The outlook -for the farmers this year is very good, and that of itself makes the -general business situation of the towns and cities in this section most -favorable. - -“The great financial depression through which the country has recently -passed was felt less in this section of the Southwest than in any -other, from all reports. The reason was, our farmers were all well -stocked with fat marketable hogs and cattle, and were able thereby -to quickly realize on the same and meet the calls on them from their -bankers, made necessary by the foolish alarm from lack of confidence so -generally experienced in all financial institutions. - -“Our greatest industry, yet very small, fruit raising (especially -apples), merits the attention of all persons looking for a location -to engage in apple raising. The apples of North Arkansas have taken -the first prizes at New Orleans, San Francisco, Boston and the World’s -Fair. There are several thousand acres of young apple trees which will -bear the first fruit during the coming year, and as many more trees -have been planted during the past two years. Our climate is especially -adapted for this. - -“The present status of business with the merchants and general stores -is a great deal better than expected, and by early summer it is -believed the return to the customary good trade will be accomplished.” - - -A Strong Disposition to Move South. - -Mr. G. B. Randolph, of Anniston, Ala., writes to the SOUTHERN STATES -as follows about his observations on recent trip to the Northwest: “I -met many farmers and stock-raisers; also small fruit growers. (The -latter can do but little in that section). I find a strong disposition -among the people there on account of the severe winters and bad roads -to come to a more agreeable climate. This of course is to be expected; -people will naturally gravitate to a country holding out the greatest -inducements. Here we not only have mild winters but our summers are not -as hot as those in Illinois. A case of sunstroke is unheard of in this -State. Our soil is productive and easily tilled. The character of our -soil is red clay and sandy loam, and will produce anything that can be -raised in the temperate zone. A great deal of attention is now being -turned to fruit, vineyard and berry culture. Also we are proving this -to be a fine country for tobacco culture. We have a remarkably healthy -country. A case of lung trouble I never knew of originating here. As an -indication of the attention being paid to this section, will say that -within the past two days I have had inquiries for lands from the States -of New York, Indiana, Illinois and Missouri. Will be glad to answer any -inquiries from prospective settlers. We have heretofore been greatly -handicapped by excessive railroad rates to prospectors and immigrants; -now I am glad to say the roads are showing a spirit of liberality, and -we now have excursions the eighth of each month. Round-trip tickets for -one fare good for twenty days are being sold by the different lines in -the North for all points in this section.” - - - - -NEWSPAPER COMMENT. - - -The Yazoo Delta. - -The Memphis Appeal-Avalanche says: “From present indications the labor -problem in the Mississippi valley is about to solve itself. The answer -is a simple one--the substitution of white labor for black. - -“Everything seems to indicate that the shiftless, easy-going, -debt-making negro, dependent all the year round on the man who is -running him, will soon be a thing of the past. Of course there are -some negroes who are exceptions to the rule--who pay their debts -when they make them, who live economically, who know the value of a -dollar--but they are few and far between. - -“That the Mississippi Delta is the garden spot of the earth no one -doubts. Its soil is ever responsive to the hand of the tiller. It is -capable of raising the most diversified crops. As a cotton country it -has no equal. All kinds of fruit flourish in its kindly temperature. -The forest abounds in the most valuable woods. As a stock raising -country it is equal to the blue grass region of Kentucky. All that the -Delta needs is the hand of man to develop it, and man is beginning to -realize that his labor will count for more there than anywhere else. - -“As an example of the difference between Caucasian and negro labor, an -instance which recently came to light is invaluable. A wealthy planter, -owning a Delta farm, let part of it to some foreign families; the rest -to negroes. The foreigners worked hard. They raised diversified crops. -They lived as cheap as they could, and at the end of the year they -had not only paid their rent, but they had their barns stocked with -supplies and well-filled bank books. The negroes had not paid their -rent and were heavily in debt, besides being dependent on outside help -for supplies to run them through the year to come. The two classes of -tenants were exactly opposite, the one representing independence, the -other dependency. - -“The Yazoo & Mississippi Valley Railroad, recently purchased by the -Illinois Central system, passes directly through the Delta. It owns a -great deal of the land through which it passes, and is now making a -systematic effort to settle it with immigrants from the Northwest and -Europe. At present a large tract of land, known as the Bogue Phalia -district, is receiving the benefit of most of this effort, and the -families are rapidly moving in and taking possession.” - - * * * * * - -The Times-Union, Jacksonville, Fla., utters these profound truths: -“Capital is like Providence in just one respect. It helps those who -help themselves. It will take no risks in a community where the people -brand investments as bad by refusing to take part in them. Capitalists -know that men everywhere are looking for good investments, and an -enterprise that does not secure home support is presumed to be a -bad investment, no matter how much talk there is for the purpose of -convincing men to the contrary. The present is an auspicious time. -Millions of dollars of Northern capital are seeking investment, and -they will go to such places as prove rather than assert faith in the -investments they offer.” - - * * * * * - -The Atlanta Constitution, in making editorial comment on an item in the -SOUTHERN STATES, says: - -“We contend that the South is the most promising section in the Union -for enterprising farmers who will conduct their business in the right -way. The Northern and Western farmers are beginning to see this. They -are coming to the conclusion that it is short-sighted policy for them -to purchase land at $100 or more per acre when they can buy plenty of -good farming land in the South at from $5 to $25 per acre. A Northern -farmer needs at least forty acres, and this will cost him in his own -section $4000. This sum would buy him at $25 per acre a Southern farm -of 160 acres, but he can easily find good land at much lower figures. -Indeed, with $1500 or $2000 a farm of 150 or 200 acres can be purchased -in a productive region. The Northern farmer who comes South and sticks -to his diversified crop plan will keep out of debt and make money -from the start. He will find, too, that he will enjoy here the same -conveniences, facilities, institutions and society that he has always -been accustomed to at home. He will suffer none of the drawbacks -of moving to a new country among strangers. Our people are native -Americans--98 per cent. of them--and the Americans from other sections -who come here easily assimilate with them, and there is no sectional -prejudice to make it unpleasant for strangers. When an immigrant makes -it apparent that he is a good citizen his Southern neighbors readily -extend the right hand of fellowship without asking him where he hails -from.” - - * * * * * - -Here is the opinion of an editor who moved from Nebraska to Tennessee -and is now editing the Advance of Harriman: - -We came South from a State as fair as any under the sun. In some -respects it is unequalled by any land we have ever seen. But that is -not what makes a country desirable for a life-long, all-the-year-round -residence. - -With all the desirable qualities of Nebraska, and there is no Northern -State that can excel or even equal it, there are some disadvantages -that render it more than a hundred per cent. inferior to this country. - -In the first place, there are no minerals, no timber, and, -consequently, no manufacturing to supply a home market for produce. All -surplus grain must go to a foreign market, and the distance and freight -are so great, as to leave but very little for the farmer. Corn more -frequently sells for less than twenty-five cents a bushel than it does -for more than that, or even that figure. - -Then the long winters and severe blizzards. We know what they are, for -we battled with them for a good number of years, and are in a position -to judge between the climate of that country and this. - -Concerning the outlook for farming in this country, we are convinced of -two facts. - -The first is, that the same kind of farming given to this Southern soil -that is given to the the land in the North will result in just as good -crops. Of this we have no doubt whatever. - -The second is, that while the farmers of the Northwest have to sell -their produce for the lowest possible price, depending entirely on a -foreign market, here, with our stores of undeveloped minerals, and -immense quantities of timber to be manufactured, the farmer can depend -on a good local market for the next hundred years. - - * * * * * - -The Age-Herald, Birmingham, Ala., says: “The disposition among Northern -and Northwestern farmers to come South is every day becoming more -apparent. They long for the salubrious climate and fertile soil of the -South. When the South is covered by small farms owned by industrious -white farmers, then it will blossom as the rose. The negro shows a -disposition to get away from the farm. He is a social creature and -loves the society and excitement of the town. He flocks to the furnaces -and mills around the city. He can stand heat and enjoys the hot work -of the furnaces. He makes more at the public works. He is thriftless -and cannot manage, and can’t make farming pay. It is possible that -there will be a considerable shifting of places between the whites and -blacks, resulting in good to the entire country.” - - - - -WHAT THE NEWSPAPERS SAY OF THE “SOUTHERN STATES.” - - -The entire attention of the editor and contributors of this magazine -is devoted to the promotion of the South as a farming region, and to -the distribution of information which will at once attract immigrants, -show them where they may with the best advantage locate, and tell -them what to expect when they arrive. It is an undoubted fact that -many thousands of acres of land of remarkable productive capacity are -going begging for occupants in nearly all of the States south of Mason -and Dixon’s line at very low prices, and it seems to be the case that -the Northern or Eastern farmer of thrifty, economical and industrial -habits and with a practical knowledge of his business will not fail -to succeed in the South. “The South and Immigration” is the first -article in the present issue, and it consists of letters from prominent -railroad officials, showing the aids which are extended to immigrants -by these organizations. The next paper is made up of letters from -Southern banking institutions whose universal testimony it is that a -steadily increasing financial prosperity is in progress throughout -these States, and the “Letters from Northern and Western Farmers Giving -Their Experience in the South” tend to prove the same statement. This -magazine is serving as the medium for the carrying on of an enormous -and an invaluable work.--Boston Herald. - - * * * * * - -It is a just and true mirror of the Southern country and an invaluable -aid in its upbuilding and advertisement. The ignorance of the world -concerning all things Southern is astonishing, and is fostered and -increased by immigration agents and land companies by wilful and absurd -misrepresentation concerning its people, its climate, its methods -and everything connected with it viewed as a home for prospective -settlers. Until recently the South has had no champion against this -maligning. To combat these errors and let the world know the truth is -the mission of the SOUTHERN STATES, and the steadily increasing influx -of immigrants to this portion of the Union is in a great measure due to -its intelligent and unceasing efforts. - - * * * * * - -The SOUTHERN STATES is devoting itself to a remarkable degree -to illustrating the attractions of the South for farmers and -manufacturers, and to this end is printing in its monthly numbers -letters from farmers and railway managers throughout that section of -the country, who show what the possibilities are in dealing with the -soil and in gaining access to the markets of the nation. The forces -of immigration have been chiefly directed to the North and West until -a large portion of that country has been occupied; but the industrial -resources of the South have only just been touched, not developed, and -the railways are calling loudly for people who are ready to immigrate -to different parts of the South and purchase small farms. At the same -time a large number of the farmers give an account of their actual -experience in the different Southern States as agriculturists.--Boston -Herald. - - * * * * * - -The SOUTHERN STATES should meet with substantial endorsement from every -Southerner interested in the upbuilding of his section.--Commercial, -Union City, Tenn. - - * * * * * - -Mr. Wm. H. Edmonds has disposed of his interest in the Baltimore -Telegram, which was rapidly increasing in popularity as one of the -best literary weeklies in the country, and assumed the editorship and -management of the SOUTHERN STATES, the monthly magazine started a few -months since by the Baltimore Manufacturers’ Record. Mr. Edmonds is now -engaged in a work thoroughly congenial to him, the main object of the -SOUTHERN STATES magazine being identical with that he had mapped out -for the Telegram when he purchased the paper. The SOUTHERN STATES under -the new editor will, we are assured, rapidly increase in popularity, -especially in the South. Mr. Edmonds is thoroughly identified with -the progress of the South, material and industrial, and his exclusive -devotion to the magazine work guarantees a publication of the highest -literary character and extraordinary general interest. The Enquirer-Sun -extends its best wishes to the new management.--Enquirer-Sun, Columbus, -Ga. - - * * * * * - -The SOUTHERN STATES, an illustrated monthly magazine published in -Baltimore, has begun a movement which is calculated to do more good -than anything heretofore projected to induce the sturdy farmers of -the Northwest to seek more congenial homes in the Southern States -where the rigors of climate are not present to obstruct and hinder the -husbandman.--The Landmark, Norfolk, Va. - - * * * * * - -It is impossible to estimate the amount of good work that is being -done for the South by that splendid magazine, the SOUTHERN STATES. In -its January number “The South and Immigration” is discussed by the -leading railroad officers, representing nearly 30,000 miles of Southern -railroads, and this and the other subjects treated are handled in an -eminently practical way.--The Post, Houston, Texas. - - * * * * * - -The SOUTHERN STATES, a magazine published by the Manufacturers’ Record -Publishing Co., Baltimore, is doing more for the South than perhaps any -one publication in this heaven-favored land.--The Times, Selma, Ala. - - * * * * * - -The News notes with pleasure the efforts of the SOUTHERN STATES to -bring into favorable notice the great advantages the South possesses -in the agricultural field, and every Southerner who loves the Southland -should secure a copy of the SOUTHERN STATES for February, as it -contains the experience of men who have given different localities in -the South a fair trial in the agricultural line, and we are glad to -see from the actual experience of men who are capable of judging that -the South ranks second to no other section in farm production, and is -way above them all in the successful production of fruit.--Chattanooga -(Tenn.) News. - - * * * * * - -This magazine is doing a splendid work for the development of the -South.--The Citizen, Jacksonville, Fla. - - * * * * * - -Every issue of the SOUTHERN STATES marks a literary and artistic -improvement, which is most gratifying to the people of the South, in -whose interests the magazine is published.--The Post, Houston, Texas. - - * * * * * - -One who has any thought of removing to the South will find this -magazine a most valuable guide.--Western Farmer, Lafayette, Ind. - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's The Southern States, March, 1894, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SOUTHERN STATES, MARCH, 1894 *** - -***** This file should be named 53231-0.txt or 53231-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/3/2/3/53231/ - -Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: The Southern States, March, 1894 - An illustrated monthly magazine devoted to the South - -Author: Various - -Editor: William H. Edmonds - -Release Date: October 8, 2016 [EBook #53231] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SOUTHERN STATES, MARCH, 1894 *** - - - - -Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<p class="transnote">Transcriber’s Note: obvious printer’s errors have been repaired.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[1]</a></span></p> - -<h1>THE<br /> -<span class="smcap">Southern States</span>.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="smaller">MARCH, 1894.</span></h1> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"> -<img src="images/illus1.jpg" width="600" height="385" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">THE FRENCH BROAD RIVER.</p> -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h2>SKY-LAND!</h2> - -<p class="author"><i>By James R. Randall.</i></p> - -<p>The late Judge William D. Kelley was -an intensely practical man, and so not -given to rhapsody, but he has left on -record that Western North Carolina was -the most beautiful country upon which -his feet or eyes ever rested. He had -visited many lands and gazed upon -many transcendent panoramas unrolled -by the Master of the Universe. He was -a loyal and devoted son of Pennsylvania, -and enthusiastically loved and admired -her noble scenery, but when he beheld -the unrivalled majesty and picturesqueness -of Western North Carolina, his -honest soul expanded with the prospect, -and, in a burst of genuine candor, he -declared that never before had he looked -upon a region at once so sublime and -entrancing. What Judge Kelley uttered -has been, by many other enthusiasts, repeated -in varying phrase and similar -tenor. It is not called the Land of the -Sky because of its altitude. There are -numerous localities that surpass it in -this particular, but rather, I think, because -of a peculiar phenomenon of the -region, where the azure atmosphere that -we call the skies descends, or seems to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[2]</a></span> -do so, actually and magically upon the -tree tops and mountain sides, so that the -dazzled spectator almost instinctively -puts forth his hand to grasp the mysterious -panoply. When a child of -earth is thus moved, as it were, by -heaven, with the blue ether glorified by -sunlight, and the alpine groups transformed -in shape by fugitive clouds, no -wonder his mind becomes blissfully inebriated, -his soul uplifted, and his senses -plumed to take wing from the solid -globe that imprisons his feet. The dullest -fancy cannot resist the spell.</p> - -<p>The ardent, poetic temperament has -a conditional foretaste of what it is to -escape the flesh envelope and assume -spiritual alertness. But it is not always -thus that this gorgeous land presents -itself. It has moods of tremendous -energy, and to make returning mildness -more alluring, as the cunning master of -music intersperses rude chords in his -glorious melody, it veils the comely -perfection of its face in a storm of -frowns, but only such as triumphant -beauty can assume betimes. Then the -alpine cliffs are garmented with mist, -while the Hyder Ali of Cloud Land -poises on the declivities, concentrated -with black wrath, before rushing down -in fragmentary battalions upon the plains -below. But there is no ravage. The -little hut of the inhabitant remains unscathed, -still emitting from its rough -chimney a curling smoke, and the lordly -mansion, perched on some aspiring -peak, stands steadfast, while the fairy -maiden shrined there playfully dabbles -her white fingers in the foam of the -upper deep. From the dark canopy of -the great giant of the Smoky range leaps -the live lightning, and a thunder roll -bellows or crackles or mutters in a -myriad strange defiles, but we know -that behind this lowering front, hinting -of God’s smile behind the tempest, our -winsome Lady of the Sky is laughing -still, with the spring in her brilliant eyes, -and the wild flowers, smitten by sunshine -in her golden hair. Anon, as the -seasons are made mutable, another -phase is disclosed. The air grows cold -as if in the clutch of some Siberian intruder, -and feathery flakes pour down -their “snow storm of stars,” and the -mighty monsters of the mountain world -yield placidly to their chill, pallid cerements, -but we feel that this is one of our -enchanter’s displays of infinite variety, -and that our spirits are held in thrall for -another transformation. And what a -valiant exaltation the chill breath of the -ozone-ladened breeze fixes in our blood, -and what roses in our cheeks! How -we dominate with resistless stride the -pedestrian paths, or how we credit -the fable of the Centaur, when, in -the fervor of environment, we partake -of the joy and very existence of -the nimble steed we have bestrode adventurously! -In other climes and with -other surroundings we have felt languor, -or dullness, or restive incapacity, but -here, with the potent inspiration of the -panorama and the atmosphere, our -whole being bounds with daring briskness -and mastering activity. In the -overwhelming sense of powerful forces -put in play, we do not ask if life be -worth living, but thank God that we are -alive and filled with the alchemy of Sky -Land. When these agencies react and -demand the unbent bow, we lounge, it -may be on the porches of the grand -hotel, with eyes restful upon Pisgah -and the enormous petrifaction of the -rat that never budges from its lair. -Perchance, with appetite made robust -and undeniable, we attack the toothsome -repast provided, but ever and -anon we glance through the big -windows at the splendid pictures beyond, -as if we were afraid that some -stray expression of the amphitheatre -would escape us unaware. We stroll, -happy and satisfied, to the piazza, and -loll in an easy chair, puffing at pipe or -cigar, but never ceasing to confront admiringly -the scenes that intoxicated us -from the first. The sun has driven its -fiery, glowing chariot beyond the vast -barrier of loam and basalt, but left a -sparkling, glowing, radiant wake behind. -The clouds are blushing like traditional -brides, and the sorcerer of the sky has -grouped them among shining lakes and -islands and the watching perspective that -this inimitable artist alone can fashion -and dissolve. You presently understand -how the poet merely revealed -what he had seen when Night dropped<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span> -her crimson mantle and pinned -it with a star. And it was no exaggeration -when the grim Carlyle -bade us witness how Bootes drags -his reluctant dogs in a leash of sidereal -fire, or how mailed Orion flames his -plumes ’mid bright-battalioned planets. -As the mystic dusk robes the familiar -scenery with a pall, we hear the insect -world, if it be the proper season, conversing -in a thousand tongues, startled -anon by the shrill cry of a night bird, -and possibly we wonder if the momentary -shadow on the orb of the moon -was the vagrant pinion of Minerva’s -bird, or the flashing stroke of the eagle, -put to flight from his eyry slumber. -Then the vision fades, and some drowsy -sprite, circling in the atmosphere, infects -us with somnolency. We cannot resist -it, unless perchance strong coffee or -some such insidious decoction has violated, -for a time, the blessed ministering -of sleep that men, who have -betrayed or lost it, would give millions -to enjoy. We move to our -apartment in amiable indolence, and -hardly has our head touched the inviting -pillow when we reach that condition -wherein, as Lew Wallace says, even the -wicked cease to sin. And if we have -scientifically and rationally allowed -the wholesome air to enter a little at -the top and a little at the bottom -of our window, what slumber we -enjoy, unless we have deliberately assailed -and violated every law conducive -to repose! We know that while we rest -no noxious thing can enter our lungs, -but the pure, sweet, invigorating wind -from the heights is visiting our whole -system and repairing what other atmospheres -may have put in peril. What a -blessing, after such refreshment, to rise -in the earlier morning and prayerfully -go to the window for another glance at -the wonderland that has made us a -willing prisoner to its enticements! We -salute the mountains as loyal friends, -and they, after a vogue of their own, -appear to reciprocate our salute. They, -too, appear renovated with the dews of -night, and their variegated vestments -glitter with adornment. The fascinating -curves of the French Broad river cleave -the landscape, and the swift, clear tide -laves the feet of the giant peaks, whose -fertile valleys, smiling it may be with -agricultural abundance, betoken that this -is a fertile as well as a grand and attractive -region. How that fine farm called -Tahkeostee projects itself like an immense -backbone upon the undulating -piedmont, and how you scheme about -the happiness of a proprietor who holds -the title to such a domain! But you -need a nearer view, and, as all manner -of vehicles or horses are at disposal, -you take an excursion there, crossing -the railway track and handsome bridge -to emerge upon a firm country road. -You look back, and the prospect is -brave with splendid hotels, villas of all -manner of architecture, and the city of -Asheville, which, because chiefly of the -tourist travel, is rapidly taking rank with -the first cities of the State, by manufacturing, -by drainage and by the discovery -that all of the pure air on earth cannot -make amends for water contamination. -And so, with generous, innocent -fountain sources everywhere at the bidding -of man, Asheville and all Western -Carolina have nothing to crave for in the -way of physical health and happiness.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"> -<img src="images/illus2.jpg" width="600" height="415" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">VIEWS NEAR ASHEVILLE.</p> -</div> - -<p>Wooed by the spirit of adventure, -you spur your horse higher and higher -up the ascent, and find that some rich -man has fixed his abode in more or less -of grandeur atop the alpine plateau, -and you look down upon humbler mountains -and far away into the vista, where -the locomotive is pushing its path from -Henderson, or it may be Hickory Gap. -Descending the road you follow along -the bright, rippling stream, passing habitations -of various kinds, now rude or -humble, and now comfortable or charming. -At last you reach a spot that the -poet Moore would have raved about in -undying song, for it is worthy of any -singer, who, however tuneful, might -well despair of bringing justice to the -realm of so much beauty. The dwelling -there is not a palace, but evidently the -abode of taste and wealth. The garden -is what you have dreamed about, when -young and addicted to Lalla Rookh. -What a wealth of flowers and how artistically -displayed! The air is perfumed -all about this fairy kingdom and you -instinctively look askance for the apparition<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span> -of Prince Charming, or the Fair -One with the Golden Locks. The -Prince I have not seen, but the Fair -One was visible and, with her guidance, -I am permitted, in a luxurious nook, to -scan the surrounding glories. There is -no other just such site for perfect habitation, -for it is at the meeting of the -waters, which glisten far below. Here -the impetuous French Broad rushes to -the embrace of the gentle Swannanoa, -and here their mingled tides laughingly -and pellucidly hasten to kiss the awaiting -and absorbing sea. The mountains -are marshalled on dress parade in one -mighty ring around this centre of loveliness, -and the dream you have fallen -voluntarily into is only dissolved, and -not unpleasantly, by the matter-of-fact -tracks of steel that glisten at the base of -the hill, and the snorting or clanging or -whistling engine that plunges, with its -train, toward the station, which is now, -by local significance, well known as the -place where our modern Kubla Khan, -Mr. George Vanderbilt, must alight to -visit the matchless pleasure dome he -has decreed on the heights beyond the -summer lodge of the Fair One with the -Golden Locks, where, in imagination, -we are now spectator. It is needless -to repeat how much Mr. Vanderbilt has -spent or will continue to spend upon -what fame heralds as the most -complete and magnificent estate -owned by any private -gentlemen, and one that few -royal personages could obtain. -Without summing up the oft-repeated -and dry statistics of -the dimension of his residence, -out-houses, stables, barns and -acres, it is enough to understand -that, after the method -of another marvelous man -who has metamorphosed St. -Augustine, unstinted opulence -and modern art have met<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span> -for material transformation. No amount -of money could reproduce the -natural splendor of the location, -but science and skill and Aladdin’s -lamp, which is ready money and a -superabundance of it, can rear castles -and improve grounds in a way to be -worthy of such scenes of Arcadian -majesty and beauty all around. It -speaks well for the rich young man, -who is highly educated, most accomplished, -and a lover of literature in all of -its development, while kind and gentle -and benignant, that he should have determined -upon this place of all the -places in the world to rear his incomparable -home and be a veritable monarch -of much that he surveyed, though -not all. And yet, having once had -vision of this alluring sphere, it would -be indeed a source of astonishment if it -failed to exercise upon him the sorcery -I so feebly portray. The fancy takes -flight and pictures to itself what may be -the result of such a scheme. Will he, -when the palace is completed and everything -exhausted to fashion it as he -aspired, be any more content than he -was before? Will he abandon the -mighty Babylon of the East and abide -at his gorgeous Southern hermitage, -with its imperial setting? Will he simply -flit there, from time to time, and, at -other seasons, leave his domain, like a -haunted palace, a stupendous show-place -or proverbial folly? Will he settle -there, and perchance wed the Fair One -with the Golden Locks, becoming racy -of the soil of the Old North State, -dispensing joy, hospitality, munificence -and rational bounty? Will he, having -more than emulated the author of -Vathek in construction, live, like Beckford, -to behold the ruin of his aspiration? -But what is the use of tossing -these gilded juggler balls in the air of -imagination, and making inquiries of -that future which does not belong to -any mortal? Suffice it practically, that -young Mr. Vanderbilt has appreciated -the South, yielded homage to her -natural magnetism, and made his deeds -speak louder than words of praise. -Let us take for granted that he will -never weary of his designs and that -Providence has in store for him and his -surroundings special and exceptional -benedictions.</p> - -<p>Adjacent to Mr. Vanderbilt’s principality -are the grounds of the Kenilworth -Inn, which would have delighted Amy -Robsart and disarmed her enemies. -Never did British beauty of any country -preceding this command, even at the -hands of royalty, so many comforts as -the Kenilworth lavishly displays for the -delectation of the most exacting creature. -When this is said, what need of multiplying -words or measuring with yard-sticks -the magnificence of the various -compartments of the house or its broad -baronial park? Unless you are impervious -to all enticement, you will be -impelled to see these marvels through -your own eyes and then compare your -impressions with mine.</p> - -<p>Perhaps you who visit Western North -Carolina find instinct within you some -of the fiery blood of Orion or Nimrod -or Buffalo Bill, and wish to exercise it -in the slaughter of beasts and birds. -Well, with your improved weapon, with -all modern lethal devices, in dear old -clothes that are already creased in the -seams and baggy at the knees, you -may, with the rugged father of Esmeralda, -or one of her tough, nimble -brothers, follow the black bear to his -cave or track partridges, grouse or -squirrels to their leafy haunts, and make -them acquainted with death or anguish. -You may, even without having conned -the pages of Isaak Walton, be impassioned -for snaring diplomatic and -pugnacious trout, with an insect engendered -by the artificer or with the native -minnow; and, if so, your selection of -streams will be easy and your game-bag -should be bulging with trophies when -you homeward wend your way, with -appetite of a ploughman for the fare -of a French chef who has been beguiled -by Col. Coxe as the presiding genius of -his kitchen and larder. And the -Colonel will, after supper, make merry -with you, as becomes an elegant gentleman, -who has carried his accomplishments -all over the world, and who -laughingly declares that he is “the only -man extant who was killed on both -sides during the war.” He had possessions -at the North and South, and his<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span> -respective substitutes were among the -unreturning brave. So, by proxy, he -was slain twice, and yet is still alive to -the gratification of a host of friends and -admirers. You will be sure to get an -invitation from him to drive, with a -jocund company of both sexes, in his -tally-ho-coach, which is as well appointed -as any in the land, and it is a -memorable thing to see him handle the -ribbons over four thoroughbreds that -were nurtured on bluest and most succulent -of Kentucky grass. A drive -with Colonel Coxe and such ladies and -gentlemen as he groups around him is -an experience that you will fondle, some -day, when business or a kindred commonplace -tie fetters you to a dull or -smoky town. You will then comprehend -that poor girl, a rustic heroine and -living martyr, when she could forgive -the miserable man who had repaid her -with ingratitude and desertion, but -could not divine how, though he left -her, he could leave “The Mountings.”</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"> -<img src="images/illus3.jpg" width="600" height="415" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">MOUNT MITCHELL—6700 FEET ABOVE THE SEA.</p> -</div> - -<p>In a rollicking mood you may venture -to pay a pop-call on Bill Nye, who, -though he pokes perfunctory, periodical -fun at the Sky Land, clings to it, when -he can, like a fellow does to his skin, -and, in serious interludes, loves even its -occasionally disreputable roads, which -are, at any rate, picturesque and informal. -He may escort you to a friend’s -place of concealment, the den of “the -chemist,” the alchemist of moonshine -whiskey, warranted, no doubt, to kill at -three hundred yards. I have always -pitied these proscribed brethren, the -victims of our internal, or what no less a -person than Thomas Jefferson is credited -with denominating “infernal” law. -The moonshiner naturally has as much -right to boil his fruit or grain into spirits -as the farmer has to put hominy hot -in the caldron, but the law places a negative -upon his claim, and fosters and -pampers the trusts that so much trouble -the Democratic conscience, but are ingeniously -utilized to pay pensions or run -the government. So the mountain -chemist is given to hiding and, at times, -when hunted too persistently, to shooting -his pursuers. This is all wrong, because -unlawful, but it is hard to instruct -the grey matter of his brain on -such subjects. It is grewsome to see -these lank, leathery, unkempt, semi-barbarous<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span> -brethren brought into court -with manacles on their limbs and summarily -consigned to doleful exile in distant -dungeons. You will, when you see -them and their wives and their progeny, -wonder how such a country can produce -such specimens of humanity, but it is -easily understood when explanation is at -hand. In that region are reared the -best of cattle, sheep, poultry and fruits, -but the moonshiner disdains them. He -prefers, or habit and poverty compel -him to prefer, soggy, hot biscuit, excessive -coffee, cadaverous, greasy bacon, -assassinated in a frying pan. He drinks -too much of his own fiery decoction and -too little of the salubrious water that -leaps, gushes and sparkles on every -hand. If one could capture young -moonshiner girls and boys, feed them on -civilized diet, girdle them with proper -comfort, garment them decently, treat -them amiably and educate them wholesomely, -the transformation would be -thorough, startling and supreme. It -would be an object lesson conveying its -own moral, and this would be the evolution -of many Esmeraldas off the mimic -stage, and many a sturdy, comely, -valiant, intellectual man, who might succeed -in the Senate such typical Carolinians -as Vance and Ransom.</p> - -<p>Speaking of Vance, if you loitered in -Sky Land, in midsummer, you might -make your way to Gombroon, his highland -roost, and be sure of an old-fashioned -welcome. No man has a -heartier nature and no man is more of an -adorer, so to speak, of Western North -Carolina. He would tell you characteristic -anecdotes of his wonderful career -and hold you, as the ancient mariner -did the wedding guests, with wit and -wisdom, such as Master Coleridge never -“dreamt of in his philosophy.” So you -would understand from him what potent -possibilities this clime possesses, and -how from the very elements there is -distilled a subtle essence that holds in -solution the formation of noble men -and beautiful women.</p> - -<p>If, for instance, you had an agreeable, -harmonious company of friends and -acquaintances at Battery Park Hotel, -and longed for an ideal trip, not too -long, and which would entertainingly -add to your stock of enchantment, I -doubt not that Mr. McKissick, who is -young and genial and intelligent, as -becomes a cavalier South Carolinian -and manager of a great caravanserai, -would suggest a trip to the Hot Springs, -which, by rail, is not many miles away. -If you could prevail upon McKissick to -join your party, it would be an accentuated -treat, for he has been an -ardent, expert, accomplished newspaper -man, and is bubbling over with high -health and fresh humor. This maroon -is altogether delicious. From the car -window you get rapid but incessantly -changing views of the French Broad, -which, crossed and recrossed and -paralleled, is never out of sight. It is -mild and clear flowing; it is turbulent, -swift and vocal; it is free from impediment; -it is vexed with rapids and frustrated -with boulders as if a battle of -Titans had been contested to stormy -demolition; it is always charming. The -time consumed in the passage has never -for an instant tormented you, and even -the most voluble talker is content to let -his tongue “keep Sunday”—as an old -darkey said—in the presence of this -water course which descends in glory -through the mountain defiles. These -mountains enclose you, but they are not -like their Swiss family bare and bleak -and tawny, but lush with emerald -foliage or cultivated to their very brows. -The Mountain Park Hotel at Hot -Springs, like all first-class establishments -hereabout, is equipped sumptuously. -It has miles of piazzas. It -nestles in a happy valley. The river -runs hard by, and, at this point, is narrow -but energetic. It is a cold stream, -but here, a few feet from the surface, -hot fountains are latent, and any positive -disturbance of the earth-crust is followed -by vaporous exhalations. The baths -are seductive, the more so, perhaps, because -you are immersed in dazzling -marble tanks and the liquid purrs you -like velvet in motion. You can drink -vast quantities of this fluid for it has -amazing lightness and makes a delicate -stomach feel “like a gentleman.” Wondrous -tales are told of its curative faculties, -and I take for granted that a -rheumatic or dyspeptic man or woman<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span> -soon gets ashamed, in such ablution -and bibulation, of racking muscles and -azure imps. By what volcanic agency -this phenomenon occurs we can only -conjecture. The probability is that the -central fires are nearer than usual to the -surface, or that the boiling waters that -can ordinarily be reached by hard, -pertinacious mining toil, thousands of -feet deep, find here some propulsion and -channel of their own and need only a -touch to make them disclose their virtues. -If they do not “create a spirit -under the ribs of death,” they spur on -an appetite that may have lost all zest, -and when a man is impatient for his -meals and partakes of them with satisfaction, -disease has small hold upon -him.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"> -<img src="images/illus4.jpg" width="600" height="435" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">THE SWANNANOA.</p> -</div> - -<p>One of the weird sights of this region -is a mountain fire. On a dark night -such conflagrations are, of course, more -spectacular, and when belts of flame -cover large areas and are detached<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span> -fiercely from one another, the resemblance -to Kilauea, the burning lake of -the Sandwich Island, is startling. In -these days of Hawaiian perturbation -and discussion one could easily imagine -that he was in the Eden Isle of the -Pacific ocean, and might look for dusky -maidens darting by on horseback with -red hybiscus flowers blushing in their -lustrous black hair.</p> - -<p>This enchanted region is reached by -the Richmond & Danville railroad, -whose lines furnish approach also to -many other places in the alpine -location of South Carolina and Georgia -that merit equal attention with these -scenes so imperfectly described or -sketched from memory. Cæsar’s Head, -near Greenville, is a genuine curiosity, -and even the old European or Rocky -Mountain traveller admits that the prospect -from this precipitous elevation is -awesome and inspirational. At the old -town of Clarksville, in North Georgia, -the scenery is transcendent. Once you -have seen Mount Yonah you will never -forget it, and when will ever fade from -your recollection the prodigious carving, -by witchery in distant perspective, of -the Cherokee chief stretched gigantically -upon his sky-line bier? From the -porches of Roseneath villa you best discern -this strange conformation. There -he extends, in tremendous dimensions, -graven on the horizon, a distinct and -spectral Indian shape, with drooping -plumes. The people thereabout know -him familiarly as Skiahjagustah. You -may, in quest of gold, for the region is -full of it, seek to penetrate this mysterious -personage, but he will vanish as -you approach him, transformed to common -rock and tree and shrub, and yet -reappear by enchantment when you go -back to Roseneath and summon him -from beyond the Soquee river. Here -asthma has no clutch and rheumatism -ceases to torment. A German workman -came here crippled from New Jersey, and -presently grew perfectly well in this climate. -He is busily at work in wood and -iron in a shop of his own, and happy in -possession of a little farm, which has a -famous vineyard like unto those which -gem the banks of the Rhine or Moselle.</p> - -<p>Just beyond Clarksville is one of the -most beautiful valleys in all this world—the -Vale of Nacoochee—with Yonah -dominating the fertile plain, and the -upper Chattahoochee river purling -around it. Here the mound builders of -the continent had cherished habitation, -and here they left monumental signs of -their existence. Here the Cherokee -loved to dwell, and just on the banks of -the river and circumjacent to the -mound, where clover and corn attain exceptional -proportions, is a cemetery fat -with Indian death. From Clarksville to -Toccoa and Tallulah Falls is a mere -jaunt of an hour or so. But why attempt -to portray the graceful cascade and the -terrible torrent? Ben Perley Poore, who -had roamed in many lands and had -adoration of all sights of nature of a -high and exceptional kind, once told me -that after all of his wanderings the -scenes that lingered longest and fondest -in his memory were those around Clarksville -and Tallulah. Oh, you must see -for yourself the unrivalled Georgia -waterfall, with its tremendous chasm -and precipitous descent, not in one roar -of waters, but by successive leaps and -bounds and plunges, alternately divided -in swirling pools before dashing headlong -down to the palpitating plain. Each -fall is distinct in itself and of varied -fury, as you will perceive either from -the brink of the abyss or in touch -with the vital torrent. This, too, is -the Sky Land—glorious land—and -here, in the coming time, as elsewhere -in the alpine region of the South, many -thousands will come ecstatically. St. -Augustine waited long for a Flagler and -Asheville for a Coxe, but they came in -the ripeness of time and amazingly well -did they perform the work appointed for -them. If some men like these should, -in their opulence, propose to magnify -Clarksville, Nacoochee and Tallulah, -what new splendors will come to the -Land of the Sky, and what blessings -will be lavished upon thousands of -human beings who only need to know -the South to love it, and who are beckoned -back to health and strength and -happiness where</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="verse">“Far, vague and dim,</div> -<div class="verse">The mountains swim.”</div> -</div> -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span></p> - -<h2>THE SOUTH BEFORE THE WAR.</h2> - -<p class="author"><i>By Richard H. Edmonds.</i></p> - -<h3>I.</h3> - -<p>In order to understand and appreciate -the progress made by the South -during the last ten years it is necessary -to know something of its condition -prior to the war and immediately after -that disastrous struggle. “The New -South,” a term which is so popular -everywhere except in the South, is supposed -to represent a country of different -ideas and different business methods -from those which prevailed in the old -ante-bellum days. The origin of the -term has been a subject of much -discussion, but the writer has rarely -seen it ascribed to what he believes to -have been the first use of it. During -the war the harbor and town of Port -Royal, S. C., were in the possession of the -Northern forces, and while they were -stationed there a paper called “The -New South” was established by Mr. -Adam Badeau, who was afterwards -General Grant’s secretary. This was -probably the first time that the term -was applied to the Southern States. Its -use now, as intended to convey the -meaning that the progress of the South -of late years is something entirely new -and foreign to this section, something -which has been brought about by an -infusion of outside energy and money -is wholly unjust to the South of the -past and present. It needs but little -investigation to show that prior to the -war the South was fully abreast of the -times in all business interests, and that -the wonderful industrial growth which it -has made since 1880 has been mainly -due to Southern men and Southern -money. The South heartily welcomes -the investment of outside capital and -the immigration of all good people, -regardless of their political predilections, -but it insists that it shall receive from -the world the measure of credit to -which it is entitled for the accomplishments -of its own people. In the rehabilitation -of the South after the war -Southern men led the way. Out of -the darkness that enveloped this section -until 1876 they blazed the path to -prosperity. They built cotton mills and -iron furnaces and demonstrated the -profitableness of these enterprises. -Southern men founded and built up -Birmingham, which first opened the -eyes of the world to the marvellous -mineral resources of that section, and to -Southern men is due the wonderful -progress of Atlanta, one of the busiest -and most thriving cities in the United -States. When the people of the South -had done this then Northern capitalists, -seeing the opportunities for money-making, -turned their attention to that -favored land.</p> - -<p>The Southern people do not lack in -energy or enterprise, nor did they prior -to 1860. Since the formation of this -government they have demonstrated in -every line of action, in political life, on -the battlefield, in literature, in science -and in great business undertakings, that -in any sphere of life they are the peers of -the most progressive men in the world. -From the settlement of the colonies until -1860 the business record proves this. -After 1865 the conditions had been so -completely changed that the masses -lacked opportunity, and to that alone -was due their seeming want of energy. -The population was largely in excess of -the number required to do all of the -work that was to be done. At least one-half -of the whole population was without -employment, for the war had destroyed -nearly all the manufacturing interests -that had been in existence; agriculture -was almost the only source of work -for the masses. With no consumers for<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span> -diversified farm products it would have -been folly to raise them. Cotton and -cotton alone was the only crop for -which a ready market could be found, -and it was also the only crop which -could be mortgaged in advance of raising -for the money needed for its cultivation.</p> - -<p>The Northern farmer is enterprising. -He raises fruits and vegetables and -engages in dairying and kindred enterprises -because he has a home market -for these things. The Southern farmer -had none and could not create one. He -might deplore his enforced idleness -when he saw his family in want, but that -would not bring him buyers for his eggs -or chickens or fruit when there was no -one in his section to consume them. -The almost unlimited amount of work -for the mechanics and day laborers -generally at the North enabled every -man to find something to do. In the -South there was almost an entire absence -of work of this character. Men hung -around the village stores because there -was no work to be had which would -yield them any returns. With the -development of manufactures there -came a great change. The opportunity -for work had come, and the way in -which the people who had hitherto been -idlers rushed to the factories, the furnaces, -and wherever employment could -be secured demonstrated that they only -needed the chance to prove their energy.</p> - -<p>The greatest blessing that industrial -activity has brought to the South is that -it is daily creating new work for -thousands of hitherto idle hands, and -creating a home market wherever a -furnace or a factory is started for the -diversified products of the farm. The -latent energy of the people has been -stimulated into activity, and the whole -South is at work.</p> - -<p>But to fully understand the South in -its relation to business matters, it is -necessary to study its business history -before the war had brought about a -degree of poverty which has no equal -in modern history.</p> - -<p>In the early part of this century, and -even before then, the South led the -country in industrial progress. Iron -making became an important industry -in Virginia, in the Carolinas and in -Georgia, and Richmond, Lynchburg and -other cities were noted for the extent -and variety of their manufactures. -Washington’s father was extensively -interested in iron making, and Thomas -Jefferson employed a number of his -slaves in the manufacture of nails. South -Carolina was so imbued with the industrial -spirit that, about the beginning of the -Revolution, the State government offered -liberal premiums to all who would -establish iron works. By the census of -1810 the manufactured products of the -Carolinas and Georgia exceeded in -value and variety those of all New -England combined. The South Carolina -Railway, from Charleston to Hamburg, -built by the people of South -Carolina, was the leading engineering -accomplishment of its day, not only in -this country, but of the world. Greater -than this, however, was the road projected -by Robert Y. Hayne, of Charleston, -to connect Charleston and -Cincinnati, and thus make the former -city the exporting and importing port -for the great West. Unfortunately for -the South Hayne was sent to the United -States Senate, and the growing sectional -bitterness, because of slavery, so completely -absorbed his attention that his -great railroad undertaking had to be -abandoned.</p> - -<p>The stimulation given to the cultivation -of cotton by the introduction of -the gin and the extension of slavery, -with the liberal profits in cotton cultivation, -as prices ruled high for most of -the time from 1800 on to 1840, caused a -concentration of capital and energy in -planting. But between 1840 and 1850 -there were several years of low prices, -and attention was once more directed to -industrial pursuits. The decade ending -with 1860 witnessed a very marked growth -in Southern railroad and manufacturing -interests, but there was no decline in -the steady advance that was making the -South one of the richest agricultural -sections of the world. During this -time railroad building was very actively -pushed, and the South constructed 7562 -miles of new road, against 4712 by the -New England and Middle States combined. -In 1850 the South had 2335 -miles of railroad, and the New England<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span> -and Middle States 4798 miles; by 1860 -the South had increased its mileage to -9897 miles, a quadrupling of that of -1850, while the New England and -Middle States had increased to 9510 -miles, or a gain of only about 100 per -cent. In 1850 the mileage of the -two Northern sections exceeded that of -the South by 2463 miles. The conditions -were reversed by 1860, and the -South then led by 387 miles. In the -decade under review the South -expended, according to official figures, -over $220,000,000 in the extension of -its railroads, the great bulk of this -having been local capital. This activity -was not confined to any one State, but -covered the whole South, and every -State made a rapid increase in its mileage. -In Virginia there was an increase -from 515 to 1771 miles; the two Carolinas -gained from 537 to 1876 miles; -Georgia from 643 to 1404; Florida -from 21 to 401; Alabama from 132 to -743; Mississippi from 75 to 872; Louisiana -from 79 to 334, and Kentucky -from 78 to 569. Neither Texas, Arkansas -nor Tennessee had a single mile of -railroad in 1850, but in 1860 Tennessee -had 1197 miles, showing remarkable -activity in construction during the -decade, while Texas had 306 miles, and -Arkansas 38.</p> - -<p>The percentage of increase in population -in the South from 1850 to 1860, -even including the slaves, was 24 per -cent., while in the rest of the country, -the gain due largely to immigration, of -which the South received none, was 42 -per cent. Yet from 1850 to 1860 the -South increased its railroad mileage 319 -per cent., while in the rest of the country -the gain was only 234 per cent. The -South had one mile of road in 1860 to -every 700 white inhabitants; the other -sections all combined had one mile to -every 1000 inhabitants. Thus counting -the whites only, the South led the -country in its railroad mileage per capita, -and if the slaves be included, the South -still stood on a par with the country at -large in per capita railroad mileage.</p> - -<p>While devoting great attention to the -building of railroads, the South also -made rapid progress during the decade -ending with 1860 in the development of -its diversified manufactures. The census -of 1860 shows that in 1850 the flour -and meal made by Southern mills was -worth $24,773,000, and that by 1860 -this had increased to $45,006,000, a -gain of $20,000,000, or nearly one-fourth -of the gain in the entire country, and a -much greater percentage of gain than in -the country at large, notwithstanding -the enormous immigration into the -Western grain-producing States during -that period. The South’s sawed and -planed lumber product of 1860 was -$20,890,000 against $10,900,000 in 1850, -this gain of $10,000,000 being largely -more than one-third as much as the -gain in all other sections combined, -although even counting in the slaves the -South had less than one-third of the -country’s population.</p> - -<p>The advance in iron founding was -from $2,300,000 in 1850, to $4,100,000 -in 1860, a gain of $1,800,000, a very -much larger percentage of increase than -in the whole country. In the manufacture -of steam engines and machinery -the gain in all of the country except the -South was $15,000,000, while the gain -in the South was $4,200,000, the increase -in one case being less than 40 per cent, -and in the other over 200 per cent. -Cotton manufacturing had commenced -to attract increased attention, and nearly -$12,000,000 were invested in Southern -cotton mills. In Georgia especially this -industry was thriving, and between 1850 -and 1860 the capital so invested in that -State nearly doubled. It is true that -most of the Southern manufacturing -enterprises were comparatively small, -but so were those of New England in -their early stages. The South’s were -blotted out of existence by the war; -New England’s were made enormously -prosperous, justifying a steady expansion -in size, by the same war. In the -aggregate, however, the number of -Southern factories swelled to very -respectable proportions, the total number -in 1860 having been 24,590, with an -aggregate capital invested of $175,100,000.</p> - -<p>A study of the facts which have been -presented should convince anyone that -the South in its early days gave close -attention to manufacturing development,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span> -and that while later on the great profits -in cotton cultivation caused a concentration -of the capital and energy of that -section in farming operations, yet, after -1850, there came renewed interest in -industrial matters, resulting in an astonishing -advance in railroad construction -and in manufactures. But this is only a -small part of the evidence available to -conclusively prove the great energy and -enterprise of the six and a half million -white people who inhabited the South.</p> - -<p class="center">(<i>To be Continued.</i>)</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> -<img src="images/footer1.jpg" width="400" height="100" alt="Decorative footer" /> -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span></p> - -<h2>AN AMERICAN ITALY.</h2> - -<p class="author"><i>By Erwin Ledyard.</i></p> - -<p>The Southern States of the Union -have received only a small proportion of -the tide of immigration that has flowed -into this country during the last half -century, and especially during the last -twenty-five years, swelling the population -of new commonwealths, causing -towns to spring up, like Aladdin’s -palace, in a night, and giving to cities a -growth phenomenal and marvelous. It -is not the purpose of this article to -inquire why this has been the case; it is -sufficient to state a fact that is indisputable. -During the past decade the people -of these Southern States have turned -their attention seriously to the question -of attracting immigration, and thus increasing -their industrial importance and -utilizing some portion of the immense -tracts of land now lying idle. Books -and pamphlets descriptive of the climate, -soil, products, and resources of the -different States have been published, -conventions have been held, and agents -have been appointed. The results of -these efforts are now beginning to be -seen. The number of foreign settlers in -the South is steadily increasing, and the -class of immigrants coming into the -section is, generally speaking, a most -desirable one. They are men of sufficient -intelligence to think and act for -themselves, and to leave the beaten -paths that have been followed by most -of their compatriots.</p> - -<p>For a number of years the Irish were -the most numerous class of immigrants -that came to the South. They settled -for the most part in the cities, and, as -they have done elsewhere, early exhibited -great aptitude for politics, and much -inclination for municipal offices. For -the most part they were useful and -patriotic citizens, taking a deep interest -in public affairs and thriving in their -various vocations. Then came the -Germans, also industrious, and more -thrifty than their Celtic predecessors. -They also, with few exceptions, became -inhabitants of cities. Caring less for -the machinery and minutiæ of politics -than either Americans or Irish, they -devoted a large portion of their leisure -time to social relaxation, and to musical -and dramatic societies, and taught native -as well as foreign born citizens the useful -lesson that a moderate use of wine -and beer would give much more rational -enjoyment than an immoderate use of -spirits, and would leave no headache -afterwards.</p> - -<p>During all this time, extending to -some eight or ten years ago, few immigrants -coming into the South settled in -the country. Some may have realized -that “God made the country but man -made the town,” but few felt like venturing -into what was <i lang="la">terra incognita</i> to -them, a region where, in their opinion, -the negroes were the only people that -ploughed, hoed and planted, and where -they would be compelled to compete -with that class of labor. More is now -known about the South, and the fact -that white men in that section have for -years been working small farms by their -own individual labor is now fully recognized, -and in Texas and other Southern -States citizens of foreign birth have -turned their attention to tilling the soil. -The tide of immigration no longer -spends itself when it reaches the cities.</p> - -<p>This fact is especially apparent in the -large counties of Mobile and Baldwin in -the southern part of the State of Alabama. -Some years ago a settlement of -Italians was located near Daphne in -Baldwin county, close to the eastern -shore of Mobile Bay. The colony has -thrived and prospered, engaging in fruit -and grape culture and agricultural pursuits. -A short walk brings its members<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span> -to the town of Daphne, where they can -look out upon a sheet of water thirty -miles long and from twelve to fifteen -miles wide, which, though not so beautiful -as Naples’ famous bay, is still fair to -look upon, and glows sometimes with as -gorgeous sunsets as those that are -reflected by the blue waters of the Mediterranean, -while the smoke that rises from -its shores is not that of a slumbering -volcano threatening devastation and -destruction, but of industry and commerce, -promising peace, prosperity and -happiness.</p> - -<p>The success of this colony is attracting -other Italians to Baldwin county, -and also to its neighbor across the bay, -Mobile county. Quite a number have -bought lands along the line of the -Mobile & Ohio Railroad, on a plateau -or table land that begins some twenty -miles from the city of Mobile, and which -extends to the northern limit of the -county. This plateau is from 350 to 380 -feet above the level of the sea, and from -five to ten miles in width. The Italians -who have settled on it have cleared their -land for cultivation and have built themselves -comfortable houses. They are all -putting out fruit trees, principally pears -and plums, and grape cuttings of various -kinds. The pear trees are mostly what -are known as “Le Conte” and “Bartlett,” -while the grapes are “Delaware,” “Concord,” -“Catawba” and some other varieties. -They will probably in time turn -their attention to winemaking, and can -then make use of the “Scuppernong” -grape that grows almost wild in the -section of country in which they have -located and rarely fails to bear abundantly.</p> - -<p>These Italians are a very different -class of people from those one meets in -the purlieus of the fruit quarters or in the -slums of large cities. They are mostly -from the north of Italy, although some -of them hail from Naples and its neighborhood. -They are intelligent, industrious, -orderly and law-abiding, and they -are so polite and cheery in their manners -and demeanor that it is a pleasure to -meet them. They seem to regard -people of property and position, near -whose places they reside, in the light of -friends and advisers, entitled to deference -and respect. Many good people -in this country have formed their ideas -of Italians from what they have read of -the lazzaroni of Naples or the vendetta-loving -inhabitants of Sicily. Others -have an undefined notion, gathered from -operas and melodramas, that most -Italians who are not proprietors of -hand-organs and monkeys wear either -red nightcaps and striped shirts or tall -hats shaped like the old time sugar-loaf, -jackets or coats with metal buttons and -short coat tails, and leggins composed -to a large extent of particolored ribbons. -This costume they accentuate with a -sash or belt containing a stiletto and a -pair of villainous looking horsepistols, -and an old-fashioned muzzle-loading -gun with a crooked stock. These simple -folks would be much surprised if -they could see the sons of Italy who -have brought their lares and penates to -the shores of the Gulf of Mexico. -They dress as the average American -citizen dresses and the only vendettas -that they swear are against those birds -and animals that injure their crops. -Their hope is soon to sit under their -own vine and fig-tree in a land truly -flowing with milk and honey, and to -make their lives bright with the light-hearted -gaiety and peaceful content that -made existence pleasant even amidst -the exactions and privations of sunny, -but overtaxed and overcrowded Italy. -Already the sounds of music are borne -on the evening air as these pioneers in a -great movement of their race rest at the -close of day from their labors, and -rejoice over their freedom from heavy -burdens, and in that feeling of independence -that the ownership of land gives -to foreigners of small or moderate -means.</p> - -<p>These settlers can truly be regarded -as to the advance guard of a race movement -that will eventually make of -Southern Alabama, Southern Mississippi -and a portion of Western Florida an -American Italy. The coming of Italians -to Alabama can no longer be considered -as an experiment. As has been previously -stated, the settlement in Baldwin -county was made some six or eight -years ago. These people can live on -less than either Americans or negroes,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span> -for they have been accustomed to the -strictest economy at home. The great -fault of the colored race, and to a large -extend of their white employers in the -South, is wastefulness. When negroes -can make a living on land in the section -of country under consideration, Italians -will surely be able to do so. They have -the utmost confidence in their ability to -do so. The negro is not satisfied unless -he has meat to eat every day in the -year. The workers on farms and in -orchards and vineyards in Italy are accustomed -to live on bread, fruit and -vegetables for weeks at a time. Their -repasts often consist of a piece of bread -and a bunch of grapes, or a piece of -bread and an onion.</p> - -<p>That this class of immigrants will -greatly benefit the section to which it -has been attracted, to use a Gallicism, -goes without saying. They will make -good citizens, for they would not seek -rural life if they were the adherents of -any special political propaganda. Experience -has fully demonstrated the fact -that all foreigners holding extreme -opinions in regard to government and -social order that come to this -country, Russian Nihilists, German -Socialists, French Anarchists, Irish -Dynamiters, and Italian Red Republicans, -make their homes in cities, and -generally in large ones. The quiet of -country life is distasteful to them. They -must live in the midst of agitation and -turmoil, and constantly attend gatherings -where they deliver or listen to -incendiary or socialistic harangues, or -existence becomes almost unendurable to -them. These settlers in South Alabama, -on the contrary, are well satisfied with -the institutions of the country to which -they have come in search of homes, -appreciate the safety and security that -are caused by the supremacy of law and -order, and look forward to prosperous -and happy lives in a land where war is -unknown, where the balance of power -does not trouble the souls of statesmen, -and where no immense armaments are -maintained by imposing heavy and -grievous burdens on the people. They -have come to stay, and many will follow -in their footsteps. The region to which -they have betaken themselves has for -years been a market garden for the -West. It will now also become an -orchard and a vineyard. We are living -in an age of progress, and wonderful -changes and developments are ahead of -us.</p> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span></p> - -<h2>LETTERS FROM NORTHERN AND WESTERN FARMERS, -GIVING THEIR EXPERIENCE IN THE SOUTH—VI.</h2> - -<p>[The letters published in this issue form the sixth instalment in the series -commenced in the October number of this magazine. These communications are -published in response to numerous inquiries from Northern people who desire to -know more about agricultural conditions in the South, and what is being -accomplished by settlers from other sections of the country. These letters were -written by practical farmers and fruit-growers, chiefly Northern and Western -people who have made their homes in the South. The actual experiences of these -settlers, as set forth in these letters, are both interesting and instructive to those -whose minds are turned Southward.—<span class="smcap">Editor</span>.]</p> - -<h3>Fruit-Growing in Middle Georgia.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">Charles T. Smith</span>, Concord, Ga.—Concord -is located in the fruit belt of -Middle Georgia. The country is slightly -rolling and well watered. The soil is -productive and can easily be brought to -a very high state of fertility. For years -cotton has been the staple crop, but -King Cotton has a powerful rival now -in peaches and grapes. Fruit-growing -was introduced into Middle Georgia -about twelve years ago. The first plantings -were small and there were many -scoffers. The industry proved to be -very remunerative, and each year -showed an increased acreage until fruit -farms of 100 to 500 acres are now not -uncommon, and hundreds of carloads -of grapes and peaches are shipped -annually and are known far and wide -for their superior quality. Georgia -grapes and peaches bring a higher price -in all the leading markets than the same -fruits from any other State in the Union, -and with each season their popularity is -increased.</p> - -<p>The future outlook is very encouraging. -The prices to be obtained now -are not so large as heretofore, but with -increased production came better -methods of growing and hauling and -better shipping facilities, and the profits -to be derived are much the same, and -far more satisfactory than any other -crops that can be grown. This industry -has been largely fostered by Northern -men, who have always been with the -foremost in progress. Their efforts -have been crowned with success, and -they may now look with pleasure not -only on the handsome properties they -have amassed but also on this splendid -new industry in the development of -which they have been pioneers.</p> - -<h3>A Northern Man’s Observation of -Southern People.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">L. S. Packard</span>, Pine Bluff, Moore -county, N. C., formerly of Warrensburg, -N. Y.—Few persons realize from passing -through the South what the soil is -capable of producing under careful cultivation. -After a stay of several years -among Southern people I have learned -much about them and their modes of -work, the care the lands ought to have -and the yields that can be expected -under good cultivation. I give in brief -my observations:</p> - -<p>Southern men and women are justly -entitled to the credit they get for being -the most hospitable people in the United -States. The majority of them live easy, -enjoy life and are contented to go forward -in the quiet ways of their fathers. -Some, however, are branching out, learning -to make money and are accumulating -fortunes on the farms and in the -factories. It is the general belief of the -Northern people that Southern people -cannot succeed.</p> - -<p>To show an instance where a Southern -born man has succeeded I shall confine my -article to one man and to one farm, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span> -in my future letters give the names of -Northern men who have come South. -Within a mile of the Seaboard Air -Line in the county of Clark and State of -Georgia, Mr. John Smith has a farm of -several hundred acres. He started with -small means but has improved, buying -more land and stock, building larger -barns and better houses each year until -he has one of the finest and best equipped -and regulated farms in the United States. -His grain, clover and grass fields are as -fine as any in Pennsylvania or New York. -His stock is well kept and creditable in -number and quality; they will compare -favorably with the best in Ohio, Michigan -or any part of the Northwest. His cotton -fields are beautiful beyond description. -He has every convenience in the -way of modern machinery. He has -built and equipped a railroad from his -farm to Athens, Ga., and has erected a -cottonseed oil mill, fertilizer factory and -conducts a general mercantile business -to supply tenants and employees.</p> - -<p>Mr. Smith’s farming operations were -enough to convince me that all the soil -needed was careful cultivation and constant -attention to yield three times the -profit of any in the Northern or New -England States.</p> - -<p>Recently I met Mr. J. T. Patrick, of -Southern Pines, N. C., who is a noted -worker for Southern development and -perhaps one of the best posted men in -the South in regard to the developments -going on in that section. I spoke to -him about Mr. Smith. Mr. Patrick said: -“I have seen his farm and it is a credit -to Mr. Smith and the South, but there -are many more Southerners who are -doing as well as he, but I suppose you -have not seen their farms. Major R. S. -Tucker, of Wake county, Dr. W. R. -Capehart, of Bertie county, and thousands -of others scattered over the South -are owners and managers of as fine -farms as you can find in any part of the -United States. You Northern people -do not get out from the line of railroad -to see what our people are doing, and -we are generally judged, condemned -and sentenced by people who ride -through our country at the rate of forty -miles an hour on a Pullman palace car -and don’t know the difference between -a cotton plant and a stalk of buckwheat.”</p> - -<p>There is a great deal of truth in what -Mr. Patrick said. Northern men who -come South to learn ought to come -down prepared to stay long enough to -go into the country and see the farms -and not judge the South from a poorly -conducted farm, but from those managed -with intelligence.</p> - -<h3>Political Opinions Not Counted.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">James M. Dickey</span>, Superintendent -National Cemetery, Corinth, Miss.—In -1881 I was a resident of Lamed-Pawnee -county, Kansas. From March 1, 1882, -to March, 1884, was stationed at Barrancas, -Fla., near Pensacola. From April, -1884, to the present time have been a -resident of Corinth, Miss.</p> - -<p>My observations during this time have -been somewhat limited, but in the material -progress the agricultural classes -have made considerable advance. The -old-time theory that cotton was the only -crop to be raised with profit has been -discarded. Corn, potatoes, tomatoes, -strawberries, grapes, fruits, etc., and -nearly all classes of products that the -truck gardener can raise will find remunerative -sale. Climate and healthfulness -are exceptionally good. I have not been -under the care of a physician during the -period of nine years.</p> - -<p>Churches are Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian -and Christian. Schools of -Corinth are public, graded into primary, -intermediate, grammar and high school. -Seven months, with two months additional -of pay school, to such patrons as -may elect to send.</p> - -<p>The one great and all important question -that has been asked of me by visitors -to this place is: “How do the people -treat you? Are you ostracized from -society?” etc. My answer has been, and -I have no reason to change it, that a -person’s habits and deportment are his or -her passport or entree to society. It -makes no difference in North Mississippi -whether a person came from Georgia or -Michigan; the social reception is the -same.</p> - -<p>The political liberality of the citizens -is as good as anywhere. While having -their own honest convictions, they<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span> -respect the convictions of others. -My political views are in a minority, -but during all this time no one -has questioned or impugned my motives -or convictions or hindered the rights of -suffrage.</p> - -<h3>Middle Georgia as Compared with the -North and West.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">G. N. Barker</span>, Longstreet, Ga.—As -one who has been a resident two -years in Middle Georgia after ten years -residence in the West and Northwest, -occupied in stock raising, etc., I may be -able to point out a few advantages and -differences relative to these parts. What -will strike the farmer most on arriving in -this section is the total absence of grass -meadows or any visible facilities for the -pasturing of stock, but curiously enough, -an abundance of fairly nutritious hay -may be cut during summer, of sufficient -nutritive value with the assistance of a -little grain for stock. The corn crop is -light per acre to one used to the West; -oats, however, yield well when well -cultivated, and are off the ground in -May, the same ground making also a -good hay crop the same year. Bermuda -grass makes an inexhaustible supply of -pasture for all stock, except three winter -months when green rye, barley or oats -will take its place. Italian rye grass I -have found grows luxuriantly during -winter and spring, and it makes more -milk than almost any herb. Red top -grass also succeeds well. During summer -there is an abundance of forage -crops for all classes of stock, and of -good nutritious quality. Stock is -healthy here, provided it is kept -clean and not overfed with too highly fattening -foodstuffs. My health has vastly -improved in this climate and I have recovered -from the exposures of the -Northwest. The land here is poor and -run down, but good cultivation and -moderate manuring soon restore a fertility -that is astonishing to anyone seeing -only what is done without fertilizer. -The greatest drawbacks in this section -are the total inability of the laborer, -merchant and business man to comprehend -or encourage anything but cotton. -All kinds of fruits flourish with good -care bestowed upon them.</p> - -<p>Farmers coming from other parts will -have to either do or closely superintend -the minute details of their business; -nothing can be left to the colored labor -and they have not yet had any practice -with the better methods or implements. -Lumber is cheap; also carpenters very; -to one accustomed to Western prices, so -many comforts may be had unattainable -out there. The heat is no drawback, -not being anything like the maximum -attained in North Dakota and Montana, -but the summer is long and debilitating -to the newcomer, who must use discretion -in taking too much sun the first -season. Good foundation stock of all -kinds can be bought here at moderate -prices. Living is very cheap and work -not hard, if cotton is let alone, as -there is more time all-the-year-round to -work than in colder regions. Roads are -moderate and railroads numerous, obviating -the distances to be traveled out -West to and from one’s station and -postoffice. As a place of residence for -comfort, absence of great atmospheric -changes, cheapness of living and land, -and other things necessary to the comfort -of a farmer, I consider the South -has many and varied advantages over -the North and West.</p> - -<h3>From New Hampshire to North Carolina.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">R. M. Couch</span>, Southern Pines, N. C.—The -statement of facts I shall make in -this letter will lean to the conservative in -all cases, as after a residence of eight -years and an extensive correspondence -with inquirers after facts, I have learned -that the truth is good enough and exaggeration -folly. By the advice of my -physician I left New Hampshire and -located here, and have not been North -even on a visit since, and as the climate -was the first consideration with me, let -me say unqualifiedly that I believe it as -near perfect all the year round as can be -found in any part of the world. I am -confirmed in this conclusion by the -testimony of scores who have sought -this haven of health after trying such -places as Colorado, California, New -Mexico, Arizona, and even the South of -France and Italy. The healthfulness of -this section being established, the next -question which confronted me was the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span> -means of support, and as we make no -claim that this soil (a light sandy loam) -is adapted to general farming, we were -compelled to look to the fruit industry -as the most likely to help us out, and -well are we repaid for the venture. It -is proved that a dry atmosphere and -porous soil produces very fine flavored -fruit and that in this climate, also, the -fruit “colors” up better and makes a -much better appearance than that grown -in a colder and less sunny climate. But -one strong hold on the fruit industry -lies in our geographical position as regards -the ripening season, which brings -our fruit into market, out of competition -with any other section. This fact was -proved by our shipments last season.</p> - -<p>Within five years there have been -planted in this immediate section 1500 -acres in fruit, and in order that your -readers may have the advantage of direct -correspondence with any or all the -growers of fruit, I will give the names -from memory: C. J. Eaglesfield was -the pioneer on a small scale; S. N. -Whipple, extensive peach, plum, grape -and nut farm; Van Lindly Orchard Co., -350 acres peach, pear, plum and blackberry; -Niagara Grape Co., 107 acres in -grapes; Southern Pines Fruit-Growing -Co., eighty acres in grapes; Benjamin -Douglas, Jr., of Orange, N. J.; Tarbell -& Carlton, H. P. Bilyeu, Dr. C. W. -Weaver, C. D. Tarbell, Thomas Carlton, -Fred Oberhouserheur, James H. Murray, -S. W. Thomas, Charles H. Thompson, -Edwin Newton, Doctors Boynton, -Stevens and R. M. Couch, Rev. A. A. -Newhall, B. Van Herff, J. T. Wilson, -Dr. W. P. Swett, H. P. Stebbins, J. A. -Morriss, R. S. Marks, L. S. Johnson, -C. C. Mitchell, John Huttonhomer, F. -J. Folley, Rev. J. W. Johnston, Mrs. L. -A. Raymond, Mrs. Louisa Young, P. -Pond, Fred Dixon and others. There -were shipped from this point last season -150 tons, being the first bearing year of -the oldest vineyards of much size. The -bearing vineyards and orchards the -coming season will more than double -the shipments, and in two years all the -vineyard trees mentioned will come to -bearing.</p> - -<p>The prices in Washington and New -York last July were six and seven cents -per pound for black grapes, and thirteen -and fourteen cents per pound for Delaware -and Niagara, and $3.50 to $4.50 -per bushel crate for peaches and plums. -The demand was as good at the close of -the season as at first. Write to Dr. -C. W. Weaver, S. N. Whipple, H. P. -Bilyeu, C. D. Tarbell, C. B. Mabore for -prices obtained for their own shipments. -Dr. Weaver realized from three acres -of his best Delaware grapes $150 per -acre net.</p> - -<p>I have thus, in a rambling way, given -your readers an idea of the climate and -agricultural resources of the sand hills -of Moore county, N. C.</p> - -<p>Southern Pines is a town eight years -old, in the midst of the turpentine -region of North Carolina, sixty-eight -miles southwest from Raleigh, on the -Raleigh & Augusta Railroad (part of -the Seaboard Air Line), fifteen hours -from New York, and is six hundred feet -above sea level, the highest point in the -whole turpentine belt. The soil is a -sandy loam and has a perfect drainage. -Malaria is unknown. The presence of -the long-leafed pine in large quantities -causes the generation of ozone to such -a degree as to make this locality almost -a specific for throat and lung difficulties. -Many physicians and a large number of -the cured and benefited testify to its -wonderful effects. The town is filled -mainly with Northern people, and has -four hotels, a good school, and church -services every Sabbath. There are -three stores, and railroad, telegraph and -express offices. There are many fine -residences and a large hotel 300 feet -long and four stories is being built with -modern improvements.</p> - -<h3>Fruit-Growing in Texas.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">R. T. Wheeler</span>, Hitchcock, Galveston -county, Texas.—I have examined -and am very much pleased with your -magazine, and particularly the department -of agricultural correspondence. -This is an exceedingly interesting and -important feature, well calculated to -accomplish much in the settlement and -development of the South. Your journal -has a high mission and is on the -right road.</p> - -<p>Unlike most of your correspondents<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span> -I am a native of this State, and a lifetime -resident of this section, and therefore -naturally biased in favor of this -country, climate and people, free, however, -from any prejudice against any other -portion of the country. While I am not -in the strict sense a farmer, and have no -skilled acquaintance with any branch of -horticulture or agriculture, I have had -ten years’ practical acquaintance with -the cultivation of this soil, and my ten -years’ residence at this station, fourteen -miles from Galveston City, has given me -the opportunity of observing its rapid -progress and development within the -past five or six years, from a purely -stock country, a naked prairie, in which -lands were worth not exceeding fifty -cents per acre, devoted exclusively to -raising ordinary Texas cattle, it requiring -at a low estimate ten acres to -support one cow of the value of about -$6, to a prosperous and independent -fruit and truck farming community, -having over 150,000 pear trees set to -orchard, over 100 acres in strawberries -now ripening and ready for market, -yielding from $300 to $600 per acre; -some 300 acres more in cultivation in -general vegetables, a church, good -public schools, with an average attendance -of over fifty scholars daily, good -stores, about twenty artesian wells flowing -good, pure, wholesome water in the -greatest abundance, from a depth of -about 600 feet, nurseries and rose -gardens with several hundred varieties -of roses now in full bloom in the open -air, without a poor man or woman, and -not one that is not making a good -living, a community whose reputation is -co-extensive with horticulture within the -States and Canada, whose products are -well-known in Chicago and other markets, -and whose strawberries have sold -as far West as Salt Lake City.</p> - -<p>Very much of the wonderful development -of this country is due Col. H. M. -Stringfellow, who some nine years since -introduced the Le Conte and Kiefer -pears, and whose orchard, in the language -of an ex-governor of Texas, is -“simply a world-beater.” Last year, as -we all know, was both a drouth and a -panic year, and yet on his thirteen-acre -orchard Mr. Stringfellow cleared considerably -over $5000 on pear fruit alone, -and much more on the sale of rooted -pear cuttings, these pears being propagated -by cuttings. I could write a -book about this country and then be in -the same trouble as the Queen of -Sheba, but I fear that this letter is -beyond reasonable length. Notwithstanding -this extraordinary development, -lands are still comparatively cheap; -the best can be had from $20 to $50 -per acre.</p> - -<h3>An Opinion of Arkansas After Three -Years’ Trial.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">J. M. Sowle</span>, Dryden, Ark.—I came -here from Michigan in June, 1890. -Located at a place now called Dryden, -just west of Gilkerson on the St. Louis -Southwestern Railway, with seventeen -families and a few single men; seventy in -all. The B. & S. W. Railroad now runs -through our town.</p> - -<p>Two families returned to stay; three -more got lonesome here in the woods -and went back expecting to stay, and -before they were back two months -acknowledged that they were homesick -to come back and did come back, as -they liked the society here, as well as -the fine weather and good health. -Everyone here now are here to stay, -and most of them have bought land.</p> - -<p>We have such nice warm sunshine -and weather in the winter. Health best -of any place we were ever located. Out -of the seventy people in the three years -and eight months, have had eight -persons sick enough to go to bed. One -two-year-old girl died; another three-months-old -babe died; she was well at -midnight, found dead in bed in the -morning; and one woman fifty years -old died with consumption, think hereditary, -as her father, mother and five -brothers and sisters died with the same -disease. The three who died are -counted in the eight sick, except the -babe.</p> - -<p>The soil here is good and never fails -to raise crops on account of drouth or -any other cause. We have raised fifty -bushels shelled corn to the acre on our -poorest land, and a bushel of potatoes -to twenty-four hills, and in fact nearly all -kind of crops are extra good. The<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span> -county is naturally suited to peaches, -plums and grapes. General good crops -are corn, cotton, wheat, oats, timothy, -clover, red top, blue grass, blackberries, -raspberries, apples, pears and quince.</p> - -<p>Society is good; more church members -in proportion to population than -any place I ever was in. Laws are -enforced here better than any place I -ever lived.</p> - -<p>This county is a peaceful and safe -county to live in, as we have the best of -accommodating neighbors, as well as -law-abiding citizens.</p> - -<h3>A General Answer to Many Letters of -Inquiry.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">A. K. Fisher</span>, Abbeville, Ga.—My -letter published some time ago in your -magazine brought me so many letters of -inquiry concerning this section, our -mode of farming, cost of getting land -ready for cultivation, etc., that it required -a long letter to each, and I have been -unable to comply. I write this letter -now to cover all the ground of inquiries.</p> - -<p>Abbeville has about 2000 inhabitants, -is county seat of Wilcox county, Ga., is -on the Savannah, Americus & Montgomery -Railroad, sixty-five miles east -of Americus, where the railroad crosses -the Ocmulgee river. This river is -navigable; Brunswick is near its mouth.</p> - -<p>Abbeville has two churches—Methodist -and Baptist; Presbyterians also have -service there. Schools generally are not -as good as in most of Northern States, -but are gradually improving; have some -teachers from the North.</p> - -<p>Heretofore the products from this section -have been lumber, spirits turpentine, -rosin, cotton, some beef cattle and wool.</p> - -<p>A few years ago fortunes were made -in a short time in lumber and turpentine -business when properly managed, but -most of the operators increased their -business, bought large tracts of land, -borrowed money, etc. Now the prices -of those products have declined to or -below cost of production, and for the -past two years our banks have not been -loaning money, so those parties are -obliged to sacrifice their lands. Although -this section has been settling up -rapidly, lands can be bought for less -than two years ago.</p> - -<p>In past twenty years cotton has -declined from twenty to seven cents per -pound. When cotton brought from -fifteen to twenty cents per pound the -cotton planter had all the money he required -and raised nothing else for market. -As a class they spent their money freely; -if more money were required before the -crop was made they could readily get -advances on cotton crop; now the staple -is below cost of production, still many -are obliged to grow cotton, as it is the -only crop on which they can get -advances. To change requires an -expenditure for farming implements and -machinery for putting in and harvesting -the crop, stumps are to be gotten out -of the way, etc. To grow fruit requires -several years to realize. Most of the -planters own large tracts of land, and -are anxious to dispose of a part; some -are hoping each year the acreage in -cotton will be reduced (by many putting -their lands in other crops), thereby -enhancing the price of cotton and they -be benefited. They prefer to grow -cotton, having never done anything else. -Some who tried hay failed on first trial, -as they did not have proper implements, -and they exposed it to dews and rain -after it was cured or partly so.</p> - -<p>The timber in this locality is long -leaf pine, excepting along the river, -where is abundance of hardwoods, viz: -different varieties oak, hickory, ash, -gum, cypress and some elm. The pines -are not thick on the land; the principal -roots go straight down; the surface soil -is sandy, intermixed with dark pebbles -and clay subsoil. The mode of clearing -land is to deaden by girdling the trees, -burn the logs and trash on the ground, -fence and put in the plough. To one -not accustomed to it, this looks very -slovenly, but I believe it is the best plan, -as in a few years the trees rot and fall -to the ground. The trees are no more -in the way than the stumps; the dead -hearts can much more readily be split -into rails or burned than when green. -The heart rails will last fifteen years; it -costs about $10.00 per thousand to -put rails into fences; rails are ten feet -long. I am building board fences; -lumber costs me at mill $5.00 per -thousand feet. There are plenty of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span> -mills. I have my posts split from dead -hearts and faced with axe; they cost me -about three cents each at fence. When -the ground is wet a man can dig seventy -holes in a day; when dry the clay subsoil -becomes very hard and one half above -number would be good work.</p> - -<p>I have taken stumps from 200 acres -land at a cost of about $2.00 per acre; -generally would cost from $2.00 to $6.00 -per acre, according to length of time land -had been cleared. I have not tried -dynamite; some have, but cannot state -whether it gave satisfactory results; I -believe it would, especially in new land. -We plant our corn in rows, generally -six feet apart and from two to three feet -apart in a row, one stalk in a place. At -last working of corn we put in one or -two rows of peas to every row of corn; -the peas and corn mature at same time. -When corn is gathered we gather peas -enough for seed, then put in the hogs -and they fatten from the peas. Some -varieties of those peas will remain on -the ground all winter and grow the next -summer. The pea crop is worth as -much as the corn crop.</p> - -<p>Corn grown here is worth seventy -cents per bushel. From sixty acres I -got over 1200 bushels of corn. I used -on the sixty acres two tons of phosphate -that cost here $16.00 per ton -mixed with the manure from four mules -and 200 bushels cottonseed worth fifteen -cents per bushel. Some make more, -some less, according to cultivation and -amount of fertilizers used. One of my -neighbors for several years past has been -making forty bushels of corn to the acre.</p> - -<p>From 100 acres in oats I got 2000 -bushels; these are rust proof and always -in demand for seed; I sold all for sixty -cents per bushel. I used no fertilizers -under the oats; I generally cut two -crops of hay same season from same -land after I cut my oats. I plough, -harrow and roll the ground in June. I -use under the hay guano worth about -$6.00 to every acre and get two tons of -hay per acre worth here $18.00 per ton. -This grass comes spontaneously after -the land is cultivated a few years and -makes excellent hay. It does not grow -North. This year one of my neighbors -cut from twelve acres 600 bushels of -oats; put no fertilizers under the oats, -but had the year previous oats on same -land, and after the oats were cut, in -June, he planted it in peas; when the -peas matured he turned his hogs in; by -October the hogs had gathered the -peas, then he ploughed under the pea -vines and sowed in the oats. This is -the most economical way of improving -our lands. The crop of peas pays for -all the expense. We feed but little corn -to our hogs.</p> - -<p>Wheat is grown but little in this -section. When cotton was worth twenty -cents per pound no one would raise -wheat, so the mills were either torn or -rotted down, but in a short time there -will be a mill to grind wheat in the -vicinity. There are plenty of mills to -grind corn. Nearly all the vegetables -grown North do well here, and come -into the market much earlier, and many -that do not grow there do well here. -Cabbage and Irish potatoes do well here, -but when planted in spring mature early -in summer and do not keep longer than a -couple of months; when planted in -July they mature in fall and keep tolerably -well, but sometimes it is difficult to -get a stand of plants in July.</p> - -<p>This is about 32° north latitude; -peaches, pears, plums, grapes and some -varieties of apples do well here, and -all begin bearing at much younger age -than North; perhaps are not as long-lived, -but heretofore no care has been -taken of them.</p> - -<p>In the woods the grass grows during -summer from one to one and one-half -feet high, and makes a splendid pasture, -especially for six months, commencing -in April. The cattle, sheep and hogs -are never fed. At this time of the year -all are poor, but in May both cattle and -sheep are in good order. By having -some winter pastures to keep the cattle -fat for winter market the beeves would -bring fancy prices in the home market. -There is plenty of good beef here in -summer; in winter our beef comes -from the West (cold storage) and costs -by the quarter eight cents per pound.</p> - -<p>We sow oats from September to -February; I pasture mine some in -winter, but there are a number of grasses -that make here a good winter pasture.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span> -Alfalfa is being grown with success in -some portions of this State; no doubt -would do well here. These cattle, -sheep and hogs on the range have never -been improved by crossing with -improved breeds; the rule has been to -leave every tenth male for breeding -purposes. By crossing the native ewes -with some of the improved breeds, and -feeding some on pasturing in winter, -lambs could be put into Northern markets -much earlier than from the States -farther North. These cattle and sheep -are all gotten up at a certain time for -shearing and marking, when those for -market are sold to buyers who ship -them to the cities to sell to butchers. -Some of the stock is never seen by the -owners. The young are marked with -the mark of its mother, the fleece of -wool tied up and marked, the owner -notified, he pays for sheering and gets -it. All land not fenced is range and -free to all. One might own 1000 head -of cattle and not own an acre of land. -Hogs live and grow on range but do -much better when fed some; those near -river get fat from acorns.</p> - -<p>Building material is cheap. Kiln-dried -and dressed flooring and ceiling -from $8.00 to $12.00 per M feet; No. 1 -Brick at kiln $5.00 per M.</p> - -<p>Butter is worth thirty cents per pound, -eggs fifteen cents per dozen, -sweet milk ten cents per quart, buttermilk -five cents per quart.</p> - -<p>A number of parties from Ohio came -to this section last February; some -bought when they came, others bought -this winter; all remained. They say -they do not feel the heat any more than -in Ohio, as we have more breeze and -the nights are pleasant. Sunstrokes are -unknown. A few days ago a party -from Ohio bought 300 acres of land -one and one-half miles from Abbeville, -thirty acres of which is cleared, all -salable timber cut from the balance, but -enough for farm purposes on the land; -buildings worth $150; no orchard; 250 -acres fair pine lands, fifty acres of but -little value, price paid $1600; $1150 -cash, $450 in twelve months. The -buyer intends going into the dairy -business; also fruit and improved stock. -Lands can be bought at from $2.00 to -$10.00 per acre, according to distance -from railway, improvements, etc., and -my experience is a better profit can be -made farming from an acre here than -from an acre in the Northern States, -where their lands are valued at from -$50.00 to $75.00 per acre. Taxes are -about fifty cents on values of $100. -Near rivers, ponds, etc., are subject to -some fevers. I have lived here for past -twelve years; have not had case of fever -among my family or hands on the place.</p> - -<p>We have no sand flies nor mosquitoes, -except near ponds and water courses -there are mosquitoes. We are not subject -to tornadoes or cyclones as in some -parts of the West. Our labor is mixed, -mostly negroes. Farm hands are paid -from $8.00 to $12.00 per month and -rations. A ration consists of four -pounds of bacon and one peck meal for -six day’s work. Where it is white labor -they are boarded in the family of the -farmers. The negroes here are strong -competitors in many of the trades, -especially carpenters, blacksmiths and -painters; also masons. Our climate is so -mild that it is not necessary for comfort -for a house to be plastered or ceiled -inside; very few farmers’ houses are; -neither is so expensive clothing required -as in the North. On the nights of the -fifth and sixth instant we had very little -ice on shallow water on the ground; -those were the coldest nights this winter. -I have seen snow a few times in last -twelve years; have seen none this -winter. Ploughs can run all winter. A -few peach trees are in bloom now -(February 14th). There are no government -or State land to homestead or for -sale in this State, but plenty of lands -for sale either unimproved or improved. -We cultivate too much land here; we -should cultivate less and work and -fertilize better.</p> - -<p>The people are anxious for Northern -farmers to come and settle here and -will render home seekers any service in -their power, furnish them stock to ride -or drive and take care of them whilst -they are procuring locations, etc. I -would not advise anyone without some -capital to come; anyone coming should -come with the expectation of working -for himself and not for others. I notice<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span> -that the Big Four and St. Louis Railway -are selling round-trip tickets to -points in Georgia, good for twenty days, -for one fare. These tickets are issued -for March 8th and April 9th.</p> - -<hr /> - -<h2>ITEMS ABOUT FARMS AND FARMERS</h2> - -<h3>Small Farms In Florida.</h3> - -<p>It seems strange that farmers of the -North will purchase land for farming -purposes at $100 or more per acre when -in the South there is an abundance of -land at from $5 to $25 an acre, from -which, acre for acre, a larger revenue -can be derived. Because of the variety -of products raised in the North no farm -of less than forty acres is regarded as -sufficiently large to maintain a family.</p> - -<p>The tendency in the North is towards -larger farms, and many farmers are not -satisfied with a farm of less than 160 -acres. Make the acreage only forty, and -the farm is worth $4000. On twenty -acres of land in Florida that can be -bought at $25 per acre, one can get a -larger annual return in dollars than he -can from the $4000 farm in the North.</p> - -<p>This statement needs no proof. It is -being demonstrated year by year all over -the State, and only needs to be understood -by the great army of home-seekers -of the country to bring such an influx -of them as will make Florida one of -the most populous portions of the country. -Thousands of people in the North -want just such homes as are within -their reach here. They have not money -enough to pay for a satisfactory home at -the high prices of the North, but they -possess enough property to be able to -secure a good home in Florida. If they -could only be enlightened as to what -awaits them here, they would come in -force.—The Citizen, Jacksonville, Fla.</p> - -<h3>Improved Methods of the Southern -Farmer.</h3> - -<p>The Savannah Morning News sees -cause for favorable comment in the -improved methods of the Southern -farmer. It says: “Contrasted with the -average Southern farm of fifteen years -ago, the average Southern farm of today -presents a striking object lesson of the -New South’s progress. Plows, hoes and -other agricultural implements are no -longer left in the fields, or without -shelter in the barnyards, overnight, or -for weeks at a time, according to the -whim of the user. Wagons and carts -are not left standing, covered with mud, -at the most convenient place to drop -them. Harnesses are not thrown on a -fence, or a peg, or a hitching post, -exposed to the weather, until wanted. -These things now have their orderly -places under shelter and are properly -looked after. Rainy days are no longer -spent in loafing about the kitchen, but -employer and hired man put in the -time of the rainy day in the barn -mending harness, oiling machinery, -tightening wagon bolts, etc.”</p> - -<p>All of this goes to show thrift and -economy, and partly explains why many -a Georgia farmer has surplus funds to -loan at interest.</p> - -<h3>Condition of Georgia Farmers.</h3> - -<p>At a meeting of the Georgia State -Agricultural Society, held at Brunswick, -Ga., February 14, Col. Waddell, the -president of the society, said, in an -address:</p> - -<p>“The condition of the farmers of -Georgia is not really understood. The -view entertained by the optimist being -too rosy, that of the pessimist too -depressing. They are nearer out of -debt than they have ever been, they -have more home-raised supplies than -for many years, and they are managing -their affairs with more judgment and -prudence than ever before. But they -experienced the pinching scarcity of -money, and some of them are burdened -with debts which would have been -cancelled but for the shrinkage in the -value of their lands and the products<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span> -of their farms. You who are practical -farmers know there is no money in -raising cotton at seven or eight cents a -pound, and that our only hope of success -is in producing every possible article of -necessity at home. Fortunately, we are -not dependent on the cotton crop, for -in variety and diversity of products, and -in soil and climate, Georgia produces -unequalled advantages, and these advantages -are being recognized and -utilized more and more every year.”</p> - -<h3>Texas Tobacco Growers Organize.</h3> - -<p>The tobacco growers have formed an -association for mutual benefit and for -the promotion of this branch of crop -cultivation. It is to be called the Cigar -Leaf Tobacco Growers’ Association, and -intends publishing a paper in the -interests of Texas tobacco.</p> - -<p>O. A. Smith, of Willis, is president; -H. F. Malone, of Willis, vice-president, -and J. F. Irvine, secretary and treasurer. -The executive committee is composed -of the following: Clark Arnold, of -Galveston; J. M. Buckley, of Willis; -T. G. Wools, of Hondo; J. H. Bruning, -of Galveston; J. J. Strozier, of Willis; -C. F. Rhode, of Galveston; O. A. -Smith, of Willis, and H. S. Elders, of -Willis.</p> - -<p>The by-laws of the National Tobacco -Growers’ Association, as adopted at -Washington, are adopted by this association.</p> - -<h3>Profitable Rice Culture.</h3> - -<p>The New York Journal of Commerce, -in an article on rice growing in Southwestern -Louisiana, says: A couple of -years ago the crop was excessive, but -the last crop is well sold up, and there -is little doubt that the consumption of -rice will vastly increase in this country. -Scientifically and practically it is one of -the best of foods, and the taste for it is -growing. Portions of this section of -Louisiana are sufficiently watered by -natural overflow, but a good deal of it -is artificially irrigated. Some of the -farmers say that it is a little more work -to cultivate rice than wheat or corn, but -most of them think it is less; there is -no great difference in the cost. The -general testimony is that it costs $5 or $6 -an acre to cultivate it, exclusive of irrigation, -which, as already said, is not -always necessary. A dollar for seed, -two for cultivation and two for harvesting -is the estimate of many farmers, -though a few put the cost at a dollar or -two more, and some go as high as $10 -or $12. Ten barrels in the rough is -regarded by many cultivators as a fair -average crop, but yields of twelve and -fifteen barrels are common. The farmers -generally get from $2 to $3 a barrel, and -sometimes a little more. A rice cultivator -at Lake Author, La., writes: “I can -say honestly and positively that a man -can make a big fortune in four or five -years raising rice.... I know a -number of farmers that have for the -past three years averaged fifteen barrels -per acre, and their net average price per -barrel for the three years was $2.85.” -These figures give gross receipts of -$42.75 per acre.</p> - -<h3>Fruit Growing in Louisiana.</h3> - -<p>At the recent annual meeting of the -Louisiana State Agricultural Society, F. -H. Burnette, the horticulturist of the -State Experiment Station at Baton -Rouge, read an interesting paper upon -Southern fruits.</p> - -<p>Prof. Burnette has given much time -to the development of the fruit industry -of Louisiana, experimenting upon the -different varieties of fruit indigenous to -the climate, utilizing his knowledge of -foreign horticulturing and experimenting -at the station. He gave a full report of -these experiments. The paper was of -especial interest to small fruit growers, -dwelling upon the varieties of peach, -pear and orange which can be grown -with success in Louisiana, and of the -new variety of Japanese and Chinese -plums and persimmons which he has -grown at Baton Rouge with success.</p> - -<p>At the same meeting Judge Lewis, -of Opelousas, spoke of the cultivation -of figs as a marketable crop and -one which has never failed of -producing remunerative results by close -attention to the cultivation of the trees. -He also spoke of the preserves made in -Opelousas of the rind of the sour orange -and also of figs, which are sold in the -stores of Opelousas. The fig tree is<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span> -self-supporting, and as an orchard which -produces and supplies itself, being free -from climatic influences. He spoke -at length upon the possibilities of canning -the fruits of Louisiana and shipping -them to Northern markets.</p> - -<p class="tb">The farmers of Sumter county, -Georgia, the county in which Americus -is located, are more and more abandoning -the all cotton business and turning -to the growing of fruits.</p> - -<p class="tb">Mr. J. B. Dubose of Ridge Spring, -Edgefield county, S. C., has experimented -with great success in the growing -of celery. It is claimed that the -product of his farm is equal in every -way to the best Kalamazoo celery.</p> - -<p class="tb">The business of truck gardening -around Weldon, N. C., has undergone -great development in the last year or -two. To accommodate this growing industry -the Wilmington & Weldon railroad -is putting in additional side track -facilities.</p> - -<p class="tb">The State of Georgia has one of the -agricultural experiment stations established -by the United States Government, -which has been in existence about four -years. Its purpose is to aid the farmers -of the State by experiments in the preparation, -fertilization and cultivation of the -soil, etc. It is maintained by an annual -appropriation of $15,000 by the United -States government. The property used -for the purposes of the station belongs -to the State. This property consists of -130 acres of land with buildings, including -dairy, ginnery, greenhouse, tobacco -barn, laboratory, etc.</p> - -<p>A bulletin of results is published once -a quarter and is sent free to any citizen -of Georgia engaged in any branch of -farming. The station is located at -Experiment, near Griffin. Its organization -is as follows: R. J. Redding, -director; H. C. White, Ph. D., vice-director -and chemist; H. N. Starnes, -horticulturist; James M. Kimbrough, -Agriculturist; H. J. Wing, dairyman.</p> - -<p class="tb">A number of Germans living near -Axtell, Texas, have recently engaged in -the apiary business with much success. -Mr. L. J. Miller who lives in that neighborhood -produced 1187 pounds of honey -last year, and 165 pounds of beeswax. -The honey brought twelve and a half -cents and the wax seventeen and a half -cents.</p> - -<p class="tb">A recent bulletin issued from the -Texas Experimental Station gives some -interesting comparisons of the four -leading crops in the State. The cotton -crop of Texas covers 4,520,310 acres, -and is worth $69,439,476; the corn crop -covers 3,166,353 acres and is worth -$28,429,125; the wheat crop covers -442,337 acres and is worth $5,244,303; -the sweet potato crop covers 29,928 -acres and is worth $1,503,764. According -to the above statistics the value of -each crop per acre is: Cotton, $15.36; -corn, $8.94; wheat, $11.88; sweet potatoes, -$50.24. The cost of growing an -acre of either is not materially different. -Here is a big difference in favor of sweet -potatoes.</p> - -<p class="tb">Mr. Jere Mabry, of Belton, Texas, -reports as the result of his work for 1893, -on a rented farm of eighty acres, cash -receipts aggregating $1,974.91. Besides -what he sold he raised, for the most part -his food supplies. His total cash expenses -were $506.85, leaving $964.06 as -the net cash profit of the year’s work.</p> - -<p class="tb">An intelligent farmer of Rowan -county, N. C., said the other day: “The -farmers in my county were never better -off. They have plenty of corn, wheat, -meat and other produce, and many of -them have a bale or so of cotton stored -away. There is no necessity for the -cry of hard times among the farmers of -Rowan. True, they have little money, -but they do not need it, they have all at -home that they can consume. Why, -many of the farmers are raising everything -they need on the farm. I know -of men who now have plenty of meat -who a few years ago did not raise a hog, -so you see they are growing wiser and -are prospering as all good farmers -should. True, a few of Rowan’s farms -are mortgaged and badly in debt, but -they are generally of that sort that -lounge around town in idleness the -greater portion of the time and let their<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span> -crops go, trusting to a mortgage for the -next year.”</p> - -<p class="tb">The “Southern Pines Orchard Co.” -purchased in 1890 1200 acres of wooded -land near Southern Pines, and 360 acres -of this has been cleared and planted as -follows: 51,000 peach trees, 5000 pears, -1000 plums, 16,000 blackberry. In that -section the peach crop never fails. Last -year the new trees bore a few peaches -and this year they are expected to bear -freely. The president of the company -is Mr. J. Van Lindley, of Greensboro, -N. C., who is also proprietor of the -Pomona Nurseries at Greensboro.</p> - -<p class="tb">During the last few weeks there has -been much activity among the farmers -in the vicinity of Oglethorpe, Ga., and -from all parts of the county as well. The -time has again rolled round when they -must plant their crops, and right energetically -are they going at this duty. -Not near so much fertilizer is being -used as in previous years, and the -farmers of Macon county, Ga., are -reported by the Macon News to be in -better condition than in a long time. -Nearly all have more than a sufficiency -of home-raised meat to supply them -during the year. Few complaints are -heard of hard times.</p> - -<p class="tb">Some advanced tobacco growers in -Texas have been experimenting with -the object of growing a fine quality of -Cuban cigar leaf, and the results, it is -said, have been entirely satisfactory. -The reports from Brazos, Paris, Calhoun, -Nueces, Liberty, Grimes, Walker, Montgomery -and other counties show that a -very fine quality of Cuban tobacco can -be grown in Southern and Southeastern -Texas.</p> - -<p class="tb">The rice acreage in Orange county, -Texas, will be materially increased this -year, and there will be almost a corresponding -increase in fruit farming, for -which that section is eminently adapted.</p> - -<p class="tb">Mr. G. W. Duncan, of Greenville, -Ala., has fattened thirty-nine hogs this -season on twenty acres of ground peas, -and says there are enough peas in the -ground now to fatten as many more -hogs and to keep them fat for a month -yet.</p> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span></p> - - -<h2>FRUIT-GROWING POSSIBILITIES OF THE SOUTH -ATLANTIC SEABOARD.</h2> - -<p class="author"><i>By Clark Bell.</i></p> - -<p>I am asked to contribute a paper to -the <span class="smcap">Southern States</span>, giving my -impressions of my first trip South. I -will reply as I have done to my friend -Mr. Clark Howell, of Atlanta, Ga., for -the columns of his paper, from the stand-point -of a business man and farmer, and -not in my relation to the party who -recently visited the seaboard States, -composed in the main of medical editors, -their wives and friends.</p> - -<p>Too much praise cannot be awarded -Dr. W. C. Wile, of Danbury, Conn., for -promoting and organizing the party of -Northern medical editors and their -friends, thus bringing to their attention -the unusual advantages of the Piedmont -section of the Southern seaboard States -to Northern emigration.</p> - -<p>These distinguished gentlemen will -shortly communicate their views through -their respective journals, but what I shall -say now will be quite free from all professional -considerations.</p> - -<p>Either North Carolina or Georgia -must be regarded as the paradise of the -fruit grower. I have had a large experience -in vine growing and wine making -in Western New York, having planted -one of the first vineyards on the shores -of Lake Keuka, and being one of the -promoters of the Urbana Wine Co., and -I am familiar in a practical way with that -most remunerative culture of the black -raspberry, in Yates county, New York, -which furnishes the evaporated dried -fruit so much now in demand, and may -fairly be classed as one qualified to -speak, in a practical way, as to the general -features of fruit growing. The -wine-growing industry, yet in its infancy -in North Carolina, has gone far enough -to demonstrate an assured success in a -lucrative way, to those who carry on its -productions on business methods. The -experiments made at Southern Pines, N. -C., have gone far enough to leave no -manner of doubt of splendid results in -the near future.</p> - -<p>The difficulty with which the Northern -grower has to contend are the high -price of land and labor and the early -frost. Labor in both Georgia and North -Carolina is abundant and cheap. Eight -dollars per month will cover the wages -of men with rations, which can be computed -at $2.50 per month. Frost is -quite out of the question. The cost of -land in desirable locations is as low as -$3 to $10 per acre, and if unimproved -land is taken a net of $10 would be -ample to put good land ready to plant -the vine. The plow can run in both the -States every month in the year.</p> - -<p>By way of Norfolk, the markets of -New York and Philadelphia are as -accessible to the fruit growers of these -States as to Western New York, in both -time and rate. North Carolina seems -to have been chary of the immigration -of foreigners. Of that great flood of -European blood that has for the past -twenty-five years poured into the ports -of New York, neither North Carolina -nor Georgia has received anything -worth naming. It has swept like an -enormous wave over the West, but not -on the South Atlantic seaboard. You -would secure those who are desirable -and by proper work could do so.</p> - -<p>The citizens of Northern States do -not correctly understand your section. -They should visit and carefully look -into the capacities of your States. -Nothing dispels illusions like contact -and personal examination. The North -is full of active, energetic, industrious -men inured to labor, who do not know<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span> -what advantages you offer or they -would flood into and buy up your -unoccupied lands and form a splendid -factor in the New South now forming. -Would the Northern settlers be hospitably -received? At the North this would be a -controlling question. General Manager -Winder, of the Seaboard Air Line, -assures me that in his State the Northern -settler would be most welcome. Ex-Governor -Jarvis, of North Carolina, in -a recent conversation, assured me that -the Southern welcome would be whole-souled, -full and free from the slightest -danger of interference. I have equally -high authority in Georgia of a similar -state of public sentiment. Northern -settlers would, strange as it may sound -to you, need to be assured in these -respects.</p> - -<p>The present depressed state of financial -affairs is not against such an immigration -now. Your splendid railways -should give especial facilities in reduced -freights to actual settlers. Austin Corbin, -one of our greatest railroad workers, -transports free over his railways every -pound of material an actual settler puts -on his land in improvements. I would -advocate free transportation of the -household goods of every actual Northern -settler by your great railway lines.</p> - -<p>I do not dare to state what I think -of the future of North Carolina and -Georgia within the next fifty years. -Yes, twenty-five years. No Georgian -or Carolinian would believe as much as -I see coming in the next generation. -With a climate that not only rivals, but -excels that of Italy, I say to Georgians -and North Carolinians if you will yourselves -open to Northern eyes the enormous -advantages of your grand States, -you will witness a spectacle within the -next thirty years as marvelous as that -we saw in Atlanta, where a magnificent -city has arisen, phœnix-like, from the -ashes made by Sherman’s army. And -the new States of Georgia and North -Carolina will come into a new and -grander life, which will be as much a -wonder to the next generation as Atlanta -is to this.</p> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span></p> - -<div class="border-bottom"> - -<p class="center larger">THE SOUTHERN STATES.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="title"> - -<p class="center">THE<br /> -<span class="smcap larger">Southern States</span>.</p> - -<p class="center smaller">AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY MAGAZINE<br /> -DEVOTED TO THE SOUTH.</p> - -<p class="center smaller">Published by the<br /> -<span class="larger">Manufacturers’ Record Publishing Co.</span><br /> -Manufacturers’ Record Building,<br /> -BALTIMORE, MD.</p> - -<p class="center smaller">SUBSCRIPTION: $1.50 a Year; $1 for Six Months</p> - -<p class="center">WILLIAM H. EDMONDS,</p> - -<p class="right">Editor and Manager.</p> - -<div class="border-double"> - -<p class="center">BALTIMORE, MARCH, 1894.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="bold smaller"> - -<p>The SOUTHERN STATES is an exponent of the -Immigration and Real Estate Interests and -general advancement of the South, and a journal -of accurate and comprehensive information -about Southern resources and progress.</p> - -<p>Its purpose is to set forth accurately and -conservatively from month to month the reasons -why the South is, for the farmer, the settler, the -home seeker, the investor, incomparably the -most attractive section of this country.</p> - -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h3>An Opportunity for Capital.</h3> - -<p>In the general discussion of the various -agencies to be depended on to bring about -an enlarged and accelerated Southern immigration -movement, there seems to have -been little thought given to private enterprises -as one of them.</p> - -<p>A great deal has been said about the -duty and self interest of railroads in the -matter, and much has been spoken and -written in advocacy of aggressive measures -on the part of the States. It is quite true -that the railroads should pursue the most -liberal policy in fostering and developing -immigration. Every farmer who settles in -the territory of any road becomes a permanent -producer of traffic for that road, and -whether the railroad company be the -owner of lands or not, the most profitable -expenditures it can make are such as will -help to populate and build up the country -tributary to its lines. It is also true that -every Southern State should have an immigration -department or bureau, conducted -not by small politicians, but by the -most capable men to be had, and not supported -by niggardly appropriations, but -amply supplied with sufficient money to -make possible the most progressive and -comprehensive methods.</p> - -<p>But, unfortunately, the ideal is not going -to be reached as to either the railroads or -the States. Both will in the aggregate -come very far short of what ought to be -done, and this will be more pronouncedly -and lamentably true of the State governments.</p> - -<p>Outside of these agencies, then, how is -the cause of immigration to be advanced? -The question and the conditions giving -rise to it suggest an opportunity for capital -and enterprise. In almost any part of the -South very large areas of land may be gotten -together at very low prices. With -money enough to buy and properly develop -farm lands, and with judicious management, -there is hardly any limit to the profitable -business that could be done by immigration -or colonization companies. For -example, a company that could buy say -10,000 to 20,000 or more acres of land in a -body, or make up this acreage by consolidating -a number of farms bought from -different owners, and then divide this up -into small farms of twenty, forty, eighty or -more acres, construct roads throughout the -entire area, drain the whole of it, put it -all in the best shape for the most advanced -farming or gardening operations, building -houses, &c., and then direct themselves -to the work of colonizing it or selling to -individual settlers, such a company, with -sufficient capital and properly managed, -could quickly settle up almost any area of -land and make enormous profits for its -stockholders. Besides the tracts sold as -small farms, there would necessarily be one -or more centrally located village sites which -would become immediately valuable as<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span> -town property. There is nothing easier -than getting Northern farmers to go South. -The conditions of farming and of -life at the South are so incomparably -superior to those at the North that they -need only to be pressed upon the attention -of Northern farmers to be availed of. In -its millions of acres of cheap lands the -South has the advantage of an entirely -new and undeveloped country, and has -with this all the advantages and comforts -and attractions of an established and advanced -civilization. The South is in the -main more healthful than any other part of -the United States, its range of farm and -garden products is greater, it offers better -opportunities for profitable agriculture, -and it is in all respects a section where -life can be lived in greater comfort than at -the North. Convinced of these facts, hundreds -of thousands of substantial and -well-to-do farmers in other parts of the -country would quickly move to the South. -In fact, there is even now, all over the -North and Northwest a disposition to go -South. As was stated in a letter published -in the January number of the <span class="smcap">Southern -States</span>, “there are thousands who would -move South if somebody would start the -ball rolling.” These are the conditions. -Properly utilized, they can be made to furnish -a wide and rich field for some of the -millions now lying idle and non-productive -in the financial centres.</p> - -<h3>The Virginia Legislature and Immigration.</h3> - -<p>The legislature of Virginia, in its very -proper and commendable desire to promote -immigration to the State, is discussing -the enactment of some extraordinary -legislation. A bill now before the senate -provides for the appointment of a commissioner -of immigration, who shall keep on -file in his office a description of any lands -submitted to him by any owner or real-estate -agent, and shall receive a commission -of not more than 5 per cent. upon the -sale of any such lands in lieu of salary. -Evidently, to the mind of the author of -this bill, the benefits of an increase in the -population of the State terminate with the -sale of lands, and are confined to owners -of such lands. The narrowness of a measure -that would impose upon any one class -of people the expense of an immigration -department is manifest. The innumerable -and widely ramifying benefits resulting -from judicious immigration effort are -shared by everybody, and the expense -should be borne by everybody.</p> - -<p>Aside from this inequity, there are many -objections to the plan of giving the proposed -commissioner an interest in the sale -of lands. As an officer of the State he -should be free from any possibility of bias -as to any part of the State or any specific -properties.</p> - -<p>Let a commissioner of immigration be -appointed by all means, and let an adequate -fund be set apart for the expenses of -his department, but let this come out of -the receipts from taxes, and thus be equitably -apportioned among all classes.</p> - -<h3>Florida’s Obligation to Mr. Disston.</h3> - -<p>To say that no other State owes as much -to any one man as Florida owes to Hamilton -Disston, of Philadelphia, is a comprehensive -statement, but it is probably true. -About fifteen years ago some Northern -capitalists were induced to consider the -idea of building railroads in Florida. It -was found on investigation that the State -could not grant any of its lands to railroad -companies, since all the lands of the State -were covered by a general mortgage -which had been made to secure the State -bonds. Without this inducement nobody -was willing to put a dollar into railroad -building in Florida, for the reason that the -early returns from traffic could not be -expected to be such as would justify it. -In this emergency Mr. Disston came to the -rescue of the State. He bought 4,000,000 -acres of Florida land, paying for it enough -to discharge the entire State debt, thereby -releasing the lands owned by the State, and -placing it in a position to make grants to -railroads. Immediately following this, -contracts were made with New York -capitalists, and Florida entered upon an -era of railroad building and general development.</p> - -<p>Of course it is beyond question that the -enormous resources and capabilities of -Florida would in time have brought railroads, -with the development that accompanies -them, but it is also true that but for -this timely intervention and help from Mr. -Disston, the beginning of this period of -growth and prosperity would have been -delayed, possibly many years.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span></p> - -<p>Following this timely succor, Mr. Disston -has now put the State under further obligation -to him for one of the most stupendous -and one of the most successful works -of general improvement ever undertaken -in this country. As was briefly told in the -February number of the <span class="smcap">Southern -States</span>, he has reclaimed for the State -many millions of acres of land that but for -his enterprise would have been permanently -a waste. True, he has himself -reaped large rewards, as it is proper that -he should have done, but this does not lessen -the benefits the State receives, and -moreover, the risk has been all his own, -since the only return the State was to -make to him for the millions of dollars -spent in his drainage works was a share of -the lands reclaimed from overflow.</p> - -<p>The value of the services that Mr. Disston -has rendered Florida are beyond estimate.</p> - -<h3>How to Do It.</h3> - -<p>The News, of Birmingham, Ala., very -correctly maintains that reduced railroad -rates will not accomplish much in the way -of inducing immigration, unless the measure -be accompanied by liberal advertising. -The News says:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p>Ten good settlers can be brought down -from the effects of good advertising, without -any half rates, where one can be -brought down from the mere effects of -half rates, and as a rule those who come -solely on account of low rates never -become settlers, but combined, the two do -good service, reaching the better class.</p></div> - -<p>The <span class="smcap">Southern States</span> is the channel -through which to reach the attention of -the North and Northwest. It is the only -Southern immigration journal; the only -publication that can be looked to for information -about the soil, climate, agricultural -capabilities, etc., of the whole South. -It is alone in this field. There has never -been a time when there was such eagerness -for facts about the South. From New -England, the Middle States, the West, and -notably from the Northwest, requests for -sample copies and letters of inquiry about -the South are pouring in upon us.</p> - -<p>Advertisements in the <span class="smcap">Southern -States</span> will be read every month by many -thousands of people all over the North -and Northwest, who are eagerly seeking -such information as will enable them to -determine what part of the South is most -likely to suit them.</p> - -<h3>No Such Danger.</h3> - -<p>The Boston Herald, in an editorial on -the work of the <span class="smcap">Southern States</span>, says: -“The reports are extremely favorable in regard -to richness and variety of crops, and -the chief danger seems to be that the speculators -in Southern lands, as well as many -of the railroads, hold their lands at such -prices as to dissuade the poorer but industrious -class of immigrants from taking -them up.” The danger apprehended by -the Herald does not at all exist. There -are many millions of acres of the best land -in the South that can be had for prices that -are merely nominal. The trouble is not -that there is any fault to be found with the -land, but there are not people enough in -the South to cultivate more than a small -part of the land, and the surplus is, therefore, -in a sense valueless, no matter how -rich and productive it may be. There are -a good many millions of acres of railroad -land, and in some of the States State land, -that can be had for such prices and upon -such terms as nobody can find fault with. -And as to the private holdings of individuals, -there is too much land in every -part of the South unused, and therefore -too many owners anxious to sell a part of -what they own, to make possible any speculative -putting up of prices.</p> - -<h3>How to Reach Prospective Immigrants.</h3> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p>That North Carolina needs immigrants -of the right kind is too universally admitted -to call for proof; and that all efforts -heretofore made in this direction have -been practically a failure seems also clear. It -seems equally clear that circulars, handbooks -and the State press fail of their purpose -in this respect, because they never -reach the class we desire to influence.—The -Gazette, Washington, N. C.</p></div> - -<p>The Gazette is right. Many thousands -of dollars are wasted in printing books -and pamphlets that nobody ever reads. -There is a way, however, to reach the -class it is desired to influence. It can be -done through the <span class="smcap">Southern States</span>. -The <span class="smcap">Southern States</span> is a journal of -information about the South. It is engaged -in the work of making known -the resources in soil, climate and agricultural -capabilities, of the Southern -States. And such is the desire for accurate -and comprehensive information about this -section that although the magazine has -been in existence only a year it goes into<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span> -every part of New England, the Middle -States, the West and the Northwest, and is -read by thousands of farmers and business -men who are seeking to inform themselves -as to the most attractive localities in the -South.</p> - -<p>The <span class="smcap">Southern States</span> furnishes a -channel through which to reach effectively -the class of possible immigrants needed -in the South.</p> - -<h3>Work of Southern Railroads in Promoting -Immigration.</h3> - -<p>In the general and very proper demand -for railroad aid to the cause of Southern -immigration, it should not be forgotten -that many of the Southern roads have -been for years giving conspicuous and -liberal attention to this work. Through -the efforts of such roads, for example, as -the Mobile & Ohio, the Illinois Central, -the Baltimore & Ohio, the St. Louis, Iron -Mountain & Southern, the Missouri, -Kansas & Texas, the St. Louis Southwestern -and others, hundreds of thousands -of substantial farmers, artisans and business -men have been induced to move to -the South, and all of those roads are constantly -enlarging their immigration work. -A notable instance of broad and progressive -management in furtherance of immigration -is furnished by the Georgia Southern -& Florida road, whose methods were -made the subject of an article published -in the January number of the <span class="smcap">Southern -States</span>.</p> - -<p>Other Southern roads are becoming -roused on this subject. The Seaboard Air -Line system, which has a management as -progressive and liberal as any road in the -country, is preparing to inaugurate a comprehensive -immigration policy, and the -Richmond & Danville road is also adopting -measures to induce Northern farmers -to settle along its lines. The Louisville & -Nashville and the Central Railroad of -Georgia systems are also taking advanced -steps in the same direction.</p> - -<p class="tb">The introduction of artesian water in -some of the Southern towns, notably -Albany and Brunswick, Ga., has revolutionized -the health of those places; the -two localities named, which were formerly -noted for the prevalence of malarial and -other disorders, being now equally noted -as health resorts. The last Georgia town -to enter the artesian well procession is -Quitman, Ga. The April number of the -<span class="smcap">Southern States</span> will contain an exhaustive -article by Mr. James R. Randall, on -drinking water. Mr. Randall has for many -years been making investigations on this -subject, and his article will be a revelation, -not only to the general public, but to most -physicians and hygienists as well.</p> - -<p class="tb">The Augusta Chronicle, quoting the -sage remark of a man who had amassed -much wealth, who when asked how he had -made his money, said that he always -bought when everybody wanted to sell, -and sold when everybody wanted to buy, -urges that the present is the time for people -with money to make investments. -Prices of every sort have reached a minimum, -and in view of the assured early -reaction and the inevitable rebound to very -high prices that will follow the long term -of depression, this would seem to be as -the Chronicle suggests, the time to buy -things.</p> - -<p class="tb">No sooner is Atlanta well under way -with its great International Exposition -project for 1895 than Macon comes to the -front with an exposition enterprise of its -own. A movement has been started to -hold an exposition in the fall of 1894. -These Georgia towns are great hustlers.</p> - -<p class="tb">In Mr. Clark Bell’s article, published -elsewhere, there is this statement:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p>“Austin Corbin, one of our greatest -railroad workers, transports free over his -railways every pound of material an actual -settler puts on his land in improvements. -I would advocate free transportation of the -household goods of every actual Northern -settler by your great railway lines.”</p></div> - -<p>This is commended to the attention of -Southern railroad managers.</p> - -<p class="tb">The Legislature of Virginia seems to -have some spite against real estate -agents. Not satisfied with the present -burdensome and wholly unjust tax imposed -upon real estate dealers in the State, it is -proposed now to make the real estate -agents bear the expense of a State immigration -commission.</p> - -<p class="tb">Mr. John T. Patrick, of Southern Pines, -N. C., secretary of the Southern Bureau of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span> -Information, deserves much commendation -for his enterprise and public spirit in -having arranged for an excursion through -the South of the editors of a number of -leading Northern medical journals. This -undertaking of Mr. Patrick’s is in furtherance -of an effort to correct the impression -that still exists in the minds of a great -many Northern people that the South is -an unhealthful section.</p> - -<p class="tb">At the last meeting of the Commercial -& Industrial association, of Montgomery, -Ala., the president said in his monthly -report: “The association should advertise -the city and hold forth its advantages -in every way possible which will attract -capital and cause enterprising citizens to -locate here. A new era of growth and -enterprise will come apace and Montgomery -should be prepared to reap the -rewards that flow from it.” This admonishment -may be heeded with profit by -every community in the South.</p> - -<p class="tb">Mr. Clark Bell, the writer of the -article on the fruit growing possibilities of -the South Atlantic seaboard, is a New York -lawyer, and editor of the Medico-Legal -journal of New York. He has had a quite -extensive practical experience in fruit -growing, and his judgment as to the capabilities -of the South for this branch of agriculture -is that of a competent expert. -Mr. Bell was one of the party of editors of -medical journals who recently made a tour -of the South Atlantic States under the -auspices of the Southern Bureau of Information, -located at Southern Pines, N. C.</p> - -<p class="tb">It seems incomprehensible to a Southern -man that there should be any doubt in -the minds of Northern people as to whether -Northern settlers will be well received in -the South or not. Mr. Clark Bell, in an -article in this number, says: “Northern -settlers would, strange as it may sound to -you, need to be assured in these respects,” -and he thinks it necessary to quote the -assurances on this point that he had from -distinguished Southern gentlemen. Not -only will Northern farmers and business -men be well received in the South, but -they will find awaiting them a most eager -welcome. The newspaper utterances all -over the South, the statements of public -men, the personal letters to the newspapers -from farmers and merchants, the -actions of commercial bodies, indicate not -only a welcome to the Northern settler, but -a keen appreciation of the value to the -South of immigration from the North, and -a most eager desire for this immigration. -No Northern man, who is respectable -enough to have standing in his own community -at home, need have any fear but -that he will find in the South the utmost -consideration and good will.</p> - -<p class="tb">The superior train service on the Chesapeake -& Ohio is well known to all patrons -of that system. During the month of January -train No. 1 made the run between -Washington, D. C., and Cincinnati, twenty-nine -days, exactly on time, and on the -other two days lost but twenty minutes. -Train No. 2 made every trip between the -cities on time, and the “Fast Flying Virginian,” -one of the finest express trains in -the country, reached Cincinnati thirty out -of thirty-one trips on time, although it was -an hour late out of Washington on seven -trips, caused by waiting for connections. -This is a month’s record that the operating -department can be proud of.</p> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span></p> - -<h2>Immigration News.</h2> - -<h3>The Yazoo Delta.</h3> - -<p>The assistant land commissioner of the Illinois -Central Railroad, Major G. W. McGinnis, -in a recent interview on the subject of -immigration to the Yazoo Delta, spoke as -follows:</p> - -<p>“I believe that the time has now come for -the introduction of white labor. Our road, -besides having agents all over the Northwest, -have men in Germany and also in Holland, -gathering families together to settle up our -land. There are many residents of Dakota -and other Northwestern States who want a -milder and a better climate, with a soil more -fertile than that of the Northwest. All these -advantages are possessed by the Delta.</p> - -<p>“The greatest interest is manifested in the -movement. Scarcely a day passes but what -we receive from fifty to seventy-five letters of -inquiry.</p> - -<p>“The colonists who have already taken advantage -of our offers and settled along the -Delta, are making money hand over fist. They -are raising cotton, corn, vegetables, stock and -fruit. The largest peaches I ever saw in my -life came from the Delta.</p> - -<p>“When our work is done we will see every -man his own landlord, and by the way, these -foreigners are apt to steer clear of that condition, -so prevalent in the South, of being land -poor. They want no more land than they can -cultivate with the aid of their families, say -forty acres. In fact, some of them buy no more -than twenty. They make up the greatest population -for agricultural districts possible to -imagine. They have made the Northwest -what it is.</p> - -<p>“When the movement is once fairly started -there will be no stopping the rush of immigration. -Northern people all move in bodies. -When one comes all come.”</p> - -<h3>Alabama Farmers Invite Settlers -From the North.</h3> - -<p>The following resolutions were adopted at a -meeting of the State Agricultural Society of -Alabama, held at Birmingham, February 23:</p> - -<p><i>Resolved</i>, By the State Agricultural Society -of Alabama, that we invite to Alabama all -honest and industrious farmers that should be -desirous of changing their home, and extend -to them a cordial welcome, assuring them that -the right hand of fellowship will be extended -to them, and that feeling that is always -accorded one good citizen from another will -be extended to them by the farmers of the -State.</p> - -<p><i>Resolved</i> (2), That we will cordially indorse -and sustain our honorable commissioner of -agriculture and his excellency, the governor of -Alabama, in a vigorous and continuous effort -for immigration made through the Department -of Agriculture under existing law. At the -same meeting, Mr. Chappell Cory, editor of -the Birmingham Age-Herald, read by invitation -a paper in advocacy of efforts to induce -immigration from the North.</p> - -<h3>The Railroads and Immigration.</h3> - -<p>The organization of land companies for the -purpose of inducing immigration to West Tennessee -is most commendable, especially when -these companies are conducted upon the plan -of that one which proposes to open up the territory -along the line of the Paducah, Tennessee -& Alabama railroad. The capital of the -company is very small, and there is little profit -in the enterprise for those who have formed -the company. They intend merely to direct -the attention of immigrants to the advantages -which this heaven-blest region holds for the -thrifty and hard-working farmer. The road is -a new one, but it runs through a most fertile -region, especially adapted to small farming. -The Illinois Central railroad has done much -to attract settlers to Mississippi, and every -railroad in this section should be equally alert. -It was the railroad agent who made States out -of Territories in the Northwest, and it is a -most assuring sign that he is now taking hold -of the Southern country. The railroad company -is the best of all immigration or colonization -societies. It can accomplish more at -less expense than any other. The example set,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span> -therefore, by the officials of the Paducah, Tennessee -& Alabama, is commendable in the -highest degree. The prosperity of a railroad -depends upon the population of the country -through which it runs, and the more rapidly the -country is built up the sooner will the stockholders -realize upon their investment. The -public has a profound interest in such enterprises. -The Appeal-Avalanche has no support -to give to purely speculative and boom -schemes, but it is in favor of all enterprises -the object of which is to put forward the advantages -of soil, climate and distributing -facilities which Tennessee and other Southern -States enjoy to such an exceptional degree.—Memphis -Appeal-Avalanche.</p> - -<h3>The Louisville & Nashville is Pushing -Immigration Work.</h3> - -<p>Col. C. P. Atmore, the general passenger -agent of the Louisville & Nashville railroad, is -pushing the matter of immigration to the South -with great vigor. When approached on the -subject recently he said that the Louisville & -Nashville road had several agents in the -Northwest and in Europe, who were sending -families down rapidly. It is the intention of -the road to put between 200 and 300 families -on its line between Paris and Memphis.</p> - -<p>The Louisville & Nashville is now running -home-seekers’ excursions from points at a rate -of one fare for the round trip, with a view to -encouraging the movement. It owns many thousand -acres of land between New Orleans and -Flomaton, Ala., and also between Pensacola -and River Junction.</p> - -<p>On the Nashville, Sheffield and Florence -branch of the line in question there is a Norwegian -colony of about 200 families. This -colony has done remarkably well, and the road -is much pleased with its venture.</p> - -<h3>The Texas Coast Section Filling Up.</h3> - -<p>At Velasco, Texas, recently several carloads -of fine draft stock belonging to newly arrived -farmers from Nebraska were received, and the -next day several carloads of household goods -for another colony from Kansas, who had -bought farms in Brazoria county, were unloading. -M. M. Miller, of the Velasco National -Bank, and others have received letters from -parties who are coming with families and -stock from both of these States and from New -Mexico, Iowa, Missouri and Illinois.</p> - -<p>At the present rate Brazoria county’s population, -it is said, will be doubled by the end -of the present year; at least 90 per cent. of -increase began coming in less than two -years ago.</p> - -<h3>Colonization Plans for Florida.</h3> - -<p>Mr. O. J. Johnson, excursion, land and -colonization agent, of Minneapolis, has been -prospecting in Florida for a site for settling -immigrants from the North and Northwest.</p> - -<p>Mr. Johnson will take a good many hundred -people South, he says, if he has the right -encouragement. He was the immigration -agent of the Northern Pacific railroad for nine -years.</p> - -<p>Four business men of Minneapolis are -interested with Mr. Johnson. They are -Mr. N. C. Westerfield, Dr. William E. Wheelock, -Messrs. P. S. McKay and C. E. Channel. -Their idea is to purchase a tract of land of -from 10,000 acres upward, divide it into -smaller farms and lots and then sell these lots -to such settlers as they want.</p> - -<p>“I’ve had a deal of experience in this line,” -said Mr. Johnson, “and know what is to be -done. I am well satisfied with Florida’s climate -and attractions, and know that we can -settle many hundreds of good people. We -have a large number of inquiries already, and -I am satisfied we can place all the people we -want to handle. The farmers of Dakota and -other points in the Northwest are dissatisfied, -and hundreds and hundreds of them will come -the moment they are assured that this State -promises them a fair living with the work they -have to devote now to a mere existence.”</p> - -<h3>A Fruit-Growing Association to Locate -in Texas.</h3> - -<p>Officers of the Rock Island Fruit Growers’ -and Improvement Association are in Texas inspecting -lands. It is the purpose of the association -to acquire a large tract of land in the Gulf -coast region of Texas, in the centre of which to -lay out a town site, giving to each member of the -association a town lot. A maximum and minimum -ownership of land is restricted by the by-laws -of the association. Reservations are -made for school, church, town hall, park and -cemetery purposes. No lands can be held in -unimproved state for speculation; a certain -portion of each owner’s land must be improved -during the first year by planting fruit, vegetables -or other horticultural products, and at -least two acres additional each succeeding -year until each owner’s lands are under cultivation. -When the products are ready to ship -the shipments will be made in car lots to the -most advantageous markets of the country.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span></p> - -<p>The association expects to number 100 families, -composed of persons who will go into the -Texas coast region and make their homes, -their previous occupations having been fruit -growers, gardeners, mechanics from the government -works on the island of Rock Island, -clerks, artisans, etc. While their fruit trees -are developing the members of the association -will raise garden truck for shipment. The -officers of the association propose visiting the -most advantageous sections of the Gulf coast, -from Houston to Corpus Christi, and will devote -about four weeks time to that purpose. -The originator of the enterprise is Mr. I. E. -Whistler, whose attention was directed to -Texas as a fruit growing country by seeing -and testing some fine specimens of peaches -shipped from Tyler, Texas, last June to New -York City, which rivaled the best California -peaches in size, and far surpassed them in -flavor. The officers of the association making -this tour are I. E. Whistler, president; J. O. -Logan, vice-president, and W. E. Hilton, -trustee.</p> - -<h3>The Great Work of the Mobile & Ohio.</h3> - -<p>Although the Mobile & Ohio Railroad -only traverses a few miles of Alabama, yet it -has done probably more in the way of inducing -immigration to the State since 1890 than -any other line, through extensive advertising, -combined with excellent folders and maps, -which have been extensively distributed -through Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, -Wisconsin, Missouri, Iowa, Kansas, etc. They -also pursue the same liberal policy with local -land agents and all engaged in promoting immigration -along their road, distributing their -advertising matter, and granting to them -courtesies which are necessary to insure local -parties to endeavor to give them the benefit of -their work in securing immigrants. Alabama -wants 10,000 families from the North to settle -within her borders in the next twelve months, -and only by hard combined work of the people -and railways can it be accomplished, and -now is the time to organize and keep the ball -rolling. Let us get a move on us in this matter, -and we can accomplish our object.—The -News, Birmingham, Ala.</p> - -<h3>Farmers to Organise an Immigration -Society.</h3> - -<p>The farmers around Augusta, Ga., are becoming -interested in a proposed plan to organize -an immigration society, and many have -expressed a desire to take an active part in -perfecting a permanent organization of that -kind.</p> - -<p>A prominent merchant farmer from Wilkes -county stated recently that the people of his -section of the country were very much enthused -over the organization of an immigration -society in Augusta.</p> - -<p>“You would be greatly surprised,” he said, -“to know how many of our merchants and -planters have taken up the idea, and how -anxious they are to see such an organization -established at Augusta. Our people are willing -to help in every way possible, for they -realize that they are to reap the benefits, and -consequently are desirous of sharing the -labors.</p> - -<p>“You see, the farmers are generally land -poor throughout the entire country, and what -they want to do is to get some one who will -work, and take some of it off their hands.”</p> - -<h3>Immigration Bill Before the Virginia -Legislature.</h3> - -<p>The legislature of Virginia is trying to -devise some method to promote immigration -to the State. A bill has been introduced in -the Senate, creating the office of Commissioner -of Immigration of Virginia, and providing for -the election of such an officer, who shall properly -advertise the advantages of the State and -shall, at the request of any real estate agent or -owner of land, keep on file a list of lands for -sale and shall refer all contemplating purchasers -impartially to the various sections of the -State, according to their requirements.</p> - -<p>It is provided that the commissioner shall -receive a commission of not more than 5 -per cent. upon the sale of any lands sold -through his department. Any owner of -land situate in Virginia shall have the right -to list for sale the same with the Commissioner -of Immigration, who shall advertise, without -cost to the owner, the fact that such lands are -offered for sale.</p> - -<p>The bill concludes by providing that the expenses -attached to such an office shall be paid -out of the fund arising from the tax on manufacturers -of fertilizers.</p> - -<p class="tb">Colonel E. S. Jemison, president; M. G. -Howe, general manager; Major Tom Cronin, -superintendent, and General John M. Claiborne, -immigration agent of the Houston East -and West Texas railway, are trying to interest -the people along their line in some plan -whereby immigration can be brought to that -section of the State.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[39]</a></span></p> - -<p class="tb">Mr. J. T. Merry, of Harlem county, Nebraska, -writes from Velasco, Texas, to his -home paper as follows:</p> - -<p>“Here we are in Velasco, Texas, the land of -sunshine and flowers. Surely this is destined -to be a large city; within three miles of the -mouth of the Brazos river, and a large, deep -harbor, where ships come and go at pleasure, -and load right here in this city heavier than at -any point on the Gulf coast. Of course the -country is new, but vegetables and fruit trees -of all kinds are growing nicely. Good fruit -and vegetable land can be bought from $4 to -$12 per acre. The country all around, except -on the Gulf side, is a gentle undulated plain, -which is being settled with people from the -Northern part of the State and from the Dakotas -and Nebraska in the main, and Iowa, -though some are from Missouri and other -points.”</p> - -<p class="tb">A Swedish gentleman who has had considerable -experience in establishing colonies of -his countrymen in the United States, has been -conferring with Mr. John M. Lee, of Shreveport, -La., representing the land department of the -Vicksburg, Shreveport & Pacific Railroad Co., -and looking over the ground, and says he can -locate several hundred families if the conditions -are favorable.</p> - -<p class="tb">Mr. W. E. Pabor, founder of the Pabor -Lake colony, near Fort Meade, Fla., has recently -been visiting his old home, Denver, -Col., and has induced a number of families to -move to Florida.</p> - -<p class="tb">There is more land open to settlement in -Arkansas than there was in the Cherokee Strip. -The Little Rock Democrat wisely says: -“Counting all kinds of our public lands in Arkansas, -government, State and railroad, we -have nearly 7,000,000 acres. If we could -divide these lands into homestead tracts, advertise -them extensively and donate them at -stated periods to actual settlers, what an -impetus would be given to the State. What -the State needs is not money for her lands, but -active and enterprising home builders, who -would become wealth producers and tax builders. -A liberal land policy on the part of the -State and the railroads would soon result -in a vast increase in our wealth and population.”</p> - -<p class="tb">One of the largest excursion parties of land-seekers -that ever went South over the Mobile -& Ohio railroad arrived at Mobile lately in -charge of Mr. F. W. Greene, general agent of -the Mobile & Ohio railroad, at St. Louis. The -party consisted of all classes of home-seekers -and investors, who have become interested in -that section of country through the efforts of -the passenger department of the Mobile & Ohio -railroad. Over 200 people made up the excursion, -some stopping off at places in Mississippi -and Alabama. They went from Michigan, -Illinois, Iowa, South Dakota, Indiana and -Ohio.</p> - -<p class="tb">Further developments regarding the steamship -line to be established between Galveston -and Denmark indicate that it will be of great -importance to the Southwest. It is intended -to use the vessels in transporting immigrants -from Norway, Sweden and Northern Europe -direct to Texas and the West by way of Galveston. -Heretofore these passengers have -been sent to New York, and from that point -reached their future home by rail. The Fort -Worth Chamber of Commerce has become interested -in the project and heartily approves it. -Vice-Consul Thygge Sogart, of Denmark, now -located in Kansas City, is a promoter of the -line.</p> - -<p class="tb">Mr. Hamilton Disston says that Mr. -Schulzen, a prominent Scandinavian, will -establish a Scandinavian colony near Kissimmee. -Mr. Disston met Mr. Schulzen at the -Columbian Exposition, and impressed him -with the fertility of the soil of Southern Florida, -and advised him to try it. This he did, and became -so satisfied with the prolific growth of sugar -and peaches that arrangements have been made -to settle Scandinavians on the South Florida -railway, between Runnymede and Kissimmee, -at once. Mr. Schulzen’s father and brother -are now North disposing of their farms preparatory -to settling in Florida.</p> - -<p class="tb">The last monthly report of the president of -the Commercial Industrial Association, of -Montgomery, Ala., contained this paragraph:</p> - -<p>“There is now a general interest in the subject -of immigration to the South. The marked -falling off in railroad earnings, with prospects -for continued small returns, has aroused the -great lines in the South to the necessity of -making well directed efforts to induce Northern -and Western people to visit the South and -invest along the various roads. Some of the -leading lines have called conventions of their -agents to discuss ways and means to promote -an increase of traffic and business. This association, -with the other commercial bodies of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span> -the State, will assist in every laudable effort to -induce desirable people to build up the waste -places of the State, increase the population -and promote the general prosperity.”</p> - -<p class="tb">The North Alabama Immigration Company -is an organization formed at Florence, Ala., -for the purpose of bringing immigrants to -Lauderdale county and surrounding sections. -The officers are J. Overton Ewin, president; -R. G. Banks, general manager; R. T. Simpson, -Jr., attorney, and John Rather Jones, -secretary and treasurer. The company expects -to take several excursion parties to that -section of Alabama from the Northwest. Dr. -N. A. Nelson is the Northwestern agent at -Dawson, Minn.</p> - -<p class="tb">The section of the valley of Virginia -around Lexington has attracted some attention -from prospective purchasers from the -North, West and Northwest, who are going -to locate at some point in the Shenandoah -Valley. Additional inquiries are being made -for homes and farms, and the prospects are -that as soon as the weather opens a number of -these parties will pay that section a visit to -look over the country.</p> - -<p class="tb">The immigration movement to Southwest -Texas is progressing at a lively rate. The -new settlers are mostly from Kansas and Nebraska.</p> - -<p class="tb">C. R. Camp, a home-seekers’ traveling agent, -expects to take an excursion of Northwestern -farmers to points in the South some time in -March. His plan is to inaugurate a series of -monthly excursions, beginning about March 1 -and continuing twelve months. He says the class -of people he will bring South are among the -best citizens of the North and Northwest, -farmers who are hard working and practical, -who want good farming land, and are making -the change on account of the climate.</p> - -<p class="tb">A large number of farmers from Nebraska, -Iowa, Illinois and Kansas, have settled in the -neighborhood of Port Lavaca, Texas. It is -here that the Phillips Land Co., of Kansas -City, Mo., has bought some 6000 acres of land, -and divided it up into small farms for German -colonists.</p> - -<p class="tb">On February 16th a party of sixty persons -from Iowa and Nebraska reached Fort Worth, -Texas, on the way to the Gulf Coast to investigate -the fruit-growing capabilities of that -region. Most of the party are descendants of -the people who built up Nebraska, and made -that State take a front rank among the wealth-producing -States of the Union. While most -of them are doing well at home, they are -anxious to live in a more congenial climate, -and have had their eyes on Texas for a long -time.</p> - -<p class="tb">In consequence of numerous inquiries from -the Northwestern States, Mr. M. V. Richards, -of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co., has -arranged a number of special rate land excursions, -as they are called, from Chicago and -points west of the Ohio river to Baltimore & -Ohio points in the Shenandoah Valley, in -order to induce settlers to come to this region. -Mr. Richards intends to make the most of -the reduction in rates allowed by the Southern -Passenger Association on certain dates in -February, March and April for the purpose of -aiding Southern immigration.</p> - -<p class="tb">A large number of land seekers recently -visited Crowley, La., and most of them bought -property. Indiana and Nebraska were among -the States represented. The visitors report -great dissatisfaction among the farmers of their -States, and say that Louisiana will receive -many immigrants this year.</p> - -<p class="tb">Messrs. Sappington & Howell, Little -Rock, Ark., are working on a plan to combine -the State and railway lands in Arkansas, aggregating -7,000,000 acres, and offer them for -sale at nominal prices on an opening day, to -be fixed.</p> - -<p class="tb">A dispatch from Rockford, Ill., says that -quite a company of Rockford’s Swedish population -are planning to move down to Mississippi -this spring.</p> - -<p class="tb">The Chamber of Commerce of Huntsville, -Ala., is in receipt of many letters from the -West asking about farm lands in the neighborhood. -Huntsville is one of the most delightful -towns in the South. It is surrounded by a -splendid farming country.</p> - -<p class="tb">Norwegian prospectors are going into -Lawrence county, Tenn., every day and the -majority of them buy homes. There are over -100 families here. They are good farmers and -make good citizens.</p> - -<p class="tb">A movement is on foot to locate upon the -rich prairie and timbered lands adjacent to and -just west of Charlotte Harbor, Fla., a colony of -Bohemian agriculturists.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span></p> - -<p class="tb">It is reported that a tract of land aggregating -about 12,500 acres, at Wilson Station, Ala., -on the Louisville & Nashville railroad, has -been bought for a German colony. The first -settlement will be named “Milton Grove,” in -honor of Mr. Milton H. Smith, president of -the Louisville & Nashville railroad.</p> - -<p class="tb">A recent settler at North LeRoy, Fla., is so -much delighted with the country that he has -persuaded seventeen families of his former -neighbors in Missouri to move to Florida.</p> - -<p class="tb">The business men of Baton Rouge, La., are -organizing a development club, to further the -interest in securing immigration, etc.</p> - -<p class="tb">A party of twenty Illinois capitalists, -including Mr. A. L. Klank, a nurseryman of -Champaign, Ill., has been looking over Arkansas -with a view to making large investments in -fruit farms.</p> - -<p class="tb">The Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railway -recently took 200 home-seekers to Texas from -Kansas and Nebraska, and 400 more were to -follow.</p> - -<p class="tb">It is said that a transaction is now under -way by which 3000 families, representing a -population of 15,000, are to be located in the -Yazoo Delta.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 285px;"> -<img src="images/footer2.jpg" width="285" height="100" alt="Decorative footer" /> -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span></p> - -<h2><span class="smcap">Real Estate News.</span></h2> - -<h3>Baltimore’s Suburban Development.</h3> - -<p>The annual report of the Roland Park Co., -of Baltimore, makes a showing that, considering -the extreme business depression of the last -year and a half, is quite remarkable. The -Roland Park Co. is engaged in developing a -fine suburban residence park north of Baltimore, -three or four miles from the centre of -the city. The first building operations were -begun in October, 1892. The first house was -completed early in the spring of 1893. On the -30th of December, 1893, the date to which the -annual report is brought down, the residences -built and under construction represented a -total cost of more than $300,000. In the space -of a year a locality that was in effect nothing -more than farm property has been transformed -during a period of unprecedented financial and -business stagnation into a beautiful and -rapidly growing residence suburb, with all the -comforts and conveniences and appurtenances -of life in the thickly built up part of the city. -Between thirty and forty families have moved -out to the park for permanent residence, and -are living in houses that cost from $4000 to -$15,000 each. At the initiation of this enterprise -there was not a man in Baltimore who -would have looked for such development as -this, even with favorable business conditions.</p> - -<p>Baltimore is an anomaly in this matter of -suburban residence. Up to two or three years -ago the city had no rapid transit, and consequently -no suburban development. Its half -million people lived in compactly built rows of -brick houses, having neither front nor side -yards. The enterprise of the Roland Park Co. -was the first suburban development undertaking -of a high class and on a large scale. -Messrs. Jarvis and Conklin, of Kansas City -and New York, who have invested in this -country something over $30,000,000 of English -money, bought 500 or 600 acres of land immediately -north of Baltimore, and proceeded to -develop it as a first-class residence suburb. An -avenue 120 feet wide was constructed through -the property, and a double track electric road -was built through the property to a resort at -Lake Roland, and coming down to the centre -of the city at the City Hall and postoffice. A -system of water works, a complete scientific -sewerage system, paved roadways, asphalt -sidewalks, along which shade trees were set -out, and electric lights and other conveniences -and accessories to comfort were provided. -Under the management of Mr. Edward H. -Bouton, the vice-president and general manager -of the company, the progress that has been -made in the actual building up of the locality -has been much beyond what was expected, and -there are many reasons for the assurance that -this will seem small in comparison with the -progress that will be made during the coming -spring and summer.</p> - -<p>The present high rate of taxation in the city -proper, and the recent large expenditures for -public improvements that will necessitate an -early increase in the tax rate are tending to -send people into the suburbs. This and many -other potent causes point to a rapid building -up of Baltimore’s suburban territory.</p> - -<h3>Substantial Improvement at Atlanta.</h3> - -<p>Real estate is getting active at Atlanta. -One firm alone, since January 1st, has sold -$128,000 worth of property in the city and -vicinity. Samuel Goode, a realty expert, -gives the following opinion of the outlook in -Atlanta:</p> - -<p>“The practical certainty that the United -States prison will be located in Atlanta, the -direct probability that the Grand Army of the -Republic will hold its next convention here, -and the settled fact that the greatest exposition -ever seen in the South will be opened -here in 1895—these things combined have -given our people hope and confidence in the -continued rapid growth of Atlanta, and the -timid have begun to find courage enough to -turn their money loose for loans and direct -investments in real estate. Indeed, the change -for the better has been very perceptible to -dealers in the last sixty days. It is not any -particular advance in prices which is so -marked, because, in this respect there has -never been any falling off, but it is the fact<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span> -that people are beginning to buy at the normal -prices. The best prices realized for property -at all have been obtained within the past six -months.</p> - -<p>“Another evidence of returning confidence -and activity is found in the desire and willingness -of owners to sell their property at auction. -We already have a variety of property to be -thus sold early this spring. There has been a -spirit of fairness and liberality manifested by our -citizens, one towards another, in the past year, -which is truly commendable; and the result is -that creditors basing their security upon real -estate have not forced property for sale and -broken prices and distressed if not ruined their -debtors; but they have exercised a wise forbearance, -and will soon be rewarded by full -payment of all that is due them, and values -have been sustained in Atlanta as in no other -city within my knowledge. All signs point to -an active spring market, and to the investing -here of much outside capital.”</p> - -<h3>Suburban Development at New Orleans.</h3> - -<p>A syndicate of St. Louis people is constructing -a suburban residence park at New -Orleans. A body of land recently bought for -that purpose measures about 700 feet frontage -on St. Charles street by 8000 feet deep. The -plans call for an ornamental entrance in the -middle of the front, and a graveled driveway -through the middle of the plat. As projected -the entrance will be defended by handsome -gates, the carriage opening being about 100 -feet wide, and two gates for foot passengers -on either side. Electric lights, prettily arranged, -will stud the edge of the arch leading -to the apex, where an ornamental structure of -iron work will support additional bulbs. -About 1500 feet of roadway have been built, -leading from the gateway back into the -grounds, while equal distances of Schillinger -pavement have been laid on either side. A -plat has been reserved in the middle for shade -trees and shrubbery.</p> - -<p class="tb">The Capital City Real Estate and Investment -Company, with a capital stock of $30,000, -has been organized at Austin, Texas. H. -P. N. Gammel is president.</p> - -<p class="tb">Daytona, Fla., is rejoicing in much real -estate activity.</p> - -<p class="tb">Two of the most noted stock farms in Kentucky, -both near Lexington, have recently been -sold. Mr. Jno. T. Hughes, the well-known horseman, -has purchased the Prince George place -for a reported sum of $60,000. J. R. Keene, -the Eastern horseman, has bought the Castleton -farm, the property of Colonel Ford, of -Virginia. The price is given as $70,000.</p> - -<p class="tb">The Southern Farm Agency, of Lynchburg, -Va., has recently sold some farms to -Northern people, and advertises in this issue of -the <span class="smcap">Southern States</span> a number of very fine -properties that can be had at very low prices. -The Southern Farm Agency, by the way, is -one of the most enterprising and progressive -real estate concerns in the South.</p> - -<p class="tb">The president of the Commercial and Industrial -Association of Montgomery, Ala., in -his last monthly report, says: “The real-estate -market of Montgomery shows some evidences -of improvement. From returns compiled -of this city for the month of January it -is shown that the increase of sales is more than -20 per cent. over the corresponding month of -last year. The values of desirable business -and residence property and also of well situated -and improved agricultural lands have remained -steady and are firmly held. It is also -believed the spring and summer will show still -greater activity, with perhaps an increase in -values. There are comparatively few vacant -houses for a city of Montgomery’s size, but -the prospects and building operations will -show some falling off the coming year.”</p> - -<p class="tb">A tract of 1575 acres near Velasco, Texas, -has been sold to J. B. Wagoner and J. T. -Gould, of Eureka, Ill., for $19,687.</p> - -<p class="tb">The late S. S. Houghton, a millionaire, and -head of the noted Boston dry-goods house of -Houghton & Dutton, built a few years ago a -magnificent winter residence at Homosassa on -the gulf coast of Florida. Mr. Houghton died -last spring, and his widow has sold the Homosassa -estate to Mr. J. A. Rowell, vice-president -of the Merchants’ National Bank, Ocala. -The building and grounds are said to have -cost $100,000.</p> - -<p class="tb">The building occupied for nearly thirty -years by the People’s Bank in Louisville, Ky., -has been sold to the Bank of Commerce, and -will in a few weeks be occupied by the last-named -institution. The price paid was $27,000.</p> - -<p class="tb">A delegation of Northern lumbermen, -under the charge of E. C. Randall, a real -estate operator of Chicago, recently spent -some time inspecting timber lands in South -Arkansas.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span></p> - -<p class="tb">The Little Rock (Ark.) Gazette publishes -lists of recent land transfers in that city and in -the county, from which it appears that the -real-estate business of that locality is not -suffering much from the hard times.</p> - -<p class="tb">The governor of Arkansas and the State -Commissioner of mines, manufactures and -agriculture have invited the real-estate dealers -of the State to file with them descriptions of -properties for sale in order that they may have -definite information to furnish people who are -seeking homes in Arkansas and write to -them for information about prices and location -of lands.</p> - -<p class="tb">It is said at Fort Worth, Texas, that there -has not been for years such demand and inquiry -for property as there is now. The influx -of immigration has been unprecedented, especially -in North and West Texas, many of the -newcomers having located in Tarrant county, in -which Fort Worth is situated. Renting agents -report that the demand for houses largely exceeds -the supply.</p> - -<p class="tb">The Texas land office has leased 375,000 -acres of land to J. S. Daugherty, of Dallas, -Texas, for a term of five years. This is said -to be the largest amount of land ever leased to -any one person by the State. The lease will -bring a revenue to the public free school fund -of $15,000 annually.</p> - -<p class="tb">The Southern Farm Agency, of Lynchburg, -Va., has just sold to Mr. A. E. Miltimore, of -Catskill, N. Y., 2000 acres of land in Appomattox -county, on the Norfolk & Western -Railroad. Mr. Miltimore has already taken -down several carloads of sheep and horses, and -intends making it a fine stock farm, for which, -in many respects, it is said to be most admirably -adapted.</p> - -<p class="tb">Mr. George H. Zerr, of Reading, Pa., has -purchased a fine estate near Morrisville, Fauquier -county, Va., and will reside there.</p> - -<p class="tb">Pittsburg capitalists have bought thirty-two -acres of land near Wheeling, W. Va.</p> - -<p class="tb">Florence, S. C., is having considerable -real estate activity.</p> - -<p class="tb">Mr. W. P. Clyde, of the Clyde Steamship -Co., has bought 2000 acres of land on Hilton -Head Island, near Beaufort, S. C., at $3.00 -an acre. Mr. Clyde was already the owner of -a farm on the island.</p> - -<p class="tb">The annual statement of the Roanoke Development -Co. for 1893, recently issued, shows -a satisfactory state of affairs. Shareholders -have purchased nearly $282,000 worth of the -company’s lots, paying for them partly in -stock. In addition to this the company sold -$14,258 worth of lots to outsiders. Thus far -the sales have amounted to $340,428, which is -an average price of $2535 per acre. The company -still has 1153 acres unsold. The officers -of the company are P. L. Terry, president; -Malcolm W. Bryan, vice-president; S. W. -Jamison, treasurer; L. R. Sollenberger, secretary.</p> - -<p class="tb">George Logan, of Salem, Va., has just -bought a farm of 318 acres adjacent to that -town for $9000.</p> - -<p class="tb">E. F. Porter, one of the leading lumbermen -of Kansas City, has been down to inspect -with a view to purchasing a tract of 25,000 -acres of pine and oak timber land in South -Arkansas owned by the land department of the -St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway.</p> - -<p class="tb">A large tract of land, known as Cliffbourne, -at Rock Creek Park, near Washington, D. C., -was sold recently to Francis G. Newlands for -$185,000.</p> - -<p class="tb">A farm of 265 acres near Staunton, Va., has -been sold by J. B. Smith and H. G. Eichelberger, -of Staunton, to a gentleman from -Maine, who will move down with his family.</p> - -<p class="tb">Mr. O. Van Buskirk, of Mt. Sterling, Ohio, -has bought 330 acres of land near Florence, -Ala., and will move there. Several families -besides his own will accompany him.</p> - -<p class="tb">Mr. R. S. Oglesby, of Lynchburg, Va., recently -sold a farm in Bedford county to James -W. Dawson, of the John Shillito Co., Cincinnati, -Ohio.</p> - -<p class="tb">The real estate agents in the South who are -known in the North and West are receiving -constant inquiries about farm lands. The -majority of inquiries seem to come from -Dakota.</p> - -<p class="tb">E. Mallen, of Ironwood, Mich., has purchased -a farm near Cloverdale, Ala., and is -interesting some of his fellow countrymen in -Lauderdale county. Mr. Mallen is a Finlander, -and has been farming a number of -years in the Northwest. A number of his -friends expect to buy farms and locate in the -same county.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span></p> - -<p class="tb">There has been lately a decided improvement -in the demand for stores and business -places in Richmond, Va. Messrs. J. Thompson -Brown & Co. report a number of large -leases.</p> - -<p class="tb">The town of Springfield, Fla., is enjoying a -building boom. About thirty dwellings are -being erected, and a number of residences -and stores are being planned. Real estate business -is brisk.</p> - -<p class="tb">A ranch, in Calhoun Co., Texas, two miles -from Port Lavacca, containing 22,000 acres -owned by Mr. W. H. Thomas, has been bought -by a Northern syndicate for $132,000. It will be -cut up into small tracts and colonized. The -plans for its development also provide for the -building of factories, hotel, &c.</p> - -<p class="tb">The Vicksburg, Shreveport & Pacific Railroad -Co. has sold to Otto Plock, of Paris, -France, 7,554 acres of land situated in Ouachita -Parish, La. The consideration was $26,440.68 -cash. It is said to be the purpose of the -purchaser to establish a large colony of Swedes -on these lands, selling the lands to them in -small lots on easy payments.</p> - -<p class="tb">Real estate continues active at Fort Worth, -Texas. There is a great demand for small -houses. “If I had twenty-five such houses today -I could rent them all before night,” said Mr. W. -R. Sanner, a real estate agent. “I do not -know a better investment,” he continued, -“than to build such residences, with modern -improvements, to cost from $1,000 to $2,500.” -Messrs. Huffman & Co. have in hand a trade -in adjacent counties, for Ohio parties, which -represent the sum of $20,000. California -parties are negotiating for pasture land held at -$16,000.</p> - -<p class="tb">Messrs. J. Thompson Brown & Co., Richmond, -Va., received recently a letter from -Callao, Peru, from a gentleman who wishes to -purchase real estate at Richmond. The same -firm reports that every mail brings them from -two to five letters from parties in the West and -Northwest, who write they have decided to -settle in Virginia, and want information as to -real estate, etc. In the past ten days they have -been in negotiation with one or more parties -in Ohio, Michigan, New York, Minnesota, -Chicago, Pennsylvania, Colorado, St. Paul, -Indiana, Illinois, Nebraska, Kansas, Wisconsin, -and other points who wish to purchase -farms, manufacturing or building sites. From -one of the locations named they are trying to -locate a colony of fifty families on a tract of -5000 acres.</p> - -<p class="tb">A dispatch from Rocky Mount, N. C., -states that parties from the North are -negotiating to purchase 20,000 acres of land -in Nash and Halifax counties for development -and investment.</p> - -<p class="tb">The Island City Abstract Co. has been -organized at Galveston, Texas, with H. M. -Truehart, president; I. A. Harrington, secretary, -and Joseph Lobit, treasurer, and $20,000 -capital.</p> - -<p class="tb">“The Real Estate, Title and Guarantee -Co.,” has been organized at Newport News, -Va., with the following named officers: Carter -M. Braxton, president; L. P. Stearns, vice-president; -Charles Sheppard, secretary; Arthur -Lee, treasurer. The capital is $100,000.</p> - -<p class="tb">A New York capitalist has just invested -$62,500 in real estate in New Orleans. The -transaction was made through Messrs. Robinson -& Underwood, real estate agents, New -Orleans, who state that other purchases will -follow this.</p> - -<p class="tb">Messrs. G. M. Reynolds & Co., of Norfolk, -Va., sold recently a number of lots adjacent to -Portsmouth, improved and unimproved, for an -aggregate of $13,000.</p> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span></p> - -<h2><span class="smcap">Notes of Southern Progress.</span></h2> - -<h3>Atlanta’s Proposed Exposition.</h3> - -<p>The people of Atlanta are pushing their -proposed exposition with the same vigor with -which they undertook the preliminary organization. -The enthusiasm which has marked -every step of progress shows how thoroughly -in earnest Atlanta is, and gives promise of -what may be expected from the exposition. -Director-General Palmer is getting his working -force into good shape, and reports that -from all sections of the country the most hearty -and enthusiastic commendations are being -received. If carried out on the scope upon -which it has been planned, this exposition will -be for the South what the World’s Fair -was for Chicago and the country at large. -It will centre in the South an amount of -interest scarcely appreciated now, but which -will mean the investment of many millions -and in time of many hundreds of millions of -dollars. It will also mean a stimulation of the -Southward trend of population, and thousands -who are thinking of moving South will be determined -by the work of the exposition. Everything -indicates that the exposition will be -on a scale far surpassing anything that has -ever before been seen in the South.</p> - -<h3>Improving the Dismal Swamp Canal.</h3> - -<p>Preparations are being made by Messrs. -Ross & Sanford, of Baltimore, to begin the -work of deepening and otherwise enlarging -what is known as the Dismal Swamp Canal. -The canal, which is twenty-two miles long, -will be dredged to an average depth of ten -feet and widened to sixty feet. This will -require the removal of 3,000,000 cubic yards of -material. As the capacity of the average -dredge is 3000 yards per day, the magnitude -of the work can be appreciated. Another -important work will be the construction of -two main and two secondary locks, the main -locks to be 250×40 feet each in the clear. By -the lock system the water in the canal level -can be raised to a height of thirteen feet. -When the work is finished vessels with nine -feet draught can pass through the waterway -without difficulty. Some of the lumber needed -to build the dredges to be employed has -already arrived at the scene of operations.</p> - -<p>The amount of money to be expended in -this work will be fully $1,000,000. This -passageway is to be used extensively by -lumber barges, fruit and truck steamers -and other craft plying between Hampton -Roads and North Carolina waters. The improvements -will tend to greatly increase the -trade between Norfolk, Portsmouth and the -tidewater country south of those cities.</p> - -<h3>Shipping Alabama Coal to Mexico.</h3> - -<p>The increase in coal business at Pensacola, -Fla., is very marked, and an excellent -demand is noted for Alabama coal, -which thus far has been the only kind sent -from that city. The Export Coal Co. reports -that it has one contract for 11,000 tons to be delivered -at Tampico by March 1, also another -for 60,000 tons to be delivered at Vera Cruz -and Tampico during 1894. The company also -has 30,000 tons to be filled on an order from -Galveston by June 1. The exports of Alabama -coke are very small as yet, but the indications -are that the amount will be greatly increased -this year.</p> - -<h3>Newport News Development.</h3> - -<p>Everything seems to be contributing to -the building up of a great seaport city at Newport -News, Va. The business over the fast -freight line established by the Cleveland, Cincinnati, -Chicago & St. Louis and Chesapeake & -Ohio from the West to Newport News is being -increased by grain shipments from along the -Chicago & Northwestern. A through rate has -been made on cereals for export to Liverpool, -with the result that the new line is not only -securing business from Missouri and Kansas -and the country traversed by the “Big Four” -system, but the territory in Dakota, Minnesota, -Wisconsin and Iowa for which the Northwestern -is an outlet. As the latter has about -3500 miles of lines in these States, the -great advantage of having the Northwestern -as a feeder is apparent. The people who<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span> -are forwarding the business have very -thoroughly examined the facilities at Newport -News and were so pleased with them -and the way the business has been handled -that they intend making more extensive -exports by way of that port.</p> - -<p>In this connection it is reported that the -Vanderbilts have privately secured a larger -interest in the Chesapeake & Ohio and in -Big Four than they have ever held, and -mean to control absolutely that line from -Chicago to the seaboard, with the line of -steamers from Newport News.</p> - -<h3>Southern Coal in Chicago.</h3> - -<p>President M. H. Smith, of the Louisville -& Nashville, has arranged for a reduction of -coal rates from Jellico, which will permit -of the introduction of Jellico coal into Chicago -and Illinois and Michigan points on -the same basis as West Virginia coal. -This will, it is reported, also include the -Middlesborough district. The reduced rate -will doubtless result in a great increase in -the Western shipments of Kentucky coal, the -superior quality of which has created for it a -Western demand, despite high freights.</p> - -<h3>Opening Texas Coal Mines.</h3> - -<p>The extensive coal deposits near the Rio -Grande, in Presidio county, Texas, it is -stated, are to be opened and mined on an -extensive scale by the San Carlos Coal Co., -which controls 53,000 acres of land containing -veins of semi-bituminous coal forty-one -inches thick in some places. President S. -A. Johnston, of the company, in a letter -to the Manufacturers’ Record, says that -his company has made a contract to sell at -least 115,000 tons yearly to the Southern -Pacific Railroad. The Northern office of the -company is at Pittsburg, Pa.</p> - -<h3>Another Florida Canal.</h3> - -<p>Work is about to begin on a canal in -Florida which will be of great importance -to the lumbering and agricultural interests -of the section through which it is to pass. -It will extend from a point in Marion county, -at the head of Ratcliff’s prairie to Mill Creek -swamp. It will be eleven miles long and thirty -feet wide at the bottom. The estimated cost -of dredging the canal is $75,000. The -object of the canal is to reclaim thousands -of acres of submerged swamp lands, covered -with rich muck from five to ten feet in -depth, with a clay bottom, and to provide -transportation for pine and cypress timber.</p> - -<p>The syndicate interested has purchased -15,000 acres of land along its line. When -the improvements are completed they expect -to engage largely in the growing of -rice and sugar-cane, and hold out inducements -to settlers who desire to buy rich lands -cheap. D. D. Rogers, at Ocala, is engineer. -Among the capitalists interested is Christian -Ax, of the firm of G. W. Gail & Ax, Baltimore.</p> - -<h3>Another Big Enterprise for Norfolk.</h3> - -<p>Following the announcement that the Chesapeake -& Ohio is to enter Norfolk comes the -statement that the United States Cotton Warehouse -& Loan Co. has asked for legislative -authority to build wharves, warehouses, elevators -and other buildings; also to construct -and operate a terminal railway not over five -miles in length. It is also to conduct a general -wharfage and warehouse business, with a -capital of at least $50,000. The main office is -to be in Norfolk or Portsmouth. The corporators -are Edward A. Pierson, of New York; -John H. Dingee, of Philadelphia; J. Andre -Mottu, of Norfolk; J. R. McMurran, of St. -Paul, Minn.; Heber Alter, of Philadelphia; -James Y. Leigh, of Norfolk; S. Henry Norris, -of Philadelphia; William Burrington, of Philadelphia; -Herman Niemeyer, of Portsmouth; -Fergus Reid, of Norfolk; C. W. Murdaugh, -Marcellus Miller, of Berkley; Parke Poindexter, -of Berkley; William Goddin, of Philadelphia; -William Schmoele, Jr., of Portsmouth; -John L. Vaughman, O. P. Heath, S. L. Burroughs -and Walter S. Taylor. A number of -well-known capitalists appear in the list, and -the enterprise evidently means much for Norfolk -and vicinity.</p> - -<p class="tb">The Florence Pump Co., of Florence, Ala., -has made a contract with a Philadelphia firm -to supply $40,000 worth of pumps.</p> - -<p class="tb">The water works plant at Yorkville, S. C., -has been completed, tested and accepted by -the town council. The plant consists of -about three miles of mains, a stand pipe -seventy feet high on a fifty-foot tower, 120 feet -in all, with a capacity of 60,000 gallons. The -water is forced into the stand pipe by a pump -of 500,000 gallons capacity, and the stream -which furnishes the water will furnish (estimated) -150,000 gallons a day. There are 800 -feet of hose, and the total cost, including -hose, was $16,800.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span></p> - -<p class="tb">The Shea Plating and Manufacturing Co., of -Cleveland, Ohio, has entered into a contract -to remove to Macon, Ga., and the work of -transferring the plant has begun.</p> - -<p class="tb">Railroad communication and the building -of ice factories on the west coast of Florida, -have resulted in the building up of an important -fishing industry, which is growing rapidly. -St. Petersburg, Clearwater, Dunedin, Ozona, -Sea Side and Tarpon Springs are the principal -shipping points, and there was forwarded from -these ports for 1893 a total of 7,901 barrels.</p> - -<p class="tb">The Fort Worth Gazette says of Terrell -Texas: “Never before in the history of Terrell -and vicinity has there been such demand for -homes and tillable grounds. Many persons -having large pastures are cutting them up in -farms, at least a portion, and if the demand -increases the large pastures will have to be -given up to farming interests instead of grass -pastures. Several thousand acres of new land -will be put in cultivation this year in this -county.”</p> - -<p class="tb">For several weeks Messrs. Rand, McNally -& Co., printers and publishers, have had an -agent in the South prospecting for the most -suitable place, in point of business and situation, -to establish a distributing house, their -main houses being in New York and Chicago. -Charlotte, N. C., has finally been fixed upon as -the most desirable point.</p> - -<p class="tb">Newport News had the honor of constructing -the first iron and steel merchant vessels -built in the South, and the largest -ever launched in the United States. El Cid, -made famous by being turned into a warship -for the Brazilian government, enjoys -the distinction of having broken all records -in the passage between New York -and New Orleans. El Norte, El Rio, and -El Sud are not far behind her. Following this -distinction comes the docking for repairs of the -big American liner New York, which was -done February 19. The New York is the -largest ship ever docked in America. No -other yard on this side the Atlantic could do it. -The Newport News dock has but one rival in -point of size—the government dock, at Brooklyn—and -it is doubtful if that is large enough -to admit of her entrance. As soon as the big -ship touched the dock a force of 1000 men -was put to work upon her.</p> - -<p class="tb">A new manufacturing enterprise of some -importance is about to be inaugurated at Bedford -City, Va., by Mr. W. B. Dunn, who has -organized the Bedford Manufacturing Co., with -himself as secretary. The company’s purpose is -to manufacture custom-made clothing to be -sold at manufacturers’ prices, making a specialty -of trousers, using the product of all leading -Southern woolen mills, as well as other fine -foreign and domestic goods. It is intended -to appoint agents in all towns and cities in the -South having 4000 inhabitants or more.</p> - -<p class="tb">The city hall at Richmond, Va., recently -completed at a cost of $1,370,000, is one of -the finest municipal buildings in the country.</p> - -<p class="tb">It is announced that the Boston capitalists -who have decided to invest about $300,000 in -an office-building in Atlanta, Ga., have secured -a site and are to have plans prepared at -once. Mr. H. M. Atkinson, who is their -Atlanta representative, states that the building -is to be fire-proof, ten stories high and will -contain all the features of the modern -structure for offices.</p> - -<p class="tb">Hon. Jonathan Norcross, of Atlanta, Ga., -is having plans prepared for a five-story -building for offices to cost several hundred -thousand dollars.</p> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span></p> - -<h2><span class="smcap">General Notes.</span></h2> - -<h3>Small but Vigorous.</h3> - -<p>The Houston East & West Texas Railroad, -running from Houston, Texas, to Shreveport, -La., is not very much of a road as to mileage, -but there is more hustle about it than most -roads of ten times the length exhibit. With -only 232 miles of road the company is doing -more relatively towards the development of -the country it traverses than almost any other -road in the country. Recently a development -department has been created and put in charge -of General John M. Claiborne, an old newspaper -man. Among other methods of building -up the territory of the road, and besides the -usual concessions to settlers in the way of passenger -and freight rates, the company has -offered to contribute to a common fund an -amount equal to all that can be raised by the -people of the counties through which the road -passes, the money to be spent in getting in -settlers. The road promises to locate at least -one family for every two dollars the citizens -of these counties will raise. The country -through which this road passes includes some -superb farm and garden lands, and large areas -of original forest timber, pine and hard woods, -and with the energy and push of the managers -of the road it will not be long before immigrants -will be pouring into their country.</p> - -<p>The officers of the road are E. S. Jemison, -president; M. G. Howe, vice-president; M. -S. Meldrum, secretary and treasurer, and -T. Cronin, superintendent, all of Houston.</p> - -<h3>Mr. A. A. Arthur and Middlesborough.</h3> - -<p>The people of Middlesborough, Ky., and -Middlesborough property owners living elsewhere -are making strenuous efforts to induce -the Middlesborough Town Lands Co. to reappoint -Mr. A. A. Arthur to the active management -of the company’s affairs. Ever since -the termination of Mr. Arthur’s management -the town has been in a state of virtual stagnation, -and it is believed that Mr. Arthur alone -can rescue it from collapse and restore it to its -former condition of growth and prosperity.</p> - -<p>Several delegations of citizens and property -owners have called on the company’s present -commissioner at Middlesborough, Mr. Lionel -H. Graham, of London, and urged him to -bring about the appointment of Mr. Arthur. -On February 17, a mass meeting was held, at -which the following resolutions were adopted:</p> - -<p><i>Resolved</i>, By the people of Middlesborough -in mass meeting assembled, that the opportunity -presented by Mr. L. H. Graham, who is -now in our midst as the representative of the -stockholders of the Town Lands Co., seeking -information and encouragement for the guidance -of his associates, be seized, and that we, -the citizens and property owners of Middlesborough, -who have borne the brunt of all the -troubles of past two and one-half years, and -have witnessed and studied both administrations, -and who have been with the stockholders -in prosperity and adversity, respectfully -but emphatically ask a return to the old original -plan of administering the affairs of the -Town Lands Co.</p> - -<p><i>Resolved</i>, That we know that all the great -and valuable resources upon which the city -was started still exist; we have seen railroads -brought to us and great enterprises created in -our midst. The necessities of a city have -been established, all legitimate expenditures -have been made and nothing now remains to -be done to re-establish credit, activity and -progress, but the appointment of a leader, a -wise and liberal man, one of intelligence, -wide experience, integrity and extended connections, -one in whom we can place great confidence.</p> - -<p><i>Resolved</i>, That in Mr. A. A. Arthur, creator -and projector of Middlesborough and all the -adjacent territory, we find such a man. None -other has so great an interest. We will stand -by him and we believe and know that he alone -can pull you, the stockholders, and us, the citizens, -out of the abject state in which we now -are.</p> - -<p><i>Resolved</i>, That we most heartily ask for and -will most cordially approve the reappointment -of Mr. A. A. Arthur to the active management -of the Middlesborough Town Lands Co.; we<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span> -believe that he can rescue this city from ruin, -and the sooner the management is placed in -his hands the sooner will confidence be -restored and values be re-established.</p> - -<p><i>Resolved</i>, That the interests of the Town -Lands Co. are alike the interests of the city -and the citizens thereof; one cannot prosper -without the other, hence the citizens and property -owners are profoundly earnest in their desire -to see Mr. Arthur restored to power, as they -believe that his restoration will give new life -not only to Middlesborough but to Southeastern -Kentucky as well, and that we will enter -upon a career of unexampled prosperity.</p> - -<h3>The Annual Fair at New Berne, N. C.</h3> - -<p>The annual fair of the East Carolina Industrial -Association was held in New Berne on -February 19th to 23d, inclusive, and was formally -opened by Gov. Carr with a sterling -address, in which he referred to the tidewater -region as the garden spot of the continent, -enumerating its resources and estimating their -economic value, present and prospective. The -exhibit, as a whole, was a surprise to home -visitors as well as strangers, especially in -marine, agricultural and mechanical products. -Its mineral exhibit was remarkable in respect -to native ores and precious stones. Thirty-one -counties in the State are mining gold at a -profit. Nuggets were shown which were valued -at $52 and upwards. Eighty-five varieties of -commercial woods were shown. There was a -great variety of building stones. Tomato -plants six inches high, garden peas three inches -high, and strawberry blossoms were shown. -The department of ladies’ work was superlative. -Dairy products were meagre, only three samples -of butter being shown. There was a -great variety of feed in bales—native grasses, -stock peas and corn fodder. Fine samples of -wool and blankets were exhibited. The same -blankets took a premium at Chicago. Some -fine Southdown sheep from the Tucker farm -near Raleigh were on view. There were some -fine Jersey, Devon and Alderney cattle, and -superior Berkshire and Red Jersey pigs and -fat hogs, running up to 600 pounds in weight.</p> - -<p>The fish and oyster exhibit, with the nets -and apparatus, is always a prominent feature of -the annual expositions, and was well sustained. -Roe shad were remarkably fine.</p> - -<p>There was an attractive exhibit of live and -dead game and fur-bearing animals, and two -curious hybrids between turkey, guinea fowl and -Plymouth Rock hen. The floral exhibit was -simply exquisite, and the colonial relics and old -family plate and curios were very interesting. -There was never such a poultry show seen on -earth for quality and variety. At least two -kinds were shown!</p> - -<p>In the department of Women’s Work the -productions of deft fingers were astonishing in -all fabrics, laces, gold embroidery, feathers, -flowers, etc., rivaling Japanese art, and causing -Valenciennes to blush with jealousy. -Altogether, there was a wonderful diversity of -industrial products of which the old North -State and all her sisters may be proud. New -Berne herself has earned honors.</p> - -<h3>An Immigration Bill in the Maryland -Legislature.</h3> - -<p>A bill is to be introduced in the legislature -of Maryland, which is now in session, enlarging -the powers of the chief of the bureau of -industrial statistics so as to give him authority -to provide for the settlement of immigrants in -Maryland. The bill makes it the duty of the -chief of the bureau to collect reliable information -in every county of the State bearing upon -the question of immigration, and authorizes -him to appoint a local immigrant commissioner -in each county. The local commissioners are -to receive $2.50 a day for each day of actual -service and personal expenses, the expenses -are to be itemized and certified to before a justice -of the peace, and $1.00 for each immigrant -sixteen years of age and over settled by -them in their respective counties. Their duties, -under the direction of the chief of the -bureau, are to procure the statistics and information -necessary to properly set forth the -facts, advantages and conditions of the counties, -to perform such other duties appertaining -to the work of the bureau as may be required -and to procure options on farm lands at such -prices and upon such terms as will be within -the means of the immigrants desiring to locate -upon them and to give them such assistance, -care and information within their province as -may be necessary.</p> - -<p>The owners of lands upon which options -have been thus secured shall upon the sale -of the lands through the agency of the bureau, -pay to the chief of the bureau a commission -of 5 per cent. upon the gross amount -of the sale, the sum thus obtained to be used -in defraying the general expenses of the bureau -and to be accounted for by the chief of -the bureau in the itemized statement of receipts<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span> -and expenditures which he is at present -required by law to publish in his report -and to make to the State comptroller.</p> - -<p>The chief of the bureau is authorized to -visit such States and countries as in his judgment -may be necessary, or to send an authorized -agent, for the purpose of securing immigrants, -having special regard to the character -and responsibility of the immigrants. -He is to adopt such means of advertising the -State’s advantages as may commend themselves -to his judgment, including such maps, -charts, &c., as may be best calculated to -illustrate the geographical, geological, topographical -and physical features of the State, -and to make contracts with railroads, steamship -and other transportation companies and -the masters of sailing vessels to secure a low -rate of transportation for immigrants and to -make the necessary arrangements for their -temporary reception and accommodation -upon their arrival until they can be located.</p> - -<p>The bill provides the sum of $10,000, or so -much thereof as may be necessary, in addition -to the present annual appropriation of -the bureau to carry out the provisions of the -law.</p> - -<h3>Packing-Houses in the South.</h3> - -<p>The people of the South have so long been -accustomed to buying their meat from Northern -and Western markets that the suggestion -of packing-houses in the Southern cities is full -of novelty and surprise. Packing-houses distributed -over the Southern territory would be -the incentive for farmers to raise more hogs -and cattle and a better quality, and thus create -a source of revenue now practically closed to -them.</p> - -<p>Are not our people convinced of the folly of -selling their marketable live stock to drovers -and buying their meat, thus paying the cost of -transportation both ways, besides the profit -each handler obtains?</p> - -<p>Pork and beef raised on our own farms and -cured in our own packing-houses would keep -at home the large sums of money sent off annually -for the meat supply of the people.</p> - -<p>The grocerymen of Jackson purchase every -year about $100,000 worth of meat and lard -for consumers in this immediate section, and -it is easily seen that a packing-house in Jackson -would be a profitable industry. It would -furnish a home market for hog and cattle-raisers, -and stimulate the production of the -best qualities. Every step in this direction is -an important gain, and the subject deserves -the earnest attention of our live and progressive -citizens.—The Whig, Jackson, Tenn.</p> - -<h3>Sponge Fishing in Florida.</h3> - -<p>The vessels that are used in the business are -chiefly schooner-rigged and vary in size from -five to twenty-five tons burden. They carry -crews ranging from five in number to fifteen -for the largest vessels, nine men to the boat -being the average number. The odd man in -each case is the cook, who remains aboard to -provide for the inner wants of the crew -(generally amazingly large) and sails the craft -while the balance are off in the small boats -called dingeys in search of sponge. Each -vessel is provided with poles of various lengths, -from fifteen to fifty feet, to be used according -to the depth of water in which they are working, -which have attached to them three pronged -hooks shaped like the teeth of a garden rake, -somewhat heavier, with which the sponge are -detached from the objects to which they are -adhered and drawn into the dingey.</p> - -<p>Two men are necessary to operate a dingey, -one, the “hooker,” using the pole and the -sculler keeping the boat in motion, following -the directions of the hooker, where he leans -over the side looking through an ordinary -wooden bucket with a glass sealed in its -bottom for the sponge, which, when discovered, -is secured with the hooks.</p> - -<p>The fisherman are most all former inhabitants -of the islands; many of them have lived -in the Bahamas, and there are about equal -numbers of white men and negroes.</p> - -<p>They are designated “Conchs” by the people -living upon the mainland, from their making -use of that shell animal for edible purposes -when living upon their native islands.</p> - -<p>A trip is of eight to ten weeks’ duration, -unless it is mutually agreed by the owner and -the crew that it shall end sooner, and a -“broken” trip is one which does not pay expenses -incurred, and does not happen often, -except during a period of disaster like that -just passed through.</p> - -<p>When the trip is finished the catches are -carried to market where the purchaser bids -upon them at a certain price per bunch or for -the lot, having previously estimate from his -thorough knowledge of the goods their value -in pounds.</p> - -<p>Before sending them to the various markets -they are first trimmed neatly and cleaned of -all rock and shell, and then packed in bales of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span> -convenient sizes in a compress which reduces -them to small bulk and renders them easily -handled.</p> - -<p>Owing to the scarcity of the supply the demand -is at present very great, and excellent -prices are obtained.</p> - -<p class="tb">The Newnan (Ga.) Cotton Mill (6300 spindles) -will put on a night force to operate its -mill, so that it can catch up with the orders -with which it is now overrun.</p> - -<p class="tb">Mr. L. C. Porter, proprietor of the Windsor -hotel of Minneapolis, Minnesota, has decided -to remove with his family to Wilmington, N. C. -He has been in North Carolina since the 28th -of December.</p> - -<p>“I want to get away from the cold, long -winters of the Northwest,” he said, “and I -came here to prospect. I have been traveling -North, East, South and West, and my observation -is that you have the finest climate I have -ever seen. If you hadn’t this advantage in climate -and your fine opportunities for investment -along with it, you wouldn’t catch me settling -here.”</p> - -<p>It is said that Mr. Porter has in hand a plan -to establish a colony of Scandinavians in -Eastern North Carolina. He expects to settle -from fifty to 100 thrifty families somewhere -near Wilmington. For twenty years he has -been engaged in fostering colonies on the new -lands of Wisconsin and Michigan.</p> - -<p class="tb">A Young Men’s Business Association is to -be organized at Knoxville, Tenn.</p> - -<p class="tb">Savannah is getting up a commercial club.</p> - -<p class="tb">Macon, Ga., expects to be visited about -March 10 by a party of investors and home-seekers -from Indiana, who have been induced -by the Macon Bureau of Advertising & Information -to go down on a prospecting trip.</p> - -<p class="tb">The Commercial Club, of Anniston, Ala., is -going to have an exhibit room in which to -show the agricultural, mineral and industrial -resources and products of Calhoun county.</p> - -<p class="tb">Mr. Chappell Cory, secretary of the Birmingham -Commercial Club, has taken great interest -in the matter of immigration. Recently at a -meeting of the State Agricultural Society, he -delivered a very able address on the subject, -which was exceedingly well received by the -farmers before whom it was delivered. In the -latter part of February, at his invitation, a -number of the real estate men of Birmingham -met to discuss the subject of immigration. -Mr. H. D. Lane, commissioner of agriculture -of the State, was present, and addressed the -meeting. Following his speech there was a -general discussion of the subject, after which -the following resolution was adopted:</p> - -<p><i>Resolved</i>, That we cordially endorse the movement -for immigration as outlined by Commissioner -Lane, and pledge him our hearty co-operation, -both as real estate men and as -citizens of Birmingham and of Alabama.</p> - -<p class="tb">At Atlanta, Ga., a $500,000 company has -been formed to engage in establishing country -banks wherever good openings are found.</p> - -<p class="tb">A large party of prominent coal operators -of Chicago and other Western cities have been -examining Kentucky coal fields with a view -to handling Kentucky coal on a large scale, -and also of investing in coal properties.</p> - -<p class="tb">A new water-power cotton mill will be built -in South Carolina on Penny-Shoals, Tiger -river, near Wellford, by a company recently -incorporated as the Tuscapan Mills Co. Mr. -C. E. Fleming, of Spartanburg, is at the head -of the enterprise.</p> - -<p class="tb">The public lands in Arkansas, government, -State and railroad, aggregate more than 7,000,000 -acres. There are over 4,000,000 acres of -government lands subject to homestead entry. -Any male citizen of the United States who is -the head of a family, or over twenty-one years -of age, is entitled to enter 160 acres of land -by paying the following fees: For forty acres, -$6; for eighty acres, $7; for 120 acres, $13; for -160 acres, $14. The State has also 1,200,000 -acres which it will sell at $1.25 per acre, or -any citizen over the age of twenty-one years, -or the head of a family, can secure a donation -of 160 acres by paying a fee of $10. In addition -to this the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & -Southern Railway Co. has over 2,000,000 acres -which it will sell on five years’ time at from -$2 to $5 per acre, receiving notes in payment -therefor, bearing 6 per cent. interest. During -the last two years there have been donated to -settlers 166,940 acres of land, and deeds made -to 131,957 acres to settlers who had fulfilled -the requirements of the law.</p> - -<p class="tb">It is not generally known that nearly the -whole of the extreme western part of Texas -is fenced in and divided up into enormous pastures. -There is one pasture, for instance,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span> -traversed by the Fort Worth and Denver -Railroad, that it takes a fast express train four -hours and a quarter to cross. Another, in -Dickens, Crosby and Emma counties, belonging -to the Espinella Cattle Co., contains over -1,500,000 acres. If this pasture were in the -shape of a square it would be about fifty miles -each way, requiring therefore, 200 miles of -fencing.</p> - -<p class="tb">The Empire Plaid Mill, at High Point, N. -C., is crowded with orders. The plant has -been running on double time for some months -until very recently.</p> - -<p class="tb">From the annual report of the Board of -Trade of Eufaula, Ala., of which Mr. C. B. -Goetchius is secretary, it is learned that -Eufaula has had a very active business year -in spite of the hard times. The residences -and stores that have been built during the -year aggregate in cost about $50,000. As an -indication of the comparative business done in -1892 and 1893, it is stated that the cash receipts -at the railroad office were $8500 greater -in 1893 than in 1892. During the recent -period of financial and business disasters and -failures there was not a single failure in -Eufaula, and not a business house closed with -the exception of one case of temporary embarrassment, -which was quickly arranged.</p> - -<p class="tb">The Liberty Woolen Manufacturing Co., of -Bedford City, Va., has secured another contract -from the government to make goods for -the army. This time the order calls for 7000 -broad yards at a cost of over $8000.</p> - -<p class="tb">The last annual message of the mayor of -Augusta, Ga., which has been printed in -pamphlet form, is a very comprehensive review -of the city’s affairs for 1893.</p> - -<p class="tb">Sixty newspaper men from North Dakota -are visiting Texas.</p> - -<p class="tb">The Eufaula Cotton Mill Co., at Eufaula, -Ala., has just completed an addition to its -plant at a cost of $50,000. At the same place -a new cotton mill is being built by another -company—the Chewalla Cotton Mill Co.</p> - -<p class="tb">The managers of the Seaboard Air Line -have become greatly interested in the matter -of immigration. Mr. R. C. Hoffman, of Baltimore, -the president of the line, and Major J. -C. Winder, the general manager, at Wilmington, -N. C., are considering plans for procuring -the settlement of Northern farmers in their -territory. The Seaboard Air Line traverses a -country suited in the highest degree for farming -and stock raising, and especially for growing -early fruits and vegetables.</p> - -<p class="tb">The citizens of Tuskaloosa have organized -“The Commercial Association of Tuskaloosa -county.” The officers and directors are: President, -A. F. Prince; Vice-president, George W. -Christian; Secretary, Walter Guild. Board of -Directors: Festus Fitts, Victor Friedman, W. -C. Jemison, J. C. Harrison, A. S. Vandegraaff, -H. F. Hill, George A. Searcy, Charles R. -Maxwell, T. N. Hays.</p> - -<p class="tb">The Richmond & Danville Railroad has -issued a very handsomely illustrated book, -“Snow Balls and Orange Blossoms,” a copy of -which will be sent on application.</p> - -<p class="tb">Mr. George W. Truitt, of LaGrange, Ga., -has published a pamphlet called “Talks to the -Farmers of Dixie.” It is full of valuable -advice and suggestions.</p> - -<p class="tb">The Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry -Dock Co. has in hand contracts that will keep -it busy for two years.</p> - -<p class="tb">Several hundred laborers have been put to -work on the Chesapeake Beach railway, which -is to connect Washington, D. C., with a proposed -resort on the Chesapeake bay in Southern -Maryland. It seems remarkable that this -superb body of water has been up to this time -so little made use of by the cities of Washington -and Baltimore. This new resort at -Chesapeake Beach will be a boon to both -cities. It will be within less than an hour’s -ride of Washington, and will be readily and -quickly accessible from Baltimore also.</p> - -<p>The Chesapeake Beach railroad passes -through a section of country admirably suited -to truck gardening as well as general farming. -Mr. Washington Danenhower, whose office is -in the Loan & Trust building, Washington, -has already had some negotiations looking to -the locating of a colony of farmers from the -Northwest along the line of the road.</p> - -<p class="tb">The Sibley Manufacturing Co., of Augusta, -Ga., has begun an extensive addition to its -cotton mill. The output of the mill will be -greatly increased.</p> - -<p class="tb">It is astonishing to people who are unacquainted -with the details of Florida business -life to hear of the amount of business<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span> -done in the little towns in the interior and -along the coast. Indeed, it surprises some of -those who live here to see the summing up of -the annual business done by individual firms -in those towns, and if one didn’t in some way -get at some tangible reason for these figures -one would be disposed to question their correctness. -But when one drives out into the -surrounding country and sees the many orange -groves and the many broad acres planted in -vegetables a key is found that unlocks the -situation.</p> - -<p>In Florida, instead of large areas of land in -cultivation, there are the native growths only -dotted here and there with openings, and -planted to fruits and vegetables. It requires -but little stock to cultivate them and but few -hands, comparatively speaking, to do the work. -The crop raised on one acre of Florida soil on -an average is equal to that of fifteen to twenty -acres in cotton regions, and every dollar is for -export, the grower receiving the cash for his -crop, and then he reinvests it for the necessaries -of his household and farm. There is -where the volume of business done by the -Florida merchants comes in.—Jacksonville -Times-Union.</p> - -<p class="tb">The cultivation of the castor bean may be -attempted in Texas on a larger scale than -heretofore. The United States Consul at -Breslau, Germany, Mr. Frederick Opp, has -been making inquiries about the climate and -soil of Texas for Max Strahl, who is thinking -of purchasing land in Bexar county for the purpose -of raising the plants mentioned. According -to Mr. Strahl’s statement, the castor plant requires -much less rain than cotton; can be harvested -in a much shorter space of time; requires -only one-third of the amount of labor, and -yields a much greater profit to the producer.</p> - -<p>In a letter to the San Antonio Express Mr. -Opp says: “I have sent a sample of the beans -to the Department of Agriculture at Washington. -I trust that Mr. Strahl will soon positively -decide to settle in Texas and inaugurate -the enterprise. He is an expert in castor -plant growing and raises large quantities -in India.”</p> - -<p class="tb">The Rock Island & Texas Town Co. owns -a 300 acre tract of land near Boyd, Texas, -which has been divided into ten acre tracts for -small fruit and vegetable farms.</p> - -<p class="tb">The citizens of Nacogdoches, Texas, have -organized a society, the purpose of which will -be to induce immigration to Nacogdoches -county and advance the general interests of -that section. Lists of lands for sale, with -prices, &c., and general information about the -locality will be furnished on application. The -president of the society is George H. Davidson.</p> - -<p class="tb">Mr. Guy M. Bryan, a banker of Bryan, -Texas, who owns large areas of property in -Brazoria county, near Velasco on the Gulf -coast, is arranging to bore artesian wells to -flood a considerable area of ancient lake beds, -which he will convert into extensive rice farms.</p> - -<p class="tb">A report now being prepared by Mr. F. H. -Newell, of the United States Geological Survey, -on the condition, amount, and location of -the public land still in the hands of the government, -shows that there are about 600,000,000 -acres of government lands. The -report states, however, that all the vacant -land remaining to the government in the West -is either mountain country or else land which, -owing to scanty rainfall or other conditions, -is fit only for grazing.</p> - -<p class="tb">The National Builders’ Association of the -United States will hold its next convention in -Baltimore in October, 1895. Mr. Noble H. -Greager, of Baltimore, is president of the association; -Mr. Charles A. Rupp, of Buffalo, -first vice-president; Mr. James Meath, of Detroit, -Mich., second vice-president; Mr. Wm. H. -Sayward, of Boston, secretary, and Mr. George -Tapperk, of Chicago, treasurer.</p> - -<p class="tb">The Rock Hill Cotton Factory Co., of -Rock Hill, S. C., which has heretofore made -yarns only, is now adding 192 looms to its -plant.</p> - -<p class="tb">Mr. George C. Power, industrial commissioner -of the Illinois Central and Yazoo & -Mississippi Valley Railroad Companies, in -an interview with a reporter of the New -Orleans Picayune, said: “I have been down -south of the Ohio river with two or three -parties who are desirous of locating wood-working -factories. Those parties have expressed -themselves as being well pleased with the -lumber found there and the facilities for handling -it; also the welcome which had been given -them by the Southern people. It is more than -likely two of the parties will locate within the -next week or ten days.</p> - -<p>“I find that although the banks wherever I -visited have plenty of money, yet they cannot -loan it to advantage. At some places the -loans to farmers are being curtailed, but in the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span> -majority of places the applications for loans -are fewer than in several previous years. The -hotels are crowded with traveling salesmen, -all of whom appear to be doing good business, -selling principally dry goods, clothing, hats, -caps, shoes and articles of similar character, -and very few provisions. Many places are -purchasing a better class of dry goods than -they had in twenty years back. The merchants -anticipate a very good spring trade.</p> - -<p>“To show how small farmers are doing, I -will cite one case. In the Yazoo Delta a farmer -has grown all the provisions—corn and -seed—for his new crop, and has sufficient left -over to purchase a reaper for his coming hay -crop. He has contracted for the produce of -five acres of potatoes, seven acres of onions, -and he will be self-supporting from this date -forward. He is only one of a great many, and -it seems to me that with fewer applications -for loans and less demand for money to carry -cotton, capital must seek other sources of employment. -A large portion of it will most -probably be invested in sound manufacturing -industries, which will make a market for raw -materials that are now to a great extent valueless.”</p> - -<p class="tb">Charlotte, N. C., has grown tired of its -inert Chamber of Commerce and proposes to -organize a more active and progressive Board -of Trade.</p> - -<p class="tb">The Chamber of Commerce, of Huntsville, -Ala., is receiving many inquiries from Northern -farmers, who want to know about farming -conditions around Huntsville.</p> - -<p class="tb">It is stated that there are not enough houses -at Columbia, S. C., to accommodate the increasing -population, and that an excellent -opportunity is given to erect an office building.</p> - -<p class="tb">The secretary of the Bureau of Information -of Newport News, Va., is in constant receipt -of letters asking for information about Newport -News and the adjacent country.</p> - -<p class="tb">The Denison Land & Investment Co., of -Denison, Tex., has elected A. P. Childs, -of Bennington, Vt., President; E. H. Hanna, -of Denison, Vice-president, and A. H. Coffin, -of Denison, Treasurer.</p> - -<p class="tb">C. S. Durling, of New York, was the -originator of the refrigerator business in Florida, -being the first man to run iced cars for -the transportation of fruits and vegetables to -New York. Before he began to do so berries -could only be shipped by express, and only -then when the weather was cool and the berries -sour. Now Florida berries are sent -North as late as May 1.</p> - -<p>A refrigerator company will begin business -at Gainesville, Fla., this week, and for the -extra charge of ten cents per package they insure -the arrival of truck at destination in the -same condition as when put aboard the cars -here.</p> - -<p class="tb">Some of the cities of Tennessee have become -interested in the idea of having an exposition -to celebrate the State’s centennial. At -a meeting of the Nashville Commercial Club -a resolution was adopted providing for a committee -of twenty-five members, composed -of seven from the Commercial Club, six from -the Board of Trade and three each from the -Southern Engineering Association, the Historical -Society and the Art Association, to -make arrangements for a convention to be -held in the city in March to discuss plans for -an exposition.</p> - -<p class="tb">The Board of Trade of Nashville, Tenn., is -one of the few such concerns that has life and -activity and progressiveness. Major A. W. -Wills, the recently elected secretary, is a man -full of zeal and energy, and he will make the -board of trade a power in the advancement of -Nashville and the surrounding country.</p> - -<p class="tb">The stockholders of the Luna Cotton Mills, -Fort Mill, S. C., have voted to extend the -plant and add considerable new machinery, -including 100 looms.</p> - -<p class="tb">Within the last twelve month taxable values -in Texas have increased $30,000,000.</p> - -<hr /> - -<h2>RAILROADS.</h2> - -<h3>The Richmond & Danville to the Front.</h3> - -<p>The Richmond & Danville Railroad Co. has -issued the following circular offering special -inducements to settlers:</p> - -<p>“The Richmond & Danville Railroad adopts -this means as one of its many methods of -bringing to the attention of prospectors and -home-seekers the numerous advantages possessed -by the territory which it traverses.</p> - -<p>“Realizing that each section of this great -land of ours is dependent to a certain extent -upon the prosperity of the whole, we have no -desire to depreciate any section, but to make<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span> -known the possibilities which are within the -reach of those who contemplate a change.</p> - -<p>“We have received hundreds of inquiries -from parties located in the North and Northwest -who desire information in regard to a -milder and more congenial climate, the character -of soil, etc. Those and all others who -may desire information, we invite to visit -points upon our lines which cover the States -of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, -Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi, and to induce -immigration we will make to <i lang="la">bona fide</i> -prospectors special concessions in rates from -our Eastern junction points.</p> - -<p>“The climate and products of the last four -States above named are well known, but Virginia -and North Carolina have not been so -fortunate in this respect.</p> - -<p>“The climate in these sister States (Virginia -and North Carolina) is about the same, showing -an average the year around of about 55° -Fahrenheit, with no extreme heat or cold, -which enables farmers to raise two or more -crops upon the same land in one season. The -soil is adapted to any crops which are raised in -the Southern or Middle States, and is especially -favorable for trucking, the profits of -which are enhanced by reason of the close -proximity to the best Eastern markets, viz: -Lynchburg, Richmond, Washington, Baltimore, -Philadelphia and New York. It is also -admirably adapted to fruit and grape culture.</p> - -<p>“Without discriminating in favor of any -portion of either of these States, we feel at -liberty to direct especial attention to the Blue -Ridge section of North Carolina as being excellently -adapted to the culture of fruit and -grapes, the mountains and hillsides at many -points being now covered by vineyards and -orchards, which yield handsome revenues to -their owners, while the rich valleys are utilized -for cereals and tobacco.</p> - -<p>“Considering the productive qualities of -these Virginia and North Carolina lands, they -may be had at most reasonable prices and on -accommodating terms.</p> - -<p>“In order to protect ourselves against imposition, -it is necessary to throw some safeguard -around the issuance of reduced rates for -prospectors, as above indicated, and as all -prospectors, before starting on a trip of this -nature, correspond with some land agency or -real estate agent, we will request all applicants -for these reduced rates to obtain identification -at the hands of such agent or land agency as -they may have corresponded with.”</p> - -<p>Inquiries may be addressed to W. A. Turk, -general passenger agent, 1300 Pennsylvania -avenue, Washington, D. C.</p> - -<h3>Another Mississippi Bridge.</h3> - -<p>The Southern Pacific Railroad Co.’s bridge -to be built across the Mississippi river at New -Orleans, La., will, it is believed, be the largest -steel railroad bridge in the world, considering -the quantity of metal used in its construction -and its length. It will be a double-track -bridge about 10,500 feet long. The approach -spans will vary from twenty-five to 150 -feet in length, according to the height of the -towers. The main river bridge will be built -on the cantilever principle, and will be 1070 -feet in length, with spans of 608 feet on either -side. The pier foundations will extend from -a point eighty feet below the bottom of the -river, and will be sunk by open dredging. -The estimated weight of metal required is 25,000 -tons, or 50,000,000 pounds. The cost will -be about $5,000,000.</p> - -<p>The bridge will give the Southern Pacific -system an all-rail entrance into New Orleans, -and form a most important link in railroad -communication between Texas and the Southwest -and the Gulf States east of the Mississippi -river.</p> - -<p>The largest railroad bridge completed is -over the Firth of Forth in Scotland. The -main structure is 5330 feet long, but the approaches -are said to be shorter than the New -Orleans bridge.</p> - -<h3>A Judicial Decision of Great Interest to -Railroads.</h3> - -<p>In two suits recently brought against the -Texas & Pacific road, a New Orleans judge has -rendered a decision that is of very general interest. -The decision in brief is that a railroad is -bound by the admissions contained in the bill -of lading just as the shipper is bound by the -terms. Several weeks ago two suits, exactly -the same except for the amounts involved and -the complainants’ identity, were filed against -the Texas & Pacific road. In both damages -was asked for cotton received in a damaged -condition, which the bill of lading sets forth -had been received by the road in good condition.</p> - -<p>In both cases the plaintiffs introduced the -bills of lading in evidence. They showed by -the signature of the authorized agents of the -road that the cotton had been received by the -road for shipment in good condition. The<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span> -road in its defense attempted to prove that the -cotton was received in the same condition as -when delivered, and that it had not been -damaged in transportation.</p> - -<p>The plaintiffs both proved that upon the -receipt of the bills of lading, specifying that -the cotton had been received by the road in -good condition, they had paid for it by sight -drafts in favor of the shippers.</p> - -<p>In his decisions, both of which were the -same, the judge held that evidence to disapprove -the statements contained in the road’s -bill of lading was inadmissible, and that the -bill of lading placed the responsibility for the -condition of the cotton with the road. For -these reasons judgment in both cases was for -the plaintiff. The conclusion of the court was -that when the consignee pays by sight draft -upon the averment of the bill of lading evidence -that the goods were not received in good -condition is not admissible.</p> - -<p class="tb">It is stated that in furtherance of a plan to -shorten the distance between St. Louis and -points in Western Texas and Mexico, a syndicate -has been formed to complete the Red -River & Southwestern road, which is projected -from a point on the Rock Island road in the -Indian Territory through Western Texas to -San Angelo, to connect with the Southern -Pacific at Spotswood Junction. It is estimated -that the new route would shorten the distance -between Mexico and St. Louis fully 600 miles, -while points in Southwestern Texas will be -200 miles nearer the latter city.</p> - -<p class="tb">C. W. Cheers, formerly assistant general -freight agent in Birmingham of the Kansas -City, Memphis & Birmingham, but who resigned -on January 1, has been appointed -general freight and passenger agent of the -Savannah, Americus & Montgomery, with -headquarters at Americus.</p> - -<p class="tb">Much interest has been aroused by the -bills pending in the Virginia legislature to -incorporate the Richmond & Northern and -Richmond & Manassas roads. The former -is claimed to be a projected road from Richmond -to Fredericksburg, and the latter -between Richmond and Manassas. Either -would form part of a line from Richmond very -nearly to Washington, and it is intimated that -the Baltimore & Ohio may be interested in -one.</p> - -<p class="tb">It is stated that the Baltimore & Ohio is -preparing to build its branch road from a -point north of Georgetown, D. C., to Fairfax -C. H., Va., on which work was begun some -time ago, but suspended for some unknown -cause. Fairfax is but a short distance from -the Richmond & Danville road, with which -the Baltimore & Ohio has close relations, and -it is evident that the building of this branch -means a connection with the Richmond & -Danville.</p> - -<p>The Norfolk & Western road is also securing -the necessary legislation to enter Washington.</p> - -<p class="tb">One of the indications of the rapidly-developing -trade between the North and -South is the establishment of a fast through -freight from New York to the South by the -Atlantic Coast Line. Freight under the -new regulation, no matter how small the -consignment, is rushed through from the -North without delay. With each succeeding -season this service has been expanded -and improved, keeping pace with the development -of the industries which produced -it, until finally it has reached a point of -usefulness and perfection upon which it would -be difficult to improve. Until the present -season, however, this special service has been -confined to a northward-going schedule, but -lately it has become apparent that the demand -for a similar service from the North to the -South was daily becoming more and more -urgent. The Atlantic Coast Dispatch has also -established a line of refrigerator cars out of -New York for Charleston, the service being -designed to furnish the safest and most expeditious -transportation for all southward-going -perishable freight. These cars will prove of -especial advantage to the large shippers of -apples, butter and other perishable articles.</p> - -<p class="tb">It is believed that the Richmond & Danville’s -present management will soon secure a -seaboard outlet at Norfolk or Portsmouth, -either by acquiring the Atlantic & Danville, -which, as stated elsewhere, is to be purchased -by the English bondholders at foreclosure sale -and reorganized, or by building a new line. -The plans of a new company which has been -formed to build an extension of the Atlantic & -Danville from Danville to Bristol, Tenn., passing -through rich and undeveloped coal and ore -lands, are told of elsewhere. The building of the -proposed Virginia Seaboard & Western road, and -the control of the Atlantic & Danville by the -Richmond & Danville, would give the latter not -only a new seaboard terminus, but also a large<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span> -coal, timber and ore traffic from Tennessee -and Virginia, as well as establish a new -route from Tennessee, Kentucky and the -Northwest to the Atlantic.</p> - -<p class="tb">The projectors of the Gulf & Interstate -Railroad to extend from North Dakota to the -Gulf of Mexico have secured an option on -property at Port Bolivar, on Galveston bay, -opposite Galveston, Texas, with a view to -making that the terminus of the road.</p> - -<p class="tb">The New York, Texas & Mexican and the -Gulf, Western Texas & Pacific roads, both -parts of the Southern Pacific system, have -elected the following-named officers: President, -J. Kruttschnitt; vice-president, W. S. -Hoskins; secretary, B. M. Smith; treasurer, -W. J. Craig.</p> - -<p class="tb">A movement is on foot to establish a steamship -line between Jacksonville, Fla., and -Providence, R. I.</p> - -<p class="tb">The Baltimore & Ohio is said to be planning -to extend its Valley division from Lexington to -Roanoke.</p> - -<p class="tb">The Clyde Steamship Co. is considering an -extension of its service to New Orleans.</p> - -<p class="tb">Business on the Norfolk & Southern is developing -to such an extent in North Carolina -that the company has decided to establish six -new stations in that State.</p> - -<p class="tb">The Illinois Central Railroad is exhibiting -great energy in the matter of inducing immigration -to the South. Mr. E. P. Skene, land -commissioner of the road, at Chicago, Captain -J. F. Merry, Manchester, Iowa, assistant passenger -agent, Mr. J. M. Eberle, of Chicago, -land and immigration agent, Mr. C. W. McGinnes, -land commissioner of the Yazoo & -Mississippi Valley Railroad, located at Memphis, -Mr. J. T. Savage, division superintendent -of the Yazoo & Mississippi Valley Railroad, -at Greenville, Miss., are all giving active -and comprehensive attention to this work.</p> - -<p class="tb">Mr. C. J. Haile, the general passenger -agent of the Central Railroad, of Georgia, -is taking advantage of the excursion rates -offered to prospectors, by authority of the -Southern Passenger Association, to distribute -in the Northwest circulars setting forth the -agricultural attractions of the country tributary -to his roads. Mr. Haile is an enterprising -and progressive railroad man, and fully comprehends -the value of having the country traversed -by his road thickly populated by Northern -farmers.</p> - -<p class="tb">Mr. W. C. Rinearson, general passenger -agent of the Queen & Crescent route, is trying -to arrange with the Southern Passenger Association -to have tickets for his line, via Chattanooga, -carry the privilege of stopping over -at Chattanooga, so that travelers may have an -opportunity of seeing Lookout Mountain, the -National Military Park and other Chattanooga -sights.</p> - -<p class="tb">At the request of Col. C. P. Atmore, general -passenger agent of the Louisville & Nashville -Road, the passenger agents of roads having -interests at Memphis, Tenn., met in that -city February 14, to arrange a passenger -association.</p> - -<p class="tb">At a meeting of the truck farmers, held at -Chattanooga, S. C., February 19, to consider -the matter of transportation of vegetables and -fruits to New York, a member had this to say -in praise of the famous Old Dominion line of -steamers:</p> - -<p>“They have fast steamers especially constructed -for carrying highly perishable freights; -they have ample tonnage for handling all the -business that comes to them, and their deliveries -in New York are not only convenient to -the trade, but are made more rapidly than any -other line with whom we do business.</p> - -<p>“In addition to their already large fleet they -are about to launch two splendid new steamers, -the “Jamestown” and “Yorktown,” which -will be ready by April 10, and are expected to -be the fastest coastwise steamers out of -New York.</p> - -<p>“Our experience with the Old Dominion Co. -covers more than thirty years. During that -time they have always been found willing to do -all in their power to assist the grower both in -improved service and in giving as low rates of -freight as are consistent with fast transportation.”</p> - -<p class="tb">The Atlantic Coast Line system has been -one of the most liberal and progressive roads -in the South in fostering the trucking business -along its line. It has made a specialty of its -truck traffic for many years, and to its enterprise -is largely due the magnitude of the business -which is now done out of Charleston.</p> - -<p class="tb">The Middle Georgia & Atlanta road, from -Atlanta to Milledgeville, has just been completed.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span> -It is seventy-five miles shorter from -Atlanta to Milledgeville by this route than by -any other. Over forty miles of the line between -Covington and Eatonton has no bonded -debt whatever, $450,000 of the stock being -taken and paid for by Georgia people. The -ultimate destination of the line is Savannah. -W. B. Thomas is general manager.</p> - -<p class="tb">The Atlantic & Danville, which extends -from Danville across Southern Virginia to the -Seaboard, has attracted considerable interest -from the fact that a company has been -organized, composed largely of bondholders of -the road, to build a line from Danville to -Bristol, Tenn., to be called the Virginia -Seaboard & Western. The Atlantic & Danville -is to be sold by order of the court on -April 3, and, it is expected, will be purchased -by the bondholders. The new road, if built, -will be about 115 miles long and connect with -the East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia -system at Bristol. It would give the latter an -outlet on the Atlantic seaboard and develop -much mineral property of east Tennessee and -southern Virginia, the product of which now -has no means of reaching furnaces.</p> - -<hr /> - -<h2>HOTELS.</h2> - -<p>The great Four Seasons Hotel at Harrogate, -Tenn., has been reopened.</p> - -<p class="tb">Messrs. G. S. Atkins & Sons, proprietors -of the Ocean Hotel at Asbury Park, N. J., -have bought the Brock House at Enterprise, -Fla., together with 2300 acres of adjacent -land.</p> - -<p class="tb">Messrs. Stephen Green, of Philadelphia, -Martin Lane, of Wilmington, and Levi Z. -Condon, of Baltimore, have organized the -Luray Caverns Co. to operate the Luray -Caverns, build a hotel, &c.</p> - -<p class="tb">The proprietors of the San Marco hotel, of -St. Augustine, Fla., as one method of entertaining -their guests, allow them to pick, for -use in the hotel, vegetables and fruits from -the hotel garden, and on pleasant mornings -many of the guests may be seen before breakfast -picking radishes, peas, tomatoes, lettuce, -&c., to be served at meals.</p> - -<p class="tb">The business men of Columbia (S. C.) are -talking about raising money to build a great -hotel. Since the change in the Atlantic Coast -line route, by which Columbia is put on the -main line between Florida and the North, it -is thought that a big resort hotel could do a -profitable business.</p> - -<p class="tb">The outlook for the coming season at Mountain -Lake park, in Western Maryland, is very -promising. Twenty or more new cottages -will be built, and many of these have already -been spoken for.</p> - -<p class="tb">The Royal Poinciana hotel, of Lake Worth, -Fla., which has been erected on the site of the -old McCormick house, is doing a large business.</p> - -<p class="tb">The Macon (Ga.) news is urging the building -of a great hotel at Macon in emulation of -Savannah and the Florida cities.</p> - -<p class="tb">The Florentine hotel, at Huntington, W. Va., -has passed into the hands of Messrs. L. H. -Cox and R. F. Jones. Mr. Cox is from Louisville, -Ky.; Mr. Jones formerly conducted the -Joy house at Findlay, Ohio. They state that -large improvements will be made.</p> - -<p class="tb">The Hotel Indian River, at Rock Ledge, -Fla., has 350 guests and expects to be crowded -all through the month of March.</p> - -<p class="tb">A new hotel is to be built at Charleston, S. -C., at a cost of something like $450,000. It is -to cover a block 150×545 feet. The plans provide -for broad verandas adjoining the parlors -and opening upon a garden space to be larger -than any similar grounds owned by any hotel -in the country.</p> - -<p class="tb">Fort Worth, Texas, expects to have a new -and first-class hotel.</p> - -<p class="tb">The court has refused to confirm the recent -sale of the Oglethorpe hotel at Brunswick, Ga., -and has ordered a new sale.</p> - -<hr /> - -<h2>CORRESPONDENCE.</h2> - -<h3>A Valuable Suggestion from England.</h3> - -<p>A reader of the <span class="smcap">Southern States</span> living at -Florence, Ala., sent a copy of the January -number to a friend in England, and has received -from him the following very interesting -and noteworthy letter, which we are permitted -to publish:</p> - -<p>“Many thanks to you for the January number -of the magazine, “the <span class="smcap">Southern States</span>,” -which I received this morning. I presume -you sent it, knowing that the interesting<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span> -letters relating to the subject of immigration -to the Southern States so fully coincide with -the views I have long held and have expressed -to you concerning immigration from Great -Britain to the South.</p> - -<p>“Those views were verified again only a few -days ago in the following manner: A friend of -mine, who is a builder, wished to “talk with -me about America,” rather a big order if he -had considered a little, as having but limited -means and a growing family he “thought of -emigrating.” <em>Where</em> should he go? He spoke -of many of the States I know well, but he -knew nothing of the South, except that they -had oranges and alligators in Florida. He -was a fairly intelligent man, too. After a long -conversation, the length of which you will -understand when I tell you that I conducted -my friend from the blinding blizzards of -Nebraska to the genial sunshine of Alabama, -I promised to get him some printed information -from some of the emigration agents in -London, so that he could form an idea as to -the requirements, capabilities and resources of -the South. Well, I tried to keep my promise, -and called on numerous agents. I could -obtain <em>any amount</em> of information about any -part of Canada and the Western States, but in -this great city of 6,000,000 of people, I, an -experienced Londoner, could not obtain a line -about Alabama, Tennessee, Mississippi, Georgia, -Louisiana or any other Southern State, -except Florida, and as I enjoyed life in the -latter State for over three years I could describe -a gopher or a “Florida cracker,” better -than the agent could. Is it to be wondered at -that people from England know the West and -are ignorant of the beauties of the South? -There, you have your Southern difficulty in a -nutshell. We have over 35,000,000 of people -on these little islands, very few of whom really -know anything whatever of the Southern -States. We have tens of thousands of men—small -capitalists, manufacturers, skilled artizans, -farmers, dairymen, market gardeners, -and business men of all classes—who would -give up the, in most cases, hopeless struggle -here (hopeless as far as a comfortable competence -is concerned), and cross over to the -Southern States with their wives and families -<em>if they only knew</em> the power of their skill, -industry and perseverance in a country where -those qualities will give an ampler, fairer and -a more just reward than here. These people, -the hewers of wood and drawers of water, who -are the backbone of every prosperous country, -require information, <em>official</em>, <em>authoritative</em>, <em>reliable</em> -information, about Georgia, Alabama, -Louisiana, Tennessee, &c., and it is simply -because such information is lacking, difficult -to obtain, or unreliable when it is obtained, -that so many go West and Northwest, whilst -others, who <em>could</em> be induced to go South, stay -and struggle on in the old rut for want of -being waked up. I feel perfectly sure that if -a bureau of information were established here -in London and supplied with literature, maps, -&c., descriptive of the Southern States, and -properly advertised throughout Great Britain, -the results would be quickly felt, whilst the -expense would be infinitesimal compared with -the benefits which would eventually accrue. -Such a bureau, however, would have to be -managed by a man (or men) of integrity and -experience, who should be as unbiased as possible, -and entirely free from sectional prejudice. -An agent should have sufficient business -tact to know that he would never benefit -Georgia or Alabama by disparaging Colorado or -California. I know that many agents in England -try to detract from every other State, and every -other section of a State, except the little spot -they are for the time pecuniarily interested in -getting settled up. Their aims are narrowed -down to simply getting commissions on the -railway and ocean tickets, and a small prearranged -percentage on any little land purchase -the immigrant may make from the agent -in America, who has glowingly, and very, very -often untruthfully, described.</p> - -<p>“A Southern States bureau of information, -such as I suggest for London, should be kept -entirely free from the machinations of the unscrupulous -land speculator, who, we all know, -has in too many cases most seriously injured -States and localities, simply to gain some -small selfish end of his own. In my opinion -the expenses of such a bureau of information -should be borne by Southern railroad enterprise, -and the London bureau should work in -conjunction with established agencies, or sub-agencies, -in all the large towns and cities in -Great Britain, and also be in close touch with -agencies in the United States, working with -the same object, viz.: To induce immigration -to the Southern States. The South as it really -is can stand on its own merits, and is good -enough for anybody, no matter what class—capitalists, -cotton kings, iron masters, coal -owners, farmers, or earnest, industrious artizans. -The South can supply every requisite -for all, from the raw material to the finished<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span> -product. These are a few of the facts that -people here in England are ignorant of and -<em>should</em> be <em>informed about</em>, whilst many of your -own people in the North and Northwest are -not much better informed on many points. A -couple of summers ago I was laughed at at my -hotel in New York because I remarked, “I -cannot stand this sultry heat any longer; <span class="smcap">I’ll -go South</span>, <em>where it is cooler</em>.” I was considered -a “bullheaded Britisher;” but I was -right, anyhow, for it <em>was</em> cooler in Florence, -Ala., than in New York!”</p> - -<h3>A Letter from Western Georgia.</h3> - -<p>Mr. George W. Truitt, of LaGrange, Ga., -one of the most advanced and successful of -the present generation of progressive Georgia -farmers, writes to the <span class="smcap">Southern States</span> as -follows:</p> - -<p>“Noticing your commendable efforts to advertise -the attractions and resources of the South -and induce immigrants to seek homes in this -country, I ask space in your columns for a review -of some of the inducements this immediate -section offers.</p> - -<p>“This county—Troup—is in Western Georgia -with the city of LaGrange as its county seat.</p> - -<p>“LaGrange has a population of about 4,000 -and is beautifully situated, 850 feet above sea -level—on the Double Daily mail route from -New York to New Orleans, and on the new -and splendid line from Palatka, Fla., via Macon, -Ga., to Birmingham, Ala. For healthfulness it -has no superior. It has two of the best female -colleges in the South, and an excellent male -high school. The various religious denominations -are represented by nine churches. The -town is lighted by electricity and has a fine -system of water works. Two strong banks -furnish all necessary money for business enterprises. -The famous “Terraces” or Terrell flower -gardens are within a mile of the heart of the -town. There is a $400,000 manufacturing plant -here, embracing the LaGrange Cotton Mills, -foundry and machine shops, oil mills and -guano factory, all under our management.</p> - -<p>“There are two carriage factories, a plow -factory, planing mills, variety works and ice -factory all inside the city limits. A canning -factory will soon be erected, and a public -school system will be established.</p> - -<p>“LaGrange is surrounded by one of the best -agricultural regions in Georgia.</p> - -<p>“The farm lands are fertile, easily cultivated -and yield abundantly under intelligent culture. -There has not been anything like a failure of -crops in twenty-five years through this section. -The climate is all one could wish. Extreme -heat and cold are rare. Our lands are rolling, -with natural drainage; plenty of timber and -pure water. Farmers can work their lands in -half a day after the heaviest rains.</p> - -<p>“The agricultural interest is undergoing a -great and rapid change for the better. We -have abandoned the one-crop idea.</p> - -<p>“Since January 1st, 1894, there has not been -sold at this point more than one car of Western -corn and meat. It has not been many years -since forty cars of those two items were sold -in about the same time.</p> - -<p>“Lands here can be bought at a bargain. -Our largest land owners see the great importance -of increasing our white population, and -are in thorough accord and sympathy with any -movement looking to an improvement in that -direction, and stand with open hearts and -friendly hands to welcome a sturdy thrifty class -with a little money and plenty of will and -energy.</p> - -<p>“One attraction, of the many worthy of an -immigrant’s consideration in this county, is the -fact that the farmer has a home market for his -surplus farm products. Within a few months -from now there will be a demand, within a -circle of fifteen miles around LaGrange from -the cotton mills already in operation and nearing -completion, for 10,000 more bales of cotton -than the county raises; that means 30,000 -bales; we raise annually about 20,000. Many -thousand bales will be sent direct from the -fields, as it is gathered, to the factory, where -the spot cash will be in waiting for the cotton -and the seed, the value of the seed amounting -to, or adding to the cotton, at least one cent a -pound. The mill operatives furnish a market -for thousands of dollars’ worth of the farmers’ -surplus food products.</p> - -<p>“Clover and grasses grow to perfection here, -the Bermuda grass especially, which furnishes -nine months pasturage and yields bountifully -of a hay second only in nutritive value to the -purest timothy.</p> - -<p>“Here are some facts and figures from actual -experience in farming in this vicinity: $96 -worth of Bermuda hay from one and a quarter -acres; $60 worth of rust proof oats from one -acre; $64 worth of corn from one acre; 2180 -pounds lint cotton (a fine variety) from one -acre, sold for $174.40 and the seed brought -$120.</p> - -<p>“We have a farmer in this county who twelve -years ago was not worth over $1000 and who<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span> -now owns unencumbered property worth over -$30,000; made it all farming; has never engaged -in any other business.</p> - -<p>“The thanks of every Southern man and -woman are due you for the service you are -doing them. And every respectable immigrant -who is influenced by you to seek a home -anywhere in this State, I know will not live -here long before his obligations to you will be -expressed.</p> - -<p>“This country and any other will be truly -great when the man who pushes the plow is -landlord of the sod he turns.”</p> - -<h3>Interest in the South Extending.</h3> - -<p>A real estate and immigration agent in -Iowa writes to the <span class="smcap">Southern States</span> as -follows:</p> - -<p>“I have been reading the <span class="smcap">Southern States</span>, -and am deeply interested in its work. I have -been engaged in immigration work myself for -thirty years, and I readily see some of the difficulties -in the way of promoting immigration -to the South. These can be readily overcome. -With the use of proper methods, there is nothing -in the way of bringing about a large -movement from the Northern States to the -South. The people of the North are finding -it a matter of necessity to change their location, -and this matter of moving to the South is -of as much interest to them as it is to the people -of the South. The matter rests largely -with the railroad companies. With proper inducements -and co-operation, agents could be -gotten to go through the South on tours of inspection, -whose reports on their return would -influence large numbers of families in their -communities. They would, of course, bear -their own expenses, but they should have free -transportation over the railroads. Facilities of -this sort should, of course, be extended only to -men of standing and reputation and influence -at home, whose favorable report would lead to -the removal of numbers of families in a body. -I have taken parties of farmers into the West -and the Northwest. I am in a position to explain -to inquirers every feature of every -county, for example, in Kansas and Nebraska. -It would be easier to get them -to go South; but I am sure of what information -to give concerning Kansas and Nebraska, -while my knowledge of the South is to -some extent limited. I have a great many inquiries -about the South. I am solicited now -by a number of the best farmers of Iowa to go -South and look the country over, get a list of -lands for sale, prices, terms, etc., and find out -for them what the conditions actually are. -There is great interest in the South, and from -all I hear and read it seems to be infinitely -superior as a place for home-seekers to the far -West, but the railroads and others interested -have got to be as liberal in developing and fostering -immigration efforts as the Western railroads -have been, in order to bring about any -extensive movement of this sort.”</p> - -<h3>No Hard Times in North Arkansas.</h3> - -<p>Mr. W. M. Duncan, president of the -Citizens Bank, Eureka Springs, Ark., writes -to the <span class="smcap">Southern States</span> as follows:</p> - -<p>“In this section of Arkansas, commonly -spoken of as North Arkansas, by which is -meant the two northern tiers of counties across -the State, the financial condition of the -farmers is better than at any time during the -past five years. They are raising increased -food supplies, and yet have very materially decreased -their debts and improved their properties. -Very little cotton is grown north of the -Boston mountains; corn, oats, rye and sorghum -being the chief cereals, while cattle, -hogs and sheep are raised to great advantage -and profit. There has not been a failure of -any crops in the last five years. The outlook -for the farmers this year is very good, and that -of itself makes the general business situation -of the towns and cities in this section most -favorable.</p> - -<p>“The great financial depression through -which the country has recently passed was felt -less in this section of the Southwest than in -any other, from all reports. The reason was, -our farmers were all well stocked with fat marketable -hogs and cattle, and were able thereby -to quickly realize on the same and meet the calls -on them from their bankers, made necessary -by the foolish alarm from lack of confidence -so generally experienced in all financial institutions.</p> - -<p>“Our greatest industry, yet very small, fruit -raising (especially apples), merits the attention -of all persons looking for a location to -engage in apple raising. The apples of North -Arkansas have taken the first prizes at New -Orleans, San Francisco, Boston and the -World’s Fair. There are several thousand -acres of young apple trees which will bear the -first fruit during the coming year, and as many -more trees have been planted during the past -two years. Our climate is especially adapted -for this.</p> - -<p>“The present status of business with the merchants -and general stores is a great deal better<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span> -than expected, and by early summer it is -believed the return to the customary good -trade will be accomplished.”</p> - -<h3>A Strong Disposition to Move South.</h3> - -<p>Mr. G. B. Randolph, of Anniston, Ala., -writes to the <span class="smcap">Southern States</span> as follows -about his observations on recent trip to the -Northwest: “I met many farmers and stock-raisers; -also small fruit growers. (The latter -can do but little in that section). I find a -strong disposition among the people there on -account of the severe winters and bad roads to -come to a more agreeable climate. This of -course is to be expected; people will naturally -gravitate to a country holding out the greatest -inducements. Here we not only have mild -winters but our summers are not as hot as those -in Illinois. A case of sunstroke is unheard of -in this State. Our soil is productive and easily -tilled. The character of our soil is red clay -and sandy loam, and will produce anything -that can be raised in the temperate zone. -A great deal of attention is now being turned to -fruit, vineyard and berry culture. Also we -are proving this to be a fine country for tobacco -culture. We have a remarkably healthy -country. A case of lung trouble I never knew -of originating here. As an indication of the -attention being paid to this section, will say -that within the past two days I have had inquiries -for lands from the States of New York, -Indiana, Illinois and Missouri. Will be -glad to answer any inquiries from prospective -settlers. We have heretofore been -greatly handicapped by excessive railroad -rates to prospectors and immigrants; now I am -glad to say the roads are showing a spirit of -liberality, and we now have excursions the -eighth of each month. Round-trip tickets for -one fare good for twenty days are being sold -by the different lines in the North for all points -in this section.”</p> - -<hr /> - -<h2>NEWSPAPER COMMENT.</h2> - -<h3>The Yazoo Delta.</h3> - -<p>The Memphis Appeal-Avalanche says: -“From present indications the labor problem -in the Mississippi valley is about to solve -itself. The answer is a simple one—the substitution -of white labor for black.</p> - -<p>“Everything seems to indicate that the shiftless, -easy-going, debt-making negro, dependent -all the year round on the man who is -running him, will soon be a thing of the past. -Of course there are some negroes who are exceptions -to the rule—who pay their debts when -they make them, who live economically, who -know the value of a dollar—but they are few -and far between.</p> - -<p>“That the Mississippi Delta is the garden -spot of the earth no one doubts. Its soil is -ever responsive to the hand of the tiller. It -is capable of raising the most diversified crops. -As a cotton country it has no equal. All kinds -of fruit flourish in its kindly temperature. -The forest abounds in the most valuable woods. -As a stock raising country it is equal to the -blue grass region of Kentucky. All that the -Delta needs is the hand of man to develop it, -and man is beginning to realize that his labor -will count for more there than anywhere else.</p> - -<p>“As an example of the difference between -Caucasian and negro labor, an instance which -recently came to light is invaluable. A -wealthy planter, owning a Delta farm, let part -of it to some foreign families; the rest to negroes. -The foreigners worked hard. They -raised diversified crops. They lived as cheap -as they could, and at the end of the year they -had not only paid their rent, but they had -their barns stocked with supplies and well-filled -bank books. The negroes had not paid -their rent and were heavily in debt, besides -being dependent on outside help for supplies -to run them through the year to come. The -two classes of tenants were exactly opposite, -the one representing independence, the other -dependency.</p> - -<p>“The Yazoo & Mississippi Valley Railroad, -recently purchased by the Illinois Central -system, passes directly through the Delta. It -owns a great deal of the land through which it -passes, and is now making a systematic effort -to settle it with immigrants from the Northwest -and Europe. At present a large tract of -land, known as the Bogue Phalia district, is -receiving the benefit of most of this effort, -and the families are rapidly moving in and -taking possession.”</p> - -<p class="tb">The Times-Union, Jacksonville, Fla., utters -these profound truths: “Capital is like Providence -in just one respect. It helps those who -help themselves. It will take no risks in a -community where the people brand investments -as bad by refusing to take part in them. -Capitalists know that men everywhere are -looking for good investments, and an enterprise -that does not secure home support is presumed -to be a bad investment, no matter how -much talk there is for the purpose of convincing<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span> -men to the contrary. The present is -an auspicious time. Millions of dollars of -Northern capital are seeking investment, and -they will go to such places as prove rather -than assert faith in the investments they offer.”</p> - -<p class="tb">The Atlanta Constitution, in making editorial -comment on an item in the <span class="smcap">Southern -States</span>, says:</p> - -<p>“We contend that the South is the most -promising section in the Union for enterprising -farmers who will conduct their -business in the right way. The Northern -and Western farmers are beginning to -see this. They are coming to the conclusion -that it is short-sighted policy for -them to purchase land at $100 or more -per acre when they can buy plenty of good -farming land in the South at from $5 to $25 -per acre. A Northern farmer needs at least -forty acres, and this will cost him in his own -section $4000. This sum would buy him at -$25 per acre a Southern farm of 160 acres, -but he can easily find good land at much -lower figures. Indeed, with $1500 or $2000 -a farm of 150 or 200 acres can be purchased -in a productive region. The Northern farmer -who comes South and sticks to his diversified -crop plan will keep out of debt and make -money from the start. He will find, too, -that he will enjoy here the same conveniences, -facilities, institutions and society that he has -always been accustomed to at home. He -will suffer none of the drawbacks of moving -to a new country among strangers. Our -people are native Americans—98 per cent. -of them—and the Americans from other -sections who come here easily assimilate with -them, and there is no sectional prejudice -to make it unpleasant for strangers. When -an immigrant makes it apparent that he is -a good citizen his Southern neighbors readily -extend the right hand of fellowship without -asking him where he hails from.”</p> - -<p class="tb">Here is the opinion of an editor who moved -from Nebraska to Tennessee and is now editing -the Advance of Harriman:</p> - -<p>We came South from a State as fair as any -under the sun. In some respects it is unequalled -by any land we have ever seen. But -that is not what makes a country desirable for -a life-long, all-the-year-round residence.</p> - -<p>With all the desirable qualities of Nebraska, -and there is no Northern State that can excel -or even equal it, there are some disadvantages -that render it more than a hundred per cent. -inferior to this country.</p> - -<p>In the first place, there are no minerals, no -timber, and, consequently, no manufacturing -to supply a home market for produce. All surplus -grain must go to a foreign market, and -the distance and freight are so great, as to -leave but very little for the farmer. Corn -more frequently sells for less than twenty-five -cents a bushel than it does for more than that, -or even that figure.</p> - -<p>Then the long winters and severe blizzards. -We know what they are, for we battled with -them for a good number of years, and are in a -position to judge between the climate of that -country and this.</p> - -<p>Concerning the outlook for farming in this -country, we are convinced of two facts.</p> - -<p>The first is, that the same kind of farming -given to this Southern soil that is given to the -the land in the North will result in just as -good crops. Of this we have no doubt whatever.</p> - -<p>The second is, that while the farmers of the -Northwest have to sell their produce for the -lowest possible price, depending entirely on a -foreign market, here, with our stores of undeveloped -minerals, and immense quantities of -timber to be manufactured, the farmer can depend -on a good local market for the next -hundred years.</p> - -<p class="tb">The Age-Herald, Birmingham, Ala., says: -“The disposition among Northern and -Northwestern farmers to come South is every -day becoming more apparent. They long for -the salubrious climate and fertile soil of the -South. When the South is covered by small -farms owned by industrious white farmers, -then it will blossom as the rose. The negro -shows a disposition to get away from the farm. -He is a social creature and loves the society -and excitement of the town. He flocks to the -furnaces and mills around the city. He can -stand heat and enjoys the hot work of the -furnaces. He makes more at the public works. -He is thriftless and cannot manage, and can’t -make farming pay. It is possible that there -will be a considerable shifting of places between -the whites and blacks, resulting in -good to the entire country.”</p> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[65]</a></span></p> - -<h2>WHAT THE NEWSPAPERS SAY OF THE “SOUTHERN STATES.”</h2> - -<p>The entire attention of the editor and contributors -of this magazine is devoted to the -promotion of the South as a farming region, -and to the distribution of information which -will at once attract immigrants, show them -where they may with the best advantage locate, -and tell them what to expect when they arrive. -It is an undoubted fact that many thousands -of acres of land of remarkable productive -capacity are going begging for occupants in -nearly all of the States south of Mason and -Dixon’s line at very low prices, and it seems -to be the case that the Northern or Eastern -farmer of thrifty, economical and industrial -habits and with a practical knowledge of his -business will not fail to succeed in the South. -“The South and Immigration” is the first -article in the present issue, and it consists of -letters from prominent railroad officials, showing -the aids which are extended to immigrants -by these organizations. The next paper is -made up of letters from Southern banking institutions -whose universal testimony it is that -a steadily increasing financial prosperity is in -progress throughout these States, and the -“Letters from Northern and Western Farmers -Giving Their Experience in the South” tend -to prove the same statement. This magazine -is serving as the medium for the carrying on -of an enormous and an invaluable work.—Boston -Herald.</p> - -<p class="tb">It is a just and true mirror of the Southern -country and an invaluable aid in its upbuilding -and advertisement. The ignorance of the -world concerning all things Southern is astonishing, -and is fostered and increased by immigration -agents and land companies by wilful -and absurd misrepresentation concerning its -people, its climate, its methods and everything -connected with it viewed as a home for -prospective settlers. Until recently the South -has had no champion against this maligning. -To combat these errors and let the world -know the truth is the mission of the <span class="smcap">Southern -States</span>, and the steadily increasing influx of -immigrants to this portion of the Union is in a -great measure due to its intelligent and unceasing -efforts.</p> - -<p class="tb">The <span class="smcap">Southern States</span> is devoting itself to -a remarkable degree to illustrating the attractions -of the South for farmers and manufacturers, -and to this end is printing in its monthly -numbers letters from farmers and railway -managers throughout that section of the country, -who show what the possibilities are in -dealing with the soil and in gaining access to -the markets of the nation. The forces of immigration -have been chiefly directed to the -North and West until a large portion of that -country has been occupied; but the industrial -resources of the South have only just been -touched, not developed, and the railways are -calling loudly for people who are ready to immigrate -to different parts of the South and -purchase small farms. At the same time a -large number of the farmers give an account of -their actual experience in the different Southern -States as agriculturists.—Boston Herald.</p> - -<p class="tb">The <span class="smcap">Southern States</span> should meet with -substantial endorsement from every Southerner -interested in the upbuilding of his section.—Commercial, -Union City, Tenn.</p> - -<p class="tb">Mr. Wm. H. Edmonds has disposed of his -interest in the Baltimore Telegram, which was -rapidly increasing in popularity as one of the -best literary weeklies in the country, and assumed -the editorship and management of the -<span class="smcap">Southern States</span>, the monthly magazine -started a few months since by the Baltimore -Manufacturers’ Record. Mr. Edmonds is now -engaged in a work thoroughly congenial to -him, the main object of the <span class="smcap">Southern States</span> -magazine being identical with that he had -mapped out for the Telegram when he purchased -the paper. The <span class="smcap">Southern States</span> -under the new editor will, we are assured, -rapidly increase in popularity, especially in -the South. Mr. Edmonds is thoroughly -identified with the progress of the South, -material and industrial, and his exclusive devotion -to the magazine work guarantees a -publication of the highest literary character -and extraordinary general interest. The Enquirer-Sun -extends its best wishes to the new -management.—Enquirer-Sun, Columbus, Ga.</p> - -<p class="tb">The <span class="smcap">Southern States</span>, an illustrated -monthly magazine published in Baltimore, has<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span> -begun a movement which is calculated to do -more good than anything heretofore projected -to induce the sturdy farmers of the Northwest -to seek more congenial homes in the Southern -States where the rigors of climate are not -present to obstruct and hinder the husbandman.—The -Landmark, Norfolk, Va.</p> - -<p class="tb">It is impossible to estimate the amount of -good work that is being done for the South by -that splendid magazine, the <span class="smcap">Southern States</span>. -In its January number “The South and Immigration” -is discussed by the leading railroad -officers, representing nearly 30,000 miles -of Southern railroads, and this and the other -subjects treated are handled in an eminently -practical way.—The Post, Houston, Texas.</p> - -<p class="tb">The <span class="smcap">Southern States</span>, a magazine published -by the Manufacturers’ Record Publishing -Co., Baltimore, is doing more for the South -than perhaps any one publication in this -heaven-favored land.—The Times, Selma, Ala.</p> - -<p class="tb">The News notes with pleasure the efforts of -the <span class="smcap">Southern States</span> to bring into favorable -notice the great advantages the South -possesses in the agricultural field, and every -Southerner who loves the Southland should -secure a copy of the <span class="smcap">Southern States</span> for -February, as it contains the experience of men -who have given different localities in the South -a fair trial in the agricultural line, and we are -glad to see from the actual experience of men -who are capable of judging that the South -ranks second to no other section in farm production, -and is way above them all in the successful -production of fruit.—Chattanooga -(Tenn.) News.</p> - -<p class="tb">This magazine is doing a splendid work for -the development of the South.—The Citizen, -Jacksonville, Fla.</p> - -<p class="tb">Every issue of the <span class="smcap">Southern States</span> marks -a literary and artistic improvement, which is -most gratifying to the people of the South, in -whose interests the magazine is published.—The -Post, Houston, Texas.</p> - -<p class="tb">One who has any thought of removing to -the South will find this magazine a most valuable -guide.—Western Farmer, Lafayette, Ind.</p> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's The Southern States, March, 1894, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SOUTHERN STATES, MARCH, 1894 *** - -***** This file should be named 53231-h.htm or 53231-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/3/2/3/53231/ - -Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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