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} - .spacing3 { padding-left: 2.75em; } - </style> - </head> - <body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Taxicab Robbery, by James H. Collins - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: The Great Taxicab Robbery - A True Detective Story - -Author: James H. Collins - -Release Date: September 25, 2016 [EBook #53145] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GREAT TAXICAB ROBBERY *** - - - - -Produced by ellinora and The Online Distributed Proofreading -Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from -images generously made available by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div>Transcriber’s Note</div> - </div> -</div> - - <ul class='ul_1'> - <li>Obvious spelling and punctuation errors have been corrected. - </li> - <li class='c000'>Spelling variations have been kept as in the original. - </li> - <li class='c000'>The cover has been created by the transcriber from elements in the book and - has been placed in the public domain. - </li> - </ul> -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c001' /> -</div> -<div class='figcenter id001'> -<img src='images/cover.jpg' alt='cover' class='ig001' /> -</div> -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c001' /> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div><span class='xlarge'>THE GREAT</span></div> - <div><span class='xlarge'>TAXICAB ROBBERY</span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c001' /> -</div> - -<div id='rw' class='figcenter id002'> -<img src='images/image004.jpg' alt='RHINELANDER WALDO, Commissioner of Police, New York City' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>RHINELANDER WALDO<br />Commissioner of Police, New York City</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c001' /> -</div> - -<div> - <h1 class='c003'><span class='xlarge'>THE GREAT <br /> TAXICAB ROBBERY</span></h1> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c001'> - <div><span class='large'><i>A True Detective Story</i></span></div> - <div class='c001'>BY</div> - <div><span class='large'>JAMES H. COLLINS</span></div> - <div class='c001'>WRITTEN FROM RECORDS AND PERSONAL ACCOUNTS</div> - <div>OF THE CASE FURNISHED BY THE NEW</div> - <div>YORK POLICE DEPARTMENT</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c004'> - <div><span class='small'>NEW YORK</span></div> - <div>JOHN LANE COMPANY</div> - <div><span class='small'>MCMXII</span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c001' /> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div><span class='small'><span class='sc'>Copyright, 1912, by</span></span></div> - <div><span class='small'>JOHN LANE COMPANY</span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c001' /> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div>This book has something to say about practical</div> - <div>results of wiser police administration in New</div> - <div>York. It is respectfully dedicated to</div> - <div class='c001'><span class='large'>HON. WILLIAM J. GAYNOR</span></div> - <div class='c001'><span class='xsmall'>MAYOR OF NEW YORK CITY</span></div> - <div class='c001'>the official who took the initiative in improving</div> - <div>conditions</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c001' /> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_7'>7</span> - <h2 class='c005'>PREFACE</h2> -</div> - -<p class='c006'>There are several reasons for this -little book, but the best of all is the -main reason—that it is a cracking -good story, and right out of life. The -characters will be found interesting, and -they are real people, every one of them. -The incidents are full of action and color. -The plot has mystery, surprise, interplay -of mind and motive—had a novelist invented -it, the reader might declare it -improbable. This is the kind of story -that is fundamental—the kind Mr. Chesterton -says is so necessary to plain people -that, when writers do not happen to -write it, plain people invent it for themselves -in the form of folk-lore.</p> - -<p class='c007'>But apart from the story interest there -are other reasons.</p> - -<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_8'>8</span>When the New York police department -had run down all the threads of -the plot, and accounted for most of the -characters by locking them up, they had -become so absorbed in the story themselves, -as a story, that they thought the -public would enjoy following it from the -inside.</p> - -<p class='c007'>While the crime was being dealt with, -the police were subjected to pretty severe -criticism. They felt that the facts would -make it clear that they knew their trade -and had been working at it diligently.</p> - -<p class='c007'>The story gives an insight into real -police methods. These are very different -from the methods of the fiction detective, -and also from the average citizen’s idea -of police work. They ought to be better -known. When the public understands -that there is nothing secret, tyrannical or -dangerous in good police practice, and -that our laws safeguard even the guilty -against abuses, there will be helpful public -opinion behind officers of the law, and -<span class='pageno' id='Page_9'>9</span>we shall have a higher degree of order -and security.</p> - -<p class='c007'>The directing mind in this case was -that of Commissioner George Dougherty, -executive head of the detectives of -the New York Police Department. Thousands -of clean, ambitious young fellows -are constantly putting on the policeman’s -uniform all over the country, and rising -to places as detectives and officials. The -manufacturer or merchant may find himself -in the police commissioner’s chair. -Even the suburbanite, with his bundles, -may be, out at Lonesomehurst, a member -of the village council, and thus responsible -for the supervision of a police -force that, though it be only two patrolmen -and a chief, is important in its place. -So in writing the story there has been an -effort to show how a first-rate man like -Commissioner Dougherty works. His -methods are plain business methods. -Most of his life he has earned his living -following the policeman’s trade as a commercial -<span class='pageno' id='Page_10'>10</span>business. What he did in a case -of this kind, and how, and why, are matters -of general interest and importance.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Finally, the story throws some useful -light on criminals. It shows the cunning -of the underworld, and also its limitations. -To free the law-abiding mind of -romantic notions about the criminal, and -show him as he is, is highly important -in the prevention of crime.</p> -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c001' /> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_11'>11</span> - <h2 class='c005'>LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS</h2> -</div> - -<table class='table0' summary=''> -<colgroup> -<col width='86%' /> -<col width='13%' /> -</colgroup> - <tr> - <th class='c008'></th> - <th class='c009'>FACING PAGE</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c008'><a href='#rw'>Rhinelander Waldo</a>, Commissioner of Police, New York City</td> - <td class='c010'> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c011'><i>Frontispiece</i></td> - <td class='c010'> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c008'><a href='#gsd'>George S. Dougherty</a>, Second Deputy Police Commissioner</td> - <td class='c010'>20</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c008'><a href='#eph'>Edward P. Hughes</a>, Inspector in Command of Detective Bureau, and <a href='#dgr'>Dominick G. Riley</a>, Lieutenant and Aide to Commissioner Dougherty</td> - <td class='c010'>40</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c008'><a href='#gm'>Geno Montani</a>, <a href='#ek'>Eddie Kinsman</a>, <a href='#gs'>Gene Splaine</a>, <a href='#stl'>“Scotty the Lamb”</a> and <a href='#jm'>John Molloy</a></td> - <td class='c010'>60</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c008'><a href='#jp'>James Pasquale</a>, <a href='#bd'>Bob Delio</a>, <a href='#ja'>Jess Albrazzo</a>, and <a href='#ma'>Matteo Arbrano</a></td> - <td class='c010'>80</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c008'><a href='#scotty'>“Scotty” Receives Final Instructions</a></td> - <td class='c010'>110</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c008'><a href='#brigands'>“The Brigands” “Stick-up” the Hold-up Men for Theirs</a></td> - <td class='c010'>126</td> - </tr> -</table> -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c001' /> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_13'>13</span> - <h2 class='c005'>THE CAST</h2> -</div> - - <ul class='ul_1 c004'> - <li><span class='sc'>Geno Montani</span>, a taxicab proprietor. - </li> - <li><span class='sc'>Wilbur Smith</span>, an elderly bank teller. - </li> - <li><span class='sc'>Frank Wardle</span>, a seventeen-year-old bank office boy. - </li> - <li><span class='sc'>Eddie Kinsman</span>, alias “Collins,” alias “Eddie the Boob,” a - hold-up man. - </li> - <li><span class='sc'>Billy Keller</span>, alias “Dutch,” a hold-up man. - </li> - <li><span class='sc'>Gene Splaine</span>, a hold-up man. - </li> - <li>“<span class='sc'>Scotty the Lamb</span>,” a thieves’ helper, or “stall.” - </li> - <li><span class='sc'>Joe Philadelphia</span>, alias “The Kid,” a runner for thieves, or - “lobbygow.” - </li> - <li><span class='sc'>James Pasquale</span>, alias “Jimmy the Push,” keeper of shady - resorts known as “208” and “233.” - </li> - <li><span class='sc'>Bob Deilio</span>, partner of “Jimmy the Push.” - </li> - <li><span class='sc'>Jess Albrazzo</span>, a middleman, formerly keeper of the Arch Café, - pal of Montani, “Jimmy the Push” and Bob Deilio. - </li> - <li><span class='sc'>Matteo Arbrano</span>, <span class="spacing2">}</span> - </li> - <li><span class='sc'>Pauli Gonzales</span>, <span class="spacing3">}</span> The “Three - Brigands.” - </li> - <li><span class='sc'>Charles Cavagnaro</span>, <span class="spacing1">}</span> - </li> - <li>“<span class='sc'>King Dodo</span>,” a Bowery character. - </li> - <li><span class='sc'>Rhinelander Waldo</span>, Police Commissioner of New York. - </li> - <li><span class='sc'>George S. Dougherty</span>, Second Deputy Police Commissioner, - executive head of detectives. - </li> - <li><span class='sc'>Inspector Edward P. Hughes</span>, in command of Detective Bureau. - </li> - <li><span class='sc'>Police Lieutenant Dominick G. Riley</span>, Aide of Commissioner - Dougherty’s staff. - </li> - <li><span class='sc'>Detective Sergt John J. O’Connell</span>, Official Stenographer. - </li> - <li><span class='pageno' id='Page_14'>14</span><span class='sc'>The Detectives</span> on “Plants,” “Trailing,” “Surrounding,” - “Arresting,” etc.: - </li> - </ul> -<p class='c012'>John P. Barron, Edward Boyle, Frank Campbell, -James Dalton, James J. Finan, John W. Finn, Joseph A. -Daly, Daniel W. Clare, John Gaynor, Anthony Grieco, -John P. Griffith, Daniel F. Hallihan, Edward Lennon, -Henry Mugge, Richard Oliver, Gustavus J. Riley, James -F. Shevlin, Joseph Toner, George Trojan, James A. -Watson.</p> - <ul class='ul_1 c001'> - <li>“<span class='sc'>Swede Annie</span>,” Kinsman’s sweetheart. - </li> - <li><span class='sc'>Myrtle Horn</span>, a pal of Annie. - </li> - <li><span class='sc'>Rose Levy</span>, a newcomer in Thompson street, Jess Albrazzo’s - girl. - </li> - <li><span class='sc'>Mrs. Isabella Goodwin</span>, a police matron. - </li> - <li><span class='sc'>Mrs. Sullivan</span>, keeper of a West Side rooming house. - </li> - <li>“<span class='sc'>Josie</span>,” a lady of the Levee district, Chicago. - </li> - </ul> - -<p class='c013'>Detectives, policemen, informants, witnesses, denizens of the -underworld, newspaper reporters, trainmen, ticket sellers, -etc., etc.</p> -<hr class='c014' /> - -<p class='c015'><span class='sc'>Place</span>—Chiefly in New York, with Scenes in Chicago, -Albany, Memphis, Boston and Montreal.</p> - -<p class='c015'><span class='sc'>Time</span>—February and March, 1912.</p> -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c001' /> -</div> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_15'>15</span> - <h2 class='c005'><span class='xlarge'>The <br /> Great Taxicab Robbery</span></h2> -</div> - -<div> - <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER I <br /> <span class='small'>WHAT THE PUBLIC HEARD ABOUT THE CRIME</span></h2> -</div> - -<p class='drop-capa_2__6 c016'>On Thursday, February 15, 1912, -the New York evening papers had -a startling news story.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Between ten and eleven o’clock that -morning two messengers were sent in a -taxicab from the East River National -Bank, at Broadway and Third street, -to draw $25,000 in currency from the -Produce Exchange National Bank, at -Broadway and Beaver street, in the -downtown financial district, and bring it -uptown. This transfer of money had -been made several times a week for so -<span class='pageno' id='Page_16'>16</span>long a period without danger or loss that -the messengers were unarmed. One of -them, Wilbur F. Smith, was an old man -who had been in the service of the bank -thirty-five years, and the other was a mere -boy, named Wardle, seventeen years old. -The taxicab man, an Italian named Geno -Montani, seemed almost a trusted employee, -too, for he operated two cabs -from a stand near the bank, and was frequently -called upon for such trips.</p> - -<p class='c007'>While the cab was returning uptown -through Church street with the money, -five men suddenly closed in upon it. According -to the chauffeur’s story, a sixth -man forced him to slacken speed by -stumbling in front of the vehicle. Immediately -two men on each side of the -cab opened the doors. Two assailants -were boosted in and quickly beat the -messengers into insensibility, while their -two helpers ran along on the sidewalk. -The fifth man climbed onto the seat beside -the chauffeur, held a revolver to his -ribs, and ordered him to drive fast on -<span class='pageno' id='Page_17'>17</span>peril of his life. This fellow seemed to -be familiar with automobiles, and -threatened the driver when he tried to -slacken speed. That is a busy part of -the city. Yet nobody on the sidewalks -seemed to notice anything out of the ordinary. -The cab dodged vehicles, going -at high speed for several blocks. At -Park Place and Church street, after a -trip of eleven blocks, at a busy corner, -the chauffeur was ordered to stop the -cab, and the three robbers got down, -carrying the $25,000 in a leather bag, -ran quickly to a black automobile without -a license number which was waiting -for them, and in a few moments were -gone.</p> - -<p class='c007'>That was the substance of the story.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Information came chiefly from the -chauffeur, because the two bank employees -had been attacked so suddenly -and viciously that they lost consciousness -in a moment. When the chauffeur -looked inside his cab after the crime, he -said, he saw them both lying senseless -<span class='pageno' id='Page_18'>18</span>and bleeding. They could give no description -of the assailants. Eye-witnesses -were found who had seen men loitering -in the neighborhood where the cab was -boarded shortly before the crime, but -their descriptions were not very useful.</p> - -<p class='c007'>That night the New York evening papers -published accounts of the crime under -great black headlines, and on the following -morning every news item of a -criminal nature was grouped in the same -part of the papers to prove that the city -had entered one of its sensational “waves -of crime.” And for more than a week the -public read criticism and denunciation of -the police force.</p> - -<p class='c007'>It was charged that the police had -become “demoralized,” and various -changes of administrative policy introduced -into the department within the past -eight months were blindly denounced.</p> - -<p class='c007'>The most important of these changes -was that devised by Mayor Gaynor. -Eight or ten years ago, every uniformed -<span class='pageno' id='Page_19'>19</span>policeman in New York carried a club, -and often used it freely in defending -himself while making arrests. Abuses -led to the abolition of this means of defense -except for officers patrolling the -streets at night. There were still undoubted -abuses, however, and when -Mayor Gaynor came into office, bringing -well-thought-out opinions of police -administration from his experience as a -magistrate on the bench, he took a determined -stand for more humane methods -of making arrests, and strict holding -of every policeman to the letter of the -laws. Every case of clubbing was prosecuted, -the plain legal rights of citizens -or criminals upheld, and the Police Department -began teaching its men new -ways of defending themselves by skillful -holds in wrestling whereby prisoners -may be handled effectually and without -doing them harm. Sentiment against the -use of the club began to grow in the Police -Department itself, it being recognized -<span class='pageno' id='Page_20'>20</span>that clubbing was an unskillful -means of defense, and that special athletic -devices were more workmanlike.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Now, however, the newspapers published -every chance opinion of discharged, -retired and anonymous police -officers who objected to the new regulations. -It was alleged that criminals had -got out of bounds because policemen no -longer dared club them into good behavior, -and the editors, without paying -much attention to the many good points -of the new regulations, or trying to understand -the merits of a settled policy -applied to an organization of more than -ten thousand men, set up a cry for the -presumably “good old days” of Inspector -So-and-So and Chief This-and-That, -when every known criminal was promptly -struck over the head on sight and -thereby taught to know his place. If the -files of New York journals for those days -following the robbery are examined they -will reveal a curious exhibition of pleading -for official lawlessness and autocracy.</p> -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c001' /> -</div> - -<div id='gsd' class='figcenter id003'> -<img src='images/image023.jpg' alt='GEORGE S. DOUGHERTY Second Deputy Police Commissioner' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>GEORGE S. DOUGHERTY<br />Second Deputy Police Commissioner</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_21'>21</span>Another point of criticism centered on -a new method adopted in the distribution -of the detective force. This comprises -more than five hundred men. For years -they were all required to report at Police -Headquarters every day, coming -from distant precincts, and had an opportunity -to see whatever professional -criminals were under arrest. Then they -went back to different precincts to work. -This took too much time, it was found, -and the old-fashioned “line-up” of criminals -was chiefly a spectacle, the same offenders -dropping into the hands of the -police with more or less regularity. So -detectives were re-distributed on a plan -that attaches a proper number of plain-clothes -policemen to each precinct, according -to its needs, and in those precincts -the men live and become acquainted -with local criminals. Many of them -work in sections where they were born, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_22'>22</span>and detectives speaking foreign languages -are assigned to foreign quarters.</p> - -<p class='c007'>The newspapers charged that red-tape -had brought the Police Department to -such a low state that young detectives -had no idea what a real criminal looked -like, and urged the restoration of the old -system, with its picturesque “line-up.”</p> - -<p class='c007'>In the days of Inspector Byrnes, when -practically all the banking of the city -was done around Wall Street, the police -established a “dead line” beyond which -criminals were supposed not to operate. -In its day, the “dead line” was real -enough, undoubtedly. But it was not -necessarily an ideal police measure, and -the growth of the city has long made it a -mere memory, living only in newspaper -tradition. To-day, banking extends as -far north as Central Park, and millions -upon millions of dollars are being carried -about daily by people of every sort. -Despite the fact that the last loss of -money from a New York bank through -<span class='pageno' id='Page_23'>23</span>professional criminals (apart from fraud -and forgery) dated back some fifteen or -eighteen years, the newspapers seemed to -agree that life and property were no -longer safe in the city because this purely -mythical “dead line” had been disregarded -by the robbers.</p> - -<p class='c007'>There was other comment of the same -character, and it had an immediate and -grievous effect.</p> - -<p class='c007'>On the day after the robbery a chance -remark about a safe in an East Side bank, -coupled with the general excitement, led -to a run of its depositors, chiefly people -of foreign birth. The bank was solvent, -and the run was undoubtedly stimulated -by gossip started by criminals for their -own ends. But the frightened depositors -insisted on drawing out their money, and -exposing themselves to danger of robbery -and assault. The situation was met -by careful police co-operation.</p> - -<p class='c007'>About six months before the taxicab -robbery, the New York legislature put -<span class='pageno' id='Page_24'>24</span>into force a measure known as the “Sullivan -law,” providing penalties for the -carrying of pistols and concealed weapons. -This is unquestionably a wise measure -fundamentally, and one that was -badly needed for police administration -and public safety. It is perhaps open to -certain modifications, to be made as actual -conditions are encountered in practical -working of the law. Newspaper opinion -drew a connection between this law and -the “wave of crime,” and its repeal was -urged, so that every citizen might arm -himself as he pleased. Hundreds of persons -who had felt safe in going about -their business unarmed now applied for -permits to carry pistols.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Fortunately, a sensation does not last -long in New York.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Though the Police Department felt -this criticism keenly, and was hampered -by it, pressure began to slacken in about -a week. Other sensations came along. -There was nothing to publish about the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_25'>25</span>taxicab case, as police information was -withheld for good official reasons. Presently -the town ventured to joke about the -case. At an elaborate public dinner one -night, among other topical effects, a -dummy taxicab suddenly scooted out before -the guests, held up a dummy police -commissioner, took his watch, and scooted -away again. The diners laughed, and -that was fairly representative of the town, -which was now ready to have its joke -about the crime, too. Had there never -been any further action by the police, the -case would have quietly dropped out of -sight. But fortunately there was police -action, and with that we shall now deal.</p> -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c001' /> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_26'>26</span> - <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER II <br /> <span class='small'>HOW THE CRIME WAS HANDLED BY THE POLICE—ON THE TRAIL</span></h2> -</div> - -<p class='drop-capa_2__6 c016'>Now, let us follow the police story. -We will begin at the very beginning, -watch the incidents and -character unfold, and give quite a little -attention to the technical methods by -which results were arrived at. For the -story is a study in clean, straightforward -detective work, and that work ought to -be better known by the public, so that intelligent -public opinion may back up -honest police effort.</p> - -<p class='c007'>The story starts with a burly, genial -man, sitting in a big office at Police -Headquarters. The office is that of the -Second Deputy Police Commissioner, -and the man is the Commissioner himself, -George S. Dougherty.</p> - -<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_27'>27</span>Commissioner Dougherty dominates -the story. The taxicab robbers were -caught by his methods, plans and supervision, -backed by the splendid team work -of the men under him. His own sources -of information supplied the clues, and -his personal skill in examining criminals -brought out the confessions that saved the -city the expense of trials with all but one -offender. It is far from the writer’s wish -to indulge in hero-worship, however, so -these details will appear in their proper -place in the narrative.</p> - -<p class='c007'>George Dougherty has had nearly -twenty-five years’ experience in criminal -work in New York, and over the whole -country. Until his appointment by -Mayor Gaynor in May, 1911, he was connected -with the Pinkerton organization. -Bank and financial crimes have long been -his specialty, so the taxicab case fell right -into his own province. He knows the -ways of forgers, bank sneaks, swindlers, -burglars and “yeggmen,” and is personally -<span class='pageno' id='Page_28'>28</span>acquainted with most of the criminals -in those lines in and out of prison. -He has also had much to do with protecting -the crowds at races, ball games, aeronautic -meetings and other big gatherings. -As executive head of the detective bureau, -five hundred plain-clothes policemen -scattered over Greater New York cover -all crimes of a local and routine nature, -and are subject to his call when a special -case like the taxicab robbery comes up -for his personal attention.</p> - -<p class='c007'>On an ordinarily quiet morning at Police -Headquarters, there will be a steady -stream of people passing into Dougherty’s -office. Several assistants guard the -doors leading from two ante-rooms, and -marshal the visitors. Now a group of detectives -enters and hears a talk on methods. -Then two detectives come in, make -a report and receive further instructions. -Then there will be an interruption, perhaps, -while an assistant soothes and sends -away a crank who occasionally turns up -<span class='pageno' id='Page_29'>29</span>with a purely imaginary affair of his own, -and two more detectives pass in accompanied -by a man and a woman who look -just like the people one sees dining at a -fashionable uptown restaurant. The woman’s -furs are magnificent, and her hat -a costly Fifth avenue creation.</p> - -<p class='c007'>“A couple of taxpayers?” speculates -the group of reporters, waiting outside to -get a statement about some important -case.</p> - -<p class='c007'>“Two of the cleverest check swindlers -in the country,” corrects a detective, and -presently the reporters are called in, and -Dougherty recites names, dates and facts -connected with the gang to which these -prosperous “taxpayers” belong, gazing -reflectively out of the window as details -come back in memory, and chuckling -with the delighted journalists as the pithy -slang and professional names of the underworld -are jotted down on their pads. -They fire a scattering volley of questions -at him and depart, and then his secretary -<span class='pageno' id='Page_30'>30</span>announces that the saloon-keeper who -knows a good deal about the Blind -Puppy Café case is outside, but refuses -to talk to the police at all.</p> - -<p class='c007'>“Hullo!” is the Commissioner’s off-hand -greeting as the cautious saloon-keeper -comes in, and in two minutes the -latter is answering questions freely.</p> - -<p class='c007'>“Why, say!” he exclaims, “I’ll tell <em>you</em> -anything.”</p> - -<p class='c007'>Then a humble little woman in a cheap -hat and a long cloak is brought in. For -more than an hour she has been waiting -outside, with her eyes fixed patiently on -the door leading to the inner office.</p> - -<p class='c007'>“Stand there,” says the Commissioner, -with gruff kindness, and he makes a formal -statement about her husband, who -has been arrested with a criminal gang, -and is pretty certain to go to prison. He -tells her what has been done in the case, -and what will follow, and the little woman -listens mutely. When he finishes, -her eyes fill with tears. But she makes -<span class='pageno' id='Page_31'>31</span>no reply, nor any sound. The Commissioner -winks fast as he looks out of the -window again, and then says, sympathetically:</p> - -<p class='c007'>“That’s the best that can be done. But -don’t you worry. Come in and see me -again. Keep in touch with me, and don’t -worry yourself. Come in and talk with -me—come in to-morrow.” And she -bravely wipes her eyes and goes out with -her trouble.</p> - -<p class='c007'>The procession continues.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Police captains and detectives in -squads, prisoners and witnesses in twos -and threes, newspaper men in corps and -singly, and occasionally a cautious gentleman -who wants to see the Commissioner -alone, and is anxious that nobody -say anything about this visit to Police -Headquarters—for he is an informant.</p> - -<h3 class='c017'><i>The First Alarm</i></h3> - -<p class='c018'>The taxicab robbery took place on a -quiet morning like this.</p> - -<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_32'>32</span>Suddenly, around eleven o’clock on -Thursday, February 15, a brief message -comes from the second precinct, stating -that a robbery has been committed in the -financial district. A little later there is a -fuller report over police wires. The details -are few, as will be seen by the general -alarm that presently goes out over -the city:</p> - -<p class='c019'><i>Police Department, City of New York</i>,</p> -<div class='c020'>February 15, 1912.</div> - -<p class='c021'>To all, all Boroughs—notify the patrol -platoon immediately.</p> - -<p class='c021'>Arrest for assault and robbery three men:</p> - -<p class='c021'>No. 1, about 35 years, five feet eight or -nine inches in height, 160 or 170 pounds, -small stubby dark mustache, dark complexion, -medium build, dark suit and cap, -no overcoat.</p> - -<p class='c021'>No. 2, about 35 years, five feet ten inches -in height, slender build, dark hair, possibly -smooth shaven, light brown suit, no overcoat, -wore a cap.</p> - -<p class='c021'>No description of No. 3.</p> - -<p class='c021'>Stole $25,000 in five and ten dollar bills, -contained in a brown leather telescope bag, -24 inches long, 16 inches square, from two -<span class='pageno' id='Page_33'>33</span>bank messengers in a taxicab about 11 this -a. m., at Park Place and Church Street, and -escaped in a five or seven-seated black touring -car, top up. Look out for this car, bag -and occupants on streets, at ferry entrances, -bridge terminals, railroad stations. Inquire -at all garages, automobile stands, stables, -etc.</p> - -<p class='c021'>If found, notify Detective Bureau.</p> - -<p class='c018'>Before noon, the Commissioner has -postponed appointments, assigned routine -business, and is engaged in an investigation -that will keep him busy until -that morning, twelve days later, when the -first arrests are made, and the case is, in -police parlance, “broken.”</p> - -<p class='c007'>Where do the police begin in such a -crime? What do they start with when -there is apparently so little to work upon?</p> - -<p class='c007'>In spite of the wide popular interest -in police and criminal matters, the average -citizen has no very clear idea. Even -the newspaper reporter, following police -activities every day, is not well informed -in technical details. Some information -<span class='pageno' id='Page_34'>34</span>is necessarily withheld from him, and he -is a busy young man, with his own technical -viewpoint, working hard to get his -own kind of information.</p> - -<p class='c007'>This lack of knowledge leads to a feeling -of mystery, helplessness and terror -after a sensational crime, and to criticism -of the police. They are at work, skillfully, -honestly, diligently. But results -take time. It would do little good to -make arrests without evidence. The citizen’s -sympathies are aroused by brutal -lawlessness, and he urges that somebody -be caught and punished. If results are -not at once apparent, he jumps to the conclusion -that the police are “demoralized.” -He would be startled if he could -see how quickly and persistently the underworld -takes steps to strengthen him in -that conclusion, and use him to discredit -the police.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Sixty detectives are immediately called -into the case. Five of them go down to -the scene of the robbery, with orders to -<span class='pageno' id='Page_35'>35</span>work there until further notice. They -make a thorough search of the neighborhood, -following the route taken by Montani’s -taxicab, and questioning merchants, -newsdealers, porters, truckmen and other -persons likely to have information as eye-witnesses. -They go through the streets -that may have been taken by the escaping -robbers, and work over the whole ground. -This search through one of the busiest -sections of New York in a busy hour, -amid the excitement created by the crime, -may appear like hopeless business. But, -as will be seen presently, it yields important -results. Other detectives search garages -for the black automobile without a -license number in which the robbers are -reported to have got away. Four uniformed -policemen on beats along the -route taken by the taxicab are questioned. -Other detailed inquiries of the same nature -are started.</p> - -<p class='c007'>But the most important work of the -first day centers at Police Headquarters, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_36'>36</span>where a conference is held by Commissioner -Dougherty and his assistants, and -in the examination of Montani, the taxicab -driver.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Strip all the labels off a suit of clothes -and lay it before a committee of tailors. -In a few moments certain points would -be agreed upon. It may be a new suit, -or an old one, a fine piece of tailoring, -or a cheap hand-me-down. The committee -could often identify the cheap suit -and tell the name of its manufacturer, -while with a seventy-five-dollar suit it -might be possible to determine the -maker’s name. This holds true of many -other lines of work, and it is particularly -true of criminal investigation.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Who cut and made that suit of clothes?</p> - -<p class='c007'>The conference sat down to determine -this, judging the robbery strictly as a -piece of workmanship. Names of known -bank criminals were brought up, one by -one, and details gone over. It soon became -clear that none of the men identified -<span class='pageno' id='Page_37'>37</span>with bank crime were likely to have the -brains, skill or organization to plan and -execute so complicated a robbery.</p> - -<p class='c007'>The criminals had known the habits of -the bank in conveying cash uptown. They -knew the route, and were aware that the -guard was only an elderly man and a seventeen-year-old -boy, both unarmed. They -had boarded the cab at the best point, and -evidently made arrangements for stopping -it. There was team work in every -detail. It showed marked insight, for instance, -to provide additional men to boost -each assailant in at the doors. For young -Wardle, the bank employee, had made a -plucky attempt to shove his robber out -and shut the door, and might have succeeded -had there not been an outside man. -Robberies are committed under exciting -conditions. They sometimes fail because -criminals balk. That outside man was -there not only to help his “slugger” into -the cab, but to <em>force</em> him in if he shrank, -and make certain he did his work. Whoever -<span class='pageno' id='Page_38'>38</span>planned such details, it was agreed -at the conference, possessed more cunning -than the ordinary bank criminal.</p> - -<h3 class='c017'><i>Montani is Examined.</i></h3> - -<p class='c018'>When Montani, the taxicab driver, arrived -at Police Headquarters, he was -willing to talk, and seemed anxious to -help the police in every way. He knew -suspicion might be directed toward himself, -but did not resent that. He talked -like a man confident of the truth of his -story, and certain that he would be found -blameless.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Montani is an Italian, from the northern -part of Italy, about 30 years old, five -feet six inches high, rather stout and -thick-set, with very dark complexion. -The striking feature of his countenance, -his large, intelligent brown eyes. Commissioner -Dougherty found himself -thinking of Napoleon in connection with -Montani.</p> - -<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_39'>39</span>The first examination lasted all afternoon, -Montani going out to lunch with -the Commissioner. Hundreds of questions -were asked bearing on the robbery, -the appearance of the criminals, and -Montani’s past and personal affairs. The -story was gone over again and again, and -different questioners relieved each other. -Yet the taxicab man never lost his temper -or patience, and did not contradict himself -in any important particular.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Montani had been in this country since -the age of twelve, it appeared, had a wife -and two children, and was the owner of -two taxicabs operated from a stand at a -hotel near the bank, whose money he regularly -carried. He had owned three -cabs, but lost one through business reverses. -In fact, he had passed through -money troubles, and his story excited sympathy. -Starting originally as a truckman -for a salvage company, his ambition and -intelligence had won him such confidence -that this company lent him money to set -<span class='pageno' id='Page_40'>40</span>up trucking for himself. Still more ambitious, -he had become a taxicab proprietor. -Through the trickery of an ill-chosen -partner, however, he has lost some -of his savings. He seemed a little bitter -about this, and it was a circumstance not -likely to escape an expert police examiner, -for the loss of money through fraud, -coupled with temptation, is often the -starting point in crime. The Italian’s -former employers spoke highly of his -character when questioned by detectives. -He gave the names of chauffeurs who had -worked for him lately, and of business -people who knew him, and careful investigation -failed to disclose any suspicious -circumstances. Montani quite won the -newspaper men—so much so that, when -he was discharged in court a few days -later for apparent lack of evidence, the -newspapers criticised the police for having -held him at all.</p> - -<p class='c007'>And yet, before that first night, Montani -himself, largely through simple answers -to questions, had become so involved -that there was ground for holding -him under arrest.</p> -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c001' /> -</div> - -<div id='eph' class='figcenter id004'> -<img src='images/image045a.jpg' alt='EDWARD P. HUGHES Inspector in Command of Detective Bureau' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>EDWARD P. HUGHES<br />Inspector in Command of Detective Bureau</p> -</div> -</div> - -<div id='dgr' class='figcenter id004'> -<img src='images/image045b.jpg' alt='DOMINICK G. RILEY Lieutenant and Aide to Commissioner Dougherty' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>DOMINICK G. RILEY<br />Lieutenant and Aide to Commissioner Dougherty</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_41'>41</span>In the questions and cross-questions, -the checks and counter-checks of a skillful -examiner, there are possibilities little -suspected by those not familiar with that -kind of work.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Montani had slowed down his cab at -the point where the robbers boarded it. -He said that an old man had suddenly -got in front, and he had slackened speed -to avoid running over him. But detectives -along the route found eye-witnesses -who had seen the robbers board the cab, -and who could testify that there had been -nobody in front of the vehicle.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Both of his cabs had stood in line near -the bank that morning, the one driven by -himself being second, and the other, in -charge of an employee, was first. When -the call came from the bank, Montani -answered it himself out of his turn, sending -the other cab uptown, as he explained, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_42'>42</span>to have some tires vulcanized. But it was -not a good explanation.</p> - -<p class='c007'>He said that as soon as the robbers left -his cab he had raised a cry for help. But -eye-witnesses were found who denied this.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Instead of running north after the robbers’ -automobile when he had taken a policeman -aboard his cab, he ran south, -away from it. This action, he maintained, -was taken under orders from the -policeman. But the latter denied that.</p> - -<p class='c007'>He was not able to explain how the -robbers had known where to post their -automobile so it would be waiting at the -spot where they finished their work.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Interest centered in this mysterious -black automobile without a license number. -For, though Montani was an experienced -chauffeur, and his replies to other -questions showed that he had seen both -the rear and the side of that car, he was -unable to tell its make.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Meanwhile, it was learned that three -men had hurriedly boarded an elevated -<span class='pageno' id='Page_43'>43</span>train near the scene of the robbery shortly -after, not waiting for change from a quarter. -The ticket-seller was unable to describe -them, but connected them with the -robbery when he heard about it.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Montani was held in the custody of the -Commissioner that night, to be put -through further examination in the morning. -But long before morning the police -were working on an entirely new development.</p> - -<h3 class='c017'><i>The First Direct Clue</i></h3> - -<p class='c018'>The law-abiding citizen goes around -New York with little knowledge of the -crowding underworld all about him. It -is perhaps just as well that he knows -nothing of the lives and morals of hundreds -of people who elbow him on the -streets, sit beside him in the cars, and -scrutinize him with a strictly professional -eye in many places.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Nor has he any clear conception of the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_44'>44</span>relations that a good police officer maintains -with members of this underworld. -It is a world just as complete as that of -business or society, however, and much of -the time of a detective or police official is -spent keeping track of people in it, forming -acquaintances and connections in various -ways, and establishing the organization -of informants that will help in the -detection and prevention of crime. A -good detective is like a good salesman—he -keeps track of his “trade.”</p> - -<p class='c007'>Shortly after midnight of the first day, -Commissioner Dougherty received a message -over the telephone that sent him uptown -to meet an informant. At two -o’clock in the morning of Friday, February -16, he and this person had a talk at a -fashionable uptown hotel. Indeed, most -of the meetings with informants during -this case were held at two well-known hotels, -perhaps the last places in the city -that anybody would connect with such -conferences.</p> - -<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_45'>45</span>Informants are not always right, nor -always possessed of useful information. -But this one had the first real clue.</p> - -<p class='c007'>On the afternoon of the robbery, it was -learned, a fellow known as “Eddie Collins” -had come to his rooming house, on -the lower West Side, told a woman with -whom he lived, known as “Swede Annie,” -to pack up and be ready to leave the -city in a hurry, and presently disappeared -with her. He was also reported to have -a large roll of money. With a rough estimate -of the size of this roll, given by -the informant, and a dummy roll of -“stage money” made up for the purpose, -the police were able to judge that Collins -must have had between $3,000 and $5,000. -That would have been his probable share -in a division of the stolen currency among -five men.</p> - -<p class='c007'>The house where Collins had lived was -kept by a Mrs. Sullivan. Steps were at -once taken to “surround” this woman, as -the operation is known technically. For -<span class='pageno' id='Page_46'>46</span>before a possible source of information -like Mrs. Sullivan is followed up, it is -necessary to know something about it. -The person in question may be criminal, -or in league with the underworld. On -the other hand, he or she may be quite -innocent, and willing to aid the police. -The “surround” is an interesting operation. -It is often made without the knowledge -of the person investigated. In many -cases it takes time.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Mrs. Sullivan came through the ordeal -handsomely.</p> - -<p class='c007'>She proved to be a wholesome, hard-working -landlady, keeping a house that -sheltered occasional suspicious characters, -but entirely honest herself. She was not -only able to furnish information about -her late lodgers, but willing.</p> - -<p class='c007'>“Sure, it’s a good deal I know about -that Collins, as he calls himself,” she said, -“and mighty little that’s good.”</p> - -<p class='c007'>It seems that about two weeks previously -Collins had offered to pay the landlady -<span class='pageno' id='Page_47'>47</span>if she would appear in a Brooklyn -court and testify to the good character of -a criminal named Molloy, who was being -held for trial on a charge of robbery.</p> - -<p class='c007'>“They’re paying fifteen to twenty dollars -for ‘character’ witnesses,” said her -lodger.</p> - -<p class='c007'>“And do you think I’d take the stand -and perjure myself swearing for a man -I never heard of?” asked the indignant -landlady.</p> - -<p class='c007'>“Oh, that’s nothing to some of the -things we do,” was the reply.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Several days later, while she was putting -some laundry into Collins’ bureau -drawer the landlady caught sight of two -new blackjacks. She asked Collins what -he was doing with such weapons.</p> - -<p class='c007'>“Aw, we use them in our business,” he -said. Then, with the confidence often -bred in criminals by success, he told her -he knew a gang that was planning to rob -a taxicab that carried money uptown to -a bank every week. Mrs. Sullivan questioned -<span class='pageno' id='Page_48'>48</span>him as to details, and he assured -her it would be an easy job.</p> - -<p class='c007'>“For we’ve got it all fixed with the -chauffeur,” he said.</p> - -<p class='c007'>At that point, however, like many an -honest person who might aid the police -with information, Mrs. Sullivan let the -matter drop out of her mind. It is a -simple thing to mail a letter or telephone -to Police Headquarters, giving such information, -and the experience of the Detective -Bureau is such that the information -can be investigated without involving -innocent persons. But perhaps Mrs. -Sullivan concluded that, in a big city like -New York, it is well for people to keep -their mouths shut. Or maybe she decided -that Collins was merely boasting.</p> - -<p class='c007'>On Friday, less than twenty-four hours -after the robbery, a “network investigation” -was begun.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Sixty detectives searched that part of -the city where Collins and Annie had -lived, seeking further information. Photograph -<span class='pageno' id='Page_49'>49</span>galleries and other places were -investigated on the chance of finding pictures. -Denizens of the underworld were -talked with casually. Professional criminals, -prostitutes, dive-keepers, receivers -of stolen goods and other shady characters -were brought before Commissioner -Dougherty in couples and half-dozens for -quick cross-examination. By Saturday -evening the police had some highly important -information.</p> - -<p class='c007'>It was learned that Annie had been seen -going away on the afternoon of the robbery -in a taxicab, accompanied by two -men, one of whom was Collins, and the -other unknown. Good descriptions were -secured of Annie and her sweetheart, especially -of her hat, which was a cheap -affair, but conspicuous by reason of a row -of little red roses. It was also discovered -that Collins had been a boxer, that he -hailed from Boston, and that his real -name was Eddie Kinsman. Finally, the -police secured two photographs, one an -<span class='pageno' id='Page_50'>50</span>indifferent picture of Kinsman, and the -other an excellent portrait of Annie. -These were quickly put through the department’s -photograph gallery, where -there are facilities for making duplicates -in a hurry, and more than a hundred -copies were soon ready for work -which will be described in its proper -place.</p> - -<p class='c007'>The trail now seemed to lead to Boston. -At all events, further information -was to be secured there. And here came -in a little refinement imparted by Commissioner -Dougherty’s experience with -the Pinkerton forces. For where this private -detective organization works unhampered -over the whole country, the official -police forces in most cities confine their -searches to their own territory. When it -is believed that criminals have left town, -as in this case, a general description is -telegraphed to other cities. Dougherty’s -method, however, is always to send a man -from his own staff, with detailed instructions. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_51'>51</span>There are no local boundaries for -him.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Late on Saturday night Inspector -Hughes, of the Detective Bureau, slipped -out of headquarters with Detective -O’Connell, and took a train for Boston. -Their departure was kept strictly secret. -They bid good night to associates, saying -that they expected to be up and at work -again early next morning, and until their -return on Monday everybody who asked -for the Inspector was told that “he is -usually around the building somewhere.”</p> - -<h3 class='c017'><i>Montani Points Out “King Dodo”</i></h3> - -<p class='c018'>All through Friday and Saturday, -while the network investigation was going -on, Commissioner Dougherty continued -his examination of Montani.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Some important information against -him now came from outside.</p> - -<p class='c007'>It developed that Montani had been -involved several months before in an insurance -<span class='pageno' id='Page_52'>52</span>case, claiming indemnity for a -burned automobile under a policy. He -had presented, as part of its value, a bill -for repairs amounting to $1,348. The insurance -company, however, had found -that this bill was fraudulent, that the repairs -had never been made, and had obtained -a statement to that effect from the -Italian chauffeur. Out of pity for his -wife and two children the case was not -pressed against him. Now that he was -involved in another crime, however, the -insurance people came forward and laid -the facts before the police.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Of course, Montani knew nothing -about this new development.</p> - -<p class='c007'>For two days the chauffeur was questioned -at intervals, and the inquiry centered -chiefly on the knotty points in his -story of the crime. He was particularly -pressed for better explanations of the -slackening of his cab when the robbers -boarded it, but stuck to his original statement -about a man getting in front of the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_53'>53</span>vehicle. He described this person as an -old man, and said he must have been in -league with the criminals. As the police -had good evidence that there had been -nobody in front of the taxicab, however, -this point was returned to again and -again, and toward night on Saturday, -February 17, the little chauffeur began -to feel the strain.</p> - -<p class='c007'>On his way to supper that evening with -men from the Detective Bureau, Montani -was taken through the Bowery. Suddenly -he stopped, dramatically, and exclaimed:</p> - -<p class='c007'>“There! That is the old man who got -in front of my cab!”</p> - -<p class='c007'>His finger indicated a Bowery character -as typical as anything ever seen in -melodrama—a ragged little old figure -with an amazing set of whiskers, engaged -in picking up cigar butts along the gutters. -He was immediately taken to headquarters.</p> - -<p class='c007'>No detail of his work interests Commissioner -<span class='pageno' id='Page_54'>54</span>Dougherty more keenly than -his study of the many picturesque characters -who turn up as an important case -unfolds. He has a ready appreciation of -everybody who appears, from the society -lady who lost her jewels to the typical -Bowery loafer. He is as ready to look -at facts from a criminal’s point of view as -that of an honest man. He has often gone -half across the country to get acquainted -with a good burglar, and in this warm -human interest lies the basis of his skill -as an examiner of suspects. These details -are set down, not in glorification of -Dougherty, but for the guidance of every -police officer interested in his methods.</p> - -<p class='c007'>The moment Dougherty laid eyes on -this new character, with his magnificent -whiskers, he gave him a nickname.</p> - -<p class='c007'>“King Dodo!” said the Commissioner, -and that by that name he was known in so -far as he figured in the case at all. “King -Dodo” proved to be entirely innocent, -and nothing more than the victim of -<span class='pageno' id='Page_55'>55</span>a chance move of Montani’s, who evidently -thought that he ought to produce -something tangible to back up his assertion -that the cab had been intercepted by -an old man. “King Dodo” established a -perfect alibi, proving that he had been -elsewhere at the time of the robbery, and -after being questioned and the truth of his -story established, he was released, there -being no reason for holding him.</p> - -<p class='c007'>“I feel safe,” said the Commissioner -solemnly, “in paroling you on your -own responsibility, to appear again if -wanted.”</p> - -<p class='c007'>That may have been a heavier responsibility -than had been put on his shoulders -in years. But he rose to it. Two -days later a decently dressed, clean -shaven, elderly gentleman came in and -asked for the Commissioner. He was “all -dolled up,” in police parlance, and looked -like a retired small shopkeeper. The -staff did not recognize him for a moment. -But it was “King Dodo,” doing his best -<span class='pageno' id='Page_56'>56</span>to fill the part of a minor figure in the -great taxicab mystery. There being nothing -for him to do, he dropped back into -private life.</p> - -<p class='c007'>On his Sunday visit to Boston Inspector -Hughes talked with Chief Inspector -Watts of that city, learned where Kinsman -lived, and that his family was a respectable -one; found a bright patrolman -named Dorsey who knew Kinsman, and -gave more information about his personal -appearance, habits and career as a -boxer, desertion from the Navy, and so -forth, and made arrangements to have -the Kinsman home watched so that news -of his return would be secured immediately. -It was clear that Kinsman had -not returned to Boston.</p> - -<h3 class='c017'><i>Discovery of Kinsman’s Trail</i></h3> - -<p class='c018'>As soon as Inspector Hughes returned -from Boston, on Monday morning, the -Commissioner took steps to question the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_57'>57</span>crews of every train that had left New -York since one p. m. on the day of the -robbery.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Just the other afternoon the writer sat -with a squad of young detectives at Police -Headquarters and heard a talk on -methods given by Dougherty, and one -point clearly brought out was the usefulness -to the thief-catcher of routine information.</p> - -<p class='c007'>He began by relating an amusing incident. -Some days before a detective had -turned up at headquarters for instruction, -and naïvely asked the Commissioner to -lend him a pencil and a slip of paper, so -he could make some notes. Another detective -was found who had only a hazy -idea of the location of New York’s telephone -exchanges. Taking these as his -text, the Commissioner explained the -value to every police officer of what might -be called “time-table” information—knowing -the depots and ferries, what -roads run out of them, the cities reached, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_58'>58</span>the number and character of trains, the -general methods of dispatching trains, -and so forth. The Commissioner himself -is as well informed on such matters as -any railroad man, and thoroughly familiar -with routine methods in many -other lines of work and business. How -such knowledge can be employed was -shown by the next move in the taxicab -case.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Detectives were sent to every railroad -terminal to secure lists of trains, learn the -names of the crews, and make out schedules -of the time when each crew would -be back in the city. Then each man was -found and carefully questioned. His -memory could be helped by pictures of -Kinsman and Annie, and by intimate details -of personal appearance and manner.</p> - -<p class='c007'>The search bore fruit, though it took -time.</p> - -<p class='c007'>On Wednesday Detective Watson, who -was a railroad engineer before he joined -the police, found that Train No. 13 on -<span class='pageno' id='Page_59'>59</span>the New York Central had taken on three -passengers answering the descriptions on -the afternoon of the robbery. They had -boarded the train at Peekskill, the town -to which, as it was subsequently learned, -they had ridden in a taxicab. The conductor’s -attention had been drawn to Annie -by her smoking a cigarette on the sly -in the toilet of the day coach. He remembered -her high cheek bones, and the -black velvet hat with its little roses, and -the athletic build of her men companions, -who both appeared to be boxers. It was -also established that the trio had gone to -Albany, for one of the trainmen distinctly -remembered helping Annie down at that -station.</p> - -<h3 class='c017'><i>“Plant 21” Is Established</i></h3> - -<p class='c018'>Monday, February 19, was an important -day in more ways than one.</p> - -<p class='c007'>While the train investigation was going -on, it was learned that a woman -known as “Myrtle Horn,” an intimate of -<span class='pageno' id='Page_60'>60</span>Annie’s, had moved to a lower West Side -rooming house, taking Annie’s trunk with -her, as though Annie expected to return -to the city. After a preliminary survey, -this house was visited by Commissioner -Dougherty in person. He explained that -he was a contractor, about to build a section -of the new subway, and that he was -looking for a quiet room at a reasonable -price where he might have some of the -comforts of home. After a little talk with -the landlady it became clear that she was -honest and trustworthy, with no information -of the new lodger who had taken her -front room in the basement. Arrangements -were quickly made to put this -house, inside and outside, under constant -surveillance.</p> -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c001' /> -</div> - -<div id='gs' class='figleft id005'> -<img src='images/image067a.jpg' alt='GENE SPLAINE' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>GENE SPLAINE</p> -</div> -</div> - -<div id='ek' class='figright id005'> -<img src='images/image067b.jpg' alt='EDDIE KINSMAN' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>EDDIE KINSMAN</p> -</div> -</div> - -<div id='gm' class='figcenter id006'> -<img src='images/image067c.jpg' alt='GENO MONTANI' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>GENO MONTANI</p> -</div> -</div> - -<div id='stl' class='figleft id005'> -<img src='images/image067d.jpg' alt='SCOTTY THE LAMB' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>“SCOTTY THE LAMB”</p> -</div> -</div> - -<div id='jm' class='figright id005'> -<img src='images/image067e.jpg' alt='JOHN MOLLOY' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>JOHN MOLLOY</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c001' /> -</div> -<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_61'>61</span>Along in the evening Mrs. Isabella -Goodwin, a police matron, was installed -there. The Commissioner brought her, -and carried her bundle. The landlady -and the matron had never seen each other -in their lives, but kissed ostentatiously, -and made considerable fuss on the chance -of being overheard. Mrs. Goodwin was -“planted” as the landlady’s “sister,” who -had come from Montreal to live with her -and help in the housework until she could -find a position in New York. The Commissioner -grumbled a little about her -stinginess in refusing to pay an expressman -to bring her bundle, and then took -his departure, explaining that the train -had been late, and the baby was not well, -and his wife, Aggie, would be worried -about him, and so forth. Mrs. Goodwin -established herself in a room at the rear -of the basement, handy to that occupied -by Myrtle Horn, and kept her eyes and -ears open as she went about the housework, -slipping out to report when she had -any information, and receiving instructions.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Outside surveillance on this house was -conducted from an empty store across the -street. Arrangements for the use of such -property are usually made by the police -<span class='pageno' id='Page_62'>62</span>without difficulty, though occasionally a -close-fisted owner expects rent. Blinds -were put up over the windows, peep-holes -made, and a few hammers provided, -with some nails and boards. Then six of -the best “shadow men” in the Detective -Bureau were stationed there. They made -a little noise occasionally, in “getting the -store ready for a big firm moving up from -downtown,” and watched the house day -and night. Whenever Myrtle went out -she was followed. If she had visitors, -they were investigated. This store was -known by the code term of “Plant 21,” -so that reports could be sent without disclosing -police information.</p> - -<h3 class='c017'><i>Montani Goes Free</i></h3> - -<p class='c018'>On Monday, too, Montani was arraigned -in court, and discharged for what -appeared to be lack of any evidence -against him.</p> - -<p class='c007'>At this point the Commissioner took -<span class='pageno' id='Page_63'>63</span>the liberty of fooling the newspaper men -for the good of his case.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Newspaper criticism for three days -had been particularly severe. Editors -made many charges, and were fertile in -suggestions as what ought to be done to -reorganize the presumably “demoralized” -police department. The present -writer feels confident, however, that a -careful search of the files for those days -will disclose hardly any suggestions likely -to be at all helpful to public servants in -the discharge of duty. Many questions -with no real bearing on the case had been -brought up by the journalists, and the -Commissioner, who was patient in answering -the newspaper men, began to be -a little tired.</p> - -<p class='c007'>On Sunday night his big office was -filled with reporters. They sat about -everywhere. He had admitted them because -he wanted them to see that he was -working. From time to time they quizzed -him in this fashion:</p> - -<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_64'>64</span>“Is it true that you and Commissioner -Waldo have quarrelled?”</p> - -<p class='c007'>“Is Waldo going to resign?”</p> - -<p class='c007'>“Do you favor the Sullivan law against -pistols?”</p> - -<p class='c007'>“Will the ‘dead line’ be maintained -now?”</p> - -<p class='c007'>“Hadn’t the daily ‘line up’ of criminals -ought to be restored so that detectives will -know crooks when they see them?”</p> - -<p class='c007'>“Hasn’t Mayor Gaynor tied the hands -of the police?”</p> - -<p class='c007'>And so forth, and so forth, and so forth.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Suddenly, on Sunday night, Dougherty -turned and read the newspaper men a -lecture. He said that he wanted them to -understand that he was no spring chicken -at his business, that he was working eighteen -hours a day, and that he knew he -would show results if the people would -only be patient, and give him time. His -only recommendation in the way of new -laws or reforms was for a statute that -would enable the police to put known -<span class='pageno' id='Page_65'>65</span>criminals, without occupation or visible -means of support, at work mending roads. -He outlined a plan which, rather strangely, -did not get any attention in the newspapers -at all. His idea of dealing with -idle criminals, he said, was to have a -cart, with commissary and sleeping quarters -for twelve men. As soon as twelve -idle criminals with records had been sentenced, -they would pull this cart out of -town themselves, under guard, and go to -work repairing roads. If that plan were -adopted, New York would not only be as -free from criminals as the District of Columbia, -where a similar measure is enforced, -but the roads all around the city -would be so well cared for that they could -be used as roller-skating rinks.</p> - -<p class='c007'>The newspapers next morning were -quite certain that Commissioners Waldo -and Dougherty had quarrelled, and when -the journalists went down to report Montani’s -examination in court they were decidedly -partial to the taxicab man.</p> - -<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_66'>66</span>Dougherty had told the newspaper men -beforehand that he had evidence enough -to have Montani held for trial. He had -made very positive statements about this. -Montani would be arraigned, he predicted, -and if discharged on one count, would -be immediately arrested on something -else. If he was discharged on that, he -would still be arraigned on further -charges.</p> - -<p class='c007'>It needs no very brilliant imagination, -therefore, to picture the effect upon the -newspapers when Montani, after being -arraigned on the doubtful points in his -own account of the crime, and those not -too vigorously pressed, was discharged, -with comment by the court upon the flimsiness -of the police case. There was one -striking discrepancy in the evidence presented -at that examination which, if -pressed, should have resulted in the holding -of Montani for trial. He still insisted -that he had stopped his cab because -an old man had got in front of it, but this -<span class='pageno' id='Page_67'>67</span>was denied by a witness. That point was -permitted to pass by Lieutenant Riley, -who appeared for the police. Montani -could have been re-arrested on charges -based upon his attempt to defraud the insurance -company. But he was permitted -to go free. That course had been decided -on at Police Headquarters after some difference -of opinion.</p> - -<p class='c007'>The newspapers were now more pessimistic -than ever in their comment. They -contrasted this outcome with Dougherty’s -promises that the chauffeur would be re-arrested. -It was taken as a confession of -police incompetency and bewilderment—which, -as will be seen in its proper -place, was very useful in its way. Montani -went free, and was jubilant, calling -on the Commissioner next morning to -thank him. But from the moment he left -court until he was arrested again the -Italian chauffeur never got out of sight -of the Police Department.</p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_68'>68</span> - <h3 class='c017'><i>What Developed on a Busy Tuesday</i></h3> -</div> - -<p class='c018'>It was on the day after Montani’s release -that Commissioner Dougherty began -to uncover more interesting characters -in the taxicab drama.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Bit by bit, through points supplied by -informants and persons who had come in -contact with him in various ways, a very -good working knowledge of the fugitive -Kinsman was pieced together. It appeared -that he had come to New York -the previous summer, from Boston, and -after a brief career as a boxer, had gone -to work in a Sixth avenue resort known -as the “Nutshell Café,” where he was a -waiter. Among his associates there had -been two characters who invited further -inquiry.</p> - -<p class='c007'>The first of these was a fellow called -“Gene,” described as having a “parrot -nose,” and a criminal record. He had -been a close pal of Kinsman, and had -also introduced another intimate, a wily -<span class='pageno' id='Page_69'>69</span>little Italian called “Jess,” who had formerly -owned a thieves’ resort which he -called the “Arch Café.” A good description -of Jess was secured.</p> - -<p class='c007'>There was some delay while the Commissioner -“surrounded” this last-mentioned -resort to find out if it was a place -where any information might be obtained -openly. The question was decided in the -negative. So a plain-clothes man was -quietly “planted” there to pick up information.</p> - -<p class='c007'>When a criminal is arrested (or -“falls”) it is customary in the underworld -to raise a fund for his defense. The Arch -Café was a center for the deposit of such -“fall money.” It was learned that a hundred -dollars had been raised for the defense -of a man named Clarke, alias “Molloy,” -under arrest in Brooklyn for robbery. -This was the same Molloy to -whose fine character Kinsman had asked -his landlady to swear in court. The -Italian named Jess had taken charge of -<span class='pageno' id='Page_70'>70</span>Molloy’s defense fund, but squandered it -in a spree. Later, making it good, he had -sent it over to Molloy’s relief by Kinsman’s -pal, “Dutch,” and an Italian known -as “Matteo.”</p> - -<p class='c007'>District inspectors of police were then -called upon to find a detective who knew -Jess, and an Italian plain-clothes man, -Antony Grieco, who had grown up in -that part of New York where Jess had -kept a café, and who knew the latter well, -was detailed with another detective to -look him up and keep him under surveillance. -They found that Jess, whose last -name was Albrazzo, had headquarters in -a tough resort in Thompson street, kept -by an Italian named James Pasqualle, -better known as “Jimmie the Push.” -From that time Jess was kept “on tap,” to -await further developments.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Then the Commissioner undertook to -find out more about the character called -“Gene.” Working in New York, as -waiters and bartenders, were many members -<span class='pageno' id='Page_71'>71</span>of a criminal band known as the -“Forty Thieves of Boston.” The Commissioner -called in all of them that he -could find, and sounded each for information -about this “Gene.” After the time -of day had been passed, the talk would -turn on members of the band and criminals -in general, and after curiosity had -been excited, “Gene” would be referred -to casually. If the party interviewed said -he knew “Gene,” the Commissioner -would probably be sceptical, ask his last -name, press for details of appearance and -habits, and then pass to some other -subject.</p> - -<p class='c007'>It was found that “Gene’s” last name -was Splaine, that he had served a term -in prison in Boston as a boy, and that, -by his general description, he must -be the third fugitive accompanying Kinsman -and Annie. When Detective Watson -got better descriptions of the third -man at Albany, and comparisons were -made with sources of information in -<span class='pageno' id='Page_72'>72</span>New York, it became practically certain -that Gene Splaine was with Kinsman.</p> - -<h3 class='c017'><i>Annie Shows at “Plant 21”</i></h3> - -<p class='c018'>It was on this day, too (Tuesday, February -20), that “Swede Annie” suddenly -stepped into police view, <em>wearing a new -hat</em>. She turned up quietly at the house -where Myrtle Horn had moved with her -trunk, and began living in the front basement -room. Matron Goodwin and “Plant -21” immediately reported her presence, -and from that time the shadow men across -the street had something to do besides -driving nails. For whenever Annie or -Myrtle went out of the house they were -followed.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Shadowing is a highly interesting kind -of police work, at which some men have -exceptional ability.</p> - -<p class='c007'>The general conception is that of a detective -following closely behind the suspected -person, with his eyes glued to him, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_73'>73</span>and cautiously crouching behind lamp-posts -and trees when the victim turns suddenly. -But that is far from the real -thing. The work is done in ways altogether -different. Shadow men operate in -pairs, as a rule, and keep track of their -party from vantage points not likely to -be suspected. They dress according to -the character of the case, always in quiet -clothes, changed daily, and with absolutely -no colors that will attract attention -or lead to recognition through the memory. -They know how to follow when the -person under surveillance rides in cabs, -cars or trains, to cover the different exits -from a building into which he or she may -have gone, and to loiter several hours -around a given neighborhood, if need be, -without attracting the attention of honest -citizens.</p> - -<p class='c007'>This work is done by shifts. The operators -relieve each other almost as regularly -as office employees, no matter how -far the trail may have taken them. They -<span class='pageno' id='Page_74'>74</span>are in constant touch with headquarters -for the purpose of making reports and -receiving instructions.</p> - -<p class='c007'>In this branch of detective work, as in -many others, the chief requisite is resourcefulness. -The detective of fact wears -little disguise apart from clothes that fit -the surroundings he moves in. But he has -an instant knack at accounting for himself -as a normal character who has happened -quite naturally into the scene. Ready -wits do the trick—not false whiskers. -Thus it came about that whenever Annie -and Myrtle were hungry, and sat down -in a restaurant, what they said was noted -by a couple of fellows at another table, -who quickly made a party of the chance -patrons they found there, discussing -wages or the suffragettes. Or if Annie -used the telephone in a drug store, a polite -young man turning over the directory -said to her, “Go ahead, lady—I’m -in no hurry,” and listened.</p> - -<p class='c007'>At the same time, Matron Goodwin -<span class='pageno' id='Page_75'>75</span>was reporting conversation from inside -the house. It appeared that Kinsman had -sent Annie back to the city after buying -her a new hat and giving her $125. He -promised to write soon, but did not tell -her where he was going. Toward the -end of the week, as no letter arrived, Annie -began worrying, and was talkative. -She feared that Eddie no longer loved -her. She reproached herself for letting -him go without taking her along, and -spoke of setting out to find him.</p> - -<h3 class='c017'><i>The Trail Is Taken Up</i></h3> - -<p class='c018'>It was now Wednesday, February 21, -and all the careful detail work began to -come together.</p> - -<p class='c007'>It was this day that Detective Watson -found the crew of Train No. 13, on the -New York Central, which had taken -Kinsman, Annie and Splaine aboard at -Peekskill the afternoon of the robbery -after they had ridden out of New York -<span class='pageno' id='Page_76'>76</span>in a taxicab to avoid possible police surveillance -at the railroad stations. Commissioner -Dougherty dispatched Watson -to Peekskill and Albany with thorough -instructions. His motto in working out -a case is, “Supervision is half the battle.”</p> - -<p class='c007'>“When you get to Albany,” he said, “go -to that big hat store on Broadway near -the station. I’ll bet that’s where Annie’s -new hat was bought—they sell the best -millinery in the country outside of New -York.”</p> - -<p class='c007'>Nothing important was learned at -Peekskill, but at Albany, sure enough, -Detective Watson found the saleswoman -right in “that big hat store” who had sold -the new hat, and secured Annie’s discarded -headgear. The new hat had cost -twenty-five dollars. The old one looked -as though it might have cost ninety-five -cents—a “Division Street Special.” Its -black velvet was of the cheapest grade, -the famous little red roses proved to be, -on close inspection, nothing more than -<span class='pageno' id='Page_77'>77</span>little loops of pink cotton cloth, and the -general state of the hat indicated that it -was about time Annie had a new one. -This interesting “bonnet,” however, -seemed just then more handsome than any -costly article of millinery ever smuggled -over from Paris. It was immediately sent -to New York by express, with a copy of -the sales slip covering the purchase. The -saleswoman was able to add one or two -details of description, and remembered -how, after the woman had selected a hat, -the two men had joked about who was to -pay for it.</p> - -<p class='c007'>“She’s your girl,” said Splaine, and so -Kinsman had paid the bill with five five-dollar -bills.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Nothing could be learned as to the direction -in which the two men meant to -travel. Detective Watson now began a -search among train crews running out of -Albany, and Commissioner Dougherty, in -New York, got the Albany ticket-sellers -by long-distance telephone. His knowledge -<span class='pageno' id='Page_78'>78</span>of how railroad tickets are sold, accounted -for, taken up, cancelled and -checked by the auditing department made -it possible to sift matters down to the -strongest kind of probability. After considerable -telephoning, aided by Detective -Watson on the spot, it was determined -that Kinsman and Splaine had been the -purchasers of two consecutively numbered -tickets for Chicago sold together on -Friday morning, twenty-four hours after -the robbery, and that they had gone west -on Train No. 3, leaving Albany at 12:10 -p. m. Their tickets were available for -that train, and the conclusion was -strengthened by calculating Annie’s -movements. For it was found that she -had come back to New York the same -day, between four and five in the afternoon. -She had kept out of sight until she -appeared at Myrtle Horn’s lodging and -was reported by Matron Goodwin and -“Plant 21” on Tuesday. But she must -have taken a train from Albany about the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_79'>79</span>time that the men were starting for Chicago, -reaching New York at 3:45 p. m.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Commissioner Dougherty felt that the -chances of finding his men in Chicago -were so good that, without wasting time -in an investigation of the crew of Train -No. 3, he put Detectives Daly and Clare -aboard a Chicago train that same night. -Kinsman and Splaine would both find -congenial company among the pugilists -in Chicago.</p> - -<p class='c007'>These detectives were given names to -conceal their identity, and ordered to report -under the code term of “Orange -Growers” to eliminate all flavor of police -business. They received detailed instructions -about where to go and what to do. -Again the Commissioner covered the -trail when it led out of New York by -sending capable assistants, instead of -merely wiring the police in other cities. -Before the “Orange Growers” departed, -the “boss” gave them a little talk about -expenses.</p> - -<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_80'>80</span>The detective attached to a municipal -police force is very often hampered by -fear of making unusual expenditures. Accounting -routine is strict. Telegrams are -often limited to the minimum of ten -words where a hundred are needed to -send a working description or report. The -long-distance telephone is used as a luxury, -and in many instances where the -plain-clothes man can get valuable information -through an informant he pays the -shot out of his own pocket because there -is no other way of paying it, and trusts -to the chance that this private investment -out of his salary will help him “break” a -knotty case.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Commissioner Dougherty told the -“Orange Growers” that they would be -kept on this trail if it led all around the -world. They must not consider expenditure -when there was vital information to -put on the wire. He expected them to -turn to the long-distance telephone whenever -they needed new instructions in a -hurry. Briefly, he took the blinders and -shackles off them, and sent them out to -do good work, and the outcome justified -this far-sightedness.</p> -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c001' /> -</div> - -<div id='ja' class='figleft id005'> -<img src='images/image089a.jpg' alt='JESS ALBRAZZO' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>JESS ALBRAZZO</p> -</div> -</div> - -<div id='ma' class='figright id005'> -<img src='images/image089b.jpg' alt='MATTEO ARBRANO' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>MATTEO ARBRANO</p> -</div> -</div> - -<div id='jp' class='figleft id005'> -<img src='images/image089c.jpg' alt='JAMES PASQUALE' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>JAMES PASQUALE</p> -</div> -</div> - -<div id='bd' class='figright id005'> -<img src='images/image089d.jpg' alt='BOB DELIO' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>BOB DELIO</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_81'>81</span>At that period of the winter trains were -delayed everywhere by storms, so the -“Orange Growers” had opportunities to -make inquiries at stations and railroad -restaurants all along the line to Buffalo. -They were in search of their “brother,” -who was described in terms of Kinsman’s -personal appearance, and was supposed -to be on his way somewhere with another -man. At Syracuse an observant waitress -remembered their “brother” distinctly, -having served both the men when their -train stopped for supper. Finally, the -two “Orange Growers” got snowed up in -Michigan for a time, and there we will -leave them for the present.</p> - -<h3 class='c017'><i>Montani Quizzed Once More</i></h3> - -<p class='c018'>By Thursday many loose ends of the -case were being brought together so effectually -<span class='pageno' id='Page_82'>82</span>that the outlook seemed exceedingly -bright.</p> - -<p class='c007'>But only to the executive circle in -Dougherty’s office.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Outside, all was dark. Newspaper -criticism had become more caustic than -ever, and the public, after the ingrained -habit of New York, was turning its attention -to fresher news sensations.</p> - -<p class='c007'>At a big annual dinner of police officials -held that evening, February 22, the -atmosphere of gloom resting upon the department -was most tangible. The fourteen -hundred guests, who were chiefly police -inspectors, captains and lieutenants, -felt that a stigma lay upon the service -with which they were identified. They -had no means of knowing, of course, that -one week from that night the gloom -would have lifted, criticism be turned to -praise, and that policemen generally -would be, as a witty lieutenant put it, -“back to our official standing again—which -never was so very high.”</p> - -<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_83'>83</span>Montani had called at Police Headquarters -repeatedly, accompanied by his -unseen shadowers. He professed to be -anxious to furnish further information, -if it lay in his power, and the Commissioner -chatted with him cordially, leading -him to believe that he no longer -rested under the slightest suspicion.</p> - -<p class='c007'>On Friday Dougherty made an interesting -effort to “break” Montani.</p> - -<p class='c007'>He now had a minute physical description -of Kinsman, as well as two photographs -of him. The chauffeur was asked -to describe once more the man who had -sat upon the cab seat with him. The questions -went over details from head to foot, -and were prompted by details of Kinsman’s -real appearance.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Montani said the man had large brown -eyes, which was true.</p> - -<p class='c007'>He remembered that he had talked -with a good American accent, and used -words not common to the criminal, which -was also more or less true.</p> - -<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_84'>84</span>He suddenly recalled a gold-filled -tooth in the robber’s upper right-hand -jaw, a point already furnished by informants.</p> - -<p class='c007'>In fact, as this new examination went -on, it became clear to the Commissioner -that Montani was actually describing -Kinsman, changing only one detail. He -said that the robber had had a dark mustache, -while it was certain that Kinsman -had been smooth-shaven.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Suddenly the Commissioner tried what -is known as a “shot.”</p> - -<p class='c007'>The examiner in such an inquiry is -often in possession of incriminating evidence. -Instead of producing it bluntly as -evidence, however, he will perhaps let it -slip out bit by bit, as though by awkwardness, -meanwhile maintaining an appearance -of absolute confidence in the suspect’s -integrity. A classic example of this -device is found in the Russian writer Dostoieffsky’s -“Crime and Punishment.” The -skillful “shot” is usually far more disconcerting -<span class='pageno' id='Page_85'>85</span>than evidence produced openly to -overwhelm. For the suspect assumes that -the examiner really knows nothing, and -has merely blundered. So he is on his -guard outwardly. But he also worries inwardly, -and this trying conflict between -inner doubt and the need for keeping up -outer calm will often break him down -completely.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Dougherty’s “shot” was a photograph -of Kinsman.</p> - -<p class='c007'>By pre-arrangement an assistant came -into the office and began turning over -some papers on the Commissioner’s desk. -The photo of Kinsman popped out where -Montani could see it plainly, and then -was hurriedly put out of sight again. The -Commissioner scolded his assistant, and -the latter stood shamefaced and silent.</p> - -<p class='c007'>But in this instance the device failed.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Montani not only betrayed no interest -in Kinsman’s picture, but took the awkward -assistant’s part, and asked the Commissioner -not to scold him.</p> - -<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_86'>86</span>Montani had planned his crime, fitted -the plan with men, laid out every detail -in his mind, and arranged his story beforehand. -He expected to be arrested, -and said so. He admitted that there were -inconsistencies in his story, but hoped to -clear them up. He had discussed the -crime with Jess and Dutch, and had not -been seen in the company of the other -criminals. So, having settled on his story, -Montani stuck to it without variation under -every form of pressure. Others forgot -what they had arranged as their defense, -or departed from it, or broke down -and confessed. But not Montani. He -alone went to trial, and stuck to his story -until the end.</p> - -<h3 class='c017'><i>The “Orange Growers” in Chicago</i></h3> - -<p class='c018'>When Daly and Clare, the two New -York detectives working as the “Orange -Growers,” arrived in Chicago, they went -to Police Headquarters in that city, made -<span class='pageno' id='Page_87'>87</span>inquiries about Kinsman and Splaine, and -secured the aid of Chicago detectives. -Then they put up at a hotel where, by -arrangements with the house detective, -they occupied a room on the second floor -handy to a little-used stairway leading to -a side street, which would make it easy -to slip in and out without going through -the lobby. On the trip from New York -both of them had neglected shaving, and -Daly was an especially tough-looking -citizen, for his beard grows out stiff and -bristly, with black and red intermixed, -and a little green to help the general effect. -With suits of old clothes and -sweaters they were so little like their official -selves that for several days, though -they went rather freely around resorts -frequented by crooks who knew them in -New York, they were not recognized.</p> - -<p class='c007'>The “Orange Growers” now became a -pair of hardened “yeggmen,” or bank robbers, -and for three days were busy visiting -thieves’ haunts all over the city, from the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_88'>88</span>Levee district to the Stockyards. It was -found that Kinsman and Splaine had put -up at a high-class boarding house in a -fashionable residence section. Kinsman -seemed to be doubtful about the impression -Splaine might make there, though in -the opinion of the police Splaine was by -far the more intelligent of the pair. So -he took the landlady aside and asked her, -privately, if she had objections to a prize-fighter -in her house. The landlady replied, -“Why, no! if he is a gentleman—many -prize-fighters are just like other -people!” Thereupon, Kinsman undertook -that Splaine should behave himself. -He also wanted to know if valuables were -safe there, and the astonished landlady -assured him that her house was like a -home, that the guests were like one big -family and seldom locked their doors, and -that Mr. Smith, well known as an officer -in one of the leading banks, had lived -there for years.</p> - -<p class='c007'>The pair had spent considerable time -<span class='pageno' id='Page_89'>89</span>in criminal haunts, but had now disappeared. -Kinsman, as it was learned later, -had returned to New York. Splaine was -apparently in Chicago still, spending his -money, but the two “Orange Growers” -seemed never to catch up with him. Their -man had always gone around the corner -within the past hour.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Finally they planned a ruse with the -aid of two Chicago detectives. Splaine -had been intimate with a certain woman -of the underworld, known as “Josie.” -Clare went to her, represented himself as -a “stick-up man,” said he and his partner -were after that guy with all the money -and diamonds, meaning Splaine, and -that they meant to rob him. If Josie -worked with them, like a good girl, -she would come in for her third of the -plunder.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Josie professed ignorance. She was -sure, so help her Mike, cross her heart, -that she knew nothing about no gent with -any money or diamonds—no such a party -<span class='pageno' id='Page_90'>90</span>had been near the house in months, worse -luck. Clare argued awhile with no results, -and then said he would come back -a little later and bring his pal. Then Daly -was introduced to Josie as the extremely -undesirable citizen who would do the -strong-arm work. But Josie still insisted -that she had no idea what they were talking -about.</p> - -<p class='c007'>They went out, and within a few minutes -the two Chicago detectives, Dempsey -and McFarland, known by Josie as -officers, came in, described the disguised -Clare and Daly as two of the most desperate -“yeggmen” in the country, said -that they had warrants for them, and -asked if they had been seen. Josie -crossed her heart again, and said that -there had been nobody around there all -evening—believe her, it was like living -the simple life, and if things kept on -bein’ so quiet she’d blow the town and go -back to Keokuk.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Then, enter the two “Orange Growers” -<span class='pageno' id='Page_91'>91</span>once more, to be warned by the fair -Josie.</p> - -<p class='c007'>“Say, the bulls are after you boys, an’ -you better pull your freight, ‘cause if you -stay around here they’re goin’ to <em>get</em> you.”</p> - -<p class='c007'>“Aw, hell!” was the reply, “We’d just -as lieve kill a cop or anybody else. We -stick in this house till you tell us where -we can reach that guy with the money and -the diamonds—understand?”</p> - -<p class='c007'>Then Josie broke down, and told them -Splaine had been there early in the evening, -but had gone away to take a train out -of town. She did not know the railroad, -and urged them to leave. This was -evidently the truth, so they hurried to Police -Headquarters, telegraphed descriptions -to other cities with a request that arriving -trains be watched, and went to bed -to get a little sleep, so that they could be -at work early the next morning.</p> - -<p class='c007'>But in the morning word came from -the Memphis Police that Splaine had -been arrested there on alighting from a -<span class='pageno' id='Page_92'>92</span>train, and they thereupon notified New -York, went to Memphis, secured Splaine -on extradition papers, and brought him -back to the metropolis.</p> - -<h3 class='c017'><i>The Traps Are Sprung</i></h3> - -<p class='c018'>On Saturday afternoon, February 24, -while most of the energy of the Detective -Bureau was centered on the taxicab -case, a brutal murder was committed in -Brooklyn.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Word came that a Flatbush merchant -had been found dead in his store, shot by -unknown criminals whose motive was -robbery. They had taken his watch and -five safety razors.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Inspector Hughes was sent to the scene -of the crime, and Commissioner Dougherty -quickly followed. The murder occurred -about one p. m. By six o’clock -the same day the number of the watch -had been learned through a canvass of -jewelers in the neighborhood, it being on -<span class='pageno' id='Page_93'>93</span>record by one of them who had repaired -it, and the watch and two of the safety -razors had been found in pawnshops. Descriptions -of the murderers were obtained, -and by three o’clock Sunday, the -following day, their identity had been established. -Within thirty hours after the -crime these men had been arrested, positively -identified as the pawners of the -stolen articles, and completely tied up in -their own statements.</p> - -<p class='c007'>At half-past nine Sunday night, while -the Commissioner, Inspector Hughes and -Captain Coughlin, in charge of Brooklyn -detectives, and Lieutenant Riley were -winding up their work on this murder -case, word suddenly came over the telephone -to Commissioner Dougherty from -an informant that Eddie Kinsman had -been seen in New York with “Swede Annie,” -and that he was accompanied by -an unknown man, wearing a red necktie, -supposed to be Gene Splaine. At the -same time Matron Goodwin, stationed -<span class='pageno' id='Page_94'>94</span>inside Annie’s lodgings, telephoned -that she had information indicating -that Kinsman had returned to the -city.</p> - -<p class='c007'>When the Commissioner motored over -to New York, he found his men covering -a hotel on Third avenue, not far from -42d street. Kinsman and Annie were inside.</p> - -<p class='c007'>The Commissioner hurried to the 18th -precinct police station and sent out a call -for twenty-five detectives. Team work -on the case had developed to such a degree -by this time that, though the men -came from many stations, they were all -on hand in record time, a matter of -twenty or thirty minutes. Then a squad -of these plain-clothes men was sent to -watch every railroad station and ferry -house, each accompanied by one of the -men from “Plant 21,” familiar with Annie -from having followed her movements -for a week. Surveillance on the hotel was -strengthened, and steps taken to ascertain -<span class='pageno' id='Page_95'>95</span>whether the unknown man in the red tie -was really Splaine.</p> - -<p class='c007'>While making these arrangements, a -curious incident occurred, showing how -small is New York, after all, with its five -million people. As Dougherty sat in the -18th precinct station, Detective Rein -brought in a prisoner arrested for shooting -a citizen. He was drunk and extremely -disagreeable, and gave his name -as “Steigel,” living at 98 Third avenue. -Something in this address echoed to something -in Dougherty’s memory—a keen -one for names, dates, addresses and facts -generally. He investigated further, and -found that this prisoner was no other than -the criminal Molloy, whose urgent need -of “character witnesses” had played so -important a part in furnishing the first -information in the taxicab case.</p> - -<p class='c007'>By some mischance, these operations -came to the ears of the newspaper men. -Word went about, beginning in Brooklyn, -that important arrests were to be -<span class='pageno' id='Page_96'>96</span>made. The reporters followed the Commissioner -in a crowd when he refused to -make a statement. They not only hampered -the work, but greatly endangered -the outcome. On the following day, Monday, -the papers published information -about the police activities of the night before. -The hazard here may be appreciated -when the reader is told that Kinsman -had been a persistent reader of newspapers -from the day of the robbery, and -that it was largely the pessimistic newspaper -comment upon Montani’s release -in court that led him to return to New -York. Deceived by the newspaper chorus -of “police demoralization,” and the -easy way in which Montani had got free, -he concluded that the taxicab investigation -had been given up as hopeless.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Kinsman was arrested in the Grand -Central Station at half-past eleven Monday -morning, with Swede Annie and the -unknown in the red tie. They were about -to set out for Boston.</p> - -<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_97'>97</span>There were some amusing circumstances -in the arrest.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Kinsman’s immunity over night, and -police precaution in deferring the arrest -until the last moment, on the chance that -other persons would join the party, gave -him a false confidence. He afterward admitted -that ideas of a “pinch” at that time -were far from his mind.</p> - -<p class='c007'>When a criminal thought to be dangerous -is to be arrested in a crowded place -like the Grand Central Station, police -officers operate by methods that prevent -a struggle. As two detectives closed in -on the party, Kinsman watched one of -them out of the corner of his eye. While -a waiter at the “Nutshell Café” he had -often thrown objectionable guests out onto -the sidewalk. He now fancied that one -of the detectives resembled a man he had -once “bounced,” and was ready to fight if -attacked.</p> - -<p class='c007'>“I was just folding it up,” he said, referring -to his fist, “and getting ready to -<span class='pageno' id='Page_98'>98</span>land on him when one had me from behind -and the other in front. Then I knew -they were cops.”</p> - -<p class='c007'>Annie was gorgeously dressed in a new -blue suit and fine fur coat, bought out of -the taxicab money. The unknown man -proved to be Kinsman’s brother, who had -come down from Boston with him. Kinsman -had visited his native city before returning -to New York, but had escaped -the police net there by stopping at a hotel -and sending for his brother. He sent a -grip home by this brother, and it was afterward -found to contain three packages -of bills of $250 each in the original wrappers -of the bank.</p> - -<p class='c007'>As soon as word of these arrests was -telephoned to Police Headquarters, the -other traps were sprung. Detectives -brought in Montani, Jess Albrazzo and -Myrtle Horn, the latter, with Annie, being -held as witnesses.</p> -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c001' /> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_99'>99</span> - <h2 class='c005'>CHAPTER III <br /> <span class='small'>HOW THE CRIME WAS HANDLED BY THE POLICE—THE CONFESSIONS</span></h2> -</div> - -<p class='drop-capa_2__6 c016'>Now begins some of the most interesting -work connected with the -taxicab case—the examination of -the first prisoners, which led to confessions, -the implication of other guilty persons -not yet under arrest, and the voluntary -pleas of guilty in court which saved -costly trials in all but Montani’s case.</p> - -<p class='c007'>This sort of work is familiar under the -term of “third degree.” It is popularly -supposed to be accompanied by force and -sometimes brutality—and in wrong hands -often is. Commissioner Dougherty’s experience -with a commercial detective -agency, however, has led him to develop -intelligent methods. The commercial detective -<span class='pageno' id='Page_100'>100</span>organization has none of the -authority of an official police force, and -at the same time, through its national operations -and the general character of its -work, deals chiefly with the most accomplished -criminals. Therefore, tact and legal -subtilty are depended upon in examining -suspects, and the Commissioner -long ago learned to get his results mainly -by straight question and answer. He puts -his own wits against those of the suspect, -backed by experience in many other cases. -He has a practical grasp of criminal psychology, -as well as many ingenious ways -of using evidence to the best purpose, -overwhelming the suspect, and breaking -down stolidity and deception. Dougherty -is not only opposed to force in the “third -degree,” but knows that it is of absolutely -no use.</p> - -<p class='c007'>The first prisoner examined was Eddie -Kinsman.</p> - -<p class='c007'>When he was brought to Police Headquarters -Kinsman appeared to be thoroughly -<span class='pageno' id='Page_101'>101</span>satisfied with himself, and confident -that no policeman would get anything -out of <em>him</em>. He proved to be a -good-looking young fellow, of athletic -build, and by no means a fool.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Methods of examination are never -twice alike, for they depend upon the case -and the suspect. As a rule, however, when -the criminal first sits down to answer -Commissioner Dougherty he is astonished -by that gentleman’s apparent lack of -guile, and ignorance of worldly knowledge. -When Dougherty composes himself -for an inquiry, he is rather a heavy-looking -citizen, not unlike a country magistrate, -and his first questions, put for the -purpose of determining the suspect’s -character and previous surroundings, usually -relate to bald routine matters, such -as name, age, residence, education, family, -and so on.</p> - -<p class='c007'>“Gee!” thinks the suspect, “This guy -is the biggest lobster I ever got up -against! I wonder how he ever got to -<span class='pageno' id='Page_102'>102</span>be a police commissioner. He must have -a strong political pull.”</p> - -<p class='c007'>Kinsman was ushered into a large, -quiet office, where this bureaucratic official -began by asking his name, birthplace -and other details.</p> - -<p class='c007'>“Will you kindly stand up a minute -while I get your height?” asked the questioner, -and Kinsman did so in a patronizing -way. Then the dull-looking gentleman -turned back Kinsman’s coat and -looked at the little label sewed in the inside -pocket.</p> - -<p class='c007'>“I see that you have been in Chicago -recently,” he observed. “This suit was -made by a tailor there. You ordered it -February 17th, two days after the robbery.”</p> - -<p class='c007'>He looked into Kinsman’s hat.</p> - -<p class='c007'>“That was bought in Chicago, too.”</p> - -<p class='c007'>He examined the label on Kinsman’s -tie.</p> - -<p class='c007'>“This was also bought in Chicago.”</p> - -<p class='c007'>He turned up the label at the back of -<span class='pageno' id='Page_103'>103</span>the neck of the new silk underclothes -worn by the prisoner.</p> - -<p class='c007'>“Those were bought in State street, -Chicago, and from a very good store, too—I -know it well.”</p> - -<p class='c007'>Kinsman now began to be pugnacious -and defiant.</p> - -<p class='c007'>“See here!” he said, “You must take -me for a boob.”</p> - -<p class='c007'>“Yes, I think you are a boob,” replied -the Commissioner. “You might as well -have made your getaway with a brass -band as to take Swede Annie with you to -Albany, attracting attention all the way, -and then send her back to New York with -a hundred dollars to tell the police where -you had gone.”</p> - -<p class='c007'>Suddenly Lieutenant Riley, personal -aide, walked into the Commissioner’s office -carrying a cheap article of millinery—a -shabby black velvet hat with a row -of little red roses across the front. Commissioner -Dougherty apparently grew -very angry.</p> - -<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_104'>104</span>“What do you mean by bringing that -thing in here now?” he exclaimed. “I -am not ready for that—take it away.”</p> - -<p class='c007'>This “shot” had been previously arranged, -of course, but Riley pretended -to be injured when called by his superior.</p> - -<p class='c007'>“Cripes!” exclaimed Kinsman. “Annie’s -old hat. How did you get that so -quick?”</p> - -<p class='c007'>“Oh, that is only one thing we’ve got -on you,” replied the Commissioner. “We -know that you went to Peekskill in a taxicab -with Annie and Splaine on the afternoon -of the robbery. We know that you -took Train 13 to Albany, and where you -stopped that night, and where you bought -Annie’s new hat, and how much you paid -for it, and what train you took to Chicago -Friday noon. Suppose you tell me something -more about your movements?”</p> - -<p class='c007'>Kinsman became scornful.</p> - -<p class='c007'>“If you know all that,” he said, “maybe -you know more about where I went and -<span class='pageno' id='Page_105'>105</span>what I did than I do myself. So what -would be the use of me telling <em>you</em> anything?”</p> - -<p class='c007'>While certain people were being found -outside, the Commissioner worked upon -the prisoner along another line. Enough -of Kinsman’s personality was now disclosed -to show that he was vain and egotistical. -This side of his nature was therefore -fed with flattery. He was assured -that the taxicab robbery had been a wonderful -“stick-up.” Everybody in New -York had been astonished. The whole -country was talking about it, and about -him. He must be an awfully bright, cunning -fellow to have planned and carried -out such a piece of crime.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Kinsman warmed up genially under -this admiration, and seemed to be more -confident than ever that so shrewd a -young man as himself would have little -difficulty in fooling the police.</p> - -<p class='c007'>But presently self-satisfaction was subjected -to shock after shock.</p> - -<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_106'>106</span>Detectives were bringing in Montani, -Myrtle Hoyt, Rose Levy, Mrs. Sullivan, -the landlady with whom Kinsman had -lived, and her housekeeper. Jess Albrazzo -was under arrest. Kinsman’s -brother was there for examination, and -Inspector Hughes and Lieutenant Riley -were bringing in startling intelligence -every few minutes.</p> - -<p class='c007'>The housekeeper was ushered in, and -told how Kinsman had given her five dollars -from a huge roll of bills before leaving -for Peekskill.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Commissioner Waldo came in and sat -while Mrs. Sullivan told what she knew -about her late lodger.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Kinsman’s brother gave information -about the former’s movements from the -time he had arrived in Boston until he -brought him to New York to have a good -time, and Kinsman knew that at the home -of his parents in Boston the police would -surely find money in the original wrappers -of the bank.</p> - -<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_107'>107</span>The prisoner was put under pressure -to explain how a man like himself, known -to be working as a waiter in a cheap resort, -could suddenly have come into possession -of such sums. Statements from -the women in the case had been secured, -and were produced, and finally Kinsman -was brought to detailed admissions, one -by one. He agreed that it was true he -had gone to Peekskill in a taxicab with -Annie and Splaine, that he had gone to -Albany, had bought Annie a hat there, -had gone to Chicago, and so forth. Opportunities -were given him to see Montani -and Jess, under arrest. Nothing but -the truth was told him, yet by degrees he -was led to see himself surrounded on all -sides by evidence and confessing accomplices. -At last he broke down completely, -his vain self-confidence destroyed, and -made a detailed confession.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Kinsman’s story brought up fresh circumstances -and new actors in the taxicab -case.</p> - -<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_108'>108</span>He told how he had come to New York -nine months before, to have a good time -and make money, and how, after going -penniless and hungry, and getting a few -dollars for taking part in a boxing match, -he had become a waiter at the “Nutshell -Café.” There he soon made the acquaintance -of criminals, meeting Gene Splaine, -“Dutch” Keller, “Joe the Kid,” “Scotty -the Lamb” and other characters who were -afterward to assist in the taxi robbery. -There he also met “Swede Annie” and -became her sweetheart, and finally, Jess -Albrazzo, a dark little Italian who -seemed to exert marked influence over -all the others. It was from Jess that -Kinsman first heard about the plan to rob -a taxicab carrying money to a bank. This -“swell job” was discussed, and Jess told -him he had a friend named Montani who -carried the bank’s cash, and would cooperate -in stealing it. The job would be -easy, because Montani would run the cab -through a side street, and the only guard -<span class='pageno' id='Page_109'>109</span>was an old man and a boy, neither of -them armed.</p> - -<p class='c007'>One Sunday night, two weeks before -the crime, Jess took Kinsman and other -accomplices over the route, after all had -drunk themselves into optimistic mood, -and pointed out the bank from which the -money was drawn, the streets through -which Montani would run, the place -where the gang could board the cab, and -the point at which they could leave it and -escape uptown. Details were discussed. -There was a difference of opinion as to -methods, and the plotters parted that -night with the understanding that each -would submit his own ideas of how the -robbery could be most effectively and -safely carried out. Eventually there was -a definite agreement as to boarding the -cab, preventing an outcry, making the -getaway and splitting up the money.</p> - -<p class='c007'>According to Montani’s information, -the bank messengers usually carried between -$75,000 and $100,000. When the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_110'>110</span>day for the robbery had been set, word -suddenly came that there would not be so -large a sum. This was disappointing, but -the gang decided to put their project -through, nevertheless. Kinsman was busy -at the café, where he worked until four -o’clock on the morning of February 15, -and “Dutch” called for him several -times, asking if he was going to “lay down -on the job.” Finally Kinsman got away, -went to a room in a lodging house taken -by “Dutch,” and found the gang all there -smoking and drinking. At five o’clock -they all went to sleep. At eight everybody -was awakened. “Dutch” and Splaine took -blackjacks, and offered Kinsman a revolver, -which he refused, saying he could -take care of himself with his hands, being -a boxer. There were six in the party—Kinsman, -“Dutch,” Splaine, “Joe the -Kid,” Jess and “Scotty the Lamb,” whose -part was to stumble in front of Montani’s -cab at the place selected for the boarding, -and thus give the chauffeur a colorable -reason for slackening speed if eye-witnesses -afterward called his honesty into -question. The gang had breakfast in a -cheap restaurant, stopped for a drink at -the saloon of “Jimmie the Push” in -Thompson street, where the booty was to -be divided, and proceeded downtown, after -parting with Jess. The latter was the -organizer, and took no part in the robbery; -as he explained, he was known as -a friend of Montani’s, and wanted to arrange -so that he could prove an alibi if -suspected, proving that he had not been -near the scene of the crime when it was -committed.</p> -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c001' /> -</div> -<div id='scotty' class='figcenter id002'> -<img src='images/image121.jpg' alt='“Scotty” Receives Final Instructions' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>“Scotty” Receives Final Instructions</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_111'>111</span>At that saloon they had met a trio of -Italian criminals known as the “Three -Brigands,” who said they were not to take -part in the robbery, but would be on hand -to see that it was vigorously put through.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Arrived upon the ground, at Church -street and Trinity Place, Splaine and -Kinsman waited on the west side of the -thoroughfare, while “Dutch” and “Joe -<span class='pageno' id='Page_112'>112</span>the Kid” stood on the opposite side. -“Scotty the Lamb” posted himself fifty -feet off.</p> - -<p class='c007'>As Montani’s cab came speeding along, -“Dutch” raised his hat as a signal. “Scotty -the Lamb” did not have time to step in -front of the vehicle before it slackened, -and the robbers were aboard. “Dutch” -opened one door and struck the old bank -teller, Wilbur Smith, and “Joe the Kid” -boosted Splaine in on the other side, -where he assaulted young Wardle. Kinsman -mounted the seat beside Montani, -and the latter put on full speed, telling -Kinsman to point his finger at his side as -though he had a revolver. The cab -slipped past trucks and dodged pedestrians. -Kinsman said he seemed to see -policemen everywhere, and was dazed -when the vehicle stopped at Park Place -and Church street. All the criminals got -off there, “Dutch” lugging the brown bag -containing the money. Splaine and -“Dutch” were both covered with the bank -<span class='pageno' id='Page_113'>113</span>guards’ blood. Taking Kinsman, they -jumped aboard a street car. It was -crowded. Several passengers noticed the -bloody men, but were told that there had -been a fight, and the occurrence was not -reported to the police. After riding two -or three blocks they got off, boarded an -elevated train, rode to Bleeker street, and -went to a back room in “Jimmie the -Push’s” saloon, where the money was to -be divided. Here they found Jess and -the “Three Brigands,” and the latter now -set up a claim for a share in the booty. -Matteo, leader of the trio, pulled out a -revolver, and there was a discussion. -Finally the bag was opened, and found to -contain $25,000. There were three packages -of $5,000 each and one of $10,000. -Matteo grabbed the latter package, saying -that his gang was to get $3,000 apiece, -and that the odd $1,000 would go for -“fall money” to get Molloy out of jail in -Brooklyn. The robbers then divided the -remainder, Jess taking $3,000 for himself -<span class='pageno' id='Page_114'>114</span>and another $3,000 for Montani, Splaine -getting $3,000, Kinsman $2,750, “Joe the -Kid” $250 and “Scotty the Lamb” nothing. -Kinsman then told how he had -called for Swede Annie, and left town -in a taxicab, going as far as Peekskill, to -avoid the police at the Grand Central -Station.</p> - -<h3 class='c017'><i>Jess Confesses and Assists</i></h3> - -<p class='c018'>The next prisoner examined was Jess -Albrazzo, a dark little Italian, who appeared -to be somewhat ignorant.</p> - -<p class='c007'>In this examination the Commissioner -had ample outside proof, and he also employed -what he calls his “psychological -study.” Years ago, in dealing with negro -suspects in Southern crime, Dougherty -devised a little instrument which he -dubbed his “lie watch.” This was a dial -with a needle, hung round the suspect’s -neck. If the latter told the truth, the -needle presumably pointed to “Truth,” -and if he didn’t, it pointed to “Lie.” Being -<span class='pageno' id='Page_115'>115</span>out of the suspect’s sight, it had a -strong effect.</p> - -<p class='c007'>From that, Dougherty went into studies -of the mental states of suspects under -examination, and found rough physiological -indications which he uses as a guide -to the integrity of the suspect. Investigations -of European criminal experts like -Professor Hans Gross amply demonstrate -that there is a real scientific basis for such -methods.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Dougherty took it a little easier with -Jess. They sat down, and the Commissioner -went over the Italian’s movements -for the past few months, showing him -how thoroughly he was implicated. Jess -had worked for Montani, and been intimate -with the rest of the taxicab “mob.” -He and Montani were confronted with -each other, and points brought out in -Kinsman’s confession were skillfully used.</p> - -<p class='c007'>At one point in this examination the -Commissioner rose from his desk, took -the lobe of Jess’s ear between his thumb -<span class='pageno' id='Page_116'>116</span>and finger, pinched it slightly, looked at -the ear closely, and then walked out of -the room.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Jess was all on edge with curiosity.</p> - -<p class='c007'>“Why did he pinch my ear?” he asked -of Lieutenant Riley.</p> - -<p class='c007'>“To see if you are telling the truth,” -was the answer, and in a moment the -Commissioner came back and examined -that ear again.</p> - -<p class='c007'>“Yes, he’s lying,” he declared. “Look -at his ear—can’t you see it yourself?” -Others were invited to look at Jess’s ear, -and the little Italian became so curious -that he actually tried to look around the -side of his skull and see his own ear!</p> - -<p class='c007'>This psychological study was backed -up with abundant proof that Jess had not -told the whole truth. Presently he weakened -and confessed. He told how he had -handed $2,000 in a collar box to “Jimmie -the Push” on the day of the robbery, -which was to be taken to a Bowery bank -and put in a safe-deposit vault for Montani. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_117'>117</span>He agreed to accompany the police -to Jimmie’s place in Thompson street, and -late that evening a party made up -of Commissioner Dougherty, Inspector -Hughes and Lieutenant Riley went there, -taking Jess along.</p> - -<p class='c007'>“Jimmie the Push’s” place is one of the -most picturesque thieves’ resorts in lower -New York.</p> - -<p class='c007'>“Typical of the old village,” as Dougherty -puts it. “In fact, this whole case has -a strong flavor of the little old village of -New York.”</p> - -<p class='c007'>Jimmie was out when they got there, -but this saloon was in charge of the biggest, -swarthiest Italian bartender in town, -a tough Hercules weighing somewhere -around three hundred pounds. The room -was crowded with motley characters, -drinking beverages known to the neighborhood -as “shocks” and “high hats.” For -their edification, a tramp magician was -taking coins out of his ears, his nose and -the air.</p> - -<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_118'>118</span>Jess was not known to be under arrest, -and immediately sent a boy called -“Reddy” to fetch the proprietor, who had -known the three police officers for years. -Presently Reddy came back and said that -Jimmie would come in about half an -hour, as he was playing cards and had a -fine hand.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Reddy was sent back to impress upon -Jimmie that Jess wanted to see him -right away—it was very important. In -about two minutes, just as the Commissioner -had bought a “high hat” -for everybody in his party, Jimmie appeared. -He was told that Jess had got -into trouble in connection with the taxicab -robbery, and asked about the money -in the safe deposit vault. “Jimmie the -Push,” with his partner, Bob Deilio, had -by this time been implicated themselves, -for it was clear that the money had been -divided in their resort, and that probably -they had taken part in the planning, and -the decidedly one-sided division of the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_119'>119</span>spoils. Jimmie was led to believe that he -did not rest under suspicion, however, -and that he was only asked to aid the police. -He said Jess had handed him a collar -box on the day of the robbery, asking -him to put it in a vault in his own name, -but that he had had no idea what the box -contained, and had left it lying behind -the bar for a couple of days before he got -a chance to go to the bank with it. He -readily promised to appear at Police -Headquarters the following morning, -bring the key to the safe deposit box, and -help recover the money. Thereupon the -police officials bade him good night and -went away. But no chances were taken -on “Jimmie the Push.” From that moment -he was shadowed.</p> - -<p class='c007'>That Monday was a busy day in many -other ways.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Developments came thick and fast.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Kinsman’s home in Boston was visited, -and $750 of the bank money recovered in -the original wrappers. It had laid in his -<span class='pageno' id='Page_120'>120</span>grip, unknown to the honest Kinsman -family.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Swede Annie, Myrtle Horn and a -girl named Rose Levy were examined, -quickly broke down, and made tearful -statements to be used in evidence. These -women were held only as witnesses, and -as the case cleared up after a few days’ -detention, were released.</p> - -<p class='c007'>The girl, Rose Levy, greatly attracted -the Commissioner. She was only nineteen -years old, a mild-mannered little Jewess -with jet black hair and very remarkable -eyes. The Commissioner went into details -of her personal story. It seems that -she had left her home in Brooklyn two -months before, after a quarrel with her -mother, and had come to New York looking -for a position. But she quickly fell -into the lower world, became known -as Jess’s girl, and was ambitious to be -“one of the gang.” After a fatherly talk -she was persuaded to return to her home -and live a decent life. But within a week -<span class='pageno' id='Page_121'>121</span>she was back in New York again, in her -old haunts, trying to raise money to help -Jess, for whom, she told the Commissioner, -she would willingly work for the -rest of her days.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Before visiting Jimmie’s saloon the -Commissioner called up the “Orange -Growers” in Chicago, had a long talk -with them, told what progress was being -made, and put new life into them.</p> - -<h3 class='c017'><i>More Money Recovered</i></h3> - -<p class='c018'>True to his word, “Jimmie the Push” -walked into Police Headquarters at nine -o’clock Tuesday morning, February 27, -closely followed by his unseen shadowers. -He produced the key of the safe-deposit -vault, and went with officers to see the -money recovered. There was $2,000, as -Jess had stated, still in the wrappers of -the bank. Jimmie was still permitted to -go free, under the impression that he had -come through the ordeal “clean,” while -<span class='pageno' id='Page_122'>122</span>fresh evidence was being obtained against -him.</p> - -<p class='c007'>That morning the Commissioner also -took Kinsman down over the route of the -robbery, to have him explain it in his own -way. This was done to strengthen the -case against Montani, and upset his story -in court.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Then “Scotty the Lamb” was located, -arrested, brought to headquarters and led -to confess. “Scotty the Lamb” was in -some respects a pathetic figure in the case, -and also a humorous one. He had been -in charge of the lunch kitchen at the Arch -Café when Jess owned it, and later -worked as a dishwasher in a Washington -Square hotel. A Scotch youth, from Glasgow, -he had been in this country about -four years, and while no criminal record -appeared against him, he was plainly in -the company of thieves most of the time. -According to his statement, he had been -promised $25 for doing some work for -Jess, and without inquiring into the nature -<span class='pageno' id='Page_123'>123</span>of it at all, had shown up with the -gang and gone along to do his minor part -of a “stall,” stumbling in front of the -cab. But before he could get out into the -street, the cab had been boarded. So poor -“Scotty the Lamb,” without a nickel for -carfare, plodded all the way uptown -again to the saloon where the money was -to be divided, and got nothing whatever. -He was a cheerful soul, however, and the -life of the party when the gang was -locked up, cracking jokes, and taking the -view that, as sentences ought to be proportioned -to the amount of money each -member of the gang had got in the division, -and he had got nothing, he might -be let off with six months’ imprisonment.</p> - -<p class='c007'>“Scotty, haven’t you got any overcoat?” -asked Inspector Hughes, sympathetically, -as they were going to court one brisk -morning. “Did you <em>ever</em> have an overcoat, -Scotty?”</p> - -<p class='c007'>“No, sir, I never had an overcoat,” replied -Scotty, and then as he thought of -<span class='pageno' id='Page_124'>124</span>his prospects for going to prison, added -drolly, “And now I don’t expect, sir, that -I ever will!”</p> - -<h3 class='c017'><i>The Fine Italian Hand</i></h3> - -<p class='c018'>The next step in the case was that of -arresting “Jimmie the Push” and his partner, -Bob Deilio.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Another phase of the robbery now began -to come out plainly.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Up to the present time the main burden -of proof pointed to the four “hold-up” -men of American birth as the chief actors -in the crime. Montani and Jess, the two -Italians, appeared to be accessories.</p> - -<p class='c007'>But as the tangled threads were unravelled, -one by one, it was found that -the Italians involved outnumbered the -American thugs, and that furthermore -they had outwitted them.</p> - -<p class='c007'>When Bob Deilio was arrested he drew -$215 in five-dollar bills out of his pocket -and handed it to the police, admitting -that it was part of $5,500 of the stolen -<span class='pageno' id='Page_125'>125</span>money. The rest, he asserted, had just -been paid for rent of the two resorts operated -by “Jimmie the Push” and himself.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Jimmie and Bob were taken to Police -Headquarters and examined, with Jess -present. Commissioner Dougherty played -one against the other so skillfully, with -cross-questions and counter pressure, that -in a little while each was excitedly telling -tales on his two companions with the -desperate hope of clearing himself, and -denunciations flew back and forth among -the trio as evidence came out that was -likely to send them all to prison. Their -confessions were obtained, and used in a -new effort to break down Montani. But -this was without results. The little Italian -chauffeur still stuck doggedly to his original -story.</p> - -<p class='c007'>From these new confessions it appeared -that the Italians had planned the -crime, enlisted the American hold-up -men to carry out the dirty work, and laid -a counter-plot for holding them up in -<span class='pageno' id='Page_126'>126</span>turn when the money was divided. The -“Three Brigands” were ostensibly offered -a chance to take part in the actual -robbery, but refused on the plea that it -would be too risky, and that they did not -believe Montani could carry it out successfully. -On the morning of the crime -they walked north over the route. When -they met the taxicab coming south, with -a policeman on the seat beside Montani -and two unconscious bank messengers inside, -they knew that the project had succeeded. -So the “Three Brigands” hurried -uptown to “Jimmie the Push’s” saloon. -They got there so quickly that they -were ahead of the robbers. Jess made a -rehearsed protest when they insisted in -sharing in the plunder, but the “Three -Brigands” drew revolvers, threatened to -make a disturbance that would bring in -the police, and finally helped themselves -to $10,000. When the thugs who had done -the actual work left the saloon, they had -only $8,000 all told. The Italians, who -had “played safe” at every point, had -$17,000.</p> -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c001' /> -</div> - -<div id='brigands' class='figcenter id002'> -<img src='images/image139.jpg' alt='“The Brigands” “Stick-up” the Hold-up Men for Theirs' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>“The Brigands” “Stick-up” the Hold-up Men for Theirs</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c001' /> -</div> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_127'>127</span> - <h3 class='c017'><i>One of the Brigands Comes In</i></h3> -</div> - -<p class='c018'>The actual whereabouts of the “Three -Brigands” was not known to the police -then. But there were certain channels -through which news might reach at least -one of them. Word was sent through -those channels, therefore, that it might -be best for them to appear and give an -account of themselves, and on Friday, -March 1, just at the time Splaine had -been brought back from Memphis, the -little leader of the brigands, Matteo Arbrano, -an undersized Italian wearing -spectacles, who had carried out the job -of robbing the hold-up men, surrendered -himself to the District Attorney.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Arbrano said that he had divided his -$10,000 with his two companions, Gonzales -and Cavaquero, and immediately -left New York, taking a steamer for -<span class='pageno' id='Page_128'>128</span>Mexico by way of Havana. At the latter -city he stopped over night, met a woman -and accompanied her to a resort, was -drugged and robbed of $2,700, and woke -on the Prado with only $100 left, a single -bill that had been concealed in his shoe. -With that he returned to New York. The -story is regarded by the police as more -picturesque than convincing. It is probable -that Matteo’s share of the plunder, -with that of other Italians involved, has -been carefully “planted.”</p> - -<p class='c007'>Pauli Gonzales, another of the brigands, -was traced to Vera Cruz, Mexico. -In the present state of that country, however, -it was found impossible to arrest -and extradite him upon the evidence at -hand.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Three other persons concerned in the -robbery are still at large at this writing—“Dutch” -Keller, “Joe the Kid,” and -an “unknown” whose identity is concealed -for police reasons.</p> - -<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_129'>129</span>Montani pleaded “Not guilty,” and -stood trial. After two days, exactly a -month and a day subsequent to the robbery, -he was convicted by a jury, and sentenced -to not less than ten years and not -more than eighteen years and two months -in prison, with hard labor.</p> - -<p class='c007'>A word must be said about the prompt -action of the District Attorney’s office in -the taxicab case. Where crime has had -such publicity there is an opportunity to -make a demonstration of great value by -pressing the prosecutions. It was not -lost. Under Assistant Charles C. Nott, -Jr., evidence was succinctly laid before -judges and juries, the trials finished in -a matter of hours, and convictions and -sentences secured within six weeks after -the robbery. Furthermore, the various -sentences were just, being carefully -graded according to the part played by -each offender, his character and previous -record, and his individual effort -in facilitating justice.</p> -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c001' /> -</div> -<table class='table1' summary=''> -<colgroup> -<col width='23%' /> -<col width='17%' /> -<col width='17%' /> -<col width='17%' /> -<col width='22%' /> -</colgroup> - <tr><td class='c022' colspan='5'><span class='pageno' id='Page_130'>130</span></td></tr> - <tr> - <th class='c023'><i>Name</i></th> - <th class='c023'><i>Arrested</i></th> - <th class='c023'><i>Pleaded</i></th> - <th class='c023'><i>Sentenced</i></th> - <th class='c009'><i>Sentence</i></th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c024'><span class='sc'>Montani, Geno</span></td> - <td class='c024'>Feb. 26,’12</td> - <td class='c024'>Feb. 29,’12</td> - <td class='c024'>Mch. 16,’12</td> - <td class='c025'>Not less than 10 yrs. nor more than 18 yrs. 2 mos. Judge Seabury.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c024'><span class='sc'>Kinsman, Edw.</span></td> - <td class='c024'>Feb. 26,’12</td> - <td class='c024'>Mch. 1,’12</td> - <td class='c024'>April 9,’12</td> - <td class='c025'>Not less than 3 yrs. nor more than 6 yrs. Judge Crain.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c024'><span class='sc'>Splaine, Eugene</span></td> - <td class='c024'>Mch. 2,’12</td> - <td class='c024'>Mch. 4,’12</td> - <td class='c024'>Mch. 25,’12</td> - <td class='c025'>Not less than 7 yrs. 6 mos. nor more than 14 yrs. 6 mos. Judge Seabury.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c024'><span class='sc'>Delio, Robert</span></td> - <td class='c024'>Feb. 28,’12</td> - <td class='c024'>Mch. 4,’12</td> - <td class='c024'>Mch. 29,’12</td> - <td class='c025'>Not less than 2 yrs. 6 mos. nor more than 4 yrs. 2 mos. Judge Seabury.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c024'><span class='sc'>Pasquale, James</span><br /><span class='small'>(“Jimmie the Push”)</span></td> - <td class='c024'>Feb. 28,’12</td> - <td class='c024'>Mch. 4,’12</td> - <td class='c024'>April 8,’12</td> - <td class='c025'>6 mos. Penitent’ry. Judge Davis.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c024'><span class='sc'>Lamb, Joseph</span><br /><span class='small'>(“Scotty the Lamb”)</span></td> - <td class='c024'>Feb. 27,’12</td> - <td class='c024'>Mch. 18,’12</td> - <td class='c024'>Mch. 29,’12</td> - <td class='c025'>Indeterminate sentence, Elmira. Judge Seabury.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c024'><span class='sc'>Arbrano, Matteo</span></td> - <td class='c024'>Mch. 2,’12</td> - <td class='c024'>April 3,’12</td> - <td class='c026'></td> - <td class='c025'>2 to 4 years. Judge Davis.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c024'><span class='sc'>Albrazzo, Jess</span></td> - <td class='c024'>Mch. 26,’12</td> - <td class='c024'>Mch. 18,’12</td> - <td class='c026'></td> - <td class='c025'>3 to 6 years. Judge Davis.</td> - </tr> -</table> -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c001' /> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_131'>131</span> - <h2 class='c005'>FINAL <br /> <span class='small'>A WORD ABOUT THE NEW YORK POLICE</span></h2> -</div> - -<p class='drop-capa_2__6 c016'>It has been the writer’s good fortune -to look into the work of both the London -and the New York policemen -recently, within the same year.</p> - -<p class='c007'>A somewhat embarrassing point arose.</p> - -<p class='c007'>In London, the “bobby” was anxious to -know which police force the writer considered -best. The “bobby” gets his ideas -of the New York “cop” from such accounts -as filter through the cable dispatches -from our newspapers. He hears -chiefly the worst, and pictures the “cop” -as a lawless individual, wielding pistol -and club indiscriminately, with whom it -is not safe to pass a civil word. So, when -he puts his little question about the respective -merits of the two organizations, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_132'>132</span>he reserves the right to keep his opinion -that the London force is best anyway.</p> - -<p class='c007'>In New York, it is much the same. The -“cop” has heard just enough about the -“bobby” to regard him with mild tolerance. -He pictures him as a policeman -servile to the last degree, thankfully accepting -sixpenny tips from pedestrians, -and occupied chiefly with unarmed -thieves and harmless political offenders.</p> - -<p class='c007'>When one has good friends in both -forces, the question “Which do you think -best?” is to be met with tactful evasions. -And the more one thinks it over, the more -it becomes clear that there is really little -difference at bottom. Both police organizations -are made up of good men, following -the same trade along the same -lines, and dealing with about the same -general conditions.</p> - -<p class='c007'>The London “bobby,” however, enjoys -excellent leadership, is governed by a -definite administrative policy, has the -backing of the courts, and therefore -<span class='pageno' id='Page_133'>133</span>comes in for a general public good will -which is exceedingly useful to him in the -performance of duty.</p> - -<p class='c007'>The New York “cop” rather lacks public -good will. Administrative policy has -not been well defined in the past. The -courts do not always accept his evidence, -much less back him up, and he has been -made the scapegoat for various shortcomings -in leadership.</p> - -<p class='c007'>But to-day the New York policeman -is working on an entirely new basis. Before -long his public is certain to understand -and like him as thoroughly as London -does its “bobby.”</p> - -<p class='c007'>The change began with Mayor Gaynor, -who insisted that both policeman and -citizen have plain legal rights—until the -citizen has committed a crime the policeman -may not arrest him. The policeman -has plain rights—the law empowers him -to use all necessary force in making arrests -in grave cases. But force must not -be used for minor offenses. Confusion -<span class='pageno' id='Page_134'>134</span>existed on these points to such a degree -that when the Mayor began insisting -upon them, many people thought he was -putting into effect some of his personal -whims. But they are all in the statute -books, and many of them were there before -the Mayor was born, because they -are constitutional.</p> - -<p class='c007'>The present Police Commissioner, -Rhinelander Waldo, is not only administering -the department along the strict legal -line pointed out by the Mayor, but -is effecting improvements of organization -and method that must favorably alter the -whole future of the service.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Commissioner Waldo is a soldier, with -a record of service in the United States -Army, and the Army’s fine standards to -guide him.</p> - -<p class='c007'>In some ways the administration of the -New York Police Department is a soldier’s -job. If the ten thousand members -were mobilized, they would make quite -an impressive little standing army, with -<span class='pageno' id='Page_135'>135</span>eight or ten full regiments of patrolmen, -a brigade of cavalry, a small transport -corps, a little navy, and so forth. As in -an army, too, the men are enlisted, and -may only be discharged for serious offenses. -It is a force scattered over three -hundred square miles of territory. The -leader must be skillful in laying down -regulations, and handling men in the mass -rather than by personal contact. He must -define duty plainly, hold everybody to -it, eliminate departmental politics and -abuses. Every man, wherever he is stationed, -must feel that the general knows -his business, that he lays down regulations -for good reasons, and that day by day he -is taking the organization somewhere.</p> - -<p class='c007'>For years, every Police Commissioner -has asked for more men to keep pace with -the growing city. When Waldo took -charge he asked, too. While he was waiting, -however, he overhauled the organization -and got one thousand additional -patrolmen by cutting off men detailed for -<span class='pageno' id='Page_136'>136</span>clerical and other special duty. Every -large working force tends to create superfluous -routine work. The useless routine -was eliminated by better accounting methods, -and the men sent back to do the street -duty for which they originally enlisted.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Then Waldo’s system of “fixed posts” -was introduced. Complaints that policemen -were hard to find at night had become -common. So the platoon on duty -from 11 p. m. to 7 a. m. was distributed -by a plan under which the men work in -pairs, one patrolling a given beat and the -other standing on a street intersection. -Each hour they change places, or oftener -in severe weather. The fixed posts are -about a thousand feet apart all over Manhattan -and parts of Brooklyn. The system -has been indiscriminately criticised, -but produces its results. Fire losses were -cut down the first six months, night crime -has decreased, and many notable arrests -are due to the fact that policemen stand -all over town like checkers through the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_137'>137</span>night. The exposure is no greater than -that endured by traffic men. The men -have better opportunities to advance -themselves by making meritorious arrests, -and the Commissioner knows that, as citizens -see the police on duty, night after -night, and crime decreases, there will be -a growing good will for the department.</p> - -<p class='c007'>The Detective Bureau has not only -been reorganized so that plain-clothes -men are distributed over the whole city, -but a new spirit has been introduced. Formerly, -when the patrolman rose to detective -rank, he felt that he had “arrived.” -No longer wearing the uniform or keeping -scheduled hours, he was in danger of -going to sleep. To-day, however, the detective -has, not a job, but an opportunity. -He must maintain his rank by results, or -be reduced. To help him do this, he is -taught methods in the school for detectives. -But he knows that hundreds of -ambitious men in brass buttons are working -to attain that rank.</p> - -<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_138'>138</span>In an organization of ten thousand -men, it would be strange if there were not -some intriguing and politics. New York -policemen are exceptionally shrewd, and -occasionally they will try to “put one -over” on the Commissioner, going around -his authority. But Commissioner Waldo -has proved singularly resourceful. He -meets such an emergency with the quickness, -certainty and impartiality of a natural -force like gravity, and the department -has found it out.</p> - -<p class='c007'>He has laid out a clear path for advancement -all through the department. -The newest uniformed patrolman understands -that, for meritorious work, he will -have a chance of promotion. If he makes -a commendable arrest, he is sent to the -Detective Bureau, given instruction, and -tried at detective work. If he makes -good, he stays. If unfitted for plain-clothes -duty, he has still had his chance. -What is just as important, the Detective -Bureau has had a chance to see him.</p> - -<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_139'>139</span>Under Commissioner Waldo and Deputy -Commissioner Dougherty, the so-called -“Black Hand” crimes among -Italians have been checked, and will be -stopped. Many of these cases were traced -to sensational reporting of ordinary quarrels -and assaults, and others to business -rivalries. In the serious cases, arrests -have been made and convictions secured.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Another well-known form of law-breaking -in New York is gambling. This -is particularly difficult to check because -of ingenuity in concealing evidence, developed -by long experience on the part -of the law-breakers, and also the strong -political alliances of gambling-house -keepers. But after several experiments in -dealing with it, the Commissioner now -feels confident that he has a method -which will result in the suppression of -gambling, and that, as he says, “When -you put a crimp into things of that sort -they don’t generally come back.”</p> - -<p class='c007'>In other directions red tape has been -<span class='pageno' id='Page_140'>140</span>abolished and economies brought about; -the way has been opened for individual -merit in all ranks; steps have been taken -to develop and teach better methods; the -work of the department has been brought -closer to the public. There is a new spirit -in the New York Police Department to-day—a -spirit certain to develop the -public good will and appreciation that is -so necessary to the best order of public -service.</p> - -<hr class='c014' /> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c027'> - <div>SOME INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT THE POLICE</div> - <div>DEPARTMENT OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK</div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c028'>The Police Department of the City of New York is made -up as follows:</p> - - <dl class='dl_1'> - <dt> </dt> - <dd>Commissioner and four Deputy Commissioners - </dd> - <dt>19</dt> - <dd>Inspectors - </dd> - <dt>25</dt> - <dd>Surgeons - </dd> - <dt>95</dt> - <dd>Captains - </dd> - <dt>624</dt> - <dd>Lieutenants - </dd> - <dt>586</dt> - <dd>Sergeants - </dd> - <dt>8,585</dt> - <dd>Patrolmen - </dd> - <dt>191</dt> - <dd>Doormen - </dd> - <dt>69</dt> - <dd>Matrons - </dd> - <dt>1</dt> - <dd>Superintendent of Telegraph - </dd> - <dt>2</dt> - <dd>Assistant Superintendents of Telegraph - </dd> - <dt>1</dt> - <dd>Chief Lineman - </dd> - <dt>5</dt> - <dd>Linemen - </dd> - <dt>2</dt> - <dd>Boiler Inspectors - </dd> - <dt>------</dt> - <dd> - </dd> - <dt>10,207</dt> - <dd>Total uniform force - </dd> - </dl> - -<p class='c028'><span class='pageno' id='Page_141'>141</span>Of this number, 500 are detectives in civilian dress.</p> - -<p class='c028'>In addition, there are over 247 civilians employed in clerical -capacity.</p> - -<p class='c028'>There are 6 automobiles and 161 other vehicles, including -patrol wagons, used by the Department. Also 679 horses for -mounted patrolmen.</p> - -<p class='c028'>The Harbor Squad numbers: 1 Captain, 7 Lieutenants, 9 -Sergeants, 36 Patrolmen, 2 Doormen, besides civilians employed -as engineers, firemen, oilers, deck-hands, etc.</p> - -<p class='c028'>It is provided with one vessel of 235 tons, five launches, -two dories, and six boats.</p> - -<p class='c028'>These boats patrol about 340 miles of water front.</p> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's The Great Taxicab Robbery, by James H. 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