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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9c86605 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #53113 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/53113) diff --git a/old/53113-0.txt b/old/53113-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 8d14199..0000000 --- a/old/53113-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2997 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Myths and Tales from the White Mountain -Apache, by Pliny Earle Goddard - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Myths and Tales from the White Mountain Apache - Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural - History Vol. XXIV, Part II - -Author: Pliny Earle Goddard - -Release Date: September 21, 2016 [EBook #53113] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MYTHS, TALES FROM WHITE MT. APACHE *** - - - - -Produced by Richard Tonsing, Larry B. Harrison and the -Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net -(This file was produced from images generously made -available by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - - - - - ANTHROPOLOGICAL PAPERS - OF - THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY - - VOL. XXIV, PART II - - - - - MYTHS AND TALES FROM THE WHITE MOUNTAIN APACHE - - - BY - - PLINY EARLE GODDARD - -[Illustration: THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY SCIENCE EDUCATION] - - NEW YORK - PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES - 1919 - - - - - MYTHS AND TALES FROM THE WHITE MOUNTAIN APACHE. - - BY PLINY EARLE GODDARD. - - - - - INTRODUCTION. - - -These myths and tales are the free translations of texts recorded in the -dialect of the White Mountain Apache. The texts themselves with word for -word translations follow as Part IV of the volume. They were recorded, -with one exception, during the winter of 1910 as a part of the studies -made in the Southwest under the yearly grant of Mr. Archer M. -Huntington. The creation myth, secured from Noze, differs in important -incidents from the versions given above from the San Carlos as well as -from versions secured from other White Mountain Apache. It should not be -assumed that these differences are tribal, it is more probable that they -are individual, since forms from the San Carlos and Navajo are closely -similar to each other. - -The greater number of the remaining narratives were secured from the -father of Frank Crockett, the interpreter employed. Several of these are -ceremonial and religious in their character and probably would not have -been given except for the son's influence. Two of these were later -secured from San Carlos informants in more extended form but highly -corroborative in their general agreement. - -The main purpose in recording these narratives was to secure sufficient -and varied connected texts in the dialect of the White Mountain Apache. -As a collection of mythology and folklore it is probably far from -complete. It is assumed, however, to be fairly representative. - - PLINY EARLE GODDARD. - - January, 1919. - - - - - CONTENTS. - - - PAGE. - - INTRODUCTION 89 - - CREATION MYTH 93 - - NAIYENEZGANI 115 - - THE PLACING OF THE EARTH 119 - - THE ADOLESCENCE CEREMONY 123 - - THE MIGRATION OF THE GANS 124 - - RELEASING THE DEER 126 - - DEER WOMAN 127 - - THE GAMBLER WHO SECURED THE WATER-CEREMONY 128 - - THE MAN WHO VISITED THE SKY WITH THE EAGLES 132 - - HE WHO BECAME A SNAKE 135 - - THE HUNTER WHO SECURED THE BEAR CEREMONY 136 - - THE CANNIBAL OWL 137 - - THE DOINGS OF COYOTE 138 - - BIBLIOGRAPHY 139 - - - - - CREATION MYTH.[1] - - -There were many houses there. A maiden went from the settlement to the -top of a high mountain[2] and came where the rays of the rising Sun -first strike. She raised her skirt and the “breath” of the Sun entered -her. She went up the mountain four mornings, and four times the breath -of the Sun penetrated her. This girl who had never been married became -pregnant and the people were making remarks about it. - -She went up the mountain on four successive days and four days after -that, eight days altogether, she gave birth to a child. Four days later, -the child stood on its feet. His fingers and toes were webbed and he had -neither eyebrows nor eyelashes and the hairs on his head were scattered, -one in a place. His ears were round with only the openings. Everyone -said he did not look like a man. After four more days he walked well and -played with the other children. - -His mother went again to the east and lay down under a place where water -was dripping. The water fell into her as it dripped from the hanging -algæ. She did this four times and became pregnant. After four days they -all saw that her abdomen was enlarged and when she had been in that -condition four days, eight days in all, she gave birth to another -child.[3] When it was four days old it stood up and was able to walk -well. Its appearance was like that of the first child. It had webbed -hands and feet and was without hair. It had round ears with holes only. -The children walked about together, the head of one being higher than -that of the other. - -The people were asking, “Whose children are these going about?” They -wanted to know who would make them like human beings. “Who are the kin -of the woman whose children are going about among us?” The mother had a -sister who wondered why the people were saying these things, for the -boys had a father who lived a long way off. - -The boys were eight days old and big enough to run about and were -becoming intelligent. They asked their mother where their father was -living. “Why do you ask?” she said. “You cannot go to him.” “Why do you -say that? Why do you hide our father from us?” the boys asked. “Well, do -you really want to go where your father lives?” she asked them. “Why do -you suppose we are asking?” the boys replied. “We will go where our -father lives.” Their mother told them that they were talking foolishly, -that the distance was great, and that they would not be able to go. The -boys insisted but were again discouraged by their mother. They finally -said that it must be they had no father if they could not go to him. The -mother then consented and said they three would go to the top of a great -mountain. She cut a supply of meat and after four days, when it was near -dawn, they started. They came to the top of the mountain when it was day -and stood there facing the Sun. The woman stood between the boys holding -them by the hand. When the sun was rising she said: “Look, your father -is rising. Observe well. His breath streams out from four sides. Go -towards the streaming out of his breath. There are dangerous things -living in the east. What have you to go with?” She had a brown fly and -she gave it to the boys, that it might sit by their ears. The fly was to -show them the way and tell them where the dangerous ones lived. - -She told them they were to start at midday. They remained there until -the sun reached the sky hole.[4] They then went four times around the -trees on top of the mountain. The woman started home and the boys set -out on their journey. - -The boys went toward the east but the Sun was going in the opposite -direction.[5] The boys sat down and cried. A Raven, spreading out his -wings, alighted nearby and asked the boys why they were crying. The boys -replied that their father lived over there and that they were going to -visit him. The Raven asked if they were carrying anything in the way of -food with them. They replied that they had some meat. The Raven said -they might ride on his back if they would give him some of the meat. The -fly told them it would be all right to ride on the Raven, that the Raven -could see half the way and that there someone was living who knew the -remainder of the way. They were told by the Raven to break up the meat -and put the pieces in his mouth, that two of the parcels would sustain -him until he finished the journey as far as he knew the way. They were -directed to get on the Raven's back. The Raven began by flying near the -ground, then went higher and higher, circling around. A hot rain fell -but the Raven covered them with his wings. They kept putting the meat -into the Raven's mouth. When they had fed the Raven two pieces of the -meat they passed through a cloud where the large Eagle lived. The Raven -told them that that one (the Eagle) would now take them, that he knew -all the places because he saw everything upon the earth; that he himself -would go back. - -The Eagle asked them where they were going, saying that he lived in a -dangerous place. The boys indicated the direction they were going, -saying they had been told their father lived there. Eagle said it was -true their father lived at that place and asked if they had heard about -his house. The boys replied that their mother had told them that the Sun -was their father and that he lived over there. Because she had told them -this they were on their way to see him. Eagle asked them by what means -they intended to go, saying even he was in danger from the Sun. The fly -staying by the ear of one of the boys flew away and soon returned with -the statement that the dangerous places did exist and that Eagle, with -whom they were sitting, was the one who knew and was in control of these -dangerous places. Before the house of the Sun was ice, interlocked like -fallen timber. Eagle addressed the boys, asking if they had with them -anything from the earth, meaning meat. They replied that they had and -each of the boys took some from his pocket. Eagle asked for some of it, -which when it was given him he ate. - -Eagle then said they would set out, for he knew the trail. He requested -them to put meat in his mouth as he flew with them, indicating the -amount which would be sufficient, for the trail. When they were seated -on the Eagle he started down with them, circling around as he flew. A -storm of hail fell on them, the hailstones being large with thirty-two -points.[6] The eagle protected the boys by covering them with his wings -which were rolled back over them. When they had passed through the storm -Eagle asked that meat be put in his mouth. When he had been fed he flew -away with the boys and went through a hole which was there for him. When -he came to the trail he alighted and pointing out the path told them -that it led to the house of the Sun.[7] He said that he himself would -now turn back home. - -The boys went forward until they crossed a shallow valley beyond which -was the house, which had projections running out in four directions. -When they walked with their eyes closed the house went out of sight, but -when they opened their eyes the house settled down again. It did this -four times and then it stood firmly. The two boys walked on and coming -to the house, stood in front of the entrance. An old woman who was the -wife of the Sun sat there. - -She advised them to go on wherever they were intending to go, since a -person of mean disposition was soon to arrive. The woman who spoke to -them was really handsome but she sat there in the form of an old woman. -The boys replied that they had been told that their father lived there, -and that they had started to come that morning. The woman replied that -she did not know who their father was. The boys said that the Sun was -their father and they had come to visit him. The woman then asked who -had told them that the Sun was their father. They said their mother had -told them so. The woman told them that their father would soon return -and asked them to be seated on a chair she indicated. When they were -seated, the chair kept whirling around with them. When the chair would -lift up the woman would make it come down again. When the woman saw the -chair come down again she announced herself as nearly convinced they had -spoken the truth. - -Saying that the Sun was now coming close, she took four silk blankets[8] -of different colors which had been sewed together projecting in four -directions and rolled the boys up in them. She put them into an inside -room. They heard the Sun come back and heard him speak. “Old woman, -where are the two men who came here?” he asked. The woman replied: “I -have not seen anyone. No one has been here.” “You say there is no one. -They must have come, for here are their tracks,” the Sun replied. “You -must have been cohabiting with someone else. You say you travel over -this broad earth and that you do not visit anyone. You must have been -deceiving me about it for two men came in from that trail saying they -are your children,” his wife said. The Sun asked that they be brought -in, and the woman opened the door, brought in the roll of blankets, and -threw it down. The Sun shook the blankets and two men stood up. The Sun -spoke: “Hesh, do you consider these to be my children? They do not look -like me.” He stood by them and repeated his question, calling attention -to their webbed hands and feet and their round ears. “Are you really my -children?” he asked them. “Who is called the Sun, I wonder?” the -youngest of the boys said, and water fell from his eyes. “Well, maybe -you are my children. Sit here and wait,” the Sun said. Their fly looked -around and reported that the man was their father. After examining the -room everywhere, the inner corners, the windows, and door, the fly told -them that ordeals were being prepared for them. He said that soon a -blazing sky would be arranged, into which they would be thrown. The fly -looked around for downy feathers which he gave the boys. - -When the Sun had finished eating he asked that those who said they were -the Sun's children should be brought in. He threw them into the place of -danger. He pushed them in with lightning which had sharp spines. They -turned into downy feathers and stood in front of him again. “It is -true,” the Sun said. He threw them in four times, pushing them down. -Each time they turned into feathers and came back in front of the Sun as -before. The Sun then said he was convinced that they were his children. -His wife said: “They told you they were your children, but you have -treated them badly.” The Sun replied: “They certainly are my children -but I did not believe it before.” The Sun asked his wife to prepare a -sweatlodge as soon as they had eaten. - -She made a sweatlodge covered with a blue blanket on one side, a black -one on another side, a white one on another side, and a yellow one on -another side. His wife had the stones heated red hot, like red hot iron. -They three went right in, but the Sun only came out again. When the bath -had been heated the fourth time the boys were as if they had been -boiled. He pushed back the skin which was between their fingers and -toes. He fixed for them their lower leg muscles, their knees, their -thighs, their biceps, their elbows, and their lower arms. He made the -hair of their heads come to their hips, twisting it off at that length. -He made their ears, their eyelashes, and their eyebrows, their noses, -their mouths, and their faces. He fixed every part of their bodies as it -should be. The Sun went out of the bath with the boys and sat with them -on the seat where his wife usually sat. They were just like men.[9] When -the wife of the Sun came and stood in front of them she looked at them -closely, but could not distinguish one from the other. “Move, husband,” -she said. The one sitting in the middle moved himself. “You told me you -had not been with any woman but you fooled me. These are your children. -You must have a wife. Go home with them,” the woman said. - -The Sun spoke to his wife, saying that these were his children but that -if he went away with them to the earth she would be lonesome. Only today -there was a good sunset. “Just now when you said 'no' your eye winked,” -he said to her. “I am jealous of what is far away,” she said. The Sun -said he would not go, but would talk to his children. - -“My boys, shall I give you names?” “Yes, it is not well to be without -names,” they replied. Then the Sun said he would name them. He told the -older his name would be Naiyenezgani and that he must behave well.[10] -He told the other one that he would be named Tobatc'istcini. “When you -are upon the earth you will be called so and you will tell them that -your father named you that. You shall say, 'He made my name -Naiyenezgani.' But you, 'Tobatc'istcini he made my name,' you must tell -them.” - -The Sun then asked them for what they had come. They told him they had -come for his horse, his saddle, his bridle, his halter, his rope, and -his saddle blanket. The Sun asked who had told them he had such -property. The older one replied that their mother had told them what -property he had and had told them that she would be happy if they -brought it back to the earth. She said that he (the Sun) would also be -happy. The Sun replied that he had no property, no horse, saddle, -bridle, halter, rope, or saddle blanket. The fly had told them that the -Sun had these, but he looked around again and reported that the Sun had -them close by. - -“Let us go over there,” one of them proposed. They went to a fenced -enclosure and entered through a gate. The yard was so full of black -bears that the mass of their moving backs occupied the entire space. -“Which of those are my horses?” the Sun asked. “They are fearful -animals,” the boys replied. “These are my horses,” the Sun insisted and -mounted one of them and rode around on it. The fly informed the boys -that they were being deceived. The Sun proposed that they should go in -another direction to another enclosure. Inside this yard were white-tail -deer, mule deer, elk, and mountain-sheep. The Sun announced that these -were his horses and told the boys to choose any one they liked and catch -it. “Which is the largest?” he asked them. “These are not horses,” the -boys replied, “they are named deer. We asked you for horses.” The Sun -insisted they were his horses and that he rode them great distances. -“Well, you have outwitted me. I thought I would succeed in outwitting -you, but you have won.” The younger brother asked the Sun what he was -concealing from them, saying he could find them. The Sun asked them not -to say that and proposed that they look in another place where he had a -few horses confined. They went to the place indicated and found the -place filled with antelope, sheep, goats, and pigs. “Catch any one of -these you want,” the Sun said. “You tend to them here alone,” the boys -replied and walked out leaving the Sun who followed behind. - -They went to the house and ate a meal. Their fly told them that the -Sun's horses were in the enclosure that had four doors. When they had -finished eating they went to this enclosure which was a house with a -roof having holes in it. It had spikes like irons, sticking up from it. -It was closed and completely dark. “There are horses in there,” the fly -told them. The Sun said, “I told you it was useless.” One of the boys -asked that they might look in. There was a door there which he opened. A -little beyond it was another door, a little beyond another, and a little -beyond that another, and still beyond that another. They now came to -horses in the enclosure but could not enter. By standing on something -they could see through a hole in the roof. They could not get in between -the horses until they were caused to separate and to open up a passage. -The Sun then told them to catch the horse that they thought was his. The -fly sitting by one of their ears told them they were to catch the horse -with a rope which they should induce the Sun to give them. When the Sun -again urged them to catch the horse without delay, they asked whether -they should lead the horse by the mane or carry him out in their hands. -The Sun, with spotted ropes in his hand, went right through the door -which he opened. He gave one of the ropes to each of the boys, telling -them to catch the horses which were his. The animals were milling around -in the enclosure. In the center was one which was not moving, a sorrel -with a small white spot on its forehead. Its mane reached the ground. -When it raised its head one of the boys started toward it, the horses -separating. He threw the rope and caught the horse which he led back. -The Sun then told the other boy to catch a horse, wanting to know who -had told him which horse to catch. There was a stallion running around -the outside of the herd. Its mane reached the ground; he was acting wild -but the fly told them that although he acted as if he were mean he was -really gentle. He directed them to take both these horses from the Sun. -When the other boy started with his rope toward the stallion he was -running around the outside of the herd and coming toward the boy. When -he came close and saw the boy he stopped and then wheeled back. The boy -lassoed it and immediately the horse trotted up to him, nosing his arm. -He led the stallion up beside the sorrel horse which was a mare. The Sun -said: “There they are, ride them, take them with you to the earth.” - -The boys then asked for the horse trappings for which they had also -come. The Sun said he did not know what they meant by horse trappings. -The younger boy said, “Well, if you do not know what horse trappings -are, do not again put them on these horses in the corral.” The Sun asked -who it was who had made them as smart as he was himself. They replied -that he, the Sun, had made them smart and had made them speak wisely. -They then asked by name for bridle, halter, saddle blanket, and -saddle.[11] Turning his back to the boys he walked away and opened a -door, bidding the boys enter. They went in and saw saddles lying there -with bridles hanging on the saddle horns. The blankets were lying -beneath. Before they went in the fly flew in and selected two out of all -the saddles. One was lying at the east and the other at the west. The -first was blue and the other yellow. The fly had returned to one of -their ears by the time the Sun said: “There are those saddles, take the -ones you want.” The fly told the boys that the saddles which looked good -really were not, but that they should choose the blue and yellow ones, -indicating them, and the blankets, halters, bridles, and ropes of -similar colors lying by them. These were the Sun's own particular set of -trappings. When the Sun urged them to hurry up each boy stepped toward -the saddle he had chosen. When they did so the saddles moved of -themselves with the blankets and bridles. There was a sound “gij” of the -moving leather and “tsil” as they came to rest. - -The Sun turned his face away and took a black silk handkerchief which -had two white stripes around the border from his pocket. With this he -wiped his eyes. “I raised you for just this purpose,” he said. The Sun -started to walk toward the horses. Their fly had told them not to touch -the saddles, that the Sun himself would fix them. “They belong to you,” -the fly said. “Everything is alive; the rope on the horse moves about of -itself. The saddle will jump on of itself.”[12] The fly told them this. -The halter was gone, the bridle and saddle blanket which had been lying -on the saddle were gone. The halter, bridle, and saddle blanket that had -been with the blue saddle were also gone. The Sun called them to come -where he was standing. They both went out again and the doors of the -saddle room and of the stable were shut. - -They went to the Sun, who was standing between the two horses so that -their heads projected as he held the bridles. They started away, the -boys walking in front of the Sun as he directed them to do. They passed -through the four doors to a post standing in front of the Sun's house. -He led the horses to the post where they stood without being tied.[13] -There were four chairs standing inside the Sun's house; and one by -itself for the woman.[14] His children sat on the chairs and his wife -sat on the one which was hers. The Sun addressed them as follows:— - -“My boys, I will instruct you about the dangerous places you will come -to. The horses know the dangerous places on the way back. My wife is -pleased with you and treats you well. That is why you are to have these -horses, one of which is hers. The other is mine and so is the saddle, -bridle, halter, and saddle blanket. They are all mine. You will go back -to your kindred. When you are near, hurry. I will give you something.” - -The Sun got up and reached inside to a shelf from which he took up an -iron knife like a sword. Turning around he took up a bow and arrows -having iron heads. There were two of the arrows. “I give these to you,” -he said. “You are giving us these! Our mother did not know about them. -Why does she not give us something?” the boys said. The Sun's wife said -she would speak a few words to them. “You shall be my nephews. Your -mother shall be my sister. She shall be like me. Because of this I have -treated you well. She shall be the same as I. I become an old woman and -at other times I am as if I were two years old. She shall be the same -way.[15] You shall tell her this before the Sun travels far. I am the -one telling you; he did not tell you. I will name my sister. Your father -will give you names.” The Sun picked something up and was still holding -it. “Wait, I will tell you something and after that he will give you a -name. I name her Nigostsanbikayo.[16] Every one will call her that. She -will come to me. You, too, will come to me. I give a name to your -mother. She will be called Ests'unnadlehi and she will help you. I make -a name for her, Ests'unnadlehi, and with that she will help you. When -she has children again they will be two girls. These girls will belong -to the people for there will be people.[17] She will help them. I, too, -will help them when they come to me. He, too, will help his children. -That is why I am telling you and you must remember it well. I have -finished. Your father will tell you about the objects he is about to -give you.” - -The Sun gave the elder boy a weapon saying, “This will be called a 'blue -sword.' You will use it against the monsters on the earth. Because of -that I gave you the name, Naiyenezgani.” He gave the weapon to him -saying, “That is all for you.” Addressing the younger, he said, “Now I -give this to you, Tobatc'istcini. You will use this which I give you -against those who prey upon people. You are to help each other. I shall -be near you watching you. Whatever you do will be known to me. It will -be well if you kill these evil ones. The people will live everywhere.” -He gave him the bow with the injunction that he should draw the bow -three times without releasing the arrow and then he should shoot the -dangerous beings and they would fly apart. Having said this, he proposed -they should eat something. The Sun's wife was still sitting in her -accustomed seat. The men went to the table, well loaded with food -prepared by some unknown agency, and began to eat. The Sun's wife gave -the elder one a spotted belt with a yellow fringe hanging from its -border. - -When they had finished the meal, the Sun said he did not know how the -visitors were to return. They went where the horses stood and the Sun -said, “Children, this stallion will go well in the lead. Now mount the -horses.” He held the stirrup and saddle horn and told the boys to get -on. They did so and rode away from the Sun's house where towards the -east a post stands up with white hair[18] which reaches to the ground -and turns up again. The rain falls on it. They rode their horses around -this post four times and came back where they were standing before, as -the Sun directed them to do. - -When they had finished, the Sun's wife came up to them and told her -husband to count for his sons the two saddle blankets, two halters, two -bridles, two ropes, and two saddles. The Sun told them to start home; -that he was well acquainted with them. He charged them to take good care -of the saddle blankets and directed that the gray horse should go in the -lead because he knew the trail to the place midway between the earth and -the sky. From that point the sorrel horse was to lead because that one -knew the way from there on. When they returned where their mother lived -he told them to stake the horses out for four nights. The sorrel was to -be staked toward the east and the gray to the west. Having ridden the -horses among the people they were to unsaddle them in some good place. A -white saddle blanket was to be placed toward the east, a black one to -the south, a yellow one to the west, and a blue one to the north.[19] -The bridles, halters, ropes, and saddles were to be brought to the camp. -He charged them to keep in mind what he was telling, for he was telling -them this that they might be good men. He divided his property between -his boys. He told them after the horses had been running loose four days -to go to them early in the morning. This might be in any good place -where canyons meet, making a flat. When they came to them they were to -hold out their hands, palms upward, towards the horses. They were to -catch the horses while they were licking their hands. They were to -consider what he told them and when they should go for the horses after -four days, the four canyons coming together would be full of horses. -When their horses had been caught by holding out their hands, the saddle -blankets, one on the other, were to be put on them and the horses were -to be saddled. They were to ride the horses all day until sunset when -they were to be turned out again. Having turned them out, they were told -they might go the next day to see what was happening. Having finished -his speech he dismissed the boys. - -They went with the Sun until they came to the top of the ridge, where -they stopped. The Sun felt the horses all over. He felt of their legs, -their feet, their faces, their ears, their manes, their backs, petting -them. “Goodbye, my horses,” he said, “travel well for my boys down to -the earth. There is food for you on the earth the same as here.” He -addressed the gray horse, telling him to be the leader on the way toward -the earth since he knew the way. He told the boys not to look at the -horses' feet nor to look behind them, but to keep their eyes fixed on -the tips of their ears. - -They started; before they knew it the horses had changed places, and the -sorrel was leading. They thought the earth was far off but they soon -found the horses were trotting along on the earth. Now the horses were -running with them toward their camp. They rode up slowly where the -people were walking about. They rode to the camp side by side, and the -people all ran out to look at them. Their mother was standing outside -watching them and they rode up one on each side of her. “Mother, -Ests'unnadlehi, unsaddle our horses,” they said to her. - -The people all came up to them. The woman, laughing, ran her hand over -the horses saying, “Your father gave you large horses.” When the people -had all come there, the boys told them to call their mother -Ests'unnadlehi. They all called her by that name. The older boy said -they were to call him Naiyenezgani. The younger one said they were to -call him Tobatc'istcini.[20] They addressed them saying, “When we were -here before you used to laugh at us because we were poor. We used to -walk because we were poor. We have visited our father where he lives. -The Sun's wife named our mother. Call me Naiyenezgani. That one was -given the name, Tobatc'istcini. These will be our names and be careful -to call them correctly. Do not come near these horses. We will stake one -out here and the other one there. They will remain tied out four days. -You may go.” - -Before sundown on the fourth day the horses whinnied. They went to their -horses and saddled them. They rode around among the camps until sundown -and then rode them to a flat where four canyons came together. They hung -a white saddle blanket toward the east, a black one to the south, a -yellow one to the west, and a blue one to the north. Their fly told them -to hang the blankets in four places, making an enclosure of them. After -four days they were to come and would find conditions different. He -charged the boys not to miss doing just as their father had told them. -They went back to the camp carrying the saddles, bridles, halters, and -ropes. After two days had passed their fly flew away. He returned, -reporting that there were many horses filling the place where the four -canyons came together. The next day he reported that the horses were so -thick one could walk on their backs. The next day (the fourth), about -sunrise, the two boys went there with their ropes in their hands. When -they came to the eastern canyon it was full of white horses, the -southern one was full of black horses, the western was full of yellow -horses, and the northern canyon with blue (gray) horses. - -They took down all the saddle blankets and piled them together. With -valleys in four directions full of horses they did not know their former -horses from the others. They considered how they might distinguish them. -The horses were milling around near where a blanket hung. They were all -mingled together with the colors mixed. The men approached the horses -but they stopped before they got to them. They extended their hands with -pollen on the palms and the horses whinneyed. Then two horses trotted up -to them and licked the pollen from the hands of their owners who caught -them while they did it.[21] They led these horses back to the camp where -the saddles, etc., were lying. - -When they led these two horses all the others followed. Their fly told -them all about the two horses, what they had done, and that they had -made many horses for them. Four days from now it would come about that -the broad earth would be covered with horses. Their fly flew to the -Sun's camp and the Sun instructed him. “Drive the horses over this way -and put a halter on top of that mountain; put a rope on the top of this -mountain to the south; put a halter on the top of the mountain to the -west; and put a rope on the mountain to the north. Your father says -this,” the fly told them. - -The older of the brothers told the people that they should ride the -horses and not think they were wild. “Catch any of them and saddle them. -When you have ridden your horses, then do not go near them for four -days. Keep away from the horses which are inside where the halters and -ropes are lying. Turn the horses loose in the space enclosed by the -ropes and the halter. If they see you they may stampede. These horses -will be of great value to you.” - -The brothers rode the two horses and the others all followed. When the -two horses whinneyed, the others all answered. They took off the ropes -and went back to camp. They asked their mother to put up two posts and -to put a smooth pole across their tops. She was asked to put the saddles -on this pole with their horns toward the east.[22] The bridles were to -be hung on the saddle horns and the saddle blankets spread over the -saddles. They asked her to think about the saddles where they were lying -during the night. - -She kept her mind on the saddles during the night and in the early -morning she went out to them. There were four saddles on the pole where -there had been only two. She still kept her mind on the saddles and the -next morning there were six lying there. “My child,” she said, “you -spoke the truth. I kept my mind on the saddles and six are now lying -there.” Tobatc'istcini said, “Very well, keep thinking about them all -night and go to them early in the morning.” When she went out, there -were eight saddles on the pole. - -Naiyenezgani said he was going yonder and would be back by sunset. He -went to the mountain top where the halter lay. The Sun was standing -there. “It must be my father,” he said. “I did not know you. I am glad -you came down to me.” “Well, my son,” the Sun replied, “let us go around -the horses.” “What time will it be when we get around them?” the son -asked. Leaving the place where the halters were lying they went where -the ropes were. The space was level full of horses. “Fine, my son,” the -Sun said to Naiyenezgani, “with ropes and halters you made a fence so -the horses cannot get out. You have this broad world for a corral.” - -They went on and came where the halters were piled up. “These halters -will round up the wild horses for you and you will put them on their -heads.” They went on and came where the rope hung. “These ropes will -drive the horses together for you. They will drive the wild horses close -to camp for you.” They started back and came where Naiyenezgani had met -the Sun. “I have done everything for you,” the Sun said. “Now I am going -back and leave you. You too will go home. Tomorrow it will be finished. -You will give your people two horses apiece. Give each of them one -stallion and one mare. Distribute them from noon until sunset. These -horses are mares and stallions in equal numbers. Tonight two saddles are -to be placed on the pole you put up. You shall keep three saddles and -give away seven. When you give away the horses give away seven saddles. -Now my son, we separate. Shake hands. Others will do as we do.” They -said _njo_ to each other and separated. It was not long before he was -back and stood there as the sun set. He was happy and laughing. “Where -have you been, my son?” his mother asked. “You must have been in a good -place or you would not be laughing.” “What did you say, mother?” he -replied. “I am happy; when I came over there where the halter lay I met -my father. I walked with him all day. As we walked around the horses he -told me about everything. I am happy.” - -He said that none of them should go out tomorrow, but that he himself -would go out early. When he went out there in front of the yellow saddle -lay a white saddle. Behind that was a blue one. Between them was a -yellow saddle. The pole was full. There were ten saddles in a row. “I -told you to put up a long pole, and you put up a short one,” he said to -his mother. “You said dig one hole here and another there, my son,” she -replied. “Just these may well be our saddles,” he said. He called -Tobatc'istcini, saying they would go to catch the horses. “You go to the -rope over there. I, too, will go to the other rope. Hurry, we will catch -the horses,” he said to him. He ran where one rope was, and the other -one went where the other rope was. When they came to the two ropes, they -circled around, driving the horses all towards each other. They could -not find their own horses, the Sun's horses. They went into the -enclosure and walked around. Even when they went around that way they -could not find the horses. They looked for them again, going around -among the other horses, but they could not find them. The horses touched -each other, they were so thick. - -Then Tobatc'istcini said, “Naiyenezgani, why do you act so? Is your mind -gone? You say you met your father yesterday and that you spent the day -going around the horses. He took them out of the herd, and away from -you.” - -Naiyenezgani caught a black stallion and the other brother a sorrel -gelding. When they led them to the camp their mother asked -Tobatc'istcini why he had caught a sorrel and told him to turn him loose -and catch a white gelding. She said the gray and sorrel horses were made -for them and that they were well trained the day before. She told them -to hurry and drive the horses in. Tobatc'istcini rode the sorrel horse -back and unsaddled it. He then caught a white horse and drove the gray -horses back to the camp.[23] - -“Let us go,” he said to his brother. They mounted the horses and rode -along. Their mother spoke to them, “My boys, take off that yellow saddle -and put on a white one.” When they came riding back where their mother -was, a horse whinneyed. It sounded like the voice of the gray stallion -that used to be his horse. Another horse whinneyed in this direction and -the voice was like that of the sorrel mare. They knew their horses when -they whinneyed and one said to the other, “Brother, those are our horses -whinneying but we cannot do anything about it.”[24] “Let us hurry,” the -other said. They rode toward the herd of horses but the horses started -to run and the herd broke up. While they were looking they ran where -their horses whinneyed. Their fly told them that the horses had already -run into the enclosure and that the four doors were shut. They heard -them whinneying far away. Their fly said the horses were already in -their stable, but they still whinneyed. They drove the other horses near -the camp. The older brother told the people to form in a line around the -horses. He said they were going to stake out horses for them. The people -replied that they had no ropes, that only the two brothers had them. -They asked the brothers to make ropes for them. They were told to wait -while they returned where the horses used to be. They told them that -they would have ropes the next day. The brothers went in different -directions, calling to each other. They met and sent their fly to the -Sun because the people were without ropes. He told his brother to go -back where he had been staying. He directed him also to take the bridle -off and to leave the rope as it was, tied to the saddle. “When the Sun -is in the middle of the sky we will drive the horses back. Although it -is late the Sun will be in the same place.[25] He (the Sun) may give us -something,” he said. - -The fly returned and reported: “Your horse was standing behind him. He -sat watching where the stallions were fighting each other. He kept -looking at them and then he went a little way.” - -The Sun's disk was yellow as at sunset. He looked down four times. The -yellow beams struck under his raised knees. From the other side they -also streamed toward him. Nothing happened, and he got up and went to -his horse. When he put his foot in the stirrup and mounted, ropes were -tied in four places to the saddle strings where there had been no ropes -before. Both saddles were that way. They both mounted together and their -horses pawed the ground and snorted. He rode back to the camp, loping, -and the other horses strung out behind him. The other brother was -running his horse on the other side. They stopped near the camp. The -horses were all lined up facing him. He called to the one on horseback, -“Come here.” He rode up to him and he asked how many ropes there were. -The other replied he did not know for he had not counted them, and -inquired of the other how many ropes he had. The first speaker replied -that he did not know. Then the younger brother said the other should -catch the horses for them and lead them out while he remained on his -horse where he was. The other brother then rode among the horses and -caught a mare. He led the horse out and gave the rope to one of the men. -He rode back among the horses and caught a stallion. When he had caught -six horses, the ropes were all gone. He beckoned with his hand and his -brother rode up to him. “Had you only six ropes?” he asked. “Yes, I only -had six and I have caught six horses. Now, take your turn and I will -remain here on horseback.” The second brother caught the horses and -reported that he had chosen the better horses. The horses were all good -but some of them looked to be small. - -They told the people there were only seven saddles and that so many of -the men might have saddles, but that the others must ride around -bareback for the present. He told them that some time they might have -saddles because the Sun knew of their need and he himself knew it. He -instructed them to tie out their horses close by. He said if they heard -the horses nickering they would know that the stallions were covering -the mares. They would also know the colts when they were foaled. If they -turned their horses loose they might not know them. The ropes he said -would guard their horses for them. They would now drive back the other -horses while those who had received horses staked theirs out. - -He drove the horses away and hung his bridle up. The other one he laid -in another direction. He took the saddle and everything else back to the -camp. They came back to the camp in the middle of the night but they did -not know it was night because the Sun had not moved. - -When two days had passed two men came. There were many horses where they -had passed. They reported that something was running around the other -side of this large mountain. They did not know what it was, nor to whom -it belonged. They wondered what was meant and sent their fly to find -out. He flew away and came back almost immediately. He said it was true. -On the ridge beyond the mountain he saw horse tracks and a trail with -dust as fine as flour. - -One of the brothers asked his mother to cook for the men quickly. It was -while they were eating that the fly reported. “Fly back there,” he -directed him. He told the visitors to remain, for they were no doubt -tired. They went back where the bridle was lying. They took off the rope -and hung it toward the east. They spoke to the bridle asking that the -horses, wherever they went, should come back together during the night. - -The visitors were as the two brothers had been. They had no eyelashes or -eyebrows. Their ears were round and their heads were smooth. There were -webs between their fingers and toes. When they were asked whence they -came they replied that they had assumed there were people living -somewhere. Their own people had been killed off by something until only -the two were left. They saved themselves at night by digging a trench -and covering it with a large rock. When they started away, one of the -brothers asked where they were going. They replied that they did not -know where they were going but preferred not to stay where they were. -They said they did not like to be with many peoples. They preferred -staying there with their present hosts. Naiyenezgani asked them to tell -their story during the night. - -When night came, he called four men to come and listen to what the -visitors were about to tell. He asked each of the four men to question -the guests. “What is the country called where you live and what kind of -thing is killing your people?” he asked. “Tell us about it.” - -“The place where we live is called _danagogai_, plain. Something has -been killing our kinsfolk. It has been killing people everywhere on the -earth. We do not know what to do,” one of them replied. Naiyenezgani -told another of the men to question them. He asked if it were really -true that they had been living in that place, saying he did not believe -what the other had said. One of the guests replied that it was true. He -said they did not know how to tell untruths and that it was not right to -do so. “While we are here in camp it will kill someone.” He added, “I -have finished.” The second questioner said, “Why did you tell us this? -We are uneasy about it.” They replied that they were afraid of it and -therefore came there where they intended to live with them. - -Naiyenezgani called upon a third man to question them. “Why did you -leave a trail for them?” he inquired. “When your kinsfolk were all -killed, why did you come to us leaving a trail?” The same man spoke -again. He directed that the next day a sweatbath should be prepared that -they should take a bath with the two visitors. - -“You said the horses had gone far away. I presume they have already come -together again,” he said. “These some-kind-of-things you said were going -away we call horses. That is all I have to say.” “These two will speak -to you,” one of the company said. - -“I cannot promise that I will kill that thing which has been killing -your people. Hurry to build the sweatlodge he mentioned,” Tobatc'istcini -said. “Make the sweatbath: we are going for the horses,” he added. - -During the night the horses had come together. One bridle was lying at -the east and the other at the west. They told the horses they must all -stay there together. When the brothers returned the sweatlodge was built -and the stones were on the fire. Tobatc'istcini directed that the men -should stand in line while four of them should go into the bath four -times. He said that when they had come out the fourth time the visitors -would be like themselves. “You built this sweatbath, but it belongs to -the Sun,” he told them. When he (Naiyenezgani) went in with them the -fourth time he asked them where the thing was living which was killing -them. The visitors replied that he lived down this way, pointing toward -the west. “The one that has killed all of our people has something long -for a weapon,” he added. Naiyenezgani said, “Well, he has been killing -you.” When they came out the fourth time they all looked alike. They ate -and after the meal the brothers told them all to remain there while they -went to yonder white mountain ridge to look beyond. He looked at the -Sun. - -They landed far away on the mountain ridge.[26] Beyond that mountain -they went to another. There was a plain on which a mountain was -standing. They landed next on that mountain. Tobatc'istcini said, -“Brother, is the dangerous thing feared by you? If you are afraid, I am -afraid. If you are not afraid neither am I afraid. You are the elder, I -am the younger.” - -A man was walking in a valley without brush. He was the one who kills -people. They sent their fly to look over the body of their enemy, to -examine his ears, his eyes, and his mouth. The fly flew to the man and -alighted on his ear. When he alighted on his nose the man said, “It is -not just you. You smell like a man.” - -The fly reported that they could not come up to the man, for while he -walked in one direction he could see behind because he had eyes in the -back of his head. He had no eyes in front. “He has something long in his -hand with which he kills people. When I sat on his nose he told me I -smelled like people,” the fly reported. “He is the same sort of a person -that you are.” The fly told them to go around to a certain gap in the -ridge, where the monster was accustomed to pass, and stand side by side. -He promised to let them know when the enemy approached. When the monster -walked along, the fly came back where the brothers were standing side by -side and said, “He is coming up here very close. If he stops here you -must cut his head off. Now, you shoot him,” he said. “If he sees anyone -he makes a sweep with his long weapon and kills the person even a long -way off.” - -The man came close to them and stopped. One of them shot him and the -other cut his head off. He stood just as he was before. They shot again -and cut his head off again. The head fell but came back on again. One of -them shot at him the third time and the other cut his neck off again. -Then one of them ran around in front of him and shot him in the heart. -This time his flesh flew apart and was scattered over considerable -space. The flesh was quivering. That which they killed was called -Naiye'. “That is why he named you Naiyenezgani,”[27] their fly said. -“Because you and Tobatc'istcini both will kill dangerous beings your -father named you that.” “You did this in his presence. He was looking at -you and prevented the monster's making any move against you. He gave you -the weapons with which you killed him. He did it for the good of -mankind. Turn the head over and look at its face,” their fly told them. -They turned him over and looked at his face. His face was like anyone's -but he also had eyes in the back of his head.[28] No one could attack -him from in front, and he had eyes to see behind himself also. His knife -was sharp and the handle was good. “Let us take the knife to convince -the people. If we do not have the knife, they will not believe us if we -claim we have killed the Naiye' which used to kill people,” one of them -said. - -On their return they landed on the white mountain ridge and returned to -the camp. When they had returned, Naiyenezgani directed that all the -people, including the children, should come together. He asked his -mother, because the people were assembling, to spread down a buckskin -and to place on it the arrows, his own weapon, and that of the slain -Naiye'. He asked the people to gather around it. He called the two -visitors, asking them to come to a designated spot. He told his brother -to stand in a certain position and said that he himself would stand in -another place. He said that he would address the people and told his -brother to do the same. “I am telling you this because you are seeing -what you have not seen before. You see today what our father gave us. -Now you speak to them,” he said to his brother. - -Tobatc'istcini spoke as follows, “My name is Tobatc'istcini. Our father -gave us these things lying here. A being called Naiye' was using that -weapon over there to kill people. He had killed all the people except -the two who are sitting over there. We killed him.” “You, Naiyenezgani, -speak to them again,” he said to his brother. - -“We started from here and we went up to the top of yonder mountain. We -went on to the top of a mountain standing beyond that. A small -mountain[29] stands beyond that and we went up to its top. There we saw -a man walking in a valley. He[30] went to him for us and returned. 'When -he walks he is blind, but he has eyes in the back of his head,' he -reported to us. 'He kills the people who are slipping up behind him.' -Now he will not kill anyone. We shall live safely.” He took up what used -to be his knife and carried it around for the people to see. The man's -blood was on it, and it was fearful to look at. “There is no place to -take hold of it. I will take hold of it here,” he said. “Do not look at -this which used to belong to Naiye'. It is dangerous. Have a meal and -then go home. Look after our horses well.” - -Their mother asked why the two who had come to them should not accompany -them where the horses were. They went with them where the horses were. -“Catch the sorrel gelding when you want to. You can tell it by the white -spot on its shoulder,” he told one of them. To the other he said, “You -may catch this black one with a white spot on its forehead. If we are -away anywhere saddle them and ride them around among the horses and -through the camp. The horses look as if they were mean, as if they had -never had a rope on them, but they will not misbehave, they are not mean -and will not shy.” They started back and when they came to the camp -again they ate. - -Two days after they had killed the Naiye' they said they were going in a -certain direction and that it might be late when they returned. They -went up to the top of a small sharp-topped mountain. They looked at the -Sun and, when it came up, yellow beams streamed out from the Sun's disk. -His breath took the shape of a rainbow. The sunbeams fell to the ground -over them. “It must be there,” he said. They started and landed on a -mountain top. From there they went to another and from that one to a -projecting ridge. Beyond that was a plain on which stood a blue -mountain. They landed on that. It seems that those who were killing the -people lived at a distance from each other and the people were living in -the center of the world. The killers of the people were working towards -each other. - -The two brothers stood on the mountain side by side. They were made like -their father. You could hardly see their bodies. They were killing out -the Naiye'. “Fly over the country and hunt him up. He is living -somewhere,” one of them said to the fly. It flew off and went around -them in a circle. The next time it went around in a smaller circle. He -(the monster) was coming behind them. He had eyes looking both ways, -four eyes. He held something crooked. He stopped and looked carefully -behind himself. He did not look in front. He could look straight up and -could see people down below. The fly looked him all over, at his eyes, -his ears, his nose, and his face. “You are a burr,” he said to the fly. -The fly thought he said he was going to catch him. He flew between the -man's legs and returned where the brothers were sitting. “Did you say -Naiye'? You have come to a dangerous place,” the fly said to them. “As -he walks along he looks carefully behind himself. When he stops he looks -up and he can see the people who are below.[31] He carries a long, -crooked object with which he makes a sweep at people he sees in the -distance and catches them with his hook.” - -The fly was sent again to find out from which point the monster could be -attacked with the best chances for success. They saw him walking in the -distance and then they saw him standing where he was accustomed to come -up the ridge. The fly reported that was a good place for the attack. The -brothers addressed each other. “What is the matter with you, -Tobatc'istcini?” Naiyenezgani asked. “You are the leader and should -speak first,” Tobatc'istcini replied. “Very well, you did not answer me. -We will attack him. I will cause large hail with thirty-two points to -fall on him. What are you going to do?” Naiyenezgani asked. “I will -cause hot rain to fall on him,” was the reply. - -They went to him where he was walking. The sky made a noise and it began -to rain. The two brothers came toward him behind this rain. He put his -hand to the top of his head. It was hot rain which was falling. They -could see him, but he could not see them. “Let him walk between you,” -the fly directed. He was already exhausted with the hot rain and the -hail. Naiyenezgani stood here and Tobatc'istcini there. The monster -walked here saying, “It is a bad time. I, too, where I am, it is a bad -place.” As he walked one of the brothers raised his bow and brought it -down again, shooting. His companion cut off the monster's head. It came -back immediately as it was before. They shot and cut his head off again. -He fell three ways. They did the same thing to him the fourth time and -he spread out like water. “There shall not be those who kill,” -Naiyenezgani said. “This is the way I do to Naiye'. Just let him float -here in his blood. The people will live happily on the earth. I have -done well by them. Get ready, brother, we will go back. We will take the -weapon with which he has been killing people.” He rolled this weapon up -into a coil and put it in his blanket. “Come, we will go back,” he said. - -They came back in the manner they went, landing on the successive -mountains until they reached the camp. They danced a war dance near the -camp. They danced, holding up the weapon they had taken. “Mother, we are -hungry, hurry and cook for us,” they said to her. When they had eaten -they asked their mother to assemble the people and to ask the visitors -also to come. She told the people to assemble, saying that her sons must -have seen something during the day they had been away which they would -tell them about. When the people had come together the weapon they had -brought back was lying there, not as yet untangled. - -“We killed one like the other one. We both did it, but I could have done -it by myself, if I had been alone. If he had been alone he too could -have done it by himself,” Naiyenezgani said. “We both attacked him -because we could do it quickly. We killed him quickly because our father -helped us. If it had been one of you, you could have done nothing with -this one that we call Naiye'. He would have killed you right away and -eaten you up. He had killed all the people who lived with these two men, -and just now he was coming for you. Before we had known it, he would -have killed us all. There are no people living on the edges of the -earth. We are all that are left. He killed people this way. Suppose that -person should come on you, he would kill you this way.” He threw the -weapon to a distant bush. It went around the tree and it was as if it -had been cut off. “He was killing people thus. Now we will live well and -no one will bother us. A man is going around the earth in one day and he -will tell us about it.”[32] Tobatc'istcini started away and his mother -spoke to him. “My son, put on this belt,” she said, offering him the one -the Sun's wife had given her. “I am going around from here but today it -is late, I will go tomorrow,” he said. They went to bed. “Take good care -of things and do not be afraid of anything,” Tobatc'istcini said. - -When it was daylight their mother prepared a meal for them and they ate. -“Come back safely, my son, as the people said to you,” the mother said. -“I am going, but I do not know when I shall come back,” Tobatc'istcini -replied. He started, telling them to watch for him on a certain mountain -point. “I will be back about noon.” - -He started away, traveling with a blue flute which had wings.[33] He -went with this from place to place and was back home before long. He -went entirely around the border of the world on which people were -living. The belt was a blue flute. He thought with it four ways and -looked into it four ways. Before noon a light rain fell on the -projecting mountain. That cleared off and then he came laughing. “It was -not far, only so large,” he said, joining the tips of his forefinger and -his thumb. “Have you your property ready?” he asked. “Have you collected -everything that is ours? Tomorrow we will give out the horses, one -apiece to each of you. We shall not give out horses again. Bring the -horses near to the camp.” - -They brought the saddles, the bridles, the halters, the ropes, and the -blankets. They two went where the horses were. They caught some of the -horses and saddled them, and drove the other horses near the camp where -they herded them. They called the people to assemble and when they came -caught horses for them. He gave away ten horses in all. “I will give you -no more horses,” he said. “Tomorrow we will go different ways.”[34] He -drove the horses back where they stayed. “Stake out our horses nearby -and leave the saddles on them all night,” he said. “This is all. You may -go in any direction you like.” “This way,” pointing to the east; “this -way,” south; “this way,” west; or “this way,” north. “We are going over -here where the end of the world is,” some of them said. Others said they -were going to the end of the world in this direction. In this manner, -each party chose a location. - -When they had finished, they asked the brothers which way they were -going. They replied that they were going to drive their horses to the -top of yonder mountain (_bitsanldai_). “Take good care of your horses. -Look after them for twelve days and then they will be accustomed to you. -Now you may go. We are going also.” He drove his horses away saying, -“None of you are going with us. I thought some of you would go with us. -You are only giving us back our mother. Go on, mother, let your horse -lead.” - -His mother inquired which way she should lead them. “Go on, go on, I -tell you,” he replied. She rode towards the east. Soon a little light -was to be seen under the horse. They went higher and higher until they -came to the mountain he spoke of. They rode their horses beside hers. -“Wait, mother,” he said and rode back. “Keep on down this mountain. It -is good country in this basin. We will live here,” he said. They talked -together. “You unsaddle over there, you over there, and you over there. -We will watch the horses.” - -“You may have my yucca fruit which lies on the face of Turnbull -Mountain.”[35] - ------ - -Footnote 1: - - Told by a White Mountain Apache called Noze, at Rice, Arizona, in - January. 1910. Noze was a native of Cedar Creek and came to the San - Carlos Reservation when it was organized. He was for a long time the - chief of a considerable band which in 1910 had greatly dwindled. He - died some time between 1910 and the next visit in 1914. - -Footnote 2: - - This mountain was said to be called _tsidalanasi_ and to stand by the - ocean at the south. This is a remarkable statement as east would have - been expected and as is so stated in fact in a following paragraph. - -Footnote 3: - - This makes the boys brothers in our use of the word. They are always - so called in the Navajo account according to which their mothers were - sisters. Matthews, 105. - -Footnote 4: - - At the center of the sky. - -Footnote 5: - - And therefore the boys were not seen by the Sun. - -Footnote 6: - - The sacred numbers are 4, 12, and 32. - -Footnote 7: - - This method of making the journey has not been encountered before in - this connection, but is an incident in a European story secured from - the San Carlos, p. 82, above. The usual account includes a series of - obstacles some of which resemble the incidents of a European story. - See p. 116 below. - -Footnote 8: - - Clouds according to the Navajo account, Matthews, 111; and below, p. - 117. - -Footnote 9: - - Thus far the myth seems chiefly to deal with the adolescence ceremony - of the boys. The San Carlos account brings in the Sun's father and - brothers of the Sun's father as performers of this ceremony, while the - Navajo account mentions the daughters of the Sun. See p. 11 above, and - Matthews, 112. - -Footnote 10: - - Other versions make this the second naming of the elder brother. His - boyhood name was “Whitehead,” p. 31. Still other names are known to - the Navajo. Matthews, 263-264. - -Footnote 11: - - To know by name things or animals hitherto unknown is often mentioned - as a great feat. P. 24. - -Footnote 12: - - It is seldom that the Apache conception of animism is so plainly - stated. Songs however abound in the designation of objects as - “living.” - -Footnote 13: - - When a youth went through an adolescence ceremony he did it with a - definite career in mind. The normal myth of this type put the emphasis - on the weapons secured and feats of warlike prowess in killing the - monsters; that is, the warrior idea is uppermost. This version - stresses the acquisition of horses and probably is a specialized myth - for those who wish to be successful in acquiring and breeding horses. - -Footnote 14: - - The house of the Sun with the stable and corral, the furniture of the - house, and many other references indicate the home of a European and - such seems to be the conception. - -Footnote 15: - - The two wives of the Sun are often mentioned. The Navajo account has - Esdzanadlehi go to the west where the sun visits her daily. Here and - there, especially in the songs, the Moon is coupled with the Sun, and - is feminine in sex. That the Moon and the Earth should both be called - the “Woman who renews herself” is interesting. These conceptions are - generally vague and implied rather than expressed. - -Footnote 16: - - Earth, literally “There on the earth.” - -Footnote 17: - - The narrator said those mentioned at the beginning of the narrative - were not real people but just like shadows. The other versions have - only the one family existing at this time. - -Footnote 18: - - The reference may be to moss, especially as rain falling on it is - mentioned below. - -Footnote 19: - - The narrator said it was true that horses would not pass a blanket so - placed in a narrow canyon. - - This order of the colors and their assignment varies from the one more - generally found of black for the east and white for the south. P. 7, - and Matthews, 215. - -Footnote 20: - - This announcing of names is probably to be explained as ceremonial. - Ordinarily, it is improper, probably because immodest to call one's - own name. - -Footnote 21: - - The use of pollen for sacred purposes is a very important feature - among the Athapascan of the Southwest. It is always preferred to the - cornmeal used by the Pueblo peoples. - -Footnote 22: - - In the division of labor the women are supposed to saddle and unsaddle - the horses. - -Footnote 23: - - Because he must use a white saddle, the informant explained. - -Footnote 24: - - The whinneying was heard from the top of the sky. - -Footnote 25: - - The conception of time passing while the Sun stood still is fairly - difficult for a people without timepieces. - -Footnote 26: - - This method of traveling implies lightning, rainbow or a similar - supernatural method, in this case said to be sunbeams. - -Footnote 27: - - The name is Naiye', “a dangerous monster,” and -nezgani, “he who - kills.” - -Footnote 28: - - It is said above that he had no eyes in front. - -Footnote 29: - - “Mountain, its child.” - -Footnote 30: - - He did not mention his fly by name. - -Footnote 31: - - Probably means he can see people who are on the opposite side of a - hill. - -Footnote 32: - - These monsters are not those in the usual versions. The bringing of - trophies and the narratives remind one of counting coup in the Plains. - The Navajo versions also mention the bringing back of trophies. - -Footnote 33: - - One of the recognized methods of rapid locomotion. P. 20 above. - -Footnote 34: - - The dispersion of the tribes, a common incident in origin myths. - -Footnote 35: - - The formula for the completion of a narrative. - - - - - NAIYENEZGANI.[36] - - -Long ago the Sun set and, there in the west, he became the son-in-law of -Toxastinhn (Water-old-man) whose daughter he married. She, who was to -become the wife of the Sun, built a house with its door facing the -sunrise. She sat in the doorway facing the rising sun from which the red -rays streamed toward her. These rays entered her and since her period -was about to occur she became pregnant as a result. - -When the child was born, its hands and feet were webbed. There was no -hair on its head and it had no nose. When the boy was grown up he asked -where his father lived. His mother replied that his father lived where -one could not go, for the Sun was his father. The boy asked again where -he lived. His mother said he lived at the sunrise, but that one could -not go there. The boy then said that he would go there and set out on -the journey. - -He came where the cliffs come down of themselves. They moved in front of -him. The lightning shot across with him. Beyond that place he came to -the mountain of cactus which formed a dark barrier in front of him. -There a black whirlwind twisted through for him so that he passed by. -From there he went on where the mountain of mosquitoes stood like a -black ridge in front of him. A female rain fell for him and the wings of -the mosquitoes became damp; then he passed over. From there he went on -where the mountains moved up and down toward each other. He jumped away -from them and then toward them, but in no way could he get through. -Black-measuring-worm, whose back is striped with lightning, bent over it -with him.[37] - -He walked on toward the house of the Sun. As he was going along, near -sundown, a spider drew its thread across below the boy's knee and -tripped him. He got up and went back, but fell again at the same place. -Wondering why he had fallen, he started on again, when he saw the head -of Spider-old-woman projecting from her hole so far (three inches) away. -“Grandchild, where are you going?” she asked. He replied that he was -going to the house of his father, the Sun. She told him to come into her -house instead. He replied that the opening was too small. When assured -that it was large enough, he went in. She told him one could not go to -the Sun. The spider girls were lying there without skirts or shirts. -They lay with the head of one toward the feet of the next. Spider-woman -asked what was the piece of cloth tied to his shirt. He gave it to her -and she worked with it all night; and the next morning each girl had a -shirt and a skirt. She made them from the young man's piece of -cloth.[38] - -When the Sun rose, Spider-old-woman went out-of-doors. “It is not yet -time, my grandson,” she said. She held up five fingers horizontally and -said it would be time when the Sun shone over them.[39] When the time -came to go, they set out toward the house of the Sun. He came to the -front of the house where there were twelve doors and all of them were -shut. Without anyone opening a door for him, he came to Sun's wife. -“What sort of a person are you?” she asked. He replied he had come to -see his father. The woman warned him that no one was allowed around -there. She rolled him up in a blanket,[40] which she tied with -lightning, and hid him by the head of the bed. - -When the sun set, he heard the noise of the Sun's arrival. The Sun came -inside his house. “I do not see anyone,” he said, “but from the mountain -where I go down some man had gone along.” “You tell me you do not have -love affairs where you go around. This morning your son came here.” She -went to the head of the bed, undid the lightning with which he was tied -up and took the boy out. The Sun saw it was his boy. There were twelve -pipes in which tobacco was burned. The Sun fixed a smoke for him in one -of these. It was not the Sun's proper tobacco, but a kind that killed -whoever smoked it. The boy drew on the pipe just once and the tobacco -was burned out. The Sun prepared another pipeful, which was gone when -the boy had drawn on the pipe twice. He filled a third pipe; this time -the boy drew on it three times and the tobacco was consumed. The last -time the pipe was filled, the boy drew four times before the tobacco was -burned out. - -Toward the east, there was a blazing fire of black _yabeckon_ into which -the Sun threw the boy. He turned into a downy feather and landed in -front of his father who expressed his surprise. There was a fire of blue -_yabeckon_ toward the south into which the boy was next thrown. He again -turned into a feather and landed in front of his father. The fire toward -the west was of yellow _yabeckon_ from which the boy escaped in the same -manner. Finally, the boy was thrown into a white fire of _yabeckon_ -which blazed up in the north. He escaped in the same manner as before. -Each time when the boy was thrown in, the fire had been poked with -lightning of the corresponding color. - -When the boy had successfully withstood this last test, the Sun directed -his wife to prepare a sweatbath. She did this by spreading four blankets -of cloud: black, blue, yellow, and white. She put on the four blankets -from the four sides in proper rotation. The Sun went in with all his -boys. While they were in the bath, the skin between the boy's fingers -and toes was pulled back and joints made in his fingers. He was also -provided with hair, eyebrows, eyelashes, nose, and ears. Hair was placed -on his body and nails supplied for his fingers and toes. Counting this -boy, the Sun had twelve sons with whom he formed a line. He then asked -his wife to find him in the line, but this she was unable to do because -they all looked alike, she said. - -The Sun then placed a gun and a panther-skin quiver on a shelf and asked -his son to choose which he would have. After sighting the gun, he -concluded he did not like it. He put the quiver over his shoulder and -took out two arrows. When he tried these, he hit the target in the -center. He chose the panther-skin quiver saying he liked it.[41] All the -other sons of the Sun had guns. The Sun had them shoot at each other in -fun. Those who had guns beat the boy who had arrows and drove him off. - -On one side, horses were being made and on the other deer. The one who -was in charge of making these is named Iltca'nailt'ohn. - -They put, for him, a light brown mountain, inside of which, cattle, -goats, sheep, pigs, horses, mules, and donkeys were living. All these -are the food of white people. In this mountain also were guns, blankets, -and all kinds of metals. - -On the other side he put, for him, a mountain on which century plants -were growing with their yellow flower stalks standing all around the -edges. On this mountain, too, were sunflowers, yellow with blossoms, -cactus, yucca, piñon, oaks, junipers, the fruit of all of which was -perpetually ripe. All the other wild vegetable foods of the Indians grew -there also. The mountain was always yellow with flowers. - -The Sun asked the boy which of these two mountains he would choose. He -decided to take the one which was yellow with flowers where fruit was -always ripe. He did not care for the light brown mountain which stood -toward the east. He announced that the yellow mountain would be his and -would belong in the future to the Indians. - -They then opened a door in the side of the brown mountain and drove out -cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, horses, donkeys, and mules. These became the -property of your white people's nation. The Sun's son asked that some -horses be given him. The Sun reminded him he had asked for the other -mountain, and wanted to know why he had not then asked for horses. - -From the east, mirage people rounded up some horses for him. The red -dust of the round-up covered the ground. “There are no horses,” the Sun -said. The boy asked again for horses only to be told he should have -asked before when he chose between the two mountains. He asked, that -notwithstanding, he be given some horses. The Sun took up a rope and led -back a chestnut stallion from the east. He tied the horse which stood -pawing the ground and nickering. The boy rode back on it to the place -where I suppose Toxastin and his grandmother lived. He rode back in a -single day and tied his horse. The horse kept nickering and pawing the -earth all the time; he would not graze and the boy was not satisfied. He -rode back to the house of the Sun, took off the rope; and the horse ran -off toward the east kicking up his heels. - -The boy told his father, the Sun, that the stallion he had given him was -not satisfactory, and that he had come to ask for a different horse. His -father went away and returned with two horses, a stallion and a mare. -“These are what you want, I suppose,” the Sun said, and gave the boy a -rope, a halter, a saddle blanket, and a saddle. - -The boy led the horse back to the place where Toxastin, his grandmother, -and his mother lived. He led the horses back to a place called -Cottonwood-branches-hang-down. To the south, blue cottonwood branches -hung down; to the west, yellow cottonwood branches hung down; to the -north, white cottonwood branches hung down. The place was named the -center of the earth. The saddle was placed at the east; the saddle -blanket at the south; the halter, at the west; and the rope, at the -north. - -In the dry stream bed to the east, black burdocks grew; to the south, -blue burdocks grew; to the west, yellow burdocks; and to the north, -white burdocks. He turned out the two horses here to the east. Each time -the Sun's son came back there, he found the two horses playing. After -four days, he drove the horses up the valley a little way four times. -When he went the fourth day to see them he found the tracks of a colt. - -That cottonwood tree stood in the center. On the east side of it a black -stallion stood; on the south side, a blue stallion; on the west side, a -yellow stallion; on the north side, a white stallion. Horses were -walking around in the valleys to the east, south, west, and north. Thus -there came to be horses here on the earth. - ------ - -Footnote 36: - - Told by the father of Frank Crockett, February, 1910. Frank's father - was of the Bissaxa clan and was about sixty years old in 1910. He was - still a growing youth when he left the White River country. - -Footnote 37: - - These in part are the obstacles mentioned in the Navajo account. They - are overcome in a different manner. Matthews, 109-110. - -Footnote 38: - - Spider-woman is of considerable importance in the mythology of the - Hopi. Voth, 2, 11. The Navajo account (Matthews, 109) omits the - clothing-making episode. Spider-woman is the originator of spinning, - Franciscan Fathers, 222. She is sometimes said to be the mother of the - Sun and therefore Naiyenezgani's paternal grandmother. - -Footnote 39: - - An Apache method of indicating time when the Sun is near the horizon. - -Footnote 40: - - The blanket was probably a cloud. The word _caziz_ ought to mean - “sun-sack.” - -Footnote 41: - - Had Naiyenezgani taken the gun Indians would have been armed as white - men are. - - - - - THE PLACING OF THE EARTH.[42] - - -They did not put this large one (the earth) that lies here in place -before my eyes. - -The wind blew from four directions. When there was no way to make the -earth lie still, Gopher, who lives under the earth, put his black ropes -under the earth. Here his black rope lies under it; here his blue rope; -here his yellow rope; and here his white rope. - -Over here (east) they made a black whirlwind stand with black metal -inside of it. Here (south) a blue whirlwind and blue metal were placed; -here (west) a yellow whirlwind and yellow metal; and here (north) a -white whirlwind and white metal. With these standing on all sides, the -earth came to its proper place and was stable. - -“Now that this is as it should be, what shall we do next?” said one of -them. “To what purpose have we had such a hard time making this earth -lie properly which otherwise would have been unstable?” Then he began to -pat it with his hand. “Let a black cloud move about sprinkling,” he -said. - -“There will be life from this; the world will be alive from the -dampness,” he said. “They did well by us, what shall we do? Now thank -you,” they said. - -The people had nothing. The one who was in charge (the Sun); that one -only was walking around. “It will turn out well with him walking about,” -they said. They looked well at the one they meant. “That one is the -Sun,” they said. “We did it in the presence of that one walking about.” - -Then Ests'unnadli said she would do something unseemly. Thinking she -would do it where the Sun first shone in the morning, she seated herself -there. She was doing this only that people might live. There were no -people and she thought there should be many and she did it for that -reason. - -She became pregnant. She and the one walking around were the only ones -who understood about generation. She gave birth to a child there where -she sat. She went back to the child early each morning for four mornings -and on the fourth, the child walked back with her. He was entirely -dressed as he walked back with her. - -“It is not good that there should be only this one,” she said. “It will -be well for me to do an improper thing again.” She sat repeatedly where -the water was dripping and became pregnant again. She gave birth a -second time to a child. “I will do as I did before,” she said. She went -to her child early each morning for four mornings. The fourth morning -after he was born, the child returned with her. He was dressed in -buckskin, shoes and all. - -She had given birth to two children. The latter one she named -Tobate'isteini and the first one Bilnajnollije.[43] They were the -children of this one (the Sun). - -A black water vessel by the door of the sun's house was flecked with -sunshine. He caused dark lightning to dart under it from four -directions. He caused it to thunder out of it in four directions. He -caused it to thunder in four directions. He caused male rain to fall in -four directions. He caused fruits to stand on the earth in lines -pointing in four directions. “Thanks,” they said, “he has treated us -well.” - -A yellow water vessel by Ests'unnadlehi's door was flecked with light. -She caused yellow lightning to pass under it from four directions. She -caused it to thunder from it toward four directions. She caused female -rain to fall four times in four directions. She caused fruits to stand -in lines converging from four directions. “Thanks, she has treated us -well,” they said. “Because of her, things are well with us.” “She caused -the wind to agitate the grass from four directions for us,” they said. -“With no trouble for us it comes to its place. The earth will remain -well for us,” they said. “It is still the same way for us that it was -long ago. We are thankful yet.” - -“Mother, where does our father live?” the boys asked. “Do not ask, for -he lives in a dangerous place,” Ests'unnadlehi replied. “Do not say he -lives in a dangerous place but show us where it is, for we are going -there,” they replied. “If you go you must travel only by night. During -the day one must sit still,” she told them. She said this, for she meant -for them to make the journey without being seen by the Sun. - -They wondered why she told them to go only at night and resolved to -travel by day. They came near where the ground was black with mosquitoes -that had teeth of _becdiłxił_, and there was no way to pass through -them. They caused a rain, yellow with sunshine, to fall on them and wet -their wings so that they stuck to the trees. By this means, they passed -beyond them. “This is why she said it is dangerous,” they said to each -other. They came where the earth was crossed with a stripe of cactus -which had spines of _becdiłxił_. A black whirlwind with a core of -_becdiłxił_ passed, twisting through the cactus; the boys got by it. -“This was surely the bad place of which our mother told us,” they said. -As they were going on toward their father's house, they came to sand -which, if one stepped on it, rolled back with him. There was no way to -get through it. A big black measuring worm having his back striped with -a rainbow, bent himself over the sand for them and they crossed over. -They were now approaching their destination when they found the house -surrounded by thirty-two lakes which could not be avoided. - -A turquoise bird sat in the ear of one of them and directed them on -their way. The Sun's wife saw the two men pass through, avoiding the -four bodies of water that surrounded the house. She concealed them under -the bed which stood in the house. When the Sun returned, he saw the -tracks of two men and asked where they had gone. The Sun's wife replied -that they were not there. “You are always saying you have made no visits -and yet your two sons come here,” she said. The Sun directed that they -should come to him. They sat facing him. He had tobacco hanging in sacks -in four places. It was black tobacco which grew on stalks of -_becdiłxił_. He had a turquoise pipe with thirty-two[44] holes for the -tobacco to burn in. With this tobacco, he killed those who were not -really his children. They heard him draw on the pipe once and then he -tapped it on something and the ashes rolled out. “Fix me a smoke, that -is why I came,” one of the boys said. - -They two went to the sack which was hanging on this side. It was filled -with large blue tobacco which grew on stalks of _becdoł'ije_. He filled -a pipe with thirty-two bowls and lighted it again. Having drawn on the -pipe, he passed it to them. He heard them draw on the pipe once and then -the ashes fell out. - -“Prepare a smoke for me, for I came for that purpose,” one of the boys -said again. When the other kinds, yellow, and white had been tried from -the remaining world-quarters, one of the boys produced some tobacco and -a pipe made of clay with a hole through it. “This is my pipe and my -tobacco,” the boy announced. “Why did you not tell me before that you -had tobacco?” the Sun said. He had chairs placed and took a seat between -the two boys. The three looked just alike. “Come, Djingona'ai,[45] move -yourself,” the Sun's wife said, so that she might distinguish him from -the others. “They are surely my children,” the Sun declared. “What do -you desire?” he asked them. The boys said they had come to hear him ask -that. The Sun urged them to ask for what they wished without delay as he -had many things. - -The Sun had domesticated animals in four corrals on four sides of his -house. He had four kinds which were bad. They were bear, coyote, -panther, and wolf, of which one is afraid. He led a bear from the -eastern corral, remarking that this was probably the sort they meant, -that it was his pet. The boys refused it, saying they had come for his -horse. In turn he led animals from corrals at the south and west which -were refused each time on the advice of the monitor that sat in the ear -of one of the boys. The Sun pretended he had no other horse, that he was -poor. The monitor urged them to persist in their request, saying that -the Sun could not refuse. He finally led to them one of the horses which -was walking around unconfined. He was just skin and bones. The rope also -was poor. “Did you ask for this one?” the Sun said. “That is the one,” -they replied. The Sun told them the horse could not travel far, but the -boys said that was the animal they wanted. - -He gave them the horse with the admonition that they must not let -Ests'unnadlehi see it or she would send them away with it, it looked so -bad. The boys assured him it would be all right. He replied that she -would be surprised at least. He requested them to tell Ests'unnadlehi -that he, the Sun, always told the truth. He charged the two boys that -they should not lie to each other. “This is a good day for you both,” he -told them. “Thank you, Ests'unnadlehi, my mother, thanks.” “Thank you, -Djingona'ai, my father. It is true that it is fortunate for us. It was -for that reason you raised us,” they said.[46] - ------ - -Footnote 42: - - Told in 1910 by a very dignified man, C. G. 2, of about sixty years. - He is a leader of the Naiyenezgani songs used for adolescent girls. - -Footnote 43: - - The lightning strikes with him, evidently a poetic name. - -Footnote 44: - - It was explained that four was the real number, thirty-two being - presumably a ceremonial or poetic exaggeration. - -Footnote 45: - - “Goes by day,” the Sun. - -Footnote 46: - - This fragment of the culture-hero story having been told, the narrator - refused to proceed, perhaps because he knew it had already been - several times recorded. - - - - - THE ADOLESCENCE CEREMONY.[47] - - -The Sun was the one who arranged the ceremony for unclean women. She -(Ests'unnadlehi) sat thus on her knees and the red light from the sun -shone into her. She was living alone. - -When she becomes a woman they straighten her. The people stand in a line -and sing while the drum is beaten. They dance four nights. They paint -her with white clay that she may live a long time, and that her hair may -get white on one side of her head. They put up a cane with a curved top -for her around which she is to run. At one side a basket stands in which -there is tobacco and on the other side a basket containing corn. - -When she has run around the cane in its first position, it is put up -again farther away, where she runs around it again and returns to the -line of singers. Again, the cane and basket of corn are moved out and -the girl runs around them. When she returns to the singers she dances, -having a downy feather tied at the crown of her head. The cane is put up -again and the basket of corn moved once more. The girl runs around them -returning to the singers. This cane is said to be the sun's cane and the -chief's cane. - -The corn is poured from the basket over the crown of the girl's head. -The people all try to get a handful of the corn. After that, she throws -the blankets in every direction and the people pick them up, saying, -“May her blankets be many.” They plant the corn and all say they raise -large crops in consequence. - -They prepare Gans and dance four nights. They do not allow anyone to -sleep during the dancing. - -The girl, Ests'unnadlehi, has a skirt and a shirt of dressed skin. The -shirt is spoken of as fringed shirt and the skirt, a fringed skirt. - -When the Gans dance, the girl dances behind them. She does not sleep -during the four nights. - -On the morning after the fourth night all the people gather around to -insure good luck in the future. The sun's songs, the chief's songs, are -sung and with them they dance. After the four nights they paint the girl -white with gypsum mixed with water which is in a shallow basket. The -girl stands here and a woman whose husband is rich in horses and other -property stirs the gypsum and water with a hairbrush. She applies this -white mixture to the girl's head, and brushes her downward until she is -whitened all over. The girl then sprinkles the men, women, and children -who stand around in a large circle. This is done that they may be -fortunate in the future. If some of the white mixture falls on the hair, -that person will have gray hair at that spot. - ------ - -Footnote 47: - - Told by Frank Crockett's father in part, and extended by Frank who was - interpreting. - - - - - THE MIGRATION OF THE GANS.[48] - - -They say they moved about from place to place under the cliffs. “We will -move to a place where we will not die,” they said. They went to a place -halfway between the earth and sky, and lighted on a mirage. They were -dying there too. They came back to this world. Wind and rain ceased. - -Mocking bird said he wanted to be chief. Gopher said he wanted to be -chief. When someone remarked that the chief's eyes were small, Gopher -was angry and went under the ground, taking with him the wind and rain. - -Humming bird started over the earth, hunting in vain for the wind and -rain. He came where Gopher had gone underground and went in there and -came where the Gans were living. They had much corn and ripe crops. It -rained there all the time. Humming bird came back and reported that he -had been where there were many ripe crops and where rain fell all the -time. He also said those who live there do not die. The Gans started to -move down there and on their way came to a place called -“Two-mountains-go-around-each-other-in-opposite-directions.” Rocks, -white and all colors, lie there, one above the other. The Indians went -there and came where the Gans were living. - -A small mountain stood at the east and on it Black Gan stood every dawn -and talked as a chief. When he had spoken as chief four mornings, they -asked why Black Gan was talking that way. All the Gans came together and -he talked to them. “May one of your children remain here?” he asked. All -the Gans said, “No. Our children are all going with us.” Then Black Gan -decided that one of his should stay. He left the youngest little girl, -putting a turquoise water jar by her pillow. He covered this with earth. -They started away where people do not die. His little girl returned to -the place where her water jar had been put. While she was gone for it -the others moved away and left her. - -Some Indians found the baby, who was running about crying, and -took her to raise. When she was grown, she married, and gave birth -to a boy. Then Black Gan had a son-in-law and many people came to -see him because he was Black Gan's son-in-law. They crowded into -the house and kept saying, “Move over a little, Donaildihi.” He, -Eats-a-long-time-without-being-satisfied, moved over; and they -kept coming in until the house was stretched over to one side. - -Black Gan's son-in-law lay down with one leg over the other, and called -for the baby. When its grandmother brought it, he tossed it up and down -on his chest and sang to it. When he was done playing with it, he called -to them to take it again. - -After a time another boy was born. When they were both grown they were -hunting birds and came where the Gans were living. When they returned, -food was offered them in vain. They had eaten where the Gans lived while -away, and would not eat on their return. - -A man fell sick. His eyes and mouth were crooked, as were also his arms -and legs. The people were asking what they should do about it. The man -told the mother of the boys to prepare a deerskin which had no holes in -it with a piece of turquoise fastened at the forehead. To the turquoise -he asked that downy feathers be tied. She directed that _bacinϵ_ with -downy feathers be tied between the eyes. In addition _tsϵltcϵϵ_ and -_yołgai_ each with downy feathers were to be tied to the skin. She asked -that the skin prepared thus be placed on the top of the feet of the -children (Gan's grandchildren). - -When they put it on the foot of one of these boys, he kicked it to the -other boy, who kicked it back. When this had been done four times one of -them directed that wood be brought in, and they consented to give a -dance for the sick man. They directed that all the people should come -together and that the sick man should be brought to the dancing place. -Preparations were also made there for the fire. “All of you come here -where we are going to sing,” they announced. - -When they had come together they began to sing, the two grandsons of -Black Gan acting as leaders. When they started to dance one of them -stood up and made a speech. He told them they must not go away during -the dance or something bad would happen to them. - -When they had sung four songs, the sound of a bull roarer was heard -underground to the east, south, west, and north. The Gans ran there and -formed in line around him (the sick man). The Gans came to the dance -ground, and Black Gan shook himself by the side of the sick man. He took -the sick man up and threw him over there. Then Brown Gan shook his body -by the sick man and swayed from side to side. Then the Gan who has one -side of his face covered, shook himself by the sick man and threw him -over there. Next Red Gan swayed himself and took up the sick man and -threw him over there. - -The Black Gan then went to the sick man and made his eyes good again. -Brown Gan went to him and fixed his arms. The Gan whose face is half -covered fixed his back. On this side (north) Red Gan restored his legs. -The man was well again, and danced among the others. They danced four -nights and the morning after, the Gans and men stood with their little -fingers interlocked; first a man and then a Gan; a man and then a Gan; a -man and then a Gan. Thus they formed a circle, standing in a line -alternating, with their little fingers interlocked. They danced until it -grew light and then the dance began to move away toward the sunrise. Old -men and old women were lying down nearby. The dancing people kept moving -away toward the east. The old women and old men ran after them. They -were dancing on the ground and then began to move up higher and higher -in the air. The Indians ran after them but the Indians who were dancing -went up with the dance. They could hear the sound of the dancing up -there and the songs. They moved away to the Sun. He sent them where they -do not die. They are still living there, I suppose. They are the people -who do not die. - ------ - -Footnote 48: - - Told by the father of Frank Crockett, February, 1910. - - - - - RELEASING THE DEER.[49] - - -Ganisk'ide[50] was the only one who owned deer. He was the only one who -brought them home and who ate their flesh. He gave none of the meat to -the people who lived near him. - -Ravens, who were then people, proposed that they make a puppy and desert -it. They did this; they moved away and left a puppy lying there. When -the children of Ganisk'ide went where the people had moved away, they -found the puppy. They took it up and carried it home. - -Ganisk'ide told the children to throw the puppy away, but when they -objected, he told them to try the dog's eyes by holding fire in front of -them. When they brought the fire near the dog's eyes it cried, “gai gai -gai.” “It is a real dog,” Ganisk'ide said. “You may take him behind the -stone door where the deer are enclosed and let him eat the entrails.” - -When the children had taken the dog behind this door he became a man -again. He moved the stone to one side and the deer that were inside ran -out. Ganisk'ide called to his wife from the doorway to touch the -nostrils of the deer with her odorous secretions. She touched each of -the deer on the nose as they ran by her and they received the sense of -smell. They ran away from her. - -“You said it was a dog,” he said to his children with whom he was angry, -“but he turned them out for us.” The deer scattered all over the earth. - ------ - -Footnote 49: - - Told by the father of Frank Crockett. - - This is a very widely distributed tale. The owner of the animals is - usually Raven or Crow. See this series, vol. 8, 212-4; Russell, 259; - Wissler and Duvall, 50-53; Kroeber, 65; this series, vol. 10, 250-251. - -Footnote 50: - - Ganisk'ide is a deity known to the Navajo, Matthews, 37, 244. - - - - - DEER WOMAN.[51] - - -After he married, they went on a hunting trip. When they had established -camp where they were to get the deer meat, the man went out to hunt, but -the woman stayed at the camp. As the husband left, he said, if anyone -came from the north, that would be himself, but if someone came from the -east it would be someone else. - -Then Ganłjine came there carrying a deer mask in his hand which he put -on the brush of which the camp was made, and sat down by the fire. The -deer mask was eating as if it were alive and it made a noise like a -deer. Ganłjine told the woman to put on the thing which was lying there. -She replied that a deer mask was something to be afraid of. “Put it on -and let me look at it,” he insisted. “Will it be all right?” she asked -him. He told her to put it on anyway, and stand at one side so he could -look at it. She put it on and stood at the place designated in the -posture of a deer. - -He threw a turquoise ring on her, and she became like a deer as far as -her neck. Then he threw a ring of _bacinϵ_ on her and an additional -portion of her body changed to a deer. Next he threw a ring of -_tcϵłtcϵϵ_, and last, one of _yołgai_. She was then completely like a -deer and walked away, wiggling her tail. - -Toward the east there are mountains called Iłijgo. There are four -mountains standing in a line, one back of the other. She who used to be -a woman and Ganłjine went there together. They were mating as they went -along, as could be told from the tracks. Deer tracks were in one place -and nearby, other deer tracks, but on one side a man's tracks. They went -toward the east. - -When the husband came back he saw by the tracks that a man had visited -the camp and had gone away with his wife. He went back to the settlement -and told them that the woman with whom he had gone to hunt had gone off, -leaving human tracks on one side and on the other side like a deer. - -The people went in a company to the place where the man had camped and -commenced following the tracks that were human on one side and deer-like -on the other. While being trailed they ran from those who were following -them, who ran after them, chasing them around until the one who had been -a woman was worn out. They overtook her and threw on her a ring of -turquoise, followed by one of _bacinϵ_ and then one of _tcϵłtcϵϵ_, and -finally one of _yołgai_. As these rings fell on her she became -progressively human in shape. When she had become a human being again, -they took her back to the settlement. When it was time for deer to run -again, she became a deer once more, and then became a person again. - -When thunder was heard, they made a camp and went to hunt little fawns -which they were bringing into the camp. This woman who had turned into a -deer had little fawns which she had borne for a deer. She went around -among the houses where the fawns were being brought in and found her own -lying there dead. An Indian had killed them both and had brought them -in. When she learned a man had brought in pretty fawns, with yellow -around their eyes, she ran there and commenced to cry. - -She spoke, saying that the deer they should see along the trail where -she went with her children would be herself and that they should pray to -her. - ------ - -Footnote 51: - - Told by Frank Crockett's father following the preceding story so - closely as to make its separation a matter of doubt. A fuller version - was obtained from a San Carlos, p. 49, above. - - - - - THE GAMBLER WHO SECURED THE WATER-CEREMONY.[52] - - -A boy started playing _najonc_ and lost his arrows, his moccasins, his -breechcloth, his shirt, his headband, his hair, his eyebrows, and his -eyelashes. When he returned home so divested, his mother told him to go -away somewhere that she might not see him again. - -He started away, utterly naked as he was, and traveled until he came to -the edge of the ocean. He jumped into the water but was thrown back.[53] -He did this three times with the same result and then jumped in under -the water. When he looked back through the water it was white. He began -to eat all kinds of “worms” as he went along. He ate, also, some of the -green growth floating on the water. They came with him to the house made -of water. The fly that sat inside his ear gave him information and -advice. All the water people and the fog people went with him; -Water-old-man was among them and Water-youth with a downy feather on the -crown of his head. He was sent down that way with a message.[54] They -sent him where the black blanket of water is spread down. - -“Over there he is running along,” someone said. “Now to you they are -starting, Water-youths, to you they are starting. Yonder we are coming, -Water-youths are coming,” he said. “They are coming right up the stream. - -“Fog-youths are coming, right in front of the fog they are coming. - -“Where the water stands straight up, next to him, the water people are -coming to us. With water-downy-feathers as their feathers they are -coming to us; holding the lightning in their hands they are coming to -us. - -“Where the fog stands straight up, standing next to me, they come to -us,” he said. “Fog-youths come to us,” he said. “At the end of the -water, they come to us. Having downy feathers of fog they come to us; -holding the lightning in their hands they come to us.”[55] - -The one who became water came by the house made of fog and water. “Where -is the place called 'House-of-water'?” he asked. “This place is called -'House-of-water'” the water people replied. His monitor, fly, told him -they were not telling him the truth. He came to the house made of water. -“Where is the place called 'House-of-water'?” he asked. It was Water -Chief to whom he came. “It is called 'Water-house' right here,” he -replied. His fly told him that was correct; that 'Water-house' was -there. - -Two vessels filled with water which was boiling, were by the fire. -“Drink all there is in one of the vessels,” he was told by Water Chief. -He drank the contents of one vessel and then vomited. He was saying, -“wa, wa,” as he vomited. He threw up all of the underwater “worms.” - -They bathed him with the contents of the other vessel. They commenced to -dance and danced for twelve nights without sleeping. When they had -danced twelve nights without his falling asleep they told him he might -go home. - -Then Naiyenezgani danced there among them. His hat was white on top. He -held his hand outspread over him as he stood by him. Water-old-man, too, -danced among them. Water-house was on this side. - -“Water-youths all came here where they were dancing. With their downy -feathers of water they came there. They came to the dance ground holding -lightning in their hands. - -“From 'House-made-of-fog,' Fog-girls came where they danced having their -downy feathers of fog. They held lightning in their hands. - -“Water-youths were behind them, pretty, they were behind them; having -their downy feathers of water, they were behind them. Holding lightning -in their hands, they were all behind them. - -“The Fog-girls came from the house made of fog. Having downy feathers of -fog, they danced with fog. All holding lightning in their hands, the -dance being made of fog they started to dance with him. - -“They danced with the boy who became water.” - -Naiyenezgani danced among them. When they were looking somewhere else -Naiyenezgani became a baby again, and was tied in a basket cradle. The -attention of the people was attracted elsewhere and when they saw -Naiyenezgani again he was standing among the Water-maidens to whom he -did various things. - -Tobatc'istcini, too, was tied as a baby, then the two men did various -things to them. The twelve nights had passed without anyone sleeping. He -stood between the Water-maidens. The men from a distance made a circle -and danced. The Water-people danced with him. The Fog-people danced with -him. - -The Sun was present there. From so great a height[56] he looked down on -them. They danced in his presence. They danced, too, in the presence of -the Moon. When twelve nights had passed and it was the twelfth morning -he went to sleep. Far off, a Water-maiden stood. He, who became water, -stood here and there stood a Fog-maiden. When twelve nights had passed -he fell asleep. He loved this one. They shouted to him saying, “You are -falling asleep.” The one standing behind him stepped by his foot and he -fell against him. - - Bił'olisn was there where they were dancing. - “He took her away, where the land is beautiful with corn. - “Fog-maiden; where the land is beautiful with pumpkins. - “Bił'olisn; where the land is beautiful with large corn, they two - went. - “Fog-maiden; where the land is beautiful with large pumpkins, they - two went. - “Bił'olisn; where the land is beautiful with large corn, they two - sat down. - “Fog-maiden; where the land is beautiful with large pumpkins, they - two sat down. - “Bił'olisn; where the land is beautiful with large corn, they two - lay down. - “Fog-maiden; where the land is beautiful with pumpkins, they two lay - down. - -“At the east where the black water lies, stands the large corn, with -staying roots, its large stalk, its red silk, its long leaves, its -tassel dark and spreading, on which there is dew. - -“At the sunset, where the yellow water lies, stands the large pumpkin -with its tendrils, its long stem, its wide leaves, its yellow top on -which there is pollen.”[57] - -This all happened where the man turned to water. He came back here where -people were living. His mother had her hair cut off and was weeping for -him. He came back at the end of a year. His younger brother was walking -outdoors and saw him. When he saw him coming back he said, “Mother, over -there my brother is returning.” “Evil one,[58] why do you say that?” she -replied. “I am telling the truth, my brother is coming. Come here and -look,” the boy said. She came out and found it was true. She called him -her son, and told him she had been having a hard time and had cried on -his account. - -He went and hunted deer in company with his brother. He asked his -brother to hunt in a certain direction and circle around to him again. -There were thunder showers. The young man was sitting by himself. In one -direction it was raining, it was black with the falling rain. - -“I wish I might drink water again on top where black rain stands up. I -wish I might drink water again on top where the water stands up.” His -brother returned and surprised him while he was still singing. - -They went back again to the house and the boy told them that his brother -had been singing. He was told there were no songs and that he was not -speaking the truth. He reaffirmed his statement. He asked that a -sweathouse be built. When it was ready the boys went in and were singing -inside. The young man who had been turned into water started to sing the -water songs. Inside he wove lightning together again. There had been no -water songs and now they existed. Thus, there came to be medicinemen for -water. - ------ - -Footnote 52: - - Told by Frank Crockett's father who practised the ceremony. It is for - the recovery of those who have been made ill by the floods due to - thunderstorms. - -Footnote 53: - - A gambler made desperate by his losses is the hero of a Navajo - (Matthews, 160) and a Jicarilla story (This series, vol. 8, 214). - -Footnote 54: - - A messenger wears a downy feather tied at the crown of his head and is - protected by it on his journey. It serves as a safe conduct. - -Footnote 55: - - These four paragraphs appear to contain the words of songs. - -Footnote 56: - - As high as a man's head. - -Footnote 57: - - Clearly a song. - -Footnote 58: - - Because one supposedly dead was being mentioned to a near relative. - - - - - THE MAN WHO VISITED THE SKY WITH THE EAGLES.[59] - - -Long ago, there was a man who had a wife and two children, both boys. He -went with Coyote on a hunting trip and camped near where they expected -to secure game. He went out to hunt in the morning; and Coyote also went -by himself and, as he was walking along, he came where there was an -eagle's nest on a point of rock jutting out in the middle of a high -cliff. There were young eagles in the nest. - -Coyote returned to the camp and reported to the hunter that he had seen -young eagles in a nest. Saying he wished some good feathers for -feathering arrows, he asked the other man to lower him from the top of -the cliff to the nest. When they had come to the place, Coyote asked the -other man to allow himself to be lowered and to throw the feathers down -for him. Coyote lowered him, asking if he had come to the young eagles. -The reply was, “Not yet.” A little later, the same question was repeated -and the answer this time was, “Yes.” Coyote then let the rope fall on -the man saying, “Cousin, she who was your wife will be mine.” - -The man then sat with the young eagles. He asked what sort of weather -prevailed when their father returned. They replied that a “male” rain -fell.[60] Soon a “male” rain fell and the father of the young eagles -flew back in the rain. When he came where the man was sitting with the -young eagles, he asked who was there. The man replied that Coyote had -lowered him and that he was hovering his children for him. The male bird -told him he might remain there and flew off. - -The man then asked the young birds in what sort of weather their mother -came back. They said she returned when a “female” rain was falling. Soon -a “female” rain fell and the eagle's wife returned. She asked the man -who he was; he told her that Coyote had lowered him down there and that -he was staying with her children. Now she told him he might remain there -and departed. - -The male bird came back accompanied by a “male” rain. He brought with -him a water vessel made of turquoise and bade the man drink. He drank -and the water was not exhausted although the vessel of turquoise was -very small.[61] - -Accompanied by a “female” rain the female bird returned and perched -nearby. She put down a horn vessel of boiled corn and invited the man to -eat it. It was a small vessel, but it was not empty when he had finished -his meal. - -She flew away again and after four days the eagle people all assembled. -They gave him an eagle shirt and instructed him to do as they did. He -put on the shirt and flew a little way with it. He put on one shirt -after another and flew farther and farther each time, four times. He was -a man but he became an eagle. - - “Where am I going?” he asked. - “Where the black mirage is located at the center of the sky, I go - up. - In the shadow of his dark wings, I come. - “Where the blue mirage is located at the center of the sky, I go up. - In the shadow of his blue wings, I come. - “Where the yellow mirage is located at the center of the sky, I go - up. - In the shadow of the yellow wings, I come. - “Where the white mirage is located at the center of the sky, I go - up. - In the shadow of the white wings, I come,” he sang. - “Between the two who sit on the white sky, I go up. Where the white - weeds tower up, white on the sky at its center, I go up,” he - sang. - “Where the dark houses of the eagles project, I come,” he sang. - “Where the blue houses of eagles project, I go up. - “Where the red houses of the eagles project, I go up. - “Where the white houses of the eagles project, I go up,” he sang. - -He lay down where there were no habitations. They asked him in vain to -come inside the building, for soon the person with a skull that kills -would come. - -Saying he would remain there, he refused, and lay down. In the night, he -heard the one with a skull that kills coming. He took up a stone and hit -him with it as he walked by and killed him. He also killed the bees that -had caused the eagles to die out by stinging them. He took the bees from -their nests and killed them all. He killed, too, the wasps that lived in -rocks, and all the yellow jackets. The tumble weeds, also, were killing -the eagles by rolling on them. He beat these weeds with a stick and -destroyed them. - -He inquired of an old eagle woman where others were living. She told him -of wood-rats which have many houses and bring back much material when -they go abroad. He went where cactus was standing and when night came, -lay down to sleep. He heard the sound of people shouting toward the -east. They were saying, “Down here.” They were chasing an insect called -_agetdlic_. He killed it. - -The stars were people and were coming to get arrows. Those who were -running after _agetdlic_ jumped over his body one by one as they reached -it. The last one who was running succeeded in jumping over the body but -fell back on it. - -They removed the skin, cut up meat, tied it up, and put it on the man's -back for him to carry. They warned him against looking back. He started -away with it and carried it until he came to the top of a hill. -Wondering why he had been told not to look back, he did so and fell over -backward. He went to the camp of the eagles and told them his load was -on the hill. They went to get the load and brought it to the camp. There -was a big pile of the meat which they brought back. “This was what he -meant,” they said. It was sunset by the time they brought the meat back. - -“The man is a good helper,” they said. “He has killed for us all those -who used to kill us.” The man then said he was going home, and the eagle -people told him he might do so. They told him, though, that if he was -afraid four times to fly down, that he could not go down. He was afraid -the fourth time and came back saying that he would start home again on -the fourth day. - -They went with him to the place where the trail came up. He was afraid -three times, but when it was to be the fourth time he flew down. - -“Where the white mirage is located in the center of the sky he rested; -where the yellow house stands, resting in its shadow he sat down. - -“The blue house, standing at the center of the sky; resting in the shade -he sat down again. - -“The black house, standing at the center of the sky; resting in its -shade he sat down again.” - -From there he flew down and lit on the earth. He alighted on a tree near -which sat the Coyote who had lowered him. He was saying he would shoot -the eagle there and get feathers to fix his arrow's. When Coyote tried -to steal up close under him the eagle flew away to his house and became -a man again. Those, who used to be his children had been renamed, “They -grew up by eating the neck.” Coyote had punched their eyes out. “He did -it with an awl,” they told their father. - -When he came back from hunting, his two children had been all right. He -heard him bring his load as he came back. He was saying, -“Raised-with-neck-meat, come and meet me.” “Do not go there,” he told -his sons. Coyote kept shouting as he came. He brought the load there and -threw it down. He called out. “Good, Cousin. You have come back? I took -good care of your children.” - -The man who had been with the eagles then told his wife to put four -stones on the fire. She put them on the fire to heat. She put one here -and one here. “Put two of the stones in your mouth and put your feet on -these two,” he told Coyote. Coyote did as he was told to, but ran only a -little way before his tail fell out. His wife had an ill odor from being -with Coyote. He beat among Coyote's children with a stick. - -He did not like living on the earth. He placed eagle plumes in a row -which multiplied fourfold. With the aid of these the man became an -eagle. The people living here came to have medicinemen with power from -eagles. He was a man but became an eagle and is now in the sky above. - ------ - -Footnote 59: - - Told by the father of Frank Crockett in February, 1910. For the - distribution of this story see p. 67 above. It was said to be the myth - of a ceremony used to cure one who gets ill from eagle feathers when - he uses them to put on his arrows. - -Footnote 60: - - This method of knowing when the parents are to return is found in - another myth, p. 17 above. - -Footnote 61: - - A similar supplying of his wants is in the Navajo account, Matthews, - 199. - - - - - HE WHO BECAME A SNAKE.[62] - - -A man (Naiyenezgani) was living alone. He brought wood there and built a -fire. He danced on rawhide against white men and then went to war. He -came where the white people were and killed a white woman. He raised up -her skirt with a stick and Gila monster was there. “Let that be your -name,” he said and Gila Monster was called _łenellai_. The two of them -started back and came to a mountain called Bitcilł'ehe. From there they -went back and came to a place called Tsitena'a. A porcupine was there -and one of the men said, “My cousin, a porcupine lies here.” They killed -it and buried it in the ashes of the fire. At midnight he uncovered it, -but Naiyenezgani did not eat of it, only his partner. “My cousin, it -tastes like red peppers, taste it,” he said. They lay down again and -went to sleep. The next morning there were traces where the one who had -eaten had crawled into the water as a snake. Naiyenezgani went back from -there and in the yellow light of evening came back to Tatakawa,[63] -saying, “Since early this morning I came from Tsitena'a.” When all the -people had come together they asked, “What place is called that?” -“Big-hawk-old-man says he has been all over earth and seen -everything.[64] Send for him,” they said. When he was summoned, he came -walking with his cane and sat down. “You are accustomed to say you have -seen every place on earth. A man says he has come from Tsitena'a since -early this morning,” they told him. “Well, it is not near. I flew from -there in ten days and when I came here the yellow light of sunset was -over the earth.” - -Naiyenezgani then said, “He stayed with me last night and he ate -something. It seems he turned into a snake and crawled in the river.” - -All the Eagle people, Black Whirlwind, the Sun, the Moon, and the Gan -people all started toward Tsitena'a. When they came there, in the -presence of the Sun and Moon, Black Gan rolled a turquoise hoop into the -water. The water of the river rose up so much. Then Ganłbaiye rolled a -hoop of _bacinϵ_ into the water. Next Gan with his face half covered -rolled a hoop of _tsϵłtcϵϵ_ in the water and the river was lifted up so -much (about a yard). Finally, Ganłtci' rolled a hoop of _yołgai_ and the -water was high enough above the river bed that a man could walk under -it.[65] - -They all entered the bed of the river and followed the man who had -turned into a snake. They finally overtook him. There was a snake on -the other side which they concluded was the one who had been a man. A -turquoise hoop was rolled toward him and it jumped over his neck. From -the neck up he took on the appearance of a man. A hoop of _bacinϵ_ was -next rolled and it fell to the waist. Next a loop of _tcϵłtcϵϵ_ was -rolled which jumped on the man and fell to the hips, above which he -took the form of a man. Finally a hoop of _yołgai_ was rolled, and his -entire body became human. Then they took him by the hand and led him -back. They danced for him twelve nights and he was restored as a man. -During the twelve nights, no one was allowed to sleep, but someone did -fall asleep. The one who had turned into a snake began to sing, “I am -going up. I am going up where the sky comes together,” he said as he -sang. He was no longer seen where he had been standing. The man had a -sister who began to sing. “Truly, I am going where it is called, -mesquites-come-together.” She was no longer where she had been -standing. - -She is the one who crawls around here in the summertime. The female -lives below; the male lives above.[66] - -It was here the Indians secured the supernatural power. Naiyenezgani -alone had the _najonc_ poles. He alone played with them. There were two -of the poles. - -My yucca fruits lie this way. - ------ - -Footnote 62: - - Told by the father of Frank Crockett in February, 1910. This is the - myth upon which the ceremony for curing one bitten by a snake rests. - For the San Carlos version see p. 64 above. - -Footnote 63: - - A valley on Cedar Creek in the White Mountain country. - -Footnote 64: - - This knowledge of geography by a bird-old-man is found in a San Carlos - story, p. 21. - -Footnote 65: - - The deities and materials have definite associations with the - world-quarters. There are certain variations in this association. - -Footnote 66: - - This refers to rattlesnakes under the mesquite bushes where they are - said to be frequently encountered. The male above is probably the - lightning which from this narrative appears connected with the - porcupine. - - - - - THE HUNTER WHO SECURED THE BEAR CEREMONY.[67] - - -A man was out hunting when there was snow on the ground. As he walked -along a hillside he slipped and fell off. Below was a bear's den and he -fell right into it. When the female bear discovered him she jumped -around and said, “Wau, wau, wau, wau.” “Please do not act like that, -grandmother,” he said. “It seems I fell in here.” He remained there four -days without anything to eat. “Are you not hungry?” the bear asked. “I -am hungry,” he replied, “but what is there I can eat?” She shook herself -and cactus fruit rained down from her. After a second period of fasting, -the same question was asked and the same reply given. When the bear -shook herself, juniper berries fell. The third time it was white oak -acorns, and the fourth time, manzanita berries. - -After that she said there were two persons living across the valley and -that they would go there to visit. She also said the visit would be -dangerous, for she had in mind bears and a bear's camp. The bear told -the man to remain between her hind legs during the period of danger. - -When they entered the bear's house and the hosts became aware of the -man's presence, they became aroused and growled, “Wau, wau, wau.” The -man remained between the hind legs of his companion who reached around -with her front legs and defended him. “He has been with me a long time -and he is our friend,” she said to the others. - -Next they all went to a camp where there were three bears and there -again the same things happened and the same expressions were used. From -there they went with him to a camp where there were four bears. He was -protected at that camp as on the former occasions and was introduced as -a friend. - -Accompanied by the bears, he went back to the camp at which he had first -arrived. He had been gone a year. He came back to his own people. From -this man there came to be bear songs and medicinemen with bear power. - ------ - -Footnote 67: - - Told by the father of Frank Crockett in February, 1910. - - - - - THE CANNIBAL OWL.[68] - - -Owl was a person. He lived by eating people, carrying off the small -children in a large burden basket. He had a wife to whom he brought -them, saying to her, “Boil them.” When they were cooked he ate them. - -There were some people who were living in a large house made of white -cactus. Owl poked a pole in after them. The people inside held on to the -pole. Owl pulled on it and the people held to it. They let go suddenly -and Owl fell over backwards. He took two children on his back and -carried them away toward the camp. He put the basket down with the -children in it and went some distance away to urinate. While he was -gone, the children put a large stone in the basket and defiled it. Owl -started away again with his load, but when he passed under the limb of a -tree the children caught hold of it. They turned into downy feathers and -were blown away by the wind. “Boys, downy feathers are being blown about -over there,” he said. They had been persons, but now they were downy -feathers. Owl brought his load to the house for his wife. She took a -knife and tried to cut across the stone with it. “It is a stone,” she -said. He took it to his son-in-law. “It is a stone with manure on it,” -he said. “That is its gall,” he replied. Owl went back to his wife. (The -story was interrupted at this point.) - ------ - -Footnote 68: - - Told by the father of Frank Crockett, February, 1910. - - - - - THE DOINGS OF COYOTE.[69] - - -Long ago, Coyote was told that the people were dying. He tied together a -hairbrush, a wooden skin-dresser, and a stone pestle, and threw them in -the water. “If these float let them come back to life,” he said. They -sank and, therefore, the dead did not come back.[70] - -Snow fell. It rained down in the form of flour. This same Coyote said, -“I chewed ice,” and it became ice. - -Also the horns of deer were tallow. Coyote again said, “I chew bones.” - -Coyote became ill. He had a handsome daughter. When he became ill, he -told his wife to throw him away. He said their daughter was to be given -to a man with a panther-skin quiver on his back who would come to play -_najonc_. This man, he said, would also have a prairie-dog in his hand. - -When Coyote was dead his wife gave the daughter to the man described by -Coyote and he married her. It was Coyote himself, who married his own -daughter. He had her hunt his lice. On the back of his head was a large -wart. He told her that the lice always stay on this side, indicating a -portion of his head remote from the wart. While she was looking for his -lice, her husband fell asleep. Wondering why he always spoke as he did, -she looked on the back of his head. There was a wart there. She slipped -his head off her lap while he was asleep and going to her mother told -her that the man was her father; that he had a wart on the back of his -head. She picked up a large stone and was about to strike him on the -crown of his head when he saw her shadow. He jumped, ran out, and -trotted off toward the east. Whenever he came where there were camps -people reviled him as the man who had his own daughter for his wife. -They heard him saying “ci, ci, ci.” They referred to him as the scabby -one and hit him. He cried “wai” and turned from human form into a -coyote. - -Coyote was driving some mules. He smothered five of the mules. He -wondered what smothered them. “Hurry,” he said, “skin their throats. -This place will be called Coyote Springs,” he said. - -When coyotes were people they all drank whiskey and ran about everywhere -shouting. When they became coyotes, they barked. - ------ - -Footnote 69: - - Told by the father of Frank Crockett. - -Footnote 70: - - This incident is generally known over western North America. Professor - Boas has discussed its distribution. - - - - - BIBLIOGRAPHY. - - - FRANCISCAN FATHERS, THE. An - Ethnologic Dictionary of the Navaho - Language. St. Michaels, Arizona, - 1910. - - GODDARD, PLINY EARLE, (a) - Jicarilla Apache Texts - (Anthropological Papers, American - Museum of Natural History, vol. - VIII. New York, 1911.) - - (b) - The Beaver Indians (Anthropological - Papers, American Museum of Natural - History, vol. X, part IV. New York, - 1916.) - - KROEBER, A. L. Gros - Ventre Myths and Tales - (Anthropological Papers, American - Museum of Natural History, vol. I, - part III. New York, 1907.) - - MATTHEWS, WASHINGTON. Navaho - Legends (Memoirs, American Folk-Lore - Society, vol. V. New York, 1897.) - - RUSSELL, FRANK. Myths - of the Jicarilla Apache (Journal of - American Folk-Lore, vol. XI, 1898.) - - VOTH, H. R. The - Traditions of the Hopi (Publication - 96, Anthropological Series, Field - Columbian Museum, vol. VIII. - Chicago, 1905.) - - WISSLER, CLARK, AND DUVALL, D. C. Blackfoot - Mythology (Anthropological Papers, - American Museum of Natural History, - vol. II, part I. New York, 1908.) - - - - - TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES - - - 1. Silently corrected typographical errors. - 2. Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed. - 3. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_. - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Myths and Tales from the White -Mountain Apache, by Pliny Earle Goddard - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MYTHS, TALES FROM WHITE MT. APACHE *** - -***** This file should be named 53113-0.txt or 53113-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/3/1/1/53113/ - -Produced by Richard Tonsing, Larry B. 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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Myths and Tales from the White Mountain Apache - Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural - History Vol. XXIV, Part II - -Author: Pliny Earle Goddard - -Release Date: September 21, 2016 [EBook #53113] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MYTHS, TALES FROM WHITE MT. APACHE *** - - - - -Produced by Richard Tonsing, Larry B. Harrison and the -Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net -(This file was produced from images generously made -available by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<div class='tnotes covernote'> - -<p class='c000'><strong>Transcriber's Note:</strong></p> - -<p class='c000'>The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.</p> - -</div> - -<div class='ph1'> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c001'> - <div>ANTHROPOLOGICAL PAPERS</div> - <div><span class='small'>OF</span></div> - <div>THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY</div> - <div class='c002'><span class='xlarge'><span class='sc'>Vol. XXIV, Part II</span></span></div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> -<div> - <h1 class='c003'><span class='large'>MYTHS AND TALES FROM THE WHITE MOUNTAIN APACHE</span></h1> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c004'> - <div>BY</div> - <div class='c002'>PLINY EARLE GODDARD</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id001'> -<img src='images/title.jpg' alt='THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY SCIENCE EDUCATION' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div><span class='large'>NEW YORK</span></div> - <div>PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES</div> - <div>1919</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='ph1'> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c001'> - <div>MYTHS AND TALES FROM THE WHITE MOUNTAIN APACHE.</div> - <div class='c002'><span class='large'><span class='sc'>By Pliny Earle Goddard.</span></span></div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_89'>89</span> - <h2 class='c005'><span class='sc'>Introduction.</span></h2> -</div> - -<p class='c006'>These myths and tales are the free translations of texts recorded in -the dialect of the White Mountain Apache. The texts themselves with -word for word translations follow as Part IV of the volume. They were -recorded, with one exception, during the winter of 1910 as a part of the -studies made in the Southwest under the yearly grant of Mr. Archer M. -Huntington. The creation myth, secured from Noze, differs in important -incidents from the versions given above from the San Carlos as well as -from versions secured from other White Mountain Apache. It should -not be assumed that these differences are tribal, it is more probable that -they are individual, since forms from the San Carlos and Navajo are closely -similar to each other.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The greater number of the remaining narratives were secured from the -father of Frank Crockett, the interpreter employed. Several of these are -ceremonial and religious in their character and probably would not have -been given except for the son's influence. Two of these were later secured -from San Carlos informants in more extended form but highly corroborative -in their general agreement.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The main purpose in recording these narratives was to secure sufficient -and varied connected texts in the dialect of the White Mountain Apache. -As a collection of mythology and folklore it is probably far from complete. -It is assumed, however, to be fairly representative.</p> -<div class='c007'><span class='sc'>Pliny Earle Goddard.</span></div> - -<div class='lg-container-l'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>January, 1919.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_91'>91</span> - <h2 class='c005'>CONTENTS.</h2> -</div> - -<table class='table0' summary='CONTENTS.'> - <tr> - <td class='c008'> </td> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Page.</span></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c008'><span class='sc'>Introduction</span></td> - <td class='c009'><a href='#Page_89'>89</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c008'><span class='sc'>Creation Myth</span></td> - <td class='c009'><a href='#Page_93'>93</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c008'><span class='sc'>Naiyenezgani</span></td> - <td class='c009'><a href='#Page_115'>115</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c008'><span class='sc'>The Placing of the Earth</span></td> - <td class='c009'><a href='#Page_119'>119</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c008'><span class='sc'>The Adolescence Ceremony</span></td> - <td class='c009'><a href='#Page_123'>123</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c008'><span class='sc'>The Migration of the Gans</span></td> - <td class='c009'><a href='#Page_124'>124</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c008'><span class='sc'>Releasing the Deer</span></td> - <td class='c009'><a href='#Page_126'>126</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c008'><span class='sc'>Deer Woman</span></td> - <td class='c009'><a href='#Page_127'>127</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c008'><span class='sc'>The Gambler who secured the Water-Ceremony</span></td> - <td class='c009'><a href='#Page_128'>128</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c008'><span class='sc'>The Man who visited the Sky with the Eagles</span></td> - <td class='c009'><a href='#Page_132'>132</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c008'><span class='sc'>He who became a Snake</span></td> - <td class='c009'><a href='#Page_135'>135</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c008'><span class='sc'>The Hunter who secured the Bear Ceremony</span></td> - <td class='c009'><a href='#Page_136'>136</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c008'><span class='sc'>The Cannibal Owl</span></td> - <td class='c009'><a href='#Page_137'>137</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c008'><span class='sc'>The Doings of Coyote</span></td> - <td class='c009'><a href='#Page_138'>138</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c008'><span class='sc'>Bibliography</span></td> - <td class='c009'><a href='#Page_139'>139</a></td> - </tr> -</table> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_93'>93</span> - <h2 class='c005'><span class='sc'>Creation Myth.</span><a id='r1' /><a href='#f1' class='c010'><sup>[1]</sup></a></h2> -</div> - -<p class='c006'>There were many houses there. A maiden went from the settlement to -the top of a high mountain<a id='r2' /><a href='#f2' class='c010'><sup>[2]</sup></a> and came where the rays of the rising Sun first -strike. She raised her skirt and the “breath” of the Sun entered her. -She went up the mountain four mornings, and four times the breath of the -Sun penetrated her. This girl who had never been married became pregnant -and the people were making remarks about it.</p> - -<p class='c000'>She went up the mountain on four successive days and four days after -that, eight days altogether, she gave birth to a child. Four days later, -the child stood on its feet. His fingers and toes were webbed and he had -neither eyebrows nor eyelashes and the hairs on his head were scattered, -one in a place. His ears were round with only the openings. Everyone -said he did not look like a man. After four more days he walked well -and played with the other children.</p> - -<p class='c000'>His mother went again to the east and lay down under a place where -water was dripping. The water fell into her as it dripped from the hanging -algæ. She did this four times and became pregnant. After four days -they all saw that her abdomen was enlarged and when she had been in that -condition four days, eight days in all, she gave birth to another child.<a id='r3' /><a href='#f3' class='c010'><sup>[3]</sup></a> -When it was four days old it stood up and was able to walk well. Its -appearance was like that of the first child. It had webbed hands and feet -and was without hair. It had round ears with holes only. The children -walked about together, the head of one being higher than that of the other.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The people were asking, “Whose children are these going about?” -They wanted to know who would make them like human beings. “Who are -the kin of the woman whose children are going about among us?” The -mother had a sister who wondered why the people were saying these things, -for the boys had a father who lived a long way off.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The boys were eight days old and big enough to run about and were -becoming intelligent. They asked their mother where their father was -living. “Why do you ask?” she said. “You cannot go to him.” “Why -<span class='pageno' id='Page_94'>94</span>do you say that? Why do you hide our father from us?” the boys asked. -“Well, do you really want to go where your father lives?” she asked them. -“Why do you suppose we are asking?” the boys replied. “We will go -where our father lives.” Their mother told them that they were talking -foolishly, that the distance was great, and that they would not be able to go. -The boys insisted but were again discouraged by their mother. They -finally said that it must be they had no father if they could not go to him. -The mother then consented and said they three would go to the top of a -great mountain. She cut a supply of meat and after four days, when it -was near dawn, they started. They came to the top of the mountain when -it was day and stood there facing the Sun. The woman stood between the -boys holding them by the hand. When the sun was rising she said: “Look, -your father is rising. Observe well. His breath streams out from four -sides. Go towards the streaming out of his breath. There are dangerous -things living in the east. What have you to go with?” She had a brown -fly and she gave it to the boys, that it might sit by their ears. The fly was -to show them the way and tell them where the dangerous ones lived.</p> - -<p class='c000'>She told them they were to start at midday. They remained there -until the sun reached the sky hole.<a id='r4' /><a href='#f4' class='c010'><sup>[4]</sup></a> They then went four times around the -trees on top of the mountain. The woman started home and the boys -set out on their journey.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The boys went toward the east but the Sun was going in the opposite -direction.<a id='r5' /><a href='#f5' class='c010'><sup>[5]</sup></a> The boys sat down and cried. A Raven, spreading out his -wings, alighted nearby and asked the boys why they were crying. The -boys replied that their father lived over there and that they were going to -visit him. The Raven asked if they were carrying anything in the way of -food with them. They replied that they had some meat. The Raven said -they might ride on his back if they would give him some of the meat. The -fly told them it would be all right to ride on the Raven, that the Raven -could see half the way and that there someone was living who knew the -remainder of the way. They were told by the Raven to break up the meat -and put the pieces in his mouth, that two of the parcels would sustain him -until he finished the journey as far as he knew the way. They were directed -to get on the Raven's back. The Raven began by flying near the ground, -then went higher and higher, circling around. A hot rain fell but the -Raven covered them with his wings. They kept putting the meat into the -Raven's mouth. When they had fed the Raven two pieces of the meat -they passed through a cloud where the large Eagle lived. The Raven -<span class='pageno' id='Page_95'>95</span>told them that that one (the Eagle) would now take them, that he knew all -the places because he saw everything upon the earth; that he himself would -go back.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Eagle asked them where they were going, saying that he lived in a -dangerous place. The boys indicated the direction they were going, saying -they had been told their father lived there. Eagle said it was true their -father lived at that place and asked if they had heard about his house. -The boys replied that their mother had told them that the Sun was their -father and that he lived over there. Because she had told them this they -were on their way to see him. Eagle asked them by what means they -intended to go, saying even he was in danger from the Sun. The fly staying -by the ear of one of the boys flew away and soon returned with the statement -that the dangerous places did exist and that Eagle, with whom they were -sitting, was the one who knew and was in control of these dangerous places. -Before the house of the Sun was ice, interlocked like fallen timber. Eagle -addressed the boys, asking if they had with them anything from the earth, -meaning meat. They replied that they had and each of the boys took some -from his pocket. Eagle asked for some of it, which when it was given him -he ate.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Eagle then said they would set out, for he knew the trail. He requested -them to put meat in his mouth as he flew with them, indicating the amount -which would be sufficient, for the trail. When they were seated on the Eagle -he started down with them, circling around as he flew. A storm of hail -fell on them, the hailstones being large with thirty-two points.<a id='r6' /><a href='#f6' class='c010'><sup>[6]</sup></a> The eagle -protected the boys by covering them with his wings which were rolled back -over them. When they had passed through the storm Eagle asked that -meat be put in his mouth. When he had been fed he flew away with -the boys and went through a hole which was there for him. When he came -to the trail he alighted and pointing out the path told them that it led to -the house of the Sun.<a id='r7' /><a href='#f7' class='c010'><sup>[7]</sup></a> He said that he himself would now turn back home.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The boys went forward until they crossed a shallow valley beyond which -was the house, which had projections running out in four directions. When -they walked with their eyes closed the house went out of sight, but when -they opened their eyes the house settled down again. It did this four times -and then it stood firmly. The two boys walked on and coming to the house, -stood in front of the entrance. An old woman who was the wife of the -Sun sat there.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_96'>96</span>She advised them to go on wherever they were intending to go, since a -person of mean disposition was soon to arrive. The woman who spoke to -them was really handsome but she sat there in the form of an old woman. -The boys replied that they had been told that their father lived there, and -that they had started to come that morning. The woman replied that she -did not know who their father was. The boys said that the Sun was their -father and they had come to visit him. The woman then asked who had -told them that the Sun was their father. They said their mother had told -them so. The woman told them that their father would soon return and -asked them to be seated on a chair she indicated. When they were seated, -the chair kept whirling around with them. When the chair would lift up -the woman would make it come down again. When the woman saw the -chair come down again she announced herself as nearly convinced they had -spoken the truth.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Saying that the Sun was now coming close, she took four silk blankets<a id='r8' /><a href='#f8' class='c010'><sup>[8]</sup></a> -of different colors which had been sewed together projecting in four directions -and rolled the boys up in them. She put them into an inside room. -They heard the Sun come back and heard him speak. “Old woman, where -are the two men who came here?” he asked. The woman replied: “I -have not seen anyone. No one has been here.” “You say there is no one. -They must have come, for here are their tracks,” the Sun replied. “You -must have been cohabiting with someone else. You say you travel over -this broad earth and that you do not visit anyone. You must have been -deceiving me about it for two men came in from that trail saying they are -your children,” his wife said. The Sun asked that they be brought in, -and the woman opened the door, brought in the roll of blankets, and threw -it down. The Sun shook the blankets and two men stood up. The Sun -spoke: “Hesh, do you consider these to be my children? They do not -look like me.” He stood by them and repeated his question, calling attention -to their webbed hands and feet and their round ears. “Are you really -my children?” he asked them. “Who is called the Sun, I wonder?” the -youngest of the boys said, and water fell from his eyes. “Well, maybe you -are my children. Sit here and wait,” the Sun said. Their fly looked -around and reported that the man was their father. After examining the -room everywhere, the inner corners, the windows, and door, the fly told -them that ordeals were being prepared for them. He said that soon a -blazing sky would be arranged, into which they would be thrown. The -fly looked around for downy feathers which he gave the boys.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When the Sun had finished eating he asked that those who said they were -<span class='pageno' id='Page_97'>97</span>the Sun's children should be brought in. He threw them into the place of -danger. He pushed them in with lightning which had sharp spines. They -turned into downy feathers and stood in front of him again. “It is true,” -the Sun said. He threw them in four times, pushing them down. Each -time they turned into feathers and came back in front of the Sun as before. -The Sun then said he was convinced that they were his children. His -wife said: “They told you they were your children, but you have treated -them badly.” The Sun replied: “They certainly are my children but I -did not believe it before.” The Sun asked his wife to prepare a sweatlodge -as soon as they had eaten.</p> - -<p class='c000'>She made a sweatlodge covered with a blue blanket on one side, a black -one on another side, a white one on another side, and a yellow one on another -side. His wife had the stones heated red hot, like red hot iron. They -three went right in, but the Sun only came out again. When the bath had -been heated the fourth time the boys were as if they had been boiled. He -pushed back the skin which was between their fingers and toes. He fixed -for them their lower leg muscles, their knees, their thighs, their biceps, -their elbows, and their lower arms. He made the hair of their heads come -to their hips, twisting it off at that length. He made their ears, their -eyelashes, and their eyebrows, their noses, their mouths, and their faces. -He fixed every part of their bodies as it should be. The Sun went out of -the bath with the boys and sat with them on the seat where his wife usually -sat. They were just like men.<a id='r9' /><a href='#f9' class='c010'><sup>[9]</sup></a> When the wife of the Sun came and stood -in front of them she looked at them closely, but could not distinguish one -from the other. “Move, husband,” she said. The one sitting in the -middle moved himself. “You told me you had not been with any woman -but you fooled me. These are your children. You must have a wife. -Go home with them,” the woman said.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Sun spoke to his wife, saying that these were his children but that -if he went away with them to the earth she would be lonesome. Only -today there was a good sunset. “Just now when you said 'no' your eye -winked,” he said to her. “I am jealous of what is far away,” she said. -The Sun said he would not go, but would talk to his children.</p> - -<p class='c000'>“My boys, shall I give you names?” “Yes, it is not well to be without -names,” they replied. Then the Sun said he would name them. He told -the older his name would be Naiyenezgani and that he must behave well.<a id='r10' /><a href='#f10' class='c010'><sup>[10]</sup></a> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_98'>98</span>He told the other one that he would be named Tobatc'istcini. “When you -are upon the earth you will be called so and you will tell them that your -father named you that. You shall say, 'He made my name Naiyenezgani.' -But you, 'Tobatc'istcini he made my name,' you must tell them.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Sun then asked them for what they had come. They told him they -had come for his horse, his saddle, his bridle, his halter, his rope, and his -saddle blanket. The Sun asked who had told them he had such property. -The older one replied that their mother had told them what property he had -and had told them that she would be happy if they brought it back to the -earth. She said that he (the Sun) would also be happy. The Sun replied -that he had no property, no horse, saddle, bridle, halter, rope, or saddle -blanket. The fly had told them that the Sun had these, but he looked -around again and reported that the Sun had them close by.</p> - -<p class='c000'>“Let us go over there,” one of them proposed. They went to a fenced -enclosure and entered through a gate. The yard was so full of black bears -that the mass of their moving backs occupied the entire space. “Which -of those are my horses?” the Sun asked. “They are fearful animals,” the -boys replied. “These are my horses,” the Sun insisted and mounted one -of them and rode around on it. The fly informed the boys that they were -being deceived. The Sun proposed that they should go in another direction -to another enclosure. Inside this yard were white-tail deer, mule -deer, elk, and mountain-sheep. The Sun announced that these were his -horses and told the boys to choose any one they liked and catch it. “Which -is the largest?” he asked them. “These are not horses,” the boys replied, -“they are named deer. We asked you for horses.” The Sun insisted they -were his horses and that he rode them great distances. “Well, you have -outwitted me. I thought I would succeed in outwitting you, but you have -won.” The younger brother asked the Sun what he was concealing from -them, saying he could find them. The Sun asked them not to say that and -proposed that they look in another place where he had a few horses confined. -They went to the place indicated and found the place filled with antelope, -sheep, goats, and pigs. “Catch any one of these you want,” the Sun -said. “You tend to them here alone,” the boys replied and walked out -leaving the Sun who followed behind.</p> - -<p class='c000'>They went to the house and ate a meal. Their fly told them that the -Sun's horses were in the enclosure that had four doors. When they had -finished eating they went to this enclosure which was a house with a roof -having holes in it. It had spikes like irons, sticking up from it. It was -closed and completely dark. “There are horses in there,” the fly told them. -The Sun said, “I told you it was useless.” One of the boys asked that they -might look in. There was a door there which he opened. A little beyond it -<span class='pageno' id='Page_99'>99</span>was another door, a little beyond another, and a little beyond that another, -and still beyond that another. They now came to horses in the enclosure -but could not enter. By standing on something they could see through a -hole in the roof. They could not get in between the horses until they were -caused to separate and to open up a passage. The Sun then told them to -catch the horse that they thought was his. The fly sitting by one of their -ears told them they were to catch the horse with a rope which they should -induce the Sun to give them. When the Sun again urged them to catch -the horse without delay, they asked whether they should lead the horse -by the mane or carry him out in their hands. The Sun, with spotted ropes -in his hand, went right through the door which he opened. He gave one of -the ropes to each of the boys, telling them to catch the horses which were -his. The animals were milling around in the enclosure. In the center was -one which was not moving, a sorrel with a small white spot on its forehead. -Its mane reached the ground. When it raised its head one of the boys -started toward it, the horses separating. He threw the rope and caught -the horse which he led back. The Sun then told the other boy to catch a -horse, wanting to know who had told him which horse to catch. There -was a stallion running around the outside of the herd. Its mane reached -the ground; he was acting wild but the fly told them that although he acted -as if he were mean he was really gentle. He directed them to take both these -horses from the Sun. When the other boy started with his rope toward the -stallion he was running around the outside of the herd and coming toward -the boy. When he came close and saw the boy he stopped and then wheeled -back. The boy lassoed it and immediately the horse trotted up to him, -nosing his arm. He led the stallion up beside the sorrel horse which was -a mare. The Sun said: “There they are, ride them, take them with you -to the earth.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>The boys then asked for the horse trappings for which they had also -come. The Sun said he did not know what they meant by horse trappings. -The younger boy said, “Well, if you do not know what horse trappings are, -do not again put them on these horses in the corral.” The Sun asked who -it was who had made them as smart as he was himself. They replied that -he, the Sun, had made them smart and had made them speak wisely. They -then asked by name for bridle, halter, saddle blanket, and saddle.<a id='r11' /><a href='#f11' class='c010'><sup>[11]</sup></a> Turning -his back to the boys he walked away and opened a door, bidding the boys -enter. They went in and saw saddles lying there with bridles hanging -on the saddle horns. The blankets were lying beneath. Before they went -in the fly flew in and selected two out of all the saddles. One was lying at -<span class='pageno' id='Page_100'>100</span>the east and the other at the west. The first was blue and the other yellow. -The fly had returned to one of their ears by the time the Sun said: “There -are those saddles, take the ones you want.” The fly told the boys that the -saddles which looked good really were not, but that they should choose the -blue and yellow ones, indicating them, and the blankets, halters, bridles, -and ropes of similar colors lying by them. These were the Sun's own particular -set of trappings. When the Sun urged them to hurry up each boy -stepped toward the saddle he had chosen. When they did so the saddles -moved of themselves with the blankets and bridles. There was a sound -“gij” of the moving leather and “tsil” as they came to rest.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Sun turned his face away and took a black silk handkerchief which -had two white stripes around the border from his pocket. With this he -wiped his eyes. “I raised you for just this purpose,” he said. The Sun -started to walk toward the horses. Their fly had told them not to touch -the saddles, that the Sun himself would fix them. “They belong to you,” -the fly said. “Everything is alive; the rope on the horse moves about of -itself. The saddle will jump on of itself.”<a id='r12' /><a href='#f12' class='c010'><sup>[12]</sup></a> The fly told them this. The -halter was gone, the bridle and saddle blanket which had been lying on -the saddle were gone. The halter, bridle, and saddle blanket that had been -with the blue saddle were also gone. The Sun called them to come where he -was standing. They both went out again and the doors of the saddle room -and of the stable were shut.</p> - -<p class='c000'>They went to the Sun, who was standing between the two horses so that -their heads projected as he held the bridles. They started away, the boys -walking in front of the Sun as he directed them to do. They passed through -the four doors to a post standing in front of the Sun's house. He led the -horses to the post where they stood without being tied.<a id='r13' /><a href='#f13' class='c010'><sup>[13]</sup></a> There were four -chairs standing inside the Sun's house; and one by itself for the woman.<a id='r14' /><a href='#f14' class='c010'><sup>[14]</sup></a> -His children sat on the chairs and his wife sat on the one which was hers. -The Sun addressed them as follows:—</p> - -<p class='c000'>“My boys, I will instruct you about the dangerous places you will -come to. The horses know the dangerous places on the way back. My wife -is pleased with you and treats you well. That is why you are to have these -horses, one of which is hers. The other is mine and so is the saddle, bridle, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_101'>101</span>halter, and saddle blanket. They are all mine. You will go back to your -kindred. When you are near, hurry. I will give you something.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Sun got up and reached inside to a shelf from which he took up an -iron knife like a sword. Turning around he took up a bow and arrows -having iron heads. There were two of the arrows. “I give these to you,” -he said. “You are giving us these! Our mother did not know about them. -Why does she not give us something?” the boys said. The Sun's wife said -she would speak a few words to them. “You shall be my nephews. Your -mother shall be my sister. She shall be like me. Because of this I have -treated you well. She shall be the same as I. I become an old woman and -at other times I am as if I were two years old. She shall be the same way.<a id='r15' /><a href='#f15' class='c010'><sup>[15]</sup></a> -You shall tell her this before the Sun travels far. I am the one telling you; -he did not tell you. I will name my sister. Your father will give you names.” -The Sun picked something up and was still holding it. “Wait, I will tell -you something and after that he will give you a name. I name her Nigostsanbikayo.<a id='r16' /><a href='#f16' class='c010'><sup>[16]</sup></a> -Every one will call her that. She will come to me. You, -too, will come to me. I give a name to your mother. She will be called -Ests'unnadlehi and she will help you. I make a name for her, Ests'unnadlehi, -and with that she will help you. When she has children again they -will be two girls. These girls will belong to the people for there will be -people.<a id='r17' /><a href='#f17' class='c010'><sup>[17]</sup></a> She will help them. I, too, will help them when they come to me. -He, too, will help his children. That is why I am telling you and you must -remember it well. I have finished. Your father will tell you about the -objects he is about to give you.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Sun gave the elder boy a weapon saying, “This will be called a -'blue sword.' You will use it against the monsters on the earth. Because -of that I gave you the name, Naiyenezgani.” He gave the weapon to him -saying, “That is all for you.” Addressing the younger, he said, “Now I -give this to you, Tobatc'istcini. You will use this which I give you against -those who prey upon people. You are to help each other. I shall be near -you watching you. Whatever you do will be known to me. It will be well -if you kill these evil ones. The people will live everywhere.” He gave -him the bow with the injunction that he should draw the bow three times -without releasing the arrow and then he should shoot the dangerous beings -<span class='pageno' id='Page_102'>102</span>and they would fly apart. Having said this, he proposed they should eat -something. The Sun's wife was still sitting in her accustomed seat. The -men went to the table, well loaded with food prepared by some unknown -agency, and began to eat. The Sun's wife gave the elder one a spotted belt -with a yellow fringe hanging from its border.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When they had finished the meal, the Sun said he did not know how -the visitors were to return. They went where the horses stood and the -Sun said, “Children, this stallion will go well in the lead. Now mount the -horses.” He held the stirrup and saddle horn and told the boys to get on. -They did so and rode away from the Sun's house where towards the east a -post stands up with white hair<a id='r18' /><a href='#f18' class='c010'><sup>[18]</sup></a> which reaches to the ground and turns up -again. The rain falls on it. They rode their horses around this post four -times and came back where they were standing before, as the Sun directed -them to do.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When they had finished, the Sun's wife came up to them and told her -husband to count for his sons the two saddle blankets, two halters, two -bridles, two ropes, and two saddles. The Sun told them to start home; -that he was well acquainted with them. He charged them to take good -care of the saddle blankets and directed that the gray horse should go in -the lead because he knew the trail to the place midway between the earth -and the sky. From that point the sorrel horse was to lead because that -one knew the way from there on. When they returned where their mother -lived he told them to stake the horses out for four nights. The sorrel was -to be staked toward the east and the gray to the west. Having ridden the -horses among the people they were to unsaddle them in some good place. -A white saddle blanket was to be placed toward the east, a black one to the -south, a yellow one to the west, and a blue one to the north.<a id='r19' /><a href='#f19' class='c010'><sup>[19]</sup></a> The bridles, -halters, ropes, and saddles were to be brought to the camp. He charged -them to keep in mind what he was telling, for he was telling them this that -they might be good men. He divided his property between his boys. He -told them after the horses had been running loose four days to go to them -early in the morning. This might be in any good place where canyons -meet, making a flat. When they came to them they were to hold out their -hands, palms upward, towards the horses. They were to catch the horses -while they were licking their hands. They were to consider what he told -them and when they should go for the horses after four days, the four -<span class='pageno' id='Page_103'>103</span>canyons coming together would be full of horses. When their horses had -been caught by holding out their hands, the saddle blankets, one on the -other, were to be put on them and the horses were to be saddled. They -were to ride the horses all day until sunset when they were to be turned out -again. Having turned them out, they were told they might go the next -day to see what was happening. Having finished his speech he dismissed -the boys.</p> - -<p class='c000'>They went with the Sun until they came to the top of the ridge, where -they stopped. The Sun felt the horses all over. He felt of their legs, their -feet, their faces, their ears, their manes, their backs, petting them. “Goodbye, -my horses,” he said, “travel well for my boys down to the earth. There -is food for you on the earth the same as here.” He addressed the gray -horse, telling him to be the leader on the way toward the earth since he -knew the way. He told the boys not to look at the horses' feet nor to -look behind them, but to keep their eyes fixed on the tips of their ears.</p> - -<p class='c000'>They started; before they knew it the horses had changed places, and -the sorrel was leading. They thought the earth was far off but they soon -found the horses were trotting along on the earth. Now the horses were -running with them toward their camp. They rode up slowly where the people -were walking about. They rode to the camp side by side, and the people -all ran out to look at them. Their mother was standing outside watching -them and they rode up one on each side of her. “Mother, Ests'unnadlehi, -unsaddle our horses,” they said to her.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The people all came up to them. The woman, laughing, ran her hand -over the horses saying, “Your father gave you large horses.” When the -people had all come there, the boys told them to call their mother Ests'unnadlehi. -They all called her by that name. The older boy said they were -to call him Naiyenezgani. The younger one said they were to call him -Tobatc'istcini.<a id='r20' /><a href='#f20' class='c010'><sup>[20]</sup></a> They addressed them saying, “When we were here before -you used to laugh at us because we were poor. We used to walk because -we were poor. We have visited our father where he lives. The Sun's wife -named our mother. Call me Naiyenezgani. That one was given the name, -Tobatc'istcini. These will be our names and be careful to call them correctly. -Do not come near these horses. We will stake one out here and -the other one there. They will remain tied out four days. You may go.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>Before sundown on the fourth day the horses whinnied. They went to -their horses and saddled them. They rode around among the camps until -sundown and then rode them to a flat where four canyons came together. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_104'>104</span>They hung a white saddle blanket toward the east, a black one to the south, -a yellow one to the west, and a blue one to the north. Their fly told them -to hang the blankets in four places, making an enclosure of them. After -four days they were to come and would find conditions different. He -charged the boys not to miss doing just as their father had told them. -They went back to the camp carrying the saddles, bridles, halters, and ropes. -After two days had passed their fly flew away. He returned, reporting -that there were many horses filling the place where the four canyons came -together. The next day he reported that the horses were so thick one could -walk on their backs. The next day (the fourth), about sunrise, the two -boys went there with their ropes in their hands. When they came to the -eastern canyon it was full of white horses, the southern one was full of black -horses, the western was full of yellow horses, and the northern canyon with -blue (gray) horses.</p> - -<p class='c000'>They took down all the saddle blankets and piled them together. With -valleys in four directions full of horses they did not know their former -horses from the others. They considered how they might distinguish them. -The horses were milling around near where a blanket hung. They were all -mingled together with the colors mixed. The men approached the horses -but they stopped before they got to them. They extended their hands -with pollen on the palms and the horses whinneyed. Then two horses -trotted up to them and licked the pollen from the hands of their owners -who caught them while they did it.<a id='r21' /><a href='#f21' class='c010'><sup>[21]</sup></a> They led these horses back to the -camp where the saddles, etc., were lying.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When they led these two horses all the others followed. Their fly told -them all about the two horses, what they had done, and that they had made -many horses for them. Four days from now it would come about that the -broad earth would be covered with horses. Their fly flew to the Sun's -camp and the Sun instructed him. “Drive the horses over this way and -put a halter on top of that mountain; put a rope on the top of this mountain -to the south; put a halter on the top of the mountain to the west; -and put a rope on the mountain to the north. Your father says this,” -the fly told them.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The older of the brothers told the people that they should ride the -horses and not think they were wild. “Catch any of them and saddle -them. When you have ridden your horses, then do not go near them for -four days. Keep away from the horses which are inside where the halters -and ropes are lying. Turn the horses loose in the space enclosed by the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_105'>105</span>ropes and the halter. If they see you they may stampede. These horses -will be of great value to you.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>The brothers rode the two horses and the others all followed. When -the two horses whinneyed, the others all answered. They took off the -ropes and went back to camp. They asked their mother to put up two -posts and to put a smooth pole across their tops. She was asked to put -the saddles on this pole with their horns toward the east.<a id='r22' /><a href='#f22' class='c010'><sup>[22]</sup></a> The bridles -were to be hung on the saddle horns and the saddle blankets spread over -the saddles. They asked her to think about the saddles where they were -lying during the night.</p> - -<p class='c000'>She kept her mind on the saddles during the night and in the early -morning she went out to them. There were four saddles on the pole where -there had been only two. She still kept her mind on the saddles and the -next morning there were six lying there. “My child,” she said, “you -spoke the truth. I kept my mind on the saddles and six are now lying -there.” Tobatc'istcini said, “Very well, keep thinking about them all -night and go to them early in the morning.” When she went out, there -were eight saddles on the pole.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Naiyenezgani said he was going yonder and would be back by sunset. -He went to the mountain top where the halter lay. The Sun was standing -there. “It must be my father,” he said. “I did not know you. I am -glad you came down to me.” “Well, my son,” the Sun replied, “let us go -around the horses.” “What time will it be when we get around them?” -the son asked. Leaving the place where the halters were lying they went -where the ropes were. The space was level full of horses. “Fine, my -son,” the Sun said to Naiyenezgani, “with ropes and halters you made a -fence so the horses cannot get out. You have this broad world for a corral.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>They went on and came where the halters were piled up. “These -halters will round up the wild horses for you and you will put them on their -heads.” They went on and came where the rope hung. “These ropes -will drive the horses together for you. They will drive the wild horses -close to camp for you.” They started back and came where Naiyenezgani -had met the Sun. “I have done everything for you,” the Sun said. “Now -I am going back and leave you. You too will go home. Tomorrow it will -be finished. You will give your people two horses apiece. Give each of -them one stallion and one mare. Distribute them from noon until sunset. -These horses are mares and stallions in equal numbers. Tonight two -saddles are to be placed on the pole you put up. You shall keep three -saddles and give away seven. When you give away the horses give away -<span class='pageno' id='Page_106'>106</span>seven saddles. Now my son, we separate. Shake hands. Others will do -as we do.” They said <i><span lang="apw" xml:lang="apw">njo</span></i> to each other and separated. It was not long -before he was back and stood there as the sun set. He was happy and -laughing. “Where have you been, my son?” his mother asked. “You -must have been in a good place or you would not be laughing.” “What -did you say, mother?” he replied. “I am happy; when I came over there -where the halter lay I met my father. I walked with him all day. As -we walked around the horses he told me about everything. I am happy.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>He said that none of them should go out tomorrow, but that he himself -would go out early. When he went out there in front of the yellow saddle -lay a white saddle. Behind that was a blue one. Between them was a -yellow saddle. The pole was full. There were ten saddles in a row. “I -told you to put up a long pole, and you put up a short one,” he said to his -mother. “You said dig one hole here and another there, my son,” she -replied. “Just these may well be our saddles,” he said. He called Tobatc'istcini, -saying they would go to catch the horses. “You go to the rope -over there. I, too, will go to the other rope. Hurry, we will catch the -horses,” he said to him. He ran where one rope was, and the other one -went where the other rope was. When they came to the two ropes, they -circled around, driving the horses all towards each other. They could not -find their own horses, the Sun's horses. They went into the enclosure and -walked around. Even when they went around that way they could not -find the horses. They looked for them again, going around among the -other horses, but they could not find them. The horses touched each -other, they were so thick.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Then Tobatc'istcini said, “Naiyenezgani, why do you act so? Is -your mind gone? You say you met your father yesterday and that you -spent the day going around the horses. He took them out of the herd, -and away from you.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>Naiyenezgani caught a black stallion and the other brother a sorrel -gelding. When they led them to the camp their mother asked Tobatc'istcini -why he had caught a sorrel and told him to turn him loose and catch a -white gelding. She said the gray and sorrel horses were made for them -and that they were well trained the day before. She told them to hurry -and drive the horses in. Tobatc'istcini rode the sorrel horse back and -unsaddled it. He then caught a white horse and drove the gray horses -back to the camp.<a id='r23' /><a href='#f23' class='c010'><sup>[23]</sup></a></p> - -<p class='c000'>“Let us go,” he said to his brother. They mounted the horses and rode -along. Their mother spoke to them, “My boys, take off that yellow saddle -<span class='pageno' id='Page_107'>107</span>and put on a white one.” When they came riding back where their mother -was, a horse whinneyed. It sounded like the voice of the gray stallion that -used to be his horse. Another horse whinneyed in this direction and the -voice was like that of the sorrel mare. They knew their horses when they -whinneyed and one said to the other, “Brother, those are our horses whinneying -but we cannot do anything about it.”<a id='r24' /><a href='#f24' class='c010'><sup>[24]</sup></a> “Let us hurry,” the other -said. They rode toward the herd of horses but the horses started to run -and the herd broke up. While they were looking they ran where their -horses whinneyed. Their fly told them that the horses had already run -into the enclosure and that the four doors were shut. They heard them -whinneying far away. Their fly said the horses were already in their -stable, but they still whinneyed. They drove the other horses near the -camp. The older brother told the people to form in a line around the -horses. He said they were going to stake out horses for them. The people -replied that they had no ropes, that only the two brothers had them. They -asked the brothers to make ropes for them. They were told to wait while -they returned where the horses used to be. They told them that they -would have ropes the next day. The brothers went in different directions, -calling to each other. They met and sent their fly to the Sun because the -people were without ropes. He told his brother to go back where he had -been staying. He directed him also to take the bridle off and to leave the -rope as it was, tied to the saddle. “When the Sun is in the middle of the -sky we will drive the horses back. Although it is late the Sun will be in -the same place.<a id='r25' /><a href='#f25' class='c010'><sup>[25]</sup></a> He (the Sun) may give us something,” he said.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The fly returned and reported: “Your horse was standing behind him. -He sat watching where the stallions were fighting each other. He kept -looking at them and then he went a little way.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Sun's disk was yellow as at sunset. He looked down four times. -The yellow beams struck under his raised knees. From the other side -they also streamed toward him. Nothing happened, and he got up and -went to his horse. When he put his foot in the stirrup and mounted, ropes -were tied in four places to the saddle strings where there had been no ropes -before. Both saddles were that way. They both mounted together and -their horses pawed the ground and snorted. He rode back to the camp, -loping, and the other horses strung out behind him. The other brother -was running his horse on the other side. They stopped near the camp. -The horses were all lined up facing him. He called to the one on horseback, -“Come here.” He rode up to him and he asked how many ropes there were. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_108'>108</span>The other replied he did not know for he had not counted them, and inquired -of the other how many ropes he had. The first speaker replied that he did -not know. Then the younger brother said the other should catch the -horses for them and lead them out while he remained on his horse where -he was. The other brother then rode among the horses and caught a mare. -He led the horse out and gave the rope to one of the men. He rode back -among the horses and caught a stallion. When he had caught six horses, -the ropes were all gone. He beckoned with his hand and his brother rode -up to him. “Had you only six ropes?” he asked. “Yes, I only had six -and I have caught six horses. Now, take your turn and I will remain here -on horseback.” The second brother caught the horses and reported that -he had chosen the better horses. The horses were all good but some of them -looked to be small.</p> - -<p class='c000'>They told the people there were only seven saddles and that so many of -the men might have saddles, but that the others must ride around bareback -for the present. He told them that some time they might have saddles -because the Sun knew of their need and he himself knew it. He instructed -them to tie out their horses close by. He said if they heard the horses -nickering they would know that the stallions were covering the mares. -They would also know the colts when they were foaled. If they turned -their horses loose they might not know them. The ropes he said would -guard their horses for them. They would now drive back the other horses -while those who had received horses staked theirs out.</p> - -<p class='c000'>He drove the horses away and hung his bridle up. The other one he -laid in another direction. He took the saddle and everything else back to -the camp. They came back to the camp in the middle of the night but -they did not know it was night because the Sun had not moved.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When two days had passed two men came. There were many horses -where they had passed. They reported that something was running around -the other side of this large mountain. They did not know what it was, nor -to whom it belonged. They wondered what was meant and sent their -fly to find out. He flew away and came back almost immediately. He said -it was true. On the ridge beyond the mountain he saw horse tracks and a -trail with dust as fine as flour.</p> - -<p class='c000'>One of the brothers asked his mother to cook for the men quickly. It -was while they were eating that the fly reported. “Fly back there,” he -directed him. He told the visitors to remain, for they were no doubt tired. -They went back where the bridle was lying. They took off the rope and -hung it toward the east. They spoke to the bridle asking that the horses, -wherever they went, should come back together during the night.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The visitors were as the two brothers had been. They had no eyelashes -<span class='pageno' id='Page_109'>109</span>or eyebrows. Their ears were round and their heads were smooth. -There were webs between their fingers and toes. When they were asked -whence they came they replied that they had assumed there were people -living somewhere. Their own people had been killed off by something until -only the two were left. They saved themselves at night by digging a -trench and covering it with a large rock. When they started away, one -of the brothers asked where they were going. They replied that they did -not know where they were going but preferred not to stay where they were. -They said they did not like to be with many peoples. They preferred staying -there with their present hosts. Naiyenezgani asked them to tell their -story during the night.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When night came, he called four men to come and listen to what the -visitors were about to tell. He asked each of the four men to question the -guests. “What is the country called where you live and what kind of thing -is killing your people?” he asked. “Tell us about it.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>“The place where we live is called <i><span lang="apw" xml:lang="apw">danagogai</span></i>, plain. Something has -been killing our kinsfolk. It has been killing people everywhere on the -earth. We do not know what to do,” one of them replied. Naiyenezgani -told another of the men to question them. He asked if it were really true -that they had been living in that place, saying he did not believe what the -other had said. One of the guests replied that it was true. He said they -did not know how to tell untruths and that it was not right to do so. “While -we are here in camp it will kill someone.” He added, “I have finished.” -The second questioner said, “Why did you tell us this? We are uneasy -about it.” They replied that they were afraid of it and therefore came there -where they intended to live with them.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Naiyenezgani called upon a third man to question them. “Why did -you leave a trail for them?” he inquired. “When your kinsfolk were all -killed, why did you come to us leaving a trail?” The same man spoke -again. He directed that the next day a sweatbath should be prepared -that they should take a bath with the two visitors.</p> - -<p class='c000'>“You said the horses had gone far away. I presume they have already -come together again,” he said. “These some-kind-of-things you said were -going away we call horses. That is all I have to say.” “These two will -speak to you,” one of the company said.</p> - -<p class='c000'>“I cannot promise that I will kill that thing which has been killing your -people. Hurry to build the sweatlodge he mentioned,” Tobatc'istcini said. -“Make the sweatbath: we are going for the horses,” he added.</p> - -<p class='c000'>During the night the horses had come together. One bridle was lying -at the east and the other at the west. They told the horses they must all -stay there together. When the brothers returned the sweatlodge was built -<span class='pageno' id='Page_110'>110</span>and the stones were on the fire. Tobatc'istcini directed that the men should -stand in line while four of them should go into the bath four times. He said -that when they had come out the fourth time the visitors would be like -themselves. “You built this sweatbath, but it belongs to the Sun,” he -told them. When he (Naiyenezgani) went in with them the fourth time he -asked them where the thing was living which was killing them. The visitors -replied that he lived down this way, pointing toward the west. “The -one that has killed all of our people has something long for a weapon,” he -added. Naiyenezgani said, “Well, he has been killing you.” When they -came out the fourth time they all looked alike. They ate and after the meal -the brothers told them all to remain there while they went to yonder white -mountain ridge to look beyond. He looked at the Sun.</p> - -<p class='c000'>They landed far away on the mountain ridge.<a id='r26' /><a href='#f26' class='c010'><sup>[26]</sup></a> Beyond that mountain -they went to another. There was a plain on which a mountain was standing. -They landed next on that mountain. Tobatc'istcini said, “Brother, -is the dangerous thing feared by you? If you are afraid, I am afraid. If -you are not afraid neither am I afraid. You are the elder, I am the -younger.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>A man was walking in a valley without brush. He was the one who -kills people. They sent their fly to look over the body of their enemy, to -examine his ears, his eyes, and his mouth. The fly flew to the man and -alighted on his ear. When he alighted on his nose the man said, “It is not -just you. You smell like a man.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>The fly reported that they could not come up to the man, for while he -walked in one direction he could see behind because he had eyes in the -back of his head. He had no eyes in front. “He has something long in his -hand with which he kills people. When I sat on his nose he told me I -smelled like people,” the fly reported. “He is the same sort of a person -that you are.” The fly told them to go around to a certain gap in the ridge, -where the monster was accustomed to pass, and stand side by side. He -promised to let them know when the enemy approached. When the -monster walked along, the fly came back where the brothers were standing -side by side and said, “He is coming up here very close. If he stops here -you must cut his head off. Now, you shoot him,” he said. “If he sees -anyone he makes a sweep with his long weapon and kills the person even -a long way off.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>The man came close to them and stopped. One of them shot him and -the other cut his head off. He stood just as he was before. They shot -<span class='pageno' id='Page_111'>111</span>again and cut his head off again. The head fell but came back on again. -One of them shot at him the third time and the other cut his neck off again. -Then one of them ran around in front of him and shot him in the heart. -This time his flesh flew apart and was scattered over considerable space. -The flesh was quivering. That which they killed was called Naiye'. “That -is why he named you Naiyenezgani,”<a id='r27' /><a href='#f27' class='c010'><sup>[27]</sup></a> their fly said. “Because you and -Tobatc'istcini both will kill dangerous beings your father named you that.” -“You did this in his presence. He was looking at you and prevented -the monster's making any move against you. He gave you the weapons -with which you killed him. He did it for the good of mankind. Turn the -head over and look at its face,” their fly told them. They turned him over -and looked at his face. His face was like anyone's but he also had eyes -in the back of his head.<a id='r28' /><a href='#f28' class='c010'><sup>[28]</sup></a> No one could attack him from in front, and he had -eyes to see behind himself also. His knife was sharp and the handle was -good. “Let us take the knife to convince the people. If we do not have -the knife, they will not believe us if we claim we have killed the Naiye' -which used to kill people,” one of them said.</p> - -<p class='c000'>On their return they landed on the white mountain ridge and returned to -the camp. When they had returned, Naiyenezgani directed that all the -people, including the children, should come together. He asked his mother, -because the people were assembling, to spread down a buckskin and to -place on it the arrows, his own weapon, and that of the slain Naiye'. He -asked the people to gather around it. He called the two visitors, asking -them to come to a designated spot. He told his brother to stand in a -certain position and said that he himself would stand in another place. He -said that he would address the people and told his brother to do the same. -“I am telling you this because you are seeing what you have not seen -before. You see today what our father gave us. Now you speak to them,” -he said to his brother.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Tobatc'istcini spoke as follows, “My name is Tobatc'istcini. Our father -gave us these things lying here. A being called Naiye' was using that -weapon over there to kill people. He had killed all the people except the -two who are sitting over there. We killed him.” “You, Naiyenezgani, -speak to them again,” he said to his brother.</p> - -<p class='c000'>“We started from here and we went up to the top of yonder mountain. -We went on to the top of a mountain standing beyond that. A small mountain<a id='r29' /><a href='#f29' class='c010'><sup>[29]</sup></a> -stands beyond that and we went up to its top. There we saw a man -walking in a valley. He<a id='r30' /><a href='#f30' class='c010'><sup>[30]</sup></a> went to him for us and returned. 'When he -<span class='pageno' id='Page_112'>112</span>walks he is blind, but he has eyes in the back of his head,' he reported to us. -'He kills the people who are slipping up behind him.' Now he will not kill -anyone. We shall live safely.” He took up what used to be his knife and -carried it around for the people to see. The man's blood was on it, and it -was fearful to look at. “There is no place to take hold of it. I will take -hold of it here,” he said. “Do not look at this which used to belong to -Naiye'. It is dangerous. Have a meal and then go home. Look after -our horses well.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>Their mother asked why the two who had come to them should not -accompany them where the horses were. They went with them where the -horses were. “Catch the sorrel gelding when you want to. You can tell -it by the white spot on its shoulder,” he told one of them. To the other -he said, “You may catch this black one with a white spot on its forehead. -If we are away anywhere saddle them and ride them around among the -horses and through the camp. The horses look as if they were mean, as -if they had never had a rope on them, but they will not misbehave, they are -not mean and will not shy.” They started back and when they came to the -camp again they ate.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Two days after they had killed the Naiye' they said they were going -in a certain direction and that it might be late when they returned. They -went up to the top of a small sharp-topped mountain. They looked at the -Sun and, when it came up, yellow beams streamed out from the Sun's -disk. His breath took the shape of a rainbow. The sunbeams fell to the -ground over them. “It must be there,” he said. They started and landed -on a mountain top. From there they went to another and from that one -to a projecting ridge. Beyond that was a plain on which stood a blue mountain. -They landed on that. It seems that those who were killing the -people lived at a distance from each other and the people were living in the -center of the world. The killers of the people were working towards each -other.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The two brothers stood on the mountain side by side. They were made -like their father. You could hardly see their bodies. They were killing -out the Naiye'. “Fly over the country and hunt him up. He is living -somewhere,” one of them said to the fly. It flew off and went around them -in a circle. The next time it went around in a smaller circle. He (the -monster) was coming behind them. He had eyes looking both ways, four -eyes. He held something crooked. He stopped and looked carefully -behind himself. He did not look in front. He could look straight up and -could see people down below. The fly looked him all over, at his eyes, his -ears, his nose, and his face. “You are a burr,” he said to the fly. The fly -thought he said he was going to catch him. He flew between the man's -<span class='pageno' id='Page_113'>113</span>legs and returned where the brothers were sitting. “Did you say Naiye'? -You have come to a dangerous place,” the fly said to them. “As he walks -along he looks carefully behind himself. When he stops he looks up and -he can see the people who are below.<a id='r31' /><a href='#f31' class='c010'><sup>[31]</sup></a> He carries a long, crooked object -with which he makes a sweep at people he sees in the distance and catches -them with his hook.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>The fly was sent again to find out from which point the monster could -be attacked with the best chances for success. They saw him walking -in the distance and then they saw him standing where he was accustomed -to come up the ridge. The fly reported that was a good place for the attack. -The brothers addressed each other. “What is the matter with you, Tobatc'istcini?” -Naiyenezgani asked. “You are the leader and should speak -first,” Tobatc'istcini replied. “Very well, you did not answer me. We -will attack him. I will cause large hail with thirty-two points to fall on -him. What are you going to do?” Naiyenezgani asked. “I will cause hot -rain to fall on him,” was the reply.</p> - -<p class='c000'>They went to him where he was walking. The sky made a noise and it -began to rain. The two brothers came toward him behind this rain. He -put his hand to the top of his head. It was hot rain which was falling. -They could see him, but he could not see them. “Let him walk between -you,” the fly directed. He was already exhausted with the hot rain and -the hail. Naiyenezgani stood here and Tobatc'istcini there. The monster -walked here saying, “It is a bad time. I, too, where I am, it is a bad place.” -As he walked one of the brothers raised his bow and brought it down again, -shooting. His companion cut off the monster's head. It came back -immediately as it was before. They shot and cut his head off again. He -fell three ways. They did the same thing to him the fourth time and he -spread out like water. “There shall not be those who kill,” Naiyenezgani -said. “This is the way I do to Naiye'. Just let him float here in his blood. -The people will live happily on the earth. I have done well by them. Get -ready, brother, we will go back. We will take the weapon with which he -has been killing people.” He rolled this weapon up into a coil and put it -in his blanket. “Come, we will go back,” he said.</p> - -<p class='c000'>They came back in the manner they went, landing on the successive -mountains until they reached the camp. They danced a war dance near -the camp. They danced, holding up the weapon they had taken. -“Mother, we are hungry, hurry and cook for us,” they said to her. When -they had eaten they asked their mother to assemble the people and to ask -the visitors also to come. She told the people to assemble, saying that her -<span class='pageno' id='Page_114'>114</span>sons must have seen something during the day they had been away which -they would tell them about. When the people had come together the -weapon they had brought back was lying there, not as yet untangled.</p> - -<p class='c000'>“We killed one like the other one. We both did it, but I could have -done it by myself, if I had been alone. If he had been alone he too could -have done it by himself,” Naiyenezgani said. “We both attacked him -because we could do it quickly. We killed him quickly because our father -helped us. If it had been one of you, you could have done nothing with -this one that we call Naiye'. He would have killed you right away and -eaten you up. He had killed all the people who lived with these two men, -and just now he was coming for you. Before we had known it, he would -have killed us all. There are no people living on the edges of the earth. -We are all that are left. He killed people this way. Suppose that person -should come on you, he would kill you this way.” He threw the weapon -to a distant bush. It went around the tree and it was as if it had been cut -off. “He was killing people thus. Now we will live well and no one will -bother us. A man is going around the earth in one day and he will tell -us about it.”<a id='r32' /><a href='#f32' class='c010'><sup>[32]</sup></a> Tobatc'istcini started away and his mother spoke to him. -“My son, put on this belt,” she said, offering him the one the Sun's wife -had given her. “I am going around from here but today it is late, I will -go tomorrow,” he said. They went to bed. “Take good care of things -and do not be afraid of anything,” Tobatc'istcini said.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When it was daylight their mother prepared a meal for them and they -ate. “Come back safely, my son, as the people said to you,” the mother -said. “I am going, but I do not know when I shall come back,” Tobatc'istcini -replied. He started, telling them to watch for him on a certain mountain -point. “I will be back about noon.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>He started away, traveling with a blue flute which had wings.<a id='r33' /><a href='#f33' class='c010'><sup>[33]</sup></a> He went -with this from place to place and was back home before long. He went -entirely around the border of the world on which people were living. The -belt was a blue flute. He thought with it four ways and looked into it -four ways. Before noon a light rain fell on the projecting mountain. -That cleared off and then he came laughing. “It was not far, only so large,” -he said, joining the tips of his forefinger and his thumb. “Have you your -property ready?” he asked. “Have you collected everything that is ours? -Tomorrow we will give out the horses, one apiece to each of you. We shall -not give out horses again. Bring the horses near to the camp.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>They brought the saddles, the bridles, the halters, the ropes, and the -blankets. They two went where the horses were. They caught some of -the horses and saddled them, and drove the other horses near the camp -where they herded them. They called the people to assemble and when -they came caught horses for them. He gave away ten horses in all. “I -will give you no more horses,” he said. “Tomorrow we will go different -ways.”<a id='r34' /><a href='#f34' class='c010'><sup>[34]</sup></a> He drove the horses back where they stayed. “Stake out our -horses nearby and leave the saddles on them all night,” he said. “This is -all. You may go in any direction you like.” “This way,” pointing to the -east; “this way,” south; “this way,” west; or “this way,” north. “We -are going over here where the end of the world is,” some of them said. -Others said they were going to the end of the world in this direction. In -this manner, each party chose a location.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When they had finished, they asked the brothers which way they were -going. They replied that they were going to drive their horses to the top -of yonder mountain (<i><span lang="apw" xml:lang="apw">bitsanldai</span></i>). “Take good care of your horses. Look -after them for twelve days and then they will be accustomed to you. Now -you may go. We are going also.” He drove his horses away saying, -“None of you are going with us. I thought some of you would go with us. -You are only giving us back our mother. Go on, mother, let your horse -lead.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>His mother inquired which way she should lead them. “Go on, go on, -I tell you,” he replied. She rode towards the east. Soon a little light was -to be seen under the horse. They went higher and higher until they came -to the mountain he spoke of. They rode their horses beside hers. “Wait, -mother,” he said and rode back. “Keep on down this mountain. It -is good country in this basin. We will live here,” he said. They talked -together. “You unsaddle over there, you over there, and you over there. -We will watch the horses.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>“You may have my yucca fruit which lies on the face of Turnbull -Mountain.”<a id='r35' /><a href='#f35' class='c010'><sup>[35]</sup></a></p> - -<hr class='c011' /> - -<div class='footnote' id='f1'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r1'>1</a>. </span>Told by a White Mountain Apache called Noze, at Rice, Arizona, in January. 1910. -Noze was a native of Cedar Creek and came to the San Carlos Reservation when it was -organized. He was for a long time the chief of a considerable band which in 1910 had greatly -dwindled. He died some time between 1910 and the next visit in 1914.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f2'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r2'>2</a>. </span>This mountain was said to be called <i><span lang="apw" xml:lang="apw">tsidalanasi</span></i> and to stand by the ocean at the south. -This is a remarkable statement as east would have been expected and as is so stated in fact -in a following paragraph.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f3'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r3'>3</a>. </span>This makes the boys brothers in our use of the word. They are always so called in -the Navajo account according to which their mothers were sisters. Matthews, 105.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f4'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r4'>4</a>. </span>At the center of the sky.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f5'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r5'>5</a>. </span>And therefore the boys were not seen by the Sun.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f6'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r6'>6</a>. </span>The sacred numbers are 4, 12, and 32.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f7'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r7'>7</a>. </span>This method of making the journey has not been encountered before in this connection, -but is an incident in a European story secured from the San Carlos, p. 82, above. The -usual account includes a series of obstacles some of which resemble the incidents of a European -story. See p. <a href='#Page_116'>116</a> below.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f8'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r8'>8</a>. </span>Clouds according to the Navajo account, Matthews, 111; and below, p. <a href='#Page_117'>117</a>.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f9'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r9'>9</a>. </span>Thus far the myth seems chiefly to deal with the adolescence ceremony of the boys. -The San Carlos account brings in the Sun's father and brothers of the Sun's father as performers -of this ceremony, while the Navajo account mentions the daughters of the Sun. -See p. 11 above, and Matthews, 112.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f10'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r10'>10</a>. </span>Other versions make this the second naming of the elder brother. His boyhood name -was “Whitehead,” p. 31. Still other names are known to the Navajo. Matthews, 263-264.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f11'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r11'>11</a>. </span>To know by name things or animals hitherto unknown is often mentioned as a great -feat. P. 24.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f12'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r12'>12</a>. </span>It is seldom that the Apache conception of animism is so plainly stated. Songs however -abound in the designation of objects as “living.”</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f13'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r13'>13</a>. </span>When a youth went through an adolescence ceremony he did it with a definite career -in mind. The normal myth of this type put the emphasis on the weapons secured and feats -of warlike prowess in killing the monsters; that is, the warrior idea is uppermost. This -version stresses the acquisition of horses and probably is a specialized myth for those who wish -to be successful in acquiring and breeding horses.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f14'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r14'>14</a>. </span>The house of the Sun with the stable and corral, the furniture of the house, and many -other references indicate the home of a European and such seems to be the conception.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f15'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r15'>15</a>. </span>The two wives of the Sun are often mentioned. The Navajo account has Esdzanadlehi -go to the west where the sun visits her daily. Here and there, especially in the -songs, the Moon is coupled with the Sun, and is feminine in sex. That the Moon and the -Earth should both be called the “Woman who renews herself” is interesting. These conceptions -are generally vague and implied rather than expressed.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f16'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r16'>16</a>. </span>Earth, literally “There on the earth.”</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f17'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r17'>17</a>. </span>The narrator said those mentioned at the beginning of the narrative were not real -people but just like shadows. The other versions have only the one family existing at this -time.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f18'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r18'>18</a>. </span>The reference may be to moss, especially as rain falling on it is mentioned below.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f19'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r19'>19</a>. </span>The narrator said it was true that horses would not pass a blanket so placed in a -narrow canyon.</p> - -<p class='c000'>This order of the colors and their assignment varies from the one more generally -found of black for the east and white for the south. P. 7, and Matthews, 215.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f20'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r20'>20</a>. </span>This announcing of names is probably to be explained as ceremonial. Ordinarily, it is -improper, probably because immodest to call one's own name.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f21'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r21'>21</a>. </span>The use of pollen for sacred purposes is a very important feature among the Athapascan -of the Southwest. It is always preferred to the cornmeal used by the Pueblo peoples.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f22'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r22'>22</a>. </span>In the division of labor the women are supposed to saddle and unsaddle the horses.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f23'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r23'>23</a>. </span>Because he must use a white saddle, the informant explained.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f24'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r24'>24</a>. </span>The whinneying was heard from the top of the sky.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f25'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r25'>25</a>. </span>The conception of time passing while the Sun stood still is fairly difficult for a people -without timepieces.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f26'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r26'>26</a>. </span>This method of traveling implies lightning, rainbow or a similar supernatural method, -in this case said to be sunbeams.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f27'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r27'>27</a>. </span>The name is Naiye', “a dangerous monster,” and -nezgani, “he who kills.”</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f28'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r28'>28</a>. </span>It is said above that he had no eyes in front.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f29'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r29'>29</a>. </span>“Mountain, its child.”</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f30'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r30'>30</a>. </span>He did not mention his fly by name.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f31'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r31'>31</a>. </span>Probably means he can see people who are on the opposite side of a hill.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f32'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r32'>32</a>. </span>These monsters are not those in the usual versions. The bringing of trophies and the -narratives remind one of counting coup in the Plains. The Navajo versions also mention -the bringing back of trophies.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f33'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r33'>33</a>. </span>One of the recognized methods of rapid locomotion. P. 20 above.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f34'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r34'>34</a>. </span>The dispersion of the tribes, a common incident in origin myths.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f35'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r35'>35</a>. </span>The formula for the completion of a narrative.</p> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_115'>115</span> - <h2 class='c005'><span class='sc'>Naiyenezgani.</span><a id='r36' /><a href='#f36' class='c010'><sup>[36]</sup></a></h2> -</div> - -<p class='c006'>Long ago the Sun set and, there in the west, he became the son-in-law -of Toxastinhn (Water-old-man) whose daughter he married. She, who was -to become the wife of the Sun, built a house with its door facing the sunrise. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_116'>116</span>She sat in the doorway facing the rising sun from which the red rays -streamed toward her. These rays entered her and since her period was -about to occur she became pregnant as a result.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When the child was born, its hands and feet were webbed. There was -no hair on its head and it had no nose. When the boy was grown up he -asked where his father lived. His mother replied that his father lived -where one could not go, for the Sun was his father. The boy asked again -where he lived. His mother said he lived at the sunrise, but that one could -not go there. The boy then said that he would go there and set out on the -journey.</p> - -<p class='c000'>He came where the cliffs come down of themselves. They moved in -front of him. The lightning shot across with him. Beyond that place he -came to the mountain of cactus which formed a dark barrier in front of him. -There a black whirlwind twisted through for him so that he passed by. -From there he went on where the mountain of mosquitoes stood like a black -ridge in front of him. A female rain fell for him and the wings of the mosquitoes -became damp; then he passed over. From there he went on where -the mountains moved up and down toward each other. He jumped away -from them and then toward them, but in no way could he get through. -Black-measuring-worm, whose back is striped with lightning, bent over it -with him.<a id='r37' /><a href='#f37' class='c010'><sup>[37]</sup></a></p> - -<p class='c000'>He walked on toward the house of the Sun. As he was going along, near -sundown, a spider drew its thread across below the boy's knee and tripped -him. He got up and went back, but fell again at the same place. Wondering -why he had fallen, he started on again, when he saw the head of Spider-old-woman -projecting from her hole so far (three inches) away. “Grandchild, -where are you going?” she asked. He replied that he was going to -the house of his father, the Sun. She told him to come into her house -instead. He replied that the opening was too small. When assured that -it was large enough, he went in. She told him one could not go to the Sun. -The spider girls were lying there without skirts or shirts. They lay with -the head of one toward the feet of the next. Spider-woman asked what was -the piece of cloth tied to his shirt. He gave it to her and she worked with -it all night; and the next morning each girl had a shirt and a skirt. She -made them from the young man's piece of cloth.<a id='r38' /><a href='#f38' class='c010'><sup>[38]</sup></a></p> - -<p class='c000'>When the Sun rose, Spider-old-woman went out-of-doors. “It is not -<span class='pageno' id='Page_117'>117</span>yet time, my grandson,” she said. She held up five fingers horizontally -and said it would be time when the Sun shone over them.<a id='r39' /><a href='#f39' class='c010'><sup>[39]</sup></a> When the time -came to go, they set out toward the house of the Sun. He came to the front -of the house where there were twelve doors and all of them were shut. -Without anyone opening a door for him, he came to Sun's wife. “What -sort of a person are you?” she asked. He replied he had come to see his -father. The woman warned him that no one was allowed around there. -She rolled him up in a blanket,<a id='r40' /><a href='#f40' class='c010'><sup>[40]</sup></a> which she tied with lightning, and hid him -by the head of the bed.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When the sun set, he heard the noise of the Sun's arrival. The Sun -came inside his house. “I do not see anyone,” he said, “but from the -mountain where I go down some man had gone along.” “You tell me you -do not have love affairs where you go around. This morning your son -came here.” She went to the head of the bed, undid the lightning with -which he was tied up and took the boy out. The Sun saw it was his boy. -There were twelve pipes in which tobacco was burned. The Sun fixed a -smoke for him in one of these. It was not the Sun's proper tobacco, but a -kind that killed whoever smoked it. The boy drew on the pipe just once -and the tobacco was burned out. The Sun prepared another pipeful, which -was gone when the boy had drawn on the pipe twice. He filled a third pipe; -this time the boy drew on it three times and the tobacco was consumed. -The last time the pipe was filled, the boy drew four times before the tobacco -was burned out.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Toward the east, there was a blazing fire of black <i><span lang="apw" xml:lang="apw">yabeckon</span></i> into which -the Sun threw the boy. He turned into a downy feather and landed in -front of his father who expressed his surprise. There was a fire of blue -<i><span lang="apw" xml:lang="apw">yabeckon</span></i> toward the south into which the boy was next thrown. He again -turned into a feather and landed in front of his father. The fire toward the -west was of yellow <i><span lang="apw" xml:lang="apw">yabeckon</span></i> from which the boy escaped in the same manner. -Finally, the boy was thrown into a white fire of <i><span lang="apw" xml:lang="apw">yabeckon</span></i> which blazed up -in the north. He escaped in the same manner as before. Each time when -the boy was thrown in, the fire had been poked with lightning of the corresponding -color.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When the boy had successfully withstood this last test, the Sun directed -his wife to prepare a sweatbath. She did this by spreading four blankets of -cloud: black, blue, yellow, and white. She put on the four blankets from -the four sides in proper rotation. The Sun went in with all his boys. While -they were in the bath, the skin between the boy's fingers and toes was pulled -<span class='pageno' id='Page_118'>118</span>back and joints made in his fingers. He was also provided with hair, eyebrows, -eyelashes, nose, and ears. Hair was placed on his body and nails -supplied for his fingers and toes. Counting this boy, the Sun had twelve -sons with whom he formed a line. He then asked his wife to find him -in the line, but this she was unable to do because they all looked alike, she -said.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Sun then placed a gun and a panther-skin quiver on a shelf and -asked his son to choose which he would have. After sighting the gun, he -concluded he did not like it. He put the quiver over his shoulder and took -out two arrows. When he tried these, he hit the target in the center. He -chose the panther-skin quiver saying he liked it.<a id='r41' /><a href='#f41' class='c010'><sup>[41]</sup></a> All the other sons of the -Sun had guns. The Sun had them shoot at each other in fun. Those -who had guns beat the boy who had arrows and drove him off.</p> - -<p class='c000'>On one side, horses were being made and on the other deer. The one -who was in charge of making these is named Iltca'nailt'ohn.</p> - -<p class='c000'>They put, for him, a light brown mountain, inside of which, cattle, goats, -sheep, pigs, horses, mules, and donkeys were living. All these are the food -of white people. In this mountain also were guns, blankets, and all kinds -of metals.</p> - -<p class='c000'>On the other side he put, for him, a mountain on which century plants -were growing with their yellow flower stalks standing all around the edges. -On this mountain, too, were sunflowers, yellow with blossoms, cactus, yucca, -piñon, oaks, junipers, the fruit of all of which was perpetually ripe. All the -other wild vegetable foods of the Indians grew there also. The mountain -was always yellow with flowers.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Sun asked the boy which of these two mountains he would choose. -He decided to take the one which was yellow with flowers where fruit was -always ripe. He did not care for the light brown mountain which stood -toward the east. He announced that the yellow mountain would be his -and would belong in the future to the Indians.</p> - -<p class='c000'>They then opened a door in the side of the brown mountain and drove -out cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, horses, donkeys, and mules. These became -the property of your white people's nation. The Sun's son asked that some -horses be given him. The Sun reminded him he had asked for the other -mountain, and wanted to know why he had not then asked for horses.</p> - -<p class='c000'>From the east, mirage people rounded up some horses for him. The red -dust of the round-up covered the ground. “There are no horses,” the Sun -said. The boy asked again for horses only to be told he should have asked -before when he chose between the two mountains. He asked, that notwithstanding, -he be given some horses. The Sun took up a rope and led -back a chestnut stallion from the east. He tied the horse which stood -pawing the ground and nickering. The boy rode back on it to the place -where I suppose Toxastin and his grandmother lived. He rode back in a -single day and tied his horse. The horse kept nickering and pawing the -earth all the time; he would not graze and the boy was not satisfied. He -rode back to the house of the Sun, took off the rope; and the horse ran off -toward the east kicking up his heels.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The boy told his father, the Sun, that the stallion he had given him was -not satisfactory, and that he had come to ask for a different horse. His -father went away and returned with two horses, a stallion and a mare. -“These are what you want, I suppose,” the Sun said, and gave the boy a -rope, a halter, a saddle blanket, and a saddle.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The boy led the horse back to the place where Toxastin, his grandmother, -and his mother lived. He led the horses back to a place called Cottonwood-branches-hang-down. -To the south, blue cottonwood branches -hung down; to the west, yellow cottonwood branches hung down; to the -north, white cottonwood branches hung down. The place was named the -center of the earth. The saddle was placed at the east; the saddle blanket -at the south; the halter, at the west; and the rope, at the north.</p> - -<p class='c000'>In the dry stream bed to the east, black burdocks grew; to the south, -blue burdocks grew; to the west, yellow burdocks; and to the north, white -burdocks. He turned out the two horses here to the east. Each time the -Sun's son came back there, he found the two horses playing. After four -days, he drove the horses up the valley a little way four times. When he -went the fourth day to see them he found the tracks of a colt.</p> - -<p class='c000'>That cottonwood tree stood in the center. On the east side of it a -black stallion stood; on the south side, a blue stallion; on the west side, a -yellow stallion; on the north side, a white stallion. Horses were walking -around in the valleys to the east, south, west, and north. Thus there came -to be horses here on the earth.</p> - -<hr class='c011' /> - -<div class='footnote' id='f36'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r36'>36</a>. </span>Told by the father of Frank Crockett, February, 1910. Frank's father was of the -Bissaxa clan and was about sixty years old in 1910. He was still a growing youth when he -left the White River country.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f37'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r37'>37</a>. </span>These in part are the obstacles mentioned in the Navajo account. They are overcome -in a different manner. Matthews, 109-110.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f38'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r38'>38</a>. </span>Spider-woman is of considerable importance in the mythology of the Hopi. Voth, -2, 11. The Navajo account (Matthews, 109) omits the clothing-making episode. Spider-woman -is the originator of spinning, Franciscan Fathers, 222. She is sometimes said to be -the mother of the Sun and therefore Naiyenezgani's paternal grandmother.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f39'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r39'>39</a>. </span>An Apache method of indicating time when the Sun is near the horizon.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f40'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r40'>40</a>. </span>The blanket was probably a cloud. The word <i><span lang="apw" xml:lang="apw">caziz</span></i> ought to mean “sun-sack.”</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f41'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r41'>41</a>. </span>Had Naiyenezgani taken the gun Indians would have been armed as white men are.</p> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_119'>119</span> - <h2 class='c005'><span class='sc'>The Placing of the Earth.</span><a id='r42' /><a href='#f42' class='c010'><sup>[42]</sup></a></h2> -</div> - -<p class='c006'>They did not put this large one (the earth) that lies here in place before -my eyes.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The wind blew from four directions. When there was no way to make -the earth lie still, Gopher, who lives under the earth, put his black ropes -<span class='pageno' id='Page_120'>120</span>under the earth. Here his black rope lies under it; here his blue rope; here -his yellow rope; and here his white rope.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Over here (east) they made a black whirlwind stand with black metal -inside of it. Here (south) a blue whirlwind and blue metal were placed; -here (west) a yellow whirlwind and yellow metal; and here (north) a white -whirlwind and white metal. With these standing on all sides, the earth -came to its proper place and was stable.</p> - -<p class='c000'>“Now that this is as it should be, what shall we do next?” said one of -them. “To what purpose have we had such a hard time making this earth -lie properly which otherwise would have been unstable?” Then he began -to pat it with his hand. “Let a black cloud move about sprinkling,” he -said.</p> - -<p class='c000'>“There will be life from this; the world will be alive from the dampness,” -he said. “They did well by us, what shall we do? Now thank you,” -they said.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The people had nothing. The one who was in charge (the Sun); that -one only was walking around. “It will turn out well with him walking -about,” they said. They looked well at the one they meant. “That one -is the Sun,” they said. “We did it in the presence of that one walking -about.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>Then Ests'unnadli said she would do something unseemly. Thinking -she would do it where the Sun first shone in the morning, she seated herself -there. She was doing this only that people might live. There were no -people and she thought there should be many and she did it for that reason.</p> - -<p class='c000'>She became pregnant. She and the one walking around were the only -ones who understood about generation. She gave birth to a child there -where she sat. She went back to the child early each morning for four -mornings and on the fourth, the child walked back with her. He was -entirely dressed as he walked back with her.</p> - -<p class='c000'>“It is not good that there should be only this one,” she said. “It will -be well for me to do an improper thing again.” She sat repeatedly where -the water was dripping and became pregnant again. She gave birth a -second time to a child. “I will do as I did before,” she said. She went to -her child early each morning for four mornings. The fourth morning after -he was born, the child returned with her. He was dressed in buckskin, -shoes and all.</p> - -<p class='c000'>She had given birth to two children. The latter one she named Tobate'isteini -and the first one Bilnajnollije.<a id='r43' /><a href='#f43' class='c010'><sup>[43]</sup></a> They were the children of this one -(the Sun).</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_121'>121</span>A black water vessel by the door of the sun's house was flecked with -sunshine. He caused dark lightning to dart under it from four directions. -He caused it to thunder out of it in four directions. He caused it to thunder -in four directions. He caused male rain to fall in four directions. He -caused fruits to stand on the earth in lines pointing in four directions. -“Thanks,” they said, “he has treated us well.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>A yellow water vessel by Ests'unnadlehi's door was flecked with light. -She caused yellow lightning to pass under it from four directions. She -caused it to thunder from it toward four directions. She caused female -rain to fall four times in four directions. She caused fruits to stand in -lines converging from four directions. “Thanks, she has treated us well,” -they said. “Because of her, things are well with us.” “She caused the -wind to agitate the grass from four directions for us,” they said. “With -no trouble for us it comes to its place. The earth will remain well for us,” -they said. “It is still the same way for us that it was long ago. We are -thankful yet.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>“Mother, where does our father live?” the boys asked. “Do not ask, -for he lives in a dangerous place,” Ests'unnadlehi replied. “Do not say -he lives in a dangerous place but show us where it is, for we are going there,” -they replied. “If you go you must travel only by night. During the day -one must sit still,” she told them. She said this, for she meant for them to -make the journey without being seen by the Sun.</p> - -<p class='c000'>They wondered why she told them to go only at night and resolved to -travel by day. They came near where the ground was black with mosquitoes -that had teeth of <i><span lang="apw" xml:lang="apw">becdiłxił</span></i>, and there was no way to pass through them. -They caused a rain, yellow with sunshine, to fall on them and wet their -wings so that they stuck to the trees. By this means, they passed beyond -them. “This is why she said it is dangerous,” they said to each other. -They came where the earth was crossed with a stripe of cactus which had -spines of <i><span lang="apw" xml:lang="apw">becdiłxił</span></i>. A black whirlwind with a core of <i><span lang="apw" xml:lang="apw">becdiłxił</span></i> passed, -twisting through the cactus; the boys got by it. “This was surely the -bad place of which our mother told us,” they said. As they were going -on toward their father's house, they came to sand which, if one stepped on -it, rolled back with him. There was no way to get through it. A big -black measuring worm having his back striped with a rainbow, bent himself -over the sand for them and they crossed over. They were now approaching -their destination when they found the house surrounded by thirty-two -lakes which could not be avoided.</p> - -<p class='c000'>A turquoise bird sat in the ear of one of them and directed them on -their way. The Sun's wife saw the two men pass through, avoiding the four -bodies of water that surrounded the house. She concealed them under -<span class='pageno' id='Page_122'>122</span>the bed which stood in the house. When the Sun returned, he saw the -tracks of two men and asked where they had gone. The Sun's wife replied -that they were not there. “You are always saying you have made no -visits and yet your two sons come here,” she said. The Sun directed that -they should come to him. They sat facing him. He had tobacco hanging -in sacks in four places. It was black tobacco which grew on stalks of -<i><span lang="apw" xml:lang="apw">becdiłxił</span></i>. He had a turquoise pipe with thirty-two<a id='r44' /><a href='#f44' class='c010'><sup>[44]</sup></a> holes for the tobacco -to burn in. With this tobacco, he killed those who were not really his -children. They heard him draw on the pipe once and then he tapped it -on something and the ashes rolled out. “Fix me a smoke, that is why -I came,” one of the boys said.</p> - -<p class='c000'>They two went to the sack which was hanging on this side. It was filled -with large blue tobacco which grew on stalks of <em>becdoł'ije</em>. He filled a pipe -with thirty-two bowls and lighted it again. Having drawn on the pipe, he -passed it to them. He heard them draw on the pipe once and then the -ashes fell out.</p> - -<p class='c000'>“Prepare a smoke for me, for I came for that purpose,” one of the boys -said again. When the other kinds, yellow, and white had been tried from -the remaining world-quarters, one of the boys produced some tobacco and a -pipe made of clay with a hole through it. “This is my pipe and my -tobacco,” the boy announced. “Why did you not tell me before that you -had tobacco?” the Sun said. He had chairs placed and took a seat between -the two boys. The three looked just alike. “Come, Djingona'ai,<a id='r45' /><a href='#f45' class='c010'><sup>[45]</sup></a> -move yourself,” the Sun's wife said, so that she might distinguish him from -the others. “They are surely my children,” the Sun declared. “What -do you desire?” he asked them. The boys said they had come to hear -him ask that. The Sun urged them to ask for what they wished without -delay as he had many things.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Sun had domesticated animals in four corrals on four sides of his -house. He had four kinds which were bad. They were bear, coyote, panther, -and wolf, of which one is afraid. He led a bear from the eastern corral, -remarking that this was probably the sort they meant, that it was his pet. -The boys refused it, saying they had come for his horse. In turn he led -animals from corrals at the south and west which were refused each time -on the advice of the monitor that sat in the ear of one of the boys. The -Sun pretended he had no other horse, that he was poor. The monitor -urged them to persist in their request, saying that the Sun could not refuse. -He finally led to them one of the horses which was walking around unconfined. -He was just skin and bones. The rope also was poor. “Did you -ask for this one?” the Sun said. “That is the one,” they replied. The -Sun told them the horse could not travel far, but the boys said that was the -animal they wanted.</p> - -<p class='c000'>He gave them the horse with the admonition that they must not let -Ests'unnadlehi see it or she would send them away with it, it looked so -bad. The boys assured him it would be all right. He replied that she -would be surprised at least. He requested them to tell Ests'unnadlehi -that he, the Sun, always told the truth. He charged the two boys that -they should not lie to each other. “This is a good day for you both,” he -told them. “Thank you, Ests'unnadlehi, my mother, thanks.” “Thank -you, Djingona'ai, my father. It is true that it is fortunate for us. It -was for that reason you raised us,” they said.<a id='r46' /><a href='#f46' class='c010'><sup>[46]</sup></a></p> - -<hr class='c011' /> - -<div class='footnote' id='f42'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r42'>42</a>. </span>Told in 1910 by a very dignified man, C. G. 2, of about sixty years. He is a leader of -the Naiyenezgani songs used for adolescent girls.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f43'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r43'>43</a>. </span>The lightning strikes with him, evidently a poetic name.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f44'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r44'>44</a>. </span>It was explained that four was the real number, thirty-two being presumably a ceremonial -or poetic exaggeration.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f45'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r45'>45</a>. </span>“Goes by day,” the Sun.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f46'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r46'>46</a>. </span>This fragment of the culture-hero story having been told, the narrator refused to -proceed, perhaps because he knew it had already been several times recorded.</p> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_123'>123</span> - <h2 class='c005'><span class='sc'>The Adolescence Ceremony</span>.<a id='r47' /><a href='#f47' class='c010'><sup>[47]</sup></a></h2> -</div> - -<p class='c006'>The Sun was the one who arranged the ceremony for unclean women. -She (Ests'unnadlehi) sat thus on her knees and the red light from the sun -shone into her. She was living alone.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When she becomes a woman they straighten her. The people stand -in a line and sing while the drum is beaten. They dance four nights. -They paint her with white clay that she may live a long time, and that her -hair may get white on one side of her head. They put up a cane with a -curved top for her around which she is to run. At one side a basket stands -in which there is tobacco and on the other side a basket containing corn.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When she has run around the cane in its first position, it is put up again -farther away, where she runs around it again and returns to the line of -singers. Again, the cane and basket of corn are moved out and the girl -runs around them. When she returns to the singers she dances, having a -downy feather tied at the crown of her head. The cane is put up again and -the basket of corn moved once more. The girl runs around them returning -to the singers. This cane is said to be the sun's cane and the chief's cane.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The corn is poured from the basket over the crown of the girl's head. -The people all try to get a handful of the corn. After that, she throws -the blankets in every direction and the people pick them up, saying, “May -her blankets be many.” They plant the corn and all say they raise large -crops in consequence.</p> - -<p class='c000'>They prepare Gans and dance four nights. They do not allow anyone -to sleep during the dancing.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The girl, Ests'unnadlehi, has a skirt and a shirt of dressed skin. The -shirt is spoken of as fringed shirt and the skirt, a fringed skirt.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When the Gans dance, the girl dances behind them. She does not -sleep during the four nights.</p> - -<p class='c000'>On the morning after the fourth night all the people gather around to -insure good luck in the future. The sun's songs, the chief's songs, are -sung and with them they dance. After the four nights they paint the -girl white with gypsum mixed with water which is in a shallow basket. -The girl stands here and a woman whose husband is rich in horses and -other property stirs the gypsum and water with a hairbrush. She applies -this white mixture to the girl's head, and brushes her downward until -she is whitened all over. The girl then sprinkles the men, women, and -children who stand around in a large circle. This is done that they may -be fortunate in the future. If some of the white mixture falls on the hair, -that person will have gray hair at that spot.</p> - -<hr class='c011' /> - -<div class='footnote' id='f47'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r47'>47</a>. </span>Told by Frank Crockett's father in part, and extended by Frank who was interpreting.</p> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_124'>124</span> - <h2 class='c005'><span class='sc'>The Migration of the Gans</span>.<a id='r48' /><a href='#f48' class='c010'><sup>[48]</sup></a></h2> -</div> - -<p class='c006'>They say they moved about from place to place under the cliffs. “We -will move to a place where we will not die,” they said. They went to a -place halfway between the earth and sky, and lighted on a mirage. They -were dying there too. They came back to this world. Wind and rain -ceased.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Mocking bird said he wanted to be chief. Gopher said he wanted to be -chief. When someone remarked that the chief's eyes were small, Gopher -was angry and went under the ground, taking with him the wind and rain.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Humming bird started over the earth, hunting in vain for the wind and -rain. He came where Gopher had gone underground and went in there -and came where the Gans were living. They had much corn and ripe crops. -It rained there all the time. Humming bird came back and reported that -he had been where there were many ripe crops and where rain fell all the -time. He also said those who live there do not die. The Gans started -to move down there and on their way came to a place called “Two-mountains-go-around-each-other-in-opposite-directions.” -Rocks, white -and all colors, lie there, one above the other. The Indians went there -and came where the Gans were living.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_125'>125</span>A small mountain stood at the east and on it Black Gan stood every -dawn and talked as a chief. When he had spoken as chief four mornings, -they asked why Black Gan was talking that way. All the Gans came together -and he talked to them. “May one of your children remain here?” -he asked. All the Gans said, “No. Our children are all going with us.” -Then Black Gan decided that one of his should stay. He left the youngest -little girl, putting a turquoise water jar by her pillow. He covered -this with earth. They started away where people do not die. His little -girl returned to the place where her water jar had been put. While she -was gone for it the others moved away and left her.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Some Indians found the baby, who was running about crying, and took -her to raise. When she was grown, she married, and gave birth to a boy. -Then Black Gan had a son-in-law and many people came to see him because -he was Black Gan's son-in-law. They crowded into the house and kept -saying, “Move over a little, Donaildihi.” He, Eats-a-long-time-without-being-satisfied, -moved over; and they kept coming in until the house was -stretched over to one side.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Black Gan's son-in-law lay down with one leg over the other, and called -for the baby. When its grandmother brought it, he tossed it up and down -on his chest and sang to it. When he was done playing with it, he called -to them to take it again.</p> - -<p class='c000'>After a time another boy was born. When they were both grown they -were hunting birds and came where the Gans were living. When they -returned, food was offered them in vain. They had eaten where the Gans -lived while away, and would not eat on their return.</p> - -<p class='c000'>A man fell sick. His eyes and mouth were crooked, as were also his -arms and legs. The people were asking what they should do about it. -The man told the mother of the boys to prepare a deerskin which had no -holes in it with a piece of turquoise fastened at the forehead. To the -turquoise he asked that downy feathers be tied. She directed that <i><span lang="apw" xml:lang="apw">bacinϵ</span></i> -with downy feathers be tied between the eyes. In addition <i><span lang="apw" xml:lang="apw">tsϵltcϵϵ</span></i> and -<i><span lang="apw" xml:lang="apw">yołgai</span></i> each with downy feathers were to be tied to the skin. She asked -that the skin prepared thus be placed on the top of the feet of the -children (Gan's grandchildren).</p> - -<p class='c000'>When they put it on the foot of one of these boys, he kicked it to the other -boy, who kicked it back. When this had been done four times one of them -directed that wood be brought in, and they consented to give a dance for -the sick man. They directed that all the people should come together and -that the sick man should be brought to the dancing place. Preparations -were also made there for the fire. “All of you come here where we are -going to sing,” they announced.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When they had come together they began to sing, the two grandsons of -Black Gan acting as leaders. When they started to dance one of them -stood up and made a speech. He told them they must not go away during -the dance or something bad would happen to them.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When they had sung four songs, the sound of a bull roarer was heard -underground to the east, south, west, and north. The Gans ran there and -formed in line around him (the sick man). The Gans came to the dance -ground, and Black Gan shook himself by the side of the sick man. He took -the sick man up and threw him over there. Then Brown Gan shook -his body by the sick man and swayed from side to side. Then the -Gan who has one side of his face covered, shook himself by the sick man -and threw him over there. Next Red Gan swayed himself and took up -the sick man and threw him over there.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Black Gan then went to the sick man and made his eyes good -again. Brown Gan went to him and fixed his arms. The Gan whose -face is half covered fixed his back. On this side (north) Red Gan restored -his legs. The man was well again, and danced among the others. They -danced four nights and the morning after, the Gans and men stood with -their little fingers interlocked; first a man and then a Gan; a man and -then a Gan; a man and then a Gan. Thus they formed a circle, standing -in a line alternating, with their little fingers interlocked. They danced -until it grew light and then the dance began to move away toward the -sunrise. Old men and old women were lying down nearby. The dancing -people kept moving away toward the east. The old women and old men -ran after them. They were dancing on the ground and then began to move -up higher and higher in the air. The Indians ran after them but the Indians -who were dancing went up with the dance. They could hear the -sound of the dancing up there and the songs. They moved away to the -Sun. He sent them where they do not die. They are still living there, -I suppose. They are the people who do not die.</p> - -<hr class='c011' /> - -<div class='footnote' id='f48'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r48'>48</a>. </span>Told by the father of Frank Crockett, February, 1910.</p> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_126'>126</span> - <h2 class='c005'><span class='sc'>Releasing the Deer</span>.<a id='r49' /><a href='#f49' class='c010'><sup>[49]</sup></a></h2> -</div> - -<p class='c006'>Ganisk'ide<a id='r50' /><a href='#f50' class='c010'><sup>[50]</sup></a> was the only one who owned deer. He was the only one who -brought them home and who ate their flesh. He gave none of the meat to -the people who lived near him.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Ravens, who were then people, proposed that they make a puppy and -desert it. They did this; they moved away and left a puppy lying there. -When the children of Ganisk'ide went where the people had moved away, -they found the puppy. They took it up and carried it home.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Ganisk'ide told the children to throw the puppy away, but when they -objected, he told them to try the dog's eyes by holding fire in front of them. -When they brought the fire near the dog's eyes it cried, “gai gai gai.” “It -is a real dog,” Ganisk'ide said. “You may take him behind the stone door -where the deer are enclosed and let him eat the entrails.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>When the children had taken the dog behind this door he became a -man again. He moved the stone to one side and the deer that were inside -ran out. Ganisk'ide called to his wife from the doorway to touch the -nostrils of the deer with her odorous secretions. She touched each of the -deer on the nose as they ran by her and they received the sense of smell. -They ran away from her.</p> - -<p class='c000'>“You said it was a dog,” he said to his children with whom he was -angry, “but he turned them out for us.” The deer scattered all over the -earth.</p> - -<hr class='c011' /> - -<div class='footnote' id='f49'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r49'>49</a>. </span>Told by the father of Frank Crockett.</p> - -<p class='c000'>This is a very widely distributed tale. The owner of the animals is usually Raven or -Crow. See this series, vol. 8, 212-4; Russell, 259; Wissler and Duvall, 50-53; Kroeber, -65; this series, vol. 10, 250-251.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f50'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r50'>50</a>. </span>Ganisk'ide is a deity known to the Navajo, Matthews, 37, 244.</p> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_127'>127</span> - <h2 class='c005'><span class='sc'>Deer Woman</span>.<a id='r51' /><a href='#f51' class='c010'><sup>[51]</sup></a></h2> -</div> - -<p class='c006'>After he married, they went on a hunting trip. When they had established -camp where they were to get the deer meat, the man went out to -hunt, but the woman stayed at the camp. As the husband left, he said, -if anyone came from the north, that would be himself, but if someone came -from the east it would be someone else.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Then Ganłjine came there carrying a deer mask in his hand which he -put on the brush of which the camp was made, and sat down by the fire. -The deer mask was eating as if it were alive and it made a noise like a deer. -Ganłjine told the woman to put on the thing which was lying there. She -replied that a deer mask was something to be afraid of. “Put it on and -let me look at it,” he insisted. “Will it be all right?” she asked him. He -told her to put it on anyway, and stand at one side so he could look at it. -She put it on and stood at the place designated in the posture of a deer.</p> - -<p class='c000'>He threw a turquoise ring on her, and she became like a deer as far as her -neck. Then he threw a ring of <i><span lang="apw" xml:lang="apw">bacinϵ</span></i> on her and an additional portion of -her body changed to a deer. Next he threw a ring of <i><span lang="apw" xml:lang="apw">tcϵłtcϵϵ</span></i>, and last, one -of <i><span lang="apw" xml:lang="apw">yołgai</span></i>. She was then completely like a deer and walked away, wiggling -her tail.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Toward the east there are mountains called Iłijgo. There are four -mountains standing in a line, one back of the other. She who used to be a -woman and Ganłjine went there together. They were mating as they -went along, as could be told from the tracks. Deer tracks were in one -place and nearby, other deer tracks, but on one side a man's tracks. They -went toward the east.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When the husband came back he saw by the tracks that a man had -visited the camp and had gone away with his wife. He went back to the -settlement and told them that the woman with whom he had gone to hunt -had gone off, leaving human tracks on one side and on the other side like a -deer.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The people went in a company to the place where the man had camped -and commenced following the tracks that were human on one side and deer-like -on the other. While being trailed they ran from those who were following -them, who ran after them, chasing them around until the one who -had been a woman was worn out. They overtook her and threw on her a -ring of turquoise, followed by one of <i><span lang="apw" xml:lang="apw">bacinϵ</span></i> and then one of <i><span lang="apw" xml:lang="apw">tcϵłtcϵϵ</span></i>, and -finally one of <i><span lang="apw" xml:lang="apw">yołgai</span></i>. As these rings fell on her she became progressively -human in shape. When she had become a human being again, they took -her back to the settlement. When it was time for deer to run again, she -became a deer once more, and then became a person again.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When thunder was heard, they made a camp and went to hunt little -fawns which they were bringing into the camp. This woman who had -turned into a deer had little fawns which she had borne for a deer. She -went around among the houses where the fawns were being brought in and -found her own lying there dead. An Indian had killed them both and had -brought them in. When she learned a man had brought in pretty fawns, -with yellow around their eyes, she ran there and commenced to cry.</p> - -<p class='c000'>She spoke, saying that the deer they should see along the trail where -she went with her children would be herself and that they should pray to -her.</p> - -<hr class='c011' /> - -<div class='footnote' id='f51'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r51'>51</a>. </span>Told by Frank Crockett's father following the preceding story so closely as to make -its separation a matter of doubt. A fuller version was obtained from a San Carlos, p. 49, -above.</p> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_128'>128</span> - <h2 class='c005'><span class='sc'>The Gambler who secured the Water-Ceremony</span>.<a id='r52' /><a href='#f52' class='c010'><sup>[52]</sup></a></h2> -</div> - -<p class='c006'>A boy started playing <i><span lang="apw" xml:lang="apw">najonc</span></i> and lost his arrows, his moccasins, his -breechcloth, his shirt, his headband, his hair, his eyebrows, and his eyelashes. -When he returned home so divested, his mother told him to go -away somewhere that she might not see him again.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_129'>129</span>He started away, utterly naked as he was, and traveled until he came to -the edge of the ocean. He jumped into the water but was thrown back.<a id='r53' /><a href='#f53' class='c010'><sup>[53]</sup></a> -He did this three times with the same result and then jumped in under the -water. When he looked back through the water it was white. He began -to eat all kinds of “worms” as he went along. He ate, also, some of the -green growth floating on the water. They came with him to the house -made of water. The fly that sat inside his ear gave him information -and advice. All the water people and the fog people went with him; -Water-old-man was among them and Water-youth with a downy feather -on the crown of his head. He was sent down that way with a message.<a id='r54' /><a href='#f54' class='c010'><sup>[54]</sup></a> -They sent him where the black blanket of water is spread down.</p> - -<p class='c000'>“Over there he is running along,” someone said. “Now to you they -are starting, Water-youths, to you they are starting. Yonder we are -coming, Water-youths are coming,” he said. “They are coming right -up the stream.</p> - -<p class='c000'>“Fog-youths are coming, right in front of the fog they are coming.</p> - -<p class='c000'>“Where the water stands straight up, next to him, the water people -are coming to us. With water-downy-feathers as their feathers they are -coming to us; holding the lightning in their hands they are coming to us.</p> - -<p class='c000'>“Where the fog stands straight up, standing next to me, they come to -us,” he said. “Fog-youths come to us,” he said. “At the end of the water, -they come to us. Having downy feathers of fog they come to us; holding -the lightning in their hands they come to us.”<a id='r55' /><a href='#f55' class='c010'><sup>[55]</sup></a></p> - -<p class='c000'>The one who became water came by the house made of fog and water. -“Where is the place called 'House-of-water'?” he asked. “This place is -called 'House-of-water'” the water people replied. His monitor, fly, -told him they were not telling him the truth. He came to the house made -of water. “Where is the place called 'House-of-water'?” he asked. It -was Water Chief to whom he came. “It is called 'Water-house' right -here,” he replied. His fly told him that was correct; that 'Water-house' -was there.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Two vessels filled with water which was boiling, were by the fire. -“Drink all there is in one of the vessels,” he was told by Water Chief. He -drank the contents of one vessel and then vomited. He was saying, “wa, -wa,” as he vomited. He threw up all of the underwater “worms.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>They bathed him with the contents of the other vessel. They commenced -to dance and danced for twelve nights without sleeping. When -<span class='pageno' id='Page_130'>130</span>they had danced twelve nights without his falling asleep they told him he -might go home.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Then Naiyenezgani danced there among them. His hat was white on -top. He held his hand outspread over him as he stood by him. Water-old-man, -too, danced among them. Water-house was on this side.</p> - -<p class='c000'>“Water-youths all came here where they were dancing. With their -downy feathers of water they came there. They came to the dance ground -holding lightning in their hands.</p> - -<p class='c000'>“From 'House-made-of-fog,' Fog-girls came where they danced having -their downy feathers of fog. They held lightning in their hands.</p> - -<p class='c000'>“Water-youths were behind them, pretty, they were behind them; -having their downy feathers of water, they were behind them. Holding -lightning in their hands, they were all behind them.</p> - -<p class='c000'>“The Fog-girls came from the house made of fog. Having downy -feathers of fog, they danced with fog. All holding lightning in their hands, -the dance being made of fog they started to dance with him.</p> - -<p class='c000'>“They danced with the boy who became water.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>Naiyenezgani danced among them. When they were looking somewhere -else Naiyenezgani became a baby again, and was tied in a basket -cradle. The attention of the people was attracted elsewhere and when -they saw Naiyenezgani again he was standing among the Water-maidens to -whom he did various things.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Tobatc'istcini, too, was tied as a baby, then the two men did various -things to them. The twelve nights had passed without anyone sleeping. -He stood between the Water-maidens. The men from a distance made a -circle and danced. The Water-people danced with him. The Fog-people -danced with him.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The Sun was present there. From so great a height<a id='r56' /><a href='#f56' class='c010'><sup>[56]</sup></a> he looked down -on them. They danced in his presence. They danced, too, in the presence -of the Moon. When twelve nights had passed and it was the twelfth -morning he went to sleep. Far off, a Water-maiden stood. He, who became -water, stood here and there stood a Fog-maiden. When twelve nights had -passed he fell asleep. He loved this one. They shouted to him saying, -“You are falling asleep.” The one standing behind him stepped by his -foot and he fell against him.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-b c012'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in4'>Bił'olisn was there where they were dancing.</div> - <div class='line in4'>“He took her away, where the land is beautiful with corn.</div> - <div class='line in4'>“Fog-maiden; where the land is beautiful with pumpkins.</div> - <div class='line in4'>“Bił'olisn; where the land is beautiful with large corn, they two went.</div> - <div class='line in4'><span class='pageno' id='Page_131'>131</span>“Fog-maiden; where the land is beautiful with large pumpkins, they two went.</div> - <div class='line in4'>“Bił'olisn; where the land is beautiful with large corn, they two sat down.</div> - <div class='line in4'>“Fog-maiden; where the land is beautiful with large pumpkins, they two sat down.</div> - <div class='line in4'>“Bił'olisn; where the land is beautiful with large corn, they two lay down.</div> - <div class='line in4'>“Fog-maiden; where the land is beautiful with pumpkins, they two lay down.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>“At the east where the black water lies, stands the large corn, with staying -roots, its large stalk, its red silk, its long leaves, its tassel dark and -spreading, on which there is dew.</p> - -<p class='c000'>“At the sunset, where the yellow water lies, stands the large pumpkin -with its tendrils, its long stem, its wide leaves, its yellow top on which there -is pollen.”<a id='r57' /><a href='#f57' class='c010'><sup>[57]</sup></a></p> - -<p class='c000'>This all happened where the man turned to water. He came back here -where people were living. His mother had her hair cut off and was weeping -for him. He came back at the end of a year. His younger brother was -walking outdoors and saw him. When he saw him coming back he said, -“Mother, over there my brother is returning.” “Evil one,<a id='r58' /><a href='#f58' class='c010'><sup>[58]</sup></a> why do you -say that?” she replied. “I am telling the truth, my brother is coming. -Come here and look,” the boy said. She came out and found it was true. -She called him her son, and told him she had been having a hard time and -had cried on his account.</p> - -<p class='c000'>He went and hunted deer in company with his brother. He asked his -brother to hunt in a certain direction and circle around to him again. -There were thunder showers. The young man was sitting by himself. -In one direction it was raining, it was black with the falling rain.</p> - -<p class='c000'>“I wish I might drink water again on top where black rain stands up. -I wish I might drink water again on top where the water stands up.” His -brother returned and surprised him while he was still singing.</p> - -<p class='c000'>They went back again to the house and the boy told them that his -brother had been singing. He was told there were no songs and that he -was not speaking the truth. He reaffirmed his statement. He asked that -a sweathouse be built. When it was ready the boys went in and were -singing inside. The young man who had been turned into water started -to sing the water songs. Inside he wove lightning together again. There -had been no water songs and now they existed. Thus, there came to be -medicinemen for water.</p> - -<hr class='c011' /> - -<div class='footnote' id='f52'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r52'>52</a>. </span>Told by Frank Crockett's father who practised the ceremony. It is for the recovery -of those who have been made ill by the floods due to thunderstorms.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f53'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r53'>53</a>. </span>A gambler made desperate by his losses is the hero of a Navajo (Matthews, 160) and a -Jicarilla story (This series, vol. 8, 214).</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f54'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r54'>54</a>. </span>A messenger wears a downy feather tied at the crown of his head and is protected by -it on his journey. It serves as a safe conduct.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f55'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r55'>55</a>. </span>These four paragraphs appear to contain the words of songs.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f56'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r56'>56</a>. </span>As high as a man's head.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f57'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r57'>57</a>. </span>Clearly a song.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f58'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r58'>58</a>. </span>Because one supposedly dead was being mentioned to a near relative.</p> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_132'>132</span> - <h2 class='c005'><span class='sc'>The Man who visited the Sky with the Eagles</span>.<a id='r59' /><a href='#f59' class='c010'><sup>[59]</sup></a></h2> -</div> - -<p class='c006'>Long ago, there was a man who had a wife and two children, both boys. -He went with Coyote on a hunting trip and camped near where they expected -to secure game. He went out to hunt in the morning; and Coyote -also went by himself and, as he was walking along, he came where there -was an eagle's nest on a point of rock jutting out in the middle of a high -cliff. There were young eagles in the nest.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Coyote returned to the camp and reported to the hunter that he had -seen young eagles in a nest. Saying he wished some good feathers for feathering -arrows, he asked the other man to lower him from the top of the cliff -to the nest. When they had come to the place, Coyote asked the other -man to allow himself to be lowered and to throw the feathers down for him. -Coyote lowered him, asking if he had come to the young eagles. The reply -was, “Not yet.” A little later, the same question was repeated and the -answer this time was, “Yes.” Coyote then let the rope fall on the man -saying, “Cousin, she who was your wife will be mine.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>The man then sat with the young eagles. He asked what sort of weather -prevailed when their father returned. They replied that a “male” rain -fell.<a id='r60' /><a href='#f60' class='c010'><sup>[60]</sup></a> Soon a “male” rain fell and the father of the young eagles flew back -in the rain. When he came where the man was sitting with the young -eagles, he asked who was there. The man replied that Coyote had lowered -him and that he was hovering his children for him. The male bird -told him he might remain there and flew off.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The man then asked the young birds in what sort of weather their mother -came back. They said she returned when a “female” rain was falling. -Soon a “female” rain fell and the eagle's wife returned. She asked the -man who he was; he told her that Coyote had lowered him down there -and that he was staying with her children. Now she told him he might -remain there and departed.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The male bird came back accompanied by a “male” rain. He brought -with him a water vessel made of turquoise and bade the man drink. He -drank and the water was not exhausted although the vessel of turquoise -was very small.<a id='r61' /><a href='#f61' class='c010'><sup>[61]</sup></a></p> - -<p class='c000'>Accompanied by a “female” rain the female bird returned and perched -<span class='pageno' id='Page_133'>133</span>nearby. She put down a horn vessel of boiled corn and invited the man to -eat it. It was a small vessel, but it was not empty when he had finished -his meal.</p> - -<p class='c000'>She flew away again and after four days the eagle people all assembled. -They gave him an eagle shirt and instructed him to do as they did. He -put on the shirt and flew a little way with it. He put on one shirt after -another and flew farther and farther each time, four times. He was a -man but he became an eagle.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-b c012'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in4'>“Where am I going?” he asked.</div> - <div class='line in4'>“Where the black mirage is located at the center of the sky, I go up.</div> - <div class='line'>In the shadow of his dark wings, I come.</div> - <div class='line in4'>“Where the blue mirage is located at the center of the sky, I go up.</div> - <div class='line'>In the shadow of his blue wings, I come.</div> - <div class='line in4'>“Where the yellow mirage is located at the center of the sky, I go up.</div> - <div class='line'>In the shadow of the yellow wings, I come.</div> - <div class='line in4'>“Where the white mirage is located at the center of the sky, I go up.</div> - <div class='line'>In the shadow of the white wings, I come,” he sang.</div> - <div class='line in4'>“Between the two who sit on the white sky, I go up. Where the white weeds tower up, white on the sky at its center, I go up,” he sang.</div> - <div class='line in4'>“Where the dark houses of the eagles project, I come,” he sang.</div> - <div class='line in4'>“Where the blue houses of eagles project, I go up.</div> - <div class='line in4'>“Where the red houses of the eagles project, I go up.</div> - <div class='line in4'>“Where the white houses of the eagles project, I go up,” he sang.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>He lay down where there were no habitations. They asked him in -vain to come inside the building, for soon the person with a skull that kills -would come.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Saying he would remain there, he refused, and lay down. In the night, -he heard the one with a skull that kills coming. He took up a stone and -hit him with it as he walked by and killed him. He also killed the bees -that had caused the eagles to die out by stinging them. He took the bees -from their nests and killed them all. He killed, too, the wasps that lived -in rocks, and all the yellow jackets. The tumble weeds, also, were killing -the eagles by rolling on them. He beat these weeds with a stick and -destroyed them.</p> - -<p class='c000'>He inquired of an old eagle woman where others were living. She told -him of wood-rats which have many houses and bring back much material -when they go abroad. He went where cactus was standing and when -night came, lay down to sleep. He heard the sound of people shouting -toward the east. They were saying, “Down here.” They were chasing -an insect called <i><span lang="apw" xml:lang="apw">agetdlic</span></i>. He killed it.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_134'>134</span>The stars were people and were coming to get arrows. Those who were -running after <i><span lang="apw" xml:lang="apw">agetdlic</span></i> jumped over his body one by one as they reached it. -The last one who was running succeeded in jumping over the body but fell -back on it.</p> - -<p class='c000'>They removed the skin, cut up meat, tied it up, and put it on the man's -back for him to carry. They warned him against looking back. He -started away with it and carried it until he came to the top of a hill. -Wondering why he had been told not to look back, he did so and fell over -backward. He went to the camp of the eagles and told them his load was -on the hill. They went to get the load and brought it to the camp. There -was a big pile of the meat which they brought back. “This was what he -meant,” they said. It was sunset by the time they brought the meat back.</p> - -<p class='c000'>“The man is a good helper,” they said. “He has killed for us all those -who used to kill us.” The man then said he was going home, and the eagle -people told him he might do so. They told him, though, that if he was -afraid four times to fly down, that he could not go down. He was afraid -the fourth time and came back saying that he would start home again on -the fourth day.</p> - -<p class='c000'>They went with him to the place where the trail came up. He was -afraid three times, but when it was to be the fourth time he flew down.</p> - -<p class='c000'>“Where the white mirage is located in the center of the sky he rested; -where the yellow house stands, resting in its shadow he sat down.</p> - -<p class='c000'>“The blue house, standing at the center of the sky; resting in the shade -he sat down again.</p> - -<p class='c000'>“The black house, standing at the center of the sky; resting in its shade -he sat down again.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>From there he flew down and lit on the earth. He alighted on a tree -near which sat the Coyote who had lowered him. He was saying he would -shoot the eagle there and get feathers to fix his arrow's. When Coyote -tried to steal up close under him the eagle flew away to his house and became -a man again. Those, who used to be his children had been renamed, “They -grew up by eating the neck.” Coyote had punched their eyes out. “He -did it with an awl,” they told their father.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When he came back from hunting, his two children had been all right. -He heard him bring his load as he came back. He was saying, “Raised-with-neck-meat, -come and meet me.” “Do not go there,” he told his sons. -Coyote kept shouting as he came. He brought the load there and threw it -down. He called out. “Good, Cousin. You have come back? I took -good care of your children.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>The man who had been with the eagles then told his wife to put four -stones on the fire. She put them on the fire to heat. She put one here and -one here. “Put two of the stones in your mouth and put your feet on these -two,” he told Coyote. Coyote did as he was told to, but ran only a little -way before his tail fell out. His wife had an ill odor from being with Coyote. -He beat among Coyote's children with a stick.</p> - -<p class='c000'>He did not like living on the earth. He placed eagle plumes in a row -which multiplied fourfold. With the aid of these the man became an eagle. -The people living here came to have medicinemen with power from eagles. -He was a man but became an eagle and is now in the sky above.</p> - -<hr class='c011' /> - -<div class='footnote' id='f59'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r59'>59</a>. </span>Told by the father of Frank Crockett in February, 1910. For the distribution of this -story see p. 67 above. It was said to be the myth of a ceremony used to cure one who gets -ill from eagle feathers when he uses them to put on his arrows.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f60'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r60'>60</a>. </span>This method of knowing when the parents are to return is found in another myth, p. -17 above.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f61'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r61'>61</a>. </span>A similar supplying of his wants is in the Navajo account, Matthews, 199.</p> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_135'>135</span> - <h2 class='c005'><span class='sc'>He who became a Snake</span>.<a id='r62' /><a href='#f62' class='c010'><sup>[62]</sup></a></h2> -</div> - -<p class='c006'>A man (Naiyenezgani) was living alone. He brought wood there and -built a fire. He danced on rawhide against white men and then went to -war. He came where the white people were and killed a white woman. -He raised up her skirt with a stick and Gila monster was there. “Let -that be your name,” he said and Gila Monster was called <i><span lang="apw" xml:lang="apw">łenellai</span></i>. The two -of them started back and came to a mountain called Bitcilł'ehe. From -there they went back and came to a place called Tsitena'a. A porcupine -was there and one of the men said, “My cousin, a porcupine lies here.” -They killed it and buried it in the ashes of the fire. At midnight he uncovered -it, but Naiyenezgani did not eat of it, only his partner. “My -cousin, it tastes like red peppers, taste it,” he said. They lay down again -and went to sleep. The next morning there were traces where the one who -had eaten had crawled into the water as a snake. Naiyenezgani went back -from there and in the yellow light of evening came back to Tatakawa,<a id='r63' /><a href='#f63' class='c010'><sup>[63]</sup></a> saying, -“Since early this morning I came from Tsitena'a.” When all the people -had come together they asked, “What place is called that?” “Big-hawk-old-man -says he has been all over earth and seen everything.<a id='r64' /><a href='#f64' class='c010'><sup>[64]</sup></a> Send for -him,” they said. When he was summoned, he came walking with his cane -and sat down. “You are accustomed to say you have seen every place -on earth. A man says he has come from Tsitena'a since early this morning,” -they told him. “Well, it is not near. I flew from there in ten days -and when I came here the yellow light of sunset was over the earth.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>Naiyenezgani then said, “He stayed with me last night and he ate -something. It seems he turned into a snake and crawled in the river.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>All the Eagle people, Black Whirlwind, the Sun, the Moon, and the Gan -people all started toward Tsitena'a. When they came there, in the presence -of the Sun and Moon, Black Gan rolled a turquoise hoop into the water. -The water of the river rose up so much. Then Ganłbaiye rolled a hoop of -<i><span lang="apw" xml:lang="apw">bacinϵ</span></i> into the water. Next Gan with his face half covered rolled a hoop -of <i><span lang="apw" xml:lang="apw">tsϵłtcϵϵ</span></i> in the water and the river was lifted up so much (about a yard). -Finally, Ganłtci' rolled a hoop of <i><span lang="apw" xml:lang="apw">yołgai</span></i> and the water was high enough -above the river bed that a man could walk under it.<a id='r65' /><a href='#f65' class='c010'><sup>[65]</sup></a></p> - -<p class='c000'>They all entered the bed of the river and followed the man who had -turned into a snake. They finally overtook him. There was a snake on -the other side which they concluded was the one who had been a man. -A turquoise hoop was rolled toward him and it jumped over his neck. From -the neck up he took on the appearance of a man. A hoop of <i><span lang="apw" xml:lang="apw">bacinϵ</span></i> was next -rolled and it fell to the waist. Next a loop of <i><span lang="apw" xml:lang="apw">tcϵłtcϵϵ</span></i> was rolled which -jumped on the man and fell to the hips, above which he took the form of a -man. Finally a hoop of <i><span lang="apw" xml:lang="apw">yołgai</span></i> was rolled, and his entire body became -human. Then they took him by the hand and led him back. They danced -for him twelve nights and he was restored as a man. During the twelve -nights, no one was allowed to sleep, but someone did fall asleep. The one -who had turned into a snake began to sing, “I am going up. I am going -up where the sky comes together,” he said as he sang. He was no longer -seen where he had been standing. The man had a sister who began to sing. -“Truly, I am going where it is called, mesquites-come-together.” She was -no longer where she had been standing.</p> - -<p class='c000'>She is the one who crawls around here in the summertime. The female -lives below; the male lives above.<a id='r66' /><a href='#f66' class='c010'><sup>[66]</sup></a></p> - -<p class='c000'>It was here the Indians secured the supernatural power. Naiyenezgani -alone had the <i><span lang="apw" xml:lang="apw">najonc</span></i> poles. He alone played with them. There were two -of the poles.</p> - -<p class='c000'>My yucca fruits lie this way.</p> - -<hr class='c011' /> - -<div class='footnote' id='f62'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r62'>62</a>. </span>Told by the father of Frank Crockett in February, 1910. This is the myth upon which -the ceremony for curing one bitten by a snake rests. For the San Carlos version see p. 64 -above.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f63'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r63'>63</a>. </span>A valley on Cedar Creek in the White Mountain country.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f64'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r64'>64</a>. </span>This knowledge of geography by a bird-old-man is found in a San Carlos story, p. 21.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f65'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r65'>65</a>. </span>The deities and materials have definite associations with the world-quarters. There -are certain variations in this association.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f66'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r66'>66</a>. </span>This refers to rattlesnakes under the mesquite bushes where they are said to be frequently -encountered. The male above is probably the lightning which from this narrative -appears connected with the porcupine.</p> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_136'>136</span> - <h2 class='c005'><span class='sc'>The Hunter who secured the Bear Ceremony</span>.<a id='r67' /><a href='#f67' class='c010'><sup>[67]</sup></a></h2> -</div> - -<p class='c006'>A man was out hunting when there was snow on the ground. As he -walked along a hillside he slipped and fell off. Below was a bear's den and -he fell right into it. When the female bear discovered him she jumped -around and said, “Wau, wau, wau, wau.” “Please do not act like that, -grandmother,” he said. “It seems I fell in here.” He remained there -four days without anything to eat. “Are you not hungry?” the bear -asked. “I am hungry,” he replied, “but what is there I can eat?” She -shook herself and cactus fruit rained down from her. After a second period -of fasting, the same question was asked and the same reply given. When -the bear shook herself, juniper berries fell. The third time it was white -oak acorns, and the fourth time, manzanita berries.</p> - -<p class='c000'>After that she said there were two persons living across the valley and -that they would go there to visit. She also said the visit would be dangerous, -for she had in mind bears and a bear's camp. The bear told the man -to remain between her hind legs during the period of danger.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When they entered the bear's house and the hosts became aware of the -man's presence, they became aroused and growled, “Wau, wau, wau.” -The man remained between the hind legs of his companion who reached -around with her front legs and defended him. “He has been with me a -long time and he is our friend,” she said to the others.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Next they all went to a camp where there were three bears and there -again the same things happened and the same expressions were used. -From there they went with him to a camp where there were four bears. He -was protected at that camp as on the former occasions and was introduced -as a friend.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Accompanied by the bears, he went back to the camp at which he had -first arrived. He had been gone a year. He came back to his own people. -From this man there came to be bear songs and medicinemen with bear -power.</p> - -<hr class='c011' /> - -<div class='footnote' id='f67'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r67'>67</a>. </span>Told by the father of Frank Crockett in February, 1910.</p> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_137'>137</span> - <h2 class='c005'><span class='sc'>The Cannibal Owl</span>.<a id='r68' /><a href='#f68' class='c010'><sup>[68]</sup></a></h2> -</div> - -<p class='c006'>Owl was a person. He lived by eating people, carrying off the small -children in a large burden basket. He had a wife to whom he brought -them, saying to her, “Boil them.” When they were cooked he ate them.</p> - -<p class='c000'>There were some people who were living in a large house made of white -cactus. Owl poked a pole in after them. The people inside held on to the -pole. Owl pulled on it and the people held to it. They let go suddenly and -Owl fell over backwards. He took two children on his back and carried -them away toward the camp. He put the basket down with the children -in it and went some distance away to urinate. While he was gone, the -children put a large stone in the basket and defiled it. Owl started away -again with his load, but when he passed under the limb of a tree the children -caught hold of it. They turned into downy feathers and were blown away -by the wind. “Boys, downy feathers are being blown about over there,” -he said. They had been persons, but now they were downy feathers. Owl -brought his load to the house for his wife. She took a knife and tried to -cut across the stone with it. “It is a stone,” she said. He took it to his -son-in-law. “It is a stone with manure on it,” he said. “That is its gall,” -he replied. Owl went back to his wife. (The story was interrupted at -this point.)</p> - -<hr class='c011' /> - -<div class='footnote' id='f68'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r68'>68</a>. </span>Told by the father of Frank Crockett, February, 1910.</p> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_138'>138</span> - <h2 class='c005'><span class='sc'>The Doings of Coyote</span>.<a id='r69' /><a href='#f69' class='c010'><sup>[69]</sup></a></h2> -</div> - -<p class='c006'>Long ago, Coyote was told that the people were dying. He tied together -a hairbrush, a wooden skin-dresser, and a stone pestle, and threw them in -the water. “If these float let them come back to life,” he said. They -sank and, therefore, the dead did not come back.<a id='r70' /><a href='#f70' class='c010'><sup>[70]</sup></a></p> - -<p class='c000'>Snow fell. It rained down in the form of flour. This same Coyote said, -“I chewed ice,” and it became ice.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Also the horns of deer were tallow. Coyote again said, “I chew bones.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>Coyote became ill. He had a handsome daughter. When he became -ill, he told his wife to throw him away. He said their daughter was to be -given to a man with a panther-skin quiver on his back who would come to -play <i><span lang="apw" xml:lang="apw">najonc</span></i>. This man, he said, would also have a prairie-dog in his hand.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When Coyote was dead his wife gave the daughter to the man described -by Coyote and he married her. It was Coyote himself, who married his -own daughter. He had her hunt his lice. On the back of his head was a -large wart. He told her that the lice always stay on this side, indicating -a portion of his head remote from the wart. While she was looking for -his lice, her husband fell asleep. Wondering why he always spoke as he did, -she looked on the back of his head. There was a wart there. She slipped -his head off her lap while he was asleep and going to her mother told her -that the man was her father; that he had a wart on the back of his head. -She picked up a large stone and was about to strike him on the crown of his -head when he saw her shadow. He jumped, ran out, and trotted off toward -the east. Whenever he came where there were camps people reviled him -as the man who had his own daughter for his wife. They heard him saying -“ci, ci, ci.” They referred to him as the scabby one and hit him. He -cried “wai” and turned from human form into a coyote.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Coyote was driving some mules. He smothered five of the mules. -He wondered what smothered them. “Hurry,” he said, “skin their -throats. This place will be called Coyote Springs,” he said.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When coyotes were people they all drank whiskey and ran about everywhere -shouting. When they became coyotes, they barked.</p> - -<hr class='c011' /> - -<div class='footnote' id='f69'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r69'>69</a>. </span>Told by the father of Frank Crockett.</p> -</div> - -<div class='footnote' id='f70'> -<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r70'>70</a>. </span>This incident is generally known over western North America. Professor Boas has -discussed its distribution.</p> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_139'>139</span> - <h2 class='c005'><span class='sc'>Bibliography</span>.</h2> -</div> - - <dl class='dl_1 c004'> - <dt><span class='sc'>Franciscan Fathers, The</span>.</dt> - <dd>An Ethnologic Dictionary of the Navaho Language. St. Michaels, Arizona, 1910. - </dd> - <dt><span class='sc'>Goddard, Pliny Earle</span>,</dt> - <dd>(a) Jicarilla Apache Texts (Anthropological Papers, American Museum of Natural History, - vol. VIII. New York, 1911.) - </dd> - <dt> </dt> - <dd>(b) The Beaver Indians (Anthropological Papers, American Museum of Natural History, vol. - X, part IV. New York, 1916.) - </dd> - <dt><span class='sc'>Kroeber, A. L.</span></dt> - <dd>Gros Ventre Myths and Tales (Anthropological Papers, American Museum of Natural History, - vol. I, part III. New York, 1907.) - </dd> - <dt><span class='sc'>Matthews, Washington.</span></dt> - <dd>Navaho Legends (Memoirs, American Folk-Lore Society, vol. V. New York, 1897.) - </dd> - <dt><span class='sc'>Russell, Frank.</span></dt> - <dd>Myths of the Jicarilla Apache (Journal of American Folk-Lore, vol. XI, 1898.) - </dd> - <dt><span class='sc'>Voth, H. R.</span></dt> - <dd>The Traditions of the Hopi (Publication 96, Anthropological Series, Field Columbian - Museum, vol. VIII. Chicago, 1905.) - </dd> - <dt><span class='sc'>Wissler, Clark, and Duvall, D. C.</span></dt> - <dd>Blackfoot Mythology (Anthropological Papers, American Museum of Natural History, vol. II, - part I. New York, 1908.) - </dd> - </dl> - -<div class='tnotes'> - -<div class='chapter'> - <h2 class='c005'>TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES</h2> -</div> - <ol class='ol_1 c004'> - <li>Silently corrected typographical errors. - - </li> - <li>Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed. - </li> - </ol> - -</div> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Myths and Tales from the White -Mountain Apache, by Pliny Earle Goddard - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MYTHS, TALES FROM WHITE MT. APACHE *** - -***** This file should be named 53113-h.htm or 53113-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/3/1/1/53113/ - -Produced by Richard Tonsing, Larry B. 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