diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'old/52888-h/52888-h.htm')
| -rw-r--r-- | old/52888-h/52888-h.htm | 3763 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 3763 deletions
diff --git a/old/52888-h/52888-h.htm b/old/52888-h/52888-h.htm deleted file mode 100644 index 9cbce63..0000000 --- a/old/52888-h/52888-h.htm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3763 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" - "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> - <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> - <title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of What Every Girl Should Know, by Margaret H. Sanger</title> - <link rel="coverpage" href="images/cover.jpg" /> - <style type="text/css"> - body { margin-left: 8%; margin-right: 10%; } - h1 { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: xx-large; } - h2 { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: x-large; } - h3 { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: large; } - h4 { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.0em; } - .pageno { right: 1%; font-size: x-small; background-color: inherit; color: silver; - text-indent: 0em; text-align: right; position: absolute; - border: thin solid silver; padding: .1em .2em; font-style: normal; - font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; } - p { text-indent: 0; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-align: justify; } - .large { font-size: large; } - .xlarge { font-size: x-large; } - .under { text-decoration: underline; } - .lg-container-b { text-align: center; } - @media handheld { .lg-container-b { clear: both; } } - .linegroup { display: inline-block; text-align: left; } - @media handheld { .linegroup { display: block; margin-left: 1.5em; } } - .linegroup .group { margin: 1em auto; } - .linegroup .line { text-indent: -3em; padding-left: 3em; } - div.linegroup > :first-child { margin-top: 0; } - ol.ol_1 {padding-left: 0; margin-left: 2.78%; margin-top: .5em; - margin-bottom: .5em; list-style-type: decimal; } - .chapter { clear: both; page-break-before: always; } - .figcenter { clear: both; max-width: 100%; margin: 2em auto; text-align: center; } - div.figcenter p { text-align: center; text-indent: 0; } - .figcenter img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; } - .id001 { width:20%; } - .id002 { width:10%; } - .id003 { width:700px; } - .id004 { width:414px; } - .id005 { width:186px; } - @media handheld { .id001 { margin-left:40%; width:20%; } } - @media handheld { .id002 { margin-left:45%; width:10%; } } - @media handheld { .id003 { margin-left:6%; width:87%; } } - @media handheld { .id004 { margin-left:24%; width:51%; } } - @media handheld { .id005 { margin-left:38%; width:23%; } } - .ic003 { width:100%; } - .ig001 { width:100%; } - .table0 { margin: auto; margin-top: 2em; } - .table1 { margin: auto; } - .nf-center { text-align: center; } - .nf-center-c1 { text-align: left; margin: 1em 0; } - .c000 { margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } - .c001 { page-break-before: always; margin-top: 4em; } - .c002 { margin-top: 1em; } - .c003 { margin-top: 4em; } - .c004 { margin-top: 2em; } - .c005 { page-break-before:auto; margin-top: 4em; } - .c006 { vertical-align: top; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em; } - .c007 { vertical-align: top; text-align: left; text-indent: -1em; - padding-left: 1em; } - .c008 { page-break-before: always; margin-top: 2em; } - .c009 { margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } - .c010 { page-break-before: auto; margin-top: 2em; } - .c011 { font-size: 90%; } - .c012 { border: none; border-bottom: thin solid; margin-top: 0.8em; - margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 35%; margin-right: 35%; width: 30%; } - .c013 { font-size: 2em; } - .c014 { font-size: 1.5em; } - .c015 { font-size: 90%; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } - .c016 { margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } - .c017 { vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding-right: 1em; } - .c018 { vertical-align: top; text-align: right; } - div.tnotes { padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;background-color:#E3E4FA; - border:1px solid silver; margin:2em 10% 0 10%; } - .covernote { visibility: hidden; display: none; } - div.tnotes p { text-align:left; } - @media handheld { .covernote { visibility: visible; display: block;} } - .ph1 { text-indent: 0em; font-weight: bold; font-size: xx-large; - margin: .67em auto; } - .ph2 { text-indent: 0em; font-weight: bold; font-size: x-large; margin: .75em auto; - } - </style> - </head> - <body> - - -<pre> - -Project Gutenberg's What Every Girl Should Know, by Margaret H. Sanger - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: What Every Girl Should Know - -Author: Margaret H. Sanger - -Release Date: August 24, 2016 [EBook #52888] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WHAT EVERY GIRL SHOULD KNOW *** - - - - -Produced by Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<div class='tnotes covernote'> - -<p class='c000'><strong>Transcriber's Note:</strong></p> - -<p class='c000'>The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.</p> - -</div> - -<div> - <h1 class='c001'><span class='under'>What Every Girl Should Know</span></h1> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id001'> -<img src='images/i_001.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div>BY</div> - <div class='c002'><span class='xlarge'>Margaret H. Sanger</span></div> - <div class='c002'>AUTHOR OF</div> - <div class='c002'><span class='large'>“How Six Little Children Were Taught the Truth.”</span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c003'> - <div>SENTINEL PRINTING CO.</div> - <div class='c002'>PRINTERS AND</div> - <div>PUBLISHERS</div> - <div class='c002'>READING, PENNA.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id002'> -<img src='images/i_002.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c003'> - <div>Dedication</div> - <div class='c004'>TO THE WORKING GIRLS</div> - <div>OF THE WORLD</div> - <div>THIS LITTLE BOOK</div> - <div>IS</div> - <div>LOVINGLY DEDICATED</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <h2 class='c005'>Contents</h2> -</div> - -<table class='table0' summary=''> - <tr> - <td class='c006'>CHAPTER</td> - <td class='c006'>I.</td> - <td class='c007'><a href='#I'>INTRODUCTION.</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c006'>CHAPTER</td> - <td class='c006'>II.</td> - <td class='c007'><a href='#II'>GIRLHOOD.</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c006'>Part</td> - <td class='c006'>I.</td> - <td class='c007'><a href='#II-I'>Physical Growth.</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c006'>Part</td> - <td class='c006'>II.</td> - <td class='c007'><a href='#II-II'>Mental Development.</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c006'>CHAPTER</td> - <td class='c006'>III.</td> - <td class='c007'><a href='#III'>PUBERTY.</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c006'>Part</td> - <td class='c006'>I.</td> - <td class='c007'><a href='#III-I'>General Organs, Uterus, Ovaries, Etc.</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c006'>Part</td> - <td class='c006'>II.</td> - <td class='c007'><a href='#III-II'>Menstruation and Its Disorders.</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c006'>CHAPTER</td> - <td class='c006'>IV.</td> - <td class='c007'><a href='#IV'>SEXUAL IMPULSE.</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c006'>Part</td> - <td class='c006'>I.</td> - <td class='c007'><a href='#IV-I'>Masturbation</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c006'>Part</td> - <td class='c006'>II.</td> - <td class='c007'><a href='#IV-II'>Sexual Impulse in Animals—In Men. Its Significance in Love.</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c006'>CHAPTER</td> - <td class='c006'>V.</td> - <td class='c007'><a href='#V'>Reproduction.</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c006'>Part</td> - <td class='c006'>I.</td> - <td class='c007'><a href='#V-I'>Growth of the Life Cell in the Uterus.</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c006'>Part</td> - <td class='c006'>II.</td> - <td class='c007'><a href='#V-II'>Hygiene of Pregnancy—Miscarriage.</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c006'>CHAPTER</td> - <td class='c006'>VI.</td> - <td class='c007'><a href='#VI'>SOME OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF IGNORANCE AND SILENCE.</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c006'>Part</td> - <td class='c006'>I.</td> - <td class='c007'><a href='#VI-I'>Continence in Young Men.</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c006'>Part</td> - <td class='c006'>II.</td> - <td class='c007'><a href='#VI-II'>Gonorrhoea.</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c006'>Part</td> - <td class='c006'>III.</td> - <td class='c007'><a href='#VI-III'>Syphilis.</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c006'>CHAPTER</td> - <td class='c006'>VII.</td> - <td class='c007'><a href='#VII'>MENOPAUSE.</a></td> - </tr> -</table> - -<div class='ph1'> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c003'> - <div>What Every Girl Should Know</div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_7'>7</span> - <h2 id='I' class='c005'>CHAPTER I.</h2> -</div> -<h3 class='c008'>INTRODUCTION</h3> - -<p class='c009'>Students of vice, whether teachers, clergymen, social -workers or physicians, have been laboring for years -to find the cause and cure for vice, and especially for -prostitution. They have failed so far to agree on either -the cause or the cure, but it is interesting to know that -upon one point they have been compelled to agree, and -that is, that <strong>ignorance of the sex functions</strong> is one of the -strongest forces that sends young girls into <strong>unclean</strong> -living.</p> - -<p class='c000'>This, together with the knowledge of the rapidly increasing -spread of venereal diseases and the realization -of their subtle nature, has awakened us to the need of a -saner and healthier attitude on the sex subject, and to -the importance of <strong>sex education</strong> for boys and girls.</p> - -<p class='c000'>This need has shown itself so clearly that the question -no longer seems to be, “Is there need of instruction?” -but, “Who shall instruct?” Shall the mother or teacher -instruct? When shall such instruction be given? In -childhood, or in puberty? These are the points now -under discussion.</p> - -<p class='c000'>To the writer the answer is simple. The mother is -the logical person to teach the child as soon as questions -arise, for it is to the mother that the child goes for -information before he enters the schoolroom. If, therefore, -the mother answers his questions truthfully and -<span class='pageno' id='Page_8'>8</span>simply and satisfies his curiosity, she will find that the -subject of sex ceases to be an isolated subject, and becomes -a natural part of the child's general learning. -A woman does not need to be a college graduate, with -a special degree in the study of botany, before she can -tell her child the beautiful truth of its birth. But she -does need to clear her own mind of prudishness, and to -understand that the procreative act is natural, clean and -healthful; that all nature is beautified through it, and -consequently that it is devoid of offensiveness.</p> - -<p class='c000'>If the mother can impress the child with the beauty -and wonder and sacredness of the sex functions, she has -taught it the first lesson, and the teacher can elaborate -on these teachings as the child advances in school. All -schools should teach anatomy of the sex organs and their -physiology, instead of teaching the human body in the -neuter gender as has been done up to this time.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The whole object of teaching the child about reproduction -through evolution is to clear its mind of any -shame or mystery concerning its birth and to impress it -with the beauty and naturalness of procreation, in order -to prepare it for the knowledge of puberty and marriage.</p> - -<p class='c000'>There must of necessity be special information for -the pubescent boy and girl, for having arrived at the -stage in their mental development they no longer take -for granted what has been told them by the parents, but -are keen to form their own ideas and gather information -independently. It is right, therefore, to give them the -facts as science has found them.</p> - -<p class='c000'>There are workers and philanthropists who say there -is too much stress put upon the subject of venereal -diseases; that the young girl after learning or hearing of -the dangers she is likely to encounter in the sexual relation, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_9'>9</span>is afraid to marry and consequently lives a life unloved -and alone.</p> - -<p class='c000'>“Your treatment of this subject is dangerous,” said -a very earnest social worker a few weeks ago. “Such -knowledge will prevent our young girls from marrying.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>To which I replied that my object in telling young -girls the truth is for the definite purpose of preventing -them from entering into sexual relations whether in marriage -or out of it, without thinking and knowing. Better -a thousand times to live alone and unloved than to be -tied to a man who has robbed her of health or of the -joy of motherhood, or welcoming the pains of motherhood, -live in anxiety lest her sickly offspring be taken -out of her life, or grow up a chronic invalid.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I have more faith in the force of love. I believe -that two people convinced that they love each other and -desire to live together will talk as frankly of their own -health and natures as they do today of the house furnishings -and salaries. Their love for each other will protect -them from ill health and disease, and prompt them -to procure of their own accord, a certificate of health if -each has the right information and knowledge.</p> - -<p class='c000'>There are, however, different phases of nature, the -knowledge of which binds and cements the love of two -people, other than venereal diseases, for these diseases -are only symptoms of a great social disorder.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Every girl should first understand herself; she -should know her anatomy, including sex anatomy; she -should know the epochs of a normal woman's life, and -the unfoldment which each epoch brings; she should -know the effect the emotions have on her acts, and -finally she should know the fullness and richness of life -when crowned by the flower of motherhood.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_10'>10</span>This knowledge I shall endeavor to give in the following -articles. Fragmentary the articles must of necessity -be, for there are volumes written on each subject.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I shall try to free the subjects from technicalities -and give the opinions of writers who have made these -subjects their life studies and also the facts as I myself -have learned them.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It is not my intention to thrust upon any one a special -code of morals, or to inflict upon the readers my own -ideals of morality. I only presume to present the facts -for you to accept according to your understanding.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The first subject will deal with the girl during the -age when sex first manifests itself, in that most fascinating, -interesting and puzzling period of a woman's life—the -budding period, called girlhood.</p> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_11'>11</span> - <h2 id='II' class='c005'>CHAPTER II.</h2> -</div> -<h3 id='II-I' class='c008'>GIRLHOOD—PART I.</h3> - -<h4 class='c010'>The Physical Manifestations</h4> - -<p class='c009'>It has been said that the American girl between the -ages of 12 and 18 is the most neglected girl in the world. -Just why this is so, it is difficult to say, but I doubt -whether she is alone in this neglect, for this is known as -the <strong>adolescent period</strong>, and it is only within the last few -years that the mental and physiological aspect of this -period has been at all considered, or its importance recognized -in any part of the world.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The <strong>adolescent period</strong> is the time occupied between -the ages of 12 and 22, when the physical development -comes suddenly into prominence; when the mental faculties -become independently active, and the sex of the individual -strongly manifests itself. It is a period of the -greatest importance to the girl herself, for her physical, -mental and moral development during this time will have -an important effect on her future life.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It is also a period of the greatest interest to the -mother, provided there is sympathy, confidence and understanding -between them. Too much importance cannot -be attached to the necessity of an early confidence -between the girl and her mother before this period arrives -for this will give a girl a sense of superiority, a poise, an -understanding of herself and her nature. She will then -be prepared for the changes taking place within herself, -and consequently be practically immune from the influence -of a bad environment, which otherwise might affect -her in a way detrimental to her health and happiness. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_12'>12</span>Up to this period there is very little manifestation of sex.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Fortunately, we have come to recognize that healthy -outdoor play is as good for the little girl as it is for the -boy, and the ideas of our grandmothers' day—that boys -were to play ball, ride horseback, swim, shoot, etc., while -the girl's play was restricted to sedentary pursuits, such -as sewing, doll playing, etc.—have been placed on the -relic heap, and the girl of today keeps pace with her -brother in physical freedom and activity.</p> - -<p class='c000'>With the passing of those ideas passed also our ideal -of the delicate girl, with a cough, small waist and dainty -appetite, and the girl physically strong and healthy, with -a broader view of life, has taken her place.</p> - -<p class='c000'>About the age of 12 there comes a sudden change in -the girl, her dresses are outgrown, her form assumes -shape, her bust and limbs develop, and, in the words of -Stanley Hall, “hips, thighs, limbs, shoulders and arms -round out into contours more or less beautiful, curves -always predominating over angles.” Thus we come to -realize that the little girl has left us.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The physical development is not alone in this work, -for the mental and moral instincts are developing so rapidly -that it is difficult to understand this new and lovely -creature who is neither the child of yesterday nor the -woman of tomorrow.</p> - -<p class='c000'>There is often very little patience shown the adolescent -girl, for neither parents nor teachers have been -aware that this is a separate and distinct stage—this -passing from childhood into womanhood—and as such -must be recognized.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Let us first take the bony structure. It is a well -known fact that there is not sufficient lime salts in the -system to complete the bony structure until the 25th -<span class='pageno' id='Page_13'>13</span>year. The bones are not completely hardened, which is -one of the reasons that so many deformities have their -foundation laid at this time.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The first and most noticeable change in the girl at -this age is the increase of height, which begins at the -13th year and ends about the 15th. There are girls -who begin earlier and continue to grow for several years -after this age, but it is with the average we deal, and -the growth after the age of 15 is not so perceptible.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Many girls show almost no other signs of womanly -development until after this growth has ceased. The -bones at this time are soft enough to yield to pressure -(being cartilaginous), which makes the wearing of a -corset especially dangerous, for the pressure on the ribs -interferes with the development of the lungs and tuberculosis -is more easily contracted. Corsets should not -be worn before the 21st year if possible, and then very -loosely, for tight lacing is more harmful at this age than -a few years later. Those who have made careful investigations -of the harmful effects of corsets claim that not -only are the chest and walls of the abdomen injured, -but the development of the sexual organs is seriously -hampered, causing many functional diseases, commonly -painful and irregular menstruation, caused by arrested -development of the cervix.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The girl who scoffs at the idea of the Chinese women -binding up their feet, is doubtless ignorant of the knowledge -that to bind up their own thoracic and pelvic structures, -i. e., the chest and abdominal portions of her body, -in tight corsets is doing greater harm to her health and -injury to her development than the binding of the feet -could possibly do. Ellis brings forth a few words on this -subject which shows that the habit of binding the feet -<span class='pageno' id='Page_14'>14</span>of the Chinese women is based on the same ideas as the -European woman has when she deforms her waist—they -are both done for sexual attractiveness.</p> - -<p class='c000'>A Chinese woman's foot is more interesting than her -face—to her husband.</p> - -<p class='c000'>No man of good breeding would look at a Chinese -woman's foot in the street; such an act is most indelicate.</p> - -<p class='c000'>This question of corsets every girl should consider -seriously.</p> - -<p class='c000'>As this rapid growth begins, the girl often finds it -difficult to hold herself up straight, her shoulders become -stooped, her head and neck are thrust forward in a most -ungainly manner. As she becomes conscious of this, instead -of correcting it, she is likely to slouch and assume -the most awkward habits. Her arms seem longer to -her; hands, legs and feet become new burdens to carry, -and the desire to hide the hands behind the back, to -fold the arms, to bend one knee in order to lessen the -length of the body, and to lean on something while talking, -are all signs of this consciousness.</p> - -<p class='c000'>With the invention of modern machinery and the -monotony of specialized work in the mills and factories, -it is natural that this should bring with it, if not entirely -new diseases and deformities, at least a greater number -than have heretofore been known. Consider the little -children in the cotton mills, standing for long periods, -with the weight of the body thrown on one foot—a position, -which causes curvature of the spine. Again consider -the young girls still in their “teens” bending over sewing -machines from morning until night from year to -year; their premium for this work is right sided lateral -curvature. Sitting with one leg crossed over the other -as in sewing, carrying books under the arm to and from -<span class='pageno' id='Page_15'>15</span>school, lifting and carrying heavy burdens, bundles, or -small children, such as the abused and deformed “little -mothers” spend their play time in doing—all cause curvature -of the spine.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Curvature is one of the most common deformities. -Any position which throws the spinal column out of its -natural line for any length of time is likely to produce it.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Regular exercise in the open air will do much to prevent -this, together with walking and dancing. If curvature -is already noticeable, then it is best to get professional -instructions and follow them closely.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Next to the rapid bony development, the changes in -the heart and circulation are most noticeable. The heart -grows more rapidly during the adolescent age than the -arteries do, which increases the supply of blood in the -arteries and causes general circulatory disturbance of -which we see many outward signs such as blushing, nose -bleed, headache, cold feet and hands, anaemia, loss of appetite, -or an appetite so capricious as to drive one frantic -trying to satisfy it, for it jumps from ice cream soda to -dill pickles, according to whim. Some of these symptoms -require special attention, particularly in the case -of the girl at school or in an office, who finds her work -a great effort, tires easily, and becomes pale and nervous. -Such a girl should spend as much time as possible in -the open air, and build up on milk and eggs. Sometimes -a simple iron tonic will do much to overcome these disturbances.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Pimples on the face are also very common at this -period. Physicians assert that with cleanliness of the -skin and regularity of the bowels, these symptoms will -disappear without the aid of medicines or cosmetics. -The above mentioned symptoms are of great annoyance -<span class='pageno' id='Page_16'>16</span>to the adolescent girl, who is just developing pride in -looking neat and keeping up an appearance of daintiness, -and she goes to unending trouble to rid herself of facial -blemishes, which often seem to grow worse and if -tampered with, leave ugly scars.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The nervous system also undergoes great changes -at this age, and the growing girl is subject to various -forms of nervous affections, stammering, jerking, restlessness, -etc. These are symptoms which, if allowed to -continue unattended, may develop into permanent disorders. -In short, the adolescent girl needs constant -watchfulness and attention.</p> - -<h3 id='II-II' class='c008'>GIRLHOOD—PART II.</h3> - -<p class='c009'>The organs of sense are also awakened to activity -in the adolescent girl. The sense of smell becomes extremely -acute; offensive odors are <strong>very</strong> offensive, while -pleasant ones are greatly enjoyed and desired. Thus we -find perfumes used lavishly in girlhood, and alas! too -often indiscriminately.</p> - -<p class='c000'>With the development of the other senses the sense -of color is awakened. The girl, who, yesterday allowed -her elders to choose clothing and colors for her, at this -time becomes most exacting in her own selection of ribbons -and dresses. Sunsets and forests have become -beautiful, and often the girl with artistic talent decides at -this age to choose her life work. Laces, jewelry, trinkets, -ribbons and shop windows become her world. Indeed, -so great is her desire to possess ornaments that she -has been known to resort to petty thievery, when unable -to avail herself of the means to obtain them otherwise. -Certain authorities, who have made vice and -kindred subjects a study, assert that it is this great desire -<span class='pageno' id='Page_17'>17</span>for trinkets, silk petticoats, etc., which induces girls -to sell their bodies and enter prostitution. Such authorities -fail to see the economic significance of these -unsatisfied desires. There is something wrong with a -system of society which allows its women to sell their -bodies for such trifles, the desire for which is part of their -natural development.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Is flesh and blood and the virtue of the mothers of -the future so cheap in this land of plenty that it can be -sacrificed for such passing whims? It is impossible to -suppress that inherent and natural desire in the adolescent -girl to adorn and beautify herself. She must and -will do it.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The girl of wealth, of the so-called upper class, can -beautify herself and adorn her body with the costliest -jewels and fabrics. All eyes are upon her in admiration -of her exquisite taste and attractive appearance. Yet -this same manifestation in a working girl is condemned. -Any attempt on the part of a working girl to give expression -to the desire to be beautiful is considered -“dangerous to her welfare”; is spoken of as her “awful -desire for trinkets.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>The women of wealth set certain standards for -themselves and their class, but separate and distinct -standards for the women of the working class. It is about -time the reformers and philanthropists do something -other than deal with the symptoms of the great social -unrest, and some of the latest reports of vice investigators -have been compelled to face some of the most fundamental -causes, and acknowledged these causes.</p> - -<p class='c000'>A craving for beauty and pleasure, dancing, music, -singing and laughter, an innate hereditary desire to adorn -and beautify herself, which comes down to her from -<span class='pageno' id='Page_18'>18</span>primitive woman, together with a burning desire for and -love of romance, characterize the adolescent girl and -often remain with her far beyond the adolescent age.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When the imagination is thus aroused it is not unusual -to learn that the young girl yields to it, tells strange -tales about herself, and is, therefore, often accused of -lying. But this and petty thievery disappear as reason -and will power are developed.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The change of voice in a girl is not so distinct as in a -boy, but the voice gradually becomes softer, fuller and of -a more womanly pitch, though the change is quite unnoticeable -while it occurs.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The hearing becomes keener, noises which a few -months ago were considered a joke are now disturbing -(such as father's loud sneeze). Music and singing have -charms, which in childhood were unappreciated.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Parents and teachers who do not appreciate the -change taking place within the girl at this period, have -small patience with such doings, calling her “giddy” and -“affected” when in reality it is all part of her development -and can be guided and directed into beautiful -channels. Together with her personal adornment comes -interest in her surroundings. New and elaborate decorations -furnish her bedroom, and toilet accessories become -objects of pride. Primitive colors are displayed, largely -in curtains, bed coverings, wall paper, etc., all of which -explain the independent ego in the stage of transition.</p> - -<p class='c000'>There are many forms of disturbance which the girl -suffers at this period, such as hysteria and insanity, -which, however, we will not dwell upon here. Enough -has been said on the subject to impress upon my readers -the cause of these physical and mental disturbances, and -<span class='pageno' id='Page_19'>19</span>to realize that special care and consideration should be -given at this particular age of the girl.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The emotional nature also plays a most prominent -part in the developing girl, and justice, I feel, would not -be shown her here, unless we cover briefly this most interesting -part of her nature. One of the strongest emotions -which very few girls, passing from childhood into -womanhood, escape, is the religious awakening of one -kind or another. It is said by some investigators that -80 per cent. of the conversions of women in the churches -take place before the age of 20. From 30 to 40 years -only a very small percentage occur—something like 1 -or 2 per cent.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It is also shown that more young girls join church -than boys. Some girls seem almost consumed by the -desire to do good and be good in every thought and word -and act, and have been known to go through various -forms of self punishment, such as fasting, sacrificing -pleasure, etc. Again, others spend hours in absolute -devotion to the neglect of health and studies. It is very -easily seen why the church takes its “flock,” while still -in the adolescent period, for at no subsequent time is the -girl's mind so plastic or impressionable. If the same -girl who enters the convent at 18 years had waited until -22, she would very likely not have entered, for the mental -changes are most intense from 16 to 18 years of age.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Another common emotional awakening of girlhood -is the affections. In boys this awakening causes them to -gather together in gangs. They follow their leader -whom they greatly admire and obey. In girls it assumes -a more simple form, the devotion to a girl friend of her -own age, and the affection between them is deep and -intense while it lasts. They tell their most private -<span class='pageno' id='Page_20'>20</span>thoughts in secret to each other, dividing all honors, -pleasures and gifts; they are almost inseparable, and -I have known a girl whose affection was so deep for -her “chum” that she wore mourning when the chum's -father died.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Another form of affection which the girl of this age -manifests is that for an older woman, often a teacher or -neighbor. Parents sometimes look askance at this relation, -and rightly so, for a friendship can be beneficial -or harmful according to the character of the older woman. -But with all these interests there is nothing so -all-absorbing or so interesting to the adolescent girl as -<strong>herself</strong>. She has become conscious of <strong>self</strong>. Now she -burns with ambition to go out into the world and do -mighty things. She feels sure she will be a great singer, -or a dancer, or, perhaps, an actress. Again, she feels -she will write a wonderful book—about herself—or at -least she will be the heroine. Or she will write a wonderful -tragic play; or she will nurse on the battlefields -and care for the sick and dying. These, together with -thousands of other desires, burn in her mind, and can -be increased or lessened according to the character of -the books she reads. The literature placed in a girl's -hands at this age has as great an influence on her -thoughts and acts as her companions.</p> - -<p class='c000'>In early adolescence this self-consciousness manifests -itself in modesty, blushing, giggling, physical awkwardness, -mentioned earlier on this subject, all signs that -the girl is conscious of that inner self—the ego.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It is at this stage when the mother tries to explain -what the menstrual period means to the girl that she is -met with icy indifference. She refuses to talk on this -subject, or anything pertaining to the sex subject, because -<span class='pageno' id='Page_21'>21</span>she has just become conscious of her sex, and -everything connected with it seems offensively personal.</p> - -<p class='c000'>She most likely has received her sexual information -from some one else, and the mother is astonished at the -stubborn silence on the part of her daughter. She fails -to realize that some one else has that confidence which -belongs to her and which she should have gained many -years earlier. There is a strong tie between the adolescent -girl and her sexual informant. The influence of -an older girl over a younger, between whom there are -confidences regarding sex, is surprisingly great. The -mind at this age is very susceptible to influences of any -kind, and the ideals instilled into a girl's mind are of paramount -importance.</p> - -<p class='c000'>These are only a few of the disturbances of the adolescent -girl. But they are sufficient for us to know that -at the bottom of all these disturbances is the mysterious -influence of sex gradually unfolding itself and finally -claiming its own.</p> - -<p class='c000'>At the time these emotions are in full sway along -comes a newer and deeper one. The boy with whom -she has played for the past several years, run races, -played house, ball and games, one day looks into her eyes—and -something happens.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Perhaps that look was accompanied by a pull at her -hair, a pinch on her arm, or a hit with an apple core, but -the glance was one which awakened within her a new instinct; -the consciousness of sex, and upon her horizon -man appears.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Those who have investigated boy and girl love affairs -seem to be of the opinion that they are invariably -of short duration. Out of 100 high school girls interrogated, -two had married while at school, and one of these -<span class='pageno' id='Page_22'>22</span>had received a divorce shortly after. This goes to prove -that the boy a girl is willing to elope with, or even -starve for at 18, is quite forgotten at the age of 25.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When girls marry between the ages of 19 and 20—the -years when they are developing in body, mind and -character, they are at a loss to understand themselves, -because they are ignorant of the fact that the wonderful -instinct of sex is making itself felt. For thousands of -years this instinct has been in the germ of life. When -they have reached that age nature is preparing them -to proclaim its right, to perform their natural functions, -to propagate.</p> - -<p class='c000'>As the knowledge of the sex functions is one of the -most important to the health and happiness of the girl, -we shall now consider the girl in the period when nature -has developed and prepared her to carry out its plan, in -the Age of Puberty.</p> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_23'>23</span> - <h2 id='III' class='c005'>CHAPTER III.</h2> -</div> -<h3 id='III-I' class='c008'>PUBERTY—PART I.</h3> - -<p class='c009'>Puberty is the age at which the girl or boy becomes -capable of reproduction. Writers differ in the use of the -word. Many use it to denote the whole period of time -during which the procreative ability continues, which is -usually from the fourteenth to the forty-fifth year. -There are still other uses of the word, but we will use -it as the age when the boy or girl becomes sexually -matured or ripe, the first indication of which is the -menstrual flow in the girl and seminal emissions in -the boy.</p> - -<p class='c000'>This sign of puberty is celebrated by initiations -among the savage peoples, mostly for the purpose of -trying the powers of endurance in the boy or girl. -The boy is taken away among strange tribes, is subjected -to the greatest physical pain and hardship, and among -some tribes is circumcized. The girl is often subjected -to a vaginal incision and should she cry out or show any -sign of suffering she is disgraced among the women of -her tribe and promptly expelled from the settlement. -In Ellis' Psychology of Sex the author relates of the -Yuman Indians of California how the girls prepare for -marriage at the first sign of menstruation by being wrapped -in blankets and placed in a warm pit for four days and -nights. The old women of the tribe dance about them -and sing constantly; they give away coin, cloth and -wheat to teach the girls generosity, and sow wild seeds -broadcast over the girls to cause them to be prolific. -These and various other initiations are practiced by -<span class='pageno' id='Page_24'>24</span>nearly all savage tribes. The boys and girls receive -their sex knowledge at this time, and are instructed in -the duties of married life.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The girls are fully informed of menstruation. -It has been said the knowledge of sexual relations is -openly discussed and naturally taught; that, therefore, -it has no glamour for them, and in consequence the -women of these tribes are virtuous.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Perhaps you will wonder what bearing all this -has on What Every Girl Should Know. I relate it only -to show that the savages have recognized the importance -of plain sexual talks to their young for ages, while -civilization is still hiding itself under the black pall of -prudery.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When we speak of puberty it is necessary to have -some knowledge of the organs of reproduction and -their structure. So far the physiology taught in the -public schools has not treated of these organs. In order -to get books on this subject a girl is met with the -question: “Are you a nurse or physician?” If not the -books are denied her. Consequently the average girl -is kept in ignorance of the function of these organs, -and is at a loss to know where to go for clean information. -It is necessary, therefore, to give this information -here, without mincing words, if there is any -benefit to be derived from the following subject. It -is very simple for the girl to learn the correct names -of these organs and call them by such names. They -are the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina and -breasts. The breasts were not always classed as reproductive -organs, but later writers recognize their relation -to them, and as such they are now included.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Let us first take the ovaries, which are two small</p> - -<div class='figcenter id003'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_25'>25</span> -<img src='images/i_025.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic003'> -<p>FIG. I.<br /><br />UTERUS—TUBES AND OVARIES.</p> -</div> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div>To the right the ovary and tube have been laid open.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='lg-container-b c011'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>a—Uterus.</div> - <div class='line'>b—Ovary.</div> - <div class='line'>c—Fallopian Tube.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_27'>27</span>glands about the size and shape of an almond, placed -one on each side of the extreme lower part of the woman's -abdomen. They are imbedded in large ligaments -and tissues which also help to hold the uterus (the -womb) in place. Inside the ovaries are thousands of -little eggs called ovules, which have been there since -the birth of the girl. It is claimed there are from twenty -to fifty thousand ovules in the ovary at birth. The -work of the ovary is to develop and mature these eggs, -and send them on to be fertilized. At the time of puberty, -these eggs are all in different stages of development. -Those in the center of the ovary ripen first and -burst through the outer cover of the ovary (which is like -a capsule and at the time of menstruation becomes -swollen and congested). The ovule is caught by the -fringy ends of the fallopian tubes which are in a constant -lashing motion, which motion sends the egg -through the tube to the uterus.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The fallopian tubes are about four and one-half -inches in length and join the ovaries to the upper and -outer angle of the uterus. Its duties are to convey the -ova from the ovary to the uterus. Sometimes the -sperm cell from the male comes up into the tube to meet -the egg and it is fertilized here. The union of the two -cells usually occurs in the outer end of the fallopian tube; -but this is not the nest nature has prepared for the egg's -development, and unless it returns into the uterus it causes -serious trouble and an operation is necessary. Impregnation -in the tube is very rare, but it is possible.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The uterus, often spoken of as the womb, is a hollow -muscular organ into which the egg comes from the -tubes to be fertilized—four to eight days from ovaries -to uterus. After fertilization it remains here, is nourished -<span class='pageno' id='Page_28'>28</span>and developed until it can develop no more. -Then it is thrown out by the contraction of the muscles, -which process we call the birth of a child. The -uterus is about three inches long, its shape is like a pear -with the small end downward. It is not fastened to any -of the bony parts, but is held in place by the ligaments -and tissues, which also allow it to move with different -movements of the body. One of the most interesting -features about the uterus which is so small in its -cavity is that it can stretch to accommodate the growing -child within it to the length of nineteen to twenty-one -inches. This is because it is one and one half inches -thick and composed of layers of muscles which are tough -and yet elastic. At the upper side of the uterus are the -openings into the fallopian tubes. At the small end -of the uterus is another opening leading into the vagina. -It is through this opening the sperm of the male comes -in order to fertilize the egg. Thus you can readily see -the uterus is the nest or cradle where the egg is to live -until it becomes strong enough to subsist on other -nourishment.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The vagina is a muscular tube-like passage which -extends from the small part of the uterus (called the -neck) to the outer surface of the body, where its opening -is usually partly closed in virgins by a thin membrane -or film known as the hymen. The walls of the -vagina are also very thick and elastic. This is sometimes -called the birth canal. The hymen was for years -a subject for discussion in the professional world among -physicians. In my talks to girls I find it a subject of -great interest and often anxiety to many of them, for -the average girl seems possessed with the old idea that -the presence of the hymen is necessary to marital happiness. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_29'>29</span>The time was not long ago when its absence -was considered cause for serious discord between husband -and wife, and I have been told that under the old -law its absence was sufficient ground for divorce.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Fortunately, modern science has thrown some light -on this subject and disproved the theory that its absence -was necessarily due to a woman's having had sexual -relations. There are cases on record of women who -have lived four and five years in prostitution who were -found with perfectly preserved hymen. It is important -to know that it differs in size and shape in women. Also, -that in some women it has been entirely absent since -birth. Many little girls and babies have no hymen. It -can be destroyed by accident or injured by operations, -or examinations where the physician did not use the -greatest care. In some women it is easily destroyed; -in others it is more difficult. It is not at all uncommon -for a physician to find the hymen unruptured when he -comes to deliver the first born child. All of which goes -to prove that neither its presence nor its absence is -necessarily the sign of virginity.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Now that we have some idea of the situation of the -reproductive organs and their relations to one another -we shall be ready to consider in greater detail the ovule -or egg in the ovary.</p> - -<h3 id='III-II' class='c008'>PUBERTY—PART II.</h3> - -<p class='c009'>Beginning with puberty the eggs from the ovary -are expelled as they ripen or mature. This process is -called ovulation and occurs about every twenty-eight -days. It is closely related to menstruation, but it is not -menstruation as you will soon learn. Some writers -say the egg is expelled at other times than at the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_30'>30</span>menstrual periods; another writer asserts that one -passes every six hours, alternating male and female. -There are many views and ideas on the subject of -ovulation, but I will tell you of the most generally accepted -theory, that the egg is expelled from the ovary -every twenty-eight days.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When the egg ripens, the ovary discharges it and -sends it on to find its way through the tubes to the uterus. -Here we find the blood supply of the uterus greatly increased -in preparation for the egg. We find the inner -lining of the uterus becomes very soft and smooth so -that the egg can very easily find a place in which to -lodge itself after it has been fertilized. We also find -that the cells swell and multiply, all in preparation to -welcome and nourish the incoming egg or ovum. If -the egg is fertilized by the male, it then remains in the -uterus to develop. If not, it is thrown out, together -with all the preparation made to receive it. The cells -burst and discharge their contents; the mucus, blood, -cells and all come away in what is called the menstrual -flow.</p> - -<p class='c000'>At one time woman was thought to be the only -creature which menstruated. But science now tells us -that all warm blooded animals which walk erect menstruate. -The discharge is chiefly due to the position -which in standing upright, throws the large part of the -uterus higher than the neck. In animals, such as dogs, -cats, etc., the same process goes on, but the position of -these animals keeps the large part of the uterus lower -than the small part, where the blood is retained and then -reabsorbed into the system.</p> - -<p class='c000'>This process goes on every four weeks in girls after -they reach the age of puberty and continues at regular -<span class='pageno' id='Page_31'>31</span>periods as long as the egg is not fertilized until the -reproductive age is over, which is usually between the -forty-fifth and fiftieth year. If, however, the egg is -fertilized the menstrual flow ceases and this blood supply -goes to nourish the new life in the uterus. It does not -appear again until after the birth of the child, and usually -ceases while the child depends upon the milk from -the mammal glands.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The age at which this process (menstruation) first -takes place in girls differs in individuals. Climate has -some effect upon it, for girls in warm or Southern climates -mature earlier than in colder places. In this climate -the average girl reaches puberty at fourteen years of -age. Some have been known to reach it as early as -the eleventh and others not until the eighteenth year, -all in the same place and yet normal and healthy, which -shows there is no reason for anxiety if the girl does not -menstruate at fourteen, provided she is developing -normally and is in good health. During the first few -years after its appearances the periods are likely to be -irregular. This is because the sexual organs are not -fully developed. Often the period does not occur after -the first time for three, five, eight months and sometimes -a year. This irregularity continues for two or -three years. Cases of girls coming from Europe have -been known where the period was perfectly established -over there, but after arriving in this climate the menstrual -flow did not occur again for a year and over. -Usually this irregularity lasts only a few months, and -when once it has become regular, there should be no -worry over its arrival a day or two earlier or later.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The length of time the period lasts differs in women -also. The average length of time is four or five days, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_32'>32</span>yet there are women in which it lasts fully a week, and -others but a few hours. The length of time should not -be of as much concern as the amount of discharge which -is expelled each time. It is, of course, difficult to estimate -this, but physicians claim that more than three -protectives in twenty-four hours should not be used. In -all women the flow is most profuse during the first two -days.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The care of the health should receive more attention -during the first two days than is usually given it. -To the girl who has to work from early morning until -late at night, these two days are unusually hard on her -nerves and on her general health, and I regret that I -have no new message for her to help lighten the burden, -which under the present atrocious industrial system -makes it so hard for her.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Physicians say there should be no need of interrupting -the regular routine of the day at this time more -than any other. There are a few strong women to -whom this period makes no difference, but the average -girl in this country spends two days of pain and discomfort. -Out of 1,000 girls questioned, only 16 per cent. -were entirely free from pain, which proves that the -time has come for women to cease being ashamed of -this function, and insisting upon at least one day's rest -at the expense of her employer. Some of the old biblical -ideas instilling into the man's mind, that a woman is unclean -at this time has been the cause of much hardship -and many sneers endured by a woman during these -periods. The consequence has been that she will bear -the most intense pain rather than allow the men working -with her to suspect that she is menstruating. It is -all nonsense and wrong, and it is time women should -<span class='pageno' id='Page_33'>33</span>band together in one great sisterhood to protect one another -from being slowly drained and exhausted of their -powers of motherhood for the benefit of their exploiters. -Women who belong to unions should demand that -this day be given them and their sisters. Girls continue -to suffer pains in the abdomen and back, pains -running down the limbs, headache, often nausea, besides -being nervous and irritable, yet hang on a strap -in an overcrowded street car, stand or sit all day in the -shop or at the machine and utter no protest. They -know, too, they are not alone in this suffering, for they -see about them day after day hundreds of other women -enduring the same pain, yet they remain silent.</p> - -<p class='c000'>How long will you endure this, working women?</p> - -<p class='c000'>There is one thing to remember, that the greatest -strain comes on the nervous system at this period. One -of the best ways to assist in building up the nerve -strength is in sleep and rest and for the girl who dares -not remain away from the shop fearing to lose her -“job” the next best thing is to get to bed early, for there's -nothing that builds up the exhausted nerves like sleep.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Fortunately, the girl at school has some consideration -shown her at this time, and it is well that this is -so, for until the period becomes established there is -special danger of overdoing in school work, which often -causes St. Vitus dance and other nervous disorders.</p> - -<p class='c000'>I believe in the regular warm tub bath, or cold -sponge followed by a good rubbing all over the body at -this time, together with nine or ten hours' sleep, and -light, nourishing food without stimulant. If the bowels -are active, it often lessens the pain considerably, and it -is very important that every girl attend to this if she has -any regard for her health. There are a few abnormalities -<span class='pageno' id='Page_34'>34</span>of the menstrual function which I will not take the -space to state here. Before leaving the subject, I wish -to impress upon the reader that most abnormalities, -such as too little or too much flow, or very great exhausting -pain are usually caused, not by any disease of -the generative organs, but more often a disturbance of -the general health, which can often be treated and -cured by building up the system.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Every girl should learn the laws of menstruation -and its hygiene and have a full understanding of the -same. The menstrual function occurs only in the female -at puberty, but at the same time there comes to -both boys and girls, or male and female, a mysterious -and impelling influence, which has great power over the -lives of both during the adolescent period unless they -understand and control it. This is known as the Sexual -Impulse.</p> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_35'>35</span> - <h2 id='IV' class='c005'>CHAPTER IV.</h2> -</div> - -<h3 id='IV-I' class='c008'>SEXUAL IMPULSE—PART I.</h3> - -<p class='c009'>The sexual impulse is the strongest force in all living -creatures. It is this that animates the struggle for -existence; it is this that attracts and unites two beings, -that they may reproduce their kind; it is this that inspires -man to the highest and noblest thoughts; it is this -also that inspires man to all endeavors and achievements, -to all art and poetry; this impulse is the creative -instinct which dominates all living things and without -which life must die. If, then, this force, this impulse -plays so strong a part in our lives, is it not necessary -that we know something about it?</p> - -<hr class='c012' /> - -<p class='c000'>At the time of puberty there comes both to boys -and girls, two impulses—one, the desire to touch or -caress; to come in contact with, to write or to speak to, -an individual of the opposite sex. This impulse is much -stronger in girls than in boys. The other is the impulse -that impels the individual to discharge the accumulation -of ripe sex cells, and relieve himself of the nervous tension -which this accumulation produces. This impulse is -stronger in boys than in girls. One writer states that -this is an unconscious desire for relief from physical -congestion, not differing greatly from the sense of relief -which the emptying of the bladder or rectum produces.</p> - -<hr class='c012' /> - -<p class='c000'>These two impulses together, according to Moll, -constitute the Sexual Impulse, and this constitutes the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_36'>36</span>foundation upon which love, the greatest of all emotions, -is based.</p> - -<hr class='c012' /> - -<p class='c000'>At the time of puberty, we learned from the last -article, that the first manifestations of sexual maturity -in the girl is the appearance of the menstrual flow. But -also at puberty there comes the sexual impulse, which -evidences itself during sleep, in a filmy substance dropping -from the mouth of the uterus. This “detumescence” -does not appear very often in young girls, but -later in life when sex instinct becomes stronger it occurs -during sleep, especially in young widows having experienced -sexual relations. They are, however, seldom aware -of its taking place; consequently, it has not the danger -which it presents to the boy.</p> - -<hr class='c012' /> - -<p class='c000'>In the preceding article on puberty, we discussed -only the girl at puberty, but here it is necessary to understand -that during puberty many changes take place in the -boy, such as change of voice, the growth of hair on the -face, various parts of the body, and most important, the -discharge of the sexual fluid commonly known as seminal -emissions. This latter symptom appears in every normal -healthy boy on reaching the age of puberty, but unlike -the menstrual period which occurs at a stated period in -girls, the seminal emissions do not depend upon a special -period; they occur at different times, often twice a -month. Unlike menstruation, which in the girl lasts -from two to seven days, the discharge lasts only a few seconds, -and is not accompanied by pain. This expulsion is -considered perfectly normal, and is not a sign of physical -or sexual weakness, but a sign that a surplus accumulation -of ripe sex cells are present and have come to their -full development and overflow. Nature takes care of -<span class='pageno' id='Page_37'>37</span>this and uses all of this life-giving fluid according to the -needs of the individual, casting off the surplus.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It is this symptom that alarms young boys at puberty. -It is this overflow which enables quack doctors to -play upon the innocent and ignorant boy, telling him that -it is an indication of weakness. And it is also this—as the -result of telling older boys about it—that leads boys to -houses of prostitution; for they are told by their ignorant -advisers that they must have sexual relations or endanger -their sexual capacity.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It is also this overflow which, occurring in sleep -awakens the boy, and he is conscious of what has occurred; -he is conscious also of a pleasurable sensation -which this sense of relief produces, and unless warned -against it he will try at some later time to bring on this -relief by friction or mechanical means, which is known -as masturbation—often called self-abuse. The age of -puberty is one of the periods in an individual's life in -which it is easiest to acquire this habit, in girls as well as -in boys, although the girl may not be conscious of any -sensation, through the accumulation of the “detumescence”. -Yet there is the same nervous tension that exists -in boys, due to congestion of the now fully developed -genital organs, perhaps slighter in intensity, but it is -there and the girl becomes conscious of it.</p> - -<p class='c000'>In talking to older girls about sex, menstruation, -etc., she is often led into the habit of masturbation. -Cases have been known where children formed this habit -in infancy almost, through the ignorance of nurses or -even mothers, who, not aware of the consequences, have -kept babies from crying by gently patting or rubbing the -sexual parts. It may be caused also by uncleanliness, -itching, tight clothing, etc.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_38'>38</span>When the habit is formed in very small children, it -can be exercised in the very presence of the parents, but -they being ignorant of the habit itself, or the consequences, -interpret the actions as “baby ways”. Again, -the habit is formed upon entering school. It is said no -school is free from it; and it is a fact that no institution -today is free from pupils who practice masturbation.</p> - -<p class='c000'>In public schools are found groups of perverted boys -and girls whose depraved ideas sooner or later permeate -the place. A recent issue of a conservative woman's -journal says: “In absolute filth of conversation nothing -could equal the talk of boys and girls during recess -in our schools. What is still worse is that the child is -generally instructed in masturbation, prostitution and -sometimes sexual perversity.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>This subject of masturbation is at present under -discussion from many points of view among the medical -profession; some claiming, that, as with venereal diseases, -we lay too much stress on the matter, and exaggerate -the harm done to the individual by it. One writer -plainly states that it is of such common practice that out -of a hundred young men and women, ninety-nine are addicted -to it, and the hundredth one is lying. Another says -that out of a hundred men and women arriving at the age -of 25, ninety-nine have practiced it at some time.</p> - -<p class='c000'>By these examples such writers would try to prove -that because ninety-nine people out of one hundred are -not in insane asylums the practice cannot be as harmful -as it is stated by others to be.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Let us take a sane and logical view of this subject.</p> - -<p class='c000'>In children, before they have reached the age of puberty, -prior to the development of the sexual organs, it -stands to reason that to abuse these organs before they -<span class='pageno' id='Page_39'>39</span>are strong enough to be exercised must weaken them for -their natural functions. Again, masturbation, unlike the -sexual act, can be practiced individually and at all times -and nearly anywhere. This gives the individual unlimited -opportunity for indulgence, and consequently drains -and exhausts the system of the vitality necessary for full -development.</p> - -<p class='c000'>In the boy or girl past puberty we find one of the -most dangerous forms of masturbation, i. e., mental masturbation, -which consists of forming mental pictures, or -thinking of obscene or voluptuous pictures. This form -is considered especially harmful to the brain, for the habit -becomes so fixed that it is almost impossible to free the -thoughts from lustful pictures. Every girl should guard -against the man who invariably turns a word or sentence -into a lustful, or commonly termed, “smutty” channel, for -nine times out of ten he is a mental masturbator.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Perhaps the greatest physical danger to the chronic -masturbator is the inability to perform the sexual act -naturally. The strong physical irritants which are used -are likely to produce catarrhal disease of these organs in -both sexes, producing such irritating sensations that relief -is demanded, and this can be obtained only by repeating -the habit, and so it continues. The individual -promises himself over and over again after such exercises -to overcome the habit, but his will power gradually becomes -destroyed and the impulse continues. He knows -and intuitively feels such practice degrades him and destroys -his character; he feels he is losing control of himself, -and also realizes that his health, especially his nervous -system is being undermined.</p> - -<p class='c000'>In my personal experience as a trained nurse while -attending persons afflicted with various and often revolting -<span class='pageno' id='Page_40'>40</span>diseases, no matter what their ailments, I never found -any one so repulsive as the chronic masturbator.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It would not be difficult to fill page upon page of -heart-rending confessions made by young girls, whose -lives were blighted by this pernicious habit, always begun -so innocently, for even after they have ceased the habit, -they find themselves incapable of any relief in the natural -act. This causes a nervous and excited condition in -the girl, tossing about nervously for hours after. It is -much more difficult for a girl to overcome the habit than -a man. The effects are more permanent in her.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Before closing this subject, however, I want to tell -of a case of an eight year old boy I attended during an -attack of measles. I found he was shy and unresponsive, -and at times very nervous and irritable with a strong -liking to be alone. I observed him closely for a few -days and reported the results of my observation to the -attending physician. He was convinced of the truth, -that the little fellow was masturbating. The physician -assigned me to the task of talking to the child, who -acknowledged that he was “touching” himself and had -been ever since he could remember. The little fellow's -mother had died when he was in infancy, leaving beside -himself a brother a year older with whom he slept. I -explained to him the danger as well as I could and the -result was that I was awakened in the night by whisperings -and found the little fellow asking the older -brother to tie his hands to the bedpost. This the older -brother did with a handkerchief, and the child went to -sleep in this way every night during the few weeks I -was attending him. The first few nights he was awake -practically all of the time struggling to overcome this -habit, which he finally overcame completely.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_41'>41</span>At puberty every boy and girl should be taught these -dangers and temptations and also how to avoid them, by -keeping active, mentally and physically, going to bed -only when sleepy, avoiding intoxicating drinks and stimulants.</p> - -<p class='c000'>We have strayed some distance, I know, from the -beginning of our subject—Sexual Impulse—to treat of its -perversion (masturbation), but we shall now take up the -normal natural impulse and see what there is that every -girl should know.</p> - -<h3 id='IV-II' class='c008'>SEXUAL IMPULSE—PART II.</h3> - -<p class='c009'>In the first part of this article we learned that the -sexual impulse is a combination of the two impulses: -the one which impels the discharge of ripe sex cells, -strongest in the boy, and the other which impels the individual -to touch or caress an individual of the opposite -sex, strongest in the girl.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Every girl has in mind an ideal man. This ideal -begins to form sometime in the early adolescent age. He -is usually distinct in her mind as to his physical qualities, -such as dark or light hair, or brown or blue eyes. He -is always a certain physical type and often remains an -ideal to her through life. At the forming period of the -type she will be attracted toward many men who seem -to answer the ideal type, but as she reads and develops -through the various stages of the adolescent period, the -ideal changes and grows with her. As she reaches the -romantic stage the ideal must be brave, daring, courteous. -If she is inclined toward outdoor sports he must be -athletic. And so it goes on until the twenty-third year, -when the average girl has a fairly settled idea of the man -who would suit her as a mate through life.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_42'>42</span>When the sexual impulse makes itself felt strongly -in the adolescent boy or girl, they, feeling satisfied with -the physical beauty and perfection of the other, marry, -they are unconscious that the incentive to love -when based on physical attraction alone is soon destroyed. -For sickness, poverty or disease will affect even the most -seemingly perfect physical attraction.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Let us not confuse the sexual impulse with love, -for it alone is not love, but merely a necessary quality -for the growth of love.</p> - -<p class='c000'>No sexual attraction or impulse is the foundation -of the beautiful emotion of love. Upon this is built respect, -self-control, sympathy, unity of purpose, many -common tastes and desires, building up and up until this -real love unites two individuals as one being, one life. -Then it becomes the strongest and purest emotion of -which the human soul is capable. There is no doubt -that the natural aim of the sexual impulse is -the sexual act, yet when the impulse is strongest -and followed by the sexual act without love -or any of the relative instincts which go to make -up love, the relations are invariably followed by a feeling -of disgust. Respect for each other and for one's self is a -primary essential to this intimate relation.</p> - -<p class='c000'>In plant and animal life the reproductive cell of the -male is the active seeker of the passive female cell, imbued -with the instinct to chase and bodily capture the -female cell for the purpose of reproduction.</p> - -<p class='c000'>This instinct man, as he is today, has inherited, and, -as with the lower forms of life, the senses are intensely -involved. It is kept alive by the sense of sight, sound -and smell, and reaches its highest development through -the sense of touch. It is heightened by touching smooth -<span class='pageno' id='Page_43'>43</span>and soft surfaces—which is said to account for the pleasure -of kissing.</p> - -<p class='c000'>In the early part of this article I spoke of the desire -to touch being stronger in girls than in boys. This -desire leads a girl to kiss and fondle a man without any -conscious desire for the sexual act; whereas in the man, -to be touched and caressed by the girl for whom he has -a sexual attraction, stimulates the accumulation of sex -cells, and the desire for the sexual act becomes paramount -in his mind. Many a young girl bubbling over -with the joy of living, innocent of any serious consequences, -is oft-times misjudged by men on account of -these natural actions. But she soon puts on her armor -of defense, and stifles and represses any outbursts of -affection.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Society, too, condemns the natural expression of woman's -emotion, save under certain prescribed conditions. -In consequence of this, women suppress their natural -desires and direct this great force into other channels, -participating in the bigger and broader movements and -activities in which they are active today.</p> - -<p class='c000'>This is one reason why the type of the so-called -“old maid”, so characteristic of the generation past, has -disappeared. These great maternal powers are being -used up in the activities of modern life. Instead of allowing -it to remain dormant and make her odd and -whimsical, the modern woman turns her sexual impulse -into a big directing force.</p> - -<p class='c000'>That the male creature is the pursuer of the female -in all forms of life, there is no question, but that the -female has the choice of selection and uses fine discrimination -in her choice, cannot be denied either. This instinct -of selection seems to lie dormant in women of -<span class='pageno' id='Page_44'>44</span>today, for at puberty nature calls to every girl to make a -selection suitable to her nature. Yet few girls follow this -instinct on account of the specter of economic insecurity -which looms up before them. Instead of asking themselves: -“Are we mateable and sympathetic?” they ask: -“Shall we have enough food, clothing and shelter?”</p> - -<p class='c000'>Indeed, girls, this system increases our degradation, -and places us in ideals lower than the animals. All over -the civilized world today girls are being given and taken -in marriage with but one purpose in view: to be well-supported -by the man who takes her. She does not concern -herself with the man's physical condition; his hereditary -taints, the cleanliness of his mind or past life, nor -with the future of the race.</p> - -<p class='c000'>There will no doubt be a great change in woman's -attitude on this subject in the next few years. When -women gain their economic freedom they will cease being -playthings and utilities for men, but will assert themselves -and choose the father of their offspring. As Bernard -Shaw tells of her in one of his greatest plays, she -will hunt down her ideal in order to produce the Superman.</p> - -<hr class='c012' /> - -<p class='c000'>There seems to be a general tendency on the part -of the woman who is demanding political freedom, to -demand sexual freedom also. When a girl reaches the -age nearing thirty her natural development tends toward -sexual freedom. It seems as though nature, knowing -the time of reproduction is drawing to a close, calls with -all the fury of her strength to complete its development -and procreate.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It is at this age where physicians claim a woman -awakens to the sexual desire, and it is at this age that women -<span class='pageno' id='Page_45'>45</span>seek affection, or gratification with a “lover.” To -her there is nothing to say; she is mature, developed and -can judge for herself where best her happiness lies.</p> - -<p class='c000'>But to the young girl at the age of say twenty, or -even younger, immature, mentally undeveloped, there is -something she should know, and that is that every physical -impulse, every sensual feeling, every lustful desire -will come to her whitewashed with the sacred word -“Love”.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Neither the boy nor the girl knows the difference -between the sexual impulse and love. A boy meets a girl -he feels a great attraction for her, he feels the sexual impulse -throbbing within him, he is full of this life-giving -current, he feels it throughout his being; he walks lighter -and straighter, he feels it in his voice, in his laughter; -he grows tenderer within himself, and to women. He -feels all this and is sure it is a love that will never die. -If there is an attraction on the girl's part there is no difficulty -in persuading her that this feeling is love.</p> - -<p class='c000'>But it is not love; it is the creative force or sexual -impulse scattered through his being and the sexual act -brings it to a focus.</p> - -<p class='c000'>If motherhood comes to the girl through this relation, -she has developed and the experience has enriched -her life. But today the girl has an idea she has escaped -the greatest disgrace when she has avoided motherhood. -If the relation was based on physical attraction alone, a -few abortions and the monotony of every day life soon -remove this, and the man goes elsewhere in search of this -wonderful sensation which he felt at first, but did not -know how to keep or how to use.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The girl, however, has become a new being, sexually -awakened and conscious of it, but ignorant of the use -<span class='pageno' id='Page_46'>46</span>of the forces she possesses, she plunges forth blindly, with -social and economic forces against her, and prostitution -beckoning at every turn. So she soon passes with the -crowd on the road to the Easiest Way. This is the story -of thousands of young girls living in prostitution.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Women should know that the creative instinct does -not need to be expended entirely on the propagation of -the race. Though the sex cells are placed in a part of -the anatomy for the essential purpose of easily expelling -them into the female for the purpose of reproduction, -there are other elements in the sexual fluid which are -the essence of blood, nerve, brain and muscle. When -redirected into the building and strengthening of -these, we find men or women of the greatest -endurance and greatest magnetic power. A girl -can waste her creative powers by brooding over -a love affair to the extent of exhausting her -system, with results not unlike the effects of masturbation -and debauchery.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The sexual impulse is natural. It is natural in animals, -degenerates, and in man. But in man it is mixed -with other essentials which, together, are termed love. -These essentials are derived from man's power of reasoning -by which he is known as a higher species and -through which he differs from the animals.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When man emerged from the jungle and stood upright -on his hind legs, the shape of his head and his face -changed from the long jaw and flat head of the animal to -the flat face and high head of the man. All progress from -that time forward was made along mental lines. According -to universal law then in existence he should have -been limited to a geographical area and killed by the -extreme heat or cold or starved for one kind of food if -<span class='pageno' id='Page_47'>47</span>it were not obtained, but against all these he fought, because -he became endowed with such attributes as reason, -knowledge and will-power. Instead of using his creative -powers solely in hunting food and reproducing his -species, he used this force in making plans for his self-preservation. -He built rafts and boats to cross rivers -and streams; he devised methods of clothing himself -against extreme heat and cold and discovered various -ways of preparing food for different climates suitable -for his various needs. In other words he conserved his -creative force and redirected it into its channels -which have resulted in giving him precedence over -all other living creatures. For man has developed -a conscious mind which asserts itself by reasoning, -which in turn has developed his brain power.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It is said a fish as large as a man has a brain no -larger than the kernel of an almond. In all fish and -reptiles where there is no great brain development, -there is also no conscious sexual control. The lower -down in the scale of human development we go the less -sexual control we find. It is said the aboriginal Australian, -the lowest known species of the human family, -just a step higher than the chimpanzee in brain development, -has so little sexual control that police authority -alone prevents him from obtaining sexual satisfaction -on the streets. According to one writer, the rapist has -just enough brain development to raise him above the -animal, but like the animal, when in heat, knows no law -except nature, which impels him to procreate, whatever -the result. Every normal man and woman has the -power to control and direct his sexual impulse. Men and -women who have it in control and constantly use their -brain cells thinking deeply, are never sensual.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_48'>48</span>It is well to understand that the natural aim of the -sexual impulse is the sexual act and the natural aim of -the sexual act is reproduction, though it does not always -result in this. It is possible for conception to take place -without love, it is even possible that there is no conscious -knowledge to procreate before or during the act, yet -this does not disprove the fact that nature has designed -it for the purpose of reproduction, no matter what uses -man has put it to today. This subject of procreation -we shall discuss next.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Every girl should know that to hold in check the -sexual impulse, to absorb this power into the system -until there is a freely conscious sympathy, a confidence -and respect between her and her ideal, that this will go -toward building up the sexual impulse and will make the -purest, strongest and most sacred passion of adult life, -compared to which all other passions pale into insignificance.</p> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_49'>49</span> - <h2 id='V' class='c005'>CHAPTER V.</h2> -</div> - -<h3 id='V-I' class='c008'>REPRODUCTION—PART I.</h3> - -<p class='c009'>In teaching children or young persons the process of -reproduction one of the cleanest, most natural and beautiful -methods of doing this is to tell them the process -which goes on in the various forms of life in the flower, -fish, frog, bird and to lead up to the highest and most -complex of all living creatures—man.</p> - -<p class='c000'>They watch the butterfly and bee carry a load of -pollen from the father buttercup to fertilize the seeds -within the mother flower. They watch Mr. and Mrs. -Frog awaken from their long winter nap, and stirred -by the life-giving impulse within them, start for the -breeding pond. They watch Father Thrush win his -mate and patiently stand guard over her during the -tedious hatching days. They are told and see that the -flowers depend upon outside forces to bring the pollen -from the male to the female to fertilize the seeds before -the seeds could grow. They are taught that the mother -fish lay her eggs in the water first and that the father -fish, unlike the flowers, being able to move about, carries -the pollen (which is now a fluid) to the seeds himself. -They are told that Father Frog, being a higher -creature, fertilized the eggs before they reached the -water, and Father Thrush being still higher in the scale -fertilized the eggs before they left the mother's body. -That the higher the species was, the greater the care -required to preserve that species.</p> - -<p class='c000'>In this way the mind is prepared for the information -which should follow.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_50'>50</span>The girl at puberty should be taught this process -and something of what goes on within the womb after -the ovum has been fertilized. She should know that all -organic life is the result of a simple cell; that man is a -community of cells, banded together and depending -upon each cell to carry on its work, for the benefit of the -whole.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Let us first, then, get an idea of a cell and what it -is and what it does. A cell is a tiny portion of living -matter having in its center a spot or nucleus which represents -the point of germination; it is separated from its -sister cells by partitions of cell membrane.</p> - -<p class='c000'>A simple cell is formed by the fusion of two germ -cells when they meet to exchange nuclear elements. -After this fusion they are able to proceed with fission, -which means splitting into parts, and it is the subsequent -cellular growth of the fused germ-cell that constitutes -reproduction.</p> - -<p class='c000'>There are two kinds of reproductive cells, the ova -in the female and the spermatozoa in the male.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When the sexual act takes place, there is deposited -into the vagina a secretion known as semen. According -to Sutkowsky, each deposit or ejaculation contains 50,000,000 -of spermatozoa.</p> - -<p class='c000'>About the same time in the act there occurs in the -female, spasmodic contractions of the muscles of the -uterus which draws in a small amount of the sperm -which the male has left there.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The sperm cell of the male under the microscope -shows that it contains both head and tail.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The tail enables it to move and advance with a tadpole-like -motion toward the ovum.</p> - -<p class='c000'>As in the lower forms of life, the male cell has -<span class='pageno' id='Page_51'>51</span>within it the instinct to chase and capture the female -cell. Consequently, it does not depend upon the uterine -contractions of the female to enable it to reach the ovum -for fertilization. The vagina being a corrugated or -wrinkled tube, hides and secretes the sperm cell for days, -unless it is removed with water or killed by poisonous -injections.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When, however, the sperm comes near the ovum -it is drawn to it as to a magnet.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The ovum being carefully protected by nature within -the ovaries, leaves its sister cells and travels alone. -The sperm cell, however, having more dangerous paths -to travel, must provide against the uncertainty of doing -its great work by going in numbers, though it takes but -one single cell to produce human life.</p> - -<p class='c000'>A number of the male cells go to meet the ovum, -but only one enters it. Almost at the moment the head -enters the ovum it becomes completely absorbed by the -ovum and all trace of it is lost.</p> - -<p class='c000'>This union of the two cells is called fertilization, -fecundation, impregnation, or conception. Any of these -terms may be used. This union usually takes place in -the tube, but the fertilized egg does not remain there; -it wanders along and finds its way into the uterus.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Now that the ovum has been fertilized, it readily -becomes attached to the soft lining of the uterus which -has been specially prepared to receive it. No menstruation -occurs. The woman is now pregnant. A new being -is created, and marvelous changes will now take place -within the tiny cell clinging so weakly to the lining -of the uterus. At this time the ovum is so small it can -scarcely be seen by the naked eye, but in two weeks it -<span class='pageno' id='Page_52'>52</span>has grown to the size of a pea; in four weeks to the -size of a walnut, and in eight weeks to the size of a lemon. -At this time it is three inches long and is completely -formed, the head being much larger in proportion to the -rest of its body. What has happened to the ovum in -these few weeks is briefly this: All the changes in the -evolution of the animal kingdom, that man had to pass -through to arrive at his present shape, the human embryo -goes through step by step within the uterus in a -very short period. Immediately after fertilization the -ovum begins to divide into sections or lobes, into 2, 4, 8, -16, 32, etc. cells until they are almost countless. Each -cell splits in the middle of the nucleus, forming two complete -new cells and so on.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The next stage is represented by this mass of cells -forming themselves into a shape like a hollow ball. -The third stage is the meeting of the two layers of cells, -as if the ball had collapsed, and these two layers meet -and unite as one, stretch and flatten out like a worm. -After this stage things become more complicated; new -organs begin to develop, line marks for the backbone -and intestinal canal show themselves, as do the bony and -muscular structure of the skeleton.</p> - -<p class='c000'>A slight pulsation is observed, showing the development -of the heart. The head fold is formed by a gradual -bending of the spinal column at the front end of the -ovum, which we will now call the embryo. There are -also formed at this time, processes which soon become -arms and legs, there is a furrow on the face, pits for the -eyes; all of which has happened in less than four weeks.</p> - -<p class='c000'>From this time forward development is rapid; the -bones, which up to this time have been soft matter, -grow harder, and all organs which were only outlined,</p> - -<div class='figcenter id004'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_53'>53</span> -<img src='images/i_053.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic003'> -<p>FIG. II.<br /><br />Foetus in the Uterus at two months' pregnancy.</p> -</div> -</div> -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_55'>55</span>now become definitely formed. At the end of the -fourth month it has grown to its natural shape. The -remaining months it increases in size and gains strength. -The uterus becomes enlarged, rises out of the pelvis -and occupies the abdominal cavity. It takes forty -weeks or 280 days to complete the growth of the human -embryo, although the time may be two weeks more or -less and yet be normal.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Let us see how the child has been fed all this time. -When the ovum is fertilized and up to the eighth week -it is fed by delicate branched threads, which form a -covering for it. These threads are called “villi”, and dip -into the uterine surface for nourishment from the mother -to supply the embryo.</p> - -<p class='c000'>About the eighth week these “villi” have grown -greatly intertwined into a mass of spongy tissue full of -blood vessels called the placenta (afterbirth). This fastens -itself to one side of the uterus, takes oxygen as well -as nutriment from the mother and sends it through the -umbilical cord to the child, the point of attachment being -at the navel, the depression left on the belly of the -child by the cutting of the umbilical cord at birth. In -the same way it takes the waste product from the child -to the mother, and she, in turn, throws them out of her -system through the kidneys, bowels and skin. The child -and placenta are both encased within a membraneous sac, -which secretes and serves to hold a watery fluid in which -the child swims.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The child is folded together with legs on the thighs -and thighs on the belly, arms on the chest and head -bent forward over the breast. Toward the end of the -term it moves about slightly, often stretches a little, and -has periods of rest when it scarcely moves, and again -<span class='pageno' id='Page_56'>56</span>periods of great activity. A mother first feels the child -move in the fourth or fifth month. Often the young -mother at this time begins to worry over her acts lest -something she should do might deform the precious -charge she carries. This, as you can readily understand -from its early development, is impossible, for by the -end of the second month the child has been formed, and -no mental impressions of the mother can alter its shape. -Just as the nucleus of the male sperm has within it all -the contributions which the father of the child can give -it, until after it is born, so does the mother give it its -physical qualities right at the beginning.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Whatever is to be inherited from the father must -be within the substance of the spermatozoon at the time -the ovum is fertilized. He has no further pre-natal influence -over it.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It is interesting to observe that the children of so-called -great men are seldom above the average in intelligence, -where, on the other hand, almost all men of -great minds have had intelligent mothers.</p> - -<p class='c000'>How great or how little influence a mother has over -her child through her thoughts has not been proven, nor -has the subject of determining or influencing sex of the -unborn child been settled.</p> - -<p class='c000'>At the end of nine months the child's development -is complete and it is ready for its journey to the outside -world. The process of this journey is called “labor”—a -word which will describe the mother's share in it. -When this occurs before the embryo is able to live -outside the uterus it is known as abortion.</p> - -<h3 id='V-II' class='c008'>REPRODUCTION—PART II.</h3> - -<p class='c009'>In the first part of this essay I said that if the process -<span class='pageno' id='Page_57'>57</span>of labor occurs before the seventh month (which is the -earliest time the foetus can live for any length of time outside -the womb) it is known as abortion or miscarriage. -When labor occurs later than this or within two weeks -before term, it is known as premature labor.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The average girl in using the word abortion, has in -mind a criminal act, whereby the process of pregnancy is -purposely interrupted. She prefers the word miscarriage.</p> - -<p class='c000'>There is also a belief among girls that a miscarriage -occurring in the early stages of pregnancy can be brought -about without bad results or any serious consequences -to her health.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It is a mistake to regard an abortion as of slight importance, -for any interruption in the process of pregnancy -is always more dangerous than the natural labor at full -term. One writer claims there are more women ill in -consequence of abortion than from full term childbirth, on -account of which there are so many women who are -semi-invalids.</p> - -<p class='c000'>There can be no doubt that the often excessive loss -of blood leaves the woman in a weak and rundown condition, -thereby lessening her powers of resistance to other -diseases.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The shock to the woman's system is greater than that -produced by natural labor, and consequently leaves her -in a hysterical and often critically nervous state for some -time after.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The causes of abortion are many. Among them are -overexertion, overexcitement, shock, fright, fall, great -anger, dancing, fatigue, lifting heavy weights, purgative -medicines and excessive sexual intercourse.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The dangers resulting from abortion are blood -poison, hemorrhage—even lockjaw has been known to be -<span class='pageno' id='Page_58'>58</span>the result of abortion, also the danger that one miscarriage -is likely to follow another, and disables a woman -to carry a child to the full term.</p> - -<p class='c000'>If there is the same care and treatment given the -woman who aborts as the woman in childbirth, she will -naturally be less likely to suffer serious results than if no -medical attention were given her.</p> - -<p class='c000'>One of the most common disturbances of pregnancy -is nausea, more commonly called “morning sickness,” -because it is felt in the morning when the woman first -assumes the erect position. As a rule, this lasts only -during the early months.</p> - -<p class='c000'>About the latter part of the fourth month, or often -not before the fifth month, movements of the foetus are -felt. These movements are called “life”, and women are -glad of this signal that all is progressing naturally. One -writer said a woman had described the first feeling of -life as “the trembling movements of a bird within the -hand.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>There are often many nervous manifestations accompanying -the pregnant woman, such as headache, -neuralgia, toothache and as a usual thing, constipation is -always present, and should receive attention. The -teeth also should receive attention at this time for they -decay easily on account of the secretions in the mouth -which are increased during pregnancy.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The breasts enlarge in the early months of pregnancy, -and there is a fullness and tingling felt often in the -fifth week. The nipples become erect and the skin -around the nipple becomes dark brown. These are only -a few of the disturbances of pregnancy, but enough to -show that other organs beside the uterus are tested in -strength and how important it is to have a good healthy -<span class='pageno' id='Page_59'>59</span>body. In fact, every tissue and fiber in the woman's -body feels the impetus of pregnancy, and all kinds of physical -changes occur. Like in June, “Every clod feels a -stir of might, an instinct within it that reaches and -towers.”—Howell.</p> - -<p class='c000'>One of the common questions asked by young women -in early married life is how to tell if they are -pregnant.</p> - -<p class='c000'>This is not always easy, but there are a few points -on which a diagnosis is based, namely: in a healthy woman -(during the reproductive age) the function of menstruation -stops, together with the morning sickness, and -the enlargement of the breasts with dark color around the -nipples. These are early indications that pregnancy -exists. I am not going to take the time nor space to -explain that all three of the above named can exist in nervous -women, even when pregnancy does not exist. It is, -as I said before, with the average healthy girl I am dealing, -not with the exception. The only certain signs of -pregnancy are the hearing of the heart-beats of the child -and its movements.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Another question which troubles a young woman is -how to count the time when she will be confined. This, -too, is difficult to say, for an error of two weeks earlier or -later is possible, because the time of conception is seldom -definitely known. Experience has given a method of -arriving at an approximate date which is used and which -answers the purpose fairly well, though it is by no means -perfect. Add seven days to the first day of the last -menstruation and count nine months forward. For example: -Mrs. A. menstruated last, beginning October 5 -add seven days; this brings the date to October 12; add -nine months, which brings the date of confinement to July -<span class='pageno' id='Page_60'>60</span>12. It is well to have everything prepared two weeks -before this date so that the woman can be as much as -possible in the open air during the remaining waiting -days.</p> - -<hr class='c012' /> - -<p class='c000'>The dress of the pregnant woman should receive -serious attention. In the first place, it should be simple -and warm, without bands restricting the circulation of -any part of the body, like skirt bands, round garters, -corsets and tight shoes. The secret of a comfortable -outfit for the expectant mother is to have all clothing -hang from the shoulders. Combination underwear can -be bought as reasonably as the separate drawers and -shirt. There should be no pressure on the womb from -above, rather let all support come from below. The -corset gets in its harmful work by pressing down the -uterus into the pelvis, thus displacing the abdominal -organs and crowding them together in such a way as to -cause injury to the uterus as well as to the child itself. -The muscles of the uterus and abdomen are weakened and -from this results that horror of all women: the “high -stomach.” Some women, especially those having borne -children, prefer to wear in the latter days of pregnancy -an abdominal supporter. If it is well fitted to the body -it helps to assist the abdominal muscles in carrying the -weight and affords great relief. If women would devote -to making themselves comfortable during pregnancy as -much time as they give on the baby's outfit, they would -profit by it. Instead of wearing any old worn-out dress, -ill-fitting and out of style, make one “maternity” dress -to fit the figure. This can, of course, be let out in size -as the figure grows. It can be made of some pretty, inexpensive -material and gives such comfort and ease to -<span class='pageno' id='Page_61'>61</span>the mind as well as to the body that the woman who has -once had one will never again do without it.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The food also should be simple. In fact, there are -few restrictions to be placed on food unless so ordered -by the physician. One common mistake of women is -that they believe they are eating for two persons, and -consequently, must gorge themselves, which, of course, -results in indigestion. Physicians advise a small amount -of meat once a day. Plenty of water, milk and cereals, -fruit, vegetables and especially fruit, which loosens the -bowels. Rich pastry or starches fried in fat should not be -eaten, because they are hard to digest. There is no -reason why the diet should be at all strict unless a -woman is under the special care of a physician. She -should take a moderate amount of exercise every day, -but should not get tired. Walking in the open air in the -sunlight is best. Avoid dancing, swimming and all violent -exercise; sewing on the sewing machine should be -restricted. Fainting in the early months is often caused -from bad air in overcrowded and overheated rooms, also -from an empty stomach when the woman is too busy to -notice nature's call for nourishment.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It is now generally agreed that alcohol taken by -the mother during pregnancy, has very bad effects on the -offspring.</p> - -<p class='c000'>There is little more to be said here except that a pregnant -woman should be mentally and physically active, -though not fatigued. And of all things she should keep -out of the hearing of old superstitions, which have a sign -for every act and keep a young woman constantly worried. -She should not be allowed to worry over her approaching -labor, and as far as possible be kept cheerful -and happy. Another question which concerns every -<span class='pageno' id='Page_62'>62</span>expectant mother, is, if there is any danger in sexual -intercourse during pregnancy.</p> - -<p class='c000'>At the end of the period the child and the placenta -are expelled from the uterus. The uterus gradually returns -to its former size. It requires about six weeks -for this to occur and it is very important that there -should be no heavy lifting and overwork at this time. -As a rule after childbirth, the woman's form becomes -matured and more developed. The facial expression -takes on a kinder, a maternal look, the whole nervous -system is awakened to sympathy, pain or grief bringing -tears to the eyes quicker than ever before. Especially -is this true for the first few years following.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The important thing is that the care of the pregnant -woman should be begun in girlhood. If we are going -to be and have mothers, then we should give attention -to the development of the organs which make us -mothers.</p> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_63'>63</span> - <h2 id='VI' class='c005'>CHAPTER VI.</h2> -</div> -<h3 id='VI-I' class='c008'>SOME CONSEQUENCES OF IGNORANCE AND SILENCE.—PART I.</h3> - -<p class='c009'>When the boy arrives at the age of puberty, he is in -greater danger than a girl of being not only led astray -by companions, but being actually sent into unclean -living by those nearest and most interested in his welfare—HIS -PARENTS.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The reason of this is that there has been and still -is a false idea clinging to many parents that as soon as -the boy has seminal emissions, it is a signal that he must -have sexual relations or suffer in health.</p> - -<p class='c000'>That the seminal emissions are not harmful and that -they grow less frequent as the boy grows older is a fact -of which few mothers seem to be aware.</p> - -<p class='c000'>We cannot blame the mothers of the past for not -informing their sons of this physical condition, for few -of them knew it themselves. Mothers have been as ignorant -as the boys of their sex functions as well as -other functions of the body.</p> - -<p class='c000'>They accepted sickness, disease, and even death -without a question, placing their faith and confidence -entirely in the hands of the medical profession, who, -like the rabbis and high priests, made a church of their -knowledge.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Fortunately this condition of affairs is changing, -and the knowledge of the human body, which for ages -has been most carefully locked within the medical -<span class='pageno' id='Page_64'>64</span>libraries, is fast taking up its abode in the homes of the -people—where it belongs.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It is said that in Japan or China, the duty of a physician -is to keep his patients in good health, receiving -payment only when they are well.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Certainly this sounds like civilization.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Only a few weeks ago I had occasion to talk to a -woman about her oldest son, whom I considered sick -from overwork and lack of nourishment. She informed -me, however, that this was not so, and whispered confidently -that he was 16 years old and “in that age when -he needs a woman.” She further remarked that she and -“the papa” had talked it over with the result that the -father had told the boy, when he had “the desire for a -woman,” that he, the father, “would give him money -enough to get one.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>Think of that boy's attitude toward women, and -the danger to become affected with venereal diseases -that he was likely to contract. Yet both parents had -the sincerest wish to do their best for that boy; they -gave the best advice they knew.</p> - -<p class='c000'>One of the most common errors I have found -among people, even those educated in other lines of -thought, is that the sexual organs will become useless -unless they are used in early manhood. This is considered -untrue by the best authorities on the subject, for it -is known that the essential organs of reproduction are -glands, not unlike the tear glands of the eyes or the -milk glands of the breasts. The tear glands do not -atrophy even if one does not cry for years, nor the -milk glands during the entire period of reproduction. -The same can be said of the sexual glands.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Another idea which is fast being uprooted is that the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_65'>65</span>sexual act is an appetite, not unlike that of hunger and -thirst, which must be fed by the boy sowing his “wild -oats” first before settling down to marriage. It is now -a recognized fact that it is no more necessary for a boy -to “sow wild oats” than it is for a girl, and women are -today demanding of men the same cleanliness of body -and mind which men have heretofore considered necessary -only in women.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It is now the unreserved opinion of the foremost -medical men of the day that a man does not suffer in -health from living a continent life, nor is he a “mollycoddle” -from so doing.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Hutchinson says: “The belief that the exercise of -the sex functions is necessary to the health of the male -at any age is a pure delusion, while before full maturity -it is highly injurious.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>Ruggles says: “Sexual abstinence is compatible with -perfect health and tends to increase virility (which means -manhood) through the reabsorption of the semen.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>The ancient Teutons were aware of this, for it is -said that it was considered a most shameful thing for -their young men to have sexual relations with a woman -before their twenty-sixth year. From observation and experience -they were convinced that men were not sexually -mature much before this age, and no one will dispute -they were strong and manly.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Statistics show that 65 per cent. of men infected -with venereal diseases (which means diseases due -to sexual intercourse) are contracted between the ages -of 15 and 21 years; and 25 per cent. are contracted in -the 21st and 23rd years.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Writers claim that from statistics they have found -men are not sexually mature before the twenty-fifth -<span class='pageno' id='Page_66'>66</span>year and women not before the twentieth year. Yet -we find them both reeking with sexual diseases before -this age.</p> - -<p class='c000'>According to Sanger's “History of Prostitution,” it -is claimed that three-eighths of the prostitutes enter -the life before the twentieth year in New York City. It -is safe to say this is a conservative estimate, for the more -recent investigations in Chicago and other cities show a -very much higher percentage. However, this, together -with the statistics of venereal diseases mentioned above, -show that it is before the boy and girl are sexually mature -that there is the greatest difficulty in directing the -impulses and controlling the passions.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Chassaignac says that the more healthy and normal -an individual is, the better can he not only control his -passions, but the less likely is he to be disturbed by continence.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Just one more word on the subject of continence, -and that is that it is not at all unusual to find men determined -to remain continent until they find their ideal -woman. Nor for athletes in training engaged in contests, -nor for sailors on long sea voyages, and many -others for long periods of time is continence impossible; -in fact, they are better for it.</p> - -<p class='c000'>This knowledge was not lost sight of in ancient times.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Reference is made to it in the Bible, in the sending -of women prostitutes into the camps of the enemy the -night before an expected battle, in order to exhaust or -decrease the vitality of the soldiers.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When one finds an individual who realizes the force -of the sexual impulses and knows how to conserve them, -you usually find a person who does not drain or exhaust -these forces, but uses them in creative work.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_67'>67</span>Every girl should look upon the man who indulges -freely in the sexual relations <strong>without Social responsibility</strong>, -as a prostitute far more degraded than the unfortunate -girl who is compelled to sell her body to sustain -life.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Every girl should know something about the physical -makeup of a boy as well as of her own, for upon the -well-being of both does the future race depend. To be -a real mother a woman must understand a boy's emotions -and development, if she would sympathize with him. -And when she does understand, she will not send him -to buy a woman for physical satisfaction.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It is this ignorance of parents, together with the -silence of the medical profession, which is largely responsible -for the terrible spread of venereal diseases which -exist today.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When a few years ago Dr. Morrow stated that there -is more venereal diseases among innocent, virtuous wives, -than among prostitutes, this statement should have resounded -throughout the walls of every home in the land, -instead of which it is kept intact within the covers of -large volumes, where only those wearing cap and gown -have access to it.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It is claimed that out of 1,000 married men in New -York 800 have gonorrhoea, and 90 per cent. of these -have not been cured and can infect their wives. The -result is that at least three out of every five married -women in New York have gonorrhoea.</p> - -<p class='c000'>This seems astounding and exaggerated, but the following -quotation is taken from an authority and is considered -quite conservative: “Over 90 per cent. of our -young men stray from the path of virtue before marriage; -60 per cent. contract venereal diseases which are -<span class='pageno' id='Page_68'>68</span>difficult to cure; more wives than prostitutes have venereal -diseases; one-eighth of all diseases in New York -hospitals are venereal; 20,000 infected persons walk the -streets daily.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>It seems to me that the above facts are sufficient -to warrant every girl and boy knowing something about -these diseases.</p> - -<h3 id='VI-II' class='c008'>SOME CONSEQUENCES OF IGNORANCE AND SILENCE.—PART II.</h3> - -<p class='c009'>The two venereal diseases which I will tell you something -of here are those most commonly known to all—gonorrhoea -and syphilis.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Gonorrhoea is an inflammation of the urethra (water -passage) characterized by redness, swelling, smarting -pain on the passing of water, and accompanied by thick -purulent (poisonous) discharge, at first creamy in color, -and later a greenish yellow. It is considered by the -highest authorities as solely a sexual disease in adults, -depending almost exclusively upon sexual intercourse -as its mode of origin and infection. In children, however, -it is not the rule, especially in infants and little -girls, who can be infected by the hands of the mother -or nurse being soiled with the discharge, also where the -fresh discharge is on towels, toilets, etc. It starts an -inflammation of the outer delicate parts but seldom -enters the urethra.</p> - -<p class='c000'>In former days gonorrhoea was considered an ordinary -catarrhal inflammation, “no worse than a bad -cold,” the old saying went. It was thought to originate -in women with the discharge at the end of the menstrual -period, or leucorrhoea; in fact any secretions from the -uterus, of an irritating character, were thought to be -<span class='pageno' id='Page_69'>69</span>sources of gonorrhoea. However, with the discovery of -the microbe “gonococcus”, in 1879, by Dr. Neisser, it -is now an established fact that the disease comes from -a source where there is either latent or chronic gonorrhoea, -which, of course, means that the gonococcus is -present. It is considered a conservative estimate that -at least 50 per cent. of the adult population in this country -have suffered from gonococcal infection. More men -than women have been and are infected.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The first symptoms of the disease appear from three -to seven days after infection, and under proper treatment -the discharge may disappear in six or eight weeks.</p> - -<p class='c000'>If the man or woman places himself under the care -of a specialist within forty-eight hours after infection, -the disease is often of much shorter duration. When -allowed to become chronic, it is called gleet. Too much -emphasis cannot be put upon the danger of placing any -one with this disease into the hands of the doctors who -advertise so conspicuously, claiming rapid and complete -cures for all sexual diseases. Experience has found that -thousands of boys and young men, attracted by such alluring -promises as only the quack can put forth, have -been under such treatment, only to find later that the -disease was allowed to remain in the tissues, the discharge -only having been dried up. The germs were -allowed to continue their work on up into the bladder, -kidneys, joints, heart and even to the brain. The germs -can live for years in the body hidden away in the gland -ducts, the mucous membrane of the organ first attacked -being in a normal state, yet when a condition arises when -the vitality of the tissues in which the germs are lodged -is lowered, or which gives the germs themselves more -<span class='pageno' id='Page_70'>70</span>nourishment or stimulus, such as alcohol or excessive -intercourse, they almost always become active again.</p> - -<p class='c000'>In women the small part of the womb (cervix), as -well as the urethra, are favorite places of attack. When -the disease attacks the cervix a woman may not be conscious -of it, and so, unless prominent symptoms attend -it, she may infect many persons in the meantime. In -man, on the other hand, the disease cannot be present -without his knowing there is something wrong, and it -should be impressed upon him that it is a moral obligation -on his part not to have sexual relations until he -has been examined and pronounced cured by a specialist -in genito-urinary diseases.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Your general practitioner will always recommend to -you a specialist if you ask him to. When the disease -attacks the uterus and ovaries it very often blocks the -fallopian tubes and prevents the impregnation of the -ovum. It is said that over one-third of the childless -marriages are due to gonorrhoea in women, innocently -contracted from their husbands. Both men and women -can become sterile from this disease. The seminal tubes -in the man become blocked, thus disabling him from impregnating -the ovum.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Again, when the disease attacks the organs of generation, -unless speedily attended to, the organs get into -a chronic state of inflammation. The disease is, therefore, -more difficult to reach, the chances of cure more -difficult, and it usually means an operation for the woman.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The great mass of ailing women who trace their -misery back to never seeing a well day since marriage, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_71'>71</span>can be classed among those suffering with this disease, -as can also that army of women whose illness is classed -among “female disorders.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>A curious point to know is that a man may have -a hidden or latent gonorrhoea, of which he is not aware, -for it gives him no trouble, and may infect a clean, -healthy woman during sexual relations, and she in turn, -can infect him with the same disease, acting like a fresh -infection, giving rise to pain and discomfort. The -great majority of infections in women are contracted -from men who believe themselves cured, being under -the false impression that they are cured because the discharge -has ceased.</p> - -<p class='c000'>At a lecture given by a well-known physician in this -city last winter, the physician advised every girl whose -sweetheart, lover or expected husband had a history of -inflammatory rheumatism of the joints, back of him, -that as she values her life and future health, not to marry -that man without a thorough examination by a specialist -in these diseases. He declared: <strong>No young man should -have inflammatory rheumatism</strong>. This statement is considered -somewhat exaggerated by some making more recent -investigations, yet all seem to agree that a very -large majority of cases of inflammatory rheumatism of -the joints have the gonococcus present.</p> - -<p class='c000'>If the woman is not made sterile by the disease and -is able to carry the child to full term labor, then there -is another danger of infecting the child's eyes during the -process of labor, when the secretions lodge themselves -into the delicate membrane of the eyes. Then, unless -quick action is applied, the sight of both eyes can be -<span class='pageno' id='Page_72'>72</span>lost. Over 80 per cent. of blindness in babies is due to -this germ. It can be carried into the eyes of both children -and adults by any means which can carry the discharge -to the eyes. Upon the slightest suspicion that -this has been done, medical aid should be summoned at -once.</p> - -<p class='c000'>There is one fortunate thing to know, that the germ -cannot live for a great length of time outside its natural -or proper environment, though it can for years be hidden -in the body. It dries up very quickly, and special -solutions of both bichloride and permanganate of potash -will kill the germs with which the solution comes in -contact. There is but one course to follow, that upon -any of the symptoms mentioned above, go at once to a -reliable physician and follow his instructions closely. -And remember that the causes which retard recovery -are alcoholic drinks, lack of rest, spicy food and <strong>sexual -excitement</strong>. It is said there is no positive proof against -this disease, except continency until marriage and then -monogamy.</p> - -<p class='c000'>A story is told of a young Irish physician, who, being -asked how he treated gonorrhoea, replied most tersely, -“with contimpt.” That this was for a time a general -feeling is agreed, but with the knowledge that so -many persons, especially women, contract the disease, -under the moral, as well as legal, conditions of present -society, the feeling has changed. A woman is infected -by her husband after the marriage is sanctioned by the -state and blessed by the church, neither taking the interest -in the woman's future to guarantee to her a clean -individual as a husband. Prostitution has been upheld -and women segregated for man's sexual use, the government -<span class='pageno' id='Page_73'>73</span>going to the extent of authorizing examinations -of the women for venereal diseases to insure <strong>man's</strong> safety -from these diseases. Yet there has been no such protection -given either the woman prostitute or the wife -that the man's body is free from them. On the other -hand, every means to keep a married woman in ignorance -of the source of her infection is made by the church, -state and society in general. Every law to protect the -man's crime is made for his use, while women remain -unprotected victims of his guilt. And this, they say, is -“to protect the family and the home.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>Dr. James S. Wood tells a story of his experience -With a young woman of 25, married five years, when -she came to him. The husband admitted having had -gonorrhoea previous to marriage. The doctor found her -flowing excessively, the cervix badly torn, the uterus -sharply bent back and fixed, ovaries bound down and -adherent, the tubes thickened; a leuchorreal discharge -was present which contained gonococci, and other -symptoms which made her sick and miserable. The -doctor operated upon her, scraping her womb, sewing -the torn cervix, opening the abdomen to remove the -thickened appendix and inflamed ovaries and tubes. She -convalesced beautifully, and had no bad or unusual -symptoms for six months, at which time she returned -with a renewed infection. Careful questioning extracted -from the husband the confession that he had been -“out with the boys,” and had had a recurrence of gonorrhoea. -Most of the good which came from the operation -was spoiled by this second infection.</p> - -<p class='c000'>This is only one simple example of what is meant -by preserving the home and family at the terrible cost -<span class='pageno' id='Page_74'>74</span>of women's lives. Women should protest against the -so-called medical secret which decrees that they be kept -in ignorance where their health, as well as life, is directly -concerned. That there are men in the medical profession -in this country, as well as in Europe, who have -openly protested against respecting the secret where another -life is involved, seems a cheerful signal of a general -social awakening in this field.</p> - -<p class='c000'>In the Medical Record, April 20, 1912, Maude Glasgow -says: “After suffering for years a woman becomes -a feeble, worn-out, nervous woman; her life is a burden -The operating table is her only hope, and she leaves it -deformed, mutilated and sexless.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>If women voluntarily exposed themselves to diseases -which would sap the husband's vitality, making -him a dependent invalid, or expose him to the shock of -a mutilating operation, or death—would men continue -to suffer? Would they allow the medical secret to -protect women in this alleged “freedom”? Every girl -knows he would neither protect her nor continue to -suffer. It is women only who have allowed the double -standard of morals to stand so long, giving men the -purest and best of their womanhood, but not demanding -the same from them. As soon as women realize the danger -to themselves and their children which they are likely -to incur from men who have lived promiscuously, they -will revolt against such standards.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Gonorrhoea differs from syphilis, and though it is -not a disease which can be transmitted from the parent -to children, as syphilis can, yet it is a subtle, wrecking -disease and can do almost as much harm to the individual.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c013'> - <div><span class='pageno' id='Page_75'>75</span>WHAT EVERY GIRL SHOULD KNOW</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id005'> -<img src='images/i_075.jpg' alt='NOTHING!' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c014'> - <div>BY ORDER OF THE</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c013'> - <div>POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c014'> - <div>FEB. 9, 1913.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c015'>[From New York Call, after temporary suppression of article, “What Every -Girl Should Know,” by the postal authorities.]</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div><span class='pageno' id='Page_77'>77</span>[The particular part of the article objected to by the postal authorities].</div> - </div> -</div> - -<h3 id='VI-III' class='c008'>SOME CONSEQUENCES OF IGNORANCE AND SILENCE.—PART III.</h3> - -<p class='c009'>Prominent medical authorities claim that syphilis -was not known in Europe before the discovery of -America. Others equally as prominent hold that it has -existed for many centuries in Europe, but was confused -with other diseases such as leprosy. It makes little -difference to the girl or boy today just how long or -where it came from; the point we do know is that it is -here in our homes and workshops, and we should know -what it is like and how to avoid it.</p> - -<p class='c000'>A story is told of a French nobleman whose son was -about to leave his home to live in a big city. Said the -father to the son: “If you are not afraid of God, fear -at least syphilis.” This advice might be applied today, -for if boys or girls knew, or could see the appalling results -of syphilis, they would surely fear it, for it is -humanity's most deadly foe.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Syphilis is an infectious disease, caused by a special -microbe which is acquired by contagion or heredity.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It is chronic in course, varied and intermittent in -character, and the length of time it remains in the body -is indefinite.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It is so widespread that no country in the world is -free from it, neither is any organ of the body exempt -from its ravages.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Let us take a young man indulging in promiscuous -sexual intercourse, who cohabits with a syphilitic woman. -He notices nothing wrong for about five weeks, -when he becomes aware of a pimple on the sexual organs, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_78'>78</span>to which perhaps he pays little attention. This -grows and becomes hard at the base and is ulcerated -on the top.</p> - -<p class='c000'>About ten days after the appearance of the ulcer (or -chancre) the boy notices that the glands of the groins -begin to swell, but as there is little or no pain attached -he still pays no attention to all this.</p> - -<p class='c000'>After three, or sometimes four weeks the ulcerated -opening heals, but leaves the hard lump under the skin. -In two or even three months after the time of infection -the first general symptoms appear. His bones ache, he -is mentally depressed, slightly feverish at night, and a -rash appears upon his body and sore spots in the mouth; -and throat. These symptoms usually decide him to -consult a doctor, who finds him in the second stage of -syphilis. This condition lasts usually about two and -one-half years, the rash often lasting a short period, and -leaving, but to return again.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The blood within and the ulcers on the body contain -the poisons of the disease, and for three or four years -the poison <strong>can be transmitted</strong> by contagion, or by heredity.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The third stage is the most destructive, especially -to the nervous system, for this disease is recognized as -the greatest factor in organic disturbances of the nervous -system.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It not rarely is the cause of cerebral and spinal meningitis, -paralysis of the legs, paralysis of one side of the -body, and that most helpless and terrible disease, softening -of the brain and many other diseases which affect the -spinal cord, which are seldom ever cured. The majority -<span class='pageno' id='Page_79'>79</span>of those diseased are left with physical or mental -infirmities, rendering them public charges.</p> - -<p class='c000'>There have been cases where the third stage did not -develop, and as this stage is not distinctly separated -from the second stage by a definite line, it may not take -place for months, or even years after the first sore appeared. -Again, this stage has been averted by careful -treatment in the early stages, and it is here the hope -of all afflicted lies.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Every case of syphilis begins with the characteristic -pimple or chancre, except inherited syphilis. The -chancre always appears where the infection enters, and -the glands swell in the same vicinity. For instance, if -in using a pipe of a syphilitic, whose mouth contains -the sore patches, the victim finds the chancre will appear -on his lips, mouth or throat, and the glands of the neck -will swell.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It is said that almost 10 per cent. of the infections -are contracted innocently, especially in European countries, -where kissing and other forms of endearment are -much indulged in. In this country it is not so common, -but more women than men contract it innocently and in -this manner.</p> - -<p class='c000'>In women, too, the first symptoms are not so characteristic -as in men. She may pay no attention to the -chancre for a month, even if she does feel aches in the -bones, she thinks she is run down, or thinks she has -malaria; even the rash does not alarm her, and often -only repeated miscarriages will be the only symptoms -she can remember of the early stages. She may continue -for years before the disease reaches the third -<span class='pageno' id='Page_80'>80</span>stage. This is not always so, for in every individual -the disease differs in character and duration.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Gonorrhoea and syphilis differ in many ways. For -instance, the former shows itself in a week or ten days -after infection, where syphilis shows no signs for five or -six weeks.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Gonorrhoea is considered a purely sexual disease, -because infection takes place only in sexual relations -(except where the germ gets into the eyes), while -syphilis can be contracted in many other ways, through -forks, spoons, glasses or cups, towels, sponges, bathtubs, -toilets, pipes, dental and barbers' instruments, and -kissing.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Gonorrhoea is considered a social danger because of -its effect upon the sexual organs, often rendering them -sterile. Syphilis is also a social danger, but it has direct -effect upon the offspring, and upon future generations -because its effects are visited upon the child.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Sixty to eighty per cent. of the syphilitic offspring -die at birth or in early infancy. Someone has well said, -“The greatest criminal is he who poisons the germ cells.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>In hereditary syphilis there is more difficulty in gathering -facts, for the laws which control it are not so well -understood, as yet.</p> - -<p class='c000'>There is no sore or chancre in hereditary syphilis, -but other symptoms appear which every physician recognizes -and of course attends to at birth.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Under proper treatment the danger of the father -transmitting the disease to the child should cease in -<span class='pageno' id='Page_81'>81</span>from two to five years, while the danger of the mother -transmitting it to her offspring does not end at any definite -time, for there have been mothers known to give -birth to syphilitic offspring years after all disappearance -of their own symptoms.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The strongest features of the disease transmitted to -the offspring are the deformities which it imparts to -the bones of the head as well as of the body.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It is said on good authority that if a patient, at the -end of five years, has been two years without symptoms -or treatment, he may be guaranteed for marriage. -Though he can never be wholly guaranteed from relapses -in his own person. These, however, are considered -noninfectious.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The cure of the disease depends upon the individual's -environment, constitution and his habits, chiefly as -regards alcohol and tobacco.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Alcohol is considered the commonest and most active -enemy of the patient's recovery. Men addicted to the -use of alcohol are the most difficult to cure.</p> - -<p class='c000'>There seems to be no doubt that if the disease receives -the proper treatment there is every hope for the -individual to live a normal life. Fouriner, a French authority, -says:</p> - -<p class='c000'>“Personally I could cite several hundred observations -concerning syphilitic subjects who, after undergoing -thorough treatment, have married and became -fathers of healthy, good-looking children.” The question, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_82'>82</span>then, to receive some attention is what means are -available for the treatment of both syphilis and gonorrhoea.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Dr. Prince A. Morrow says: “Prompt curative -treatment is not only in the interests of the patients -themselves, but especially in the interests of the others -they might infect. But everywhere we are confronted -with this situation: There are no special hospitals for -this class of diseases; few general hospitals receive them -in the early, curable stage; still fewer have special -venereal wards; even the dispensary services are not -organized with special adaption to the needs of venereal -cases; few have night classes, so that working people -who go to the dispensary must lose half a day, which -often means the sacrifice of their employment. As a -consequence they resort to quacks or the use of nostrums -(secret or quack medicines). They are not cured, but -go on spreading the seeds of contagion.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>This is the condition as far as hospitals are concerned -in the matter of venereal diseases. And in relation -to private practice the average person's position is -still more deplorable. Take, for example, the story of -a girl who came under my care some years ago, after -having suffered three years with the disease. She had -been refused attendance in public hospitals in three different -cities while she was working her way to New -York. At different times she consulted physicians, only -to learn that to be cured she must be treated regularly, -and to be so treated would require money. Different -estimates were quoted from $150 to $500 for treatment. -As the amount of money left over after she had paid her -<span class='pageno' id='Page_83'>83</span>expenses each week was never over $2, the possibility -of a cure looked hopeless. She concluded to purchase -patent medicines whenever she could, but her condition -became worse, until she was picked up by a charitable -organization, who cared for her until she died. When -I saw her all her hair, eyebrows and eyelashes -were gone, her nose and upper lip were almost -entirely eaten away, most of her teeth were -gone—in fact, to try to describe her condition -would be almost impossible.</p> - -<p class='c000'>This is only one case, but there are thousands of -syphilitics who are wandering around unable to pay -the prices which the physician asks to treat this disease. -The same can be said of gonorrhoea, and the same physician -who clamors against the prices of the so-called -quack, forgets that the price he asks of the public is exorbitant -in the extreme. So the only course for the individual -to take, if he cannot pay the price, is to remain -a menace to society. The physician assumes no responsibility -toward society to find out if the patient is under -treatment elsewhere; the patient can do as he pleases -with his disease when he closes the doctor's door. This, -then is the situation as regards society's attitude toward -the venereal subject: Society seems to take a different -attitude towards other contagious and infectious diseases, -such as measles, chicken pox, diphtheria, etc. In -these diseases, a physician has some responsibility toward -society; he must report each case as it comes to -his attention, to the Board of Health, who in turn assume -some responsibility by isolating the disease.</p> - -<p class='c000'>If this is necessary in these comparatively simple -diseases, how much more important should it be to register -<span class='pageno' id='Page_84'>84</span>and isolate patients suffering from the venereal -diseases.</p> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_85'>85</span> - <h2 id='VII' class='c005'>CHAPTER VII.<br /> <span class='large'>MENOPAUSE OR CHANGE OF LIFE</span></h2> -</div> - -<p class='c016'>In the previous chapter on Puberty, it was stated -that the menstrual function began in the average girl at -fifteen years of age and continued until the forty-fifth -or fiftieth year.</p> - -<p class='c000'>At this later age it ceases, together with her sexual -or child-bearing capabilities and is known as the Menopause -or Change of Life.</p> - -<p class='c000'>This constitutes a period from the beginning of irregularities -in the appearance of the menstrual flow, -until it has actually ceased, which period usually lasts -two and one-half to three years.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Thousands of women know nothing of the period -which, like puberty, they must pass through, but are entirely -ignorant of the process.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It is usual for them to look toward this age with -dread and foreboding; where a little knowledge of the -nature of the process would enable them to enter upon -this period physically prepared, which would insure -their safe arrival through this dreaded and much-feared -period.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The greatest change occurring in the woman at this -time is that which goes on in the ovaries. They cease -to do their work and ovulation stops.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The first indication that the woman has, that this is -likely to occur, is by the ceasing of the menses or -monthlies.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_86'>86</span>Ovulation, however, very often continues for several -months, even a year after menstruation has entirely -ceased.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The glandular tissues of the uterus, tubes and -ovaries degenerate, which is said to account for the -Menopause, and that of the ovaries occurs later than -the tubes and uterus, which explains the continuance of -ovulation after the menses have stopped.</p> - -<p class='c000'>In a few women the Menopause is accompanied by -very little or almost no discomfort at all, just a sudden -stopping of the monthlies announces to them that this -period has come.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The majority, however, do not pass through this -time so easily, but suffer for the entire period with one -affliction or another.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Among those symptoms most common are flushings -or flashes, which are mostly confined to head, face and -neck, are increased by heat and motion and followed by -profuse sweating, giddiness, backache, headache, sleeplessness, -disturbances of digestion like diarrhoea or constipation, -blueness, depression of spirits, shortness of -breath, palpitation and nervous irritability.</p> - -<p class='c000'>But the most alarming symptom of the Menopause -is hemorrhage. This is too often considered lightly and -classed with the minor symptoms of this period.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Whenever there is excessive bleeding, there is surely -a cause and calls for special and immediate attention. -It may be caused by an inflamed condition of the lining -of the uterus (womb), ulceration, general diseases of the -heart, lungs and kidneys can also be the cause of excessive -bleeding at this period. Some authorities claim -<span class='pageno' id='Page_87'>87</span>that it also has its cause in early or profuse menstruation, -too frequent and difficult labors, abortions and alcoholic -drinking, but the most common cause of hemmorhage at -this time is cancer. It is a fact that cancer in women, -from the age of 40 to 50 is more common that at any -other age.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Perhaps it is not generally known that cancer is now -known to begin as a local disease, and if taken in time -it can be removed so completely that a radical cure follows. -No wonder then, that hemmorhage should be an -alarming symptom, for if care is not taken and the -dreaded disease, cancer, is allowed to take root, the results -are too generally known to dwell upon. At the first signs -of hemorrhages or excessive flow, a woman should place -herself under the care of a gynecologist (specialist in the -diseases of woman), just as a pregnant woman is under -the care of a physician until she is entirely free from the -dangers of childbirth.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Women have heretofore looked to this period with -dread, on account of the consequences which neglect has -caused. It need not be dreaded for assuring word comes -from prominent physicians who have made this special -period a study, that the natural symptoms of the Menopause -do not portend loss of life, reason or health. It is -a period as natural to the woman as menstruation and -with little care, these symptoms or ailments will cease -in a few years, leaving the woman to enjoy years of good -health.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When the period is delayed beyond the fiftieth year, -it calls for the same attention as excessive flow. These -are two important signs of disease, and should receive -immediate care. The period is, however, often brought -<span class='pageno' id='Page_88'>88</span>about at an earlier age than is normal, by mental or physical -shock, illness, operations, etc.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The age at which it occurs often differs with climate, -race and according to Kisch, social relations, who claims, -that the sexual function is “generally abolished earlier in -the laboring classes, who are compelled to work hard and -have many cares,” and further states that a vigorous -vitality causes prolongation of the menstrual process.</p> - -<p class='c000'>In the average woman it does not cease at once, but -has two or three periods of cessation, returns again for -an irregular period and continues in this irregularity for -the entire time of two and one-half to three years. It -is important to know that the changes which are going -on in the organs of the woman are exactly opposite from -those which occur at puberty.</p> - -<p class='c000'>At puberty the organs are increasing with life, vigor, -and vitality, while at the Menopause they are receding -or going backward.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The generative organs gradually but surely shrink -or atrophy after menstruation stops. The uterus becomes -small. The vagina, whose walls were formerly -corrugated or wrinkled, now become smooth. The orifice -or opening of the vagina, becomes shrunken, unless -it has been previously enlarged by child-bearing. The -whole process tends to show that the child-bearing period -is at an end, which in fact has caused much mental anxiety -and disturbance among women to the extent of melancholy -and insanity.</p> - -<p class='c000'>It seems a very small things to give to every woman, -going through this disagreeable period of life—a complete -change of climate and rest, until the change has become -established. Certainly she has served society to -<span class='pageno' id='Page_89'>89</span>the best of her knowledge, often “entering into the valley -of the shadow of death”; many times fearlessly, to give -the best of herself to the race. It is a small thing to give -in return.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Tilt believes that unmarried women suffer less at this -period than married women, and says: “As at puberty, -from the ignorance in which it is still thought right to -leave young women, so at the change of life, women -often suffer from ignorance of what may occur, or from -exaggerated notions of the perils which await them.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>All that is needed is to keep guard on one's self—watch -the diet and bowels. A light vegetable diet -seems best at this time unless very actively engaged in -physical exercise, then meat once a day. Keep free -from foods difficult to digest, cheese, fried foods, hot -bread, etc., drink plenty of water and eat fruit to keep -the bowels open; slight exercise in the open air, rest, -sleep and freedom from mental anxiety are the simple -rules which are generally prescribed for women at this -time.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Tilt says: “The best way to avoid the danger of -this critical time is to meet its approach with a healthy -constitution.” And again says, “All complaints remain -chronic because there is not stamina enough to carry -them through their stages.”</p> - -<p class='c000'>It is the opinion of the foremost medical men that if -women at the first sign of irregularities, consult a gynecologist, -it would be the means of saving thousands of -lives every year, and would prepare women to enter upon -the post-climatic period in health and happiness.</p> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_90'>90</span> - <h2 class='c005'>CONCLUSION</h2> -</div> - -<p class='c016'>In conclusion I cannot refrain from saying that women -must come to recognize there is some function of -womanhood other than being a child-bearing machine. -Too long have they allowed themselves to become this, -bowing to the yoke of motherhood from puberty to the -grave. No other thought has entered the mind except -to be a good mother—which has usually meant a slave-mother. -This has been her only use, her only wish and -hope—and when the age arrives where she cannot perform -this function longer, she considers herself useless. -No wonder she becomes melancholic or even insane.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Fortunately the woman of today is gradually ridding -herself of such archaic notions. More and more is she -realizing that motherhood is only one of her capabilities; -that there are certain individuals more fitted for motherhood -than others, just as individuals are better fitted -for nursing, teaching, etc.</p> - -<p class='c000'>And further must she realize that though she is past -the age of motherhood, yet she is still a woman with all -the instincts and experiences which motherhood has bestowed -upon her, and she can now begin a new development, -based upon these valuable experiences, she can -now enter into public life unhampered by the details of -kitchen and babies, for as she completes her work and -passes on, others come in to take her place.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Being free from domestic and maternal cares enables -her to give to society the benefit of her matured -thought, seasoned and enriched by these experiences.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_91'>91</span>She often does enjoy the best health of her life after -the Menopause and this, together with a vista of a future -of usefulness, should open to the woman in the post-climateric -period, a new life—a new world.</p> - -<p class='c000'>In completing this series of articles I cannot refrain -from uttering just a word about the relation of the entire -subject I have been discussing to the economic problem. -It is impossible to separate the ignorance of parents, -prostitution, venereal diseases, or the silence of the -medical profession from the great economic question that -the world is facing today. It is here ever before us, -and the more we look into the so-called evils of the day -the more we realize that the whole structure of the -present day society is built upon a rotten and decaying -foundation. Until capitalism is swept away, there is -no hope for young girls to live a beautiful life during -their girlhood. There is no hope for boys or girls to -build up strong and sturdy bodies. There is no hope -that a woman can live in the family relation and have -children without sacrificing every vestige of individual -development. There is no hope that prostitution will -cease, as long as there is hunger. There is no hope for -a strong race as long as venereal diseases exist. And -they will exist until women rise in one big sisterhood to -fight this capitalist society which compels a woman to -serve as a sex implement for man's use.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Education is necessary—education is the need of the -people. For this will soon enable one to see that knowledge -alone does not suffice, but that it is only through -economic security that the man and the woman will -emerge in a future civilization.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div>(The end.)</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_92'>92</span></div> -<div class='ph2'> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c003'> - <div>READ THE</div> - <div>SUNDAY</div> - <div>CALL</div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> - -<p class='c016'>The only English Sunday paper devoted exclusively -to the cause of Socialism.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The magazine section is of invaluable service -to all who desire to be well informed with the progress -of the Socialist and Labor movement all over -the world.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div>5 Cents Per Copy</div> - <div class='c002'>On Sale at the principal Newsdealers.</div> - <div class='c002'><em>Subscribe for the</em></div> - <div class='c002'>SUNDAY CALL</div> - </div> -</div> - -<table class='table1' summary=''> - <tr> - <td class='c017'>One Year</td> - <td class='c018'>$2.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c017'>Six Months</td> - <td class='c018'>1.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c017'>Three Months</td> - <td class='c018'>.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c017'>One Month</td> - <td class='c018'>.20</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p class='c000'>Write for a sample copy, which will be sent -free upon request.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div>The New York Call</div> - <div class='c002'>444 PEARL STREET, New York City.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_93'>93</span></div> -<div class='ph2'> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c003'> - <div>SENTINEL PRINTING CO.</div> - <div class='c002'>PRINTERS AND PUBLISHERS</div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c004'> - <div>SOCIALIST NEWSPAPERS</div> - <div class='c002'>ON</div> - <div class='c002'>THE CO-OPERATIVE PLAN</div> - <div class='c004'>EACH LOCAL CAN HAVE ITS OWN PUBLICATION AT SMALL EXPENSE</div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>and give the public news weekly that the capitalist papers -suppress or distort—an invaluable aid in advancing the -cause of Socialism and establishing the Co-operative Commonwealth.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div>NO STOCK SUBSCRIPTION CONCERN.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Only a few dollars needed to start a paper in your town.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Write for particulars.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div>READY PRINTS</div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Two and four-page Ready Prints, six columns to the -page. Good, live matter, released day before publication. -Better than plate matter and at a price a little above first -cost of paper. Can be expressed to you at special rates.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Write for sample and particulars.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div>Sentinel Printing Co.,</div> - <div>P. O. Box 178,      READING, PA.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_94'>94</span></div> -<div class='ph2'> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c003'> - <div><span class='under'>How Six Little Children</span></div> - <div>Were Taught the Truth</div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> - -<p class='c016'>is a book which tells a mother just -how to talk to her child regarding -the great truths of sex.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Thousands of mothers are willing -to tell their children the truth, but -have no knowledge of the words to -use, or the manner in which to tell it.</p> - -<p class='c000'>This little book tells you just how -the truth was told to children in a -successful way. It begins with the -flowers, tells of reproduction among -them, tells of the fish, frogs, birds, -dogs and cats, leading up to the -great event of a new baby neighbor.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Every mother should read this -book. It is just what she is looking -for.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Advance orders received. Price, -50 cents.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div>MARGARET H. SANGER,</div> - <div class='c002'>235 West 135th Street, New York, N. Y.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c003'> - <div><span class='pageno' id='Page_95'>95</span>PRICE LIST</div> - <div class='c002'>OF</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='ph2'> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c003'> - <div>“<span class='under'>What Every Girl Should Know.</span>”</div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c004'> - <div>☘ ☘ ☘</div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Socialist Party Locals, Branches and dealers can obtain -this book at the following prices:</p> - -<table class='table1' summary=''> - <tr> - <td class='c017'>Single copy (prepaid)</td> - <td class='c018'>25 cents</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c017'>5 copies (prepaid)</td> - <td class='c018'>$ 1.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c017'>10 copies (prepaid)</td> - <td class='c018'>1.80</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c017'>25 copies (prepaid)</td> - <td class='c018'>4.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c017'>50 copies (prepaid)</td> - <td class='c018'>7.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c017'>100 copies (prepaid)</td> - <td class='c018'>12.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c017'>200 copies (prepaid)</td> - <td class='c018'>22.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c017'>500 copies (prepaid)</td> - <td class='c018'>50.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c017'>1000 copies (prepaid)</td> - <td class='c018'>90.00</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p class='c000'>Money Orders or cash must accompany all orders.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Do not fail to give proper address of party to whom -books are to be sent.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Send all orders and remittances to</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div>Sentinel Printing Co.,</div> - <div>Box 178,      READING, PA.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='tnotes'> - -<div class='chapter'> - <h2 class='c005'>TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES</h2> -</div> - <ol class='ol_1 c004'> - <li>Silently corrected typographical errors. - - </li> - <li>Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed. - </li> - </ol> - -</div> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's What Every Girl Should Know, by Margaret H. Sanger - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WHAT EVERY GIRL SHOULD KNOW *** - -***** This file should be named 52888-h.htm or 52888-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/2/8/8/52888/ - -Produced by Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, -and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive -specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this -eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook -for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, -performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given -away--you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks -not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the -trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. - -START: FULL LICENSE - -THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE -PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK - -To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free -distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work -(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full -Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at -www.gutenberg.org/license. - -Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works - -1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to -and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property -(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all -the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or -destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your -possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a -Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound -by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the -person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph -1.E.8. - -1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be -used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who -agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few -things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See -paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this -agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. - -1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the -Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection -of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual -works in the collection are in the public domain in the United -States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the -United States and you are located in the United States, we do not -claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, -displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as -all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope -that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting -free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm -works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the -Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily -comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the -same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when -you share it without charge with others. - -1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern -what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are -in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, -check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this -agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, -distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any -other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no -representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any -country outside the United States. - -1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: - -1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other -immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear -prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work -on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the -phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, -performed, viewed, copied or distributed: - - This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and - most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no - restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it - under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this - eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the - United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you - are located before using this ebook. - -1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is -derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not -contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the -copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in -the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are -redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply -either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or -obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted -with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution -must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any -additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms -will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works -posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the -beginning of this work. - -1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this -work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. - -1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this -electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without -prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with -active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project -Gutenberg-tm License. - -1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, -compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including -any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access -to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format -other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official -version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site -(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense -to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means -of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain -Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the -full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. - -1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, -performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works -unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing -access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -provided that - -* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from - the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method - you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed - to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has - agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid - within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are - legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty - payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in - Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg - Literary Archive Foundation." - -* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies - you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he - does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm - License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all - copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue - all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm - works. - -* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of - any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the - electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of - receipt of the work. - -* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free - distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than -are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing -from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and The -Project Gutenberg Trademark LLC, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. - -1.F. - -1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable -effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread -works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project -Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may -contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate -or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other -intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or -other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or -cannot be read by your equipment. - -1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right -of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project -Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all -liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal -fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT -LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE -PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE -TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE -LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR -INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH -DAMAGE. - -1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a -defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can -receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a -written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you -received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium -with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you -with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in -lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person -or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second -opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If -the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing -without further opportunities to fix the problem. - -1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth -in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO -OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT -LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. - -1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied -warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of -damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement -violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the -agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or -limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or -unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the -remaining provisions. - -1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the -trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone -providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in -accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the -production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, -including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of -the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this -or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or -additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any -Defect you cause. - -Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm - -Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of -electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of -computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It -exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations -from people in all walks of life. - -Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the -assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's -goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will -remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure -and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future -generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see -Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at -www.gutenberg.org - - - -Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation - -The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit -501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the -state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal -Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification -number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by -U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. - -The Foundation's principal office is in Fairbanks, Alaska, with the -mailing address: PO Box 750175, Fairbanks, AK 99775, but its -volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous -locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt -Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to -date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and -official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact - -For additional contact information: - - Dr. Gregory B. Newby - Chief Executive and Director - gbnewby@pglaf.org - -Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation - -Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide -spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of -increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be -freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest -array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations -($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt -status with the IRS. - -The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating -charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United -States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a -considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up -with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations -where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND -DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular -state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate - -While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we -have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition -against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who -approach us with offers to donate. - -International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make -any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from -outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. - -Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation -methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other -ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To -donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate - -Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. - -Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project -Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be -freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and -distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of -volunteer support. - -Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in -the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not -necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper -edition. - -Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search -facility: www.gutenberg.org - -This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. - - - -</pre> - - </body> - <!-- created with ppgen.py 3.56b on 2016-08-24 02:03:00 GMT --> -</html> |