diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'old/52607-0.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | old/52607-0.txt | 8013 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 8013 deletions
diff --git a/old/52607-0.txt b/old/52607-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index ae662f6..0000000 --- a/old/52607-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8013 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Chronicles of Enguerrand de Monstrelet, -Volume 2 (of 13), by Enguerrand de Monstrelet - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: The Chronicles of Enguerrand de Monstrelet, Volume 2 (of 13) - containing an account of the cruel civil wars between the - houses of Orleans and Burgundy - -Author: Enguerrand de Monstrelet - -Translator: Thomas Johnes - -Release Date: July 19, 2016 [EBook #52607] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES--ENGUERRAND MONSTRELET, VOL 2 *** - - - - -Produced by Wayne Hammond and The Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - - - - - - - - - - THE - - CHRONICLES - - OF - - ENGUERRAND DE MONSTRELET; - - CONTAINING - - AN ACCOUNT OF THE CRUEL CIVIL WARS BETWEEN THE HOUSES OF - - ORLEANS AND BURGUNDY; - - OF THE POSSESSION OF - - PARIS AND NORMANDY BY THE ENGLISH; - - _THEIR EXPULSION THENCE_; - - AND OF OTHER - - MEMORABLE EVENTS THAT HAPPENED IN THE KINGDOM OF FRANCE, - - AS WELL AS IN OTHER COUNTRIES. - - _A HISTORY OF FAIR EXAMPLE, AND OF GREAT PROFIT TO THE - FRENCH_, - - _Beginning at the Year_ MCCCC. _where that of Sir JOHN - FROISSART finishes, and ending at the Year_ MCCCCLXVII. _and - continued by others to the Year_ MDXVI. - - - TRANSLATED - BY THOMAS JOHNES, ESQ. - - IN THIRTEEN VOLUMES ... VOL. II. - - - LONDON: - - PRINTED FOR LONGMAN, HURST, REES, ORME, AND BROWN, PATERNOSTER-ROW; - AND J. WHITE AND CO. FLEET-STREET. - - 1810. - - - - -CONTENTS - -OF - -_THE SECOND VOLUME_. - - - CHAP. I. - - PAGE - - The conclusion of the duchess of Orleans’ - advocate against the duke of Burgundy, - and the reply from the chancellor 1 - - - CHAP. II. - - Guye de Roye, archbishop of Rheims, appeals - from the constitutions drawn up by the - university of Paris, which angers that body, - and they imprison his commissary 16 - - - CHAP. III. - - The duke of Burgundy assembles a large body - of men at arms to succour John of Bavaria - against the Liegeois, and combats them 19 - - - CHAP. IV. - - The king of France holds a grand council at Paris, - to consider on the manner of proceeding - against the duke of Burgundy for the murder - of the duke of Orleans 59 - - - CHAP. V. - - The king of France is carried, by the princes of - the blood, to Tours in Touraine. Peace is - made in the town of Chartres. The death - of the dowager-duchess of Orleans 63 - - - CHAP. VI. - - The queen of Spain dies during the sitting of the - council at Pisa. The marriage of the king - of Denmark, Norway and Sweden 77 - - - CHAP. VII. - - The king of France has a severe return of his - disorder. The marriage of the count de - Nevers with the damsel of Coucy. The war - of Ame de Viry, a Savoyard, with the duke - of Bourbon 79 - - - CHAP. VIII. - - Two combats take place at Paris in the presence - of the king. The death of the archbishop of - Rheims. The council at Pisa 83 - - - CHAP. IX. - - The ambassadors to the council from the - university of Paris write letters to inform - those who had sent them of what had passed - at this council. Pietro della Luna and - Gregory are deprived of the papacy, and all - persons forbidden by the holy council from - obeying either in any manner. Peter of - Candia, a Cordelier, is elected bishop of - Rome by the cardinals. Regulations for - the approbation of the general council 105 - - - CHAP. X. - - The death of the bishop of Paris. The marriages, - of the duke of Brabant with the niece of the - king of Bohemia; of the constable of France’s - daughter with the son of Montagu, grand - master of the household; of the king of - Cyprus with Charlotte de Bourbon 115 - - - CHAP. XI. - - The duke of Burgundy holds a great council - at Lille on his affairs. The death of the - duchess of Orleans 120 - - - CHAP. XII. - - The town of Genoa rebels against Boucicaut, - marshal of France, the governor, while - obeying a summons from the duke of - Milan 123 - - - CHAP. XIII. - - The princes of the blood assemble, and resolve - to reform the management of the royal - finances. The death of Montagu 127 - - - CHAP. XIV. - - Duke Louis of Bavaria espouses the daughter - of the king of Navarre. The names of the - lords who came to Paris in obedience to the - king’s orders 140 - - - CHAP. XV. - - The king of France keeps royal state in his - palace, wherein several of the great lords - before mentioned hold many councils on - the state of the nation 144 - - - CHAP. XVI. - - A great dissension takes places this year between - the king of Poland, on the one hand, and the - grand master of Prussia and his knights on - the other 153 - - - CHAP. XVII. - - The duke of Berry, by the king’s commands, - returns to Paris. The marriage of the son - of the king of Sicily. The assembly that is - holden at Meun le Chastel 156 - - - CHAP. XVIII. - - The king of Sicily goes to Provence and to - Bologna, to meet his rival king Ladislaus. - The death of pope Alexander, and the - election of pope John 159 - - - CHAP. XIX. - - The grand master of Prussia marches a - powerful army of Christians into Lithuania 170 - - - CHAP. XX. - - The duke of Berry quits Paris, and retires to his - own estates. He goes afterward to Angers, - and unites with the duke of Orleans and the - other princes of his party 173 - - - CHAP. XXI. - - The death of the duke of Bourbon. The - proclamation of the king of France. The - duke of Orleans and his allies send letters - to the principal towns in France 178 - - - CHAP. XXII. - - In consequence of the negotiations between the - two parties of Burgundy and of Orleans, - peace is made between them, and called - ‘The Peace of Winchester,’ which was the - second peace 199 - - - CHAP. XXIII. - - A meeting of the university and clergy is held - on the 23d of November, in the church of - St Bernard at Paris, on the state of the church 206 - - - CHAP. XXIV. - - The lord de Croy is made prisoner when going - on an embassy from the duke of Burgundy - to the duke of Berry, to the great displeasure - of the latter 215 - - - CHAP. XXV. - - The duke of Orleans sends ambassadors to the - king of France, with letters of accusation - against the duke of Burgundy and those of - his party 223 - - - CHAP. XXVI. - - The death of the duke of Bar. The king of - France sends an embassy to the duke of - Burgundy, and other matters 232 - - - CHAP. XXVII. - - The duke of Orleans and his brothers send letters - to the king of France, to other lords, and to - several of the principal towns in France, to - complain of the duke of Burgundy 236 - - - CHAP. XXVIII. - - The duke of Orleans and his brothers send a - challenge to the duke of Burgundy, in his - town of Douay 265 - - - CHAP. XXIX. - - The duke of Burgundy sends an answer to the - challenge of the duke of Orleans and his - brothers 267 - - - CHAP. XXX. - - The duke of Burgundy is discontented with sir - Mansart du Bos. He sends letters to require - the assistance of the duke of Bourbon 269 - - - CHAP. XXXI. - - A royal proclamation is issued, that no person - whatever bear arms for either of the parties - of the dukes of Orleans or of Burgundy. - The latter writes to the bailiff of Amiens 273 - - - CHAP. XXXII. - - The Parisians take up arms against the - Armagnacs. A civil war breaks out in - several parts of France 277 - - - CHAP. XXXIII. - - Sir Clugnet de Brabant is near taking Rethel. - He overruns the country of Burgundy. - Other tribulations are noticed 281 - - - CHAP. XXXIV. - - The duke of Burgundy assembles a large army - to lay siege to the town of Ham, and leads - thither his Flemings 287 - - - CHAP. XXXV. - - The duke of Burgundy assembles another army - to march to Paris. Events that happened - during that time 307 - - - CHAP. XXXVI. - - The duke of Burgundy marches a large army - from Pontoise to Paris, through Melun. - The situation and conduct of the duke of - Orleans 320 - - - CHAP. XXXVII. - - The duke of Burgundy leads a great force, with - the Parisians, to St Cloud, against the - Armagnacs 326 - - - CHAP. XXXVIII. - - The king of France sends the count de St Pol to - the Valois, and to Coucy, and other captains - to different parts against the Armagnacs 337 - - - CHAP. XXXIX. - - Sir Philip de Servolles, bailiff of Vitry, lays siege - to the castle of Moyennes. Other places - are by the king’s officers reduced to his - obedience 343 - - - CHAP. XL. - - The dukes of Acquitaine and Burgundy march - to conquer Estampes and Dourdan. The - execution of sir Mansart du Bos and other - prisoners 348 - - - - -HERE BEGINNETH - -THE SECOND VOLUME - -OF THE - -CHRONICLES - -OF - -_ENGUERRAND DE MONSTRELET_. - - - - -CHAP. I. - - THE CONCLUSION OF THE DUCHESS OF ORLEANS’ ADVOCATE AGAINST THE - DUKE OF BURGUNDY, AND THE REPLY FROM THE CHANCELLOR. - - -The chancellor of France, in the king’s name, ordered the duchess’s -advocate, master William Cousinot, to draw up such conclusions as -should be satisfactory to the duchess and her son, the duke of Orleans. -The advocate, after many excuses, began by showing how pitiable their -state was, and took for his theme part of the 7th chapter of the gospel -of St Luke, ‘Hæc vidua erat quam cum vidisset Dominus misericordia -motus est super eam.’ - -‘Most noble prince, when our Lord entered a city called Nain, he met -the corpse of a young man, which his friends were carrying to the -grave; and when he noticed that the mother of the young man was a -widow, he was on this account moved with compassion toward her, and -restored her son to life. I may most truly apply these words to my -lady of Orleans, for she is a widow who bewails the death of her lord -and husband, and our lord will have compassion on her; for the king -is our lord, in respect of terrestrial jurisdiction; and not only the -king, but thou, lord of Acquitaine, and all other princes of this world -having territorial powers, seeing my lady of Orleans thus disconsolate, -ought to feel compassion for her, and give her aid and support in -procuring strict justice to be done for the cruel death of her husband. - -‘In every case, and at all times, full justice should be administered -to all; for, according to the words of the Psalmist, it is a good and -meritorious act,--‘Beati qui custodiunt judicium et faciunt justitiam -in omni tempore.’ Psalm cv. - -‘But justice should always be more rigorously observed in regard -to widows and orphans, who have been deprived of their fathers or -husbands, than in any other case; for the divine, canon and civil -laws urge the necessity of succouring the widow and orphan. We have -the first instance of this in the 22d chapter of Jeremiah,--‘Facite -judicium et justitiam, et liberate vi oppressum de manu calumniatoris, -pupillum et viduam,’ &c. - -‘In regard to the canon law, the decrees declare, that it is very -proper for kings to do justice and execute judgment, and deliver from -the hands of the oppressors widows and orphans who are injuriously used -by them. - -‘As for the civil law, it is very clear, that widows and orphans are -particularly privileged in many cases, as may be seen in different law -writings. - -‘My lady of Orleans has lost her husband: her children have lost their -father, certainly one of the handsomest and most accomplished princes -in Christendom. But let us see how they have lost him: had he been -taken from them by a natural death, their case would not have been so -much to be pitied; but he is cut off violently in the flower of his -youth. In truth, this is such an outrage that every law and customary -proceeding should bend in their favour against the malignant author of -the deed. - -‘In the first place, our king and sovereign lord is bounden -particularly by the commands of God, to whom he cannot be disobedient -without sinning, to execute judgment, according to the words of -Jeremiah in the chapter before mentioned,--‘In memetipso juravi, dicit -Dominus, quia in solitudine erit domus vestra.’ And this is conformable -to the reply made by St Remy to king Clovis when he baptised him. The -king asked him how long the kingdom of France would endure. The saint -answered, that it would last so long as justice should reign there. The -converse of which is, that when justice shall cease to be administered, -the kingdom will fall. To the king therefore may be applied what is -written in the canon law, ‘Quod justitia est illud quod suum firmat -imperium.’ - -‘O, duke of Acquitaine! thou art he who, after the king, art bound -to do justice according to the words of the Psalmist, ‘Deus judicium -tuum regi da et justitiam tuam filio regis.’ Thou art the eldest son -to the king, to whom, by the grace of God, thou wilt succeed, and be -our lord: attend to our case for the love of God, for to thee more -particularly does it belong; and if thou dost not lay thy hand on it, -when thou shalt come to reign, thou mayest find thy kingdom desolate -and destroyed,--for each will in his turn seize parts of it, and be the -master, should this atrocious crime remain unpunished. - -‘Ye also, my lords, princes, dukes and counts of the royal blood, -relations of the late duke, and ye other nobles, who have an affection -for the king’s crown and honour, what ought to be your conduct on -this occasion? Why, certainly, if the king will not interfere in this -matter, ye ought to take up the business and execute judgment; for ye -are bound by oath to guard and defend the king’s honour against all who -may infringe upon it. This ye have done in former times, through God’s -grace, and for which this kingdom has gained greater glory than any -other realm in Christendom: insomuch that the English, the Germans, and -other foreigners, have come hither to seek for justice. - -‘My lords, for the love of God, let your loyalty burst forth, according -to your oaths, in behalf of my lady of Orleans, as she has the fullest -confidence it will; for, after God and the king, you are her only -refuge. Let no one fear to do justice, from the scandal or persecution -that may ensue, for it is a maxim of law, ‘Utilius est scandalum nasci -ac permitti, quam ut veritas relinquatur,’--although it were certain -the doing justice in this case would cause much grievous persecution -to ensue. Yet for all this justice should not be neglected; for in -that case you would be indeed reproachable, if, through fear of the -offender, you shall not dare to decree justice. On no occasion should -justice be neglected: therefore, my lords, act according to what the -prophet says, ‘Viriliter agite, et confortetur cor vestrum et sustinete -Dominum.’ - -‘In truth, if ye do not act with courage, for one inconvenience that -may happen, by executing judgment, one hundred would ensue from default -of justice. Therefore, my lords, do not hesitate to do justice to my -lady of Orleans and her children from any dread of inconveniences -that may happen, but follow the dictates of our Lord,--‘Judicare -pupillo et humili ut non apponat magnificare se homo super terram.’ -Let the punishment be so exemplary that none other may henceforth -commit so great or so disgraceful a crime, and that it may be held -in perpetual memory and abhorrence. This is the object of my lady of -Orleans and her children, namely, that the crime may be atoned for as -heavily as possible in this world. In order that this atonement may -be made, my lady of Orleans and her children would willingly take the -legal steps for the infliction of capital punishment, if this could -regularly be done; but as these steps, according to the customary -usage of France, belong to the king’s attorney-general alone, they -propose that the offender shall be punished in manner following,--that -is to say, by sentence of the king and of the court, be it ordered -that our adversary, the duke of Burgundy, be brought to the castle of -the Louvre, or elsewhere, according to the king’s pleasure and that -of my clients, and there, in the presence of the king, of my lord of -Acquitaine, and the other princes of the blood, as well as of the -council and people, the duke of Burgundy, without hood or girdle, -shall, on his knees, publicly confess, with a loud voice, before my -lady of Orleans, her children, and as many other persons as she may -please, that maliciously and treacherously he has had my lord of -Orleans assassinated, through hatred, envy and ambition, and for no -other cause, notwithstanding all the charges made against him, and -other imputations thrown on his character, to justify and exculpate -himself from so base a deed; and shall demand pardon from my lady of -Orleans and her children, most humbly supplicating them to forgive his -offences, declaring that he knows of nothing prejudicial to the honour -and reputation of the said duke of Orleans deceased, and recals all he -may have said or published to the contrary. - -‘In this state he shall be carried to the court of the palace, and to -the hôtel de Saint Pol, the residence of the king, and to the spot -where the murder was committed, and there, on high stages erected for -the purpose, he shall repeat the above words before such commissioners -as my lady of Orleans and her son may please to appoint. He shall -remain on his knees, at the last place, until priests nominated for -the purpose shall have recited the seven penitential psalms, said the -litany, and the other parts of the burial service, for the soul of the -deceased, after which he shall kiss the earth, and ask pardon of God, -of my lady of Orleans, and of her children, for the offences he has -committed against them. - -‘The manner and form of this recantation, and begging pardon, shall be -written out, and copies sent to all the different towns in the kingdom -with orders for the magistrates to have them proclaimed by sound of -trumpet, that it may be notorious to all within and without the realm. - -‘And as additional reparations for such offences, and that they may -remain in perpetual remembrance, all the houses belonging to the duke -of Burgundy in Paris shall be razed to the ground, and remain in ruins -for ever. On the places where any of his houses shall have stood, there -shall be erected handsome crosses of stone, having large and strong -tablets, on which shall be written a full account of the murder of my -late lord, the duke of Orleans, and the cause of these houses being -destroyed. - -‘On the spot where my late lord was murdered shall be erected a similar -cross; and the house wherein the murderers hid themselves shall be -pulled down. This spot, and the adjoining houses, the duke of Burgundy -shall be forced to purchase, and to build thereon a handsome college -for six canons, six vicars, and six chaplains, whose nominations shall -remain with my lady of Orleans and her heirs. In this college six -masses shall be said every day for the soul of the deceased duke of -Orleans, and high mass at the usual time of canonical hours. For the -support of this college there shall be a mortmain rent of one thousand -livres parisis; and the whole shall be well furnished with dresses, -books, chalices, ornaments, and all other necessaries, at the sole -expense of the duke of Burgundy; and over the entrance shall be written -in large letters the cause of its foundation. - -‘The duke of Burgundy shall, beside, be constrained to found a college -for the salvation of the soul of the deceased, in the town of Orleans, -consisting of twelve canons, twelve vicars, and twelve clerks, which -college shall bear the name of the defunct; and the nominations to -it shall belong to my lady of Orleans, and to the heirs of the late -duke of Orleans. It shall be situated in whatever part of the late -duke’s possessions in Orleans the duchess shall please, and shall be -handsomely constructed, furnished with books and all other necessaries, -with an income of two thousand livres parisis; and a similar -inscription to the one before mentioned shall be placed over the gate. - -‘For the greater perpetuity of this event, and that it may be made -known to all foreign nations, the duke of Burgundy shall be enjoined to -erect two chapels; the one near the holy sepulchre at Jerusalem, and -the other at Rome, and assign to each the annual value of one hundred -livres in the coin of those countries, and to provide them with all -necessary furniture. In each of these chapels shall a daily mass be -said for the soul of the deceased, and over the doors shall be placed -the same inscriptions as over the colleges. - -‘The duke of Burgundy shall also be constrained to pay the sum of -one million in gold, not to the profit of my lady of Orleans or her -children, but to found and endow hospitals and monasteries, and to -distribute in alms and other works of piety for the salvation of the -soul of the defunct. - -‘That this sentence may be carried into due effect, all the lands -which the duke of Burgundy possesses in this kingdom shall be placed -in the hands of the king, that they may be sold for the accomplishment -of the above works. The duke of Burgundy shall also be condemned to -close imprisonment in whatever place it may please the king, until -the above sentence be carried into execution. After which, he shall -be banished for ever beyond sea, or at least for the space of twenty -years, to bewail and repent of his crime, or until it shall be thought -he may have sufficiently done it. On his return, he shall be ordered, -under severe penalties, never to approach within one hundred leagues of -the queen or the children of the late duke of Orleans, without being -condemned to such heavy damages, and other penalties suited to the -enormity of the case, as shall be held in perpetual remembrance. He -shall also be condemned to pay whatever costs my lady of Orleans and -her children may have occurred on this present occasion. - -‘I say, therefore, that such ought to be the judgment given for them, -and without delay, considering the notoriety and enormity of the -offence of our adversary; for it is publicly known, that the duke of -Burgundy has confessed himself guilty of it. He first made a confession -of his guilt to my lord of Berry and to the king of Sicily, giving no -reason for it but that he was urged on by the devil: he then did the -same before several noblemen. This ought therefore to weigh against -him, and convict him of the crime, without further trial: nor ought -you to suffer any sort of colouring to be admitted in palliation of -his guilt. He ought not to be heard otherwise than he has been, for -he varied not in his confessions to the different persons; and pope -Innocent approves of this, in his chapter on Free Will, and Guillermus -de Montleon, in his chapter on Clerical Constitutions. Pope Nicholas -held king Lothaire, in like manner, convicted to his prejudice in a -certain case, about which he had written to the pope, as appears in -the above chapter. This confession of king Lothaire had been made in -a letter, previously to any trial. The duke of Burgundy, therefore, -ought to be condemned from this public confession of his crime in the -presence of different persons. He has beside made a similar confession -when he appeared publicly before thee, lord of Acquitaine, when thou -didst sit in judgment representing the person of the king, and before -the princes of the blood and all the council of state. He cannot, -therefore, deny his having made such confession before competent -judges. It follows then, that no further trial is necessary, but that -sentence should immediately be passed; for confession of guilt should -be judged the fullest evidence. - -‘The law says, ‘In confitentem nullæ sunt partes judicantis.’ And -supposing, that according to some, a sentence is requisite, at least -it is certain that no trial or examination of the cause is necessary, -since this present case is extremely notorious. So has it formerly been -determined by the sentence and judgment of the kings in times past, -against several great lords of their day,--to wit, that when the facts -were notorious, no other process or inquisition was required. And so -shall it be determined, by the grace of God, in the present case,--for -so reason demands. - -‘Should it, however, be thought necessary to go into another trial, -which, from all I have said, I cannot suppose, my lady of Orleans -is ready prepared to bring forward the fullest proof of what I have -advanced, and such as must convince all reasonable persons. But as my -lady can now only offer civil conclusions, and would willingly propose -criminal ones, but that it belongs to the king’s attorney-general -according to the usage in France,--my lady, therefore, most earnestly -supplicates the king’s attorney to join with her, and propose such -sentence as the law in this case requires.’ - -These were the conclusions of my lady of Orleans and her sons,--after -which, the council of the princes of the blood, and others of the -king’s council, with the approbation of the duke of Acquitaine, made -the chancellor reply to the duchess of Orleans, that the duke of -Acquitaine, as lieutenant for the king, and representing his person, -and the princes of the blood-royal were well satisfied with her -conduct respecting her late lord the duke of Orleans: that they held -him perfectly exculpated from all the charges that had been brought -against him; and that, in regard to her requests, speedy and good -justice should be done her, so that she should be reasonably contented -therewith. - -A few days after, the young duke of Orleans, Charles, did homage for -the duchy of Orleans, and all his other possessions, to his uncle -Charles king of France: then, taking leave of the queen and dauphin, -and the princes of the blood who were in Paris, he departed with his -men at arms for Blois, whence he had come. The duchess-dowager of -Orleans remained in Paris. - - - - -CHAP. II. - - GUYE DE ROVE, ARCHBISHOP OF RHEIMS, APPEALS FROM THE - CONSTITUTIONS DRAWN UP BY THE UNIVERSITY OF PARIS, WHICH ANGERS - THAT BODY, AND THEY IMPRISON HIS COMMISSARY. - - -At this period, Guy de Roye[1], archbishop of Rheims, who had been -summoned specially by the king to attend the meeting of the prelates at -Paris, assembled to consider on the means of uniting the whole church, -neither came himself nor sent any one in his behalf. He refused to -agree to the decisions of this council, and sent a chaplain as his -commissary, with letters signed with his name and seal, to confirm his -opposition to all the statutes they had drawn up, as well for himself -and his diocese as for all his subjects within the province. - -The king and the clergy were much displeased at this conduct; and the -university of Paris requested that the commissary should be confined in -close imprisonment, where he remained for a long time. - -The cardinal of Bordeaux came at this time to Paris, partly for the -union of the church; and then also returned thither master Peter Paoul, -and the patriarch of Alexandria, named master Symon Cramant, who -had been sent by the king of France and the university of Paris, as -ambassadors to the two rival popes. - -The assembled prelates were very anxious for their arrival, that they -might be better acquainted with the business they had to manage, and on -what grounds they should proceed. Master Peter Paoul frequently rode -through the streets of Paris in his doctor’s dress, accompanied by the -cardinal riding on one side of his horse as women do. In the presence -of this cardinal and doctor, the abbot of Caudebec, of the order of -Cistercians, and doctor in theology, proposed, on the part of the -university, an union of the church. The abbot of St Denis, with other -doctors in theology, declared for an union of the universal church; -and, shortly after, the cardinal departed from Paris for Boulogne, and -thence went to Calais. - -The abbot of St Denis and another doctor of theology, who had been, by -the king’s orders, confined in the prison of the Louvre, were released, -at the request of the cardinal de Bar, and set at liberty, contrary to -the will of the university of Paris. In like manner did the bishop of -Cambray, master Peter d’Ailly, an excellent doctor of theology, gain -his liberty. He had been confined at the instance of the university, -because he was not favourable to their sentiments, and was delivered -at the entreaties of count Waleran de St Pol, and the great council of -the king. All Christendom was now divided in religious opinions, as -to the head of the church, by the contentions of the two rival popes, -who could not be brought to agree on the means to put an end to this -disgraceful schism. - - - - -CHAP. III. - - THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY ASSEMBLES A LARGE BODY OF MEN AT ARMS TO - SUCCOUR JOHN OF BAVARIA AGAINST THE LIEGEOIS, AND COMBATS THEM. - - -About this time, John duke of Burgundy was busily employed in -collecting a body of men at arms to aid his brother-in-law, the bishop -of Liege, whom, as has been said, the Liegeois had driven out of their -country, and besieged in the town of Maestricht. He sent for succour -among his friends and allies, namely, to Burgundy, Flanders, Artois, -and the borders of Picardy, whence came very many, and several from -Savoy. - -The earl of Mar, also, a Scotsman, then at Bruges, with about four -score combatants, ready to embark for Scotland, advanced into the -Tournesis, whither the duke came, and had a conference with their -principal captains in the town of Tournay. - -On the eleventh day of September, he marched thence with a -numerous body of men at arms, and a great train of artillery and -baggage-waggons to Enghien, where he was gladly received by the lord -of the place. On the morrow, he advanced to Nivelle in Brabant, within -a league of Salmes. He marched next to Flourines, where he met sir -Richard[2] Daulphin, sir William de Tignonville, lately provost of -Paris, and master William Bouratier, one of the king’s secretaries, -ambassadors to him from the king of France. Having obtained an -audience, they said they had been sent to him from the king and the -great council on two objects; first, to know whether the Liegeois and -their bishop were willing to submit their differences to the king and -the great council; secondly, to inform him of the suit urged against -him by the duchess-dowager of Orleans and her children, for the death -of the late duke of Orleans, his brother, of the replies they had made -to the charges he had brought against the late duke, and that they -demanded instant justice on him the duke of Burgundy, and that neither -law nor reason ought to prevent sentence being passed by the king -according to the conclusions that had been drawn up against him. - -The duke of Burgundy shortly answered, that in regard to the first -point, he was willing, as was right for him to do, to obey the king’s -orders, but that his brother-in-law, John of Bavaria, who had married -his sister, had most earnestly solicited his assistance against the -commonalty and his subjects of Liege, who had rebelled, and even held -him besieged. Similar requests had been made to duke William, count -of Hainault, his brother in law, and also brother-in-law to John of -Bavaria: wherefore the armaments could not now be broken up, since -during the time the ambassadors would be negotiating between the two -parties, John of Bavaria, their bishop and lord, might be in great -danger from his rebellious subjects, and their success might serve for -an example and inducement for other subjects to resist their lords, and -give rise to an universal rebellion. He added, that the king and his -council might, without any prejudice to themselves, have refrained from -so readily listening to such requests, as none of the aforesaid parties -were subjects to the kingdom of France. - -In regard to the second point, he, John duke of Burgundy, made answer, -that instantly on his return from this expedition he would wait on -the king of France, and act towards him, and all others, in a manner -becoming a good subject, and the near relationship in which he stood to -the king. - -The ambassadors, finding they could not obtain more satisfactory -answers to the points on which they were sent, were obliged to be -contented. They resolved, however, to wait the event of this expedition -against the Liegeois; and during that time there came to the duke -of Burgundy, from the country of Hainault, his brother-in-law duke -William, accompanied by the counts de Conversan, de Namur, and de -Salines, in Ardennes, with many notable lords, as well knights as -esquires, from Hainault, Holland, Zealand, Ostrevant, and other -places, to the number of twelve hundred helmets[3], or thereabout, and -two thousand infantry well equipped, with from five to six hundred -carriages laden with provision and military stores. - -Many councils were held at Flourines, and in that neighbourhood, as -to their future conduct, and whither they might march their army -with the greatest probability of success. It was determined that duke -William should command the van, and, as he advanced, destroy the whole -country with fire and sword; that the duke of Burgundy, with the earl -of Mar and the main body, should direct their march along the causeway -of Branchaut, which leads strait to Tongres and Maestricht. In the -last place, the lord de Pier-Yves[4] and the Liegeois had, as has been -before said, besieged their bishop and lord, John of Bavaria. - -In consequence of this resolution, the two dukes began their march -by different roads, and destroyed all the country on the Tuesday, -Wednesday and Thursday, and met on the Saturday evening, about vespers, -in the town of Montenach, situated on the above causeway. In this -place and neighbourhood was the whole army lodged, forming but one -body; and two marshals were appointed to command and find quarters for -it;--on the part of the duke of Burgundy, the lord de Vergy[5],--and -on that of duke William, the lord de Jeumont. They had under their -immediate orders five hundred helmets, seven hundred cross-bows, and -fifteen hundred archers, all men of tried courage, with sixteen hundred -carriages, as well carts as waggons, laden with arms, ammunition and -provision, and all other necessaries for such an expedition. - -On this Saturday, the lord de Pier-Yves, and his son the newly-elected -bishop of Liege, as they were besieging Maestricht, learnt from their -spies, that the two before-mentioned dukes were rapidly advancing -against them, and burning the country on their line of march. They -instantly raised the siege, and retreated to the city of Liege with -full forty thousand combatants, where they fixed their quarters, Liege -being only five leagues distant from Maestricht. The commanders there -held a council, with such of the inhabitants as had not been at the -siege; and at its close it was proclaimed through different parts of -the town, by orders of the governor and his son, the bishop, that every -man capable of bearing arms should, on the morrow-morning, at the sound -of a bell, be ready equipped to follow their commanders out of the town -whithersoever they might lead them. - -In consequence of this order, on the morrow, the 22d day of September -1408, there issued out of Liege, according to computation, about fifty -thousand armed men. In this number were from five to six hundred well -armed, in the french manner, on horseback, and from one hundred to six -score english archers, in their pay. They were followed by infinite -numbers of carts and other carriages, and a mob of people dressed in -various manners, according to their own fancies. - -The bell tolled at break of day, and they then sallied forth in good -array, following their governor and bishop, very eager to offer combat -to the enemy. Their governor had frequently warned them of the dangers -that might ensue from a battle, as their enemies were, for the greater -part, nobles or gentlemen accustomed to war and obedience to their -commanders, which was not the case with them; and that it would be more -to their advantage to remain within well-inclosed towns and castles -harrassing the enemy by various means, and so tiring him out that he -should be forced to quit their country. - -This advice, however, was not agreeable to the Liegeois, for it seemed -to them that their numbers were so great that the enemy could not -resist them; and they were not well pleased with what their governor -had told them. The governor, perceiving the Liegeois determined on -battle, led them into the plain, and drew them up in handsome array. He -frequently exhorted them to behave themselves valiantly, and with one -accord, this day against the enemy, who was marching to attack them, -and to defend with courage their lives and liberties. - -They marched near to Tongres, which is five leagues distant from Liege, -whither the two dukes had advanced on the Saturday; for they had -already heard the siege of Maestricht was broken up, and that the men -of Liege were intending to offer them battle. After some councils had -been holden with the captains and the most experienced in their army, -they sent off, very early on the Sunday morning, two hundred light -troops, under the command of Robert le Roux and some other noblemen -of the country, to inquire into the truth of what they had heard, and -to see what the enemy was about. They shortly returned, and told the -dukes, that the intelligence they had received was true, for that they -had seen the Liegeois in great numbers marching in battle-array. The -dukes, on hearing this, commanded their men to arm, and to draw up in -order of battle. When this was done, they marched to meet the Liegeois, -and scarcely had they advanced half a league when they appeared in -sight. - -The Liegeois also saw them, for they were near to Tongres. Both armies -advancing, the dukes then posted themselves and all their infantry -on a very advantageous spot; and thinking the enemy would attempt to -dislodge them, they formed their army into one battalion, the better to -support the attack, and placed their baggage in their rear. They posted -the greater part of their archers and cross-bows on their right and -left as wings. The lord de Miraumont this day commanded the archers, by -orders of the duke of Burgundy, and with great credit to himself. The -duke of Burgundy was on the right, and duke William on the left of the -army, each attended by his own people. - -After the proper orders had been given, and every arrangement made -according to the advice of the most experienced officers, very many -new knights were created. The men of Liege, swelled with pride, and -arrogantly considering the army of their opponents as infinitely -inferior to them, marched on the right for an eminence called the -heights of Hasbane, where they halted in handsome array. They had with -them the standard of St Lambert, and those of their different guilds; -and the reason why they had halted on this spot was, that some of their -old men had told them that it was there their ancestors had gained a -victory, and they flattered themselves with similar success. - -They then formed their army in handsome order, and played off many -cannons against their enemies, which annoyed them very much. It should -be known, that between the two armies was a narrow valley, at the -bottom of which was a ditch to carry off the water in times of rain. - -The two dukes having with their army remained stationary, observing -that the Liegeois did not seem inclined to quit their position, and -begin the battle, held a short council with their ablest officers, -and thinking success was more likely to follow the most courageous, -determined to advance slowly toward them in battle-array, on account of -the weight of their arms, and attack them where they were, before they -could fortify themselves, or increase their numbers by reinforcements. - -In consequence, five hundred men at arms, on horseback, were ordered to -attack the army of Liege on its rear, and about a thousand infantry, -under the command of the lords de Croy, de Helly, de Neufville and de -Raise, knights, with Enguerrand de Bournouville, esquire, on the part -of the duke of Burgundy; and by the lords de Hamette and de Ligne, -knights, with Robert le Roux, esquire, who instantly advanced into the -plain according to their orders. - -The Liegeois, observing so large a detachment quit the duke’s army, -and march away, as it were, thought they were running off from fear -of their great numbers, and began shouting, in their language, ‘Fuyo, -fuyo!’ and repeating this word many times. The lord de Pier-Yves, the -governor, like an able man, well versed in war, frequently, but gently, -checked them for making this noise, saying, ‘My very dear friends, -that troop on horseback which you see, are not running away, as you -suppose; but when that other body of infantry, much greater, as you -may observe, shall be advanced near enough to begin the attack, those -on horseback will instantly wheel about, like skilful soldiers, and -charge your rear, with a design to divide your army, while the others -shall attack you in front. Notwithstanding we have every appearance -of a successful issue to our battle, I have always advised you to the -contrary; and though your hearts are set upon it, as if already sure -of victory, I remain still in the same opinion,--because you are not -so well used to warfare, nor armed like to your adversaries, who have -learnt all military exercises from their childhood. This was the reason -why I proposed avoiding a battle; for it would have been more to your -advantage to have defended your towns and fortresses, and whenever a -favourable opportunity offered, to have fallen on your enemies, so that -they would have been forced to have quitted your country. However, the -day you have so ardently wished for is now come; and I beg of you to -put your hopes in God, and boldly and steadily exert yourselves in the -defence of your country against the enemy now marching to attack you.’ - -Having finished this speech, he wanted to mount some of his most -determined men on horseback to oppose the detachment then on the -plain; but in truth the commonalty would not suffer it to be done, and -uttered against him many reproaches, calling him a traitor. - -He patiently suffered their rude ignorance, and hastily commanded the -army to be formed into a square, in the front of which was a body drawn -up in the form of a triangle,--and the carts and baggage were towards -the rear, on the right and left of his army, handsomely arranged: their -horses were in the rear, on one of the wings, intermixed with their -archers and cross-bows,--but they were of little value, except the -english archers, who were better disposed of in other places. - -The lord de Pier-Yves, accompanied by his son the bishop and some of -his best companions in arms, like a good commander, posted himself at -the head of his army, fronting the enemy. - -During this time, the two dukes began their march, gaily exhorting -their men to behave themselves gallantly against the enemy, a rude -and ignorant people, who had rebelled against their lord, and who -confidently trusted in their superior numbers for success,--telling -their men, that if they acted as they expected they would, victory -would infallibly be theirs, and they would gain everlasting honour. - -When the dukes had made such like speeches, they retired to their -posts, and under their banners, and advanced slowly toward the enemy, -who kept up a heavy fire against them with their cannons. - -The banner-bearer of the duke of Burgundy was a very valiant knight, -called sir James de Courtjambe, who, accidentally falling on his knees -as he marched, alarmed many, who thought it was an unfavourable omen -of their success; but he was soon raised by the help of those of his -guard, and behaved himself honourably the whole day. This knight was a -native of Burgundy. The banner of duke William was that day borne by -a gallant knight, called sir Hoste d’Escaussines, who behaved himself -right well. - -When the two armies met, the conflict became very severe on each side, -and lasted for upwards of an hour, when many deadly blows were given -by both parties. At this moment, the detachment on horseback, with -the infantry, according to their orders, advanced to the rear of the -Liegeois; but from the position of their baggage-waggons, they had -much difficulty to force their way. At length, by dint of courage, they -succeeded, and, having gained an entrance, began to lay about them so -vigorously that the army of the enemy was divided,--and they saw full -six thousand Liegeois quit their ranks, with their guns and the banners -of their guilds, and take flight with all speed towards a village half -a league from the field of battle. - -When the detachment perceived this, they left off the attack they had -begun, and pursued the runaways, whom they charged, not once, but -several times, beating down and slaying them without mercy,--and, in -short, routed them so effectually that, through fear of death, they -fled here and there, into woods and other places, to hide themselves. - -This party of the Liegeois being either killed, dispersed, or taken -prisoners, the horsemen returned to their main body, gallantly fighting -the enemy, who, it must be said, defended themselves courageously. In -truth, the event of this battle was some time doubtful,--for, during -one half hour, it could not be known which side would be victorious. -The noise of their war-cries was frightful:--the Burgundians and -Hainaulters shouted under their banners, ‘Our Lady for Burgundy! Our -Lady for Hainault!’ and the Liegeois, in their turn, shouted, ‘St -Lambert for Pier-Yves!’ - -The men of Liege would perhaps have conquered, if this detachment on -horseback, when returned from the defeat of the runaways, had not again -fallen on their rear, and behaved so marvellously well that those who -opposed them were pierced through, and all attempts to check them were -vain. A great slaughter was made by them in a short time, for none were -admitted to ransom; and by their vigour whole ranks fell one over the -other, for now all the weight and power of the infantry were brought -against them. - -The defeat once begun, there were such heaps of dead and wounded that -it was melancholy to behold, for they were thicker in many places than -stooks of corn in harvest. This ought not to occasion surprise; for -when the common people are assembled, badly armed, and puffed up with -their extravagant desires, although they be in great numbers, yet shall -they hardly be able to resist an army composed of noblemen well tried -in arms, even when God shall permit it so to be. At this period of -the battle, and near to the banner of the duke of Burgundy, where the -conflict was the strongest, fell the lord de Pierre-Yves and his two -sons,--namely, the one who had been elected bishop of Liege and his -brother: they were instantly put to death. - -The heir of Salmes[6], who bore the standard of St Lambert, namely, -the eldest son to the count de Salmes[6], who was in the army of the -two dukes; sir John Collet, and many other knights and esquires to -the amount of upwards of five hundred; all the english archers, and -about twenty-eight thousand of the commonalty, were left dead on the -field,--and more perished by arrow-shots than by any other weapon. - -Sir Baldwin de Montgardin, knight, to save his life, surrendered -himself to the duke of Burgundy:--he was led out of the engagement, and -afterward given by the duke to sir Wicart de Bours. - -I have no need to particularise the great courage and coolness of the -duke of Burgundy, nor how he galloped to different parts of the army, -exhorting them to act well,--nor how, until the end of the battle, -he most gallantly behaved himself,--for in truth, his conduct was -such that he was praised and spoken of by all knights and others; -and although he was frequently covered with arrows and other missile -weapons, he did not on that day lose one drop of blood. - -When he was asked after the defeat, if they should cease from slaying -the Liegeois, he replied, ‘Let them all die together! for I will not -that any prisoners be made, nor that any be ransomed!!’ - -In the like gallant manner did duke William, the other princes, and in -general the whole body of the chivalry and nobility of the two dukes -behave themselves. There were slain from five to six hundred of their -men; and among the number were, John de la Chapelle, knight to the -above duke,--sir Flourimont de Brimeu, John de la Trimouille, who on -this day had been made a knight,--Hugotin de Nambon, John de Theune, -viscount de Brimequet, a native of Hainault,--Rollant de la Mote, and -others, to the amount of one hundred and six score gentlemen: the rest -were varlets[7]. - -Just as the dukes had gained the victory, about two thousand men made -a sally from Tongres, to assist the Liegemen. When they saw they were -defeated, they retreated to their town, but were so closely pursued by -the body of horse that had done such essential service that very many -of them were killed. - -The two dukes, seeing their victory was now complete, met, and returned -thanks to the Creator, congratulating with one another for their -success. They had tents pitched on the field of battle, and remained -there for three days and three nights. - -The french ambassadors, having now taken their leave, departed for -Tournay, and continued their road to Paris to the king and his council; -but prior to their departure, the duke of Burgundy had dispatched a -messenger to the king of France, with letters to inform him and his -good friends in Paris of the fortunate event of the battle. This news -was not very agreeable to many who were intending to urge the king -to prosecute the duke of Burgundy for the murder of the late duke of -Orleans,--and on the contrary, it gave great joy to his friends. - -On Monday, the morrow of the battle, about the hour of twelve, John -of Bavaria, bishop of Liege, attended by the heir of Heinseberg, and -several others, nobles and not nobles, to the number of six hundred -helmets, or thereabout, came from the town of Maestricht, wherein -they had been besieged, to the camp of the two dukes, and most humbly -thanked them for the succour they had afforded him. He and his party -were received with much joy; and, on his arrival, he was presented with -the head of the lord de Pier-Yves, which had been found among the dead, -with his two sons, and was fixed to the top of a lance, that all who -pleased might see it! - -On the following Tuesday, the feast of St Fremin, a martyr, the -inhabitants of Liege, Huy, Dinant and Tongres, and of all the other -good towns in the bishoprick of Liege, excepting the castle of -Bouillon, hearing of the great destruction of their countrymen, and the -power of their enemies, were panic-struck, and, seeing no probability -of any assistance, surrendered themselves to the obedience of the dukes -of Burgundy and of Holland. They sent to them ambassadors to this -effect, and also to supplicate John of Bavaria, their bishop and lord, -that he would graciously have pity upon them, and grant them his pardon. - -The bishop, through the intercession of the two dukes, complied with -their request, on condition that such as had been most active in -promoting the rebellion, many of whom were still alive, whose names -they would set down, should be given up to the two dukes, to do by them -as they in their justice should think right; and each of the towns gave -sufficient hostages for the due performance of the terms. - -On the ensuing Thursday, the two dukes and the bishop, with the whole -army, broke up the camp, and advanced toward the town of Liege. The -duke of Burgundy was quartered in the town of Flauye, on the river -Meuse, one league distant from Liege, and duke William among the -mountains. - -On the following Sunday, the dukes and the bishop held a full council, -to which all their ministers were admitted, on the present state of -affairs. Other councils were continued until the Tuesday, when the -bishop made his entry into Liege, and was received with great humility -by the remnant of its inhabitants. The most culpable in the late -rebellion had been before arrested and thrown into prison in this and -in all the other towns. - -The bishop went first to the cathedral church of St Lambert to offer -his prayers, and reconcile himself with the chapter: after this he went -to his palace, when he was most humbly entreated by the people to have -mercy on them, which he granted; and, shortly after, he returned to the -camp of the two dukes. - -About two o’clock in the afternoon, on the morrow, the dukes and the -bishop, with several nobles of the army, assembled on an elevated spot -near the camp, whither sir John de Jeumont, marshal to duke William, -by the commands of the two dukes and the bishop, had ordered the heir -of Rochefort, a rich nobleman, John de Saramie[8], knight, and fifteen -other citizens, to be brought from the town, and had their heads cut -off, one after another, by the executioner. Many churchmen, and some -women, were also drowned in the Meuse for having been concerned in the -rebellion! - -On the morrow, the dukes and the bishop moved with the army to a town -three leagues distant, called Beaucloquet, where many conferences -were held, on the state of the country. The count de Nevers joined -his brother, the duke of Burgundy, at this place, with four hundred -combatants. Hither also sir John de Jeumont ordered nineteen citizens -from the town of Huy to be brought, who underwent a similar punishment -to those of Liege, and for the same cause; and, as before, many -churchmen and women were drowned[9]. - -Amé de Viry, a Savoyard, a nobleman well experienced in war, came -hither also to aid the duke of Burgundy, and accompanied by three -hundred helmets from that country. When the dukes and the bishop had -for several days consulted together on the affairs of Liege, it was at -length concluded, with the approbation of John of Bavaria, now surnamed -John the Pitiless, that they should all meet again in the city of -Tournay, on St Luke’s day next ensuing, to determine finally on the -measures to be pursued touching these matters. - -After many executions had taken place in the bishoprick of Liege -on those who had been concerned in the rebellion, and when the -fortifications of the towns of Huy, Dinant and others, had been -destroyed, the two dukes began their march homeward, taking with them -a number of persons from Liege, who had been given as hostages for the -observance of all the articles of the treaty that should be made with -them. Some of them were sent by duke William to Mons and Valenciennes, -and some to Lille, Arras, and other places belonging to the duke of -Burgundy, who went to his county of Flanders, and duke William to -Hainault, after they had disbanded their men at arms. The greater part -returned to their homes much enriched by the plunder of the Liegeois, -who, thunderstruck by the misfortune that had befallen them, became -stupified and indolent. - -Many great lords attended the duke of Burgundy on this expedition: -among them were, from Burgundy, sir John de Châlons[10], sir Gaultier -de Ruples, the lord de Vergy[11], marshal of Burgundy, the lord de St -George, sir John de la Balme[12], sir William de Champ-divers, sir -James de Courtjambe, the lord de Montagu, and many more. From Picardy, -the lords de Croy[13], de Heilly, de Fosseux, de Vaurin, sir Bort -Guieret and his brothers, the lord of Inchy, the lord of Raisse, the -lord de Brimeu, sir Regnault de Crequy lord of Comtes[14], Enguerrand -de Bournouville, the lord de Ront, sir Raoul de Flandres, the lord de -Poix, sir Wincart de Bours, the lord d’Auxy, the lord de Mailly, the -lord de Thiennes and the lord d’Azincourt. From Flanders, sir John and -sir Louis de Guystelle, the lord de Hames, sir John de Bailleul, sir -Collart de Fosseux, and others, the principal nobles of the country. - -In like manner, duke William had assembled his nobles, with many -others, his allies; among whom was sir John de Bethune, brother to the -viscount de Meaux. Common report said, that Anthony duke of Brabant, -brother to the duke of Burgundy, and Waleran de Luxembourg count -de St Pol, had refused their assistance, because they had not been -made acquainted with the terms and agreements entered into by John -of Bavaria on the one part, and the lord de Pier-Yves on the other, -for the resignation of the bishoprick of Liege. They also made other -excuses. - -When the day appointed for the meeting of the duke of Burgundy, duke -William and the bishop of Liege, in the town of Tournay, for the final -settlement of the affairs of Liege drew near, the inhabitants of -that town sent them a petition, by ambassadors chosen from among the -principal citizens, to request they would fix on some other town, as -the numbers of their attendants would greatly harrass and impoverish -them, considering the very small stock of provision that was in -Tournay. Their request was granted,--and the town of Lille was chosen -for their meeting on the day that had before been fixed on. - -Thither all the hostages from Liege were conducted, and brought into -the presence of the aforesaid dukes and bishop, with several more that -had been deputed to hear what judgment should be given, which was as -follows: - -‘The dukes of Burgundy and Holland declare, that this their judgment -shall be punctually fulfilled in every respect, with regard to the -present time, reserving to themselves the power of making any future -alterations in it as often as, and in what manner, they shall please. - -‘First, They consent that the inhabitants of Liege, of the towns and -country of that bishoprick, situated within the district of Liege, -the country of Los, the countries of Hasbane, St Tron, the territory -of Bouillon, shall enjoy their customary franchises and privileges. -They order, that the citizens of Liege, and of the other towns above -named, do bring to the monastery des Escolliers, in the town of Mons -in Hainault, on the morrow of Martinmas-day next ensuing, all the -letters patent and charters of their laws and privileges, which they -possess,--which they will deliver into the hands of such as may be -commissioned by the said dukes to receive them. Those who bring them -shall make oath, on the salvation of their own souls, and of the souls -of them who sent them, that they have not fraudulently left behind any -charters of their laws and privileges. - -‘Item, the dukes aforesaid declare, that should the city of Liege, or -any other town, neglect to send, or fraudulently retain, any of their -charters, that town so retaining them shall be for ever deprived of its -privileges and particular laws. - -‘Item, the lords aforesaid will, that these charters and letters -patent be delivered to the commissioners punctually on the morrow of -Martinmas-day. - -‘Item, they likewise ordain, that when these charters and privileges -shall have been duly examined, and new ones drawn up and delivered, -neither the bishop of Liege nor his chapter shall grant any new -privileges to the inhabitants, without the consent of the two dukes or -their successors. - -‘Item, they also ordain, that henceforward the commonalty shall not -appoint or nominate, in the aforesaid towns and bishoprick, any -officers, such as governors, masters of trades, doctors of arts,--but -that from this day all such offices be annulled. - -‘Item, they ordain, that all bailiffs, provosts, mayors, and others -bearing similar titles, shall be nominated by the bishop of Liege -and the count de Los;--and also, that the sheriffs in such towns as -claim the right of shrievalty shall be renewed yearly, and a certain -number appointed according to the exigency of the case and size of the -towns. In no large town shall father and son, two brothers-in-law, two -cousins-german, the uncle and nephew, nor anyone who has married the -mother of another, be appointed sheriffs at the same time, in order -that no improper favours be shewn from partiality of kindred. All -officers shall swear solemnly on their creation, to preserve and abide -by every article and point contained in the constitution delivered to -them. - -‘Item, they ordain, that the bishop of Liege may, each year, at the -expiration of the shrievalty, appoint such sheriffs as he shall please, -or re-appoint those of the preceding year, or others according to his -good pleasure, provided they are not any way connected by blood, as -has been before mentioned. All disputes respecting the persons or -fortunes of the inhabitants of the different towns having sheriffs, -shall be brought before their jurisdictions,--and at the end of the -year, the sheriffs shall be bound to render an account of their -administration before their lord, the bishop of Liege, or his deputies, -and before one commissary deputed by the chapter, and another on the -part of the different churches. - -‘Item, they ordain, that all guilds and fraternities in the city of -Liege, and in all the other towns, shall henceforth cease and be -annulled; and that the banners of the above guilds in Liege shall be -delivered up to commissaries, on an appointed day that shall be made -known to them; and the banners of the other towns shall be brought -by the inhabitants to a certain place on an appointed day, to the -commissioners named to receive them, and who shall do with them as they -may judge expedient. - -‘Item, they also ordain, that in the above city, and in the towns -within the said bishoprick, no one shall be reputed a citizen unless -he shall have really resided within such town in which he shall claim -his right of citizenship. And all such rights of citizenship are for -the present annulled; for although there may be resident citizens in -the aforesaid towns, they cannot, in such right, claim any moveables by -reason of inheritance, without the cognizance of the lords under whom -such persons have lived, and in whose territory such inheritances are -situated. - -‘Item, they ordain, that from this moment, and in times to come, the -towns of Huy, Dinant, and others within the territory of Liege, the -country of Los, the country of Hasbane, and all within the jurisdiction -of Liege, shall no longer call together any assembly, or congregation -of people, under pretence of holding councils or otherwise, without the -consent of their aforesaid bishop and lord, or of the chapter of Liege, -should the bishoprick at the time be vacant. - -‘Item, they ordain, that the bishop of Liege, or any others having the -government of the said territory and its dependancies, shall never bear -arms against the king or kings of France, their successors; nor against -the two said dukes, their successors in the said duchies and counties; -nor against the count de Namur for the time being, or his successors; -nor against any of the countries, of the aforesaid, except when ordered -by the emperor, and only when the emperor shall be himself present: -provided, nevertheless, that the king of France and the above-mentioned -persons do not invade the territories of the bishop and chapter of -Liege. - -‘Item, they likewise ordain, that in perpetual remembrance of this -victory, and the conquest made over them by the above two dukes, they -and their successors shall have a free passage, whenever they may -choose to cross the river Meuse, through all towns in the territory of -Liege, fortified or not, and with a body of men at arms or with few -attendants according to their pleasure,--provided they do not permit -any of the inhabitants of the said towns, villages, or country through -which they shall pass, to be any way molested by their men,--and -provisions shall be found them for their money, without demanding -higher prices for the articles than they are usually sold for. - -‘Item, they ordain, that the coin of the aforesaid dukes and their -successors shall have free currency throughout the territories and -dependancies of the bishop and chapter of Liege. - -‘Item, they ordain, that a chapel shall be erected on the spot where -the last victory was gained, and funds allotted for the support of four -chaplains and two priests; and the said chapels shall be furnished -with chasubles, chalices, and other ornaments for celebrating mass -and such other divine services as shall be thought advisable for the -eternal welfare of the souls of those who were slain in that battle. -The nomination to the above benefices shall remain with the two dukes, -according to regulations which they shall hereafter make between -themselves,--the Liegeois only to be once at the expense of providing -this chapel with sacred vessels and ornaments. The bishop of Liege -shall allot from his revenues two hundred golden crowns of annual rent -for the support of the four chaplains and two priests; that is to say, -for each chaplain forty crowns, for each priest ten crowns, and for the -repairs of the chapel twenty crowns. - -‘Item, the said dukes will, that on the twenty-third day of every month -of September, on which day the battle took place, a mass shall be -celebrated to the blessed Virgin, with great solemnity, by the provost -or dean of the church of St Lambert, in Liege, who shall chaunt it in -the choir and at the grand altar, in commemoration of this victory, -and for the welfare of the souls of those who fell in battle. The same -shall be required of all the churches and chapels to monasteries, as -well for men as women, within the said town of Liege, as of all others -within its jurisdiction. - -‘Item, the said dukes require from the bishop of Liege and the chapter, -that they strictly enjoin such services to be regularly performed on -every twenty-third day of September throughout the diocese; and that -all priests, after the performing of this service, shall be suffered -peaceably to return to their homes. - -‘Item, they ordain, that the bishop of Liege and his successors, and -such as may have the government of the country in times of a vacancy -in the see, and the members of the chapter of Liege, shall appoint -such governor of the castle of Huy as they shall approve of: in which -castle, likewise, they shall not place a greater garrison, nor more -stores of provision, than they shall judge expedient, like as an -upright lord shall determine. They also insist on having a free ingress -and regress into and from the town of Huy and the adjacent country. -They likewise ordain the same regulations respecting the castles of -Escoquehen[15] and Bouillon, as to their governors, garrisons and -stores. - -‘Item, the aforesaid dukes ordain, that should any one, however -high his rank, attempt, by force, or otherwise, to deprive those of -such gifts and preferments in the church, or any other offices for -life, as have been usually granted by the bishops of Liege and their -predecessors, the members of the chapter of Liege shall be bound to -restore, and defend them in, their possessions to the utmost of their -power, without any fraud whatever. - -‘Item, as there are still living many perverse conspirators, who are -now fugitives from the territories of Liege and county of Los, and -have retired into the neighbouring countries, where they have been -received, the dukes aforesaid will appoint proper commissioners to -make inquiry whither such wicked persons have gone, and publish their -names. On the discovery of the places to which they have withdrawn, -applications shall be made to the princes and lords thereof, that they -may be surrendered to the bishop of Liege, for him to inflict on them -the punishments due to their deserts, or at least that such princes -and lords may drive them out of their respective countries. But should -these lords refuse to comply, or to do justice on such conspirators, -they shall be for ever banished from the bishoprick of Liege, the -county of Los, and their dependancies, as conspirators and movers of -sedition; and it shall be proclaimed throughout the above countries, -that no one receive them within their houses, but deliver them up -to justice, should any attempt to return, demanding assistance from -their lord, should there be a necessity for it. Should they be unable -to arrest them, they shall denounce them to the nearest officers of -justice, under pain of suffering corporal punishment, and having their -fortunes confiscated, as would have been done to such conspirators -and rebels. While exerting themselves in the performance of this -duty, should they accidentally put to death any of such rebels, no -consequences shall ensue to their loss. - -‘Item, they ordain that the walls of the castle of Thuin, with its -gates and towers, be razed, as well the part toward the town as that -toward the mountain, and the ditches filled up. - -‘Item, the same to be done to the town of Fosse and to the town -and castle of Commun,--which towns shall not be repaired. And in -like manner shall all the posts on the river Sambre be destroyed, -the ditches filled, and neither they nor the towns shall be ever -again repaired, so that they may serve for places of defence to the -inhabitants, on any pretence, in future times. - -‘Item, the gates, walls and towers of Dinant shall be pulled down, as -well on the opposite side of the Meuse as on this; and the inhabitants -shall never rebuild them again. - -‘Item, the inhabitants of the said towns of Thuin, Fosse, Commun and -Dinant, or any persons from other towns, shall not rebuild or repair -the fortified places between or on the two rivers Sambre and Meuse, on -the road to Namur. - -‘Item, one of the gates of Tongres shall also be razed, namely, that -which leads to Maestricht, with forty feet of wall on each side of the -said gate, without a possibility of its ever being re-erected. The town -of Tongres shall likewise, at its own expense, cause to be filled up -the trenches they had opened before the said town, when they besieged -their lord within it, because they had put the country of Liege under -heavy taxes, and had subjugated it. - -‘And whereas it is notorious, that very great losses have attended this -subjugation, the aforesaid dukes will, that an aid be levied on this -city, and the towns before mentioned, to the amount of two hundred and -twenty thousand golden crowns, which shall be raised as soon as may be, -being levied in proportion to the comparative riches of each inhabitant. - -‘Item, in case any of the hostages shall die before all the articles -of this treaty are completed, the aforesaid lords will, that the town -or district whence such hostage or hostages shall have been sent, do -instantly furnish others of the same rank and property as those who -have died. - -‘Item, they ordain, that when this treaty shall be properly engrossed, -the bishop of Liege, his chapter, and the principal inhabitants, shall -come to sign it, and engage, that should any articles of it be not -completed according to the exact tenor of the terms, then for each -omission or neglect the bishop, his successors, the chapter and chief -towns shall forfeit two hundred thousand golden crowns of the coin of -the king of France, or other florins of gold of France, of the value -of the aforesaid crowns. That is to say, fifty thousand to the then -emperor or king of the Romans; to the king of France fifty thousand; -and to each of the said dukes the like sum;--the whole to be levied on -the lands and moveables of the said Liegeois, by seizure of their goods -and bodies wherever they may be. - -‘They are likewise to signify their consent, that should obstacles be -thrown in the way by any of the said towns to prevent the articles -of the said treaty from being carried into effect, the bishop of -Liege, and the archbishop of Cologne for the time being, shall be the -arbitrators between such towns,--and their decision shall be final. - -‘When a legal pope shall be elected, and his authority over the whole -church of God be acknowledged, then such as make opposition to the -execution of the above treaty shall be laid under an interdict, which -shall not be taken off, until sufficient reparation be made, and the -aforesaid pecuniary forfeitures be paid. - -‘Should any of the towns, or their inhabitants, offer any insult, in -contradiction to the above treaty, to either of the said dukes or -their successors, the bishop of Liege, or his vicar in his absence, -the chapter and citizens shall be required to constrain the offenders -to make full reparation within one month from the time of complaint -being made. And should such reparation not be made within the month, -as aforesaid, after the summons to that effect has been delivered, the -country shall be liable to the same fines as before mentioned. - -‘The dukes of Burgundy and of Holland order, that all these articles be -fairly engrossed, and then sealed with their seals, and then given to -the lord bishop of Liege, or to his chapter, with a copy for the city -of Liege and one for each principal town. In return, the bishop and the -towns shall give to the dukes aforesaid letters signed with their great -seals acknowledging the receipt of the above treaty, and promising -obedience to all the articles of it, and binding themselves to the -fines therein mentioned. - -‘As many noble persons and others, as well secular as ecclesiastic, -have presented many petitions to complain of the great losses they have -suffered during the late rebellion, and specifying their particular -grievances,--the dukes aforesaid, not having had time to examine them -with the attention they deserve, will have them examined with all -possible speed, and will attend to each of them.’ - -The whole of the above, having been written out fair, was, by the -command of the two dukes aforesaid, publicly proclaimed in the great -hall at Lille, and in their presence, the 24th day of October, in the -year 1408. - - - - -CHAP. IV. - - THE KING OF FRANCE HOLDS A GRAND COUNCIL AT PARIS, TO CONSIDER - ON THE MANNER OF PROCEEDING AGAINST THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY FOR - THE MURDER OF THE DUKE OF ORLEANS. - - -During the expedition of the duke of Burgundy against the Liegeois, a -great many of the principal lords were, by the king’s orders, assembled -at Paris. Among them were, Louis king of Sicily, Charles king of -Navarre, the duke of Brittany, the duke of Bourbon, and several others, -the greater part of whom were friendly to the duchess-dowager of -Orleans and her children in their prosecution of the duke of Burgundy. -Many councils were held as to the manner in which the king should -proceed against the duke of Burgundy, who was the principal actor in -this murder, as has been before explained. - -It was at length determined in these councils, that a most rigorous -prosecution, in conformity to the laws, should be carried on against -him; and should he refuse to obey, the king, with all his subjects -and vassals, should march, with as great a force as could be raised, -against him, to bring him and his abettors to due obedience. - -At the same time, at the solicitations of the duchess of Orleans -and her children, the king annulled all his letters of pardon which -he had formerly granted to the duke of Burgundy, and declared them -of no weight, in the presence of the queen, the duke of Acquitaine, -the princes of the blood, and the whole of the council. The duchess -demanded and obtained letters, confirming this renunciation of the -pardon; after which, she and her daughter-in-law, wife to the young -duke of Orleans, left Paris, and returned to Blois. - -Not long after this, news came to Paris of the great victory which -the duke of Burgundy had gained over the Liegeois. This was confirmed -by the return of the king’s ambassadors, sir Guichard Daulphin and -sir William de Tignonville, who, as has been related, were present at -the battle, and gave to the king and the lords then in Paris a most -circumstantial account of it. On hearing this, several who had been -most violent against the duke of Burgundy, now hung their heads, and -began to be of a contrary opinion to what they had before held, fearing -the steadiness, boldness and power of the duke, who was said to have a -mind equal to the support of any misfortunes that should happen to him, -and which would encourage him to oppose and conquer all attempts of his -adversaries. In short, all the measures that had been adopted against -him were dropped, and the men at arms were ordered to return to the -places whence they had come. - -Ambassadors had arrived from England to treat of a peace, or a truce -for one year, between the kings of England and of France, which having -obtained, they set out on their return, through Amiens and Boulogne, -to Calais. On the road, they heard of the grand victory of the duke -of Burgundy, which surprised them very much,--and they gave him the -surname of ‘Jean sans peur.’ - -The duke of Burgundy was very active in attaching to his party noblemen -and warriors from all countries, to strengthen himself against his -enemies, of whom he was given to understand that he had many. He -held on this subject several consultations with his two brothers and -brothers-in-law, namely, duke William of Holland and John of Bavaria, -to which were admitted his most trusty friends; and they deliberated -long on the manner in which he should now carry himself. It was at -length finally concluded, that he should openly oppose all, excepting -the king of France and the duke of Acquitaine; and those present -promised him aid and support with all the power of their vassals, on -these terms. - - - - -CHAP. V. - - THE KING OF FRANCE IS CARRIED, BY THE PRINCES OF THE BLOOD, - TO TOURS IN TOURAINE.----PEACE IS MADE IN THE TOWN OF - CHARTRES.--THE DEATH OF THE DOWAGER DUCHESS OF ORLEANS. - - -The king of France left Paris, accompanied by the kings of Sicily and -Navarre, the queen, the duke of Acquitaine, the dukes of Berry and -Bourbon, who, with others of the blood-royal, conducted him, under -the escort of a large body of men at arms, to Tours in Touraine, as -his place of residence,--to the great displeasure of the inhabitants -of Paris, who were so much troubled thereat that they barricadoed the -streets with chains. They hastily sent to inform the duke of Burgundy, -at Lille, of the king’s departure, giving him to understand that the -greater part of those who had carried him away from Paris were not well -inclined towards him. - -This intelligence was not very agreeable to the duke, for he suspected -that the king had only been conducted to Tours that his enemies might -carry their measures against him more securely; for the lords who had -the government knew well that the Parisians loved the duke of Burgundy, -and would not that any other should have the government of the kingdom, -believing, from the hints he had thrown out, that when in power he -would abolish all gabelles and other taxes which oppressed the people. - -The duke of Burgundy first consulted the dukes of Brabant and of -Holland, and other steady friends, and then remanded his men at arms -from Burgundy, who were on their march to their own country from Liege, -and assembled another body from various parts. He advanced to Roye, in -the Vermandois, where he mustered his men, and then marched them toward -Paris. He quartered himself, on the 23d day of November, in the town of -St Denis, and his forces in the adjacent country. On the morrow, as he -was advancing with his men at arms in array toward Paris, two thousand -or more combatants sallied out thence, and conducted him, with every -mark of honour, to his hôtel of Artois. - -Many of the Parisians sung carols in the squares, although all -rejoicings had been strictly forbidden on his arrival, to avoid -increasing the envy of the princes of the blood. Some of the king’s -servants said to those who were singing carols, ‘You may otherwise -show your joy for his arrival, but you ought not thus to sing.’ -Notwithstanding this, all the principal citizens, and those in -authority, showed him as much honour and respect as if he had been king -himself. - -A few days afterward, duke William, count of Hainault, arrived at -Paris, well accompanied by unarmed men, and, at the request of the -duke of Burgundy, set out for Tours, attended by the lords de Croy, -de St George, de la Viefville, d’Olhaz, and others of the council of -the duke, to negotiate his peace with the king, and the lords who had -carried him from Paris. The count of Hainault was most honourably -received at Tours by the king, the queen, and the other great lords; -for the marriage had taken place between John duke of Touraine, second -son to the king, and the daughter of the duke of Burgundy: he was also -nearly related to the queen. - -On the conclusion of the feasts made on his arrival, the count of -Hainault and those who had accompanied him opened, in full council, -the business of their mission, namely, to make peace for the duke -of Burgundy. After many discussions, it was resolved, that the king -should send certain persons, selected by him, to hold a conference with -the duke of Burgundy at Paris, and point out to him the means of his -regaining the good graces of the king. - -Duke Louis of Bavaria, brother to the queen, Montagu grand master of -the king’s household, and other experienced counsellors, were nominated -for this purpose; and they returned with the count de Hainault to -Paris, when what had passed was told to the duke of Burgundy. - -As all the circumstances of this treaty were not agreeable to the duke, -and as he had many suspicions respecting Montagu, he was not disposed -to receive the negotiators in the way they were sent to him. He even -personally made many reproaches to Montagu, who bore them patiently, -excusing himself for any thing that had passed. The treaty, however, -having been altered and corrected, was sent back to the king at Tours, -and in the end agreed to in the manner you shall hear. - -While these negotiations were going forward, and before their -conclusion, the duchess-dowager of Orleans, daughter to Galeazzo duke -of Milan, died in the town of Blois, broken-hearted at not having been -able to obtain justice from the king and council against the duke of -Burgundy for the murder of her late lord and husband, Louis duke of -Orleans. The duke of Burgundy was much rejoiced at this event, for the -duchess had bitterly carried on her prosecution against him. - -Her heart was buried at Paris, near that of her husband, and her body -in the church of the canons at Blois. After her death, Charles, her -eldest son, was duke of Orleans and of Valois, count of Blois and of -Beaumont, lord of Coni and of Ast, with many other lordships:--Philip, -the second son, was count of Vertus,--and John, the youngest, was named -count of Angoulême. These three brothers, and one sister, thus became -orphans, but they had been very well educated; yet, by the deaths of -the duke and duchess of Orleans, they were much weakened in support -and advice,--and several of the king’s ministers were not so zealous -to prosecute the duke of Burgundy as they had been. This was very -apparent in the negotiations which took place some little time after -the death of the duchess, between the duke of Burgundy and the children -of Orleans; for although the treaty sent by the king was not wholly to -the liking of the duke, as has been said, yet it was so corrected that -the parties accepted of it, in the following terms: - -First, it was ordered by the king and his great council, that the duke -of Burgundy should depart from Paris with his men at arms, and return -to his own country, where he was to remain until a certain day, namely, -the first Wednesday in February, when he was to meet the king at the -town of Chartres, accompanied only by one hundred gentlemen at arms, -and the children of Orleans with fifty. It was also ordered, that duke -William, count of Hainault, should have under his command four hundred -of the king’s men at arms, to preserve the peace. It was also ordered, -that the duke of Burgundy, when he appeared before the king, should be -attended by one of his council, who should repeat the words he was to -say; and the duke, in confirmation of them, was to add, ‘We will and -agree that it should be thus.’ - -Afterward, according to the tenor of the treaty, the king was to say to -the duke of Burgundy, ‘We will, that the count de Vertus, our nephew, -have one of your daughters in marriage.’ The duke was by this treaty to -assign over to his daughter three thousand livres parisis yearly, and -give her one hundred and fifty thousand golden francs. - -When this treaty had been concluded, duke William set out from Paris -for Hainault; and shortly after, the duke of Burgundy disbanded his men -at arms, and left Paris to go to Lille, whither he had summoned the -duke of Brabant his brother, duke William and the bishop of Liege, his -brothers-in-law, and many other great lords. - -At this period, there was a great quarrel between the duke of Brabant -and duke William. It was caused by the father of duke William having -borrowed in former times from the late duchess of Brabant one hundred -and fifty thousand florins to carry on a war against some of his -rebellious subjects in Holland, which sum the duke of Brabant had -claimed as belonging to him. He had in consequence, by the advice -of his Brabanters, taken possession of a castle called Heusden[16], -situated between Brabant and Holland. - -The duke of Burgundy took great pains to make up the quarrel between -these two princes, that they might the more effectually assist him in -his plans, which were very extensive. After this business had been -settled, and the parties had separated, duke William assembled in -Hainault, according to the king of France’s orders, four hundred men -at arms and as many archers. The principal lords among them were, the -counts de Namur, de Conversant and de Salmes. The duke of Burgundy, -conformably to the treaty, set out, the day after Ash-Wednesday, -attended by his son-in-law the count de Penthievre[17], and lay at -Bapaume. Thence he went to Paris, with duke William, the above-named -lords, the count de St Pol, the count de Vaudemont[18], and several -others of the nobility. - -On Saturday, the 2d day of March, they arrived all together at the -town of Gallardon, four leagues distant from Chartres. The Wednesday -following, duke William of Holland advanced with his body of forces to -Chartres, where the king then was. On the ensuing Saturday, the duke -of Burgundy set out from Gallardon, to wait on the king, escorted by -six hundred men at arms; but when he approached Chartres, he dismissed -them all, excepting one hundred light horsemen, in compliance with the -treaty, and thus entered Chartres about ten o’clock in the morning, -riding strait to the church as far as the cloisters of the canons, -where he was lodged. - -At this same time, the duke of Orleans, in company with his brother the -count de Vertus, and, according to the treaty, attended by only fifty -men at arms, entered the church of our Lady at Chartres, with the king -their uncle, the queen, the duke of Acquitaine, and several princes of -the blood. - -That the king and lords might not be pressed upon by the spectators, -and that all might plainly see the ceremony, a scaffolding was erected -in the church, on which the king was seated near the crucifix. Round -him were placed the queen, the dauphin and dauphiness, daughter to the -duke of Burgundy, the kings of Sicily and Navarre, the dukes of Berry -and Bourbon; the cardinal de Bar, the marquis du Pont his brother, the -archbishop of Sens, and the bishop of Chartres, with other counts, -prelates, and the family of Orleans were behind the king. At the -entrance of the church, by the king’s orders, were a body of men at -arms drawn up in battle-array. - -It was not long before the duke of Burgundy entered the church, and on -his advancing toward the king, all the lords, excepting the king, queen -and dauphin, rose up from their seats. The duke, on his approach to the -king, kneeled down with his advocate the lord d’Ollehaing, who repeated -to the king the following words: - -‘Sire, behold here my lord of Burgundy, your subject and cousin, who -is thus come before you, because he has heard you are angry with him, -for the action he has committed against the person of the late duke of -Orleans your brother, for the good of yourself and your kingdom,--the -truth of which he is ready to declare and prove to you, whenever you -shall please. My lord, therefore, entreats of you, in the most humble -manner possible, that you would be pleased to withdraw from him your -anger, and restore him to your good graces.’ When the lord d’Ollehaing -had said this, the duke of Burgundy himself addressed the king, saying, -‘Sire, I entreat this of you:’--when instantly the duke of Berry, -seeing the king made no reply, bade the duke of Burgundy retire some -paces behind,--which being done, the duke of Berry, kneeling before -the king, said something to him in a low voice,--and immediately the -dauphin, the kings of Sicily and Navarre, with the duke of Berry, knelt -down to the king, and said, ‘Sire, we supplicate that you would be -pleased to listen to the prayer of your cousin the duke of Burgundy.’ -The king answered them, ‘We will that it be so,--and we grant it from -our love to you.’ - -The duke of Burgundy then approached the king, who said to him,--‘Fair -cousin, we grant your request, and pardon you fully for what you have -done.’ After this, he advanced, with the lord d’Ollehaing, toward the -children of Orleans, who, as I have said, were behind the king weeping -much. - -The lord d’Ollehaing addressed them, saying, ‘My lords, behold the -duke of Burgundy, who entreats of you to withdraw from your hearts -whatever hatred or revenge you may harbour within them, for the act -perpetrated against the person of my lord of Orleans, your father, and -that henceforward ye may remain good friends.’ The duke of Burgundy -then added, ‘And I beg this of you.’ No answer being made, the king -commanded them to accede to the request of his fair cousin the duke -of Burgundy. Upon which they replied, ‘Sire, since you are pleased to -command us, we grant him his request, and shall extinguish all the -hatred we bore him; for we should be sorry to disobey you in any thing -that may give you pleasure.’ - -The cardinal de Bar then, by the king’s orders, brought an open Bible, -on which the two parties, namely, the two sons of the late duke of -Orleans and the duke of Burgundy swore on the holy evangelists, -touching them with their hands, that they would mutually preserve a -firm peace towards each other, without any open or secret attempts -contrary to the full meaning of their oaths. When this was done, the -king said, ‘We will that henceforth ye be good friends; and I most -strictly enjoin, that neither of you attempt any thing to the loss or -hurt of the other, nor against any persons who are attached to you, -or who may have given you advice or assistance; and that you show -no hatred against any one on this occasion, under pain of offending -against our royal authority,--excepting, however, those who actually -committed this murder, who shall be for ever banished from our kingdom.’ - -After this speech of the king, these princes again swore they would -faithfully abide by their treaty. The duke of Burgundy then advanced -to salute the wife of the dauphin, the duke of Acquitaine; and about -an hour after this ceremony had taken place the duke took his leave -of the king, queen, and the lords present, and set out from Chartres -for Gallardon, where he dined. Many who were there were very much -rejoiced that matters had gone off so well; but others were displeased, -and murmured, saying, that henceforward it would be no great offence -to murder a prince of the blood, since those who had done so were so -easily acquitted, without making any reparation, or even begging pardon. - -The duke of Orleans and his brother shortly after took leave of the -king, queen, dauphin, and the lords of the court, and returned, with -their attendants, to Blois, whence they had come, not well satisfied, -any more than their council, with the peace that had been made. - -The marquis du Pont, son to the duke of Bar, and cousin to the duke of -Burgundy, who before this day was not beloved by him, on account of -the murder of the duke of Orleans, followed him to Gallardon, where -they dined publicly together in great friendship and concord. About two -o’clock in the afternoon duke William, the count de St Pol, and other -great lords, visited the duke of Burgundy at his lodgings in Gallardon, -and then returned together toward Paris. - -The king, the queen, the dauphin, and the other kings, princes and -cardinals, arrived at Paris on Mid-Lent Sunday; and the dukes of -Burgundy and of Holland, with the cardinal de Bordeaux, who was at that -time in Paris, on his way to the council of Pisa, went out to meet -them, followed by upwards of two hundred thousand Parisians of both -sexes, eager to receive the king, singing carols, as he entered the -gates, and conducting him with great rejoicings to his palace. - -They were very happy that the king was returned to Paris, and also that -a peace had been concluded respecting the death of the late duke of -Orleans. They attributed the whole to the great mercy of God, who had -permitted that such strong symptoms of a civil war should be so readily -extinguished; but they did not foresee or consider the consequences -that ensued. - -The greater part of the Parisians were obstinately attached to the -duke of Burgundy, through the hope that by his means all the most -oppressive taxes would be abolished; but they did not see clearly all -the mischiefs that afterward befel the kingdom and themselves,--for in -a very short time, as you shall hear, a most cruel contention broke out -between the families of Orleans and Burgundy. - - - - -CHAP. VI. - - THE QUEEN OF SPAIN DIES DURING THE SITTING OF THE COUNCIL AT - PISA.--THE MARRIAGE OF THE KING OF DENMARK, NORWAY AND SWEDEN. - - -In this year died the queen of Spain[19], sister to Henry king of -England, and mother to the young king of Spain and queen of Portugal. -The Spaniards after her death sent home all the english servants, male -and female, belonging to the late queen, who returned to England in -much grief and sorrow at heart. - -At this same season, great numbers of prelates, archbishops, bishops -and abbots, set out from various countries of Christendom to attend the -council at Pisa which was assembling to restore union to the church, -which had for a long time suffered a schism, to the great displeasure -of many princes and well-inclined persons. - -About this same period, Henry[20] king of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, -took to wife the daughter of Henry king of England. These kingdoms were -put into the hands of the king of Denmark by their queen, who divested -herself of all power and profit over them in favour of king Henry. - - - - -[A. D. 1409.] - -CHAP. VII. - - THE KING OF FRANCE HAS A SEVERE RETURN OF HIS DISORDER.--THE - MARRIAGE OF THE COUNT DE NEVERS WITH THE DAMSEL OF COUCY.--THE - WAR OF AMÉ DE VIRY, A SAVOYARD, WITH THE DUKE OF BOURBON. - - -At the beginning of this year, Charles king of France was much -oppressed with his usual disorder. On this account, when the kings of -Navarre and Sicily, and the duke of Berry, had properly provided, in -conjunction with the duke of Burgundy, for the state of the king, and -the government of the realm, they went to visit their own territories. -In like manner, the duke of Burgundy, went to the marriage of his -brother Philip count of Nevers, who took to wife the damsel of Coucy, -daughter to sir Enguerrand de Coucy[21], formerly lord and count of -Soissons, and niece by the mother’s side to the duke of Lorraine and to -the count de Vaudemont; which marriage was celebrated in the town of -Soissons. - -This ceremony was performed on Saint George’s day, and the feasts and -entertainments lasted for three days afterward. There were present the -duchess of Lorraine[22] and the countess of Vaudemont[23], who had come -expressly thither to do honour to the lady of Coucy and her daughter. - -When these feasts were over, the duke of Burgundy, attended by his -son-in-law the count de Penthievre, set out for Burgundy; and shortly -after, the count de Nevers conducted his wife, and the duchess of -Lorraine and the countess of Vaudemont, to his county of Rethel, where -she was received with every token of joy. - -During this time, the duke of Bourbon was challenged by Amé de Viry, -a Savoyard, and a poor blade in comparison with the duke of Bourbon; -nevertheless, he committed much damage by fire and sword in the -countries of Bresse and Beaujolois. The duke was very indignant at -this, and assembled a large body of men at arms and archers to punish -and conquer him. He ordered his son, the count de Clermont, to lead on -the van, and he speedily followed in person. - -In his company were the counts de la Marche and de Vendôme, the lord -d’Albret, constable of France, Louis de Baviere, brother to the queen, -Montagu, grand master of the king’s household, the lord de la Heuse and -many more great lords, who advanced with a numerous body of men to the -county of Beaujolois. - -Amé de Viry was informed of the great force which the duke of Bourbon -was marching against him, and dared not wait his arrival; for he had -not strength enough to garrison the forts he had taken. On his retreat, -he marched to a town called Bourg-en-Bresse, which belonged to the earl -of Savoy, his lord. The earl, however, would not support him against -his great uncle, the duke of Bourbon, but gave him up, on condition -that Amé should make every amends in his power for the mischiefs he had -done, and should surrender himself to one of the prisons of the duke, -until he should have completely made him satisfaction, but that no harm -of any sort should be done to his person. - -The duke of Bourbon gladly received him, and thanked his nephew for his -friendship.--This caused a quarrel of some standing to be made up; for -the earl of Savoy had declared his great uncle owed him homage for his -lands of Beaujolois, which he would not pay,--but now the dispute was -mutually referred by them to the duke of Berry. - -When these matters were concluded, the duke of Bourbon returned to -France, and disbanded his forces. Some time after, by means which Viry -made use of with the duke, he obtained his liberty. Waleran count de -St Pol intended being of this expedition with the duke of Bourbon, and -raised a large force; but on marching near Paris, he was ordered not to -proceed further, and to return to the frontiers of the Boulonois, where -he had been specially commissioned by the king. - - - - -CHAP. VIII. - - TWO COMBATS TAKE PLACE AT PARIS IN THE PRESENCE OF THE - KING.----THE DEATH OF THE ARCHBISHOP OF RHEIMS.----THE COUNCIL - AT PISA. - - -About Ascension-day, the king of France, who had been grievously ill, -was restored to health,--and in consequence, the dukes of Berry, -Burgundy, and Bourbon, with many other lords, instantly returned to -Paris. Two combats were ordained to be fought in the square behind St -Martin des Champs, in the presence of the king and the aforesaid lords. -One was between a breton knight, called sir William Batailler, and an -Englishman, named sir John Carmien, for a breach of faith. - -When they were met, and Montjoye king at arms had proclaimed their -challenges and the causes of them, in the accustomed manner, he bade -them do their duty. Sir William, who was the appellant, issued first -out of his pavilion, and marched proudly toward his adversary, who was -advancing to meet him. They threw their lances without effect, and -then made use of their swords: but in this last combat the Englishman -was slightly wounded below his armour, when the king instantly put an -end to the fight. They were both very honourably led out of the lists, -and conducted to their lodgings. - -The other combat was between the seneschal of Hainault and sir John -Cornwall, an english knight of great renown, and who had married a -sister to the king of England[24]. This combat was undertaken by the -two knights at the desire of the duke of Burgundy, when at Lille, to -show their prowess in running a few courses with the lance and giving -some strokes with the battle-axe: but when the duke had caused the -lists to be prepared, the two champions were ordered by the king to -repair to Paris, and to perform their deeds of arms in his presence. - -According to these orders, and on the appointed day, sir John Cornwall -entered the lists first, very grandly equipped, and, galloping his -horse around, came before the king, whom he gallantly saluted. He was -followed by six little pages mounted on as many war-horses, the two -first of which were covered with furniture of ermines, and the other -four with cloth of gold. When he had made his obeisances, the pages -retired without the lists. - -Shortly after, the seneschal arrived, attended by the duke of Brabant -and his brother, the count de Nevers, each holding a rein of his horse, -on his right and left. The count de Clermont bore his battle-axe, and -the count de Penthievre his lance. When he had made the circuit of the -lists, and had saluted the king, as sir John Cornwall had done, they -prepared to tilt with their lances; but as they were on the point of so -doing, the king caused it to be proclaimed that they should not proceed -in this matter, which was very displeasing to both of them, and forced -them to return to their hôtels. - -It was again proclaimed, by the king’s orders, that this deed of arms -should not be carried further,--and that in future no one, under pain -of capital punishment, should, throughout his realm, challenge another -to a duel without a substantial cause. - -When the king had magnificently feasted these two knights, and shown -them much honour at his court, they departed, as it was said, for -England, with the intention of completing their deed of arms. - -During this time, the cardinal de Bar, son to the duke of Bar, and -Guye de Roye, archbishop of Rheims, in company with master Peter -d’Ailly, bishop of Cambray, and several other prelates and churchmen, -were journeying to the general council which was to be held at Pisa, -and took up their lodgings one night at a town called Voltri, on the -sea-coast, about four leagues from Genoa. At this place the blacksmith -of the archbishop had a quarrel with a blacksmith of the town, about -the price of shoeing a horse, which proceeded from words to blows, and -the archbishop’s blacksmith killed the other, and fled instantly for -safety to the lodgings of his master. - -The townsmen immediately rose,--and a great number of them came to -revenge the death of their countryman. The archbishop, hearing of the -cause of this tumult, left his chamber, and kindly addressed them, -promising to have the injury immediately repaired, according to their -wishes; and, the more to appease them, he delivered up his blacksmith -into the hands of the magistrate of the place, who was a lieutenant of -Boucicaut marshal of France, then governor of Genoa. - -But this was of no avail,--for as the archbishop was speaking to them, -without the door of his house, one of the mob thrust his javelin right -through his body to the heart, so that he dropped down dead without -uttering another word. It was a great pity, for he was a religious -prelate, and of a noble family. - -This deed, however, did not satisfy them; for instantly after they -murdered the magistrate and the aforesaid blacksmith, and also -endeavoured to force their way into the house, whither the cardinal de -Bar and the greater part of the others had retired, in order to put -them likewise to death. - -They were, however, at length appeased by the principal inhabitants, -and it was concluded that the cardinal should grant them his pardon for -what they had done against him,--to which, indeed, he was induced by -his attendants, from their fears of being all destroyed. - -They never told him of the murder of the archbishop until he was gone -two leagues from the town: on the hearing of it, he was so troubled, -and sick at heart, that he was near falling off his mule. His -attendants, notwithstanding, made him hasten his pace as much as they -could; for they were alarmed for their lives, after the instances they -had seen, and from the numbers of people they perceived descending -the hills, and the accustomed signs they saw when a town is under any -apprehension of danger, and the ringing of bells in the manner usual on -these occasions. - -These signals were sounded throughout the country, and the peasants -were seen running down the hills to overtake them; but when they were -arrived within a league of Genoa, the marshal Boucicaut[25] came out -with a handsome company to meet him. The cardinal made loud complaints -to him of the outrages that had been committed on his people at the -town of Voltri, and demanded that he would judicially inquire into it. -The marshal replied, that he would make so severe an example of that -town that all others should take warning from it. - -The cardinal was then conducted into the city of Genoa, where he was -made welcome by the churchmen and other inhabitants; and this same -day the body of the archbishop of Rheims was brought thither, and -honourably interred,--and his obsequies were performed in the principal -church of Genoa. - -Shortly after, the marshal Boucicaut punished most severely all whom -he could apprehend that had committed these outrages, with their -accomplices: they were put to death in various ways, and their houses -also were razed to the ground, that these executions might serve for -warnings to others never to commit such cruel murders. - -The cardinal de Bar, with his companions, now set out from Genoa, and -travelled, by easy day’s journies, to Pisa, where were assembled a -prodigious number of cardinals, doctors in theology, and graduates in -civil law and other sciences, ambassadors and prelates, in obedience -to the two popes, from different kingdoms, and from all parts of -Christendom. - -After many councils had been held on the schism in the church, they -came at last to this conclusion: they unanimously condemned the -two rival popes as heretics, schismatics, obstinate in evil, and -perturbators of the peace of our holy mother the church. This sentence -was passed in the presence of twenty-four cardinals, at the gates -of Pisa, before all the people, the 15th day of June, in the year -aforesaid. - -The same cardinals, after invoking the grace and assistance of the -holy Spirit, entered into conclave, where they remained until the 16th -day of the same month, when they finished their election. They chose -Peter of Candia, so named from being a native of that island: he was -of the order of Friars Minors, created a doctor in theology at Paris, -archbishop of Milan and cardinal; and, when consecrated sovereign of -the true and holy catholic church, he took the name of Pope Alexander V. - -O, most powerful God! how great was the joy thus caused, through thy -never-failing grace; for it is impossible to relate the shoutings and -acclamations that resounded for more than a league round the city of -Pisa. But what shall we say of the city of Paris? Why, when this joyful -news was brought thither, on the 8th of July, they incessantly shouted, -night and day, ‘Long live Alexander V. our pope!’ in all the squares -and streets, and entertained all passengers with meat and drink, from -their heartfelt happiness. When the ceremony of consecrating the pope -was over, letters were sent to different persons, the more fully to -explain the proceedings of the council. I shall insert the one written -by the abbot of Saint Maixence to the bishop of Poitiers, the tenor of -which was as follows. - -‘Reverend father, and my redoubted lord, after my humble respects being -accepted, I know that your reverence would gladly be informed of the -proceedings of the council, which has been held in the city of Pisa, -and any intelligence concerning it; and it is for this reason I have -indited the following lines to your reverence. - -‘First, then, on the 25th day of March all the cardinals, who had been -created by both popes, and all the prelates then in Pisa, assembled -in the church of St Martin, which is situated beyond the river, on the -road leading to Florence, and thence being dressed in their robes, with -mitres on their heads, they made a grand procession to the cathedral -church, which is as distant from that of Saint Martin as our church of -Nôtre Dame at Paris is from that of St Martin des Champs. There the -council always afterward assembled; and on this first day, mass was -celebrated with great solemnity: the sermon was preached by my lord -cardinal of Milan, of the order of Friars Minors, a great theologian. -When the service was over, the morrow was fixed on to open the council, -and the two popes were summoned to attend on that day at the gates of -the church by two cardinals; but neither of them appeared, nor any one -for them. - -‘The council continued to sit till the latter end of March, when the -popes were again summoned to appear, but neither of them obeyed. The -council therefore having required the two rival popes to come before -them, on account of the schism that has reigned in the church, and -neither of them appearing, or sending any one to make satisfactory -answers for them, and the term allotted for their appearing being -elapsed, declared them both guilty of the schism that distresses the -church, and of contumacy, by their conduct, toward the council. - -‘The council ordered prosecutions to be carried on against both of the -popes, on the Monday after Quasimodo-Sunday, the 15th of April, when -my lords cardinals celebrated together the service of the holy week. -On Good Friday, my lord cardinal d’Orsini celebrated divine service in -Saint Martin’s church; and a secular doctor of divinity, from Bologna -la Grassa, preached an excellent sermon. - -‘My lords cardinals were all present at the ceremonies of Easter -Sunday. During the ensuing week they assembled in council, sometimes -alone, at others they called in the prelates, to deliberate on the -state of affairs, and what line of conduct should be pursued; and every -thing was carried on with mutual good will on all sides. This week the -ambassadors from the king of the Romans arrived at Pisa. - -‘On the Sunday of Quasimodo, an italian bishop said mass before the -cardinals; and a cordelier from Languedoc, a doctor in divinity -preached the sermon, in which he greatly praised my lords cardinals -from France, and such as were seeking to restore peace to the -church,--but very harshly treated the two contending popes, calling -them schismatics, heretics, and traitorous enemies to God and to his -church. He chose for his text, ‘Jesus dixit, Pax vobis,’ which he -handled extraordinarily well. - -‘The following Monday, the cardinals, prelates, ambassadors, and -procurators then present, made oath to obey the decisions of the -council. Mass was then chaunted, and succeeded by many prayers; then -the litany was sung, at which all the cardinals and prelates, dressed -in their robes and mitres, attended, and so continued as long as the -sittings of the council lasted, which made it a handsome sight to see. - -‘This same day, the council gave audience to the ambassadors from -Robert king of the Romans; and the bishop of Verdun, on the part of -Robert, who favoured pope Gregory as much as he could, began his -harangue, taking for his theme, ‘Pax vobis.’ He made many mischievous -propositions, to divide and distract the council, in obedience to -his master, and to serve the false pope Gregory. There were with -this bishop an archbishop of a foreign order, and a numerous body of -attendants. When the bishop had made his propositions, the ambassadors -were required to deliver the same in writing, and to show their -procurations from their lord. A day was then fixed to hear the answer -of the council to their propositions; but before this day arrived, the -ambassadors went away without taking leave of their host. - -‘This week of Quasimodo, the lord Malatesta came to Pisa in great -state: he had given to pope Gregory one of his castles called -Rimini[26], and made the following request to the cardinals assembled, -as well on the part of pope Gregory as on his own,--namely, that it -would please the members of the council to adjourn its sittings, and -change the place of its meeting; that if they would so do, pope Gregory -would attend personally, provided the situation were in a place of -safety, and that he might have security for his coming to and going -from it. - -‘In consequence of this request, the cardinals summoned the prelates to -notify it to them; but they unanimously declared, they would neither -consent that the place of holding the council should be changed nor -that the meetings of it should be adjourned. This answer was very -agreeable to the cardinals. The lord Malatesta, therefore, returned -without having succeeded in his object; but his anger was appeased by -some of the cardinals, his friends and acquaintance. - -‘From the 15th of April, the council continued sitting to the 23d -of the said month,--when, after the solemnity of the mass, the -advocate-fiscal demanded, that the council should declare, that the -conjunction of the two colleges of cardinals of the holy church of Rome -had been, and was, lawful and canonical at the time it was formed. - -‘Item, that it should declare, that this holy council is duly -canonical, by the cardinals of both colleges assembling for so -excellent a purpose. - -‘Item, that this holy council has been called together by the cardinals -of both colleges with a good intent. - -‘Item, that it has been assembled at a convenient opportunity. - -‘Item, that it should declare, that this holy council, as representing -the universal church of God, has a right to take cognizance of the -merits of the two competitors for the papacy. - -‘Item, that a narrative should this day be read of the introduction and -commencement of the schism that took place from the time of the death -of pope Gregory X. until the convention of this holy general council. - -‘In this narrative were displayed all the tricks and deceits that had -been made use of, either individually or conjunctively by the two rival -popes. - -‘After it had been read, the advocate fiscal drew several conclusions -against the said rivals and their pretensions to the papacy, and ended -his harangue by demanding that they should be deposed and punished -corporally, and that the council should proceed to the election of a -true and holy pope. - -‘The sittings were prolonged to Saturday the 27th day of the same -month, when the ambassadors from the king of England entered the -council with a most magnificent state.--The bishop of Salisbury[27], -in the diocese of Canterbury, made a handsome speech, urging the -necessity of peace and union in the church. - -‘When he had finished, the advocate-fiscal made an interesting oration, -and concluded by demanding, through the procurator of the holy council, -that it would please to appoint a commission of certain wise, discreet, -and experienced persons to examine witnesses as to the notorious sins -charged on the two competitors for the papacy, and his request was -granted. - -‘The second Sunday after Easter, mass was celebrated before the -cardinals, and the sermon was preached by the bishop of Digne in -Provence: he was of the order of Friars Minors, a learned doctor in -divinity, and had ever been a great friend to Pietro della Luna, and -was well acquainted with the tricks and cavils of both popes. This -bishop delivered a good sermon from his text of ‘Mercenarius fugit,’ in -which he discovered many deceptions of the two rivals, in descanting on -the words of his text. - -‘The sittings were continued from this Sunday to the 2d day of May, -when mass was said before the cardinals; and the sermon was preached -by the cardinal Prenestin, more commonly called the cardinal of -Poitiers.--He delivered a good discourse, and chose for his text, -‘Libera Deus Israel ex omnibus tribulationibus suis.’ He urged in his -sermon eleven conclusive arguments against the two popes, for refusing -to give peace to the church, and ended by requiring the council, in -consideration of their obstinate contumacy, to proceed against them and -provide a pastor for the flock of God. - -‘On the 2d day of May, there was a general meeting of the council, -when, after the usual solemnities, a very renowned doctor of Bologna -made a reply to the insidious propositions of the bishop of Verdun, on -the part of the emperor Robert. He condemned, by arguments drawn from -divine, canon, and civil law, all that had been advanced by the bishop; -and his reasoning was so just and clear that the council were much -satisfied and comforted. - -‘The ensuing Sunday, mass was said before the cardinals, and the sermon -was preached by the general of the order of Augustins. He was a great -doctor in divinity, and a native of Italy. He chose for his text, ‘Cum -venerit ille arguet mundum de peccato, et de justitia, et de judicio.’ -He discussed this subject very well, and with a good intent. - -‘The sittings were prolonged from this 2d of May to the 10th.--The -patriarch of Alexandria celebrated mass before the cardinals on the -feast of the revelation of St Michael, the 8th of May; and he likewise -preached a sermon, taking for his text, ‘Congregata est ecclesia ex -filiis Israel et omnes qui fugiebant a malis additi sunt, et facti -sunt illis ad firmamentum.’ These words are written in the 2nd and 5th -chapters of the first book of Machabees. In the course of this sermon, -he pressed six arguments against the two rival popes. - -‘On Friday, the 10th of May, the council, after the usual solemnities, -resumed its sittings, when the advocate-fiscal made the following -requisitions: that the holy council would be pleased to confirm and -approve the demands he had before made, namely, that it should declare -that the union of the two colleges of cardinals has been and is legal; -and that the council should pronounce definitively on the other demands -he had made. The procurator fiscal made a request to the council, that -eight days should be allowed for the production of witnesses; and the -council was adjourned to the 16th of May. - -‘On the Sunday preceding that day, mass was said before the cardinals -by the bishop of Faenza; and the sermon preached by a native of -Arragon, a learned doctor in divinity, who had always been of the party -of Pietro della Luna. He chose his text from one of St Paul’s epistles, -‘Expurgate vetus fermentum ut sitis nova conspersio.’ He expatiated on -this with such ability that all the doctors wondered. Drawing from it -certain conclusions, he said that the two rivals were as much popes -as his old shoes, calling them worse than Annas and Caiaphas, and -comparing them to the devils in hell. - -‘Such things passed in the council to the 23d day of this present -month, as I have briefly related, on which day the ambassadors from the -king of Spain were to come to Pisa. The number of prelates that were -present cannot be estimated, for they were daily increased by new ones, -who came from all parts of Christendom. I should suppose that at the -last sitting of the council there were present of cardinals, bishops, -archbishops, and abbots, wearing mitres, one hundred and forty, without -counting the non-mitred members. - -‘There were also ambassadors from the kings of France, England, -Jerusalem, Sicily, Cyprus, and Poland; from the dukes of Brabant, -Austria, Stephen of Bavaria, William of Bavaria; from the counts of -Cleves and of Brandac[28]; from the marquis of Brandenbourg and de -Moraine[29]; from the archbishops of Cologne, Mentz and Saltzbourg, and -from the bishop of Maestricht; from the grand master of the Teutonic -order; from the patriarch of Aquileia, and from many princes in Italy. -Numbers of doctors in divinity, and in the canon and civil law, were -present, as well from France as from other countries, and very many -procurators from divers parts of the world, who, by the grace of God, -have held instructive and charitable conversations together from the -commencement of the council until this moment. - -‘In the city of Pisa are abundance of all sorts of provisions, which -are sold at reasonable prices; but they would be much cheaper, were -it not for the gabelles and taxes that are levied in these countries. -In my mind, Pisa is one of the handsomest cities existing: it has a -navigable river, within a league distant, running into the sea,--and -which river brings large vessels, laden with different merchandise, to -the town. Around the city are vineyards of white grapes and many fine -meadows. - -‘We are very well lodged, considering the great number of men at -arms quartered in it for its guard. The town has been conquered by -the Florentines, who have banished many of the Pisans to prevent any -treasons, and sent them to Florence, to the amount of two thousand; and -they are obliged to show themselves twice every day to the governor at -an appointed place, under pain of death. - -‘Four or five thousand of the Pisans went to ask succour from king -Lancelot[30], who, in compliance with their request, advanced within -five leagues of Pisa, with a force of twenty-three thousand combatants, -as well horse as foot; but the Florentines, through the grace of God, -are well able to resist all his power, and guard us. True it is, that -this king Lancelot ran a risk of losing his kingdom by the union of -the holy church, for he had tyrannically seized on a large part of the -patrimony of St Peter. - -‘It was said that there were certain ambassadors from Pietro della Luna -at the council, not with the intent of forwarding the union, but of -throwing every obstacle in its way. - -‘There were nineteen cardinals of both colleges, at this council -at Pisa, including the cardinal de Challan, whose attendants were -arrived,--and the cardinal was to follow with the ambassadors from -Savoy. - -‘My lords the cardinals are much displeased with those bishops, -abbots, and chapters of cathedral churches, who have neglected to send -procurators to this general council. I have nothing more to send to -you at present.--Written at Pisa the 15th day of May, by your humble -monk and servant, the abbot of St Maxence.’ - -The direction was, ‘To the reverend father in JESUS CHRIST, and by the -grace of God, lord bishop of Poitiers, and chancellor to my lord the -duke of Berry.’ - - - - -CHAP. IX. - - THE AMBASSADORS TO THE COUNCIL FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF PARIS - WRITE LETTERS, TO INFORM THOSE WHO HAD SENT THEM OF WHAT - HAD PASSED AT THIS COUNCIL.--PIETRO DELLA LUNA AND GREGORY - ARE DEPRIVED OF THE PAPACY, AND ALL PERSONS FORBIDDEN BY - THE HOLY COUNCIL FROM OBEYING EITHER IN ANY MANNER.--PETER - OF CANDIA, A CORDELIER, IS ELECTED BISHOP OF ROME BY THE - CARDINALS.--REGULATIONS FOR THE APPROBATION OF THE GENERAL - COUNCIL. - - -I shall now transcribe the letters written by the ambassadors from the -university of Paris to the council at Pisa, the contents of which are -as follows. - -‘Reverend fathers, lords and masters, after offering you our humble -recommendation, may it please you to know, that we write to inform you -of the conclusions entered into by the council-general, which has held -thirteen sittings. - -‘The two rival popes, having for some time been waited for in vain, -notwithstanding the summons sent them, have been declared contumacious -in respect to schism and the faith. Many decrees were passed against -them for their contumacy, and commissioners were appointed to examine -witnesses against them. - -‘Item, the council-general approved of the union of the colleges of -cardinals, the citations served on the contending popes, and the place -of meeting of the council, as being perfectly convenient and secure. -The council declared, that it was supreme on earth to take cognizance -and judge of the charges brought against the contenders for the papacy. -It was also declared by the council, that it had been lawful for any -one to quit his obedience to either of the popes, from the moment they -had promised to abdicate the papacy; and that all suits and processes, -carried on against such as had quitted their obedience to either, were -annulled and of no weight. - -‘Public charges were then made against them, and an interlocutory -sentence passed on the notorious sins of the two competitors. This -day, doctor Peter Paoul declared, in full council, your opinions, -and took for his text, ‘Congregabuntur filii Judæ et filii Israel et -facient sibimet caput unum.’ That is to say, Those who are come to -this council, and such as shall hereafter come, will choose from among -themselves a head to the church. A little before this, doctor Dominic -le Petit had made a solemn harangue before all the cardinals, taking -for his text, ‘Principes populorum congregati sunt cum Deo Abraham.’ -The cardinals and prelates of the holy church are styled princes of -the people. On this day also, the theologians, to the number of six -score and three, delivered their opinions, and eighty of them are your -friends and supporters. - -‘Item, this day it has been ordered that the two rival popes be -summoned to appear at the doors of the church on Wednesday the 5th of -July, to hear their definitive sentence. - -‘Gregory has sent a bull to the English to entreat they would be of his -party, with Robert king of the Romans, to change the place of holding -the council, and that they would please to be of his council; but -he labours in vain, for the English, Germans, Bohemians, Polanders, -French, those from Cyprus, Rhodes and Italy, are all unanimous, -excepting Robert, whose ambassadors have gone away. - -‘Few prelates have come to this council from the kingdom of Hungary. -King Ladislaus wrote that he intended being here in person, but he is -fully occupied in his war against the infidels. - -‘Pietro Mastin, called della Luna, has issued a most thundering bull, -in which he admonishes the cardinals to return to their duty toward -him; and should they refuse, he prohibits them from attempting to -make another election, menacing them, in case of disobedience, with -excommunication and other penalties against them and their supporters. - -‘Reverend fathers, and redoubted masters, we have nothing more for the -present to write to you, except that all nations seem inclined to a -reformation in the church, which the new pope, whom it shall please -God to elect, will be forced to comply with. Should you have any orders -to send us, we are ready to obey them to the utmost of our power. -Beseeching you humbly to keep all our concerns in your consideration, -may the Sovereign Lord have you under his guard! - -‘Written at Pisa the 29th day of May.’ Underneath were signed the -names of Dominic le Petit, Pierre Paoul de Quesnoy, Jean Pere Ponce, -Vincent, Eustace de Faquemberge, Arnoul Vibrant, Jean Bourlet, dit -François.--Master Pierre de Poingny and master Guillaume le Charpentier -did not sign the above, because they were absent. - -Here follows the sentence on the two contending popes. - -‘This present holy council, assembled in the name of JESUS CHRIST, -withdraws itself from the obedience to Pietro della Luna, called Pope -Benedict XIII. and from Angelo Corrario, called Pope Gregory XII.; and -the holy council decrees and declares, that all true Catholics ought to -do the same. - -‘Item, the same holy synod, as representative and judge of the -universal church, after mature consideration and examination of -witnesses concerning the horrible sins of the two contending popes, -pronounces, in the church of Pisa, this its definitive sentence, that -both popes be deprived of every honour and dignity, especially that of -the papacy. It also pronounces, that they be separated from the holy -church, in conformity to the sacred canons, and by the above sentence, -forbidding all persons to have the boldness ever to defend or obey -either of them as pope. - -‘The council forbids any Christians from obeying or showing favour -to either, notwithstanding any oath or promise they may have made or -entered into, under pain of excommunication,--and decrees, that whoever -shall disobey this sentence shall be delivered into the hands of -secular justice, and condemned as one who favours heretics, and that he -shall be punished according to the divine commandments, and the decrees -of the holy canons. - -‘The council also declares and pronounces, that all promotions of -cardinals made by the two rival popes, namely, those made by Angelo -Corrario since the 3d day of May, and by Pietra della Luna since the -15th day of June, of the year 1408, have been and are of no effect, -and are annulled by this definitive sentence. It also declares, that -every judgment given by the aforesaid competitors for the papacy, to -the prejudice of the holy church, against any kings, princes, lords, -patriarchs, archbishops, bishops, prelates of the church, or other -private persons, are of no effect; and the holy synod has ordained that -proceedings to the contrary, and to the welfare of the holy church -shall commence on the ensuing Monday, the 10th day of June.’ - -The above sentences and declarations were passed in the general council -of Pisa, the 5th day of June, in the year 1409. - -The 26th day of June, in the year 1409, Peter of Candia, a Cordelier -and native of Greece, doctor of divinity, and usually called the -Cardinal of Milan, was unanimously chosen pope by the cardinals at -Pisa, with the approbation of the general council, and called Alexander -V. who, immediately after his election, published the following bull. - -‘Alexander, bishop and servant to the servants of God, to the bishop -of Paris, health and apostolical benediction. Praise and glory be to -the God of heaven for having instilled into the minds of men a desire -of peace on earth, and who, through his benign grace and mercy, has -brought about an union of his Christian people, hitherto long disturbed -by a dangerous schism. - -‘Who is there among mankind that will not most heartily rejoice at -this happy event, on considering the perils souls must run when such -divisions take place in the holy church, and which have for so long a -time been encouraged by sacrilegious schismatics? - -‘Our blessed God, taking pity on his people, who had long suffered -from this division, opened and illuminated the minds of the holy -general council, who have justly condemned the two popes, according -to the sacred canons, as enemies to God and his holy church, by their -enormous, horrible, and notorious sins. - -‘When our brethren, the venerable Cardinals of the holy roman church, -of whom we were one, were desirous of finding a proper pastor for the -Christian flock, after the usual ceremonies and solemnities, with the -consent of the council-general, they entered into conclave, where, -after long discussions, they unanimously selected our humble self, then -cardinal-priest of the church of the Twelve Apostles, and chose us -bishop of Rome. Although we knew our unworthiness of so great a charge, -considering our weakness, yet, always confiding in the aid of God, we -have accepted of it. - -‘Venerable brother, these things we notify to thee, as one loving and -desirous of the peace of the church, as we have been well informed; -and we exhort thee and thy flock to render thanks to the all-powerful -God for this most gracious gift which he has granted to us. We have so -great an affection for thy worthy person, that we inform thee, that we -are ready to serve thee and thine to the utmost of our power.--This -present letter we have intrusted to be delivered to thee by our -well-beloved son, that notable man Paulin d’Arcé, esquire of honour, -chamberlain, and our loyal servant.--Given at Pisa the 8th day of July, -in the first year of our papacy.’ - -It is the good pleasure of our very sacred lord Alexander V. by divine -Providence, pope, that all promotions, translations, confirmations and -collations whatever, and all consecrations of bishops and others, that -have been granted or performed by the two competitors for the papacy, -shall be considered as strictly legal, provided they were effected -prior to passing of the definitive sentence, and done according to the -regulations of the canon law. - -Item, it is also the pleasure of the general council, that our -aforesaid lord shall give his orders concerning the archbishop of Genoa. - -Item, the benefices in the church, that had been given by ordinary -judges, have the approbation of the holy council to continue to them to -whom they have been given. - -Item, the holy council approves of proceedings being instituted against -all who shall obstinately obey or favour either of the late competitors -for the papacy, Pietro della Luna or Angelo Corrario,--and the council -condemns such, as guilty of schism and notorious heresy, and ordains -that they be punished according to the regulations of the sacred canons. - -Item, it is ordered, that should the cardinal de Flisque[31] be willing -to return to his duty, and appear personally within two months, he -shall be kindly received, and enjoy all his honours and benefices, -which he obtained in the year 1408. - -Item, all dispensations given by bishops of dioceses in those parts -not obedient to the two competitors, in the cases of persons not being -of sufficient age to obtain dignities in the church or benefices,--and -all absolutions, and acts of penitence, ordained by the competitors -during the schism, shall be reserved to the determination of the holy -apostolic see. All of which has been approved of and certified by the -holy council. - - - - -CHAP. X. - - THE DEATH OF THE BISHOP OF PARIS.----THE MARRIAGES, OF THE - DUKE OF BRABANT WITH THE NIECE OF THE KING OF BOHEMIA,--OF THE - CONSTABLE OF FRANCE’S DAUGHTER WITH THE SON OF MONTAGU, GRAND - MASTER OF THE HOUSEHOLD,--OF THE KING OF CYPRUS WITH CHARLOTTE - DE BOURBON. - - -In these days, the lord John d’Orgemont, bishop of Paris, departed this -life, in his episcopal palace, about the end of June. He was succeeded -in his bishoprick by the lord Gerard de Montagu, bishop of Poitiers, -chancellor to the duke of Berry, and brother to the grand master of -the king’s household and to the archbishop of Sens. He was honourably -received in the cathedral church of Nôtre Dame in Paris, the 22d day of -September following. - -The king of France, the dukes of Berry, Burgundy, and Bourbon, the king -of Navarre, and several other princes, with prelates and churchmen -without number, were present at his consecration. With the aid of the -grand master, his brother, the feast he gave on the occasion was the -most magnificent ever seen, in regard to the quantity of gold and -silver plate, and the diversity and abundance of meats and liquors. -From this grand display, the princes observed that the grand master -governed the king as he pleased; and they began to form suspicions as -to the uprightness of his conduct. - -On the 16th day of July following, duke Anthony of Brabant married, at -Brussels, the niece of the king of Bohemia[32], heiress to the duchy -of Luxembourg in right of her father. This marriage had been concluded -by the mediation of the bishop of Châlons and sir Regnier Pot. - -Several knights, esquires, ladies and damsels of high rank, had -accompanied the lady to Brussels, according to the orders of the king -of Bohemia, her uncle. There were present at these nuptials the two -brothers of the duke of Brabant, the duke of Burgundy and the count de -Nevers, with their sister, wife to duke William count de Hainault; the -count de Charolois and the countess of Cleves, children to the duke of -Burgundy; the marquis du Pont, his brother John[33] and their sister, -the countess de St Pol[34], all three children to the duke de Bar; the -counts de Namur and de Conversant, with their ladies, with many more of -the great nobility of both sexes. - -The count de Clermont, son to the duke de Bourbon, was also there,--and -when he tilted was attended by the duke of Burgundy and count de -Nevers. The duke bore his shield and the count his lance, to the -surprise of many present, on account of the great hatred that had so -lately subsisted between them for the murder of the duke of Orleans: -however, they seemed then to be in perfect concord. This feast was -abundantly served with all sorts of provisions and wines,--and when it -was ended, the different guests retired to their respective countries. - -On the last day but one of the same month of July, the marriage of the -daughter of the lord d’Albret, constable of France, with the eldest -son of Montagu[35], grand master of the king’s household, was solemnly -celebrated. The queen of France and numbers of the great nobles were -present,--and the whole of the expense was paid by the king, which -created much anger and envy in several of the princes of the blood -against Montagu. - -At this time, the truces were broken between the kings of France and of -England, but only at sea; and a bitter naval war ensued, to the great -loss of many merchants in each country. - -On the 2d day of August, John de Lusignan, king of Cyprus, espoused by -proxy, Charlotte de Bourbon, sister-german to the count de la Marche. -The ceremony was performed in the castle of Melun, in the presence of -the queen of France, the duke of Acquitaine and her other children, -the king of Navarre, the dukes of Berry and of Bourbon, the counts de -la Marche and de Clermont, the lord Louis de Baviere, brother to the -queen, and many ladies and damsels, who greatly amused themselves in -tournaments, dances, in feastings and other pastimes. - -The lady Charlotte, queen of Cyprus, was very handsome, and well -endowed with noble and gracious manners. On the conclusion of these -feasts, she departed for Cyprus, most honourably accompanied by the -nobles so ordered by her brother, and also by those who had been sent -to her from the king of Cyprus. She landed at the port of Chermes, -whither the king came to meet her, much rejoiced at her safe arrival, -and conducted her, attended by the greater part of the nobility of -the island, to Nicosia, where were made many feasts, according to the -custom of the country. They reigned for a long time with much honour, -and had two children, of whom more shall be spoken hereafter. - - - - -CHAP. XI. - - THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY HOLDS A GREAT COUNCIL AT LILLE ON HIS - AFFAIRS.--THE DEATH OF THE DUCHESS OF ORLEANS. - - -On the 5th of August, and the eight succeeding days, duke John of -Burgundy held a grand council in his town of Lille, on his own affairs, -and on the means of reconciling his brother and brother-in-law, the -duke of Brabant and duke William of Holland, who had quarrelled for a -cause before mentioned. - -With these two dukes, there were also present the duke of Burgundy’s -sister, the wife of duke William, the bishop of Liege, and the count -de Namur. At length, the duke of Burgundy made peace between them, on -condition that duke William should pay to the duke of Brabant, for all -his demand of debt, the sum of seventy thousand golden florins of the -coin of France, by different instalments. - -When this had been settled, the duke of Burgundy went, about the -middle of August, to Paris, by orders from the king and royal council: -he was accompanied by many men at arms, whom he quartered in the -villages round Paris. The reason why he was attended by such a force -was, because the duke of Brittany had lately brought from England -great numbers of English, and, in conjunction with his Bretons, was -carrying on a sharp war against the old countess of Penthievre[36] -and her lands. The queen of France and the king’s ministers were much -displeased at this conduct of the duke of Brittany, because it was to -the prejudice of the realm. The duke had increased this displeasure -against him by having beaten and ill treated his duchess, daughter to -the king of France, for blaming him on account of his undertaking this -war. - -It was therefore intended, that the duke of Burgundy should march the -forces he had brought, attended by other princes and captains, against -the duke of Brittany, to conquer his country and oblige him to submit -to the king. The duke of Burgundy was very desirous of succouring -the countess and her fair son, the count de Penthievre; but while the -preparations were making, the duke of Brittany, informed by some of -his friends that he was in the ill graces of his mother in law, the -queen of France, and of those who governed the king, sent, by advice -of his council, certain ambassadors to Paris, to offer to submit his -differences with the countess de Penthievre to the king and council, -which was at length accepted, through the interference of the king of -Navarre. - -The countess de Penthievre and her son were summoned to Paris, whither -also came the duke of Brittany, when, after some discussions, peace was -made between them. - -In this same month, Isabella, the king of France’s eldest daughter, and -dowager queen of England, but wife to Charles duke of Orleans, died -in childbed. The duke bitterly lamented her loss, but received some -consolation out of regard to the daughter she had brought him. - -The patriarch of Alexandria, bishop of Carcassonne, succeeded Guy de -Roye (whose murder has been noticed) in the archbishoprick of Rheims, -and the archbishop of Bourges succeeded to the patriarchate. Doctor -William Bouratier, secretary to the king, was nominated archbishop -of Bourges; and nearly about this time died doctor Peter Paoul, and -was succeeded in his dignities by doctor Gilles des Champs, almoner -to the king. Louis de Harcourt, brother to the count de Harcourt, was -appointed archbishop of Rouen. - - - - -CHAP. XII. - - THE TOWN OF GENOA REBELS AGAINST BOUCICAUT, MARSHAL OF FRANCE, - THE GOVERNOR, WHILE OBEYING A SUMMONS FROM THE DUKE OF MILAN. - - -Boucicaut, marshal of France, was at this time governor of Genoa, and -resided there. He was called upon by the duke of Milan and his brother, -the count of Pavia[37], to settle a dispute which had arisen between -them, respecting part of their dominions. He accepted the invitation, -thinking he should do an agreeable service to the duke of Milan, and -not suspecting any trick in the matter. But during his absence, the -inhabitants of Genoa rebelled against his government, and sent for some -of their allies and accomplices to come to them. - -They cruelly murdered the marshal’s lieutenant, the chevalier de -Colletrie, named Chollette, a native of Auvergne, which the other -Frenchmen hearing of, fled into the forts, for fear of suffering a -similar fate. These were instantly besieged by the Genoese, who sent -for the marquis of Montferrat[38]: he lost no time in hastening to -their aid with four thousand combatants, as they had promised to pay -him ten thousand florins yearly,--and they immediately elected him doge -of Genoa. They also chose twelve knights, as a council to manage public -affairs. - -A few days after, Fassincault[39], a very renowned captain in Italy, -and a great friend of the marquis of Montferrat, came to Genoa with -the intent of assisting the marquis; but the Genoese refused to admit -him, or accept of his offers. On his return, his force, amounting -to eight thousand men, took a town called Noefville; but the French -retreated within the castle, which was instantly besieged. - -When Boucicaut heard of the rebellion of the Genoese, he set out -accompanied by his men, and the duke of Milan and the count of Pavia, -and arrived with speed at the castle of Gaing[40], situated between the -town of Noefville[41] and Genoa, and fought with Fassincault and his -forces. In this battle, eight hundred men were slain, the greater part -belonging to Fassincault,--and night alone separated the combatants. - -Boucicaut, by the advice of Enguerrand de Bournouville and Gaiffier -de la Salle, both men at arms of acknowledged prowess, advanced that -night to the castle of Gaing, which he won, and amply provided it with -provision and all necessary stores. Fassincault remained in the town; -but seeing he could not gain the castle, he departed with his men to -his own fortresses. - -The marshal Boucicaut carried on a severe warfare against the Genoese -and those who had assisted them. He also sent messengers to inform -the king of France of his situation, and to require that he would -immediately send him reinforcements of men at arms.--The king and his -great council, on receiving this intelligence and considering the -fickleness of the Genoese, determined to proceed cautiously against -them. The king sent, at his expense, the lords de Torsy, de Rambures, -and de Viefville, with a certain number of men at arms, to the city of -Asti, belonging to the duke of Orleans, and near to the territory of -Genoa, with the hope of affording assistance to Boucicaut. - -On their arrival at Asti, they found that the whole country was in -rebellion, excepting some forts, which held out for the French; but as -they were without the town, and could not contain many men, from dread -of wanting provision, they were not of consequence, nor could they do -much mischief. The above knights, therefore, perceiving they could not -perform any essential services, resolved to return to France. - -All merchants, and others who came from or had any connexions with -Genoa, were now sought after in Paris, arrested and imprisoned, and -their goods confiscated to the king’s use. Now these Genoese had for a -long time been under obedience to the king, and had diligently served -him in many of his wars. - - - - -CHAP. XIII. - - THE PRINCES OF THE BLOOD ASSEMBLE, AND RESOLVE TO REFORM THE - MANAGEMENT OF THE ROYAL FINANCES.--THE DEATH OF MONTAGU. - - -At this period, the following princes of the blood,--Louis king of -Navarre[42], the dukes of Berry, Burgundy, and Bourbon, and many other -great lords, were at Paris; and having learnt that the king’s treasury -was impoverished by his officers and those who governed him, insomuch -that his plate and the greater part of his jewels were in pawn, they -one day personally explained to the king, in the presence of the queen, -the duke of Acquitaine and others of his council, the miserable state -of his finances, and the unworthy government of the officers of his -household. They at the same time requested, that he would be pleased -to permit that some of them should have power to reform in general the -abuses that had commenced with his reign, and to call to an account, -dismiss, and punish all who should have mismanaged the finances, -according as the cases might require, without any exception whatever. - -This request the king granted; and for the better carrying on their -object, the greater part of the lords before mentioned left their -own hôtels, and resided in the king’s palace of St Pol, where, with -the advice of the members of the parliament and the university, they -continued their reformations for many days. - -They soon discovered that those who had managed the finances for the -last sixteen or twenty years had very dishonestly acquitted themselves, -and had acquired for themselves and their friends immense fortunes, -to the prejudice of the state. Montagu, who had been the principal -minister of finance, was particularly the object they aimed at,--and -they ordered him, with several others, to be arrested and confined in -the prisons of the Châtelet. - -Sir Peter des Essars, provost of Paris, was directed to put this order -into execution, with his sergeants; and by the command of the duke of -Burgundy, the lords de Heylly, de Robais, and sir Roland de Vequerque, -were appointed to assist the provost in this duty. Having assembled -together, they, on a certain day, met Montagu, and with him the doctor, -Martin Gouge, bishop of Chartres, both going to hear mass at the -monastery of St Victor. - -The provost, attended by the above lords, on meeting them, laid his -hands on both, saying, ‘I lay hands on you by virtue of the royal -authority vested in me for this purpose.’--Montagu, hearing these -words, was much astonished, and trembled greatly; but his courage soon -returned, and he replied to the provost, ‘What! rascal, art thou daring -enough to lay hands on me?’ But the provost answered, ‘Matters will -not turn out as you think,--for you must make reparation for the many -and great mischiefs you have done.’ - -Montagu, unable to resist, was tightly bound by the provost, and -carried by him straight to the little Châtelet. The bishop of Chartres -was arrested with him, as he had been president of one of the financial -departments. Montagu was several times put to the torture, insomuch -that, suspecting his end was approaching, he asked his confessor what -he had best do: the confessor replied, ‘I see no other remedy than your -appealing from the jurisdiction of the provost of Paris.’ This he did; -and the provost waited on the lords who had commanded him to arrest -Montagu, to inform them, that he had appealed against his jurisdiction. -The parliament was consequently convoked to examine into the matter; -and the members of it declared the appeal of no effect. The lords, -therefore, seeing the cause had been judged, said to the provost, ‘Go, -without delay, accompanied by some of the populace well armed, take thy -prisoner, and finish the matter by cutting off his head with an axe, -and fix it on a lance in the market-place.’ - -After these words, the populace armed themselves, and, on the 17th -of October, assembled in bodies in the place Maubert, and in other -parts of the town. They carried Montagu to a scaffold erected in the -market place, where, having made him strip to his shirt, they cut off -his head, and fixed it to the end of a pike, and hung his body by the -shoulders to the highest gibbet at Montfaucon. This execution was -chiefly owing, as it was said, to the duke of Burgundy’s hatred to him, -who even sent for a very great number of the nobles of his countries of -Burgundy, Flanders, and Artois, to be spectators of it. - -A little before this execution took place, the duke of Bourbon, and -his son the count de Clermont, left Paris, indignant at the arrest of -Montagu. The duke of Orleans, his brothers, and all of their party, -were also very much displeased that he was put to death,--but they -could not help it, for at that time they were not listened to by the -king’s council. - -On the morrow of this event, duke William count of Hainault arrived at -Paris, having been sent for by the duke of Burgundy. A large company of -the nobles went out of the town to meet him; and he was most graciously -received by the king, the duke of Acquitaine and the other princes. On -his arrival, the hôtel that had belonged to Montagu was given to him, -with all its furniture, for it had been confiscated to the king’s use; -and duke William took instant possession. - -The castle of Marcoussi, which had been built by Montagu, was seized -by the king: it is situated seven leagues from Paris, on the road to -Chartres. Montagu was born in Paris, and had first been secretary -to the king: he was the son of Gerard de Montagu, who had also been -secretary to Charles V. He was of noble birth by his mother’s side, and -had three daughters, two of whom were married; the elder to John[43] -count de Roussy, the second to Peter de Craon, lord of Montbason; -and the third was betrothed to John de Melun, son to the lord -d’Antoing[44], but the match was broken off: his son was married to the -daughter of the lord d’Albret, constable of France and cousin to the -king, as has been related. - -After this, the provost of Paris arrested many of the king’s officers, -particularly those who had been concerned in the finances and in -matters of revenue. All the principals in the department of the -generalities, the presidents and others of the chamber of accounts, -Perrin Pillot, a merchant, with several others, were imprisoned in the -Louvre and in other places of confinement. - -When the borgne de Foucal, equerry to the king, and keeper of that -department of the treasury called the Epargne, heard that the grand -master of the household was arrested, he was greatly astonished and -troubled, and, instantly changing his dress, mounted a fleet horse, and -secretly left Paris. This caused him to be much suspected of improper -conduct by the princes who were examining into these matters. - -At this period, the archbishop of Sens, brother to the grand master, -Guichart Daulphin, William de Tignonville, knights, and master Goutier -Col, secretary to the king, were sent, by orders from the king, to meet -the english ambassadors at Amiens. The archbishop, hearing of the -arrest and imprisonment of his brother, took leave of his companions, -and set out from Amiens: but as he was journeying toward Paris, he was -met by one of the king’s ushers, who made him his prisoner; for he had -orders so to do from the king, and confine him at Amiens, should he -chance to find him there. - -The archbishop very prudently replied, that he was ready to follow him -to prison or to death; but when they came to the river Oise, near the -priory of St Leu de Cherens, he played the usher a trick. On leaving -the ferry boat with a few of his people, he mounted the fleetest of his -horses, and galloped off, leaving the usher on the other side waiting -for the return of the ferry-boat; but, thunderstruck at his being so -cheated, he returned to Paris without his prisoner. - -The lord de Tignonville, having been a member of the chamber of -accounts, was, by command of the princes, arrested by the bailiff of -Amiens, and confined in his prison. But after a short time, he, the -bishop of Chartres, and the other prisoners at Paris, were suspended -from their offices, and, having given bail, were permitted to go about -Paris, or wherever they pleased. - -The princes, not being able to attend sufficiently to these matters -of reform from their other occupations of greater weight, appointed -a commission to examine carefully into them, which commission was -composed of the counts de la Marche, de Vendôme and de St Pol, with -some members of the parliament. - -The men at arms that had been called together round Paris by the duke -of Burgundy and others were disbanded; and each, as they returned to -the places whence they had come, devoured the substance of the poor -people, according to the custom of that time. - -Sir Guichart Daulphin[45], before mentioned, was, by the princes, -appointed grand master of the king’s household in the room of the -murdered Montagu; for the king was then troubled with his usual -disorder. - -The bishop of Paris now requested of the princes, that they would, in -their mercy, permit him to have the body of his brother taken down from -the gibbet, and, with many tears and supplications, petitioned for -leave to bury him. But neither of these requests was granted him by the -princes; on which the bishop, ashamed of the disgraceful death of one -brother and the flight of another, the archbishop of Sens, soon after -quitted his see, and taking with him his sister-in-law, the widow of -Montagu, and some of their children, for the duke of Berry had already -appointed another chancellor, went to the estate of his sister-in-law -in Savoy: she was the daughter of sir Stephen de la Grange, formerly -president of the parliament, and brother to the cardinal d’Amiens. - -The borgne de Foucal, not answering to the proclamations that were -made for his appearance, was banished the realm of France, by sound -of trumpet in the four quarters of Paris. In like manner were the -archbishop of Sens and many other fugitives banished the kingdom. - -The king of Navarre, the dukes of Berry, Burgundy and Holland, with the -counts de Vendôme and de la Marche, and several great lords, waited on -the queen of France and the duke of Acquitaine, to make them acquainted -with the reasons for the executing Montagu, and what progress they had -made in the reformation of abuses, and the measures they had pursued -against such as were criminal. The queen testified her satisfaction, -and was contented that they should proceed as they had began. She was, -however, far from being pleased with the duke of Burgundy, whom she -dreaded, from the great power he was now possessed of, more than any of -the other princes, although he treated her respectfully in his speech. - -The marriage of the lord Louis of Bavaria, brother to the queen, was -again talked of with the daughter of the king of Navarre; and he was -presented with the castle of Marcoussi, with all its furniture and -appurtenances, which had lately been confiscated to the king, by the -death of Montagu, which was very agreeable to the queen. - -After these lords had for some days transacted business at Melun, where -the court was, they all returned to Paris, carrying with them master -Peter Bosthet, president of the parliament, and some members of the -chamber of accounts, and assembled daily to inquire after those persons -who had been in the receipt and expenditure of the public revenues. - -During this time, the king, who had been very ill, was restored -to health, insomuch that on the 2d day of December, he rode from -his palace of St Pol, dressed in a hauberk under his robes, to the -cathedral church of Nôtre Dame, where he made his prayers, a page -carrying behind him a very handsome steel helmet and a moorish lance. -Having finished his prayers, he returned to his palace of Saint Pol. - -On the morrow, he held a royal council in person, at which were present -the king of Navarre, the dukes of Berry, Burgundy, and of Bourbon, -which last was lately returned to Paris. It was there resolved, that -the king should summon the following lords to attend him personally -at the ensuing feast of Christmas, namely, the dukes of Orleans, of -Brittany, of Brabant, of Bar, and of Lorraine: the counts of Savoy[46], -of Alençon, of Penthievre, of Namur, of Harcourt, of Armagnac[47], -and in general all the great lords within his realm of France and -Dauphiny, with many prelates and other noblemen. After this summons of -the king, the duke of Burgundy gave orders for a large body of men at -arms to be collected in his countries of Flanders, Artois and Burgundy, -for the safety of his person. - -Shortly after this council, duke William count of Hainault went to -Melun, the residence of the queen of France, who was his near relation; -and so managed that she, who could not bear the duke of Burgundy, and -had strongly supported the party adverse to him, namely, that of my -lord the duke of Orleans, was reconciled to him. - - - - -CHAP. XIV. - - DUKE LOUIS OF BAVARIA ESPOUSES THE DAUGHTER OF THE KING OF - NAVARRE.--THE NAMES OF THE LORDS WHO CAME TO PARIS IN OBEDIENCE - TO THE KING’S ORDERS. - - -About this time, duke Louis of Bavaria was married at Melun to the -daughter of the king of Navarre, according to what has been before -mentioned. She had previously married the eldest son of the king of -Arragon[48], who had lately been slain in a battle between him and the -viscount de Narbonne and the Sardinians, which took place in Sardinia. -There was much feasting at this wedding, which was attended by many -lords, ladies and damsels. - -About Christmas the greater part of those lords whom the king had -summoned, arrived at Paris: the duke of Orleans and his brothers, -however, did not come. On the eve of Christmas-day, the king went to -the palace to hold his state, and remained there until St Thomas’s day, -where he celebrated most solemnly the feast of the nativity of our Lord. - -On this day the following persons were seated at the king’s table at -dinner: on his right, doctor William Bouratier, archbishop of Bourges, -who had said the mass, next to him was the cardinal de Bar. The king -was seated at the middle of the table, very magnificently dressed in -his royal robes. On his left were the dukes of Berry and Burgundy. A -great variety of ornamental plate was produced in gold and silver, -which were wont to be served before the king on high feasts, but which -had not for some time been seen, because they had been pawned to -Montagu, and had been found after his death in his castle of Marcoussi, -and in other places where he had hidden them. - -By orders from the princes of the blood they had been replaced, as -usual, in the king’s palace, which was a very agreeable sight to the -nobles and people of Paris, from their regard to the honour of the -king’s person, and his royal state. - -A great many princes and others had obeyed the king’s summons, and -were at this feast,--namely, the king of Navarre, the dukes of Berry, -Burgundy, Bourbon, Brabant, duke William count of Hainault, the duke of -Lorraine, duke Louis of Bavaria, brother to the queen,--and nineteen -counts, namely, the count de Mortain, brother to the king of Navarre, -the count de Nevers, the count de Clermont, the marquis du Pont, son -to the duke of Bar, the count de Vaudemont, the count d’Alençon, the -count de Vendôme, the count de Penthievre, the count de St Pol, the -count de Cleves, the count de Tancarville, the count d’Angy[49], the -count de Namur, and several others, to the aforesaid amount. The number -of knights who accompanied these princes was so great that, from the -report of the heralds, they were more than eighteen hundred knights, -without including esquires. - -Nevertheless, there were not in this noble company the duke of Orleans -nor his brothers, nor the duke of Brittany, nor the lord d’Albret, -constable of France, nor the counts de Foix, d’Armagnac, and many other -potent lords, although they had been summoned by the king in like -manner as the others. - -On St Thomas’s day, after the king had feasted his nobles in royal -state, the queen, by orders from the king, came from the castle of -Vincennes to Paris. All the princes, prelates, and great crowds of -people, went out to meet her and her son, the duke of Acquitaine, and -conducted her to the palace, where they presented her to the king, in -the presence of all the before-mentioned lords. Her son had visited -his government, to be properly instructed in arms, and other necessary -matters, that he might be the better qualified to rule his kingdom when -it should fall to him. - - - - -CHAP. XV. - - THE KING OF FRANCE KEEPS ROYAL STATE IN HIS PALACE, WHEREIN - SEVERAL OF THE GREAT LORDS BEFORE MENTIONED HOLD MANY COUNCILS - ON THE STATE OF THE NATION. - - -In consequence of several meetings having been held in the presence of -the king, queen, and duke of Acquitaine, the king ordered the great -hall of the palace to be magnificently prepared for a royal sessions. -Thither were summoned all the principal noblemen, prelates and others, -when the king appeared seated in his regal robes. On one side of him -were the king of Navarre and the cardinal de Bar, and on the other -the duke of Acquitaine, the duke of Berry, and all the other princes -and nobles, each seated according to his rank: in like manner were -the prelates, knights, and clergy, and a multitude of others, seated -according to their respective situations in life. - -Then, by the king’s commands, the count de Tancarville, an able and -eloquent man, harangued with a loud and clear voice, how Richard -late king of England, and son-in-law to the king, had been basely and -treacherously put to death, during the time of a truce, by Henry of -Lancaster, calling himself king of England, but then earl of Derby, in -conjunction with his partisans, as might be fully proved by several of -the English, near relations of the deceased king Richard:--And also how -the young prince of Scotland, an ally to the king, when on his voyage -to France, was taken by this same Henry, and detained his prisoner for -a long time; as were likewise many Scots, who were in the company of -the prince of Wales. Yvain Graindos[50], with several of his Welshmen, -allies also to the king, notwithstanding the aforesaid truce, were by -the English harrassed with war. The eldest son likewise to the prince -of Wales was made captive[51], carried to England, and imprisoned by -Henry for a considerable time. - -‘In consequence of the facts above stated, the king thinks he may, -without further consideration, lawfully wage war against the said -Henry and his english subjects, without giving them any respite. -Notwithstanding this,’ continued the orator, ‘the king is desirous that -whatever he may please to order should be for the common welfare of the -state; and for this purpose a royal sessions has been held, for every -one to consider these matters and what ought to be the line of conduct -for him to pursue,--and, having an opinion thereon, if they will inform -the king or his council thereof, the king will thank them and follow -that advice which shall seem to him the most advantageous for the -general good. - -Upon this, the eldest of the princes of the blood, namely, the king’s -uncle the duke of Berry, arose from his seat, and, advancing in front -of the king’s throne, fell on his knees, and, speaking for himself and -the other princes of the blood, declared they would relinquish, to the -use of the state, all taxes and impositions which they annually levied -on their lands,--and in like manner would they relinquish all the fees -and perquisites of office which they were in the habit of receiving -from their places under the king, and as the members of his council. - -The king kindly listened to the duke’s speech, and accepted his offers, -and then commanded him to be reseated. The lord Tancarville continued -his harangue, saying, that the king, then present, revoked all pensions -and grants which he had given, and thus publicly annulled them. In -regard to the reformation and future management of the finances, the -king declared his intention that such regulations as should be ordered -by himself, and by the advice of the count de la Marche (who had now -lost his wife, the daughter of the king of Navarre), his brother the -count de Vendôme, the count de Saint Pol, and the other commissioners -from the parliament, should be fully executed without excepting any -person whatever; and that the reformations by them proposed should take -place, as well in the chambers of accounts as in the generalities and -in the household of the king,--and that all receivers, comptrollers, -and all persons any way interested in the management of the finances -of the realm, whether bishops or archbishops, and of what rank soever, -should be subjected to them.’ The orator continued,--‘That the king -willed and ordered, that during his absence, the queen should call -to her assistance some of the princes of the royal blood, and should -govern the affairs of this kingdom according as she might judge most -conducive to its welfare; and in case of the absence of the queen, the -duke of Acquitaine, his son, then present, should govern the kingdom, -with the assistance of the dukes of Berry and Burgundy.’ - -When the lord de Tancarville had more fully enlarged on the above -matters, and concluded his speech, the king descended from his royal -throne, and, with a small company, entered his apartment to dinner; and -the whole assembly broke up, and departed to their hôtels. - -After the dinner, the queen set out with her attendants for the castle -of Vincennes, as it was the eve of the feast of the Circumcision, but -left her son with the king. On the morrow, the feast-day, the duke of -Burgundy (who had alone more princes, knights, and gentlemen attached -to him than all the other princes together,) gave presents of jewels -and rich gifts, of greater magnificence than any one, according to the -custom of that day. He made presents to all the knights and nobles of -his household, to the amount, as was estimated, of fifteen thousand -golden florins, of medals formed like to a mason’s level, of gold and -silver gilt; and at the pointed ends of these levels was fastened a -small gilt chain, with a plummet of gold, so that it might be used as a -rule. - -Item, on Twelfth-day following, Louis king of Sicily, having been sent -for by the king, entered Paris. He came from the city of Pisa, whither -he had gone to visit pope Alexander V. and made his entry, attended by -numbers of the nobility and clergy, who had gone out to meet him. - -Shortly after, the cardinal de Thurey came to Paris, as ambassador from -the pope to the king, who most honourably received him, as he likewise -did Philibert de Lignac, grand master of Rhodes, and chief of the order -of St John of Jerusalem, who had come from England. - -The king now disbanded all the troops he had collected, as did the duke -of Burgundy, excepting about one hundred or six score gentlemen, whom -he retained, with those of his household, to guard his person: the -others returned to their homes. - -Before the duke of Burgundy left Paris, the duke of Acquitaine, with -the consent of the king and queen, was intrusted to his care and -guardianship, that he might be properly instructed in the arts of war -and government. He had been very anxious to obtain this, and had caused -several of the princes of the blood to press the matter: even his -uncle, the duke of Berry, had, on this account, more than once refused -the queen to accept of the guardianship of the duke of Acquitaine; -but had so urged the business that the lord de Dolhaing[52], knight, -his principal esquire, counsellor and advocate, had, by the earnest -desire of the queen, been made chancellor to the duke of Acquitaine, -and the lord de Saint George his first chamberlain. The government -of the castles of Crotoy and Beaurain-sur-Canche were granted to the -duke of Berry for his life, on giving the preceding governors the -usual pension, in whose room he appointed two of his own knights; the -lord de Croy to Crotoy, and the lord de Humbercourt to Beaurain; and -sir Reginald Pot was, at his request, appointed governor of Dauphiny -for the dauphin. Soon after this, the king relapsed into his usual -disorder, and was put under good guard. Those who were intrusted with -the reform of abuses continued daily at work, and with such success -that large sums were recovered from the late directors of the finances. - -At this period, the princes and council of state went often to the -castle of Vincennes, where the queen resided,--for without her -knowledge no business of any importance was carried on. The dukes of -Berry and Bourbon, however, were much discontented that they were not -so often summoned to the council as before, and that their authority -was greatly lessened. Seeing themselves, as it were, banished from the -government, they took leave of the king, queen, and princes, and each -retired to his own domains. - -The cardinal de Thurey had come to Paris to solicit the university -and council of state to consent that pope Alexander might levy -two-tenths on the gallican church, to defray the great expenses he was -bound to pay. This request was not granted, because the university -opposed it, in the name of the whole church. The better to effect -this, the university required and obtained a royal mandate, to -command all officers under the crown forcibly to send out of their -jurisdictions all persons who should come thither making similar -demands. The solicitors of this levy had brought to Paris with them -a bull containing many novelties, which were not usually advanced, -namely, that the tythes, and other things, such as oblations to the -church, belonged to them in preference to the parochial clergy, for -that in fact they were in the same capacity, inasmuch as whoever should -confess themselves to them were not under the necessity of so doing to -their own clergyman. This doctrine they publicly preached throughout -Paris, and the members of the university preached in opposition to it, -so that during Lent the whole town was in confusion and discord by -these quarrels of the university and the mendicants, until they were -driven out of it by the university. The Jacobins, however, as the most -prudent, renounced the bull, and made oath that they would never claim -any advantages from it, nor from other privileges that had been granted -to them. By this means, they were reconciled to the university. The -pope, at this period, held his court with great state in Bologna la -Grassa. - - - - -CHAP. XVI. - - A GREAT DISSENSION TAKES PLACE THIS YEAR BETWEEN THE KING OF - POLAND, ON THE ONE HAND, AND THE GRAND MASTER OF PRUSSIA AND - HIS KNIGHTS ON THE OTHER. - - -This year, a great quarrel arose between the king of Poland and the -grand master of the Teutonic order in Prussia; and the king assembled a -large force from different nations, which he marched into Prussia, with -the intent to destroy it. - -The grand master and his brethren soon made themselves ready to meet -him with a great army, and showed every inclination to give him battle; -but when the two armies were in sight of each other, through the will -of God, the king of Poland retreated with his forces, among which were -twenty thousand Tartars at least, without counting his Polanders and -others his Christian allies, who were very numerous, and returned to -his own country. - -Afterward, the king of Lithuania, by the exhortations of the king of -Poland, invaded Prussia with an immense army, and destroyed the greater -part which lay on the sea-shores. The Prussians made a thousand of them -prisoners, and slew many. - -The king of Poland was formerly an infidel, and son to the king of -Lithuania, but, having a great ambition to reign, murdered his father, -and was for this crime banished the country. He took refuge with the -then king of Poland, who received him kindly, and admitted him into his -friendship and confidence. He also gained the affections of the princes -and nobles, insomuch that, on the death of their king, they unanimously -elected this parricide to succeed him, had him baptised, and married -him to the widow of the late king; and, since that time, he has happily -enough governed that kingdom[53]. - -At this period, Sigismond king of Hungary, brother to the king of -Bohemia, took to wife the sister of the above queen of Poland: they -were daughters to a german count, called the count de Cilly, of the -royal branch of Hungary[54]. The king of Poland laid claim to Hungary -in right of his wife, and thence took occasion to harrass that country -as well as Prussia. He sent secret messengers to the king of Lithuania, -his cousin german and ally, to press him to invade Prussia on the -quarter nearest the sea, when he would march his Polanders to form a -junction and destroy the whole of it. His intentions were discovered -by the messenger being arrested by orders of the king of Hungary, and -information sent of them to Prussia, whenceforward the king of Hungary -and grand master took such wise precautions that his future attempts -were fruitless. - - - - -[A. D. 1410.] - -CHAP. XVII. - - THE DUKE OF BERRY, BY THE KING’S COMMANDS, RETURNS TO - PARIS.--THE MARRIAGE OF THE SON OF THE KING OF SICILY.--THE - ASSEMBLY THAT IS HOLDEN AT MEUN LE CHASTEL. - - -This year, the duke of Berry was, by the king’s orders, remanded to -Paris, and, on his arrival, was sent, with the king of Navarre, to -Giens sur Loire, to put an end to the quarrels between the duke of -Brittany and the count and countess of Penthievre. Although both -parties had promised to meet them, they did not personally attend, but -sent commissioners. - -The king of Navarre and the duke of Berry took great pains, and -proposed various means, to bring about a reconciliation. Finding all -their attempts fruitless, they referred the whole matter, with the -consent of the commissioners, to the king’s decision on All-saints-day -next coming, and then they returned to Paris. - -In this year was concluded the marriage between the eldest son of Louis -king of Sicily, and Catherine, daughter to the duke of Burgundy. The -lady was conducted by sir John de Châlons, lord de Darlay, the lord de -St George, sir William de Champdivers, and sir James de Courtjambe, to -Angers, and there delivered to the queen of Sicily, who received her -most affectionately and honourably,--and she magnificently entertained -the knights who had brought her. After a short stay at Angers, they -returned to their lord, the duke of Burgundy, at Paris. - -At this time, the dukes of Orleans and Bourbon, the counts de Clermont, -d’Alençon, d’Armagnac, the lord Charles d’Albreth, constable, and many -other lords of great power and authority, held a meeting in the town -of Meun le Châtel,--where they had several long consultations with -each other on the state of public affairs, and particularly as to the -murder of the late duke of Orleans, principally to consider how they -should proceed to take vengeance on the person who had committed it. -Many different opinions were urged: one was, that the duke of Orleans -should declare a deadly war against him, and carry it on by every -possible means, with the assistance of his relations, friends, and the -wellwishers to his cause. - -Others said, it would be better to follow another course, and -remonstrate strongly to the king, their sovereign lord, on the -necessity he was under to do strict justice on the duke of Burgundy, -to which he was the more particularly bound, as the murder was -committed on his own brother. But, as they could not all agree in the -same opinion, they broke up the meeting, and appointed another day to -assemble again. - -Before they separated, a treaty of marriage was entered upon between -Charles duke of Orleans and the daughter of the count d’Armagnac. She -was niece to the duke of Berry by her mother’s side, and sister[55] -to the count de Savoye. This done, the lords departed for their own -domains. - -The duke of Burgundy resided in Paris, and ruled there more -despotically than any other of the princes: affairs were solely carried -on by him and his partisans, which, no doubt, made very many jealous of -him. - - - - -CHAP. XVIII. - - THE KING OF SICILY GOES TO PROVENCE AND TO BOLOGNA, TO MEET HIS - RIVAL KING LADISLAUS.--THE DEATH OF POPE ALEXANDER, AND THE - ELECTION OF POPE JOHN. - - -About this period, Louis king of Sicily set out from Paris with a -numerous body of men at arms, and went for Provence, and thence to -Bologna, to meet king Ladislaus, his opponent, and to defend his -kingdom of Naples, where his rival was committing great devastation. -King Louis had for this raised so considerable a force, that he might -be enabled to offer him combat; and he had also the hope that pope -Alexander would assist him, to the utmost of his ability, in money and -in men. - -An end was soon put to his expectations in this respect; for, on the -morrow of the feast of the discovery of the holy cross, pope Alexander -was poisoned in the town of Bologna, as was currently reported, and -died most pitifully. His bowels were interred, and his obsequies were -performed in the church of the Cordeliers. Mass was celebrated by the -cardinal de Vimers: the deacon and under deacon were the cardinals -d’Espaigne and de Thurey. The whole court was dressed in deep mourning. - -The 6th of May, the corpse of the pope, having been embalmed with fine -spices, was placed in the hall of audience, dressed in his papal robes, -his face uncovered, gloves on his hands, but his feet naked, so that -whoever pleased might kiss them,--and nine funeral services were there -performed. - -There were present twenty cardinals, two patriarchs, four archbishops, -twenty-four bishops, with many prelates, abbots, and other churchmen. -His escutcheon of arms were placed at the four corners of his coffin; -and for nine days, masses were celebrated in the same manner as on the -morrow of his death. The masses were said by the cardinals in rotation; -and the ninth day, the body was carried to the Cordeliers for interment. - -The two first bearers were the cardinals de Vimers and de Challant, -and the two last the cardinals d’Espaigne and de Thurey. The cardinal -Milles preceded the body bearing a cross. The chorists were the -cardinals de Bar, (not the son of the duke of Bar, but the cardinal of -Bar[56] in Calabria), and d’Orsini. The cardinal de Vimers performed -the service, as he had done at the interment of the bowels. - -When this ceremony was over, the cardinals returned home dressed in -black; and after dinner, they assembled at the palace, and entered -into conclave, where they remained shut up from the Wednesday to the -Saturday following. Some of the cardinals, having consulted together, -proposed Balthazar, cardinal of Bologna, as sovereign pontiff of -the universal church; and the others, who were not of this opinion, -seeing their numbers were very small, consented to it; and the new -pope was conducted by them to the church of St Peter, where they placed -the tiara on his head, and took the oaths of fidelity to him. They -then led him to the palace of his predecessor, where every piece of -furniture had been carried off, and there did not remain even a door or -window-frame. - -On the morrow, he took the name of pope John XXIII. and great were the -rejoicings and feasts that ensued. In the procession were twenty-three -cardinals, two patriarchs, three archbishops, twenty-seven abbots, -mitred and non-mitred, without reckoning other churchmen, who were -almost numberless. The pope wore on that day a silver-gilt tiara bound -with white. The following Saturday, the 23d of May, the pope received, -in the chapel of his predecessors, the holy order of priesthood, when -the cardinal de Vimers said the mass, and the cardinal de Challant was -deacon: at this service, all the before-named prelates attended. - -On the following day, Sunday, the pope celebrated mass in the church -of St Peter, having the cardinal de Vimers near him to show him the -service. The marquis of Ferrara and the lord of Malatesta were present, -and held the bason wherein the pope washed his hands. The marquis of -Ferrara had brought with him fifty-four knights, all clothed in scarlet -and blue, having five trumpets and four companies of minstrels, each -playing on a different instrument. - -When mass was finished, pope John was carried out of the church to a -very handsome platform erected without the porch, and there solemnly -crowned in the presence of all those whom I have mentioned, and a great -multitude of doctors and clergy. - -When seated on his throne, which was covered all over with cloth of -gold, he was surrounded by the cardinals de Vimers, de Challant, de -Milles, d’Espaigne, de Thurey, and de Bar, having tufts of tow in their -hands. The cardinals lighted their tufts; and as the flame was suddenly -extinguished, they addressed the pope, saying, ‘Thus, holy father, -passes the glory of this world!’ This was done three times. - -The cardinal de Vimers having said some prayers over him and on the -crown, placed it upon his head. This crown was a triple one: the first -of gold, which encircled the forehead within the mitre; the second -of gold and silver, about the middle of the mitre; and the third, of -very fine gold, surmounted it. He was then led down from the platform, -and placed on a horse covered over with scarlet furniture. The horses -of the cardinals and bishops, &c. were caparisoned in white; and in -this state he was conducted from street to street, making every where -the sign of the cross, until he came to where the Jews resided, who -presented him with a manuscript of the Old Testament. He took it with -his own hand, and, having examined it a little, threw it behind him, -saying, ‘Your religion is good, but this of ours is better.’ - -As he departed, the Jews followed him, intending to touch him,--in the -attempt of which, the caparison of his horse was all torn.--Wherever -he passed, the pope distributed money,--that is to say, quadrini and -mailles of Florence, with other coins. There were before and behind him -two hundred men at arms, each having in his hand a leathern mallet, -with which they struck the Jews in such wise as it was a pleasure to -see. - -On the morrow, he returned to his palace, accompanied by the cardinals -dressed in crimson,--the patriarchs in like manner,--the archbishops -and bishops in similar dresses, having white mitres on their heads, -and numbers of mitred and non-mitred abbots. In this procession were, -the marquis of Ferrara[57], the lord Malatesta[58], the lord of -Gaucourt[59], and others, to the amount of forty-four, as well dukes as -counts and knights of Italy, all dressed out in their liveries. In each -street, two and two by turns led the pope’s horse by the bridle,--the -one on the right hand, and another on the left. - -There were thirty-six bagpipes and trumpets, and ten bands of minstrels -playing on musical instruments, each band consisting of three -performers. There were also singers, especially those of the chapel of -his predecessor, as well as those belonging to the cardinals and from -different parts of Italy, who rode before the pope loudly chaunting -various airs, sacred and profane. - -When he arrived at the palace, he gave his peace to all the cardinals, -who, according to their rank in the college, kissed his foot, hand, or -mouth. The cardinal de Vimers first performed the ceremony, and was -followed by the other cardinals, patriarchs, archbishops, bishops, -abbots and clergy. He then gave his benediction to the four elements, -and to all persons in a state of grace, as well to those absent as -present, and bestowed his dispensations for four months to come, -provided that, during this time, three Pater-nosters should be said by -each in praying for his predecessor, pope Alexander. - -Pope John then went to dinner, as it was now about twelve o’clock, and -this ceremony had commenced between five and six in the morning. - -In honour of him, feasts were continued at Bologna for the space -of eight days; and on each of them very handsome processions were -made round St Peter’s church, when the prelates were all dressed -in vermilion robes, with copes of the same. In like manner did the -Carthusians of St Michael’s Mount, without the walls of Bologna. - -The next day, the 25th of May, pope John held a consistory, in the -presence of the cardinals, patriarchs, archbishops, bishops, and -presented to the marquis of Ferrara and the italian heralds, many and -various rich gifts. This was followed by a great feast, with dancing -and music. The ensuing day, the pope revoked all that his predecessor -had done, excepting what he had confirmed, or what had been taken -corporal or spiritual possession of. - -King Louis of Sicily arrived at Bologna the Friday after the coronation -of the pope, and twenty-two cardinals, two patriarchs, six archbishops, -twenty bishops and eighteen abbots, handsomely equipped, went out of -the city to meet him: on his entrance, he went directly to the pope. He -was clothed in scarlet, and his horse’s furniture was ornamented with -small gilt bells: he was attended by about fifty knights dressed in his -uniform. It was the last day of May that the king arrived,--and he was -most graciously received by the pope. - -The ensuing day, the Florentines came to pay their duty and reverence -to the holy father. They were about three hundred horse, among whom -were eighteen knights dressed in scarlet, with feathers bespangled -with gold. They were attended by six trumpets, two heralds, and ten -musicians playing on different instruments. When they had made their -reverence to the pope, they returned to their hôtels, and the next -day went to court. By reason of their alliance with king Louis, they -supplicated the pope to give him assistance against his adversary king -Ladislaus, adding, that they intended affording him every aid in their -power of men and money. These Florentines were very indignant at the -late conduct of the Genoese in regard to the king of Sicily; for when -the king of Sicily was sailing with five gallies from Marseilles, -near to the port of Genoa, the Genoese, being in the interest of king -Ladislaus, hastily armed fifteen gallies with cross-bows and men at -arms, and sent them to attack the remainder of king Louis’s fleet that -was following him, which they conquered, all but one, that escaped -back to Marseilles by superior sailing, and carried the crews and all -their baggage prisoners to Genoa. - -The pope, having heard their request, asked some time to consider of -it before he gave an answer. He could not well consent to it, because -the Genoese had been long connected with him, and he had also entered -into some engagements with king Ladislaus. The matter was, therefore, -deferred. King Louis was, notwithstanding this, magnificently feasted -by the pope and cardinals; after which, he left his court well pleased, -and returned to Provence. - -On the first day of June, the pope held an open court, and signed many -graces and benefices, and all such things as with honour and justice he -could sign. He continued from that time to hold public audiences, and -to do whatever business appertained to the papacy. - - - - -CHAP. XIX. - - THE GRAND MASTER OF PRUSSIA MARCHES A POWERFUL ARMY OF - CHRISTIANS INTO LITHUANIA. - - -This year, 1410, the grand master of the Teutonic order, accompanied -by his brother knights and a numerous army of three hundred thousand -Christians, invaded the kingdom of Lithuania, to destroy the whole of -it. The king of Lithuania was soon ready to meet him; and, aided by -the king of Sarmatia, he assembled an army of four hundred thousand -infidels, and offered battle. - -The Christians gained a complete victory,--for there remained dead on -the field full thirty-six thousand infidels, the principals of whom -were the grand general of Lithuania and the constable of Sarmatia. The -remnant, with the other officers, escaped by flight. Of the Christians, -only two hundred were slain, but a great many were wounded. - -Shortly after, the king of Poland, who was a determined enemy to -the grand master of Prussia, (and who had but faintly accepted of -Christianity in order to obtain his kingdom) marched his Polanders to -the assistance of the infidels, whom he strongly pressed to renew the -war against Prussia, insomuch that, eight days after this defeat, the -king of Poland, in conjunction with the aforesaid two kings, assembled -an army of six hundred thousand men, and marched against the grand -master of Prussia, and other Christian lords. A battle ensued, which -was lost by the Christians, who had more than sixty thousand killed -and wounded. In the number of dead were the grand master of Prussia, -with a noble knight from Normandy, called sir John de Ferriere, son to -the lord de Ferriere, and another from Picardy, son to the lord du Bos -d’Ancquin. - -It was currently reported that the day had been lost through the fault -of the constable of Hungary, who commanded the second squadron of the -Christians, by running away with all his Hungarians. The infidels, -however, did not gain the glory without loss,--for without counting -the Polanders, who had ten thousand men slain, they lost upward of -six-score thousand men, according to the reports of the heralds, and -the bastard of Scotland, called the count de Hembe[60]. - -The lord de Kyeuraing and John de Grez, Hainaulters, were there, and -with them full twenty-four gentlemen, their countrymen, who were unhurt -at this battle, and returned home as speedily as they could. - -After the engagement, the infidels entered Prussia, and despoiled -many parts of it, and took twelve inclosed towns in a short time and -destroyed them. They would have persevered in their wickedness, and -have done further mischief, had not a valiant knight of the Teutonic -order, named Charles de Mouroufle[61], rallied a great number of the -Christians who had fled, and by his prudence and vigour regained the -greater part of these towns, and finally driven the infidels out of the -country[62]. - - - - -CHAP. XX. - - THE DUKE OF BERRY QUITS PARIS, AND RETIRES TO HIS OWN - ESTATES.--HE GOES AFTERWARD TO ANGERS, AND UNITES WITH THE DUKE - OF ORLEANS AND THE OTHER PRINCES OF HIS PARTY. - - -The duke of Berry, finding that he had not that government of the -king and the duke of Acquitaine to which he had been accustomed, -became very discontented, and retired to his estates, indignant at -the ministers, and particularly at his nephew and godson, the duke -of Burgundy. Shortly after, he went to Angers, where the dukes of -Orleans and of Bourbon, and all the principal lords of that party, were -assembled. - -They went in a body to the cathedral church, and there made oath, in -the most solemn manner, to support each other, and mutually to defend -their honour against all who should attempt any thing against it, -excepting the king, and ever to remain in strict friendship united, -without acting to the contrary in any kind of measure. - -Many great lords in France were not pleased with this confederation; -and when, shortly after, news of it was brought to the king and his -council, he was much astonished and dissatisfied therewith. - -The king, in consequence of the advice of the duke of Burgundy and his -friends, marched out of Paris, accompanied by him, the duke of Brabant, -the count de Montagu, and a large body of chivalry, and went to Senlis: -thence to the town of Creil, to regain the castle of that place, which -the duke of Bourbon held, and had given the government of it to some of -his people. - -The governor made so many delays before he surrendered it that the -king became much displeased; and because they had not obeyed his -first summons, the garrison were made prisoners, and carried bound -to the prisons of the Châtelet in Paris. The countess of Clermont, -cousin-german to the king, soon after made application for their -deliverance, and obtained it; and on the morrow the king appointed -another garrison, and returned to Paris. - -This expedition was not very agreeable to the Orleans-faction,--and -they continued to collect daily, and inlist in their party as many as -they could. - -The duke of Burgundy became very uneasy at their proceedings; for he -suspected the duke of Orleans and his party would infringe the peace -which had so lately been patched up between them at Chartres, or that -they would march a large force to Paris, to seize the government, -together with the persons of the king and duke of Acquitaine. - -To obviate this, he caused several royal summons to be proclaimed in -various parts of the realm, for the assembling of men at arms and -quartering them in the villages round Paris, to be ready to defend the -king and his government against the ill-intentioned. By the advice of -his brothers and the king of Navarre, he resolved to defend himself -by force against his adversaries, and caused it to be proclaimed -throughout the kingdom, in the king’s name, that no one should dare to -assemble armed in company of the dukes of Berry and Orleans, and their -allies, under pain of corporal punishment and confiscation of goods. - -The Orleans-faction, however, continued their meetings in spite of -this proclamation, and even forced their vassals to serve under and -accompany them: I mean, such of them as were dilatory in obeying their -summons. There were, therefore, at this time, great and frequent -assemblies of armed men in different parts of France, to the prejudice -of the poor people. - -Those lords that were well inclined to the king came to Paris, and -their men were quartered in the flat country of the island of France. -The Orleans-party fixed their quarters at Chartres and the adjacent -parts; and their forces might amount, according to the estimate of -well-informed persons, to full six thousand men in armour, four -thousand cross-bows, and sixteen hundred archers, without counting the -unarmed infantry, of which there were great numbers. - -In regard to the army which the duke of Burgundy had assembled by -orders from the king, it was estimated to consist of upward of sixteen -thousand combatants, all men of tried courage. During this time, the -king of Navarre and his brother, the count de Mortain, at the request -of the duke of Burgundy, negotiated a peace between the duke of -Brittany, their nephew, and the count de Penthievre, son-in-law to the -duke of Burgundy. - -This was done in the hope that the duke of Brittany would be induced -to assist the king with his Bretons, and give up the Orleans-party, to -whom he had engaged himself. On the conclusion of this peace between -the two parties, twenty thousand golden crowns were sent the duke, to -defray the expenses he had been at in raising men at arms. - -Large sums of money were also sent to the lord d’Albreth, constable -of France, that he might collect a numerous body of men at arms, and -march them to Paris, to serve the king. He had not any great desire to -perform this, for he was wholly inclined to the duke of Orleans and his -allies, as was perfectly notorious shortly afterward. - - - - -CHAP. XXI. - - THE DEATH OF THE DUKE OF BOURBON.--THE PROCLAMATION OF THE KING - OF FRANCE.--THE DUKE OF ORLEANS AND HIS ALLIES SEND LETTERS TO - THE PRINCIPAL TOWNS IN FRANCE. - - -During this troublesome time, Louis duke of Bourbon, uncle to the -king of France by the mother’s side, being full sixty years of age, -feeling himself oppressed with years and sickness, caused himself to be -conveyed to his residence at Moulins[63] in the Bourbonnois, where he -departed this life, and was buried in the church of the canons, which -he had founded. - -He was succeeded by his only son, the count de Clermont, who, after -some days of lamentation, had the funeral obsequies of his father -performed, and, having arranged his affairs, returned to the duke of -Orleans and the other lords at Chartres, and firmly united himself with -them, treading in the steps of his late father. The duke of Bourbon -had long held the office of great chamberlain of France, from the -friendship of the king, and was in possession of it even at the time of -his death; but at the entreaty of the king of Navarre and the duke of -Burgundy, the king now gave it to the count de Nevers, to exercise the -duties of it in the usual manner. - -At this time, the duchess of Brittany, daughter to the king of France, -was brought to bed of a son; and she sent to request the duke of -Acquitaine, her brother, to stand godfather. He sent, as his proxy, -sir David de Brimeu, knight, lord of Humbercourt, with a handsome -present of jewels, which sir David gave her on the part of the duke of -Acquitaine. - -The king again issued his summons to the different bailiwicks and -seneschalships in the realm, for all persons to arm without delay who -were bounden so to do from the tenure of their fiefs or arriere fiefs, -and to march instantly to Paris to serve the king against the dukes of -Orleans, Berry, Bourbon, the counts d’Armagnac, d’Alençon, and others -their allies, who, notwithstanding the king’s positive orders to the -contrary, continued daily to assemble large bodies of men at arms, to -the destruction of his country and subjects. - -The above dukes wrote letters to the king, to the university of Paris, -and to many of the principal towns, to explain the causes why they had -thus confederated and collected men at arms; one of which, signed with -their signs-manuel, they sent to the town of Amiens, and the contents -were as follows: - -‘To our well-beloved and very dear citizens, burgesses, and inhabitants -of the town of Amiens, health and affection. We have written to -our most redoubted and sovereign lord the king of France in manner -following:--We dukes of Berry, of Orleans, and of Bourbon, counts of -Alençon and of Armagnac, your humble uncles, relations and subjects, -for ourselves and all others our adherents, wellwishers to your -person,--as the rights of your domination, your crown and royal -majesty, have been so nobly instituted, and founded on justice, -power, and the true obedience of your subjects,--and as your glory -and authority are resplendent through all parts of the world, you -having been worthily consecrated and anointed by the holy roman see, -and considered by all Christendom as sovereign monarch and equal -distributor of justice, as well to the poor as to the rich, without -owing obedience to any other lord, but God and his Divine Majesty, who -has been pleased most worthily to have gifted you,--may all those who -are connected with you by blood, by their frank and loyal affections, -guard and defend your sacred person as your relations and subjects. - -‘And may we, in particular, as your near relations, and for that cause -more obliged to it, set an example of due obedience to your other -subjects, and exert ourselves in preserving to you free liberty of -action in every part of your government, insomuch that you may have -power to reward the good and punish the wicked, and to preserve every -one in his just rights, and likewise that you may execute justice in -such wise that your kingdom may remain in peace, first to the honour -of God, and then to your own honour, and to the example of your good -friends and subjects, by following the paths of your predecessors, -the kings of France, who, by this noble way of governing their great -kingdom, have ever preserved tranquillity and peace, insomuch that all -Christian nations, far and near, and even infidels, have had recourse -to them in their disputes, and have been perfectly contented with their -decisions on the cases referred to them, as the fountains of justice -and loyalty. - -‘And, most sovereign lord, that your power, justice, and the state of -your government may not suffer at present any wound or diminution, -and that public affairs may be managed according to the principles -of reason, in such wise as may be apparent to all men of sound -understanding;-- - -‘For this effect, most redoubted sovereign, we, the above-written, have -confederated and assembled, that we may most humbly lay before you the -real state of your situation, in regard to your royal person, and also -that of my lord of Acquitaine, your eldest son. We have likewise to lay -before you the manner in which you are enthralled, and the government -carried on, that justice may be restored, and the public weal no longer -suffer, as we can more fully explain. Should any persons deny this, -let your majesty, by the advice of your council, appoint some of the -princes of your blood, and other impartial and unprejudiced persons, -to inquire into it, in whatever number you in your wisdom may select. -But we advise that you speedily and effectually provide for the safety -of your own person, and for that of my lord of Acquitaine, your eldest -son, so that your state may enjoy justice and a good government, to the -advancement of the public welfare, and that the power and authority -may be exercised by you alone, freely and uncontrolled by any other -person whatever; and that such a desirable object may be obtained, we, -the above-named, offer our earnest prayers, and, at the same time, our -lives and fortunes, whatever they may be, which God has graciously -granted us in this world, for the just defence of your rights, and in -opposing all who may attempt to infringe on them, if any such there be. - -‘Most redoubted lord, we also inform you, that we shall not break up -our confederation until you shall have listened to us, and until we -shall see that you have properly provided against the inconveniences -we have mentioned, and until you be fully and wholly reinstated in -that power which is your right. To this, most redoubted lord, are we -bound, as well in regard to what we have already said, as from fear, -honour and reverence to our Creator, from whom originates your royal -authority, and also to satisfy justice, and then yourself, who are -sovereign king on earth, and our sole lord. To your support we are -urged by our kindred and by our love to your person; for in truth, -most redoubted sovereign, there is nothing we dread so much as having -offended God, yourself, and wounded our own honour, by leaving for so -long time unnoticed the aforesaid grievances, which are notorious to -every one. - -‘In like manner as we signify the above to you, we shall do the same to -all prelates, lords, universities, cities and principal towns of your -realm, and in general to all your wellwishers. - -‘Most redoubted lord, we humbly supplicate that you will deign to hear -us, and consider of what we have written,--for the sole object we aim -at personally affects yourself and your government; and we earnestly -beg that you will speedily adopt the most effectual measures for the -enjoyment of your own freedom of action, and that your government may -be carried on to the praise of God first, and your own glory, and -to the advantage of all your good subjects who are anxious for your -welfare. - -‘We have written this, that you may know our intentions, and the cause -of our assembling, which is solely for the preservation of the personal -liberty of our lord and king, and the affranchisement of his government -from any hands but his own. For this object we have sought the advice -of the most prudent men, and shall follow their counsels, with all the -means God has put in our power, to obtain so desirable an end, for the -general welfare of the realm; and we intend so to act toward our lord -the king that God and the world shall be satisfied with us. - -‘And we most earnestly entreat that for so praiseworthy an object -you will join us, and exert yourselves in the same cause; for it is -not properly us but the king your lord that you will serve, whom by -your oaths you are bounden to assist,--and know that for so doing you -will be commended by all men of understanding and prudence. Given at -Chartres the 2d day of December, 1410.’ - -This letter, when received by the council of the town of Amiens, -produced very little sensation,--for all, or the greater part of the -inhabitants, were inclined to the duke of Burgundy. When a similar one -was read in the council of state, it did not make any impression on the -king, nor did it seem advisable that the dukes should have an audience; -but, on the contrary, orders were sent to them to disband their forces -without delay, on pain of incurring the royal indignation.----They -refused to obey this order, and bade the messenger tell the king, -that they would not cease assembling until he should grant them an -audience, and hear their complaints. At this period, the dukes of -Acquitaine and Burgundy paid a visit to the queen of France at her -residence in the castle of Melun, and left there a garrison, having -brought back with them the queen and her children to the castle of -Vincennes. - -The duke of Brabant at this time left Paris, to go to his country, and -assemble his Brabanters to serve the king. Many able ambassadors were -sent, in the king’s name, to the lords assembled at Chartres; and among -them was the grand master of Rhodes, to signify to them that they must -disband their army, and that, if they pleased to wait on the king in -their private capacity, he would see them. - -This they refused; and as they continued disobedient, the king took -possession of the counties of Boulogne[64], Estampes, Valois, -Beaumont, Clermont, and other lands belonging to the said dukes, -counts, and their adherents, of whatever rank they might be. The king’s -officers appointed governors to the castles and fortresses within these -countries, whom they ordered to govern them at the expense of the -aforesaid lords. - -So very numerous were the forces that assembled near Paris, in -obedience to the summons from the king and the duke of Burgundy, that -the oldest persons had not for a long time seen so many men at arms -together. - -Among the number was the duke of Brabant, with a great force. He was -quartered in the town of St Denis, where he lived at the expense of the -greater part of the inhabitants, as if he had been in the open country. -The count de Penthievre, son-in-law to the duke of Burgundy, was there -with him, accompanied by a large body of Bretons. - -Two thousand men belonging to the count Waleran de St Pol were -quartered at Menil-Aubry, and the adjacent villages.--Because the -count himself resided in Paris, he one day ordered his troops to be -assembled under the lord de Chin, for him to march them to Paris to be -mustered and enrolled for pay; but it happened, as they were marching -through St Denis to obey the order, that a dispute arose between them -and the Brabanters, on account of some enterprise which the last had -made against the lord de Carlian, a native of the Boulonois, so that -the two parties armed and drew up in battle-array to decide matters -by combat. The duke of Brabant was soon informed of this tumult, and -hastened from Paris to check his own men, and acted so prudently with -both parties that an end was put to it; but he was very wroth with the -first promoters of it, for he was married to the daughter and heiress -of the count de St Pol. - -When they had marched through Saint Denis, they came before their lord, -the count de St Pol, in Paris, who having reviewed them, and paid many -compliments to their captains, dismissed them to the quarters whence -they had come. In order to pay these troops which had been levied, -as has been said, by orders from the king and the duke of Burgundy, -and which amounted, by the muster-rolls, to fifteen thousand men with -helmets, seventeen thousand cross-bows and archers, very heavy taxes -were levied throughout the realm, and particularly on the city of -Paris. It will be impossible to relate one half of the mischiefs the -armies of both parties committed: suffice it to say, that churches, -churchmen, and the poor people were very great sufferers. - -The Orleans-party, shortly after this, marched from Chartres -to Montlehery, seven leagues from Paris, and there, and in the -neighbouring villages, quartered their army, ruining the whole country -on their line of march. The lords and adherents of this faction, as -well clergy as seculars, wore, as their badge, a narrow band of white -linen on their shoulders, hanging over their left arm, like to a deacon -when celebrating divine service. - -When the king of France and his council learnt that they had approached -so near the capital, they hastily dispatched to the leaders the count -de la Marche, the archbishop of Rheims, the bishop of Beauvais, and the -grand master of Rhodes, with some others, to persuade them to disband -their army, and come before him at Paris, in consequence of his former -orders, without arms, in the manner in which vassals should wait on -their lords, and that he would do them justice in regard to their -demands; but that, should they refuse, he would instantly march his -forces against them.--The princes made answer, that they would not -act otherwise than they had said in their letter to the king; and the -ambassadors, seeing they could not gain any thing, returned to Paris. - -In like manner, the university sent to them an embassy of learned -men, headed by Noeétz, abbot of Povegny and doctor in divinity, who -harangued them very ably and gravely. They were very handsomely -received by the princes, especially by the duke of Berry, who, among -other grievances, complained much that his nephew, the king, should be -counselled by such fellows as the provost of Paris, and others of the -same sort, who now ruled the realm, which was most miserably governed, -as he was ready to explain, article by article, when they should be -admitted to an audience. - -They could obtain no other reply than that, with God’s pleasure, they -would accomplish, to the utmost of their power, the matters contained -in their circular letters to the university and principal towns. - -On this repeated ill success, the king, by the advice of his council, -sent another embassy, composed of the queen, the cardinal de Bar, the -count de St Pol, and others. The count de St Pol had lately accepted, -with the king’s approbation, the office of grand butler of France, -which the provost of Paris had held, through the interest of the count -de Tancarville, by a gift from the king. - -Notwithstanding the queen and her companions were received with every -honour, she did not remain with their army, but went to the castle -of Marcoussi, which is not far distant from Montlehery, with her -attendants, and remained there some time negotiating with them, and -some of the princes daily visited her. Although she acted with much -perseverance, she failed in her object,--for the princes were firm in -their resolution of marching with their army to the king, and requiring -that he would execute justice and attend to the affairs of government, -and choose another set of ministers than those now in power. - -Finding she was labouring in vain, she returned with her companions -to Paris, and related to the king all that had passed. He was very -indignant, and much troubled thereat; and on the morrow, the 23d -September, he ordered all the men at arms that were come to serve him -to be drawn out, and the baggage and artillery waggons to be made ready -instantly to march against the Orleans-party, to give them battle. - -When all were ready, and as he was going to attend mass and afterward -to mount his horse, he was met by the rector of the university, -magnificently accompanied by all the members and supporters of it, who -remonstrated with him, that his daughter, the university of Paris, was -preparing to leave that city, from the great want of provisions, which -the men at arms of the two parties prevented coming to Paris,--for no -one could venture on the high roads without being robbed and insulted; -and, likewise, that all the low countries round Paris were despoiled by -these men at arms. They most humbly requested, that he would provide -a remedy, and give them such answer as might seem to him good. The -chancellor, namely, master Arnauld de Corbie, instantly replied, ‘The -king will assemble his council after dinner, and you shall have an -answer.’ The king of Navarre, being present, entreated the king that he -would fix an hour for hearing them again after dinner; and the king, -complying with his request, appointed an hour for the rector to return. - -When the king had dined, he entered the _chambre verde_, attended by -the following princes: the dukes of Acquitaine, Burgundy and Brabant, -the marquis du Pont, the duke of Lorraine, the counts de Mortain, -de Nevers and de Vaudemont, with many other great lords, as well -ecclesiastical as secular. The king of Navarre made four requests to -the king: first, that all the princes of the blood, as well on the one -side as on the other, should retire to their principalities, and never -more interfere in the king’s government, and likewise that henceforth -they should not receive any profits or pensions, as well from the -subsidies arising from their lands as from other exactions, but live -on their own proper revenues until the public treasury should be in -a better state than it was at that moment: however, should the king -be inclined to make them presents of any thing, or call them near his -person, they should be alway ready to obey him. - -His second request was, that some diminution should take place in those -taxes that most aggrieved the people. - -The third, that as some of the citizens of Paris had lent different -sums of money to the king, of which repayment had been promised, but -not made, sufficient assignments on the treasury should be given to -them. - -The fourth, that the affairs of the king and realm should be governed -by prudent men, taken from the three estates of the kingdom. When the -king of Navarre had ended, the king himself replied, and said he would -take advice on what he had proposed, and then give him such answers as -ought to satisfy him and every one else. - -When this was over, the king showed the same determination as before -to march, on the morrow morning, against the rebellious lords; but he -was overruled, and the queen, with the former ambassadors, were again -sent to negotiate a peace. On their arrival at the army of the princes, -she exerted herself, as it was said very much and loyally; for it was -commonly reported that she was in her heart inclined to the Orleans -faction. - -During the time of this embassy, the count Amé de Savoye, who had been -sent for by the king, arrived at Paris with five hundred men at arms. -His brothers-in-law the dukes of Burgundy and Brabant, and the count -de Nevers, attended by many other lords, went out to meet him beyond -the gate of St Anthony, and thence conducted him to the palace to the -king, who very kindly received him. - -Some days after, the queen, not having more success than before, -returned to the king, and told him that she could not any way bring -them to terms, for they were obstinate in their original intentions. -She then hastened to the castle of Vincennes as speedily as she could. - -On the ensuing morning, the aforesaid lords quitted Montlehery; and -the duke of Berry came to his hôtel of Vinchestre[65], which he had -rebuilt, and was there lodged. The duke of Orleans fixed his quarters -at Gentilly, in the palace of the bishop, and the count d’Armagnac at -Vitry; the rest as near to each other as they could; and at vespers, -they had advanced as far as the suburbs of St Marcel and the gate de -Bordelles. - -The king, the duke of Burgundy, and the other princes, were greatly -surprised at this boldness; and the Parisians, at their own expense, -collected a body of a thousand men armed with helmets to serve as a -guard during the night, and they also made great fires in very many of -the streets. To prevent them from crossing the Seine at Charenton, they -sent two hundred men at arms to defend that pass. - -The third day, Arthur count de Richemont, brother to the duke of -Brittany, joined the dukes of Berry and Orleans, with six thousand -breton horse, to the great displeasure of the king, and especially of -the duke of Burgundy; for the duke of Brittany had lately been summoned -by the king to attend him with his Bretons, and had, for this purpose, -received a very large sum of money. The duke, in consequence, having -other business in hand, sent his brother to serve the king in his room. - -It was also said, that the lord d’Albreth, constable of France, had -disposed of the money sent him in the same manner, and had employed it -in the service of the duke of Berry. The army of the princes marched to -Saint Cloud, and to the adjoining towns, which they plundered, taking -by force whatever they were in need of. Some of the worst of them -ravished and robbed many women, who fled to Paris, and made clamorous -outcries against their ravishers, requiring vengeance from the king, -and restitution, were it possible, of what they had been plundered of. - -The king, moved with pity, and by the importunity of his ministers, -ordered a decree to be drawn out, which condemned the whole of the -Orleans-party to death and confiscation of goods. While this was doing, -the duke of Berry, uncle to the king, hastily sent ambassadors to -Paris to prevent it from taking effect, and in the name of their lord -requested that the decree might be a little delayed, when other means -of accommodation, through God’s grace, would be found. - -This request was granted, and the proclamation of the decree put off: -a negotiation was entered into warmly by both parties, although the -king was very much displeased that the princes of his blood were thus -quarrelling with each other, so that he should be forced to proceed -with rigour against them. To prevent the effusion of blood, the king -desired his chancellor and others of his privy council to exert -themselves diligently that peace might be established; and he likewise -spoke to the same purpose to the duke of Burgundy, the count de St -Pol, and other princes, who promised faithfully that an accommodation -should take place. - -While these matters were going on, the lord de Dampierre, the bishop -of Noyon, the lord de Tignonville, master Gautier de Col, and others, -ambassadors from the king of France, were sent from Paris to Boulogne, -to meet an embassy from the king of England, consisting of the lord -Beaumont, the bishop of St David’s, and others, who had arrived at -Calais to treat of a truce. It was prolonged from All-saints-day, when -the former one expired, to the feast of Easter ensuing. - - - - -CHAP. XXII. - - IN CONSEQUENCE OF THE NEGOTIATIONS BETWEEN THE TWO PARTIES OF - BURGUNDY AND OF ORLEANS, PEACE IS MADE BETWEEN THEM, AND CALLED - ‘THE PEACE OF WINCHESTER,’ WHICH WAS THE SECOND PEACE. - - -After the ambassadors from both parties, namely those of the king and -duke of Burgundy on the one hand, and those of the dukes of Berry, of -Orleans, and of Bourbon, on the other, had held several conferences, -the following treaty was at length concluded, on the 2d of November. - -The princes of the blood on each side, with the exception of the count -de Mortain, were to retire to their principalities, and lead back their -forces, committing as little damage as possible to the countries they -should pass through, without fraud or deception. The duke of Berry had -liberty, if he pleased, to reside at Giens-sur-Loire, and the count -d’Armagnac might stay there with him for fifteen days. The king of -Navarre was to depart for his duchy of Nemours. The duke of Brabant -might, if he so pleased, visit his sister, the duchess of Burgundy, in -that country. - -The aforesaid princes were to conduct their men at arms so that all -trespassing might be mutually avoided on each other’s lands,--nor -should they suffer any of their adherents to commit waste or damage, so -that all inconvenience or source of quarrel might be avoided. - -Item, in whatever garrisons there shall be more men than are usually -kept, the same shall be reduced to the accustomed number of men -retained therein for its defence, without any fraud or deception. And -that these terms may be faithfully observed, the aforesaid lords shall -promise, on their oaths, made before such princes as the king may -nominate, that they will punctually and loyally keep every article. - -Item, the captains of their troops shall make oath also to the due -observance of this treaty; and if it be the good pleasure of the king -he may appoint some of his knights as conductors to the men at arms, -and superintendents on their leaders, to prevent them and their men -from delaying their march, and also from committing waste in the -countries through which they shall pass. - -Item, the aforesaid lords will not return near the person of the king, -unless they be sent for by him, by letters patent under the great seal, -confirmed by his council, or on urgent business,--nor shall any of the -aforesaid lords intrigue to obtain orders for their return; and this -they shall especially swear to before commissioners nominated for the -purpose. The king shall make the terms of this treaty public, and all -the articles they shall swear to observe. - -Should the king think it necessary to send for the duke of Berry, -he shall, at the same time, summon the duke of Burgundy, and _vice -versa_; and this he will observe, in order that they may both meet at -the same time on the appointed day, which will hold good until the -ensuing Easter in the year 1411; and from that day until the following -Easter in 1412, no one of the aforesaid shall proceed against another -by acts of violence or by words.--Every article of this treaty to be -properly drawn out and signed by the king and his council, with certain -penalties to be incurred on the infringement of any of them. - -Item, the king shall select certain able and discreet persons, of -unblemished characters, and no way pensioners, but such as have solely -given their oaths of allegiance to the king, to form the royal council; -and when such persons have been chosen, a list of their names shall be -shown to the princes on each side. - -Item, the dukes of Berry and Burgundy, having the wardship of the duke -of Acquitaine, shall agree together as to the person who shall be their -substitute in that office during their absence; and powers for so doing -shall be sent to the duke of Berry, as he is at present without them. - -Item, the provost of Paris shall be dismissed from all offices which he -holds under the king, and another shall be appointed according to the -king’s pleasure, and as he may judge expedient. - -Item, it was ordained, that no knight, or his heirs, should in future -suffer any molestation because he had not obeyed the summons sent him -by either of the parties; and should they be any way molested, the king -would punish the offender by confiscation of his property. Letters, -confirming this last article, shall be given by the king and the -aforesaid lords to whoever may require them. - -This treaty was concluded on All-saints day, and on the ensuing Monday -confirmed; and four days after, the greater part of the articles were -fulfilled. Sir John de Neele, chancellor to the duke of Acquitaine, -was, by the king’s command, appointed to receive the oaths of the lords -on each side. - -The king dismissed his provost of Paris, sir Peter des Essars, knight, -from all his offices, and nominated sir Brunelet de Sainct-Cler, one of -his masters of the household, to the provostship. He also sent letters, -sealed with his great seal, to the duke of Berry, appointing him to -the guardianship of his son, the duke of Acquitaine. - -In consequence of one of the articles above recited, twelve knights, -four bishops, and four lords of the parliament, were appointed to -govern the kingdom,--namely, the archbishop of Rheims, the bishops -of Noyon and Saint Flour, master John de Torcy, lately one of the -parliament, but now bishop of Tournay, the grand master of the king’s -household sir Guichart Daulphin, the grand master of Rhodes, the -lords de Montenay, de Toursy, de Rambures, d’Offemont, de Rouvroy, de -Rumacourt, Saquet de Toursy, le vidame d’Amiens, sir John de Toursy, -knight to the duke of Berry, and grand master of his household, and the -lord de St George. The two last were nominated, by the dukes of Berry -and Burgundy, guardians to the duke of Acquitaine during their absence. - -The two parties now left Paris and the adjoining fortresses and -castles; but on the following Saturday, the king was again strongly -seized with his usual malady, and confined in his hôtel of St Pol. The -queen and her attendants, then at Vincennes, returned to Paris with her -son, the duke of Acquitaine, and fixed their residence, with her lord, -in the hôtel de St Pol. - -The duke of Burgundy went to Meaux, where he was met by the king of -Navarre;--and thence the duke went to Arras and Flanders, accompanied -by sir Peter des Essars, late provost of Paris, and his most -confidential adviser; and he always gave him the title of provost of -Paris, as though he had still retained the office. - -Conformably to the treaty, all the men at arms on each side returned -to the places whence they had come, but plundering the poor people -on their march. A number of Lombards and Gascons had formed part of -the army of the duke of Orleans, who were mounted on terrible horses, -that were taught to wheel round when on full gallop, which seemed very -astonishing to the French, Flemings, Picards, and Brabanters, who had -not been accustomed to such movements. - -Because the count d’Armagnac had joined the duke of Orleans with a -large body, his men were called _Armagnacs_; and in consequence, the -whole of that faction were called _Armagnacs_. Although there were many -princes of much higher rank in either party than the count d’Armagnac, -they were not pleased if they were not called by this name, which -lasted a very considerable time. - -As the treaty before mentioned had been concluded at the hôtel de -Winchester, where the dukes of Berry and Orleans, with others of their -party were amusing themselves, it was called ‘The Peace of Winchester.’ - -All who had come to these meetings at Paris now departed, and those -to whom the government had been intrusted remained near the person of -the king and the duke of Acquitaine. The people expected, that by this -means they should enjoy more peaceable times; but it happened just the -contrary, as you shall shortly hear. - - - - -CHAP. XXIII. - - A MEETING OF THE UNIVERSITY AND CLERGY IS HELD ON THE XXIII. OF - NOVEMBER, IN THE CHURCH OF ST BERNARD AT PARIS, ON THE STATE OF - THE CHURCH. - - -When peace had been established, a large congregation was held, by -order of the university, on the 23d of November, in the church of -the Bernardins in Paris,--to which were called, the bishop of Puy -in Auvergne, many other prelates, and in general all bachelors and -licentiates in canon and civil law, although in former times doctors -only had been summoned. - -This assembly was holden at the request of the archbishop of Pisa, -and other legates from the pope, on the subject of tythes, the vacant -benefices, and the effects of the dead. But it was opened by the -adoption of a solemn ordinance, which had been ordained during the -papacy of Pietro della Luna, respecting the liberties of the french -church, in the year 1406, and since confirmed by the king, his great -council, and the parliament, namely, that the said church shall be -maintained in all its ancient privileges. It was thus freed from all -tythes, procurations, and subsidies, or taxes whatever. And as the -object of these legates was to establish the above impositions, it was -resolved that the aforesaid ordinance should be strictly conformed to; -and the more effectually to have it observed, they sent deputations -to the king, to his council, and to the parliament, to whom the guard -of this ordinance belonged, to obviate the inconveniences that might -follow should any article of it be infringed. - -It was also concluded, that should the legates attempt, by menaces of -ecclesiastical censures or otherwise, to compel payment of any tribute, -an appeal should be made from them to a general council of the church. - -Item, should any collectors or sub-collectors exact subsidies to -the church, they shall be arrested, and punished by confiscation of -property, and, when they have no property, by imprisonment. - -It was also concluded, that to settle this matter, the king’s attorney, -and other lords, should be requested to join the university. But it was -at last resolved, that should the pope plead an evident want of means -to support the church, a council should be called, and a charitable -subsidy granted, the which should be collected by certain discreet -persons selected by the council, and the amount distributed according -to the directions of the said council. - -On the ensuing Monday was held a royal sessions, at which the duke of -Acquitaine, the archbishop of Pisa, and the other legates from the -pope, the rector and the members of the university were present. In -this meeting, the archbishop declared, that what he demanded was due -to the apostolic chamber, by every right, divine, canon, civil and -natural, and that it was sacred and simple justice,--adding, that -whoever should deny this right was scarcely a Christian. - -The university was greatly displeased, and said, that such expressions -were derogatory to the king’s honour, to that of the university, and -consequently of the whole kingdom. From what had passed, another -general assembly was holden on Sunday the 30th of November, in the -place where it had been held the preceding Sunday; and it was then -determined that the university should send a deputation to the king, -to lay before him the words uttered by the legates, and to demand that -they should be publicly recanted by them. It was proposed, that in case -they should refuse so to do, the faculty of theologians should bring -accusations against them, on the articles of faith, and they should be -punished according to the exigence of the case. It was also resolved, -that the university of Paris should write letters to all the other -universities in the realm, and to the prelates and clergy, to invite -them to unite in their opposition to such tenets. - -Many other things were agitated in this meeting, which I pass over for -the sake of brevity. It was, however, finally concluded to send an -answer to the pope, that he could not have any subsidy granted him in -the way which had been proposed. The meeting came to the resolution, -that the university of Paris should require from the archbishop of -Rheims, and those of the members of the king’s government who, as -members, had given their oaths to the university, to join in the -measures they had adopted, otherwise they should be expelled the -university. - -It should be known, that while these things were passing, the legates, -fearful of the consequences, hastily left Paris, without taking leave, -as is usually done. The holy father, however, sent ambassadors to the -king, to demand payment of the tenth imposed on the french church. When -they declared the object of their mission to the council of state, and -in the presence of the duke of Acquitaine, they said, that not only -was the french church bound to pay this subsidy to the pope, but all -other churches which were under his obedience,--first, from the divine -law in Leviticus, which declares that all deacons shall pay to the -high priest a tenth of their possessions,--and, 2dly, by natural and -positive law. - -Whilst these things were passing, the university came to the council, -and on the morrow a congregation was held in the monastery of the -Bernardins. It was then resolved that the manner of demanding this -subsidy should be reprobated, for that it was iniquitous, and contrary -to the decree of the king and his council in the year 1406, for the -preservation of the franchises of the french church. The university -insisted on this decree being preserved inviolate, and declared, that -if the pope or his legates attempted to constrain any person to pay -this subsidy by censures of the church, it would appeal to a general -council on this subject. Should any of the new ministers attempt any -thing against this decree, the university would appeal to the king and -the whole council of state; and should any members of the university -urge the payment of this tenth, they should be expelled; and if any -persons, guilty of the above offence, should have any property of their -own, the university would require that the said property should be -confiscated to the king’s use, otherwise they should be imprisoned. - -Should the holy father adopt the manner of raising this subsidy by -way of charity, it would be agreeable to the university that the king -should call together the prelates of his realm,--first, to consider -what subjects should be discussed in the general council of the church -to be holden on this occasion; secondly, to deliberate on the demands -made by the ambassadors respecting the tenth. Should it be determined -for the pope to receive this subsidy, the university expressed its wish -that some sufficient person should be deputed from this kingdom to -receive the amount of the same, for the peace and union of the greek -and latin churches, and from England for aid of the holy land, and the -preaching the gospel to all the world; for such were the purposes for -which the legates declared the holy father raised this subsidy. The -university solicited the members of the parliament to unite themselves -with them, for it was in support of their decree made on the demand of -the king’s attorney-general. - -Juvenal des Ursins[66] was deputed by the university to reply to what -the pope’s ambassadors had advanced before the council; but at length -the archbishop of Pisa, perceiving he could not otherwise gain his -object, humbled himself much before the university, and spoke privately -to some of the principal members to prevail on them to assist him. -However, on the 28th day of January, it was declared, that no subsidy -whatever should be granted to the pope without the previous consent of -the french church; and the deliberation on this matter was deferred to -the 10th of February, when many prelates were summoned to give their -opinions thereon. Through the active diligence of the university, the -legates could not obtain consent that a subsidy in any shape should be -granted to the pope, although the greater part of the lords, and in -particular the princes, were very agreeable to it. - -While these matters were transacting at Paris, the holy father sent -letters to the king of France and to the university, to say that -the Florentines refused any longer to obey him, from fear of king -Ladislaus; that this king Ladislaus was assembling an immense army, -as the pope wrote word, to conquer Rome and the adjacent country, -that he might place in the chair of St Peter a pope according to his -pleasure. Should this happen, a more ruinous schism might befal the -church than the former one,--to obviate which, he requested from the -king, the princes, and university, aid and support. This was, through -the intercession of the archbishop of Pisa, complied with, and in the -manner that shall be hereafter related. - - - - -CHAP. XXIV. - - THE LORD DE CROY IS MADE PRISONER WHEN GOING ON AN EMBASSY - FROM THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY TO THE DUKE OF BERRY, TO THE GREAT - DISPLEASURE OF THE LATTER. - - -The duke of Burgundy, shortly after he had left Paris, sent three of -his counsellors, namely, the lords de Croy and de Dours, knights, and -master Raoul, head canon of Tournay and of Amiens, licentiate of law, -as ambassadors to the king at Paris, and to his uncle and godfather, -the duke of Berry, at Bourges. But when they were travelling between -Orleans and Bourges, the lord de Croy was arrested by the officers -of the duke of Orleans on the last day but one of January, without -any molestation being given to the other two ambassadors or their -attendants. - -He was carried to a castle within three leagues of Blois, and, on the -morrow, strictly interrogated respecting the murder of the late duke -of Orleans, and put to the torture to confess if he had been any way -consenting to it, or an accomplice in it; but they could not discover -any thing to his prejudice. On the following Sunday, he was carried to -Blois, and confined in the dungeons of a prison. - -The other ambassadors continued their route to Bourges, where, having -explained to the duke of Berry the object of their mission, they humbly -entreated that he would exert himself with the duke of Orleans that the -lord de Croy might obtain his liberty. When they related to him the -manner of the lord de Croy being arrested, the duke was filled with -indignation, and instantly sent letters signed with his hand to the -duke of Orleans, to say that he must immediately give up his prisoner, -whom he had illegally arrested when coming to him; and that if he did -not do it, he would have him for his enemy. - -The duke of Orleans, on the receipt of this letter, considered it well, -and replied at length most courteously to the duke of Berry, excusing -himself for what he had done, but putting off the setting the lord de -Croy at liberty. The king and the duke of Acquitaine were soon made -acquainted with this arrest,--and they sent letters to the duke of -Orleans, commanding him instantly to deliver the lord de Croy from his -imprisonment, on pain of incurring their indignation. - -Notwithstanding these letters, the duke of Orleans would not give him -his liberty, but kept him in close confinement, where he was very often -most rigorously treated, and at times examined and put to the torture. - -In the mean time, the other ambassadors sent messengers to the duke of -Burgundy, to notify to him this conduct and the means they had taken in -vain for the deliverance of the lord de Croy. - -The duke was much surprised and vexed at this news, for he greatly -loved the lord de Croy. Having considered this insult, and others that -had been offered to his friends, he thought it time to take effectual -measures for his security, and in consequence amassed as large a sum as -he could: to this end, he sold his right to all confiscations within -the town of Ghent to the townsmen, and yielded for money several other -privileges to the Flemings. He likewise carried his son, the count -de Charolois, to show him to many of the principal towns as their -future lord, who, on this occasion, made him considerable presents. He -afterward held a grand council on his affairs, in the town of Tournay, -which was attended by his brothers-in-law duke William and the bishop -of Liege. The count de Namur was also present, and several great lords -from the borders of the empire. The duke of Burgundy solicited their -aid against his enemies, should need be, and in particular against -the duke of Orleans, his brothers and allies. This service they -offered him liberally, to the utmost of their power. Having obtained -their promises, he went to Lille, whither the marshal Boucicaut, late -governor of Genoa, came to meet him. He received him very kindly, and -carried him with him to his town of Arras, whither he had convoked all -the lords and nobles of the county of Artois and its dependancies. - -When they were assembled in the great hall of his residence, he -addressed them himself, and caused them to be harangued by master -William Bouvier, knight, licentiate of law, to explain how his enemies -were plotting daily to arrest and imprison his friends, and had -actually arrested and imprisoned the lord de Croy; for which cause he -had now assembled them, to request that they would remain loyal, and -that, should there be a necessity, they would enter into his pay and -serve him,--for they might be assured it would be solely in his own -defence, and for that of the king and the duke of Acquitaine, that -he would ever take up arms. He declared, that it was merely for the -preservation of the crown to his present majesty, and to his heirs, -that he had slain the duke of Orleans, father to the present duke. -This death had been lately pardoned, and peace established by the -king in the town of Chartres, and proclaimed by letters patent. He -added, that should any of the conditions of that treaty of Chartres be -unaccomplished by him, he was ready to fulfil them, and willing to do -any thing else that would afford satisfaction. - -When he had concluded his speech, the nobles and knights present -unanimously replied, that they would serve him to the utmost of their -power. The meeting then broke up, and each man returned to his own -country and home. - -The marshal Boucicaut went to Paris, and in full council, presided -by the duke of Acquitaine in the place of his father, he accused the -Genoese of various crimes, and exculpated himself for having lost that -town; and ended by entreating, that he might be sufficiently supplied -with men and money to offer them battle and regain it. - -The council deferred giving an answer at the moment, but appointed a -day for him to receive it. In the mean time, Boucicaut waited on all -the principal lords, to interest them in his cause, and to beg that -they would press the king and council to hasten a compliance with his -request. It was ordered by the council, conjunctively with the three -estates, that the Genoese should be summoned to appear before them at -Paris, at the feast of Easter, when many of the nobles would be there -assembled on other weighty affairs, particularly to have their consent -that the duke of Acquitaine should be appointed regent of the kingdom, -for the Parisians were extremely pressing that this should be done. - -The duke of Berry, however, was much displeased when he heard of it, -and, to prevent it, wrote urgent letters to the duke of Acquitaine, to -the queen, and to the great council, giving substantial reasons why -this could not and ought not to be done, considering how very young the -duke of Acquitaine was,--adding, that he and his brother Philip duke of -Burgundy, of good memory, had sworn on the holy sacrament that they -would support and defend, to their last drop of blood, their nephew, -the king now on the throne, against all who should attempt any thing to -his dishonour or disadvantage. - -While these things were in agitation, the king recovered his -health,--and of course, the duke of Acquitaine was not regent, to the -great satisfaction of the duke of Berry, who was much rejoiced thereat. - -In consequence of the quarrel that had now again broken out between the -dukes of Orleans and Burgundy, the king issued a proclamation to all -the bailiwicks, provostships, seneschalships and governments in his -realm, to forbid all nobles, of whatever rank they might be, and every -other person, to obey the summons or join in arms either of the above -dukes, under pain of their property being confiscated. - -On the Wednesday of the holy week, the duke of Bourbon and the count -de Vertus, brother to the duke of Orleans, marched five hundred men at -arms to Clermont in Beauvoisis, and thence invaded Normandy. The count -de Vertus did not remain long there, but, taking a part of the men at -arms, left the duke of Bourbon, and hastened to the countries of the -Soissonnois and Valois, to the territory of Coucy, which belonged to -his brother, and there placed a good garrison. - -True it is, that when the duke of Burgundy heard this, he was much -troubled, and, as speedily as he could, ordered his men at arms to meet -him at Château-Cambresis the last day but one of April. But when these -transactions came to the knowledge of the king and council, he sent -able ambassadors to each of these dukes, to forbid them, under pain of -having all their lands confiscated, and being declared enemies to their -king and country, to attempt any expeditions against each other, and -commanded them instantly to disband their forces. For this time they -very humbly obeyed his orders, and deferred proceeding further for a -considerable space. - - - - -[A. D. 1411.] - -CHAP. XXV. - - THE DUKE OF ORLEANS SENDS AMBASSADORS TO THE KING OF FRANCE, - WITH LETTERS OF ACCUSATION AGAINST THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY AND - THOSE OF HIS PARTY. - - -At the commencement of this year, the duke of Orleans was displeased -that those ministers who had been nominated by the duke of Burgundy had -greater influence than any of the others, and that they daily deprived -such as had been attached to the late duke of Orleans, and were now -his friends, of their offices. In consequence, he sent ambassadors -to the king to complain of this conduct, and to require that the -murderers of his father should be punished conformably to the articles -of the treaty, but who were now residents within the kingdom. To these -ambassadors promises were made, on the part of the king, that proper -remedies should be applied to give them satisfaction. - -On their departure, the king sent to his uncle, the duke of Berry, at -Bourges, to require that he would interfere between his two nephews of -Orleans and Burgundy, and make peace between them, which he engaged -to do; and in consequence, he sent his chancellor, the archbishop of -Bourges, to Paris, well instructed by the duke how he was to act. - -Shortly after, this chancellor, the marshal Boucicaut, with others, -were dispatched to the duke of Burgundy, then at St Omer, who, having -heard all they had to say, replied, that it was no fault of his, nor -should it ever be so, that any articles of the late treaties were -infringed; for that in this, and in every thing else, he was very -desirous of obeying the king. And this his answer they laid before the -king and council. - -But as the proceedings against the murderers of the late duke of -Orleans did not seem to his son, and his advisers, to be carried on -with sufficient vigour, he wrote letters, signed with his own hand, to -complain of this and other matters to the king, the contents of which -were as follows: - -‘Most redoubted lord, after offering my humble recommendation,--lately, -very redoubted lord, two of your counsellors came to me, namely, sir -Collart de Charleville, knight, and sir Simon de Nanterre, president of -your parliament, whom you had been pleased to send me to signify and -explain your good will and pleasure touching certain points, which they -have clearly and distinctly declared, according to the terms of their -commission. - -‘First, they require and entreat of me, in your name, who may command -me as your loyal subject and humble servant, that I should submit the -quarrel that subsists between me and the duke of Burgundy, for the -inhuman and cruel murder of my very redoubted lord and father, and your -own brother, on whose soul may God have mercy! to my lady the queen, -and to my lord and uncle the duke of Berry, who has been in like manner -solicited by your ambassadors to labour diligently to establish a firm -peace, for the general good of the kingdom. - -‘They have informed me, that you have also made a similar proposal to -the duke of Burgundy,--and that, to effectuate so desirable an object -as peace, I should send four of my friends to my said uncle of Berry, -who will there meet the same number from the duke of Burgundy. - -‘The second point mentioned by them is, that you entreat I would desist -from assembling men at arms. - -‘Thirdly, that I would accept of letters from you similar to those -which had been formerly sent me at my request, respecting the -murderers, and their accomplices, of my late father and your brother. - -‘Having very maturely weighed and considered the above points, I reply, -that I most humbly thank you, very redoubted lord, for your grace and -kindness in thus sending to me; and I can assure you, that I have no -greater pleasure than in hearing often from you, and of your noble -state; that I was, and am always ready to serve and obey you in body -and fortune, to the utmost extent of my own and my subjects’ abilities. - -‘But as the matters which they have mentioned to me in your name are -of very high consideration and importance, concerning yourself and -your noble state, and as I shall ever be most anxious to show my ready -obedience to your will, I was unable at the moment to make them any -reply, excepting that I would send you an answer as speedily as I -could. This I have hitherto deferred, for I know you have near your -person, and in your council, several of my bitter enemies, whom you -ought to regard as yours also, and to whom I am unwilling that my -answer, or my future intentions, should be made known: neither is it -right they should be made acquainted with what concerns me, or have the -opportunity of giving their opinions in council, or elsewhere, relative -thereto. - -‘I therefore assure you, most redoubted lord, in the fullest manner, -that I am your humble son and nephew, ready at all times to obey you -as my sovereign lord, and most heartily anxious to honour and exalt to -the utmost of my power your crown and dignity, as well as that of the -queen, the duke of Acquitaine, and all your other children and kingdom, -and to advise you most loyally and faithfully, without ever concealing -any thing from you that may tend to the glory of your crown, or to the -welfare of your realm. - -‘I have some time hesitated to denounce to you such of my enemies, and -yours also, as are in your council and service, namely, the bishop of -Tournay, the vidame d’Amiens, John de Neelles[67], the lord de Heilly, -Charles de Savoisy, Anthony des Essars, John de Courcelles, Peter de -Fontenay and Maurice de Railly, who, by force or underhand means, are -capable of doing me great mischief, insomuch that they have dismissed -certain very able men from their offices, who were your trusty -servants, and have done them very great and irreparable damages: they -are guilty also of insinuating very many falsehoods, to keep myself and -others, your relations and faithful servants, at a distance from you, -by which, and other means equally dishonourable and iniquitous, long -followed by them and their adherents, have they troubled the peace of -the kingdom: nor is it very probable that so long as such persons shall -remain in power, and in your service, any firm or lasting peace can be -established; for they will always prevent you from doing justice to -myself or to others, which ought indifferently to be done to all,--to -the poor as well as to the rich. - -‘This conduct they pursue, because they know themselves guilty of many -crimes, and especially John de Neelles and the lord de Heilly, who were -accomplices in the murder of my late honoured father, and your only -brother, under the protection of the duke of Burgundy, the principal -in this crime. They are his sworn servants and pensioners, or allies -to the said duke, whence they may be reputed actors and accomplices in -this base and cowardly assassination. These accomplices, most redoubted -lord, appear daily in your presence, and you ought to consider their -crimes in the same light as if done personally against you, for indeed -your authority was set at nought. - -‘That I may now say all that I know, I am satisfied, that had not the -course of your justice been checked by the aforesaid persons and their -accomplices, ample justice would have been done for the death of my -lord and father, and your brother, with the aid of your officers and -loyal subjects, as I know for certain that they were well inclined to -it. - -‘For this I am very thankful; and I most earnestly pray you, for your -own honour, for that of the queen and of the duke of Acquitaine, as -well as for the honour of your kingdom, that you would do good and fair -justice, by causing these guilty persons to be arrested and punished, -since they are equally your enemies as mine,--and that you would not -longer admit to your presence and councils the partisans of the duke of -Burgundy, but select in their places good, loyal, and able men, such as -may be found in abundance in your kingdom. - -‘When these things shall be done, I will then, under God’s pleasure, -send you such answer, that you may clearly know my inmost thoughts, and -which shall prove satisfactory to God, to yourself, and to the world. -For the love of God, I pray you, my most redoubted lord, do not neglect -doing this; otherwise I see plainly, that whatever supplications or -requests I make to you will never be attended to, although they be -conformable to reason and justice, and that you will be prevented from -acting in the manner you have proposed, through your ambassadors to me, -nor shall I be able to do what they have required from me on your part. - -‘Therefore, my most redoubted lord, I beg you will not disappoint -me; for what I have required is but just and reasonable, as will be -apparent to any one. My very dear lord, may it please you to order me -according to your good pleasure, and, with the will of God, I will obey -you faithfully in all things.’ - -When the duke of Orleans had sent this letter to the king, he wrote -others of the like tenour to the chancellor of France, and to such -of the ministers as he knew were favourable to him, to entreat that -they would earnestly exert themselves in pressing the king, queen, and -duke of Acquitaine, to dismiss those of the council who governed under -the name of the duke of Burgundy, and whose names have been already -noticed,--and that he might obtain justice on the murderers of his -late father. Notwithstanding the many attempts he made by repeated -letters to the king and to others, he could not at that time, through -the interposition before mentioned, obtain any answer which was -satisfactory. - - - - -CHAP. XXVI. - - THE DEATH OF THE DUKE OF BAR.--THE KING OF FRANCE SENDS AN - EMBASSY TO THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY,--AND OTHER MATTERS. - - -In this year died that valiant and wise man Henry duke of Bar, and was -succeeded by his eldest son Edward, marquis du Pont, in the duchy of -Bar and castlewick of Cassel, excepting a part which he had bequeathed -as an inheritance, after his decease, to Robert de Bar, son to the -deceased Henry de Bar, his eldest son, and to the lady de Coucy, -namely, Varneston, Bourbourg, Dunkirk and Rhodes[68]. In consequence -of his death, Edward was styled Duke of Bar, and began his reign -prosperously. - -At this period, the king of France sent ambassadors to the duke of -Burgundy, who, beside what they delivered to him in speech, gave -him the letters which the duke of Orleans had written to the king, -containing his charges against him and his accomplices. He was much -displeased at this conduct, and made reply by these ambassadors, that -the charges brought against him by the duke of Orleans were untrue. -When he had received the ambassadors with every honour, he took leave -of them, and went to his county of Flanders: and they returned to -Paris without any satisfactory answer to the matters concerning which -they had been sent. - -It was not long before the duke of Burgundy raised a large body of men -at arms, whom he sent into the Cambresis, and toward St Quentin; but -immediately after, by orders from the king and council, he dismissed -them to the places whence they had come. - -On the 15th day of July, master John Petit, doctor of divinity, whom -the duke of Orleans had intended to prosecute, before the university -of Paris, for heresy, died in the town of Hesdin, in the hôtel of -the hospital which the duke of Burgundy had given him, beside large -pensions, and was buried in the church of the Friars Minors in the town -of Hesdin. - -At this time, a tax was laid on the clergy of France and of Dauphiny, -of half a tenth, by the pope, with the consent of the king, the -princes, and the university of Paris, and the greater part of the -prelates and cities, to be paid by two instalments; the first on -Magdalen day, and the second at Whitsuntide following. It was so -rigorously collected that the poorer clergy complained bitterly. - -During this transaction, and while the duke of Burgundy was resident -in his town of Bruges, on Saturday the 10th of July, sir Amé de -Sarrebrusse, sir Clugnet de Brabant, and other captains of the duke of -Orleans, came, with a numerous body of men at arms, before Coucy, in -the Vermandois, and Ham sur Somme. - -News of this was soon carried to the duke of Burgundy, who, suspecting -they intended to invade and make war on his territories, gave -commissions to several of his captains, namely, the lord de Heilly, -Enguerrand de Bournouville, the lord de Ront, and some others, to march -a body of men at arms towards Bapaume and Ham, to oppose the Armagnacs, -should they attempt to penetrate further into the country. - -During this time, the duke of Orleans and his brothers continued their -solicitations for justice, and again sent letters to the king, princes, -cities, and prelates, to engage them to unite with them in obtaining -the object of their petitions. The tenour of the letter they wrote to -the king is as follows. - - - - -CHAP. XXVII. - - THE DUKE OF ORLEANS AND HIS BROTHERS SEND LETTERS TO THE KING - OF FRANCE, TO OTHER LORDS, AND TO SEVERAL OF THE PRINCIPAL - TOWNS IN FRANCE, TO COMPLAIN OF THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY. - - -‘Most redoubted and sovereign lord,--we Charles duke of Orleans, -Philip count de Vertus, and John count of Angoulême, brothers, your -very humble children and nephews, have, with all due humiliation -and submission, considered it right to lay before you, jointly and -separately, what follows. - -‘Although the barbarous and cruel murder of our redoubted lord and very -dear father, your brother, must for certain be most strongly impressed -on your royal memory, and engraven on your heart,--nevertheless, most -redoubted lord, our grief and the sense of what is due to us from all -laws, human and divine, force us to renew in your memory all the minute -transactions of that inhuman event. - -‘It is a fact, most dear lord, that John, who styles himself duke -of Burgundy, through a hatred he had long nourished in his breast, -and from an insatiate ambition and a desire of governing your realm, -and that he might have the office of regent, as he has clearly shown -and daily continues to show, did, on the 14th day of November in the -year 1407, most treacherously murder your brother, our most renowned -lord and father, in the streets of Paris, and during the night, by -causing him to be waylaid by a set of infamous wretches, hired for this -purpose, without having previously testified any displeasure towards -him. This is well known to all the world; for it has been publicly -avowed by the traitorous murderer himself, who is more disloyal, cruel, -and inhuman than you can imagine; and we do not believe you can find in -any writings one of a more perverse or faithless character. - -‘In the first place, they were so nearly connected by blood, being -cousins-german, the children of two brothers, that it adds to his crime -of murder that of parricide; and the laws cannot too severely punish -so detestable an action. They were also brothers in arms, having twice -or thrice renewed this confederation under their own hands and seals, -and solemnly sworn on the holy sacrament, in the presence of very many -prelates and nobles, that they would be true and loyal friends,--that -they would not do any thing to the prejudice of each other, either -openly or secretly, nor suffer any such like thing to be done by others. - -‘They, besides, entered into various protestations of love and -friendship, making the most solemn promises to continue true brothers -in arms, as is usual in such cases, to demonstrate that they felt a -perfect friendship for each other; and as a confirmation of their -affection, they mutually wore each other’s colours and badges. - -‘Secondly, he proved the perverseness of his heart by the manner in -which this murder was committed. Under cover of his pretended affection -for your aforesaid brother, he conversed frequently with him; and once -when he was ill, a short time before his death, he visited him at his -house of Beauté sur Marne, and in Paris, showing him every sign of love -and friendship that brother, cousin, or friend could testify,--when, -at the same time, he had plotted his death, had sent for the murderers -to Paris, and had even hired the house to hide them in, which clearly -demonstrates the wickedness and disloyalty of his heart. - -‘In addition to what I have just stated, and the very day before the -murder took place, after the council which you had held at the hôtel -de St Pol was broken up, they both, in your presence and before the -other princes of the blood who were there, drank wine and ate together; -and your brother invited him to dine with him the Sunday following. -The duke of Burgundy accepted the invitation, although he knew what -a diabolical attempt he harboured in his heart, and that it would be -put into effect the very first favourable opportunity. This is an -abomination disgraceful even to relate. - -‘On the morrow, therefore, notwithstanding all his fair promises and -oaths, being obstinately bent upon his wicked purpose, he caused him to -be put to death with more cruelty than ever man of any rank suffered, -by those whom he had hired to waylay and murder him, and who had, for -a long time, been watching their opportunity. They first cut off his -right hand, which was found the next day in the dirt: they then cut his -left arm so that it held only by the skin, and, beside, fractured and -laid open his skull in several places that his brains were scattered -in the street; and they then dragged his body through the mud, until it -was quite lifeless. - -‘It would be pitiful to hear of such barbarous conduct towards the -meanest subject: how much the more horror must the recital cause, when -it was practised on the first prince of the blood of France! Never was -any branch of your noble race so cruelly and infamously treated,--and -you and all of your blood, and such of your subjects as wish you well, -ought not to suffer such a lamentable deed to be perpetrated without -any punishment or reparation whatever, as is the case till this present -time, which is the most shameful thing that ever happened, or ever -could happen, to so noble a house; and additional disgrace will fall -upon it, if you any longer delay justice. - -‘Thirdly, he shows his perverseness and obstinacy by false and damnable -hypocrisy; for after the horrid deed had been done, he came with the -other princes dressed in black, to attend the body, pretending the -utmost grief at the funeral for the loss of his brother in arms, -thinking by this means to cover the wickedness of his sin. It would be -tiresome to relate all the damnable and hypocritical arts he employed -to hide the treacherous and murderous part he had acted, until he -perceived that his crime must be brought to light by the diligence of -your officers of justice. - -‘He then, and then only, confessed to the king of Sicily, and to the -duke of Berry, that he had perpetrated this murder, or at least had -caused it to be committed; and that the devil had tempted him to do -it, for that in truth he could not assign any other cause for having -so done. But he was not contented with murdering his body: he wanted -again, so great is his iniquity, to murder his fame and fair reputation -by false and wicked accusations, when he was no more able to defend -himself against them. The falsehood of these charges, through the grace -of God, is notorious to you and to the whole world. - -‘My late most redoubted lady-mother, whose soul may God receive! -suffered the utmost tribulation, not only for the death of her -much-beloved lord and husband, but also for the inhuman and cruel -manner of it; and like one in despair, attended by me, John of -Angoulême, she waited on you, as her king and sovereign lord, and -her sole refuge in this her distress, and most humbly supplicated -that you would, out of your benign goodness, have compassion on her -and her children, and would order such prompt and just judgment to -be executed on the perpetrators of this murder as the blackness of -the case required; and as you are bound in your quality of king to -administer strict justice to all your subjects without delay, as well -to the poor as to the rich, so rather the more promptly ought you to -exercise it in favour of the poor and deserted than for the rich and -powerful; for this upright administration of justice is a great virtue, -and on this account were kings chiefly appointed, and power intrusted -to their hands. The case that was then and is now again brought before -you requires the most speedy justice; for it not only concerns you as -king, but affects you more sensibly and personally,--for her husband, -our much regretted lord, who was so treacherously slain, was your only -brother, and, consequently, strict justice ought to have been granted -to her, and done on the murderers. - -‘You did indeed appoint a day for doing her this justice; on which -account, she constantly employed her agents near your person, to -remind you thereof: she waited long after the appointed day had elapsed -for the judgment which you had promised her,--and, notwithstanding all -her diligence and exertions, she met with nothing but delays, caused by -the means of the aforesaid traitor, his friends and adherents, as shall -be more fully explained hereafter. - -‘However, most redoubted lord, I know for certain, that your -inclinations were very willing to do us justice, and that they still -remain the same. Our most afflicted mother, attended by me Charles of -Orleans, again returned; and we renewed our request to have judgment -executed on the assassins of our late lord and father. We also caused -to be most fully detailed before my lord of Acquitaine, your eldest -son, and by you commissioned as your lieutenant on this occasion, and -before the queen, every circumstance relative to the murder, and the -infamous charges urged by way of exculpation by the murderer, and the -causes why he had committed this atrocious crime. We, at the same time, -fully replied to what had been argued in his defence; and after this, -our lady-mother caused conclusions to be drawn against the aforesaid -traitor, according to the usual customs of your reign, and required -that your attorney should join with her in the further prosecution of -the criminals, so that they might be brought to justice. - -‘When this was done, our very redoubted lord the duke of Acquitaine, -by the advice of the princes of your blood and divers others of your -council, then present at the Louvre, made answer to our lady-mother, -that, as your lieutenant, he and the princes of the blood, and -the members of your council, were satisfied, and pleased with the -justifications offered by our lady-mother in behalf of your brother, -our much redoubted father, whose soul may God pardon! and that they -considered him as fully innocent of the charges brought against him, -and added, that substantial justice should be done to her satisfaction. - -‘Notwithstanding all these promises, there was much delay in their -execution, insomuch that she frequently renewed her solicitations -to you, the princes of your blood, and to your council, and used -various other means to obtain justice, the recital of which would -tire you: nevertheless, she could never gain the assistance of your -attorney-general in prosecuting the aforesaid criminals to judgment, -which circumstance is lamentable to think on. - -‘For the aforesaid traitor, well knowing your inclination to execute -justice, knowing also that his crime could by no means be justified, in -order to prevent matters being pushed to extremity, (notwithstanding -your positive orders to him, to forbid his appearing at Paris, with any -body of men at arms) came thither with a powerful force, composed of -foreigners, and several who had been banished your realm, who did great -mischief to the countries through which they passed, as is notorious to -every one. - -‘Your and our lady the queen, with the duke of Acquitaine, your son -and heir, and the princes of the blood, were forced to quit your -capital before he arrived there. He remained, therefore, in your -town of Paris lord paramount, and conducted himself in a tyrannical -manner, subversive of your dominion, and contrary to the interests -of the people. To avoid greater inconveniences and oppressions on -your subjects from him and his men at arms, it was judged expedient -that you, the royal family and council of state should, according to -his good pleasure, come to Chartres, and there grant him whatever -he should ask. Thus he thought he should be acquitted of all the -traitorous acts and murders which he had committed, by trampling your -justice under his feet. Consequently he refuses to suffer any of your -officers to take cognizance of his crimes, and has not condescended to -humiliate himself before you, whom he has troubled and offended more -than can be told. He is not, therefore, capable of receiving any grace -by law or reason; nor worthy of being admitted to your presence, and -having any favours shown to him or to his dependants and friends. He -should have presented himself before you in all humility and contrition -for his offences; whereas he has done precisely the contrary, and has -so obstinately persisted in his wickedness that he has had the boldness -to avow to yourself publicly, and before so great an assembly as met at -Chartres, that he put your only brother to death for your welfare and -that of the state. - -‘He wishes also to maintain, that you told him you were not displeased -that it had been done. This has shocked every loyal ear that has heard -it, and will shock still more the generations to come, who shall read -and learn that a king of France (the greatest monarch in Christendom) -should not have been displeased at the most inhuman and traitorous -murder of his only brother. - -‘This is so manifestly treason of the deepest die against your -own honour, and that of your crown and kingdom, that scarcely any -punishments ordered by law and justice are capable of making reparation -for it. It is also greatly prejudicial to the far-famed justice of your -courts of law. - -‘Notwithstanding the excuses which he made to you, that the murder -of your brother had been committed for your personal security, and -the good of your kingdom, it is notorious, that it had been plotted -a very long time, through his immeasurable ambition of obtaining the -government of your realm, as I have before stated. He has declared to -several of his dependants and officers, that there never before was -committed in this country so base a murder; and yet, in his defence, he -says it was done for the public good, and for your personal safety. - -‘It is therefore very clear, according to law and equity, that every -thing done at Chartres on that day is null and void; and what perhaps -is as deserving of punishment as the commission of the crime itself -is, that he never deigned to pay you any honour, respect, or condolence -for such a loss as that of your brother, nor ever once solicited -pardon, or any remission for his offence whatever. And he wishes to -maintain, that without confessing his guilt, and without demanding -pardon, you have remitted all further proceedings against him, which is -contrary to all equity and written laws,--a mere illusion, or rather a -derision of justice, namely, thus to leave a murderer, without taking -any cognizance of his crime, without penitence or contrition, and -to prosecute no inquiry into his conduct, and, what is worse, when -such a criminal obstinately perseveres in his wickedness, even in the -presence of his sovereign lord. On that same day, however, he fell -into a manifest and apparent contradiction; for he says that he has -done well, and consequently he assumes to himself merit, and requires -remuneration,--and, nevertheless, he pretends to say that you have -given him pardon and remission, which circumstance implies not good -deeds and merit, but a crime and offence. - -‘He has never offered any prayers for the salvation of the soul of the -deceased, nor any remuneration to those who have suffered from the -loss caused by him; and this you ought not, and cannot in any manner -pardon. - -‘Thus it clearly appears, that what was done at Chartres was contrary -to every principle of law, equity, reason and justice; whence it again -follows, that from this, and other causes too long to be detailed, all -the proceedings at Chartres are null and of no effect. Should any one -maintain, that the treaty made at Chartres is good and binding, it may -very easily be shown, that this aforesaid traitor has infringed the -articles of it in various ways, and has been the first to violate it. - -‘Although you had ordered, that henceforth he should in no way act to -our prejudice, and although he had sworn to observe it,--nevertheless -he did directly the contrary; for, thinking to damn the good fame of -our very redoubted lord and father, he caused your grand master of -the household, whose soul may God receive! to be arrested, thrown -into close imprisonment, and inhumanly tortured, so that his limbs -were broken, and made him suffer other martyrdom that he might, -through the severity of torture, force him to confess that our -ever-to-be-regretted lord and father, and your only brother, whose -soul may God pardon! was guilty of some of the charges which he had -falsely brought against him, so that his crimes might be excused, and -that he might for ever destroy the honour of our family. - -‘He had the grand master carried to the place of execution, who there, -when death was before his eyes, declared, on the damnation of his soul -if he told a falsehood, that he had never in his life seen any thing -treasonable in the conduct of the late duke of Orleans, or any thing -that tended to the hurt of any individual,--but that he had always most -loyally served you: and should he have said any thing to the contrary -when under torture, it must have been his sufferings that forced him to -utter what he thought would please his tormentors. What he now said was -the real truth, and he uttered it on the peril of damnation; and this -he persevered in to the moment of his execution, in the hearing of many -knights and other respectable persons. - -‘This plainly demonstrates, that the duke of Burgundy’s conduct was -precisely the reverse to what he had sworn to observe when at Chartres. - -‘He has received into his hôtel and supported, and continues daily -so to do, the murderers who slew your brother, although they were -especially excepted out of the treaty concluded at Chartres. He -likewise, as is notorious, troubles the officers and servants of our -late lord and father, who now appertain to us, and dismisses them from -all the employments which they held under your government, without any -other cause whatever but his hatred to us and to our house, and to -those servants who are attached to us. He even attempted not only to -ruin them in their fortunes, but to take away their lives by means too -tedious to relate; but the facts are notorious. - -‘The traitor, therefore, sensible of the horror of his criminal -cruelty, and that he could not by any means palliate it, has usurped -the government of your kingdom (for the sole cause of his murdering -your brother was his unbounded ambition),--and, by so doing, -effectually prevents your officers of justice from taking cognizance -of his crimes, and likewise creates infinite grief to all your loyal -subjects and wellwishers. - -‘He detains your royal person, as well as that of my lord the duke of -Acquitaine, in such subjection that no one, however high his rank, can -have access to you, whatever may be his business, without first having -obtained permission from those whom he has placed around you, and has -thus driven from you and your family several faithful and valiant -servants long attached to you, and filled their places with his own -creatures, and in great part with foreigners and persons unknown to -you. In like manner, he has acted toward my lord of Acquitaine. - -‘He has also displaced your officers,--in particular, such as held -the principal posts in your realm; and as for your finances, he has -lavished them here and there according to his will and pleasure, but -greatly to his own advantage, and not at all for the good of yourself, -or for the relief of your people, which has caused much discontent -against you. The underlings in office he has sorely vexed, under -feigned pretences of justice, and has robbed them of their fortunes, -which he has applied to his own proper use, as is well known throughout -Paris and elsewhere. - -‘In short, he has introduced such a licentiousness of manners into the -kingdom that all sorts of crimes are committed, without inquiry or -punishment following them; and thus, from default or neglect of justice -being done on this enormous and detestable murderer, many other murders -have been committed with impunity in different parts of the realm, -since the melancholy death of our much-regretted lord and father, -murderers and other criminals saying, ‘Our crimes will be passed over, -since no notice has been taken of him who slew the king’s brother.’ - -‘On this account, most redoubted lord, my lord of Berry your uncle, -the duke of Bourbon, the count d’Alençon, the counts de Clermont and -d’Armagnac, and I Charles of Orleans, wishing to testify our loyalty to -you, as we are bound by parentage, and being your very humble subjects, -had intended coming to you last year to lay before you the damnable -government of your kingdom, and to remonstrate, that should it continue -longer, it must end in the destruction of yourself, your family, and -your realm. - -‘In order, therefore, that you may hear us as well as such as may -maintain the contrary, let there be chosen a sufficient number of -discreet men to examine into the grievances we complain of; and let a -remedy be applied to them, providing first for the security of your -royal person, and for that of my lord of Acquitaine. This was more -fully explained in the proclamations issued previously to our coming -to Paris, when, for our personal safety, we were accompanied by our -friends and vassals, all of them your subjects; and our only object in -thus coming was the welfare of yourself and your kingdom. - -‘We offered to wait on you with very few attendants, but we could -never obtain access to you, nor have a single audience, through the -obstructions of this traitor, who was alway by your side; and he alone -prevented the goodness of our intentions being made known to you, -from his persevering ambition and his boundless desire of seizing the -government of yourself and realm. - -‘We, therefore, finding all hopes of seeing you fruitless, in -consequence of agreements concluded with your council, returned home; -but to avoid, if possible, the destruction of your country, we must -again confederate.--We faithfully observed all the articles of the -agreement; but we were no sooner at a distance than our enemy violated -them in the most essential part. It had been settled that your new -ministry should be composed of men of unblemished characters, who were -not partisans or servants, or pensioners to either side; but he has -kept those that were attached to him in power, so that he has now a -majority in the council, and consequently rules more despotically and -more securely than when he held the reins of government in his own hand. - -‘These grievances are increasing, and will increase, unless God shall -direct your mind to provide a remedy to them. - -‘Pierre des Essars, who had been provost of your good town of Paris, -and minister of finance, was to be deprived of these offices, and of -every employment he held under your name. This was done for a short -time,--but he has since obtained for him, by letters sealed with -your great seal, a re-appointment to the provostship, under pretence -of which the said Pierre des Essars has returned to Paris, and has -attempted by force to execute the duties of that office. He came, in -fact, to the court of the Châtelet, seated himself on the judgment -seat, and took possession of his office with the knowledge and -connivance of the duke of Burgundy,--and it was not his fault, if he -failed in success. - -‘Hence it appears plainly, that the late arrangements have been by -him, and those of his party, violated; and that he never had any real -intentions of keeping the treaty is clear from his having consented to -the dismission of Pierre des Essars, and then secretly procuring his -restitution. It was also stipulated in this treaty, that all who had -been deprived of their offices for having been in the company of me, -Charles d’Orleans, and the other lords, at the hôtel of Winchester, -should be restored to them; and that, by your orders, and those of your -council, sir John de Charencieres was to be replaced in his government -of your town and castle of Caen,--nevertheless, the duke of Burgundy, -in opposition to these your orders, had him displaced, and solicited -the appointment for himself, from hatred to sir John de Charencieres, -and, having obtained it, now holds it, which is another infringement of -the treaty. - -‘Notwithstanding, most redoubted lord and sovereign, all the diligence -and exertions made by our much-loved mother, whose soul may God -pardon! to obtain justice on the murderers of our late very dear -father, four years have now elapsed without any judgment being passed -on such enormous criminals, although she pursued every means in her -power. - -‘In consequence of this failure or neglect, I, Charles of Orleans, have -of late most humbly supplicated you to grant me warrants against these -aforesaid murderers, addressed to all your justices, that they might, -on due examination of the charges, imprison and punish, according to -the exigency of the case, all or any who may have been implicated in -this abominable crime. In this I made not any extraordinary request; -for justice is due to all your subjects, and cannot be refused them: -you cannot believe that any man, however low his rank, in your kingdom, -would have a similar request neglected by your courts of justice, for -I know it could not be refused. However, in spite of every exertion I -could make, I have never yet been able to obtain these warrants, the -reason of which is, as I suppose, that some of your new ministers are -implicated in the crime I am anxious to have punished, and therefore -will not suffer such warrants to be issued. - -‘For this reason, therefore, most redoubted lord, have I of -late earnestly supplicated you, that you would, from personal -considerations, and for the good of your realm, dismiss from your -service the persons named in my letter,--for I therein charged them -with having obstructed public justice and disturbed the peace of the -country. When this should be done, I declared to your ambassadors, -that I was willing, from my love to your person and attachment to your -kingdom, to make publicly known my future intentions, and that my -conduct should be such as would have the approbation of God and of your -majesty; but notwithstanding this, I have not yet had any satisfactory -answer to all my repeated solicitations for justice on the murderers of -my late regretted lord and father. - -‘We, therefore, most redoubted lord, again make our petitions that the -aforesaid criminals may be brought to that justice which is due to them -for the enormity of their offences; the principal having made a public -confession of his guilt in the presence of my lord of Acquitaine, who -presided, in your absence, at the meeting held at his request in the -hôtel de St Pol, and before a numerous body of the nobility, clergy -and others; and the traitor cannot deny that this his confession was -made before a competent judge, and in the presence of such witnesses as -the king of Sicily and my lord of Berry your uncle. - -‘He had before privately confessed to these two persons, that he had -committed the murder without any cause whatever, but through the -instigation of the enemy of mankind. This confession, according to -every law, ought to be to his prejudice, nor should he be suffered to -offer any excuse in extenuation of a crime thus publicly and privately -avowed; for he has condemned himself, and ought to have judgment passed -on him accordingly. - -‘It is very apparent, that such confession requires not any further -proceedings but the passing of that sentence which the enormity of the -crime deserves. Notwithstanding this, our much-regretted lady-mother -and ourselves have never been able, with all our exertions, to overcome -the premeditated delays to obstruct justice; for three years and a half -are elapsed since we first brought the matter before you, and we are -not one step more advanced to the attainment of judgment than we were -then. It is painful to consider what may be the consequence of this -wilful delay of justice to the welfare of your kingdom, and that the -most dangerous consequences may ensue, unless a speedy and decisive -remedy be applied. - -‘May it therefore please your grace to do your loyal duty, in executing -this act of justice, in obedience to God your Creator, to whom judgment -appertains, and from whom you hold your authority. Have regard also to -the good government of your realm, and exert yourself to put an end -to every obstacle in the way of a just punishment on the traitor. We -most earnestly supplicate you to comply with this our request as soon -as possible, for we are bounden to press you to it, to the utmost of -our powers, under pain of not being reputed the children of our late -lamented father, and of being disgraced, and unworthy of bearing his -name and arms, and of succeeding to his honours and estates: such -dishonour we will never endure, but would rather suffer death, as ought -to be the determination of every man of noble heart, of whatever rank -or estate he may be. - -‘We therefore entreat you, with all possible humility, that for this -purpose, and also in order to resist and oppose his wicked intention -to destroy us by any means whatsoever, it may please you, from your -benignant grace, to aid, assist and abet by your power, us to whom -God hath vouchsafed so great favour as to cause us to be born your -relations, even of your own kin, and your true nephews, children of -your only brother,--or, to speak more properly, assist your only -brother, who has fallen a martyr to the ambitious views of this -traitor. Most redoubted lord, there is no man so poor, who, having had -his brother murdered, will not prosecute the murderer to death, and -the more earnestly as the criminal displays greater obstinacy. This is -exemplified in the conduct of our traitor; for it is notorious, that he -has dared to write, and to declare to many respectable persons, that he -slew your brother, whom God pardon! our much-redoubted lord and father, -fairly and meritoriously. In answer to which, I Charles of Orleans say, -that he lies, and I at present decline to make a more ample reply,--for -it is very manifest, as I have before explained, that he is a liar, and -a false disloyal traitor, and that, through the grace of God, I am, and -ever will be without reproach, and a teller of truth. - -‘Since, therefore, such things cannot fail of being very prejudicial to -your realm and to the public welfare, we beseech you most humbly to do -us that justice which you are bounden to do, and to assist us by every -means in your power, that we may have full and ample reparation for the -wrongs done us and our family, and that this murder may be punished in -the manner it deserves. In acting thus, you will acquit yourself toward -God our Creator, and execute justice, of which you are the supreme -head, to whom we must have recourse after God. - -‘That you, our most redoubted lord, may be assured that the contents of -this letter are from our free will and knowledge, we, Charles, Philip -and John, your most humble children and nephews, have each of us signed -it with our own hands. Written at Gergeau, the 10th day of July, in the -year 1411.’ - -This letter was sent, by a herald of the duke of Orleans, to the king -at Paris, and was laid before the whole of the council, where different -opinions were held as to the contents. Some wished that the brothers -should have their requests complied with, and that the duke of Burgundy -should be summoned, that they might hear what he had to say in his -defence to the charges which they should make against him. But at -length the business was postponed, and the duke of Orleans could not -obtain any favourable answer; for the greater part of those who ruled -the king and the duke of Acquitaine were favourers of the duke of -Burgundy, to whom they shortly after sent a copy of the above letter. - -The duke of Burgundy, on reading it, was convinced that the family of -Orleans and their friends would very soon declare war against him; -and in consequence, he immediately began to make every preparation to -oppose them, by forming magazines of stores, and engaging a numerous -body of men at arms, in various parts of his possessions. - -The duke of Orleans and his brothers had not only written to the king -of France, and to the princes of the blood, but also to the principal -towns, making complaint against the duke of Burgundy, and requiring -their support. When they perceived that the king and his ministers did -not intend to answer their letter, they again wrote to the great towns, -giving them to understand, that if redress were not granted them in the -legal manner, as they had demanded it, they should seek other means of -obtaining it. - -It was now ordered by the king, the queen, and the duke of Berry, -and others of weight in the council, that measures should be adopted -for appeasing the quarrels of the dukes of Orleans and of Burgundy. -Ambassadors were sent to each of the parties, but without success, -principally because the duke of Burgundy would not condescend to make -any other reparation than what had passed at the treaty of Chartres; -and his pride was increased by having the king and the duke of -Acquitaine on his side. - -The Orleans-party were much discontented, but not dismayed; for many -very considerable lords were with them, and had promised them aid and -support against the duke of Burgundy to the utmost of their powers. The -queen, therefore, and the others employed to negotiate a peace between -the two factions, finding their attempts fruitless, gave it up, and on -a certain day made a report to the king of what they had done, and the -answers they had received from both parties. Shortly after, the duke -of Orleans and his faction resolved to make mortal war on the duke of -Burgundy and his allies, and sent him their challenges by a herald. - - - - -CHAP. XXVIII. - - THE DUKE OF ORLEANS AND HIS BROTHERS SEND A CHALLENGE TO THE - DUKE OF BURGUNDY, IN HIS TOWN OF DOUAY. - - -The following is the tenour of the challenge sent by the three brothers -of Orleans to the duke of Burgundy, in consequence of the murder of -their late father, the duke of Orleans. - -‘Charles, duke of Orleans and of Valois, count of Blois and of -Beaumont, and lord of Coucy, Philip count of Vertus, John count of -Angoulême, brothers,--to thee, John, who callest thyself duke of -Burgundy. - -‘For the very horrible murder by thee committed (in treacherously -waylaying by assassins) on the person of our most redoubted lord and -father, Louis duke of Orleans, only brother to my lord the king, our -sovereign and thine, in spite of all the divers oaths of brotherhood -and fellowship thou hadst sworn to him; and for the numberless -treacheries and disloyal acts that thou hast perpetrated, as well -against our sovereign lord the king as against ourselves, we thus -acquaint thee, that we shall make war upon and distress thee and thine -by every possible means in our power. - -‘And we appeal to God and justice against thy disloyalty and treason, -and call for the assistance of every worthy man in this world. In -testimony whereof, and to assure thee of its truth, we have subjoined -the seal of me Charles of Orleans to these presents. Given at Gergeau, -the 18th day of July.’ - -The above letter was delivered to the duke of Burgundy by a herald -in his town of Douay, who, having considered its contents, wrote the -following answer, which he sent by one of his heralds at arms to the -aforesaid brothers. - - - - -CHAP. XXIX. - - THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY SENDS AN ANSWER TO THE CHALLENGE OF THE - DUKE OF ORLEANS AND HIS BROTHERS. - - -‘John duke of Burgundy, count of Artois, of Flanders, palatine of -Burgundy, lord of Salines and of Malines,--to thee Charles, who stylest -thyself duke of Orleans and Valois,--and to thee Philip, who signest -thyself count of Vertus,--and to thee John, who callest thyself count -of Angoulême, who have lately sent me your letters of defiance. - -‘We make known to you, and to all the world, that to put an end to the -abominable treasons and mischiefs that were daily plotted in various -ways, against the person of our sovereign lord and king, and against -all his royal offspring, by Louis your father, and to prevent your -false and disloyal father from succeeding in his abominable designs -against the person of our and his most redoubted lord and sovereign, -which were become so notorious that no honest man ought to have -suffered him to live, more especially we who are cousin-german to -our lord the king, dean of the peerage, and twice a peer[69], felt it -incumbent on us not to permit such a person longer to exist on the -earth, and, by putting an end to his life, have done pleasure to God, -and a most loyal service to our sovereign lord, in destroying a vile -and disloyal traitor. - -‘And since thou and thy brothers are following the detestable traces -and felony of your said father, thinking to succeed in the aforesaid -damnable attempts, we have received your challenge with great gladness -of heart. But in regard to the charges therein made against us, we -declare ye have falsely and wickedly lied, like disloyal traitors as -ye are; and with the assistance of our sovereign, who is perfectly -well acquainted and satisfied with our loyalty and honour, and for the -welfare of his people, we will inflict that punishment on you as such -abandoned traitors and wicked rebels are deserving of. In witness of -which, we have had this letter sealed with our seal. Given at our town -of Douay, the 14th day of August, in the year 1411.’ - -This answer, as I have before said, was carried by one of the duke of -Burgundy’s officers at arms to Blois, and there delivered to the duke -of Orleans and his brothers, who were very indignant at the expressions -contained therein. He nevertheless entertained the bearer well, and, -having maturely considered the matter, exerted himself to the utmost in -collecting men at arms to wage war on the duke of Burgundy. - - - - -CHAP. XXX. - - THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY IS DISCONTENTED WITH SIR MANSART DU - BOS.--HE SENDS LETTERS TO REQUIRE THE ASSISTANCE OF THE DUKE OF - BOURBON. - - -When the duke of Burgundy was convinced that he could not avoid war -with the family of Orleans and their adherents, for several of them had -challenged him by letters and otherwise, he vigorously applied himself -to collect forces to resist them. Among those who had sent him letters -of defiance, he was more displeased with sir Mansart du Bos, a knight -of Picardy, than with any of the rest; but of him, and his end, more -shall be said hereafter. - -He wrote a letter to the duke of Bourbon, which he sent by Flanders -king at arms, the contents of which were as follow: - -‘Very dear and well-beloved cousin, duke of Bourbon and count of -Clermont,--John duke of Burgundy, count of Artois, Flanders and -Burgundy, hopes he remains well in your good memory. In the year 1405, -you and he formed certain alliances, which, three years ago, were, -at your request, renewed and again sworn to, in the presence of many -knights and of other persons well deserving credit. In consequence, you -were to remain my good and true friend during your life, to promote to -the utmost my welfare and honour, and to ward off any evil from me, as -a sincere relation is bound to do; and likewise, whenever any thing -should affect my own honour, or that of my friends, you were bound -to assist them or me, to the utmost of your abilities, in council or -in arms, and to aid me with money and vassals against all the world, -excepting only the persons of my lord the king and of my lord of -Acquitaine, or whoever may succeed to the throne of France, and of my -late fair cousin, the duke of Bourbon, your father. - -‘Should it have happened that a war took place between me and any -enemy, whose side the late duke of Bourbon embraced, in that case you -might have joined your late father, but only during the course of -his life, without any way derogating from the articles of our said -alliance. Now, as we both have most solemnly sworn to the observance -of this alliance on the holy evangelists of God, and on sacred relics -touched by us, to the damnation of our souls in case of failure, I -inform you, very dear and well-beloved cousin, that Charles, who calls -himself duke of Orleans, in conjunction with Philip and John, his -brothers, have sent me a challenge, and intend to wage war on me to the -utmost of their power; but I hope, through the will of God, and the -assistance of my friends and allies, in council and in arms, and with -the aid of my subjects and vassals, to make a successful defence of my -honour against their attempts. - -‘And since, very dear and well-beloved cousin, you have so solemnly -bound yourself to assist me on every lawful occasion, I now, -therefore, in virtue of this alliance, require and summon you to come -personally to my aid, attended by as many of your friends and men -at arms as you can collect, in opposition to the aforesaid Charles, -Philip and John, and thus honourably acquit yourself of your oaths and -promises,--knowing, at the same time, that on a similar occasion I -would accomplish every article of my oaths, without any fraud whatever. -And this I hope you will do.--Have the goodness to write to me by the -return of the bearer, to inform me of your pleasure and intentions, as -the necessity of the case requires it. - -‘Given at my town of Douay, and sealed with my great seal appendant to -these presents, the 14th day of August, in the year 1411.’ - -This letter was delivered by the aforesaid herald to the duke of -Bourbon, who, having fully read and considered its contents, replied -to the herald, that he would speedily send his answer to the duke of -Burgundy. This he did; for in a few days he returned the articles of -confederation, which he had formed with the duke of Burgundy, declaring -them annulled, and strictly united himself to the duke of Orleans and -his brothers, to the great displeasure of the duke of Burgundy, but -who at that time could not redress it. - - - - -CHAP. XXXI. - - A ROYAL PROCLAMATION IS ISSUED, THAT NO PERSON WHATEVER BEAR - ARMS FOR EITHER OF THE PARTIES OF THE DUKES OF ORLEANS OR OF - BURGUNDY.--THE LATTER WRITES TO THE BAILIFF OF AMIENS. - - -The duke of Burgundy, fearful that many of his friends would desert -him, in obedience of the royal proclamation which had been made in -every town and bailiwick through France, strictly commanding all -persons whatever not to interfere, or in any manner to assist the -dukes of Orleans and Burgundy in their quarrels with each other, wrote -letters to the bailiff of Amiens, to his lieutenant, and the mayor and -sheriffs of that place, and to each of them, the contents of which were -as follows: - -‘Very dear and well-beloved,--we have heard from several of the -declaration of my lord the king, by which you are forbidden, as well -as all his other subjects, to arm in our defence, or in that of our -adversaries. This proclamation has been issued by our lord the king, -because he was very desirous of establishing peace and concord between -us and our enemies; and for this purpose he had many times sent his -ambassadors as well to them as to us, to which we have alway replied -like a true and loyal subject and servant; and, through God’s mercy, -all our answers have tended to a good end, and to peace and union, -which has made them perfectly agreeable to our lord the king. But our -adversaries having persisted in the same damnable and wicked purposes, -which they have ever followed against the peace of my lord the king, -his noble family, and the public welfare, by continuing to tread in -the footsteps of their father, who, for a long time, persevered in -his intentions of destroying my lord the king and his family, have -acted quite contrariwise, and sent answers full of dissimulation and -treachery, with the sole design of gaining time. - -‘Whilst our much-redoubted lady the queen of France, our very dear -lord and uncle the duke of Berry, and our very dear brother the duke -of Brittany, were endeavouring, according to the king’s orders, to -negotiate a peace between us and our adversaries, these false and -disloyal traitors, and disobedient subjects, Charles, who calls himself -duke of Orleans, and his brothers, sent to us their challenges, and, -before that time, have often scandalously, and in violation of their -oaths, defamed our person and character as they had before done. This, -however, under God’s pleasure, will fail in having any effect, for he -who knows all hearts is acquainted with the steady love and attachment -we bear, and shall bear so long as we live, to our lord the king and -to his family, and to the welfare of his kingdom; and we shall ever -support the same with all the worldly possessions and powers that God -has bestowed upon us. - -‘With these views we have done and commanded such acts as have been -done, without paying regard to the scandalous defamations that have -been thrown out against us, or any way fearing a diminution of honour -by such false, wicked, and disobedient traitors to our lord the king, -as the aforesaid Charles and his brothers, the issue of that infamous -traitor, their father, so notorious throughout the realm. - -‘In truth, we hold it not to have been the intention of our lord the -king to prevent any of our relatives, friends, allies, subjects, and -well-inclined vassals, from joining us, in the defence of our honour, -against our enemies, and to defend our countries from invasion. - -‘We therefore entreat of you, and require most affectionately, that -you will please to allow such as may be inclined to serve us, who live -within your bailiwick, and all others of our friends who may travel -through it, to pass freely without any molestation whatever; for you -may be assured, that what we shall do will be for the welfare and -security of my lord the king, his family, and the whole kingdom, to the -confusion of all disloyal traitors. - -‘Should there be any thing that we could do to give you pleasure, -you have but to signify it to us, and we will do it with our whole -heart.--Very dear and good friends, may the Holy Spirit have you under -his care! Written in our town of Douay, the 13th day of August.’ - -These letters were very agreeable to Ferry de Hangest, then bailiff of -Amiens, and to the others to whom they had been addressed, for they -were well inclined to favour the duke of Burgundy. - - - - -CHAP. XXXII. - - THE PARISIANS TAKE UP ARMS AGAINST THE ARMAGNACS.--A CIVIL WAR - BREAKS OUT IN SEVERAL PARTS OF FRANCE. - - -At this time the king of France, who had for a considerable time -enjoyed good health, relapsed into his former disorder; on which -account, and by reason of the discontents that prevailed throughout -the kingdom, (the seat of government had been transferred to Melon,) -the butchers of Paris, who have greater power and privileges than any -other trade, suspecting that the government of the realm, through -the intrigues of the queen and the provost of merchants, named -Charles Cudane, would be given to the dukes of Berry and Brittany, in -preference to the duke of Acquitaine, the king’s eldest son, waited -upon the latter, and exhorted him, notwithstanding his youth, to assume -the government for the good of the king and kingdom, promising him -their most loyal aid until death. The duke of Acquitaine inclined to -their request, and granted them their wishes. - -This done, they ordered it to be proclaimed by sound of trumpet in all -the squares of Paris, that the provost of merchants, and others in -Paris, who were numerous, and whom they suspected of being favourable -to the dukes of Berry, Bourbon, and Brittany, and to their parties, -must quit the town before a fixed day, under pain of suffering death. -In consequence of this proclamation, twelve persons, men and women, -without including the domestics of the above lords, left Paris; and -shortly after, the duke of Brittany, hearing of these commotions, took -leave of the queen at Melun and retired into his duchy. - -The butchers, and those who lived near the market-places, with the -greater part of the Parisians, were strong partisans of the duke of -Burgundy, and very desirous that only he, or those that were of his -party, should govern the kingdom; and, to say the truth, it was now -become dangerous for the nobility, of whatever party they might be, to -dwell in Paris, for the common people had great sway in its government. - -In the mean time, the duke of Orleans and his allies were strengthening -themselves, by every means in their power, with men at arms. The duke -of Bourbon and the count d’Alençon came in these days with a numerous -body before the town of Roye in the Vermandois, which belongs to the -king of France, and entered it about mid-day, more through fraud than -by force of arms, for the townsmen did not suspect any warfare. When -they had dined, they sent for the principal inhabitants, and ordered -them, whether it were pleasing to them or otherwise, to receive a -garrison from them. They then rode to Nesle, in the Vermandois, -belonging to the count de Dammartin, wherein they also placed a -garrison. - -Thence they dispatched sir Clugnet de Brabant, who had joined them, sir -Manessier Guieret, and other captains well attended, to the town of -Ham in the Vermandois, belonging to the duke of Orleans: they returned -by Chauni sur Oise, where they also left a garrison, and in many other -places, as well belonging to themselves as to others attached to their -party. - -The duke of Bourbon, on his arrival from this expedition at his town -of Clermont, strengthened it, and all his other towns in that country, -with fortifications. When the garrisons had been properly posted, -the war suddenly broke out between the two parties of Armagnacs and -Burgundians. - -The duke of Burgundy had not been idle in fortifying his towns with -garrisons, and in collecting men at arms to resist his adversaries: he -himself was in Flanders making preparations to march an army to offer -them battle. The army of the Armagnacs had already made incursions into -Artois, and had done much mischief to friend and foe, by carrying off -prisoners and great plunder to the garrisons whence they had come. The -Burgundians were not slow in making reprisals, and frequently invaded -the county of Clermont and other parts. - -When by chance the two parties met, the one shouted ‘Orleans!’ and -the other ‘Burgundy!’ and thus from this accursed war, carried on in -different parts, the country suffered great tribulation. - -The duke of Burgundy, however, had the king on his side, and those also -who governed him: he resided in his hôtel of St Pol in Paris, and the -greater part of its inhabitants were likewise attached to the duke of -Burgundy. - -At that time, the governors of Paris were Waleran count de St Pol and -John of Luxembourg[70], his nephew, who was very young, Enguerrand -de Bournouville, and other captains. They frequently made sallies, -well accompanied by men at arms, on the Armagnacs, who at times even -advanced to the gates of Paris. They were particularly careful in -guarding the person of the king, to prevent him from being seduced by -the Orleans-party, and carried out of the town. - - - - -CHAP. XXXIII. - - SIR CLUGNET DE BRABANT IS NEAR TAKING RETHEL.--HE OVERRUNS THE - COUNTRY OF BURGUNDY.--OTHER TRIBULATIONS ARE NOTICED. - - -Sir Clugnet de Brabant, who always styled himself admiral of France, -one day assembled two thousand combatants, or thereabout, whom he -marched as speedily as he could from their different garrisons, to the -country of the Rethelois, having with them scaling ladders and other -warlike machines. They arrived at the ditches of the town of Rethel -about sun-rise, and instantly made a very sharp assault, thinking to -surprise the garrison and plunder the town. The inhabitants, however, -had received timely notice of their intentions, and had prepared -themselves for resistance as speedily as they could.--Nevertheless, -the assault lasted a considerable time with much vigour on both sides, -insomuch that many were killed and wounded of each party. - -Among the latter was sir Clugnet de Brabant, who, judging from the -defence which was made, that he could not gain the place, ordered -the retreat to be sounded; and his men marched into the plain, -carrying with them the dead and wounded. He then divided them into two -companies; the one of which marched through the country of the Laonnois -to Coucy and Chauni, plundering what they could lay hands on, and -making all prisoners whom they met on their retreat. - -The other company marched through part of the empire, by the county of -Guise, passing through the Cambresis, and driving before them, like -the others, all they could find, especially great numbers of cattle, -and thus returned to the town of Ham sur Somme and to their different -garrisons. - -When they had reposed themselves for eight days, they again took the -field with six thousand combatants, and marched for the county of -Artois. They came before the town of Bapaume, belonging to the duke of -Burgundy, and, on their arrival, won the barriers, and advanced to the -gates, where there was a severe skirmish. But the lord de Heilly, sir -Hugh de Busse, the lord d’Ancuelles and other valiant men at arms, who -had been stationed there by the duke of Burgundy, made a sally, and -drove them beyond the barriers,--when many gallant deeds were done, -and several killed and wounded on both sides; but the Burgundians were -forced to retire within the town, for their enemies were too numerous -for them to attempt any effectual resistance. The Orleans-party now -retreated, and collected much plunder in the adjacent country, which -they carried with them to their town of Ham. - -During this time, sir James de Chastillon[71], and the other -ambassadors from the king of France, negotiated a truce at Leulinghen, -in the Boulonois, with the english ambassadors, to last for one year on -sea and land. - -While these things were passing, the duke of Berry came with the queen -of France from Melun to Corbeil, and thence sent Louis of Bavaria to -the duke of Acquitaine in Paris, and to those who governed the king, -and also to the butchers, to request that they would be pleased to -allow him to attend the queen to Paris, and to reside in his hôtel of -Neele, near to the king his nephew, since he was determined no way to -interfere in the war between the dukes of Orleans and Burgundy. - -But his request was refused, chiefly owing to the butchers of Paris, -and others of the commonalty, who had great weight; and that he might -give over all thoughts of coming, they broke every door and window of -his hôtel de Neele, and committed other great damages. They sent back -the queen’s brother with a message to her, to come and reside with her -lord at Paris, without delay, but not to bring the duke of Berry with -her. - -The Parisians, fearful that the king and the duke of Acquitaine might -be carried off from the hôtel of St Pol, made them reside at the -Louvre, where they kept constant guard day and night, to prevent any -attempts of the Orleans-party to carry them away. - -The queen, on receiving the message by her brother from the Parisians, -and suspecting the consequences of their commotions, set out from -Corbeil, and returned to Melun with him and the duke of Berry. A few -days after, the Parisians took up arms, marched in a large body to -Corbeil, took the town, and placed a garrison therein. They then broke -down all the bridges over the Seine, between Charenton and Melun, that -the Armagnacs might not pass the river and enter the island of France. - -While the queen and the duke of Berry were at Melun, with the count -Waleran de St Pol, whom the marshal Boucicaut had sent thither, the -master of the cross-bows and the grand master of the household came to -them with few attendants. The duke of Bourbon and the count d’Alençon, -on their road from the Vermandois and Beauvoisis, to join the duke of -Orleans, who was assembling his troops in the Gâtinois, called on the -queen and the duke of Berry, to require their aid and support against -the duke of Burgundy, which was not granted,--because the king in -full council, presided by the duke of Acquitaine, had just published -an edict in very strong terms, and had caused it to be sent to all the -bailiwicks and seneschalships of the kingdom, ordering all nobles, and -others that were accustomed to bear arms, to make themselves ready to -serve the king, in company with John duke of Burgundy, and to aid him -in driving out of his realm all traitorous and disobedient subjects, -commanding them to obey the duke of Burgundy the same as himself, -and ordering all towns and passes to be opened to him, and to supply -him with every necessary provision and store, the same as if he were -there in person. On this proclamation being issued, very many made -preparations to serve under the duke of Burgundy with all diligence. -In addition, the duke of Acquitaine wrote the duke letters in his own -hand, by which he ordered all the men at arms dependant on the crown to -serve personally against his cousin-german, the duke of Orleans, and -his allies, who, as he said, were wasting the kingdom in many different -parts, desiring him to advance as speedily as he could toward Senlis -and the island of France. - - - - -CHAP. XXXIV. - - THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY ASSEMBLES A LARGE ARMY TO LAY SIEGE TO THE - TOWN OF HAM, AND LEADS THITHER HIS FLEMINGS. - - -The duke of Burgundy, being now assured that the duke of Orleans and -his allies were raising a large force to invade his countries, and that -they had already placed garrisons in towns and fortresses belonging -to him or his allies, whence they had made frequent inroads to the -despoiling of his country, was highly discontented. To oppose them, he -had sent his summons to all his territories in Burgundy, Artois and -Flanders, and elsewhere, for all nobles, and others accustomed to bear -arms in his behalf, to prepare themselves to join him with all speed, -well accoutred and armed, in obedience to the king’s commands, and to -oppose his and the king’s enemies. - -He also solicited the assistance of his good towns in Flanders, and -requested that they would powerfully exert themselves in his favour, -to which they readily and liberally assented. They raised a body of -forty or fifty thousand combatants, well armed and provided with -staves according to the custom of the country. They had twelve thousand -carriages, as well carts as cars, to convey their armour, baggage and -artillery, and a number of very large cross-bows, called ribaudequins, -placed on two wheels, each having a horse to draw it. They had also -machines for the attack of towns, behind which were long iron spits, to -be used toward the close of a battle,--and on each of them was mounted -one or two pieces of artillery. - -The duke of Burgundy had also summoned to his assistance the duke of -Brabant, his brother, who attended him with a handsome company; as -did likewise a valiant english knight, named sir William Baldock, -lieutenant of Calais, with about three hundred english combatants. - -Their places of rendezvous were at the towns of Douay and Arras, and -the adjacent country. The duke of Burgundy, on quitting Douay with his -brother of Brabant and great multitudes of men of rank, advanced to -Sluys, belonging to the count de la Marche, where he lodged. On the -morrow, the first day of September, he marched away early, and fixed -his quarters on the plain near to Marcouin, where he had his tents -and pavilions pitched, and waited there two days for the arrival of -his whole army, and particularly for his Flemings, who came in grand -parade, and drew up to their quarters in handsome array.--So numerous -were their tents that their encampments looked like large towns; and -in truth, when all were assembled, they amounted to sixty thousand -fighting men, without including the varlets, and such like, who were -numberless,--and the whole country resounded with the noises they made. - -With regard to the Flemings, they thought that no towns or fortresses -could withstand them; and the duke of Burgundy was obliged, on their -setting off, to abandon to them whatever they might conquer; and when -they went from one quarter to another, they were commonly all fully -armed, and in companies, according to the different towns and the -custom of Flanders,--and even when they marched on foot, the greater -part wore leg-armour. - -As to their mode of marching through a country, whatever they could -lay hands on was seized, and, if portable, thrown into their carts; -and they were so proud, on account of their great numbers, that they -paid not any attention to noble men, however high their rank; and when -the army was to be quartered, or when they were on a foraging party, -they rudely drove away other men at arms, especially if they were not -their countrymen, taking from them whatever provision they might have -collected, or any thing else that pleased them. This conduct created -great disturbances and quarrels, more especially among the Picards, who -would not patiently endure their rudeness, insomuch that the duke of -Burgundy and his captains had great difficulty in keeping any kind of -peace between them. - -The duke, after waiting some days for the whole of his army, saw it -arrive; and then he marched off triumphantly, and in handsome array, -and fixed his quarters on the river Scheldt, near to the town of -Marcouin. - -On the morrow, he advanced to Mouchi la Garhe, between Peronne and Ham, -and halted there. At this place, a Fleming was hanged for stealing a -chalice and other valuables from a church. He thence marched toward the -town of Ham sur Somme, where his enemies were. - -On his approach to the town of Athies, belonging to the count de -Dammartin, one of his adversaries, the inhabitants were so terrified -that they came out in a body to present him with the keys of the gates, -on the condition of being secured from pillage. The duke liberally -granted their request, seeing they had thus humbled themselves before -him of their own free will, and gave them a sufficient force to guard -their town from being any way molested.----The duke then advanced with -his army near to Ham, but sent forward some of his best light troops -to observe the countenance of the enemy. The Orleans-party sallied -out against them, and a sharp skirmish took place; but they were -compelled, by the superior number of the Burgundians, to retire within -the town. The next day he marched his whole army before the place in -battle-array, and had his tents pitched on an eminence in front of one -of the gates, and about the distance of a cannon shot. The Flemings -were likewise encamped according to the orders of their marshals -and leaders, during which the garrison made some sallies, but were -repulsed, in spite of their valour, by superior numbers, and many were -killed and wounded on each side. - -When the duke had surrounded this town on one side only, he ordered -battering machines to be placed against the gate and wall, to demolish -them; and the Flemings pointed their ribaudequins, and shot from them -so continually, day and night, that the enemy were greatly annoyed. -Breaches were made in the wall and gate within a few days; but though -the garrison was much harrassed, they repaired both in the best manner -they could, with wood and dung. - -At length, the besiegers fixed on a day for a general attack on the -gate, intending to force an entry: the engagement continued very sharp -for three hours, but the garrison defended themselves so valiantly, -wounding and slaying so many of the assailants, that they were forced -to retreat. This happened on a Thursday; and on the Friday, the duke -of Burgundy, I know not for what reason, had it proclaimed that no -one should, on any account, make an assault on the town, but that all -should labour in forming bridges over the Somme, that a passage might -be obtained for the army, and that the place might be besieged on all -sides,--but events turned out very far from his expectations. - -On the Friday morning, the besieged were expecting that the attack -would be renewed; but hearing of the duke’s intentions to cross the -river with his army and surround the town, they packed up all their -valuables and fled, leaving within the walls only poor people and -peasants, who had retired thither for safety. Those persons not having -ability or inclination to defend themselves, the duke’s army, headed -by the Picards, entered the place without any danger. The Flemings, -observing this, rushed so impetuously to gain admittance that many -were squeezed to death. When they had entered, they instantly began to -plunder all they could lay hands on, according to the liberty which -their lord the duke had granted them; for, as I have said, he had been -necessitated so to do before they would march from home. Part placed -themselves on one side of the street, leading to the gate which they -had entered, and part on the other; and when the Picards, or others -not of their country, were returning, they stopped and robbed them of -all they had: they spared no man, noble or otherwise; and in this riot -several were killed and wounded. - -They entered a monastery of the town, and took away all they could -find, and carried to their tents many of both sexes, and children; -and, on the morrow, having seized all they had, they set fire to -several parts of the town,--and, to conclude all, the churches and -houses, with many of the inhabitants, were burnt, as well as a great -quantity of cattle that had been driven thither as to a place of -security. - -Notwithstanding this cruel conduct of the Flemings, six or seven of the -monks escaped from the monastery, by the assistance of some noblemen, -particularly the prior, who most reverently held in his hands a cross, -and were conducted to the tents of the duke of Burgundy, where they -were in safety. - -Such was the conduct of the Flemings at the commencement of this war. -There were many towns beyond the Somme that belonged to the duke of -Orleans and his allies, who, hearing of what had passed at Ham, were, -as it may be readily believed, in the utmost fear and alarm; and there -were few people desirous of waiting their coming, lest they should be -besieged in some fortress, and suffer a similar fate,--for sir Clugnet -de Brabant and sir Manessier Guieret, as I have said, had already -abandoned Ham, which was well supplied with stores and provision, and -had retreated to Chauni and to Coucy. - -The inhabitants of the town of Neelle, belonging to the count de -Dammartin, seeing the smoke of Ham, were greatly perplexed, for their -garrison had fled; but they, following the example of the town of -Athies, waited on the duke of Burgundy, and, with many lamentations, -presented him with the keys of their town, offering to submit -themselves to his mercy. The duke received them into favour, in the -name of the king and his own, on their swearing not to admit any -garrison, and to be in future true and loyal subjects to the king, -their sovereign lord. - -This oath they willingly took; and, having thanked the duke for his -mercy, they returned to their town, and by his orders demolished some -of their gates and many parts of their walls. They also made their -magistrates and principal inhabitants swear to the observance of the -treaty which they had made, and for this time they remained in peace. - -In like manner, those of the town of Roye, that were but lately become -subjects to the king, sent deputies to the duke, at his camp before -Ham, to say, that the Orleans party had treacherously entered their -town, and had done them much mischief, but that they had departed on -hearing of his march, and requesting he would not be displeased with -them, as they were ready to receive him, and act according to his -pleasure. The duke told them, he should be satisfied if they would -promise, on their oaths, never to admit again within their walls any of -his adversaries of the Orleans-party. Having obtained this answer, they -returned joyous to their town. - -The duke now passed the Somme with his army at Ham, leaving that town -completely ruined, and marched toward Chauni on the Oise, belonging to -the duke of Orleans; but the garrison, hearing of it, quitted the place -in haste. The townsmen, greatly alarmed, sent, without delay, to offer -him their keys, and humbly supplicated his mercy, saying that their -lord’s men at arms had fled on hearing of his approach, from the fear -they had of him. The duke received them kindly, and took their oaths, -that they would henceforth loyally obey the king their sovereign lord, -and himself, and would admit a garrison of his men to defend the town. - -After the conclusion of this treaty, the duke advanced to Roye, in the -Vermandois, and was lodged in the town, having quartered his army -in the country round it. He dispatched thence sir Peter des Essars, -knight, and his confidential adviser, to the king of France, to his -son-in-law the duke of Acquitaine, and to the citizens of Paris, to -make them acquainted with the strength of his army, and with his -successes. Sir Peter des Essars was honourably received by the duke -of Acquitaine and the Parisians; and in compliment to the duke of -Burgundy, he was reinstated in his office of provost, in the room of -sir Brunelet de Sainct Cler, who, by the royal authority, was appointed -bailiff of Senlis, on the dismission of sir Gastelius du Bost, who was -suspected of being a favourer of the Orleans-party. - -When sir Peter des Essars had finished the business he had been sent -on to Paris, he set out for Rethel to announce to the count de Nevers, -who had assembled a considerable force, the march of the duke, and to -desire him to advance to the town of Mondidier, where he would have -more certain intelligence of his brother. The count de Nevers, on -hearing this, used all diligence to assemble his men, and set off to -join the duke. - -During these transactions, the duke of Orleans, the count d’Armagnac, -the constable of France, the master of the cross-bows, with a large -body of men at arms and others, came to the town of Melun, where the -queen of France and the duke of Berry resided. Having held a conference -with the queen and duke, they advanced to La Fertè on the Marne, which -belonged to sir Robert de Bar[72], in right of his wife the viscountess -de Meaux. They crossed the Marne, and came to Arsy en Mussien, in the -county of Valois, dependant on the duke of Orleans, where his brother, -the count de Vertus, met him. - -The count was accompanied by a numerous body of combatants, among whom -were the duke of Bourbon, John son to the duke of Bar, sir William de -Coucy, Amé de Sallebruche, sir Hugh de Hufalize, with others from the -Ardennes, Lorraine and Germany, who, in the whole, amounted to full six -thousand knights and esquires, not including armed infantry and bowmen; -and this party was henceforward popularly called _Armagnacs_, as I have -before observed. Each bore on his armour badges similar to those which -they had formerly worn when they lay before Paris. - -The duke of Orleans marched this army from the Valois, passing by -Senlis, toward his county of Beaumont; but Enguerrand de Bournouville, -who had been posted in Senlis with a large force of men at arms to -guard it, sallied out on their rear, and made a good booty of their -baggage as well as prisoners. In doing this, however, he lost some of -his men, who were slain or taken, and he then returned to Senlis. The -duke of Orleans, with the other princes, were lodged in the castle of -Beaumont, and his army in the country surrounding it. - -The count de Nevers was prevented from joining his brothers as he -intended,--for the Armagnacs, being the strongest, constrained him to -conduct his army to Paris. - -The duke of Burgundy was already arrived at Mondidier with his whole -army, and was making preparations to combat his enemies, should they -be so inclined, or to attack any town to which they should retire, -according to his pleasure. But the Flemings were now desirous to return -home, and had demanded permission of the duke, saying, that they had -served the time required of them on their departure from Flanders. - -The duke was much surprised and displeased at their conduct, but -earnestly desired that they would stay with him for only eight days -longer, as he had received intelligence that his enemies were near at -hand, with a great army, ready to offer him battle, and that they could -never serve him more effectually. At this moment, the greater part of -their officers waited on the duke to take leave of him, who, hearing -the earnest and affectionate manner in which he made so trifling a -request, resolved to go back to their men and inform them of it, and -promised to do every thing in their power in order that it should be -complied with. - -On their return to the tent of Ghent, where all their councils were -held, they assembled the leaders of the commonalty, and told them the -request the duke their lord had made, namely, that they would stay with -him only eight days more, for that his adversaries were at hand with -a large army to offer him battle. This request having been stated, -various were the opinions of the meeting: some were for staying, others -not, saying they had fulfilled the term required of them by their -lord,--that winter was approaching, when, so numerous as they were, -they could not keep the field without great danger. Their opinions -were so discordant that no conclusion could be formed, to enable their -captains to give any positive answer to the duke. - -This council was held the 20th day of September, in the afternoon; -and when it became dusk, these Flemings made very large fires in -different places, of the wood and timber of the houses which they -had pulled down and destroyed in Mondidier. They then began to load -their baggage-waggons, and to arm themselves; and at midnight they all -shouted from their quarters, in Flemish, _Vax, vax!_ which signifies, -‘To arms, to arms!’ and alarmed all the other parts of the army. - -The duke of Burgundy was entirely ignorant of what they intended to do, -and sent some flemish lords to know their intentions; but they would -not explain themselves to any one, and made answers contrary to the -questions asked. During this, the night passed away; and the moment day -appeared, they harnessed their horses to the baggage-waggons, and set -fire to all their lodgings, shouting, ‘Gau, gau!’ and departed, taking -the road to Flanders. - -The attendants of the duke of Burgundy, hearing this cry and clamour, -went to inform him of it in his tent. Very much astonished thereat, he -instantly mounted his horse, and, accompanied by the duke of Brabant, -rode after them. When he had overtaken them, with his head uncovered -and his hands uplifted, he most humbly besought them to return, -and stay with him four days only, calling them his most trusty and -well-beloved friends and companions, offering them great gifts, and -promising to relieve the country of Flanders from taxes for ever, if -they would comply with his wishes. - -The duke of Brabant also remonstrated with them on the advantages -offered them by their lord, and, as he asked in return so very trifling -a favour, entreated them to pay due deference to his demand. But it was -in vain: they turned a deaf ear to all that was said, and continued -their march, only showing the written agreements they had made with -the duke, which were carried before them, and which they had fulfilled -on their part; but, as they were signed with his seal, he had not -performed his, in having them escorted beyond the river Somme to a -place of safety. Should he refuse to do this, they would send him his -only son, then at Ghent, cut into thousands of pieces. - -The duke of Burgundy, noticing their rude manners, and perceiving that -nothing was to be gained from them by fair means, began to appease them -by ordering the trumpets to sound for decamping. This was not done -without much loss,--for the duke, occupied solely with the attempt to -make the Flemings change their minds, had not ordered the tents to be -struck, nor the baggage loaded, so that the greater part of the tents -were burnt, with other things, from the fire of the houses caused -by the Flemings on their departure. The flames spread from house to -house, to the lodgings of the duke of Burgundy, who was troubled to the -heart,--for he well knew that his adversaries were in high spirits, a -short day’s march off, and he was anxious to give them battle; but from -this conduct of the Flemings his intentions would be frustrated,--and -what was worse, he knew for certain, that the moment they should hear -of it, they would publish that he had retreated, not daring to meet -them. He was, nevertheless, forced to submit to events which he could -not foresee nor prevent. - -The Flemings had no sooner turned their faces homeward but they -advanced more in one day than in three before, and whatever they could -lay hands on was pillaged and thrown into their baggage-carts: they -had, moreover, many quarrels with the Picards and English, and it often -happened that stragglers were wounded or put to death,--and when they -were superior in numbers, they failed not to retaliate. - -It must be remembered, that this retreat took place in the month of -September, when the grapes in the vineyards were ripe; and they robbed -every vineyard they passed, devouring so many that numbers were found -dead among the vines. On the other hand, they fed their horses and -cattle so very abundantly on the immense pillage which they every where -made, that very many were bursten. - -The duke of Burgundy, on his arrival at Peronne with his men at arms, -went personally to thank the Flemings, who were encamped on the river -side, in the most humble manner for their services, and then had them -escorted by his brother, the duke of Brabant, to Flanders, when every -man returned to his home. The magistrates of the great towns were, -however, very much displeased when they heard of their behaviour; but -they did not at the time notice it, for there were too many of them -under arms. - -Thus did the Flemings retreat from Mondidier contrary to the will of -their lord, the duke of Burgundy. On the same day, a knight of the -party of the duke of Orleans, called sir Peter de Quesnes, lord of -Garois, at the head of full two hundred combatants, made an attack -on Mondidier, about four hours after they had marched away. He found -there many people, especially merchants, and inhabitants of the -neighbourhood, whom he took prisoners: he slew many, and he and his men -made a very great booty. - -He then returned to Clermont in Beauvoisis, whither the Armagnacs had -marched in pursuit of the count de Nevers. When they heard of this -retreat of the duke of Burgundy and the Flemings, they held a council -whether or not they should follow them into their own country. It -was at length determined by the wisest to return toward Paris, and -attempt to gain admittance by means of some connexions they had there, -principally in order to have possession of the person of the king, -which was their grand object. - -They began their march, in consequence, towards Verberies, and crossed -the river Oise by a new bridge, which they erected, and thence advanced -for Paris. Those who had the guard of the king and the Parisians -were not well pleased to hear of their being so near, and made every -preparation to oppose their entrance to Paris. The Armagnacs, finding -it impossible to succeed, managed so well with the inhabitants of St -Denis that they were there admitted; and the princes lodged in the -town, and the army in the adjacent fields and villages. From that -situation, they made a sharp war on the town of Paris, and on all those -who sided with the king and the duke of Burgundy. - -They advanced daily from different parts to the very gates of -Paris,--when sallies were made against them, particularly by sir -Enguerrand de Bournouville, who was one of the chiefs of the garrison -under the count Waleran de St Pol, the governor of the town. Severe -skirmishes often took place, and many gallant deeds were done by the -men at arms of both sides. - - - - -CHAP. XXXV. - - THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY ASSEMBLES ANOTHER ARMY TO MARCH TO - PARIS.--EVENTS THAT HAPPENED DURING THAT TIME. - - -We will now return to the duke of Burgundy, who having, as I have said, -dismissed his Flemings, under the escort of his brother the duke of -Brabant, went from Peronne to Arras, where he met the earls of Pembroke -and of Arundel, and sir William Baldock, who had accompanied him on his -late expedition. As these earls were lately come from England, he paid -them every respect, in compliment to the king of England who had sent -them. They had brought full twelve hundred combatants, as well horse as -foot, all men of courage. - -Much intercourse took place at this time between the king of England -and the duke of Burgundy, respecting a marriage between Henry prince of -Wales and one of the duke’s daughters[73].--After he had magnificently -feasted these english captains in his town of Arras, and made them -handsome presents, he ordered them to march to Peronne, and hastily -summoned men at arms from all quarters to meet him personally at -Peronne, where he had commanded the nobles of his estates to assemble. - -The duke of Brabant did not meet him this time, being detained in the -county of Luxembourg by affairs on behalf of his wife. The duke of -Burgundy left Peronne with no more than six thousand combatants, and -marched to Roye,--thence, by Breteuil, to Beauvais, and from Beauvais, -through Gisors, to Pontoise, where he halted for three weeks or -thereabout. During this period, great numbers of men at arms came from -different countries to serve him. - -While these things were passing, it was ordered by the royal council, -in the presence of the duke of Acquitaine, the count de Mortain, -the lord Gilles of Brittany, Waleran count de St Pol, governor of -Paris, the chancellor of France[74], the lord Charles de Savoisy, -and other great nobles, that certain proclamations should be sent to -all the bailiwicks and seneschalships of the kingdom, respecting the -assembling of such large bodies of men at arms, daily done in defiance -of the king’s orders, by the duke of Orleans, his brothers, the duke -of Bourbon, the counts d’Alençon and d’Armagnac, and others of their -party, to the great mischief and tribulation of the kingdom at large, -and highly displeasing to the king and disgraceful to his dignity. - -This proclamation again prohibited any one from daring to join the -aforesaid nobles, or any of their party in arms, under pain of being -reputed rebels and traitors to the king and his realm. It likewise -commanded all that had joined them to depart without delay, and return -peaceably to their homes, without further living on or harrassing the -people, and ordered that no hindrance should be given to prevent this -from being carried into effect. Such as should disobey these orders -would be most rigorously prosecuted without delay as rebels,--and from -that day forth no grace or favour would be shown them. - -This proclamation was published in the usual places, and some few, but -in no great number, privately quitted the party of the Armagnacs, and -returned to that of the king. Those that were disobedient, when taken -by the royal officers, were in great danger of their lives. Several -were publicly executed; and among them a knight, called sir Binet -d’Espineuse, attached to the duke of Bourbon from being a native of -the county of Clermont, suffered at Paris. The cause of his death was -his having taken by force some flanders horses that were coming as a -present to the duke of Acquitaine from the duke of Burgundy. After he -was beheaded in the market-place, his body was suspended by the arms to -the gibbet at Montfaucon. - -This punishment was inflicted by order of sir Peter des Essars, who, as -has been said, was lately re-established in his office of provost of -Paris, in the room of sir Brunelet de Sainct-Cler. - -The duke of Orleans and his party were indignant at this execution, as -well as at the late royal proclamation; and the duke of Bourbon was -particularly angry at the disgraceful death of his knight. - -Thus affairs went on from bad to worse. One day, the duke of Orleans -fixed his quarters, with a large force, at the castle of St Ouen, which -is a royal mansion, and thence made daily excursions to the gates of -Paris. He pressed the Parisians so hard that they were much straitened -for provisions; for they were not as yet accustomed to war, nor had -they provided any stores or assembled a force sufficient to repel the -attacks of their adversaries. - -The archbishop of Sens, brother to the late grand master Montagu, had -joined the Armagnacs, but not in his pontifical robes; for instead -of a mitre, he wore a helmet,--for a surplice, a coat of mail,--and -for a cope, a piece of steel,--for his croisier, a battle-axe. At this -period, the duke of Orleans sent his heralds with letters to the king -and the duke of Acquitaine, to inform them that the duke of Burgundy -had fled with his Flemings from Mondidier, not daring to wait his -nearer approach. He took that opportunity of writing also to some -of his friends in Paris, to know if through their means he could be -admitted into the town. It was lost labour, for those who governed for -the duke of Burgundy were too active and attentive in keeping the party -together. - -By some intrigues between those of the Orleans-party and one named -Colinet du Puiseur, who was governor for the king in the town of St -Cloud, this place was given up to them. The duke of Orleans instantly -re-garrisoned it, and continually harrassed the Parisians; for now -he could at any time cross the Seine at the bridge of St Cloud, and -attack both sides of Paris at once. Thus were the Parisians oppressed -on all sides by the Armagnacs,--on which account, another proclamation -was issued in the king’s name throughout the realm, complaining of -the continued atrocious and rebellious acts, in spite of the positive -orders of the king to the contrary, committed by the duke of Orleans -and his allies, to the great loss and destruction of his subjects -and kingdom; that since such grievous complaints had been made on -the subject, and were continually made, he was resolved to have a -stop put to such lawless proceedings. The king, therefore, with -mature deliberation of council, now declares the aforesaid family of -Orleans, and their allies, rebels, and traitors to himself and the -crown of France; and in order that henceforward no persons may dare -to join them, he declares, all such to have forfeited their lives and -estates, and by these presents gives power and authority to all his -loyal subjects to arrest and imprison any of the aforesaid rebels, and -to seize on their properties, moveable or immoveable, and to drive -them out of the kingdom, without let or hindrance from any of the -king’s officers. Given at Paris, the 3d day of October, 1411. Signed -by the king, on the report from the great council specially called -for this purpose, at the hôtel de St Pol, when were present the duke -of Acquitaine, the count de Mortain, the count de la Marche, Louis -de Baviere, the lord Gilles of Brittany, the count de St Pol, the -chancellor of France, with many other nobles of high rank. - -In consequence of this proclamation, many of the captains and noblemen -of the Armagnacs grew cold in their service, or delayed joining them -according to their former agreements; and fearing greater evils might -befal them by further incurring the indignation of the king, they -withdrew to the king’s party, and excused themselves the best way they -could. - -While these affairs were going forward, the duke of Burgundy remained -at Pontoise, as I have before said, and was there joined by numbers of -men at arms, as well vassals to the king as his own. - -During his stay at Pontoise, a man of a strong make entered his -apartment, with the intention to murder him, and had a knife hid in -his sleeve to accomplish his wicked purpose; but as he advanced to -speak with him, the duke, having no knowledge of his person, and always -suspicious of such attempts, placed a bench before him. Shortly after, -some of his attendants, perceiving his design, instantly arrested him, -when, on confessing his intentions, he was beheaded in the town of -Pontoise. - -The king, in order to strike more terror into the duke of Orleans -and his allies, issued other proclamations throughout his kingdom. -Underneath is the tenour of the one which he sent to the bailiff of -Amiens. - -‘Charles, by the grace of God, king of France, to the bailiff of -Amiens, or to his lieutenant, sends health. - -‘It has lately come to our knowledge, by informations laid before -our council, that John, our uncle of Berry, Charles our nephew, duke -of Orleans, and his brothers, with John de Bourbon, John d’Alençon, -Charles d’Albreth, our cousin Bernard d’Armagnac, in conjunction with -others, their aiders and abettors, moved by the wicked and damnable -instigations of their own minds, have for a long time plotted to depose -and deprive us of our royal authority, and with their utmost power to -destroy our whole family, which God forbid! and to place another king -on the throne of France, which is most abominable to the hearing of -every heart in the breasts of our loyal subjects. - -‘We, therefore, by the mature deliberation of our council, do most -solemnly, in this public manner, divulge these abominable and -traitorous intentions of the aforesaid persons, and earnestly do call -for the assistance of all our loyal subjects, as well those bound to -serve us by the tenure of their fiefs as the inhabitants of all our -towns, who have been accustomed to bear arms, to guard and defend our -rights and lives against the traitors aforesaid, who have now too -nearly approached our person, inasmuch as they have entered by force -our town of St Denis, which contains not only many holy relics of the -saints but the sacred bodies of saints, our crown and royal standard, -known by the name of the Oriflamme, with several other precious and -rare jewels. - -‘They have also gained forcible possession of the bridge of St Cloud, -and have invaded our rights, (not to say any thing of our very dear -and well-beloved cousin, the duke of Burgundy, to whom they have sent -letters of defiance,) by setting fire to and despoiling our towns and -villages, robbing churches, ransoming or killing our people, forcing -married women, and ravishing maidens, and committing every mischief -which the bitterest enemy could do. We therefore do enjoin and command -thee, under pain of incurring our heaviest displeasure, that thou -instantly cause this present ordinance to be proclaimed in the usual -places in the town of Amiens, and in different parts within thy said -bailiwick, so that no one may plead ignorance; and that thou do punish -corporally, and by confiscation of property, the aforesaid persons, -their allies and confederates, whom thou mayest lay hands on, as guilty -of the highest treason against our person and crown, that by so doing -an example may be held forth to all others. We also command, under -the penalty aforesaid, all our vassals, and all those in general who -are accustomed to carry arms, to repair to us as soon as possible. Be -careful to have the within ordinances strictly executed, so that we may -not have cause to be displeased with thee. - -‘Given at Paris, the 14th day of October, 1411, and in the 32d year of -our reign.’ - -This ordinance was signed by the king, on the report of his council, -and thus dispatched to Amiens and other good towns, where it was -proclaimed in the usual places, and with such effect on the vassals and -loyal subjects of the king that they hastened in prodigious numbers to -serve him. - -On the other hand, very many of those who were of the Orleans-party -were arrested in divers parts of the realm,--some of whom were -executed, and others confined in prison, or ransomed, as if they had -been public enemies. It was pitiful to hear the many and grievous -complaints which were made by the people of their sufferings, more -especially by those in the neighbourhood of Paris and in the isle of -France. - -I must not forget, among other circumstances, to relate, that the -Parisians, to the amount of three thousand, as well those of the -garrison as others, sallied out of Paris, and went to the palace of -Winchester (Bicêtre), a very handsome mansion of the duke of Berry, -where, from hatred to the duke, they destroyed and plundered the whole, -leaving the walls only standing.--When they had done this, they went -and destroyed another house, where the duke kept his horses, situated -on the river Seine, not far from the hôtel de Neelle. - -The duke was much enraged when he was told of the insult and mischief -that had been done to him, and said aloud, that a time would come when -these Parisians should pay dearly for it. - -Affairs daily grew worse; and at length, the duke of Berry, the duke of -Orleans and his brothers, the duke of Bourbon, the counts d’Alençon and -d’Armagnac, the lord d’Albreth, were personally banished the realm by -the king, with all their adherents, of whatever rank they might be, by -sound of trumpet in all the squares of Paris, and forbidden to remain -or set foot within it until they should be recalled. - -They were not only banished the kingdom of France, but, by virtue of -a bull of pope Urban V. of happy memory, (preserved in the Trésor des -Chartres of the king’s privileges in the holy chapel at Paris), they -were publicly excommunicated and anathematised in all the churches of -the city of Paris, by bell, book, and candle. Many of their party were -much troubled at these sentences, but, nevertheless, continued the same -conduct, and made a more bitter war than before. - - - - -CHAP. XXXVI. - - THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY MARCHES A LARGE ARMY FROM PONTOISE TO - PARIS, THROUGH MELUN.--THE SITUATION AND CONDUCT OF THE DUKE OF - ORLEANS. - - -I have mentioned, that during the stay of the duke of Burgundy at -Pontoise, he received great reinforcements of men at arms from all -parts: among others, the count de Penthievre, his son-in-law, joined -him with a noble company. Having remained there for about fifteen days, -and made diligent inquiry into the state of his adversaries, on the 22d -day of October, he marched his whole army thence about two o’clock in -the afternoon. As the royal road from that place to Paris was occupied -by the enemy, he quitted it for that through Melun sur Seine, where -he crossed the river with full fifteen thousand horse, and, marching -all night, arrived on the morrow morning at the gate of St Jacques at -Paris. Great multitudes went out of the town to meet him; among whom -were the butchers of Paris, well armed and arrayed, conducted by the -provosts of the Châtelet and of the merchants, under the command of the -count de Nevers, brother to the duke of Burgundy, who was attended by -several princes, noble lords and captains: even the great council of -state went out upwards of a league to meet him, and to do him honour. -Indeed, they all showed him as much deference and respect as they could -have done to the king of France, on his return from a long journey. - -With regard to the people of Paris, they made great rejoicings on his -arrival, and sang carols in all the streets through which he passed; -and because his entry was made late in the day, and it was dusk, the -streets were illuminated with great quantities of torches, bonfires and -lanthorns. - -On his approach to the Louvre, the duke of Acquitaine, who had married -his daughter, advanced to meet him, and received him with joy and -respect. He led him into the Louvre, and presented him to the king and -queen, who received him most graciously. - -Having paid his due respects, he withdrew, and went to lodge at -the hôtel de Bourbon. The earl of Arundel was quartered, with his -attendants, at the priory of St Martin des Champs, and his Englishmen -near to him in the adjoining houses. The rest quartered themselves as -well as they could in the city. - -On the morrow, which was a Sunday, Enguerrand de Bournouville, with -many valiant men at arms and archers, as well Picards as English, made -a sally as far as La Chapelle, which the Armagnacs had fortified, and -quartered themselves within it. On seeing their adversaries advancing, -they mounted their horses, and a sharp skirmish ensued, in which -many were unhorsed. Among those who behaved well, sir Enguerrand was -pre-eminent. Near his side was John of Luxembourg, nephew to the count -de St Pol, but very young. Many were wounded, but few killed. The -English, with their bows and arrows, were very active in this affair. - -While this action was fought, the Armagnacs quartered at St Denis, -Montmartre, and other villages, hearing the bustle, mounted their -horses, and hastened to cut off the retreat of Enguerrand. He was -informed of this in time, and, collecting his men, retreated toward -Paris; but as the enemy were superior in numbers, they pressed hard on -his rear, and killed and made prisoners several of his men. - -The duke of Orleans and the princes of his party, on hearing of the -arrival of the duke of Burgundy with so large an army in Paris, ordered -their men at arms, and others that were lodged in the villages round, -to unite and quarter themselves at St Denis. To provide forage, sir -Clugnet de Brabant was sent with a body of men at arms into the Valois -and Soissonois, where there was abundance. Sir Clugnet acquitted -himself well of his command, and brought a sufficient quantity to -St Denis; for at this time there was great plenty of corn and other -provision in France. - -The Armagnacs were, therefore, well supplied; and as they were the -strongest on that side of Paris, they daily made excursions of -different parties as far as the rivers Marne and Oise, and throughout -the isle of France. In like manner, the army of the king and the duke -of Burgundy scoured the country on the other side of the Seine, as far -as Montlehery, Meulan and Corbeil; and thus was the noble kingdom of -France torn to pieces. - -There were frequent and severe rencounters between the men at arms of -each side; and a continued skirmish was going forward between those in -Paris and in St Denis, when the honour of the day was alternately won. - -Among other places where these skirmishes took place was a mill, -situated on an eminence, and of some strength. In this mill, two or -three hundred of the Orleans-party sometimes posted themselves, when -the Parisians and Burgundians made an attack on them, which lasted even -until night forced them to retreat.--At other times, the Burgundians -posted themselves in the mill, to wait for the assault of their -adversaries. - -The duke of Orleans had with him an english knight, called the lord de -Clifford, who had, some time before, joined him with one hundred men -at arms and two hundred archers, from the country of the Bourdelois. -Having heard that the king of England had sent the earl of Arundel, -with several other lords, to the duke of Burgundy, he waited on the -duke of Orleans to request that he would permit him to depart, for that -he was afraid his sovereign would be displeased with him should he -remain any longer. The duke of Orleans having for a while considered -his request granted it, but on condition that neither he himself nor -his men should bear arms against him during the war. The knight made -him this promise, and then returned to England. - -On the 6th day of November, Troullart de Moncaurel, governor and -bailiff of Senlis, having marched about six score combatants of his -garrison to the country of Valois, was met by seven score of the -Armagnacs, who vigorously attacked him; but, after many gallant deeds -were done, Troullart remained victorious. From sixty to eighty of the -Armagnacs were taken or slain; and among the prisoners was sir William -de Saveuse, who had followed the Orleans-party, when his two brothers, -Hector and Philip, were in arms with the duke of Burgundy. Thus, in -this abominable warfare, were brothers engaged against brothers, and -sons against fathers. After this defeat, Troullart de Moncaurel and -Peter Quieriet, who had accompanied him, returned with their booty -to Senlis, when, shortly after, by the exertions of the old lord de -Saveuse and the two brothers, Hector and Philip, sir William obtained -his liberty. - - - - -CHAP. XXXVII. - - THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY LEADS A GREAT FORCE, WITH THE PARISIANS, - TO ST CLOUD, AGAINST THE ARMAGNACS. - - -The duke of Burgundy having remained some time at Paris with his army, -and having held many councils with the princes and captains who were -there, marched out of the town about midnight, on the 9th of November, -by the gate of St Jacques. He was magnificently accompanied by men at -arms and Parisians, among whom were the counts de Nevers, de la Marche, -de Vaudemont, de Penthievre, de St Pol, the earl of Arundel, Boucicaut -marshal of France, the lord de Vergy marshal of Burgundy, the lord de -Heilly, lately appointed marshal of Acquitaine, the lord de St George, -sir John de Croy, Enguerrand de Bournouville, the lord de Fosseux, sir -Regnier Pot governor of Dauphiny, the seneschal of Hainault sir John de -Guistelle, the lord de Brimeu, the earl of Kent, an Englishman, with -many other nobles, as well from Burgundy as from Picardy and different -countries. They were estimated by good judges at six thousand -combatants, all accustomed to war, and four thousand infantry from the -town of Paris. - -When they had passed the suburbs, they advanced in good array, under -the direction of trusty guides, to within half a league of Saint Cloud, -where the Armagnacs were quartered. It might be about eight o’clock in -the morning when they came thither, and the weather was very cold and -frosty. Being thus arrived without the enemy knowing of it, the duke of -Burgundy sent the marshal of Burgundy, sir Gaultier des Ruppes, sir Guy -de la Trimouille, and le veau de Bar, with eight hundred men at arms, -and four hundred archers, across the Seine, toward St Denis, to prevent -the enemy from there crossing the river by a new bridge which they had -erected over it. These lords so well executed the above orders that -they broke down part of the bridge, and defended the passage. - -The duke, in the mean time, ascended the hill of St Cloud in order of -battle, and at the spot where four roads met posted the seneschal of -Hainault, sir John de Guistelle, the lord de Brimeu, John Phillips and -John Potter[75], english captains, at one of them, with about four -hundred knights and esquires, and as many archers. At another road, he -stationed the lords de Heilly and de Ront, Enguerrand de Bournouville, -and Aymé de Vitry, with as many men as the knights above-mentioned. The -third road was guarded by Neville earl of Kent[76], with some picard -captains; and the Parisians and others, to a great amount, were ordered -to Sevres, to defend that road. - -When these four divisions had arrived at their posts, they made -together a general assault on the town of St Cloud, which the Armagnacs -had fortified with ditches and barriers to the utmost of their power. -At these barriers, a notable defence was made by those who had heard of -the arrival of the enemy, under the command of their captains, namely, -sir James de Plachiel, governor of Angoulême, the lord de Cambour, -William Batillier, sir Mansart du Bos, the bastard Jacob, knight, and -three other knights from Gascony, who fought bravely for some time; but -the superiority of numbers, who attacked them vigorously on all sides, -forced them to retreat from their outworks, when they were pursued, -fighting, however, as they retreated, to the tower of the bridge and -the church, which had been fortified. - -The whole of the burgundian force which had been ordered on this duty, -excepting the party who guarded the passage of the bridge, now bent all -their efforts against the church. The attack was there renewed with -greater vigour than before, and, notwithstanding the gallant defence -that was made, the church was stormed, and many were slain in the -church as well as at the barriers. Numbers also were drowned of the -crowd that was pressing to re-enter the tower of the bridge, by the -drawbridge breaking under their weight. - -It was judged by those well acquainted with the loss of the Armagnacs, -that including the drowned, there were nine hundred killed and five -hundred prisoners. Among these last were sir Mansart du Bos, the lord -de Cambour, and William Batillier. In the town of St Cloud were found -from twelve to sixteen hundred horses that had been gained by plunder, -and a variety of other things. - -While this was passing, the duke of Burgundy was with the main army -drawn up in battle-array, on a plain above the town: he had with him -the greater part of the princes, and his spies were every where on the -look-out that the enemy might not surprise him by any unexpected attack. - -The engagement at the tower of the bridge was still continued by the -Burgundians, in the hope of taking it; but it was labour in vain, for -those within defended it manfully. - -Some of the garrison sallied out on the opposite side, and hastened -to St Denis, to inform the duke of Orleans of the disaster that had -befallen them. He was sorely displeased thereat, and instantly mounted -his horse, accompanied by the duke of Bourbon, the counts d’Alençon -and d’Armagnac, the constable, the master of the cross-bows, the young -Boucicaut, and about two thousand combatants, advanced toward St Cloud, -and drew up in battle-array on the side of the river Seine, opposite to -where the duke of Burgundy was posted, and made every preparation as -if for an immediate combat. The duke of Burgundy and his men likewise -dismounted, drew up in order of battle, and displayed his banner, which -was most rich and splendid. But notwithstanding the eager desire which -these princes showed for the combat, it was to no purpose,--for the -river was between them, so that no damage could accrue to either party, -excepting by some chance bolts from the cross-bows, who shot at random. - -When the Armagnacs had remained there for some time, seeing that -nothing effectual could be done, they remounted their horses and -returned to St Denis, leaving, however, a reinforcement to defend the -tower of St Cloud. On their departure, the duke of Burgundy held a -council, and it was determined to march the whole army back to Paris. -The duke lost this day, in slain, not more than from sixteen to twenty; -but there were many wounded, among whom were Enguerrand de Bournouville -and Aymé de Vitry, who had fought well, as did the lord of Heilly. In -like manner, the earl of Arundel and his men behaved gallantly; and it -was one of them who had made sir Mansart du Bos prisoner, but for a sum -of money he resigned him to one of the king’s officers. - -The duke of Burgundy, on his return, was received by the Parisians with -great acclamations; for they had heard of his brilliant success, and -they imagined that through his means they should shortly be delivered -from their enemies, who oppressed them sorely. With regard to the king, -the duke of Acquitaine, and the members of the grand council, prelates -as well as seculars, the reception which they gave him, the princes and -the captains of his army, is not to be described. - -The duke of Orleans, learning that the duke of Burgundy had returned -to Paris with his army, held a council with the heads of his party, -when, having considered the severe loss they had suffered of the most -expert of their captains, and the great power and numbers of their -opponents, whom they could not at this moment withstand with hopes of -success, they resolved to retire to their own countries, and collect a -sufficient army to oppose any force the king and the duke of Burgundy -should bring against them. This was no sooner determined than executed; -for they instantly packed up their baggage, and, crossing the -newly-erected bridge over the Seine, which they had repaired, and the -bridge of St Cloud, hastily marched all night toward Estampes, and then -continued their route to Orleans, and to other towns and castles under -their obedience. - -Thus, therefore, the duke of Orleans, in seeking vengeance for the -death of his father, gained only disgrace and great loss of men. Such -of them as were slain in the field, at the battle of St Cloud, were -there inhumanly left without sepulture, as being excommunicated, a prey -to dogs, birds, and wild beasts. Some lords of his party, such as sir -Clugnet de Brabant, sir Aymé de Sarrebruche, the lord de Hufalize, and -many more, passed through the county of Valois to Champagne, and thence -to their own homes. - -News of this retreat was, very early on the morrow, carried to the -duke of Burgundy and his captains at Paris. Some of them mounted their -horses, and went to St Denis, when all that the Armagnacs had left was -seized on and pillaged: they even arrested and carried away, in the -king’s name, the abbot of St Denis, for having admitted his enemies -into that town. Many of the principal inhabitants were also fined, -notwithstanding the excuses they offered. Others of the duke’s officers -went to the town of St Cloud, which they found abandoned.--Many pursued -the Armagnacs, but in vain; for they had marched all night, and were at -a considerable distance before the news of their decampment had reached -Paris. - -A few days after, the king, by the advice and entreaties of the duke -of Burgundy, bought the greater part of the prisoners made at the late -battle, by paying their ransoms to those who had taken them. In the -number was Colinet, thus surnamed by many, who had betrayed the bridge -of St Cloud to the duke of Orleans; and on the 12th day of November, he -and five of his accomplices were beheaded in the market-place at Paris: -his body was quartered, and the five others were hung up by the arms on -the gibbet at Montfaucon. - -On the 13th of the same month, a sermon was preached in the -church-square, before the porch of Nôtre Dame in Paris, by a Friar -Minor, in the presence of the duke of Burgundy, many princes, and a -great concourse of people,--in which he said that the bulls given by -pope Urban V. had been of the utmost efficacy against the rebellious -subjects of the king, and publicly denounced the duke of Orleans and -his party as excommunicated. They were also thus denounced in many -other succeeding sermons. - -The ensuing day, the king heard mass in Nôtre Dame, and returned to the -Louvre to dinner, when he most graciously received the earl of Arundel, -and caused him to be seated at his table next to the duke of Burgundy. - -Many councils were held at Paris respecting this war, and on the -measures the king should now adopt. It was at length determined, that -on account of the winter, neither the king nor the princes should -attempt any thing more until the ensuing summer, but only have some -able captains with a sufficient force on the frontiers, to harrass -and pursue the enemy, and keep him in check. In consequence, the lord -Boucicaut marshal of France, the lord de Heilly marshal of Acquitaine, -Enguerrand de Bournouville, Aymé de Vitry, the lord de Miraumont and -others, were ordered on this service with a very considerable force. -They marched toward Estampes and Bonneval, and those parts, having with -them the lord de Ront. - -Bonneval, on the first summons from the above captains, surrendered to -the king’s obedience, and the greater part of them were lodged in the -town, and in an adjoining abbey of some strength. Those of Estampes -refused to surrender, for it was garrisoned by the duke of Berry, and -began to make war on the troops of the king and the duke of Burgundy, -by the instigation of the lord Louis de Bourbon, governor of Dourdan, -who resided there. - -At this period, with the consent of the duke of Burgundy, sir John de -Croy, eldest son to the lord de Croy, still detained prisoner by the -duke of Orleans, marched from Paris, with eight hundred combatants, for -the castle of Monchas, in the county of Eu, in which were the duke of -Bourbon’s children and his lady-duchess, namely, one son about three -years old, and a daughter by her first husband nine years old, with -their nurses and other attendants. The son of sir Mansart du Bos, and -the lord de Foulleuses, knight, were also there. The castle and the -whole of its inhabitants were taken by sir John de Croy; and he carried -them, and all he found within it, to the castle of Renty, where he held -them prisoners, until his father, the lord de Croy, was released. When -this misfortune was told to the duke of Bourbon, he was much afflicted; -but the duchess took it so sensibly to heart that very soon after she -died of grief[77]. - - - - -CHAP. XXXVIII. - - THE KING OF FRANCE SENDS THE COUNT DE SAINT POL TO THE VALOIS, - AND TO COUCY, AND OTHER CAPTAINS TO DIFFERENT PARTS AGAINST THE - ARMAGNACS. - - -Conformable to the resolutions of the aforesaid council, count Waleran -de St Pol was sent into the Valois, to reduce the whole of that country -to the king’s obedience, and then to march to Coucy with a large body -of men at arms, archers, and cross-bows. - -Sir Philip de Servolles, bailiff of Vitry en Pertois, was also ordered -into the country of Vertus, with a considerable force, to subdue the -whole of it. The vidame of Amiens was sent into the county of Clermont. -Ferry d’Hangest, bailiff of Amiens, was ordered, for the above purpose, -into the counties of Boulogne, Eu, and Gamaches. - -The inhabitants of Crespy, the principal town of the Valois, no sooner -learnt the intentions of the count de St Pol than they surrendered it -to him, and received him handsomely. He thence advanced to the castle -of Pierrefons, which was very strong, and well provided with all -warlike stores and provision. On coming before it, he held a parley -with the lord de Boquiaux the governor, who concluded a treaty with -him for its surrender, on condition that the count would pay him, in -the king’s name, two thousand golden crowns for his expenses, and that -the garrison should carry away all they had with them. The lady of -Gaucourt, who was in the castle, retired to the castle of Coucy, where -she was honourably received by sir Robert d’Esne, the governor. - -The count de St Pol marched from Pierrefons to la Ferté-Milon, a very -strong castle, and to Villers-Cotterêts, both belonging to the duke of -Orleans; when not only these two but all the other places in Valois, -hearing of the surrender of so strong a castle as Pierrefons without -making any resistance, surrendered, and returned to their obedience to -the king. The Count placed good garrisons in each, and then marched -for Coucy, in the Soissonois, where, as I have before said, sir -Robert d’Esne was governor of the castle. He had with him Rigault des -Fontaines, and others attached to the party of the duke of Orleans. -The governor of the town of Coucy was sir Enguerrand des Fontaines, -and within it were many noblemen, who, holding a council, resolved to -surrender the place, and to leave it with all their baggage. - -The count quartered himself and his men at arms in the town and -suburbs, and then summoned sir Robert d’Esne, in the king’s name, to -surrender the castle. This sir Robert refused to do, saying, that the -duke of Orleans had given him orders, when he appointed him governor, -never to surrender it without his consent or knowledge, and these -orders he had sworn to obey; that it was well provided with all kinds -of stores, and plenty of provision, so that he did not fear its being -taken by force; and he hoped, that before he should be induced to -yield it, means would be found to restore his lord and master to the -good graces of the king.----The count, on hearing this answer, ordered -the castle to be surrounded, and quartered his men as near to it as -possible, keeping up at the same time a brisk cannonade. Among other -expedients, the count employed a body of miners, to undermine the gate -of the lower court, called la Porte Maistre Odon, which was as handsome -an edifice as could be seen for twenty leagues round; and he employed -companies of miners to work at the other large towers, who were so -successful that, in a short time, the mines were ready to be set fire -to. - -The governor was again summoned to surrender, but again refused. Upon -which, the count ordered his men under arms, to be prepared for the -storm should it be necessary; and when all was ready, fire was set to -the combustibles within the mines, so that when the supporters were -burnt, the whole of the tower and gate fell flat down, but, fortunately -for the besieged, the inside wall remained entire, so that the -besiegers were not greatly benefited. Several were killed and wounded -on both sides by the fall of the towers: one of them at the corner was -prevented from falling to the ground by the wall supporting it; and one -of the men at arms remained on this inclined tower, where he had been -posted to guard it, and was in great peril of his life, but was saved -by the exertions of the garrison. - -At length, when the count de St Pol had been before this castle of -Coucy about three months, a treaty was entered into between him and sir -Robert, that he would surrender the castle on condition that he and his -garrison should depart unmolested whither they pleased, with all they -could carry with them, and should receive, for their expenses, twelve -hundred crowns, or thereabout. When this was concluded, the governor -marched off with about fifty combatants, the principal of whom were -his son, le Baudrain de Fur, knight, Rigault des Fontaines, before -mentioned, and Gaucher de Baissu. The lady de Gaucourt departed also -in their company. Sir Robert and the greater part of his men went and -fixed their residence at Creve-coeur and in the castle of Cambresis. - -The count de St Pol, on the surrender of the castle, appointed sir -Gerard de Herbannes governor, with a sufficient garrison. There were -with him on this expedition his nephew John of Luxembourg, the vidame -of Amiens, the lord de Houcourt, and many other nobles and esquires -from Picardy, especially such as were his vassals. Having finished -this business so successfully, he returned to the king at Paris, who, -in consideration of his good qualities, and as a remuneration for his -services, nominated him constable of France. The sword of office was -delivered to him, and he took the usual oaths, in the room of the lord -d’Albreth, who had been dismissed therefrom, being judged unworthy to -hold it any longer. - -In like manner, the lord de Rambures was appointed master of the -cross-bows of France, in the place of the lord de Hangest, who had been -dismissed by the king. The lord de Longny, a native of Brittany, was -made marshal of France, on the resignation, and with the consent, of -the lord de Rieux[78], who was superannuated. - - - - -CHAP. XXXIX. - - SIR PHILIP DE SERVOLLES, BAILIFF OF VITRY, LAYS SIEGE TO THE - CASTLE OF MOYENNES.----OTHER PLACES ARE BY THE KING’S OFFICERS - REDUCED TO HIS OBEDIENCE. - - -In regard to the county of Vertus, the moment sir Philip de Servolles -came before the town of that name, it surrendered to the king,--and in -like manner all the other places in that county, excepting the castle -of Moyennes. In this castle were sir Clugnet de Brabant, his brother -John of Brabant, sir Thomas de Lorsies, and many more, who would not on -any account submit to the king. - -The bailiff of Vitry consequently laid siege to it, and made every -preparation to conquer it by force. It was, however, in vain; for the -garrison were well provided with provision, artillery and stores of all -kinds, so that they little feared the besiegers, and very frequently -cut off their detachments. - -The siege lasted for upwards of three months; and at the end of this -time, sir Clugnet and sir Thomas de Lorsies, mounted on strong and -active coursers, followed by two pages, set out from the castle,--and, -galloping through the besieging army with their lances in their rests, -passed safely, striking down all opposers, escaped to Luxembourg, and -went to sir Aymé de Sarrebruche to seek for succour. But they did not -return with any assistance; for a few days after, John of Brabant was -made prisoner in a sally from the castle, and, by order of the king and -council, beheaded in the town of Vitry. After this event, the remainder -of the garrison surrendered themselves to the king’s obedience, on -stipulating with the bailiff that they were to have their lives and -fortunes spared. He instantly new-garrisoned the castle. - -Thus was that whole country reduced to the king’s obedience; and that -of Clermont followed the example, by surrendering to the vidame of -Amiens without making any resistance. The garrisons in the different -towns and castles that had done great mischief to the surrounding -country withdrew with all their baggage, under the protection of -passports, to the Bourbonois, and were replaced by the king’s troops. - -The bailiff of Amiens was equally successful at Boulogne-sur-mer, -which, with all the adjacent places, surrendered, excepting the castle -of Boulogne,--the seneschal of which, by name sir Louis de Corail, -a native of Auvergne, would not yield it without the permission of -his lord, the duke of Berry, who had intrusted it to his guard. The -bailiff, however, with his men, destroyed the drawbridge, and filled -up the ditches, so that no one could enter or come out of the castle. -A parley took place between the governor and bailiff, when the first -was allowed to send to his lord, the duke of Berry, to know if he would -consent that the castle should be given up to the king, and hold him -discharged for so doing. - -The duke, in answer, bade him surrender the castle to the king’s -officers, and come to him at Bourges, which was done. In like manner, -all the places in the county of Eu, and in the territory of Gamaches, -were surrendered to the king; and the officers who had been placed in -them by their lords were dismissed, and others of the king’s servants -put in their room. - -During this time, very large sums of money were raised in Paris and -elsewhere, to pay the english troops who had come to serve the duke -of Burgundy by permission of the king of England. On receiving their -payment, the earl of Arundel, with his men, returned to England by -way of Calais; but the earl of Kent[79] and his troops remained in the -service of the duke of Burgundy. - -At this moment, the Orleans-party were in great distress, and knew not -where to save themselves; for the instant any of them were discovered, -whether secular or ecclesiastic, they were arrested and imprisoned, and -some executed,--others heavily fined. Two monks were arrested at this -time, namely, master Peter Fresnel, bishop of Noyon, who was taken by -sir Anthony de Craon, and carried from Noyon to the castle of Crotoy; -the other, the abbot of Foresmoustier, was made prisoner by the lord -de Dampierre, admiral of France. They were soon delivered on paying a -large ransom, when each returned to his bishoprick and monastery. - -The lord de Hangest, still calling himself grand master of the french -cross-bows, being attached to the Orleans-party, had, after the retreat -from St Denis, secretly retired to the castle of Soissons. Having a -desire to attempt regaining the king’s favour, he sent a poursuivant -to demand a safe conduct from Troullart de Moncaurel, bailiff and -governor of Senlis, for him to come and reside in that town. The safe -conduct was sent to him, and he came to Senlis; but, because there was -no mention of his return in this permission, Troullart made him and -fifteen other gentlemen prisoners in the king’s name. Shortly after, -they were carried to the Châtelet in Paris, to his great displeasure, -but he could not prevent it. - -The count de Roussy also had retired, after the retreat from St Denis, -to his castle of Pont á Arsy sur Aine; but it was instantly surrounded -by the peasants of the Laonnois, who increased to about fifteen -hundred, and made most terrible assaults on the castle,--and, in spite -of its deep moat and thick walls, they damaged it very much. These -peasants called themselves the king’s children. Sir Brun de Barins, -knight, bailiff of the Vermandois, and the provost of Laon, came to -assist and to command them,--when the count, perceiving the danger he -was in, to avoid falling into the hands of these peasants, surrendered -himself and his castle to the bailiff of the Vermandois, on condition -that his own life, and the lives of all within it, should be spared. -The bailiff accepted the terms, and, having re-garrisoned it with the -king’s troops, carried the count and his men prisoners to Laon, where -they remained a long time; but at length, on paying a heavy ransom, -they obtained their liberty. - -The archdeacon of Brie was, in like manner, taken in the tower of -Andely by these peasants. He was natural son to the king of Armenia. -Sir William de Coussy, who was of the Orleans-party, retired to his -brother in Lorraine, who was bishop of Metz. - - - - -CHAP. XL. - - THE DUKES OF ACQUITAINE AND BURGUNDY MARCH TO CONQUER ESTAMPES - AND DOURDAN.----THE EXECUTION OF SIR MANSART DU BOS AND OTHER - PRISONERS. - - -During these tribulations, there were so many grievous complaints made -to the king and the princes at Paris, of the mischiefs done to the -country by the garrisons of Estampes and Dourdan, that notwithstanding -it had been determined in council that neither the king nor the duke -of Acquitaine should take the field until the winter should be passed, -this resolution was overruled by circumstances. - -On the 23d day of November, the duke of Acquitaine, accompanied by the -duke of Burgundy, the counts of Nevers, de la Marche, de Penthievre, -de Vaudemont, and the marshal de Boucicaut, with others of rank, and a -great multitude of the Parisians on foot, marched out of Paris, with -the intent to reduce to the king’s obedience the garrisons of Estampes -and Dourdan, and some others, who continued the war on the part of the -duke of Orleans and his adherents. - -He halted at Corbeil to wait for the whole of his forces,--and thence, -with an immense quantity of warlike stores and bombards, with other -artillery, marched his army toward Estampes, wherein was sir Louis -de Bourdon, who instantly withdrew into the castle. The townsmen -immediately returned to their former obedience, and were kindly -received by the duke of Acquitaine, in consideration of his uncle the -duke of Berry. Sir Louis de Bourdon, however, refused to surrender, -although he was summoned many times, when the castle was besieged on -all sides. The lord de Ront was at this time prisoner there,--for he -had been taken by sir Louis not long before the arrival of the duke of -Acquitaine. - -Many engines were now pointed against the walls, which they damaged in -several places; and in addition, miners were employed to underwork the -towers. The siege was carried on with such vigour that the garrison, -thinking it probable they should be taken by storm, opened a parley, -and, by means of the lord de Ront, surrendered themselves to the duke -of Acquitaine. Sir Louis de Bourdon, with some other gentlemen, his -confederates, were sent to the Châtelet at Paris. Great part of the -wealth of Bourdon, with a most excellent courser of his, were given to -the lord de Ront, to make amends for the losses which he sustained when -he was made prisoner. - -The dukes of Acquitaine and Burgundy re-garrisoned this place, and -then returned with their army to Paris; for in truth, they could not, -from the severity of the winter, make any further progress. A few days -after, by order of the duke of Burgundy, many noble prisoners were -carried from Paris to the castle of Lille; among whom were the lord de -Hangest, sir Louis de Bourdon, the lords de Gerennes, des Fontaines, -sir John d’Amboise and others, who had been arrested for supporting the -party of the duke of Orleans. They suffered a long confinement, but -were set at liberty on paying a heavy fine. - -At this period, sir Mansart du Bos was beheaded in the market-place -of Paris, his body hung by the shoulders on the gibbet at Montfaucon, -and his head affixed to the spike on the top of the market-house. -This execution took place at the instance of the duke of Burgundy, -because sir Mansart was his liege man, nevertheless he had sent him his -challenge at the same time with the brothers of Orleans, as has been -before noticed. Not all the solicitations of his friends could save -him, and he had many of weight with the duke, who endeavoured earnestly -to obtain his pardon; but it was in vain, for the duke had resolved -upon his death. - -There were in the prisons of the Châtelet, and in other prisons of -Paris, very many of the Orleans-party who perished miserably through -cold, famine, and neglect. When dead, they were inhumanly dragged -out of the town, and thrown into the ditches a prey to dogs, birds, -and wild beasts. The reason of such cruel conduct was their having -been several times denounced from the pulpits, and proclaimed from -the squares, as excommunicated persons. It seemed, however, to many -discreet men, as well noble as of the church, that it was a great -scandal thus to treat those who were Christians and acknowledged the -laws of JESUS CHRIST. - -The same rigorous conduct being persevered in, a short time after, -a valiant knight, called sir Peter de Famechon, was beheaded in the -market-place of Paris: he was of the household and family of the duke -of Bourbon,--and his head was affixed to a lance like the others. The -duke of Bourbon was much exasperated at his death, especially when he -was informed of the disgraceful circumstances that had attended it. At -this time, therefore, all who sided with the Armagnacs, and were taken, -ran great risk of their lives; for there were few that dared speak in -their favour, however near their connexions might be. - - -END OF THE SECOND VOLUME. - - - AT THE HAFOD PRESS, - BY JA. HENDERSON. - - - - -FOOTNOTES: - - -[1] Of one of the most noble houses in Picardy. - -Matthew II. lord de Roye and d’Aunoy, grand master of the cross-bows, -mentioned by Froissart, had issue, - - 1. John III. lord of Roye, &c. - - 2. _Guy, archbishop of Rheims._ - - 3. Matthew Tristan, lord of Busancy, &c. - - 4. John Saudran de Cangy. - - 5. Drogo, counsellor and chamberlain, grand master of waters - and forests in Languedoc, killed at Nicopolis. - - 6. Raoul, abbot of Corbie. - - 7. Reginald, who went to Hungary with his brother Drogo. - - 8. Beatrix-John de Châtillon, vidame of the Laonnois. - - -[2] Probably a mistake for Guichard. - -[3] ‘Bachines.’ Q. Is not this rather _lances_? the more usual term. - -[4] Before called Pieruels: rightly Parwis. - -[5] John III. de Vergy, lord of Champlite, seneschal, mareschal, and -governor, of Burgundy. - -[6] Salmes. Q. Salines? - -[7] This battle was fought on the plains of Eichtfeld, near Tongres. - -[8] The lord d’Agimont, son to the lord of Rochefort, and the lord de -Saraing, according to Placentius. - -[9] There seems to have been some pretext, on the score of retaliation, -for the commission of these barbarities, the insurgents, during the -time of their power, having exercised many similar enormities against -those of the government faction. - -[10] John, third son of Louis I. and brother of Louis II. de Châlons, -counts of Auxerre. - -[11] Mentioned in p. 23. - -[12] Amblard I. lord of La Baûme, had issue, Peter, Perceval, _John_, -William, and Louis. John was a monk at Ambronnai; but Perceval, who -continued the line, had issue, Amblard II. and William, surnamed -Morelet, who was grand butler of Burgundy in 1430. Perhaps he is the -_great lord_ here meant. - -[13] Mentioned in vol. i. p. 135. - -[14] John III. lord of Crequy and Canaples, is mentioned by Froissart. -He had issue, John IV. lord of Crequy, &c. _Reginald_, killed at -Agincourt, and others. - -[15] Escoquehen. Q. Stocheim? - -[16] Heusden,--a town between Gorcum and Bois-le-Duc. - -[17] Oliver count of Penthievre, mentioned before. - -[18] Frederic, or Ferry, count of Vaudemont. - -[19] Catherine of Lancaster, wife of Henry III. and mother of John II. -kings of Castile. I do not find a queen of Portugal in the catalogue -of her children; but this event seems to be here strangely misplaced. -Turquet says, ‘L’an suyvant, 1418, décéda la royne D. Catherine, aagèe -de cinquante ans, de mort soudaine, et fût enterrèe à Tolede, en la -chapelle des roys derniers.’ - -[20] Brooke calls him _John_. He married Philippa, daughter to king -Henry of England by Eleanora his second wife. - -_Eric_ X. king of Denmark, &c. son of Wratislaus duke of Pomerania by -Mary of Mecklenburg, niece to Margaret, _the Semiramis of the north_. -His great aunt, Margaret, was still alive. - -[21] See before, vol. i. p. 57. - -[22] Margaret of Bavaria, sister to the emperor Robert, married Charles -the bold, duke of Lorraine. - -[23] Margaret, heiress of Vaudemont, married Frederick, brother of -Charles duke of Lorraine. - -[24] Q. Who was this? - -[25] John le Maingre, second of the name, count of Beaufort and -viscount of Turenne. He was the son of mareschal Boucicaut the elder, -mentioned by Froissart, who died in 1371. He was himself made a -mareschal of France in 1391, having been knighted, nine years before, -at the battle of Rosebec in Flanders. He went into Hungary and was -present at the battle of Nicopolis, and made prisoner with John count -of Nevers. He was again appointed to the relief of the emperor of -Constantinople in 1399. In 1401, he was made governor of Genoa,--and -he took the city of Famagousta in Cyprus for the Genoese. He was made -prisoner at Agincourt, and died in England 1421. He was a poet as well -as warrior, and composed many rondeaux and virelays. In his epitaph, he -is called Constable to the emperor of Constantinople. - -[26] See Shepherd’s Life of Poggio, p. 42. - -[27] Robert Hallam, cardinal, and chancellor of the university of -Oxford. - -[28] Brandac. Q. Brunswic? - -[29] Marquis of Brandenbourg and Moravia. See vol i. p. 63. - -[30] Ladislaus, or Lancelot, son of Charles of Durazzo, and brother to -Joan II. who succeeded to the crown of Naples on his death in 1412. - -He took up arms on behalf of Gregory, and invaded the florentine -territories in the year 1409, at the head of a large body of forces. -The proceedings of the council were in fact detrimental to him, as -by its decree he was deposed, and the neapolitan crown vested in his -competitor, the duke of Anjou. He had also seized many towns in the -patrimony of St Peter, and among the rest on Rome itself.--See _Poggio_ -_Hist. Florent._ p. 178. et seq. - -[31] Flisque. Q. Fiesco? - -[32] Elizabeth, daughter of John duke of Luxembourg, brother of -Wenceslaus king of Bohemia, and _ci-devant_ emperor. See vol. i. p. 63. - -[33] John lord of Puisaye, fifth son to the duke of Bar. - -[34] Bona, third daughter of the duke of Bar, married to Waleran count -of St Pol. - -[35] Charles de Montagu, to whom the confiscated honours of the vidame -du Laonnois and lord of Marcoussy were restored after the death of his -father. There was no issue of this marriage with Catherine d’Albret. - -[36] Margaret de Clisson, widow of John de Blois and mother of Oliver, -counts of Penthievre. - -[37] John Maria and Philip Maria, sons of John Galeas, and successively -dukes of Milan. - -[38] Theodore Palæologus, second marquis of Montferrat. He married, -first, a daughter of the duke of Bar, and, secondly, a princess of -the house of Savoy. His daughter Sophia was married to Philip Maria -Visconti, then count of Pavia, afterwards duke of Milan. - -[39] Facino Cane, a captain of great reputation, and partisan of John -Maria Visconti, duke of Milan. - -[40] Gaing. Q. Gavi? - -[41] Noefville. Q. Novara, or Novi? - -[42] Q. Louis king of Sicily? or Charles king of Navarre? Probably the -latter. - -[43] John VI. count of Roucy and Braine, son of Hugh count de Roucy -and Blanche of Coucy. He married Isabel de Montagu, and was killed at -Agincourt. - -[44] The lords of Antoing and princes of Espinoy were a younger branch -of the house of Melun, counts of Tancarville. John I. viscount of -Melun, was grandfather both to the count of Tancarville and the lord -d’Antoing, mentioned in this volume. - -[45] Guichard Dauphin, descended from the old counts de Clermont, -dauphins of Auvergne, grand master from 1409 to 1413. He was son to -Guichard Dauphin I. grand master of the cross-bows. - -[46] Amadeus VIII. the first duke of Savoy, son of Amadeus VII. and -Bona daughter to the duke of Berry. - -[47] Bernard VII. brother of John III. count of Armagnac, killed at -Alexandria della Paglia, as related by Froissart. This count was a -man of the most unbounded ambition, and had already, in the forcible -seizure of the county of Fesenzaguet, (the appanage of a younger branch -of Armagnac) and the murder of its count, Geraud III. and his two sons, -discovered an unprincipled cruelty of disposition, remarkable even at -this calamitous period of history. He married Bona of Berry, the widow -of Amadeus VII. and mother of Amadeus VIII. above mentioned. - -[48] Martin king of Sicily, by whose death without issue the king of -Arragon was deprived of male heirs. The island of Sardinia was at this -time divided between the genoese and arragonian factions. The chief of -the former was Brancaleon d’Oria, whose sister was married to William -count of Narbonne. Turquet calls him Aimery,--and says that the king -of Sicily was not killed, but died a natural death at Cagliari, after -obtaining a victory over the confederates. - -[49] Q. Angennes? John d’Angennes, lord de la Louppe, was governor of -Dauphinè and afterwards of the Louvre, and enjoyed great credit at -court. - -[50] This Yvain Graindos is a strange corruption, if any corruption -in the french nomenclature can be strange to a practised ear, of Owen -Glendower, who, as Rapin says, ‘upon the Welch unanimously renouncing -their allegiance to the crown of England, and acknowledging him for -sovereign, from thenceforward always styled himself Prince of Wales, as -appears from several acts.’ - -[51] In a battle fought May 14. 1405. See Rapin’s History of England -_in loco_. - -[52] De Dolhaing. Q. D’Olhaing? - -[53] I suppose Monstrelet must mean Jagellon, grand duke of Lithuania, -who was called to the throne of Poland in 1386, on condition that -he would become a Christian, marry the daughter of the late king, -and annex Lithuania to Poland. This last condition, however, was not -completely fulfilled until the reign of Sigismond Augustus in 1569. - - _Baudran._ - -Jagellon took the name of Uladislaus V. on his baptism; but Hedwige, -daughter to the king of Poland, reigned two years before she married -Uladislaus. - - _Anderson._ - - -[54] Sigismond was king of Hungary in 1387,--roman emperor 1411,--king -of Bohemia 1419,--died 1437, aged 70. He married for his second wife -Barbara, daughter to Hermannus II. count of Cilly in Crain. - - _Anderson._ - - -[55] Of the half blood. See p. 138. - -[56] _I. e._ Bari. - -[57] Probably Nicholas d’Este, connected by marriage with the house of -Malatesta. - -[58] Probably Pandulph Malatesta, lord of Rimini, a captain of great -reputation and adherent of king Ladislaus. - -[59] Sir Raoul de Gaucourt, successively promoted to the posts of -chamberlain, governor of Dauphinè, and grand master of the household, -became a distinguished actor in the wars with the English, from 1427 to -1437 particularly. - -There was also a sir Eustace de Gaucourt, lord of Vicy, who was grand -falconer in 1406 and 1412. - -[60] Count de Hembe. Q. - -[61] Charles de Mouroufle. Q. - -[62] The author of ‘An Account of Livonia, with a Relation of the Rise, -Progress and Decay of the Marian Teutonic Order,’ London, 1701, relates -these transactions in the manner following: - -‘The order was now on the highest pinnacle of prosperity and honour, -exceeding great kings and potentates of Europe in extent of dominions, -power and riches, when Ulricus à Jungingen was chosen great master; but -he being of a boisterous, fiery temper, soon broke the peace concluded -between Poland with his brother Conradus à Jungingen, whereupon -king Uladislaus Jagellon joining forces with his father Witoldas of -Lithuania, formed an army of 150,000 fighting men and marched into -Prussia. To stop the progress of this formidable army, the great master -drew up as many forces as he could, and, after the Livonians had -joined him, found his army consisted, in a general muster, of 83,000 -well armed stout combatants; and thus, with an undaunted spirit, he -marched forth to meet his enemy. Such a battle as this was never heard -of before in these parts, and was given the 15th day of July 1410 in -Prussia, near the town Gilgenbourg, between the two villages Tannenberg -and Grunwald, on a large plain, with such obstinacy that, according -to an exact computation, there were actually killed, on both sides, -100,000 on the spot. The Poles got the victory, but lost 60,000 men. -The order lost 40,000,--but among them almost all their generals and -commanders. The great master himself, and the chief of the order, with -600 noble german marian knights, were there slain. There is still -kept every year a day of devotion upon that plain, in a chapel built -to the remembrance of this battle, marked with the date of the year -it happened, and this inscription, _Centum mille occisi_. The king of -Poland was so weakened by this dear-bought victory that he very readily -agreed to a peace. This memorable battle is called The Battle of -Tannenberg.’ - -[63] Moreri says, that the good duke Louis died at Monbucan on the 19th -of August 1410. By his wife Anne, dauphiness of Auvergne and countess -of Forez, he left John count of Clermont, his son and successor: -his other children, Louis and two daughters, died without issue and -unmarried. He left also a natural son, named Hector, who was killed at -the siege of Soissons in 1414. - -[64] Boulogne, the property of the duke of Berry, by marriage with -Jane, heiress of Auvergne and Boulogne. - - The county of Estampes belonged to the duke of Berry, - Valois, I believe, to the count d’Alençon, - Beaumont to the duke of Orleans,--and - Clermont to the duke of Bourbon. - - -[65] Vinchestre, or rather Winchester,--now called Bicêtre, was a -palace built by a bishop of Winchester 1290. For further particulars, -see ‘Sauval Antiquitès de Paris’, vol. ii. book vii. - -[66] I hardly know whether this can be the celebrated archbishop of -Rheims, and historian of the reign of Charles VI. who was one of the -most learned men of his time, and died at an advanced age, in 1474. -He had two brothers older than himself, William des Ursins, baron -of Treynel, chancellor of France in 1445, and again in 1464,--and -James Juvenal des Ursins, who was archbishop of Rheims before him. -The history written by Juvenal des Ursins occupies the space from -1380 to 1422, and throws great light, by comparison, on Froissart and -Monstrelet. - -[67] Q. De Nesle? - -Guy III. de Nesle, lord of Offemont and Mello, was grand master of the -household to queen Isabella, and was killed at Agincourt. His two sons, -_John_ III. and Guy IV. followed him in succession. He had a third son, -who died with him at Agincourt. - -[68] Monstrelet apparently mistakes. According to Moreri, _Robert_ duke -of Bar died this year, leaving issue by his wife Mary (daughter to John -king of France), - - 1. Henry lord d’Ossy, who died in Hungary, 1396, leaving by his - wife Mary de Coucy, countess of Soissons, one son, Robert count - of Marle and Soissons, killed at Agincourt. - - 2. Philip, died in Hungary 1396. - - 3. Edward III. marquis du Pont, and duke of Bar after his - father’s death. - - 4. Louis cardinal of Bar. - - 5. Charles lord of Nogent. - - 6. John lord of Puisaye. (Both Edward and John were killed at - Agincourt.) - - 7. Yoland, queen of Arragon. - - 8. Mary, countess of Namur. - - 9. Bona, countess of St Pol. - -One striking peculiarity is discernible in this table, viz. the -preference shown in the succession to Edward the third son, over -Robert, son of the eldest son of the deceased duke; but this was -according to the law of many feudal tenures, which took no notice of -our universally-established doctrine of _representation_ in descents. -The same law prevailed in Artois, and was the ground of that famous -decision by which Robert d’Artois was ejected in the middle of the -fourteenth century, and in consequence of which he retired in disgust -to the court of our Edward III. who asserted the justice of his -pretensions. - -[69] He was a peer as duke of Burgundy, and again a peer as -count-palatine of Burgundy. - -[70] John, called count de Ligny, third son of John count of Brienne, -brother to the count de St Pol. - -[71] James de Châtillon was appointed admiral in 1408, in the room -of Clugnet de Breban. He was lord of Dampierre, and son of Hugh de -Châtillon, formerly master of the cross-bows. - -[72] Nephew of duke Edward. See p. 232. - -[73] The advice which, according to Stowe, king Henry gave to the duke -of Burgundy on this occasion was deserving of more attention than he -was disposed to pay to it. ‘The duke of Burgoyne, desiring the king’s -aid against the duke of Orliance, promised many things,--amongst the -which he promised his daughter in marriage to the prince, and a great -sum of gold with her. To whom the king answered: ‘We advertise you not -to fight with your enemie in this case, who justly seemeth to vexe -you, for the death of his father by you procured, but as much as in -you lyeth endeavor yourself to mitigate the young man’s wrath, and -promise to make him reasonable satisfaction, according to the advice -of your friends; and if then he will not cease from persecuting you, -get you into the strongest place of your dominion, and there gather -such power as may be able to put off his force. If then, after this, -he will make war against you, you shall have the juster occasion to -fight with him,--and in such case we will shew you such favour as yee -have demaunded.’ Thus there were sent over to his ayde Thomas earl of -Arundell, Gilbert Umfreville earl of Angus, or earl of Kyme, sir Robert -Umfreville, sir John Oldcastle, lord Cobham, sir John Grey and William -Porter, with twelve hundred archers,’ &c. &c. - -[74] According to the catalogue in Moreri, Arnauld de Corbie, lord of -Joigny, was at this time chancellor. - -[75] Called William Porter by Stowe. - -[76] Q. If this is not _Umfreville_ earl of Angus and _Kyme_ (as Stowe -calls him)? There was at this period no Neville earl of Kent. The -only earl of Kent of that family was William Nevil lord Falconbridge, -created 1461. I find this conjecture somewhat confirmed by the -original, which is, ‘Ousieville comte de Kam.’ It is true, that -Holinshed mentions the earls of Pembroke and of _Kent_ as being of the -expedition: but he cites Monstrelet as his authority, and is therefore -likely to be mistaken. - -[77] ‘Que _à peu près_ elle _ne_ mourast de deuil.’ ‘That she was -within a little of dying with grief.’ Mary of Berry, daughter of John -duke of Berry, and wife to John duke of Bourbon (her third husband, she -having been before twice a widow, first of Louis de Châtillon count -of Dunois, and, secondly, of the constable d’Eu), lived till the year -1434, when she died at Lyons. See Morery. Her children by the duke of -Bourbon were Charles, duke of Bourbon after his father,--Louis, who -died young,--and another Louis, founder of the line of Montpensier. - -[78] John II. lord of Rieux and Rochefort. According to Morery’s -catalogue, two mareschals were created this year,--Louis lord of -Loigny, and James lord of Heilly, commonly called Mareschal of -Acquitaine. - -[79] See p. 328. - - -[Transcriber's Note: - -Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation are as in the original. - -Seven instances of “Pier-vves” changed to read “Pier-Yves”; and one -instance of “Pierre-vves” changed to read “Pierre-Yves.”] - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Chronicles of Enguerrand de -Monstrelet, Volume 2 (of 13), by Enguerrand de Monstrelet - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES--ENGUERRAND MONSTRELET, VOL 2 *** - -***** This file should be named 52607-0.txt or 52607-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/2/6/0/52607/ - -Produced by Wayne Hammond and The Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, -and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive -specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this -eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook -for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, -performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given -away--you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks -not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the -trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. - -START: FULL LICENSE - -THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE -PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK - -To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free -distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work -(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full -Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at -www.gutenberg.org/license. - -Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works - -1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to -and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property -(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all -the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or -destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your -possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a -Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound -by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the -person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph -1.E.8. - -1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be -used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who -agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few -things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See -paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this -agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. - -1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the -Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection -of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual -works in the collection are in the public domain in the United -States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the -United States and you are located in the United States, we do not -claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, -displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as -all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope -that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting -free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm -works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the -Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily -comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the -same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when -you share it without charge with others. - -1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern -what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are -in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, -check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this -agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, -distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any -other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no -representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any -country outside the United States. - -1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: - -1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other -immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear -prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work -on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the -phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, -performed, viewed, copied or distributed: - - This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and - most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no - restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it - under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this - eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the - United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you - are located before using this ebook. - -1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is -derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not -contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the -copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in -the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are -redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply -either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or -obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted -with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution -must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any -additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms -will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works -posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the -beginning of this work. - -1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this -work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. - -1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this -electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without -prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with -active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project -Gutenberg-tm License. - -1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, -compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including -any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access -to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format -other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official -version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site -(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense -to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means -of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain -Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the -full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. - -1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, -performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works -unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing -access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -provided that - -* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from - the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method - you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed - to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has - agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid - within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are - legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty - payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in - Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg - Literary Archive Foundation." - -* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies - you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he - does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm - License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all - copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue - all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm - works. - -* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of - any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the - electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of - receipt of the work. - -* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free - distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than -are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing -from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and The -Project Gutenberg Trademark LLC, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. - -1.F. - -1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable -effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread -works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project -Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may -contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate -or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other -intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or -other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or -cannot be read by your equipment. - -1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right -of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project -Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all -liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal -fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT -LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE -PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE -TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE -LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR -INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH -DAMAGE. - -1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a -defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can -receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a -written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you -received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium -with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you -with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in -lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person -or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second -opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If -the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing -without further opportunities to fix the problem. - -1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth -in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO -OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT -LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. - -1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied -warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of -damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement -violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the -agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or -limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or -unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the -remaining provisions. - -1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the -trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone -providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in -accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the -production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, -including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of -the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this -or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or -additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any -Defect you cause. - -Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm - -Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of -electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of -computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It -exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations -from people in all walks of life. - -Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the -assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's -goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will -remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure -and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future -generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see -Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at -www.gutenberg.org - - - -Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation - -The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit -501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the -state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal -Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification -number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by -U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. - -The Foundation's principal office is in Fairbanks, Alaska, with the -mailing address: PO Box 750175, Fairbanks, AK 99775, but its -volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous -locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt -Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to -date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and -official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact - -For additional contact information: - - Dr. Gregory B. Newby - Chief Executive and Director - gbnewby@pglaf.org - -Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation - -Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide -spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of -increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be -freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest -array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations -($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt -status with the IRS. - -The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating -charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United -States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a -considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up -with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations -where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND -DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular -state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate - -While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we -have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition -against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who -approach us with offers to donate. - -International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make -any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from -outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. - -Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation -methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other -ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To -donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate - -Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. - -Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project -Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be -freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and -distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of -volunteer support. - -Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in -the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not -necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper -edition. - -Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search -facility: www.gutenberg.org - -This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. - |