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diff --git a/old/52395-0.txt b/old/52395-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index dba08ec..0000000 --- a/old/52395-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6388 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Journal of my journey over the mountains, by -George Washington - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Journal of my journey over the mountains - while surveying for Lord Thomas Fairfax, baron of Cameron, - in the northern neck of Virginia, beyond the Blue Ridge, - in 1747-8. - -Author: George Washington - -Editor: Joseph Meredith Toner - -Release Date: June 23, 2016 [EBook #52395] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK JOURNAL OF JOURNEY OVER MOUNTAINS *** - - - - -Produced by Rachael Schultz, John Campbell and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - - - - - TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE - - The editor and his printer made every effort to reproduce - Washington's journal precisely and without any corrections, noting - in the Preface "with that literal exactness as to text which can - only be assured by the careful efforts of an experienced copyist - and expert proof reader having access to and comparing in every - possible case the copies with the originals." - - This etext preserves that intent, and no corrections of spelling or - punctuation have been made to the journal text (Washington's words - as found in the printed book). A few corrections have been made to - the editor's Footnotes and to the Index; more detail of that can be - found at the end of the book. - - Footnotes have been left in-line whenever possible, following the - format of the original text. Some that were placed mid-paragraph - have been moved to the end of the paragraph. - - Footnotes in the original text were identified by a smaller font, - so to clearly identify where Footnotes begin and end in this etext, - each Footnote begins with "[Footnote x:" where x is the footnote - number, and ends with "]" followed by two blank lines. - - Representation of italic markup, of superscripts etc in this etext, - is described below:-- - - Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. - - Whitespace within a journal line is indicated by @@whitespace@@. - Any indentation at the beginning of a text paragraph is not shown. - - A superscript is denoted by ^x or ^{xx}. For example, M^r (Mister) - or 1^{st} (first). - - One insertion made by the author is denoted by ^^{text inserted}. - - A date range displayed by one date over the other, is denoted by ~, - for example 'November 3~7^{th}' indicating 3rd to the 7th. - - A few superscripts had a dot under the superscripted letter(s); - this has been removed in the etext. - - One unusual symbol is denoted by ɭ (Unicode Hex026d) on page 107, - in the string '6400 ɭ 400'. Author's meaning is not clear. - - - - - JOURNAL - - OF MY - - Journey Over the Mountains; - - BY - - GEORGE WASHINGTON, - - WHILE SURVEYING FOR LORD THOMAS FAIRFAX, BARON OF CAMERON, - IN THE - - NORTHERN NECK OF VIRGINIA, - - BEYOND THE BLUE RIDGE, - - IN - 1747-8. - - - _Copied from the Original with Literal Exactness and - Edited with Notes_ - - BY - - J. M. TONER, M. D. - - - ALBANY, N. Y. - JOEL MUNSELL'S SONS, PUBLISHERS - 1892 - - - - -TABLE OF ILLUSTRATIONS. - - - 1. Mount Vernon farms, to face page iv - - 2. Mount Vernon hills--made as early as 1747, - traced from original, to face page 9 - - 3. Plan of Major Lawrence Washington's turnip - field, traced from original, to face page 14 - - 4. Plan of survey of land known as "Hell Hole," - traced from original, to face page 24 - - 5. Mount Vernon river front at mouth of Hunting - creek, traced from original, to face page 52 - - 6. Surveying or measuring land, a study traced - from original, to face page 56 - - 7. Lost river, traced from the original, to face - page 73 - - 8. Plat of Francis Jett's land, traced from the - original, to face page 76 - - 9. Plat of Elizabeth Washington's land, traced - from the original, to face page 76 - - 10. Plat of survey for Richard Barnes, Gent., - copied from Sparks, to face page 79 - - - - -[Illustration: A Map of Washington's Farms at Mount Vernon] - - - - -PREFACE. - - -Washington's Journal here given to the public, if we except his -version of the "Rules of Civility and Decent Behaviour in Company -and Conversation," is the earliest literary effort of this, the -most admirable character in all history. The editor has long -been engaged in collecting accurate copies of all the obtainable -writings of this great man. Wherever it has been found practicable -to examine and critically compare even his generally accepted -writings with the originals, it has been, or will be done to secure -a copy of exact and verified conformity, in every particular, with -the text as it left the hand of the writer. - -It is a well-known fact that editors have taken great liberties -with Washington's writings, not for the purpose of falsifying -history, or aspersing his character, but from a variety of reasons, -often to suppress caustic expressions, or to substitute a more -euphonious word to give to his sentences a fine, rhetorical finish. -Such editorial dressing, even where the motive is well intended, -is vicious in principle and liable to abuse; and, in the case of -Washington's writings, is neither justifiable nor desirable. The -time has come when the people want to know intimately and without -glamour or false coloring, the father of his country as he actually -lived and labored, and to possess his writings, just as he left -them, on every subject which engaged his attention. It is the -purpose of the editor to prepare a complete collection of all the -writings of George Washington, from his youth to the close of his -eventful life, with that literal exactness as to text which can -only be assured by the careful efforts of an experienced copyist -and expert proof reader having access to and comparing in every -possible case the copies with the originals. This initial Diary of -Washington opens with his sixteenth year, and plainly shows the -energy and the maturity of his judgment, and his capability to -discharge even then important trusts with efficiency. - -Forthcoming volumes will give, in chronological order, his -co-operation in the march of events on this continent, and his life -and opinions as seen through the writings he left. This volume must -be viewed as the work of a youth, making a few, brief and hurried -memoranda while in the depths of the forest and intended for no -eye but his own. The time is not far distant when an edition of -Washington's more important papers will be called for in facsimile -by some one of the photogravure processes now available for such -purposes, because of the unquestionable fidelity to the original it -secures and which is approximately arrived at in this publication. - -This is the first systematic attempt to produce the writings of -Washington with literal exactness as to abbreviations, the use of -capitals, punctuation, spelling, etc. It is possible that the plan -pursued may not, at first, meet with an unqualified commendation -from the public. But if the editor does not much mistake the -desire of students, the admirers of Washington and the demand of -historians, this method, if faithfully executed, must produce the -preferred edition of his writings. - -A few miscellaneous pieces in Washington's youthful handwriting -are preserved in this Journal, and are here printed with the same -effort for literal accuracy which has been bestowed upon the -Journal itself, and upon his field notes of land surveys. - -[Illustration: Mount Vernon Hills] - - - - -INTRODUCTION. - - -This journal of George Washington, now for the first time printed -entire and with literal exactness, was begun, as shown by the -date in the opening lines, when he was but one month over sixteen -years of age. It is his own daily record of observations during -his first remunerated employment. His proficiency as a surveyor, -and his fortitude in encountering the hardships of the forest in -this expedition were, considering his age, truly remarkable. With -him the beginning determined the end. Biographers have made us -acquainted with the character of his worthy parents, and with the -sturdy stock from which they were descended. It does seem as though -Providence called our Washington into being, and educated him in -the western world just at the time when a great leader was wanted -to direct a revolution, and to found on this continent a new and a -free, English-speaking nation. Every factor, whether of lineage or -culture, in the admirably balanced character of Washington, as well -as every aspiration of his heart, from his cradle to his grave, -is of high interest to the world. Although deprived of a father's -care at the age of eleven years, he was, however, especially -blessed in having such a mother as the noble Mary Washington, -who conscientiously discharged her sacred duty as his guardian, -counselor and friend. Hence filial reverence grew with his growth -and strengthened with his maturing years into fixed principles, -making him throughout all his eventful life loyal to every virtue -and heroic in every trust. - -When George Washington set out on the enterprise herein narrated, -he was just out of school, where he had received the best education -the neighborhood could supply, supplemented with good private -instruction. We may well believe that his mother and his brothers -then supposed that George had attained an age and proficiency when -he should either go to college to acquire a higher education, or -embark speedily in some respectable calling; and we may further -conclude that this precocious youth was eager to take part in the -affairs of life, and deferentially announced his preference for the -latter course. Possibly he was influenced in this selection by his -great admiration for his half-brother, Major Lawrence Washington, -who was actively and prosperously engaged in various business -enterprises, who made much of George, and had him visit Mount -Vernon whenever it was practicable. - -George Washington's aptitude for mathematics early attracted the -attention of his teachers, and his beautifully kept copy-books, -which are still preserved, attest his unusual ability in -mathematical demonstration and diagrams. Mr. Williams, the -principal of the Academy in Westmoreland county, Va., where young -Washington was, to give a practical value to this mathematical -talent, had added surveying and navigation to his other studies; -and these were soon mastered by this bright pupil. Land surveying -was then a profitable and genteel pursuit in the colonies, and it -comported well with Washington's tastes and inclinations. While -visiting his brother at Mount Vernon, he had repeatedly amused -himself and entertained guests of the house by surveying, in their -presence, the garden, or a field, and rapidly drawing plats of -them as an exercise. A few maps of such early surveys have been -preserved. One of them, of Lawrence Washington's turnip field, -bearing date 27 Feb., 1747-8, is reproduced in fac-simile in this -publication. The others are without date, but are of about the same -period; although one, namely that of "Hell Hole," a part of the -Mount Vernon estate, and frequently mentioned in Washington's later -diaries, may have been an earlier production. A fac-simile of it -may also be found in this work. - -Washington's efficiency and enthusiasm as a surveyor were observed -and admired not only by his friend and companion, George William -Fairfax, but also by the Hon. Wm. Fairfax and by Lord Fairfax, who -were constantly employing surveyors to lay off lands for sale in -the latter's large domain known as "The Northern Neck" of Virginia. -During the early spring of 1748 the demands for surveys were more -than usually pressing by actual settlers in the Shenandoah valley. -Lord Fairfax engaged the youth, George Washington, to proceed with -George William Fairfax, his agent, as recorded in this journal, -to execute certain commissions and meet a pressing demand. His -surveys and reports gave entire satisfaction and led to his steady -employment by his titled patron, principally as a director of his -lordship's land office and of the surveys, preparatory to sale. -Washington filled this position for about three years, when he was -called upon to accompany his brother Lawrence, who, from failing -health, was constrained, in the fall of 1751, to visit the West -Indies in the hope of finding relief. - -The journal kept by George Washington during his visit to Barbadoes -in company with his brother, will be given in a separate work -soon to be issued in its chronological order by the editor. The -journal here presented to the public is, in the main, confined to -Washington's daily entries, memoranda and field notes of surveys of -land situated between the Blue Ridge and the Alleghany mountains. - -Unfortunately the records of his surveys are not consecutive, and -it is quite evident that they represent but a part, and probably -but a small part, of the land surveyed by Washington for Lord -Fairfax and others. The notes of surveys here published are all -that can be found or that are now known to exist. It is to be -hoped, however, that if other books of his field notes of surveys -have escaped destruction, they may yet be discovered. This hope -is encouraged from the fact that the laws of the colony required -surveyors, upon retiring from their official stations as county -surveyors, to deposit their field books of notes of surveys with -the records of the county. How far this law was complied with, the -editor is unable to say. It is a mistake, however, to infer that -Washington was constantly employed in actually running lines and -taking field notes. He was largely charged with the supervision of -Lord Fairfax's land office, and the records thereto belonging, and -was his principal adviser in his land surveys, directing the men -employed in the field work. - -This journal, with its memoranda and surveys, makes a valuable -addition to our knowledge of the life and employments of Washington -in his youth. Here are also preserved the names of nearly three -hundred of the early settlers and first land owners in the great -valley of Virginia, for whom Washington made surveys, or who -assisted him in this business. - -It was a cherished hope of the editor that he might be able to -give, in notes, brief sketches of the pioneers in the valley here -named, through the assistance of their descendants, who, in many -instances, reside upon lands surveyed by Washington for their -ancestors. In this, however, he has been disappointed. - -The journal, memoranda and surveys found in these books have all -been copied with literal exactness and are here printed just as -they were recorded by the hand of their author. This literalness is -adhered to in the interest of truth and for the benefit of earnest -students of history unable to consult personally the originals. -Washington requires no apology for any apparent want of style or -other marks of hasty composition in this journal. It was written -in the nature of a memorandum intended for himself alone. His -thoughts, even in these youthful productions, flow easily and in an -orderly and consecutive manner. His sentences are never involved -or obscure, and his observations are always apt and instructive; -and, although a youth in years when this journal was written, he -was dealing ably with important interests, and deporting himself -in a manly manner, and associating on terms of intimacy with the -foremost men of the day. He seems to have had no idle boy life, but -was a man with manly instincts and ambitions from his youth. Time -and accidents are slowly, but effectually, destroying the precious -original manuscripts, so that a literal and authentic copy is a -great desideratum. No liberty whatever is taken by the editor with -the text as recorded by Washington. The notes which are added, it -is hoped, may prove of interest. - - J. M. T. - -[Illustration: Surveying - -A Plan of Major Law: Washingtons Turnip Field as Survey'd by me - -This 27 Day of February 1747/8 GW] - - - - -JOURNAL. - - -A Journal of my Journey over the Mountains began Fryday the 11^{th} -of March 1747-8.[1] - -Fryday March 11^{th} 1747-8. Began my Journey[2] in Company with -George Fairfax, Esqr.;[3] we travell'd this day 40 Miles to M^r -George Neavels[4] in Prince William County.[5] - -[Footnote 1: Double dating of the year, as is done here, was an old -custom observed between January 1st and the 25th of March. For all -other portions of the year a single date was used. Although January -1st had been generally accepted as the beginning of the historical -year in Christian countries, yet March 25th was held by some as -the beginning of the civil or legal year. The Gregorian chronology -or new style had not, at the time this journal was written, been -adopted by England, and, indeed, was not until September 2nd, 1752.] - -[Footnote 2: The party on this expedition set out from "Belvoir," -the home and plantation of the Hon. William Fairfax, described by -General Washington as "within full view of Mount Vernon, separated -by water only, is one of the most beautiful seats on the river." -(Letter to John Sinclair, 11 December, 1796.) It was founded by -William Fairfax, cousin and agent to Lord Thomas Fairfax, and was -his residence until his death in 1757. The estate then passed to -his eldest son, George William Fairfax, also one of Lord Fairfax's -agents, and was his residence until July, 1773, when, accompanied -by his wife, he went to England to attend to some property he had -inherited there. Washington, his friend and neighbor, consented to -act as his agent during his absence, which, at the time, neither -anticipated would be of long continuance. - -"Law's delay" and business interests making it important for Mr. -Fairfax to remain in England, he directed Washington to dispose -of his stock, farm fixtures and household effects at public sale. -After due advertisement, this was done August 15, 1774. A second -sale at "Belvoir" took place December 5, 1774. - -The following bill of household effects bought at this first sale -at Belvoir by George Washington has been preserved among his -private papers and was in the possession of one of his inheritors, -Lawrence Washington, in January 1891. The bill in the auctioneer's -handwriting was folded and endorsed in Washington's known -hand:--"Articles bought by G^o Washington at Col^o Fairfax's Sale -15 August 1774." - -"Inventory of House Furnishings bought by Col^o George Washington -at Col^o Fairfax's Sale at Belvoir 15 August 1774. - - £ s. d. - Gilbert Simpson's 5 Bott. or Pickle Pots 7 6 - 2 Potts from Lawson Parker do do 2 - 6 Pickle Potts different sizes 4 6 - 2 Doz. mountain wine 1 4 - 4 Chariot Glasses frames 12 6 - Irons for a boat canopy with tiller 12 6 - 12 Pewter Water Plates 1 6 - 1 Mahogany Shaving Desk 4 - 1 Settee-bed and furnature 13 - 4 Mahog'y chairs 4 - 1 Chamber Carpet 1 1 - 1 Oval Glass with guilt frame in the Green room 4 5 - 1 Mahog'y chest and drawers in M^{rs} Fx chamber 12 10 - 1 Mahog'y Side Board 12 5 - 1 Mahog'y Cistern & stand 4 - 1 Mahog'y voider a dish tray & a knife tray 1 10 - 1 Japan Bread tray 7 - 12 Chairs & 3 window curtains from y^e dining room 31 - 1 Looking glass & Guilt Frame 13 5 - 2 Candlesticks & a bust of the Imortal Shakespere 1 6 - 3 floor carpets in the gent's room 3 5 - 1 Large carpet 11 - 1 Mahog'y wash Desk bottle &c. 1 2 6 - 1 Mahog'y Close Stool--part broke 1 10 - 2 Matrasses 4 10 - 1 Pair andirons, tongues, fender & shovel 3 10 - 1 Pair do " " " " 3 17 6 - 1 Pair do " " " " 1 17 6 - 1 Pair Dogirons in Great Kitchen 3 - 1 Pot Rache " " " 4 - A Roasting Fork 2 6 - A Plate Basket 3 - 1 Mahog'y Spider make tea table 1 11 - 1 Old Skreen 10 - 1 Carpet 2 15 - 1 Pair Bellows & Brush 11 - 2 Window Curtins 2 - 1 Large Marble Morter 1 1 - 1 Pot Rache in the cellar 1 7 6 - 2 Mahog'y Card Tables 4 - A bed a pair of blankets & 19 quilts or coverlets - Pillows Bolsters &c 1 Mahog'y card Table for Col^o Lee 11 - --------- - £169.12.6 - -The following admirable description of the estate is taken from -an advertisement in the Pennsylvania _Gazette_ of Philadelphia, -October 19, 1774: - -"TO BE RENTED FROM YEAR TO YEAR, OR FOR A TERM OF YEARS,--Belvoir, -the beautiful seat of the Honorable Geo. W. Fairfax, Esq., upon the -Potomac river, in Fairfax county, about 14 miles below Alexandria. - -"The mansion is of brick, two stories high, with four convenient -rooms, and a large passage on the lower floor; five rooms and a -large passage on the second; servants' hall and cellar below; -convenient to it are offices, stables and coach-house; adjacent is -a large and well furnished garden stored with a great variety of -fruits, all in good order. - -"Appertaining to the tract on which these houses stand and which -contains near 2,000 acres (surrounded in a manner by navigable -water), are several valuable fisheries and a good deal of clear -land in different parts which may be let all together or separately -as shall be found most convenient. - -"The terms may be known of Colonel Washington who lives near the -premises, or of me in Berkeley county. - - "FRANCIS WILLIS, Junior." - -The estate was leased to the Rev. Andrew Morton for a term of seven -years. Unfortunately the mansion was destroyed by fire only a few -years later. The owner's long absence, and the fact that there was -no house to invite a careful tenant, together with the excitement -and derangement of business incident to the war for independence, -caused the estate rapidly to depreciate in value. Early in 1775 -Washington relinquished the agency of George W. Fairfax's business -in America, as his time was fully taken up in directing the -momentous affairs of the Revolution.] - -[Footnote 3: George William Fairfax, eldest son of the Hon. William -Fairfax, of "Belvoir," Va., was born in Nassau, New Providence, -West Indies, in 1724. His father having been appointed to the -custom house in Salem, Massachusetts, he was taken to that town and -resided there until 1734, about which time his father accepted the -agency of Lord Fairfax's lands in Virginia, and removed to that -province. For a time he resided in Westmoreland county, Va., but -after a couple of years he settled upon and developed the "Belvoir" -estate on the Potomac river. George William Fairfax was educated -in England, and coming to his majority settled at "Belvoir," and -married Sarah, daughter of Col. Wilson Cary, of Hampton, Va., who -some writers, on rather apocryphal testimony, endeavor to show -was an object of Washington's ardent devotion when a mere youth. -The same compliment has also been claimed for her sister Mary, -who married Edward Ambler, and for other belles of that period -in Virginia, as well as in some of the other colonies. George W. -Fairfax, after his marriage, resided part of the time at "Belvoir," -and part at "Greenway Court," as agent of Lord Fairfax, in the -vicinity of which he owned and cultivated lands. On his father's -death in 1757 he inherited "Belvoir," where he continued to reside -until the summer of 1773, when, accompanied by his wife, he went -to England to look after some property he had inherited there. The -proprietors of "Belvoir" and "Mount Vernon" and their families -were always on the most friendly terms, as the letters extant of -each attest, and Washington's diaries fully confirm. Mr. Fairfax -favored the early protests by the colonies and petitions to the -king in the interests of the colonies, but opposed measures looking -to forcible resistance. Washington consented to act as his agent -while he was absent, presuming his stay in England would be of -short duration. But a complication of matters detained him abroad -so that he instructed his agent to sell off his stock at "Belvoir" -and lease the property. A sale was accordingly held on the estate -in August, 1774, which continued two days. A second and further -sale was held in December the same year. The property was leased -in 1774 for seven years, but shortly after this the mansion house -was burned down and never rebuilt. During the Revolutionary war -some of Mr. Fairfax's property in Fairfax county was escheated to -the state. His loss of income from America led him to limit his -expense, he therefore removed from Yorkshire to Bath and lived in a -modest way, dividing generously, from his limited means, with the -American prisoners of war held in England. He had no children. A -friendly correspondence was kept up between him and Washington to -the close of his life. He was urged to return to America, but his -mansion at "Belvoir" having been destroyed by fire he kept putting -it off and never returned. He left "Belvoir" and some other landed -property to Ferdinand, son of his half-brother, Rev. Bryan Fairfax, -and died at Bath in England, April 3, 1787, and was buried in -Wirthlington church. His will appointed George Washington as one of -his executors. His wife survived him until 1812. Her remains were -placed by the side of her husband's.] - -[Footnote 4: George Neville, Esq., was among the earliest -planters to settle in the western part of Prince William county, -Va. As early as, or before 1730, he selected a large body of -desirable land lying on the main road by way of Ashby's Gap from -Fredericksburg to Winchester. Here his residence was beautifully -situated on high, healthy and productive land near the head springs -of Bull Run, a tributary of the Occoquan river, and 34 miles -from Fredericksburg, the head of tide water on the Rappahannock -river. Squire Neville, the proprietor of this fine estate, as -he was usually called, was a man of steady and industrious -habits, possessed a fine constitution, gentle in his manners, and -cultured in his tastes, enterprising and thrifty, with a genius -for overcoming such difficulties as always beset the path of the -pioneer in a new country. As the lands to the west of him, and -particularly those in the Shenandoah valley beyond the Blue Ridge, -began to attract settlers the travel on the road past his house -became considerable, and as a matter of accommodation to the public -he opened an ordinary and kept a store for general merchandizing. -Neville's Ordinary was a land mark, and is to be found on Fry and -Jefferson's Map of Virginia, as well as on Governor Pownall's and -other early maps of Virginia. In 1750 Washington surveyed for Mr. -Neville 400 acres of land. By marriage George Neville was related -to the Fairfax family of Virginia. His wife, Ann Burroughs, -was a cousin to Lord Thomas Fairfax of "Greenway Court," the -proprietor of the Northern Neck of Virginia. Squire Neville and -his wife were blessed with a numerous family of healthy sons and -daughters, who inherited the sturdy virtues of their parents, and -who founded families for themselves, and whose descendants are -to be found throughout the southern and western states. Joseph -Neville, son of George, was a prosperous planter in the western -part of Prince William county, Va., in 1760. (See Washington's -Diary.) He served as a colonel in the Revolution, was one of the -commissioners for running the boundary line between Pennsylvania -and Virginia, and was a member of Congress 1793-5; died in Hardy -county, Va., 1819. John Neville, another son, was colonel of the -4th Virginia regiment in the Revolution, and brigadier-general -in the Pennsylvania militia at the close of the war. He was born -in Virginia 26 July, 1731. From his youth he had a fondness for -military affairs and served in the Braddock expedition, and also -in the Dunmore Indian war. He and his brothers were early and -life-long friends of General Washington, the acquaintance beginning -when they were youths. At an early date John Neville took up -considerable tracts of land in Frederick and Augusta counties, Va. -He resided for some years in the Shenandoah valley, being at one -time sheriff of Frederick county. He also acquired large tracts of -land on Chartier's creek in Pennsylvania, and had built himself -a house preparatory to taking up his residence there, when the -Revolutionary war began, in which he took an active and honorable -part. This event postponed, for some years, his removal with his -family to Pennsylvania. On the 24th August, 1754, he was united in -marriage to Winifred Oldham, by whom he had two children, a son -and a daughter, Presley and Amelia. Presley Neville married Nancy, -daughter of General Daniel Morgan, and they became the progenitors -of the large and influential family of Nevilles of Pittsburg, Pa. -Colonel Presley Neville, as he was called, served in the Revolution -for three years on the staff of General Lafayette. Amelia Neville -married Major Isaac Craig of the Revolution, and they became -the founders of the well known and esteemed family of Craigs of -Pittsburg.--_Eagle's Pennsylvania Genealogies._] - -[Footnote 5: Prince William county, Va., formed in 1730 from -Stafford and King George counties, embraced territory extending -from the Potomac river on the east to the summit of the Blue Ridge -on the west; it was divided from Loudoun county by the Occoquan and -Bull Run streams. Prior to 1822 the county seat was at Dumfries, -but at that date it was removed to Brentville.] - - -Saturday March 12^{th} this Morning M^r James Genn y^e surveyor[6] -came to us, we travel'd over y^e Blue Ridge[7] to Cap^t Ashbys[8] -on Shannondoah River,[9] Nothing remarkable happen'd. - -[Footnote 6: James Genn, a licensed surveyor in Virginia, much -employed by Lord Fairfax, and frequently mentioned by Washington, -and whose name often appears signed to surveys in which the latter -was engaged, as the surveyor or director, is doubtless the person -to whom reference is here made.] - -[Footnote 7: Blue Ridge--the most easterly of the mountain ranges -of the United States. The name properly restricted however, applies -especially to that portion of the Appalachian range south of -the Potomac river. In some parts of Pennsylvania it is known as -Kittatinny and at some places in Maryland as South Mountain. It -attains its greatest altitude in Virginia at the Peaks of Otter, -which are about 4,000 feet above sea level.] - -[Footnote 8: Capt. Ashby resided on the Shenandoah river above -Burwell's island and the great bend of that stream, at which place -he maintained a ferry and kept a house of entertainment. It was on -the natural line by which travel came from the tide-water region of -Virginia, through a gap in the Blue Ridge and across the Shenandoah -valley to the country beyond. Being a man of great courage and -usefulness, he was deservedly popular among the early settlers, and -his name was given not only to his ordinary but also to the gap -and to the ferry. There was, too, a Fort Ashby on Patterson creek, -near the town of Frankfort. There are numerous families bearing -the name of Ashby throughout the southern and western states, who -are probably descendants of this famous pioneer. General Turner -W. Ashby, an officer of distinction in the Confederate army, is -presumably of this family. The name still attaches to the gap in -the mountains, but it has been superseded at the old ferry.] - -[Footnote 9: Shenandoah river--this is the largest tributary of -the Potomac. The name is of Indian origin, and in the aboriginal -language is said to signify "the daughter of the stars." Kercheval, -in his History of the Valley of Virginia, says the name was first -written Gerando, then Sherandoch, and now we have Shenandoah. The -river has its head in Augusta county near the divide where the -head-waters of the James river take their rise. The Shenandoah -flows for about 170 miles through a broad valley over a limestone -bed between the North mountain on the one side and the Blue Ridge -on the other, to the Potomac river at Harper's Ferry. This valley -was the theater of many important military operations during the -late war. The name of Sherando is perpetuated in the name of a -post-office in Augusta county on the head-waters of the Shenandoah.] - - -Sunday March 13 Rode to his Lordships Quarter[10] about 4 Miles -higher up y River we went through most beautiful Groves of Sugar -Trees & spent y^e best part of y Day in admiring y^e Trees & -richness of y^e Land. - -[Footnote 10: Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord and Baron of Cameron, -born in England in 1691, died at his residence "Greenway Court," -Frederick county, Virginia, on the 12th of December, 1781. His -remains were interred within the Episcopal church of Winchester, -Va. His residence and other improvements were familiarly called -"Quarters" and "Hunting Lodge," chiefly because he had in -contemplation the erection of a commodious mansion. Lord Fairfax -was the son of Thomas, 5th Lord Fairfax and his wife Catherine, -daughter of Lord Culpeper, once governor of Virginia. He was -educated at Oxford and afterward held a commission in the British -army. He was a fine scholar, and is said to have been a contributor -to _The Spectator_. He succeeded to his father's title and to his -mother's extensive landed estate known as the "Northern Neck of -Virginia," lying between the Potomac and Rappahannock rivers and -estimated at 5,700,000 acres. For some years after coming into -possession of this property it was left in the hands of agents. He -finally employed his cousin, the Hon. William Fairfax, son of Henry -and Anne (Harrison) Fairfax, as his agent in the management of his -lands. About 1739 Lord Fairfax first visited his estate in America. -For a year he devoted himself to becoming thoroughly acquainted -with his possessions and then returned to England. Four years -later, in 1745, he returned to this country and for a time made his -home at "Belvoir," the seat of his relative and agent. - -A branch office for the sale of lands in the valley of Virginia, -had been opened in Frederick county in 1742. The main office and -records, however, were not removed from "Belvoir" until 1761. - -Lord Fairfax built for himself a stone lodge with quarters for -his servants, reserving around it a manor of 10,000 acres which -he called "Greenway Court." The lodge was about twelve miles -south-east of Winchester, at which place he purposed to build -a castle, but this was never erected. His lodge was, however, -sufficiently spacious for him to live in comfortably, and exercise -a generous hospitality. He possessed a good library and was -frequently visited by men of note whom he entertained in an elegant -manner. He was fond of the chase and took an active interest in the -management of his estate, as well as in the affairs of the colony, -as his letters fully prove. He identified himself with the people -as far as was practicable, and was deservedly popular. He served -as lieutenant of Frederick county in the militia organizations; -presided as one of the judges in the county courts at Winchester, -and was an overseer of the public roads. - -He met at "Belvoir," George Washington, when a youth, and, pleased -with his energy and talents, employed him to survey lands beyond -the Blue Ridge, which were to be sold. This was Washington's first -remunerated employment. The acquaintance thus begun, ripened into -a friendship that was cherished by both through life. - -Although a frank loyalist, his age and prudence in refraining -from all participation in the Revolutionary struggle, protected -him from being interfered with either by the government or by his -neighbors. He died at the age of ninety-three, before peace was -restored. His barony and its prerogatives, according to English -law, descended, in the absence of a son, to his eldest brother, -Robert, who thus became 7th Lord Fairfax. The latter died in Leeds -Castle, England, 1791, without a son. The baronial title then fell -to the Rev. Bryan Fairfax, of "Towlston Hall," Fairfax county, -Va., who died 7 August, 1802. The great landed estates with their -entails were, however, in effect confiscated by the success of the -Revolution. The Legislature of Virginia in 1785 passed an act in -relation to the "Northern Neck" to the following effect. "And be -it further enacted, that the land holders within the said district -of the Northern Neck shall be for ever hereafter exhonorated and -discharged from composition and quit rents, any laws, customs or -usage, to the contrary notwithstanding." Revised Code of the Laws -of Virginia, vol. 1, p. 351, 2, 3. "Greenway Court" was devised by -his lordship to his nephew, Rev. Denny Martin, residing in England, -on condition of his obtaining the consent of Parliament to change -his name to Fairfax. This was done, and he was afterward known as -"Denny, Lord Fairfax." Like his uncle, he left no children and -therefore bequeathed the estate to two maiden sisters in England. -The legatees of the Fairfax estate sold their interest to Chief -Justice John Marshall, Raleigh Colston, Esq. and General Henry Lee. -They divided it up and sold it out in small farms, and quieted the -titles. It is believed that no part of this vast body of Fairfax -land is now held by any member of the family.--_Sparks, Drake and -others._] - - -Monday 14^{th} We sent our Baggage to Cap^t Hites[11] (near -Frederick Town)[12] went ourselves down y^e River about 16 Miles to -Cap^t Isaac Penningtons (the Land exceeding Rich & Fertile all y^e -way produces abundance of Grain Hemp Tobacco &c^a) in order to Lay -of some Lands on Cates Marsh & Long Marsh.[13] - -[Illustration: Surveying - -A Plan of a piece of Meadow called Hell Hole Situate on the River -Potowmack near Little Hunting Creek] - -[Footnote 11: Capt. Joist Hite came to Virginia from Pennsylvania -in 1732 with his family, settled on the Opequon creek about five -miles south of the town of Winchester. The year before he had -bought from John and Isaac Van Meter a warrant for nearly 40,000 -acres of land in the Shenandoah valley which they had obtained -from Governor Gooch of Virginia in 1730. Capt. Hite brought with -him from Pennsylvania sixteen families, all of whom settled in the -same vicinity on fine arable ground. They were all judges of good -lands and devoted to agriculture. The descendants of Hite are quite -numerous throughout the southern and south-western states, and -many farms in the valley are still held under titles derived from -him. Kercheval says, Joist Hite built a stone house on the Opequon -shortly after his coming to the valley. It is still standing and -has a very ancient appearance though there are no discoverable -marks to fix the date. On the wall plate of a frame barn, however, -built by Hite, the figures "1747" are plainly marked and can still -be read.] - -[Footnote 12: "Frederick Town," properly Winchester, is the capital -of Frederick county, Va. The latter was formed out of Orange county -by Act of Assembly of Virginia in 1738, at the same time that -Augusta county was formed. The choice of this site for the capital -of the county was determined by the simple fact that a few hardy, -adventurous Indian traders, as early as 1732 or even before that -date, had built themselves cabins at this point known as the "Big -Shawane Springs." These settlers gradually attracted others until -a village was developed. This spring or one near it, an example of -the great springs which are to be found in most limestone regions, -furnishes the town of Winchester, to the present time, with an -abundant supply of pure potable water. The site of the town was, -all things considered, well chosen, in a fertile region and on -the line of travel, whether across the valley to the Alleghany -mountains and the waters of the Ohio river beyond, or along the -great valley of the Shenandoah. James Wood was the projector of -the town of Winchester, which was incorporated in 1752 by the -Assembly of Virginia. However, twenty-six lots had been laid out -and sold by James Wood prior to this. Lord Fairfax shortly after -this date made an addition to the town, and donated the ground -for an Episcopal church. Frederick county early took measures to -give protection to its settlers by building forts, making roads -and establishing ferries. Its productive soil at the same time -bountifully rewarded the husbandman for his labor. As the Frederick -county courts were held at Winchester, the people adopted the -southern habit of calling the place where the courts met by the -name of the county, thus it was frequently spoken of as Frederick -Town and is so designated in several of the early maps. Fort -Loudoun was erected here by direction of the Assembly of Virginia -in 1756, under the immediate supervision of Major Washington.] - -[Footnote 13: Cate's marsh and Long marsh--these are names of small -streams which flow from the foot hill of North mountain to the -Shenandoah river and have along their course considerable meadow -or marshy land. Long marsh is of sufficient importance to be named -upon the maps of Virginia.] - - -Tuesday 15^{th} We set out early with Intent to Run round y^e s^d -Land but being taken in a Rain & it Increasing very fast obliged -us to return, it clearing about one oClock & our time being too -Precious to Loose we a second time ventured out & Worked hard till -Night & then return'd to Penningtons we got our Suppers & was -Lighted into a Room & I not being so good a Woodsman as y^e rest -of my Company striped myself very orderly & went in to y^e Bed as -they called it when to my Surprize I found it to be nothing but a -Little Straw--Matted together without Sheets or any thing else but -only one thread Bear blanket with double its Weight of Vermin such -as Lice Fleas &c[14] I was glad to get up (as soon as y Light was -carried from us) I put on my Cloths & Lays as my Companions. Had we -not have been very tired I am sure we should not have slep'd much -that night I made a Promise not to Sleep so from that time forward -chusing rather to sleep in y. open Air before a fire as will appear -hereafter. - -[Footnote 14: For comments on fleas and other vermin see note 4. -Washington's "Rules of Civility and Decent Behaviour," p. 14, -Washington's association with frontiersmen in their primitive -cabins, which the position of a surveyor in the then almost -unbroken forest necessitated, was to him a new and peculiar -experience. His observations and reflections of the first few days -are recorded with a naivete which is truly charming.] - - -March y. 15^{th} 1747-8 Survey'd for George Fairfax Esqr. a Tract -of Land lying on Cates Marsh and Long Marsh Begining at three Red -Oaks Fx on a Ridge the N^o Side a Spring Branch being corner to -y^e 623 Acre Tract & Extending thence N^o 30° E^t 436 poles to a -Large Hickory and Red Oak Fx near John Cozines house thence N^o 60° -W^t 90 Poles to a Large White Oak Fx thence N^o 7° E^t 365 poles -to Long Marsh 420 poles to 2 Red Oaks and W: Oak in a Poyson'd -field[15] by a Road thence N^o 65° W^t 134 Poles to a W: Oak by -y^e s^d Marsh thence crossing y^e Marsh S^o 20° W^t 126 poles to -another Branch: of Long Marsh 218 poles to a Red Oak Fx thence -N^o 80° W^t 558 po: to a Large Red Oak & White Oak Fx in a Valley -thence S 25° W^t 144 poles to a Black Walnut in a Poysond Field by -a Lime stone Rock thence S^o 33½° E^t 96 to a White Oak thence S^o -20 E^t 316 po. to three Red Oaks in a Bottom in W^m Johnstones line -thence with Johnstones S^o 80° E^t 30 po to a Double Hickory Coll^o -Blackburns corner 114 po to 3 Hickorys Johnstones corner & corner -to y^e afores^d 623 Acre Tract thence along y^e lines thereof East -280 poles to 3 Red Oaks finally along another of the lines thereof -S 15° E^t 262 po. to y^e beginning - - HENRY ASHBY } _Chainmen_. - RICHARD TAYLOR } - ROBERT ASHBY _Marker_. - W^M LINDSY _Pilot_. - -[Footnote 15: This probably has reference to some pernicious weeds -unfavorable to tillage and injurious to grazing animals, as St. -John's wort. Farmers believe that this, and certain other noxious -weeds which occasionally invade pasture fields, cause sore mouths -and legs in horses and horned cattle and affect the milk of cows -grazing where it grows.] - - -Wednesday 16^{th} We set out early & finish'd about one oClock & -then Travell'd up to Frederick Town where our Baggage came to us -we cleaned ourselves (to get Rid of y. Game[16] we had catched y. -Night before) & took a Review of y. Town & thence return'd to our -Lodgings where we had a good Dinner prepar'd for us Wine & Rum -Punch[17] in Plenty & a good Feather Bed[18] with clean Sheets -which was a very agreeable regale. - -[Footnote 16: This facetious term "game," referring to his -misfortune the first night he lodged in the valley, has a touch of -humor in it; and while it is true that Washington was not given -to punning or indulging in witticisms, he was not deficient in -imagination or unappreciative of the exercise of this talent on -suitable occasions by others. He knew that good humor minimized -most of the petty annoyances of life.] - -[Footnote 17: The office and art of the surveyor were held in high -esteem by the early settlers. It is, therefore, not surprising that -the people for whom surveys were executed, made special efforts to -give the surveying parties good dinners, even going so far as to -set before them "wine and rum punch." I may add here that there -is neither tradition nor record that Washington was ever known to -have been indiscreet from youth to age in the use of wine or strong -drinks.] - -[Footnote 18: Feather beds, a great luxury in former times, have -nearly gone out of use among well-to-do people. By the wealthy, as -well as by the laborers, they were once a greatly prized comfort -and often devised by will as valuable inheritances. Hair, cotton -and spring mattresses have displaced them from popular favor, but -"clean sheets" belong to the category of comforts in even early -times and must be a delight and joy forever.] - - -Thursday 17^{th} Rain'd till Ten oClock & then clearing we reached -as far as Major Campbells one of there Burgesses about 25 Miles -from Town. nothing Remarkable this day nor Night but that we had a -Tolerable good Bed lay on. - -Fryday 18^{th} We Travell'd up about 35 Miles to Thomas Barwicks on -Potomack[19] where we found y. River so excessively high by Reason -of y. Great Rains that had fallen up about y. Allegany Mountains -as they told us which was then bringing down y. melted Snow & that -it would not be fordable for severall Days it was then above Six -foot Higher than usual & was rising we agreed to stay till Monday -we this day call'd to see y. Fam'd Warm Springs[20] we camped out -in y. field this Night Nothing Remarkable happen'd till sonday y. -20^{th} - -[Footnote 19: Cohongoruton--the Indian name by which the Potomac -river was known to the Six Nations and other tribes of Indians. -From its head-waters, to Point Lookout in the Chesapeake bay, this -stream is the dividing line between Maryland and Virginia.] - -[Footnote 20: The "Warm Springs," now known as "Bath" or "Berkeley -Springs," were already famed, as Washington notes, in 1747. They -were deservedly popular for many years, but their remoteness -and the difficulty of access to them, with the competition of -other resorts more easily reached, prevented their receiving the -attention which the value of their waters merited. A settlement -sprang up about the springs at an early date, which finally -became a prosperous village under the name of Bath, and was made -the county seat when, in 1820, the county of Morgan was formed. -Washington bought lots here, built a cottage and stables, and -passed summers here with his family. His half-brother, Lawrence, -spent nearly a year at the springs for the benefit of his health -before going to England and later to Barbadoes. The property-right -in the springs is in the state of Virginia, and is held for the -benefit of the public.] - - -Sonday 20^{th} finding y. River not much abated we in y. Evening -Swam our horses over & carried them to Charles Polks in Maryland -for Pasturage till y. next Morning. - -Monday 21^{st} We went over in a Canoe & Travell'd up Maryland side -all y. Day in a Continued Rain to Coll^o Cresaps[21] right against -y. Mouth of y. South Branch[22] about 40 Miles from Polks I believe -y. worst Road that ever was trod by Man or Beast. - -[Footnote 21: Cresap, Col. Thomas, the founder of the family in -America, was born in Skipton, Yorkshire, England, and at the age -of about fifteen came to America. Some five years later he resided -at Havre-de-Grace, Md., where he married a Miss Johnson. Removing -thence to Wright's Ferry, opposite the town of Columbia, where -he obtained a Maryland title to a 500 acre tract of land called -"Peach Bottom," and built himself a small stone house. The land, -however, was on disputed territory, and claimants under the laws -of Pennsylvania finally dispossessed him. His next move was to a -locality in what is now Washington county, Md., where he located -and settled upon a tract of 1,400 acres on the Antietam creek, -called "Long Meadows," and began trading with the Indians. After -collecting a large lot of furs and skins he shipped them to England -but was financially ruined through the capture of the vessel by -the French. Unable to repay money he had borrowed from Mr. Dulany, -of Maryland, he gave up to him his land, and moved farther west, -built a cabin a few miles above the junction of the north and -south branches of the Potomac, on the Maryland side, at a place -which became known as "Old Town," but which he called Skipton, the -name of his Yorkshire birthplace. This frontier spot became his -permanent residence, where he eventually owned a large body of land -on both sides of the Potomac. From his familiarity with the Indians -and their habits and character, he was enabled to carry on with -great advantage his trade with them and in time became the most -important frontiersman of his day in Maryland. He took part with -the Washingtons, Lee, Mason and others in the formation and early -operations of "The Ohio Company," and in all matters of dealing -with the Indians and prospecting for wild lands was the Company's -chief dependence. With the aid of Namacolin, a noted Indian hunter, -he laid out the first road over the Alleghany mountains to the -head-waters of the Ohio. Gen. Braddock's expedition, and later -the National road, followed nearly the same route. The attention -attracted to the Ohio region through this Company's explorations, -made it increasingly important to both England and France to -possess and control the lands beyond the Ohio. This vigilance -precipitated the war that drove out the French and secured to -England and America the vast dominion known as the Northwest. - -Col. Cresap's literary acquirements were small, but he had a -vigorous mind, strong common sense, and was not deficient in -practical self-education. He was one of the surveyors of Prince -George's county which, at that period, embraced all the western -part of Maryland. January 1, 1745, he surveyed for Gov. Thomas -Bladen "Walnut Bottom" just below the mouth of Wills creek. He -frequently represented his county in the Legislature and being -noted for his clear understanding, sound judgment, firmness and -courage, was esteemed one of the best legislators his county ever -had. He was of medium stature, firmly set, of sound constitution, -and lived to the uncommon age of 105 or 106. He was twice -married, the second time at the age of 80; by his first wife he -had five children; three sons, Daniel, Thomas and Michael, and two -daughters, Sarah and Elizabeth. Captain Michael Cresap was the -person upon whom Thomas Jefferson fixed the stigma of the murder of -the relatives of Logan. Jefferson having transmitted the pathetic -speech of the Indian chief to the Abbe Raynal as an evidence of the -original power of oratory of the aboriginal American, it is claimed -more in a spirit of literary conceit than of conviction; however -he failed during his life to correct the injustice done Cresap, -although he was repeatedly furnished with the evidence exculpating -Cresap and fixing the barbarous act on one Great-house. At his -home, Col. Cresap dispensed, for his time and means, a generous -hospitality to all callers, in a region where, as yet, no public -houses were to be found. He kept a big kettle ready suspended to -place a fire under, near a spring for the use of the Indians who -often passed his place, and for this reason they designated him -the "Big Spoon." Lord Baltimore employed him to run a survey of -the western line of Maryland, and to ascertain which of the two -branches of the Potomac was the largest. His autograph map of this -survey is still preserved in the archives of the state of Maryland.] - -[Footnote 22: The South Branch of the Potomac, of which the Indian -name was Wappotomaka, rises in Pendleton county, West Virginia, -among the spurs of the Alleghany and North mountains, and meets -the North Branch about 20 miles below Cumberland, Md. The latter -branch has been accepted as the dividing line between Maryland -and Virginia, although now known to be neither as long nor as -large as the South Branch. A line drawn due north from the extreme -head-waters of the South Branch would run ten miles to the west of -a parallel line from the head springs of the North Branch, thus -proving the loss by Maryland of this strip of territory, as well -as the region between the two branches, had the South Branch been -taken instead of the North Branch as the main river referred to -in the Royal Charter, and made the line separating the contiguous -colonies. The valley through which the South Branch flows is broad -and its lands very fertile, causing them to be much sought after -for farms by the hardy pioneers in the early days before the -Revolution. It was then familiarly known as the "upper tract" of -Virginia.] - - -Tuesday 22^d Continued Rain and y. Freshes kept us at Cresaps. - -Wednesday 23^d Rain'd till about two oClock & Clear'd when we were -agreeably surpris'd at y. sight of thirty odd Indians coming from -War with only one Scalp[23] We had some Liquor with us of which we -gave them Part it elevating there Spirits put them in y. Humour of -Dauncing of whom we had a War Daunce[24] there manner of Dauncing -is as follows Viz They clear a Large Circle & make a Great Fire in -y. middle then seats themselves around it y. Speaker makes a grand -Speech telling them in what Manner they are to Daunce after he has -finish'd y. best Dauncer Jumps up as one awaked out of a Sleep & -Runs & Jumps about y. Ring in a most comicle Manner he is followed -by y. Rest then begins there Musicians to Play y^e Musick is a Pot -half of Water with a Deerskin Streched over it as tight as it can & -a goard with with some Shott in it to Rattle & a Piece of an horses -Tail tied to it to make it look fine y. one keeps Rattling and y. -other Drumming all y. while y. others is Dauncing - -[Footnote 23: Scalp--a term applied to the tissues covering the -human head, and embracing all the hairy integuments and flattened -muscles from the back of the skull to the brow above the eyes. -Taking the scalp of an enemy, living or dead, has been held from -remote times as a special sign of victory and token of triumph. -The North American Indians, particularly during the early colonial -wars, took the scalps of their enemies, preserving and exhibiting -them with savage pride and occasionally wearing them as decorations -and trophies. The assembly of Virginia, in 1755, established a -reward of £10 for every scalp of a male Indian above the age of -twelve (Hening's Statutes, vol. VI, p. 551). In 1757 this sum was -raised to £15, and £30 more for every scalp taken within the next -two years (Hening, VII, p. 122). Maryland and Pennsylvania also -offered rewards for Indian scalps.] - -[Footnote 24: The war dance of the Indians probably had a -significance to their minds not understood by civilized man, and -was not to them the meaningless custom it seems to us. It has -frequently been described and painted by eye-witnesses. In 1857 -Virtue, Emmins & Co. copyrighted a very effective engraving of a -war dance in the forest, arranged from Washington's description of -it in this journal.] - - -Fryday 25^{th} 1748 Nothing Remarkable on thursday but only being -with y. Indians all day so shall slip it this day left Cresaps & -went up to y. mouth of Patersons Creek[25] & there swam our Horses -over got over ourselves in a Canoe & traveld up y. following Part -of y. Day to Abram Johnstones 15 Miles from y^e Mouth where we -camped. - -[Footnote 25: Paterson Creek rises in Hampshire county, West -Virginia, and empties into the Potomac about twelve miles below -Cumberland, Md. On the old maps of Evans, Hutchins and Lewis, -the name is given as _Pattison_. There are large tracts of good, -arable land along the valley and bottoms adjacent to this stream. -They began to attract settlements a little before the time Fort -Cumberland was built. Fort Ashby was also erected to protect -settlers along this stream.] - - -Saterday 26 Travelld up y^e Creek to Solomon Hedges Esqr one of his -Majestys Justices of y^e Peace for y^e County of Frederick where we -camped when we came to Supper there was neither a Cloth upon y^e -Table nor a Knife to eat with but as good luck would have it we had -Knives of own.[26] - -[Footnote 26: Knife and fork at table.--Polished nations have -usages which, at first view, appear natural or common to all -mankind. This, however, is not the fact. That there was a period -in the history of our race when the knife and fork were unknown to -the furnishings of the table, cannot well be doubted; and there -was even a time when the table itself was not deemed an essential. -At the present day the idea of eating a meal at table without the -accompaniment of a knife and fork would excite disgust; their -absence, however, in a remote Virginia mountain cabin in 1747-8 -as here recorded, simply shows that they had not been provided -nor deemed essential to the life of a hunter, not an ignorance -of their use, as the two-pronged, iron, table fork was in common -use at that period throughout the settlements in all the American -colonies. It is nevertheless true that the knife and fork now -deemed so necessary at table, are a much more modern convenience -than is generally supposed. The king of Hungary, Coevinus, toward -the close of the fifteenth century, as related by Galeotus -Martius, ate his meat with his fingers as did all the guests at -table. In Italy, the fork was, to a limited extent, in use at this -time among the nobility. In France, at the end of the sixteenth -century, forks were comparatively new at court. The use of the -table fork is referred to in "_Washington's Rules of Civility and -Decent Behaviour_," and in Hawkins' Youths' Companion, the source -of these rules printed about 1650. The knife is perhaps one of -the most ancient of instruments, it was made of different metals -and in a great variety of forms. The table knife was, however, -contemporary with the fork. According to Chamberlin it was first -made in England, in 1563. The use of the fork at table spread to -Europe from Venice, in Italy. In 1608 it was brought to England -by Thomas Coryate who, while traveling, observed its use in Italy -and continued it himself on his return to England. (See his work -entitled "Crudities.") It is rather disappointing that neither -the Greeks nor Romans have even a name for the table fork. The -flesh fork, called _creagra_, with a long handle, for cooks to -take meat out of a boiling pot, was known and used by the Hebrews -and the Greeks. But had the table fork been used by the latter or -by the Romans, some specimens would have been found among those -extensive ruins which have been so carefully explored by modern -investigators. It is known that some articles have been found, the -use of which conjecture assigns to the table, but they are not -forks and the surmise is not generally credited. The Chinese, who -claim to have led the rest of the world in most of the economic -inventions, seem to have overlooked the table fork and do not even -now use it in cutting or conveying food to the mouth but employ in -its stead the "chop sticks" which, it must be said in their praise, -they use with skill and dexterity. It should be stated that large -bronze forks were used by the Egyptians in presenting offerings to -the gods. It is unpleasant to represent the tables of our ancestors -of a few centuries back as without forks, yet this certainly was -the fact. The silver table fork, which also had its evolution from -two to four prongs, was first manufactured in 1662 by Heylin. - -The small knife, formerly worn by gentlemen at their girdles, -was used by them, not only as a weapon of defense, but also as -an article of convenience in cutting their meat. However, the -ancient custom of serving food at table was to have a servant cut -meats and other food into small morsels before distributing it to -guests. The wealthy employed a person whose special duty it was to -carve the meats into proper and convenient pieces and his was the -only knife in the dining hall. When the fork was first introduced -into England, its employment was ridiculed as an effeminate -practice, as may be seen in the plays of Beaumont and Fletcher, -and others where the persons using it are referred to as "your -fork-carving-traveler."] - - -Sunday 27^{th} Travell'd over to y. South Branch attended with y. -Esqr to Henry Vanmetriss[27] in order to go about Intended Work of -Lots[28] - -[Footnote 27: Henry Van Metre or Meter.--There was a numerous -family of the Van Meters in Virginia and they were among the -earliest settlers in the valley of the Shenandoah, on the South -Branch and along the upper Potomac. Kercheval, in his History of -the Valley of Virginia, says this family came from New York and New -Jersey. It is evident that they were people of energy and thrift, -judges of good land. At a period antedating the settlements in -the valley, it is stated by this historian that a John Van Meter, -a sort of wandering Indian trader, of New York, accompanied the -Delaware Indians in a war party against the Catawbas; but the -Catawbas anticipating the attack, surprised and defeated the -Delawares in a battle fought near where the present court-house -of Pendleton stands. John Van Meter escaped and returned to New -York, but he was so impressed with the beauty and fertility of the -lands on the South Branch bottom in Hardy county, that he advised -his sons to secure lands and locate there. Of these sons, Isaac -became a man of note and frequently represented Hardy county in the -House of Delegates of Virginia. He was a member of the Virginia -Convention of 1788 which ratified the Federal Constitution. In -1730, it is a matter of history that John and Isaac Van Metre, -brothers, obtained from Gov. Gooch, of Virginia, a warrant for -40,000 acres of land to be located west of the mountains. This -warrant, or a part of it, they sold to Joist Hite. A number of -tracts on the original warrant were surveyed in the vicinity of -Shepherdstown. The name of Van Meter is still frequently met with -throughout West Virginia and has its monument in a stream forming -the north-western boundary line of Jefferson county and emptying -into the Potomac, and named on the maps of Virginia Van Meter's -Marsh. A controversy as to the validity of the Van Metre patent -was raised in 1738 by Lord Fairfax and taken into the courts for -adjudication. Lord Fairfax contending that his grants covered the -whole of the western end of the northern neck, while the holders -claimed that the governor, under authority from the crown, had -disposing power. This conflict as to title was a source of much -litigation, and was not finally settled until after the Revolution, -when all the parties to the original suits were dead.] - -[Footnote 28: Lots.--This term, as used by surveyors, indicates -portions, tracts, divisions and subdivisions of land. Each survey, -lot or division when plotted is usually indicated by some name or -device, as a number, a letter, or a symbol. So that each can then -be described and referred to in a deed or an advertisement, and its -location and boundaries be accurately and systematically defined -and described in a book of land records.] - - -Monday 28^{th}: Travell'd up y Branch about 30 Miles to M^r James -Rutlidges[29] Horse Jockey & about 70 Miles from y^e Mouth - -[Footnote 29: James Rutledge.--Kercheval, in his History of the -Valley of Virginia, says that prominent among the earliest -settlers on the South Branch, before the arrival of the Van Meters, -were the Howards, Coburns, Walkers and Rutledges.] - - -Tuesday 29^{th} This Morning went out & Survey'd five Hundred Acres -of Land & went down to one Michael Stumps on y^e S^o Fork of y^e -Branch on our way Shot two Wild Turkies[30] - -[Footnote 30: The wild turkey.--This is the largest and finest of -our game birds and, although native to North America, it bears a -foreign name from the following circumstances. Specimens of the -living bird, as well as its eggs, were sent by the early Jesuit -missionaries to the old world on Spanish and Portuguese ships, -entering Europe through Portugal. It was as yet unnamed, and was -at first referred to by writers of that period merely as the -"Jesuit bird." As it became known, the demand for the stranger was -supplied chiefly from Turkey where, for some reason, it thrived -exceedingly well, and in time it came to be familiarly spoken of -as "the turkey." Gradually becoming tame, and proving to be quite -prolific, it was recognized as a great addition to the luxuries of -the table. Speedily becoming a favorite in every country to which -it was taken, the great forests and game preserves throughout -Europe were gradually stocked with it and it was also raised as -a domestic fowl. To-day the American turkey, derived as stated, -is found wild in all the great forests of the old world, while -the domesticated bird is abundantly raised everywhere in Europe -for the markets. In ancient times, we are told, the choicest game -fowls brought to a feast were pheasants and peacocks. Emigrants -to America brought over with them the domesticated bird to its -native land, but under a borrowed name. Washington, in his journal, -April 7, 1748, records the fact that one of his men that day had -killed a wild turkey weighing 20 pounds. The domesticated bird, -when permitted to attain the age of two or three years, and being -well fed during the winter months, often reaches the weight of 30 -pounds or more. As marking in a degree the devastation of the late -war and the enforced abandonment of plantations in the section of -Virginia adjacent to the city of Washington, it is a fact worthy -of record, that in 1876 the newspapers chronicled the news that -the thickets and pine forests which were grown up since the armies -left were tenanted by wild deer and turkeys; foxes, etc. And to -this day, December 25, 1890, wild turkeys are brought to the -Washington market killed in Fairfax county, Va., within ten miles -of Washington city.--_Gentlemen's Magazine._] - - -March 29^{th}: 1748 Survey'd for M^r James Rutlidge y^e following -a piece of Land Beginning at 3 W. O. in y^e Mannor Line[31] by a -Path leading to y. Clay Lick[32] & Extending thence N^o 44° W^t 164 -po. to a White Oak by a Drain at y^e foot of a Mountain thence N^o -46° E^t 487 po. to 2 White Oaks near a Branch call'd Clay Lick Run -thence S^o 44° E^t 164 po. to 2 W: O: & a Hickory in y^e Mannor -line Finally along y^e Mannor line Reversed S^o 46° W^t 487 po to -y. Beginning - - HENRY ASHBY } _Chainmen_ - RICHARD TAYLOR } - W^M DUNCAN _Marker_ - -[Footnote 31: Manor line.--In colonial times there were a number of -manors, or great landed estates, granted under the then existing -laws of England, to persons of note and quality in Virginia and -in some of the other provinces. Holders of such estates enjoyed -special rights and privileges. Manors were formerly called baronies -and entitled the rightful possessor to lordships, and such lord -or baron was empowered to hold domestic courts for redressing -misdemeanors, nuisances and settling disputes among tenants. Among -the manors of limited privileges in Virginia may be enumerated the -"manor of Greenway Court," with a domain of 10,000 acres. The great -"manor of Leeds," which has figured so extensively in the courts of -Virginia, contained 150,000 acres within the counties of Culpeper, -Fauquier and Frederick. The "South Branch manor," in Hardy county, -embraced 55,000 acres; "Paterson Creek manor," in Hampshire county, -9,000 acres; and "Goony Run manor," adjoining that of Leeds and -lying chiefly in Shenandoah county, 13,000 acres. "Beverley's -manor," for the most part in Augusta county, consisted of 118,411 -acres, and "Fairfax manor," in Hampshire, of 10,000 acres. There -were still other manors in different parts of the state. In New -York under the Dutch government the baron or proprietor of the -manor lands was called the patroon.] - -[Footnote 32: Clay lick.--Names of places or streams with the word -_lick_ either prefixed or affixed to them, such as "Salt lick," -"Blue lick," "Grass lick," "Licking creek," etc., were usually -given in consequence of the presence of some saline matter in -the springs, streams or soil which attracted the wild animals -and caused them to lick for the salt. Hunters in new settlements -often built what they called _blinds_ near these licks in which to -conceal themselves, and waited there for the game to come, as they -were pretty sure to do, almost daily, and at times in considerable -numbers, when they could be readily killed.] - - -Wednesday 30^{th} This Morning began our Intended Business of -Laying of Lots we began at y^e Boundary Line of y^e Northern 10 -Miles above Stumps & run of two Lots & returnd to Stumps - -The Courses & Distances of y^e Several Lots lay'd of on y^e S^o -Fork of Wappacomo[33] Began March 30^{th}. 1748 - -[Footnote 33: "Wappacomo," also spelled "Wappatomaka," was the -Indian name for the South Branch of the Potomac. This stream -courses through a fine valley from its head-springs in Pendleton -county, and has many considerable branches rising among the spurs -of the Alleghany mountains on the one side and the North or -Cacapehon (Capon) mountain on the other, the latter separating -it from the valley of Virginia on the east. The great or most -noted fork of the South Branch is at Morefield in Hardy county. -Washington surveyed much of the land in that section. The young -farmers seeking good lands had come in taken up considerable tracts -and built improvements before surveys were made or any effort to -prove rights from either Lord Fairfax or the governor of Virginia.] - - -Lot y^e 1^{st} Peter Reeds Begins at a Box Oak & Hickory F in y. -Boundary line about 20 po. above a Large Spring on y^e West side -y^e Fork in a Hollow of y^e Mountains and extending thence N^o 65° -E^t 320 Po. to a White O: and Hickory on y^e Mountain side thence -S^o 60° E^t 300 Po: Crossing y^e Fork at 106 P: to 2 Spanish Oaks -and W: O on y^e Top of a Hill thence S^o 65 W^t 96 to a White Oak -on y^e Top of a Hill thence S^o 45 W^t 114 po. to a W: O on a Run -thence S^o 13 W^t 148 to a Pine thence S 45° W^t 28 po. to 2 R == -O: bushes in y^e Boundary line thence along y. same to y^e Beginning - -Lot the 2^d Begins at a W: O & Hickory on a Mountain side Corner to -Lot y^e 1^{st} extending y^e Line S^o 60° E^t 300 po. to 2 Spanish -Oaks and W: O on a Hill thence N^o 30′ E^t 214 po to 2 W: O near a -Branch thence N^o 60° W^t 244 po to y. S^o Fork 300 po. to a Ledge -of Rocks on a Mountain side thence S^o 30 W^t 214 to y^e Beginning. - -Thursday 31^{st} Early this Morning one of our Men went out with -y^e Gun & soon Returnd with two Wild Turkies we then went to our -Business run of three Lots & returnd to our Camping place at Stumps - - -March 31^{st} - -Lot the 3^d Begins at Ledge of Rocks corner to Lot 2^d extendth -thence along y^e s^d line S^o 60 E^t 300 po to 2 W: O near a Branch -thence N^o 30 E^t 214 po to a Pine on a Hillside near a Run thence -N^o 60° W^t 78 to y. Bottom Ground 202 po. to y^e River and 244 -po. to a Pine by a Rock on y. Mountain side thence to y^e Beginning -S. 30 W^t 224 P. - -Lot 4^{th} this Lot survey'd myself Beginning at a Pine by a Rock -on a mountain side Corner to Lot 3^d & Running the s^d line S^o 60° -244 Poles to a Pine on a Hill side near a Run thence N^o 30° E^t -262 P^o to 2 Chesnut Oaks and a Pine thence N^o 60° W^t 98 Pole -to y^e Low Grounds 164 to y^e Fork and 244 P. to a R: O on a Rock -thence S^o 30 W^t 262 Po to y. Beginning - -Lot 5^{th} Begins at a Red O on a Rock Corner to Lot 4^{th} & -extendeth thence S^o 60 E^t 244 Poles to 2 Chesnut Oaks & a Pine -thence N^o 30 E^t 262 Po. to a W: O by a Run thence N^o 60 W^t 154 -po to an ash 108 po to y^e Fork thence N^o 86 W^t 38 xing y^e Fork -78 xing it again and 100 Po: to a R: O on y^e mountain Side thence -S 30 W^t 262 Po to y^e Beg^g - - -[April 1^{st}] - -Lot y^e 6^{th} Anthony Regar Begins at a Red Oak on a Mountain side -Corner to Lot y^e 5^{th} and extending thence along y^e s^d Line -S^o 86 E^t 100 po. to an Ash thence with another of y^e s^d lines -S^o 60 E^t 154 po: to a white Oak by a Run thence N^o 30 E^t 256 -po to 3 pines on a Hill side thence N^o 60 W^t 200 po: to y^e Low -Grounds 320 po to a Poplar standing in y^e Fork thence to y^e Beg^g - -Lot y^e 7^{th} Harmon Shoker & Elias Cellars Begins at a Poplar -standing on y^e S^o Fork Corner to Lot y^e 6^{th} & Running along -y^e Line S^o 60 E^t 244 po to a Pine on a Hill side thence N 30 E^t -262 po by 2 Marked Pines thence N^o 60 W^t 46 po to y^e Low G: 140 -to y^e Fork and 244 po to a Stone on y^e side of a Mountain thence -to y^e Begin^g S 30 W^t - -Lot y^e 8^{th} Vacant[34] Beginning at a Rock corner to lot 7 & -Running along y^e Line thereof S^o 60 E^t 244 po by 2 Pines thence -N^o 35 E^t 266 po. to 3 Chesnut Oaks on a Steep Hill side thence -N^o 55 E^t 54 po. to y^e Low Grounds 80 po. to y^e Fork 190 po -to y^e farr Edge of y^e Low G: 244 po. to a Chesnut Oak on y^e -Mountain side thence to y^e Begining - -[Footnote 34: Vacant--this term, as used by surveyors, indicates -that the tract of land so designated is neither claimed by an -actual occupant or occupied by virtue of any official record. -Many of the settlers on the lands of Lord Fairfax selected their -farms and made improvements without any legal survey, warrant or -title, other than a "tomahawk blaze" for a boundary mark, trusting -that the actual owner of the land would recognize the improvement -and occupant's claim and deal justly by them. These "tomahawk -claims" were respected by the actual settlers, had a market value -among land speculators and were admitted, to a certain extent, as -evidence of rights in the courts.] - - -Fryday April y^e 1^{st} 1748 This Morning Shot twice at Wild -Turkies but killd none run of three Lots & returned to Camp - -Saterday April 2^d Last Night was a blowing & Rainy night Our Straw -catch'd a Fire y^t we were laying upon & was luckily Preserv'd by -one of our Mens awaking when it was in a @@whitespace@@ we run of -four Lots this Day which Reached below Stumps - - -April 2^d - -Lot y^e 9^{th} - -Begining at Chesnut Oak on y^e Mountain side corner to Lot 8^{th} -& Running along y^e Line thereof S^o 55 E^t 244 po to 3 Chesnut -Oaks on a Steep Side thence N^o 35 E^t 262 po to 2 Chesnut Oaks & a -White Oak thence N^o 65 E^t 80 to y^e Low G: 126 po to y^e Fork 244 -po to a Hickory at y^e Foot of the Mountain thence to y^e Beginning -S^o 35 W^t 262 po this Lot is very Good - -Lot 10^{th} Michael Calb Liveron Begining at a Hickory Corner to -Lot y^e 9^{th} & Runing along y^e Line S^o 55 E^t 244 Pole to 2 -Chesnut Oaks thence N^o 35 E^t 262 po to 2 pines & a spanish Oak -on y^e Top of a Hill thence N^o 55 W^t 84 po to y^e Low G: 230, po -to y^e Fork 270 po to a Red O: on y^e Mountain Side thence to y^e -Beginning - -Lot y^e 11^{th} Leonard Nave Beginning at a Red O: on y^e Mountain -side Corner to Lot y^e 10^{th} & Running along y^e Line S 55 E^t -270 Po to 2 Pines on y^e Top of a Hill thence N^o 35 E^t 262 po. to -a Pine on a Hill side thence N^o 55 E 180 po to y^e Bottom 248 po -to y^e Fork 274 to an Ash at y^e Foot of y^e Mountain thence to y^e -Beg. - -Lot 12^{th} Michael Stumps Begins at an Ash at y^e Foot of y^e -Mountain Corner to Lot 11 & Running along y^e Line S^o 55 E^t 274 -Po: to a Pine thence N^o 25 E^t 320 po to 2 Pines thence N^o 65 W^t -188 po to y^e Low G: 280 po to 2 Sycamores & a White Wood tree -Standing on y^e Fork thence up and Crossing y^e Fork to y^e Begg - -Sunday 3^d Last Night was a much more blostering night than y^e -former we had our Tent Carried Quite of with y^e Wind and was -obliged to Lie y^e Latter part of y^e night without covering there -came several Persons to see us this day one of our Men Shot a Wild -Turkie - -Monday 4^{th} this morning M^r Fairfax left us with Intent to go -down to y^e Mouth of y^e Branch we did two Lots & was attended by -a great Company of People Men Women & Children that attended us -through y^e Woods as we went showing there Antick tricks I really -think they seem to be as Ignorant a Set of People as the Indians -they would never speak English but when spoken to they speak all -Dutch[35] this day our Tent was blown down by y^e Violentness of -y^e Wind - -[Footnote 35: Dutch.--As early as 1730 there was a considerable -settlement in the Shenandoah valley, of German immigrants and their -descendants, who had first settled in Pennsylvania and then removed -to, and taken up lands in, the valley of Virginia. They selected, -chiefly, the good limestone lands with their centers of population -near the head-waters of the Opequon creek, in Shenandoah, and the -south-western part of Frederick county. They were all Protestants -in religion. The town of Woodstock was originally and exclusively -settled by Germans. The bill for its incorporation was reported to -the House of Burgesses of Va., by Col. George Washington in 1761. -For many years the German language was exclusively spoken in their -settlement, and German customs and religious observances were -retained with tenacity, their remoteness and seclusion securing -to them almost perfect freedom from innovations. The Revolution -found them patriotic supporters of the colony as against the -pretensions of Great Britain. It was in the town of Woodstock, -Shenandoah county, that Maj.-Gen. John Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg, -minister of the Lutheran church, dressed in his uniform and with -his sword buckled on, preached a farewell sermon in 1776, to a -sympathizing and patriotic congregation, and the next day marched -as colonel at the head of his German regiment, known subsequently -as the 8th Virginia, to join the Continental army. Such names of -places as Strasburg, Hamburg, Mecklenburg, the latter now known as -Shepherdstown, etc., perpetuate the fact that many of the earliest -settlers in that section were German.--See Kercheval, p. 158.] - - -April 4^d - -Lot y^e 13 Vacant Begins at 2 Sycamores and a White Wood Tree -standing on y^e fork Corner to Lot 12^{th} & Running along y^e -Line S^o 65 E^t 280 po. to 2 pines thence N^o 25 E^t 228 Po. to a -Spanish Oak thence N^o 65 W^t 206 to y^e Low G: 248 po to y^e Fork -280 to a Rock Stone on y^e Mountain Side thence to the Beginning S -25 W^t 228 poles - -Lot 14^{th} James Simson's Begins at a Rock Stone on y^e Mountain -Side Corner to Lot y^e 13^{th} & Runs thence S^o 65 E^t 280 pole to -a Spanish Oak thence N^o 25 E^t 228 pole to a Large Hickory in a -Vally thence N^o 65 W^t 108 to y^e Low G: 180 pole to y^e Fork 280 -pole to 3 Red Oaks on y^e Mountain side near a Spring Branch thence -to y^e Beginning S 25 W^t 228 pole this Lot I survay'd. - -The Courses of y^e Fork from Lot 14^{th} Down to y^e Mannor Line -Beginning at 2 Red Bud Trees[36] & a Black Walnut on y^e West side -y^e Fork & Running Down y^e Several Courses of y^e Fork N^o 9 E^t -19 po N^o 34 W^t 12 po N^o 15 E^t 22 po N^o 39 E^t 24 po N^o 12 E^t -23 po N^o 17 W^t 66 po N 6 E^t 42 po opposite to Henry Harris's -house N^o 26 W^t 20 po West 32 op Phillip Moors house bears N^o 86 -W^t N^o 23 W^t 48 po to a Blazed Tree[37] from here Phillip Moors -house bears S^o 54 W^t N^o 6 W^t 33 po N^o 28 E^t 26 po N^o 73 E^t -28 po N^o 7 W^t 85 po to a blazed tree N^o 45 W^t 24 po. y^e Widow -Wolfs[38] house bears S^o 52 W^t about 60 po. N^o 65 W^t 27 po S^o -84 W^t 18 po. S 50 W^t 14 po S. 19 W 20 po N^o 67 W^t 22 po. N^o 28 -W^t 23 po. S^o 78 W^t 29 po N^o 71 W^t 25 po. N^o 39 W^t 19 po N^o -3 W^t 24 po. xx N^o 60 W^t 20 po N^o 39 W^t 20 po N^o 8 E^t 46 po -to an Ash black Walnut & White Walnut in y^e Mannor Line on y^e s^d -fork thence S^o 36 W^t along y^e Mannor Line 320 poles to 2 W: O & -a R: O. - -[Footnote 36: The Red Bud or Judas tree.--A common tree that grows -wild in the United States. In botany it is known as the "_Cercis -Canadensis_," and often grows to the height of 30 feet or more. -It flowers in April, clothing its limbs in a reddish-purple bloom -for a week or ten days before its leaves appear, and from this -circumstance it is popularly called red bud.] - -[Footnote 37: Blazed trees.--These are surveyors' marks made -on trees to proclaim and identify certain routes or lines. The -"blaze" is made by removing with an axe a strip of the outer bark -of a tree or sapling, for about a foot in length and well into -the inner bark. In the future growth of the tree a lighter color -marks the cicatrix which rarely ever wholly disappears. Surveyors, -to distinguish corner trees in a survey, not only blaze the sides -of the tree in the direction their lines run but cut three small -notches through the bark which will remain distinct during the life -of the tree.] - -[Footnote 38: Widow Wolf.--There was a Fort Wolf on Stony creek a -few miles south-west of Woodstock, erected by the Germans at an -early period in the settlement of the valley; there is also a marsh -or creek named Wolf's marsh, which empties into the Shenandoah -about twelve miles above Ashby's Ferry. Possibly these were so -called from the name of this widow's husband.] - - -Tuesday 5^{th} We went out & did 4 Lots we were attended by y^e -same Company of People y^t we had y^e day before - - -April y^e 5^{th} 1748 - -Lot y^e 15^{th} Phillip Moore Beginning at Lot y^e 14^{th} on y^e -Fork & Running down y^e Meanders to y^e first Blazed Tree a Black -Oak on y^e Fork thence S^o 69 W^t 80 to y^e Edge of y^e Low G: 226 -po to a Spanish Oak thence S^o 41 E^t 296 po. to a White Oak on a -Mountain side thence N^o 40 E^t 38 po to 3 Red Oaks on a Mountain -side near a Spring Branch this Lot very good - -Lot y^e 16^{th} and 17^{th} Widow Wolfs and Henry Sheplars a Black -Smith by trade Begins at a Black Walnut on y^e Fork & Runs S^o 17 W -76 po to a Red Oak & Hickory 90 po Crossing y^e Road about 20 po: -above y^e house 226 po to 2 W: O thence N^o 41 W^t 96 po to 2 White -Oaks in y^e Mannor line to y^e River the line of y^e 16^{th} Lot -from y^e 2 W: O S 41 E^t - -Lot 18^{th} Jeremiah Osborne's Begins at a Sycamore on y^e Fork & -extending N^o 80 E^t 215 po. to a Chesnut Oak thence South 280 po -to a W: O near a Hickory Corner to Lot y^e 14^{th} thence along -the line thereof to y^e Fork thence down y^e Several Meanders of -y^e Fork to y^e Beginning - -Wednesday 6^{th} Last Night was so Intolerably smoky that we were -obliged all hands to leave y^e Tent to y^e Mercy of y^e Wind and -Fire this day was attended by our afore^d Company untill about -12 oClock when we finish'd we travell'd down y^e Branch to Henry -Vanmetris's on our Journey was catch'd in a very heavy Rain we -got under a Straw House untill y^e Worst of it was over & then -continued our Journey - - -April 6^{th} - -Lot 19 Begg: at a Spanish Oak corner to Lot 18^{th} & Runing thence -N^o 23 W^t 350 po to 3 W: O thence S^o 36 W^t 164 po 94 to y^e Low -G: to 2 Locust Trees on y^e Fork - -Lot y^e 20^{th} Begg at 2 Locusts on y^e Fork Corner to Lot 19^{th} -& Runing along y^e Line N^o 36 E^t 164 po to 3 W: O thence N^o 23 -W^t 250 po 3 Red Oaks in y^e Manner line thence Down y^e Manner line - -Thursday 7^{th} Rain'd Successively all Last night this Morning one -of our men Killed a Wild Turkie that weight 20 Pounds we went & -Survey'd 15 Hundred Acres of Land & Return'd to Vanmetris's about 1 -o'Clock about two I heard that M^r Fairfax was come up & at 1 Peter -Casseys about 2 Miles of in y^e same Old Field[39] I then took my -Horse & went up to see him we eat our Dinners & walked down to -Vanmetris's we stayed about two Hours & Walked back again and slept -in Casseys House which was y^e first Night I had slept in a House -since I came to y^e Branch - -[Footnote 39: Old Fields and Wild Meadow.--There were many small, -timberless tracts of land on the mountains and in the great valleys -of Virginia and Pennsylvania, in regions which were generally, -prior to the occupation and the clearing up of the country by -the white man, densely covered with trees. Large tracts of such -timberless land existed in the region now embraced within the -counties of Berkeley, Jefferson and Frederick. Strange as it -may appear some of this kind of land within the history of the -settlement of the valley became covered with young forest timber. -In some respects these openings resembled the treeless prairies of -the west. No satisfactory explanation of this frequently observed -condition has ever been given. Many of these meadows were the -favorite pasturing grounds of the large game and were, therefore, -of special interest to the hunter. Clearfield county, Pa., it is -believed, got its name from the fact that there were within its -territory extensive natural clear fields and meadows.] - - -Fryday 8^{th} we breakfasted at Casseys & Rode down to Vanmetris's -to get all our Company together which when we had accomplished we -Rode down below y^e Trough in order to Lay of Lots there we laid of -one this day The Trough is couple of Ledges of Mountain Impassable -running side & side together for above 7 or 8 Miles & y^e River -down between them you must Ride Round y^e back of y^e Mountain for -to get below them we Camped this Night in y^e Woods near a Wild -Meadow where was a Large Stack of Hay after we had Pitched our -Tent & made a very Large Fire we pull'd out our Knapsack in order -to Recruit ourselves every was his own Cook our Spits was Forked -Sticks our Plates was a Large Chip as for Dishes we had none - -Saterday 9^{th} Set ye Surveyor[40] to work whilst M^r Fairfax & -myself stayed at y^e Tent our Provision being all exhausted & y^e -Person that was to bring us a Recruit disappointing us we were -oblige to go without untill we could get some from y^e Neighbours -which was not till about 4 or 5 oClock in y^e Evening we then took -our Leaves of y^e Rest of our Company Road Down to John Colins in -order to set off next Day homewards - -[Footnote 40: From the expression, "set the surveyor to work," as -well as the language used in the record on the 12th of March, that -"Mr. James Genn the surveyor came to us and traveled over the Blue -Ridge, etc.," with other expressions at a later date of similar -import in the journal and in other documents, it is rendered almost -certain that George Washington was, from the first, employed by -Lord Fairfax, not as a surveyor, merely, but rather in the capacity -of a skilled director of other surveyors, and as the confidential -adviser in the division and sale of his lordship's lands.] - - -Sunday 10^{th} We took our farewell of y^e Branch & travell'd over -Hills and Mountains to 1 Coddys on Great Cacapehon about 40 Miles - -Monday 11^{th} We travell'd from Coddys down to Frederick Town -where we Reached about 12 oClock we dined in Town and then went to -Cap^t Hites & Lodged - -Tuesday 12^{th} We set of from Capt. Hites in order to go over -W^{ms} Gap[41] about 20 Miles and after Riding about 20 Miles we -had 20 to go for we had lost ourselves & got up as High as Ashbys -Bent[42] we did get over W^{ms} Gap that Night and as low as W^m -Wests in Fairfax[43] County 18 Miles from y^e Top of y^e Ridge This -day see a Rattled Snake y^e first we had seen in all our Journey - -[Footnote 41: Williams' Gap, in the Blue Ridge, is on a line nearly -due east from Winchester. It derived its name from a Mr. Williams, -who kept a ferry over the Shenandoah river on one of the roads -from Winchester into Loudoun and Fairfax counties. This name still -attaches to the gap and appears on the early maps of Virginia. It -is a notable fact that all or most of the important gaps through -mountain passes in the United States were well worn buffalo paths -and Indian trails when first visited by white men.] - -[Footnote 42: Ashby's Bent is supposed to have reference to the -great bend and extensive bottom lands of the Shenandoah, just -above which was located Captain Ashby's ferry across that river. -Washington uses this term in 1770 to describe a large tract of -bottom land on the Ohio which he acquired.] - -[Footnote 43: Fairfax county, in which Mount Vernon is located, was -created out of Prince William county by the Assembly of Virginia in -1742.] - - -Wednesday y^e 13^{th} of April 1748 - -M^r Fairfax got safe home and I myself safe to my Brothers[44] -which concludes my Journal[45] - -[Illustration: (Mount Vernon River)] - -[Footnote 44: Major Lawrence Washington, proprietor of Mount -Vernon, was the second child and oldest surviving son of Augustine -and his first wife Jane (Butler) Washington, born at Pope's Creek, -Westmoreland county, Va., in 1718, and died at his residence, Mount -Vernon, 26th July, 1752. He was the half-brother of the illustrious -George Washington and great-grandson of the emigrant, Col. John -Washington, who came to Virginia about 1657. It is a matter -of tradition that Lawrence was at about the age of 15 sent to -England to be educated, and leaving college he received a captain's -commission to serve in a regiment raised in Virginia to take part -in the expedition against Carthegenia, 1740-42, under the command -of Admiral Vernon. - -The expedition failed of its purpose, and Major Lawrence Washington -returned to Virginia in the fall of 1742. He shortly after became -engaged to Anne Fairfax, which induced him to resign from the army. -His father died April 12, 1743, leaving a considerable estate and -named him, his oldest son, one of his executors. He inherited -from his father "the Hunting creek" plantation, consisting of -2,500 acres, on the Potomac but a few miles from and in sight of -"Belvoir." On the 19th of July Lawrence Washington was united in -marriage to Anne, eldest daughter of the Hon. William Fairfax of -"Belvoir." He made many improvements on his plantation and gave it -the name of "Mount Vernon," in compliment to his old commander, -Admiral Vernon. Lawrence Washington had received a good education, -had mixed with prominent personages, had seen much of the world, -and was a man of good habits and business qualifications. - -His father at the time of his death, was largely engaged in -business which Lawrence was obliged to look after and close up. -This gradually led him into various business enterprises; such as -the manufacturing of iron, buying and selling land, etc. He and his -brother Augustin were among the organizers of "The Ohio Company," -to explore the western country, encourage settlements, and conduct -a trade with the Indians. He was elected to the House of Burgesses -of Virginia from Fairfax county in 1748. It was largely through his -influence that a charter was granted to the towns of Alexandria -and Colchester, both in Fairfax county. He together with Lord -Fairfax, George Mason, Hon. William Fairfax, William Ramsay, John -Carlyle and others was named as trustee to lay out and govern the -town. He was a popular legislator, but declined to serve longer -in the Assembly, as it interfered with his present business. He -was greatly attached to his brother George, and made it a point -to have him with him at Mount Vernon whenever it was practicable -without interrupting his studies. Lawrence was always of a delicate -constitution, but by his prudent habits and systematic attention -to business he accomplished a great deal and enhanced the value of -his possessions. He was tall in stature and a man of fine personal -appearance, as is shown by an oil painting of him which still hangs -upon the wall of the Virginia room in Mount Vernon mansion. He was -rapidly becoming one of the leading business men of Virginia, when -his health broke down. As a last resort his physicians recommended -that he should spend a winter in the West Indies. In the fall of -1751, he resigned his commission as one of the adjutant-generals of -Virginia, and taking his brother George with him, he went to the -Island of Barbadoes. His pulmonary trouble had progressed too far -to be arrested, and after spending some five months on the Island, -and finding himself declining he returned home and died in July, -1752. His marriage had been blessed by four children, three of whom -had died, his surviving child, Sarah, was still an infant at the -time of her father's death. After providing in his will for his -wife he left Mount Vernon to his daughter, but in the event of her -death without heirs it was to go to his "beloved brother George," -who was also named as one of his executors. This daughter Sarah -died within a year, and George inherited Mount Vernon before he was -21 years of age. A few years after Lawrence Washington's death, -his widow married George Lee, brother to the father of Arthur and -Richard Henry Lee, patriots in the Revolution.] - -[Footnote 45: The note book which contains this journal of -Washington's includes also other memoranda, such as notes of -surveys, drafts of juvenile letters, verses, etc., all of which are -of interest for the glimpses they give of the character and early -life of their author, and are copied with literal exactness and -given with the journal and surveys.] - - -The Mannor how to Draw up a Return when Survey'd for His Lordship -or any of y^e Family - -March y^e 15^{th} 1747-8 - -Then Survey'd for George Fairfax Esqr. Three Thousand & twenty -Three Acres of Land lying in Frederick County[46] on Long Marsh -Joyning Thomas Johnstones Land and bounded as follows - -[Footnote 46: Frederick county, Virginia, was formed by Act of -Assembly in 1738, out of Orange county at the same time that -Augusta county was created. The boundaries of Frederick county were -measurably well defined; to Augusta, however, was left all the -western territory belonging to Virginia, much of it at that time an -unexplored wilderness. This immense area has since been divided and -now forms four great and independent states of the Union, namely, -Kentucky, Indiana, Ohio and Illinois. Frederick county, by a return -of the effective militia made to the governor of Virginia in 1777, -had but 923 men. The total population of the town of Winchester at -that time was 800 and a fraction.--_Kercheval_.] - - -Beginning at (A) Three Hickorys Corner Trees to Thomas Johnstones -Land & Extending thence along his S 13 W^t One Hundred Seventy two -Poles to (B) a Locust Johnstones Corner thence along another of his -Lines S 34 E^t 150 po. to (C) a White Oak another of his Corners -thence S^o 75 E^t 186 po & to (D) a large Hickory thence N^o 58 -E^t 160 po xing a Spring Run to (E) three Red Oak Fx on a Ridge -thence N^o 30 E^t 436 po to a Hickory an Red Oak Fx at (F) thence -N^o 60 W^t 90 po to (G) a Large White Oak Fx thence N^o 7 E^t 420 -po xing Long Marsh to (H) two Red Oaks and a W: O: Fx in a Bottom -in y^e afores^d Thomas Johnstones line finally along his line S^o -80 E^t one Hundred fourteen Poles to y^e Beginning Containing Three -Thousand & twenty three Acres. - - p^r JAMES GENN - - HENRY ASHBY } _Chain Men_ - RICHARD TAYLOR } - ROBERT ASHBY _Marker_. - WM. LINDSEY _Pilot_. - -N. B. The Distances in y^e above Writing ought to be Written in -Letters not in figures only I have done it now for Brevity sake[47] - -[Footnote 47: At this place in the journal three leaves, six -pages, have been torn out. The edges left show that they had been -written upon by Washington. The next record of a survey in the -hand-writing of Washington is signed by him with the name of James -Genn, as is also the incomplete plot of a survey here reproduced -from the original by tracing; whether it is a study from field -notes by James Genn or an actual survey by Washington himself does -not appear. The paper upon which it is drawn and the style of the -hand-writing, place it as of a date current with the added records -of 1747-8.] - - -The Courses & Distances of the Following Plat is as follows viz -beginning at A and running thence N^o 30 E^t 436 poles thence N 60 -W^t 90 pole thence N^o 7 E^t 365 pole to Long Marsh & 420 to the -end of the Course thence N 65 W^t 134 pole thence S^o 20 W^t 126 -poles crossing Long Marsh to a Branch thereof commonly calld Cates -Marsh 218 pole to the end of the Course thence N 80 W^t 558 pole -thence S 25 W^t 144 pole thence S 33½ E^t 96 pole S 20 E^t 316 pole -thence S 80 E^t 114 pole thence East 280 pole thence S 15 E^t 262 -to the Beginning Survey'd by - - JAMES GENN - - -The Courses of the Town of Alexandria[48] - -[Footnote 48: Alexandria, Virginia.--This seems to be a brief -record of the course and distances of a survey by Washington of -the shore-line of the town of Alexandria before the river bank was -improved or altered by the building of wharves and the grading of -streets. It is probable that these lines were run in the winter -when the river was closed with ice.] - - -[Illustration: Surveying or Measuring of Land] - -The Meanders of the River - - S 84½ E^t 3 Chain - - S 52 E^t 4 C 17 L - - S 24 E 5 C 9 L to the Point at a sm^l Hickory - stump above the Landing Place - - S 70 E 1 C 25 L - - S 45 E 3 C 18 L - - -DEAR SIR - -I should receive a Letter or Letters from you by the first -and all oppertunetys with the greatest sense or mark of your -esteem and affection whereas its the greatest Pleasure I can yet -forsee of having in fairfax to hear from my Intimate friends and -acquaintances I hope you in Particular will not Bauk me of what I -so ardently Wish for[49] - -[Footnote 49: This appears to have been a study for a letter to -some youthful companion. Even to the close of his life it was the -habit of Washington, in writing important letters and papers, -to make rough drafts of them as a study. However, in copying -them off, he frequently changed expressions and amplified their -contents as his judgment approved. The original drafts of many of -his letters are preserved in the Department of State at Washington -and illustrate this fact. Hence the transcripts in his letter-book -are not always true copies of either his drafts or his original -autograph letters. These drafts were kept by him as memoranda, -rather than as exact copies. It is also probable that there are -many drafts preserved of letters which were never actually sent. In -some cases he endorses this fact upon drafts of letters.] - - -DEAR FRIEND JOHN[50] - -As its the greatest mark of friendship and esteem you can shew to -an absent Friend In often Writing to him so hope you'l not deny -me that Favour as its so ardently wish'd and desired by me its the -greatest pleasure I can yet forsee of having in fairfax to hear -from my friends Particularly yourself was my affections disengaged -I might perhaps form some pleasures in the conversasion of an -agreeable Young Lady as theres one now Lives in the same house -with me but as that is only nourishment to my former affec^n for -by often seeing her brings the other into my remembrance whereas -perhaps was she not often & (unavoidably) presenting herself to my -view I might in some measure eliviate my sorrows by burying the -other in the grave of Oblivion I am well convinced my heart stands -in defiance of all others but only she thats given it cause enough -to dread a second assault and from a different Quarter tho I well -know let it have as many attacks as it will from others they cant -be more fierce than it has been I could wish to know whether you -have taken your intended trip downwards or not if you with what -Success as also to know how my friend Lawrence drives on in his -art of courtship as I fancy you may both nearlly guess how it will -respectively go with each of you - -[Footnote 50: Dear Sir, Dear Friend John, and Dear Friend -Robin.--These all seem to be studies or drafts of letters, which -may have been impersonal or possibly to his youthful school-fellows -and companions in Westmoreland and Stafford counties. It would be -idle to speculate as to whom they were intended, in the absence of -more definite information. They are in no wise remarkable, except -as evidences of Washington's life-long habit of making memoranda, -drafts and studies of his letters.] - - -DEAR FRIEND ROBIN - -As its the greatest mark of friendship and esteem absent Friends -can shew each other in Writing and often communicating their -thoughts to his fellow companions makes me endeavour to signalize -myself in acquainting you from time to time and at all times my -situation and employments of Life and could Wish you would take -half the Pains of contriving me a Letter by any oppertunity as you -may be well assured of its meeting with a very welcome reception -my Place of Residence is at present at His Lordships where I might -was my heart disengag'd pass my time very pleasantly as theres a -very agreeable Young Lady Lives in the same house (Col^o George -Fairfax's Wife's Sister[51]) but as thats only adding Fuel to fire -it makes me the more uneasy for by often and unavoidably being -in Company with her revives my former Passion for your Low Land -Beauty[52] whereas was I to live more retired from yound Women I -might in some measure eliviate my sorrows by burying that chast -and troublesome Passion in the grave of oblivion or etarnall -forgetfulness for as I am very well assured thats the only antidote -or remedy that I ever shall be releivd by or only recess that can -administer any cure or help to me as I am well convinced was I ever -to attempt any thing I should only get a denial which would be only -adding grief to uneasiness - -[Footnote 51: The young lady indicated was Miss Mary Cary, the -daughter of Colonel Wilson Cary, of Ceeleys Hampton, Elisabeth -City county, Va. For 34 years Mr. Cary was collector of customs -for the lower James river district, and a man of large wealth and -aristocratic notions. He had four daughters: Sarah, who married -George W. Fairfax, of "Belvoir"; Mary, who married in 1754, Edward -Ambler of Jamestown; Anna, who married Robert Carter Nicholas; -and Elizabeth, who married Rev. Bryan, 8th Lord Fairfax. Col. -Cary had also one son Wilson Miles Cary, who was a member of the -Convention of Virginia in 1776. Some writers have confounded him -with his father. Bishop Meade in his _Old Churches and Families -of Virginia_, accepts traditions which other writers claim are -authenticated by documents, preserved by the Ambler family, and -accordingly his account credits the story that Washington, in his -youth, was an ardent admirer of Miss Mary Cary, and solicited -leave of Col. Cary to address his daughter, but was refused. -(See _Meade_, vol. i, 108.) This draft of the letter addressed -to "Dear Friend Robin," was probably made in the spring of 1748, -when Washington was in his seventeenth year. In it, he playfully -avows an admiration for the "lowland beauty" and, at the same time, -admits the agreeableness of the "young lady in the house" with him -at "Belvoir." Mr. Edward Ambler, educated at Cambridge, England, -was collector for York river and a burgess for Jamestown. He died -in 1768 in his thirty-fifth year and was buried at Jamestown; -his widow survived him until 1781. Mrs. Ambler with her children -and her sister, Mrs. Fairfax, were occasionally guests at Mount -Vernon, as Washington's diaries show. I am inclined to believe that -while it is true that Washington entertained a high regard for the -Cary family and particularly the ladies, there is nothing but the -lightest gossip to create an inference that there ever was even an -incipient affair of the heart between either of the Misses Cary and -Washington.] - -[Footnote 52: Lowland beauty.--Who this object of Washington's -early admiration was, if she had a veritable existence, is not -positively known. Irving, followed by Everett and others, accepts -the tradition, or rather surmises, that this sobriquet referred to -Miss Lucy Grymes of Westmoreland county, who in 1753 married Henry -Lee, Esq. Their son was the gallant General Henry Lee, "Lighthorse -Harry," of the Revolution. Some recent writers, affect to believe -that this draft of a letter is conclusive that there was a real -love affair but that Betsy Fauntleroy, of Fredericksburg, Va., -was the person referred to, and have published a letter purporting -to have been addressed by Washington to William Fauntleroy, Sr., -Esq., in Richmond, enclosing one to Miss Betsy, who, it is made -to appear, had also refused Washington's addresses. Letters and -traditions of this character should be received with caution, for -while vague reports and surmises of an affair of the heart may be -dilated upon in a bantering way among friends of the parties where -there is little or no foundation for the allegation, yet they -should be subjected to scrutiny and some positive evidence adduced -before they are accepted as historical facts.] - - -DEAR SALLY - -This comes to Fredericksburg fair in hopes of meeting with a speedy -Passage to you if your not there which hope you'l get shortly altho -I am almost discouraged from writing to you as this is my fouth -to you since I receiv'd any from yourself I hope you'l not make -the Old Proverb good out of sight out of Mind as its one of the -greatest Pleasures I can yet foresee of having in Fairfax in often -hearing from you hope you'l not deny it me - -I Pass the time of much more agreeabler than what I imagined I -should as there's a very agreeable Young Lady lives in the same -house where I reside (Col^o George Fairfax's Wife Sister) that in -a great Measure cheats my sorrow and dejectedness tho not so as -to draw my thoughts altogether from your Parts I could wish to be -with you down there with all my heart but as it is a thing almost -Impractakable shall rest myself where I am with hopes of shortly -having some Minutes of your transactions in your Parts which will -be very welcomely receiv'd by Your - - -DEAR SIR--It would be the greatest Satisfaction - -Memorandom[53] to have my Coat made by the following Directions -to be made a Frock with a Lapel Breast the Lapel to Contain on -each side six Button Holes and to be about 5 or 6 Inches wide all -the way equal and to turn as the Breast on the Coat does to have -it made very Long Waisted and in Length to come down to or below -the bent of the knee the Waist from the armpit to the Fold to be -exactly as long or Longer than from thence to the Bottom not to -have more than one fold in the Skirt and the top to be made just -to turn in and three Button Holes the Lapel at the top to turn as -the Cape of the Coat and Bottom to Come Parrallel with the Button -Holes the Last Button hole in the Breast to be right opposit to the -Button on the Hip[54] - -[Footnote 53: The minuteness of detail is very characteristic of -the writer. While Washington was observant of the proprieties of -life and of good taste in dress, there was not the least leaning to -foppishness. But it was a principle with him to have whatever he -bought, consonant with good taste and of the best quality.] - -[Footnote 54: At this point in the book there are 18 blank pages.] - - -DEAR RICHARD - -The Receipt of your kind favour of the 2^d of this Instant afforded -me unspeakable pleasure as I am convinced I am still in the Memory -of so Worthy a friend a friendship I shall ever be proud of -Increasing you gave me the more pleasure as I receiv'd it amongst a -parcel of Barbarians and an uncooth set of People the like favour -often repeated would give me Pleasure altho I seem to be in a -Place where no real satis: is to be had since you receid my Letter -in October Last I have not sleep'd above three Nights or four in a -bed but after Walking a good deal all the Day lay down before the -fire upon a Little Hay Straw Fodder or bearskin whichever is to -be had with Man Wife and Children like a Parcel of Dogs or Catts -& happy's he that gets the Birth nearest the fire there's nothing -would make it pass of tolerably but a good Reward a Dubbleloon is -my constant gain every Day that the Weather will permit my going -out and some time Six Pistoles[55] the coldness of the Weather will -not allow my making a long stay as the Lodging is rather too cold -for the time of Year I have never had my Cloths of but lay and -sleep in them like a Negro except the few Nights I have lay'n in -Frederick Town. - -[Footnote 55: A Pistole.--This coin was worth, at the time -Washington wrote this journal, about $3.60. A doubloon was worth -twice that amount.] - - -Mem To Survey the Lands at the Mouth of Little Cacapehon[56] & -the Mouth of Fifteen Mile Creek[57] for the Gentlemen of the Ohio -Com:[58] - -[Footnote 56: Cacapehon, now generally written Capon.--There -are two streams in the same vicinity known by this name, and to -distinguish them, one is called "Great Capon" and the other "Little -Capon." Both are tributaries to the Potomac.] - -[Footnote 57: Fifteen Mile creek rises in Maryland and flows in a -south-easterly direction, emptying into the Potomac river between -Sideling Hill creek and Town creek, about 15 miles above Hancock, -Md.] - -[Footnote 58: "The Ohio Company" grew into existence out of efforts -by Virginians, dated as early as 1746 or 1747, to secure a share -in the lucrative Indian trade, and with the prospect of opening to -settlement the lands on the upper waters of the Ohio. An early move -in this direction had been made by Colonel Thomas Cresap, a man of -courage, judgment and enterprise--qualities required for trading -successfully with the Indians. He had erected his cabin at Oldtown, -Md. About 1746 Lawrence and Augustine Washington, after making -some cautious business ventures in the Indian trade, with others -assisted to organize "this Ohio Company." Thomas Lee, whose second -son, Richard Henry Lee, was to become so conspicuous a patriot of -the Revolution, and John Hanbury, a wealthy London merchant, were -original members of this company, into which still other men of -substance and standing were admitted, and to which, in 1749, the -British government gave a charter, as "The Ohio Company," with a -grant of half a million acres of land, to be located between the -Monongahela and Kanawha rivers, on the south side of the Ohio. -With but twenty shares of stock at first issue, the company's -prosperity seemed assured, and both Governor Dinwiddie and George -Mason, at a later date purchased an interest in it. Among the early -Washington manuscripts appears the above memorandum of a survey -for this company. Although this entry is without date it must have -been earlier, judging from its position in the note-book, than the -charter. This document imposed, as conditions of the land grant, -that the company should at once survey two hundred thousand acres, -and within seven years secure the settlement of not less than one -hundred families, erect forts, and maintain a garrison against the -Indians,--conditions on the fulfilment of which they were to be for -ten years exempt from the payment of quit-rents. Mr. Christopher -Gist was employed as the company's agent, and on October 19, 1749, -entered upon his duties of inspecting the country, contiguous to -the Ohio river, reporting upon the character of the lands, making -surveys, keeping a journal of his observations, drawing plans of -the territory, etc. In 1750 the company built a small store-house -at Will's creek and stocked it with goods from London to the value -of £4,000. In 1752 Mr. Gist held a council with the Indians on the -Ohio in behalf of the company, and secured their permission to -lay out a town and erect a fort at McKee's Rocks at the mouth of -Chartier's creek, upon the east side of the Ohio, a few miles below -Pittsburg. Washington, in his diary, alludes to this, and says of -the position: "I think it greatly inferior, either for defense or -advantage, especially the latter: For a fort at the forks would -be equally well situated on the Ohio, and have the entire command -of the Monongahela." In 1751 the company began making a road to -the mouth of the Monongahela, but for lack of adequate resources, -made only slow progress. The company looked upon the lands around -Will's creek as being within their grant. They also erected a -store-house at the mouth of Redstone on the Monongahela and began -some improvements at the forks of the Ohio, immediately after -completing those at Will's creek. At the latter place they had -the adjacent lands surveyed on both sides the stream, above and -below the forks, and laid out a town to which they gave the name -of Charlottesburg in honor of the Princess Charlotte, afterward -wife of King George. The French and Indian war, with other stirring -political events, compelled the company to be cautious and to -contract its operations, but, its embarrassments increasing from -the course pursued toward it by the English government, prompted by -envious rival interests, the consent of its agent, George Mercer, -Esq., was finally gained to merge the Ohio Company into a Grand -Company, under what was known as the Walpole Grant or Company. -Their proposal was as follows: "We, the Committee of the Purchasers -of a Tract of Country for a new Province on the Ohio in America, -do hereby admit the Ohio Company as a Co-Purchaser with us for two -shares of the said Purchase,[A] in Consideration of the Engagement -of their Agent, Col. Mercer, to withdraw the application of the -said Company for a separate Grant within the Limits of the said -Purchase. - - Witness our Hands this 7^{th} Day of May 1770 - - THOMAS WALPOLE - S. POWNALL - B. FRANKLIN - SAMUEL WHARTON - -See American Historical Review, vol. iii, p. 205. - -This action, however, was not approved by the American members of -the company, and the final collapse of the whole enterprise was one -of the results of the Revolution.] - -[Footnote A: The whole being divided into seventy-two equal Shares -by the words "two shares" above is understood two Seventy-second -parts of the Tract so as above Purchased. - - THOMAS WALPOLE - S. POWNALL - B. FRANKLIN - SAMUEL WHARTON] - - -I heartily congratulate you[59] on the happy News of my Brothers -safe arrival _in health_ in England and am joy'd to hear that -his stay is likely to be so short I hope you'll make Use of your -Natural Resolution and contendness as they are the only Remedys to -spend the time with ease & pleasure to yourself I am deprived of -the pleasure of waiting on you (as I expected) by Ague and Feaver -which I have had to Extremety since I left which has occasioned my -Return D - -[Footnote 59: Memorandum or draft of a letter to his sister-in-law -Anne, wife of Lawrence Washington, of Mount Vernon, made, very -possibly, while in the field surveying in the fall of 1748 or -spring of 1749. This visit to Europe, of Lawrence Washington, was -partly in the interest of the Ohio Company and partly on account of -his failing health which, unfortunately, was not benefited by the -voyage as had been hoped.] - - -Memorandom to charge M^{rs} Aus. Washington[60] with 4 /9 and 18^d -the 30 of July to a Maryland Hen-wife as also Major Law: Washington -with 1 /3 lent the 15 of August 5 /9 the 17 D^o 2 /6 D^o: I read to -the Reign of K: John - -[Footnote 60: Mrs. Aus. Washington evidently refers to Mrs. -Augustine Washington, of Westmoreland, the wife of George's -half-brother, Augustine, with whom he had made his home while -attending Mr. William's Academy. Austin is, or has been, in -Virginia a contraction for Augustine. Augustine Moore, a notable -character, is recorded interchangeably, in land and other records, -as Augustine and as Austin Moore. It is presumed that "The Maryland -Housewife" was intended to have been written, that being the name -of a popular book on cookery and the art of housekeeping at that -period. The date of this memorandum is presumed to be 1748. A -charge in his book of accounts kept at this time, and which was -among the relics of Lawrence Washington sold in Philadelphia in the -spring of 1891, would fix the date as July 28th, 1748. It was not -an unusual thing for Washington in his youth to use contractions -in writing the first names of his brothers, the following are -examples: Aus., Austin for Augustine; Sam for Samuel; Jack and -John, simply for John Augustine.] - - -In the Spectators Read to N^o 143[61] - -Mem: - -When I see my Brother Austin to Enquire of him whether He is the -Acting Attorney for my Brother and as my Brother Lawrence left -Directions with the H. on W Fx[62] to remit his Pay as Agetant -whether it would not be more proper to keep it to Pay the Notes -of Hand thats Daily coming against him and to Write Word to -Williamsburg to Acquaint his Hon: my B: A: to write him word. - -[Footnote 61: This is about the only record Washington has left of -his course of reading. It is inferred that the books were either -at "Greenway Court" or at "Belvoir." The character of the works -he selected for his perusal is what might have been expected. -This memorandum also exhibits a trait in his character prominent -throughout his life, that of giving attention to minute details of -business. It may truly be said of him that "the boy was father to -the man."] - -[Footnote 62: Honorable William Fairfax, of "Belvoir," Fairfax -county, Va., was born 1691 in Yorkshire, England, where his father -that year became high sheriff of the county. His father was the son -of Henry Fairfax, 2d son of 4th Lord Fairfax and Anna (Harrison) -Fairfax, whose sister, Eleanora Harrison, of South Cave, married in -1689, Henry Washington; their son, Richard Washington, who resided -in London, was, therefore, an English cousin of Wm. Fairfax, and -a correspondent both of his and of Col. George Washington's (see -Washington's correspondence, in _Sparks_). Wm. Fairfax lost his -father when quite young and was educated at his uncle's, Sir John -Lowther's College. Through the influence of Capt. Fairfax, of -the Royal Navy, he entered that service in 1710 and served for -two years. He then joined the British army in Spain under Col. -Martin Bladen, who had married a Fairfax, and was stationed at St. -Helena in 1716-17, and subsequently at the Bahamas, and returned -to England in October, 1717. Having married in the Bahamas, Sarah, -daughter of Maj. Walker, of Nassau, she accompanied him to England. -In 1718 Wm. Fairfax was sent out with Captain or Governor Woodes -Rogers as chief justice to suppress the pirates infesting the West -Indies. His residence was at Nassau, New Providence. The business -for which he accepted office having been completed and the climate -not being congenial, he in 1725 removed to New England. Here he -received an appointment to the custom house at Salem, which he held -until 1734. While a resident of Salem, his first wife died and was -buried there. His son George William was born in Nassau, three of -his children were born in Salem. Thomas, of the Royal Navy, was -killed in battle; Anne married Lawrence Washington, and was the -first mistress of Mount Vernon; and Sarah married John Carlyle, of -Alexandria, Va., who was a major and commissary in the French and -Indian war. Mr. Fairfax married, January 18, 1731, Deborah Clarke, -of Salem, Mass. Her first child was Bryan, 8th Lord Fairfax, born -at Salem 1732, but better known as the Rev. Bryan Fairfax, who -died in 1802. In 1734 Wm. Fairfax accepted an offer, he had before -declined, to remove to Virginia and act as agent for his cousin, -Lord Thomas Fairfax, in the management of the vast Fairfax land -estate. He at first took up his residence in Westmoreland county -and remained there for several years, but afterward improved -the plantation, built "Belvoir" mansion, six miles below "Mount -Vernon," and removed to it. He was residing there in 1739, when -Lord Fairfax first visited Virginia and made it his home for a -year. Wm. Fairfax, from his high character and acquaintance with -business, soon came to the front among the leading men in Virginia. -Besides being agent for his cousin, he served in the assembly of -Virginia, and after the death of John Blair was president of the -Provincial council and collector of his majesty's customs for the -South Potomac. His second wife bore him two children, besides -Bryan already mentioned, William Henry, killed at the storming of -Quebec in 1759; and Hannah, who married Warner Washington, cousin -to George Washington. William Fairfax was a man of great executive -ability and much beloved by the community. He died September 3, -1757. His wife survived him but a few years. "Belvoir" was left to -George W. Fairfax and was his residence until he went to England in -1773.] - - -Memorandam of what Cloths I Carry into Fairfax - - Razor[63] - 7 Shirts 2 D^o Carr^d by M^r Thornton[64] - 6 Linnen Waistcoats - 1 Cloth D^o---- - 6 Bands[65] - 4 Neck Cloths[66] - 7 Caps[67]---- - -[Footnote 63: The razor in colonial days was an essential part of -a gentleman's toilet outfit. Washington had a strong beard and was -early called upon to use his razor. Long, full beards were not -then in fashion in America. It is a notable fact that there is not -a portrait extant of an American-born patriot or statesman of the -Revolutionary period, painted with a full beard. This memorandum, -although not dated, is believed to have been written in 1748. The -clean shaven face was constrained by the fashion of the continent; -and prevailed as the custom in England and France for a period of -quite 75 years.] - -[Footnote 64: The Thorntons intermarried with the Washingtons.] - -[Footnote 65: A kind of shirt collar.] - -[Footnote 66: Neck Cloths.--These were usually made of fine white -cambric, folded wide, were wrapped twice around the neck and worn -without collars.] - -[Footnote 67: Caps.--The number here will attract attention -considering the list of other articles; but it must be remembered -that it was the custom at that period for both men and women to -wear caps at night in bed. At the time when this journal was -written, bed rooms were not heated, hence the custom of warming -beds before retiring in winter, and the necessity for wearing night -caps is more apparent, and, further, the head was frequently shaven -and wigs were worn during the day by many. It is the tradition that -Patrick Henry wore at home, in the day, even, when not in full -dress, a "tarred cotton cap," whilst in public he wore a wig. In -speaking, when he was earnestly moved, a striking emphasis of his -is said to have been a rapid whirling of his wig around his head.] - - -M: the regulater of my watch now is 4 M: and over the fifth from -the Slow end - - 'Twas Perfect Love before } s: Young M: A: his W - But Now I do adore } - -What's the Noblest Passion of the Mind? 6: 2: - -M: Delivered M^{rs} Humphras this 30^{th} Day of October 2 Shirts -the one marked G W the other not marked 1 p^r of Hoes & one Band to -be Washed against November Court in Frederick[68] - -[Footnote 68: At this point in the journal several blank pages -occur.] - - - Oh Ye Gods why should my Poor Resistless Heart - Stand to oppose thy might and Power - At Last surrender to cupids feather'd Dart - And now lays Bleeding every Hour - For her that's Pityless of my grief and Woes - And will not on me Pity take - He sleep amongst my most inveterate Foes - And with gladness never wish to wake - In deluding sleepings let my Eyelids close - That in an enraptured Dream I may - In a soft lulling sleep and gentle repose - Possess those joys denied by Day - - From your bright sparkling Eyes, I was undone; - Rays, you have; more transparent than the Sun, - Amidst its glory in the rising Day, - None can you equal in your bright array; - Constant in your calm and unspotted Mind; } - Equal to all, but will to none Prove kind, } - So knowing, seldom one so Young, you'l Find. } - Ah! woe's me, that I should Love and conceal } - Long have I wish'd, but never dare reveal, } - Even though severely Loves Pains I feel: } - Xerxes that great, was't free from Cupids Dart, - And all the greatest Heroes, felt the smart.[69] - -[Footnote 69: The poetical effusions of George Washington are -neither numerous nor notable. The specimens here given are found -on the spare pages of his memoranda mixed in with his notes of -surveys. Some leaves are missing at this point and the concluding -lines of one poem, at least, are lost.] - - - A List of the Peoples Names that - I have Warrants for[70] - - Acres - - Richard Arnold Frederick C 400 - before the 25^{th} Day of April - - Barnaby M^{c}Kannary D^o 400 - on the Lost River[71] - - Silvenus Smith D^o 400 - - John Wilton D^o 300 - - James M^{c}Koy D^o 400 - - James Kinson D^o 400 - - Ann Dunbarr 400 - - And^w Vincy of Augusta 400 - - Robert Denton D^o 400 - - John Stackhouse of Fred^k 400 - - Sam^l Kinsman D^o 400 - - Tho^s Wiggans D^o 400 - - George Horner D^o 200 - - Darby M^{c}Keaver D^o 400 - - Jos^h Howt: fr^m New En^g D^o 400 - - Jn^o Ellwick Sen^r of Augusta 400 - - James Hamilton J^r 400 - -[Footnote 70: Land warrants were granted by the Crown, by the -Legislature or its authorized agent, and by the governors of -the provinces. A warrant had the character of a commission and -guaranteed title. Land warrants issued in accordance with law were -negotiable, and when laid and the survey plotted by a licensed -surveyor and recorded in the land office, were maintained by the -courts as against all other claimants. - -The following is an exact copy of an order from G. W. Fairfax, -agent of Lord Fairfax, for the sale of unseated lands in the -"Northern Neck of Virginia" to George Washington a licensed -surveyor in Virginia as his warrant to survey a particular parcel -of land. The original document was in the possession of J. A. -Russell, Esq., of New York city, in 1869, and is published in the -_Historical Magazine_ for March of that year, p. 197:-- - - "TO MR. G. WASHINGTON - -"WHEREAS, _Barthalamore Anderson_, of Frederick County hath -Informed that there are about _Four_ hundred 50 Acres of Waste and -Ungranted Land in the said County, _formerly granted to Thomas -Morgan by Jost Hite as p. Bond for the same & by Assignment to the -s^d Anderson, on Arnold's Run a branch of Shenandoah_. - -"And Desiring a Warrant to survey the same in order to obtain a -Deed, being ready to Pay the Composition and Office Charges. - -"_These_ are therefore to Empower You the s^d G. Washington to -survey the s^d Waste Land. - -"_Provided_ this be the first Warrant that hath Issued for the same -and you are to make a just, true and Acurate survey thereof, -Describing the courses and distances p. Pole, also the Buttings -and Boundings of the several Persons Lands adjoining, and where -you cannot Join on any known Lines, you are to make Breadth of the -tract to bear at least the proportion of one-third part of the -length as the Law of Virginia Directs, you are also to Insert the -Names of the Pilot and Chain Carriers made use of and Employed, a -Plat of which s^d Survey with this Warrant you are to give into -this Office any time before the _twenty-fifth_ Day of _March_ next -ensuing. _Given_ under my Hand and Seal of the Proprietors Office -this _thirteenth_ day of _Oct_. 1750 in the Twenty-Fourth year of -His Majesty King George the Second's Reign. - - "G. W. FAIRFAX." - -[ENDORSED.] - - "Barthalamore Anderson's Warr for 450 Acres - "M^r Washington's Retur'd the 8^{th} Feb^y 1750-1. - "To be paid p L^d Fx - "61"] - -[Footnote 71: Lost River.--This stream gets its name from the fact -that for three miles it passes out of sight under a mountain which -lies across its course. It rises in Hardy county, W. Va., and flows -in a north-easterly direction to the Cacapehon river. The following -diagram is made from a pen drawing by Washington in his field note -book, but not definitely related to this particular survey.] - -[Illustration: Cacapehon or lost River] - - -MY LORD - -I went Last Tuesday not knowing your Lordship had that very Day -set out for Neavils to see whether you had any further Commands or -directions to give concerning the Surveying of Cacapehon and as -your Lordship was not at Home I was inform by Col^o G. Fairfax that -you had not any Directions in Particular more than were given to -the other Surveyors as your Lordship had mentioned I therefore have -made bold to Proceed on General Directions from him as Missing -this Opportunity of Good Weather may be of considerable Hindrance I -shall Wait on your Lordship at Frederick Court in November to obey -your further Pleasure and am my Lord &[72] - -[Footnote 72: Here terminates the entries in the little note -book, containing "My Journey Over the Mountains." It is proper to -state that the journal was kept in a small, vellum-bound, blank -book, 6 by 3¾ inches in size, closely written on both sides of -the leaf. Either from a desire to classify his memoranda, or for -want of a second book, or from some motive of economy, he turned -the book around and began from the other end to keep a record more -particularly relating to his surveys and miscellaneous affairs. His -field notes of surveys were kept in a book of the same size as the -one described, from which the most of the following surveys are -taken. The other surveys are found on loose sheets which have been -bound and denominated miscellaneous papers; a few of them having -dates, enables the editor to place them in chronological order.] - - -Then Survey'd for M^r John Monroe y^e following Tract of land -bounded as follows - - Poles - - A Beginning at a marked white oak } N 20,,0 E 130,,68 - B N 20--00 E to a Chesnut } - C Thence to a Red oak N 71,,00 E 116,,44 - D Thence to a Spanish oak near a Swamp S 73,,00 E 188,,24 - E Thence to Hiccory S 44,,00 E 158,,72 - F Thence to a red oak Stump S 14,,00 E 186,,24 - G Thence to a Black Gum S 88,,00 W 244,,00 - From thence to the Beginning - -Then survey'd for M^r John Watts y^e Following Tract of Land -bounded as followeth - - Courses - - A Beginning at a Marked red Oak } S 15° 30′ W 400.56 - B S 15° 30 W to a Sweet Gum } - C Thence to a Chesnut S 59,,00 W 200.40 - D Thence to a Walnut N 45,,00 W 240.24 - E Thence to a White Oak N 10,,00 E 200.00 - F Thence to a Maple N 35,,00 E 300.00 - From thence to the Beginning - -Then Survey'd for M^r Francis Jett the following Tract of Land -bounded as follows - - A Beginning at a Marked Hiccory S 20, W } S 20,,00 W 120 - B to a White Oak } - C Thence to a Walnut Stump S 63,,00 W 160 - D Thence to a Red Oak on the top of a Hill S 85,,00 W 80 - E Thence to a Black Gum near a Valley N 66,,00 W 116 - F Thence to a Dogwood near a Swamp N 35,,00 W 63 - G Thence to a Mulberry standing in Corn-field N 35,,00 E 97 - H Thence to a Sasafras N 45,,00 E 157 - From thence to the Beginning - -Then Survey'd for Cap^t Henry Washington y^e following Tract of -Land bounded as follows - - Poles - A Beginning at a red Oak S 25--00 W } 25--00 W 74 - B near the road running to a red Oak Saplin } - C Thence to white Oak S 23--00 E 24 - D Thence to Spanish Oak S 55--00 W 34 - E Thence to a Black Gum N 76--00 W 30 - F Thence to a Black Oak N 25--00 W 62 - G Thence to Caleb Butlers old Field N 00--00 W 104 - H Thence to a White Oak S 76--00 E 70 - I Thence to a Red Oak N 78--00 E 56 - -August 18^{th} 1747 Then survey'd the following Piece of Land at -one Station in the School House old field bounded as p^r field -Book. Viz^t Beginning near a Persimon within y^e field Extending -thence to a Fence Stake S 15--00 E 165°,,00′--28 Pole thence S -19--00 W 199°--00′--27.5 Pole thence S 47 W 227°--00′--18.9 thence -S 76--00 W 256°--00′--21.4 thence N 42 W 318°--00′--46.3 thence N -29--00 E 29°--00′--34 Pole. - -October 1^{st} 1747 Then Survey'd the following Piece of Land for -M^r Richard Roe Bounded as follows Beginning at a Chesnut extending -thence S^o 20--00 W 38 Pole thence N 75--00 W 39.7 P thence N^o -46--00 W 41.1 P thence S^o 68--00 W 21.3 thence N^o 29--00 W 25.3 -thence S^o 77--00 E 4 Pole thence N^o 60--00 E 25.1 Pole thence -S^o 42--00 E 14 Pole thence S^o 79--00 E 14 Pole--thence East from -thence to the beginning S 60--45 - -E - -Then Survey'd for M^r Francis Jett the following Tract of Land -Bounded as p^r Field Book[73] - - A N 56.15 - B N 51--00 E 39.19 - C S 65--00 E 34.14 - D S 49--00 E 50.15 - E S 20--00 E 29.00 - F S 70--00 W 62.13 - G N 58--30 W 20.24 - H S 83--30 W 30.00 - - Remarks y^e distance - from A to B being Inaccessable - I took an Angle - within y^e field from A to - a house bearing N 73°--00 - E 46 Pole thence to B - bearing N 48--00 W - -Survey'd for M^{rs} Elizabeth Washington y^e Following Tract of -Land whose thirds is required to be laid off 20 Pole from H towards -K & the Division line to run towards B C[74] - - Courses Dist: Poles - - A S 54,,00 W 67,,00 - B N 45,,00 W 36,,00 - C N 76,,00 W 45,,-- - D N 31,,00 E 60,,-- - E N 56,,00 E 35,,-- - F N 21,,00 E 30,,24 - G S 51,,00 E 40,,20 - H S 34,,00 E 41,,60 - I S 04,,00 W 34,,20 - - Acres Roods Perch: - - Area 52 ,, 1 ,, 39 - - Scale 50 Parts to an Inch. - -[Footnote 73: (this footnote refers to the illustration below) - - [Illustration: (Plat of Francis Jett's land)] - -[Footnote 74: (this footnote refers to the illustration below) - - [Illustration: (Plat of Elizabeth Washington's land)] - - -SURVEY'D For Richard Barnes Gent^n of Richmond County[75] a -certain Tract of Waste and ungranted Land Situate Lying and being -in the county of Culpeper[76] and Bounded as followeth Beginning -at three white Oaks in Normans Line and Corner Trees to -(Aaron Pinson's now) M^r Barnes's Land & Extending thence N^o 42° -30′ W^t Ninety five Poles to a branch of Flat Run Two hund^d and -Eighteen Poles to a Large white Oak Corner to Norman thence along -another of his Lines N^o 39° E^t Thirty four Poles to three white -Oaks & a Hickory Cor: to the said Norman and John Roberts thence -along Robert's Line S^o 78° W^t One hund^d and Eighty three Poles -to the Road that Leads over Norman's Foard Two hund^d and Sixteen -Poles to two white Oaks in a Glade Cor^r to the said Roberts and -M^r Francis Slaughter thence with the said Slaughters Line S^o 5° -W^t One hund^d and Sixty four Poles to three white Oaks in the -said Slaughter Line thence leaving his Line S^o 66° E^t Two hund^d -and thirty Six Poles to three white Oaks amongst a Parcel of Rock -Stones Barnes's Corner thence with his Line N^o 53° E^t One hund^d -and Eighty Six Poles to the Beginning Containing Four Hundred Acres -this Twenty Second Day of July 1749. - - JOHN LONEM } _Cha Men_ - EDWARD CORDER } - EDWARD HOGAN _Marker_ - by - WASHINGTON S C C[77] - -[Footnote 75: For this survey Washington received the sum of £2 3s -0d on the 25th of July, 1749, as shown by entry in his cash book; -a copy of which is in the Toner Collection, Library of Congress, -Washington, D. C.] - -[Footnote 76: Culpeper county, Virginia, was formed by act of -assembly in 1748, and named in honor of Lord Thomas Culpeper, -governor of Virginia from 1682 to 1686. The old family name was -spelled with two p's, but in using the name as a locality one p is -dropped. Its original form, however, was Colepeper. The widow of -Lord Culpeper spelled her name and wrote it, "Mar. Culpeper--Leeds -Castle, Dec. 19, 1706." Lord Culpeper and Lord Arlington had -obtained from Charles II in 1672 a grant of proprietary rights over -the whole of Virginia, but within a short time, in consequence of -resistance by the colonists, surrendered all except quit rents and -escheats, and a duty of three half-pence per pound on tobacco. Two -years after ceasing to be governor, Lord Culpeper, who had become -by purchase sole owner of the grant, further abandoned all his -rights except that of property in the lands of that part of the -Northern Neck beyond the Blue Ridge, with an annual pension of £600 -for twenty years in lieu of what he gave up. This estate of about -5,700,000 acres of land in the Shenandoah valley and the mountains -beyond, went to his daughter and heiress, Catherine, who became the -wife of Thomas, the 5th Lord Fairfax, and from her to their son -Thomas the 6th, and the first American Lord Fairfax of Washington's -time. Lord Culpeper had been one of the commissioners of -plantations under Charles II, and was a man of ability for business -and public affairs, although rapacious; and, as governor, wholly -British, without that sympathy for Virginia interest, such as -Berkeley, with all his faults, had shown. The county of Culpeper, -however, was conspicuous for the patriotism of its inhabitants -during the Revolution. Her "minute men," Randolph said on the floor -of the United States Senate, "were raised in a minute, armed in a -minute, marched in a minute, fought in a minute, and vanquished in -a minute." The motto on their flag was, "The Culpeper Minute Men," -along the top border; in the center a curled rattlesnake with head -erect and rattling tail; on either side the words "Liberty--or -Death;" and beneath, along the lower border, "Don't Tread on -Me." In the clerk's office of Culpeper court house is recorded -the following: "20 July, 1749 [O. S.] George Washington, Gent., -produced a commission from the President and Master of William and -Mary College, appointing him to be surveyor of this county, which -was read, and thereupon he took the usual oaths," etc.] - -[Footnote 77: Washington, S. C. C.--This is supposed to be an -official check mark signature of George Washington as a licensed -surveyor of Culpeper county. The plat of this survey is published -by Sparks, vol. 1, p. 14, and is reproduced here, as the editor -has failed, so far, in finding the original among any of the -Washington papers extant. The plat bears date two days after he -filed his certificate and took the necessary oath before the court -in Culpeper county referred to in the preceding note.] - - -[Illustration: (Plat of Richard Barnes' land)] - -FAC SIMILE. - -_Copied from a Manuscript in the handwriting of_ - -WASHINGTON. - -_Æt. 17_ - -A - -BOOK of SURVEY's - -Began - -JULY 22^d: 1749 - - -SURVEY'D For Edward Hogan a certain Tract of Waste and Ungranted -Land Situate Lying and being in the County of Augusta[78] and on -the Lost River or Cacapehon about Six Miles within the Boundary -Line of the Northern Neck and bounded as followeth Beginning at -a white Oak and white Pine Saplins on the West Side of the River -and Runs thence S^o 68° E^t Two hundred and Eighty Poles to three -Chesnut Oaks on a Steep Mountain Side thence N^o 9° E^t Two hundred -and three Poles to three Pines on the Mountain Side thence N^o 68° -W^t Two hund^d and Eighty Poles to two white Oaks in a Drain that -makes from the Mountains thence S^o 2° W^t One hundred and thirty -two Poles to two white Oaks thence S^o 22° W^t Sixty Eight po. to -the Beginning Containing Three hundred and Thirty five Acres this -1^{st} Day of November 1749[79] - - JOHN LONEM } _Cha Men_ - EDWARD CORDER } - EDWARD HOGAN _Marker_ - by - WASHINGTON S C C - -[Footnote 78: Augusta county, and also Frederick county, were -formed in 1738, out of Orange county which, prior to that date, -had embraced all of Virginia beyond the Blue Ridge. The bounds of -Frederick were defined as follows: the Potomac on the north, the -Blue Ridge on the east, and on the south and west a line drawn -from the head spring of the Hedgman creek to the head spring of -the Potomac; all beyond this line, comprising the immense western -territory belonging to Virginia, constituted Augusta county. The -earliest Frederick county court was held at Winchester, Nov. 11, -1743; and that of Augusta county was held at Beverley's Mill Place, -now Staunton, Dec. 9, 1745.] - -[Footnote 79: The notes of the survey of land, on the 22d July, -1749, for Richard Barnes, and that of November 12, 1749, for Edward -Hogan, were recorded on sheets of foolscap paper, and are bound -up with other early miscellaneous papers of George Washington, -preserved in the Department of State. They are here given nearly in -their chronological place.] - - -November 2^d 1749 Then Surveyd for Robert Denton a certain Tract -of ungranted Land Situate in Augusta County and on the Lost River -of Cacapehon and Bounded as followeth Beginning at two white Pines -and a Pitch and running thence S^o 62 E^t Three Hundred Poles to -a Chesnut, Pine and Spanish Oak on a Mountain Side thence N^o 28° -E^t Two hundred & Six poles to two white Oakes and a Hick. thence -leaving the Mountain N^o 62 W^t Three hun^d poles to two Pines and -a white Oak on a steep Hill thence to the Beginning - - E @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - ROBERT DENTON, _Marker_ - - -November 2^d 1749[80] Then Survey'd for James Hamilton a certain -Tract of Waste Land lying on Cacapehon and bounded as followeth -Beginning at three Pines on a Mountain Side Corner to Edward Hogan -and running thence along his Line N^o 68 W^t Two Hundred and Eighty -Poles to three white Oaks another of his Corner's thence along the -Mountain Side N^o 27 E^t Two hundred Poles to a Poplar a Lynn & -white Walnut Trees standing on the Creek thence crossing the Creek -S. 68 E^t Two hundred and Eighty Poles to a Large Black Oak and two -Chesnut Trees growing from one Root thence to the Beginning along -the side of an Inaccessable Mountain - - E. @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - HOGAN _Marker_ - -[Footnote 80: This entry is in a new book of the same dimensions as -the one described; first pages of it are blank--page 7 is the first -written upon; pages 8 and 9 gone; page 10 blank.] - - -Survey'd for Francis M^{c}Bride Three hundred and Eighty Six Acres -and a Quarter of Waste and Ungranted Land Situate Lying and being -in the County of Augusta and on the Lost River or Cacapehon and -Bounded as followeth Beginning at three Pines on very Hilly Ground -and on the West Side the River and Runs thence S^o 62° E^t Three -hundred Poles to three white Oaks on the brake of the Mountains -thence S^o 28° W^t Two hundred and Six Poles to two Black Oaks & a -Dogwood thence N^o 62° W^t Three hundred Poles to two white Oaks -and a Hickory Saplins on the Side of very Hilly Ground thence N^o -28° E Two hundred and Six Poles to the Beginning this third Day of -November 1749 - - -November 3~7^{th} 1749 Then Survey'd for William M^{c}Bride a -certain Tract of Waste and ungranted Land Scituate in Augusta -County and on the Lost River of Cacapehon and Bounded as followeth -Beginning at three pines Francis M^{c}Brides Corner and runs thence -with his Lines S^o 62° E^t Three hundred poles to three white Oaks -another of his Corners thence N^o 28° E^t Two hundred and Six Pole -to three white Oakes thence N^o 62 W^t Three hundred poles to two -pines & a red Oak On a steep Hill from thence to the Begining - - E - @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - JOHN DONBARR _M_: - - -November 4^{th} 1749 Then Survey'd for Ann Dunbarr a certain Tract -of Waste Land Scituate in Augusta County and on the Lost River of -Cacapehon and bounded as followeth Beginning at a Pine and white -Oak pretty High up a Mountain Side and running thence S^o 65° E^t -Three hundred Poles to a white Oak Chesnut Oak and Maple on the -Mountain Side near a Drain thence N^o 25° E^t with the Mountain Two -hundred and twenty Poles to three white Oak Saplins by a Runside -thence N^o 65° W^t Two hundred and twenty Poles to a red Oak and -Pine on the Creek Side thence up the Mountain Side far enough to -make out three hund'd Poles from thence to the Beginning - - E @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - JOHN DONBARR _M._ - - -November 5^{th} 1749 Then Surveyd for M^r John Ellswick a certain -Tract of Waste and ungranted Land Situate in Augusta County on the -Waters of Cacapehon and bounded as followeth Beginning at three -white Oakes Corner to M^{rs} Ann Dunbarr and running thence along -the Mountain side N^o 25 E^t One hundred Poles to three white Oaks -in very Stony ground thence bearing more to the Mountain N^o 50 E^t -One hundred and twenty Poles to two Chesnuts and one Chesnut Oak -near the side of some Large hanging Rocks on the side of a Mountain -thence N^o 65 W^t Three hundred Poles to three white Saplins in -the Hollow of a the Mountains near the Road that leads to the S^o -Branch thence S 38 W^t One hundred and twenty poles to Dunbarr's -Corner on the Mountain thence with his Line S^o 65 E Three hundred -pole to the B. - - E - @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - JOS^H HOW _M._ - - -Survey'd For James Scott Three hundred and Eighty Six Acres and a -Quarter of Waste and Ungranted Land Situate Lying and being in the -County of Augusta and on the Lost River or Cacapehon and Bounded as -followeth Beginning at a Pine a Spruce Pine and Spanish Oak by the -side of some Large Rocks on the East Side the River and Runs thence -N^o 55° W Three hundred Poles to three Chesnut Oaks on Short Hills -thence over the Hills N^o 35° E^t Two hundred and Six Poles to a -Large white Oak on the Hills or Ridges from the Mountains thence -S^o 55° E^t Three hundred Poles to a Hickory red Oak and Maple on -the Mountain Side thence S^o 35° W^t Two hundred and Six Poles to -the Beginning this Sixth Day of November 1749 - - -November 7 1749 Then Survey'd for M^r Jos^h How a certain Tract of -Waste and ungranted Land Lying in Augusta County and on the Lost -River of Cacapehon and bounded as followeth Beg. at a Corner of the -Land Survey'd for James Scott a Hickory red Oak and Maple on the -Mountain Side and running thence along the Mountain N^o 35 E^t Two -hundred and Six Poles to two white Oaks and Maple on the Mountain -thence leaving the Mountain and run thence N^o 55 W 60 p^o to the -Road Three Hundred Poles to Red Oak Chesnut Oak and Hickory on a -Mountain Side thence S^o 35° W^t Two hundred and Six poles to a -Large white Oak James Scotts Corner thence with his line S 55 E^t -Three hundred poles to the Beg: - - E. @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - JOS^H HOW: _M._ - - -November 8^{th} 1749 Then Survey'd for Andrew Viney a certain Tract -of Waste and Ungranted Land Situate in Augusta County and on the -Lost River of Cacapehon and Bounded as followeth Beginning at a -Large white Pine and three Lynn Trees growing from one Stump & -runs thence N^o 55° W^t Three hundred Poles to three white Oaks in -amongst the Mountains thence went to the Beginning and runs S^o 35 -W^t Two hundred & six poles to a Maple a Lynn and Wild Cherry Trees -on the Mountain Side just on the Creek thence N^o 55 W^t Three -hundred Poles to a white Oak and a Black & Hic. Oak from thence to -his Opposite Corner N^o 35° E^t - - E - @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - ANDREW VINEY _M_ - - -November 9~10^{th} 1749 Then Surveyd for M^r Luke Collins a certain -Tract of Waste and ungranted Land Situate in the County's of -Augusta and Frederick & on the Lost River of Cacapehon and Bounded -as followeth Beginning at two Chesnut Oaks and a Black and run -thence S 55° E^t 48 po to Barnaby M^{c}Handry's Corner thence with -his Line to his Corner Lynn Maple & Mountain Burch on the Mountain -thence along the Mountain S 35° W^t Two hundred and Six po. to two -Mountain Burches and a Gum thence N^o 55 W^t three hund^d poles to -three white Oaks from thence to the Beg: - - @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - SAM^L M^{C}HANDRY _M_ - - -November 9^{th}~10^{th} 1749 Then Survey'd for Barnaby M^{c}Handry -a certain Tract of Waste and ungranted Land Situate in Frederick -County on the Lost River of Cacapehon and Bounded as followeth -Beginning 48 po. below William Bakers Corner 2 Chesnut Oaks and a -White Oak and runs thence S^o 55° E^t Two hundred and fifty two -poles to two Mountain Burches and a white Oak on the M side thence -S^o 35° W^t Two hundred and fifty two po to a Lynn a Maple and a -Mountain Burch thence N^o 55° W^t Two hundred and Fifty two po to -two white Oaks and a Hickory from thence to the Beginning - - @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - WILLIAM BAKER _M_ - - -November 10~9^{th} 1749 Then Surveyd for William Baker a certain -Tract of Waste and ungranted Land Situate in Frederick County & on -the Lost River of Cacapehon and Bounded as followeth Beginning at -two Chesnut Oaks and a red Oak in amongst very steep pine Hills -Sam^l Bakers Corner and runs then with his Line S^o 55° E^t Three -hund^d Poles to two Mountain Burches and a Chesn^t Oak on the M: -th: al^g the Mountain S^o 55° W^t Two hund^d & Six poles to two -Mountain Burches and a white Oak thence N^o 55 W Three hundred -poles to two Chesnut Oaks & a white Oak from th. to the Beg - - @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - SAM^L BAKER - - -November 10^{th} 1749 Then Survey'd for Samuel Baker a certain -Tract of Waste and ungranted Land Situate in Frederick County and -on the Lost River of Cacapehon and Bounded as followeth Beginning -at two white Oaks near very Large Rocks and runs thence N^o 55 W^t -Three Hundred Poles to two white Oaks and a Black on the Short -Hills thence went Back to the Beginning and S^o 25 W Two hundred -and fifteen Poles to a Chesnut Oak and two Mountain Burches thence -N^o 55 W^t Three hundred poles to two Chesnut Oaks and a red Oak - - @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - SAM^L BAKER _M_ - - -November 11^{th} 1749 Then Surveyd for William Warden a certain -Tract of waste and ungranted Land Situate in Frederick County and -on the Lost River of Cacapehon and Bounded as followeth Beginning -at two Hickorys and an Elm on the Creek side and runs thence S^o -70° W^t Two hund^d & twelve Poles to a Spanish Oak a Chesnut & a -Maple thence N^o 20° W: Three hundred poles to a Chesnut Oak a -white Oak and Pine thence N^o 80 E^t Two hund^d and twelve p^{os} -and from thence to the Beginning - - Plat drawn - SAM^L BAKER _M_: - - -March 30^{th} 1750. - -Then Survey'd for David Edwards a certain Tract of waste Land -Situate in Frederick County and on Cacapehon and bounded as -followeth Beg: at a white Oak Jos^h Edwards Cor: on the E^t side -the River & run thence N^o 70 W^t 176 po to the Creek 253 Po to -another of J. Edwards's Cor^s and three hund^d & twenty Poles to -three black Oaks near a Large Pine on the Top of a Hill thence N^o -20 E^t Two hund^d Poles to four Pines on the side of a steep Hill -thence S^o 70° E^t Three hundred & Forty Poles to an Ash on the -Creek side near a fine spring thence to the Beg^g 412 Acres - - Plat drawn - JOHN LONEM } _Ch^n_ - SILVENUS SMITH } - DAVID EDWARDS _M^r_ - - -March 30^{th} 1750 - -Then Survey'd for Thom^s Edwards a certain Tract of Waste Land -Situate in Frederick County and on Cacapehon & bounded as followeth -Beg^g at 2 Pines on the side of a Mountain about 4 Pole from the -Waggon Road that leads to the S^o Branch and on the W^t Side the -Creek & run thence East One hund^d Pole to the Creek & three hund -and twenty Poles to a Red Oak white Oak and Hickory on the side of -a steep Hill thence South Two hundred Poles to three white Oaks -thence West 20 Po: to the Creek Three hundred & twenty Poles to a -white Oak thence North Two hundred Poles to the Beg. containing -four hund^d acres - - JOHN LONEM } _Cha_: - DAVID EDWARDS } - GEORGE HYATT Plat drawn - - -March 31^{st} 1750 - -Then Survey'd for George Hyatt a certain Tract of waste Land -Situate on a branch of the N^o River calld Davids Run in Frederick -County Beg at 2 white Oaks on the side of a Hill in very stony -ground and Run thence S^o 70° E^t One hund^d & Seventy two Poles to -a Chesnut Oak amongst a Parcel of Rocks on a Ridge of a Mountain -thence N^o 20° E^t..220 Po to the Wag^n Road that leads to the S^o -Branch Two hund^d and Fifty Poles to a Hickory & two white Oaks -thence N^o 70° W^t One hund^d & Seventy two Poles to two white Oaks -on a Hill thence S^o 20 W^t Two hund^d & Fifty three Po: to^{ds} -Beg^g Cont^g 272 Acres - - @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - JOHN LONEM } _C M_ - DAVID EDWARDS } - GEORGE HYATT: _Mark^r_. - - -March 31^{st} 1750 - -Then Survey'd for John Parkes Jun^r a certain Tract of Waste Land -Lying & Situate in Frederick County & on a branch of Cacapehon & -bounded as followeth beginning at two Chesnut Oaks near a Drain of -the Mountains that parts a Ridge of Rocks & run thence S^o E^t..Two -hund^d Poles to three white Oaks at the foot of a mountain thence -N^o E^t..Two hund Poles to three white Oaks at the foot of the s^d -Mountain thence N^o W^t Two hund^d Poles to three Pines on the same -Ridge we began at thence S^o W^t Along the Ridge Two hund^d Poles -to the Beg: containing 250 Acres @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - - JOHN LONEM } _C M_ - DAVID EDWARDS } - JOHN PARKES _Mark^r_ - - -April 2^d 1750 - -Then Survey'd for Even Pugh a certain Tract of Waste and ungranted -Land Situate in Frederick County on the Trout Run a branch of -Cacapehon & bounded as followeth beg^g at a white Oak & two Poplars -stand^g on the Run & Run thence S^o 85° E^t Three hun^d and twenty -Poles to two red Oaks two Gums & a Maple thence N^o 40° W^t Three -hund^d & twenty Poles to a white Oak from thence to the Beg: S^o 27 -W^t 244 Po. Con^g 226...... - - @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - DAVID EDWARDS } _C: M_ - JOSEPH POWELL } - EVAN PUGH JUN^R _Mark_ - - -April 2^d 1750 - -Then Survey'd for Jacob Pugh a certain Tract of Waste Land Situate -in Frederick County and on a branch of Cacapehon calld Trout Run -beg^g at a Poplar and black Walnut on Evan Pugh's Line on the -branch and Run thence N^o 50 E^t One hund^d & Sixty Poles to two -white Oaks in a Bottom thence S^o 40 E^t Two hund^d and twenty -Poles to three white Oaks thence S^o 50 W^t One hund^d & Sixty -Poles to two red Oaks two Gums & a Maple Evan Pughs Corner thence -with his Line N^o 40 W^t Two hund^d and twenty Poles to the beg^g -containing 220 Acres - - @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - DAVID EDWARDS } _C. M_ - JOSEPH POWELL } - EVAN PUGH JUN^R _M^r_ - - -April 2^d 1750 - -Then Survey'd for Joseph Powell a certain Tract of Waste & -ungranted Land Situate in Frederick C: & on a branch of Cacapehon -calld Trouts Run beg^g at two white Oaks in a bottom Jacob Pughs -Corner and run thence with his Line S^o 40° E^t Two hund^d & twenty -Poles to three white Oaks another of J-- Pughs Corner's thence -N^o 50 E^t One hund^d & Sixty Poles to three white Oaks thence -N^o 40 W^t Two hund^d & twenty Poles to two Pines thence S^o 40 -W^t One hund^d & Sixty Poles to the Beg: Containing 220 Acres -@@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - - JACOB PUGH } _C. M_ - EVAN PUGH } - JOSEPH POWELL _M_ - - -April 2^d 1750 - -Then Survey'd for Thom^s Hughs a certain Tract of Waste & ungran^d -Land Situate in Frederick County & on Cacapehon & bound^d as -followeth beg: at a red Oak & white Oak at the foot of a steep -Mountain and run thence N^o 25 W^t _One hund^d and Seventy 4 Poles -to an Elm & red Oak Saplins thence N^o 45° W^t_...Three hund^d & -Forty Poles to two Pines on a Ridge thence N^o 75° E^t Two hund^d -Poles to two red Oaks in the bottom thence S^o 25° E^t Three hund^d -& forty Poles to three white Oaks near the lick Branch thence to -the beg. Con^g 419 Acres @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - - JACOB PUGH } _C: M_ - EVAN PUGH } - WILLIAM HUGH'S _M^r_ - - -April 3^d 1750 - -Then Survey'd for Hugh Hughs a certain Tract of waste & ungranted -Land Situate lying & being in Frederick County & on Cacapehon & -bounded as followeth beginning at two swamp white Oaks standing -under a steep hill & run thence N^o 75 W Four hund^d & twenty Poles -to two Pines and a Chesnut Oak on the Ridge of a Mountain thence -S^o 17 W^t Two hund^d Poles to two white Oaks thence S^o 73° E^t -at 72 p^o came to a black in thom^s Hughs's Line about 80 po: from -his corner at 192 Po came to three white Oaks in another Line of -Th^s Hughs's four hund^d and twenty Poles to three white Oaks from -thence to the beg^g Con^g 480 Acres - - @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - JOHN LONEM } _C M_ - JOS^H POWELL } - WILLIAM HUGHS _M^r_ - - -April 3^d 1750 - -Then Survey'd for William Hughs Senior a certain Tract of Waste -Land Situate in Frederick County and on Cacapehon & bounded as -followeth beg. at two swamp white Oaks hugh hughs Corner & run -thence N^o 17 E^t Two hund^d Poles to three white Oaks near the -Creek thence N^o 73° W^t Three hund^d and twenty Poles to three -Pines on the side of a Mountain thence S^o 17° W^t..Two hund^d -Poles to the beg: containing 400 Acres - - @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - JOHN LONEM } _C. M_ - JOSEPH POWELL } - ELIAS HUGHS _M^r_ - - -April 4^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - -Then Survey'd for William Hughs Jun^r a certain Tract of Waste & -ungranted Land Situate lying and being in Frederick County & on -Cacapehon & bounded as followeth beg at three white Oaks & run -thence N^o 73° W^t 40 Pole to William Hughs Sen^r Corner Three -hund^d & twenty Poles to a stake thence N^o 35° E^t Two hund^d & -twenty Poles to three Gums in a Drain of the Mountain thence S^o -73° E^t Three hund^d & Eighty Poles to two white Walnuts thence to -the beg S^o 47 W^t 245 Po Con^g 460 Acres - - JOHN LONEM } _C. M_ - EVAN PUGH } - ELIAS HUGHS--_M^r_ - - -April 4^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn-- - -Then Survey'd for Nicholas Robinson a certain Tract of waste Land -Situate in Frederick County & on Cacapehon & bounded as followeth -beginning at two _white_ red Oaks about two pole below a spring -& under a mountain & clift of Rocks & run thence S^o 45° E^t Two -hund^d & sixty Six Pole thence S^o 45° W^t Two hund^d & Forty Pole -thence N^o 45° W^t Two hund^d & Sixty Six Pole to 2 Pines & 1 -White Oak thence N^o 45° E^t Two hund^d & Forty Poles to the beg: -Containing 400 Acres - - JOHN LONEM-- } _C. M_ - SAMUEL BROWN } - NICHOLAS ROBINSON _M^r_ - - -April 5^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - -Then Survey'd for William Henry Welton a certain Tract of 390 -Acres of waste and ungranted Land Situate in Frederick County & on -Cacaphon & bounded as followeth beg. at two white Oaks & a black -Oak John Woodfins beg: Corner & run thence S^o 50° W^t Two hund^d -Poles to two Pines high on a mountain Side thence S^o 35° E^t Two -hund^d & Sixty Poles to three white Oaks in William Hughs Jun^r -Line thence with his Line S^o 73 E^t 100 Pole to two white Walnuts -under a clift of Rocks on the Creek William Hughs corner thence I -Went back to the beg. & run with Woodfins Line S^o 20 E^t Eighty -Six Po: crossing Cacapehon to a red oak & white Walnut thence S^o -E^t One hund^d & sixty one Pole to a white Oak near y^e foot of a -hill then close the Line - -The above Plat begins at Woodfins Cor^r & run N W^t - - JOHN LONEM } _C. M._ - SAMUEL WOODFIN } - JOHN WELTON - - -April 5^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - -Then Survey'd for Edward Kinnison Jun^r a certain Tract of Waste -Land Situate in Frederick County & on Cacapehon & bounded as -followeth beg. at two red Oaks N. Rob^n Corner about 2 Pole below a -Spring & run thence S^o 45° E^t Three hund^d & Twenty Poles thence -N^o 45 E^t two hund^d Poles thence N^o 45° W^t Three hund^d & Forty -Po. to two white Oaks under a mountain & clift of Rocks thence to -the beg. - - JOHN LONEM } _C. M_ - SAM^L BROWN } - EDWARD KINNISON _M^r_ - - -April 5^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - -Then Surveyd for John Lonem a certain Tract of waste Land Situate -Lying & being in Frederick County & on Cacapehon & bounded as -followeth beg: at two white Oaks under a clift of Rocks Edward -Kinnison's Corner & run thence N^o 37° E^t Two hund^d & forty Poles -to two hickorys & white Oak on a Mountain Side thence S^o 53 E^t -Two hund^d & forty Poles thence S^o 38° W^t 274 Po. to Intersect -Kinnison N W^t Line thence N W^t 240 to the beg^{ng} Con^g------390 -Acres - - JOHN LONEM } _Ch^n Men_ - SAM^L BROWN } - NICHOLAS ROBINSON _M_ - - -April 10^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn. - -Then Surveyd for Darby M^{c}Keaver Sen^r[81] a certain Tract of -waste & ungranted Land situate Lying & being in Frederick County -and on Cacapehon & bounded as followeth beg: at One white Oak & -two hickorys John Lonems Corner & run thence N^o 37 E^t Two hund^d -and twenty Poles to 2 Pines & a black Oak on a steep Mountain side -thence S^o 53 E^t Three hund^d Poles to two white Oaks & a Pine -thence S^o 37 W^t Two hund^d & twenty Poles from thence S^o 53 W^t -60 Po to John Lonem's Corner Three hund^d Poles to the beg. Con^g -412½ Acres - - JOHN LONEM } _C. M_ - DAVID EDWARDS } - JAMES DILOUZA _M^r_ - -[Footnote 81: The following is copied from a patent for land -granted to Darby McKeaver, Sr., recorded at Winchester, Frederick -Co., Va. The survey was made by George Washington, but it is not -contained in the field note book of surveys of "My Journey over -the Mountain," we quote: "Granted by Right Hon Thomas Lord Fairfax -of Cameron to Darby McKeaver Elder of Frederick Co. Virginia. -Bounded by survey of a tract in s'd County on Great Cacapon made -by Mr George Washington. Beginning at two Hickorys & a white Oak -John Lonem's Corner, thence N 37 E. Two hundred and twenty poles -to two Pines & a Black Oak on the side of a steep mountain, thence -S. 53, E. Three hundred poles to two White Oaks & a Pine S. 37 W. -Two hundred & twenty Poles, Thence N. 53, W Sixty Poles to John -Lonem's Corner Three hundred poles to the beginning, containing -Four hundred and twelve and a half acres. - -Patent granted October 7^{th} 25^{th} year of the Reign of George -Second."] - - -April 10^{th} 1750----this Car^d to Fo^o 82 - -Then surveyd for Darby M^{c}Keaver Jun^r a certain Tract of waste -Land Situate in Frederick County & on Cacapehon & bounded as -followeth beg: at a red Oak & Pine about a Mile & quarter below his -other Survey and Run thence S^o 53 E^t One hund^d Poles to 2 white -Oaks thence S^o 20 E^t Two hund^d & thirty eight Poles to a spanish -Oak white Oak & hickory thence S 37 W ninety two Poles to 2 Pines -& a white Oak thence N^o 53 W^t Three hund^d Poles to three Pines -from thence to the beg. - - JOHN LONEM } _C. M_ - DAVID EDWARDS } - JAMES DILOUZA _M^{r}_[82] - -[Footnote 82: This survey has a cross drawn over its face and the -following words added after the date: this Car^d to F^o 82. It is -probable that some error had discovered itself when an attempt -was made to draw a plat by the metes and bounds as given. As this -illustrates Washington's careful attention to details, it is given -just as he left it.] - - -April 10^{th} 1750 - -Then Surveyd the vacant Lot betwixt Darby M^{c}Keaver and Son in -Frederick County & on Cacapehon & bounded as followeth beg: at 3 -Pines Sons Corner near the Mountain & Run thence S^o 37 W^t Two -hund^d & ninety Six Pole to Darbys Line & twenty Pole from the -Corner then went to the Corner & run with his Line S^o 53° E^t & so -Round y^e whole binding on their Lines & Corners - - JOHN LONEM } _C. M_ - DAVID EDWARDS } - - -April 11^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - -Then Surveyd for John Parke Sen^r a certain Tract of waste Land -situate in Frederick County & on Cacapehon & bounded as followeth -beg: at two Pines on a Mountain Side & run thence S 57 E^t Three -hund^d & twenty Poles to a Pine & two hickory bushes on the Top of -a clear hill thence S^o 33° W^t Two hund^d Poles to 2 white Oaks in -Level ground thence N^o 57 W^t 200 Pole to the Creek Three hund^d & -twenty Poles from thence to the beg - - JOHN LONEM } - SILVENUS SMITH } - RICH^D ARNOLD--SEN^R - - -April 11^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - -Then Survey'd for Richard Arnold Jun^r a certain Tract of waste -Land Situate in Frederick County & on Cacapehon & bounded as -followeth beg: at a black Oak & hickory at the foot of a Mountain -& run thence S^o 57 E^t Three hund^d & twenty Poles to 2 Pines & a -Spanish thence S^o 33 W^t Two hund^d Pole to a hickory black Oak -& white Oak thence N^o 57 W^t Three hund^d & twenty Poles to two -white Oaks from thence to the beg: - - JOHN LONEM } - SILVENUS SMITH } - RICHARD ARNOLD JUN^R - - -April 11^{th} 1750 - -Then Survey'd for M^r Joseph Edwards a certain Tract of waste Land -Situate in Frederick County & on Cacapehon & bounded as followeth -beg: at a black Oak & hickory at the foot of a Mountain Richard -Arnold's Corner & run thence with his Line S^o 57 E^t Three hund^d -& twenty Poles to a Pine & 2 Spanish Oaks another of Arnolds -Corner's thence N^o 33 E^t Two hund^d Poles to three white Oaks by -a small branch near a Path thence N^o 57 W^t Three hund^d & twenty -Poles to two white Oaks on the Mountain side thence to the beg - - JOHN LONEM } - SILVENUS SMITH } - RICHARD ARNOLD SEN^R - - -April 12^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - -Then Surveyd for James Caudy[83] a certain Tract of waste Land -Situate in Frederick County & on Cacapehon & bounded as followeth -beg at a white Oak on the East Side the Creek a Corner of his -Patent Land & run thence S^o 53 E^t 200 Po: to a white Oak on a -Level near the Waggon Road another of his Corners thence S^o 37 W^t -Ninety Six Poles to a white Oak in Jos^h Edwards Line thence with -his Line N^o 57 Wt 110 Po. Jos^h Edwards Corner thence to y^e beg -containing 98 Acres - - JOHN LONEM } - SYLVENUS SMITH } - RICH^D ARNOLD JUN^R - -[Footnote 83: One of the natural curiosities of West Virginia -is "Caudy's Castle," named presumably for this individual, who, -Kercheval says, had taken refuge from the Indians on the summit -of a stupendous detached rock standing out from a precipitous -mountain side and having an elevation of several hundred feet. It -is situated a couple of miles above the forks of Capon.] - - -April 12^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - -Then Survey'd for Thomas Parker Sen^r a certain Tract of waste -Land Situate in Frederick County & on the N^o River of Cacapehon & -bounded as followeth beg at 2 white Oaks on y^e W. side the Creek -& Run thence N^o 36 W^t Two hund^d Pole to a Hickory & black Oak -in the bent of the Creek th: S^o 54 W^t Two hund^d Pole to two -Pines on a Stony & Piney Point thence S^o 62 W^t Eighty four Poles -to a white Oak & maple on y^e Creek thence S^o 30 W^t One hund^d -& Eighty Poles to 3 Pines & a white Oak in flat Level Ground from -thence to the beg. N^o 38 E^t 220 Con^g 237 Acres - - JOHN LONEM } - RICH^D ARNOLD SEN^R } - BARNABY LYNCH-- - - -April 13^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - -Then Survey'd for Evan Pugh Jun^r a certain Tract of Waste Land -Situate in Frederick County on a very small branch & bounded as -followeth beg at 3 white Oaks on a Stony Ridge & run th: S^o 60 E^t -One hund^d & Sixty Po: to two Chesnut Oaks & a Pine th: N^o 30 E^t -One hund^d & Sixty Pole to two red Oaks & a white Oak thence N^o 60 -W^t One hund^d & Sixty Pole to a Ches^t Oak & black Oak on a Rocky -Ridge thence S^o 30 W^t One hund^d & Sixty Pole to the beg: Con^g -160 - - JOHN LONEM - JAMES THOMAS - JACOB PUGH: - - -April 13^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - -Then Survey'd for Benjamin Phipps a certain Tract of Waste & -ungranted Land Situate in Frederick County & on the North River of -Cacapehon & bounded as followeth beg: at a white red & Chesnut Oaks -on y^e west side the River & run thence N^o 26 W^t Three hund^d & -twenty Poles to three Pine Saplins in very hilly Ground thence S^o -64 W^t Two hund^d Pole to three white Oaks on the Top of a Mountain -thence S^o 26 E^t Three hund^d & twenty Poles to 3 white Oaks in a -hollow th: to the beg - - JOHN LONEM } _C: M_ - AARON ASHBROOK } - BENJAMIN PHIPPS _Mark_. - - -April 14^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - -Then Surveyd for George Nickson a certain Tract of waste Land -Situate in Frederick County & on the N^o River of Cacapehon & -bounded as followeth beg. at 3 red Oaks on the River Side & W^t -side & run thence N^o 60 W^t Three hund^d & twenty Poles to 2 Black -Oaks & a Pine thence S 30 W^t Two hundred Poles to a white Oak & -Pine in the fork of three hollows thence S^o 60 E^t Three hund^d & -twenty Pole to two Pines 20 Po x[84] y^e Creek thence N^o 30 E^t -Two hund^d Poles to the beg: containing 400 Acres - - JOHN LONEM } _C. M_ - JAMES SMITH } - GEORGE NICKSON _M^r_ - -[Footnote 84: x--I think he means across.] - - -April 14^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - -Then Survey'd for Josiah Arnold a certain Tract of waste Land -Situate in Frederick County & on the N^o River of Cacapehon & -bounded as followeth beg: at a red Oak near a great Rock on the -East side y^e River & run thence N^o 48 W^t Three hund^d & twenty -Poles to two Pines thence N^o 42 E^t Two hund^d Pole thence S^o 48 -E^t Three hund^d Poles to the Creek Three hund^d & twenty Poles to -2 Lynn Trees & a Maple thence S^o 42 W^t to the beg: containing 400 -Acres - - JOHN LONEM } - JAMES SMITH } - JOSIAH ARNOLD - - -April 14^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - -Then Surveyd for James Smith a certain Tract of waste Land Situate -in Frederick County & on the N^o River of Cacapehon & bounded as -followeth beg: at a hickory & Walnut on y^e Creek Side & west Side -& opposite against a Pavement of Rocks & run thence N^o 48° W^t -Three hund^d & twenty Poles to 2 Pines amongst steep Hills thence -N^o 42 E^t 200 Pole to 2 Pines thence S^o 48° E^t Three hund^d & -twenty Poles to 2 Pines on a Mountain Side thence S^o 42 W^t 200 -Pole to the Beg: Containing 400 Acres - - JOHN LONEM } - GEORGE NICKSON } - JAMES SMITH - - -April 16^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - -Then Surveyd for John Stackhouse a certain Tract of Waste & -ungranted Land Situate in Frederick County & on the N^o River of -Cacapehon & bounded as followeth beg at a Large white Oak & hickory -on the E^t side the River & run thence N^o 45 W^t Three hund^d & -five Pole thence S^o W^t Two hund^d & Ten Pole thence S^o E^t Three -hund^d & five Pole to two white Oaks in a small Island under the -foot of a Mountain thence N^o E^t Two hund^d & ten Pole to the beg. -Containing 400 Acres - - JOHN LONEM } -- - JAMES SMITH } - JOHN STACKHOUSE - - -April 16^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - -Then Surveyd for James Warden the Vacant Land situate in Augusta -County & between y^e Lines of Andrew Viney & Luke Collins on the -Lost River & bounded as followeth beg: at 3 white Oaks amongst -Piney Hills Luke Collins's Corner & run thence with his Line S^o -55° E^t Three hund^d Poles to two Mountain Burches & a Gum on a -steep Moun. side thence S^o 35 W^t One hund^d & Seventy Six Pole to -a Large white Pine & three Lynn Trees growing from one Stump And^w -Vineys Corner thence with his Line N^o 55 W^t Three hund^d Poles -to three white Oaks in amongst y^e Mountains another of V. Corners -thence to y^e beg Con^g 330 Acres - - JOHN LONEM - JAMES SCOTT - - -April 16^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - -Then Survey'd the Waste Land for Francis M^{c}Bride & Robert -Denton between their Lines beg: at 2 Pines & a Spanish Oak on the -left side the River & run thence N^o 28° E^t 128 Pole to Frank -M^{c}Brides Line thence up his Line to his Corner N^o 62° W^t 72 -Pole to M^{c}Brides Corner 2 white Oaks & a hickory - -@@whitespace@@ when plotted of is from Dentons Corner to -M^{c}Brides, North 148 thence around with there Lines containing -244 Acres - - JOHN LONEM - DANIEL LIZENBY - ROB^T DENTON - - -April 18^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - -Then Survey'd for David Dunbar a certain Tract of waste Land -Situate in Augusta County & on Cacapehon & bounded as followeth -beg at a white Oak Chesnut Oak & Maple Corner to Ann Dunbar & run -thence S^o 25° W^t Two hund^d Poles to 3 white Oaks thence N^o 65 -W^t Three hund^d & Eighty Poles to 3 white Oaks at the foot of a -Mountain thence to John Dunbar corner from thence with his Line to -y^e beg Cont^g 425 Acres this Plat beg: at John Dunbar's beg. Corner - - JOHN LONEM - DANIEL LIZENBY - WILLIAM WARDEN - - -April 19^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - -Then Surveyd for William Miller Horse Jockey a certain Tract -of waste Land Situate in Augusta County & on the Lost River of -Cacapehon & bounded as followeth beg at a white Oak & Spruce Pine -Edward Hogan's Corner & Run thence S^o 10° W^t Two hund^d & twenty -Poles to 3 white Oaks on the Edge of the bottom thence S^o 68 -E^t Two hund^d & Eighty Poles to 2 Chesnut Oaks & a hickory on -a Mountain Side thence N^o 10 E^t Two hund^d & twenty Poles to -another of Hogan's Corners thence with his Line to the beg Con^g -380 Acres - - JOHN LONEM - DAN^L LIZENBY - WILLIAM MILLER - - -April 19^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - -Then Surveyd for James Thomas a certain Tract of waste Land Situate -in Augusta County and on the Lost River or Cacapehon & bounded as -followeth beg at two white Oaks by a small branch & run thence S^o -65° E^t Three hund^d Pole to 2 white Oaks good way on the Mountain -side thence N^o 25 E^t Two hund^d Pole to an hickory Maple & Ash on -a Rocky Run thence N^o 65 W^t Three hund^d Poles to 3 Pines then -S^o 25 W^t Two hund^d Poles to the beg Con^g 375 Acres - - JOHN LONEM - WILLIAM MILLER - ROBERT DENTON - - -April 20^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - -Then Surveyd for James Dilouza a certain Tract of waste Land -Situate in Frederick County & on a branch of the N^o Branch of -Cacapehon & bounded as followeth beg: at a Chesnut Oak white Oak & -hickory on a hill near the Mountain Side & run thence N^o 52 W^t -Two hund^d & fifty two Poles to a white Oak & black Oak thence -S^o 38 W^t Two hund^d & fifty two Poles _to 3 Spanish Oaks on y^e -Mountain Side_ thence S^o 52 E^t Two hund^d & fifty two Poles to 3 -Spanish Oaks on a Mountain Side thence to y^e beg: Cont^g 397 Acres - - JOHN LONEM - JAMES WARDEN - JAMES DILOUZA - - -April 20^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Drawn - -Then Surveyd for David Wood a certain Tract of waste & ungranted -Land Situate in Augusta County & on y^e N^o River of Cacapehon & -bounded as followeth beg: at a hickory & Walnut against a Pavement -of Rocks James Smiths Corner & Run thence S^o 42 W^t two hund^d -Pole to a white Oak & hickory on y^e west side y^e Creek thence N^o -48 W^t - -@@whitespace@@ have recourse to y^e returnd Survey[85] - - JOHN LONEM - JOHN STACKHOUSE - DANIEL WOOD - -[Footnote 85: This line is written in pencil.] - - -April 20^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - -Then Surveyd for Jonathan Arnold a certain Tract of Waste Land -Situate in Frederick County & on y^e N^o River of Cacapehon & -bounded as followeth beg: at a white Oak & hickory on y^e E^t side -y^e River David Woods Corner & Run thence with his Line N^o 48 W^t -Three hund^d & twenty Poles to his corner thence S^o 42 W^t Two -hund^d Pole thence S^o 48 E^t Three hund^d & twenty Poles to 2 -Pines thence N^o 42 E^t 200 po[86] to y^e beg: Contain^g 400 Acres - - 320 N^o 48 W^t 320} [86] - 200 S^o 42 W^t 200} - ----- S^o 48 E^t 320} - 6400 ɭ 400 N^o 42 E^t 200} - 640 - - JOHN LONEM - JOHN STACKHOUSE - JONATHAN ARNOLD - -[Footnote 86: The last line and the record of courses and distances -and the figuring are in pencil.] - - -April 21^{st} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - -Then Surveyd for Robert Lindsay a certain Tract of Waste Land -Situate in Frederick County & on y^e N^o River of Cacapehon & -bounded as followeth beg: at 3 white Oaks & on y^e foot of a -Mountain & run thence N^o 48 W^t Three hund^d & twenty Poles to -thence N^o 42 E^t Two hund^d Poles thence S^o 48 E^t Three hund^d -& twenty Poles to a forked Pine & white Oak thence S^o 42 W^t Two -hund^d Poles to y^e beg: containing 400 Acres - - JOHN LONEM - JOHN STACKHOUSE - JONATHAN ARNOLD - - -April 23^d 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - -Then Surveyd for Henry Enoch a certain Tract of waste Land Situate -at y^e Fork of Cacapehon & bounded as followeth beg. at 2 red Oaks -near y^e Cacapehon & Run thence N^o 12 E^t Two hund^d Poles to red -Oak & Spanish Oak on y^e side of a steep Hill thence N^o 78 W^t -100 Pole to y^e Creek Two hund^d & Seventy Poles to 2 white Oaks & -a red Oak thence S^o 12° W^t 200 Po to y^e N^o River Two hund^d & -Sixty Poles to 2 white Oaks & a hickory thence to y^e beg: S^o 78 -W^t 275 Poles Con^g 388 Acres - - JOHN LONEM } - JOHN KEITH } - JOHN CONSTANT - - -April 23^d 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - -Then Surveyd for John Newton a certain Tract of waste Land Situate -in Frederick County & on y^e N^o River about a Mile above y^e Fork -and bounded as followeth beg: at 2 white Oaks & a hickory Henry -Enocks's Corner & run thence with his Line N^o 12 E^t Two hund^d -& Sixty Poles to another of Enocks Corners 2 white Oaks & red Oak -thence West Two hund^d Poles to 2 hickorys & a Pine thence S^o 12 -W^t Two hund^d & Sixty Poles to 2 Pines in clear Ground thence East -200 to y^e beg: at 50 Po came to y^e N^o River Con^g 315 Acres - - JOHN LONEM } _C. M_ - JOHN KEITH } - JOHN CONSTANT _Marker_ - - -April 24^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - -Then Surveyd for Thomas Wiggans a certain Tract of waste Land -Situate in Frederick County & on Potomack River about ½ Mile above -y^e Mouth of great Cacapehon & bounded as followeth beg: at a white -Oak a white Hickory & white Wood Tree just on y^e Mouth of Wiggan's -Run & opposite to a nob of y^e Mountains in Maryland & run thence -S^o 25 W^t Two hund^d & twenty Eight Poles to a white hickory an -Elm & Mulberry about 30 Pole from Cacapehon thence N^o 75 W^t One -hund^d & forty Poles to a Chesnut Oak & white Oak thence N^o 25 E^t -Two hund^d & Sixty Poles to a white Oak red Oak & Iron Wood on y^e -Riverside thence down y^e several Meanders thereof S^o 67½ E^t 37 -Po S^o 58½ E^t 74 Po S^o 55 E^t to y^e beg Con^g 210 Acres-- - - JOHN LONEM - ISAAC DAWSON - WILLIAM WIGGANS - - -April 24^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - -Than Survey'd for Isaac Dawson a certain Tract of waste Land -Situate Lying & being in a Neck of Land between Cacapehon & -Potomack River & bounded as followeth beg at a white Oak white -hickory & white Wood tree Thom^s Wiggans Cor. & run thence with his -Line S^o 25 W^t One hund^d & Eighty two Poles to a Walnut & hickory -in T^s Wiggans Line thence S^o 75 E^t twenty Pole to 2 white Oaks -on y^e Creekside thence y^e several Meanders thereof N^o 69 E^t -Thirty six po S^o 60½ E^t 62 Po; S^o 40½ E^t 56, S^o 26 E^t One -hund^d & twelve Po, S^o 59 E^t fifty four Po., N^o 38 E^t Seventy -two Pole, N^o 28 E^t Thirty eight, P^o N^o 2 W^t 44 Po; N^o 56½ W^t -50 N^o 40 W^t 44 Po, N^o 51 W^t 26 Po N^o 42 W^t 52 Po. S^o 10½ E^t -42 to y^e Mouth of y^e Creek thence up y^e Meanders of y^e River -N^o 71 W^t 92 Po N^o 45 W^t 30 Po. to y^e beg. Con^g 270 Acres-- - - JOHN LONEM - WILLIAM WIGGANS - ISAAC DAWSON-- - - -April 24^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - -Then Surveyd for Thom^s Williams a certain Tract of waste L^d -Situate just below y^e Mouth of y^e Caca & on Potomack River & -bounded as followeth beg: at a Maple & Sugar at y^e Mouth of y^e -Creek & Run y^e Meanders of y^e River S^o 79 E^t 90 Po S^o 70 E^t -50 Pole to a White Oak & Sugar tree growing together at y^e Top by -y^e Mouth of a gully thence leaving y^e River & Run thence S^o 1 -W^t One hund^d & fifteen Po th== S^o 72 W^t 28 Po to y^e C^k & op^e -to Dawson's C: y^e two last Courses down y^e Creek are N^o 42° W^t -35 P N^o 17° E^t 52 P to y^e beg Con^g 95 Ac^s - - JOHN LONEM - WILLIAM WIGGANS - THOM^S WILLIAMS - - -April 25^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - -Then Surveyd for Nicholas Friend a certain Tract of waste Land -Situate on Potomack River about 2 Miles below y^e Mouth of Little -Cacapehon & bounded as followeth beg at 2 hickorys & a Sugar Tree -at y^e Mouth of a Run on y^e River brink & run thence S^o 55 E^t -Sixty Pole to two Pines on y^e top of a Ridge thence S^o 35 W^t One -hund^d & Sixty Poles to 2 white Oaks & an ash about 18 Pole x y^e -Run we began at thence N^o 55 W^t One hund^d & thirty Pole to 2 -Sycamores on y^e River Side thence down y^e Meanders of y^e River -N^o 4 W^t fifty four Po. N^o 28 E^t forty Po. N^o 70 E twenty Six -Po. N^o 75 E^t Twenty one Po. N^o 79½ E^t Thirty Poles S^o 80 E^t -72 Po. to y^e beg. Con^g 142 Acres - - JOHN LONEM - SAMUEL PLUMB - JOHN FRIEND - - -April 25^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - -Then Survey'd for Friend Cox a certain Tract of waste L^d Situate -in Frederick Co^{ty} & on Potomack & Little Cacapehon & bounded as -followeth beg. at 2 hickorys & a Spanish Oak at y^e Mouth of Little -Cacapehon & y^e lower Side & run thence y^e Meanders of y^e River -N^o 84 E^t thirty Pole S^o 86 E^t Twenty Eight Pole N^o 65 E^t 68 -Pole East forty Pole to 2 Burches thence leaving y^e River S^o 10 -E^t Two hund^d & forty Poles Run S^o 80 W^t One hund^d & thirty -Poles to y^e Creek then N^o 22 W^t Sixty Pole N^o 45½ W^t 100 Po -N^o 12 E^t 30 N^o 39 E^t 16 Po N^o 15 W^t 56 Po to y^e beg Con^g -240 Acres - - JOHN LONEM - JOHN PARKER - RICH^D LANE - - -April 26^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - -Then Survey'd for John Parker of S^o Br^{ch} a certain Tract of -waste Land Situate in Frederick & on Little Cacapehon & about ½ -Mile above y^e Buffilo Lick & bounded as followeth beg: at a white -Oak & red Oak on y^e hillside & Run thence S^o 50 E Two hund^d Pole -thence S^o 40 W^t One hund^d & Sixty Pole thence N^o 50 W^t Two -hund^d Pole to a black Oak Spanish Oak & white Oak thence N^o 40 -E^t One hund^d & Sixty Poles to y^e Beg: Containing 200 Acres - - JOHN LONEM - HENRY ENOCH - JOHN PARKER - - -April 27^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - -Then Surveyd for Silvenus Smith a certain Tract of waste Land -Situate in Frederick County & on Cacapehon & bounded as followeth -beg: at a hickory black Oak And white Oak Rich^d Arnolds Corner -& run thence with his Line N^o 57 W^t Three hund^d & twenty Poles -to 2 white Oaks another of Arnolds Corners thence S^o 33 W^t One -hund^d & twenty four Poles to 2 Pines John John Parke Sen^r Corner -thence with Parke's Line S^o 57 E^t Three hund^d & twenty Poles to -a Pine & two hickorys another of Parke's Corner thence to y^e beg: -find y^e Course & Quantity[87] - - JOHN LONEM... } - RICH^D ARNOLD JUN^R } - SILVENUS SMITH - - -April 27^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn. - -Then Resurveyd Darby M^{c}Keaver's Jun^r Land beg. at a red Oak & -Pine his old Corner & Run thence S^o 53 E^t 70 Po to a hickory & -black Oak on y^e Creek Side then up y^e Creek S^o 37 W^t 60 to 2 -black Oaks on y^e Creek Side thence S^o 53 E^t 230 Po. to 2 Chesnut -Oaks & a black on Piney Ground thence S^o 37 W^t 140 Po to 2 Pines -& a white Oak thence N^o 53 W^t Three hund^d Poles to three Pines -from thence^^{find y^e Course[87]} to y^e beg: Con^g 315 Acres - - JOHN LONEM - SILVENUS SMITH - ROGER PARKES - -[Footnote 87: Interlined in lead pencil.] - - -April 28^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn. - -Then Surveyd for James M^{c}Cay a certain Tract of Waste Land -Situate in Frederick County bounded as followeth beg: at 2 white -Oaks & a Gum in Level L^d about 10 Po from y^e Waggon r^d & run -thence S^o 27 W^t Three hund^d & twenty Po to 3 white Oaks thence -N^o 63 W^t 30 Po to y^e Waggon Road that Leads up y^e Creek to -Woodfins two hund^d Poles to 2 Chesnut Oaks thence N^o 27 E^t 270 -Po to y^e Wag^n Road Three hund^d & twenty Poles to 3 Pines thence -S^o 63 E^t Two hund^d Pole to y^e beg Con^g 400 - - JOHN LONEM - DAVID EDWARDS - JAMES M^{C}CAY - - -August 16^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn. - -N. B. This Plat made to begin at y^e Double hickory S^o 11½ W^t 280 -po. - -Then Survey'd for M^r Edward Musgrove a certain Tract of waste & -ungranted Land Situate in Frederick County & on Shannondoah River & -joining his Patent Land bounded as followeth Beg. at a Corner Stone -where his Corner tree stood on the River Side & run up the several -Courses thereof S^o...63°...W^t..40 poles S^o..43°..15″ W^t 60 -poles to an Ash on the River Corner to William Vestalls Patent Land -thence with his Lines N^o 40 W^t Eight poles to a white Oak Saplin -V. C. thence S^o..70 W^t 92 poles to 1 blacks oak in y^e fork of a -road thence N^o..31¼ E^t 426--Poles to a Double hic^y Corn^r to -Musgroves Pa. L^d & y^e pat. L^d of John Vestall thence to y^e beg -135 Acres---- - - REUBEN RUTHERFORD } NED MUSGROVE _M^r_ - JOHN MUSGROVE } - - -August 20^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plats drawn - -Then Re Survey'd for Richard Stephenson and William Davis a certain -tract of waste and ungranted Land beg: at 1 Spanish Oak black Oak -& white Oak & run thence N^o....10°...E^t Forty three poles to a -Large hic: in a hallow thence S^o...80 E^t One hund^d poles to -a Large white Oak & small hickory in or near y^e Old Corner th: -S^o..37..E^t One hund^d & Eighty four poles to a Dead white O. & -living one by a path side thence N^o..36....E^t Thirty Six poles -to a Stoop^g white Oak by a path Side Corner to a tract Survey'd -for William Davis thence S^o -- --50°-45′...E^t four hund^d and -twelve poles to a red Oak Another Corner of William Davis's Land in -Col^o Geo. Fairfax's Line thence S^o 41 W^t Three hund^d & Ninety -Eight Poles to a hickory Saplin about 8 pole x the N^o Branch of -Bullskin[88] thence N^o..37°...W^t...Two hund^d & Eighty poles to -small hickory Saplins about 90 pole from the Corner of the Patent -Land a broken top^d red Oak Pits's--Patent thence with his Lines -N^o 50 E^t Seventy poles to a red Oak in Stephensons clear'd -Ground--thence N^o 5 W^t 242 p to a Corner--Two hund^d & fifty -poles to 2 hickorys thence N^o--35°--W^t 160 po. thence N^o 85° 30′ -W^t 18 ps- to a Large white Oak by a parcel of Rocks then reduced -to a straight Line is N^o...40°-45′..W^t One hund^d & Seventy One -po thence N^o...80--W^t Seventy Eight poles to the beg: con^g 810 - - LEWIS THOMAS } 398 - WILLIAM CRAWFORD } 240 - --- - DANIEL M^{C}KLEDUFF _M^r_. 158 - -[Footnote 88: Bullskin is a small stream which rises within the -present boundaries of Jefferson county, West Virginia. George -Washington, and also his brothers Lawrence and John Augustine, -owned large tracts of land in the vicinity of this stream.] - - -August 21 to 23 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - -Then Survey'd for Maj^r Lawrence Washington the Waste Land between -the Lines of M^r Worthington Davis & T Keys bounded as followeth -beg at 4 Sycamores standing on the edge of Worthington's Run -being his C: & run thence S^o 72 W^t Twenty eight Poles to a red -Oak thence N^o 78° E^t Two hund^d & Ninety four poles to several -small Saplins Wor^y beg. Corner thence S^o 20° W^t Two hund^d & -Sixty poles to a red Oak, thence N^o 70 W^t One hund^d & twenty -poles to a white Oak, thence N^o 20 W^t Two hund^d & Seventy Six -poles to a white Oak, Then West Forty five Poles to a white Oak -hickory & Walnut S^o 10° W^t Five hund^d & forty poles to a black -Oak thence S^o 80° E^t Sixty poles to a white Oak thence N^o 10° -E^t 45 poles to a C: of Pitts's Patent Land Eighty Eight poles to -a Large hickory in a hallow Corner to y^e L^d Surveyd for Davis & -Stephenson thence with their Lines S^o 80° E^t One hund^d poles to -a Large white Oak & small hickory thence S^o 37¼° E^t One hund^d & -Eighty four poles to 2 white Oaks one of them Dead by a path side -thence N^o 36 E^t Thirty Six poles to a stooping white Oak by the -S^o path Corner to a Sepe^e Survey made for William Davis thence -with his Lines N^o 29¼° E^t One hund^d & fifty Six poles to 2 red -Oaks Davis's Corner thence to a Corner of his Patent L^d S^o 54 E^t -Six poles a Large red Oak y^e beg. C. of his Patent (his patent -Lines being protracted) went to y^e Corner of Samuel Waker's Patent -L^d now W a white Oak & run thence along his Line & keys S^o 17 W -Three hund^d & thirty four poles to 2 red Oaks where Keys Corner -sh^d stand the Courses being protracted thence S^o 72° E^t Two -hund^d & four poles to a hickory on the West side a Meadow where -Davis's Patent s^d Corner then following the Courses of his patent -S W^t One hund^d & Eight poles to a red Oak on y^e side of a hill -(y^e patent says a hickory but their is neither Line or Corner to -be found) thence N^o 70° W^t One hund^d & forty poles to a black -Oak & white Oak Near a glade & on y^e N^o side th: N^o 45° W^t 148 -po: to a Large Oak in a small hallow thence N E^t 22 po to a hic: -Sap th. N W^t 76 poles to 3 tri. hic near a path th. N^o 82 E^t 82 -poles to Davis's patent C^r - - W^M CRAWFORD } _C C_ - LEWIS THO^S } - @@whitespace@@ DANIEL M^{C}KLEDUFF. - - -August 23^d 1750 Then survey'd for Maj'^r Law^r Washington of -Fairfax County a certain tract of waste and ungranted Land in -Frederick joining Worthington's Land and Beg: at the 2^d corner the -s^d Worthington's tract a red Oak and extended with his Line N^o -70 W one hundred and twenty poles to white Oak thence leaving his -Lines and extended S^o 60 W one hundred and seventy four poles to -two white Oaks, one double stand'^g on y'^e side of the Old wag'^n -Road thence N^o 80 W fifty Six poles to a white Oak and hic'^{ry} -in Worthingtons Line thence with his Lines S^o 10 W. two hundred -poles to a black Oak thence S^o 80 E. Sixty poles to a white Oak -thence N^o 10 E^t 25 po to a c'^r of Pitts's patent L'^d Eighty -eight poles to a large hi'^{ry} c'^r to a survey known by that of -Pitts's now Stephenson's Jr then with these Lines S^o 80 E^t one -hund'^d poles to a large white Oak and small hic'^{ry} thence S^o -87¼ E^t one hundred & Eighty four poles to two white Oaks one -of them dead & stand'^g by a path thence N^o 86 E^t thirty six -poles to a Sloaping white Oak on the edge of the s'^d path c'^r to -a survey made for W^m Davis thence with his Lines N^o 29¼ E^t one -hund'^d and fifty six poles to two read Oaks S^o 54 E^t six po to a -c'^r of his pat'^d L'^d th: with a Line therof N^o 82 E^t 82 po to -3 live hic'^{ry} thence N^o 10 W. one hund'^d and Eighty four poles -and S^o 85 W. One hund'^d and fifteen poles to the Beg: con'^g Six -hund'^d and thirteen acres. - - W^M CRAWFORD } _C. C._ - LEWIS THO^S } @@whitespace@@ Per - @@whitespace@@ G. WASHINGTON[89] - -[Footnote 89: The field notes of this survey, as well as the neatly -drawn plat of the land, is on one side of a large, loose foolscap -sheet of paper, and all in the handwriting of Washington. As the -diagram can easily be reproduced from the notes, no engraving of it -is given in this work.] - - -August 24^{th} & 25^{th} @@whitespace@@ Plats drawn - -Survey'd for Maj^r Law^e Washington y^e following Tract of Land -Beg at 3 Sycamores a Corner of Rob^t Worthington's Pa^t L^d & run -thence N^o 10° W^t 24 po. to a white Oak another of W C^r thence -N^o 5 W^t 24 po. to a hick^y another of W^g C^r th N^o 2 E^t 42 po -to a hickory W C thence N^o 24 W^t 64 po to a hic: th., N^o 49° -W^t 46 po to a white Oak th S^o W^t 74 poles to a white Oak th S^o -27 W^t 28 poles to a white Oak & hickory th: N^o 65 W^t 178 poles -to a red Oak th North 158 to a red O. th West 50 po to a white -Oak th N^o 110 poles to a white Oak & red Oak on y^e East side a -glade another Corner of his Patent L^d also a Corner of his Survey -th with those Lines N^o 89 E^t 208 po to a Large red Oak & small -hickory th N^o 19¼ E^t 262 poles to 3 Locusts in a Bottom thence -leaving his Lines & run th N^o 83° E^t 18 po to a Double hickory -near a Limestone Rock Henry Bradshaws Corner th: with his Lines -S^o 70 E^t 210 po to 3 hick^{ys} and a Locust 4 poles from a Large -red Oak on a Level Bradshaws Corner th N^o 20 E^t 68 po to a white -Oak on a Level in Bradshaws Line th S^o 50¼ E^t 137 po to Capt^n -Rutherfords beg Corner of his p^t L^d a white Oak th with his Lines -S^o 22 W^t 255 po to a red Oak and white Oak thence S^o 68° E^t 94 -poles to a Dead red Oak 2 small hick^{ys} & a Locust Rutherfords -C^r also C^r to Walter Sherley th: with Sherley's Line S^o 13° E^t -310 po to a Scubby red Oak Sherley's & Nath^l Thomas's Corner th. -with Thomas's Lines West One hund^d & twenty poles to a red Oak and -white Oak th S^o 240 poles to 2 red Oaks & an hic. Tho^s C^r in -Keys's Line th with Keys's Line N^o 72 W^t Two hund^d & fifty Six -poles to a white Oak on Worth^g River near the Mill thence N^o 2. -30 E^t 110 poles to y^e beg. - - WILLIAM CRAWFORD } _C C_ - THOMAS CARNY---- } - - -August 26^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - -Then Surveyd for Maj^r Lawrence Washington y^e Vacancy between -Worthingtons Lines beginning at y^e upper C^r of y^e Surplus L^d -2 white Oaks on y^e Edge of the Barons near Smiths--Glade & run -thence with W^y Lines S^o 72 E^t 410 poles to to a black Oak & hic: -th N^o 9° E^t 150 poles to a hick^y th N^o 68 W^t Sixty poles to a -white Oak N^o 1° E^t 154 po to a red Oak th West 110 po to a white -Oak th: S^o 35 W^t 44 po to a white Oak th-- N^o 70 W^t 102 poles -to a red Oak th S^o 89° W^t 89 poles to a white Oak th S^o 13° 15′ -W^t 206 poles to y^e Beg Con^g 570 Acres - - HUGH RANKON } _C C_ - TIMOTHY M^{C}CARTY } - ROB^T WORTHINGTON _Marker_ - - -August 28^{th} 1750 @@whitespace@@ plat drawn - -Surveyd for Capt^n George Johnston a certain Tract of waste & -ungranted Land Situate in Frederick County & on y^e S^o Side -Bullskin y^e S^o Fork thereof & bounded as followeth Beginning at -a Sycamore standing on the S^o side Bullskin C^r to y^e Haynes's -and Patrick Matthews and run thence with y^e Haynes's Line N^o 88° -W^t Three hund^d Poles to a Large hickory another of the Haynes's -Corner's thence N^o 82° W^t Two hund^d & Sixty poles to a white Oak -in y^e Line of D^r M^{c}Cormick's Patent L^d then with his Patent -Line S^o 27° W^t One hund^d & Sixty Six poles to an old black -stump in y^e Barrens s^d to be M^{c}Cormicks Corner th N^o 68° -W^t Ten & ½ poles to a small Locust th N^o 55-30 W^t Twenty four -poles to a stake near y^e Middle of y^e Water Course thence up y^e -Water N^o 85½ W^t Twelve poles to a Stake near y^e Center of y^e -Spring thence S^o--Fifty poles near to a small red Oak & hickory -in y^e Barrens then East Six hund^d & thirty poles to 3 white Oaks -in Grubbs Line thence N^o 10½ W^t Sixty Six poles thence N^o 40° -E^t--Twenty six poles between two Walnut Trees th N^o 36 E^t Fifty -poles to y^e beg: Con^g 552 Acres - - JOHN JOHNSON } _C C_ - THOMAS JONES } - JOSHUA HAYNES _M^r_ - - -Oct^r 17^{th} Then Surveyd for M^r Tho^s Loftan a certain Tract -of waste & un^d Land in F. Beg at a white Oak on y^e N E^t Side -a Meadow Col^o George Fairfax Corn^r & run thence N^o 7 E^t 34 -po to 2 small white Oaks by a the Road that Leads to Pennington -Johnston's &c^a then S^o 83 E^t 128 po to 3 small Locusts in y^e -Barrons on a knowl the S^o 7 W^t 132 po to 3 small Locust by a path -Side in a Valley near John Cozines House thence N^o 83 (W^t 128 po -to 2 red Oaks in Col^o G. Fairfax's Line thence with his Line N^o 7 -E^t 298 po to y^e Beg Cont^g 265¼ Acres @@whitespace@@ plat drawn - - JOHN COZINE } _C C_ - GEO. SMITH } - THO^S LOFTAN _M^r_ - - N. B. this plat beg at 2 red - Oaks & white Oak Col^o G. - Fx. c^r - - -Oct. 18^{th} 1750 Then Surveyd for G. Smith a certain Tract of -waste L^d Situate in Frederick County & on Long Marsh beg at 3 -small Locust on y^e N^o Side L^g M Tho^s Loftans Corner & run -thence S^o E^t 220 po to 3 white Oak Sap^l thence S^o 7 W^t 200 po -to Long Marsh 312 po to 3 white Oaks th: N W^t 220 po to a a white -Oak in Thom^s Loftan's Line & 38 po from his C^r from thence with -his Line to the beg. Con^g 335 Acres - - @@whitespace@@ plat drawn - JOHN COZINE } _C. C_ - THOM^S LOFTAN } - OWEN THO^S _M^r_ - - -Oct^r 18^{th} Then Survey'd for John Cuszine a Tract of L^d Situate -& joining Col^o G. Fairf^x Beg at a hick^y & red Oak Fx C^r & -run with his Line S^o 30 W^t 220 po to 2 red Oaks in his Line th -leaving his Line S^o 60 E^t 182 poles to a hickory on a Level -thence N^o 30 E^t 310 po to G. Smiths Line about 8 po from his -C^r within his Line thence with his Line N^o 45° W^t 210 poles to -a white Oak in Tho^s Loftans Line thence with his Line S^o 7 W^t -20 poles to 3 small Locust by a path his C^r thence with an^r of -his Lines N^o 83 W^t 128 poles to 2 red Oaks his C^r in Col^o G. -Fairfaxs line thence with his Lines S^o 7 W^t 90 poles to a large -white Oak Fx th S^o 60 E^t 90 poles to y^e beg Con^g 455 Acres -@@whitespace@@ plat drawn - - THO^S LOFTAN JUN^R } _CC_ - G. SMITH } - JOHN COZINE - - -Oct^r 19^{th} Then Survey'd for Isabella Jump a certain Tract of -waste & ungranted L^d joining her Patent L^d beg at a white Oak -near a path & run thence N^o 96 po thence S^o 60 W^t 88 po to a -hick^y on y^e rising of a knowl thence N^o 73° W^t 26 po ab^t a rod -further than a Large red Oak & hick^y th: N 4 E^t 84 po to a red -Oak in Tho^s Colston L^d thence with his Line S^o W^t 125 po to a -hick^y near a path about 40 y^{ds} from Fairfax C^y Road th S^o 76 -E^t 194 po to y^e Beg Con^g 65 Acres - - @@whitespace@@ plat drawn - GEORGE HAMPTON } _C C_ - STEPHEN SEBASTIAN } - JOSEPH HAMPTON - - -Oct^r 19^{th} Then Surveyd for John Vance a certain Tract of waste -L^d joining & beg at a hick^y Tho^s Colston's Corn^r & run thence -with his Line N^o W^t 120 po to a small locust & red Oak in rich -Barons thence S^o W^t 200 po near a small white Oak & burn't topt -D^o in a hollow Glade thence S^o E^t 260 po. near 2 red Oaks on a -knowl in y^e Barons thence N^o E^t 200 po to a hick^y on a knowl -thence N^o 26¼ E^t 70 po to a red Oak in Widow Jumps Line th with -her Line N^o 76 W^t 134 poles to ye Beg Con^g 353 Acres - - WILLIAM CRAWFORD } _C C_ @@whitespace@@ plat drawn - THO^S HAMPTON } - ALEX^R VANCE - - -Oct^r 19^{th} then Survey'd for John Anderson Beg. at 2 red Oaks -John Vances C^r & run thence S^o 82 po to a hick^y & red Oak on -a knowl thence S^o 54 W^t 114 to 2 white Oaks in Carter's Line -thence with his Line N^o 58¼ W^t 140 po th N^o 30 E^t 8 po to two -hick^{ys} in Carters Line y^e Course to be Drawn straight which is -N^o 56 W^t 140 thence N^o 30 E^t 198 po to a Large red Oak & hick^y -on a level in John Vances Line thence with his th S^o E^t 150 po to -y^e Beg Con^g 192 Acres - - @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - ISAAC FOSTER } _C. C._ - RALPH CROFT } - JOHN MILLER _M^r_ - 260 - 150 - - -Oct^r 22^d 1750 Then Surveyd for Isaac Foster a cert^n Tract of -L^d beg: at 2 white Oak in Carters Line & run thence N^o 50 E^t 23 -po to a red Oak ab^t 4 pole from Fosters house th N^o 31½ E^t 204 -p^o to a hic^y & small white Oak th S^o 66 E^t 45 po to a small -white Oak & burnt topt D^o John Vances C^r thence with Vances Line -S^o E^t 110 poles to a large red Oak & hic^y John Andersons C^r -in Vances Line th with Andersons Line S^o 30 W--ly 8 poles to 2 -hick^{ys} in Mess^{rs} Carters Line finally along Vances Line N^o -56 W^t 167 poles to y^e beg Con^g 203 Acres - - @@whitespace@@ plat drawn - JOHN ANDERSON } _C C_ - RALPH CROFT } - JOHN MILLER _M^r_ - - -Oct^r 22^d Then Surveyd for Sam^l Isaac Beg at 2 white Oaks in C^r -Line & Isaac Foster's C^r & run thence with his Lines N^o 50° E^t -23 po to a red Oak th N^o 31½ E^t 206 po to a hic^y th N^o 57 W^t -320 po to 2 small Locust & one hick^y in a clear spot then S^o 31½ -W^t 206 po to 5 red Oak Saplins in Carters Line thence with his -Line S^o 56 E^t 308 poles to y^e beg Con^g 415 Acres - - @@whitespace@@ plat drawn - RALPH CROFT } _C C_ - JOHN ANDERSON } - JOHN MILLER _M^r_ - - -Oct^r 23^d Then Surveyd for Capt^n Isaac Penington a certain Tract -of waste L^d joining his own Patent L^d beg. at a white Oak a -Corn^r of his Patent L^d & run th S^o 45 W^t 30 po to Morris's -Patent C^r 260 po to 4 small black Oaks in Sam^l Isaac's C^r -thence with his Line S^o 57 E^t 298 to a hick^y his C^r likewise -Corner to Isaac foster thence with his Line S^o 66 E^t 45 po to a -small white Oak & burnt topt D^o his C^r also C^r to John Vance -thence with Vance's Line N E^t 200 po to a small Locust & red Oak -in Rich Barons in Isaac Peningtons Line thence with his Line N^o -W^t 335 to y^e Beg Con^g 445 - - @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - HENRY HENDRICKS } _C C_ - JOHN URTON } - ISAAC PENINGTON _M^r_ - - -Oct^r 23^d Then Surveyd for Patrick Rice a tract of waste L^d on -y^e head of Long Marsh beg at 2 white Oaks on y^e N^o Side of Long -Marsh & run thence S^o 22 W^t 154 po to 2 red Oak Saplins Nath^l -Daughilys C^r on a knowl th N^o 68 W^t 320 po to 3 red Oaks in -Rocky Limestone Ground thence N^o 22 E^t 200 po to 2 red Oaks & one -white O. Saplins near a stooping white Oak in Limestones th S^o 68 -E^t 320 po to 2 hick^{ys} from thence to y^e Beg Cont^g 400 Acres - - @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - HENRY HENDRICKS - JOHN URTON _C C_ - PATRICK RICE _M^r_ - - N. B. this plat I have made - to begin at y^e two red Oaks - on y^e S^o side Long Marsh - - -Oct^r 24. Survey'd for John Madden a tract at Joes Hole beg at -a white Oak _about_ on y^e Fairfax Road & Run thence S^o E^t -200 near 3 Small Locust in y^e M^h thence S^o W^t 320 po ab^t 1 -pole from a hic^y on a Limestone Ridge thence N^o W^t 200 po to -a Limestone Rock 4 M near two small mark'd Red Oak Saplins in -Very Rocky Ground th N^o E^t 320 po to y^e Beg Cont^g 400 Acres -@@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - - THOMAS HAMPTON } _C C_ - JEREMIAH WOOD } - JOHN LINDSEY--_Mark^r_ - - -Oct^r 24^{th} Survey'd for Jeremiah Wood a certain Tract of Waste -L^d Begin Carters Line & Sam^l Isaac's C^r 5 red Oaks and Run -thence with his Line N^o 31½ E^t 206 po to 3 Small Locusts another -of Isaac's C^r thence N^o 60 W^t 216 po to a Dead hickory & live -red Oak & white Oak Saplins in y^e Barains th S^o 31½ W^t 244 po to -a red Oak in Mess^{rs} Corners Line thence with his S^o 73½ E^t 100 -th N^o 60 E^t 12 po to 2 white Oaks & a hick^y Carters Corner y^e -Course which is S^o 89 E^t 110 to be drawn straight th to y^e beg. -S^o 56 E^t 112 poles Cont^g 292 Acres - - SAM^L ISAAC - THO^S M^{C}CLAHAN - JER^H WOOD - - -Oct^r 27^{th} then Surveyd for Rob^t Ashby Beg at 2 white Oak in -Carters Line & run thence N^o 11 W^t 192 po to a forked red Oak -near a Glade th N^o 81 E^t 333 po to white Oak Saplins & one red -Oak 320 po to Fairfax Road th S^o 11 E^t 56 po to a red Oak on -a Ridge thence S^o 30 W^t 76 po to a red Oak white Oak & Locust -thence S^o 11 E^t 55 po to 3 small hic^y Saplins in Mess^{rs} -Carters Line th to y^e Beg. S^o 77 W^t 283 poles Con^g 346 Acres - - @@whitespace@@ plat drawn - JOHN URTON - STEP^H SOUTHERD - ROB^T ASHBY _M^r_ - - -@@whitespace@@ plat drawn - -Oct^r 29^{th} Survey'd for Hannah Southerd late Widow to Peter -Camperlin & Jacob & Sam^l Camperlin a cert^n Tract of Waste L^d -Beg. at a fork'd red Oak near a Glade & run thence with his Line -N^o 81° E^t 333 po xing Fairfax Road to 2 white Oak Saplins & -one red Oak D^o thence N^o 05 W^t 182 po to red Oak in Col^o G -Fairfax's Line thence with his Line N^o 75 W^t 144 po to a red Oak -Fx Col^o Fx C^r also C^r to Johnstons patent th with his Line South -160 po. to a Locust Stake in a Corn Field th N^o 60 W^t 52 po to -Johnstons C^r 2 white Oaks then went to y^e white Oak Rob^t Ashbys -C^r and extend^d th N^o 11 W--51 poles to a red O. white O. & -locust in Vances Line th: with Vances Line N^o E^t 31 poles N^o 26½ -E^t 70 poles to W. Jumps Line th: to y^e tother C^r Con^g 311 Acres - - JOHN URTON - JOHN SHEELY - STEPHEN SOUTHERD - - this plat is made to beg^n - in Widow Jumps Line - Vance c^r & to run first - with Vances Line - -Oct^r 29th Survey'd for Rob^t Fox a Tract Beg. at 2 white Oaks -Rob^t Ashbys C^r in Carters Line R A & run thence with Ashbys Line -N^o 55 W^t 192 to Ashbys C^r 243 po to a red Oak a hick^y & Locust -in Vances Line thence with his Line S^o W^t 168 po to Vances C^r 3 -red Oaks on a knowl also C^r to John Anderson thence with Andersons -Line S^o 82 poles to a a hickory & red Oak anoth^r of Andersons -C^{rs} thence S^o 54 W^t 114 po to White Oaks in Carters Line -thence with his Line S^o 56 E^t 36 po to a a white Oak & hick^y in -y^e Turn of Carters Line thence with his Line N^o 79 E^t 237 poles -to y^e Beg Con^g 1216 Acres - - @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - JOHN URTON } _C C_ - JOHN SHEELY } - ROB^T FOX - - -Oct^r 30^{th} 1750 - -Surveyd for Capt^n George Neavil a Tract beg at a Walnut Morris's -patent C^r & run thence N^o W^t 200 po to a Spanish Oak on a Ridge -of Rocks thence S^o W^t 321 po two red Oak Saplins on y^e N^o Side -Fairfax Road thence S^o E^t 200 po to 3 red Oak Saplins th N 50 -E^t 52 po to a red Oak C^r to Morris's Patent thence to y^e Beg -Containing 400 Acres @@whitespace@@ plat drawn - - THOMAS HAMPTON - RICH^D HAMPTON 52 - FRANCIS CARNEY 92 - --- - 144 - -N. B I have made the above L^d a parrallelogram - - -November 3^d 1750 @@whitespace@@ Plat drawn - -Then Surveyd for Capt^n Marquis Calmes Beg on y^e S^o Side Bullskin -& in Capt^n G. Johnstons Line 3 white Oak & run th. with his Line -N^o 20 po to a stake in y^e Center spring of head of Bullskin -Johnstone C^r th down y^e Water Course S^o 5½ E^t 12 po & to a -stake in y^e stream another of Johnston's C^{rs} thence leaving y^e -Water & run thence N^o 5 E^t 148 po to a red Oak th N^o 48 E^t 19 -pole to a red Oak in D^r M^{c}Cormick's Line th with his Line N^o -24 po to a hick^y & red Oak M^{c}Cormicks C^r the true C^r is N^o -35 E^t--126 to a double red Oak y^e pat^t mentions a hic^y at 256 -po: N^o 258 Pole to a red Oak Walnut & Locust in a rich spot of -Ground th S^o 80 W^t 192 po to 3 White Oaks on a Stoney Ridge th -N^o 60 W^t 148 po. to 3 red Oaks on a Stony Ridge th S^o 30 W^t 380 -po to 2 small hickorys near two white Oaks thence S^o 52 E^t 428 -poles to a white Oak & two red Oaks thence N^o 85 E^t 40 po to y^e -Beg Cont^g 1170 Acres - - ROERT WORTHINGTON } _C C_ - JAMES M^{C}CORMICK } - CAPT^N MARQUIS CALMES _Marker_ - - -Beg at a red Oak and hick^y Davis's & Stephensons C^r & run thence -S^o 42--15 W^t 220 po to y^e Marsh 240 po to a small white Oak in -Stephensons Line 294 po to a stake near a markt white Oak thence -S^o 30 E^t 20 poles to a white Oak Col^o G Fx's Corner thence to -y^e beg y^e above was an addition made to Mr Fairfaxs Tract[90] - -[Footnote 90: The survey of November 3^d, 1750 for Captain -Marquis Calmes has several pencil lines drawn across it, with the -memorandum also in pencil and in Washington's handwriting:--"Get -y^e last Surveys returnd to y^e Office----".] - - - - -INDEX. - - - Academy attended, 11. - - Academy in Westmoreland, 11. - - Agent of Lord Fairfax, 68. - - Ague and fever, 66. - - Alexandria, charter for, 53. - - Alexandria, course of river front, 56. - - Alleghany mountains, 12, 25, 29, 32. - - Ambler. Edward, 18, 60. - - Anderson. Barthalamore, 73. - - Anderson. John, 124, 125, 129. - - Antietam creek, 31. - - Appalachian range, 21. - - Arlington. Lord, 77. - - Arnold. Jonathan, 107, 108. - - Arnold. Josiah, 102. - - Arnold. Richard, Sr., 71, 98, 99, 100. - - Arnold. Richard, Jr., 98, 99, 113. - - Ash tree, 44, 48, 88. - - Ashby. Capt., 21. - - Ashby. Henry, 28, 39, 55. - - Ashby. Robert, 28, 55, 128, 129. - - Ashby. Genl. T. W., 22. - - Ashby's Bent, 52. - - Ashby's Ferry, 47. - - Ashby's Gap, 19. - - Assembly of Va., 26, 68. - - Augusta Co., Va., 20, 25, 40, 80, 81, 82, 83, 104, 105, 106. - - Augusta Co., Va., boundary, 55. - - Augusta Co., Va., formed, 79. - - - Baggage came, 28. - - Baker. Samuel, 86, 87. - - Baker. William, 86. - - Baltimore. Lord, 32. - - Barbadoes, island of, 30, 54. - - Barnes, Richard, Gent., 76, 77, 78, 80. - - Baronies or manors, 39. - - Barony of Cameron, 24. - - Barwick. Thomas, 29. - - Bath, England, 19. - - Bath Warm Springs, Va., 29, 30. - - Battle between Delawares and Catawbas, 37. - - Beards, full, not in fashion, 69. - - Beaumont and Fletcher, 36. - - Beautifully kept copy book, 10. - - Bed-rooms rarely heated, 70. - - Beds, poor, 26. - - Belvoir, books at, 67, 68. - - Belvoir estate described, 17. - - Belvoir in view from Mt. Vernon, 15. - - Belvoir mansion burnt, 18, 19. - - Belvoir, the home of the Fairfaxes, 15. - - "Bent," a large river bottom, 52. - - Berkeley Co., Va., 18, 50. - - Berkeley. Governor, 77. - - Beverley manor, 40. - - Beverley Mills, now Stanton, 79. - - Big Kettle, 32. - - Big Shawnee Spring, 25. - - Big Spoon, 32. - - Black oak, 81. - - Black smith, 48. - - Black walnut, 28, 47, 48. - - Blackburn. Col., 28. - - Bladen. Col. Martin, 68. - - Bladen. Gov. Thomas, 31. - - Blair. John, 68. - - "Blaze," a surveyor's term, 47. - - "Blazed" trees, 47. - - Blue ridge, 12, 20, 21, 51. - - Born a leader, 9. - - Braddock. General, 20, 31. - - Bradshaw. Henry, 119. - - Brentville, 21. - - Brother Austin, 67. - - Brother Lawrence, 52, 66, 67. - - Brown. Samuel, 95. - - Buffalo paths and Indian trails, 52. - - Bull Run, 21. - - Bullskin creek, 115, 121. - - Burch trees, 85, 86, 87. - - Burroughs. Ann, 20. - - Burwell's Island, 21. - - Butler. Jane, first wife of A. W., 52. - - - Cacapehon mountain, 40. - - Cacapehon river, 73, 79, 80, 81, 85, 86, 88, 89, 91, 92, 93, 95, 96, - 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 112. - - Calmes. Captain Marquis, 130. - - Camp at Mr. Stumps, 41, 42. - - Campbell. Maj., 29. - - Camperlin. Jacob, 128. - - Camperlin. Peter, 128. - - Camperlin. Samuel, 128. - - Canoe, crossed Potomac to Md., 30. - - Canoe, recrossed to Virginia, 34. - - Carlyle. John, 53, 68. - - Carney. Francis, 129. - - Carney. Thomas, 120. - - Carter's line, 124, 125, 127, 129. - - Carthegenia expedition, 53. - - Cary. Anna, 60. - - Cary. Elizabeth, 60. - - Cary. Mary, 18, 59, 60. - - Cary. Sarah, 18, 60. - - Cary. Wilson, 18, 59. - - Cary. Wilson Miles, 60. - - Cassey. Peter, 49, 50. - - Catawba Indians, 36. - - Cates' marsh, 25, 26, 27, 56. - - Caudy. James, 99. - - Caudy's Castle, 99. - - Cellars. Elias, 42. - - Chainmen on surveys, 28, 39, 55, 78, 79, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, - 95, 96, 97, 101, 109, 117, 120, 122, 123, 124, 126, 127. - - Charles II, 77. - - Charlottesburg, now Cumberland, 65. - - Chartier's creek, Pa., 20. - - Chartier's creek, town projected at, 65. - - Chestnut trees, 75, 81. - - Chestnut oak, 42, 44, 48, 87. - - Chinese table furniture, 36. - - Chips for plates, 51. - - Clay Lick Run, 39, 40. - - Clark. Deborah, 68. - - Clean shaved faces, 69. - - Clearfield Co., Pa., 50. - - Coddy's on Great Cacapehon, 51. - - Coburns early settlers in valley, 38. - - Cohongoruton or Potomac, 29. - - Colchester, Fairfax Co. charter, 53. - - Colins. John, 51. - - Collector of customs, 68. - - Collins. Luke, 85, 103. - - Colston, Raleigh, Esq., 24. - - Colston. Thomas, 123. - - Columbia, Pa., 30. - - Commission of plantations, 77. - - Constant. John, 108, 109. - - Continental Army, 46. - - Contraction of first names, 67. - - Cooked their own meats, 51. - - Corder. Edward, 78, 79, 95. - - Corner trees blaze, 47. - - Coryate. Thomas, 35. - - Council with Indians, 64. - - Course of river at Alexandria, 56. - - Court, November, in Frederick Co., 70. - - Cox. Friend, 111. - - Cozine. John, 27. - - Cozine's. John, house, 122, 123. - - Craig. Major Isaac, 21. - - Crawford. William, 116, 117, 118, 120, 124. - - Cresap. Col. Thomas, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 64. - - Cresap. Daniel, 32. - - Cresap. Michael, 32. - - Cresap's map, 32. - - Croft. Ralph, 124, 125. - - Culpeper. Catherine, 23, 77. - - Culpeper, Lord Gov. of Va., 77. - - Culpeper, Lord Thomas, 23, 77. - - Culpeper, widow of lord, 77. - - Culpeper Co., History of, 76, 77. - - Culpeper Co. "Minute Men," 77. - - Culpeper Co., surveyor of, 79. - - Culpeper Court-House, 78. - - Cumberland, Md., 32, 34. - - - Daughily. Nathaniel, 126. - - "Daughter of the Stars," 22. - - Davids Run, Frederick Co., 89. - - Davis. William, 115, 117. - - Davis. Worthington, 116. - - Dawson. Isaac, 109, 110. - - "Dear Friend John," 57. - - Deer, wild, in Fairfax Co., 39. - - Delaware Indians, 36, 37. - - Denny, Lord Fairfax, 24. - - Denton. Robert, 71, 80, 104, 105. - - Dilouza. James, 96, 97, 106. - - Dinner with wine, etc., 28. - - Dinwiddie. Gov., 64. - - Discrete in use of liquors, 29. - - Dishes, had none, 51. - - Dividing line, 32. - - Dogwood trees, 81. - - Double dating, 15. - - Doubloon a day, 63. - - Draft of letter to Lord Fairfax, 73. - - Draft of letter to sister-in-law, 66. - - Dulany, Mr., of Maryland, 31. - - Dumfries, 21. - - Dunbar. Ann, 71, 82, 83, 104. - - Dunbar. John, 82, 104. - - Duncan. William, 39. - - Dunmore's Indian War, 20. - - Dutch, speaking no English, 45. - - - Early maps of Va., 52. - - Edwards. David, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 96, 97. - - Edwards. Joseph, 88, 98, 99. - - Edwards. Thomas, 88, 98. - - Elm trees, 87. - - Elizabeth City, Co., Va., 59. - - Ellswick. John, 83. - - Ellswick. John, Sr., 72. - - Employment, first, 9. - - England and the calendar, 15. - - Enoch. Henry, 108, 112. - - Episcopal Church, 26. - - Everett, 60. - - Expert in surveying, 11. - - - Fairfax. Anne, 53, 68. - - Fairfax. Rev. Bryan, 19, 24, 60, 68. - - Fairfax. Catherine, 77. - - Fairfax. Ferdinand, 19. - - Fairfax. George William, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 27, 45, 49, 51, 52, - 54, 59, 60, 68, 72, 73, 115, 121, 122, 123. - - Fairfax. Hannah, 69. - - Fairfax. Henry, 23, 67. - - Fairfax. Robert, 24. - - Fairfax. Sarah, 68. - - Fairfax. Capt. Thomas, 68. - - Fairfax. Lord Thomas, 11, 12, 15, 20, 22, 26, 37, 53, 68. - - Fairfax. Hon. William, 11, 15, 18, 23, 67, 69. - - Fairfax, Hon. Wm., Trustee, 53. - - Fairfax. Wm. Henry, 69. - - Fairfax Co., its formation, 52, 117. - - Fairfax land office, 13. - - Fairfax manor, 40. - - Fauntleroy. Betty, 61. - - Feather bed, 29. - - Federal Constitution, 37. - - Field book of surveys, 75, 76. - - Field notes of surveys, 12, 13, 74. - - Fifteen Mile creek, 63. - - Filial reverence, 10. - - First road over the Alleghanies, 31. - - Flag of "Culpeper Minute Men," 77. - - Fleas and other vermin, 26. - - Flesh fork, 35. - - Fork of S. Branch, 38, 40. - - Forked sticks for spits, 51. - - Fort Ashby, 22, 34. - - Fort Loudoun, 26. - - Fort Wolf, 47. - - Forts in Frederick Co., 26. - - Forts, to build, on Ohio, 65. - - Forts, to garrison, against Indians, 64. - - Foster. Isaac, 124, 126. - - Fox. Robert, 129. - - Foxes, wild, near Washington, 39. - - Frankfort on Patterson creek, 22. - - Franklin. Ben., 65. - - Frederick county, 20, 24, 25, 26, 34, 45, 50, 54, 55, 85, 87, 88, 89, - 91, 95, 100, 101, 102, 106, 107, 108, 114, 121, 122. - - Fredericksburg, Va., 19, 61. - - French and English on Ohio, 31. - - French, early adopt knife and fork, 35. - - Friend. John, 111. - - Friend. Nicholas, 111. - - Frontier cabins, 27. - - Fry and Jefferson's map, 20. - - - "Game," a fictitious term, 28. - - Genn. James, 21, 51, 55, 56. - - German emigrants, 45. - - German Protestants, 45. - - German regiments, 46. - - Germans in Shenandoah Valley, 45, 47. - - Gist. Christopher, 64. - - Glade. "Smith's," 120. - - Gooch, Governor, of Va., 25, 37. - - Good humor, 28. - - Goony Run manor, 39. - - Great bend in Shenandoah, 52. - - Great Cacapehon, 63. - - Great Valley of Virginia, 13. - - Greathouse, 32. - - Greeks did not have table forks, 35. - - Greenway Court, 18, 22. - - Greenway Court, library at, 67. - - Greenway Court manor, 39. - - Gregorian chronology, 15. - - Grubb's line, 121. - - Grymes. Miss Lucy, 60. - - Gum trees, 90, 93. - - - Half brother--Lawrence, 10, 12, 66. - - Hamilton. James, 80. - - Hamilton, James, Jr., 72. - - Hampshire Co., Va., 34, 39. - - Hampton. George, 123. - - Hampton. Joseph, 123. - - Hampton. Richard, 129. - - Hampton. Thomas, 124, 127, 129. - - Hanbury. John, 64. - - Hancock, Maryland, 63. - - Hardy Co., Va., 20, 22, 37, 39, 40, 73. - - Harris. Henry, 47. - - Harrison. Ann, 23. - - Havre-de-Grace, Md., 30. - - Hay, stack of, 50. - - Haynes. Joshua, 121. - - Hedges. Solomon, 34. - - Hedgman creek, 80. - - Hemp and tobacco, 24. - - Hendricks. Henry, 126. - - Henry. Patrick, 70. - - Hogan. Edward, 78, 79, 80, 81, 105. - - Hickory trees, 28, 41, 46, 48, 55. - - Historical year, 15. - - Hite. Capt. Joist, 24, 25, 51. - - Horner. George, 72. - - Horse jockey, 37. - - House of Burgesses, 53. - - How. Josh., 83, 84. - - Howard's early settlers, 38. - - Howt. Jos., from N. E., 72. - - Hughes. Elias, 93. - - Hughes. Hugh, 92, 93. - - Hughes. Thomas, 91, 92. - - Hughes. William, Jr., 92, 93, 94. - - Hughes. William, Sr., 92, 93. - - Humphras. Mrs., 70. - - Hunting creek plantation, 53. - - Hunting lodge, 22. - - Hyatt. George, 89. - - - Illinois formed from Va., 55. - - Indian dance, 33. - - Indian scalp, 33. - - Indian trails lead through the mountain passes, 52. - - Indiana formed from Va., 55. - - Indians returning from war, 33. - - Indians, trading with, 31. - - Introduction, 9. - - Introduction of table forks, 35. - - Inventory of articles bought at Fairfax sale, 16, 17. - - Irving, 60. - - Isaacs. Samuel, 125, 126, 127. - - Italy, use of knife and fork, 35. - - - Jamestown, Va., 60. - - Jefferson Co., Va., 50. - - Jefferson. Thomas, 32. - - "Jesuit Bird," 38. - - Jet. Francis, 75, 76. - - "Joe's Hole," 126. - - Johnston, 122, 128. - - Johnston. Abram, 34. - - Johnston. Capt. George, 120, 130. - - Johnston. John, 121. - - Johnston. Thomas, 54, 55. - - Johnston. Miss, marries T. Cresap, 30. - - Johnstones. William, 28. - - Jones. Thomas, 121. - - Journal, a literal transcript of, 13. - - Journal, a private memorandum, 14. - - Journal mutilated, 56. - - Journal of my journey over the mountains, 12. - - Journal of voyage to Barbadoes, 12. - - Judas tree, 47. - - Jump. Isabella, 123. - - Jump. Widow, 124, 128. - - Justice of the peace, 34. - - Juvenile letters, 54. - - - Kanawha river, 64. - - Keith. John, 108, 109. - - Kentucky formed from Va., 55. - - Kercheval's History of the Valley, 22, 25, 36. - - Keys. T., 116, 117, 120. - - King. George, 65. - - King George Co., Va., 21. - - King of Hungary, 35. - - Kinnison. Edward, Jr., 95. - - Kinsman. Samuel, 72. - - Kinson. James, 71. - - Kittatinny mountain, 21. - - Knife and fork at table, 34. - - - Lafayette. General, 21. - - Land office, 12. - - Land rights, 40. - - Land surveying profitable, 11. - - Land title, 37. - - Land warrants, form of, 72. - - Lane. Richard, 112. - - Lee. Arthur, 54. - - Lee. George, 54. - - Lee. Genl. Henry, 24, 60. - - Lee. Richard Henry, 54, 64. - - Lee. Thomas, 64. - - Leeds Castle, England, 24, 77. - - Letters, a study for, 57, 58, 62. - - Letters, drafts of, 57, 58. - - Lieutenant of Frederick Co., 23. - - Limestone rocks, 28. - - Lindsay. John, 127. - - Lindsay. Robert, 107. - - Lindsay. William, 28, 55. - - Liquor given Indians, 33. - - List of clothes, 69. - - Little Cacapehon, 63, 111. - - Liveron. Michael Calb, 44. - - Lizenby. Daniel, 104, 105. - - Locust trees, 49, 55. - - Loftan. Thomas, 121, 122, 123. - - Loftan. Thomas, Jr., 123. - - Logan, friend of the whites, 32. - - Logan, Indian chief, 32. - - Lonem. John, 78, 79, 88, 89, 90, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, - 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113. - - Long Marsh, 26, 27, 31, 54, 55, 56, 122, 126. - - Lord Baltimore, 32. - - Lordship's quarters, 22. - - Lost his father, 9. - - Lost River, 79, 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, 87, 103, 105. - - Lost the road, 52. - - "Lots," a surveyor's term, 36, 37. - - Loudoun Co., Va., 52. - - "Low Land Beauty," 59, 60. - - Lowther's College, 68. - - Lutheran Church, 46. - - Lynch. Barnaby, 100. - - Lynn trees, 81, 84, 85, 86, 103. - - - McBride. Francis, 81, 82, 104. - - McBride. William, 82. - - McCarty. Timothy, 120. - - McCay. James, 113, 114. - - McClahan. Thomas, 127. - - McCormick. Dr. James, 121, 130. - - McHandry. Barnaby, 85. - - McKannary. Barnaby, 71. - - McKeaver and son, 97. - - McKeaver. Darby, Jr., 95, 96, 113. - - McKeaver. Darby the elder, 72, 96. - - McKleduff. Daniel, 116, 117. - - McKoy. James, 71. - - Madden. John, 126. - - Manor lines, 39, 46, 49. - - Manor of Leads, 39. - - Manorial grants in Va., 39. - - Manors in N. Y. or Patroons, 40. - - Markers on surveys, 28, 39, 55, 78, 79, 80, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 90, - 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 101, 109, 115, 120, 122, 123, 124, - 126, 127. - - Mason. George, 31, 64. - - Mason, George, trustee, 53. - - Mathematics, his aptitude in, 10. - - Matthews. Patrick, 121. - - Maple trees, 84, 85. - - Marshall. Chief Justice, 24. - - Martin, Rev. Denny, name changed, 24. - - Maryland house wife, 66. - - Matured early in life, 14. - - Mead. Bishop, 60. - - Mecklenburg, Va., 46. - - Memorandum for a coat, 62. - - Memorandum of clothes, 69. - - Mercer. George, 65. - - Miller. John, 124, 125. - - Miller, Wm., horse jockey, 105. - - Minute Men's flag, 77. - - Monongahela river, 61. - - Monroe. John, 74. - - Moor. Philip, 47, 48. - - Morefield, Va., 40. - - Morgan Co., Va., 30. - - Morgan. Gen. Daniel, 21. - - Morris's patent, 125, 129. - - Morton. Rev. Andrew, 18. - - Mother of G. Washington, 9. - - Mount Vernon, 10, 18, 52, 53, 68. - - Mouth of S. Branch, 45. - - Muhlenberg. Rev. Maj. Gen., 46. - - Musgrove. Edward, 114, 115. - - Musgrove. John, 15. - - Music by Indians, 33. - - My journey over the mountains, 15. - - - N. B., 56. - - Namacolin, an Indian chief, 31. - - Nassau, New Providence, 68. - - National road, 31. - - Nave. Leonard, 44. - - Neck of land, 110. - - Neighbors supply provisions, 51. - - Neville. Amelia, 21. - - Neville. George, 15, 19, 129. - - Neville. Brig. Genl. John, 20. - - Neville. Col. Joseph, 20. - - Neville. Presley, 21. - - Neville's ordinary, 20. - - New Providence, 65. - - Newton. John, 108. - - Nicholas. Robert Carter, 60. - - Nickson. George, 101. - - Night caps, 69. - - No idle boy life, 14. - - Norman's ford, 78. - - Norman's line, 78. - - North American Indians, 52. - - North branch, 32. - - North mountain, 26, 32. - - North river of Cacapehon, 106. - - Northern neck of Va., 11, 23, 72, 77. - - Note book of memoranda, 54. - - - Occoquan river, 19, 21. - - Old fields, 49, 50. - - Old Town, 31, 64. - - Oldham. Winifred, 20. - - Ohio company, 53, 63, 64, 65. - - Ohio river, head of, 25, 31. - - Ohio, State of, founded, 55. - - Opequon river, 25, 45. - - Orange Co., Va., 25. - - Oratory of Indians, 32. - - Osborne. Jeremiah, 48. - - Owen. Thomas, 122. - - - Parke. John, Jr., 89, 90. - - Parke. John, Sr., 98, 113. - - Parke. Roger, 113. - - Parker. John, 112. - - Parker. Thomas, Sr., 100. - - Patroons, barons of manor lands in N. Y., 40. - - Patterson creek manor, 39. - - Patterson's creek, 22, 34. - - Peach bottom, 30. - - Peaks of Otter, 21. - - Pendleton Co., W. Va., 32, 37, 40. - - Pennington. Capt. Isaac, 24, 121, 125, 126. - - Pennsylvania, 25. - - People follow the surveyors, 45, 48, 49. - - Pernicious weeds, 27. - - Persimon trees, 75. - - Picture of a war dance, 34. - - Pilot in surveying, 28, 55. - - Pine trees, 42. - - Pinson. Aaron, 42. - - Plat of early surveys, 11. - - Plat of "Hell Hole," 11. - - Plat of survey, 79. - - Plat of turnip field, 11. - - Plats drawn, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 88, 89, 90, 92, 93, 95, 98, 100, - 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 111, 114, 115, - 118, 119, 120, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130. - - Plumb. Samuel, 111. - - Prince William Co., 19. - - Point Lookout, 29. - - Poisoned fields, 27, 28. - - Polk, Charles, of Md., 30. - - Pope's creek, Westmoreland Co., 52. - - Poplar trees, 81. - - Portrait of Major Washington, 54. - - Potomac, head spring of, 80. - - Potomac river, 21, 23, 31, 109. - - Potomac river, high water, 29. - - Powell. Joseph, 90, 91, 92, 93. - - Pownall. S., 65. - - Pownall's, Gov. map, 20. - - President of Council, 68. - - Prince William Co., 15, 21, 52. - - Proprietary rights, 77. - - Provisions exhausted, 51. - - Pugh. Evan, 90, 91, 92. - - Pugh. Evan, Jr., 91, 93, 100. - - Pugh. Jacob, 90, 91, 92. - - Pugh. Jacob, Jr., 90, 100. - - Pulmonary trouble, 54. - - - Quebec, storming of, 69. - - - Ramsay, William, trustee of Alexander, 53. - - Randolph. Senator, 77. - - Rankon. Hugh, 120. - - Rappahannock river, 19, 23. - - Rattle snake, 52. - - Raynal. Abbe, 32. - - Razor in toilet outfit, 69. - - Red bud trees, 46. - - Red oak trees, 28, 44. - - Redstone creek storehouse, 65. - - Reed. Peter, 41. - - Regar. Anthony, 42. - - Reward for man scalps, 33, 34. - - Rice. Patrick, 126. - - Rich barons, 124. - - Rich lands, 24. - - Road made over the Alleghany, 31, 65. - - Roberts. John, 78. - - Robinson. Nicholas, 93, 94, 95. - - Roe. Richard, 75. - - Rogers. Gov. Wood, 68. - - Romans without knives and forks, 35. - - Royal charter, 32. - - "Rules of civility," 26, 35. - - Russell, J. A., Esq., 72. - - Rutherford. Capt. Reuben, 115, 119. - - Rutledge. James, 37, 38, 39. - - - Sale at Belvoir, 16, 19. - - Salem, Massachusetts, 68. - - Salt Lick, 40. - - Scalps of Indians, rewards for, 33, 34. - - School-house, 75. - - Schools attended, 10. - - Scott. James, 83, 84, 103. - - Sebastian. Stephen, 123. - - Sheely. John, 128, 129. - - Sheets, clean, on beds, 29. - - Shenandoah Co., Va., 39. - - Shenandoah river, 21, 22, 26, 47, 52, 114. - - Shenandoah valley, 20, 25. - - Shepherdstown, Va., 37, 46. - - Sheplar. Henry, 48. - - Sheriff of Frederick Co., 20. - - Sherley. Walter, 120. - - Shoker. Harmon, 42. - - Silver four-pronged forks, 36. - - Simson. James, 46. - - Sinclair. John, 15. - - Six Nations, 29. - - Six pistoles a day, 63. - - Skilled director of surveys, 51. - - Skipton, England, 30, 31. - - Slaughter. Francis, 78. - - Sleeping in the open air, 63. - - Sleeping on cabin floors, 27. - - Smith. George, 122, 123. - - Smith. James, 102, 103, 106. - - Smith. Silvenus, 71, 88, 98, 99, 112, 113. - - Smith's Glade, 120. - - South branch manor, 39. - - South branch Potomac, 30, 32, 36. - - South mountain, 21. - - South Potomac, 68. - - Southerd. Hannah, 128. - - Southerd. Stephen, 128. - - Spanish oak, 41, 44, 46, 49. - - Spark's Washington, 79. - - Spectator, reading, 67. - - Spring branch, 46, 48. - - Spruce trees, 115. - - "Squire" (G. W. Fairfax), 36. - - St. John's wort, 27. - - Stackhouse. John, 72, 103, 106, 107, 108. - - Stafford Co., Va., 21. - - Stephenson. Richard, 115, 116. - - Stone house built by Cresap, 30. - - Stone house built by Hite, 25. - - Stone lodge, 23. - - Stony creek, 47. - - Storehouse at Red stone, 65. - - Storehouse at Will's creek, 64. - - Strasburg, Va., 46. - - Straw house, 49. - - Studied surveying, 11. - - Stump. Andrew, 103. - - Stump. Michael, 38, 40, 41, 44. - - Sugar trees, 22. - - Surveying in Shenandoah valley, 12. - - Surveyor's art, 9, 28. - - Surveyors set to work, 51. - - Swam horses over Potomac, 30, 34. - - Sycamore trees, 45, 48, 111. - - - Table cloth, 34. - - Table knife, history of, 34, 35. - - Tarred cotton cap, 70. - - Taylor. Richard, 28, 39, 55. - - Tent carried off by wind, 45. - - Tent pitched, 50. - - Thomas. James, 100, 105. - - Thomas. Lewis, 116, 117, 118. - - Thomas. Nathan, 120. - - Thornton's, 69. - - Timberless tracts of land, 50. - - Titled patron, 12. - - Tomahawk blaze, 43. - - Tomahawk claims, 43. - - "Toner Collection," 77. - - Towlston Hall, 24. - - Town creek, 63. - - Treeless prairies, 50. - - Through a narrow pass, 50. - - Trout run, 90. - - Trustees of Alexandria, 53. - - Turkeys become wild, 38. - - - Undressed for bed, 26. - - "Upper Tract," Va., 32. - - Urton. John, 126, 128, 129. - - - "Vacant," a surveyor's term, 43, 46. - - Valley of Virginia, 36. - - Vance. Alexander, 124, 129. - - Vance. John, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128. - - Van Meter. Henry, 36, 49, 50. - - Van Meter. Isaac, 25, 37. - - Van Meter. John, 25, 36, 37. - - Van Meter's Marsh, 37. - - Van Meters, sketch of, 36. - - Vermin in beds, 26. - - Vernon. Admiral, 53. - - Verses, 54, 70, 71. - - Vestall. William, 114. - - Vincy. Andrew, 71, 84, 85, 103. - - - Walker, Major, of Nassau, 68. - - Walker. Samuel, 117. - - Walker's pioneers in valley, 38. - - Walnut bottoms, 31. - - Walnut trees, 47. - - Walpole grant, 65. - - Walpole. Thomas, 65. - - Wappotomaka or South branch, 32, 40. - - War dance, 34. - - Warden. James, 103, 106. - - Warden. William, 87, 104. - - Warm spring, 29. - - Washington and the Ohio Co., 31. - - Washington cottage at Bath, 30. - - Washington county, Md., 30. - - Washington, his reading, 67, 73. - - Washington licensed a surveyor, 78. - - Washington made Major, 26. - - Washington. Anne, 54. - - Washington, Augustine, Jr., and Ohio Co., 33, 34. - - Washington. Augustine, Sr., 52, 53. - - Washington. Mrs. Aug., 66. - - Washington. Col., 18. - - Washington, George, begins life, 15. - - Washington, George, "S C C.", 78. - - Washington, George, to leave school, 10. - - Washington. Capt. Henry, 67, 75. - - Washington, Col. John, the emigrant, 52. - - Washington. John Augustine, 116. - - Washington. Lawrence, 64, 68, 116, 118, 119, 121. - - Washington. Major Lawrence, 10, 12. - - Washington, Lawrence, at Bath, 30. - - Washington, Lawrence, and Ohio Co., 31. - - Washington, Lawrence, half-brother to George, 52. - - Washington, Lawrence, married, 53. - - Washington, Lawrence, portrait of, 54. - - Washington. Mary, 9. - - Washington. Richard, 67. - - Washington. Sarah, 54. - - Washington. Warner, 69. - - Washington's diaries, 18, 20. - - Washington's purchases at sale, 16, 17. - - Watts. John, 74. - - Wearing apparel, 69. - - Welton. John, 94. - - Welton. Henry, 94. - - West Indies, 54, 68. - - West, William, of Fairfax Co., 52. - - Westmoreland Co., 68. - - Wharton. Samuel, 65. - - White oak trees, 41, 55. - - White pine trees, 80, 84. - - White walnut trees, 48, 81, 93, 94. - - White wood tree, 45, 46. - - Wiggans. Thomas, 72, 109, 111. - - Wiggans. William, 109, 111. - - Wigs worn, 70. - - Wild cherry trees, 85. - - Wild meadows, 50. - - Wild turkey eggs taken to Turkey, 38. - - Wild turkey, its name, 38. - - Wild turkey killed, 49. - - Wild turkey, native of America, 38. - - Wild turkeys, 41, 45, 49. - - William and Mary College, 78. - - Williams' Academy, 11, 66. - - Williams' gap, 52. - - Williams. Thomas, 110, 111. - - Williamsburg, Va., 67. - - Willis, Francis, Jr., 18. - - Will's creek, 31, 65. - - Wilton. John, 71. - - Winchester, Frederick Co., 19, 22, 25, 52, 80, 96. - - Wine and rum punch, 28. - - Wood. Daniel, 106. - - Wood. David, 106, 107. - - Wood. James, 25, 26. - - Wood. Jeremiah, 127. - - Woodfin. John, 94, 114. - - Woodfin. Samuel, 94. - - Woodsman, 26. - - Woodstock, Va., 45, 46, 47. - - Worthington. Robert, 116, 118, 119, 120, 121, 130. - - Wolf. Widow, 47, 48. - - Wolf's fort, 47. - - Wolf's marsh, 47. - - Wright's ferry, 30. - - Wirthlington Church, England, 19. - - - - - TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE - - Footnotes have been left in-line whenever possible. Some that were - placed mid-paragraph have been moved to the end of the paragraph. - - The original Footnote numbering has been maintained, with the - exception that one Footnote marked '*' has been replaced by '[A]'. - - Footnote A is referenced from the prior Footnote 58, not from - the text. - - Footnotes 73 and 74 have anchors in the original text and refer to - the two following illustrations, not footnotes per se. - - Footnote 87 has two anchors on the same page referencing it. - - No corrections of spelling or punctuation have been made to the - journal text. A few corrections noted below have been made to the - editor's Footnotes and to the Index: - - Footnotes: - Pg 20 Footnote 4, 'son of Geerge' replaced by 'son of George'. - Pg 25 Footnote 11, 'Opequan creek' replaced by 'Opequon creek'. - and 'on the Opecquan' replaced by 'on the Opequon'. - - Index: - 'Anderson. Bartholamore' replaced by 'Anderson. Barthalamore'. - 'Charlottsburg' replaced by 'Charlottesburg'. - 'Coady's' replaced by 'Coddy's'. - 'Coryat. Thomas' replaced by 'Coryate. Thomas'. - 'Daughely. Nathaniel' replaced by 'Daughily. Nathaniel'. - 'Hedgman's creek' replaced by 'Hedgman creek'. - 'Howt. Jno.' replaced by 'Howt. Jos.'. - 'Nevill. Amelia' replaced by 'Neville. Amelia'. - 'Opequan river' replaced by 'Opequon river'. - 'Toulston Hall' replaced by 'Towlston Hall'. - 'Walpool grant' replaced by 'Walpole grant'. - 'Walpool. Thomas' replaced by 'Walpole. Thomas'. - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Journal of my journey over the -mountains, by George Washington - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK JOURNAL OF JOURNEY OVER MOUNTAINS *** - -***** This file should be named 52395-0.txt or 52395-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/2/3/9/52395/ - -Produced by Rachael Schultz, John Campbell and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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