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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a7e5a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #51390 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/51390) diff --git a/old/51390-0.txt b/old/51390-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index fdacf1d..0000000 --- a/old/51390-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4575 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Sixth annual report of the Bureau of ethnology. (1888 N 06 / 1884-1885), by John Wesley Powell - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Sixth annual report of the Bureau of ethnology. (1888 N 06 / 1884-1885) - -Author: John Wesley Powell - -Release Date: March 8, 2016 [eBook #51390] -[Most recently updated: October 29, 2021] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Richard Tonsing, PM for Bureau of American Ethnology and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 6TH ANN. REPORT--BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY *** - - - - - LIBRARY CATALOGUE SLIPS. - - - Series Title. - - =Smithsonian institution.= _Bureau of ethnology._ - - Sixth annual report | of the | Bureau of ethnology | to the - | secretary of the Smithsonian institution | 1884-'85 | by - | J. W. Powell | director | [Vignette] | - - Washington | government printing office | 1888 - - 8°. lviii, 675 pp. incl. 15 pl. & 4 pp. of music. 8 pl. 2 - maps. - - Author title. - - =Powell= (John Wesley). - - Sixth annual report | of the | Bureau of ethnology | to the - | secretary of the Smithsonian institution | 1884-'85 | by - | J. W. Powell | director | [Vignette] | - - Washington | government printing office | 1888 - - 8°. lviii, 675 pp. incl. 15 pl. & 4 pp. of music. 8 pl. 2 - maps. - - [SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. _Bureau of ethnology._] - - Title for subject entry. - - Sixth annual report | of the | Bureau of ethnology | to the - | secretary of the Smithsonian institution | 1884-'85 | by - | J. W. Powell | director | [Vignette] | - - Washington | government printing office | 1888 - - 8°. lviii, 675 pp. incl. 15 pl. & 4 pp. of music. 8 pl. 2 - maps. - - [SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. _Bureau of ethnology._] - - - - - SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT - OF THE - BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY - TO THE - SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION - 1884-'85 - - - BY - - J.W. POWELL - - DIRECTOR - -[Illustration] - - WASHINGTON - GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE - 1888 - - - - - CONTENTS. - - - REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. - - Page. - - Letter of transmittal XXI - - Introduction XXIII - - Publication XXIV - - Field work XXVI - - Mound explorations XXVI - - Work of Prof. Cyrus Thomas XXVI - - Explorations in the Southwest XXVIII - - Work of Mr. James Stevenson XXVIII - - Work of Mr. Victor Mindeleff XXIX - - Linguistic field work XXX - - Work of Mrs. Erminnie A. Smith XXX - - Work of Mr. H. W. Henshaw XXXI - - Work of Mr. A. S. Gatschet XXXIII - - Work of Rev. J. Owen Dorsey XXXVI - - Work of Mr. Jeremiah Curtin XXXVII - - General field work XXXVIII - - Work of Dr. Washington Matthews XXXVIII - - Work of Dr. H. C. Yarrow XL - - Work of Dr. W. J. Hoffman XLI - - Office work XLIII - - Work of Mr. H. W. Henshaw XLV - - Work of Mrs. Erminnie A. Smith XLV - - Work of Col. Garrick Mallery XLV - - Work of Dr. W. J. Hoffman XLV - - Work of Mr. James C. Pilling XLV - - Work of Mr. Frank H. Cushing XLVI - - Work of Prof. Cyrus Thomas XLVII - - Work of Mr. Victor Mindeleff XLVII - - Work of Rev. J. Owen Dorsey XLVIII - - Work of Mr. Albert S. Gatschet XLVIII - - Work of Mr. W. H. Holmes XLVIII - - Work of Dr. H. C. Yarrow L - - Work of Mr. Charles C. Royce L - - Accompanying papers LI - - Ancient art of the province of Chiriqui, Colombia, by LI - William H. Holmes - - A study of the textile art in its relation to the LIV - development of form and ornament, by William H. Holmes - - Aids to the study of the Maya Codices, by Cyrus Thomas LV - - Osage traditions, by Rev. J. Owen Dorsey LVI - - The Central Eskimo, by Dr. Franz Boas LVI - - Financial statement LVIII - - - ACCOMPANYING PAPERS. - - ANCIENT ART OF THE PROVINCE OF CHIRIQUI, BY WILLIAM H. HOLMES. - - Page. - - Introduction 13 - - Geography 13 - - Literature 14 - - People 15 - - The cemeteries 16 - - The graves 17 - - Human remains 20 - - Placing of relics 21 - - Objects of art 21 - - Stone 21 - - Pictured rocks 21 - - Columns 22 - - Images 23 - - Mealing stones 25 - - Stools 27 - - Celts etc. 29 - - Spearheads 34 - - Arrowpoints 34 - - Ornaments 34 - - Metal 35 - - Gold and copper 35 - - Bronze 49 - - Clay: Pottery 53 - - Preliminary 53 - - How found 55 - - Material 55 - - Manufacture 56 - - Color 57 - - Use 57 - - Forms of vessels 58 - - Decoration 62 - - Unpainted ware 66 - - Terra cotta group 67 - - Black incised group 80 - - Painted ware 84 - - Scarified group 87 - - Handled group 90 - - Tripod group 97 - - Maroon group 107 - - Red line group 109 - - White line group 111 - - Lost color group 113 - - Alligator group 130 - - Polychrome group 140 - - Unclassified 147 - - Miscellaneous objects 149 - - Spindle whorls 149 - - Needlecases 150 - - Figurines 151 - - Stools 154 - - Musical instruments 156 - - Rattles 156 - - Drums 157 - - Wind instruments 160 - - Life forms in vase painting 171 - - Résumé 186 - - A STUDY OF THE TEXTILE ART IN ITS RELATION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF FORM - AND ORNAMENT, BY WILLIAM H. HOLMES. - - Introduction 195 - - Form in textile art 196 - - Relations of form to ornament 201 - - Color in textile art 201 - - Textile ornament 202 - - Development of a geometric system within the art 202 - - Introduction 202 - - Relief phenomena 203 - - Ordinary features 203 - - Reticulated work 210 - - Superconstructive features 211 - - Color phenomena 215 - - Ordinary features 215 - - Non-essential constructive features 226 - - Superconstructive features 228 - - Adventitious features 231 - - Geometricity imposed upon adopted elements of design 232 - - Extension of textile ornament to other forms of art 244 - - AIDS TO THE STUDY OF THE MAYA CODICES, BY CYRUS THOMAS. - - Introduction 259 - - CHAP. I. The numerals in the Dresden Codex 261 - - II. Conclusions 339 - - III. The writing 345 - - Signification of the characters 347 - - Symbols of animals etc 348 - - Symbols of deities 358 - - Discussion as to phonetic features of the characters 365 - - OSAGE TRADITIONS, BY REV. J. OWEN DORSEY. - - Introduction 377 - - Traditions of the elders 381 - - Unŭ^n u¢áʞe. Tsíɔu wactáʞe itáde (Tradition of the Tsíɔu 381 - wactáʞe gens) - - Translation 388 - - Unŭ^n u¢áʞe. Qü¢ápasa^n itáde (Tradition of the Bald Eagle 390 - subgens) - - Translation 394 - - Concluding remarks 396 - - THE CENTRAL ESKIMO, BY DR. FRANZ BOAS. - - Introduction 409 - - Authorities quoted 410 - - Orthography 413 - - Geography of northeastern America 413 - - - Distribution of the tribes 419 - - General observations 419 - - Baffin Land 421 - - The Sikosuilarmiut 421 - - The Akuliarmiut 421 - - The Qaumauangmiut 421 - - The Nugumiut 422 - - The Oqomiut 424 - - The Padlimiut and the Akudnirmiut 440 - - The Aggomiut 442 - - The Iglulirmiut 444 - - The Pilingmiut 444 - - The Sagdlirmiut 444 - - Western shore of Hudson Bay 444 - - The Aivillirmiut 445 - - The Kinipetu or Agutit 450 - - The Sagdlirmiut of Southampton Island 451 - - The Sinimiut 451 - - Boothia Felix and Back River 452 - - The Netchillirmiut 452 - - The Ugjulirmiut 458 - - The Ukusiksalirmiut 458 - - Smith Sound 459 - - The natives of Ellesmere Land 459 - - The North Greenlanders 460 - - Influence of geographical conditions upon the distribution of 460 - the settlements - - Trade and intercourse between the tribes 462 - - List of the Central Eskimo tribes 470 - - Hunting and fishing 471 - - Seal, walrus, and whale hunting 471 - - Deer, musk ox, and bear hunting 501 - - Hunting of small game 510 - - Fishing 513 - - Manufactures 516 - - Making leather and preparing skins 516 - - Sundry implements 523 - - Transportation by boats and sledges 527 - - The boat 527 - - The sledge and dogs 529 - - Habitations and dress 539 - - The house 539 - - Clothing, dressing of the hair, and tattooing 554 - - Social and religious life 561 - - Domestic occupations and amusements 561 - - Visiting 574 - - Social customs in summer 576 - - Social order and laws 578 - - Religious ideas and the angakunirn (priesthood) 583 - - Sedna and the fulmar 583 - - The tornait and the angakut 591 - - The flight to the moon 598 - - Kadlu the thunderer 600 - - Feasts, religious and secular 600 - - Customs and regulations concerning birth, sickness, and 609 - death - - - Tales and traditions 615 - - Ititaujang 615 - - The emigration of the Sagdlirmiut 618 - - Kalopaling 20 - - The Uissuit 621 - - Kiviung 621 - - The origin of the narwhal 625 - - The visitor 627 - - The fugitive women 628 - - Qaudjaqdjuq 628 - - I. Story of the three brothers 628 - - II. Qaudjaqdjuq 630 - - Igimarasugdjuqdjuaq the cannibal 633 - - The Tornit 634 - - The woman and the spirit of the singing house 636 - - The constellation Udleqdjun 636 - - The origin of the Adlet and of the Qadluait 637 - - The great flood 637 - - Inugpaqdjuqdjualung 638 - - The bear story 638 - - Sundry tales 639 - - Tables relating to animals 641 - - The owl and the raven 641 - - Comparison between Baffin Land traditions and those of 641 - other tribes - - Science and the arts 643 - - Geography and navigation 643 - - Poetry and music 648 - - Merry-making among the Tornit 649 - - The lemming's song 650 - - Arlum pissinga (the killer's song) 650 - - I. Summer song 653 - - II. The returning hunter 653 - - III. Song of the Tornit 653 - - IV. Song of the Inuit traveling to Nettilling 653 - - V. Oxaitoq's song 654 - - VI. Utitiaq's song 654 - - VII. Song 654 - - VIII. Song 654 - - IX. Song of the Tornit 654 - - X. The fox and the woman 655 - - XI. The raven's song 655 - - XII. Song of a Padlimio 655 - - XIII. Ititaujang's song 655 - - XIV. Playing at ball 656 - - XV. Playing at ball 657 - - XVI.-XIX. Extracts 657, 658 - - Glossary 659 - - Appendix 667 - - INDEX. - - Index 671 - - - - - ILLUSTRATIONS. - - - Page. - - PLATE I. Map of Chiriqui 13 - - II. Map showing in detail the geographical divisions [1] - of territory occupied by the Eskimo tribes of - northeast America - - 1. Oqo and Akudnirn. - - 2. Frobisher Bay. - - 3. Eclipse Sound and Admiralty Inlet. - - 4. Repulse Sound and Lyon Inlet. - - 5. Boothia Isthmus and King William Land. - - III. Map of the territory occupied by the Eskimo tribes [1] - of North America, showing the boundaries - - IV. Cumberland Peninsula, drawn by Aranin, a 643 - Saumingmio - - V. Eskimo drawings 648 - - VI. Eskimo drawings 650 - - VII. Eskimo drawings 651 - - VIII. Eskimo carvings 652 - - IX. Eskimo carvings 653 - - X. Modern Eskimo implements 654 - - - FIG. 1. Section of oval grave 17 - - 2. Section of a quadrangular grave 18 - - 3. Grave with pillars 18 - - 4. Compound cist 19 - - 5. Southwest face of the pictured stone 22 - - 6. A goddess of the ancient Chiriquians 23 - - 7. A god of the ancient Chiriquians 24 - - 8. Fragmentary human figure in gray basaltic rock 25 - - 9. Mealing stone with large tablet ornamented with 26 - animal heads - - 10. Puma shaped metate 27 - - 11. Stool shaped object 28 - - 12. Stool with columnar base 28 - - 13. Stool with perforated base 29 - - 14. Large partially polished celt 30 - - 15. Celt of hexagonal section 31 - - 16. Small wide bladed celt 31 - - 17. Celt with heavy shaft 31 - - 18. Celt or ax with constriction near the top 31 - - 19. Flaked and partially polished celt 32 - - 20. Well polished celt 32 - - 21. Narrow pointed celt 32 - - 22. Narrow pointed celt 32 - - 23. Cylindrical celt with narrow point 33 - - 24. Leaf shaped objects suggesting spearpoints 34 - - 25. Arrowpoints 34 - - 26. Human figure formed of copper-gold alloy 41 - - 27. Grotesque human figure in gold 42 - - 28. Rudely shaped human figure in gold 42 - - 29. Grotesque human figure in nearly pure copper 43 - - 30. Grotesque human figure in nearly pure gold 43 - - 31. Rudely executed image of a bird in gold 44 - - 32. Image of a bird in gold 45 - - 33. Puma shaped figure in gold 45 - - 34. Puma shaped figure in base metal 45 - - 35. Quadruped with grotesque face in base metal 46 - - 36. Figure of a fish in gold 46 - - 37. Large figure of a frog in base metal plated with 47 - gold - - 38. Small figure of a frog in base metal plated with 47 - gold - - 39. Figure of an alligator in gold 48 - - 40. Animal figure in base metal plated with gold 48 - - 41. Bronze bells plated or washed with gold 50 - - 42. Bronze bell with human features 50 - - 43. Triple bell or rattle found on the Rio Grande 51 - - 44. Ancient Mexican bell 51 - - 45. Fundamental forms of vases—convex outlines 58 - - 46. Fundamental forms of vases—angular outlines 59 - - 47. Vases of complex outlines—exceptional forms 59 - - 48. Vases of compound forms 59 - - 49. Square lipped vessel 59 - - 50. Variations in the forms of necks and rims 60 - - 51. Arrangement of handles 60 - - 52. Types of annular bases or feet 61 - - 53. Forms of legs 61 - - 54. Grotesque figure forming the handle of a small 63 - vase - - 55. Grotesque figure forming the handle of a small 63 - vase - - 56. Grotesque figure forming the handle of a small 63 - vase - - 57. Monstrous figure with serpent shaped extremities 63 - - 58. Monstrous figure with serpent shaped extremities 63 - - 59. Grotesque figure 64 - - 60. Grotesque figure 64 - - 61. Grotesque figure 64 - - 62. Figure of a monkey 64 - - 63. Figure of a monkey 64 - - 64. Figure of a monkey 64 - - 65. Animal forms exhibiting long proboscis 65 - - 66. Vase illustrating ornamental use of animal figures 65 - - 67. Vase illustrating ornamental use of animal figures 65 - - 68. Vase illustrating ornamental use of animal figures 66 - - 69. Vase illustrating ornamental use of animal figures 66 - - 70. Series of bowls and cups of unpainted ware 67 - - 71. Vase of graceful form 68 - - 72. Vase of graceful form 68 - - 73. Vase of fine form ornamented with grotesque heads 68 - - 74. Vase of fine form ornamented with grotesque heads 69 - - 75. Vase with ornament of applied nodes and fillets 69 - - 76. Vase with mantle covered with incised figures 70 - - 77. Vase with frieze of grotesque heads 70 - - 78. Vases with flaring rims and varied ornament 71 - - 79. Vases with complex outlines and varied ornament 71 - - 80. Large vase with two mouths and neatly decorated 72 - necks - - 81. Large vase with high handles 72 - - 82. Top view of high handled vase 73 - - 83. Handled vase 73 - - 84. Handled vase 73 - - 85. Handled vase 73 - - 86. Small cup with single handle, ornamented with 74 - grotesque figure - - 87. Small cup with single handle, ornamented with 74 - grotesque figure - - 88. Vase of eccentric form 74 - - 89. Vessel illustrating forms of legs 75 - - 90. Vessel illustrating forms of legs 75 - - 91. Vessel with large legs decorated with stellar 75 - punctures - - 92. Vases of varied form with plain and animal shaped 75 - legs - - 93. Large vase of striking shape 76 - - 94. Cup with legs imitating animal forms 76 - - 95. Cup with legs imitating a grotesque animal form 77 - - 96. Cup with legs imitating the armadillo 77 - - 97. Cup with legs imitating the armadillo 77 - - 98. Cup with frog shaped legs 77 - - 99. Cup with legs imitating an animal and its young 77 - - 100. Cups supported by grotesque heads 77 - - 101. Large cup supported by two grotesque figures 78 - - 102. Cup with two animal heads attached to the sides 78 - - 103. Cup with two animal heads attached to the sides 78 - - 104. Vase imitating an animal form 79 - - 105. Vase imitating an animal form 79 - - 106. Vase imitating an animal form 79 - - 107. Fish shaped vessel 79 - - 108. Top view of a fish shaped vessel 80 - - 109. Cup with grotesque head attached to the rim 80 - - 110. Black cup with incised reptilian figures 81 - - 111. Black cup with incised reptilian figures 81 - - 112. Black vase with conventional incised pattern 81 - - 113. Small cup with conventional incised pattern 82 - - 114. Small tripod cup with upright walls 82 - - 115. Vase with flaring rim and legs imitating animal 82 - heads - - 116. Vase modeled to represent the head of an animal 83 - - 117. Pattern upon the back of the vase 83 - - 118. Tripod bowl of red scarified ware 87 - - 119. Tripod bowl of red scarified ware 87 - - 120. Oblong basin with scarified design 88 - - 121. Large scarified bowl with handles imitating animal 88 - heads - - 122. Jar with flat bottom and vertical bands of incised 89 - ornament - - 123. Vase with stand and vertical incised bands 89 - - 124. Vase with handles, legs, and vertical ribs 89 - - 125. Tripod with owl-like heads at insertion of legs 90 - - 126. Tripod with legs rudely suggesting animal forms 90 - - 127. Heavy red vase with four mouths 90 - - 128. Vase with horizontally placed handles and rude 91 - designs in red - - 129. Unpolished vase with heavy handles and coated with 92 - soot - - 130. Round bodied vase with unique handles and incised 92 - ornament - - 131. Vase with grotesque figures attached to the 93 - handles - - 132. Vase with upright handles and winged lip 93 - - 133. Top view of vase with winged lip 94 - - 134. Vase with grotesque animal shaped handles 94 - - 135. Vase with handles representing strange animals 95 - - 136. Vase with handles representing grotesque figures 95 - - 137. Vase with handles representing animal heads 96 - - 138. Vase with arched handles embellished with life 96 - forms in high relief - - 139. Vase with arched handles embellished with life 97 - forms in high relief - - 140. Tripod vase with shallow basin and eccentric 99 - handles - - 141. Tripod vase with shallow basin and eccentric 99 - handles - - 142. Tripod vase with shallow basin and eccentric 99 - handles - - 143. Tripod vase of graceful shape and neat finish 100 - - 144. Heavy tripod vase with widely spreading feet 100 - - 145. Neatly modeled vase embellished with life forms 101 - and devices in red - - 146. High tripod vase with incised designs and rude 101 - figures in red - - 147. Handsome tripod vase with scroll ornament 102 - - 148. Vase with lizard shaped legs 102 - - 149. Vase with scroll ornament 103 - - 150. Large vase with flaring rim and wide spreading 103 - legs - - 151. Fragment of a tripod vase embellished with figure 104 - of an alligator - - 152. Vase supported by grotesque human figures 105 - - 153. Round bodied vase embellished with figures of 106 - monsters - - 154. Cup with incurved rim and life form ornamentation 107 - - 155. Cup with widely expanded rim and constricted neck 107 - - 156. Small tripod cup with animal features in high 108 - relief - - 157. Handsome vase supported by three grotesque figures 108 - - 158. Vase decorated with figures of frogs and devices 110 - in red - - 159. Vase of unique shape and life form ornamentation 110 - - 160. Two-handled vase with life form and linear 110 - decoration - - 161. Small tripod vase with animal figures in white 111 - - 162. Shapely vase with designs in white paint 112 - - 163. Small red bottle with horizontal bands of ornament 115 - - 164. Small red bottle with encircling geometric devices 115 - - 165. Bottle with zone occupied by geometric devices 116 - - 166. Bottle with broad zone containing geometric 116 - figures - - 167. Bottle with decoration of meandered lines 117 - - 168. Bottle with arched panels and geometric devices 117 - - 169. Bottle with arched panels and elaborate devices 118 - - 170. Vase with rosette-like panels 118 - - 170_a_. Ornament from preceding vase 118 - - 171. Vase with rosette-like panels 119 - - 172. Vase with rosette-like panels 119 - - 173. Theoretical origin of the arched panels 120 - - 174. Theoretical origin of the arched panels 120 - - 175. Theoretical origin of the arched panels 120 - - 176. Vase decorated with conventional figures of 120 - alligators - - 177. Portion of decorated zone illustrating treatment 121 - of life forms - - 178. Portion of decorated zone illustrating treatment 121 - of life forms - - 179. Vase decorated with highly conventional life forms 121 - - 179_a_. Design from preceding vase 122 - - 180. Vase decorated with highly conventional life forms 122 - - 181. Vase decorated with highly conventional life forms 123 - - 182. Decorated panel with devices resembling vegetal 124 - growths - - 183. Vase of unusual shape 124 - - 184. Vase of unusual shape 124 - - 185. Vase of unusual shape 124 - - 186. Double vessel with high arched handle 125 - - 187. Double vessel with arched handle 125 - - 188. Vase embellished with life forms in color and in 126 - relief - - 189. Vase modeled to represent a peccary 127 - - 190. Under surface of peccary vase 127 - - 191. Small vessel with human figures in high relief 127 - - 192. Tripod cup with figures of the alligator 128 - - 193. Large shallow tripod vase with geometric 129 - decoration - - 194. Large bottle shaped vase with high tripod and 130 - alligator design - - 195. Large bottle with narrow zone containing figures 132 - of the alligator - - 196. Vase with decorated zone containing four arched 133 - panels - - 197. Vase with four round nodes upon which are painted 133 - animal devices - - 198. Vases of varied form and decoration 134 - - 199. Alligator vase with conventional markings 135 - - 200. Alligator vase with figures of the alligator 135 - painted on the sides - - 201. Vase with serpent ornamentation 136 - - 202. Vase representing a puma with alligator figures 137 - painted on sides - - 203. Shallow vase with reptilian features in relief and 137 - in color - - 204. Vase with funnel shaped mouth 138 - - 205. Top view of vase in Fig. 204 139 - - 206. End view of vase in Fig. 204 139 - - 207. Large vase with decorations in red and black 140 - - 208. Devices of the decorated zone of vase in Fig. 207, 141 - viewed from above - - 209. Handsome vase with four handles and decorations in 142 - black, red, and purple - - 210. Painted design of vase in Fig. 209, viewed from 143 - above - - 211. Vase of unusual shape, with decoration in black, 144 - red, and purple - - 212. Ornament occupying the interior surface of the 144 - basin of vase in Fig. 211 - - 213. Large vase of fine shape and simple decorations 145 - - 214. Vase with extraordinary decorative designs 146 - - 215. Painted design of vase in Fig. 214, viewed from 147 - above - - 216. Vase of unique form and decoration 148 - - 217. Painted design of vase in Fig. 216 148 - - 218. Spindle whorl with annular nodes 149 - - 219. Spindle whorl decorated with animal figures 149 - - 220. Spindle whorl with perforations and incised 149 - ornament - - 221. Needlecase 150 - - 222. Needlecase 150 - - 223. Needlecase with painted geometric ornament 151 - - 224. Needlecase with incised geometric ornament 151 - - 225. Needlecase with incised geometric ornament 151 - - 226. Statuette 152 - - 227. Statuette 152 - - 228. Statuette 152 - - 229. Statuette 152 - - 230. Stool of plain terra cotta 154 - - 231. Stool of plain clay, with grotesque figures 155 - - 232. Stool of plain terra cotta 155 - - 233. Rattle 157 - - 234. Section of rattle 157 - - 235. Rattle with grotesque figures 157 - - 236. Drum of gray unpainted clay 158 - - 237. Drum with painted ornament 159 - - 238. Painted design of drum in Fig. 237 159 - - 239. Double whistle 161 - - 240. Section of double whistle 161 - - 241. Tubular instrument with two finger holes 162 - - 242. Section of whistle 162 - - 243. Small animal shaped whistle 162 - - 244. Small animal shaped whistle 162 - - 245. Top shaped whistle 163 - - 246. Section, top, and bottom views of whistle 164 - - 247. Drum shaped whistle 165 - - 248. Vase shaped whistle 165 - - 249. Crab shaped whistle 166 - - 250. Alligator shaped whistle 166 - - 251. Cat shaped whistle 167 - - 252. Whistle with four ocelot-like heads 168 - - 253. Bird shaped whistle 169 - - 254. Bird shaped whistle 169 - - 255. Bird shaped whistle 170 - - 256. Whistle in grotesque life form 170 - - 257. Conventional figure of the alligator 173 - - 258. Conventional figure of the alligator 173 - - 259. Conventional figure of the alligator 174 - - 260. Conventional figure of the alligator 174 - - 261. Conventional figure of the alligator 174 - - 262. Two-headed form of the alligator 175 - - 263. Figure of the alligator much simplified 175 - - 264. The alligator much modified by ceramic influences 176 - - 265. Conventional figure derived from the alligator 176 - - 266. Conventional figure derived from the alligator 176 - - 267. Conventional figure derived from the alligator 176 - - 268. Conventional figure derived from the alligator 177 - - 269. Conventional figure derived from the alligator 177 - - 270. Conventional figure derived from the alligator 177 - - 271. Conventional figure derived from the alligator 178 - - 272. Conventional figure derived from the alligator 178 - - 273. Conventional figure derived from the alligator 178 - - 274. Conventional figures derived from the alligator 179 - - 275. Conventional figure derived from the alligator 179 - - 276. Conventional figure derived from the alligator 180 - - 277. Conventional figures derived from the alligator 180 - - 278. Conventional figures derived from the alligator 181 - - 279. Conventional figures derived from the alligator 182 - - 280. Conventional figures derived from the alligator 182 - - 281. Conventional figures derived from the alligator 182 - - 282. Conventional figures derived from the alligator 182 - - 283. Conventional figures derived from the alligator 183 - - 284. Vase with decorated zone containing remarkable 185 - devices - - 285. Series of devices 185 - - 286. Mat or tray with esthetic attributes of form 197 - - 287. Tray having decided esthetic attributes of form 198 - - 288. Pyriform water vessel 198 - - 289. Basket with esthetic characters of form 199 - - 290. Basket of eccentric form 200 - - 291. Character of surface in the simplest form of 204 - weaving - - 292. Surface produced by impacting 204 - - 293. Surface produced by use of wide fillets 204 - - 294. Basket with ribbed surface 205 - - 295. Bottle showing obliquely ribbed surface 205 - - 296. Tray showing radial ribs 205 - - 297. Combination giving herring bone effect 206 - - 298. Combination giving triangular figures 206 - - 299. Peruvian work basket 206 - - 300. Basket of Seminole workmanship 207 - - 301. Surface effect produced in open twined combination 207 - - 302. Surface effect produced in open twined combination 207 - - 303. Surface effect produced by impacting in twined 208 - combination - - 304. Surface effect produced by impacting the web 208 - strands in twined combination - - 305. Surface effect produced by crossing the web series 208 - in open twined work - - 306. Tray with open mesh, twined combination 208 - - 307. Conical basket, twined combination 209 - - 308. Example of primitive reticulated weaving 210 - - 309. Simple form of reticulation 211 - - 310. Reticulated pattern in cotton cloth 211 - - 311. Peruvian embroidery 212 - - 312. Basket with pendent ornaments 213 - - 313. Basket with pendent ornaments 213 - - 314. Tasseled Peruvian mantle 214 - - 315. Pattern produced by interlacing strands of 216 - different colors - - 316. Pattern produced by interlacing strands of 216 - different colors - - 317. Pattern produced by interlacing strands of 216 - different colors - - 318. Pattern produced by interlacing strands of 217 - different colors - - 319. Base of coiled basket 218 - - 320. Coiled basket with geometric ornament 218 - - 321. Coiled basket with geometric ornament 219 - - 322. Coiled basket with geometric ornament 220 - - 323. Coiled basket with geometric ornament 220 - - 324. Coiled basket with geometric ornament 221 - - 325. Coiled basket with geometric ornament 223 - - 326. Coiled tray with geometric ornament 224 - - 327. Coiled tray with geometric ornament 225 - - 328. Tray with geometric ornament 225 - - 329. Tray with geometric ornament 226 - - 330. Ornament produced by wrapping the strands 227 - - 331. Ornament produced by fixing strands to the surface 227 - of the fabric - - 332. Basket with feather ornamentation 227 - - 333. Basket with feather ornamentation 227 - - 334. Piece of cloth showing use of supplementary warp 228 - and woof - - 335. Piece of cloth showing use of supplementary warp 228 - and woof - - 336. Example of grass embroidery 230 - - 337. Example of feather embroidery 231 - - 338. Figures from the Penn wampum belt 233 - - 339. Figures from a California Indian basket 234 - - 340. California Indian basket 234 - - 341. Figures from a Peruvian basket 235 - - 342. Figure from a piece of Peruvian gobelins 236 - - 343. Figures from a Peruvian vase 237 - - 344. Figure from a circular basket 238 - - 345. Figure of a bird from a Zuñi shield 239 - - 346. Figure of a bird woven in a tray 240 - - 347. Figure of a bird woven in a basket 241 - - 348. Figures embroidered on a cotton net by the ancient 242 - Peruvians - - 349. Figures of birds embroidered by the ancient 243 - Peruvians - - 350. Conventional design painted upon cotton cloth 243 - - 351. Herring bone and checker patterns produced in 246 - weaving - - 352. Herring bone and checker patterns engraved in clay 246 - - 353. Earthen vase with textile ornament 247 - - 354. Example of textile ornament painted upon pottery 248 - - 355. Textile pattern transferred to pottery through 248 - costume - - 356. Ceremonial adz with carved ornament of textile 250 - character - - 357. Figures upon a tapa stamp 251 - - 358. Design in stucco exhibiting textile characters 251 - - 359. Line of day and numeral symbols from Plates 36c 272 - and 37c, Dresden Codex - - 360. Line of day and numeral characters from Plates 276 - 33-39, Dresden Codex - - 361. Unusual symbol for Akbal from Plate 8 of the 284 - Dresden Codex - - 362. Copy of Plate 50, Dresden Codex 297 - - 363. Copy of Plate 51, Dresden Codex 306 - - 364. Copy of Plate 52, Dresden Codex 307 - - 365. Copy of Plate 53, Dresden Codex 308 - - 366. Copy of Plate 54, Dresden Codex 309 - - 367. Copy of Plate 55, Dresden Codex 310 - - 368. Copy of Plate 56, Dresden Codex 311 - - 369. Copy of Plate 57, Dresden Codex 312 - - 370. Copy of Plate 58, Dresden Codex 313 - - 371. Specimens of ornamental loops from page 72, 337 - Dresden Codex - - 372. Numeral character from the lower division of Plate 343 - XV, Manuscript Troano - - 373. Turtle from the Cortesian Codex, Plate 17 348 - - 374. Jar from the Cortesian Codex, Plate 27 349 - - 375. Worm and plant from Manuscript Troano, Plate XXIX 351 - - 376. Figure of a woman from the Dresden Codex 351 - - 377. Copy of middle and lower divisions of Plate XIX, 352 - Manuscript Troano - - 378. Copy of lower division of Plate 65, Dresden Codex 353 - - 379. The moo or ara from Plate 16, Dresden Codex 355 - - 380. The god Ekchuah, after the Troano and Cortesian 358 - Codices - - 381. The long nosed god (Kukulcan) or god with the 359 - snake-like tongue - - 382. Copy of head from the Borgian Codex 360 - (Quetzalcoatl?) - - 383. The supposed god of death from the Dresden Codex 361 - - 384. The supposed god of death from the Troano Codex 361 - - 385. The god with the banded face from the Troano Codex 362 - - 386. The god with the old man's face 363 - - 387. The god with face crossed by lines 364 - - 388. Wooden idol in vessel with basket cover 371 - - 389. Symbolic chart of the Osage 378 - - 390. Harpoon from Alaska 472 - - 391. Modern or sealing harpoon 472 - - 392. Old style naulang or harpoon head 473 - - 393. Modern naulang or harpoon head 473 - - 394. Qilertuang or leather strap and clasps for holding 474 - coiled up harpoon lines - - 395. Siatko or harpoon head of the Iglulirmiut 475 - - 396. Siatko found at Exeter Sound 475 - - 397. Eskimo in the act of striking a seal 476 - - 398. Tutareang or buckle 477 - - 399. Eskimo awaiting return of seal to blowhole 478 - - 400. Tuputang or ivory plugs for closing wounds 479 - - 401. Wooden case for plugs 480 - - 402. Another form of plug 480 - - 403. Qanging, for fastening thong to jaw of seal 480 - - 404. Qanging in form of a seal 480 - - 405. Qanging in form of a button 481 - - 406. Qanging serving for both toggle and handle 481 - - 407. Qidjarung or whirl for harpoon line 481 - - 408. Simple form of whirl 481 - - 409. Old pattern of hook for drawing out captured seal 483 - - 410. Seal hook of bear's claw 483 - - 411. Modern form of seal hook 483 - - 412. Eskimo approaching seal 484 - - 413. Frame of kayak or hunting boat 486 - - 414. Kayak with covering of skin 487 - - 415. Model of a Repulse Bay kayak 487 - - 416. Sirmijaung or scraper for kayak 488 - - 417. Large kayak harpoon for seal and walrus 488 - - 418. Tikagung or support for the hand 488 - - 419. Qatirn or ivory head of harpoon 489 - - 420. Manner of attaching the two principal parts of the 489 - harpoon - - 421. Tokang or harpoon head in sheath 489 - - 422. Tokang or harpoon head taken from a whale in 490 - Cumberland Sound - - 423. Ancient tokang or harpoon head 491 - - 424. Teliqbing, which is fastened to harpoon line 492 - - 425. Qatilik or spear 492 - - 426. Avautang or sealskin float 492 - - 427. Different styles of poviutang or pipe for 493 - inflating the float - - 428. Agdliaq or spear for small seals 494 - - 429. Agdliaq points 494 - - 430. Spearheads 495 - - 431. Large spear head 495 - - 432. Anguvigang or lance 496 - - 433. Nuirn or bird spear 496 - - 434. Nuqsang or throwing board 496 - - 435. Sealing at the edge of the ice 498 - - 436. Model of sakurpāng or whaling harpoon 500 - - 437. Niutang with floats 500 - - 438. Wooden bow from Iglulik 502 - - 439. Wooden bow from Cumberland Sound 502 - - 440. Bows of reindeer antlers 503 - - 441. Bow of antlers with central part cut off straight 503 - - 442. Arrows with bone heads 504 - - 443. Arrows with metal heads 504 - - 444. Arrow head 505 - - 445. Showing attachment of arrowhead vertically and 505 - parallel to shank - - 446. Various forms of arrowhead 506 - - 447. Socket of spear handle from Alaska 506 - - 448. Slate arrowhead 506 - - 449. Flint arrowheads from old graves 507 - - 450. Various styles of quiver 507 - - 451. Quiver handles 508 - - 452. Whalebone nooses for catching waterfowl 511 - - 453. Kakivang or salmon spear 512 - - 454. Ivory fish used as bait in spearing salmon 513 - - 455. Quqartaun for stringing salmon 514 - - 456. Salmon hook 515 - - 457. Salmon hook 515 - - 458. Bait used in fishing with hooks 516 - - 459. Butcher's knife with bone handle 516 - - 460. Pana or knife for dissecting game 517 - - 461. Form of ulo now in use 518 - - 462. Old ulo handle from Cape Broughton, Davis Strait 518 - - 463. Fragment of an ulo blade made of slate 518 - - 464. Ulo handle from recent grave 518 - - 465. Modern tesirqun or scraper 519 - - 466. Old style tesirqun or scraper 519 - - 467. Seligoung or scraper used for softening skins 520 - - 468. Old stone scrapers found in graves 521 - - 469. Stretcher for lines 522 - - 470. Ivory needle 523 - - 471. Ivory needlecase from Cumberland Sound 523 - - 472. Common pattern of needlecase 523 - - 473. Tikiq or thimble 524 - - 474. Instrument for straightening bone 525 - - 475. Drill for working in ivory and bone 525 - - 476. Driftwood used in kindling fire 526 - - 477. Eskimo graver's tool 526 - - 478. Framework of Eskimo boat 527 - - 479. Kiglo or post 527 - - 480. Umiaq or skin boat 528 - - 481. Umiaq or skin boat 528 - - 482. Qamuting or sledge 529 - - 483. Sledge shoe 530 - - 484. Form of clasp for fastening traces to sledge 531 - - 485. Artistic form of clasp for fastening traces to 531 - sledge - - 486. Uqsirn for fastening traces to pitu 532 - - 487. Ano or dog harness 532 - - 488. Sadniriaq or clasp 532 - - 489. Tube for drinking 535 - - 490. Various styles of snow knife 539 - - 491. Ground plan of snow house of Davis Strait tribes 540 - - 492. Snow house of Davis Strait, sections 541 - - 493. Section and interior of snow house 543 - - 494. Ukusik or soapstone kettle 545 - - 495. Plan of double snow house 546 - - 496. Plan of Iglulik house 547 - - 497. Plan of Hudson Bay house 547 - - 498. Plan and sections of qarmang or stone house 548 - - 499. Plan of large qarmang or stone house 549 - - 500. Plan of stone house in Anarnitung, Cumberland 549 - Sound - - 501. Plan of groups of stone houses in Pangnirtung 530 - - 502. Plan of qarmang or house made of whale ribs 550 - - 503. Storehouse in Ukiadliving 551 - - 504. Plan and sections of tupiq or tent of Cumberland 551 - Sound - - 505. Plan and section of tupiq or tent of Pond Bay 553 - - 506. Plan and section of double winter tent, Cumberland 553 - Sound - - 507. Qaturang or boot ornament 554 - - 508. Woman's jacket 555 - - 509. Ivory beads for women's jackets 555 - - 510. Girdle buckles 556 - - 511. Infant's clothing 557 - - 512. Child's clothing 557 - - 513. Ivory combs 559 - - 514. Buckles 560 - - 515. Manner of tattooing face and wearing hair 561 - - 516. Manner of tattooing legs and hands 561 - - 517. Forks 563 - - 518. Ladle of musk ox horn 563 - - 519. Skull used in the game ajegaung 565 - - 520. Ivory carving representing head of fox, used in 565 - the game ajegaung - - 521. Ivory carvings representing polar bear, used in 566 - the game ajegaung - - 522. Figures used in playing tingmiujang, a game 567 - similar to dice - - 523. Game of nuglutang 568 - - 524. The sāketān or roulette 569 - - 525. Ajarorpoq or cat's cradle 569 - - 526. Ball 570 - - 527. Dolls in dress of the Oqomiut 571 - - 528. Dolls in dress of the Akunirmiut 571 - - 529. Modern snow goggles of wood 576 - - 530. Old form of snow goggles of ivory 576 - - 531. Diagram showing interior of qaggi or singing house 600 - among eastern tribes - - 532. Plan of Hudson Bay qaggi or singing house 601 - - 533. Kilaut or drum 602 - - 534. Plans of remains of supposed qaggi or singing 603 - houses - - 535. Qailertétang or masked figure 606 - - 536. Model of lamp from a grave in Cumberland Sound 613 - - 537. Qaudjaqdjuq is maltreated by his enemies 631 - - 538. The man in the moon comes down to help Qaudjaqdjuq 631 - - 539. The man in the moon whipping Qaudjaqdjuq 632 - - 540. Qaudjaqdjuq has become Qaudjuqdjuaq 632 - - 541. Qaudjuqdjuaq killing his enemies 633 - - 542. Tumiujang or lamp of the Tornit 634 - - 543. Cumberland Sound and Frobisher Bay, drawn by Itu, 644 - a Nugumio - - 544. Cumberland Sound and Frobisher Bay, drawn by 645 - Sunapignang, an Oqomio - - 545. Cumberland Sound, drawn by Itu, a Nugumio 646 - - 546. Peninsula of Qivitung, drawn by Angutuqdjuaq, a 647 - Padlimio - -Footnote 1: - - In pocket at end of volume. - - - - - LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. - - - SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY, - _Washington, D. C., October 23, 1885_. - -SIR: I have the honor to submit my Sixth Annual Report as Director of -the Bureau of Ethnology. - -The first part consists of an explanation of the plan and operations of -the Bureau; the second part consists of a series of papers on -anthropologic subjects, mainly prepared by my assistants to illustrate -the methods and results of the work of the Bureau. - -I desire to express my thanks for your earnest support and your wise -counsel relating to the work under my charge. - -I am, with respect, your obedient servant, - -[Illustration: Signature] - - Prof. SPENCER F. BAIRD, - _Secretary Smithsonian Institution_. - - - - - SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT - OF THE - BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY. - - - BY J. W. POWELL, DIRECTOR. - - - - - INTRODUCTION. - - -The prosecution of research among the North American Indians, as -directed by act of Congress, was continued during the fiscal year -1884-'85. - -No change has been made in the general plan upon which the work has been -prosecuted as set forth in former reports. Certain lines of -investigation have been decided upon, which are confided to persons -trained in their pursuit, and the results of these labors are presented -from time to time in the publications of the Bureau provided for by law. -A brief statement of the work upon which each of the special students -was actively engaged during the fiscal year is furnished below; this, -however, does not embrace all the studies undertaken or services -rendered by them, since particular lines of research have been suspended -in this, as in former years, in order to prosecute temporarily work -regarded as of paramount importance. From this cause delays have been -occasioned in the completion of several treatises and monograph's, -already partly in type, which otherwise would have been published. - -Invitation is renewed for the assistance of explorers, writers, and -students who are not and may not desire to be officially connected with -the Bureau. Their contributions, whether in the shape of suggestions or -of extended communications, will be gratefully acknowledged, and, if -published either in the series of reports or in monographs or bulletins, -as the liberality of Congress may in future allow, will always receive -proper credit. - -The items now reported upon are presented in three principal divisions. -The first relates to the publication made; the second, to the work -prosecuted in the field; and the third, to the office work, which -largely consists of the preparation for publication of the results of -field work, with the corrections and additions obtained from the -literature of the subjects and by correspondence. - - - - - PUBLICATION. - - -The only publication actually issued during the year was entitled -Proof-Sheets of a Bibliography of the Languages of the North American -Indians, by James Constantine Pilling. The volume, a quarto of 1,175 -pages, consists of an author catalogue of books, manuscripts, magazine -and newspaper articles, publications of learned societies, and other -documents relating in any way to the Indian languages of North America. -Only one hundred copies were printed, which were distributed to -collaborators. - -This work was commenced by Mr. Pilling in 1879 and has been prosecuted -with diligence and skill, notwithstanding the engrossing nature of his -other duties. It began as an author card catalogue, designed merely for -office use. In time it became apparent that such a systematic catalogue -of the literature of Indian languages, if printed and distributed, would -be of important service to all the numerous workers on the general -subject, besides those directly connected with the Bureau, to whom alone -it was accessible in manuscript form. By this course the accumulated -results of several years' labor would be immediately available for the -use of students generally, and the distribution of proof-sheets would in -turn increase interest in the work, elicit comment and criticism, and -secure additional contributions, through all of which the final volume -contemplated would become more satisfactory and complete, both in form -and substance. The thorough conscientiousness and punctilious care shown -in the present catalogue, and especially the comprehensive bibliographic -spirit in which the work has been conceived, prove the peculiar fitness -of the author for the undertaking. He has set before him and has kept -steadily in view the following aims: - -First, to discover every document in existence relating to the subject, -either printed or in manuscript. - -Secondly, to record a description of every document found, so accurate -and full that each book or article mentioned is clearly identified and -all its contents relating to Indian languages set forth, with citation -of the chapters and pages within the work where the linguistic material -may be found. - -Thirdly, to name, when possible, one or more libraries where each work -catalogued may be found. - -Fourthly, to arrange and combine the whole so that the student using it -may in the shortest time learn whether any work contains the special -matter which he desires to consult, and, if so, precisely where he may -find it. In the case of rare books or papers special attention has been -paid to obtain full information, and in the case of some of the rarest -books fac-similes of the title pages are given. The value of a work so -broadly conceived and so carefully executed is very great. The -literature of this subject has become so voluminous, so disconnected, so -scattered in time and place, that progress in the classification of -Indian languages and the determination of their affinities has been -greatly retarded, awaiting the orderly arrangement of accumulated -information. This requisite, with the important addition of the -correction of current errors, is met by the catalogue. It has been found -indispensable to the Bureau and has already been gratefully acknowledged -as invaluable by all students of American tribes to whom copies have -been distributed. - -Since the printing and distribution of the proof-sheets, and markedly as -a result thereof, the card catalogue has continued to grow; and, -although not complete and, from the nature of the subject, not expected -to become absolutely exhaustive, the recent additions to it indicate how -thoroughly the work was originally done. It may be possible, therefore, -before long to substitute for the Proof-Sheets the Bibliography itself -in standard form. - - - - - FIELD WORK. - - -Under this heading are comprised— - -First, the systematic operations of the division of mound exploration -carried on east of the Rocky Mountains. - -Secondly, researches in and collections from the ancient ruins of the -Southwest and comparative study of the present inhabitants of that -region and the objects found among them. - -Thirdly, linguistic work or expeditions among the several Indian tribes -at their homes, with the main purpose of acquiring knowledge of their -spoken languages. - -Fourthly, general studies, or those embracing various branches of -inquiry, conducted among the existing Indian tribes. - - - MOUND EXPLORATIONS. - - - WORK OF PROF. CYRUS THOMAS. - -The work of exploring the mounds and other ancient monuments of that -portion of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains, commenced in -1882, was carried on during the fiscal year, under the charge of Prof. -Cyrus Thomas. - -The regular assistants during the first half of the year were Messrs. -P.W. Norris, James D. Middleton, and John P. Rogan. For the latter half -they were Messrs. Middleton, Rogan, and John W. Emmert, the last named -having been engaged to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Mr. -Norris. - -Mr. Norris was engaged during the fall of 1884 in exploring the -extensive group of works in the vicinity of Charleston, Kanawha Valley, -W. Va. He continued at work there until December, when he was compelled -by cold weather and illness to desist. To the great regret of all his -associates in the work, his illness terminated in death on the 14th of -January, 1885. By his death the division has lost a faithful and -enthusiastic worker. - -During the summer and fall of 1884 and until the approach of extremely -cold weather, Mr. Middleton was engaged in exploring the works of Knox -County, Ohio. Throughout the winter and following spring his field of -operations was eastern Arkansas. In the latter field he was assisted by -Mr. L. H. Thing, who was employed for three months as temporary -assistant. - -During the summer and until the beginning of winter, Mr. Rogan was -engaged (in conjunction with Rev. J. P. Maclean, who was employed as a -temporary assistant) in exploring the ancient monuments of Butler County -and the adjacent regions of southern Ohio. On the approach of the cold -season he went south, his field of operations for the remainder of the -year being northern Georgia and the southern counties of East Tennessee. - -Mr. Emmert, who had been employed on January 1, 1885, to make some -special explorations in East Tennessee, was made permanent assistant -immediately after the death of Mr. Norris. His work in that section -proving successful he continued it until the close of the fiscal year. - -Mr. Gerard Fowke was engaged during November in examining the ancient -quarries of Flint Ridge, Ohio, and in making a collection to illustrate -the various stages in the aboriginal manufacture of flint implements. -His collection is, perhaps, the most complete in this particular line of -any so far made in this country. In the winter he was employed about two -months in special investigations of some ancient works in Pontotoc and -Union Counties, Miss., a locality supposed to have been visited by De -Soto during his unfortunate expedition. In some of the mounds of this -section, which was formerly the home of the Chikasa, he found some -articles of European manufacture, among them a small silver plate -bearing the royal arms of Castile and Leon in an old heraldic form. - -Although the number of specimens obtained does not exceed that of the -collection of the preceding year, the general result shows a decided -advance in the accuracy of the work done. The measurements and plats -have been made with more care and exactness, the descriptions are more -complete, and the details more fully set forth. As an illustration one -case is presented. A large mound was opened which was found to contain -over ninety skeletons, irregularly placed and at different depths. At -the outset a plat of the mound was made; each skeleton was located on it -as discovered, and notes were taken of the depth, position, articles -found with it, etc. Thus the exact position of each skeleton in the -mound is recorded, as well as that of any article accompanying it. The -collections made are more varied in character than those of any previous -year, including several new types of pottery, some unusually fine stone -implements, and from several mounds articles showing contact with -Europeans. The pottery obtained by Messrs. Middleton and Thing in -Arkansas is of more than ordinary interest, containing a number of -specimens of the rarer forms, also several colored specimens. - -The same care has been taken as heretofore in labeling and numbering the -specimens, so that each can be traced by the record to the exact place -where it was found. The illustrations showing the construction, -character, and form of the various works explored exceed in number, -accuracy, and importance those of any previous year. - - - EXPLORATIONS IN THE SOUTHWEST. - - - WORK OF MR. JAMES STEVENSON. - -Mr. James Stevenson was placed in charge of a party, with instructions -to proceed to Arizona and New Mexico to make researches and collections -among the Pueblo Indians and the ancient ruins in that region. - -Mr. Stevenson's party was divided into three sections. The section in -charge of Mr. F. T. Bickford visited the remarkable series of ruins in -Chaco cañon, in northwestern New Mexico; Cañon de Chelly and its branch -cañons; the cliff dwellings in Walnut cañon, in Arizona, and a group of -interesting cave dwellings, different in structure from any heretofore -found, near Flagstaff, in the same Territory. All these were carefully -examined. Full and extensive notes, as well as sketches and photographic -illustrations, were made of these ruins. - -Another section, in charge of Mr. C. A. Garlick, was stationed at the -pueblo of Acoma, in New Mexico. The work at this village resulted in a -collection of about thirty-five hundred specimens, consisting of pottery -and a variety of utensils of other material, such as stone, bone, wood, -and woven fabrics, illustrating the arts of the people of Acoma. The -collections from this pueblo, though not embracing a great variety of -objects, will illustrate nearly all the phases of the arts and -industrial pursuits of these Indians. - -Another section of Mr. Stevenson's party, under his own supervision and -with the important assistance of Mrs. Stevenson, was employed in making -collections and studies at Zuñi. The collection from there is much -larger than any heretofore obtained and includes many objects relating -to the outdoor ceremonies of the Zuñi. Specimens of these were secured -from their sacred springs, caves, and shrines. All details relating to -their ceremonials were attentively studied, and a series of water color -sketches was made of altars used and of masks worn on these important -occasions. A large number of fetiches was also obtained, representing -many of the animals held in religious esteem by the Zuñi. A series of -photographs was made of the sacred springs, wells, monuments, picture -writings, and shrines of the Zuñi located at different points over an -area of about seventy-five miles from Zuñi, and a collection was secured -of representative specimens of their fetiches, plume sticks, and other -objects connected with their mythology and religious practices. The -collection made during the year was unusually large and important. It -comprises about eighty-five hundred specimens from the Indian tribes of -the Southwest embraced in the research; these consist of woven fabrics -and pottery, bone, and stone implements, both ancient and modern, and -represent nearly all phases of the life, art, and industries of these -tribes. These collections have been deposited in the U. S. National -Museum for arrangement, classification, and description. - - - WORK OF MR. VICTOR MINDELEFF. - -A party in charge of Mr. Victor Mindeleff left Washington on August 5 to -survey the ruined pueblos of the Chaco, in New Mexico. Five of the ruins -were accurately measured and platted to scale, and a full series of -sketches, plans, and photographs was secured. Mr. Mindeleff returned -from the field on the 1st of October. He then made a trip to the great -Etowah mound, near Cartersville, Ga., under the direction of Prof. Cyrus -Thomas, in order to secure an accurate survey and scale drawing, as a -basis for the construction of a model. - -At the close of this work Mr. Mindeleff returned to Washington, on -October 7, and was engaged in office work until the middle of the -following June, when he took the field in advance of his party for -further studies among the ruins and pueblos of the Cibola and Tusayan -groups. He was also instructed to secure similar material at other -available points for comparison. - - - LINGUISTIC FIELD WORK. - - - WORK OF MRS. ERMINNIE A. SMITH. - -From the 1st of July to the 15th of August, 1884, Mrs. Smith, assisted -by Mr. J. N. B. Hewitt, of Tuscarora descent, was engaged among the -Onondaga living near Syracuse, N. Y., in translating and annotating two -Onondaga manuscripts; afterward, until the latter part of October, with -the same assistance, she was at work on the Grand River reservation in -Canada, where she filled out the vocabulary in the Introduction to the -Study of Indian Languages from the dialect of the Cayuga. She also -obtained from the Mohawk a translation, with annotations, of a -manuscript in their dialect. - -The three manuscripts mentioned are now in the possession of the Bureau -of Ethnology. Their origin and history are not distinctly known, as they -are all probably copies of originals which seem to have been lost or -destroyed. It was intended in these manuscripts to reproduce, by the -alphabet and the script used by English writers, the sound of the -dialects employed. - -These records have their chief interest in the preservation of many -archaic words, or those of ceremony, law, and custom, which in these -dialects, as is the general rule, remain unchanged, although the -colloquial language may be modified. The subject matter of all these -records is genuinely and exclusively Iroquoian. - -The Mohawk manuscript was copied about the year 1830 by Chief John -"Smoke" Johnson from an earlier original or perhaps copy. The -orthography of this copy is quite regular and is that of the early -English missionaries, being similar in many respects to the well known -Pickering alphabet. - -One of the Onondaga manuscripts was found in the possession of Mr. -Daniel La Fort and the other in that of Mrs. John A. Jones, both of the -Onondaga reserve, New York. These two copies differ from each other in -orthography and substance, the Jones manuscript being probably a full -detail of a part of the other. - -The orthography of the La Fort manuscript is very irregular and -difficult to read, but that of the Jones manuscript is regular and -legible. The Mohawk manuscript contains a detailed account of the rites -and ceremonies, speeches and songs, of the condoling and inducting -council of the Iroquoian League in the form in which that council was -conducted by the elder brothers or members of the Onondaga, Mohawk, and -Seneca divisions, which have been generally called tribes, but are more -correctly confederacies, their villages being the tribal unit. The La -Fort Onondaga manuscript comprises a similar ritual of the same council -as carried out by the younger brothers, viz., the Cayuga, Oneida, and -Tuscarora members or confederacies of the league. The Jones Onondaga -manuscript is the charge of the principal shaman to the newly elected or -inducted chief or chiefs. - -During the remainder of the year material was collected and work -continued on the Tuscarora-English part of the Tuscarora dictionary. - - - WORK OF MR. H. W. HENSHAW. - -Mr. H. W. Henshaw visited southern California for the purpose of -pursuing linguistic studies in the group of languages spoken by the -Santa Barbara Indians. Although these Indians became known at a very -early day, being mentioned with particularity in the relation of -Cabrillo's voyage along the California coast in 1542, but little has -been ascertained in respect to their language and its relations to the -speech of neighboring tribes. - -Few vocabularies were collected by the early Spanish missionaries and -those gathered were very imperfect, so that no conclusions can be based -upon them with confidence. - -As a result of the policy pursued by the various missionaries among -these docile tribes, aboriginal habits were soon exchanged for others -imposed by the priests. Tribal organizations were broken up and the -Indians were removed from their homes and located about the missions. In -addition the Spanish language was early introduced and so far as -possible made to replace the aboriginal tongue. As a consequence Spanish -became familiar to a large number of the proselytes, and all the -surviving Santa Barbara Indians speak Spanish fluently, or rather the -Mexican dialect of Spanish. Indeed, the impression prevails generally in -California that none of the Indians can speak their own tongue. As a -matter of fact, however, in their own families and when away from the -white men they discard Spanish entirely. - -The attempt to preserve the language was begun none too soon, as of the -large population attributed to this part of the California coast Mr. -Henshaw was able to discover only about fifty survivors, and these were -widely scattered over several counties. A number of the dialects of the -linguistic family are now extinct, and only a month before Mr. Henshaw's -arrival at San Buenaventura an old woman died who, it is believed, was -the last person to speak the dialect belonging to the Island of Santa -Cruz. In Santa Barbara and Ventura counties six dialects of the family -were found, which are believed to be all that are now extant. - -In the case of the dialect of Santa Rosa island, but one Indian remained -to speak it. Two more dialects are spoken by two or three individuals -only. The existing dialects, named according to the missions around -which they were spoken, are as follows: San Buenaventura, Santa Barbara, -Santa Rosa Island, Purissima, Santa Inez, and San Luis Obispo. With the -exception of the last named the several dialects are very closely -related, and, although each possesses a greater or less number of words -not contained in the others, their vocabularies show many words which -are common to all. - -The dialect formerly spoken at San Luis Obispo differs much from any of -the others, and a critical comparison is necessary to reveal a -sufficient number of words possessing identical roots to render their -common parentage obvious. - -Extensive vocabularies of the dialects of San Antonio and San Miguel -were obtained, there being about a dozen Indians who speak these -languages around the old San Antonio mission. These languages have been -supposed to be of the Santa Barbara family (as it has hitherto been -termed, now called Chumashan family), but the material obtained by Mr. -Henshaw disproves this, and, for the present at least, they are -considered to form a distinct family. - -Mr. Henshaw visited Los Angeles and San Diego counties for the purpose -of determining the exact northern and southern limits of the Shoshonian -family, which extends quite to the coast in California. - -At San Diego and San Luis Rey he obtained vocabularies representing four -dialects of the Yuman family. - - - WORK OF MR. A. S. GATSCHET. - -In August, 1884, Mr. Gatschet proceeded to visit the Tonkawē and Lipan -tribes in Texas. - -He reached Fort Griffin on the 29th of August. The Tonkawē tribe was -encamped about a mile and a half south of Fort Griffin, Shackleford -county, and consisted of 78 individuals, while the Lipan camp, one mile -north-northwest, consisted of 19 persons only. All these Indians were on -the point of removing to the Oakland reserve, Indian Territory. - -The Tonkawē constitute an aggregate of several tribal remnants formerly -living independently of one another in southern Texas and on the Rio -Grande. Mr. Gatschet devoted five weeks to the study of their language -and one week to that of the Lipan, which is a dialect of Apache -(Athapascan). The Tonkawē is a sonorous and energetic form of speech. -The radix of many of the adjectives becomes reduplicated to form a kind -of plural, and the same thing is observed in some of the verbs, where -iteration or frequency has to be indicated. Case suffixes are observed -in the substantive, which can easily be traced to postpositions as their -original forms. Very few of the natives were sufficiently conversant -with English or Spanish to serve as interpreters, so that it was -difficult to secure trustworthy results. A white man who had lived over -six years among them was of material help, and several mythologic and -other texts were obtained with tolerable correctness through his aid. - -On October 9 Mr. Gatschet left Fort Griffin and reached Fort Sill, in -the Indian Territory, on the 15th. Many Kaiowē and Comanche Indians -encamped during the warmer months of the year around this fort, which is -situated at the southeast base of the Wichita mountains. He engaged the -best help he could find for studying the Kaiowē language, for which -there is no Government interpreter. The Comanche is the predominating -language on the whole Kaiowē, Comanche, and Apache reservation, although -the Comanche exceed the Kaiowē but little in number. The Comanche is -more easily acquired, at least to the extent required in conversation, -and all the traders and shopkeepers on the reservation have a smattering -of it. - -Better interpreters for Kaiowē were obtained at Anadarko, the seat of -the agency, where Mr. Gatschet remained from October 31 to December 12. -A few Kaiowē were found who had passed some months or years among -Americans or at the Indian schools at Carlisle, Chilocco, and elsewhere, -and could express themselves intelligibly in English. A few white -Mexicans were found among the Comanche, who were captured by them in -infancy, acquired the Comanche language, and have ever since lived among -these Indians. Of the Kaiowē, Mr. Gatschet acquired over two thousand -terms, phrases, and sentences, several historic texts of value, and of -the Comanche, eight hundred or a thousand words. The circumstances -necessitated careful and numerous revisions of everything obtained, by -which much of the time was absorbed. - -The Na-ishi Apache, about four hundred in number and formerly roaming -with the Kaiowē, furnished also a large amount of terms, exceeding -fifteen hundred. - -There are a few verbal similarities between the Kaiowē and the Shoshoni -languages, but apparently not enough to indicate anything more than long -association of these peoples. The Kaiowē has a dual in the intransitive -verb and in some nouns. There are more than a dozen different modes of -forming the plural of nouns. The subject pronoun is incorporated with -the verb as a prefix, and every tense has a different subject pronoun, -as in Otomi and other languages of southern Mexico. - -Vocabularies were also obtained of Delaware, Ottawa, Yuchi, Caddo, -Wichita, and of the hitherto unstudied Caddo dialects of Anadarko and -Yatassi. - -In spite of persevering search it was not possible to find any of the -Bidai or the Tonica in Texas, although it is probable that some of them -survived in that State as late as 1850. - -Mr. Gatschet then passed a whole month among the Atakapa at Lake -Charles, the county seat of Calcasieu parish, Louisiana. Of the two -dialects traceable, only the western one seems to exist now, being still -spoken by a few women living at the town. The language is sonorous, but -strongly nasal. - -Returning to the Indian Territory, after a fruitless search for the -Tonica and Adai, he stopped at Eufaula, Creek Nation, to meet a Na'htchi -Indian named Lasley, about sixty years old, who had represented his -tribe in the councils of the Creek Nation. This man explained his -Na'htchi terms and phrases by Creek equivalents, and these had to be -translated into English to obtain full light concerning the Na'htchi -terms. One legendary text was also obtained. The language is rather -consonantal and has a multiplicity of verbal forms. - -Among the Yuchi tribe on Middle Arkansas river, southwestern bank, and -over 40 miles from Muscogee Station, Indian Territory, he remained but a -week, too short a time to obtain full information respecting this -interesting language. There are five or six hundred Yuchi still living -on this tract. Two texts and a few popular songs, with one thousand -terms of the language, were obtained. - -The last stop was made among the Modoc at Quapaw Agency, at the agency -buildings. About ninety are left of those brought there for having taken -part in the Modoc war of 1872-'73. Five mythic tales were gathered from -the natives within the short time of three weeks, one of them being of -considerable length and of importance. It is called "The birth of -Aishish." The birth of this astral deity resembles in most particulars -that of Bacchus from the thigh of Jupiter after his mother, Semele, had -been burned to death. The terms, phrases, and sentences gathered, -besides the myth mentioned, amount to over fifteen hundred items, which -will prove useful for completing the work on the Klamath Indians of -Oregon now in preparation. - -Of the Shawnee language several hundred words were gathered from the -Indians of that tribe settled around the agency. - -Mr. Gatschet returned to Washington in April, 1885. - - - WORK OF REV. J. OWEN DORSEY. - -Rev. J. Owen Dorsey visited the Siletz Agency, Oregon, in August, 1884, -to gain linguistic and other information respecting the tribes in that -region. When he returned, in November, he brought back as the result of -his work the following vocabularies:—Athapascan family: Applegate Creek, -Galice Creek, Chastā Costa, Miko-no-tunne, Chetco, Smith River, Cal., -and Upper Coquille.—Yakonan family: Yaquina, Alsea, Siuslaw, and Lower -Umpqua.—Kusan family: Mulluk or Lower Coquille.—Takilman family: Takilma -or Upper Rogue River.—Shahaptian family: Klikitat.—Sastean family: -Shasti—total, nineteen vocabularies, ranging from fifty to three -thousand entries, exclusive of phrases and grammatical notes. - -He also obtained materials for an account of the social organization -into villages of some of these Indians, the basis for which appears to -have been the clan or gens. Rough maps, showing the localities of the -villages, were made. Mr. Dorsey also obtained from several tribes the -corresponding Indian names of about sixty vegetal products, specimens of -which were brought to Washington for identification. - - - WORK OF MR. JEREMIAH CURTIN. - -Mr. Curtin spent the first two weeks of July at the Quapaw agency, -Indian Territory, in making a collection of Modoc myths, which he had -begun in the preceding winter, being part of a general collection of -Indian myths begun in 1883. The number of Modoc myths obtained was -nearly one hundred. - -After finishing work at the Quapaw Agency, he returned to Washington, -and shortly afterward was directed to proceed to northern California and -obtain vocabularies of the Nosa and Kombo languages, and thence to -Oregon to obtain vocabularies of the Wasco, Tyigh, and Tenina languages. - -Work was begun on the Nosa language (Yanan family) at Redding, Cal., on -October 11. The difficulties were very great, especially at first, owing -to the fact that the Nosa are few in number, live far from one another, -and have a very imperfect knowledge of English. - -The Nosa were a prominent and rather numerous people until 1864, when -all of them who could be found were massacred by white settlers, who -organized two companies for the purpose of exterminating the tribe. -Owing to a chance by which a few escaped and to the exertions of Mr. -Benjamin Oliver, who secreted several in his cellar, about fifteen full -blood Nosa survived. - -Work on Nosa was continued in and around Redding until the end of -November, when Round Mountain was visited to complete the Nosa -vocabulary and obtain that of the Atsugei (Palaikan family), a very -interesting language. Work at Round Mountain was finished on January 8 -and Redding was revisited on January 9, preparatory to departing for -Oregon. - -Owing to the excessive severity of the winter and the snow blockades, -which lasted six weeks, communication with Warm Spring was closed, and -it was impossible to enter the reservation till January 27, when -Sinnashee, a school and center of the Warm Spring Indian population, was -reached. - -At this place the Tyigh vocabulary (Shahaptian family) was collected. -The Wasco (Chinookan family) was obtained at the agency headquarters -near the Deschutes river. Tenina, being identical with the Tyigh -language, was omitted. From April 18, at which date work at the Warm -Spring agency was finished, until June 30, the time was devoted to -collecting myths in the Klamath reservation and at Yreka. - -During the whole period of work all the myths that could be found among -the people whose languages were being investigated were reduced to -writing. In this manner a large body of Nosa, Atsugei, Tyigh, and Wasco -myths was collected. In the cases of Klamath and Shasti, myths were the -objects directly in view. - -The vocabularies were obtained with satisfactory completeness and the -verbal systems worked out in detail. - -The Nosa is remarkable for a regularity of structure which yields to -analysis and has a certain monotonous harmony of sound. - -The Atsugei has a sonorous roll, a strong letter _r_, and a certain -number of words in common with the Shasti, itself one of the _r_ -languages. - - - GENERAL FIELD WORK. - - - WORK OF DR. WASHINGTON MATTHEWS. - -Dr. Washington Matthews, assistant surgeon U. S. Army, continued his -investigations among the Navajo Indians in New Mexico and Arizona. He -had been stationed in the Navajo country as post surgeon of Fort -Wingate, N. Mex., from 1880 to 1884, during which time he devoted -himself to studying the language, customs, and ceremonies of this tribe -as much as his official duties would permit. Some of the great -shamanistic ceremonies of the Navajo, occupying nine days for their -performance, he had often seen in part; but he had never had an -opportunity of witnessing one throughout its entire duration, as he had -not sufficient time at his disposal. - -Before leaving New Mexico, however, he secured the friendship and -confidence of some of the leading medicine men and obtained their -promise to admit him to their most secret rites during their entire -performance whenever he should be able to avail himself of the -privilege. He was also promised complete instruction in the mythology -and symbolism of these rites. - -In the autumn of 1884 he was given an opportunity, under the auspices of -the Bureau of Ethnology, to return to the Navajo country and devote -himself for a considerable time entirely to anthropologic studies among -the people. - -He first visited the Navajo who dwell in the neighborhood of the San -Mateo mountains, the Tsotsildinè, or people of the Great Peak, a local -division or subtribe living much farther to the east and having longer -and more intimate associations with Mexicans and Americans than the main -body of the people. While at this place, he ascended the peak of San -Mateo, or Mount Taylor, a mountain held sacred by the Navajo, to observe -the various places on the mountain mentioned in the Navajo myths. - -Leaving San Mateo he proceeded to Fort Wingate, and learning that one of -the most important of the Navajo rites was about to be celebrated at a -place called Niqotlizi (Hard Earth), north of Fort Wingate on the Navajo -reservation, he repaired thither without delay. The ceremony which he -went to witness was that of dsilyídje-qaçàl, or mountain chant. It is -also called Ilnasjingo-qaçàl, or chant in the dark circle of branches, -from the great corral of evergreens in which the public rites of the -last night are performed. It is known to the white men who live among -these Indians as the hoshkawn dance, from one of the public dances of -the last night, in which the Indian jugglers pretend to grow and develop -the hackàn, or _Yucca baccata_. This last night's performance is varied -and interesting and all persons, including whites and Indians of other -tribes, are permitted to witness it; but previously, for several days, -mystic rites are celebrated in the medicine lodge, to the most of which -only the initiated are admitted. Dr. Matthews remained ten days in the -Indian camp at Niqotlizi, during which time the shamans admitted him -into their medicine lodge and allowed him to observe their rites and -practices. - -His most interesting discovery on this occasion was that of their system -of mythic dry paintings, by which they represent various legends or -traditions with dry pigments on the sanded floor of the medicine lodge. -A full account of the ceremonies and of the myth on which they are based -was prepared by Dr. Matthews and appeared in the Fifth Annual Report of -this Bureau. - -When the ceremony at Niqotlizi was over he proceeded to a locality in -Arizona called by the whites The Haystacks, from the peculiar appearance -of the rock formations there. At The Haystacks another great ceremony, -probably the second in importance of the Navajo rites, was to take -place. Here he again encamped with the Indians and remained until the -work of the shamans was done. - -The ceremonial observances witnessed on this occasion are, collectively, -called by the Navajo Klèdji-qaçàl, or chant of the night. They are -called by the whites the Yàybichy dance, from the name of the principal -masked character, Yèbitcai or Gebitcai, the granduncle of the gods. Like -the hoshkawn dance, it has several days of secret rites with elaborate -symbolic sand pictures and one night of public dances, less varied and -interesting than those of the hoshkawn. Dr. Matthews was permitted to -witness the whole performance and to take as many notes and sketches as -were necessary. - -From The Haystacks Dr. Matthews went to the Indian agency at Fort -Defiance, Arizona, where he secured the services of one of the oldest -and most learned (in their own peculiar lore) of the Navajo priests, and -from him he obtained full explanations of all these rites and of the -symbolism of the pictures and masked characters, with a complete recital -of the long and elaborate myths on which the ceremonies depend, and the -texts and translations of the very numerous songs which form the ritual -of the ceremonies. - - - WORK OF DR. H. C. YARROW. - -Dr. H. C. Yarrow, acting assistant surgeon U. S. Army, with the -assistance of military details and supplies, in addition to the -instruction and facilities provided by this Bureau, started, August 8, -1884, on an expedition into the Territory of Utah, with reference mainly -to the exploration of burial mounds and the study of mortuary customs. - -Near Choke Cherry Spring a burial cave was discovered, containing the -skeletons of three persons, which were secured. Other skeletons, with -contents of graves, were obtained near Willow creek; also, an -interesting specimen of tree burial. - -At Deep creek an explanation of the curious form of water burial was -gained from a chief of the Gosiats, to the effect that the bodies of the -turbulent and disorderly men of the tribe were thus disposed of to -prevent the spirits of these objectionable persons from joining the rest -of the tribe after death. Their bodies were sunk in springs and marshy -places and kept down by sticks and stones, so that their spirits could -never get out. - -In the neighborhood of Fillmore a mound was excavated which afforded an -admirable example of the beforementioned conversion of a dwelling into a -sepulcher. The probability is that the deceased died in his house, which -was made of adobe bricks, and that it was at once abandoned and the body -left therein, the roof being first removed. The corpse was placed on the -floor and covered with a paste of moist clay, on which were placed the -mortuary gifts of weapons, utensils, and food. Cottonwood branches were -then piled above and set on fire, thus baking the clay crust and -charring the several objects. The whole structure had been covered, so -that on first examination the hard surface of burnt clay, 18 inches -below the loose earth, appeared to be the floor of a former dwelling. - -In the whole of the expedition, which continued into the last days of -September, much difficulty was experienced from the suspicion and -consequent hostility of the Indians of the localities visited. - - - WORK OF DR. W. J. HOFFMAN. - -Dr. W. J. Hoffman proceeded early in August to Victoria, B. C., where -numerous sketches of Haida totem posts and carvings were obtained, in -connection with the myths which they illustrated. At this locality -attention was paid to the burial customs and osteologic remains of the -nearly extinct tribe of Songish Indians. - -At Port Townsend sketches were obtained of Thlinkit ivory and wood -carvings, clearly indicating the adoption by that tribe of Haida art -designs. Here, too, many Indians of British-American tribes were met on -their way south to work in the Puyallup hop fields, notable among which -was a large number of Haida, whose persons were examined for the purpose -of copying the numerous and varied tattoo designs with which they were -profusely decorated. Interpretations of many of these characters were -obtained from the persons bearing them, as well as from the chief artist -of the tribe, together with concise descriptions of the methods and -customs in connection with tattooing and the materials used. Drawings -were made of a collection of Eskimo pictographs and ivory carvings at -the museum of the Alaska Commercial Company and the California Academy -of Sciences, San Francisco, Cal. - -At Santa Barbara, Cal., Dr. Hoffman discovered some painted pictographs -and examined a number which have not yet been published. In several -private collections at this place were found interesting relics of the -Indians formerly inhabiting Santa Cruz island, the most important of -which was a steatite cup containing earthy coloring matter and pricking -instruments of bone, which had evidently been used in tattooing. Painted -pictographs were also visited in the Azuza cañon, twenty-five miles -northeast of Los Angeles. - -At Tule Indian Agency, in the deep valleys on the western slope of the -Sierra Nevada, sketches of pictographs were made in continuation of work -accomplished there two years before. Vocabularies were also obtained -from the Waitchumni Indians here located, as well as from the few -remaining Santa Barbara Indians at Cathedral Oaks, Santa Barbara county, -Cal. By far the greatest amount of pictographic material was collected -in Owen's valley, California, where series of petroglyphs are scattered -over an arid, sandy desert, the extremes of which are more than twenty -miles apart. - - - - - OFFICE WORK. - - -The work upon a synonymy of the Indian tribes of North America, which -has been mentioned to some extent in former reports, has been continued -with increased energy. - -Every tribe of Indians of any size and importance has been treated of by -historians under a variety of names. The sources of these different -appellations are manifold. In very many instances the names of tribes or -other bodies of Indians communicated by themselves have been imperfectly -understood and erroneously recorded; misspelled names and typographical -errors have been perpetuated. - -Traders, priests, and colonists have called the same tribes by different -names and the historian has often added to the confusion by handing down -these synonyms as the names of other and different tribes. Not a few -tribes well known under established names have received new names upon a -change of residence, especially when they have removed to a great -distance or have coalesced or allied with other tribes. Added to these -and to other sources of confusion are the loose and dissimilar -applications of the terms clan, band, tribe, confederacy, and league, -the same term having been used with various meanings by different -authors. - -As a consequence the student of Indian languages and customs finds -himself in a tangle, as regards tribal names, which it is beyond the -power of the individual worker, unaided, to unravel. The scope of the -work in question includes the attempt to trace the several names back to -their sources and to ascertain their original and proper application, to -define their meaning when possible, and to relegate each tribe under its -proper title to the linguistic family to which it belongs. In the -completion of this work the whole force of the Bureau assists. - -The need of a volume giving the results mentioned has long been felt, -and it is believed that it will prove to be one of the most important -contributions to the accurate study of Indian history ever made. The -classification of the languages of the North American Indians is closely -connected with the synonymy of tribal names, each work assisting the -other. During recent years the number of students who have directed -their attention more or less exclusively to the study of Indian -languages has been constantly augmented, and as a result of their labors -the number of vocabularies has been correspondingly increased; hence the -demand for a more comprehensive and satisfactory classification than now -exists. - -Prior to Gallatin's time little or nothing had been done in the -direction of a systematic classification of Indian languages. In 1836 -Gallatin issued his treatise in which he classified all the languages -which he was able to study by a direct comparison of vocabularies. His -classification was an immense advance over anything previously done and -has proved a boon for scholars, having served, indeed, practically as -the basis for most of the work in the same line performed since his -time. No fixed rules of nomenclature, however, have ever been adopted by -linguistic writers, and authors have named and renamed linguistic groups -without regard to the names imposed upon the same or similar groups by -earlier writers. As a result great confusion has followed not only -respecting the status of the various linguistic families, but also -respecting the identity of the languages which have served as a basis -for the several groups proposed. The remedy for this state of affairs is -the adoption, with strict adherence thereto, of a code of nomenclatural -rules similar in scope to those prevailing among zoölogists. - -There would appear to be no good reason why the rule of priority of -name, for instance, should not be followed in linguistic as well as in -zoölogic classification, or why the same beneficial result of fixity of -nomenclature should not be expected to result from the adoption of this -rule in the one case as in the other. Students who may attempt to -unravel the many perplexing nomenclatural problems arising from -unnecessary change of names will certainly agree that such a rule is no -less desirable in linguistics than in zoölogy. - -Accordingly, the rule of priority of name, within certain limitations, -together with some other rules, has been adopted by the Bureau. These -limitations and rules, together with a discussion of the subject, which -would still be premature, may be presented by the Director in his next -annual report. - -Mr. H. W. HENSHAW, when not in the field, was specially engaged in the -organization and details of the office work upon tribal synonymy and -linguistic classification above described. A careful examination of all -the literature pertaining to these correlated subjects was necessary and -also the preparation of tentative tables of synonymy. He has prepared -such tables and made in connection with them a brief historical résumé -of the literature. Much longer time and the work of the whole official -force will, however, be needed for the completion for publication of the -results of this vast and complicated undertaking. - -Mrs. ERMINNIE A. SMITH was occupied, while not engaged in the field as -reported above, in the revision for publication of her Tuscarora -dictionary, the material for which had been collected during several -years. - -Col. GARRICK MALLERY continued the collection and classification of -material on the two correlated subjects of sign language and -pictographs. His two preliminary papers on those subjects have appeared -in former annual reports. It is intended, while increasing the data -obtained from the Indian tribes of North America, bearing upon these -subjects, to supplement and illustrate the mass of information collected -from those tribes by comparison with everything of a similar character -to be found in other parts of the world and to publish the results of -the collection and study in the form of monographs. - -Dr. W. J. Hoffman, when not in the field, continued to assist in the -work mentioned. - -Mr. JAMES C. PILLING'S preparation of the Bibliography of North American -Languages continued during the year. In October and November he visited -several libraries in Boston and Providence, for the purpose of clearing -up a number of doubtful points. During the year pages 839-1135 were -received from the printer, which completed the volume. In the spring a -limited number of copies were struck off by the Public Printer, and -these have been sent to various libraries, public institutions, and to -individuals interested in the subject, for the purpose of obtaining -additions and corrections, with the intention, if these should prove to -be numerous, of resetting the matter. - -Mr. FRANK H. CUSHING was stationed at Washington at the commencement of -the fiscal year and was engaged in the classification of his field -material in preparation for its publication. During the fall he -completed a short paper on Zuñi culture growth as evidenced by studies -of Pueblo ceramics, which was published in the Fourth Annual Report of -the Bureau. In this paper he maintains, with a large amount of -linguistic evidence, that the Zuñi culture is mainly autochthonous, and -that its growth, especially the growth of architectural, agricultural, -ceramic, and other arts and industries pertaining to it, has been -largely accomplished within the desert areas of America which still form -the habitat of the Pueblo Indians, and probably, also, within a period -more limited than has usually been supposed essential to such -development. - -He prepared also a paper on the "Ancient province of Cibola and the -seven lost cities," in which he not only identifies the seven cities of -Cibola above referred to with seven ruins near the present Zuñi village, -but also furnishes interesting examples of the permanence of Indian -tradition and of its value, when properly used, as a factor, in -ethnographic and historic research. - -Among the later and perhaps more important results of his studies during -the year are investigations of the myths and folk tales abundantly -recorded by him during previous years among the Zuñi. - -By the extended comparison which he is able to make between these folk -tales and myths, now first brought together as a whole, and by the -application to their study of the linguistic method employed by him in -the preparation of the two papers already mentioned, he is able to trace -the growth of mere ideas or of primitive conceptions of natural or -biotic phenomena and of physical or animal function into the personæ and -incidents which go to make up myths, as well as to trace the influence -of these growths on the worship of the Zuñi. - -Early in 1885 Mr. Cushing furnished the Director with a schedule of his -manuscript, notes, and sketches, and from an examination of this it was -deemed advisable that he should continue putting his linguistic material -into permanent shape, in order that it might be used as a check on -ensuing studies of the sociology and mythology of the Zuñi, as well as -for its suggestive value towards the explanation of obscure passages in -those departments of study. This work had progressed but little, -however, when a severe illness necessitated its temporary abandonment. - -Prof. CYRUS THOMAS, in addition to his administrative duties in charge -of the division of mound exploration, was engaged in preparing for -publication the results of the operations of that division. The constant -arrangement, comparison, and study of the material objects and facts -ascertained required his close application. He also commenced the paper -presented by him in this volume. - -Mr. VICTOR MINDELEFF, in the first part of the fiscal year, completed -models of the seven villages of the ancient Province of Tusayan, -together with a relief model illustrating the topographical character of -the province. The model of Walpi, of this series, was carried out in -such a manner as to show on a large scale the character of the rocky -mesa on which the town is built. Several types of cliff ruins were also -modeled for this series, among them the White House ruin of Cañon de -Chelly and the mummy cave of Cañon de la Muerte. After August 1 this -work was carried on under the supervision of Mr. Cosmos Mindeleff, who -also prepared a model of the great Etowah mound from the data of Mr. V. -Mindeleff's survey; he also furnished several other examples of mounds, -with sections, under the direction of Prof. Cyrus Thomas. This work was -carried on without interruption until December 7, when Mr. Cosmos -Mindeleff was ordered to New Orleans, to take charge of the combined -exhibits of the U. S. Geological Survey and the Bureau of Ethnology, and -was instructed to look after the proper installation of the same in the -Government building. He returned to Washington about February 1. During -the ensuing four months the small force in the modeling room was engaged -in making models of the ancient pueblos of the Chaco, from the plans -secured during the preceding summer, as referred to in the report of -field work. This work continued until early June, when Mr. C. Mindeleff -was again ordered to New Orleans to take charge of the packing and -shipment of the exhibits of the Geological Survey and Bureau of -Ethnology for their return to Washington and for the installation of a -portion of the material at the Louisville Exposition. During the -interval from February 1 to June 15 Mr. Victor Mindeleff was engaged in -the preparation of a report on the architecture of the ancient provinces -of Cibola and Tusayan, together with the plans and diagrams necessary -for its illustration. This study was based on the large amount of data -that had been secured during former field seasons for modeling purposes. - -Rev. J. OWEN DORSEY, when not in the field, made nearly 10,000 entries -for the Ȼegiha-English dictionary, and prepared Ponka and Omaha native -texts, with free and interlinear translations, in addition to those -found in part 1 of vol. 6, Contributions to North American Ethnology. -After December 1, 1884, he collated the following vocabularies obtained -by him in Oregon, viz: Takelma, Shasti, Applegate Creek, Chastā Costa, -Galice Creek, Mulluk, Siuslaw, Lower Umpqua, Yaquina, Klikitat, and one -on Smith River, California. He also prepared a list of the villages -obtained from the tribes at the Siletz Agency, Oregon. - -Mr. ALBERT S. GATSCHET was engaged at the beginning of the fiscal year -in revising and perfecting his grammar of the Klamath language of -southern Oregon. The phonology was completed and stereotyped, extending -from page 200 to 245. He was engaged in correcting proofs of the -subsequent section on morphology when he proceeded to the Southwest, as -elsewhere reported, to investigate several languages spoken there, the -affinities of which had not before been ascertained. - -Mr. W. H. HOLMES, as in previous years, has supervised the illustrations -of the Bureau publications. He also continued his archæologic studies, -chiefly in the department of ceramics, the character of which is shown -by his papers in this volume. He was in charge of the preparation of -exhibits for the expositions at New Orleans, Louisville, and Cincinnati; -but, owing to the pressure of other duties, much of this work was -intrusted to Mr. Cosmos Mindeleff, who was assisted materially by Mr. -Victor Mindeleff. The most important feature of the exhibits consisted -of models of plaster and papier mâché of the pueblo towns and cliff -houses of New Mexico and Arizona. - -Aside from the models, exhibits of ethnologic and archæologic materials -were made. A large and important collection of objects of pueblo art was -obtained by Mr. James Stevenson, but much of it failed to reach -Washington in time for exhibition purposes, and a series of similar -objects, already classified and labeled, was selected from the National -Museum and forwarded to New Orleans. A valuable collection of the -ancient fictile products of Tusayan belonging to Mr. Thomas Keam was -also utilized in perfecting the exhibits of Pueblo art. - -Archæologic materials from other sections of the country were placed on -exhibition, notably a superb collection of prehistoric relics from the -province of Chiriqui, Panama, which was purchased for the purpose. - -The collections of ethnologic and archæologic material made during the -year are of unusual importance and magnitude. This is chiefly due to the -facilities afforded by the New Orleans Exposition fund, a liberal -portion of which was devoted to the collection and purchase of objects -of permanent value to the Government and to science. The collections -made by Mr. Stevenson in Zuñi and Acoma comprise upward of four thousand -pieces, chiefly objects of clay, but including other classes of -products. The collection of prehistoric relics obtained by Mr. J. A. -McNiel from the tombs of Chiriqui is one of the most important and -complete series of ancient American products to be found in any country, -and must prove of great value to students. - -Mr. Victor Mindeleff secured a small series of relics from the ancient -ruins of northern New Mexico and Arizona, and Dr. H. C. Yarrow added -some objects of archæologic and ethnologic interest from central Utah. -Mrs. Erminnie A. Smith procured a number of articles of shell, -illustrating the modern manufacture of wampum in New Jersey; a small -collection of fragmentary pottery from the eastern shore of Maryland was -presented by Mr. Joseph D. McGuire, of Ellicott City; and Mr. Holmes -secured a series of articles, including arrowheads, shell implements, -and pottery, from the island of Nantucket. Mound explorations, conducted -by Dr. Cyrus Thomas, yielded a valuable series of objects of stone and -clay. An unusually interesting series of the earthen vessels of the -ancient pueblo races was secured by Mr. E. W. Nelson in eastern central -Arizona. The greater part of the abovementioned material has already -been catalogued and turned over to the U. S. National Museum. - -Dr. H. C. YARROW, acting assistant surgeon, U. S. Army, besides his -field explorations described, continued to collect information relative -to the mortuary customs of North American Indians. Of the material -gathered, a considerable portion has been forwarded by various persons -throughout the country in answer to the circular sent out early in the -last year, but much has also been derived from the published works on -anthropologic subjects, including scientific journals and reports. -Numerous authorities have been consulted and much time has been devoted -to the consideration of the many theories advanced to account for -certain peculiar rites and customs. - -Mr. CHARLES C. ROYCE continued during the year the preparation of a -historical atlas of Indian cessions. The boundaries of the various -cessions of land by the different Indian tribes were traced out and -located upon the maps of the States and Territories left uncompleted at -the date of the last annual report. All that remains to be done in -completing the atlas for publication is to transcribe, with considerable -elaboration, the historical and descriptive notes pertaining to the -various cessions, and to make, from the rough working sheets, legible -copies of the maps showing the boundaries of the cessions within the -States of California, Oregon, Nevada, and Texas and the Territories of -Washington, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, and -Dakota. Most of these States and Territories will each require two maps, -showing respectively the primary and secondary cessions. The work will -be finished as rapidly as possible. - - - - - ACCOMPANYING PAPERS. - - -The present volume contains papers the subject matter of which may be -classified under the grand divisions of Technology, Philosophy, -Sociology, and Ethnography. - -They are all prepared by experts of recognized authority in their -several lines of research and are illustrated to the degree required by -the text for full understanding, the number of figures presented being -548, besides ten full page plates. Special mention of each of these -papers follows in their order as printed. - - - ANCIENT ART OF THE PROVINCE OF CHIRIQUI, COLOMBIA, BY - WILLIAM H. HOLMES. - -The archæology of Chiriqui should be studied, not only for comparison -with that of the territory comprised in the present political divisions -of North America, but because geographically the province should be -considered as a part of the North American continent. Until recently -this isthmian region was little known, the explorations for railroads -and canals having furnished the first valuable accounts of its modern -inhabitants and the relics left by former occupants. - -The National Museum now contains a large and precious collection of -archæologic material from the province, chiefly obtained by Mr. J. A. -McNiel during years of enthusiastic labor. The information derived and -the lessons to be learned from this collection, together with all -particulars relating thereto gathered from other sources, are now -presented in this paper by Mr. W. H. Holmes. His work in the -classification of the immense number of objects and in the elucidation -of their functions, material, construction, forms, and decorations has -been careful and comprehensive. His manifest success has been owing to -his artistic insight and skill as well as to his archæologic training. -His ability in both fields can be appreciated by an examination of the -287 illustrations in his paper, considered not only as to their number, -but as to their instructive arrangement in his text. - -The objects of ancient art found in Chiriqui are, as elsewhere in North -America, derived almost entirely from graves. The cemeteries, apart from -their contents and the mode of sepulture, constitute in themselves -topics of interest which are discussed and illustrated in the paper. -Another curious feature is that the objects buried generally appear to -have been manufactured for mortuary purposes and not for use by the -living. A general review of the contents of the graves shows that the -ancient inhabitants were skillful in the manipulation of stone, gold, -copper, and clay, and tombs of undoubtedly great antiquity yield -evidence of long continued culture. - -It also appears that, while the art of the old peoples of the isthmus -can in some respects be connected with that of adjacent regions in North -America, in others it is remarkable for individuality. Ornaments of -stone were seldom used by them and those of gold and copper were common. -The articles of gold which the graves have yielded in large quantities -to explorers during the last quarter of a century, and for which only -they have until recently been searched, have generally been considered -to be mere ornaments, but they probably had a fetichistic origin. - -It is remarkable that no weapon, tool, or utensil of metal has been -noticed. The objects were generally formed by casting in molds, which -was done with considerable skill, and gilding, or at least plating, was -practiced. The art of alloying also appears to have been understood. - -The use of metals does not appear early in the order of technology, and -an advanced degree of culture is generally attained before the casting -of any metal is attempted. Without allowing too much weight to any -argument based upon the surprising skill of these people in plating and -alloying, the evidence of technical skill in general, together with the -conceptions embodied in their art, proves conclusively that it was the -product of a long period of experiment and progress. - -The pottery of Chiriqui is to be noted for the perfection of its -technique, its high specialization of form, and its conventional use of -a wide range of decorative motives. Its forms present many striking -analogies to the wheel made ware of the Mediterranean, regarded as -classic. - -The mythologic stage of the builders of these graves is shown by the -fact that in their ceramic art there is no attempt to render the human -face or figure with accuracy. The personages of their religious -philosophy were zoömorphic and some of their forms may be discerned by a -skillful analyst in or on all the ornaments and vessels. On each of the -latter all decorative devices and delineations have some reference to -the mythic creature associated with the vessel and its functions. - -Mr. Holmes has made an important discovery in the evolution of -decoration in Chiriqui from which are deduced instructive -generalizations of wide application. All the decorations originate -(doubtless under the influence of the stage reached in mythologic -philosophy) in life forms of animals, none being vegetal. Coming from -mythologic concepts they are significant and ideographic, and coming -from nature they are primarily imitative and non-geometric. Nevertheless -the agencies of modification inherent in the practice of art through its -mechanical conditions are such that the animal forms early employed have -changed into conventional decorative devices, among which are the -meander, scroll, fret, chevron, and guilloche. - -That this was the course of evolution of the classic forms of ornaments -is not asserted; indeed, it is not necessary to form such a hypothesis, -as by the interacting principles, well classified by Mr. Holmes, the -course by which the same result was accomplished may have been wholly -diverse. It is, however, shown that this was in all probability the -particular and independent course in one region of America, being in -that respect in distinct contrast to other art regions, such as that of -the Pueblos, where the rise of geometric figures through technologic -channels is equally obvious. It follows that in seeking to divide -peoples by the criteria of their decorative arts the examination must -embrace what is far more fundamental than a mere comparison of their -finished products: these may be and are markedly similar without any -evidence of transmission, and when in fact by deeper study the -ascertained separate courses of development preclude such transmission. - - - A STUDY OF THE TEXTILE ART IN ITS RELATION TO THE - DEVELOPMENT OF FORM AND ORNAMENT, BY W. H. HOLMES. - -For several years Mr. Holmes has been engaged in the study of the -ancient and existing art of the North American Indians, and has -published in the annual reports of this Bureau a number of elaborate -essays upon the art of specified peoples and regions. - -In the present paper he submits the comprehensive results of his studies -in one great branch, the textile art, and treats chiefly of its esthetic -relations as distinct from those of construction and function, so far as -they can be separately discussed. - -He has been fortunate in the character of the material studied. In -America there is yet found a great body of primitive, indigenous, and -independent art, almost uncontaminated by the complex phenomena, -processes, and conditions which elsewhere obscure its origin and -development. To a knowledge of American art acquired by long study Mr. -Holmes adds a mental equipment exceptionally qualifying him for its -philosophic discussion. His conclusions therefore, presented with ample -evidence and explained by illustrations, are to be received as those of -a recognized authority, although they may disturb some sentimental and -metaphysical fancies concerning abstract beauty in form, color, and -design. - -It is not contended that the earliest concepts of beauty originated with -textile art. On the contrary, it is probable that the first esthetic -attempts were in the line of personal decoration, such as paints on the -skin and pendants and feathers disposed about the person. But as the -textile art appears early and widely in culture it is believed that the -association of esthetic concepts with it very generally preceded their -association with other arts. Having thus the start in the field, its -nature was full of suggestions of embellishment, while it was fixed in -its method of expression. The technique therefore shaped and directed -the esthetic concept and became the parent of much geometric ornament. - -Mr. Holmes gives an instructive analysis of the forces and influences -inherent in the textile art, the first lessons of which are order, -uniformity, and symmetry; he shows how the necessities of technique -determine ideas of the beautiful in linear geometric forms and how taste -in selecting certain ornaments as the most beautiful is simply choosing -that product which in the evolution of art gave it character and power. - -The influence of textile ornament upon other forms of art, such as -architecture and sculpture, is discussed, as also the manner in which -extrinsic decorative elements are remodeled in accordance with the rules -of textile combination. The paper, however, does not undertake to cover -the whole field of the development of form and ornament, being confined -to the relation of the textile art thereto, and similar studies in all -other grand divisions of art must be made before the relative importance -of all their forces and tendencies can be estimated. But the laws of -evolution in all art closely correspond, and the present paper is -eminently instructive to all students of the esthetic. - - - AIDS TO THE STUDY OF THE MAYA CODICES, BY CYRUS THOMAS. - -That Prof. Cyrus Thomas has long been engaged in the examination of the -few Maya records in existence is known from his former works, "A study -of the Manuscript Troano" and "Notes on certain Maya and Mexican -manuscripts," both published by the Bureau of Ethnology. - -The object of the present paper is to give information of some original -discoveries and to present some explanations not brought forward by -Professor Thomas in his former papers. - -The records of Maya and Mexico yet challenge students with unsolved -problems similar to those which in the writings of Egypt and Assyria -have perplexed so many generations. The translation of the paleographic -literature of this continent may be expected to throw light on the past -of America, in some degree reproducing the brilliant result which has -attended the translation of the hieroglyphs of the eastern hemisphere. -Long and laborious comparisons, together with the trial of successive -hypotheses, will be necessary to the decipherment of our aboriginal -manuscripts, and but few competent persons are actively engaged in the -work. It becomes, therefore, the duty of any one whose discoveries tend -to clear up even minor points of the great problem to furnish them to -his fellow laborers, and thereby limit the remaining field of -investigation. In this paper Professor Thomas supplements his former -work. - - - OSAGE TRADITIONS, BY REV. J. OWEN DORSEY. - -This paper contains an account of a secret society of seven degrees, -still existing among the Osage, in which the traditions of the people -have been preserved. The author, by his skill and personal influence, -has obtained and now furnishes two of these traditions in the original -language, with an interlinear and a free translation of each and with -explanatory remarks. - -The traditions are both cosmologic and sociologic, and are admirable -examples of Indian philosophy. The existence of secret associations, -periodically celebrating religious mysteries, and of shamanistic orders, -which, by ceremonies, pictographs, and chants, have preserved in more or -less purity the traditions of their ancestors, has been vaguely known -for some years, but until lately no accurate or indeed intelligent -account of them has been secured. - -The exertions of several of the officers of this Bureau have been -successful in obtaining full details and clear explanations both of the -traditions and the ceremonials of several of the Indian tribes, notably -those of the Zuñi and the Navajo, published in former annual reports. -The present paper by Mr. Dorsey takes an important place in this new -collection of materials for the study of Indian philosophy, from which -valuable results have been already acquired. - - - THE CENTRAL ESKIMO, BY DR. FRANZ BOAS. - -For the express purpose of personal exploration and examination, the -author of this important paper spent a considerable time in the region -of which he treats. His course of travel was to Cumberland sound and -Davis strait. The grand division of the Eskimauan linguistic family, -inhabiting nearly the whole range of the Arctic-American coast, which -has been classed as Central Eskimo, occupies the northeastern part of -the continent and the eastern islands of the Arctic-American -archipelago. It inhabits, at Smith sound, the most northern countries in -which man has been known to dwell. Its southern and western boundaries -are about Fort Churchill, the middle part of Back river, and the coast -west of Adelaide peninsula. - -Dr. Boas gives an admirable account of the topography of the region and -of the distribution, tribal divisions, and numbers of the inhabitants. -His work is replete with valuable statements in minute detail and with -acute suggestions regarding their habits and customs. Their peculiar and -ingenious weapons, implements, and utensils are fully described and -illustrated. His account of their religious practices and beliefs, -supplemented by translations of their myths and legends, is equally -entertaining and instructive. - -In connection with his observations made through original research, Dr. -Boas presents the result of a close study and analysis of the work of -former explorers in this field, by which his contribution to the study -of this interesting hyperborean people will command additional -attention. - - - - - FINANCIAL STATEMENT. - - - _Table showing amounts appropriated and expended for North American - ethnology for the - fiscal year ending June 30, 1885._ - - ──────────────────────────────────────────┬─────────────┬───────────── - Expenses. │ Amounts │ Amount - │ expended. │appropriated. - ──────────────────────────────────────────┼─────────────┼───────────── - A. Services │ $30,433.55│ - B. Traveling expenses │ 3,716.14│ - C. Transportation of property │ 354.12│ - D. Field subsistence │ 198.42│ - E. Field supplies and expenses │ 535.45│ - F. Field material │ 197.71│ - G. Instruments │ 49.25│ - H. Modeling material │ 40.11│ - I. Photographic material │ 306.71│ - K. Books and maps │ 355.85│ - L. Stationery and drawing material │ 15.70│ - M. Illustrations for reports │ 668.64│ - N. Articles for distribution to Indians │ 23.69│ - O. Office furniture │ 59.67│ - P. Office supplies and repairs │ 36.61│ - Q. Manuscripts │ 395.00│ - R. Correspondence │ 15.43│ - S. Specimens │ 71.00│ - T. Collection of material for │ 1,326.61│ - classification of the Indians in│ │ - the United States │ │ - Balance on hand to meet outstanding │ 1,200.34│ - liabilities │ │ - ──────────────────────────────────────────┼─────────────┼───────────── - │ 40,000.00│ $40,000.00 - ──────────────────────────────────────────┴─────────────┴───────────── - - - - - ACCOMPANYING PAPERS. - - - - - INDEX. - - - A. - - Page. - - Acoma, collections of J. Stevenson from XLIX - - Adelung, J. C., cited 262 - - Adlet and Qadlunait, origin of the 637 - - Adlet or Erqigdlit 640 - - Aggomiut Eskimo tribe, situation and subdivisions of 442-444 - - Aglio, Augustina, fac simile of Dresden Codex by 263-266 - - Agutit Eskimo tribe, situation of 450, 451 - - Aivillirmiut Eskimo tribe, situation of 445-450 - - Akudnirmiut Eskimo tribe, situation of 440-442 - - Akuliarmiut Eskimo tribe, situation of 421 - - Alaskan Indians, illustration of ornamentation by 199 - - Alligator, utilization of, in Chiriquian art 130-140, 166, - 173-176, 178, - 80, 183 - - American Museum of Natural History, acknowledgments to 409 - - [American Museum of Natural History], figured specimens 472, 517 - from - - Ancient art of the province of Chiriqui, paper by W. H. 13-187 - Holmes on - - Ancon, Peru, examples of ornamentation from graves at 212, 230, 231, - 236, 243, 248 - - Anderson and Stewart, cited 458, 459 - - Apache, illustrations of ornamentation by 198, 213, 223 - - Ardnainiq, fabulous tribe in Eskimo tradition 640 - - Arrowpoints and spearheads of Chiriqui 34 - - - B. - - Back, cited 485 - - Baffin Land, description of 415, 416 - - [Baffin Land], distribution of tribes in 421-444 - - [Baffin Land], traditions of, with comparisons 641-643 - - Balboa, ornaments captured by 35 - - Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie etc., 409, 616 - Verhandlungen der, cited - - Bessels, Emil, cited 412, 460, 486 - - Bibliography of the Languages of the North American XXIV-XXVI - Indians - - Bickford, F. T., field work of XXVIII - - Bill Nix (W. P. Matthews), Osage traditions dictated by 377 - - Black incised group of Chiriquian pottery 80 - - Boas, F., remarks on paper respecting Central Eskimo by LVI, LVII - - [Boas, F.], paper on Central Eskimo by 399-669 - - Bollaert, W., cited 41, 45 - - Boothia Felix and Back River, tribes of 452-459 - - Böttiger, C. A., mention of Dresden Codex by 262 - - [Böttiger, C. A.], controversy with Abert concerning 267 - Dresden Codex - - Brasseur, copy of the Manuscript Troano by 284, 286, 343 - - [Brasseur], cited 350 - - British Guiana Indians, illustrations of ornamentation 217 - by - - - C. - - Calendar system, tabular view of 270-274 - - Castillo del Oro, name given by Columbus to Chiriqui 35 - - Ȼegiha-English dictionary XLVIII - - Celts, collection of, from Chiriqui 29-34 - - Central Eskimo, remarks on paper of F. Boas on LVI, LVII - - [Central Eskimo], paper on, by F. Boas 399-669 - - Charency, H. de, cited 282 - - Chimu, Peru, ornamentation of "hall of arabesques" at 251, 252 - - Chiriqui, collections from tombs at XLIX - - [Chiriqui], ancient art of the province of, by W. H. 13-187 - Holmes - - Cibola, identification of ancient cities of XLVI - - Clallam Indians, illustrations of ornamentation by 207 - - Codex Cortesianus, similarity of, to Manuscript Troano 286 - and Dresden Codex - - Collinson, cited 503 - - Color in textile art 201, 202 - - Color phenomena in textile ornament 215-232 - - Comanche Indians, linguistic work of A. S. Gatschet XXXIV - among - - Costa Rica, origin of name of 35 - - Cranz, D., cited 412, 586, 590 - - Cumberland Sound, description of settlements of 428-440 - - Curtin, J., linguistic field work of XXXVII, - XXXVIII - - Cushing, F. H., office work of XLVI - - - D. - - Dakota, organization of the 396 - - Darien, capture of, by Balboa 35 - - Davis Strait Indian tribes, snow houses of 541-544 - - Dease and Simpson, cited 458 - - De Zeltner, A. See Zeltner, A. de. Diller, J. S., 21, _note_ - acknowledgment to - - Dogs and sledges of Eskimo 529-538 - - - Dorsey, J. O., linguistic field work of XXXVI - - [Dorsey, J. O.], office work of XLVIII - - [Dorsey, J. O.], remarks on paper respecting Osage LV, LVI - traditions by - - [Dorsey, J. O.], paper by, on Osage tradition 373-397 - - Dresden Codex, numerals in 261-338 - - Drums of ancient Chiriqui 157, 160 - - - E. - - Ebert, F. A., description of Dresden Codex by 263 - - [Ebert, F. A.], controversy with Böttiger concerning 267 - Dresden Codex - - Eenoolooapik, cited 410, 425, 464 - - Egede, H., cited 412 - - El Dorado, origin of 35 - - Ellesmere Land, natives of 459, 460 - - Emigration of the Sagdlirmiut 616-620 - - Emmert, J. W., field work of XXVI, XXVII - - Erdmann, F., cited 412, 597 - - Eskimo, the Central, by F. Boas 399-669 - - - F. - - Falkenstein, K. C., preservation of Dresden Codex by 268 - - Field work XXVI-XLII - - Figurines of Chiriquian art 151-153 - - Fillmore, exhumation of sepulcher at XLI - - Financial statement LVIII - - Fishing, Eskimo methods, of 513-516 - - Fleischer, H. L., mention of Dresden Codex by 263 - - Flight to the moon 598, 599 - - Form in textile art and its relation to ornament, with 196-201 - illustrations from Indian work - - Förstemann, E., citation from Die Mayahandschrift of 261-269 - - [Förstemann, E.], cited 272, 278, 280, - 281, 283, 290, - 292, 293, 300, - 301, 302, 303, - 304, 305, 320, - 322, 329, 330, - 339, 340 - - Fowke, G., field work of XXVI - - Frobisher, M., cited 410, 469, 558 - - Frobisher Bay, use of, by Eskimo 423 - - - G. - - Gallatin, A., mention of classification of Indian XLIV - languages by - - Garlic, C. A., field work of XXIX - - Gatschet, A. S., linguistic field work of XXXIII-XXXVI - - [Gatschet, A. S.], office work of XLVIII - - Geography, Eskimo knowledge of 643-647 - - Geometric design, relations of, to textile ornament 202-244 - - Gilder, W. H., cited 411, 456, 457, - 458, 459, 466, - 498, 522 - - Glossary of Eskimo terms 663-669 - - Gordon, A. R., cited 412, 463 - - Gosiats, water burial among XLI - - Götze, J. C., preservation of Dresden Codex by 261 - - [Götze, J. C.], biographical sketch of 261, 262 - - - H. - - Haida Indians, art among XLI, XLII - - Hall, C. F., acknowledgments to 409 - - [Hall, C. F.], cited 411, 422, 432, - 442, 443, 444, - 445, 446, 447, - 448, 449, 450, - 452, 456, 457, - 459, 462, 463, - 464, 486, 499, - 503, 509, 547, - 578, 583, 589, - 594, 595, 596, - 601, 602, 606, - 607, 608, 611, - 614, 615, 639 - - Hallock, W., on Chiriquian methods of casting 38 - - Handled group of Chiriquian pottery 90-97 - - Harpoons of Eskimo, mode of constructing 489-494 - - Henshaw, H. W., linguistic field work of XXXI-XXXIII - - [Henshaw, H. W.], office work of XLV - - Herrera, cited 35 - - Hewett, J. N. B., field work of XXX, XXXI - - Hoffman, W. J., field work of XLI, XLII - - [Hoffman, W. J.], office work of XLV - - Holmes, W. H., office work of XLVIII, XLIX - - [Holmes, W. H.], abstract of paper on ancient art of the LI-LIV - province of Chiriqui by - - [Holmes, W. H.], abstract of paper on textile art in its LIV, LV - relation to the development of form and ornament by - - [Holmes, W. H.], paper by, on ancient art of the 13-187 - province of Chiriqui - - [Holmes, W. H.], paper by, on textile art in its 189-252 - relation to the development of form and ornament - - Huacals, exploration of, in Chiriqui 16, 17 - - Hudson Bay, tribes of western shore of 444-452 - - Hudson Bay district, geographic description of 414-418 - - Hudson Bay Indians, snow houses of 547 - - Humboldt, A. von, notice of Dresden Codex by 262, 263 - - Hunting, Eskimo methods of 471-513 - - - I. - - Igdlumiut Eskimo tribe, situation of 463 - - Igdlungajung, fabulous tribe in Eskimo tradition 640 - - Igimarasugdjuqdjuaq the cannibal 633, 634 - - Iglulik Eskimo tribe, snow houses of 546, 547 - - Iglulirmiut Eskimo tribe, situation of 444 - - Ijirang, fabulous people in Eskimo tradition 640 - - Indian tribes, synonymy of XLIII-XLV - - Inuarudligang, fabulous tribe in Eskimo tradition 640 - - Inugpaqdjuqdjualung 638 - - Inuit race, divisions of 420 - - Iowa, secret society among 396 - - Ititaujang; 615-618 - - Itivimiut Eskimo tribe, situation of 463 - - - J. - - Jones, Mrs. J. A., Onondaga manuscript of XXXI - - - K. - - Kadlu the thunderer 600 - - Kaiowē language, researches of A. S. Gatschet respecting XXXIV, XXXV - - Kalopaling 620, 621 - - - Kangivamiut Eskimo tribe, situation of 463 - - Kansa, secret society among 396 - - Kayak, construction of 486-489 - - Keam, T., Tusayan products collected by XLIX - - Kingnaitmiut Eskimo tribe, situation of 424 - - Kingsborough, Lord, Dresden Codex copied by order of 262 - - [Kingsborough, Lord], Mexican Antiquities of, cited 266 - - Kinipetu or Agutit Eskimo tribe, situation of 450, 451 - - Kiviung 621 - - Klamath Indians, illustrations of ornamentation by 208, 209, 227 - - Klamath language, work by A. S. Gatschet on grammar of XLVIII - - Kleinschmidt, Eskimo orthography of 413 - - Klutschak, H. W., cited 411, 448, 449, - 451, 457, 458, - 459, 466, 502, - 509, 510, 516, - 552, 553, 570, - 582, 595, 596, - 614, 615 - - Kouksoarmiut Eskimo tribe, situation of 463 - - Kumlien, L., acknowledgments to 409 - - [Kumlien, L.], cited 412, 471, 474, - 475, 482, 483, - 524, 549, 550, - 567, 589, 596, - 606, 607, 610 - - Kunz, G. F., on use of insects as models in casting 38 - metals - - [Kunz, G. F.], on Chiriquian methods of plating 39 - - - L. - - La Fort, D., Onondaga manuscript of XXXI - - Landa, cited 348 - - Landa's alphabet, insufficiency of 259, 347 - - Lepsius, cited 418 - - Lipan Indians, linguistic work of A. S. Gatschet among XXXIII - - "Lost color" of Chiriquian art, nature of 86 - - Lost color group of Chiriquian pottery 113-130 - - Lyon, G. F., cited 410, 451, 463, - 487, 497, 511, - 579, 585, 586, - 587, 588, 589, - 590, 592, 593, - 610, 612, 613, - 614, 615 - - - M. - - M'Donald, A., cited 410 - - McGuire, J. D., collections of L - - Maclean, J. P., field work of XXVII - - M'Clintock, Captain, cited 411, 455, 456, - 458 - - McCloud River Indians, illustrations of ornamentation by 221 - - McNiel, J. A., collection of relics from tombs of XLIX - Chiriqui by - - [McNiel, J. A.], archæologic work of, in Chiriqui 14, 15, 20 - - [McNiel, J. A.], cited 17, 22, 23, - 27, 31, 40, - 41, 43, 46, - 107 - - Mallery, G., office work of XLV - - Manufactures, Eskimo 516-526 - - Manuscript Troano, copy of, by Brasseur 285, 286, 343 - - [Manuscript Troano], study of, by C. Thomas, cited 339, 343, 344, - 345, 350, 365, - 366, 367, 370 - - Maroon group of Chiriquian pottery 107-109 - - Mason, O. T., acknowledgments to 409 - - Matthews, W., field work of XXXVIII-XL - - Matthews, W. P. (Bill Nix), Osage traditions dictated by 377 - - Maya and Mexican manuscripts, C. Thomas on, cited 280 - - Maya Codices, aids to the study of, by C. Thomas 253-371 - - Mealing stones of Chiriqui 25-27 - - Merritt, J. K., cited 14, 16, 49 - - [Merritt, J. K.], exploration of Bugaba cemetery by 17, 18, 20 - - Metates of Chiriqui, nature and use of 25-27 - - Mexican Antiquities, by Lord Kingsborough, cited 266, 267 - - Middleton, J. D., field work of XXVI-XXVIII - - Mindeleff, C., office work of XLVII, XLVIII - - Mindeleff, V., field work of XXIX, XXX - - [Mindeleff, V.], office work of XLVII, XLVIII - - [Mindeleff, V.], collections of XLIX - - Mintzer, W., acknowledgments to 409 - - Modoc Indians, linguistic work among XXXVI, XXXVII - - Moki, illustrations of ornamentation by 197, 205, 224, - 225, 226, 238, - 240 - - Moravian missionaries, cited 463 - - Mound explorations, field work on XXVI-XXVIII - - Mountain chant of Navajo Indians XXXIX, XL - - Museum für Völkerkunde, Berlin, acknowledgments to 409 - - [Museum für Völkerkunde, Berlin], figured specimens from 472, 473, 474, - 477, 479, 480, - 481, 483, 486, - 487, 488, 496, - 508, 513, 514, - 515, 518, 519, - 520, 523, 531, - 532, 554, 555, - 556, 557, 565, - 566, 567, 568, - 569, 570, 571, - 576, 613, 634, - 644 - - Music and poetry of the Eskimo 648-658 - - - N. - - Nadaillac, Marquis, cited 14, 38 - - [Nadaillac, Marquis], on Chiriquian methods of casting 38 - - Na-ishi Apache Indians, linguistic work among XXXV - - Narwhal, origin of the 625-627 - - National Museum, acknowledgments to 409 - - [National Museum], figured specimens from 474, 479, 480, - 481, 487, 488, - 489, 490, 492, - 493, 494, 495, - 496, 502, 503, - 504, 505, 506, - 507, 512, 513, - 515, 516, 518, - 521, 522, 523, - 524, 525, 526, - 530, 531, 532, - 535, 539, 555, - 556, 559, 560, - 563, 565, 566, - 576 - - Navajo Indians, field work of W. Matthews among XXXVIII-XL - - Navigation, Eskimo proficiency in 643 - - Needlecases (?) of Chiriqui 150 - - Nelson, E. W., collection of earthen vessels from L - eastern central Arizona by - - Netchillirmiut Eskimo tribe, situation of 452-458 - - New Granada, burial customs in 19, 20 - - Niqotlizi, ceremonies at XXXIX, XL - - Norris, P. W., field work and death of XXVI - - Northeastern America, geography of 414-418 - - North Greenlanders 460 - - Northwest Coast Indians, illustrations of ornamentation 213, 218, 227, - by 230 - - Nourse, cited 452 - - Nugumiut Eskimo tribe, situation of 424 - - - O. - - Omaha, reticence of, as to secret societies 396 - - Onondaga, work of J. N. B. Hewitt among XXX, XXX - - Oqomiut Eskimo tribe, situation and subdivisions of 424-440 - - - Origin of the Adlet and the Qadlunait 637 - - Origin of the narwhal 625-627 - - Osage Indians, traditions among LVI - - Osage traditions, paper on, by J.O. Dorsey 373-397 - - Otis, F. M., paper on Panama ornaments by, mentioned 46 - - Owen's Valley, California, pictographic material from XLII - - - P. - - Padlimiut Eskimo tribe, situation of 440-442 - - Parry, W. E., cited 410, 443, 444, - 447, 451, 458, - 464, 474, 475, - 478, 487, 492, - 494, 502, 509, - 510, 517, 523, - 533, 544, 545, - 547, 552, 556, - 557, 558, 559, - 572, 574, 603, - 614 - - Penn wampum belt 233 - - Penny, cited 425 - - Peruvians, ancient, illustrations of ornamentation by 211, 212, 214, - 228, 230, 231, - 235, 236, 237, - 242, 243, 248 - - Petermanns Mitteilungen, cited 409, _note_ - - Petitot, É., cited 412, 516 - - Piedra pintal, description of, by Seemann 21, 22 - - Pilingmiut Eskimo tribe, situation of 444 - - Pilling, J. C., Bibliography of the Languages of the XXIV-XXVI - North American Indians by - - [Pilling, J. C.], office work of XLV, XLVI - - Pima Indians, illustrations of ornamentation by 220 - - Pinart, A. L., cited 14, 15, 20, 22 - - Piute Indians, illustrations of ornamentation by 198, 205 - - Poetry and music of the Eskimo 648-658 - - Polychrome group of Chiriquian pottery 140-147 - - Polynesian ornamentation, illustrations of 249, 250 - - Ponka, secret society among 396 - - Pottery of Chiriqui 53-186 - - Powell, J.W., report of operations of Bureau of XXIII-LVIII - Ethnology by - - Pueblo Indians, researches among XXVIII, XXIX - - - Q. - - Qailertétang, fabulous people in Eskimo tradition 640 - - Qaudjaqdjuq 628-633 - - Qaumauangmiut Eskimo tribe, situation of 421, 422 - - Qinguamiut Eskimo tribe, situation of 424 - - Quapaw Indians, linguistic work among XXXVII - - - R. - - Rae, John, cited 411, 445, 446, - 448, 450, 451, - 452, 455, 459, - 478, 485, 510, - 597 - - Rattles of ancient Chiriqui 156, 157 - - Red line group of Chiriquian pottery 109-111 - - Religious ideas of the Eskimo 583-609 - - Riggs, R. B., analyses by 49 - - Rink, H., cited 411, 420, 580, - 586, 587, 590, - 591, 598, 599 - - [Rink, H.], acknowledgments to 412 - - Rogan, J. P., field work of XXVI, XXVII - - Rosny, L. de, cited 267, 347, 355, - 357 - - Ross, J., cited 410, 451, 453, - 454, 455, 456, - 458, 469, 471, - 478, 485, 508, - 552, 553, 579 - - Royce, C. C., office work of L, LI - - - S. - - Sagdlirmiut Eskimo tribe, situation of 444 - - Sagdlirmiut of Southampton Island 451 - - San Mateo Mountains, Indians near XXXIX - - Santa Barbara, Cal., pictographs at XLII - - Santa Barbara Indians, linguistic work of H. W. Henshaw XXXI-XXXIII - among - - Saumingmiut Eskimo tribe, situation of 424 - - Scarified group of Chiriquian pottery 87-90 - - Schellhas, P., cited 345, 359, 360, - 361, 362, 364 - - Schultz-Sellack, K., cited 278 - - Schwatka, F., cited 445, 457, 458, - 459, 464, 465, - 470 - - Science and the arts among the Eskimo 643-658 - - Seal hunting, Eskimo method of 471-501 - - Sedna and the fulmar 583-587 - - Sedna feast 594 - - Seemann, description of piedra pintal by 21, 22 - - Seminole Indians, illustrations of ornamentation by 207 - - Sikosuilarmiut Eskimo tribe, situation of 421, 463 - - Siletz Agency, linguistic work of J. O. Dorsey at XXXVI - - Silvestre, É., Paléographie universelle of, cited 267 - - Simpson, J., cited 411, 597 - - Simpson, T., cited 410, 458 - - Singing house of Eskimo 600-602 - - Sinimiut Eskimo tribe, situation of 451 - - Sledges and boats, description of Eskimo 527-538 - - Smith, Mrs. E. A., field work of XXX, XXXI - - [Smith, Mrs. E. A.], office work of XLV - - [Smith, Mrs. E. A.], collections of XLIX, L - - Smith Sound, Eskimo tribes of 459, 460 - - Snow houses, of Davis Strait Eskimo 541-544 - - [Snow houses], of Iglulik Eskimo tribe 544 - - [Snow houses], of Hudson Bay Indians 547 - - Social life and customs of Eskimo 574-578 - - Songish Indians, burial customs and remains of XLII - - Spicer, J. O., acknowledgments to 409 - - [Spicer, J. O.], cited 489, 511, 587, - 588, 611 - - Spindle whorls of Chiriqui 149, 150 - - Stearns, J. B., specimens in archæological collections 24, 41, 43, - of 45, 48, 49 - - Stevenson, J., field work of XXVIII, XXIX - - [Stevenson, J.], collection of objects of Pueblo art by XLIX - - Stevenson, Mrs. J., researches among the Zuñi by XXIX - - Stools of ancient Chiriqui 154-156 - - Sturgis, A., acknowledgments to 409 - - [Sturgis, A.], cited 491 - - - T. - - Talirpingmiut Eskimo tribe, situation of 424 - - Tents of Eskimo, mode of construction of 551-553 - - Terra cotta group of Chiriquian pottery 67 - - Textile art in its relation to the development of form 189-252 - and ornament, paper by W. H. Holmes on - - - Thing, L. H., field work of XXVII, XXVIII - - Thlinkit ivory and wood carvings XLII - - Thomas, C., field work of XXVI-XXVIII, - XXX - - [Thomas, C.], office work of XLVII - - [Thomas, C.], collection from mounds by L - - [Thomas, C.], abstract of paper on aids to the study of LV-LVI - the Maya codices by - - [Thomas, C.], paper on aids to the study of the Maya 253-371 - codices by - - Tonkawē Indians, linguistic work of A. S. Gatschet among XXXIII, XXXIV - - Tornait and angakut 591-598 - - Tornit, the 634-636, 640 - - Trade and intercourse between Eskimo tribes 462-470 - - Tripod group of Chiriquian pottery 97-107 - - Troano Manuscript, copy of, by Brasseur 285, 286, 343 - - Tule River Indians, illustrations of ornamentation by 219 - - Tununirmiut Eskimo tribe, situation of 442-444 - - Tununirusirmiut Eskimo tribe, situation of 442-444 - - Turner, L. M., cited 420, 462, 520, - 565, 567, 608, - _note_ - - Tusayan, model of the seven villages of XLVII - - [Tusayan], collection of fictile products of XLIX - - Tusayan ornament, illustrations of 247, 248 - - - U. - - Udleqdjun 636, 637 - - Ugjulirmiut Eskimo tribe, situation of 458 - - Uissuit 621 - - [Uissuit], fabulous people in Eskimo tradition 640 - - Ukusiksalirmiut Eskimo tribe, situation of 458 - - Ungavimiut Eskimo tribe, situation of 463 - - - V. - - Vater, J. S., cited 262 - - - W. - - Walpi, model of XLVII - - Warmow, cited 425, 583 - - Whistles of ancient Chiriqui 164-171 - - White, B. B., description of cemetery in New Granada by 19 - - White line group of Chiriquian pottery 111-113 - - Wiener, cited 242 - - Wind instruments of ancient Chiriqui 160-171 - - Winnebago, sacred songs of the Iowa in 396 - - - Y. - - Yarrow, H. C., collections of XLIX - - [Yarrow, H. C.], field work of XL-XLI - - [Yarrow, H. C.], office work of L - - Yokut Indians, illustrations of ornamentation by 233, 234 - - Yuchi Indians, linguistic work among XXV - - - Z. - - Zeltner, A. de, observations on graves in Chiriqui by 14, 18, 19, - 41, 42 - - [Zeltner, A. de], cited 20, 22, 27, - 43, 45, 140 - - [Zeltner, A. de], description of Chiriquian vases by 145-147 - - Zuñi, studies of Mrs. J. Stevenson among XXIX - - [Zuñi], culture growth of XLVI, XLVII - - [Zuñi], collection made at XLIX - - [Zuñi], illustrations of ornamentation by 239 - - - - - TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES - - - 1. Silently corrected simple spelling, grammar, and typographical - errors. - 2. Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed. - 3. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_. - 4. Enclosed bold font in =equals=. - - - - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 6TH ANN. 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(1888 N 06 / 1884-1885), by John Wesley Powell</div> -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: Sixth annual report of the Bureau of ethnology. (1888 N 06 / 1884-1885)</div> -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: John Wesley Powell</div> -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: March 8, 2016 [eBook #51390]<br /> -[Most recently updated: October 29, 2021]</div> -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</div> -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Character set encoding: UTF-8</div> -<div style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Produced by: Richard Tonsing, PM for Bureau of American Ethnology and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team</div> -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 6TH ANN. REPORT--BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY ***</div> - -<div class="tnotes covernote"> - -<p class="c000"> <strong>Transcriber's Note:</strong></p> - -<p class="c000"> The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="ph2"> - -<div class="nf-center-c1"> -<div class="nf-center c001"> - <div>LIBRARY CATALOGUE SLIPS.</div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> - - <dl class="dl_1 c002"> - <dt>Series Title.</dt> - <dd> - </dd> - <dt> </dt> - <dd><strong>Smithsonian institution.</strong> <em>Bureau of ethnology.</em> - </dd> - <dt> </dt> - <dd>Sixth annual report | of the | Bureau of ethnology | to the | secretary of the - Smithsonian institution | 1884-'85 | by | J. W. Powell | director | [Vignette] | - </dd> - <dt> </dt> - <dd>Washington | government printing office | 1888 - </dd> - <dt> </dt> - <dd><span class="small">8°. lviii, 675 pp. incl. 15 pl. & 4 pp. of music. 8 pl. 2 maps.</span> - </dd> - <dt>Author title.</dt> - <dd> - </dd> - <dt> </dt> - <dd><strong>Powell</strong> (John Wesley). - </dd> - <dt> </dt> - <dd>Sixth annual report | of the | Bureau of ethnology | to the | secretary of the - Smithsonian institution | 1884-'85 | by | J. W. Powell | director | [Vignette] | - </dd> - <dt> </dt> - <dd>Washington | government printing office | 1888 - </dd> - <dt> </dt> - <dd><span class="small">8°. lviii, 675 pp. incl. 15 pl. & 4 pp. of music. 8 pl. 2 maps.</span> - </dd> - <dt> </dt> - <dd><span class="small">[<span class="sc">Smithsonian Institution.</span> <em>Bureau of - ethnology.</em>]</span> - </dd> - <dt>Title for subject entry.</dt> - <dd> - </dd> - <dt> </dt> - <dd>Sixth annual report | of the | Bureau of ethnology | to the | secretary of the - Smithsonian institution | 1884-'85 | by | J. W. Powell | director | [Vignette] | - </dd> - <dt> </dt> - <dd>Washington | government printing office | 1888 - </dd> - <dt> </dt> - <dd><span class="small">8°. lviii, 675 pp. incl. 15 pl. & 4 pp. of music. 8 pl. 2 maps.</span> - </dd> - <dt> </dt> - <dd><span class="small">[<span class="sc">Smithsonian Institution.</span> <em>Bureau of - ethnology.</em>]</span> - </dd> - </dl> - -<div> - <span class="pageno" id="Page_I">I</span> - <h1 class="c003"><span class="xlarge">SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT</span><br /><span class="small">OF THE</span><br />BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY<br /><span class="small">TO THE</span><br /><span class="large">SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION</span><br /><span class="xlarge">1884-'85</span></h1> -</div> - -<div class="nf-center-c1"> -<div class="nf-center c002"> - <div><span class="small">BY</span></div> - <div class="c004"><span class="large">J.W. POWELL</span></div> - <div class="c004">DIRECTOR</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class="fig" style="width:100%;"> -<img src="images/titlepage.jpg" width="150" height="195" alt="[Illustration]" /> -</div> - -<div class="nf-center-c1"> - <div class="nf-center"> - <div>WASHINGTON</div> - <div>GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE</div> - <div>1888</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class="chapter"> - <span class="pageno" id="Page_III">III</span> - <h2 class="c005">CONTENTS.</h2> -</div> - -<table class="table0" summary="CONTENTS"> -<colgroup> -<col width="88%" /> -<col width="11%" /> -</colgroup> - <tbody><tr> - <th class="c006" colspan="2">REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR.</th> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <th class="c007"></th> - <th class="c008">Page.</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Letter of transmittal</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXI">XXI</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Introduction</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXIII">XXIII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Publication</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXIV">XXIV</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Field work</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXVI">XXVI</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Mound explorations</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXVI">XXVI</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Work of Prof. Cyrus Thomas</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXVI">XXVI</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Explorations in the Southwest</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXVIII">XXVIII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Work of Mr. James Stevenson</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXVIII">XXVIII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Work of Mr. Victor Mindeleff</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXIX">XXIX</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Linguistic field work</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXX">XXX</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Work of Mrs. Erminnie A. Smith</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXX">XXX</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Work of Mr. H. W. Henshaw</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXXI">XXXI</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Work of Mr. A. S. Gatschet</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXXIII">XXXIII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Work of Rev. J. Owen Dorsey</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXXVI">XXXVI</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Work of Mr. Jeremiah Curtin</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXXVII">XXXVII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> General field work</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXXVIII">XXXVIII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Work of Dr. Washington Matthews</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXXVIII">XXXVIII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Work of Dr. H. C. Yarrow</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XL">XL</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Work of Dr. W. J. Hoffman</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLI">XLI</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Office work</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLIII">XLIII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Work of Mr. H. W. Henshaw</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLV">XLV</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Work of Mrs. Erminnie A. Smith</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLV">XLV</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Work of Col. Garrick Mallery</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLV">XLV</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Work of Dr. W. J. Hoffman</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLV">XLV</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Work of Mr. James C. Pilling</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLV">XLV</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Work of Mr. Frank H. Cushing</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLVI">XLVI</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Work of Prof. Cyrus Thomas</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLVII">XLVII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Work of Mr. Victor Mindeleff</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLVII">XLVII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Work of Rev. J. Owen Dorsey</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLVIII">XLVIII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Work of Mr. Albert S. Gatschet</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLVIII">XLVIII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Work of Mr. W. H. Holmes</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLVIII">XLVIII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Work of Dr. H. C. Yarrow</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_L">L</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Work of Mr. Charles C. Royce</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_L">L</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Accompanying papers</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_LI">LI</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Ancient art of the province of Chiriqui, Colombia, by William H. Holmes</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_LI">LI</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> A study of the textile art in its relation to the development of form and ornament, by William H. Holmes</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_LIV">LIV</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Aids to the study of the Maya Codices, by Cyrus Thomas</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_LV">LV</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Osage traditions, by Rev. J. Owen Dorsey</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_LVI">LVI</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The Central Eskimo, by Dr. Franz Boas</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_LVI">LVI</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Financial statement</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_LVIII">LVIII</a></td> - </tr> -</tbody></table> - -<div> - <span class="pageno" id="Page_IV">IV</span> - <h3 class="c009">ACCOMPANYING PAPERS.</h3> -</div> - -<table class="table1" summary="ACCOMPANYING PAPERS."> -<colgroup> -<col width="88%" /> -<col width="11%" /> -</colgroup> - <tbody><tr> - <th class="c006" colspan="2">ANCIENT ART OF THE PROVINCE OF CHIRIQUI, BY WILLIAM H. HOLMES.</th> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <th class="c007"></th> - <th class="c008">Page.</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Introduction</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_13">13</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Geography</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_13">13</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Literature</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_14">14</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> People</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_15">15</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The cemeteries</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_16">16</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The graves</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_17">17</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Human remains</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_20">20</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Placing of relics</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_21">21</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Objects of art</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_21">21</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Stone</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_21">21</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Pictured rocks</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_21">21</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Columns</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_22">22</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Images</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_23">23</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Mealing stones</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_25">25</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Stools</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_27">27</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Celts etc.</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_29">29</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Spearheads</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_34">34</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Arrowpoints</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_34">34</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Ornaments</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_34">34</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Metal</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_35">35</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Gold and copper</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_35">35</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Bronze</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_49">49</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Clay: Pottery</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_53">53</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Preliminary</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_53">53</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> How found</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_55">55</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Material</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_55">55</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Manufacture</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_56">56</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Color</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_57">57</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Use</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_57">57</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Forms of vessels</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_58">58</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Decoration</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_62">62</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Unpainted ware</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_66">66</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Terra cotta group</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_67">67</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Black incised group</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_80">80</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Painted ware</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_84">84</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Scarified group</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_87">87</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Handled group</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_90">90</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Tripod group</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_97">97</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Maroon group</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_107">107</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Red line group</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_109">109</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> White line group</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_111">111</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Lost color group</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_113">113</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Alligator group</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_130">130</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Polychrome group</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_140">140</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Unclassified</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_147">147</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Miscellaneous objects</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_149">149</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Spindle whorls</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_149">149</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Needlecases</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_150">150</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Figurines</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_151">151</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Stools</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_154">154</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"><span class="pageno" id="Page_V">V</span> Musical instruments</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_156">156</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Rattles</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_156">156</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Drums</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_157">157</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Wind instruments</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_160">160</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Life forms in vase painting</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_171">171</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"><span xml:lang="fr" lang="fr">Résumé</span></td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_186">186</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <th class="c006" colspan="2">A STUDY OF THE TEXTILE ART IN ITS RELATION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF FORM AND ORNAMENT, BY WILLIAM H. HOLMES.</th> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Introduction</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_195">195</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Form in textile art</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_196">196</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Relations of form to ornament</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_201">201</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Color in textile art</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_201">201</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Textile ornament</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_202">202</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Development of a geometric system within the art</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_202">202</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Introduction</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_202">202</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Relief phenomena</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_203">203</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Ordinary features</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_203">203</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Reticulated work</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_210">210</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Superconstructive features</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_211">211</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Color phenomena</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_215">215</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Ordinary features</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_215">215</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Non-essential constructive features</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_226">226</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Superconstructive features</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_228">228</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Adventitious features</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_231">231</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Geometricity imposed upon adopted elements of design</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_232">232</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Extension of textile ornament to other forms of art</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_244">244</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <th class="c006" colspan="2">AIDS TO THE STUDY OF THE MAYA CODICES, BY CYRUS THOMAS.</th> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Introduction</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_259">259</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"><span class="sc">Chap.</span> I. The numerals in the Dresden Codex</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_261">261</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> II. Conclusions</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_339">339</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> III. The writing</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_345">345</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Signification of the characters</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_347">347</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Symbols of animals etc</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_348">348</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Symbols of deities</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_358">358</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Discussion as to phonetic features of the characters</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_365">365</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <th class="c006" colspan="2">OSAGE TRADITIONS, BY REV. J. OWEN DORSEY.</th> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Introduction</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_377">377</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Traditions of the elders</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_381">381</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Unŭ<sup>n</sup> u¢áʞe. Tsíɔu wactáʞe itáde (Tradition of the Tsíɔu wactáʞe gens)</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_381">381</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Translation</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_388">388</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Unŭ<sup>n</sup> u¢áʞe. Qü¢ápasa<sup>n</sup> itáde (Tradition of the Bald Eagle subgens)</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_390">390</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Translation</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_394">394</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Concluding remarks</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_396">396</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <th class="c006" colspan="2">THE CENTRAL ESKIMO, BY DR. FRANZ BOAS.</th> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Introduction</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_409">409</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Authorities quoted</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_410">410</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Orthography</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_413">413</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Geography of northeastern America</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_413">413</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"><span class="pageno" id="Page_VI">VI</span>Distribution of the tribes</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_419">419</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> General observations</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_419">419</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Baffin Land</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_421">421</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The Sikosuilarmiut</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_421">421</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The Akuliarmiut</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_421">421</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The Qaumauangmiut</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_421">421</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The Nugumiut</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_422">422</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The Oqomiut</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_424">424</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The Padlimiut and the Akudnirmiut</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_440">440</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The Aggomiut</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_442">442</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The Iglulirmiut</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_444">444</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The Pilingmiut</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_444">444</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The Sagdlirmiut</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_444">444</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Western shore of Hudson Bay</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_444">444</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The Aivillirmiut</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_445">445</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The Kinipetu or Agutit</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_450">450</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The Sagdlirmiut of Southampton Island</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_451">451</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The Sinimiut</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_451">451</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Boothia Felix and Back River</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_452">452</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The Netchillirmiut</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_452">452</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The Ugjulirmiut</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_458">458</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The Ukusiksalirmiut</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_458">458</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Smith Sound</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_459">459</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The natives of Ellesmere Land</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_459">459</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The North Greenlanders</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_460">460</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Influence of geographical conditions upon the distribution of the settlements</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_460">460</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Trade and intercourse between the tribes</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_462">462</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">List of the Central Eskimo tribes</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_470">470</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Hunting and fishing</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_471">471</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Seal, walrus, and whale hunting</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_471">471</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Deer, musk ox, and bear hunting</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_501">501</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Hunting of small game</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_510">510</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Fishing</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_513">513</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Manufactures</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_516">516</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Making leather and preparing skins</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_516">516</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Sundry implements</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_523">523</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Transportation by boats and sledges</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_527">527</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The boat</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_527">527</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The sledge and dogs</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_529">529</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Habitations and dress</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_539">539</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The house</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_539">539</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Clothing, dressing of the hair, and tattooing</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_554">554</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Social and religious life</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_561">561</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Domestic occupations and amusements</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_561">561</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Visiting</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_574">574</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Social customs in summer</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_576">576</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Social order and laws</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_578">578</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Religious ideas and the angakunirn (priesthood)</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_583">583</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Sedna and the fulmar</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_583">583</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The tornait and the angakut</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_591">591</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The flight to the moon</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_598">598</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Kadlu the thunderer</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_600">600</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Feasts, religious and secular</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_600">600</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Customs and regulations concerning birth, sickness, and death</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_609">609</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"><span class="pageno" id="Page_VII">VII</span>Tales and traditions</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_615">615</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Ititaujang</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_615">615</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The emigration of the Sagdlirmiut</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_618">618</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Kalopaling</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_20">20</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The Uissuit</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_621">621</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Kiviung</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_621">621</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The origin of the narwhal</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_625">625</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The visitor</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_627">627</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The fugitive women</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_628">628</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Qaudjaqdjuq</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_628">628</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> I. Story of the three brothers</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_628">628</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> II. Qaudjaqdjuq</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_630">630</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Igimarasugdjuqdjuaq the cannibal</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_633">633</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The Tornit</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_634">634</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The woman and the spirit of the singing house</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_636">636</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The constellation Udleqdjun</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_636">636</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The origin of the Adlet and of the Qadluait</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_637">637</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The great flood</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_637">637</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Inugpaqdjuqdjualung</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_638">638</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The bear story</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_638">638</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Sundry tales</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_639">639</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Tables relating to animals</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_641">641</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The owl and the raven</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_641">641</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Comparison between Baffin Land traditions and those of other tribes</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_641">641</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Science and the arts</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_643">643</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Geography and navigation</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_643">643</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Poetry and music</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_648">648</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Merry-making among the Tornit</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_649">649</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> The lemming's song</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_650">650</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> Arlum pissinga (the killer's song)</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_650">650</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> I. Summer song</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_653">653</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> II. The returning hunter</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_653">653</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> III. Song of the Tornit</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_653">653</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> IV. Song of the Inuit traveling to Nettilling</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_653">653</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> V. Oxaitoq's song</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_654">654</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> VI. Utitiaq's song</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_654">654</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> VII. Song</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_654">654</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> VIII. Song</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_654">654</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> IX. Song of the Tornit</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_654">654</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> X. The fox and the woman</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_655">655</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> XI. The raven's song</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_655">655</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> XII. Song of a Padlimio</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_655">655</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> XIII. Ititaujang's song</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_655">655</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> XIV. Playing at ball</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_656">656</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> XV. Playing at ball</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_657">657</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"> XVI.-XIX. Extracts</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_657">657</a>, <a href="#Page_658">658</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Glossary</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_659">659</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Appendix</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_667">667</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <th class="c006" colspan="2">INDEX.</th> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Index</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_671">671</a></td> - </tr> -</tbody></table> - -<div class="chapter"> - <span class="pageno" id="Page_IX">IX</span> - <h2 class="c005">ILLUSTRATIONS.</h2> -</div> - -<table class="table2" summary="ILLUSTRATIONS"> -<colgroup> -<col width="15%" /> -<col width="72%" /> -<col width="11%" /> -</colgroup> - <tbody><tr> - <th class="c010"></th> - <th class="c007"> </th> - <th class="c008">Page.</th> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010"><span class="sc">Plate</span> I.</td> - <td class="c007">Map of Chiriqui</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_13">13</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">II.</td> - <td class="c007">Map showing in detail the geographical divisions of territory occupied by the Eskimo tribes of northeast America</td> - <td class="c008"><a id="r1"></a><a href="#f1" class="c011"><sup>[1]</sup></a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010"> </td> - <td class="c007">1. Oqo and Akudnirn.</td> - <td class="c008"> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010"> </td> - <td class="c007">2. Frobisher Bay.</td> - <td class="c008"> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010"> </td> - <td class="c007">3. Eclipse Sound and Admiralty Inlet.</td> - <td class="c008"> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010"> </td> - <td class="c007">4. Repulse Sound and Lyon Inlet.</td> - <td class="c008"> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010"> </td> - <td class="c007">5. Boothia Isthmus and King William Land.</td> - <td class="c008"> </td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">III.</td> - <td class="c007">Map of the territory occupied by the Eskimo tribes of North America, showing the boundaries</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#f1" class="c011"><sup>[1]</sup></a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">IV.</td> - <td class="c007">Cumberland Peninsula, drawn by Aranin, a Saumingmio</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_643">643</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">V.</td> - <td class="c007">Eskimo drawings</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_648">648</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">VI.</td> - <td class="c007">Eskimo drawings</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_650">650</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">VII.</td> - <td class="c007">Eskimo drawings</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_651">651</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">VIII.</td> - <td class="c007">Eskimo carvings</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_652">652</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">IX.</td> - <td class="c007">Eskimo carvings</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_653">653</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">X.</td> - <td class="c007">Modern Eskimo implements</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_654">654</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010"><span class="sc">Fig.</span> 1.</td> - <td class="c007">Section of oval grave</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_17">17</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">2.</td> - <td class="c007">Section of a quadrangular grave</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_18">18</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">3.</td> - <td class="c007">Grave with pillars</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_18">18</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">4.</td> - <td class="c007">Compound cist</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_19">19</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">5.</td> - <td class="c007">Southwest face of the pictured stone</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_22">22</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">6.</td> - <td class="c007">A goddess of the ancient Chiriquians</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_23">23</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">7.</td> - <td class="c007">A god of the ancient Chiriquians</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_24">24</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">8.</td> - <td class="c007">Fragmentary human figure in gray basaltic rock</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_25">25</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">9.</td> - <td class="c007">Mealing stone with large tablet ornamented with animal heads</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_26">26</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">10.</td> - <td class="c007">Puma shaped metate</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_27">27</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">11.</td> - <td class="c007">Stool shaped object</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_28">28</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">12.</td> - <td class="c007">Stool with columnar base</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_28">28</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">13.</td> - <td class="c007">Stool with perforated base</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_29">29</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">14.</td> - <td class="c007">Large partially polished celt</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_30">30</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">15.</td> - <td class="c007">Celt of hexagonal section</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_31">31</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">16.</td> - <td class="c007">Small wide bladed celt</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_31">31</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">17.</td> - <td class="c007">Celt with heavy shaft</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_31">31</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">18.</td> - <td class="c007">Celt or ax with constriction near the top</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_31">31</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">19.</td> - <td class="c007">Flaked and partially polished celt</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_32">32</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">20.</td> - <td class="c007">Well polished celt</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_32">32</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">21.</td> - <td class="c007">Narrow pointed celt</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_32">32</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">22.</td> - <td class="c007">Narrow pointed celt</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_32">32</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">23.</td> - <td class="c007">Cylindrical celt with narrow point</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_33">33</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">24.</td> - <td class="c007">Leaf shaped objects suggesting spearpoints</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_34">34</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010"><span class="pageno" id="Page_X">X</span>25.</td> - <td class="c007">Arrowpoints</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_34">34</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">26.</td> - <td class="c007">Human figure formed of copper-gold alloy</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_41">41</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">27.</td> - <td class="c007">Grotesque human figure in gold</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_42">42</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">28.</td> - <td class="c007">Rudely shaped human figure in gold</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_42">42</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">29.</td> - <td class="c007">Grotesque human figure in nearly pure copper</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_43">43</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">30.</td> - <td class="c007">Grotesque human figure in nearly pure gold</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_43">43</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">31.</td> - <td class="c007">Rudely executed image of a bird in gold</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_44">44</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">32.</td> - <td class="c007">Image of a bird in gold</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_45">45</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">33.</td> - <td class="c007">Puma shaped figure in gold</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_45">45</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">34.</td> - <td class="c007">Puma shaped figure in base metal</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_45">45</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">35.</td> - <td class="c007">Quadruped with grotesque face in base metal</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_46">46</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">36.</td> - <td class="c007">Figure of a fish in gold</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_46">46</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">37.</td> - <td class="c007">Large figure of a frog in base metal plated with gold</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_47">47</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">38.</td> - <td class="c007">Small figure of a frog in base metal plated with gold</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_47">47</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">39.</td> - <td class="c007">Figure of an alligator in gold</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_48">48</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">40.</td> - <td class="c007">Animal figure in base metal plated with gold</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_48">48</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">41.</td> - <td class="c007">Bronze bells plated or washed with gold</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_50">50</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">42.</td> - <td class="c007">Bronze bell with human features</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_50">50</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">43.</td> - <td class="c007">Triple bell or rattle found on the Rio Grande</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_51">51</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">44.</td> - <td class="c007">Ancient Mexican bell</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_51">51</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">45.</td> - <td class="c007">Fundamental forms of vases—convex outlines</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_58">58</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">46.</td> - <td class="c007">Fundamental forms of vases—angular outlines</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_59">59</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">47.</td> - <td class="c007">Vases of complex outlines—exceptional forms</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_59">59</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">48.</td> - <td class="c007">Vases of compound forms</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_59">59</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">49.</td> - <td class="c007">Square lipped vessel</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_59">59</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">50.</td> - <td class="c007">Variations in the forms of necks and rims</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_60">60</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">51.</td> - <td class="c007">Arrangement of handles</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_60">60</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">52.</td> - <td class="c007">Types of annular bases or feet</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_61">61</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">53.</td> - <td class="c007">Forms of legs</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_61">61</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">54.</td> - <td class="c007">Grotesque figure forming the handle of a small vase</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_63">63</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">55.</td> - <td class="c007">Grotesque figure forming the handle of a small vase</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_63">63</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">56.</td> - <td class="c007">Grotesque figure forming the handle of a small vase</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_63">63</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">57.</td> - <td class="c007">Monstrous figure with serpent shaped extremities</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_63">63</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">58.</td> - <td class="c007">Monstrous figure with serpent shaped extremities</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_63">63</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">59.</td> - <td class="c007">Grotesque figure</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_64">64</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">60.</td> - <td class="c007">Grotesque figure</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_64">64</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">61.</td> - <td class="c007">Grotesque figure</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_64">64</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">62.</td> - <td class="c007">Figure of a monkey</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_64">64</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">63.</td> - <td class="c007">Figure of a monkey</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_64">64</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">64.</td> - <td class="c007">Figure of a monkey</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_64">64</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">65.</td> - <td class="c007">Animal forms exhibiting long proboscis</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_65">65</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">66.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase illustrating ornamental use of animal figures</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_65">65</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">67.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase illustrating ornamental use of animal figures</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_65">65</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">68.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase illustrating ornamental use of animal figures</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_66">66</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">69.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase illustrating ornamental use of animal figures</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_66">66</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">70.</td> - <td class="c007">Series of bowls and cups of unpainted ware</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_67">67</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">71.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase of graceful form</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_68">68</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">72.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase of graceful form</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_68">68</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">73.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase of fine form ornamented with grotesque heads</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_68">68</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">74.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase of fine form ornamented with grotesque heads</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_69">69</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">75.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase with ornament of applied nodes and fillets</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_69">69</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">76.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase with mantle covered with incised figures</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_70">70</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">77.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase with frieze of grotesque heads</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_70">70</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">78.</td> - <td class="c007">Vases with flaring rims and varied ornament</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_71">71</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010"><span class="pageno" id="Page_XI">XI</span>79.</td> - <td class="c007">Vases with complex outlines and varied ornament</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_71">71</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">80.</td> - <td class="c007">Large vase with two mouths and neatly decorated necks</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_72">72</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">81.</td> - <td class="c007">Large vase with high handles</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_72">72</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">82.</td> - <td class="c007">Top view of high handled vase</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_73">73</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">83.</td> - <td class="c007">Handled vase</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_73">73</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">84.</td> - <td class="c007">Handled vase</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_73">73</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">85.</td> - <td class="c007">Handled vase</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_73">73</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">86.</td> - <td class="c007">Small cup with single handle, ornamented with grotesque figure</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_74">74</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">87.</td> - <td class="c007">Small cup with single handle, ornamented with grotesque figure</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_74">74</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">88.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase of eccentric form</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_74">74</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">89.</td> - <td class="c007">Vessel illustrating forms of legs</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_75">75</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">90.</td> - <td class="c007">Vessel illustrating forms of legs</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_75">75</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">91.</td> - <td class="c007">Vessel with large legs decorated with stellar punctures</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_75">75</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">92.</td> - <td class="c007">Vases of varied form with plain and animal shaped legs</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_75">75</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">93.</td> - <td class="c007">Large vase of striking shape</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_76">76</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">94.</td> - <td class="c007">Cup with legs imitating animal forms</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_76">76</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">95.</td> - <td class="c007">Cup with legs imitating a grotesque animal form</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_77">77</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">96.</td> - <td class="c007">Cup with legs imitating the armadillo</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_77">77</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">97.</td> - <td class="c007">Cup with legs imitating the armadillo</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_77">77</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">98.</td> - <td class="c007">Cup with frog shaped legs</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_77">77</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">99.</td> - <td class="c007">Cup with legs imitating an animal and its young</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_77">77</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">100.</td> - <td class="c007">Cups supported by grotesque heads</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_77">77</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">101.</td> - <td class="c007">Large cup supported by two grotesque figures</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_78">78</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">102.</td> - <td class="c007">Cup with two animal heads attached to the sides</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_78">78</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">103.</td> - <td class="c007">Cup with two animal heads attached to the sides</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_78">78</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">104.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase imitating an animal form</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_79">79</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">105.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase imitating an animal form</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_79">79</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">106.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase imitating an animal form</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_79">79</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">107.</td> - <td class="c007">Fish shaped vessel</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_79">79</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">108.</td> - <td class="c007">Top view of a fish shaped vessel</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_80">80</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">109.</td> - <td class="c007">Cup with grotesque head attached to the rim</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_80">80</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">110.</td> - <td class="c007">Black cup with incised reptilian figures</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_81">81</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">111.</td> - <td class="c007">Black cup with incised reptilian figures</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_81">81</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">112.</td> - <td class="c007">Black vase with conventional incised pattern</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_81">81</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">113.</td> - <td class="c007">Small cup with conventional incised pattern</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_82">82</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">114.</td> - <td class="c007">Small tripod cup with upright walls</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_82">82</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">115.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase with flaring rim and legs imitating animal heads</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_82">82</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">116.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase modeled to represent the head of an animal</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_83">83</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">117.</td> - <td class="c007">Pattern upon the back of the vase</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_83">83</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">118.</td> - <td class="c007">Tripod bowl of red scarified ware</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_87">87</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">119.</td> - <td class="c007">Tripod bowl of red scarified ware</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_87">87</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">120.</td> - <td class="c007">Oblong basin with scarified design</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_88">88</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">121.</td> - <td class="c007">Large scarified bowl with handles imitating animal heads</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_88">88</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">122.</td> - <td class="c007">Jar with flat bottom and vertical bands of incised ornament</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_89">89</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">123.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase with stand and vertical incised bands</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_89">89</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">124.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase with handles, legs, and vertical ribs</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_89">89</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">125.</td> - <td class="c007">Tripod with owl-like heads at insertion of legs</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_90">90</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">126.</td> - <td class="c007">Tripod with legs rudely suggesting animal forms</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_90">90</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">127.</td> - <td class="c007">Heavy red vase with four mouths</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_90">90</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">128.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase with horizontally placed handles and rude designs in red</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_91">91</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">129.</td> - <td class="c007">Unpolished vase with heavy handles and coated with soot</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_92">92</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">130.</td> - <td class="c007">Round bodied vase with unique handles and incised ornament</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_92">92</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">131.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase with grotesque figures attached to the handles</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_93">93</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">132.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase with upright handles and winged lip</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_93">93</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010"><span class="pageno" id="Page_XII">XII</span>133.</td> - <td class="c007">Top view of vase with winged lip</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_94">94</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">134.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase with grotesque animal shaped handles</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_94">94</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">135.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase with handles representing strange animals</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_95">95</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">136.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase with handles representing grotesque figures</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_95">95</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">137.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase with handles representing animal heads</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_96">96</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">138.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase with arched handles embellished with life forms in high relief</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_96">96</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">139.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase with arched handles embellished with life forms in high relief</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_97">97</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">140.</td> - <td class="c007">Tripod vase with shallow basin and eccentric handles</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_99">99</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">141.</td> - <td class="c007">Tripod vase with shallow basin and eccentric handles</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_99">99</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">142.</td> - <td class="c007">Tripod vase with shallow basin and eccentric handles</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_99">99</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">143.</td> - <td class="c007">Tripod vase of graceful shape and neat finish</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_100">100</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">144.</td> - <td class="c007">Heavy tripod vase with widely spreading feet</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_100">100</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">145.</td> - <td class="c007">Neatly modeled vase embellished with life forms and devices in red</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_101">101</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">146.</td> - <td class="c007">High tripod vase with incised designs and rude figures in red</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_101">101</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">147.</td> - <td class="c007">Handsome tripod vase with scroll ornament</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_102">102</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">148.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase with lizard shaped legs</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_102">102</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">149.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase with scroll ornament</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_103">103</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">150.</td> - <td class="c007">Large vase with flaring rim and wide spreading legs</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_103">103</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">151.</td> - <td class="c007">Fragment of a tripod vase embellished with figure of an alligator</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_104">104</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">152.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase supported by grotesque human figures</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_105">105</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">153.</td> - <td class="c007">Round bodied vase embellished with figures of monsters</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_106">106</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">154.</td> - <td class="c007">Cup with incurved rim and life form ornamentation</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_107">107</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">155.</td> - <td class="c007">Cup with widely expanded rim and constricted neck</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_107">107</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">156.</td> - <td class="c007">Small tripod cup with animal features in high relief</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_108">108</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">157.</td> - <td class="c007">Handsome vase supported by three grotesque figures</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_108">108</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">158.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase decorated with figures of frogs and devices in red</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_110">110</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">159.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase of unique shape and life form ornamentation</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_110">110</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">160.</td> - <td class="c007">Two-handled vase with life form and linear decoration</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_110">110</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">161.</td> - <td class="c007">Small tripod vase with animal figures in white</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_111">111</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">162.</td> - <td class="c007">Shapely vase with designs in white paint</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_112">112</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">163.</td> - <td class="c007">Small red bottle with horizontal bands of ornament</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_115">115</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">164.</td> - <td class="c007">Small red bottle with encircling geometric devices</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_115">115</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">165.</td> - <td class="c007">Bottle with zone occupied by geometric devices</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_116">116</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">166.</td> - <td class="c007">Bottle with broad zone containing geometric figures</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_116">116</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">167.</td> - <td class="c007">Bottle with decoration of meandered lines</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_117">117</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">168.</td> - <td class="c007">Bottle with arched panels and geometric devices</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_117">117</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">169.</td> - <td class="c007">Bottle with arched panels and elaborate devices</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_118">118</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">170.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase with rosette-like panels</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_118">118</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">170<em>a</em>.</td> - <td class="c007">Ornament from preceding vase</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_118">118</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">171.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase with rosette-like panels</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_119">119</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">172.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase with rosette-like panels</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_119">119</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">173.</td> - <td class="c007">Theoretical origin of the arched panels</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_120">120</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">174.</td> - <td class="c007">Theoretical origin of the arched panels</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_120">120</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">175.</td> - <td class="c007">Theoretical origin of the arched panels</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_120">120</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">176.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase decorated with conventional figures of alligators</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_120">120</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">177.</td> - <td class="c007">Portion of decorated zone illustrating treatment of life forms</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_121">121</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">178.</td> - <td class="c007">Portion of decorated zone illustrating treatment of life forms</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_121">121</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">179.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase decorated with highly conventional life forms</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_121">121</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">179<em>a</em>.</td> - <td class="c007">Design from preceding vase</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_122">122</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">180.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase decorated with highly conventional life forms</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_122">122</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">181.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase decorated with highly conventional life forms</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_123">123</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">182.</td> - <td class="c007">Decorated panel with devices resembling vegetal growths</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_124">124</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">183.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase of unusual shape</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_124">124</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">184.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase of unusual shape</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_124">124</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010"><span class="pageno" id="Page_XIII">XIII</span>185.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase of unusual shape</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_124">124</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">186.</td> - <td class="c007">Double vessel with high arched handle</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_125">125</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">187.</td> - <td class="c007">Double vessel with arched handle</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_125">125</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">188.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase embellished with life forms in color and in relief</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_126">126</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">189.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase modeled to represent a peccary</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_127">127</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">190.</td> - <td class="c007">Under surface of peccary vase</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_127">127</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">191.</td> - <td class="c007">Small vessel with human figures in high relief</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_127">127</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">192.</td> - <td class="c007">Tripod cup with figures of the alligator</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_128">128</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">193.</td> - <td class="c007">Large shallow tripod vase with geometric decoration</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_129">129</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">194.</td> - <td class="c007">Large bottle shaped vase with high tripod and alligator design</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_130">130</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">195.</td> - <td class="c007">Large bottle with narrow zone containing figures of the alligator</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_132">132</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">196.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase with decorated zone containing four arched panels</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_133">133</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">197.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase with four round nodes upon which are painted animal devices</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_133">133</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">198.</td> - <td class="c007">Vases of varied form and decoration</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_134">134</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">199.</td> - <td class="c007">Alligator vase with conventional markings</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_135">135</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">200.</td> - <td class="c007">Alligator vase with figures of the alligator painted on the sides</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_135">135</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">201.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase with serpent ornamentation</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_136">136</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">202.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase representing a puma with alligator figures painted on sides</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_137">137</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">203.</td> - <td class="c007">Shallow vase with reptilian features in relief and in color</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_137">137</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">204.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase with funnel shaped mouth</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_138">138</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">205.</td> - <td class="c007">Top view of vase in Fig. 204</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_139">139</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">206.</td> - <td class="c007">End view of vase in Fig. 204</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_139">139</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">207.</td> - <td class="c007">Large vase with decorations in red and black</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_140">140</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">208.</td> - <td class="c007">Devices of the decorated zone of vase in Fig. 207, viewed from above</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_141">141</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">209.</td> - <td class="c007">Handsome vase with four handles and decorations in black, red, and purple</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_142">142</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">210.</td> - <td class="c007">Painted design of vase in Fig. 209, viewed from above</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_143">143</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">211.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase of unusual shape, with decoration in black, red, and purple</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_144">144</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">212.</td> - <td class="c007">Ornament occupying the interior surface of the basin of vase in Fig. 211</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_144">144</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">213.</td> - <td class="c007">Large vase of fine shape and simple decorations</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_145">145</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">214.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase with extraordinary decorative designs</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_146">146</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">215.</td> - <td class="c007">Painted design of vase in Fig. 214, viewed from above</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_147">147</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">216.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase of unique form and decoration</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_148">148</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">217.</td> - <td class="c007">Painted design of vase in Fig. 216</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_148">148</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">218.</td> - <td class="c007">Spindle whorl with annular nodes</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_149">149</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">219.</td> - <td class="c007">Spindle whorl decorated with animal figures</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_149">149</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">220.</td> - <td class="c007">Spindle whorl with perforations and incised ornament</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_149">149</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">221.</td> - <td class="c007">Needlecase</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_150">150</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">222.</td> - <td class="c007">Needlecase</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_150">150</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">223.</td> - <td class="c007">Needlecase with painted geometric ornament</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_151">151</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">224.</td> - <td class="c007">Needlecase with incised geometric ornament</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_151">151</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">225.</td> - <td class="c007">Needlecase with incised geometric ornament</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_151">151</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">226.</td> - <td class="c007">Statuette</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_152">152</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">227.</td> - <td class="c007">Statuette</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_152">152</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">228.</td> - <td class="c007">Statuette</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_152">152</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">229.</td> - <td class="c007">Statuette</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_152">152</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">230.</td> - <td class="c007">Stool of plain terra cotta</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_154">154</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">231.</td> - <td class="c007">Stool of plain clay, with grotesque figures</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_155">155</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">232.</td> - <td class="c007">Stool of plain terra cotta</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_155">155</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">233.</td> - <td class="c007">Rattle</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_157">157</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">234.</td> - <td class="c007">Section of rattle</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_157">157</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">235.</td> - <td class="c007">Rattle with grotesque figures</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_157">157</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">236.</td> - <td class="c007">Drum of gray unpainted clay</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_158">158</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010"><span class="pageno" id="Page_XIV">XIV</span>237.</td> - <td class="c007">Drum with painted ornament</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_159">159</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">238.</td> - <td class="c007">Painted design of drum in Fig. 237</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_159">159</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">239.</td> - <td class="c007">Double whistle</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_161">161</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">240.</td> - <td class="c007">Section of double whistle</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_161">161</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">241.</td> - <td class="c007">Tubular instrument with two finger holes</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_162">162</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">242.</td> - <td class="c007">Section of whistle</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_162">162</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">243.</td> - <td class="c007">Small animal shaped whistle</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_162">162</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">244.</td> - <td class="c007">Small animal shaped whistle</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_162">162</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">245.</td> - <td class="c007">Top shaped whistle</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_163">163</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">246.</td> - <td class="c007">Section, top, and bottom views of whistle</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_164">164</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">247.</td> - <td class="c007">Drum shaped whistle</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_165">165</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">248.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase shaped whistle</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_165">165</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">249.</td> - <td class="c007">Crab shaped whistle</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_166">166</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">250.</td> - <td class="c007">Alligator shaped whistle</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_166">166</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">251.</td> - <td class="c007">Cat shaped whistle</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_167">167</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">252.</td> - <td class="c007">Whistle with four ocelot-like heads</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_168">168</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">253.</td> - <td class="c007">Bird shaped whistle</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_169">169</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">254.</td> - <td class="c007">Bird shaped whistle</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_169">169</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">255.</td> - <td class="c007">Bird shaped whistle</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_170">170</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">256.</td> - <td class="c007">Whistle in grotesque life form</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_170">170</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">257.</td> - <td class="c007">Conventional figure of the alligator</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_173">173</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">258.</td> - <td class="c007">Conventional figure of the alligator</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_173">173</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">259.</td> - <td class="c007">Conventional figure of the alligator</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_174">174</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">260.</td> - <td class="c007">Conventional figure of the alligator</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_174">174</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">261.</td> - <td class="c007">Conventional figure of the alligator</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_174">174</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">262.</td> - <td class="c007">Two-headed form of the alligator</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_175">175</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">263.</td> - <td class="c007">Figure of the alligator much simplified</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_175">175</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">264.</td> - <td class="c007">The alligator much modified by ceramic influences</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_176">176</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">265.</td> - <td class="c007">Conventional figure derived from the alligator</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_176">176</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">266.</td> - <td class="c007">Conventional figure derived from the alligator</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_176">176</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">267.</td> - <td class="c007">Conventional figure derived from the alligator</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_176">176</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">268.</td> - <td class="c007">Conventional figure derived from the alligator</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_177">177</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">269.</td> - <td class="c007">Conventional figure derived from the alligator</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_177">177</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">270.</td> - <td class="c007">Conventional figure derived from the alligator</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_177">177</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">271.</td> - <td class="c007">Conventional figure derived from the alligator</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_178">178</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">272.</td> - <td class="c007">Conventional figure derived from the alligator</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_178">178</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">273.</td> - <td class="c007">Conventional figure derived from the alligator</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_178">178</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">274.</td> - <td class="c007">Conventional figures derived from the alligator</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_179">179</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">275.</td> - <td class="c007">Conventional figure derived from the alligator</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_179">179</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">276.</td> - <td class="c007">Conventional figure derived from the alligator</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_180">180</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">277.</td> - <td class="c007">Conventional figures derived from the alligator</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_180">180</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">278.</td> - <td class="c007">Conventional figures derived from the alligator</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_181">181</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">279.</td> - <td class="c007">Conventional figures derived from the alligator</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_182">182</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">280.</td> - <td class="c007">Conventional figures derived from the alligator</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_182">182</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">281.</td> - <td class="c007">Conventional figures derived from the alligator</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_182">182</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">282.</td> - <td class="c007">Conventional figures derived from the alligator</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_182">182</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">283.</td> - <td class="c007">Conventional figures derived from the alligator</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_183">183</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">284.</td> - <td class="c007">Vase with decorated zone containing remarkable devices</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_185">185</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">285.</td> - <td class="c007">Series of devices</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_185">185</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">286.</td> - <td class="c007">Mat or tray with esthetic attributes of form</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_197">197</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">287.</td> - <td class="c007">Tray having decided esthetic attributes of form</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_198">198</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">288.</td> - <td class="c007">Pyriform water vessel</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_198">198</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">289.</td> - <td class="c007">Basket with esthetic characters of form</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_199">199</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">290.</td> - <td class="c007">Basket of eccentric form</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_200">200</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010"><span class="pageno" id="Page_XV">XV</span>291.</td> - <td class="c007">Character of surface in the simplest form of weaving</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_204">204</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">292.</td> - <td class="c007">Surface produced by impacting</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_204">204</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">293.</td> - <td class="c007">Surface produced by use of wide fillets</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_204">204</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">294.</td> - <td class="c007">Basket with ribbed surface</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_205">205</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">295.</td> - <td class="c007">Bottle showing obliquely ribbed surface</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_205">205</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">296.</td> - <td class="c007">Tray showing radial ribs</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_205">205</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">297.</td> - <td class="c007">Combination giving herring bone effect</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_206">206</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">298.</td> - <td class="c007">Combination giving triangular figures</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_206">206</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">299.</td> - <td class="c007">Peruvian work basket</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_206">206</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">300.</td> - <td class="c007">Basket of Seminole workmanship</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_207">207</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">301.</td> - <td class="c007">Surface effect produced in open twined combination</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_207">207</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">302.</td> - <td class="c007">Surface effect produced in open twined combination</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_207">207</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">303.</td> - <td class="c007">Surface effect produced by impacting in twined combination</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_208">208</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">304.</td> - <td class="c007">Surface effect produced by impacting the web strands in twined combination</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_208">208</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">305.</td> - <td class="c007">Surface effect produced by crossing the web series in open twined work</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_208">208</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">306.</td> - <td class="c007">Tray with open mesh, twined combination</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_208">208</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">307.</td> - <td class="c007">Conical basket, twined combination</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_209">209</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">308.</td> - <td class="c007">Example of primitive reticulated weaving</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_210">210</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">309.</td> - <td class="c007">Simple form of reticulation</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_211">211</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">310.</td> - <td class="c007">Reticulated pattern in cotton cloth</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_211">211</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">311.</td> - <td class="c007">Peruvian embroidery</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_212">212</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">312.</td> - <td class="c007">Basket with pendent ornaments</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_213">213</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">313.</td> - <td class="c007">Basket with pendent ornaments</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_213">213</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">314.</td> - <td class="c007">Tasseled Peruvian mantle</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_214">214</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">315.</td> - <td class="c007">Pattern produced by interlacing strands of different colors</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_216">216</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">316.</td> - <td class="c007">Pattern produced by interlacing strands of different colors</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_216">216</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">317.</td> - <td class="c007">Pattern produced by interlacing strands of different colors</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_216">216</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">318.</td> - <td class="c007">Pattern produced by interlacing strands of different colors</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_217">217</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">319.</td> - <td class="c007">Base of coiled basket</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_218">218</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">320.</td> - <td class="c007">Coiled basket with geometric ornament</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_218">218</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">321.</td> - <td class="c007">Coiled basket with geometric ornament</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_219">219</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">322.</td> - <td class="c007">Coiled basket with geometric ornament</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_220">220</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">323.</td> - <td class="c007">Coiled basket with geometric ornament</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_220">220</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">324.</td> - <td class="c007">Coiled basket with geometric ornament</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_221">221</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">325.</td> - <td class="c007">Coiled basket with geometric ornament</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_223">223</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">326.</td> - <td class="c007">Coiled tray with geometric ornament</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_224">224</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">327.</td> - <td class="c007">Coiled tray with geometric ornament</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_225">225</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">328.</td> - <td class="c007">Tray with geometric ornament</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_225">225</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">329.</td> - <td class="c007">Tray with geometric ornament</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_226">226</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">330.</td> - <td class="c007">Ornament produced by wrapping the strands</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_227">227</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">331.</td> - <td class="c007">Ornament produced by fixing strands to the surface of the fabric</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_227">227</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">332.</td> - <td class="c007">Basket with feather ornamentation</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_227">227</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">333.</td> - <td class="c007">Basket with feather ornamentation</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_227">227</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">334.</td> - <td class="c007">Piece of cloth showing use of supplementary warp and woof</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_228">228</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">335.</td> - <td class="c007">Piece of cloth showing use of supplementary warp and woof</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_228">228</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">336.</td> - <td class="c007">Example of grass embroidery</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_230">230</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">337.</td> - <td class="c007">Example of feather embroidery</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_231">231</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">338.</td> - <td class="c007">Figures from the Penn wampum belt</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_233">233</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">339.</td> - <td class="c007">Figures from a California Indian basket</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_234">234</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">340.</td> - <td class="c007">California Indian basket</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_234">234</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">341.</td> - <td class="c007">Figures from a Peruvian basket</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_235">235</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">342.</td> - <td class="c007">Figure from a piece of Peruvian gobelins</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_236">236</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010"><span class="pageno" id="Page_XVI">XVI</span>343.</td> - <td class="c007">Figures from a Peruvian vase</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_237">237</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">344.</td> - <td class="c007">Figure from a circular basket</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_238">238</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">345.</td> - <td class="c007">Figure of a bird from a Zuñi shield</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_239">239</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">346.</td> - <td class="c007">Figure of a bird woven in a tray</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_240">240</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">347.</td> - <td class="c007">Figure of a bird woven in a basket</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_241">241</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">348.</td> - <td class="c007">Figures embroidered on a cotton net by the ancient Peruvians</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_242">242</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">349.</td> - <td class="c007">Figures of birds embroidered by the ancient Peruvians</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_243">243</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">350.</td> - <td class="c007">Conventional design painted upon cotton cloth</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_243">243</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">351.</td> - <td class="c007">Herring bone and checker patterns produced in weaving</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_246">246</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">352.</td> - <td class="c007">Herring bone and checker patterns engraved in clay</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_246">246</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">353.</td> - <td class="c007">Earthen vase with textile ornament</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_247">247</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">354.</td> - <td class="c007">Example of textile ornament painted upon pottery</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_248">248</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">355.</td> - <td class="c007">Textile pattern transferred to pottery through costume</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_248">248</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">356.</td> - <td class="c007">Ceremonial adz with carved ornament of textile character</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_250">250</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">357.</td> - <td class="c007">Figures upon a tapa stamp</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_251">251</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">358.</td> - <td class="c007">Design in stucco exhibiting textile characters</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_251">251</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">359.</td> - <td class="c007">Line of day and numeral symbols from Plates 36c and 37c, Dresden Codex</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_272">272</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">360.</td> - <td class="c007">Line of day and numeral characters from Plates 33-39, Dresden Codex</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_276">276</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">361.</td> - <td class="c007">Unusual symbol for Akbal from Plate 8 of the Dresden Codex</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_284">284</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">362.</td> - <td class="c007">Copy of Plate 50, Dresden Codex</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_297">297</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">363.</td> - <td class="c007">Copy of Plate 51, Dresden Codex</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_306">306</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">364.</td> - <td class="c007">Copy of Plate 52, Dresden Codex</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_307">307</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">365.</td> - <td class="c007">Copy of Plate 53, Dresden Codex</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_308">308</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">366.</td> - <td class="c007">Copy of Plate 54, Dresden Codex</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_309">309</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">367.</td> - <td class="c007">Copy of Plate 55, Dresden Codex</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_310">310</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">368.</td> - <td class="c007">Copy of Plate 56, Dresden Codex</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_311">311</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">369.</td> - <td class="c007">Copy of Plate 57, Dresden Codex</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_312">312</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">370.</td> - <td class="c007">Copy of Plate 58, Dresden Codex</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_313">313</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">371.</td> - <td class="c007">Specimens of ornamental loops from page 72, Dresden Codex</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_337">337</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">372.</td> - <td class="c007">Numeral character from the lower division of Plate XV, Manuscript Troano</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_343">343</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">373.</td> - <td class="c007">Turtle from the Cortesian Codex, Plate 17</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_348">348</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">374.</td> - <td class="c007">Jar from the Cortesian Codex, Plate 27</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_349">349</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">375.</td> - <td class="c007">Worm and plant from Manuscript Troano, Plate XXIX</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_351">351</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">376.</td> - <td class="c007">Figure of a woman from the Dresden Codex</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_351">351</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">377.</td> - <td class="c007">Copy of middle and lower divisions of Plate XIX, Manuscript Troano</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_352">352</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">378.</td> - <td class="c007">Copy of lower division of Plate 65, Dresden Codex</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_353">353</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">379.</td> - <td class="c007">The moo or ara from Plate 16, Dresden Codex</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_355">355</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">380.</td> - <td class="c007">The god Ekchuah, after the Troano and Cortesian Codices</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_358">358</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">381.</td> - <td class="c007">The long nosed god (Kukulcan) or god with the snake-like tongue</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_359">359</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">382.</td> - <td class="c007">Copy of head from the Borgian Codex (Quetzalcoatl?)</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_360">360</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">383.</td> - <td class="c007">The supposed god of death from the Dresden Codex</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_361">361</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">384.</td> - <td class="c007">The supposed god of death from the Troano Codex</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_361">361</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">385.</td> - <td class="c007">The god with the banded face from the Troano Codex</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_362">362</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">386.</td> - <td class="c007">The god with the old man's face</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_363">363</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">387.</td> - <td class="c007">The god with face crossed by lines</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_364">364</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">388.</td> - <td class="c007">Wooden idol in vessel with basket cover</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_371">371</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">389.</td> - <td class="c007">Symbolic chart of the Osage</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_378">378</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">390.</td> - <td class="c007">Harpoon from Alaska</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_472">472</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">391.</td> - <td class="c007">Modern or sealing harpoon</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_472">472</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">392.</td> - <td class="c007">Old style naulang or harpoon head</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_473">473</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010"><span class="pageno" id="Page_XVII">XVII</span>393.</td> - <td class="c007">Modern naulang or harpoon head</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_473">473</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">394.</td> - <td class="c007">Qilertuang or leather strap and clasps for holding coiled up harpoon lines</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_474">474</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">395.</td> - <td class="c007">Siatko or harpoon head of the Iglulirmiut</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_475">475</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">396.</td> - <td class="c007">Siatko found at Exeter Sound</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_475">475</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">397.</td> - <td class="c007">Eskimo in the act of striking a seal</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_476">476</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">398.</td> - <td class="c007">Tutareang or buckle</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_477">477</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">399.</td> - <td class="c007">Eskimo awaiting return of seal to blowhole</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_478">478</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">400.</td> - <td class="c007">Tuputang or ivory plugs for closing wounds</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_479">479</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">401.</td> - <td class="c007">Wooden case for plugs</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_480">480</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">402.</td> - <td class="c007">Another form of plug</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_480">480</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">403.</td> - <td class="c007">Qanging, for fastening thong to jaw of seal</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_480">480</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">404.</td> - <td class="c007">Qanging in form of a seal</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_480">480</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">405.</td> - <td class="c007">Qanging in form of a button</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_481">481</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">406.</td> - <td class="c007">Qanging serving for both toggle and handle</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_481">481</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">407.</td> - <td class="c007">Qidjarung or whirl for harpoon line</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_481">481</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">408.</td> - <td class="c007">Simple form of whirl</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_481">481</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">409.</td> - <td class="c007">Old pattern of hook for drawing out captured seal</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_483">483</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">410.</td> - <td class="c007">Seal hook of bear's claw</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_483">483</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">411.</td> - <td class="c007">Modern form of seal hook</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_483">483</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">412.</td> - <td class="c007">Eskimo approaching seal</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_484">484</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">413.</td> - <td class="c007">Frame of kayak or hunting boat</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_486">486</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">414.</td> - <td class="c007">Kayak with covering of skin</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_487">487</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">415.</td> - <td class="c007">Model of a Repulse Bay kayak</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_487">487</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">416.</td> - <td class="c007">Sirmijaung or scraper for kayak</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_488">488</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">417.</td> - <td class="c007">Large kayak harpoon for seal and walrus</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_488">488</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">418.</td> - <td class="c007">Tikagung or support for the hand</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_488">488</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">419.</td> - <td class="c007">Qatirn or ivory head of harpoon</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_489">489</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">420.</td> - <td class="c007">Manner of attaching the two principal parts of the harpoon</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_489">489</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">421.</td> - <td class="c007">Tokang or harpoon head in sheath</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_489">489</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">422.</td> - <td class="c007">Tokang or harpoon head taken from a whale in Cumberland Sound</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_490">490</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">423.</td> - <td class="c007">Ancient tokang or harpoon head</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_491">491</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">424.</td> - <td class="c007">Teliqbing, which is fastened to harpoon line</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_492">492</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">425.</td> - <td class="c007">Qatilik or spear</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_492">492</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">426.</td> - <td class="c007">Avautang or sealskin float</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_492">492</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">427.</td> - <td class="c007">Different styles of poviutang or pipe for inflating the float</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_493">493</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">428.</td> - <td class="c007">Agdliaq or spear for small seals</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_494">494</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">429.</td> - <td class="c007">Agdliaq points</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_494">494</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">430.</td> - <td class="c007">Spearheads</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_495">495</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">431.</td> - <td class="c007">Large spear head</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_495">495</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">432.</td> - <td class="c007">Anguvigang or lance</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_496">496</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">433.</td> - <td class="c007">Nuirn or bird spear</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_496">496</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">434.</td> - <td class="c007">Nuqsang or throwing board</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_496">496</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">435.</td> - <td class="c007">Sealing at the edge of the ice</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_498">498</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">436.</td> - <td class="c007">Model of sakurpāng or whaling harpoon</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_500">500</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">437.</td> - <td class="c007">Niutang with floats</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_500">500</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">438.</td> - <td class="c007">Wooden bow from Iglulik</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_502">502</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">439.</td> - <td class="c007">Wooden bow from Cumberland Sound</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_502">502</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">440.</td> - <td class="c007">Bows of reindeer antlers</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_503">503</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">441.</td> - <td class="c007">Bow of antlers with central part cut off straight</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_503">503</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">442.</td> - <td class="c007">Arrows with bone heads</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_504">504</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">443.</td> - <td class="c007">Arrows with metal heads</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_504">504</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">444.</td> - <td class="c007">Arrow head</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_505">505</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">445.</td> - <td class="c007">Showing attachment of arrowhead vertically and parallel to shank</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_505">505</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010"><span class="pageno" id="Page_XVIII">XVIII</span>446.</td> - <td class="c007">Various forms of arrowhead</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_506">506</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">447.</td> - <td class="c007">Socket of spear handle from Alaska</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_506">506</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">448.</td> - <td class="c007">Slate arrowhead</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_506">506</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">449.</td> - <td class="c007">Flint arrowheads from old graves</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_507">507</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">450.</td> - <td class="c007">Various styles of quiver</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_507">507</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">451.</td> - <td class="c007">Quiver handles</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_508">508</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">452.</td> - <td class="c007">Whalebone nooses for catching waterfowl</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_511">511</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">453.</td> - <td class="c007">Kakivang or salmon spear</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_512">512</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">454.</td> - <td class="c007">Ivory fish used as bait in spearing salmon</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_513">513</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">455.</td> - <td class="c007">Quqartaun for stringing salmon</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_514">514</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">456.</td> - <td class="c007">Salmon hook</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_515">515</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">457.</td> - <td class="c007">Salmon hook</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_515">515</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">458.</td> - <td class="c007">Bait used in fishing with hooks</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_516">516</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">459.</td> - <td class="c007">Butcher's knife with bone handle</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_516">516</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">460.</td> - <td class="c007">Pana or knife for dissecting game</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_517">517</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">461.</td> - <td class="c007">Form of ulo now in use</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_518">518</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">462.</td> - <td class="c007">Old ulo handle from Cape Broughton, Davis Strait</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_518">518</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">463.</td> - <td class="c007">Fragment of an ulo blade made of slate</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_518">518</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">464.</td> - <td class="c007">Ulo handle from recent grave</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_518">518</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">465.</td> - <td class="c007">Modern tesirqun or scraper</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_519">519</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">466.</td> - <td class="c007">Old style tesirqun or scraper</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_519">519</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">467.</td> - <td class="c007">Seligoung or scraper used for softening skins</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_520">520</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">468.</td> - <td class="c007">Old stone scrapers found in graves</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_521">521</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">469.</td> - <td class="c007">Stretcher for lines</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_522">522</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">470.</td> - <td class="c007">Ivory needle</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_523">523</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">471.</td> - <td class="c007">Ivory needlecase from Cumberland Sound</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_523">523</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">472.</td> - <td class="c007">Common pattern of needlecase</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_523">523</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">473.</td> - <td class="c007">Tikiq or thimble</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_524">524</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">474.</td> - <td class="c007">Instrument for straightening bone</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_525">525</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">475.</td> - <td class="c007">Drill for working in ivory and bone</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_525">525</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">476.</td> - <td class="c007">Driftwood used in kindling fire</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_526">526</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">477.</td> - <td class="c007">Eskimo graver's tool</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_526">526</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">478.</td> - <td class="c007">Framework of Eskimo boat</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_527">527</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">479.</td> - <td class="c007">Kiglo or post</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_527">527</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">480.</td> - <td class="c007">Umiaq or skin boat</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_528">528</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">481.</td> - <td class="c007">Umiaq or skin boat</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_528">528</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">482.</td> - <td class="c007">Qamuting or sledge</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_529">529</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">483.</td> - <td class="c007">Sledge shoe</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_530">530</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">484.</td> - <td class="c007">Form of clasp for fastening traces to sledge</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_531">531</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">485.</td> - <td class="c007">Artistic form of clasp for fastening traces to sledge</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_531">531</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">486.</td> - <td class="c007">Uqsirn for fastening traces to pitu</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_532">532</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">487.</td> - <td class="c007">Ano or dog harness</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_532">532</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">488.</td> - <td class="c007">Sadniriaq or clasp</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_532">532</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">489.</td> - <td class="c007">Tube for drinking</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_535">535</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">490.</td> - <td class="c007">Various styles of snow knife</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_539">539</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">491.</td> - <td class="c007">Ground plan of snow house of Davis Strait tribes</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_540">540</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">492.</td> - <td class="c007">Snow house of Davis Strait, sections</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_541">541</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">493.</td> - <td class="c007">Section and interior of snow house</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_543">543</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">494.</td> - <td class="c007">Ukusik or soapstone kettle</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_545">545</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">495.</td> - <td class="c007">Plan of double snow house</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_546">546</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">496.</td> - <td class="c007">Plan of Iglulik house</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_547">547</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">497.</td> - <td class="c007">Plan of Hudson Bay house</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_547">547</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">498.</td> - <td class="c007">Plan and sections of qarmang or stone house</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_548">548</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">499.</td> - <td class="c007">Plan of large qarmang or stone house</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_549">549</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010"><span class="pageno" id="Page_XIX">XIX</span>500.</td> - <td class="c007">Plan of stone house in Anarnitung, Cumberland Sound</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_549">549</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">501.</td> - <td class="c007">Plan of groups of stone houses in Pangnirtung</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_530">530</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">502.</td> - <td class="c007">Plan of qarmang or house made of whale ribs</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_550">550</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">503.</td> - <td class="c007">Storehouse in Ukiadliving</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_551">551</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">504.</td> - <td class="c007">Plan and sections of tupiq or tent of Cumberland Sound</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_551">551</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">505.</td> - <td class="c007">Plan and section of tupiq or tent of Pond Bay</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_553">553</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">506.</td> - <td class="c007">Plan and section of double winter tent, Cumberland Sound</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_553">553</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">507.</td> - <td class="c007">Qaturang or boot ornament</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_554">554</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">508.</td> - <td class="c007">Woman's jacket</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_555">555</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">509.</td> - <td class="c007">Ivory beads for women's jackets</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_555">555</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">510.</td> - <td class="c007">Girdle buckles</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_556">556</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">511.</td> - <td class="c007">Infant's clothing</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_557">557</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">512.</td> - <td class="c007">Child's clothing</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_557">557</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">513.</td> - <td class="c007">Ivory combs</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_559">559</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">514.</td> - <td class="c007">Buckles</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_560">560</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">515.</td> - <td class="c007">Manner of tattooing face and wearing hair</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_561">561</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">516.</td> - <td class="c007">Manner of tattooing legs and hands</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_561">561</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">517.</td> - <td class="c007">Forks</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_563">563</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">518.</td> - <td class="c007">Ladle of musk ox horn</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_563">563</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">519.</td> - <td class="c007">Skull used in the game ajegaung</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_565">565</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">520.</td> - <td class="c007">Ivory carving representing head of fox, used in the game ajegaung</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_565">565</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">521.</td> - <td class="c007">Ivory carvings representing polar bear, used in the game ajegaung</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_566">566</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">522.</td> - <td class="c007">Figures used in playing tingmiujang, a game similar to dice</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_567">567</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">523.</td> - <td class="c007">Game of nuglutang</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_568">568</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">524.</td> - <td class="c007">The sāketān or roulette</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_569">569</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">525.</td> - <td class="c007">Ajarorpoq or cat's cradle</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_569">569</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">526.</td> - <td class="c007">Ball</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_570">570</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">527.</td> - <td class="c007">Dolls in dress of the Oqomiut</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_571">571</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">528.</td> - <td class="c007">Dolls in dress of the Akunirmiut</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_571">571</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">529.</td> - <td class="c007">Modern snow goggles of wood</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_576">576</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">530.</td> - <td class="c007">Old form of snow goggles of ivory</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_576">576</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">531.</td> - <td class="c007">Diagram showing interior of qaggi or singing house among eastern tribes</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_600">600</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">532.</td> - <td class="c007">Plan of Hudson Bay qaggi or singing house</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_601">601</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">533.</td> - <td class="c007">Kilaut or drum</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_602">602</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">534.</td> - <td class="c007">Plans of remains of supposed qaggi or singing houses</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_603">603</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">535.</td> - <td class="c007">Qailertétang or masked figure</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_606">606</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">536.</td> - <td class="c007">Model of lamp from a grave in Cumberland Sound</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_613">613</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">537.</td> - <td class="c007">Qaudjaqdjuq is maltreated by his enemies</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_631">631</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">538.</td> - <td class="c007">The man in the moon comes down to help Qaudjaqdjuq</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_631">631</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">539.</td> - <td class="c007">The man in the moon whipping Qaudjaqdjuq</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_632">632</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">540.</td> - <td class="c007">Qaudjaqdjuq has become Qaudjuqdjuaq</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_632">632</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">541.</td> - <td class="c007">Qaudjuqdjuaq killing his enemies</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_633">633</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">542.</td> - <td class="c007">Tumiujang or lamp of the Tornit</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_634">634</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">543.</td> - <td class="c007">Cumberland Sound and Frobisher Bay, drawn by Itu, a Nugumio</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_644">644</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">544.</td> - <td class="c007">Cumberland Sound and Frobisher Bay, drawn by Sunapignang, an Oqomio</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_645">645</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">545.</td> - <td class="c007">Cumberland Sound, drawn by Itu, a Nugumio</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_646">646</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c010">546.</td> - <td class="c007">Peninsula of Qivitung, drawn by Angutuqdjuaq, a Padlimio</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_647">647</a></td> - </tr> -</tbody></table> - -<div class="footnote" id="f1"> -<p class="c000"><span class="label"><a href="#r1">1</a>. </span>In pocket at end of volume.</p> -</div> - -<div class="chapter"> - <span class="pageno" id="Page_XXI">XXI</span> - <h2 class="c005">LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.</h2> -</div> - -<div class="lg-container-r c002"> - <div class="linegroup"> - <div class="group"> - <div class="line"><span class="sc">Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of Ethnology</span>,</div> - <div class="line"><em>Washington, D. C., October 23, 1885</em>.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class="c000"><span class="sc">Sir</span>: I have the honor to submit my Sixth Annual Report -as Director of the Bureau of Ethnology.</p> - -<p class="c000">The first part consists of an explanation of the plan and -operations of the Bureau; the second part consists of a series -of papers on anthropologic subjects, mainly prepared by my -assistants to illustrate the methods and results of the work of -the Bureau.</p> - -<p class="c000">I desire to express my thanks for your earnest support and -your wise counsel relating to the work under my charge.</p> - -<p class="c000">I am, with respect, your obedient servant,</p> - -<div class="fig" style="width:100%;"> -<img src="images/signature.jpg" width="300" height="97" alt="[Illustration]" /> -</div> - -<div class="lg-container-r"> - <div class="linegroup"> - <div class="group"> - <div class="line">Prof. <span class="sc">Spencer F. Baird</span>,</div> - <div class="line in4"><em>Secretary Smithsonian Institution</em>.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div><span class="pageno" id="Page_XXIII">XXIII</span></div> -<div class="ph2"> - -<div class="nf-center-c1"> -<div class="nf-center c001"> - <div>SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT</div> - <div>OF THE</div> - <div>BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY.</div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> - -<div class="nf-center-c1"> -<div class="nf-center c002"> - <div><span class="sc">By J. W. Powell, Director</span>.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class="chapter"> - <h2 class="c005">INTRODUCTION.</h2> -</div> - -<p class="c012">The prosecution of research among the North American Indians, -as directed by act of Congress, was continued during -the fiscal year 1884-'85.</p> - -<p class="c000">No change has been made in the general plan upon which -the work has been prosecuted as set forth in former reports. -Certain lines of investigation have been decided upon, which -are confided to persons trained in their pursuit, and the results -of these labors are presented from time to time in the publications -of the Bureau provided for by law. A brief statement of -the work upon which each of the special students was actively -engaged during the fiscal year is furnished below; this, however, -does not embrace all the studies undertaken or services -rendered by them, since particular lines of research have been -suspended in this, as in former years, in order to prosecute temporarily -work regarded as of paramount importance. From -this cause delays have been occasioned in the completion of -several treatises and monograph's, already partly in type, which -otherwise would have been published.</p> - -<p class="c000">Invitation is renewed for the assistance of explorers, writers, -and students who are not and may not desire to be officially -connected with the Bureau. Their contributions, whether in -<span class="pageno" id="Page_XXIV">XXIV</span>the shape of suggestions or of extended communications, will -be gratefully acknowledged, and, if published either in the -series of reports or in monographs or bulletins, as the liberality -of Congress may in future allow, will always receive proper -credit.</p> - -<p class="c000">The items now reported upon are presented in three principal -divisions. The first relates to the publication made; the -second, to the work prosecuted in the field; and the third, to -the office work, which largely consists of the preparation for -publication of the results of field work, with the corrections -and additions obtained from the literature of the subjects and -by correspondence.</p> - -<div class="chapter"> - <h2 class="c005">PUBLICATION.</h2> -</div> - -<p class="c012">The only publication actually issued during the year was -entitled Proof-Sheets of a Bibliography of the Languages of -the North American Indians, by James Constantine Pilling. -The volume, a quarto of 1,175 pages, consists of an author -catalogue of books, manuscripts, magazine and newspaper -articles, publications of learned societies, and other documents -relating in any way to the Indian languages of North America. -Only one hundred copies were printed, which were distributed -to collaborators.</p> - -<p class="c000">This work was commenced by Mr. Pilling in 1879 and has -been prosecuted with diligence and skill, notwithstanding the -engrossing nature of his other duties. It began as an author -card catalogue, designed merely for office use. In time it -became apparent that such a systematic catalogue of the literature -of Indian languages, if printed and distributed, would -be of important service to all the numerous workers on the -general subject, besides those directly connected with the -Bureau, to whom alone it was accessible in manuscript form. -By this course the accumulated results of several years' labor -would be immediately available for the use of students generally, -and the distribution of proof-sheets would in turn increase -interest in the work, elicit comment and criticism, and -secure additional contributions, through all of which the final -volume contemplated would become more satisfactory and -<span class="pageno" id="Page_XXV">XXV</span>complete, both in form and substance. The thorough conscientiousness -and punctilious care shown in the present catalogue, -and especially the comprehensive bibliographic spirit -in which the work has been conceived, prove the peculiar fitness -of the author for the undertaking. He has set before -him and has kept steadily in view the following aims:</p> - -<p class="c000">First, to discover every document in existence relating to -the subject, either printed or in manuscript.</p> - -<p class="c000">Secondly, to record a description of every document found, -so accurate and full that each book or article mentioned is -clearly identified and all its contents relating to Indian languages -set forth, with citation of the chapters and pages -within the work where the linguistic material may be found.</p> - -<p class="c000">Thirdly, to name, when possible, one or more libraries -where each work catalogued may be found.</p> - -<p class="c000">Fourthly, to arrange and combine the whole so that the student -using it may in the shortest time learn whether any work -contains the special matter which he desires to consult, and, if -so, precisely where he may find it. In the case of rare books -or papers special attention has been paid to obtain full information, -and in the case of some of the rarest books fac-similes of -the title pages are given. The value of a work so broadly conceived -and so carefully executed is very great. The literature -of this subject has become so voluminous, so disconnected, so -scattered in time and place, that progress in the classification -of Indian languages and the determination of their affinities -has been greatly retarded, awaiting the orderly arrangement -of accumulated information. This requisite, with the important -addition of the correction of current errors, is met by the -catalogue. It has been found indispensable to the Bureau and -has already been gratefully acknowledged as invaluable by -all students of American tribes to whom copies have been distributed.</p> - -<p class="c000">Since the printing and distribution of the proof-sheets, and -markedly as a result thereof, the card catalogue has continued -to grow; and, although not complete and, from the nature of -the subject, not expected to become absolutely exhaustive, the -recent additions to it indicate how thoroughly the work was -<span class="pageno" id="Page_XXVI">XXVI</span>originally done. It may be possible, therefore, before long to -substitute for the Proof-Sheets the Bibliography itself in -standard form.</p> - -<div class="chapter"> - <h2 class="c005">FIELD WORK.</h2> -</div> - -<p class="c012">Under this heading are comprised—</p> - -<p class="c000">First, the systematic operations of the division of mound -exploration carried on east of the Rocky Mountains.</p> - -<p class="c000">Secondly, researches in and collections from the ancient -ruins of the Southwest and comparative study of the present -inhabitants of that region and the objects found among -them.</p> - -<p class="c000">Thirdly, linguistic work or expeditions among the several -Indian tribes at their homes, with the main purpose of acquiring -knowledge of their spoken languages.</p> - -<p class="c000">Fourthly, general studies, or those embracing various -branches of inquiry, conducted among the existing Indian -tribes.</p> - -<h3 class="c009">MOUND EXPLORATIONS.</h3> - -<h4 class="c013">WORK OF PROF. CYRUS THOMAS.</h4> - -<p class="c014">The work of exploring the mounds and other ancient monuments -of that portion of the United States east of the Rocky -Mountains, commenced in 1882, was carried on during the -fiscal year, under the charge of Prof. Cyrus Thomas.</p> - -<p class="c000">The regular assistants during the first half of the year were -Messrs. P.W. Norris, James D. Middleton, and John P. Rogan. -For the latter half they were Messrs. Middleton, Rogan, -and John W. Emmert, the last named having been engaged -to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Mr. Norris.</p> - -<p class="c000">Mr. Norris was engaged during the fall of 1884 in exploring -the extensive group of works in the vicinity of Charleston, -Kanawha Valley, W. Va. He continued at work there -until December, when he was compelled by cold weather and -illness to desist. To the great regret of all his associates in -the work, his illness terminated in death on the 14th of January, -1885. By his death the division has lost a faithful and -enthusiastic worker.</p> - -<p class="c000"><span class="pageno" id="Page_XXVII">XXVII</span>During the summer and fall of 1884 and until the approach -of extremely cold weather, Mr. Middleton was engaged in exploring -the works of Knox County, Ohio. Throughout the -winter and following spring his field of operations was eastern -Arkansas. In the latter field he was assisted by Mr. L. H. -Thing, who was employed for three months as temporary assistant.</p> - -<p class="c000">During the summer and until the beginning of winter, Mr. -Rogan was engaged (in conjunction with Rev. J. P. Maclean, -who was employed as a temporary assistant) in exploring the -ancient monuments of Butler County and the adjacent regions -of southern Ohio. On the approach of the cold season he -went south, his field of operations for the remainder of the -year being northern Georgia and the southern counties of -East Tennessee.</p> - -<p class="c000">Mr. Emmert, who had been employed on January 1, 1885, to -make some special explorations in East Tennessee, was made -permanent assistant immediately after the death of Mr. Norris. -His work in that section proving successful he continued -it until the close of the fiscal year.</p> - -<p class="c000">Mr. Gerard Fowke was engaged during November in examining -the ancient quarries of Flint Ridge, Ohio, and in -making a collection to illustrate the various stages in the aboriginal -manufacture of flint implements. His collection is, -perhaps, the most complete in this particular line of any so -far made in this country. In the winter he was employed -about two months in special investigations of some ancient -works in Pontotoc and Union Counties, Miss., a locality supposed -to have been visited by De Soto during his unfortunate -expedition. In some of the mounds of this section, which was -formerly the home of the Chikasa, he found some articles of -European manufacture, among them a small silver plate bearing -the royal arms of Castile and Leon in an old heraldic form.</p> - -<p class="c000">Although the number of specimens obtained does not exceed -that of the collection of the preceding year, the general result -shows a decided advance in the accuracy of the work done. -The measurements and plats have been made with more care -and exactness, the descriptions are more complete, and the details -<span class="pageno" id="Page_XXVIII">XXVIII</span>more fully set forth. As an illustration one case is presented. -A large mound was opened which was found to contain -over ninety skeletons, irregularly placed and at different -depths. At the outset a plat of the mound was made; each skeleton -was located on it as discovered, and notes were taken of -the depth, position, articles found with it, etc. Thus the exact -position of each skeleton in the mound is recorded, as well as -that of any article accompanying it. The collections made are -more varied in character than those of any previous year, including -several new types of pottery, some unusually fine stone -implements, and from several mounds articles showing contact -with Europeans. The pottery obtained by Messrs. Middleton -and Thing in Arkansas is of more than ordinary interest, containing -a number of specimens of the rarer forms, also several -colored specimens.</p> - -<p class="c000">The same care has been taken as heretofore in labeling and -numbering the specimens, so that each can be traced by the -record to the exact place where it was found. The illustrations -showing the construction, character, and form of the -various works explored exceed in number, accuracy, and importance -those of any previous year.</p> - -<h3 class="c009">EXPLORATIONS IN THE SOUTHWEST.</h3> - -<h4 class="c013">WORK OF MR. JAMES STEVENSON.</h4> - -<p class="c014">Mr. James Stevenson was placed in charge of a party, with -instructions to proceed to Arizona and New Mexico to make -researches and collections among the Pueblo Indians and the -ancient ruins in that region.</p> - -<p class="c000">Mr. Stevenson's party was divided into three sections. The -section in charge of Mr. F. T. Bickford visited the remarkable -series of ruins in Chaco <span xml:lang="es" lang="es">cañon</span>, in northwestern New Mexico; -Cañon de Chelly and its branch <span xml:lang="es" lang="es">cañons</span>; the cliff dwellings in -Walnut <span xml:lang="es" lang="es">cañon</span>, in Arizona, and a group of interesting cave -dwellings, different in structure from any heretofore found, near -Flagstaff, in the same Territory. All these were carefully examined. -Full and extensive notes, as well as sketches and -photographic illustrations, were made of these ruins.</p> - -<p class="c000"><span class="pageno" id="Page_XXIX">XXIX</span>Another section, in charge of Mr. C. A. Garlick, was stationed -at the pueblo of Acoma, in New Mexico. The work at this village -resulted in a collection of about thirty-five hundred specimens, -consisting of pottery and a variety of utensils of other -material, such as stone, bone, wood, and woven fabrics, illustrating -the arts of the people of Acoma. The collections from -this pueblo, though not embracing a great variety of objects, -will illustrate nearly all the phases of the arts and industrial -pursuits of these Indians.</p> - -<p class="c000">Another section of Mr. Stevenson's party, under his own -supervision and with the important assistance of Mrs. Stevenson, -was employed in making collections and studies at -Zuñi. The collection from there is much larger than any heretofore -obtained and includes many objects relating to the outdoor -ceremonies of the Zuñi. Specimens of these were secured -from their sacred springs, caves, and shrines. All details relating -to their ceremonials were attentively studied, and a -series of water color sketches was made of altars used and of -masks worn on these important occasions. A large number of -fetiches was also obtained, representing many of the animals -held in religious esteem by the Zuñi. A series of photographs -was made of the sacred springs, wells, monuments, picture -writings, and shrines of the Zuñi located at different points -over an area of about seventy-five miles from Zuñi, and a collection -was secured of representative specimens of their fetiches, -plume sticks, and other objects connected with their mythology -and religious practices. The collection made during the year -was unusually large and important. It comprises about eighty-five -hundred specimens from the Indian tribes of the Southwest -embraced in the research; these consist of woven fabrics and -pottery, bone, and stone implements, both ancient and modern, -and represent nearly all phases of the life, art, and industries -of these tribes. These collections have been deposited in the -U. S. National Museum for arrangement, classification, and description.</p> - -<h4 class="c013">WORK OF MR. VICTOR MINDELEFF.</h4> - -<p class="c014">A party in charge of Mr. Victor Mindeleff left Washington -on August 5 to survey the ruined pueblos of the Chaco, in New -<span class="pageno" id="Page_XXX">XXX</span>Mexico. Five of the ruins were accurately measured and -platted to scale, and a full series of sketches, plans, and photographs -was secured. Mr. Mindeleff returned from the field on -the 1st of October. He then made a trip to the great Etowah -mound, near Cartersville, Ga., under the direction of Prof. -Cyrus Thomas, in order to secure an accurate survey and scale -drawing, as a basis for the construction of a model.</p> - -<p class="c000">At the close of this work Mr. Mindeleff returned to Washington, -on October 7, and was engaged in office work until the -middle of the following June, when he took the field in advance -of his party for further studies among the ruins and -pueblos of the Cibola and Tusayan groups. He was also instructed -to secure similar material at other available points for -comparison.</p> - -<h3 class="c009">LINGUISTIC FIELD WORK.</h3> - -<h4 class="c013">WORK OF MRS. ERMINNIE A. SMITH.</h4> - -<p class="c014">From the 1st of July to the 15th of August, 1884, Mrs. -Smith, assisted by Mr. J. N. B. Hewitt, of Tuscarora descent, -was engaged among the Onondaga living near Syracuse, N. Y., -in translating and annotating two Onondaga manuscripts; afterward, -until the latter part of October, with the same assistance, -she was at work on the Grand River reservation in Canada, -where she filled out the vocabulary in the Introduction to the -Study of Indian Languages from the dialect of the Cayuga. -She also obtained from the Mohawk a translation, with annotations, -of a manuscript in their dialect.</p> - -<p class="c000">The three manuscripts mentioned are now in the possession -of the Bureau of Ethnology. Their origin and history are not -distinctly known, as they are all probably copies of originals -which seem to have been lost or destroyed. It was intended -in these manuscripts to reproduce, by the alphabet and the -script used by English writers, the sound of the dialects employed.</p> - -<p class="c000">These records have their chief interest in the preservation of -many archaic words, or those of ceremony, law, and custom, -which in these dialects, as is the general rule, remain unchanged, -although the colloquial language may be modified. -<span class="pageno" id="Page_XXXI">XXXI</span>The subject matter of all these records is genuinely and exclusively -Iroquoian.</p> - -<p class="c000">The Mohawk manuscript was copied about the year 1830 -by Chief John "Smoke" Johnson from an earlier original or -perhaps copy. The orthography of this copy is quite regular -and is that of the early English missionaries, being similar in -many respects to the well known Pickering alphabet.</p> - -<p class="c000">One of the Onondaga manuscripts was found in the possession -of Mr. Daniel La Fort and the other in that of Mrs. John -A. Jones, both of the Onondaga reserve, New York. These -two copies differ from each other in orthography and substance, -the Jones manuscript being probably a full detail of a part of -the other.</p> - -<p class="c000">The orthography of the La Fort manuscript is very irregular -and difficult to read, but that of the Jones manuscript is -regular and legible. The Mohawk manuscript contains a detailed -account of the rites and ceremonies, speeches and songs, -of the condoling and inducting council of the Iroquoian League -in the form in which that council was conducted by the elder -brothers or members of the Onondaga, Mohawk, and Seneca -divisions, which have been generally called tribes, but are -more correctly confederacies, their villages being the tribal -unit. The La Fort Onondaga manuscript comprises a similar -ritual of the same council as carried out by the younger -brothers, viz., the Cayuga, Oneida, and Tuscarora members or -confederacies of the league. The Jones Onondaga manuscript -is the charge of the principal shaman to the newly elected or -inducted chief or chiefs.</p> - -<p class="c000">During the remainder of the year material was collected and -work continued on the Tuscarora-English part of the Tuscarora -dictionary.</p> - -<h4 class="c013">WORK OF MR. H. W. HENSHAW.</h4> - -<p class="c014">Mr. H. W. Henshaw visited southern California for the purpose -of pursuing linguistic studies in the group of languages -spoken by the Santa Barbara Indians. Although these Indians -became known at a very early day, being mentioned -with particularity in the relation of Cabrillo's voyage along -<span class="pageno" id="Page_XXXII">XXXII</span>the California coast in 1542, but little has been ascertained in -respect to their language and its relations to the speech of -neighboring tribes.</p> - -<p class="c000">Few vocabularies were collected by the early Spanish missionaries -and those gathered were very imperfect, so that no -conclusions can be based upon them with confidence.</p> - -<p class="c000">As a result of the policy pursued by the various missionaries -among these docile tribes, aboriginal habits were soon exchanged -for others imposed by the priests. Tribal organizations -were broken up and the Indians were removed from their -homes and located about the missions. In addition the Spanish -language was early introduced and so far as possible made -to replace the aboriginal tongue. As a consequence Spanish -became familiar to a large number of the proselytes, and all -the surviving Santa Barbara Indians speak Spanish fluently, -or rather the Mexican dialect of Spanish. Indeed, the impression -prevails generally in California that none of the Indians -can speak their own tongue. As a matter of fact, however, -in their own families and when away from the white men -they discard Spanish entirely.</p> - -<p class="c000">The attempt to preserve the language was begun none too -soon, as of the large population attributed to this part of the -California coast Mr. Henshaw was able to discover only about -fifty survivors, and these were widely scattered over several -counties. A number of the dialects of the linguistic family -are now extinct, and only a month before Mr. Henshaw's -arrival at San Buenaventura an old woman died who, it is -believed, was the last person to speak the dialect belonging -to the Island of Santa Cruz. In Santa Barbara and Ventura -counties six dialects of the family were found, which are believed -to be all that are now extant.</p> - -<p class="c000">In the case of the dialect of Santa Rosa island, but one Indian -remained to speak it. Two more dialects are spoken by two or -three individuals only. The existing dialects, named according -to the missions around which they were spoken, are as -follows: San Buenaventura, Santa Barbara, Santa Rosa Island, -Purissima, Santa Inez, and San Luis Obispo. With the exception -of the last named the several dialects are very closely -<span class="pageno" id="Page_XXXIII">XXXIII</span>related, and, although each possesses a greater or less number -of words not contained in the others, their vocabularies show -many words which are common to all.</p> - -<p class="c000">The dialect formerly spoken at San Luis Obispo differs much -from any of the others, and a critical comparison is necessary -to reveal a sufficient number of words possessing identical roots -to render their common parentage obvious.</p> - -<p class="c000">Extensive vocabularies of the dialects of San Antonio and -San Miguel were obtained, there being about a dozen Indians -who speak these languages around the old San Antonio mission. -These languages have been supposed to be of the Santa -Barbara family (as it has hitherto been termed, now called -Chumashan family), but the material obtained by Mr. Henshaw -disproves this, and, for the present at least, they are considered -to form a distinct family.</p> - -<p class="c000">Mr. Henshaw visited Los Angeles and San Diego counties -for the purpose of determining the exact northern and southern -limits of the Shoshonian family, which extends quite to the -coast in California.</p> - -<p class="c000">At San Diego and San Luis Rey he obtained vocabularies -representing four dialects of the Yuman family.</p> - -<h4 class="c013">WORK OF MR. A. S. GATSCHET.</h4> - -<p class="c014">In August, 1884, Mr. Gatschet proceeded to visit the Tonkawē -and Lipan tribes in Texas.</p> - -<p class="c000">He reached Fort Griffin on the 29th of August. The -Tonkawē tribe was encamped about a mile and a half south of -Fort Griffin, Shackleford county, and consisted of 78 individuals, -while the Lipan camp, one mile north-northwest, consisted -of 19 persons only. All these Indians were on the point of removing -to the Oakland reserve, Indian Territory.</p> - -<p class="c000">The Tonkawē constitute an aggregate of several tribal -remnants formerly living independently of one another in -southern Texas and on the Rio Grande. Mr. Gatschet devoted -five weeks to the study of their language and one week to -that of the Lipan, which is a dialect of Apache (Athapascan). -<span class="pageno" id="Page_XXXIV">XXXIV</span>The Tonkawē is a sonorous and energetic form of speech. The -radix of many of the adjectives becomes reduplicated to form a -kind of plural, and the same thing is observed in some of the -verbs, where iteration or frequency has to be indicated. Case -suffixes are observed in the substantive, which can easily be -traced to postpositions as their original forms. Very few of the -natives were sufficiently conversant with English or Spanish -to serve as interpreters, so that it was difficult to secure trustworthy -results. A white man who had lived over six years -among them was of material help, and several mythologic and -other texts were obtained with tolerable correctness through his -aid.</p> - -<p class="c000">On October 9 Mr. Gatschet left Fort Griffin and reached -Fort Sill, in the Indian Territory, on the 15th. Many Kaiowē -and Comanche Indians encamped during the warmer months -of the year around this fort, which is situated at the southeast -base of the Wichita mountains. He engaged the best help he -could find for studying the Kaiowē language, for which there -is no Government interpreter. The Comanche is the predominating -language on the whole Kaiowē, Comanche, and Apache -reservation, although the Comanche exceed the Kaiowē but -little in number. The Comanche is more easily acquired, at -least to the extent required in conversation, and all the traders -and shopkeepers on the reservation have a smattering of it.</p> - -<p class="c000">Better interpreters for Kaiowē were obtained at Anadarko, -the seat of the agency, where Mr. Gatschet remained from -October 31 to December 12. A few Kaiowē were found who -had passed some months or years among Americans or at the -Indian schools at Carlisle, Chilocco, and elsewhere, and could -express themselves intelligibly in English. A few white Mexicans -were found among the Comanche, who were captured by -them in infancy, acquired the Comanche language, and have -ever since lived among these Indians. Of the Kaiowē, Mr. -Gatschet acquired over two thousand terms, phrases, and sentences, -several historic texts of value, and of the Comanche, -eight hundred or a thousand words. The circumstances necessitated -careful and numerous revisions of everything obtained, -by which much of the time was absorbed.</p> - -<p class="c000"><span class="pageno" id="Page_XXXV">XXXV</span>The Na-ishi Apache, about four hundred in number and -formerly roaming with the Kaiowē, furnished also a large -amount of terms, exceeding fifteen hundred.</p> - -<p class="c000">There are a few verbal similarities between the Kaiowē and -the Shoshoni languages, but apparently not enough to indicate -anything more than long association of these peoples. The -Kaiowē has a dual in the intransitive verb and in some nouns. -There are more than a dozen different modes of forming the -plural of nouns. The subject pronoun is incorporated with -the verb as a prefix, and every tense has a different subject -pronoun, as in Otomi and other languages of southern Mexico.</p> - -<p class="c000">Vocabularies were also obtained of Delaware, Ottawa, Yuchi, -Caddo, Wichita, and of the hitherto unstudied Caddo dialects -of Anadarko and Yatassi.</p> - -<p class="c000">In spite of persevering search it was not possible to find any -of the Bidai or the Tonica in Texas, although it is probable -that some of them survived in that State as late as 1850.</p> - -<p class="c000">Mr. Gatschet then passed a whole month among the Atakapa -at Lake Charles, the county seat of Calcasieu parish, -Louisiana. Of the two dialects traceable, only the western one -seems to exist now, being still spoken by a few women living -at the town. The language is sonorous, but strongly nasal.</p> - -<p class="c000">Returning to the Indian Territory, after a fruitless search for -the Tonica and Adai, he stopped at Eufaula, Creek Nation, to -meet a Na'htchi Indian named Lasley, about sixty years old, -who had represented his tribe in the councils of the Creek -Nation. This man explained his Na'htchi terms and phrases by -Creek equivalents, and these had to be translated into English -to obtain full light concerning the Na'htchi terms. One legendary -text was also obtained. The language is rather consonantal -and has a multiplicity of verbal forms.</p> - -<p class="c000">Among the Yuchi tribe on Middle Arkansas river, southwestern -bank, and over 40 miles from Muscogee Station, Indian -Territory, he remained but a week, too short a time to obtain -full information respecting this interesting language. There -are five or six hundred Yuchi still living on this tract. Two -texts and a few popular songs, with one thousand terms of the -language, were obtained.</p> - -<p class="c000"><span class="pageno" id="Page_XXXVI">XXXVI</span>The last stop was made among the Modoc at Quapaw -Agency, at the agency buildings. About ninety are left of -those brought there for having taken part in the Modoc war of -1872-'73. Five mythic tales were gathered from the natives -within the short time of three weeks, one of them being of -considerable length and of importance. It is called "The birth -of Aishish." The birth of this astral deity resembles in most -particulars that of Bacchus from the thigh of Jupiter after his -mother, Semele, had been burned to death. The terms, phrases, -and sentences gathered, besides the myth mentioned, amount -to over fifteen hundred items, which will prove useful for completing -the work on the Klamath Indians of Oregon now in -preparation.</p> - -<p class="c000">Of the Shawnee language several hundred words were -gathered from the Indians of that tribe settled around the -agency.</p> - -<p class="c000">Mr. Gatschet returned to Washington in April, 1885.</p> - -<h4 class="c013">WORK OF REV. J. OWEN DORSEY.</h4> - -<p class="c014">Rev. J. Owen Dorsey visited the Siletz Agency, Oregon, in -August, 1884, to gain linguistic and other information respecting -the tribes in that region. When he returned, in November, -he brought back as the result of his work the following -vocabularies:—Athapascan family: Applegate Creek, Galice -Creek, Chastā Costa, Miko-no-tunne, Chetco, Smith River, -Cal., and Upper Coquille.—Yakonan family: Yaquina, Alsea, -Siuslaw, and Lower Umpqua.—Kusan family: Mulluk or Lower -Coquille.—Takilman family: Takilma or Upper Rogue River.—Shahaptian -family: Klikitat.—Sastean family: Shasti—total, -nineteen vocabularies, ranging from fifty to three thousand -entries, exclusive of phrases and grammatical notes.</p> - -<p class="c000">He also obtained materials for an account of the social organization -into villages of some of these Indians, the basis for -which appears to have been the clan or gens. Rough maps, -showing the localities of the villages, were made. Mr. Dorsey -also obtained from several tribes the corresponding Indian -names of about sixty vegetal products, specimens of which -were brought to Washington for identification.</p> - -<div> - <span class="pageno" id="Page_XXXVII">XXXVII</span> - <h4 class="c013">WORK OF MR. JEREMIAH CURTIN.</h4> -</div> - -<p class="c014">Mr. Curtin spent the first two weeks of July at the Quapaw -agency, Indian Territory, in making a collection of Modoc -myths, which he had begun in the preceding winter, being part -of a general collection of Indian myths begun in 1883. The -number of Modoc myths obtained was nearly one hundred.</p> - -<p class="c000">After finishing work at the Quapaw Agency, he returned to -Washington, and shortly afterward was directed to proceed to -northern California and obtain vocabularies of the Nosa and -Kombo languages, and thence to Oregon to obtain vocabularies -of the Wasco, Tyigh, and Tenina languages.</p> - -<p class="c000">Work was begun on the Nosa language (Yanan family) at -Redding, Cal., on October 11. The difficulties were very -great, especially at first, owing to the fact that the Nosa are -few in number, live far from one another, and have a very -imperfect knowledge of English.</p> - -<p class="c000">The Nosa were a prominent and rather numerous people -until 1864, when all of them who could be found were massacred -by white settlers, who organized two companies for the -purpose of exterminating the tribe. Owing to a chance by -which a few escaped and to the exertions of Mr. Benjamin -Oliver, who secreted several in his cellar, about fifteen full -blood Nosa survived.</p> - -<p class="c000">Work on Nosa was continued in and around Redding until -the end of November, when Round Mountain was visited to -complete the Nosa vocabulary and obtain that of the Atsugei -(Palaikan family), a very interesting language. Work at -Round Mountain was finished on January 8 and Redding was -revisited on January 9, preparatory to departing for Oregon.</p> - -<p class="c000">Owing to the excessive severity of the winter and the snow -blockades, which lasted six weeks, communication with Warm -Spring was closed, and it was impossible to enter the reservation -till January 27, when Sinnashee, a school and center of -the Warm Spring Indian population, was reached.</p> - -<p class="c000">At this place the Tyigh vocabulary (Shahaptian family) was -collected. The Wasco (Chinookan family) was obtained at -the agency headquarters near the Deschutes river. Tenina, -<span class="pageno" id="Page_XXXVIII">XXXVIII</span>being identical with the Tyigh language, was omitted. From -April 18, at which date work at the Warm Spring agency was -finished, until June 30, the time was devoted to collecting myths -in the Klamath reservation and at Yreka.</p> - -<p class="c000">During the whole period of work all the myths that could -be found among the people whose languages were being investigated -were reduced to writing. In this manner a large -body of Nosa, Atsugei, Tyigh, and Wasco myths was collected. -In the cases of Klamath and Shasti, myths were the -objects directly in view.</p> - -<p class="c000">The vocabularies were obtained with satisfactory completeness -and the verbal systems worked out in detail.</p> - -<p class="c000">The Nosa is remarkable for a regularity of structure which -yields to analysis and has a certain monotonous harmony of -sound.</p> - -<p class="c000">The Atsugei has a sonorous roll, a strong letter <em>r</em>, and a -certain number of words in common with the Shasti, itself -one of the <em>r</em> languages.</p> - -<h3 class="c009">GENERAL FIELD WORK.</h3> - -<h4 class="c013">WORK OF DR. WASHINGTON MATTHEWS.</h4> - -<p class="c014">Dr. Washington Matthews, assistant surgeon U. S. Army, -continued his investigations among the Navajo Indians in New -Mexico and Arizona. He had been stationed in the Navajo -country as post surgeon of Fort Wingate, N. Mex., from 1880 -to 1884, during which time he devoted himself to studying the -language, customs, and ceremonies of this tribe as much as his -official duties would permit. Some of the great shamanistic -ceremonies of the Navajo, occupying nine days for their performance, -he had often seen in part; but he had never had an -opportunity of witnessing one throughout its entire duration, -as he had not sufficient time at his disposal.</p> - -<p class="c000">Before leaving New Mexico, however, he secured the friendship -and confidence of some of the leading medicine men and -obtained their promise to admit him to their most secret rites -during their entire performance whenever he should be able -to avail himself of the privilege. He was also promised complete -<span class="pageno" id="Page_XXXIX">XXXIX</span>instruction in the mythology and symbolism of these -rites.</p> - -<p class="c000">In the autumn of 1884 he was given an opportunity, under -the auspices of the Bureau of Ethnology, to return to the Navajo -country and devote himself for a considerable time entirely -to anthropologic studies among the people.</p> - -<p class="c000">He first visited the Navajo who dwell in the neighborhood -of the San Mateo mountains, the Tsotsildinè, or people of the -Great Peak, a local division or subtribe living much farther to -the east and having longer and more intimate associations with -Mexicans and Americans than the main body of the people. -While at this place, he ascended the peak of San Mateo, or -Mount Taylor, a mountain held sacred by the Navajo, to observe -the various places on the mountain mentioned in the -Navajo myths.</p> - -<p class="c000">Leaving San Mateo he proceeded to Fort Wingate, and -learning that one of the most important of the Navajo rites -was about to be celebrated at a place called Niqotlizi (Hard -Earth), north of Fort Wingate on the Navajo reservation, he repaired -thither without delay. The ceremony which he went to -witness was that of dsilyídje-qaçàl, or mountain chant. It is also -called Ilnasjingo-qaçàl, or chant in the dark circle of branches, -from the great corral of evergreens in which the public rites of -the last night are performed. It is known to the white men -who live among these Indians as the hoshkawn dance, from -one of the public dances of the last night, in which the Indian -jugglers pretend to grow and develop the hackàn, or <em>Yucca baccata</em>. -This last night's performance is varied and interesting -and all persons, including whites and Indians of other tribes, -are permitted to witness it; but previously, for several days, -mystic rites are celebrated in the medicine lodge, to the most -of which only the initiated are admitted. Dr. Matthews remained -ten days in the Indian camp at Niqotlizi, during which -time the shamans admitted him into their medicine lodge and -allowed him to observe their rites and practices.</p> - -<p class="c000">His most interesting discovery on this occasion was that of -their system of mythic dry paintings, by which they represent -<span class="pageno" id="Page_XL">XL</span>various legends or traditions with dry pigments on the sanded -floor of the medicine lodge. A full account of the ceremonies -and of the myth on which they are based was prepared by Dr. -Matthews and appeared in the Fifth Annual Report of this -Bureau.</p> - -<p class="c000">When the ceremony at Niqotlizi was over he proceeded to -a locality in Arizona called by the whites The Haystacks, -from the peculiar appearance of the rock formations there. -At The Haystacks another great ceremony, probably the second -in importance of the Navajo rites, was to take place. -Here he again encamped with the Indians and remained until -the work of the shamans was done.</p> - -<p class="c000">The ceremonial observances witnessed on this occasion are, -collectively, called by the Navajo Klèdji-qaçàl, or chant of the -night. They are called by the whites the Yàybichy dance, -from the name of the principal masked character, Yèbitcai or -Gebitcai, the granduncle of the gods. Like the hoshkawn -dance, it has several days of secret rites with elaborate symbolic -sand pictures and one night of public dances, less varied -and interesting than those of the hoshkawn. Dr. Matthews -was permitted to witness the whole performance and to take -as many notes and sketches as were necessary.</p> - -<p class="c000">From The Haystacks Dr. Matthews went to the Indian -agency at Fort Defiance, Arizona, where he secured the services -of one of the oldest and most learned (in their own peculiar -lore) of the Navajo priests, and from him he obtained full -explanations of all these rites and of the symbolism of the -pictures and masked characters, with a complete recital of the -long and elaborate myths on which the ceremonies depend, and -the texts and translations of the very numerous songs which -form the ritual of the ceremonies.</p> - -<h4 class="c013">WORK OF DR. H. C. YARROW.</h4> - -<p class="c014">Dr. H. C. Yarrow, acting assistant surgeon U. S. Army, -with the assistance of military details and supplies, in addition -to the instruction and facilities provided by this Bureau, -started, August 8, 1884, on an expedition into the Territory of -<span class="pageno" id="Page_XLI">XLI</span>Utah, with reference mainly to the exploration of burial mounds -and the study of mortuary customs.</p> - -<p class="c000">Near Choke Cherry Spring a burial cave was discovered, -containing the skeletons of three persons, which were secured. -Other skeletons, with contents of graves, were obtained near -Willow creek; also, an interesting specimen of tree burial.</p> - -<p class="c000">At Deep creek an explanation of the curious form of water -burial was gained from a chief of the Gosiats, to the effect that -the bodies of the turbulent and disorderly men of the tribe -were thus disposed of to prevent the spirits of these objectionable -persons from joining the rest of the tribe after death. -Their bodies were sunk in springs and marshy places and kept -down by sticks and stones, so that their spirits could never get -out.</p> - -<p class="c000">In the neighborhood of Fillmore a mound was excavated -which afforded an admirable example of the beforementioned -conversion of a dwelling into a sepulcher. The probability is -that the deceased died in his house, which was made of adobe -bricks, and that it was at once abandoned and the body left -therein, the roof being first removed. The corpse was placed -on the floor and covered with a paste of moist clay, on which -were placed the mortuary gifts of weapons, utensils, and food. -Cottonwood branches were then piled above and set on fire, -thus baking the clay crust and charring the several objects. -The whole structure had been covered, so that on first examination -the hard surface of burnt clay, 18 inches below the loose -earth, appeared to be the floor of a former dwelling.</p> - -<p class="c000">In the whole of the expedition, which continued into the -last days of September, much difficulty was experienced from -the suspicion and consequent hostility of the Indians of the -localities visited.</p> - -<h4 class="c013">WORK OF DR. W. J. HOFFMAN.</h4> - -<p class="c014">Dr. W. J. Hoffman proceeded early in August to Victoria, -B. C., where numerous sketches of Haida totem posts and -carvings were obtained, in connection with the myths which -they illustrated. At this locality attention was paid to the -<span class="pageno" id="Page_XLII">XLII</span>burial customs and osteologic remains of the nearly extinct -tribe of Songish Indians.</p> - -<p class="c000">At Port Townsend sketches were obtained of Thlinkit -ivory and wood carvings, clearly indicating the adoption by -that tribe of Haida art designs. Here, too, many Indians of -British-American tribes were met on their way south to work -in the Puyallup hop fields, notable among which was a large -number of Haida, whose persons were examined for the purpose -of copying the numerous and varied tattoo designs with which -they were profusely decorated. Interpretations of many of -these characters were obtained from the persons bearing them, -as well as from the chief artist of the tribe, together with concise -descriptions of the methods and customs in connection -with tattooing and the materials used. Drawings were made -of a collection of Eskimo pictographs and ivory carvings at -the museum of the Alaska Commercial Company and the California -Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, Cal.</p> - -<p class="c000">At Santa Barbara, Cal., Dr. Hoffman discovered some painted -pictographs and examined a number which have not yet been -published. In several private collections at this place were -found interesting relics of the Indians formerly inhabiting Santa -Cruz island, the most important of which was a steatite cup -containing earthy coloring matter and pricking instruments of -bone, which had evidently been used in tattooing. Painted -pictographs were also visited in the Azuza <span xml:lang="es" lang="es">cañon</span>, twenty-five -miles northeast of Los Angeles.</p> - -<p class="c000">At Tule Indian Agency, in the deep valleys on the western -slope of the Sierra Nevada, sketches of pictographs were -made in continuation of work accomplished there two years -before. Vocabularies were also obtained from the Waitchumni -Indians here located, as well as from the few remaining Santa -Barbara Indians at Cathedral Oaks, Santa Barbara county, -Cal. By far the greatest amount of pictographic material was -collected in Owen's valley, California, where series of petroglyphs -are scattered over an arid, sandy desert, the extremes -of which are more than twenty miles apart.</p> - -<div class="chapter"> - <span class="pageno" id="Page_XLIII">XLIII</span> - <h2 class="c005">OFFICE WORK.</h2> -</div> - -<p class="c012">The work upon a synonymy of the Indian tribes of North -America, which has been mentioned to some extent in former -reports, has been continued with increased energy.</p> - -<p class="c000">Every tribe of Indians of any size and importance has been -treated of by historians under a variety of names. The sources -of these different appellations are manifold. In very many -instances the names of tribes or other bodies of Indians communicated -by themselves have been imperfectly understood -and erroneously recorded; misspelled names and typographical -errors have been perpetuated.</p> - -<p class="c000">Traders, priests, and colonists have called the same tribes by -different names and the historian has often added to the confusion -by handing down these synonyms as the names of other -and different tribes. Not a few tribes well known under established -names have received new names upon a change of -residence, especially when they have removed to a great distance -or have coalesced or allied with other tribes. Added to -these and to other sources of confusion are the loose and dissimilar -applications of the terms clan, band, tribe, confederacy, -and league, the same term having been used with various meanings -by different authors.</p> - -<p class="c000">As a consequence the student of Indian languages and customs -finds himself in a tangle, as regards tribal names, which -it is beyond the power of the individual worker, unaided, to -unravel. The scope of the work in question includes the attempt -to trace the several names back to their sources and to -ascertain their original and proper application, to define their -meaning when possible, and to relegate each tribe under its -proper title to the linguistic family to which it belongs. In -the completion of this work the whole force of the Bureau assists.</p> - -<p class="c000">The need of a volume giving the results mentioned has long -been felt, and it is believed that it will prove to be one of the -most important contributions to the accurate study of Indian -history ever made. The classification of the languages of the -North American Indians is closely connected with the synonymy -<span class="pageno" id="Page_XLIV">XLIV</span>of tribal names, each work assisting the other. During -recent years the number of students who have directed their -attention more or less exclusively to the study of Indian languages -has been constantly augmented, and as a result of their -labors the number of vocabularies has been correspondingly increased; -hence the demand for a more comprehensive and satisfactory -classification than now exists.</p> - -<p class="c000">Prior to Gallatin's time little or nothing had been done in -the direction of a systematic classification of Indian languages. -In 1836 Gallatin issued his treatise in which he classified all -the languages which he was able to study by a direct comparison -of vocabularies. His classification was an immense -advance over anything previously done and has proved a boon -for scholars, having served, indeed, practically as the basis for -most of the work in the same line performed since his time. -No fixed rules of nomenclature, however, have ever been -adopted by linguistic writers, and authors have named and renamed -linguistic groups without regard to the names imposed -upon the same or similar groups by earlier writers. As a result -great confusion has followed not only respecting the status -of the various linguistic families, but also respecting the identity -of the languages which have served as a basis for the several -groups proposed. The remedy for this state of affairs is -the adoption, with strict adherence thereto, of a code of nomenclatural -rules similar in scope to those prevailing among -zoölogists.</p> - -<p class="c000">There would appear to be no good reason why the rule of -priority of name, for instance, should not be followed in linguistic -as well as in zoölogic classification, or why the same -beneficial result of fixity of nomenclature should not be expected -to result from the adoption of this rule in the one case as -in the other. Students who may attempt to unravel the many -perplexing nomenclatural problems arising from unnecessary -change of names will certainly agree that such a rule is no -less desirable in linguistics than in zoölogy.</p> - -<p class="c000">Accordingly, the rule of priority of name, within certain limitations, -together with some other rules, has been adopted by -the Bureau. These limitations and rules, together with a discussion -<span class="pageno" id="Page_XLV">XLV</span>of the subject, which would still be premature, may be -presented by the Director in his next annual report.</p> - -<p class="c000">Mr. <span class="sc">H. W. Henshaw</span>, when not in the field, was specially -engaged in the organization and details of the office work upon -tribal synonymy and linguistic classification above described. -A careful examination of all the literature pertaining to these -correlated subjects was necessary and also the preparation of -tentative tables of synonymy. He has prepared such tables -and made in connection with them a brief historical <span xml:lang="fr" lang="fr">résumé</span> of -the literature. Much longer time and the work of the whole -official force will, however, be needed for the completion for -publication of the results of this vast and complicated undertaking.</p> - -<p class="c000">Mrs. <span class="sc">Erminnie A. Smith</span> was occupied, while not engaged -in the field as reported above, in the revision for publication of -her Tuscarora dictionary, the material for which had been collected -during several years.</p> - -<p class="c000">Col. <span class="sc">Garrick Mallery</span> continued the collection and classification -of material on the two correlated subjects of sign language -and pictographs. His two preliminary papers on those -subjects have appeared in former annual reports. It is intended, -while increasing the data obtained from the Indian -tribes of North America, bearing upon these subjects, to supplement -and illustrate the mass of information collected from -those tribes by comparison with everything of a similar character -to be found in other parts of the world and to publish the -results of the collection and study in the form of monographs.</p> - -<p class="c000">Dr. W. J. Hoffman, when not in the field, continued to assist -in the work mentioned.</p> - -<p class="c000">Mr. <span class="sc">James C. Pilling's</span> preparation of the Bibliography of -North American Languages continued during the year. In -October and November he visited several libraries in Boston -and Providence, for the purpose of clearing up a number of -doubtful points. During the year pages 839-1135 were received -from the printer, which completed the volume. In the -spring a limited number of copies were struck off by the Public -Printer, and these have been sent to various libraries, public -institutions, and to individuals interested in the subject, for -<span class="pageno" id="Page_XLVI">XLVI</span>the purpose of obtaining additions and corrections, with the intention, -if these should prove to be numerous, of resetting the -matter.</p> - -<p class="c000">Mr. <span class="sc">Frank H. Cushing</span> was stationed at Washington at the -commencement of the fiscal year and was engaged in the -classification of his field material in preparation for its publication. -During the fall he completed a short paper on -Zuñi culture growth as evidenced by studies of Pueblo ceramics, -which was published in the Fourth Annual Report of -the Bureau. In this paper he maintains, with a large amount -of linguistic evidence, that the Zuñi culture is mainly autochthonous, -and that its growth, especially the growth of architectural, -agricultural, ceramic, and other arts and industries -pertaining to it, has been largely accomplished within the -desert areas of America which still form the habitat of the -Pueblo Indians, and probably, also, within a period more limited -than has usually been supposed essential to such development.</p> - -<p class="c000">He prepared also a paper on the "Ancient province of Cibola -and the seven lost cities," in which he not only identifies -the seven cities of Cibola above referred to with seven ruins -near the present Zuñi village, but also furnishes interesting -examples of the permanence of Indian tradition and of its value, -when properly used, as a factor, in ethnographic and historic -research.</p> - -<p class="c000">Among the later and perhaps more important results of his -studies during the year are investigations of the myths and -folk tales abundantly recorded by him during previous years -among the Zuñi.</p> - -<p class="c000">By the extended comparison which he is able to make between -these folk tales and myths, now first brought together -as a whole, and by the application to their study of the linguistic -method employed by him in the preparation of the two -papers already mentioned, he is able to trace the growth of -mere ideas or of primitive conceptions of natural or biotic phenomena -and of physical or animal function into the personæ -and incidents which go to make up myths, as well as to trace -the influence of these growths on the worship of the Zuñi.</p> - -<p class="c000"><span class="pageno" id="Page_XLVII">XLVII</span>Early in 1885 Mr. Cushing furnished the Director with a -schedule of his manuscript, notes, and sketches, and from an -examination of this it was deemed advisable that he should -continue putting his linguistic material into permanent shape, -in order that it might be used as a check on ensuing studies -of the sociology and mythology of the Zuñi, as well as for its -suggestive value towards the explanation of obscure passages -in those departments of study. This work had progressed -but little, however, when a severe illness necessitated its temporary -abandonment.</p> - -<p class="c000">Prof. <span class="sc">Cyrus Thomas</span>, in addition to his administrative duties -in charge of the division of mound exploration, was engaged -in preparing for publication the results of the operations of -that division. The constant arrangement, comparison, and -study of the material objects and facts ascertained required his -close application. He also commenced the paper presented -by him in this volume.</p> - -<p class="c000">Mr. <span class="sc">Victor Mindeleff</span>, in the first part of the fiscal year, -completed models of the seven villages of the ancient Province -of Tusayan, together with a relief model illustrating the topographical -character of the province. The model of Walpi, of -this series, was carried out in such a manner as to show on a -large scale the character of the rocky mesa on which the town -is built. Several types of cliff ruins were also modeled for -this series, among them the White House ruin of Cañon de -Chelly and the mummy cave of Cañon de la Muerte. After -August 1 this work was carried on under the supervision of -Mr. Cosmos Mindeleff, who also prepared a model of the great -Etowah mound from the data of Mr. V. Mindeleff's survey; he -also furnished several other examples of mounds, with sections, -under the direction of Prof. Cyrus Thomas. This work -was carried on without interruption until December 7, when -Mr. Cosmos Mindeleff was ordered to New Orleans, to take -charge of the combined exhibits of the U. S. Geological -Survey and the Bureau of Ethnology, and was instructed to -look after the proper installation of the same in the Government -building. He returned to Washington about February -1. During the ensuing four months the small force in the -<span class="pageno" id="Page_XLVIII">XLVIII</span>modeling room was engaged in making models of the ancient -pueblos of the Chaco, from the plans secured during the preceding -summer, as referred to in the report of field work. -This work continued until early June, when Mr. C. Mindeleff -was again ordered to New Orleans to take charge of the packing -and shipment of the exhibits of the Geological Survey and -Bureau of Ethnology for their return to Washington and for -the installation of a portion of the material at the Louisville -Exposition. During the interval from February 1 to June -15 Mr. Victor Mindeleff was engaged in the preparation of a -report on the architecture of the ancient provinces of Cibola -and Tusayan, together with the plans and diagrams necessary -for its illustration. This study was based on the large amount -of data that had been secured during former field seasons for -modeling purposes.</p> - -<p class="c000">Rev. <span class="sc">J. Owen Dorsey</span>, when not in the field, made nearly -10,000 entries for the Ȼegiha-English dictionary, and prepared -Ponka and Omaha native texts, with free and interlinear -translations, in addition to those found in part 1 of vol. 6, -Contributions to North American Ethnology. After December -1, 1884, he collated the following vocabularies obtained -by him in Oregon, viz: Takelma, Shasti, Applegate Creek, -Chastā Costa, Galice Creek, Mulluk, Siuslaw, Lower Umpqua, -Yaquina, Klikitat, and one on Smith River, California. He -also prepared a list of the villages obtained from the tribes at -the Siletz Agency, Oregon.</p> - -<p class="c000">Mr. <span class="sc">Albert S. Gatschet</span> was engaged at the beginning of -the fiscal year in revising and perfecting his grammar of the -Klamath language of southern Oregon. The phonology was -completed and stereotyped, extending from page 200 to 245. -He was engaged in correcting proofs of the subsequent section -on morphology when he proceeded to the Southwest, as elsewhere -reported, to investigate several languages spoken there, -the affinities of which had not before been ascertained.</p> - -<p class="c000">Mr. <span class="sc">W. H. Holmes</span>, as in previous years, has supervised the -illustrations of the Bureau publications. He also continued -his archæologic studies, chiefly in the department of ceramics, -the character of which is shown by his papers in this volume. -<span class="pageno" id="Page_XLIX">XLIX</span>He was in charge of the preparation of exhibits for the expositions -at New Orleans, Louisville, and Cincinnati; but, owing -to the pressure of other duties, much of this work was intrusted -to Mr. Cosmos Mindeleff, who was assisted materially by Mr. -Victor Mindeleff. The most important feature of the exhibits -consisted of models of plaster and <span xml:lang="fr" lang="fr">papier mâché</span> of the pueblo -towns and cliff houses of New Mexico and Arizona.</p> - -<p class="c000">Aside from the models, exhibits of ethnologic and archæologic -materials were made. A large and important collection -of objects of pueblo art was obtained by Mr. James Stevenson, -but much of it failed to reach Washington in time for exhibition -purposes, and a series of similar objects, already classified -and labeled, was selected from the National Museum and forwarded -to New Orleans. A valuable collection of the ancient -fictile products of Tusayan belonging to Mr. Thomas Keam -was also utilized in perfecting the exhibits of Pueblo art.</p> - -<p class="c000">Archæologic materials from other sections of the country -were placed on exhibition, notably a superb collection of prehistoric -relics from the province of Chiriqui, Panama, which -was purchased for the purpose.</p> - -<p class="c000">The collections of ethnologic and archæologic material made -during the year are of unusual importance and magnitude. -This is chiefly due to the facilities afforded by the New Orleans -Exposition fund, a liberal portion of which was devoted to the -collection and purchase of objects of permanent value to the -Government and to science. The collections made by Mr. -Stevenson in Zuñi and Acoma comprise upward of four thousand -pieces, chiefly objects of clay, but including other classes -of products. The collection of prehistoric relics obtained by -Mr. J. A. McNiel from the tombs of Chiriqui is one of the most -important and complete series of ancient American products to -be found in any country, and must prove of great value to students.</p> - -<p class="c000">Mr. Victor Mindeleff secured a small series of relics from -the ancient ruins of northern New Mexico and Arizona, and -Dr. H. C. Yarrow added some objects of archæologic and -ethnologic interest from central Utah. Mrs. Erminnie A. -Smith procured a number of articles of shell, illustrating the -<span class="pageno" id="Page_L">L</span>modern manufacture of wampum in New Jersey; a small collection -of fragmentary pottery from the eastern shore of Maryland -was presented by Mr. Joseph D. McGuire, of Ellicott -City; and Mr. Holmes secured a series of articles, including -arrowheads, shell implements, and pottery, from the island of -Nantucket. Mound explorations, conducted by Dr. Cyrus -Thomas, yielded a valuable series of objects of stone and clay. -An unusually interesting series of the earthen vessels of the -ancient pueblo races was secured by Mr. E. W. Nelson in eastern -central Arizona. The greater part of the abovementioned -material has already been catalogued and turned over to the -U. S. National Museum.</p> - -<p class="c000">Dr. <span class="sc">H. C. Yarrow</span>, acting assistant surgeon, U. S. Army, -besides his field explorations described, continued to collect -information relative to the mortuary customs of North American -Indians. Of the material gathered, a considerable portion -has been forwarded by various persons throughout the country -in answer to the circular sent out early in the last year, -but much has also been derived from the published works -on anthropologic subjects, including scientific journals and reports. -Numerous authorities have been consulted and much -time has been devoted to the consideration of the many theories -advanced to account for certain peculiar rites and customs.</p> - -<p class="c000">Mr. <span class="sc">Charles C. Royce</span> continued during the year the preparation -of a historical atlas of Indian cessions. The boundaries -of the various cessions of land by the different Indian tribes -were traced out and located upon the maps of the States and -Territories left uncompleted at the date of the last annual report. -All that remains to be done in completing the atlas for -publication is to transcribe, with considerable elaboration, the -historical and descriptive notes pertaining to the various cessions, -and to make, from the rough working sheets, legible -copies of the maps showing the boundaries of the cessions -within the States of California, Oregon, Nevada, and Texas -and the Territories of Washington, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, -Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, and Dakota. Most of these States -and Territories will each require two maps, showing respectively -<span class="pageno" id="Page_LI">LI</span>the primary and secondary cessions. The work will be -finished as rapidly as possible.</p> - -<div class="chapter"> - <h2 class="c005">ACCOMPANYING PAPERS.</h2> -</div> - -<p class="c012">The present volume contains papers the subject matter of -which may be classified under the grand divisions of Technology, -Philosophy, Sociology, and Ethnography.</p> - -<p class="c000">They are all prepared by experts of recognized authority -in their several lines of research and are illustrated to the degree -required by the text for full understanding, the number -of figures presented being 548, besides ten full page plates. -Special mention of each of these papers follows in their order -as printed.</p> - -<h3 class="c009">ANCIENT ART OF THE PROVINCE OF CHIRIQUI, COLOMBIA, BY<br />WILLIAM H. HOLMES.</h3> - -<p class="c014">The archæology of Chiriqui should be studied, not only for -comparison with that of the territory comprised in the present -political divisions of North America, but because geographically -the province should be considered as a part of the North -American continent. Until recently this isthmian region was -little known, the explorations for railroads and canals having -furnished the first valuable accounts of its modern inhabitants -and the relics left by former occupants.</p> - -<p class="c000">The National Museum now contains a large and precious -collection of archæologic material from the province, chiefly -obtained by Mr. J. A. McNiel during years of enthusiastic labor. -The information derived and the lessons to be learned -from this collection, together with all particulars relating thereto -gathered from other sources, are now presented in this paper -by Mr. W. H. Holmes. His work in the classification of the -immense number of objects and in the elucidation of their functions, -material, construction, forms, and decorations has been -careful and comprehensive. His manifest success has been -owing to his artistic insight and skill as well as to his archæologic -training. His ability in both fields can be appreciated -by an examination of the 287 illustrations in his paper, considered -<span class="pageno" id="Page_LII">LII</span>not only as to their number, but as to their instructive -arrangement in his text.</p> - -<p class="c000">The objects of ancient art found in Chiriqui are, as elsewhere -in North America, derived almost entirely from graves. -The cemeteries, apart from their contents and the mode of sepulture, -constitute in themselves topics of interest which are -discussed and illustrated in the paper. Another curious feature -is that the objects buried generally appear to have been manufactured -for mortuary purposes and not for use by the living. -A general review of the contents of the graves shows that the -ancient inhabitants were skillful in the manipulation of stone, -gold, copper, and clay, and tombs of undoubtedly great antiquity -yield evidence of long continued culture.</p> - -<p class="c000">It also appears that, while the art of the old peoples of the -isthmus can in some respects be connected with that of adjacent -regions in North America, in others it is remarkable for -individuality. Ornaments of stone were seldom used by them -and those of gold and copper were common. The articles of -gold which the graves have yielded in large quantities to explorers -during the last quarter of a century, and for which -only they have until recently been searched, have generally -been considered to be mere ornaments, but they probably had -a fetichistic origin.</p> - -<p class="c000">It is remarkable that no weapon, tool, or utensil of metal -has been noticed. The objects were generally formed by casting -in molds, which was done with considerable skill, and gilding, -or at least plating, was practiced. The art of alloying also -appears to have been understood.</p> - -<p class="c000">The use of metals does not appear early in the order of -technology, and an advanced degree of culture is generally -attained before the casting of any metal is attempted. Without -allowing too much weight to any argument based upon -the surprising skill of these people in plating and alloying, the -evidence of technical skill in general, together with the conceptions -embodied in their art, proves conclusively that it was -the product of a long period of experiment and progress.</p> - -<p class="c000">The pottery of Chiriqui is to be noted for the perfection of -its technique, its high specialization of form, and its conventional -<span class="pageno" id="Page_LIII">LIII</span>use of a wide range of decorative motives. Its forms -present many striking analogies to the wheel made ware of the -Mediterranean, regarded as classic.</p> - -<p class="c000">The mythologic stage of the builders of these graves is -shown by the fact that in their ceramic art there is no attempt -to render the human face or figure with accuracy. The personages -of their religious philosophy were zoömorphic and -some of their forms may be discerned by a skillful analyst in -or on all the ornaments and vessels. On each of the latter all -decorative devices and delineations have some reference to -the mythic creature associated with the vessel and its functions.</p> - -<p class="c000">Mr. Holmes has made an important discovery in the evolution -of decoration in Chiriqui from which are deduced instructive -generalizations of wide application. All the decorations originate -(doubtless under the influence of the stage reached in -mythologic philosophy) in life forms of animals, none being -vegetal. Coming from mythologic concepts they are significant -and ideographic, and coming from nature they are primarily -imitative and non-geometric. Nevertheless the agencies -of modification inherent in the practice of art through its mechanical -conditions are such that the animal forms early employed -have changed into conventional decorative devices, -among which are the meander, scroll, fret, chevron, and <span xml:lang="fr" lang="fr">guilloche</span>.</p> - -<p class="c000">That this was the course of evolution of the classic forms of -ornaments is not asserted; indeed, it is not necessary to form -such a hypothesis, as by the interacting principles, well classified -by Mr. Holmes, the course by which the same result was -accomplished may have been wholly diverse. It is, however, -shown that this was in all probability the particular and independent -course in one region of America, being in that respect -in distinct contrast to other art regions, such as that of the -Pueblos, where the rise of geometric figures through technologic -channels is equally obvious. It follows that in seeking -to divide peoples by the criteria of their decorative arts the -examination must embrace what is far more fundamental than -a mere comparison of their finished products: these may be -<span class="pageno" id="Page_LIV">LIV</span>and are markedly similar without any evidence of transmission, -and when in fact by deeper study the ascertained separate -courses of development preclude such transmission.</p> - -<h3 class="c009">A STUDY OF THE TEXTILE ART IN ITS RELATION TO THE<br />DEVELOPMENT OF FORM AND ORNAMENT, BY W. H. HOLMES.</h3> - -<p class="c014">For several years Mr. Holmes has been engaged in the study -of the ancient and existing art of the North American Indians, -and has published in the annual reports of this Bureau a number -of elaborate essays upon the art of specified peoples and -regions.</p> - -<p class="c000">In the present paper he submits the comprehensive results -of his studies in one great branch, the textile art, and treats -chiefly of its esthetic relations as distinct from those of construction -and function, so far as they can be separately discussed.</p> - -<p class="c000">He has been fortunate in the character of the material -studied. In America there is yet found a great body of primitive, -indigenous, and independent art, almost uncontaminated -by the complex phenomena, processes, and conditions which -elsewhere obscure its origin and development. To a knowledge -of American art acquired by long study Mr. Holmes -adds a mental equipment exceptionally qualifying him for its -philosophic discussion. His conclusions therefore, presented -with ample evidence and explained by illustrations, are to be -received as those of a recognized authority, although they may -disturb some sentimental and metaphysical fancies concerning -abstract beauty in form, color, and design.</p> - -<p class="c000">It is not contended that the earliest concepts of beauty originated -with textile art. On the contrary, it is probable that -the first esthetic attempts were in the line of personal decoration, -such as paints on the skin and pendants and feathers disposed -about the person. But as the textile art appears early -and widely in culture it is believed that the association of -esthetic concepts with it very generally preceded their association -with other arts. Having thus the start in the field, its -nature was full of suggestions of embellishment, while it was -fixed in its method of expression. The technique therefore -<span class="pageno" id="Page_LV">LV</span>shaped and directed the esthetic concept and became the parent -of much geometric ornament.</p> - -<p class="c000">Mr. Holmes gives an instructive analysis of the forces and -influences inherent in the textile art, the first lessons of which -are order, uniformity, and symmetry; he shows how the necessities -of technique determine ideas of the beautiful in linear -geometric forms and how taste in selecting certain ornaments -as the most beautiful is simply choosing that product which in -the evolution of art gave it character and power.</p> - -<p class="c000">The influence of textile ornament upon other forms of art, -such as architecture and sculpture, is discussed, as also the -manner in which extrinsic decorative elements are remodeled -in accordance with the rules of textile combination. The -paper, however, does not undertake to cover the whole field -of the development of form and ornament, being confined to -the relation of the textile art thereto, and similar studies in all -other grand divisions of art must be made before the relative -importance of all their forces and tendencies can be estimated. -But the laws of evolution in all art closely correspond, and the -present paper is eminently instructive to all students of the -esthetic.</p> - -<h3 class="c009">AIDS TO THE STUDY OF THE MAYA CODICES, BY CYRUS THOMAS.</h3> - -<p class="c014">That Prof. Cyrus Thomas has long been engaged in the examination -of the few Maya records in existence is known from -his former works, "A study of the Manuscript Troano" and -"Notes on certain Maya and Mexican manuscripts," both published -by the Bureau of Ethnology.</p> - -<p class="c000">The object of the present paper is to give information of -some original discoveries and to present some explanations not -brought forward by Professor Thomas in his former papers.</p> - -<p class="c000">The records of Maya and Mexico yet challenge students -with unsolved problems similar to those which in the writings -of Egypt and Assyria have perplexed so many generations. -The translation of the paleographic literature of this continent -may be expected to throw light on the past of America, in some -degree reproducing the brilliant result which has attended the -translation of the hieroglyphs of the eastern hemisphere. Long -<span class="pageno" id="Page_LVI">LVI</span>and laborious comparisons, together with the trial of successive -hypotheses, will be necessary to the decipherment of our -aboriginal manuscripts, and but few competent persons are -actively engaged in the work. It becomes, therefore, the duty -of any one whose discoveries tend to clear up even minor -points of the great problem to furnish them to his fellow -laborers, and thereby limit the remaining field of investigation. -In this paper Professor Thomas supplements his former work.</p> - -<h3 class="c009">OSAGE TRADITIONS, BY REV. J. OWEN DORSEY.</h3> - -<p class="c014">This paper contains an account of a secret society of seven -degrees, still existing among the Osage, in which the traditions -of the people have been preserved. The author, by his skill -and personal influence, has obtained and now furnishes two of -these traditions in the original language, with an interlinear -and a free translation of each and with explanatory remarks.</p> - -<p class="c000">The traditions are both cosmologic and sociologic, and are -admirable examples of Indian philosophy. The existence of -secret associations, periodically celebrating religious mysteries, -and of shamanistic orders, which, by ceremonies, pictographs, -and chants, have preserved in more or less purity the traditions -of their ancestors, has been vaguely known for some -years, but until lately no accurate or indeed intelligent account -of them has been secured.</p> - -<p class="c000">The exertions of several of the officers of this Bureau have -been successful in obtaining full details and clear explanations -both of the traditions and the ceremonials of several of the -Indian tribes, notably those of the Zuñi and the Navajo, published -in former annual reports. The present paper by Mr. -Dorsey takes an important place in this new collection of materials -for the study of Indian philosophy, from which valuable -results have been already acquired.</p> - -<h3 class="c009">THE CENTRAL ESKIMO, BY DR. FRANZ BOAS.</h3> - -<p class="c014">For the express purpose of personal exploration and examination, -the author of this important paper spent a considerable -time in the region of which he treats. His course of travel -<span class="pageno" id="Page_LVII">LVII</span>was to Cumberland sound and Davis strait. The grand division -of the Eskimauan linguistic family, inhabiting nearly -the whole range of the Arctic-American coast, which has been -classed as Central Eskimo, occupies the northeastern part of -the continent and the eastern islands of the Arctic-American -archipelago. It inhabits, at Smith sound, the most northern -countries in which man has been known to dwell. Its southern -and western boundaries are about Fort Churchill, the middle -part of Back river, and the coast west of Adelaide peninsula.</p> - -<p class="c000">Dr. Boas gives an admirable account of the topography of -the region and of the distribution, tribal divisions, and numbers -of the inhabitants. His work is replete with valuable -statements in minute detail and with acute suggestions regarding -their habits and customs. Their peculiar and ingenious -weapons, implements, and utensils are fully described and -illustrated. His account of their religious practices and beliefs, -supplemented by translations of their myths and legends, -is equally entertaining and instructive.</p> - -<p class="c000">In connection with his observations made through original -research, Dr. Boas presents the result of a close study and -analysis of the work of former explorers in this field, by which -his contribution to the study of this interesting hyperborean -people will command additional attention.</p> - -<div class="chapter"> - <span class="pageno" id="Page_LVIII">LVIII</span> - <h2 class="c005">FINANCIAL STATEMENT.</h2> -</div> - -<div class="nf-center-c1"> -<div class="nf-center c002"> - <div><em>Table showing amounts appropriated and expended for North American ethnology for the</em></div> - <div><em>fiscal year ending June 30, 1885.</em></div> - </div> -</div> - -<table class="table3" summary="FINANCIAL STATEMENT."> -<colgroup> -<col width="2%" /> -<col width="58%" /> -<col width="19%" /> -<col width="19%" /> -</colgroup> - <tbody><tr> - <th class="btt bbt brt c015" colspan="2">Expenses.</th> - <th class="btt bbt brt c015">Amounts expended.</th> - <th class="btt bbt c015">Amount appropriated.</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c016">A.</td> - <td class="brt c017">Services</td> - <td class="brt c018">$30,433.55</td> - <td class="c018"> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c016">B.</td> - <td class="brt c017">Traveling expenses</td> - <td class="brt c018">3,716.14</td> - <td class="c018"> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c016">C.</td> - <td class="brt c017">Transportation of property</td> - <td class="brt c018">354.12</td> - <td class="c018"> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c016">D.</td> - <td class="brt c017">Field subsistence</td> - <td class="brt c018">198.42</td> - <td class="c018"> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c016">E.</td> - <td class="brt c017">Field supplies and expenses</td> - <td class="brt c018">535.45</td> - <td class="c018"> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c016">F.</td> - <td class="brt c017">Field material</td> - <td class="brt c018">197.71</td> - <td class="c018"> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c016">G.</td> - <td class="brt c017">Instruments</td> - <td class="brt c018">49.25</td> - <td class="c018"> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c016">H.</td> - <td class="brt c017">Modeling material</td> - <td class="brt c018">40.11</td> - <td class="c018"> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c016">I.</td> - <td class="brt c017">Photographic material</td> - <td class="brt c018">306.71</td> - <td class="c018"> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c016">K.</td> - <td class="brt c017">Books and maps</td> - <td class="brt c018">355.85</td> - <td class="c018"> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c016">L.</td> - <td class="brt c017">Stationery and drawing material</td> - <td class="brt c018">15.70</td> - <td class="c018"> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c016">M.</td> - <td class="brt c017">Illustrations for reports</td> - <td class="brt c018">668.64</td> - <td class="c018"> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c016">N.</td> - <td class="brt c017">Articles for distribution to Indians</td> - <td class="brt c018">23.69</td> - <td class="c018"> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c016">O.</td> - <td class="brt c017">Office furniture</td> - <td class="brt c018">59.67</td> - <td class="c018"> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c016">P.</td> - <td class="brt c017">Office supplies and repairs</td> - <td class="brt c018">36.61</td> - <td class="c018"> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c016">Q.</td> - <td class="brt c017">Manuscripts</td> - <td class="brt c018">395.00</td> - <td class="c018"> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c016">R.</td> - <td class="brt c017">Correspondence</td> - <td class="brt c018">15.43</td> - <td class="c018"> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c016">S.</td> - <td class="brt c017">Specimens</td> - <td class="brt c018">71.00</td> - <td class="c018"> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c016">T.</td> - <td class="brt c017">Collection of material for classification of the Indians in the United States</td> - <td class="brt c018">1,326.61</td> - <td class="c018"> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="bbt c016"> </td> - <td class="bbt brt c017"> Balance on hand to meet outstanding liabilities</td> - <td class="bbt brt c018">1,200.34</td> - <td class="bbt c018"> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="bbt c016"> </td> - <td class="bbt brt c017"> </td> - <td class="bbt brt c018">40,000.00</td> - <td class="bbt c018">$40,000.00</td> - </tr> -</tbody></table> - -<div class="chapter"> - <span class="pageno" id="Page_LIX">LIX</span> - <h2 class="c005">ACCOMPANYING PAPERS.</h2> -</div> - -<div class="chapter"> - <span class="pageno" id="Page_671">671</span> - <h2 class="c005">INDEX.</h2> -</div> - -<table class="table4" summary="INDEX."> -<colgroup> -<col width="80%" /> -<col width="20%" /> -</colgroup> - <tbody><tr><th class="c019" colspan="2">A.</th></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <th class="c007"></th> - <th class="c008">Page.</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Acoma, collections of J. Stevenson from</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLIX">XLIX</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Adelung, J. C., cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_262">262</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Adlet and Qadlunait, origin of the</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_637">637</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Adlet or Erqigdlit</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_640">640</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Aggomiut Eskimo tribe, situation and subdivisions of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_442">442</a>-444</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Aglio, Augustina, fac simile of Dresden Codex by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_263">263</a>-266</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Agutit Eskimo tribe, situation of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_450">450</a>, <a href="#Page_451">451</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Aivillirmiut Eskimo tribe, situation of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_445">445</a>-450</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Akudnirmiut Eskimo tribe, situation of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_440">440</a>-442</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Akuliarmiut Eskimo tribe, situation of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_421">421</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Alaskan Indians, illustration of ornamentation by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_199">199</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Alligator, utilization of, in Chiriquian art</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_130">130</a>-140, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a>-176, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">American Museum of Natural History, acknowledgments to</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_409">409</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[American Museum of Natural History], figured specimens from</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_472">472</a>, <a href="#Page_517">517</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Ancient art of the province of Chiriqui, paper by W. H. Holmes on</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_13">13</a>-187</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Ancon, Peru, examples of ornamentation from graves at</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_212">212</a>, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Anderson and Stewart, cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_458">458</a>, <a href="#Page_459">459</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Apache, illustrations of ornamentation by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_198">198</a>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>, <a href="#Page_223">223</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Ardnainiq, fabulous tribe in Eskimo tradition</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_640">640</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Arrowpoints and spearheads of Chiriqui</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_34">34</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><th class="c019" colspan="2">B.</th></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Back, cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_485">485</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Baffin Land, description of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_415">415</a>, <a href="#Page_416">416</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Baffin Land], distribution of tribes in</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_421">421</a>-444</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Baffin Land], traditions of, with comparisons</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_641">641</a>-643</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Balboa, ornaments captured by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_35">35</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie etc., Verhandlungen der, cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_409">409</a>, <a href="#Page_616">616</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Bessels, Emil, cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_412">412</a>, <a href="#Page_460">460</a>, <a href="#Page_486">486</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Bibliography of the Languages of the North American Indians</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXIV">XXIV</a>-XXVI</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Bickford, F. T., field work of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXVIII">XXVIII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Bill Nix (W. P. Matthews), Osage traditions dictated by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_377">377</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Black incised group of Chiriquian pottery</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_80">80</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Boas, F., remarks on paper respecting Central Eskimo by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_LVI">LVI</a>, <a href="#Page_LVII">LVII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Boas, F.], paper on Central Eskimo by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_399">399</a>-669</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Bollaert, W., cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Boothia Felix and Back River, tribes of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_452">452</a>-459</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Böttiger, C. A., mention of Dresden Codex by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_262">262</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Böttiger, C. A.], controversy with Abert concerning Dresden Codex</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_267">267</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Brasseur, copy of the Manuscript Troano by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_284">284</a>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Brasseur], cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_350">350</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">British Guiana Indians, illustrations of ornamentation by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_217">217</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><th class="c019" colspan="2">C.</th></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Calendar system, tabular view of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_270">270</a>-274</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Castillo del Oro, name given by Columbus to Chiriqui</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_35">35</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Ȼegiha-English dictionary</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLVIII">XLVIII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Celts, collection of, from Chiriqui</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_29">29</a>-34</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Central Eskimo, remarks on paper of F. Boas on</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_LVI">LVI</a>, <a href="#Page_LVII">LVII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Central Eskimo], paper on, by F. Boas</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_399">399</a>-669</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Charency, H. de, cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_282">282</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Chimu, Peru, ornamentation of "hall of arabesques" at</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_251">251</a>, <a href="#Page_252">252</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Chiriqui, collections from tombs at</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLIX">XLIX</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Chiriqui], ancient art of the province of, by W. H. Holmes</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_13">13</a>-187</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Cibola, identification of ancient cities of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLVI">XLVI</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Clallam Indians, illustrations of ornamentation by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_207">207</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Codex Cortesianus, similarity of, to Manuscript Troano and Dresden Codex</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_286">286</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Collinson, cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_503">503</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Color in textile art</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_201">201</a>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Color phenomena in textile ornament</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_215">215</a>-232</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Comanche Indians, linguistic work of A. S. Gatschet among</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXXIV">XXXIV</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Costa Rica, origin of name of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_35">35</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Cranz, D., cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_412">412</a>, <a href="#Page_586">586</a>, <a href="#Page_590">590</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Cumberland Sound, description of settlements of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_428">428</a>-440</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Curtin, J., linguistic field work of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXXVII">XXXVII</a>, <a href="#Page_XXXVIII">XXXVIII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Cushing, F. H., office work of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLVI">XLVI</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><th class="c019" colspan="2">D.</th></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Dakota, organization of the</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_396">396</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Darien, capture of, by Balboa</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_35">35</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Davis Strait Indian tribes, snow houses of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_541">541</a>-544</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Dease and Simpson, cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_458">458</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">De Zeltner, A. See Zeltner, A. de. Diller, J. S., acknowledgment to</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <em>note</em></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Dogs and sledges of Eskimo</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_529">529</a>-538</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"><span class="pageno" id="Page_672">672</span>Dorsey, J. O., linguistic field work of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXXVI">XXXVI</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Dorsey, J. O.], office work of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLVIII">XLVIII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Dorsey, J. O.], remarks on paper respecting Osage traditions by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_LV">LV</a>, <a href="#Page_LVI">LVI</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Dorsey, J. O.], paper by, on Osage tradition</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_373">373</a>-397</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Dresden Codex, numerals in</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_261">261</a>-338</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Drums of ancient Chiriqui</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_157">157</a>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><th class="c019" colspan="2">E.</th></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Ebert, F. A., description of Dresden Codex by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_263">263</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Ebert, F. A.], controversy with Böttiger concerning Dresden Codex</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_267">267</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Eenoolooapik, cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_410">410</a>, <a href="#Page_425">425</a>, <a href="#Page_464">464</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Egede, H., cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_412">412</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">El Dorado, origin of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_35">35</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Ellesmere Land, natives of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_459">459</a>, <a href="#Page_460">460</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Emigration of the Sagdlirmiut</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_616">616</a>-620</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Emmert, J. W., field work of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXVI">XXVI</a>, <a href="#Page_XXVII">XXVII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Erdmann, F., cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_412">412</a>, <a href="#Page_597">597</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Eskimo, the Central, by F. Boas</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_399">399</a>-669</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><th class="c019" colspan="2">F.</th></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Falkenstein, K. C., preservation of Dresden Codex by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_268">268</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Field work</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXVI">XXVI</a>-XLII</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Figurines of Chiriquian art</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_151">151</a>-153</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Fillmore, exhumation of sepulcher at</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLI">XLI</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Financial statement</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_LVIII">LVIII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class="c019" colspan="2">Fishing, Eskimo methods, of 513-516</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Fleischer, H. L., mention of Dresden Codex by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_263">263</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Flight to the moon</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_598">598</a>, <a href="#Page_599">599</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Form in textile art and its relation to ornament, with illustrations from Indian work</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_196">196</a>-201</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Förstemann, E., citation from Die Mayahandschrift of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_261">261</a>-269</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Förstemann, E.], cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_272">272</a>, <a href="#Page_278">278</a>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>, <a href="#Page_283">283</a>, <a href="#Page_290">290</a>, <a href="#Page_292">292</a>, <a href="#Page_293">293</a>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a>, <a href="#Page_301">301</a>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a>, <a href="#Page_303">303</a>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a>, <a href="#Page_305">305</a>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>, <a href="#Page_322">322</a>, <a href="#Page_329">329</a>, <a href="#Page_330">330</a>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Fowke, G., field work of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXVI">XXVI</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Frobisher, M., cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_410">410</a>, <a href="#Page_469">469</a>, <a href="#Page_558">558</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Frobisher Bay, use of, by Eskimo</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_423">423</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><th class="c019" colspan="2">G.</th></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Gallatin, A., mention of classification of Indian languages by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLIV">XLIV</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Garlic, C. A., field work of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXIX">XXIX</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Gatschet, A. S., linguistic field work of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXXIII">XXXIII</a>-XXXVI</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Gatschet, A. S.], office work of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLVIII">XLVIII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Geography, Eskimo knowledge of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_643">643</a>-647</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Geometric design, relations of, to textile ornament</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_202">202</a>-244</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Gilder, W. H., cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_411">411</a>, <a href="#Page_456">456</a>, <a href="#Page_457">457</a>, <a href="#Page_458">458</a>, <a href="#Page_459">459</a>, <a href="#Page_466">466</a>, <a href="#Page_498">498</a>, <a href="#Page_522">522</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Glossary of Eskimo terms</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_663">663</a>-669</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Gordon, A. R., cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_412">412</a>, <a href="#Page_463">463</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Gosiats, water burial among</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLI">XLI</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Götze, J. C., preservation of Dresden Codex by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_261">261</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Götze, J. C.], biographical sketch of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_261">261</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><th class="c019" colspan="2">H.</th></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Haida Indians, art among</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLI">XLI</a>, <a href="#Page_XLII">XLII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Hall, C. F., acknowledgments to</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_409">409</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Hall, C. F.], cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_411">411</a>, <a href="#Page_422">422</a>, <a href="#Page_432">432</a>, <a href="#Page_442">442</a>, <a href="#Page_443">443</a>, <a href="#Page_444">444</a>, <a href="#Page_445">445</a>, <a href="#Page_446">446</a>, <a href="#Page_447">447</a>, <a href="#Page_448">448</a>, <a href="#Page_449">449</a>, <a href="#Page_450">450</a>, <a href="#Page_452">452</a>, <a href="#Page_456">456</a>, <a href="#Page_457">457</a>, <a href="#Page_459">459</a>, <a href="#Page_462">462</a>, <a href="#Page_463">463</a>, <a href="#Page_464">464</a>, <a href="#Page_486">486</a>, <a href="#Page_499">499</a>, <a href="#Page_503">503</a>, <a href="#Page_509">509</a>, <a href="#Page_547">547</a>, <a href="#Page_578">578</a>, <a href="#Page_583">583</a>, <a href="#Page_589">589</a>, <a href="#Page_594">594</a>, <a href="#Page_595">595</a>, <a href="#Page_596">596</a>, <a href="#Page_601">601</a>, <a href="#Page_602">602</a>, <a href="#Page_606">606</a>, <a href="#Page_607">607</a>, <a href="#Page_608">608</a>, <a href="#Page_611">611</a>, <a href="#Page_614">614</a>, <a href="#Page_615">615</a>, <a href="#Page_639">639</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Hallock, W., on Chiriquian methods of casting</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_38">38</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Handled group of Chiriquian pottery</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_90">90</a>-97</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Harpoons of Eskimo, mode of constructing</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_489">489</a>-494</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Henshaw, H. W., linguistic field work of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXXI">XXXI</a>-XXXIII</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Henshaw, H. W.], office work of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLV">XLV</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Herrera, cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_35">35</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Hewett, J. N. B., field work of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXX">XXX</a>, <a href="#Page_XXXI">XXXI</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Hoffman, W. J., field work of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLI">XLI</a>, <a href="#Page_XLII">XLII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Hoffman, W. J.], office work of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLV">XLV</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Holmes, W. H., office work of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLVIII">XLVIII</a>, <a href="#Page_XLIX">XLIX</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Holmes, W. H.], abstract of paper on ancient art of the province of Chiriqui by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_LI">LI</a>-LIV</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Holmes, W. H.], abstract of paper on textile art in its relation to the development of form and ornament by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_LIV">LIV</a>, <a href="#Page_LV">LV</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Holmes, W. H.], paper by, on ancient art of the province of Chiriqui</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_13">13</a>-187</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Holmes, W. H.], paper by, on textile art in its relation to the development of form and ornament</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_189">189</a>-252</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Huacals, exploration of, in Chiriqui</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Hudson Bay, tribes of western shore of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_444">444</a>-452</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Hudson Bay district, geographic description of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_414">414</a>-418</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Hudson Bay Indians, snow houses of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_547">547</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Humboldt, A. von, notice of Dresden Codex by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_262">262</a>, <a href="#Page_263">263</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Hunting, Eskimo methods of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_471">471</a>-513</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><th class="c019" colspan="2">I.</th></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Igdlumiut Eskimo tribe, situation of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_463">463</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Igdlungajung, fabulous tribe in Eskimo tradition</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_640">640</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Igimarasugdjuqdjuaq the cannibal</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_633">633</a>, <a href="#Page_634">634</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Iglulik Eskimo tribe, snow houses of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_546">546</a>, <a href="#Page_547">547</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Iglulirmiut Eskimo tribe, situation of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_444">444</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Ijirang, fabulous people in Eskimo tradition</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_640">640</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Indian tribes, synonymy of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLIII">XLIII</a>-XLV</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Inuarudligang, fabulous tribe in Eskimo tradition</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_640">640</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Inugpaqdjuqdjualung</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_638">638</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Inuit race, divisions of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_420">420</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Iowa, secret society among</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_396">396</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class="c019" colspan="2">Ititaujang; 615-618</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Itivimiut Eskimo tribe, situation of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_463">463</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><th class="c019" colspan="2">J.</th></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Jones, Mrs. J. A., Onondaga manuscript of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXXI">XXXI</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><th class="c019" colspan="2">K.</th></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Kadlu the thunderer</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_600">600</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Kaiowē language, researches of A. S. Gatschet respecting</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXXIV">XXXIV</a>, <a href="#Page_XXXV">XXXV</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Kalopaling</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_620">620</a>, <a href="#Page_621">621</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"><span class="pageno" id="Page_673">673</span>Kangivamiut Eskimo tribe, situation of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_463">463</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Kansa, secret society among</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_396">396</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Kayak, construction of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_486">486</a>-489</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Keam, T., Tusayan products collected by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLIX">XLIX</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Kingnaitmiut Eskimo tribe, situation of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_424">424</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Kingsborough, Lord, Dresden Codex copied by order of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_262">262</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Kingsborough, Lord], Mexican Antiquities of, cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_266">266</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Kinipetu or Agutit Eskimo tribe, situation of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_450">450</a>, <a href="#Page_451">451</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Kiviung</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_621">621</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Klamath Indians, illustrations of ornamentation by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_208">208</a>, <a href="#Page_209">209</a>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Klamath language, work by A. S. Gatschet on grammar of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLVIII">XLVIII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Kleinschmidt, Eskimo orthography of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_413">413</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Klutschak, H. W., cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_411">411</a>, <a href="#Page_448">448</a>, <a href="#Page_449">449</a>, <a href="#Page_451">451</a>, <a href="#Page_457">457</a>, <a href="#Page_458">458</a>, <a href="#Page_459">459</a>, <a href="#Page_466">466</a>, <a href="#Page_502">502</a>, <a href="#Page_509">509</a>, <a href="#Page_510">510</a>, <a href="#Page_516">516</a>, <a href="#Page_552">552</a>, <a href="#Page_553">553</a>, <a href="#Page_570">570</a>, <a href="#Page_582">582</a>, <a href="#Page_595">595</a>, <a href="#Page_596">596</a>, <a href="#Page_614">614</a>, <a href="#Page_615">615</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Kouksoarmiut Eskimo tribe, situation of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_463">463</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Kumlien, L., acknowledgments to</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_409">409</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Kumlien, L.], cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_412">412</a>, <a href="#Page_471">471</a>, <a href="#Page_474">474</a>, <a href="#Page_475">475</a>, <a href="#Page_482">482</a>, <a href="#Page_483">483</a>, <a href="#Page_524">524</a>, <a href="#Page_549">549</a>, <a href="#Page_550">550</a>, <a href="#Page_567">567</a>, <a href="#Page_589">589</a>, <a href="#Page_596">596</a>, <a href="#Page_606">606</a>, <a href="#Page_607">607</a>, <a href="#Page_610">610</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Kunz, G. F., on use of insects as models in casting metals</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_38">38</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Kunz, G. F.], on Chiriquian methods of plating</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_39">39</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><th class="c019" colspan="2">L.</th></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">La Fort, D., Onondaga manuscript of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXXI">XXXI</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Landa, cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_348">348</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Landa's alphabet, insufficiency of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_259">259</a>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Lepsius, cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_418">418</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Lipan Indians, linguistic work of A. S. Gatschet among</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXXIII">XXXIII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">"Lost color" of Chiriquian art, nature of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_86">86</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Lost color group of Chiriquian pottery</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_113">113</a>-130</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Lyon, G. F., cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_410">410</a>, <a href="#Page_451">451</a>, <a href="#Page_463">463</a>, <a href="#Page_487">487</a>, <a href="#Page_497">497</a>, <a href="#Page_511">511</a>, <a href="#Page_579">579</a>, <a href="#Page_585">585</a>, <a href="#Page_586">586</a>, <a href="#Page_587">587</a>, <a href="#Page_588">588</a>, <a href="#Page_589">589</a>, <a href="#Page_590">590</a>, <a href="#Page_592">592</a>, <a href="#Page_593">593</a>, <a href="#Page_610">610</a>, <a href="#Page_612">612</a>, <a href="#Page_613">613</a>, <a href="#Page_614">614</a>, <a href="#Page_615">615</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><th class="c019" colspan="2">M.</th></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">M'Donald, A., cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_410">410</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">McGuire, J. D., collections of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_L">L</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Maclean, J. P., field work of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXVII">XXVII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">M'Clintock, Captain, cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_411">411</a>, <a href="#Page_455">455</a>, <a href="#Page_456">456</a>, <a href="#Page_458">458</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">McCloud River Indians, illustrations of ornamentation by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_221">221</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">McNiel, J. A., collection of relics from tombs of Chiriqui by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLIX">XLIX</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[McNiel, J. A.], archæologic work of, in Chiriqui</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[McNiel, J. A.], cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Mallery, G., office work of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLV">XLV</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Manufactures, Eskimo</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_516">516</a>-526</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Manuscript Troano, copy of, by Brasseur</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_285">285</a>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Manuscript Troano], study of, by C. Thomas, cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_339">339</a>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a>, <a href="#Page_350">350</a>, <a href="#Page_365">365</a>, <a href="#Page_366">366</a>, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Maroon group of Chiriquian pottery</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_107">107</a>-109</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Mason, O. T., acknowledgments to</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_409">409</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Matthews, W., field work of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXXVIII">XXXVIII</a>-XL</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Matthews, W. P. (Bill Nix), Osage traditions dictated by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_377">377</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Maya and Mexican manuscripts, C. Thomas on, cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_280">280</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Maya Codices, aids to the study of, by C. Thomas</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_253">253</a>-371</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Mealing stones of Chiriqui</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_25">25</a>-27</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Merritt, J. K., cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Merritt, J. K.], exploration of Bugaba cemetery by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Metates of Chiriqui, nature and use of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_25">25</a>-27</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Mexican Antiquities, by Lord Kingsborough, cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_266">266</a>, <a href="#Page_267">267</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Middleton, J. D., field work of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXVI">XXVI</a>-XXVIII</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Mindeleff, C., office work of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLVII">XLVII</a>, <a href="#Page_XLVIII">XLVIII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Mindeleff, V., field work of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXIX">XXIX</a>, <a href="#Page_XXX">XXX</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Mindeleff, V.], office work of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLVII">XLVII</a>, <a href="#Page_XLVIII">XLVIII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Mindeleff, V.], collections of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLIX">XLIX</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Mintzer, W., acknowledgments to</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_409">409</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Modoc Indians, linguistic work among</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXXVI">XXXVI</a>, <a href="#Page_XXXVII">XXXVII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Moki, illustrations of ornamentation by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_197">197</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>, <a href="#Page_224">224</a>, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>, <a href="#Page_240">240</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Moravian missionaries, cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_463">463</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Mound explorations, field work on</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXVI">XXVI</a>-XXVIII</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Mountain chant of Navajo Indians</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXXIX">XXXIX</a>, <a href="#Page_XL">XL</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Museum für Völkerkunde, Berlin, acknowledgments to</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_409">409</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Museum für Völkerkunde, Berlin], figured specimens from</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_472">472</a>, <a href="#Page_473">473</a>, <a href="#Page_474">474</a>, <a href="#Page_477">477</a>, <a href="#Page_479">479</a>, <a href="#Page_480">480</a>, <a href="#Page_481">481</a>, <a href="#Page_483">483</a>, <a href="#Page_486">486</a>, <a href="#Page_487">487</a>, <a href="#Page_488">488</a>, <a href="#Page_496">496</a>, <a href="#Page_508">508</a>, <a href="#Page_513">513</a>, <a href="#Page_514">514</a>, <a href="#Page_515">515</a>, <a href="#Page_518">518</a>, <a href="#Page_519">519</a>, <a href="#Page_520">520</a>, <a href="#Page_523">523</a>, <a href="#Page_531">531</a>, <a href="#Page_532">532</a>, <a href="#Page_554">554</a>, <a href="#Page_555">555</a>, <a href="#Page_556">556</a>, <a href="#Page_557">557</a>, <a href="#Page_565">565</a>, <a href="#Page_566">566</a>, <a href="#Page_567">567</a>, <a href="#Page_568">568</a>, <a href="#Page_569">569</a>, <a href="#Page_570">570</a>, <a href="#Page_571">571</a>, <a href="#Page_576">576</a>, <a href="#Page_613">613</a>, <a href="#Page_634">634</a>, <a href="#Page_644">644</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Music and poetry of the Eskimo</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_648">648</a>-658</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><th class="c019" colspan="2">N.</th></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Nadaillac, Marquis, cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Nadaillac, Marquis], on Chiriquian methods of casting</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_38">38</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Na-ishi Apache Indians, linguistic work among</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXXV">XXXV</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Narwhal, origin of the</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_625">625</a>-627</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">National Museum, acknowledgments to</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_409">409</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[National Museum], figured specimens from</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_474">474</a>, <a href="#Page_479">479</a>, <a href="#Page_480">480</a>, <a href="#Page_481">481</a>, <a href="#Page_487">487</a>, <a href="#Page_488">488</a>, <a href="#Page_489">489</a>, <a href="#Page_490">490</a>, <a href="#Page_492">492</a>, <a href="#Page_493">493</a>, <a href="#Page_494">494</a>, <a href="#Page_495">495</a>, <a href="#Page_496">496</a>, <a href="#Page_502">502</a>, <a href="#Page_503">503</a>, <a href="#Page_504">504</a>, <a href="#Page_505">505</a>, <a href="#Page_506">506</a>, <a href="#Page_507">507</a>, <a href="#Page_512">512</a>, <a href="#Page_513">513</a>, <a href="#Page_515">515</a>, <a href="#Page_516">516</a>, <a href="#Page_518">518</a>, <a href="#Page_521">521</a>, <a href="#Page_522">522</a>, <a href="#Page_523">523</a>, <a href="#Page_524">524</a>, <a href="#Page_525">525</a>, <a href="#Page_526">526</a>, <a href="#Page_530">530</a>, <a href="#Page_531">531</a>, <a href="#Page_532">532</a>, <a href="#Page_535">535</a>, <a href="#Page_539">539</a>, <a href="#Page_555">555</a>, <a href="#Page_556">556</a>, <a href="#Page_559">559</a>, <a href="#Page_560">560</a>, <a href="#Page_563">563</a>, <a href="#Page_565">565</a>, <a href="#Page_566">566</a>, <a href="#Page_576">576</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Navajo Indians, field work of W. Matthews among</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXXVIII">XXXVIII</a>-XL</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Navigation, Eskimo proficiency in</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_643">643</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Needlecases (?) of Chiriqui</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_150">150</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Nelson, E. W., collection of earthen vessels from eastern central Arizona by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_L">L</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Netchillirmiut Eskimo tribe, situation of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_452">452</a>-458</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">New Granada, burial customs in</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Niqotlizi, ceremonies at</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXXIX">XXXIX</a>, <a href="#Page_XL">XL</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Norris, P. W., field work and death of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXVI">XXVI</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Northeastern America, geography of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_414">414</a>-418</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">North Greenlanders</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_460">460</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Northwest Coast Indians, illustrations of ornamentation by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_213">213</a>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>, <a href="#Page_230">230</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Nourse, cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_452">452</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Nugumiut Eskimo tribe, situation of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_424">424</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><th class="c019" colspan="2">O.</th></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Omaha, reticence of, as to secret societies</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_396">396</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Onondaga, work of J. N. B. Hewitt among</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXX">XXX</a>, <a href="#Page_XXX">XXX</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Oqomiut Eskimo tribe, situation and subdivisions of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_424">424</a>-440</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"><span class="pageno" id="Page_674">674</span>Origin of the Adlet and the Qadlunait</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_637">637</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Origin of the narwhal</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_625">625</a>-627</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Osage Indians, traditions among</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_LVI">LVI</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Osage traditions, paper on, by J.O. Dorsey</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_373">373</a>-397</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Otis, F. M., paper on Panama ornaments by, mentioned</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_46">46</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Owen's Valley, California, pictographic material from</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLII">XLII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><th class="c019" colspan="2">P.</th></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Padlimiut Eskimo tribe, situation of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_440">440</a>-442</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Parry, W. E., cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_410">410</a>, <a href="#Page_443">443</a>, <a href="#Page_444">444</a>, <a href="#Page_447">447</a>, <a href="#Page_451">451</a>, <a href="#Page_458">458</a>, <a href="#Page_464">464</a>, <a href="#Page_474">474</a>, <a href="#Page_475">475</a>, <a href="#Page_478">478</a>, <a href="#Page_487">487</a>, <a href="#Page_492">492</a>, <a href="#Page_494">494</a>, <a href="#Page_502">502</a>, <a href="#Page_509">509</a>, <a href="#Page_510">510</a>, <a href="#Page_517">517</a>, <a href="#Page_523">523</a>, <a href="#Page_533">533</a>, <a href="#Page_544">544</a>, <a href="#Page_545">545</a>, <a href="#Page_547">547</a>, <a href="#Page_552">552</a>, <a href="#Page_556">556</a>, <a href="#Page_557">557</a>, <a href="#Page_558">558</a>, <a href="#Page_559">559</a>, <a href="#Page_572">572</a>, <a href="#Page_574">574</a>, <a href="#Page_603">603</a>, <a href="#Page_614">614</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Penn wampum belt</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_233">233</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Penny, cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_425">425</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Peruvians, ancient, illustrations of ornamentation by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_211">211</a>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Petermanns Mitteilungen, cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_409">409</a>, <em>note</em></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Petitot, É., cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_412">412</a>, <a href="#Page_516">516</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Piedra pintal, description of, by Seemann</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Pilingmiut Eskimo tribe, situation of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_444">444</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Pilling, J. C., Bibliography of the Languages of the North American Indians by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXIV">XXIV</a>-XXVI</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Pilling, J. C.], office work of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLV">XLV</a>, <a href="#Page_XLVI">XLVI</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Pima Indians, illustrations of ornamentation by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_220">220</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Pinart, A. L., cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Piute Indians, illustrations of ornamentation by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_198">198</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Poetry and music of the Eskimo</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_648">648</a>-658</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Polychrome group of Chiriquian pottery</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_140">140</a>-147</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Polynesian ornamentation, illustrations of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_249">249</a>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Ponka, secret society among</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_396">396</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Pottery of Chiriqui</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_53">53</a>-186</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Powell, J.W., report of operations of Bureau of Ethnology by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXIII">XXIII</a>-LVIII</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Pueblo Indians, researches among</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXVIII">XXVIII</a>, <a href="#Page_XXIX">XXIX</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><th class="c019" colspan="2">Q.</th></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Qailertétang, fabulous people in Eskimo tradition</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_640">640</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Qaudjaqdjuq</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_628">628</a>-633</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Qaumauangmiut Eskimo tribe, situation of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_421">421</a>, <a href="#Page_422">422</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Qinguamiut Eskimo tribe, situation of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_424">424</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Quapaw Indians, linguistic work among</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXXVII">XXXVII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><th class="c019" colspan="2">R.</th></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Rae, John, cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_411">411</a>, <a href="#Page_445">445</a>, <a href="#Page_446">446</a>, <a href="#Page_448">448</a>, <a href="#Page_450">450</a>, <a href="#Page_451">451</a>, <a href="#Page_452">452</a>, <a href="#Page_455">455</a>, <a href="#Page_459">459</a>, <a href="#Page_478">478</a>, <a href="#Page_485">485</a>, <a href="#Page_510">510</a>, <a href="#Page_597">597</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Rattles of ancient Chiriqui</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_156">156</a>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Red line group of Chiriquian pottery</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_109">109</a>-111</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Religious ideas of the Eskimo</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_583">583</a>-609</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Riggs, R. B., analyses by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_49">49</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Rink, H., cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_411">411</a>, <a href="#Page_420">420</a>, <a href="#Page_580">580</a>, <a href="#Page_586">586</a>, <a href="#Page_587">587</a>, <a href="#Page_590">590</a>, <a href="#Page_591">591</a>, <a href="#Page_598">598</a>, <a href="#Page_599">599</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Rink, H.], acknowledgments to</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_412">412</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Rogan, J. P., field work of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXVI">XXVI</a>, <a href="#Page_XXVII">XXVII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Rosny, L. de, cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_267">267</a>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Ross, J., cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_410">410</a>, <a href="#Page_451">451</a>, <a href="#Page_453">453</a>, <a href="#Page_454">454</a>, <a href="#Page_455">455</a>, <a href="#Page_456">456</a>, <a href="#Page_458">458</a>, <a href="#Page_469">469</a>, <a href="#Page_471">471</a>, <a href="#Page_478">478</a>, <a href="#Page_485">485</a>, <a href="#Page_508">508</a>, <a href="#Page_552">552</a>, <a href="#Page_553">553</a>, <a href="#Page_579">579</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Royce, C. C., office work of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_L">L</a>, <a href="#Page_LI">LI</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><th class="c019" colspan="2">S.</th></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Sagdlirmiut Eskimo tribe, situation of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_444">444</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Sagdlirmiut of Southampton Island</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_451">451</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">San Mateo Mountains, Indians near</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXXIX">XXXIX</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Santa Barbara, Cal., pictographs at</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLII">XLII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Santa Barbara Indians, linguistic work of H. W. Henshaw among</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXXI">XXXI</a>-XXXIII</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Saumingmiut Eskimo tribe, situation of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_424">424</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Scarified group of Chiriquian pottery</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_87">87</a>-90</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Schellhas, P., cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_345">345</a>, <a href="#Page_359">359</a>, <a href="#Page_360">360</a>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>, <a href="#Page_362">362</a>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Schultz-Sellack, K., cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_278">278</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Schwatka, F., cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_445">445</a>, <a href="#Page_457">457</a>, <a href="#Page_458">458</a>, <a href="#Page_459">459</a>, <a href="#Page_464">464</a>, <a href="#Page_465">465</a>, <a href="#Page_470">470</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Science and the arts among the Eskimo</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_643">643</a>-658</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Seal hunting, Eskimo method of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_471">471</a>-501</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Sedna and the fulmar</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_583">583</a>-587</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Sedna feast</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_594">594</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Seemann, description of piedra pintal by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Seminole Indians, illustrations of ornamentation by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_207">207</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Sikosuilarmiut Eskimo tribe, situation of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_421">421</a>, <a href="#Page_463">463</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Siletz Agency, linguistic work of J. O. Dorsey at</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXXVI">XXXVI</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Silvestre, É., Paléographie universelle of, cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_267">267</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Simpson, J., cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_411">411</a>, <a href="#Page_597">597</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Simpson, T., cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_410">410</a>, <a href="#Page_458">458</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Singing house of Eskimo</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_600">600</a>-602</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Sinimiut Eskimo tribe, situation of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_451">451</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Sledges and boats, description of Eskimo</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_527">527</a>-538</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Smith, Mrs. E. A., field work of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXX">XXX</a>, <a href="#Page_XXXI">XXXI</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Smith, Mrs. E. A.], office work of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLV">XLV</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Smith, Mrs. E. A.], collections of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLIX">XLIX</a>, <a href="#Page_L">L</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Smith Sound, Eskimo tribes of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_459">459</a>, <a href="#Page_460">460</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Snow houses, of Davis Strait Eskimo</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_541">541</a>-544</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Snow houses], of Iglulik Eskimo tribe</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_544">544</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Snow houses], of Hudson Bay Indians</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_547">547</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Social life and customs of Eskimo</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_574">574</a>-578</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Songish Indians, burial customs and remains of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLII">XLII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Spicer, J. O., acknowledgments to</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_409">409</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Spicer, J. O.], cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_489">489</a>, <a href="#Page_511">511</a>, <a href="#Page_587">587</a>, <a href="#Page_588">588</a>, <a href="#Page_611">611</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Spindle whorls of Chiriqui</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_149">149</a>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Stearns, J. B., specimens in archæological collections of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Stevenson, J., field work of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXVIII">XXVIII</a>, <a href="#Page_XXIX">XXIX</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Stevenson, J.], collection of objects of Pueblo art by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLIX">XLIX</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Stevenson, Mrs. J., researches among the Zuñi by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXIX">XXIX</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Stools of ancient Chiriqui</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_154">154</a>-156</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Sturgis, A., acknowledgments to</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_409">409</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Sturgis, A.], cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_491">491</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><th class="c019" colspan="2">T.</th></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Talirpingmiut Eskimo tribe, situation of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_424">424</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Tents of Eskimo, mode of construction of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_551">551</a>-553</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Terra cotta group of Chiriquian pottery</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_67">67</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Textile art in its relation to the development of form and ornament, paper by W. H. Holmes on</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_189">189</a>-252</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007"><span class="pageno" id="Page_675">675</span>Thing, L. H., field work of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXVII">XXVII</a>, <a href="#Page_XXVIII">XXVIII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Thlinkit ivory and wood carvings</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLII">XLII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Thomas, C., field work of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXVI">XXVI</a>-XXVIII, <a href="#Page_XXX">XXX</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Thomas, C.], office work of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLVII">XLVII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Thomas, C.], collection from mounds by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_L">L</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Thomas, C.], abstract of paper on aids to the study of the Maya codices by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_LV">LV</a>-LVI</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Thomas, C.], paper on aids to the study of the Maya codices by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_253">253</a>-371</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Tonkawē Indians, linguistic work of A. S. Gatschet among</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXXIII">XXXIII</a>, <a href="#Page_XXXIV">XXXIV</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Tornait and angakut</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_591">591</a>-598</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Tornit, the</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_634">634</a>-636, <a href="#Page_640">640</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Trade and intercourse between Eskimo tribes</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_462">462</a>-470</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Tripod group of Chiriquian pottery</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_97">97</a>-107</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Troano Manuscript, copy of, by Brasseur</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_285">285</a>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Tule River Indians, illustrations of ornamentation by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_219">219</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Tununirmiut Eskimo tribe, situation of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_442">442</a>-444</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Tununirusirmiut Eskimo tribe, situation of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_442">442</a>-444</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Turner, L. M., cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_420">420</a>, <a href="#Page_462">462</a>, <a href="#Page_520">520</a>, <a href="#Page_565">565</a>, <a href="#Page_567">567</a>, <a href="#Page_608">608</a>, <em>note</em></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Tusayan, model of the seven villages of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLVII">XLVII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Tusayan], collection of fictile products of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLIX">XLIX</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Tusayan ornament, illustrations of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_247">247</a>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><th class="c019" colspan="2">U.</th></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Udleqdjun</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_636">636</a>, <a href="#Page_637">637</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Ugjulirmiut Eskimo tribe, situation of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_458">458</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Uissuit</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_621">621</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Uissuit], fabulous people in Eskimo tradition</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_640">640</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Ukusiksalirmiut Eskimo tribe, situation of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_458">458</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Ungavimiut Eskimo tribe, situation of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_463">463</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><th class="c019" colspan="2">V.</th></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Vater, J. S., cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_262">262</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><th class="c019" colspan="2">W.</th></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Walpi, model of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLVII">XLVII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Warmow, cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_425">425</a>, <a href="#Page_583">583</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Whistles of ancient Chiriqui</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_164">164</a>-171</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">White, B. B., description of cemetery in New Granada by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_19">19</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">White line group of Chiriquian pottery</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_111">111</a>-113</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Wiener, cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_242">242</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Wind instruments of ancient Chiriqui</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_160">160</a>-171</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Winnebago, sacred songs of the Iowa in</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_396">396</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><th class="c019" colspan="2">Y.</th></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Yarrow, H. C., collections of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLIX">XLIX</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Yarrow, H. C.], field work of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XL">XL</a>-XLI</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Yarrow, H. C.], office work of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_L">L</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Yokut Indians, illustrations of ornamentation by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_233">233</a>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Yuchi Indians, linguistic work among</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXV">XXV</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><th class="c019" colspan="2">Z.</th></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Zeltner, A. de, observations on graves in Chiriqui by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Zeltner, A. de], cited</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Zeltner, A. de], description of Chiriquian vases by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_145">145</a>-147</td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">Zuñi, studies of Mrs. J. Stevenson among</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XXIX">XXIX</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Zuñi], culture growth of</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLVI">XLVI</a>, <a href="#Page_XLVII">XLVII</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Zuñi], collection made at</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_XLIX">XLIX</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="c007">[Zuñi], illustrations of ornamentation by</td> - <td class="c008"><a href="#Page_239">239</a></td> - </tr> -</tbody></table> - -<div class="tnotes"> - -<div class="chapter"> - <h2 class="c005">TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES</h2> -</div> - <ol class="ol_1 c002"> - <li>The Bureau of Ethnology—later the Bureau of American Ethnology—published a total of 48 Annual Reports over the period 1879 to 1933. Each Report was divided into three pieces: introductory material including summaries of what everyone in the Bureau had been doing; a number of free-standing articles; and an Index covering the whole volume.</li> - <li>Each article is a separate project, and the introduction and index are combined into another project. Articles are posted separately to PG, and when a volume is finished, a whole-volume version is also posted.</li> - <li>This project contains the roman numbered introduction plus the index for the volume. </li> - <li>Each volume contains a full index for all papers in that volume. To make the Index usable, page anchors were included in a consistent format, using the physical page number.</li> - <li>The arabic numbered page anchors will be linked when the whole volume version is posted to PG. Until this happens only the roman numbered page links will be valid.</li> - <li>Silently corrected simple spelling, grammar, and typographical errors. </li> - <li>Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed. </li> - </ol> - -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 6TH ANN. REPORT--BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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