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diff --git a/old/51220-0.txt b/old/51220-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index c86124a..0000000 --- a/old/51220-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1014 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Crito, by Plato - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Crito - -Author: Plato - -Translator: Marsilius Ficinus - -Release Date: February 14, 2016 [EBook #51220] - -Language: Latin - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CRITO *** - - - - -Produced by Carolus Raeticus - - - - - PLATONIS - - CRITO - - - Translation by Marsilius Ficinus - - - - - WILLIAM CURRY, JUN., AND COMPANY - - SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL, LONDON. - - - - M.DCCC.XXXIV. - - - - - Transcriber's Notes: - -For the Latin text the following edition was used: - - "Plato's Apology of Socrates, Crito, and Phædo" (Publ. William Curry, - Jun., and Company; Simpkin and Marshall, London, 1834) - -Concerning the Latin text, a quote from the Preface to the above edition -may suffice: - - "In compliance with the desire of the Publishers, a Latin version has - been annexed, that of Marsilius Ficinus, a Florentine, born A.D. 1433, - and educated by Pletho, under the patronage of Cosmo di Medici, for - the express purpose of translating the writings, and reviving the - philosophy of Plato." - -Footnotes added by the Transcriber are marked as [TR1], [TR2], etc. - - - - - CRITO - - PERSONS OF THE DIALOGUE - - Socrates Crito - - SCENE: _The Prison of Socrates_ - - - -_SOCRATES._—Curnam hac hora venisti, o Crito? annon valde adhuc est ante -lucem? - -_CRITO._—Valde quidem. - -_SO._—Quando vero maxime? - -_CR._—Profunda aurora. - -_SO._—Admiror, quemadmodum ipse custos carceris tibi obtemperare -voluerit. - -_CR._—Familiaris jam mihi est, o Socrates, ob crebrum huc adventum -meum. Præterea beneficii nonnihil a me accepit. - -_SO._—Venistine modo? an jam est dudum? - -_CR._—Satis dudum. - -_SO._—Proinde cur non statim me excitasti, sed silentio assedisti? - -_CR._—Nunquam per Jovem, o Socrates, excitassem. neque enim ipse vellem -in tanto dolore evigilare. Sed te jamdudum admiror, sentiens, quam -suaviter dormias; et consulto non excitavi te, ut quam placidissime -degeres. Equidem et per omnem vitam ob hujusmodi morem beatum te -judicavi; maxime vero in præsenti calamitate, quod eam tam facile ac -placide feras. - -_SO._—Perabsurdum esset, o Crito, si quis tam grandis natu imminentem -mortem moleste ferat. - -_CR._—Sed et alii, o Socrates, æque senes similibus calamitatibus -opprimuntur, quos tamen ætas ab afflictione, quam sors præsens affert -secum, non liberat. - -_SO._—Ita est. Sed curnam adeo mane venisti? - -_CR._—Nuntium, o Socrates, ferens acerbum; non tibi quidem, ut mihi -apparet, sed mihi potius, et familiaribus tuis omnibus, et acerbum et -gravem. quod equidem inter gravissima, ut arbitror, numeraverim. - -_SO._—Quidnam hoc? nunquid navis ex Delo jam rediit? qua reducta, mihi -est moriendum. - -_CR._—Nondum rediit quidem; sed reditura videtur hodie, quemadmodum -nuntiant nonnulli e Sunio venientes, qui ibi eam reliquerunt. constat -ergo ex his nuntiis, hodie esse venturam; ideoque necessarium fore, te -cras, o Socrates, e vita decedere. - -_SO._—Bona, o Crito, fortuna: si ita diis placet, ita esto. non tamen -existimo, illam hodie redituram. - -_CR._—Undenam id conjectas? - -_SO._—Dicam equidem. siquidem postridie, quam navis redierit, mihi est -obeundum. - -_CR._—Sic utique aiunt hi, penes quo rei hujus potestas est. - -_SO._—Itaque non hac die venturam puto, sed altera. conjecturam vero ex -somnio quodam accipio, quod paulo ante hac ipsa nocte mihi vistum est: -opportuneque videris somnum mihi non perturbasse. - -_CR._—Sed quale id somnium erat? - -_SO._—Videbatur mihi mulier quædam adveniens, pulchra et aspectu grata, -vestes habens candidas, vocare me, atque dicere, o Socrates, tertia hinc -die Phthiam pervenies latiglebam. - -_CR._—Quam mirum id insomnium, Socrates? - -_SO._—Manifestum tamen, ut mihi videtur. - -_CR._—Manifestum certe. sed, o beate Socrates, etiam nunc crede mihi, ac -salvus esse velis. Mihi enim, si tu obieris, non una tantum calamitas -imminet: sed præter id, quod te orbatus fuero tali necessario, qualem -alterum nunquam reperiam, videbor utique multis, qui neutrum nostrum -satis noverint, cum potuissem te servare, si minus pecuniis -perpercissem, te penitus neglexisse. Atqui quænam major potest esse -infamia, quam videri, pluris fecisse pecunias quam amicos? non enim -poterit persuaderi compluribus, te hinc abire noluisse, nobis, quo id -ageres, omni studio contendentibus. - -_SO._—Quid vero a nobis, o beate Crito, tanti vulgi opinio æstimatur? -probatissimi enim viri, quorum magis habenda ratio est, hæc ita gesta -esse, ut gesta sunt, arbitrabuntur. - -_CR._—Attamen vides, o Socrates, compelli nos opinionem quoque vulgi -curare. præsentia enim hæc declarant, posse vulgus non minima malorum, -immo fere maxima, si quis in populo calumniis agitetur, inferre. - -_SO._—Utinam, o Crito, posset vulgus maxima inferre mala, ut vicissim -maxima posset bona. et bene quidem se res haberet, neutrum vero potest; -quippe cum neque prudentem, neque imprudentem efficere valeat. faciunt -vero quodlibet, utcunque contingit. - -_CR._—Hæc quidem ita se habeant. Ad id vero, Socrates, mihi responde, -num forte mei ceterorumque necessariorum tuorum respectus te retinet, -ne, si hinc evaseris, calumniatores nos postea vexent, quasi te hinc -furati fuerimus: cogamurque vel totum patrimonium, vel permultas -pecunias amittere, vel præter hæc aliud quippiam pati. Si quid tale -times, curam ejusmodi pone. justum namque est, nos tuæ salutis gratia -non hoc solum, verum etiam, si oportuerit, majus aliud subire -periculum. Verum mihi obtempera, neque aliter facias. - -_SO._—Et hæc equidem et alia multa, o Crito, considero. - -_CR._—Ne igitur hæc vereare. neque enim multum est argentum, quod -postulant hi, qui servare te atque hinc educere pollicentur. Vides -præterea, quam tenues sint calumniatores tui, ut non magna ad eos -placandos largitione sit opus. Tibi vero pecuniæ adsunt meæ, ad hoc, ut -opinor, sufficientes. Proinde si quo mei respectu adductus non putas -meas pecunias erogandas, adsunt hospites isti parati persolvere. quorum -unus etiam huc attulit sufficientem pecuniam, ad hoc ipsum paratam, -Simmias Thebanus. ad hoc ipsum promtus est et Cebes, aliique -permulti. Quamobrem, ut modo dicebam, nihil tale metuas, quo minus -serves teipsum. Sed neque etiam illud, quod in judicio dixisti, te -remoretur, si hac urbe exires, quo teipsum verteres te minime -habiturum. aliis enim multis in locis quocunque profectus fueris, te -homines colent: ac si velis in Thessaliam te conferre, reperies illic -hospites meos, qui te plurimi libenter libentissime complectentur; -tutumque præsidio suo adeo reddent, ut nemo in Thessalia tibi injuriam -sit facturus. - -Accedit ad hæc, o Socrates, quod rem minime justam aggredi videris, si, -cum salvus esse possis, teipsum perdas, taliaque contra te facere -studeas, qualia inimici ipsi tui contenderent, contenderuntque, te -perdere properantes. Proinde filios quoque tuos perdere mihi -videris. quos cum liceat tibi educare atque erudiere, deseris omnino, et -quantum in te, eorum mores fortunæ committis. Accident vero eis -verisimiliter, qualia evenire orphanis consueverunt. Profecto oportebat -non genuisse filios; aut in eis educandis erudiendisque laborem non -recusare. Tu vero mihi videris, quæ elegisset vir segnis ac piger, nunc -elegisse: decebat autem contra viri boni fortisque eligere; præsertim -te, per omnem vitam virtutis studium profitentem. Itaque non possum tua -nostraque vice, familiarum tuorum, non erubescere, veritus, ne tota hæc -res tua ignavia quadam nostra sic tractata fuisse videatur. Et primum -quidem ille tunc in judicium ingressus, cum liceret non ingredi; deinde -concertatio ipsa judicii similiter acta; et extremus hic finis, tanquam -ridiculum quiddam, per ignaviam segnitiemque nostram effugisse nos -videbitur, quod nec nos te servaverimus, neque tu ipse te, cum id fieri -absque magna difficultate potuerit, si vel parum in nobis usus -industriæque fuisset. Hæc igitur, o Socrates, considera, ne -præterquam[TR1] quod mala sunt, etiam dedecori tibi nobisque sint: sed -tibi consule. immo vero non jam amplius consulendi tempus, sed consultum -jam esse oportuit. unicum vero consilium est; videlicet venienti hac -nocte cuncta hæc facta esse oportere. Sin autem ultra tardamus, nihil -omnino fieri ulterius poterit. quamobrem omnino mihi adhibe fidem, o -Socrates, nec ullo modo aliter facias. - -_SO._—O amice Crito, studium hoc tuum permulti faciendum esset, si qua -ratione recta susceptum esset. sin minus, quanto vehementius est, tanto -molestius. Considerandum est igitur, agendane hæc nobis sint, an -non. nam ego is sum non modo nunc, sed et semper, qui meorum nulli -paream, præterquam rationi, quæ ratiocinanti mihi optima -videatur. Rationes itaque illas, quibus superioribus temporibus usus -sum, nec nunc quidem, postquam in hanc fortunam incidi, rejicere possum: -sed similes mihi ferme apparent, easdemque in præsentia, quas et prius, -veneror atque profiteor: adeo, ut nisi nunc meliores afferre possimus, -plane scire debeas, me tibi non concessurum: non, si etiam plura, quam -nunc, multitudinis potentia comminata, nos tanquam pueros larvali -terribilique facie perterrere conetur, pecunia et damna, catenas, cædes -objiciens. - -_CR._—Quanam igitur ratione mediocriter considerabimus? - -_SO._—Hac utique, si id, quod tu de opinionibus paulo ante dicebas, -resumamus: utrum semper recte se habeat necne, oportere scilicet -quarundam opinionum rationem habere, quarundam vero minime. An forte -prius quam in periculum mortis inciderem, recte id dicebatur: nunc vero -constat, frustra, disputationis gratia, ita dictum fuisse, cum revera -joco cuidam nugisque esset adductum. Cupio equidem, o Crito, una tecum -considerare, nunquid sermo ille prior alienus appareat mihi, nunc in hac -fortuna constituto; an prorsus idem qui et prius: atque utrum -dimittendus sit a nobis, vel ipsi obtemperandum. [Dicebatur autem, ut -opinor, semper sic ab iis, qui se aliquid dicere existimabant, ut nunc -quidem ego dicebam: nempe hominum opiniones partim plurimi faciendas ac -sequendas, partim vero minime. Hoc, per Deos, o Crito, nonne tibi recte -dici videtur? tu enim, ut fert hominum conditio, tantum abes a periculo -ut crastino die moriaris; nec te in errorem inducit præsens calamitas.] -Considera igitur: an non sufficienter tibi dici videtur, non oportere -omnes opiniones hominum sequi; sed alias quidem sequi, alias vero -negligere: neque omnium quidem, sed duntaxat quorundam. quid ergo dicis? -hæc non recte dicuntur? - -_CR._—Recte. - -_SO._—An non bonas honorare decet, mala vero contemnere? - -_CR._—Ita decet. - -_SO._—Bonæ autem nonne prudentum? malæ contra sunt imprudentum? - -_CR._—Quidni? - -_SO._—Age vero, quonam modo rursus talia dicebantur? qui in gymnasiis se -exercet, utrum cujuslibet hominis laudi, vel vituperationi mentem -adhibebit; an illius tantum, qui medicus sit, aut gymnasii magister? - -_CR._—Hujus solius. - -_SO._—An non timere decet vituperationes, et optare laudes illius unius -potius, quam multorum? - -_CR._—Procul dubio. - -_SO._—Hac itaque ratione illi agendum est, exercendumque, et edendum -atque bibendum, qua illi unico videatur, qui præsideat intelligatque, -potius quam, ut videtur vulgo. - -_CR._—Vera hæc sunt. - -_SO._—Quid vero, si illi uni non pareat, opinionemque ejus et -commendationes nihili pendat, honoret vero vulgi ignorantumque -commendationes, nunquid a malo tutus erit? - -_CR._—Minime. - -_SO._—Quid autem est id malum, et quonam tendit, et in quam non -obedientis partem? - -_CR._—In corpus videlicet; hoc enim corrumpitur. - -_SO._—Recte dicis. Nonne de aliis, o Crito, eadem ratio est? Ne omnia -percurramus: de justis inquam injustisque, de turpibus et honestis, -bonisque et malis, de quibus in præsentia nobis consultatio est, utrum -multorum opinionem sequi vererique debeamus, an unius potius, qui -intelligat, quem decet et venerari et timere magis, quam cunctos -alios. cui nisi obtemperaverimus, lædemur et corrumpemur in eo, quod -justo quidem melius fieri, injusto autem corrumpi soleat. an nihil id -est? - -_CR._—Id quidem, o Socrates, arbitror. - -_SO._—Age vero, si id, quod a salubri quidem fit melius, ab insalubri -vero corrumpitur, corruperimus, imperitorum potius quam peritorum -sequuti judicia, an nobis eo destructo vivendum erit? est autem id -corpus. nonne? - -_CR._—Corpus. - -_SO._—Nunquid ergo vivendum nobis cum depravato corpore atque destructo? - -_CR._—Nullo modo. - -_SO._—An forte cum illo vivendum est nobis corrupto, quod injusto quidem -læditur, justo vero juvatur? nunquid vilius illud, quam corpus -existimamus, quidquid illud est e nostris, circa quod justitia, -injustitiaque versatur? - -_CR._—Nullo modo. - -_SO._—Sed pretiosius? - -_CR._—Valde. - -_SO._—Non igitur, o vir optime, admodum nobis curandum est, quid de -nobis multi loquantur; sed quid dicat is unus, qui intelligit justa et -injusta, atque ipsa veritas. Quamobrem primo quidem non recte adduxisti, -opinionem vulgarem de rebus justis, et honestis, et bonis, harumque -contrariis, esse alicujus existimandam. At vero dicet aliquis, posse -vulgus nos interficere? - -_CR._—Nimirum dici id potest, o Socrates. - -_SO._—Vera loqueris. Sed, o mirabilis, hæc ratio, quam percurrimus, -superiori similis esse videtur: atque hanc rursus considera, utrum nobis -maneat, necne: videlicet, non multi faciendum esse vivere, sed bene -vivere. - -_CR._—Manet quidem. - -_SO._—Sed hoc quoque manetne? bene, et honeste, et juste vivere idem -esse? - -_CR._—Constat. - -_SO._—Igitur ex his, quæ confessi sumus, hoc considerandum, utrum justum -sit conari me hinc exire, Atheniensibus non dimittentibus, vel injustum: -ac si appareat, justum esse, tentemus: si minus, dimittamus. Quas vero -tu affers considerationes de pecuniarum sumptu, de vulgari opinione, de -filiis educandis: cavendum est, o Crito, ne excogitationes revera horum -multorum sint, qui facile interficiunt, atque eorum, qui similiter, -inquam, si possent, reviviscerent, et id quidem absque mente. Nobis -vero, quandoquidem sic exigit ratio, nihil aliud attendendum est, quam -quod modo dicebamus, utrum agamus justa, pecunias largiendo, gratiamque -habendo his, qui me hinc educant: utrum, inquam, in hoc agamus justa, -nos quidem educti, illi vero educentes; an potius utrinque in his -omnibus agendis, agamus injuste: atque si appareat, nos iniqua aggredi, -ne excogitandum quidem id est; sed mansuete subire decet et mortem, et -quodvis aliud supplicium prius, quam quidquam agamus inique. - -_CR._—Recte loqui videris, Socrates. considera tamen, quid agamus. - -_SO._—Consideremus, o bone vir, una. ac si qua in parte me dicentem -redarguere poteris, redargue. ego enim assentiar. sin minus, desine -quæso, o vir beate, jam toties eadem verba repetere: oportere scilicet -me hinc, Atheniensibus invitis, abire. Equidem multi facio, persuaso te -hæc agere; non autem invito. Attende itaque, nunquid considerationis -initium tibi sufficienter dictum sit; conareque quod rogatus sis ita -respondere, ut maxime censeas respondendum. - -_CR._—Conabor equidem. - -_SO._—Dicimus sane, nullo modo sponte esse injuriandum; an forte quodam -pacto injuria facienda est, aliter vero nequaquam? vel potius injuriari -nullo modo vel bonum est, vel honestum, quemadmodum in superiori tempore -sæpe confessi sumus? Quod quidem et nuper est confirmatum. An forte -omnes illæ superiores conventiones nostræ in paucis his diebus prorsus -evanuerunt, ac jamdiu nos tam grandes natu homines, o Crito, tamque -studiose invicem disserentes, latuit, nihil a pueris nos differre? An -potius sic prorsus res se habet, ut jamdiu dicebamus, sive affirmet id -multitudo, sive neget; et, sive graviora præsentibus, sive leviora -subire cogamur, attamen injuriam facere omnino malum turpeque esse -fatemur illi ipsi, qui facit, an non? - -_CR._—Fatemur certe. - -_SO._—Quamobrem nullo modo injuriandum est. - -_CR._—Nullo quidem. - -_SO._—Neque, si injuriam passus fueris, eam ulciscendum, ut vulgus -putat. siquidem nullo modo injuriandum. - -_CR._—Ita videtur. - -_SO._—Quid vero? mala alicui facere decet, o Crito, an non? - -_CR._—Non certe, o Socrates. - -_SO._—Quid autem, qui mala patitur, num mala vicissim referre illi -debet, qui intulit, ut vulgo videtur? justumne id esset, an injustum? - -_CR._—Injustum. - -_SO._—Nempe mala inferre hominibus, non discrepat ab injuria. - -_CR._—Vere loqueris. - -_SO._—Neque igitur ulcisci decet, neque malefacere cuiquam hominum, -quodcunque ab aliis ipse passus fueris. Et vide, o Crito, ne quid, dum -hæc concedis, præter sententiam tuam nobis assentiare. Perpaucis enim, -scio quid loquar, sic vel apparet, vel apparebit. At vero quibus sic -apparet, et quibus aliter, his non est communis deliberatio; sed necesse -est, eos, cum ultro citroque consilia sua respiciunt, invicem se -despicere. Animadverte igitur et tu diligenter, utrum tibi mihique -communis sit hæc opinio, mecumque sentias: atque utrum ab hoc principio -exorsi deliberemus, quasi nunquam rectum sit, vel injuriari, vel ulcisci -injuriam, vel malum referre in eum qui intulit. An hic discedis a nobis, -in hoc principio non consentiens? Mihi quidem et jamdiu et nunc ita -videtur. Quod si tibi apparet aliter, dic, et doce. sin autem in -superioribus permanes, jam quid sequatur audi. - -_CR._—Consentio equidem et permaneo. - -_SO._—Dico ergo deinceps, immo potius interrogo, utrum[TR2] quæ quis -confiteatur alicui, justa esse, facere debeat, an fallere? - -_CR._—Facere. - -_SO._—Ex his jam ita considera. Si nos hinc abeamus præter civitatis -consensum, utrum male aliquibus faciemus, et his quidem, quibus minime -decet, vel non: et utrum in his permanebimus, quæ justa esse convenimus, -vel contra? - -_CR._—Nequeo equidem, o Socrates, ad hæc respondere. neque enim -intelligo. - -_SO._—Verum ita considera, perinde ac si, volentibus nobis hinc sive -aufugere, sive quomodocunque hoc vocandum sit, veniant leges, -civitatisque hujus respublica, et instantes nobis sic inquiant: Dic -nobis, o Socrates, quidnam cogitas facere? an non intelligis, hac re, -quam aggrederis, te nobis legibus, totique patriæ, quantum in te est, -interitum machinari? an putas, civitatem ullam amplius stare posse, ac -non subverti, in qua judicia publica nullam vim habeant, sed a privatis -hominibus contemnantur atque frangantur? Quid ergo dicemus ad hæc, o -Crito, aliaque hujusmodi. Permulta enim in hanc sententiam afferre quis -potest; præsertim orator, pro lege ita soluta declamans, quæ quidem -sententias publico judicio latas jubet ratas esse. an respondebimus -illi, civitatem non recte judicando nobis injuriam intulisse? itane, an -aliter? - -_CR._—Ita per Jovem, o Socrates. - -_SO._—At enim leges ipsæ sic responderent: O Socrates, nonne nobis tecum -id convenit, standum tibi esse judiciis, quæ civitas tulerit? Quod si -leges ita loquentes admiraremur, forte dicerent: Noli, Socrates, quæ -modo diximus, admirari: immo responde, cum tibi et interrogare et -respondere sit consuetum. Dic age, quidnam nobis civitatique succenseas, -quo dissolvere nos contendas? principio, nonne nos te genuimus? atque -per nos pater tuus matrem accepit tuam, et provocavit? Dic ergo, an has -inter nos leges, quæ sunt circa conjugia, improbes, atque his aliqua in -parte, quasi minus rectis, succenseas. Nihil succenseo, dicerem. Sed an -his legibus, quæ educatione eruditionique natorum provident, in qua ipse -quoque eruditus es? an non recte disposuerunt hæ leges ad hoc officium -conditæ, cum juberent patrem tuum in musica te et gymnastica erudire? -Recte disposuisse concederem. Age ergo, postquam per nos genitus es, -educatusque ac eruditus, primo quidem num potes negare, te nostrum esse -et natum et servum, ipsumque te et progenitores. deinde, cum id ita se -habeat, an putas jus ex æquo tibi atque nobis esse; et quæ nos tibi -facere aggrediamur, eadem vicissim in nos abs te referri justum esse -judicas? An, cum nec ad patrem, nec ad dominum, si eam habeas, tibi jus -ex æquo sit, ut, quæ ab illis patiare, in eos referre possis; neque si -jurgio hi te lacessant, contra jurgare, neque si te verberent, vicissim -verberare, neque alia ejusmodi in eos tentare liceat: contra patriam -vero ac leges tibi licebit? adeo ut, si, nos judicantes id esse justum, -interficere te velimus, tu vicissim nos leges et patriam pro viribus -coneris occidere, dicasque, te in his agendis justa facere, qui virtutis -curam revera habere profiteris. An sic es sapiens, ut te latuerit, et -patri et matri et progenitoribus omnibus patriam esse anteponendam; -atque esse venerabilius quiddam sanctiusque, et in superiori sorte, tum -apud deos, tum apud homines mentis compotes, patriam collocandam? -colereque eam oportere magis, eique obedire; ac rigidius se gerenti -mitius assentiri, quam patri: et, si quid jubeat, vel dissuadere illi -quantum liceat, vel facere; et patientissime sustinere, quidquid -jusserit patiendum? ac, sive mandaverit verberari te, sive in vincula -conjici, sive in prœlium miserit ad vulnera excipienda, mortemque -subeundam, obediendum est omnino. jus enim ita dictat; et neque -tergiversandum, neque fugiendum, neque ordinem deserendum, sed et in -bello, et in judicio, et prorsus ubique, ea sunt, quæ respublica -patriaque jusserit, facienda: aut certe verbis, quatenus justum est, uti -licet ad persuadendum illi eamque placandam: vi autem uti nefas est, vel -contra matrem, vel contra patrem, maxime vero omnium contra -patriam. Quidnam ad hæc dicemus, Crito, verane loqui leges, an contra? - -_CR._—Mihi quidem videntur. - -_SO._—Proinde leges fortasse dicent: Animadverte, o Socrates, utrum vere -dicamus, te injusta contra nos aggredi. Nos quidem, quæ te et alios -cives genuimus, educavimus, nutrivimus, participes bonorum omnium, quæ -in nostra erant potestate, effecimus: tamen permisimus cuilibet -Atheniensium, cognitis jam civitatis moribus legibusque, et reipublicæ -gubernandæ forma, si cui non placeamus, licere, acceptis suis, quocunque -placuerit hinc abire. Nec ulla ex nobis legibus impedit aut denegat, -sive quis vestrum, cui nos civitasque minime placeamus, in coloniam -aliquam hinc velit discedere, sive habitationem alio transferre cupiat, -quo minus id pro arbitrio facere valeat, secumque sua perferre. At vero -quicunque ex vobis, postquam cognoverit, quemadmodum nos judicia -disponimus, et in ceteris omnibus regimus civitatem, permanserit tamen, -hunc jam asseveramus, opere ipso convenisse nobiscum, quæcunque -jusserimus, se facturum. Atque eum, qui non paruerit, tripliciter -injuriari censemus: et quod genitricibus nobis non obtemperat; et quod -nutricibus non obsequitur; et quod pactus nobis obedire, neque obedit, -neque persuadere nobis studet, si quid minus recte facere videamur: -cumque præcepta nostra libere proponamus, neque mandemus rigide, sed -permittamus alterum e duobus, aut verbis persuaderi nobis, aut manda -explere; tu horum neutrum facis. - -His ergo criminibus te, o Socrates, obnoxium judicamus fore, si, quæ -cogitas, feceris: nec minime Atheniensium te, sed maxime omnium. Ac si -causam requiram, ob quam præ ceteris sim obnoxius, forte juste me -remorderent, dicentes, me maxime omnium Atheniensium civitatis legibus -consensisse. sic enim inferrent: Magna nobis, o Socrates, horum sunt -argumenta, tibi nos civitatemque placuisse. nunquam enim maxime omnium -Atheniensium in ea moras traxisses, nisi tibi mirifice -placuisset. Itaque nec spectaculi gratia urbe unquam egressus es, nisi -semel in Isthmum, nec alio usquam, nisi in militia; neque aliam fecisti -peregrinationem unquam, quemadmodum ceteri solent; neque alterius -civitatis te cepit cupiditas, aliarumve legum; sed nos tibi nostraque -civitas satisfecimus; usqueo adeo vehementer probasti nos, nostrisque -moribus victurum te consensisti: tum in ceteris rebus, tum quia in ea -filios procreasti, utpote quæ tibi placuerit. Quin etiam licebat tibi in -ipso judicio exsilium postulare, si voluisses; atque quod nunc invita -civitate aggrederis, tunc ea volente poteras facere. Tu vero verbis tunc -te extulisti, quasi non graviter ferres, si mori te oporteret. quinimmo -mortem ipsam, ut dicebas, potius quam exsilium elegisti. Nunc vero nec -verba illa tua erubescis, neque nos leges vereris, sed nobis interitum -machinaris. Facis autem, quod deterrimus faceret servus, fugam arripere -tentans, contra pactiones conventionesque, in quibus convenisti -nobiscum, nostris te præbens institutionibus gubernandum. Primum -responde nobis, num id ipsum vere dicamus, consensisse non verbis, sed -re ipsa, moribus nostris gubernari debere. An non vera hæc sunt? Quid ad -hæc dicemus, Crito? an non confitebimur? - -_CR._—Necesse est, o Socrates. - -_SO._—Nonne igitur (leges inquient) conventa nobiscum et pacta -transgrederis? quæ neque coactus es nobiscum inire, neque deceptus, -neque ad breve tempus deliberare ad hæc eligenda es compulsus, sed annos -septuaginta deliberare licuit: quo in tempore licuit et abire, nisi tibi -placuissemus, conventionesque justæ tibi visæ fuissent. Tu vero nec -Lacedæmonem, neque Cretam nobis anteposuisti, quas ipse urbes assidue -prædicas recte gubernari, neque aliam ullam, vel Græcarum civitatum, vel -Barbararum. immo ex hac rarius peregrinatus es, quam claudi et cæci, -mancique alii soleant. usque adeo Atheniensibus tibi præ ceteris civitas -placuit, atque nos, videlicet leges. cui enim placere potest civitas, -cujus non placeant leges? Nunc vero non permanes in his, in quibus -jamdiu nobis tibique convenit. Permanebis certe, si nobis credideris, ne -egrediens urbe deridendus evadas. - -Considera rursus, si hæc transgressus fueris, et ea quæ inique cogitas -perpetraveris, ad quid tandem id vel tibi, vel necessariis tuis -conducet. Cuique enim constat, in periculo necessarios tuos fore, ne -ipsi quoque in exsilium expellantur, priventurque civitate, et -patrimonio suo exspolientur. Tu autem si quam in civitatem finitimam te -contuleris, vel Thebas, vel Megaras, (utræque enim gubernantur recte) -hostis primum reipublicæ illius accedes, et omnes, quibus curæ est -patria, despicient abominabunturque te, corruptorem legum -existimantes. ideoque confirmabis eorum qui te damnarunt opinionem, ut -recte contra te tulisse sententiam videantur. quisquis enim corruptor -est legum, is potissimum et juvenum imperitorumque hominum videbitur -esse corruptor. Quid ergo? civitatesne, quæ recte gubernantur, et -modestissimos quosque homines devitabis? Atqui si id feceris, vitane -dignus eris? an forte impudenter te his admiscebis, nec erubesces, de -eisdem apud eos disserere, de quibus apud nos consuevisti; virtutem -videlicet et justitiam, legesque, et instituta legum plurimi esse -existimanda. neque putas, absurdum et ab his dissonans apparere Socratis -factum? Procul dubio putandum est. Fortasse vero civitates has declinans -in Thessaliam ad Critonis hospites abibis. illic enim absque ordine et -temperantia vivitur. Ac forsan libenter illi te audient, narrantem -quemadmodum e carcere ridicule fugeris, ut fascem quendam tibi super -imponens, aut corio tegens, vel aliis quibusdam te involvens, -quemadmodum solent qui fugam surripiunt, et in alienam figuram te -transmutans illinc aufugeris. quemadmodum vero vir senex parvo admodum -tempore, ut verisimile est, victurus, ausus fueris, ob vivendi -cupididatem in tam sordida inopia vivere, maximas transgressus leges, -nullusne dixerit? forte: si neminem offenderis. alioquin multa, o -Socrates, atque indigna te audies. vives autem obnoxius cunctis -hominibus atque deserviens. Quid vero facies in Thessalia? conviviane -frequentabis? utpote qui in Thessaliam, quasi ad cœnam aliquam, -adventaveris. Disputationes vero illæ de justitia, ceterisque virtutibus -ubinam ulterius nobis erunt? Enimvero filiorum gratia vivere cupis, ut -nutrias eos atque erudias. An ergo in Thessaliam eos perduces, ut illic -nutrias eos, atque erudias, hospites eos efficiens, ut hoc insuper -commodi abs te reportent? an id quidem non facies; hic vero relicti -melius te vivo alentur, atque erudientur a necessariis tuis, te absente? -Utrum vero, si Thessaliam abibis, tui id curabunt: sin autem in alteram -transibis vitam, non curabunt? Profecto si quid opis est in his, qui -aiunt se tuos necessarios esse, credendum est, curaturos. - -Ceterum, o Socrates, fidem nobis adhibens nutricibus tuis, neque filios -tuos, neque vitam, neque aliud quidquam pluribus facias, quam justitiam: -ut cum in vitam alteram transmigraveris, valeas illic præsidibus horum -omnium reddere rationem. Nempe si leges transgressus hæc feceris, neque -melius, neque justius, neque sanctius id vel tibi continget, vel tuis; -neque illuc tibi profecto conducet. quin potius injuriam passus abito, -si abieris, non a nobis quidem legibus, sed ab hominibus. Verum si adeo -turpiter aufugeris, etiam versa vice injurias malaque referens, -conventionesque nobiscum initas et promissa transgressus, atque lædens -eos, quos minime oportebat, te ipsum scilicet et amicos et patriam, -nosque leges: nos utique et viventi tibi infensæ hic erimus, et in -altera vita leges, quæ illic sunt nostræ sorores, haud quaquam te -benigne recipient, scientes, te nos pro viribus disperdere conatum -fuisse. Quamobrem, ne Crito aliter tibi quam nos persuadeat, caveto. - -Hæc equidem, o dulcis amice Crito, audire videor, quemadmodum Corybantes -tibias audire se putant. atque in me sermonum ejusmodi sonitus adeo -reboat, ut alia audire non possim. Vides, quæ in præsentia mihi -apparent: quibus si quid contradicere aggrediaris, frustra -conabere. verumtamen si quid te profecturum confidis, dicas. - -_CR._—Ergo vero quod dicam, o Socrates, nihil habeo. - -_SO._—Desine ergo, Crito; et pergamus hac, quandoquidem hac nos Deus -ipse ducit. - - - FINIS. - - -[TR1] "præterquum" -> "præterquam". - -[TR2] "Utrum" -> "utrum". - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Crito, by Plato - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CRITO *** - -***** This file should be named 51220-0.txt or 51220-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/1/2/2/51220/ - -Produced by Carolus Raeticus -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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