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| author | nfenwick <nfenwick@pglaf.org> | 2025-02-05 05:03:13 -0800 |
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diff --git a/old/50764-h/50764-h.htm b/old/50764-h/50764-h.htm deleted file mode 100644 index 5d5d416..0000000 --- a/old/50764-h/50764-h.htm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7030 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" - "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> - <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" /> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> - <title> - The Project Gutenberg eBook of Colour in the Flower Garden, by Gertrude Jekyll. - </title> - <link rel="coverpage" href="images/cover.jpg" /> - <style type="text/css"> - -body { - margin-left: 10%; - margin-right: 10%; -} - -h1 -{ - margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 2em; - text-align: center; - font-size: x-large; - font-weight: normal; - line-height: 1.6; -} - - h2,h3{ - text-align: center; - clear: both; - } - -div.chapter {page-break-before: always;} - -p -{ - margin-top: .75em; - text-align: justify; - margin-bottom: .75em; -} - -.pads1 {margin-left: 3em; font-size: small;} -.pads2 {font-size: x-small;} -.pads3 {font-size: large;} -.pads4 {font-size: large; text-align: center;} - -.half-title { - margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 2em; - text-align: center; - font-size: x-large; - font-weight: normal; - line-height: 1.6; -} - -hr.tb {width: 45%; margin-left: 27.5%; margin-right: 27.5%;} -hr.chap {width: 65%; margin-left: 17.5%; margin-right: 17.5%;} -hr.small {width: 25%; margin-left: 32.5%; margin-right: 32.5%;} - -ul.index { list-style-type: none; } -li.ifrst { margin-top: 1em; } -li.indx { margin-top: .5em; } -li.isub1 {text-indent: 1em;} - -table { - margin-left: auto; - margin-right: auto; -} - -.pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ - visibility: hidden; - position: absolute; - left: 92%; - font-size: smaller; - text-align: right; -} /* page numbers */ - -.center {text-align: center;} - -.smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} - -.xs {font-size: x-small;} -.small {font-size: small;} -.medium {font-size: medium;} -.xl {font-size: x-large;} -.xxl {font-size: xx-large;} - - -/* Images */ -.figcenter {margin: 1em 1em 2em 1em; text-align: center;} -.caption {font-size: smaller; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 1em;} -img {border: none; max-width: 100%} - - -.footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} - -.footnote .label {position: absolute; right: 84%; text-align: right;} - -.fnanchor { - vertical-align: super; - font-size: .8em; - text-decoration: none; - white-space: nowrap -} - - -/* Transcriber's notes */ -.transnote {background-color: #E6E6FA; - color: black; - font-size:smaller; - padding:0.5em; - margin-bottom:5em; - font-family:sans-serif, serif; } - </style> - </head> -<body> - - -<pre> - -Project Gutenberg's Colour in the flower garden, by Gertrude Jekyll - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Colour in the flower garden - -Author: Gertrude Jekyll - -Release Date: December 24, 2015 [EBook #50764] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK COLOUR IN THE FLOWER GARDEN *** - - - - -Produced by Shaun Pinder, Les Galloway and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<div class="transnote"> -<h3>Transcriber's Notes</h3> - -<p>Obvious typographical errors have been silently corrected.</p> - -<p>Variations in hyphenation have been standardised, but other variations in spelling, -punctuation and accents remain as in the original.</p> - -<p>The index entry for Solomon's seal has been corrected from 53, 37 to 25, 33.</p> - -<p> The sequence of the table of illustrations has been altered by -exchanging A SEPTEMBER GREY GARDEN and THE GREY BORDERS: GYPSOPHILA, -ECHINOPS, &C. to correspond with the sequence of the illustrations in -the book.</p> - -<p>The images of garden plans link to larger, higher definition, images on readers which support this facility.</p> - -</div> -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p class="half-title"><i>COLOUR IN THE<br /> -FLOWER GARDEN</i></p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="figcenter" id="FWHITELILIES"> -<img src="images/i_004.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>WHITE LILIES.</i></div> -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><i><span class="smcap"><big>The "Country Life"<br /> -Library</big></span></i></p> - - -<h1>COLOUR IN THE<br /> -FLOWER GARDEN</h1> - - -<p class="center"><small>BY</small><br /> -GERTRUDE JEKYLL</p> - - -<div class="figcenter" > -<img src="images/title_page.jpg" alt="Bunch of flowers." /> -</div> - - -<p class="center"><small>PUBLISHED BY</small></p> - - -<div class="center small"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> -<tr><td align="center">"COUNTRY LIFE," <span class="smcap">Ltd.</span></td> -<td> </td> -<td align="center">GEORGE NEWNES, <span class="smcap">Ltd.</span></td></tr> - -<tr><td align="center">20, TAVISTOCK STREET</td> -<td></td> -<td align="center">7-12, SOUTHAMPTON ST.</td></tr> - -<tr><td align="center">COVENT GARDEN, W.C.</td> -<td></td> -<td align="center">COVENT GARDEN, W.C.</td></tr> -</table></div> - -<p class="center xs">1908</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_v">v</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> - - -<h2><a name="INTRODUCTION" id="INTRODUCTION"></a>INTRODUCTION</h2> - - -<p>To plant and maintain a flower-border, <em>with a good -scheme for colour</em>, is by no means the easy thing that is -commonly supposed.</p> - -<p>I believe that the only way in which it can be made -successful is to devote certain borders to certain times -of year; each border or garden region to be bright -for from one to three months.</p> - -<p>Nothing seems to me more unsatisfactory than the -border that in spring shows a few patches of flowering -bulbs in ground otherwise looking empty, or with tufts -of herbaceous plants just coming through. Then the -bulbs die down, and their place is wanted for something -that comes later. Either the ground will then show -bare patches, or the place of the bulbs will be forgotten -and they will be cruelly stabbed by fork or trowel -when it is wished to put something in the apparently -empty space.</p> - -<p>For many years I have been working at these -problems in my own garden, and having come to -certain conclusions, can venture to put them forth -with some confidence. I may mention that from the -nature of the ground, in its original state partly wooded -and partly bare field, and from its having been brought -into cultivation and some sort of shape before it was<span class="pagenum" id="Page_vi">vi</span> -known where the house now upon it would exactly -stand, the garden has less general unity of design -than I should have wished. The position and general -form of its various portions were accepted mainly -according to their natural conditions, so that the garden -ground, though but of small extent, falls into different -regions, with a general, but not altogether definite, -cohesion.</p> - -<p>I am strongly of opinion that the possession of a -quantity of plants, however good the plants may be -themselves and however ample their number, does -not make a garden; it only makes a <em>collection</em>. Having -got the plants, the great thing is to use them with -careful selection and definite intention. Merely having -them, or having them planted unassorted in garden -spaces, is only like having a box of paints from the -best colourman, or, to go one step further, it is like -having portions of these paints set out upon a palette. -This does not constitute a picture; and it seems to -me that the duty we owe to our gardens and to our -own bettering in our gardens is so to use the plants -that they shall form beautiful pictures; and that, -while delighting our eyes, they should be always -training those eyes to a more exalted criticism; to a -state of mind and artistic conscience that will not -tolerate bad or careless combination or any sort of -misuse of plants, but in which it becomes a point of -honour to be always striving for the best.</p> - -<p>It is just in the way it is done that lies the whole -difference between commonplace gardening and gardening -that may rightly claim to rank as a fine art.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_vii">vii</span> -Given the same space of ground and the same material, -they may either be fashioned into a dream of beauty, -a place of perfect rest and refreshment of mind and -body—a series of soul-satisfying pictures—a treasure -of well-set jewels; or they may be so misused that -everything is jarring and displeasing. To learn how -to perceive the difference and how to do right is to -apprehend gardening as a fine art. In practice it is -to place every plant or group of plants with such -thoughtful care and definite intention that they shall -form a part of a harmonious whole, and that successive -portions, or in some cases even single details, shall -show a series of pictures. It is so to regulate the trees -and undergrowth of the wood that their lines and -masses come into beautiful form and harmonious -proportion; it is to be always watching, noting and -doing, and putting oneself meanwhile into closest -acquaintance and sympathy with the growing things.</p> - -<p>In this spirit, the garden and woodland, such as -they are, have been formed. There have been many -failures, but, every now and then, I am encouraged -and rewarded by a certain measure of success. Yet, -as the critical faculty becomes keener, so does the -standard of aim rise higher; and, year by year, the -desired point seems always to elude attainment.</p> - -<p>But, as I may perhaps have taken more trouble in -working out certain problems, and given more thought -to methods of arranging growing flowers, especially -in ways of colour-combination, than amateurs in -general, I have thought that it may be helpful to some -of them to describe as well as I can by word, and to<span class="pagenum" id="Page_viii">viii</span> -show by plan and picture, what I have tried to do, -and to point out where I have succeeded and where -I have failed.</p> - -<p>I must ask my kind readers not to take it amiss if I -mention here that I cannot undertake to show it -them on the spot. I am a solitary worker; I am -growing old and tired, and suffer from very bad and -painful sight. My garden is my workshop, my private -study and place of rest. For the sake of health and -reasonable enjoyment of life it is necessary to keep it -quite private, and to refuse the many applications of -those who offer it visits. My oldest friends can now -only be admitted. So I ask my readers to spare me -the painful task of writing long letters of excuse and -explanation; a task that has come upon me almost -daily of late years in the summer months, that has -sorely tried my weak and painful eyes, and has added -much to the difficulty of getting through an already -over-large correspondence.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_ix">ix</span></p> - -</div><div class="chapter"> - - -<h2><a name="CONTENTS" id="CONTENTS"></a>CONTENTS</h2> - - - - -<div class="center small"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> -<tr><td> </td><td align="right"><span class="xs">PAGE</span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><a href="#INTRODUCTION">INTRODUCTION</a></td><td align="right">v</td></tr> -<tr><td align="center" colspan="2"><span class="medium"><a href="#CHAPTER_I">CHAPTER I</a></span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">A MARCH STUDY AND THE BORDER OF EARLY BULBS</td><td align="right">1</td></tr> -<tr><td align="center" colspan="2"><span class="medium"><a href="#CHAPTER_II">CHAPTER II</a></span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">THE WOOD</td><td align="right">8</td></tr> -<tr><td align="center" colspan="2"><span class="medium"><a href="#CHAPTER_III">CHAPTER III</a></span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">THE SPRING GARDEN</td><td align="right">21</td></tr> -<tr><td align="center" colspan="2"><span class="medium"><a href="#CHAPTER_IV">CHAPTER IV</a></span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">BETWEEN SPRING AND SUMMER</td><td align="right">32</td></tr> -<tr><td align="center" colspan="2"><span class="medium"><a href="#CHAPTER_V">CHAPTER V</a></span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">THE JUNE GARDEN</td><td align="right">39</td></tr> -<tr><td align="center" colspan="2"><span class="medium"><a href="#CHAPTER_VI">CHAPTER VI</a></span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">THE MAIN HARDY FLOWER BORDER</td><td align="right">49</td></tr> -<tr><td align="center" colspan="2"><span class="medium"><a href="#CHAPTER_VII">CHAPTER VII</a></span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">THE FLOWER BORDER IN JULY</td><td align="right">58<span class="pagenum" id="Page_x">x</span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="center" colspan="2"><span class="medium"><a href="#CHAPTER_VIII">CHAPTER VIII</a></span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">THE FLOWER BORDER IN AUGUST</td><td align="right">65</td></tr> -<tr><td align="center" colspan="2"><span class="medium"><a href="#CHAPTER_IX">CHAPTER IX</a></span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">THE FLOWER BORDERS IN SEPTEMBER</td><td align="right">78</td></tr> -<tr><td align="center" colspan="2"><span class="medium"><a href="#CHAPTER_X">CHAPTER X</a></span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">WOOD AND SHRUBBERY EDGES</td><td align="right">83</td></tr> -<tr><td align="center" colspan="2"><span class="medium"><a href="#CHAPTER_XI">CHAPTER XI</a></span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">GARDENS OF SPECIAL COLOURING</td><td align="right">89</td></tr> -<tr><td align="center" colspan="2"><span class="medium"><a href="#CHAPTER_XII">CHAPTER XII</a></span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">CLIMBING PLANTS</td><td align="right">106</td></tr> -<tr><td align="center" colspan="2"><span class="medium"><a href="#CHAPTER_XIII">CHAPTER XIII</a></span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">GROUPING OF PLANTS IN POTS</td><td align="right">112</td></tr> -<tr><td align="center" colspan="2"><span class="medium"><a href="#CHAPTER_XIV">CHAPTER XIV</a></span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">SOME GARDEN PICTURES</td><td align="right">121</td></tr> -<tr><td align="center" colspan="2"><span class="medium"><a href="#CHAPTER_XV">CHAPTER XV</a></span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">A BEAUTIFUL FRUIT GARDEN</td><td align="right">127</td></tr> -<tr><td align="center" colspan="2"><span class="medium"><a href="#CHAPTER_XVI">CHAPTER XVI</a></span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">PLANTING FOR WINTER COLOUR</td><td align="right">133</td></tr> -<tr><td align="center" colspan="2"><span class="medium"><a href="#CHAPTER_XVII">CHAPTER XVII</a></span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">FORM IN PLANTING</td><td align="right">138</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="medium">INDEX</span></td><td align="right">143</td></tr> -</table></div> -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_xi">xi</span></p> - - -</div><div class="chapter"> - -<h2><a name="LIST_OF_ILLUSTRATIONS" id="LIST_OF_ILLUSTRATIONS"></a>LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS</h2> - - - - -<div class="center"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#FWHITELILIES">White Lilies</a></span></td><td align="right"><i>Frontispiece</i></td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td align="right"><span class="xs"><i>To face page</i></span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#IRISSTYLOSA">Iris Stylosa</a></span></td><td align="right">4</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#MAGNOLIACONSPICUA">Magnolia Conspicua</a></span></td><td align="right">5</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#MAGNOLIASTELLATA">Magnolia Stellata</a></span></td><td align="right">6</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#FERNSINTHEBULBBORDER">Ferns in the Bulb Border</a></span></td><td align="right">7</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#THEBANKOFEARLYBULBS">The Bank of Early Bulbs</a></span></td><td align="right">7</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#DAFFODILSBYAWOODLANDPATH">Daffodils by a Woodland Path</a></span></td><td align="right">10</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#WILDPRIMROSESINTHINWOODLAND">Wild Primroses in thin Woodland</a></span></td><td align="right">11</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#THEWIDEWOOD-PATH">The Wide Wood Path</a></span></td><td align="right">12</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#CISTUSLAURIFOLIUS">Cistus Laurifolius</a></span></td><td align="right">13</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#AWOOD-PATHAMONGCHESTNUTS">A Wood Path among Chestnuts</a></span></td><td align="right">14</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#AWOOD-PATHAMONGBIRCHES">A Wood Path among Birches</a></span></td><td align="right">15</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#CISTUSCYPRIUS">Cistus Cyprius</a></span></td><td align="right">16</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#CISTUSBYTHEWOOD-PATH">Cistus by the Wood Path</a></span></td><td align="right">17</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#GAULTHERIASHALLONINFLOWER">Gaultheria Shallon in Flower</a></span></td><td align="right">18</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#GAULTHERIASHALLONINFRUIT">Gaultheria Shallon in Fruit</a></span></td><td align="right">19</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#WHITEIRISHHEATH">White Irish Heath</a></span></td><td align="right">20</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><a href="#THESPRINGGARDENFROMD"><span class="smcap">The Spring Garden from</span> <b>D</b> <span class="smcap">on Plan</span></a></td><td align="right">21</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#PLANOFTHESPRINGGARDEN">Plan of the Spring Garden</a></span></td><td align="right">23</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#THEFERN-LIKESWEETCICELY">The Fern-like Sweet Cicely</a></span></td><td align="right">24</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><a href="#THESPRINGGARDENFROME"><span class="smcap">The Spring Garden from</span> <b>E</b> <span class="smcap">on Plan</span></a></td><td align="right">25</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><a href="#FURTHERROCKFROMG"><span class="smcap">"Further Rock" from</span> <b>G</b> <span class="smcap">on Plan</span></a></td><td align="right">28</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><a href="#FURTHERROCKFROMH"><span class="smcap">"Further Rock" from</span> <b>H</b> <span class="smcap">on Plan</span></a></td><td align="right">29</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><a href="#NEARROCKFROMF"><span class="smcap">"Near Rock" from</span> <b>F</b> <span class="smcap">on Plan</span></a></td><td align="right">30<span class="pagenum" id="Page_xii">xii</span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#THEPRIMROSEGARDEN">The Primrose Garden</a></span></td><td align="right">31</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#STEPSTOTHEHIDDENGARDEN">Steps to the Hidden Garden</a></span></td><td align="right">32</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#PHLOXDIVARICATAAND">Phlox Divaricata and Arenaria Montana</a></span></td><td align="right">33</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#MALEFERNINTHEHIDDENGARDEN">Male Fern in the Hidden Garden</a></span></td><td align="right">34</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#EXOCHORDAGRANDIFLORA">Exochorda Grandiflora</a></span></td><td align="right">35</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#PLANOFTHEHIDDENGARDEN">Plan of the Hidden Garden</a></span></td><td align="right">35</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#EUPHORBIAWULFENII">Euphorbia Wulfenii</a></span></td><td align="right">36</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#IRISESANDLUPINES">Irises and Lupines in the June Garden</a></span></td><td align="right">37</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#PARTOFTHEGARLANDROSE">Part of the Garland Rose at the Angle</a></span></td><td align="right">39</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#ROSEBLUSHGALLICA">Rose Blush Gallica on Dry Walling</a></span></td><td align="right">42</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#SPANISHIRIS">Spanish Iris</a></span></td><td align="right">43</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#THEJUNEGARDEN">Plan of the June Garden</a></span></td><td align="right">44</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#IRISANDLUPINEBORDERS">Plan of Iris and Lupine Borders</a></span></td><td align="right">44</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#WHITETREELUPINE">White Tree Lupine</a></span></td><td align="right">46</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#CATMINTINJUNE">Catmint in June</a></span></td><td align="right">47</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#SCOTCHBRIARS">Scotch Briars</a></span></td><td align="right">48</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#GERANIUMIBERICUMPLATYPHYLLUM">Geranium Ibericum Platyphyllum</a></span></td><td align="right">49</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#THEFLOWERBORDERINLATESUMMER">The Flower Border in Late Summer</a></span></td><td align="right">50</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#THECROSSWALKDIVIDING">The Cross Walk</a></span></td><td align="right">51</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#THEEASTEND">The East End of the Flower Border</a></span></td><td align="right">52</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#ELEVATION">Plan of the Main Flower Border</a></span></td><td align="right">53</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#GOODSTAKING">Good Staking—Campanula Persicifolia</a></span></td><td align="right">54</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#CAREFULSTAKING">Careful Staking of Michaelmas Daisies</a></span></td><td align="right">55</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#WHITEROSELAGUIRLANDE">White Rose La Guirlande; Grey Borders Beyond</a></span></td><td align="right">60</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#CLEMATISRECTA">Clematis Recta</a></span></td><td align="right">61</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#DELPHINIUMBELLADONNA">Delphinium Belladonna</a></span></td><td align="right">62</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#CANTERBURYBELLS">Canterbury Bells</a></span></td><td align="right">63</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#ROSETHEGARLAND">Rose The Garland in a Silver Holly</a></span></td><td align="right">64</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#ERYNGIUMOLIVERIANUM">Eryngium Oliverianum</a></span></td><td align="right">65</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#TALLCAMPANULAS">Tall Campanulas in a Grey Border</a></span></td><td align="right">66</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#YUCCAFILAMENTOSA">Yucca Filamentosa</a></span></td><td align="right">70<span class="pagenum" id="Page_xiii">xiii</span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#THEGREYBORDERS">The Grey Borders: Stachys, &c.</a></span></td><td align="right">71</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#ALAVENDERHEDGE">A Lavender Hedge</a></span></td><td align="right">74</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#AESCULUSMACROSTACHYA">Æsculus and Olearia</a></span></td><td align="right">75</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#PLANOFASMALL">Plan of Garden of China Asters</a></span></td><td align="right">77</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#SOMEOFTHEEARLYASTERS">Some of the Early Asters</a></span></td><td align="right">78</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#THESEPTEMBERGARDEN">The September Garden</a></span></td><td align="right">79</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#LOWEREND">The September Garden</a></span></td><td align="right">80</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#UPPEREND">The September Garden</a></span></td><td align="right">80</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#BEGONIASIN">Begonias with Megasea Foliage</a></span></td><td align="right">80</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#EARLYASTERS">Early Asters and Pyrethrum Uliginosum</a></span></td><td align="right">81</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#EARLYMICHAELMASDAISIES">Plan of September Borders</a></span></td><td align="right">81</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#GARLANDROSEWHERE">Garland Rose, where Garden joins Wood</a></span></td><td align="right">84</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#POLYGONUMCOMPACTUM">Polygonum and Megasea at a Wood Edge</a></span></td><td align="right">84</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#LILIESANDFUNKIAS">Lilies and Funkias at a Shrubbery Edge</a></span></td><td align="right">84</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#OLEARIAGUNNI">Olearia Gunni, Fern and Funkia</a></span></td><td align="right">85</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#FERNSANDLILIES">Ferns and Lilies at a Shrubbery Edge</a></span></td><td align="right">86</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#GYPSOPHILAANDMEGASEA">Gypsophila and Megasea</a></span></td><td align="right">87</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#LILIESANDFERNSATTHEWOOD">Lilies and Ferns at the Wood Edge</a></span></td><td align="right">88</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#SMALLWIRESTEMMEDASTER2">Small Wire-stemmed Aster; Second Year</a></span></td><td align="right">88</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#SMALLWIRESTEMMEDASTER3">Small Wire-stemmed Aster; Third Year</a></span></td><td align="right">88</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#STOBAEAPURPUREA">Stobæa Purpurea</a></span></td><td align="right">89</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#THEGREYBORDERS">The Grey Borders: Gypsophila, Echinops, &c.</a></span></td><td align="right">92</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#OCTOBERBORDERS">October Borders of Michaelmas Daisies</a></span></td><td align="right">92</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#ASEPTEMBERGREYGARDEN">A September Grey Garden</a></span></td><td align="right">92</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#THEGREYBORDERPINK">The Grey Border: Pink Hollyhock, &c.</a></span></td><td align="right">93</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#SPECIALCOLOURGARDEN">Plans of Special Colour Gardens</a></span></td><td align="right">93</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#ADETAILOFTHEGREYSEPTEMBER">A Detail of the Grey September Garden</a></span></td><td align="right">100</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#YUCCASANDGREYFOLIAGE">Yuccas and Grey Foliage</a></span></td><td align="right">102</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#AFRONTEDGEOFGREYFOLIAGE">A Front Edge of Grey Foliage</a></span></td><td align="right">103</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#HARDYGRAPEVINEONSOUTH">Hardy Grape Vine on South Side of House</a></span></td><td align="right">106</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#HARDYGRAPEVINEONHOUSE">Hardy Grape Vine on House Wall</a></span></td><td align="right">107</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#VINEANDFIG">Vine and Fig at Door of Mushroom House</a></span></td><td align="right">108<span class="pagenum" id="Page_xiv">xiv</span></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#CLEMATISMONTANAATANGLEOFCOURT">Clematis Montana at Angle of Court</a></span></td><td align="right">108</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#CLEMATISMONTANAOVERWORKSHOPWINDOW">Clematis Montana over Workshop Window</a></span></td><td align="right">108</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#CLEMATISMONTANATRAINEDASGARLANDS">Clematis Montana trained as Garlands</a></span></td><td align="right">108</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#CLEMATISFLAMMULAAND">Clematis Flammula and Spiræa Lindleyana</a></span></td><td align="right">108</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#ABUTILONVITIFOLIUM">Abutilon Vitifolium</a></span></td><td align="right">108</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#IPOMOEAHEAVENLYBLUE">Ipomœa "Heavenly Blue"</a></span></td><td align="right">108</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#SOLANUMJASMINOIDES">Solanum Jasminoides</a></span></td><td align="right">108</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#CLEMATISFLAMMULAONANGLEOFCOTTAGE">Clematis Flammula on Angle of Cottage</a></span></td><td align="right">108</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#CLEMATISFLAMMULAONCOTTAGE">Clematis Flammula on Cottage</a></span></td><td align="right">109</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#CLEMATISFLAMMULAONAWOODENFENCE">Clematis Flammula on a Wooden Fence</a></span></td><td align="right">110</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#SWEETVERBENA">Sweet Verbena</a></span></td><td align="right">111</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#POTPLANTSJUSTPLACED">Pot Plants just placed</a></span></td><td align="right">112</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#PLANTSINPOTSINTHESHADEDCOURT">Plants in Pots in the Shaded Court</a></span></td><td align="right">112</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#MAIDENSWREATH">Maiden's Wreath (Francoa Ramosa)</a></span></td><td align="right">112</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#MAIDENSWREATHBYTANK">Maiden's Wreath by Tank</a></span></td><td align="right">113</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#GERANIUMSANDCANNAS">Geraniums, &c., in a Stone-edged Bed</a></span></td><td align="right">116</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#MAIDENSWREATHINPOTSABOVETANK">Maiden's Wreath in Pots above Tank</a></span></td><td align="right">116</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#FUNKIAHYDRANGEAANDLILY">Funkia, Hydrangea and Lily in the Shaded Court</a></span></td><td align="right">116</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#FUNKIAANDLILIUMSPECIOSUM">Funkia and Lilium Speciosum</a></span></td><td align="right">117</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#LILIUMAURATUM">Lilium Auratum</a></span></td><td align="right">120</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#ATUBHYDRANGEA">A Tub Hydrangea</a></span></td><td align="right">120</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#STEPSANDHYDRANGEAS">Steps and Hydrangeas</a></span></td><td align="right">120</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#THENARROWSOUTHLAWN">The Narrow South Lawn</a></span></td><td align="right">121</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#HYDRANGEATUBSANDBIRCH">Hydrangea Tubs and Birch-Tree Seat</a></span></td><td align="right">124</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#HYDRANGEATUBSANDNUTWALK">Hydrangea Tubs and Nut Walk</a></span></td><td align="right">124</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#WHITELILIES">White Lilies</a></span></td><td align="right">124</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#THESTEPSANDTHEIRINCIDENTS">The Steps and Their Incidents</a></span></td><td align="right">125</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#THEBEAUTIFULFRUITGARDEN">Plan—The Beautiful Fruit Garden</a></span></td><td align="right">129</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap"><a href="#AWILDHEATHGARDEN">Plan—A Wild Heath Garden</a></span></td><td align="right">139</td></tr> -</table></div> -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_1">1</span></p> - - -</div><div class="chapter"> - -<p class="half-title">COLOUR IN THE FLOWER<br /> -GARDEN</p> - - - - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_I" id="CHAPTER_I"></a>CHAPTER I<br /> - -<small>A MARCH STUDY AND THE BORDER OF -EARLY BULBS</small></h2> - - -<p>There comes a day towards the end of March when -there is but little wind, and that is from the west or -even south-west. The sun has gained much power, -so that it is pleasant to sit out in the garden, or, better -still, in some sunny nook of sheltered woodland. There -is such a place among silver-trunked Birches, with -here and there the splendid richness of masses of dark -Holly. The rest of the background above eye-level -is of the warm bud-colour of the summer-leafing trees, -and, below, the fading rust of the now nearly flattened -fronds of last year's Bracken, and the still paler drifts -of leaves from neighbouring Oaks and Chestnuts. The -sunlight strikes brightly on the silver stems of the -Birches, and casts their shadows clear-cut across the -grassy woodland ride. The grass is barely green as -yet, but has the faint winter green of herbage not yet -grown and still powdered with the short remnants -of the fine-leaved, last-year-mown heath grasses. -Brown leaves still hang on young Beech and Oak.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_2">2</span> -The trunks of the Spanish Chestnuts are elephant-grey, -a notable contrast to the sudden, vivid shafts -of the Birches. Some groups of the pale early Pyrenean -Daffodil gleam level on the ground a little way forward.</p> - -<p>It is the year's first complete picture of flower-effect -in the woodland landscape. The place is not very far -from the house, in the nearest hundred yards of the -copse; where flowers seem to be more in place than -further away. Looking to the left, the long ridge and -south slope of the house-roof is seen through the -leafless trees, though the main wall-block is hidden by -the sheltering Hollies and Junipers.</p> - -<p>Coming down towards the garden by another broad -grassy way, that goes westward through the Chestnuts -and then turns towards the down-hill north, there -comes yet another deviation through Rhododendrons -and Birches to the main lawn. But before the last -turn there is a pleasant mass of colour showing in the -wood-edge on the dead-leaf carpet. It is a straggling -group of <i>Daphne Mezereon</i>, with some clumps of red -Lent Hellebores, and, to the front, some half-connected -patches of the common Dog-tooth Violet. The nearly -related combination of colour is a delight to the trained -colour-eye. There is nothing brilliant; it is all -restrained, refined, in harmony with the veiled light -that reaches the flowers through the great clumps of -Hollies and tall half-overhead Chestnuts and neighbouring -Beech. The colours are all a little "sad," -as the old writers so aptly say of the flower-tints of -secondary strength. But it is a perfect picture. One -comes to it again and again as one does to any picture -that is good to live with.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_3">3</span></p> - -<p>To devise these living pictures with simple well-known -flowers seems to me the best thing to do in -gardening. Whether it is the putting together of two -or three kinds of plants, or even of one kind only in -some happy setting, or whether it is the ordering of a -much larger number of plants, as in a flower-border of -middle and late summer, the intention is always the -same. Whether the arrangement is simple and modest, -whether it is obvious or whether it is subtle, whether -it is bold and gorgeous, the aim is always to use the -plants to the best of one's means and intelligence so -as to form pictures of living beauty.</p> - -<p>It is a thing that I see so rarely attempted, and that -seems to me so important, that the wish to suggest it -to others, and to give an idea of examples that I have -worked out, in however modest a way, is the purpose -of this book.</p> - -<p>These early examples within the days of March are -of special interest because as yet flowers are but few; -the mind is less distracted by much variety than later -in the year, and is more readily concentrated on the -few things that may be done and observed; so that -the necessary restriction is a good preparation, by -easy steps, for the wider field of observation that is -presented later.</p> - -<p>Now we pass on through the dark masses of Rhododendron -and the Birches that shoot up among them. -How the silver stems, blotched and banded with varied -browns and greys so deep in tone that they show like a -luminous black, tell among the glossy Rhododendron -green; and how strangely different is the way of -growth of the two kinds of tree; the tall white trunks<span class="pagenum" id="Page_4">4</span> -spearing up through the dense, dark, leathery leaf-masses -of solid, roundish outline, with their delicate network of -reddish branch and spray gently swaying far overhead!</p> - -<p>Now we come to the lawn, which slopes a little -downward to the north. On the right it has a low -retaining-wall, whose top line is level; it bears up a -border and pathway next the house's western face. -The border and wall are all of a piece, for it is a dry -wall partly planted with the same shrubby and half-shrubby -things that are in the earth above. They -have been comforting to look at all the winter; a -pleasant grey coating of Phlomis, Lavender, Rosemary, -Cistus and Santolina; and at the end and angle where -the wall is highest, a mass of <i>Pyrus japonica</i>, planted -both above and below, already showing its rose-red -bloom. At one point at the foot of the wall is a -strong tuft of <i>Iris stylosa</i> whose first blooms appeared -in November. This capital plant flowers bravely all -through the winter in any intervals of open weather. -It likes a sunny place against a wall in poor soil. If -it is planted in better ground the leaves grow very tall -and it gives but little bloom.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="IRISSTYLOSA"> -<img src="images/i_021.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>IRIS STYLOSA.</i></div> -</div> - -<p>Now we pass among some shrub-clumps, and at the -end come upon a cheering sight; a tree of <i>Magnolia -conspicua</i> bearing hundreds of its great white cups of -fragrant bloom. Just before reaching it, and taking -part with it in the garden picture, are some tall bushes -of <i>Forsythia suspensa</i>, tossing out many-feet-long -branches loaded with their burden of clear yellow -flowers. They are ten to twelve feet high, and one -looks up at much of the bloom clear-cut against the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_5">5</span> -pure blue of the sky; the upper part of the Magnolia -also shows against the sky. Here there is a third -flower-picture; this time of warm white and finest -yellow on brilliant blue, and out in open sunlight. -Among the Forsythias is also a large bush of <i>Magnolia -stellata</i>, whose milk-white flowers may be counted by -the thousand. As the earlier <i>M. conspicua</i> goes out of -bloom it comes into full bearing, keeping pace with -the Forsythia, whose season runs on well into April.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="MAGNOLIACONSPICUA"> -<img src="images/i_022.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>MAGNOLIA CONSPICUA.</i></div> -</div> - -<p>It is always a little difficult to find suitable places -for the early bulbs. Many of them can be enjoyed in -rough and grassy places, but we also want to combine -them into pretty living pictures in the garden proper.</p> - -<p>Nothing seems to me more unsatisfactory than the -usual way of having them scattered about in small -patches in the edges of flower-borders, where they -only show as little disconnected dabs of colour, and -where they are necessarily in danger of disturbance -and probable injury when their foliage has died down -and their places are wanted for summer flowers.</p> - -<p>It was a puzzle for many years to know how to -treat these early bulbs, but at last a plan was devised -that seems so satisfactory that I have no hesitation -in advising it for general adoption.</p> - -<p>On the further side of a path that bounds my June -garden is a border about seventy feet long and ten -feet wide. At every ten feet along the back is a -larch post planted with a free-growing Rose. These -are not only to clothe their posts but are to grow into -garlands swinging on slack chains from post to post. -Beyond are Bamboos, and then an old hedge-bank<span class="pagenum" id="Page_6">6</span> -with Scotch Firs, Oaks, Thorns, &c. The border -slopes upwards from the path, forming a bank of -gentle ascent. It was first planted with hardy Ferns -in bold drifts; Male Fern for the most part, because -it is not only handsome but extremely persistent; -the fronds remaining green into the winter. The Fern-spaces -are shown in the plan by diagonal hatching; -between them come the bulbs, with a general edging -to the front of mossy Saxifrage.</p> - -<p>The colour-scheme begins with the pink of <i>Megasea -ligulata</i>, and with the lower-toned pinks of <i>Fumaria -bulbosa</i> and the Dog-tooth Violets (<i>Erythronium</i>). At -the back of these are Lent Hellebores of dull red colouring, -agreeing charmingly with the colour of the bulbs. -A few white Lent Hellebores are at the end; they -have turned to greenish white by the time the rather -late <i>Scilla amœna</i> is in bloom. Then comes a brilliant -patch of pure blue with white—<i>Scilla sibirica</i> and -white Hyacinths, followed by the also pure blues of -<i>Scilla bifolia</i> and <i>Chionodoxa</i> and the later, more purple-blue -of Grape Hyacinth. A long drift of white Crocus -comes next, in beauty in the border's earliest days; -and later, the blue-white of <i>Puschkinia</i>; then again -pure blue and white of <i>Chionodoxa</i> and white Hyacinth.</p> - -<p>Now the colours change to white and yellow and -golden foliage, with the pretty little pale trumpet -Daffodil Consul Crawford, and beyond it the stronger -yellow of two other small early kinds—<i>N. nanus</i> and -the charming little <i>N. minor</i>, quite distinct though so -often confounded with <i>nanus</i> in gardens. With these, -and in other strips and patches towards the end of the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_7">7</span> -border, are plantings of the Golden Valerian, so useful -for its bright yellow foliage quite early in the year. -The leaves of the Orange Day-lily are also of a pale -yellowish green colour when they first come up, and -are used at the end of the border. These plants of -golden and pale foliage are also placed in a further -region beyond the plan, and show to great advantage -as the eye enfilades the border and reaches the more -distant places. Before the end of the bulb-border is -reached there is once more a drift of harmonised faint -pink colouring of <i>Megasea</i> and the little <i>Fumaria</i> -(also known as <i>Corydalis bulbosa</i>) with the pale early -Pyrenean Daffodil, <i>N. pallidus præcox</i>.</p> - -<p>The bulb-flowers are not all in bloom exactly at the -same time, but there is enough of the colour intended -to give the right effect in each grouping. Standing -at the end, just beyond the Dog-tooth Violets, the -arrangement and progression of colour is pleasant -and interesting, and in some portions vivid; the pure -blues in the middle spaces being much enhanced by -the yellow flowers and golden foliage that follow.</p> - -<p>Through April and May the leaves of the bulbs are -growing tall, and their seed-pods are carefully removed -to prevent exhaustion. By the end of May the Ferns -are throwing up their leafy crooks; by June the -feathery fronds are displayed in all their tender freshness; -they spread over the whole bank, and we forget -that there are any bulbs between. By the time the -June garden, whose western boundary it forms, has -come into fullest bloom it has become a completely -furnished bank of Fern-beauty.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="MAGNOLIASTELLATA"> -<img src="images/i_026.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>MAGNOLIA STELLATA.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="FERNSINTHEBULBBORDER"> -<img src="images/i_027.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>FERNS IN THE BULB BORDER.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="THEBANKOFEARLYBULBS"> -<a href="images/i_028.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_028thumb.jpg" alt="" /></a> -<div class="caption"><i>THE BANK OF EARLY BULBS.</i></div> -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_8">8</span></p> - - -</div><div class="chapter"> - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_II" id="CHAPTER_II"></a>CHAPTER II<br /> - -<small>THE WOOD</small></h2> - - -<p>Ten acres is but a small area for a bit of woodland, -yet it can be made apparently much larger by well-considered -treatment. As the years pass and the -different portions answer to careful guidance, I am -myself surprised to see the number and wonderful -variety of the pictures of sylvan beauty that it displays -throughout the year. I did not specially aim at -variety, but, guided by the natural conditions of each -region, tried to think out how best they might be -fostered and perhaps a little bettered.</p> - -<p>The only way in which variety of aspect was deliberately -chosen was in the way of thinning out the -natural growths. It was a wood of seedling trees that -had come up naturally after an old wood of Scotch -Fir had been cut down, and it seemed well to clear -away all but one, or in some cases two kinds of trees in -the several regions. Even in this the intention was to -secure simplicity rather than variety, so that in moving -about the ground there should be one thing at a time -to see and enjoy. It is just this quality of singleness -or simplicity of aim that I find wanting in gardens in -general, where one may see quantities of the best -plants grandly grown and yet no garden pictures.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_9">9</span></p> - -<p>Of course one has to remember that there are many -minds to which this need of an artist's treatment of -garden and woodland does not appeal, just as there -are some who do not care for music or for poetry, or -who see no difference between the sculpture of the -old Greeks and that of any modern artist who is not -of the first rank, or to whom architectural refinement -is as an unknown language. And in the case of the -more superficial enjoyment of flowers one has sympathy -too. For a love of flowers, of any kind, however -shallow, is a sentiment that makes for human sympathy -and kindness, and is in itself uplifting, as everything -must be that is a source of reverence and admiration. -Still, the object of this book is to draw attention, -however slightly and imperfectly, to the better ways of -gardening, and to bring to bear upon the subject -some consideration of that combination of common -sense, sense of beauty and artistic knowledge that -can make plain ground and growing things into a -year-long succession of living pictures. Common sense -I put first, because it restrains from any sort of folly -or sham or affectation. Sense of beauty is the gift of -God, for which those who have received it in good -measure can never be thankful enough. The nurturing -of this gift through long years of study, observation, -and close application in any one of the ways -in which fine art finds expression is the training of -the artist's brain and heart and hand. The better a -human mind is trained to the perception of beauty -the more opportunities will it find of exercising this -precious gift and the more directly will it be brought<span class="pagenum" id="Page_10">10</span> -to bear upon even the very simplest matters of everyday -life, and always to their bettering.</p> - -<p>So it was in the wood of young seedling trees, where -Oak and Holly, Birch, Beech and Mountain Ash, -came up together in a close thicket of young saplings. -It seemed well to consider, in the first place, how to -bring something like order into the mixed jumble, -and, the better to do this, to appeal to the little trees -themselves and see what they had to say about it.</p> - -<p>The ground runs on a natural slope downward to the -north, or, to be more exact, as the highest point is at -one corner, its surface is tilted diagonally all over. -So, beginning at the lower end of the woody growth, -near the place where the house some day might stand, -the first thing that appeared was a well-grown Holly, -and rather near it, another; both older trees than the -more recent seedling growth. Close to the second -Holly was a young Birch, the trunk about four inches -thick and already in the early pride of its silvering -bark. That was enough to prompt the decision that -this part of the wood should be of silver Birch and -Holly, so nearly all other growths were cut down or -pulled up. A hundred yards higher up there were -some strong young Oaks, then some Beeches, and, -all over the top of the ground a thick growth of young -Scotch Fir, while the western region had a good -sprinkling of promising Spanish Chestnut.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="DAFFODILSBYAWOODLANDPATH"> -<img src="images/i_033.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>DAFFODILS BY A WOODLAND PATH.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="WILDPRIMROSESINTHINWOODLAND"> -<img src="images/i_034.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>WILD PRIMROSES IN THIN WOODLAND.</i><br /> -(<i>From a Picture by Henry Moon.</i>)</div> -</div> - -<p>All these natural groupings were accepted, and a -first thinning was made of the smallest stuff of other -kinds. But it was done with the most careful watching, -for there were to be no harsh frontiers. One kind of<span class="pagenum" id="Page_11">11</span> -tree was to join hands with the next, and often a distinct -deviation was made to the general rule. For the -beautiful growth of the future wood was the thing that -mattered, rather than obedience to any inflexible law.</p> - -<p>Now, after twenty years, the saplings have become -trees and the preponderance of one kind of tree at a -time has given a feeling of repose and dignity. Here -and there something exceptional occurs, but it causes -interest, not confusion. Five woodland walks pass -upward through the trees; every one has its own -character, while its details change during the progress—never -abruptly but in leisurely sequence; as if inviting -the quiet stroller to stop a moment to enjoy -some little woodland suavity, and then gently enticing -him to go further, with agreeable anticipation of what -may come next. And if I may judge by the pleasure -that these woodland ways give to some of my friends -that I know are in sympathy with what I am trying -to do, and by my own thankful delight in them, I may -take it that my little sylvan pictures have come fairly -right, so that I may ask my reader to go with me in -spirit through some of them.</p> - -<p>My house, a big cottage, stands facing a little to -the east of south, just below the wood. The windows -of the sitting-room and its outer door, which stands -open in all fine summer weather, look up a straight -wide grassy way, the vista being ended by a fine old -Scotch Fir with a background of dark wood. This -old Fir and one other, and a number in and near the -southern hedge, are all that remain of the older wood -which was all of Scotch Fir.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_12">12</span></p> - -<p>This green wood walk, being the widest and most -important, is treated more boldly than the others—with -groups of Rhododendrons in the region rather -near the house, and for the rest only a biggish patch -of the two North American Brambles, the white-flowered -<i>Rubus nutkanus</i>, and the rosy <i>R. odoratus</i>. -In spring the western region of tall Spanish Chestnuts, -which begins just beyond the Rhododendrons, is -carpeted with Poets' Narcissus; the note of tender -white blossom being taken up and repeated by the -bloom-clouds of <i>Amelanchier</i>, that charming little -woodland flowering tree whose use in such ways is -so much neglected. Close to the ground in the distance -the light comes with brilliant effect through the young -leaves of a wide-spread carpet of Lily of the Valley, -whose clusters of sweet little white bells will be a -delight to see a month hence.</p> - -<p>The Rhododendrons are carefully grouped for -colour—pink, white, rose and red of the best qualities -are in the sunniest part, while, kept well apart from -them, near the tall Chestnuts and rejoicing in their -partial shade, are the purple colourings, of as pure -and cool a purple as may be found among carefully -selected <i>ponticum</i> seedlings and the few named kinds -that associate well with them. Some details of this -planting were given at length in my former book -"Wood and Garden."</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="THEWIDEWOOD-PATH"> -<img src="images/i_037.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>THE WIDE WOOD-PATH.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="CISTUSLAURIFOLIUS"> -<img src="images/i_038.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>CISTUS LAURIFOLIUS AT THE SUNNY ENTRANCE OF THE FERN WALK.</i></div> -</div> - -<p>Among the Rhododendrons, at points carefully -devised to be of good effect, either from the house or -from various points of the lawn and grass paths, are -strong groups of <i>Lilium auratum</i>; they give a new<span class="pagenum" id="Page_13">13</span> -picture of flower-beauty in the late summer and -autumn and till near the end of October. The dark, -strong foliage makes the best possible setting for the -Lilies, and gives each group of them its fullest value. -Another, narrower path, more to the east, is called the -Fern walk, because, besides the general growth of -Bracken that clothes the whole of the wood, there are -groups of common hardy Ferns in easy patches, -planted in such a way as to suggest that they grew -there naturally. The Male Fern, the beautiful Dilated -Shield Fern, and Polypody are native to the ground, -and it was easy to place these, in some cases merely -adding to a naturally grown tuft, so that they look -quite at home. Lady Fern, <i>Blechnum</i> and <i>Osmunda</i>, -and Oak and Beech Ferns have been added, the -<i>Osmunda</i> in a depression that collects the water from -any storms of rain.</p> - -<p>At the beginning of all these paths I took some pains -to make the garden melt imperceptibly into the wood, -and in each case to do it a different way. Where this -path begins the lawn ends at a group of Oak, Holly -and Cistus, with an undergrowth of Gaultheria and -Andromeda. The larger trees are to the left and the -small evergreen shrubs on a rocky mound to the right. -Within a few yards the turf path becomes a true -wood path. Just as wild gardening should never -look like garden gardening, or, as it so sadly often does, -like garden plants gone astray and quite out of place, -so wood paths should never look like garden paths. -There must be no hard edges, no conscious boundaries. -The wood path is merely an easy way that the eye<span class="pagenum" id="Page_14">14</span> -just perceives and the foot follows. It dies away -imperceptibly on either side into the floor of the wood -and is of exactly the same nature, only that it is -smooth and easy and is not encumbered by projecting -tree-roots, Bracken or Bramble, these being all removed -when the path is made.</p> - -<p>If it is open enough to allow of the growth of grass, -and the grass has to be cut, and is cut with a machine, -then a man with a faghook must follow to cut away -slantingly the hard edge of standing grass that is left -on each side. For the track of the machine not only -leaves the hard, unlovely edges, but also brings into -the wood the incongruous sentiment of that discipline -of trimness which belongs to the garden, and that, -even there in its own place, is often overdone.</p> - -<p>Now we are in the true wood-path among Oaks and -Birches. Looking round, the view is here and there -stopped by prosperous-looking Hollies, but for the -most part one can see a fair way into the wood. In -April the wood-floor is plentifully furnished with -Daffodils. Here, in the region furthest removed from -the white Poets' Daffodil of the upper ground, they -are all of trumpet kinds, and the greater number of -strong yellow colour. For the Daffodils range through -the wood in a regular sequence of kinds that is not -only the prettiest way to have them, but that I have -often found, in the case of people who did not know -their Daffodils well, served to make the whole story -of their general kinds and relationships clear and -plain; the hybrids of each group standing between -the parent kinds; these again leading through other<span class="pagenum" id="Page_15">15</span> -hybrids to further clearly defined species, ending with -the pure trumpets. As the sorts are intergrouped at -their edges, so that at least two removes are in view -at one time, the lesson in the general relationship of -kinds is easily learnt.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="AWOOD-PATHAMONGCHESTNUTS"> -<img src="images/i_041.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>A WOOD-PATH AMONG CHESTNUTS.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="AWOOD-PATHAMONGBIRCHES"> -<img src="images/i_042.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>A WOOD-PATH AMONG BIRCHES.</i></div> -</div> - -<p>They are planted, not in patches but in long drifts, -a way that not only shows the plant in good number -to better advantage, but that is singularly happy in -its effect in the woodland landscape. This is specially -noticeable towards the close of the day, when the -sunlight, yellowing as it nears the horizon, lights up -the long stretches of yellow bloom with an increase of -colour strength, while the wide-stretching shadow-lengths -throw the woodland shades into large <i>phrases</i> -of broadened mass, all subdued and harmonised by -the same yellow light that illuminates the long level -ranks of golden bloom.</p> - -<p>From this same walk in June, looking westward -through the Birch stems, the value of the careful -colour-scheme of the Rhododendrons is fully felt. -They are about a hundred yards away, and their mass -is broken by the groups of intervening tree-trunks, -but their brightness is all the more apparent seen from -under the nearer roofing mass of tree-top, and the -yellowing light makes the intended colour-effect still -more successful by throwing its warm tone over the -whole.</p> - -<p>But nearer at hand the Fern walk has its own -little pictures. In early summer there are patches of -<i>Trillium</i>, the white Wood Lily, in cool hollows among -the ferns, and, some twenty paces further up, another<span class="pagenum" id="Page_16">16</span> -wider group of the same. Between the two, spreading -through a mossy bank, in and out among the ferns -and right down to the path, next to a coming patch of -Oak Fern, is a charming little white flower. Its -rambling roots thread their way under the mossy -carpet, and every few inches throw up a neat little -stem and leaves crowned with a starry flower of -tenderest white. It is <i>Trientalis</i>, a native of our most -northern hill-woods, the daintiest of all woodland -flowers.</p> - -<p>To right and left white Foxgloves spire up among -the Bracken. When the Foxglove-seed is ripe, we -remember places in the wood where tree-stumps were -grubbed last winter. A little of the seed is scattered -in these places and raked in. Meanwhile one forgets -all about it till two years afterwards there are the -stately Foxgloves. It is good to see their strong spikes -of solid bloom standing six to seven feet high, and -then to look down again at the lowly <i>Trientalis</i> and -to note how the tender little blossom, poised on -its thread-like stem, holds its own in interest and -importance.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="CISTUSCYPRIUS"> -<img src="images/i_045.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>CISTUS CYPRIUS IN THE CISTUS CLEARING.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="CISTUSBYTHEWOOD-PATH"> -<img src="images/i_046.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>CISTUS BY THE WOOD-PATH.</i></div> -</div> - -<p>Further up the Fern walk, near the upper group of -<i>Trillium</i>, are some patches of a plant with roundish, -glittering leaves. It is a North American <i>Asarum</i> -(<i>A. virginicum</i>); the curious wax-like brown and -greenish flower, after the usual manner of its kind, -is short-stalked and hidden at the base of the leaf-stems. -Near it, and growing close to the ground in a -tuft of dark-green moss, is an interesting plant—<i>Goodyera -repens</i>, a terrestrial Orchid. One might<span class="pagenum" id="Page_17">17</span> -easily pass it by, for its curiously white-veined leaves -are half hidden in the moss, and its spike of pale -greenish white flower is not conspicuous; but, knowing -it is there, I never pass without kneeling down, both -to admire its beauty and to ensure its well-being by a -careful removal of a little of the deep moss here and -there where it threatens too close an invasion.</p> - -<p>Now there comes a break in the Fern walk, or rather -it takes another character. The end of one of the -wide green ways that we call the Lily path comes -into it on the right, and, immediately beyond this, -stands the second of the great Scotch Firs of the older -wood. The trunk, at five feet from the ground, has -a girth of nine and a half feet. The colour of the -rugged bark is a wonder of lovely tones of cool greys -and greens, and of a luminous deep brown in the fissures -and cavities. Where the outer layers have flaked off -it is a warm reddish grey, of a quality that is almost -peculiar to itself. This great tree's storm-rent head -towers up some seventy feet, far above the surrounding -foliage of Oak and Birch. Close to its foot, and -showing behind it as one comes up the Fern walk, -are a Holly and a Mountain Ash.</p> - -<p>This spot is a meeting-place of several ways. On -the right the wide green of the Lily path; then, still -bearing diagonally to the right, one of the ways into -the region of Azalia and Cistus; then, straight past -the big tree, a wood walk carpeted with Whortleberry -and passing through a whole Whortleberry region -under Oaks, Hollies and Beeches, and, lastly, the path -which is the continuation of the Fern walk. Looking<span class="pagenum" id="Page_18">18</span> -along it one sees, a little way ahead, a closer shade of -trees, for the most part Oak, but before entering this, -on the right-hand gently rising bank, is a sheet of -bright green leaves, closely set in May with neat spikes -of white bloom. It is <i>Smilacina bifolia</i>, otherwise -known as <i>Maianthemum bifolium</i>. The pretty little -plant has taken to the place in a way that rejoices the -heart of the wild gardener, joining in perfect accord -with the natural growth of short Whortleberry and a -background of the graceful fronds of Dilated Shield -Fern, and looking as if it was of spontaneous growth.</p> - -<p>Now the path passes a large Holly, laced through -and through with wild Honeysuckle. The Honeysuckle -stems that run up into the tree look like great -ropes, and a quantity of the small ends come showering -out of the tree-top and over the path, like a tangled -veil of small cordage.</p> - -<p>The path has been steadily rising, and now the -ascent is a little steeper. The character of the trees -is changing; Oaks are giving way to Scotch Firs. -Just where this change begins the bank to right and -left is covered with the fresh, strong greenery of -<i>Gaultheria Shallon</i>. About twenty years ago a few -small pieces were planted. Now it is a mass of close -green growth two to three feet high and thirty paces -long, and extending for several yards into the wood -to right and left. In a light, peaty soil such as this, -it is the best of undershrubs. It is in full leaf-beauty -in the dead of winter, while in early summer it bears -clusters of good flowers of the Arbutus type. These -are followed by handsome dark berries nearly as<span class="pagenum" id="Page_19">19</span> -large as black currants, covered with a blue-grey -bloom.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="GAULTHERIASHALLONINFLOWER"> -<img src="images/i_049.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>GAULTHERIA SHALLON IN FLOWER.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="GAULTHERIASHALLONINFRUIT"> -<img src="images/i_050.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>GAULTHERIA SHALLON IN FRUIT.</i></div> -</div> - -<p>Now the path crosses another of the broad turfy -ways, but here the turf is all of Heath; a fourteen-foot -wide road of grey-rosy bloom in August; and now -we are in the topmost region of Scotch Fir, with -undergrowth of Whortleberry.</p> - -<p>The wood path next to this goes nearly straight up -through the middle of the ground. It begins at another -point of the small lawn next the house, and passes -first by a turf walk through a mounded region of -small shrubs and carefully placed pieces of the local -sandstone. Andromeda, Skimmia, and Alpenrose have -grown into solid masses, so that the rocky ridges peer -out only here and there. And when my friends say, -"But then, what a chance you had with that shelf of -rock coming naturally out of the ground," I feel the -glowing warmth of an inward smile and think that -perhaps the stones have not been so badly placed.</p> - -<p>Near the middle of the woody ground a space was -cleared that would be large enough to be sunny throughout -the greater part of the day. This was for Cistuses. -It is one of the compensations for gardening on the -poorest of soils that these delightful shrubs do well -with only the preparation of digging up and loosening -the sand, for my soil is nothing better. The kinds -that are best in the woody landscape are <i>C. laurifolius</i> -and <i>C. cyprius</i>; <i>laurifolius</i> is the hardiest, <i>cyprius</i> -rather the more beautiful, with its three-and-a-half-inch -wide flowers of tenderest white with a red-purple -blotch at the base of each petal. Its growth, also, is<span class="pagenum" id="Page_20">20</span> -rather more free and graceful. It is the kind usually -sold as <i>ladaniferus</i>, and flowers in July. <i>C. laurifolius</i> -is a bush of rather denser habit; it bears an abundance -of bloom rather smaller than that of <i>C. cyprius</i>, and -without the coloured blotch. But when it grows old -and some of its stems are borne down and lie along -the ground, the habit changes and it acquires a free -pictorial character. These two large-growing Cistuses -are admirable for wild planting in sunny wood edges. -The illustrations (pp. <a href="#CISTUSCYPRIUS">16</a>, <a href="#CISTUSBYTHEWOOD-PATH">17</a>) show their use, not only in -their own ground, but by the sides of the grassy ways -and the regions where the wood paths leave the lawn.</p> - -<p>The sheltered, sunny Cistus clearing has an undergrowth -of wild heaths that are native to the ground, -but a very few other Heaths are added, namely, <i>Erica -ciliata</i> and the Cornish Heath; and there is a -fine patch at the joining of two of the little grassy -paths of the white form of the Irish Heath (<i>Menziesia -polifolia</i>).</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="WHITEIRISHHEATH"> -<img src="images/i_053.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>WHITE IRISH HEATH.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="THESPRINGGARDENFROMD"> -<img src="images/i_054.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>THE SPRING GARDEN FROM</i> <b>D</b> <i>ON PLAN. "NEAR ROCK" IS TO THE LEFT.</i></div> -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_21">21</span></p> - - -</div><div class="chapter"> - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_III" id="CHAPTER_III"></a>CHAPTER III<br /> - -<small>THE SPRING GARDEN</small></h2> - - -<p>As my garden falls naturally into various portions, -distinct enough from each other to allow of separate -treatment, I have found it well to devote one space at -a time, sometimes mainly, sometimes entirely, to the -flowers of one season of the year.</p> - -<p>There is therefore one portion that is a complete -little garden of spring flowers. It begins to show some -bloom by the end of March, but its proper season is -the month of April and three weeks of May.</p> - -<p>In many places the spring garden has to give way -to the summer garden, a plan that greatly restricts -the choice of plants, and necessarily excludes some of -the finest flowers of the early year.</p> - -<p>My spring garden lies at the end and back of a high -wall that shelters the big summer flower border from -the north and north-west winds. The line of the wall -is continued as a Yew hedge that in time will rise to -nearly the same height, about eleven feet. At the far -end the Yew hedge returns to the left so as to fence -in the spring flowers from the east and to hide some -sheds. The space also encloses some beds of Tree -Peonies and a plot of grass, roughly circular in shape, -about eight yards across, which is nearly surrounded<span class="pagenum" id="Page_22">22</span> -by Oaks, Hollies and Cobnuts. The plan shows its -disposition. It is of no design; the space was accepted -with its own conditions, arranged in the simplest way -as to paths, and treated very carefully for colour. It -really makes as pretty a picture of spring flowers as -one could wish to see.</p> - -<p>The chief mass of colour is in the main border. The -circles marked V and M are strong plants of Veratrum -and Myrrhis. Gardens of spring flowers generally have -a thin, poor effect for want of plants of important -foliage. The greater number of them look what they -are—temporary makeshifts. It seemed important -that in this little space, which is given almost entirely -to spring flowers, this weakness should not be allowed. -But herbaceous plants of rather large growth with fine -foliage in April and May are not many. The best I -could think of are <i>Veratrum nigrum</i>, <i>Myrrhis odorata</i> -and the newer <i>Euphorbia Wulfenii</i>. The <i>Myrrhis</i> is -the Sweet Cicely of old English gardens. It is an umbelliferous -plant with large fern-like foliage, that makes -early growth and flowers in the beginning of May. At -three years old a well-grown plant is a yard high and -across. After that, if the plants are not replaced by -young ones they grow too large, though they can be -kept in check by a careful removal of the outer leaves -and by cutting out some whole crowns when the plant -is making its first growth. The Veratrum, with its -large, deeply plaited, undivided leaves is in striking -contrast, but the two kinds of plants, in groups as the -plan shows, with running patches of the large form of -<i>Megasea cordifolia</i>, the great <i>Euphorbia Wulfenii</i> and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a><br /><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span> -some groups of Black Hellebore, just give that comfortable -impression of permanence and distinct intention -that are usually so lamentably absent from gardens -of spring flowers.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="PLANOFTHESPRINGGARDEN"> -<a href="images/i_057.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_057thumb.jpg" alt="" /></a> -<div class="caption"><i>PLAN OF THE SPRING GARDEN.</i></div> -</div> - -<p>Many years ago I came to the conclusion that in all -flower borders it is better to plant in long rather than -block-shaped patches. It not only has a more pictorial -effect, but a thin long planting does not leave an -unsightly empty space when the flowers are done and -the leaves have perhaps died down. The word "drift" -conveniently describes the shape I have in mind and -I commonly use it in speaking of these long-shaped -plantings.</p> - -<p>Such drifts are shown faintly in the plan, reduced in -number and simplified in form, but serving to show -the general manner of planting. There are of course -many plants that look best in a distinct clump or even -as single examples, such as <i>Dictamnus</i> (the Burning -Bush), and the beautiful pale yellow <i>Pæonia wittmanniana</i>, -a single plant of which is marked W near -the beginning of the main border.</p> - -<p>For the first seven or eight yards, in the front and -middle spaces, there are plants of tender colouring—pale -Primroses, Tiarella, pale yellow Daffodils, pale -yellow early Iris, pale lemon Wallflower, double Arabis, -white Anemones and the palest of the lilac Aubrietias; -also a beautiful pale lilac Iris, one of the Caparne -hybrids; with long drifts of white and pale yellow -Tulips—nothing deeper in colour than the graceful -<i>Tulipa retroflexa</i>. At the back of the border the colours -are darker; purple Wallflower and the great dull red<span class="pagenum" id="Page_25">25</span>-purple -double Tulip so absurdly called Bleu Celeste. -These run through and among and behind the first -clump of Veratrums.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="THEFERN-LIKESWEETCICELY"> -<img src="images/i_059.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>THE FERN-LIKE SWEET CICELY.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="THESPRINGGARDENFROME"> -<img src="images/i_060.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>THE SPRING GARDEN FROM</i> <b>E</b> <i>ON PLAN. "FURTHER ROCK" IS ON THE -NEAR RIGHT HAND.</i></div> -</div> - -<p>In the middle of the length of the border there is -still a good proportion of tender and light colouring in -front: white Primroses and Daffodils; the pale yellow -Uvularia and <i>Adonis vernalis</i>; but with these there are -stronger colours. Tulip Chrysolora of fuller yellow, -yellow Wallflowers, the tall Doronicum, and, towards -the back, several patches of yellow Crown Imperial.</p> - -<p>Then again in front, with more double Arabis, is the -lovely pale blue of <i>Myosotis dissitiflora</i> and <i>Mertensia -virginica</i>, and, with sheets of the foam-like Tiarella, -the tender pink of <i>Dicentra eximia</i> and pink and rose-red -Tulips. At the back of this come scarlet Tulips, -the stately cream-white form of <i>Camassia Leichtlini</i> -and a bold tuft of Solomon's Seal; then Orange Tulips, -brown Wallflowers, Orange Crown Imperial, and taller -scarlet Tulips of the <i>gesneriana</i> class. The strong -colouring is repeated beyond the cross-path where the -patches of Acanthus are shown, with more orange -Tulips, brown Wallflowers, orange Crown Imperial and -great flaming scarlet <i>gesneriana</i> Tulips. All this shows -up finely against the background of dark yew. At -the extreme end, where the yew hedge returns forward -at a right angle, this point is accentuated by a raised -mound of triangular shape, dry-walled and slightly -curved forward on the side facing the border and the -spectator. On this at the back is a young plant of -<i>Yucca gloriosa</i> for display in future years and a front -planting of the large growing <i>Euphorbia Wulfenii</i>, one<span class="pagenum" id="Page_26">26</span> -of the grandest and most pictorial of plants of recent -acquirement for garden use.</p> - -<p>The Acanthus and Yucca are of course plants of -middle and late summer; between them are some -Tritomas. These plants are here because one of the -most often used of the garden thoroughfares passes -the point C, which is a thick-roofed arch of Rose and -Clematis, and, seen from this point and framed by the -near greenery, they form a striking picture of middle-distant -form and colour in the later summer.</p> - -<p>The space marked Further Rock is an upward-sloping -bank; the Hollies standing in rather higher -ground. Here the plants are between, and tumbling -over, rocky ridges. Next the large Holly, and extending -to the middle of the rocky promontory, are -again the strong reds and browns, with accompanying -bronze-red foliage of <i>Heuchera Richardsoni</i>. This gives -place to dark green carpeting masses of Iberis with -cold-white bloom, and, nearer the path, <i>Lithospermum -prostratum</i>; the flower-colour here changing, through -white, to blue and bluish; <i>Myosotis</i> in front telling -charmingly against the dark-leaved <i>Lithospermum</i>. -At the highest points, next to a great crowning boulder, -is the Common Blue Iris and a paler one of the beautiful -Caparne series. Then down to the path where it begins -to turn is a drift of the bluish lilac <i>Phlox divaricata</i>, -and, opposite the cross-path, some jewels of the newer -pale yellow <i>Alyssum sulphureum</i>. This rocky shoulder -is also enlivened by a natural-looking but very carefully -considered planting of white Tulips that run through -both the blue and the red regions.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_27">27</span></p> - -<p>The corner marked Near Rock is also a slightly -raised bank. The dark dots are cobnuts; the dotted -line between is where there are garlands of <i>Clematis -montana</i> that swing on ropes between the nuts. The -garlands dip down and nearly meet the flowers of some -pale pink Tree Peonies. Open spaces above the garlands -and under the meeting branches of the nuts give -glimpses of distant points where some little scheme -has been devised to please the eye, such as the bit of -bank to the left of Seat A, where there are two little -fish-like drifts of palest Aubrietia in a dense grey -setting of Cerastium.</p> - -<p>The point of the Near Rock next the path agrees -with the colouring opposite, but also has features of -its own; a groundwork of grey <i>Antennaria</i>, the soft -lilac-pink of the good <i>Aubrietia Moorheimi</i> changing -to the left to the fuller pink of <i>Phlox amœna</i>, and above -to the type colour of Aubrietia and the newer strong -purples such as the variety Dr. Mules. To the left, -towards the oaks, the colouring is mostly purple, with -strong tufts of the Spring Bitter Vetch (<i>Orobus vernus</i>), -purple Wallflowers, and, under and behind the nuts, -purple Honesty. Thin streams of white Tulips intermingle -with other streams of pink Tulips that crown -the angle and flow down again to the main path between -ridges of double Arabis, white Iberis, and cloudy masses -of the pretty pale yellow <i>Corydalis ochroleuca</i>, which -spreads into a wide carpet under the Tree Peonies and -Clematis garlands.</p> - -<p>Further along, just clear of the nuts, are some patches -of <i>Dielytra spectabilis</i>, its graceful growth arching out<span class="pagenum" id="Page_28">28</span> -over the lower stature of pink Tulips and harmonising -charmingly with the pinkish-green foliage of the Tree -Peonies just behind. The pink Tulips are here in some -quantity; they run boldly into pools of pale blue -Myosotis, with more Iberis where the picture demands -the strongest, deepest green, and more Corydalis where -the softer, greyer tones will make it better.</p> - -<p>The space marked Shade, always in shade from -the nuts and oaks, is planted with rather large patches -of the handsome white-flowered <i>Dentaria</i>, the graceful -North American <i>Uvularia grandiflora</i>, in habit like a -small Solomon's Seal but with yellow flowers much -larger in proportion; with Myrrhis and purple Honesty -at the back and sheets of Sweet Woodruff to the front.</p> - -<p>There are Tree Peonies in the long border and the -two others. It is difficult to grow them in my hot, -dry, sandy soil, even though I make them a liberal -provision of just such a compost as I think they will -like. I have noticed that they do best when closely -overshadowed by some other growing thing. In the -two near beds there are some Mme. Alfred Carrière Roses -that are trained to arch over to the angles, so to comfort -and encourage the Peonies. These beds have an -informal edging of <i>Stachys lanata</i>, one of the most useful -of plants for grey effects. Through it come white -Tulips in irregular patches.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="FURTHERROCKFROMG"> -<img src="images/i_065.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>"FURTHER ROCK," FROM</i> <b>G</b> <i>ON PLAN</i>.</div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="FURTHERROCKFROMH"> -<img src="images/i_066.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>"FURTHER ROCK" FROM</i> <b>H</b> <i>ON PLAN: IBERIS, PHLOX STELLARIA AND -PHLOX DIVARICATA, WHITE TULIPS AND BLUE IRIS</i>.</div> -</div> - -<p>The long border has also Tree Peonies planted about -two and a half feet from the edge. Partly to give the -bed a sort of backbone, and partly to shelter the Tree -Peonies, it has some bushes of <i>Veronica Traversi</i> and -one or two <i>Leycesteria formosa</i>. In the middle of the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_29">29</span> -length is a clump of <i>Lilium giganteum</i> and a biggish -grouping of <i>Dielytra spectabilis</i>. All along the outer -border there are patches and long straggling groups of -the pretty dwarf Irises of the <i>pumila</i>, <i>olbiensis</i> and -<i>chamæ-iris</i> sections, with others of the same class of -stature and habit. Any bare spaces are filled with -Wallflowers and Honesty in colours that accord with -the general arrangement. The narrow border has -mostly small shrubs, Berberis and so on, forming one -mass with the hedge to the left, which consists of a -double dry wall about four feet high, with earth between -and a thick growth on the top of Berberis, <i>Rosa lucida</i> -and Scotch Briers. Except the Berberis these make no -show of flower within the blooming time of the spring -garden, but the whole is excellent as a background.</p> - -<p>Red primroses are in the narrow border next to the -cross-wall; the wall here is much lower than the longer -one on the right. The Primroses are grouped with -the reddish leaved <i>Heuchera Richardsoni</i>, the two -together making a rich colour-harmony. Beyond them -are scarlet Tulips. The small shaded rounds in this -border and its continuation across the path into the -near end of the main border are stout larch posts -supporting a strong growth of Rose Mme. Alfred -Carrière and <i>Clematis montana</i>. These have grown -together into a solid continuously-intermingling mass, -the path at C passing under a low arch of their united -branches. The high wall on the right is also covered -with flowering things of the early year, Morella Cherries, -<i>Rubus deliciosus</i> and <i>Clematis montana</i>, some of this -foaming over from the other side of the wall.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_30">30</span></p> - -<p>The wall is a part, about a third of the length, of the -high wall that protects the large border of summer and -autumn flowers from the north, and that forms the -dividing-line between the pleasure garden proper and -the working garden beyond.</p> - -<p>On the plan are letters with arrows referring to the -illustrations. The letter is at the spot where the -camera stood; the arrow points to the middle of the -picture. Thus the one taken from D shows two-thirds -of the longest path with the end of the big wall -and the Yew hedge that prolongs its line on the right -and the Nut-trees on the left. The colouring on the -right is of pale purple Aubrietia and double white -Arabis, with pale Daffodils, and, at the back, groups -of sulphur Crown Imperial.</p> - -<p>The more distant colouring is of brown Wallflower -and red Tulip and the bright mahogany-coloured Crown -Imperial. The picture from E is done from among -the reds and strong yellows and looks to point C, and -further, through the arch of Rose and Clematis, to the -Peony garden beyond. The other illustrations show -groups of colouring more in detail. The one from -F looks at Near Rock from one side. Over the -grey Stachys and its milk-white Tulips is seen the -flowery mass of pale and deep lilac, and pinkish lilac -with grey foliage, crowned with pink and white Tulips -near the foot of the Nuts. The picture from G -looks at the bit of bank called Further Rock with -its big piece of sandstone that looks as if it came -naturally out of the ground. Here is a mass of dead-white -Iberis with Tulips of a softer white, then the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_31">31</span> -lilac white of <i>Phlox stellaria</i> and the bluish lilac of -<i>Phlox divaricata</i>. The picture from H was done a -few days later. It shows the further mass of <i>Phlox -divaricata</i> more fully in bloom, and, among the white -Tulips above, a pretty pale lilac-blue hybrid Iris and -some taller stems of the common Blue Flag Iris just -coming into blossom. This picture shows the value -of the dark Yew hedge as a background to the flowers. -Just at the back of the flowery bank are Hollies, and -then the hedge. This has not yet come to its full -height and the top still shows a ragged outline, but in -two years' time it will have grown into shape.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="NEARROCKFROMF"> -<img src="images/i_069.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>"NEAR ROCK" FROM</i> <b>F</b> <i>ON PLAN: AUBRIETIAS, PHLOX AMŒNA AND -WHITE AND PINK TULIP.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="THEPRIMROSEGARDEN"> -<img src="images/i_070.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>THE PRIMROSE GARDEN.</i></div> -</div> - -<p>The Primrose garden is in a separate place among -Oaks and Hazels. It is for my special strain of large -yellow and white bunch Primroses, now arrived at a -state of fine quality and development by a system of -careful seed-selection that has been carried on for more -than thirty years.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_32">32</span></p> - - -</div><div class="chapter"> - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_IV" id="CHAPTER_IV"></a>CHAPTER IV<br /> - -<small>BETWEEN SPRING AND SUMMER</small></h2> - - -<p>When the Spring flowers are done, and before the full -June days come with the great Flag Irises and the -perennial Lupines, there is a kind of mid-season. If it -can be given a space of ground it will be well bestowed. -I have a place that I call the Hidden Garden, because -it is in a corner that might so easily be overlooked if -one did not know where to find it. No important -path leads into it, though two pass within ten yards -of it on either side. It is in a sort of clearing among -Ilex and Holly, and the three small ways into it are -devious and scarcely noticeable from the outside. -The most important of these, marked 1 on the plan, -passes between some clumps of overarching Bamboo -and through a short curved tunnel of Yew and Ilex. -Another, marked 2, is only just traceable among -Berberis under a large Birch, and comes sharply -round a tall Monterey Cypress. The third turns out -of one of the shady woodland glades and comes into -the little garden by some rough stone steps.</p> - -<p>The plan shows the simple arrangement; the paths -following the most natural lines that the place suggests. -The main path goes down some shallow, rough stone -steps with a sunny bank to the left and a rocky mound<span class="pagenum" id="Page_33">33</span> -to the right. The mound is crowned with small -shrubs, Alpine Rhododendrons and Andromeda. Both -this and the left-hand bank have a few courses of -rough dry-walling next the path on its lowest level. -A little cross-path curves into the main one from the -right.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="STEPSTOTHEHIDDENGARDEN"> -<img src="images/i_073.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>STEPS TO THE HIDDEN GARDEN AT</i> <b>3</b> <i>ON PLAN.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="PHLOXDIVARICATAAND"> -<img src="images/i_074.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>PHLOX DIVARICATA AND ARENARIA MONTANA.</i></div> -</div> - -<p>The path leaves the garden again by a repetition of -the rough stone steps. The mossy growth of <i>Arenaria -balearica</i> clings closely to the stones on their cooler -faces, and the frond-like growths of Solomon's Seal -hang out on either side as a fitting prelude to the dim -mysteries of the wide green wood-path beyond.</p> - -<p>It is a garden for the last days of May and the -first fortnight of June.</p> - -<p>Passing through the Yew tunnel, the little place -bursts on the sight with good effect. What is most -striking is the beauty of the blue-lilac <i>Phlox divaricata</i> -and that of two clumps of Tree Peony—the rosy -Baronne d'Alès and the pale salmon-pink Comtesse -de Tuder. The little garden, with its quiet environment -of dark foliage, forbids the use of strong colouring, -or perhaps one should say that it suggested a restriction -of the scheme of colouring to the tenderer tones. -There seemed to be no place here for the gorgeous -Oriental Poppies, although they too are finest in partial -shade, or for any strong yellows, their character -needing wider spaces and clearer sunlight.</p> - -<p>The Tree Peonies are in two groups of the two -kinds only; it seemed enough for the limited space. -In front of Comtesse de Tuder is a group of <i>Funkia -Sieboldi</i>, its bluish leaves harmonising delightfully<span class="pagenum" id="Page_34">34</span> -with the leaf-colour of the Peonies; next to them is -a corner of glistening deep green Asarum. No other -flowers of any size are near, but there are sheets of -the tender yellow bloom and pale foliage of <i>Corydalis -ochroleuca</i>, of the white-bloomed Woodruff, and the -pale green leafage of Epimedium; and among them -tufts of Lent Hellebores, also in fresh young leaf, and -a backing of the feathery fronds of Lady Fern and of -the large Solomon's Seal; with drooping garlands of -<i>Clematis montana</i> hanging informally from some rough -branching posts. Yew-trees are at the back, and -then Beeches in tender young leaf.</p> - -<p>The foot of the near mound is a pink cloud of London -Pride. Shooting up among it and just beyond is -the white St. Bruno's Lily. More of this lovely little -lily-like Anthericum is again a few feet further along, -grouped with <i>Iris Cengialti</i>, one of the bluest of the -Irises. The back of the mound has some of the -tenderly tinted Caparne hybrid Irises two feet high, -of pale lilac colouring, rising from among dark-leaved, -white-bloomed Iberis, and next the path a pretty, large-flowered -tufted Pansy that nearly matches the Iris.</p> - -<p>But the glory of the mound is the long stretch of -blue-lilac <i>Phlox divaricata</i>, whose colour is again -repeated by a little of the same on the sunny bank -to the left. Here it is grouped with pale pink Scotch -Brier, more pale yellow Corydalis and <i>Arenaria montana</i> -smothered in its masses of white bloom. At the end of -the bank the colour of the <i>Phlox divaricata</i> is deepened -by sheaves of <i>Camassia esculenta</i> that spear up through -it. The whole back of this bank has a free planting<span class="pagenum" id="Page_35">35</span> -of graceful pale-coloured Columbines with long spurs, -garden kinds that come easily from seed and that were -originally derived from some North American species. -They are pale yellow and warm white; some have the -outer portion of the flower of a faint purple, much like -that of some of the patches in an old, much-washed, -cotton patchwork quilt.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="MALEFERNINTHEHIDDENGARDEN"> -<img src="images/i_077.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>MALE FERN IN THE HIDDEN GARDEN.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="EXOCHORDAGRANDIFLORA"> -<img src="images/i_078.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>EXOCHORDA GRANDIFLORA.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="PLANOFTHEHIDDENGARDEN"> -<a href="images/i_079.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_079thumb.jpg" alt="" /></a> -<div class="caption"><i>PLAN OF THE HIDDEN GARDEN.</i></div> -</div> - -<p>The dark trees on the right have rambling Roses -growing into them—Paul's Carmine Pillar and the -Himalayan <i>R. Brunonis</i>. The red Rose does not -flower so freely here as on a pillar in sunlight, but its -fewer stems clamber high into the Holly and the bloom -shows in thin natural wreaths that are even more -pleasing to an artist's eye than the more ordered -abundance of the flowery post. At the foot of the -Hollies hardy Ferns grow luxuriantly in the constant -shade. A little later a few clumps of Lilies will spring -up from among them; the lovely pink <i>rubellum</i>, the -fine yellow <i>szovitzianum</i>, and the buff <i>testaceum</i>.</p> - -<p>On the left-hand side, behind the sunny bank, a -Garland Rose comes through and tumbles out of a Yew, -and some sprays of an old bush of the single <i>R. polyantha</i>, -that has spread to a circumference of one hundred -and fifty feet, have pushed their way through the Ilex.</p> - -<p>The Hollies and Ilexes all round are growing fast, -and before many years are over the little garden will -become too shady for the well-being of the flowers that -now occupy it. It will then change its character -and become a Fern garden.</p> - -<p>All gardening involves constant change. It is even -more so in woodland. A young bit of wood such as<span class="pagenum" id="Page_36">36</span> -mine is for ever changing. Happily, each new development -reveals new beauty of aspect or new -possibility of good treatment, such as, rightly apprehended -and then guided, tends to a better state than -before.</p> - -<p>Meanwhile the little tree-embowered garden has a -quiet charm of its own. It seems to delight in its -character of a Hidden Garden, and in the pleasant -surprise that its sudden discovery provokes. For -between it and its owner there is always a pretty little -play of pretending that there is no garden there, -and of being much surprised and delighted at finding, -not only that there is one, but quite a pretty one.</p> - -<p>The Hidden Garden is so small in extent, and its -boundaries are already so well grown, that there is no -room for many of the beautiful things of the time of -year. For May is the time for the blooming of the -most important of our well-known flowering shrubs—Lilac, -Guelder Rose, White Broom, Laburnum, and -<i>Pyrus Malus floribunda</i>. But one shrub, as beautiful -as any of these and as easily grown, seems to be forgotten. -This is <i>Exochorda grandiflora</i>—related to the -Spiræas. Its pearl-like buds have earned it the name -of Pearl Bush, but its whole lovely bloom should before -now have secured it a place in every good garden.</p> - -<p>Every one knows the Guelder Rose, with its round -white flower-balls, but the wild shrub of which this -is a garden variety is also a valuable ornamental bush -and should not be neglected. It is a native plant, -growing in damp places, such as the hedges of water-meadows -and the sides of streams. The English name<span class="pagenum" id="Page_37">37</span> -is Water Elder. Its merit as a garden shrub does not -lie, as in the Guelder Rose, in its bloom, but in its -singularly beautiful fruit. This, in autumn, lights -up the whole shrub with a ruddy radiance. Grown -on drier ground than that of its natural habitat, it -takes a closer, more compact form.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="EUPHORBIAWULFENII"> -<img src="images/i_083.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>EUPHORBIA WULFENII.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="IRISESANDLUPINES"> -<img src="images/i_084.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>IRISES AND LUPINES IN THE JUNE GARDEN.</i></div> -</div> - -<p>White Broom is in flower from the middle of May -to the second week of June. There is a fine Flag Iris -of a rich purple colour called "Purple King." It is -well to grow it just in front of some young bushes of -White Broom. Then, if one of the hybrid Irises of -pale lilac colour is there as well, and a bush of <i>Rosa -altaica</i>, the colour-effect will be surprisingly beautiful. -This Rose is the bolder-growing, Asiatic equivalent -of our Burnet Rose (<i>R. spinosissima</i>), with the same -lemon-white flowers. When any such group containing -White Broom is planted, it should be remembered -that the tendency of the Broom is to grow tall and -leggy. It bears pruning, but it is a good plan to -plant some extra ones behind the others. After a -couple of years, if the front plants have grown out of -bounds, the back ones can be bent down and fastened -to sticks, so that their heads come in the required -places. It is one of the many ways in which a pretty -garden picture may be maintained from year to year -by the exercise of a little thought and ingenuity. The -undergrowth of such a group may be of Solomon's -Seal at the back, and, if the bank or border is in sun, -of a lower groundwork of Iberis and <i>Corydalis ochroleuca</i>, -or, if it is shaded, of Tiarella, Woodruff or -<i>Anemone sylvestris</i>. With these, for the sake of their<span class="pagenum" id="Page_38">38</span> -tender green foliage, there may well be <i>Uvularia -grandiflora</i> and <i>Epimedium pinnatum</i>.</p> - -<p>A wonderful plant of May is the great <i>Euphorbia -Wulfenii</i>. It adapts itself to many ways of use, for, -though the immense yellow-green heads of bloom are -at their best in May, they are still of pictorial value in -June and July, while the deep-toned, grey-blue foliage -is in full beauty throughout the greater part of the -year. It is valuable in boldly arranged flower borders, -and holds its own among shrubs of moderate size, but -I always think its best use would be in the boldest -kind of rock-work.</p> - -<p>One of my desires that can never be fulfilled is to -have a rocky hillside in full sun, so steep as to be -almost precipitous, with walls of bare rock only broken -by ledges that can be planted. I would have great -groups of Yucca standing up against the sky and others -in the rock-face, and some bushes of this great -<i>Euphorbia</i> and only a few other plants, all of rather -large grey effect; <i>Phlomis</i>, Lavender, Rosemary and -Cistus, with <i>Othonna</i> hanging down in long sheets -over the bare face of the warm rock. It would be a -rock-garden on an immense scale, planted as Nature -plants, with not many different things at a time. -The restriction to a few kinds of plants would give -the impression of spontaneous growth; of that large, -free, natural effect that is so rarely achieved in artificial -planting. Besides natural hillsides, there must -be old quarries within or near the pleasure-grounds -of many places in our islands where such a scheme of -planting could worthily be carried out.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="PARTOFTHEGARLANDROSE"> -<img src="images/i_088.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>PART OF THE GARLAND ROSE AT THE ANGLE.</i></div> -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_39">39</span></p> - - -</div><div class="chapter"> - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_V" id="CHAPTER_V"></a>CHAPTER V<br /> - -<small>THE JUNE GARDEN</small></h2> - - -<p>Beyond the lawn and a belt of Spanish Chestnut I -have a little cottage that is known as the Hut. I -lived in it for two years while my house was building, -and may possibly live in it again for the sake of replenishing -an over-drained exchequer, if the ideal -well-to-do invalid flower-lover or some such very quiet -summer tenant, to whom alone I could consent to -surrender my dear home for a few weeks, should be -presented by a kind Providence. Meanwhile it is -always in good use for various purposes, such as seed-drying, -<i>pot-pourri</i> preparing, and the like.</p> - -<p>The garden in front and at the back is mainly a -June garden. It has Peonies, Irises, Lupines, and -others of the best flowers of the season, and a few for -later blooming. The entrance to the Hut is through -Yews that arch overhead. Close to the right is a tall -Holly with a <i>Clematis montana</i> growing into it and -tumbling out at the top. The space of garden to the -left, being of too deep a shape to be easily got at from -the path on the one side and the stone paving on the -other, has a kind of dividing backbone made of a -double row of Rose hoops or low arches, rising from -good greenery of Male Fern and the fern-like Sweet<span class="pagenum" id="Page_40">40</span> -Cicely. This handsome plant (<i>Myrrhis odorata</i>) is of -great use in many ways. It will grow anywhere, -and has the unusual merit of making a good show of -foliage quite early in the year. It takes two years -to get to a good size, sending its large, fleshy, aromatic -roots deep down into the soil. By the end of May, -when the bloom is over and the leaves are full grown, -they can be cut right down, when the plant will at -once form a new set of leaves that remain fresh for the -rest of the summer. Its chief use is as a good foliage -accompaniment or background to flowers, and no plant -is better for filling up at the bases of shrubs that look -a little leggy near the ground, or for any furnishing -of waste or empty spaces, especially in shade. From -among the Ferns and Myrrhis at the back of this bit -of eastern border rise white Foxgloves, the great white -Columbine, and the tall stems of white Peach-leaved -Campanula. Nearer to the front are clumps of -Peonies. But, as one of the most frequented paths -passes along this eastern border, it was thought best -not to confine it to June flowers only, but to have -something also for the later months. All vacant -places are therefore filled with Pentstemons and Snapdragons, -which make a show throughout the summer; -while for the early days of July there are clumps of the -old garden Roses—Damask and Provence. The whole -south-western angle is occupied by a well-grown -Garland Rose that every summer is loaded with its -graceful wreaths of bloom. It has never been trained -or staked, but grows as a natural fountain; the -branches are neither pruned nor shortened. The only<span class="pagenum" id="Page_41">41</span> -attention it receives is that every three or four years -the internal mass of old dead wood is cut right out, -when the bush seems to spring into new life.</p> - -<p>Passing this angle and going along the path leading -to the studio door in the little stone-paved court, -there is a seat under an arbour formed by the Yews; -the front of it has a Dundee Rambler Rose supported -by a rough wooden framework. On the right, next -the paving, are two large standard Roses with heads -three and four feet through. They are old garden -Roses, worked in cottage fashion on a common Dog-rose -stock. One is Celeste, of loveliest tender rose -colour, its broad bluish leaves showing its near relationship -to <i>Rosa alba</i>; the other the white Mme. Plantier. -This old Rose, with its abundant bunches of pure -white flowers, always seems to me to be one of the -most charming of the older garden kinds. It will -grow in almost any way, and is delightful in all; as a -pillar, as a hedge, as a bush, as a big cottage standard, -or in the border tumbling about among early summer -flowers. Like the Blush Gallica, which just precedes -it in time of blooming, it is one of the old picture Roses. -Both should be in quantity in every garden, and yet -they are but rarely seen.</p> - -<p>The border next the paving has clumps of the old -garden Peonies (<i>P. officinalis</i>). By the time these -are over, towards the end of June, groups of the -earlier orange Herring Lilies are in bloom. A thick -and rather high Box edging neatly trims these borders, -and favours the cottage-garden sentiment that is -fostered in this region. At the back of the Yews that<span class="pagenum" id="Page_42">42</span> -form the arbour is one end of the Hidden Garden. -Going along the path, past the projection on the block-plan -of the Hut, which represents the large ingle of the -studio, we come to the other bit of June garden behind -the little cottage. Here again, the space being over-wide, -it is divided in the middle by a double border of -Rosemary that is kept clipped and is not allowed to -rise high enough to prevent access to the border on -each side.</p> - -<p>On the side next the Hut the flowers are mostly of -lilac and purple colouring with white. Pale lilac Irises, -including the fine <i>I. pallida dalmatica</i> and the rosy -lilac variety, Queen of the May, perennial Lupines, -white, bluish lilac and purple—one of a conspicuous -and rare deep red-purple of extreme richness without -the slightest taint of a rank quality—a colour I can -only call a strong wine-purple; then a clump of the -feathery, ivory-white <i>Spiræa Aruncus</i>, the large -Meadowsweet that is so fine by the side of alpine -torrents. There are also some flesh-pink Albiflora -Peonies and lower growths of Catmint, and of the -grand blue-purple Cranesbill, <i>Geranium ibericum platyphyllum</i>; -with white and pale yellow Spanish Irises -in generous tufts springing up between. At the blunt -angle nearly opposite the dovecote is a pink cloud of -London Pride; beyond it pale yellow Violas with more -white Spanish Iris, leading to a happy combination of -the blue <i>Iris Cengialti</i> and the bushy Aster <i>Olearia -Gunni</i>, smothered in its white starry bloom. An early -flowering Flag Iris, named Chamæleon, nearly matches -the colour of <i>I. Cengialti</i>; it is the bluest that I know<span class="pagenum" id="Page_43">43</span> -of the Flag Irises, and is planted between and around -the Olearias to form part of the colour-picture.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="ROSEBLUSHGALLICA"> -<img src="images/i_093.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>ROSE BLUSH GALLICA PLANTED ON THE TOP OF -DRY WALLING.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="SPANISHIRIS"> -<img src="images/i_094.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>SPANISH IRIS.</i></div> -</div> - -<p>Beyond this group, and only separated from it by -some pale yellow Irises, are two plants of the Dropmore -Anchusa, marked A on the plan, of pure pale -blue, and another clump of <i>Spiræa Aruncus</i>, marked -S, and one of a good pure white Lupine, with some -tall clear yellow Irises and white Foxgloves. Now -the colouring changes, passing through a group or -two of the rich half-tones of Irises of the <i>squalens</i> -section to the perennial Poppies; <i>P. rupifragum</i> -nearest the path and, next to it, <i>P. pilosum</i>; both of -a rich apricot colour. Backing these is a group of -the larger hybrid that nearly always occurs in gardens -where there are both <i>P. rupifragum</i> and <i>P. orientale</i>. -In appearance it is a small <i>orientale</i> with a strong look -of <i>rupifragum</i> about the foliage. As a garden plant -it has the advantages of being of an intermediate size -and of having a long season of bloom, a quality no -doubt inherited from <i>rupifragum</i>, which will flower -more or less throughout the summer if the seed-pods -are removed. A plant of Oriental Poppy of the tone -of orange-scarlet that I know as red-lead colour, -and some deep orange Lilies complete this strongly -coloured group.</p> - -<p>In the north-western clump, where there are some -Thorn-trees and two Thuyas, the dominant feature -is the great bush of an old garden rambling Rose that -looks as if its parentage was somewhere between -<i>sempervirens</i> and <i>arvensis</i>. I can neither remember -how I came by it nor match it with any nursery kind.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_44">44</span> -It stands nearly opposite the Hut kitchen window, -and when in full bloom actually sheds light into the -room. I know it as the Kitchen Rose. The diameter -of the bush is even greater than the plan shows, for -it overwhelms the nearest Thuya and rushes through -the Thorn, and many of its shoots are within hand-reach -of the back path. The rest of this clump is -occupied by plants of tall habit—the great Mullein -(<i>Verbascum orientale</i>), the Giant Cow-Parsnip (<i>Heracleum</i>), -and white Foxgloves.</p> - -<p>The plan shows how the border of early bulbs, -described in a former chapter (now a mass of hardy -Ferns, as shown at p. 7), lies in relation to this part -of the garden. There is also a grand mass of Oriental -Poppy and Orange Lilies in half-shade on the other -side of the path, where it turns and is bordered with -Berberis. This makes a fine distant effect of strong -colour looking north-west from the southern end of -the bulb-border.</p> - -<p>I greatly wish I could have some other June borders -for the still better use of the Flag Irises, but not only -have I quite as much dressed ground as I can afford -to keep up, but the only space where such borders -could be made has to be nursery-ground of plants for -sale. But though I am denied this pleasure myself, -I should like to suggest it to others, and therefore give -plans of two borders of different colourings. There -would be no great harm if they came opposite each -other, though perhaps, as colour-schemes, they would -be rather better seen singly and quite detached from -each other.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="THEJUNEGARDEN"> -<a href="images/i_097.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_097thumb.jpg" alt="" /></a> -<div class="caption"><i>THE JUNE GARDEN.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="IRISANDLUPINEBORDERS"> -<a href="images/i_099.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_099thumb.jpg" alt="" /></a> -<div class="caption"><i>IRIS AND LUPINE BORDERS.</i></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_45">45</span></p> - -<p>It must be remembered, as in all cases of planting -flower borders, that they cannot be expected to show -their full beauty the year after planting. Irises will -give a few blooms the first season, but are not in -strength till their second and third years. China -Roses must have time to grow. Tree Lupines must be -planted young, and, though they make rapid growth, -they also do not fill their spaces till the third year. -Lupine Somerset is a desirable hybrid, not quite -a true Tree Lupine, though it has a half-woody growth. -Its best colour is a clear, lively light yellow, but it -readily varies from seed to whitish or washy purplish -tints. As the seedlings often show bloom the first -season in the seed-bed, the colours should be noted -and marked, for some of the light purples are pretty -things, with more refinement of character than the -same colourings in the old Tree Lupines. Both the -tree and hybrid kinds may have their lives much -prolonged—for if they are not specially treated they -are short-lived things—by judicious pruning. After -flowering, each branch should be cut well back. It -is not enough to cut away the flowers, but every branch -should be shortened about two-thirds as soon as the -bloom is over and the seed-pods begin to form.</p> - -<p>The plans show the two schemes of colouring. The -upper is of white, lilac, purple and pink, with grey -foliage; the lower of white, yellow, bronze-yellow -and, for the most part, rich green foliage. They -will show mainly as Iris and Lupine borders, and -are intended to display the beauty of these two -grand plants of early summer. The kinds of Iris are<span class="pagenum" id="Page_46">46</span> -carefully considered for their height, time of blooming, -and colour-value. In the yellow border is one patch -of clear, pale pure blue, the Dropmore Anchusa, -grouped with pale yellows and white.</p> - -<p>In the purple border are some important front-edge -patches of the beautiful Catmint (<i>Nepeta Mussini</i>), a -plant that can hardly be over-praised. The illustration -shows it in a part of a border-front that is to be -for August. For a good three weeks in June it makes -this border a pretty place, although the Catmint is -its only flower. But with the white-grey woolly -patches of Stachys and the half-grown bushes of -Gypsophila, and the Lavender and other plants of -greyish foliage, the picture is by no means incomplete. -Its flowery masses, seen against the warm yellow of -the sandy path, give the impression of remarkably -strong and yet delightfully soft colouring. The colour -itself is a midway purple, between light and dark, of -just the most pleasing quality. As soon as the best -of the bloom is done it is carefully cut over; then the -lateral shoots just below the main flower-spike that -has been taken out will gain strength and bloom again -at the border's best show-time in August. In another -double flower border that is mostly for the September-blooming -Michaelmas Daisies the Catmint is cut back -a little later.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>One of the joys of June is the beauty of the Scotch -Briers. On the south side of the house there are Figs -and Vines, Rosemary and China Roses; a path and -then some easy stone steps leading up to the strip of<span class="pagenum" id="Page_47">47</span> -lawn some fifty feet wide that skirts the wood. To -right and left of the steps, for a length equal to that -of the house-front, is a hedge of these charming little -Roses. They are mostly double white, but some are -rosy and some yellow. When it is not in flower the -mass of small foliage is pleasant to see, and even in -winter leaflessness the tangle of close-locked branches -has an appearance of warm brown comfort that makes -it good to have near a house.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="WHITETREELUPINE"> -<img src="images/i_103.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>WHITE TREE LUPINE.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="CATMINTINJUNE"> -<img src="images/i_104.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>CATMINT IN JUNE IN THE GREY AUGUST BORDER.</i></div> -</div> - -<p>June is also the time of some of the best of the -climbing plants and slightly tender shrubs that we -have against walls and treat as climbers, such as -<i>Solamum crispum</i> and <i>Abutilon vitifolium</i> and the -hardy <i>Clematis montana</i>; but some notes on these -will be offered in a further chapter.</p> - -<p>One is always watching and trying for good combinations -of colour that occur or that may be composed. -Besides such as are shown in the plans, the following -have been noted for June:</p> - -<p>In rock-work the tiny China Rose Pompon de Paris, -also the tender pink Fairy Rose, with pale lilac tufted -Pansy and <i>Achillea umbellata</i>.</p> - -<p>The pretty pale pink dwarf Rose Mignonette, with -the lilac of Catmint (<i>Nepeta Mussini</i>) and the grey-white -foliage of Stachys and <i>Cineraria maritima</i>.</p> - -<p>In a cool, retired place in a shrubbery margin, away -from other flowers, the misty red-grey-purple of -<i>Thalictrum purpureum</i> with the warm white foam-colour -of <i>Spiræa Aruncus</i>.</p> - -<p>On bold rock-work, a mass of a fine-coloured strain -of Valerian (<i>Centranthus</i>) with a deep scarlet-crimson<span class="pagenum" id="Page_48">48</span> -Snapdragon. This is a success of reciprocally becoming -texture as well as colour; the texture having that -satisfying quality that one recognises in the relation -of the cut and uncut portions of the fine old Italian -cut-velvets.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="SCOTCHBRIARS"> -<img src="images/i_107.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>SCOTCH BRIARS.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="GERANIUMIBERICUMPLATYPHYLLUM"> -<img src="images/i_108.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>GERANIUM IBERICUM PLATYPHYLLUM;<br /> -THE BEST OF THE CRANEBILLS.</i> -(<i>See page <a href="#Page_42">42</a>.</i>)</div> -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_49">49</span></p> - - -</div><div class="chapter"> - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_VI" id="CHAPTER_VI"></a>CHAPTER VI<br /> - -<small>THE MAIN HARDY FLOWER BORDER</small></h2> - - -<p>The big flower border is about two hundred feet long -and fourteen feet wide. It is sheltered from the north -by a solid sandstone wall about eleven feet high clothed -for the most part with evergreen shrubs—Bay and -Laurustinus, Choisya, Cistus and Loquat. These show -as a handsome background to the flowering plants. -They are in a three-foot-wide border at the foot of the -wall; then there is a narrow alley, not seen from the -front, but convenient for access to the wall shrubs and -for working the back of the border.</p> - -<p>As it is impossible to keep any one flower border -fully dressed for the whole summer, and as it suits me -that it should be at its best in the late summer, there -is no attempt to have it full of flowers as early as June. -Another region belongs to June; so that at that time -the big border has only some incidents of good bloom, -though the ground is rapidly covering with the strong -patches, most of them from three to five years old, of -the later blooming perennials. But early in the month -there are some clumps of the beautiful <i>Iris Pallida -dalmatica</i> in the regions of grey foliage, and of the -splendid blue-purple bloom of <i>Geranium ibericum -platyphyllum</i>, the best of the large Cranesbills, and the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_50">50</span> -slow-growing <i>Dictamnus Fraxinella</i> (the white variety), -and Meadowsweets white and pink, Foxgloves and -Canterbury Bells, and to the front some long-established -sheets of <i>Iberis sempervirens</i> that have grown right -on to the path. The large Yuccas, <i>Y. gloriosa</i> and -<i>Y. recurva</i> are throwing up their massive spikes, though -it will be July before they actually flower, and the -blooms on some bushes of the great <i>Euphorbia Wulfenii</i>, -although they were flowers of May and their almost -yellow colour is turning greener, are still conspicuous -and ornamental. Then the plants in the middle of -the wall, <i>Choisya ternata</i> and <i>Clematis montana</i> are still -full of white bloom and the Guelder Rose is hanging -out its great white balls. I like to plant the Guelder -Rose and <i>Clematis montana</i> together. Nothing does -better on north or east walls, and it is pleasant to see -the way the Clematis flings its graceful garlands over -and through the stiff branches of the Viburnum.</p> - -<p>The more brilliant patches of colour in the big border -in June are of Oriental Poppies intergrouped with -Gypsophila, which will cover their space when they -have died down, and the earlier forms of <i>Lilium croceum</i> -of that dark orange colour that almost approaches -scarlet.</p> - -<p>During the first week of June any bare spaces of the -border are filled up with half-hardy annuals, and some -of what we are accustomed to call bedding-plants—such -as Geranium, Salvia, Calceolaria, Begonia, Gazania and -Verbena. The half-hardy annuals are African Marigold, -deep orange and pale sulphur, pure white single -Petunia, tall Ageratum, tall striped Maize, white<span class="pagenum" id="Page_51">51</span> -Cosmos, sulphur Sunflower, <i>Phlox Drummondi</i>, Nasturtiums, -and <i>Trachelium cœruleum</i>. Dahlias were -planted out in May, and earlier still the Hollyhocks, -quite young plants that are to bloom in August and -September; the autumn-planted ones flowering earlier. -The ground was well cleaned of weeds before these were -planted, and, soon after, the whole border had a good -mulch of a mixture of half-rotted leaves and old hotbed -stuff. This serves the double purpose of keeping -the soil cool and of affording gradual nutriment when -water is given.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="THEFLOWERBORDERINLATESUMMER"> -<img src="images/i_111.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>THE FLOWER BORDER IN LATE SUMMER: YUCCA, HYDRANGEA, SNAPDRAGON, -LILIUM AURATUM AND EARLY ASTERS, WITH GREY FOLIAGE -OF CINERARIA MARITIMA, SANTOLINA AND ELYMUS.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="THECROSSWALKDIVIDING"> -<img src="images/i_112.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>THE CROSS WALK DIVIDING THE FLOWER BORDER:<br /> -YUCCA, HYDRANGEA, MEGASEA AND STACHYS.</i></div> -</div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>The planting of the border is designed to show a -distinct scheme of colour-arrangement. At the two -ends there is a groundwork of grey and glaucous foliage—Stachys, -Santolina, <i>Cineraria maritima</i>, Sea Kale -and Lyme Grass, with darker foliage, also of grey -quality, of Yucca, <i>Clematis recta</i> and Rue. With this, -at the near or western end, there are flowers of pure -blue, grey-blue, white, palest yellow and palest pink; -each colour partly in distinct masses and partly intergrouped. -The colouring then passes through stronger -yellows to orange and red. By the time the middle -space of the border is reached the colour is strong and -gorgeous, but, as it is in good harmonies, it is never -garish. Then the colour-strength recedes in an inverse -sequence through orange and deep yellow to pale yellow, -white and palest pink, with the blue-grey foliage. -But at this, the eastern end, instead of the pure blues -we have purples and lilacs.</p> - -<p>Looked at from a little way forward, for a wide space<span class="pagenum" id="Page_52">52</span> -of grass allows this point of view, the whole border -can be seen as one picture, the cool colouring at the -ends enhancing the brilliant warmth of the middle. -Then, passing along the wide path next the border the -value of the colour-arrangement is still more strongly -felt. Each portion now becomes a picture in itself, -and every one is of such a colouring that it best prepares -the eye, in accordance with natural law, for what is to -follow. Standing for a few moments before the end-most -region of grey and blue, and saturating the eye -to its utmost capacity with these colours, it passes -with extraordinary avidity to the succeeding yellows. -These intermingle in a pleasant harmony with the reds -and scarlets, blood-reds and clarets, and then lead -again to yellows. Now the eye has again become saturated, -this time with the rich colouring, and has therefore, -by the law of complementary colour, acquired -a strong appetite for the greys and purples. These -therefore assume an appearance of brilliancy that they -would not have had without the preparation provided -by their recently received complementary colour.</p> - -<p>There are well-known scientific toys illustrating this -law. A short word, printed in large red letters, is -looked at for half a minute. The eyes are shut and -an image of the same word appears, but the lettering -is green. Many such experiments may be made in -the open garden. The brilliant orange African Marigold -has leaves of a rather dull green colour. But look -steadily at the flowers for thirty seconds in sunshine -and then look at the leaves. The leaves appear to be -bright blue!</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="THEEASTEND"> -<img src="images/i_115.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>THE EAST END OF THE FLOWER BORDER: LILIUM LONGIFLORUM, ECHINOPS, -PURPLE CLEMATIS, CAMPANULAS PYRAMIDALIS AND LOCHIFLORA, -FOLIAGE OF SEAKALE, SANTOLINA AND CINERARIA.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="ELEVATION"> -<a href="images/i_117nsm.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_117thumb.jpg" alt="" /></a> -<div class="caption"><i>ELEVATION: HEIGHT-LINE OF BACK PLANTS.</i><br /><i>PLAN OF THE MAIN FLOWER BORDER.</i></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_53">53</span></p> - -<p>Even when a flower border is devoted to a special -season, as mine is given to the time from mid-July to -October, it cannot be kept fully furnished without -resorting to various contrivances. One of these is the -planting of certain things that will follow in season of -bloom and that can be trained to take each other's -places. Thus, each plant of <i>Gypsophila paniculata</i> -when full grown covers a space a good four feet wide. -On each side of it, within reasonable distance of the -root, I plant Oriental Poppies. These make their leaf -and flower growth in early summer when the Gypsophila -is still in a young state. The Poppies will have -died down by the time the Gypsophila is full grown -and has covered them. After this has bloomed the -seed-pods turn brown, and though a little of this -colouring is not harmful in the autumn border, yet it -is not wanted in such large patches. We therefore -grow at its foot, or within easy reach, some of the -trailing Nasturtiums and lead them up so that they -cover the greater part of the brown seed-spray.</p> - -<p>Delphiniums, which are indispensable for July, leave -bare stems with quickly yellowing leafage when the -flowers are over. We plant behind them the white -Everlasting Pea, and again behind that Clematis -Jackmanni. When the Delphiniums are over, the -rapidly forming seed-pods are removed, the stems are -cut down to just the right height, and the white Peas -are trained over them. When the Peas go out of bloom -in the middle of August, the Clematis is brought over. -It takes some years for these two plants to become -established; in the case of those I am describing the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_54">54</span> -Pea has been four or five years planted and the Clematis -seven. They cannot be hurried, indeed in my garden -it is difficult to get the Clematis to grow at all. But -good gardening means patience and dogged determination. -There must be many failures and losses, -but by always pushing on there will also be the reward -of success. Those who do not know are apt to think -that hardy flower gardening of the best kind is easy. -It is not easy at all. It has taken me half a lifetime -merely to find out what is best worth doing, and a -good slice out of another half to puzzle out the ways -of doing it.</p> - -<p>In addition to these three plants that I grow over -one another I am now adding a fourth—the September-blooming -<i>Clematis Flammula</i>. It must not be supposed -that they are just lumped one over another so that the -under ones have their leafy growths smothered. They -are always being watched, and, bit by bit, the earlier -growths are removed as soon as their respective plants -are better without them.</p> - -<p>Then there is the way of pulling down tall plants -whose natural growth is upright. At the back of the -yellow part of the border are some plants of a form of -<i>Helianthus orgyalis</i>, trained down, as described later -at p. 69. But other plants can be treated in the same -way; the tall Rudbeckia Golden Glow, and Dahlias -and Michaelmas Daisies. The tall Snapdragons can -also be pulled down and made to cover a surprising -space of bare ground with flowering side-shoots.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="GOODSTAKING"> -<img src="images/i_121.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>GOOD STAKING—CAMPANULA PERSICIFOLIA.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="CAREFULSTAKING"> -<img src="images/i_122.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>CAREFUL STAKING—THE LATER MICHAELMAS DAISIES.</i></div> -</div> - -<p>As it is still impossible to prevent the occurrence of -a blank here and there, or as the scene, viewed as a<span class="pagenum" id="Page_55">55</span> -picture, may want some special accentuation or -colouring, there is the way of keeping a reserve of -plants in pots and dropping them in where they may -be wanted. The thing that matters is that, in its -season, the border shall be kept full and beautiful; -by what means does not matter in the least. For this -sort of work some of the most useful plants are Hydrangeas, -<i>Lilium longiflorum</i>, <i>candidum</i> and <i>auratum</i>, -and <i>Campanula pyramidalis</i>, both white and blue, and, -for foliage, <i>Funkia grandiflora</i>, <i>F. Sieboldi</i> and hardy -Ferns.</p> - -<p>An important matter is that of staking and supporting. -The rule, as I venture to lay it down, is that -sticks and stakes must never show. They must be so -arranged that they give the needful support, while -allowing the plant its natural freedom; but they must -remain invisible. The only time when they are tolerated -is for the week or two when they have been put in for -Dahlias, when the plants have not yet grown up to -cover them.</p> - -<p>Michaelmas Daisies we stake with great care in June, -putting in some stiff branching spray of oak or chestnut -among the growths and under their fronts. At the -end of June we also nip the tops of some of the forward -growths of the plants so as to vary the outline.</p> - -<p>There are two borders of Michaelmas Daisies, one -for the earlier sorts that flower in September and the -other for the October kinds. They are in places that -need not often be visited except in the blooming season, -therefore we allow the supporting spray to be seen -while the plants are growing. But early in August,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_56">56</span> -in the case of the September border, and early in -September in the case of the one for October, we go -round and regulate the plants, settling them among -the sticks in their definite positions. When this is -done every atom of projecting spray is cut away with -the <i>sécateur</i>.</p> - -<p>I hold that nothing unsightly should be seen in the -garden. The shed for sticks and stakes is a lean-to at -one end of the barn, showing to the garden. The roof -had to be made at a very low pitch, and there was no -roofing material suitable but galvanized iron. But a -depth of four inches of peaty earth was put over the -iron, and now it is a garden of Stonecrops and other -plants that flourish in shallow soil in a hot exposure.</p> - -<p>To prevent undue disappointment, those who wish -for beautiful flower-borders and whose enthusiasm is -greater than their knowledge should be reminded that -if a border is to be planted for pictorial effect, it is -impossible to maintain that effect and to have the -space well filled for any period longer than three -months, and that even for such a time there will have -to be contrivances such as have been described.</p> - -<p>It should also be borne in mind that a good hardy -flower border cannot be made all at once. Many of -the most indispensable perennials take two, three or -even more years to come to their strength and beauty. -The best way is to plant the border by a definite plan, -placing each group of plants as it shall be when fully -developed. Then for the first year or two a greater -number of half-hardy annuals and biennials than will -eventually be needed should be used to fill the spaces<span class="pagenum" id="Page_57">57</span> -that have not yet been taken up by the permanent -plants. The best of these are Pentstemons and Snapdragons, -the Snapdragons grown both as annuals and -biennials, for so an extended season of bloom is secured. -Then there should be African and French Marigolds, -the smaller annual Sunflowers, Zinnias, Plume Celosias, -China Asters, Stocks, Foxgloves, Mulleins, Ageratum, -Phlox Drummondi and Indian Pinks; also hardy -annuals—Lupines of several kinds, <i>Chrysanthemum -coronarium</i>, the fine pink Mallows, Love-in-a-Mist, -Nasturtiums or any others that are liked.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_58">58</span></p> - - -</div><div class="chapter"> - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_VII" id="CHAPTER_VII"></a>CHAPTER VII<br /> - -<small>THE FLOWER BORDER IN JULY</small></h2> - - -<p>Towards the end of July the large flower border begins -to show its scheme. Until then, although it has been -well filled with growing plants, there has been no -attempt to show its whole intention. But now this -is becoming apparent. The two ends, as already -described, are of grey foliage, with, at the near end, -flowers of pale blue, white and lightest yellow. The -tall spikes of pale blue Delphinium are over, and now -there are the graceful grey-blue flowers of <i>Campanula -lactiflora</i> that stand just in front of the great Larkspurs. -At the back is a white Everlasting Pea, four years -planted and now growing tall and strong. The overblown -flowers of the Delphinium have been removed, -but their stems have been left just the right height for -supporting the growth of the white Pea, which is now -trained over them and comes forward to meet the -pale blue-white Campanula. In front of this there is -a drift of Rue giving a beautiful effect of dim grey -colour and softened shadow; it is crowned by its -spreading corymbs of pale yellow bloom that all rise -nearly to a level. Again in front is the grand glaucous -foliage of Sea Kale. A little further along, and towards -the back, is a bush of Golden Privet, taking up and<span class="pagenum" id="Page_59">59</span> -continuing the pale yellow of the Rue blossom, and -forming a kind of groundwork to a group of the fine -Mullein <i>Verbascum phlomoides</i> now fully out. Just -below this is a clump of the Double Meadowsweet, -a mass of warm white flower-foam. Intergrouped are -tall Snapdragons, white and palest yellow. Then -forward are the pale blue-green sword-blades of <i>Iris -pallida dalmatica</i> that flowered in June. This is one -of the few Irises admitted to the border, but it is here -because it has the quality, rare among its kind, of -maintaining its great leaves in beauty to near the -end of the year. Quite to the front are lower growing -plants of purest blue—the Cape Daisy (<i>Agathea -cœlestis</i>) and blue Lobelia.</p> - -<p>Now we pass to a rather large group of <i>Eryngium -oliverianum</i>, the fine kind that is commonly but -wrongly called <i>E. amethystinum</i>. It is a deep-rooting -perennial that takes three to four years to become -strongly established. In front of this are some pale -and darker blue Spiderworts (<i>Tradescantia virginica</i>), -showing best in cloudy weather. At the back is -<i>Thalictrum flavum</i>, whose bloom is a little overpast, -though it still shows some of its foamy-feathery pale -yellow. Next we come to stronger yellows, with a -middle mass of a good home-grown form of <i>Coreopsis -lanceolata</i>. This is fronted by a stretch of <i>Helenium -pumilum</i>. Behind the Coreopsis are <i>Achillea Eupatorium</i> -and yellow Cannas.</p> - -<p>Now the colour strengthens with the Scarlet Balm -or Bergamot, intergrouped with <i>Senecio artemisiæfolius</i>, -a plant little known but excellent in the flower<span class="pagenum" id="Page_60">60</span> -border. A few belated Orange Lilies have their colour -nearly repeated by the Gazanias next to the path. -The strong colour is now carried on by <i>Lychnis Chalcedonica</i>, -scarlet Salvia, <i>Lychnis haageana</i> (a fine plant -that is much neglected), and some of the dwarf Tropæolums -of brightest scarlet. After this we gradually -return to the grey-blues, whites and pale yellows, -with another large patch of <i>Eryngium oliverianum</i>, -white Everlasting Pea, Calceolaria, and the splendid -leaf-mass of a wide and high plant of <i>Euphorbia -Wulfenii</i>, which, with the accompanying Yuccas, rises -to a height far above my head. Passing between a -clump of Yuccas on either side is the cross-walk -leading by an arched gateway through the wall. The -border beyond this is a shorter length, and has a whole -ground of grey foliage—Stachys, Santolina, Elymus, -<i>Cineraria maritima</i>, and Sea Kale. Then another -group of Rue, with grey-blue foliage and pale yellow -bloom, shows near the extreme end against the full -green of the young summer foliage of the Yew arbour -that comes at the end of the border. Again at this -end is the tall <i>Campanula lactiflora</i>. In the nearer -middle a large mass of purple Clematis is trained -upon stiff, branching spray, and is beginning to show -its splendid colour, while behind, and looking their -best in the subdued light of the cloudy morning on -which these notes are written, are some plants of -<i>Verbascum phlomoides</i>, ten feet high, showing a great -cloud of pure pale yellow. They owe their vigour -to being self-sown seedlings, never transplanted. -Instead of having merely a blooming spike, as is the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_61">61</span> -usual way of those that are planted, these have abundant -side branches. They dislike bright sunshine, -only expanding fully in shade or when the day is -cloudy and inclined to be rainy. Close to them, rising -to the wall's whole eleven feet of height, is a <i>Cistus -cyprius</i>, bearing a quantity of large white bloom with -a deep red spot at the base of each petal.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="WHITEROSELAGUIRLANDE"> -<img src="images/i_129.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>WHITE ROSE LA GUIRLANDE; GREY BORDERS BEYOND.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="CLEMATISRECTA"> -<img src="images/i_130.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>CLEMATIS RECTA.</i></div> -</div> - -<p>Though there is as yet but little bloom in this end -of the border the picture is complete and satisfying. -Each one of the few flower-groups tells to the utmost, -while the intervening masses of leafage are in themselves -beautiful and have the effect of being relatively -well disposed. There is also such rich promise of -flower-beauty to come that the mind is filled with glad -anticipation, besides feeling content for the time being -with what it has before it. There is one item of -colouring that strikes the trained eye as specially -delightful. It is a bushy mass of <i>Clematis recta</i>, now -out of bloom. It occurs between the overhanging -purple Clematis and the nearer groups of <i>Cineraria -maritima</i> and Santolina. The leaves are much deeper -in tone than these and have a leaden sort of blueness, -but the colouring, both of the parts in light and even -more of the mysterious shadows, is in the highest -degree satisfactory and makes me long for the appreciative -presence of the rare few friends who are artists -both on canvas and in their gardens, and most of all -for that of one who is now dead<a id="FNanchor_1" href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">1</a> but to whom I -owe, with deepest thankfulness, a precious memory of -forty years of helpful and sympathetic guidance and<span class="pagenum" id="Page_62">62</span> -encouragement in the observation and study of colour-beauty.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_1" id="Footnote_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> The late H. B. Brabazon.</p></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>One cannot write of the garden in July without a -word of the Roses. Besides the bushy garden Roses, -and the kinds of special charm, such as Damask, -Provence, Moss and China, those that most nearly -concern the garden for beauty and pictorial effect -are the rambling and climbing Roses that flower in -clusters.</p> - -<p>In "Roses for English Gardens" I dealt at some -length with the many ways of using them; here I -must only touch upon one or two of these ways. But -I wish to remind my readers of the great value of -these free Roses for running up through such trees as -Yews or Hollies in regions where garden joins hands -with woodland, and also of their great usefulness for -forming lines of arch and garland as an enclosure to -some definite space. I have them like this forming -the boundary on two sides of a garden of long beds, -whose other two sides are a seven-foot wall and the -back of a stable and loft. Just beyond the arch in -the picture (p. <a href="#WHITEROSELAGUIRLANDE">60</a>), and dividing the little garden in -two, is the short piece of double border that is -devoted to August.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="DELPHINIUMBELLADONNA"> -<img src="images/i_133.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>DELPHINIUM BELLADONNA.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="CANTERBURYBELLS"> -<img src="images/i_134.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>CANTERBURY BELLS.</i></div> -</div> - -<p>The other long beds in this region are for special -combinations, some of them of July flowers. Orange -Lilies are with the beautiful <i>Clematis recta</i>, a plant -but little known though it is easy to grow and is one -of the best of summer flowers. One bed is for -blue colouring with grey foliage. Here is the lovely<span class="pagenum" id="Page_63">63</span> -Delphinium Belladonna, with flowers of a blue purer -than that of any others of its beautiful kind. It never -grows tall, nor has it the strong, robust aspect of -the larger ones, but what it lacks in vigour is more -than made up for by the charming refinement of the -whole plant. In the same bed are the other pure blues -of the rare double Siberian Larkspur, and the single -allied kind <i>Delphinium grandiflorum</i>, of <i>Salvia patens</i> -and of the Cape Daisy <i>Agathea cœlestis</i>. Between the -clumps of Belladonna are bushes of white Lavender, -and the whole is carpeted and edged with the white -foliage of <i>Artemisia stelleriana</i>, the quite hardy plant -that is such a good substitute for the tenderer -<i>Cineraria maritima</i>.</p> - -<p>Among the best flowers of July that have a place -in this garden are the Pentstemons planted last year. -We grow them afresh from cuttings every autumn, -planting them out in April. They are not quite hardy, -and a bad winter may destroy all the last year's plants. -But if these can be saved they bloom in July, whereas -those planted in the spring of the year do not flower -till later. So we protect the older plants with fir-boughs -and generally succeed in saving them. Old -plants of Snapdragon are also now in flower. They -too are a little tender in the open, although they -are safe in dry-walling with the roots out of the -way of frost and the crowns kept dry among the -stones.</p> - -<p>Much use is made of a dwarf kind of Lavender, that -is also among the best of the July flowers. The whole -size of the plant is about one-third that of the ordinary<span class="pagenum" id="Page_64">64</span> -kind; the flowers are darker in colour and the time -of blooming a good month earlier. It has a different -use in gardening, as the flowers, being more crowded -and of a deeper tint, make a distinct colour-effect. -Besides its border use it is a plant for dry banks, tops -of rock-work and dry-walling.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="ROSETHEGARLAND"> -<img src="images/i_137.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>ROSE THE GARLAND IN A SILVER HOLLY.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="ERYNGIUMOLIVERIANUM"> -<img src="images/i_138.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>ERYNGIUM OLIVERIANUM.</i></div> -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_65">65</span></p> - -</div><div class="chapter"> - - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_VIII" id="CHAPTER_VIII"></a>CHAPTER VIII<br /> - -<small>THE FLOWER BORDER IN AUGUST</small></h2> - - -<p>By the second week of August the large flower border -is coming to its best. The western grey end, with its -main planting of hoary and glaucous foliage—Yucca, -Sea Kale, <i>Cineraria maritima</i>, Rue, Elymus, Santolina, -Stachys, &c.—now has <i>Yucca flaccida</i> in flower. -This neat, small Yucca, one of the varieties or near -relatives of <i>filamentosa</i>, is a grand plant for late summer. -A well-established clump throws up a quantity of -flower-spikes of that highly ornamental character -that makes the best of these fine plants so valuable. -White Everlasting Pea, planted about three feet -from the back, is trained on stout pea-sticks over the -space occupied earlier by the Delphiniums and the -Spiræas. A little of it runs into a bush of Golden -Privet. This Golden Privet is one of the few shrubs -that has a place in the flower border. Its clean, -cheerful, bright yellow gives a note of just the right -colour all through the summer. It has also a solidity -of aspect that enhances by contrast the graceful lines -of the foliage of a clump of the great Japanese striped -grass <i>Eulalia</i>, which stands within a few feet of it, -seven feet high, shooting upright, but with the ends -of the leaves recurved.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_66">66</span></p> - -<p>Snapdragons, tall white and tall yellow, spire up -five feet high, following the earlier Foxgloves. At -the back is the pretty pink Dahlia Asia, with sulphur -and pale pink Hollyhocks. A little further along, -and staked out so as to take the place of the clumps -of <i>Verbascum Chaixii</i> that were so fine in the end of -June, is Dahlia Mrs. Hawkins—palest yellow with a -slight pink flush. Forward is a group of a Pentstemon -of palest pink colouring named Spitzberg, that I had -from Messrs. Barr's nursery, then a patch or two -of palest blue Spiderwort, and, quite to the front, -in any spaces there may be among the grey foliage, -Lobelia "Cobalt Blue," the taller <i>Lobelia tenuior</i>, and -the pretty little blue-flowered Cape Daisy, <i>Agathea -cœlestis</i>.</p> - -<p>The whole border is backed by a stone wall eleven -feet high, now fully clothed with shrubs and plants -that take their place in the colour-scheme, either for -tint of bloom or mass of foliage. Thus the red-leaved -Claret Vine shows as background to the rich red region -and <i>Robinia hispida</i> stands where its pink clusters -will tell rightly; Choisya and <i>Cistus cyprius</i> where -their dark foliage and white bloom will be of value; -the greyish foliage and abundant pale lilac blossom -of <i>Abutilon vitifolium</i> in the grey and purple region, and -the pale green foliage of the deciduous <i>Magnolia -conspicua</i> showing as a background to the tender blue -of a charming pale Delphinium.</p> - -<p>The shrubs and plants on the wall are not all there -because they are things rare and precious or absolutely -needing the shelter of the wall, though some of them<span class="pagenum" id="Page_67">67</span> -are glad of it, but because they give a background -that either harmonises in detail with what is in front -or will help to enrich or give general cohesion to the -picture. The front of the border has some important -foliage giving a distinctly blue effect; prominent -among it Sea Kale. The flower-stems are cut hard -back in the earlier summer, and it is now in handsome -fresh leaf. Further back is the fine blue foliage -of Lyme Grass (<i>Elymus arenarius</i>), a plant of our -sea-shores, but of much value for blue effects in the -garden.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="TALLCAMPANULAS"> -<img src="images/i_141.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>TALL CAMPANULAS PYRAMIDALIS AND LACTIFLORA -IN A GREY BORDER.</i></div> -</div> - -<p>Now is the time to begin to use our reserve of plants -in pots. Of these the most useful are the Hydrangeas. -They are dropped into any vacant spaces, more or -less in groups, in the two ends of the border where -there is grey foliage, their pale pink colouring agreeing -with these places. Their own leafage is a rather bright -green, but we get them so well bloomed that but few -leaves are seen, and we arrange as cleverly as we can -that the rest shall be more or less hidden by the surrounding -bluish foliage. I stand a few paces off, -directing the formation of the groups; considering -their shape in relation to the border as a whole. I say -to the gardener that I want a Hydrangea in such a -place; and tell him to find the nearest place where -it can be dropped in. Sometimes this dropping in, -for the pots have to be partly sunk, comes in the way -of some established plant. If it is a deep-rooted -perennial that takes three or four years to come to -its strength, like an Eryngium or a Dictamnus, of -course I avoid encroaching on its root-room. But if<span class="pagenum" id="Page_68">68</span> -it is anything that blooms the season after it is planted, -and of which I have plenty in reserve, such as an -Anthemis, a Tradescantia, or a Helenium, I sacrifice -a portion of the plant-group, knowing that it can -easily be replaced. But then by August many of the -plants have spread widely above and there is space -below. <i>Lilium longiflorum</i> in pots is used in the -same way, and for the most part in this blue end of -the border, though there are also some at the further, -purple end, and just a flash of their white beauty in -the middle region of strong reds.</p> - -<p>In order to use both blue and purple in the flower -border, this cool, western, grey-foliaged end has the -blues, and the further, eastern end the purples. For -although I like to use colour as a general rule in harmonies -rather than contrasts, I have a dislike to -bringing together blues and purples. At this end, -therefore, there are flowers of pure blue—Delphinium, -Anchusa, Salvia, Blue Cape Daisy and Lobelia, and -it is only when the main mass of blue, of Delphiniums -and Anchusas, is over that even the presence of the -pale grey-blue of <i>Campanula lactiflora</i> could be tolerated. -Near the front is another pale grey-blue, that -of <i>Clematis davidiana</i>, just showing a few blooms, -but not yet fully out.</p> - -<p>Now, giving a pleasant rest and refreshment to the -eye after the blues and greys, is a well-shaped drift -of the pale sulphur African Marigold. It was meant -to be the dwarf variety, but, as it grows two and a half -feet high, it has been pulled down as it grew. Some -of it has been brought down some way over the edge<span class="pagenum" id="Page_69">69</span> -of the path, where it breaks the general front line -pleasantly and shows off its good soft colouring. We -grow only this pale colour and a good form of the -splendid orange. The intermediate one, the full -yellow African Marigold, has, to my eye, a raw quality -that I am glad to avoid, and I have other plants that -give the strong yellow colour better. Now at the -back are some plants of the single Hollyhock <i>Hibiscus -ficifolius</i>, white and pale yellow, recalling, as we merge -into the stronger yellows, the colouring of the region -just left. They are partly intergrouped with that -excellent plant Rudbeckia Golden Glow, brilliant, -long-lasting, and capable of varied kinds of useful -treatment.</p> - -<p>Now we come to a group of the perennial Sunflowers; -a good form of the double <i>Helianthus multiflorus</i> in -front, and behind it the large single kind of the same -plant. By the side of these is a rather large group of -a garden form of <i>H. orgyalis</i>. This is one of the -perennial Sunflowers that is usually considered not -good enough for careful gardening. It grows very -tall, and bears a smallish bunch of yellow flowers at -the top. If this were all it could do it would not be -in my flower border. But in front of it grows a patch -of the fine Tansy-like <i>Achillea Eupatorium</i>, and in -front of this again a wide-spreading group of <i>Eryngium -oliverianum</i>—beautiful all through July. When the -bloom of these is done the tall Sunflower is trained -down over them—this pulling down, as in the case of -so many plants, causing it to throw up flower-stalks -from the axils of every pair of leaves; so that in<span class="pagenum" id="Page_70">70</span> -September the whole thing is a sheet of bloom. Thus -the plant that was hardly worth a place in the border -becomes, at its flowering time, one of the brightest -ornaments of the garden. Other plants that are in front -of the Sunflower, that have also passed out of bloom, -are the Scarlet Bee-balm (<i>Monarda</i>) and the very -useful alpine Groundsel (<i>Senecio artemisiæfolius</i>).</p> - -<p>Next we have an important group of a large-leaved -Canna, the handsomest foliage in the border; good -to see when the sun is behind and the light comes -through the leaves. Here also, at the back, is a patch -of Hollyhocks—one very dark, almost a claret-red, -and a fine, full red inclining to blood-colour. They -tower up together, and close to them are Dahlias, the -dark red Lady Ardilaun, deep scarlet Cochineal, bright -scarlet Fire King, and its variety Orange Fire King, -now the most brilliant piece of colouring in the garden. -These lead on to a gorgeous company—Phlox Coquelicot, -scarlet Pentstemon, orange African Marigold, -scarlet Gladiolus, and, to the front, a brilliant dwarf -scarlet Salvia; <i>Helenium pumilum</i> and scarlet and -orange dwarf Nasturtium. Here and there within -this mass of bright colouring there is a patch of the -fine deep yellow <i>Coreopsis lanceolata</i>, a plant of long-enduring -bloom, or rather of long succession, for, if -the dead flowers are removed it will be brightly -blossomed for a good three months.</p> - -<p>As this gorgeous mass occupies a large space in -the flower border, I have thought well to subdue it -here and there with the cloudy masses of <i>Gypsophila -paniculata</i>. Five-year-old plants of this form masses<span class="pagenum" id="Page_71">71</span> -of the pretty mist-like bloom four feet across and as -much high. This bold introduction of grey among -the colour-masses has considerable pictorial value. -As the grey changes, towards the end of the month, -to a brownish tone, some of the tall Nasturtiums -are allowed to grow over the bushes of -Gypsophila.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="YUCCAFILAMENTOSA"> -<img src="images/i_147.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>YUCCA FILAMENTOSA VAR. FLACCIDA.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="THEGREYBORDERS"> -<img src="images/i_148.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>THE GREY BORDERS: STACHYS, GYPSOPHILA, LILY, ACHILLEA -PEARL AND PINK HOLLYHOCK.</i></div> -</div> - -<p>Now we have got beyond the middle of the length -of the border, and the colour changes again to the -clear and pale yellows, and then again to the grey -foliage as at the beginning. Where this occurs, at a -little more than two-thirds of the way along the border, -it is crossed by the path, leading, through an archway -in the wall closed by a door, to the garden beyond. -This cross-path is flanked by groups of Yuccas, slightly -raised, as will be seen in some of the illustrations. (<i>See</i> -pp. 51, 102.) Yuccas all like a raised mound and some -good loam to grow in. I have them here as well as -at the two extreme ends of the border. No plants -make a handsomer full-stop to any definite garden -scheme. The grey treatment comprises the two -Yucca mounds to right and left of the cross-path; -the other grey plants are as before—<i>Cineraria maritima</i>, -Santolina, Stachys, Elymus and Rue—but at -this end, besides some plants with white, pink and -palest yellow colouring, the other flowers are not blues -but purples, light and dark. Among these a very -useful thing is Ageratum; not the dwarf Ageratum, -though this is good too in its place, but the ordinary -<i>Ageratum mexicanum</i>, a plant that grows about two -feet high. This is also the place for some of the earliest<span class="pagenum" id="Page_72">72</span> -Michaelmas Daisies that will bloom in September, -such as <i>Aster acris</i> and <i>A. Shortii</i>. At the back there -are Dahlias, white and pale yellow, with white and -sulphur Hollyhocks, and, in the middle spaces, pale -pink Gladiolus, double <i>Saponaria officinalis</i>, and pale -pink Pentstemon. At the back, also, there is a clump -of Globe Thistle (<i>Echinops</i>) and a grand growth of -Clematis Jackmanni, following in season of bloom, -and partly led over, a white Everlasting Pea, that -in the earlier summer was trained to conceal the -dying stems of the red-orange Lilies that bloomed in -June.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>There is also a short length of double border specially -devoted to August, of the same character, though not -so fully developed, as what will be described in a -further chapter as the Grey Garden. Here, the space -being small, it has been given specially to the more -restricted season. The scheme of colouring has a -ground of grey foliage, with flowers of pink, white -and light and dark purple.</p> - -<p>Next the path is the silvery white of Stachys, -<i>Cineraria maritima</i>, and <i>Artemisia stelleriana</i>, with -the grey foliage and faint purple of the second bloom -of Catmint. Then bushy masses of Lavender and -Gypsophila, and between them <i>Lilium longiflorum</i>, -Godetia Double Rose, and white Snapdragons. Behind -and among these are groups of the clear white Achillea, -The Pearl, and the round purple heads of Globe Thistle. -Here and there, pushing to the front, is a Silver Thistle -(<i>Eryngium giganteum</i>). At the back shoot up Pink<span class="pagenum" id="Page_73">73</span> -Hollyhocks, the kind being one of home growth known -as Pink Beauty. The deep green of a Fig-tree that -covers the upper part of the landing and outside stone -steps to a loft is an excellent background to the tender -greys of these August borders. Unfortunately, the -main group of pink Hollyhock, that should have -stood up straight and tall and shown well against the -window and silvery grey weather-boarding of the loft, -failed altogether last season; in fact, all the Hollyhocks -were poor and stunted, so that an important -part of the intended effect was lost.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>Of Lavender hedges there are several, of varying -ages, in different parts of the garden. Lavender -for cutting should be from plants not more than four -to five years old, but for pictorial effect the bushes -may be much older. When they are growing old it -is a good plan to plant white and purple Clematises -so that they can be trained freely through and over -them.</p> - -<p>There are comparatively few shrubs that flower in -autumn, so that it is quite a pleasant surprise to come -upon a group of them all in bloom together. The -picture shows the satisfactory effect of a group of -<i>Æsculus macrostachya</i> and <i>Olearia Haastii</i>. It would -have been all the better for some plants of the beautiful -blue-flowered <i>Perowskya atriplicifolia</i> and for -<i>Caryopteris mastacanthus</i> in front, but at the time of -planting I did not think of the <i>Caryopteris</i> and did not -know the <i>Perowskya</i>. (<i>See</i> p. 75.)</p> - -<p>August is the month of China Asters. I find many<span class="pagenum" id="Page_74">74</span> -people are shy of these capital plants, perhaps because -the mixtures, such as are commonly grown, contain -rather harsh and discordant colours; also perhaps -because a good many of the kinds, having been purposely -dwarfed in order to fit them for pot-culture -and bedding, are too stiff to look pretty in general -gardening. Such kinds will always have their uses, -but what is wanted now in the best gardening is -more freedom of habit. I have a little space that -I give entirely to China Asters. I have often had -the pleasure of showing it to some person who professed -a dislike to them, and with great satisfaction -have heard them say, with true admiration: "Oh! -but I had no idea that China Asters could be so -beautiful."</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="ALAVENDERHEDGE"> -<img src="images/i_153.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>A LAVENDER HEDGE.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="AESCULUSMACROSTACHYA"> -<img src="images/i_154.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>ÆSCULUS MACROSTACHYA AND OLEARIA HAASTII.</i></div> -</div> - -<p>It is only a question of selection, for the kinds are -now so many and the colourings so various that there -are China Asters to suit all tastes and uses. My own -liking is for those of the pure violet-purple and lavender -colours, with whites; and to plants with these clear, -clean tints my Aster garden is restricted. In other -places I grow some of the tenderer pinks, a good blood-red, -and a clear pale yellow; but these are kept quite -away from the purples. The kinds chosen are within -the Giant Comet, Ostrich Plume and Victoria classes—all -plants with long-stalked bloom and a rather free -habit of growth. For some years I was much hindered -from getting the colours I wanted from the inaccurate -way in which they are described in seed-lists. Finally -I paid a visit to the trial-grounds of one of our premier -seed-houses, and saw all the kinds and the colourings<span class="pagenum" id="Page_75">75</span> -and made my own notes. I cannot but think that a -correct description of the colours, instead of a fanciful -one, would help both customer and seed-merchant. -As it is, the customer, in order to get the desired flowers, -has to <i>learn a code</i>. I have often observed, in comparing -French and English seed-lists, that the French -do their best to describe colours accurately, but that -the English use some wording which does not describe -the colour, but appears to be intended as a complimentary -euphemism. Thus, if I want a Giant Comet -of that beautiful pale silvery lavender, perhaps the -loveliest colour of which a China Aster is capable, I -have to ask for "azure blue." If I want a full lilac, -I must order "blue"; if a full purple it is "dark -blue." If I want a strong, rich violet-purple, I must -beware of asking for purple, for I shall get a terrible -magenta such as one year spoilt the whole colour-scheme -of my Aster garden. It is not as if the right -colour-words were wanting, for the language is rich -in them—violet, lavender, lilac, mauve, purple;—these, -with slight additions, will serve to describe -the whole of the colourings falsely called blue. -The word blue should not be used at all in connexion -with these flowers. There are no blue China -Asters.</p> - -<p>The diagram shows a simple arrangement for a -little garden of China Asters of the purple and white -colourings. The seed-list names are used in order -to identify the sorts recommended. A Lavender -hedge surrounds the whole; the paths are edged with -<i>Stachys lanata</i>. Taking Messrs. Sutton's list and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a><br /><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></span> -translating into colour-words as usually understood, -the tints are:</p> - - -<div class="center"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary=""> -<tr><td align="left">Azure blue </td><td align="left">Tender pale lavender-lilac.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">Blue</td><td align="left">Light purple.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">Dark blue</td><td align="left">Rich dark purple.</td></tr> -</table></div> - -<p>I am very glad to learn that Messrs. Sutton have in -contemplation a revision of some of these puzzling -colour-names.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="PLANOFASMALL"> -<a href="images/i_156.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_156thumb.jpg" alt="" /></a> -<div class="caption"> <i>PLAN OF A SMALL GARDEN OF CHINA ASTERS.</i></div> -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_78">78</span></p> - - -</div><div class="chapter"> - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_IX" id="CHAPTER_IX"></a>CHAPTER IX<br /> - -<small>THE FLOWER BORDERS IN SEPTEMBER</small></h2> - - -<p>The main flower border shows in September much the -same aspect as in August. But early in the month the -middle mass of strong colouring, enhanced by Tritomas -and the fuller bloom of Dahlias, is at its brightest. -The bold masses of Canna foliage have also grown up -and show their intended effect. They form one of -the highest points in the border. No attempt is made -to keep all the back-row plants standing high; on the -contrary, many that would be the tallest are pulled -down to do colour-work of medium height. The -effect is much more pictorial when the plants at the -back rise only here and there to a height of nine or ten -feet; mounting gradually and by no means at equal -distances, but somewhat as the forms of greater altitude -rise in the ridge of a mountain range. The diagram -shows how it comes in the case of my own border in -September. (<i>See</i> p. 52.)</p> - -<p>Rather near the front, the bushy masses of Gypsophila, -that a month ago were silvery grey, have now -turned to a brownish colour. They are partly covered -with trailing Nasturtiums, but the portions of brown -cloud that remain tone well with the rich reds that are -near them. In the back of this region dark claret and<span class="pagenum" id="Page_79">79</span> -blood-red Hollyhocks still show colour, and scarlet -Dahlias are a mass of gorgeous bloom. Their nearest -neighbours are tall flaming Tritomas with, in front of -them, one of the dwarfer Tritomas that is crowded with -its orange-scarlet flowers of a rather softer tone. Then -come scarlet Gladiolus, a wide group of a splendid red -Pentstemon, and, to the front, an edging and partly -carpeting mass of a good, short-growing form of <i>Salvia -splendens</i>.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="SOMEOFTHEEARLYASTERS"> -<img src="images/i_159.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>SOME OF THE EARLY ASTERS.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="THESEPTEMBERGARDEN"> -<img src="images/i_160.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>THE SEPTEMBER GARDEN.</i></div> -</div> - -<p>After these strong reds comes a drift of the brilliant -orange African Marigold, one of the most telling -plants of the time of year. Coming to the yellows of -middle strength, there are some of the perennial Sunflowers, -among them the one that seems to be a form of -<i>Helianthus orgyalis</i>, described in the last chapter. This -and some others are trained down to cover plants now -out of bloom. The fine double Rudbeckia called -Golden Glow is treated in the same way. Intergrouped -with it is a useful pale form of <i>Helianthus lætiflorus</i> -that takes up the colour when the Rudbeckia is failing.</p> - -<p>In the near end region of blue-grey foliage the bloom -of <i>Clematis davidiana</i>, also of a greyish blue, but of a -colour-quality that is almost exclusively its own, tones -delightfully with its nearest neighbours of leaf and -bloom. About here some pots of <i>Plumbago capensis</i> -are dropped in; their wide-ranging branches, instead -of being stiffly tied, are trained over some bushy plants -of leaden blue-foliaged Rue. Near this, and partly -shooting up through some of the same setting, are the -spikes of a beautiful Gladiolus of pale, cool pink colour, -the much-prized gift of an American garden-loving<span class="pagenum" id="Page_80">80</span> -friend. Tall white Snapdragons, five feet high, show -finely among the gracefully recurved leaves of the blue -Lyme Grass. Beyond is a group of <i>Lilium auratum</i>, -and in the more distant front, pale sulphur African -Marigold, just now at its best.</p> - -<p>The further end of the border that also has grey -foliage is bright with pink Hydrangeas, white and pink -Snapdragons, white Dahlias, purple Clematis, <i>Lilium -auratum</i> and <i>Aster acris</i>. <i>Yucca flaccida</i> is still in -beauty.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>There is another range of double border for the -month of September alone. It passes down through -the middle of the kitchen garden and is approached by -an arch of Laburnum. It is backed on each side by a -Hornbeam hedge some five and a half feet high. This -border is mainly for the earlier Michaelmas Daisies; -those that bloom in the first three weeks of the month. -Grey foliage in plenty is to the front. Running in -between the groups is <i>Artemisia stelleriana</i>, the quite -hardy plant that so well imitates <i>Cineraria maritima</i>; -there is also Stachys and White Pink. Further back -among the flowers are drifts of the grey-blue Lyme -Grass, some grey bushes of Phlomis and a silvery leaved -Willow, kept to a suitable size by careful pruning.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="LOWEREND"> -<img src="images/i_163.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>THE SEPTEMBER GARDEN: LOWER END.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="UPPEREND"> -<img src="images/i_164.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>THE SEPTEMBER GARDEN: UPPER END.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="BEGONIASIN"> -<img src="images/i_165.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>BEGONIAS IN A SETTING OF MEGASEA FOLIAGE.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="EARLYASTERS"> -<img src="images/i_166.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>EARLY ASTERS AND PYRETHRUM ULIGINOSUM.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="EARLYMICHAELMASDAISIES"> -<a href="images/i_167.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_167thumb.jpg" alt="" /></a> -<div class="caption"><i>THE SEPTEMBER BORDER OF EARLY MICHAELMAS DAISIES.</i></div> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_81">81</span></p> - -<p>The scheme of colouring consists of this groundwork -of grey foliage, with white, lilac, purple and pale pink -flowers; and, breaking into this colouring in two or -three distinct places, flowers of pale yellow and yellowish -white with suitable accompanying leafage. There is -also, in quite another part of the garden, a later border -of other Michaelmas Daisies that will follow this in -time of blooming. But the September borders have a -very different appearance because of their flowers of -pink and yellow, colours which are absent in those of -the later season.</p> - -<p>The yellow flowers are the pale sulphur African Marigold -and pale yellow and whitish yellow tall Snapdragons, -with bordering masses of variegated Coltsfoot, -and the Golden Feather Feverfew allowed to bloom. -The pink colourings are the wide-headed <i>Sedum spectabile</i>, -pink Japan Anemone and a few pale pink Gladioli. -The whites are Dahlias Constance and Henry Patrick, -<i>Pyrethrum uliginosum</i>, the charming perennial Aster -Colerette Blanche, a taller white or yellowish white -Aster with rough stems and harsh-feeling foliage that -I know as <i>A. umbellatus</i>. Here also are white Japan -Anemones, white Snapdragons and white China Asters -of the large, long-stemmed late-blooming kind that -were formerly known as Vick's, but are now called -Mammoth. Among the grey bordering plants are -groups of dwarf Ageratum, one of the best of the tender -plants of September and quite excellent with the -accompanying grey foliage. The grey bordering is not -merely an edging but a general front groundwork, -running here and there a yard deep into the border.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>Begonias are at their best throughout the month of -September. Beds of Begonias alone never seem to me -quite satisfactory. Here there is no opportunity for -growing them in beds, but I have them in a bit of narrow -border that is backed by shrubs, but is kept constantly<span class="pagenum" id="Page_82">82</span> -enriched. A groundwork of the large-leaved form of -<i>Megasea cordifolia</i> is planted so as to surround variously -sized groups of Begonias—groups of from five to nine -plants. The setting of the more solid leaves gives the -Begonias a better appearance and makes their bright -bloom tell more vividly. They follow in this sequence -of colouring: yellow, white, palest pink, full pink, rose, -deep red, deep rose, salmon-rose, red-lead colour or -orange-scarlet, scarlet, red-lead and orange.</p> - -<p>It is a matter of great regret that the best kind of -Dahlias for garden effect have lost favour with nurserymen, -so that it is now difficult, if not impossible, to -obtain from them the most desirable kinds. These are -a selection of those that were first called Cactus Dahlias, -much more free in form than the old show Dahlias, -but with the petals not attenuated and pointed as they -are in the modern Cactus kinds. The greater number of -these, pretty though their individual blooms are on the -show-table, are but of little use in the garden, whereas -the old sorts, King of the Cactus, Cochineal, Lady -Ardilaun, Fire King and Orange Fire King are among -the most gorgeous of our September flowers. In the -same class are: Mrs. Hawkins, palest lemon flushed -with pink; William Pearse, bright yellow; Lady M. -Marsham, bright copper; J. W. Standling, orange, -(the two last about four feet high); and the two good -whites, Constance and Henry Patrick. Of these, all -in my opinion indispensable kinds, only Fire King, -as far as I am aware, survives in contemporary trade -lists.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_83">83</span></p> - - -</div><div class="chapter"> - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_X" id="CHAPTER_X"></a>CHAPTER X<br /> - -<small>WOOD AND SHRUBBERY EDGES</small></h2> - - -<p>Opportunities for good gardening are so often overlooked -that it may be well to draw attention to some -of those that are most commonly neglected.</p> - -<p>When woodland joins garden ground there is too -often a sudden jolt; the wood ends with a hard line, -sometimes with a path along it, accentuating the defect. -When the wood is of Scotch Fir of some age there is a -monotonous emptiness of naked trunk and bare ground. -In wild moorland this is characteristic and has its own -beauty; it may even pleasantly accompany the garden -when there is only a view into it here and there; but -when the path passes along, furlong after furlong, with -no attempt to bring the wood into harmony with the -garden, then the monotony becomes oppressive and -the sudden jolt is unpleasantly perceived. There is -the well-stocked garden and there is the hollow wood -with no cohesion between the two—no sort of effort to -make them join hands.</p> - -<p>It would have been better if from the first the garden -had not been brought quite so close to the wood, then -the space between, anything from twenty-five to forty -feet, might have been planted so as to bring them into -unison. In such a case the path would go, not next<span class="pagenum" id="Page_84">84</span> -the trees but along the middle of the neutral ground -and would be so planted as to belong equally to garden -and wood. The trees would then take their place as -the bounding and sheltering feature. It is better to -plan it like this at first than to gain the space by felling -the outer trees, because the trees at the natural wood -edge are better furnished with side branches. Such -ground on the shady side of the Scotch Firs would be -the best possible site for a Rhododendron walk, and -for Azaleas and Kalmias, kept distinct from the Rhododendrons. -Then the Scotch Fir indicates the presence -of a light peaty soil; the very thing for that excellent -but much-neglected undershrub <i>Gaultheria Shallon</i>. -This is one of the few things that will grow actually -under the Firs, not perhaps in the densest part of an -old wood, but anywhere about its edges, or where any -light comes in at a clearing or along a cart-way. When -once established it spreads with a steady abundance -of increase, creeping underground and gradually -clothing more and more of the floor of the wood. The -flower and fruit have already been shown at pp. 18-19.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="GARLANDROSEWHERE"> -<img src="images/i_173.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>GARLAND ROSE, WHERE GARDEN JOINS WOOD.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="POLYGONUMCOMPACTUM"> -<img src="images/i_174.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>POLYGONUM COMPACTUM AND MEGASEA AT A WOOD EDGE.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="LILIESANDFUNKIAS"> -<img src="images/i_175.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>LILIES AND FUNKIAS AT A SHRUBBERY EDGE.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="OLEARIAGUNNI"> -<img src="images/i_176.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>OLEARIA GUNNI, FERN AND FUNKIA AT A SHRUBBERY EDGE.</i></div> -</div> - -<p>Rhododendrons are usually planted much too close -together. This is a great mistake; they should not be -nearer than eight to ten feet, or even further, apart, -especially in the case of <i>ponticum</i> and some of the -larger growing kinds. It is a common practice to fill -up the edges of their prepared places with a collection -of Heaths. The soil will no doubt suit Heaths, but I -never do it or recommend it because I feel that the -right place for Heaths is quite open ground, and there -are other plants that I think look better with the young<span class="pagenum" id="Page_85">85</span> -Rhododendrons. For my own liking the best of these -are hardy Ferns—Male Fern, Lady Fern and Dilated -Shield Fern, with groups of Lilies: <i>L. longiflorum</i> and -the lovely rosy <i>L. rubellum</i> towards the front, and -<i>L. auratum</i> further back. Some of the Andromedas, -especially <i>Catesbæi</i> and <i>axillaris</i> of the <i>Leucothoë</i>[ -section are capital plants for this use. Besides Lilies, -a few other flowering plants suitable for the Rhododendron -walk are: white Foxgloves, white Columbine, -white <i>Epilobium angustifolium</i>, <i>Trillium</i>, <i>Epimedium -pinnatum</i>, <i>Uvularia grandiflora</i>, <i>Dentaria diphylla</i> and -<i>Gentiana asclepiadea</i>. In the same region, and also -partly as edgings to the Rhododendron clumps, suitable -small bushes are <i>Rhododendron myrtifolium</i>, the Alpenrose -(<i>R. ferruginium</i>) and the sweet-leaved <i>Ledum -palustre</i>.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>When the garden comes on the sunny side of the -wood the planting would be quite different. Here is -the place for Cistuses; for the bolder groups the best -are <i>C. laurifolius</i> and <i>C. cyprius</i>, backed by plantings -of Tamarisk, Arbutus and White Broom, with here and -there a free-growing Rose of the wilder sort, such as -the type <i>polyantha</i> and <i>Brunonis</i>. If the fir-boughs -come down within reach, the wild Clematis (<i>C. Vitalba</i>) -can be led into them; it will soon ramble up the tree, -filling it with its pretty foliage and abundance of August -bloom.</p> - -<p>The Cistuses delight in a groundwork of Heath; the -wild Calluna looks as well as any, but if cultivated -kinds are used they should be in good quantities of one<span class="pagenum" id="Page_86">86</span> -sort at a time, and never as hard edgings, but as free -carpeting masses.</p> - -<p>For the edges of other kinds of woodland the free -Roses are always beautiful; where a Holly comes to -the front, a Rose such as Dundee Rambler or the Garland -will grow up it, supported by its outer branches -in the most delightful way. The wild Clematis is in -place here too, also the shade-loving plants already -named. In deciduous woodland there is probably -some undergrowth of Hazel, or of Bramble and wild -Honeysuckle. White Foxgloves should be planted -at the edge and a little way back, Daffodils for the -time when the leaves are not yet there, and Lily of the -Valley, whose charming bloom and brilliant foliage -come with the young leaves of May.</p> - -<p>Where the wood comes nearest the house with only -lawn between, it is well to have a grouping of hardy -Ferns and Lilies; where it is giving place to garden -ground and there is a shrubby background, the smaller -Polygonums, such as <i>P. compactum</i>, are in place.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="FERNSANDLILIES"> -<img src="images/i_179.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>FERNS AND LILIES AT A SHRUBBERY EDGE NEXT THE WOOD.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="GYPSOPHILAANDMEGASEA"> -<img src="images/i_180.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>GYPSOPHILA AND MEGASEA AT A SHRUBBERY EDGE.</i></div> -</div> - -<p>The spaces more or less wide between large shrubs -and turf are full of opportunities for ingenious treatment; -they are just the places most often neglected, -or at any rate not well enough considered. I have -always taken delight in working out satisfactory ways -of treating them. It seems desirable to have, next the -grass, some foliage of rather distinct and important -size or form. For this use the Megaseas are invaluable; -the one most generally useful being the large variety -of <i>M. cordifolia</i>. Funkias are also beautiful, but as -their leaves come late and go with the first frosts or<span class="pagenum" id="Page_87">87</span> -even earlier, whereas the Megaseas persist the whole -year round, the latter are the most generally desirable. -These shrub-edge spaces occur for the most -part in bays, giving an inducement to invent a separate -treatment for each bay.</p> - -<p>The two illustrations with the front planting of -<i>Funkia Sieboldi</i> are two adjoining bays; one showing -the charming shrubby Aster <i>Olearia Gunni</i> in the -middle of June, the other some groups of <i>Lilium longiflorum</i>, -planted in November of the year before, and -in bloom in early August.</p> - -<p>Sometimes a single plant of <i>Gypsophila paniculata</i> -will fill the whole of one of the recesses or bays between -the larger shrubs; <i>Hydrangea paniculata</i> is another -good filling plant, and the hardy Fuchsias; both of -these, though really woody shrubs, being cut down -every winter and treated as herbaceous plants.</p> - -<p>There is a small growing perennial Aster—I will not -venture on its specific name, but have seen it figured -in an American book of wild flowers as <i>divaricata</i>, and -provisionally know it by that name. I find it, in conjunction -with Megasea, one of the most useful of these -filling plants for edge spaces that just want some pretty -trimming but are not wide enough for anything larger. -The same group was photographed two years running. -The first year the bloom was a little thicker below, but -the second I thought it still better when it had partly -rambled up into the lower branches of the Weigela -that stood behind it. The little thin starry flower is -white and is borne in branching heads; the leaves are -lance-shaped and sharply pointed; but when the plant<span class="pagenum" id="Page_88">88</span> -is examined in the hand its most distinct character is -the small fine wire-like stem, smooth and nearly black, -that branches about in an angular way of its own.</p> - -<p>These are only a very few examples of what may -also be done in a number of other ways, but if they -serve to draw attention to those generally neglected -shrub edges, it may be to the benefit of many gardens. -Where there is room for a good group of plants they -should be of some size or solidity of character such as -Tree Lupine, Peony, Acanthus, <i>Spiræa Aruncus</i>, the -larger hardy Ferns, <i>Rubus nutkanus</i> or plants of some -such size and character. The low-growing <i>Bambusa -tessellata</i> is a capital shrub-edge plant.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="LILIESANDFERNSATTHEWOOD"> -<img src="images/i_183.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>LILIES AND FERNS AT THE WOOD EDGE NEAR THE LAWN.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="SMALLWIRESTEMMEDASTER2"> -<img src="images/i_184.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>SMALL WIRE-STEMMED ASTER AT SHRUB EDGE. SECOND YEAR AFTER PLANTING.</i></div> -</div> -<div class="figcenter" id="SMALLWIRESTEMMEDASTER3"> -<img src="images/i_185.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>SMALL WIRE-STEMMED ASTER AT SHRUB EDGE. THIRD YEAR AFTER PLANTING.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="STOBAEAPURPUREA"> -<img src="images/i_186.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>STOBÆA PURPUREA, A GREY GARDEN<br /> -WALL PLANT FOR A SUNNY PLACE.</i></div> -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_89">89</span></p> - - -</div><div class="chapter"> - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XI" id="CHAPTER_XI"></a>CHAPTER XI<br /> - -<small>GARDENS OF SPECIAL COLOURING</small></h2> - - -<p>It is extremely interesting to work out gardens in -which some special colouring predominates, and to -those who, by natural endowment or careful eye-cultivation, -possess or have acquired what artists -understand by an eye for colour, it opens out a whole -new range of garden delights.</p> - -<p>Arrangements of this kind are sometimes attempted, -for occasionally I hear of a garden for blue plants, or -a white garden, but I think such ideas are but rarely -worked out with the best aims. I have in mind a -whole series of gardens of restricted colouring, though -I have not, alas, either room or means enough to -work them out for myself, and have to be satisfied -with an all-too-short length of double border for a -grey scheme. But, besides my small grey garden I -badly want others, and especially a gold garden, a -blue garden, and a green garden; though the number -of these desires might easily be multiplied.</p> - -<p>It is a curious thing that people will sometimes -spoil some garden project for the sake of a word. For -instance, a blue garden, for beauty's sake, may be -hungering for a group of white Lilies, or for something -of palest lemon-yellow, but it is not allowed to have it<span class="pagenum" id="Page_90">90</span> -because it is called the blue garden, and there must -be no flowers in it but blue flowers. I can see no sense -in this; it seems to me like fetters foolishly self-imposed. -Surely the business of the blue garden is to -be beautiful as well as to be blue. My own idea is -that it should be beautiful first, and then just as blue -as may be consistent with its best possible beauty. -Moreover, any experienced colourist knows that the -blues will be more telling—more purely blue—by the -juxtaposition of rightly placed complementary colour. -How it may be done is shown in the plan, for, as I -cannot have these gardens myself, it will be some -consolation to suggest to those who may be in -sympathy with my views, how they may be made.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>The Grey garden is so called because most of its -plants have grey foliage, and all the carpeting and -bordering plants are grey or whitish. The flowers -are white, lilac, purple, and pink. It is a garden -mostly for August, because August is the time when -the greater number of suitable plants are in bloom, -but a Grey garden could also be made for September, -or even October, because of the number of Michaelmas -Daisies that can be brought into use.</p> - -<p>A plan is given of a connected series of gardens of -special colouring. For the sake of clearness they are -shown in as simple a form as possible, but the same -colour-scheme could be adapted to others of more -important design and larger extent.</p> - -<p>The Gold garden is chosen for the middle, partly -because it contains the greater number of permanent<span class="pagenum" id="Page_91">91</span> -shrubs and is bright and cheerful all the year round, -and partly because it is the best preparation, according -to natural colour-law, for the enjoyment of the compartments -on either side. It is supposed that the -house is a little way away to the north, with such -a garden-scheme close to it as may best suit its style -and calibre. Then I would have a plantation of -shrubs and trees. The shade and solidity of this -would rest and refresh the eye and mind, making -them the more ready to enjoy the colour garden. -Suddenly entering the Gold garden, even on the dullest -day, will be like coming into sunshine. Through the -shrub-wood there is also a path to right and left -parallel to the long axis of the colour garden, with paths -turning south at its two ends, joining the ends of the -colour-garden paths. This has been taken into account -in arranging the sequence of the compartments.</p> - -<p>The hedges that back the borders and form the -partitions are for the most part of Yew, grown and -clipped to a height of seven feet. But in the case of -the Gold garden, where the form is larger and more -free than in the others, there is no definite hedge, but -a planting of unclipped larger gold Hollies, and the -beautiful Golden Plane, so cut back and regulated -as to keep within the desired bounds. This absence -of a stiff hedge gives more freedom of aspect and a -better cohesion with the shrub-wood.</p> - -<p>In the case of the Grey garden the hedge is of Tamarisk -(<i>Tamarix gallica</i>), whose feathery grey-green is -in delightful harmony with the other foliage greys. -It will be seen on the plan that where this joins the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_92">92</span> -Gold garden the hedge is double, for it must be of -gold Holly on one side and of Tamarisk on the other. -At the entrances and partition where the path passes, -the hedge shrubs are allowed to grow higher, and are -eventually trained to form arches over the path.</p> - -<p>In the Gold and Green gardens, the shrubs, which -form the chief part of the planting, are shown as they -will be after some years' growth. It is best to have -them so from the first. If, in order to fill the space -at once, several are planted where one only should -eventually stand, the extra ones being removed later, -the one left probably does not stand quite right. I -strongly counsel the placing of them singly at first, -and that until they have grown the space should be -filled with temporary plants. Of these, in the Gold -garden, the most useful will be <i>Œnothera lamarckiana</i>, -<i>Verbascum olympicum</i>, and <i>V. phlomoides</i>, with more -Spanish Broom than the plan shows till the gold -Hollies are grown; and yellow-flowered annuals, such -as the several kinds of <i>Chrysanthemum coronarium</i>, -both single and double, and <i>Coreopsis Drummondi</i>; -also a larger quantity of African Marigolds, the pale -primrose and the lemon-coloured. The fine tall yellow -Snapdragons will also be invaluable. Flowers of a -deep orange colour, such as the orange African Marigold, -so excellent for their own use, are here out of place, -only those of pale and middle yellow being suitable.</p> - -<p>In such a garden it will be best to have, next the -path, either a whole edging of dwarf, gold-variegated -Box-bushes about eighteen inches to two feet high, -or a mixed planting of these and small bushes of gold-variegated -Euonymus clipped down to not much -over two feet. The edge next the path would be -kept trimmed to a line.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_93">93</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="THEGREYBORDERS2"> -<img src="images/i_191.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>THE GREY BORDERS: GYPSOPHILA, ECHINOPS,<br /> -PINK HOLLYHOCK, HELIOTROPE AND SILVER THISTLE.</i></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_94">94</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="OCTOBERBORDERS"> -<img src="images/i_192.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>OCTOBER BORDERS OF MICHAELMAS DAISIES.</i></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_95">95</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="ASEPTEMBERGREYGARDEN"> -<img src="images/i_193.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>A SEPTEMBER GREY GARDEN.</i></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_96">96</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="THEGREYBORDERPINK"> -<img src="images/i_194.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>THE GREY BORDER: PINK HOLLYHOCK, ECHINOPS,<br /> -ACHILLEA PEARL, GYPSOPHILA, STACHYS, etc.</i></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_97">97</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="SPECIALCOLOURGARDEN"> -<a href="images/i_195.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_195thumb.jpg" alt="" /></a> -<div class="caption"><i>SPECIAL COLOUR GARDEN—GENERAL PLAN.</i></div> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_98">98</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="AQUARTEROFTHEGOLDGARDEN"> -<a href="images/i_196.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_196thumb.jpg" alt="" /></a> -<div class="caption"><i>A QUARTER OF THE GOLD GARDEN.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="THEORANGEGARDEN"> -<a href="images/i_197.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_197thumb.jpg" alt="" /></a> -<div class="caption"><i>THE ORANGE GARDEN.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="THEGREYGARDEN198"> -<a href="images/i_198.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_198thumb.jpg" alt="" /></a> -<div class="caption"><i>THE GREY GARDEN.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="THEBLUEGARDEN"> -<a href="images/i_199.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_199thumb.jpg" alt="" /></a> -<div class="caption"><i>THE BLUE GARDEN.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="THEGREENGARDEN"> -<a href="images/i_200.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_200thumb.jpg" alt="" /></a> -<div class="caption"><i>THE GREEN GARDEN.</i></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_99">99</span></p> - -<p>The strength of colour and degree of variation is -so great that it is well worth going to a nursery to -pick out all these gold-variegated plants. It is not -enough to tell the gardener to get them. There -should be fervour on the part of the garden's owner -such as will take him on a gold-plant pilgrimage to all -good nurseries within reach, or even to some rather -out of reach. No good gardening comes of not -taking pains. All good gardening is the reward of -well-directed and strongly sustained effort.</p> - -<p>Where, in the Gold garden, the paths meet and -swing round in a circle, there may be some accentuating -ornament—a sundial, a stone vase for flowers, -or a tank for a yellow Water-lily. If a sundial, and -there should be some incised lettering, do not have -the letters gilt because it is the Gold garden; the -colour and texture of gilding are quite out of place. -If there is a tank, do not have goldfish; their colour -is quite wrong. Never hurt the garden for the sake -of the tempting word.</p> - -<p>The word "gold" in itself is, of course, an absurdity; -no growing leaf or flower has the least resemblance -to the colour of gold. But the word may be used -because it has passed into the language with a -commonly accepted meaning.</p> - -<p>I have always felt a certain hesitation in using the -free-growing perennial Sunflowers. For one thing, the -kinds with the running roots are difficult to keep in<span class="pagenum" id="Page_100">100</span> -check, and their yearly transplantation among other -established perennials is likely to cause disturbance -and injury to their neighbours. Then, in so many -neglected gardens they have been let run wild, surviving -when other plants have been choked, that, -half unconsciously, one has come to hold them cheap -and unworthy of the best use. I take it that my -own impression is not mine alone, for often when I -have been desired to do planting-plans for flower -borders, I have been asked not to put in any of these -Sunflowers because "they are so common."</p> - -<p>But nothing is "common" in the sense of base or -unworthy if it is rightly used, and it seems to me -that this Gold garden is just the place where these -bright autumn flowers may be employed to great -advantage. I have therefore shown <i>Helianthus rigidus</i> -and its tall-growing variety <i>Miss Mellish</i>, although -the colour of both is quite the deepest I should care to -advise; the paler yellow of <i>H. lætiflorus</i> being better, -especially the capital pale form of this Sunflower, and -of one that I know as a variety of <i>H. orgyalis</i>, described -at p. 69.</p> - -<p>The golden Planes, where the path comes in from -the north, are of course deciduous, and it might be -well to have gold Hollies again at the back of these, -or gold Yews, to help the winter effect.</p> - -<p>In some places in the plan the word "gold" has -been omitted, but the yellow-leaved or yellow-variegated -form of the shrub is always intended. There is -a graceful cut-leaved Golden Elder that is desirable, -as well as the common one.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="ADETAILOFTHEGREYSEPTEMBER"> -<img src="images/i_203.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"> <i>A DETAIL OF THE GREY SEPTEMBER GARDEN.<br /> -PERENNIAL ASTERS AND WHITE CHINA<br /> -ASTER MAMMOTH IN FRONT.</i></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_101">101</span></p> - -<p>Perhaps the Grey garden is seen at its best by -reaching it through the orange borders. Here the -eye becomes filled and saturated with the strong red -and yellow colouring. D on the plan stands for -Dahlia; the other plant names are written in full. -This filling with the strong, rich colouring has the -natural effect of making the eye eagerly desirous -for the complementary colour, so that, standing by -the inner Yew arch and suddenly turning to look into -the Grey garden, the effect is surprisingly—quite -astonishingly—luminous and refreshing. One never -knew before how vividly bright Ageratum could be, -or Lavender or Nepeta; even the grey-purple of -Echinops appears to have more positive colour than -one's expectation would assign to it. The purple -of the Clematises of the Jackmanii class becomes -piercingly brilliant, while the grey and glaucous -foliage looks strangely cool and clear.</p> - -<p>The plan shows the disposition of the plants, with -grey-white edging of <i>Cineraria maritima</i>, Stachys -and Santolina. There are groups of Lavender with -large-flowered Clematises (C in the plan) placed so -that they may be trained close to them and partly -over them. There are the monumental forms of the -taller Yuccas, <i>Y. gloriosa</i> and its variety <i>recurva</i> -towards the far angles, and, nearer the front (marked -Yucca in plan), the free-blooming <i>Yucca filamentosa</i> -of smaller size. The flower-colouring is of purple, -pink and white. Besides the Yuccas, the other white -flowers are <i>Lilium longiflorum</i> and <i>Lilium candidum</i> -(L C on plan), the clear white Achillea The Pearl<span class="pagenum" id="Page_102">102</span> -and the grey-white clouds of <i>Gypsophila paniculata</i>. -The pink flowers are Sutton's Godetia Double Rose, -sown in place early in May, the beautiful clear pink -Hollyhock Pink Beauty, and the pale pink Double -Soapwort. Clematis and white Everlasting Pea are -planted so that they can be trained to cover the -Gypsophila when its bloom is done and the seed-pods -are turning brown. As soon as it loses its grey colouring -the flowering tops are cut off, and the Pea and -Clematis, already brought near, are trained over. -When the Gypsophila is making its strong growth in -May, the shoots are regulated and supported by some -stiff branching spray that is stuck among it. A little -later this is quite hidden, but it remains as a firm -sub-structure when the top of the Gypsophila is cut -back and the other plants are brought over.</p> - -<p>Elymus is the blue-green Lyme Grass, a garden form -of the handsome blue-leaved grass that grows on the -seaward edges of many of our sea-shore sandhills. The -Soapwort next to it is the double form of <i>Saponaria -officinalis</i>, found wild in many places.</p> - -<p>Of Ageratum, two kinds are used—a brightly -coloured one of the dwarf kinds for places near the -front, where it tells as a close mass of colour, and the -tall <i>A. mexicanum</i> for filling up further back in the -border, where it shows as a diffuse purple cloud. -The Nepeta is the good garden Catmint (<i>N. Mussini</i>). -Its normal flowering time is June, but it is cut half -back, removing the first bloom, by the middle of the -month, when it at once makes new flowering shoots.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="YUCCASANDGREYFOLIAGE"> -<img src="images/i_207.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>YUCCAS AND GREY FOLIAGE.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="AFRONTEDGEOFGREYFOLIAGE"> -<img src="images/i_208.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>A FRONT EDGE OF GREY FOLIAGE.</i></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_103">103</span></p> - -<p>Now, after the grey plants, the Gold garden looks -extremely bright and sunny. A few minutes suffice -to fill the eye with the yellow influence, and then we -pass to the Blue garden, where there is another delightful -shock of eye-pleasure. The brilliancy and purity -of colour are almost incredible. Surely no blue -flowers were ever so blue before! That is the impression -received. For one thing, all the blue flowers -used, with the exception of Eryngium and <i>Clematis -davidiana</i>, are quite pure blues; these two are grey-blues. -There are no purple-blues, such as the bluest -of the Campanulas and the perennial Lupines; they -would not be admissible. With the blues are a few -white and palest yellow flowers; the foam-white -<i>Clematis recta</i>, a delightful foil to Delphinium Belladonna; -white perennial Lupine with an almond-like -softness of white; <i>Spiræa Aruncus</i>, another foam-coloured -flower. Then milk-white Tree Lupine, in -its carefully decreed place near the bluish foliage of -Rue and Yucca. Then there is the tender citron of -Lupine Somerset and the full canary of the tall yellow -Snapdragon, the diffused pale yellow of the soft plumy -Thalictrum and the strong canary of <i>Lilium szovitzianum</i>, -with white Everlasting Pea and white Hollyhock -at the back. White-striped Maize grows up to cover -the space left empty by the Delphiniums when their -bloom is over, and pots of <i>Plumbago capense</i> are -dropped in to fill empty spaces. One group of this is -trained over the bluish-leaved <i>Clematis recta</i>, which -goes out of flower with the third week of July.</p> - -<p>Yuccas, both of the large and small kinds, are also -used in the Blue garden, and white Lilies, <i>candidum</i><span class="pagenum" id="Page_104">104</span> -and <i>longiflorum</i>. There is foliage both of glaucous -and of bright green colour, besides an occasional patch -of the silvery <i>Eryngium giganteum</i>. At the front edge -are the two best Funkias, <i>F. grandiflora</i>, with leaves -of bright yellow-green, and <i>F. Sieboldi</i>, whose leaves -are glaucous. The variegated Coltsfoot is a valuable -edge-plant where the yellowish white of its bold -parti-colouring is in place, and I find good use for the -variegated form of the handsome Grass <i>Glyceria</i> or -<i>Poa aquatica</i>. Though this is a plant whose proper -place is in wet ground, it will accommodate itself -to the flower border, but it is well to keep it on the -side away from the sun. It harmonises well in colour -with the Coltsfoot; as a garden plant it is of the -same class as the old Ribbon Grass, but is very -much better. The great white-striped Japanese grass, -<i>Eulalia japonica striata</i> (EU on the plan), is planted -behind the Delphiniums at the angles, and groups -well with the Maize just in front.</p> - -<p>From the Blue garden, passing eastward, we come -to the Green garden. Shrubs of bright and deep -green colouring and polished leaf-surface predominate. -Here are green Aucubas and Skimmias, with <i>Ruscus -racemosus</i>, the beautiful Alexandrian or Victory Laurel, -and more polished foliage of <i>Acanthus</i>, <i>Funkia</i>, <i>Asarum</i>, -<i>Lilium candidum</i> and <i>longiflorum</i>, and <i>Iris fœtidissima</i>. -Then feathery masses of paler green, Male Fern and -Lady Fern and <i>Myrrhis odorata</i>, the handsome fern-like -Sweet Cicely of old English gardens. In the -angles are again Eulalias, but these are the variety -<i>zebrina</i> with the leaves barred across with yellow.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_105">105</span></p> - -<p>In the Green garden the flowers are fewer and -nearly all white—Campanulas <i>latifolia</i> and <i>persicifolia</i>, -Lilies, Tulips, Foxgloves, Snapdragons, Peonies, -Hellebores—giving just a little bloom for each season -to accompany the general scheme of polished and -fern-like foliage. A little bloom of palest yellow -shows in the front in May and June, with the flowers -of Uvularia and Epimedium. But the Green garden, -for proper development, should be on a much larger -scale.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_106">106</span></p> - - -</div><div class="chapter"> - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XII" id="CHAPTER_XII"></a>CHAPTER XII<br /> - -<small>CLIMBING PLANTS</small></h2> - - -<p>When one sees climbing plants or any of the shrubs -that are so often used as climbers, planted in the usual -way on a house or wall, about four feet apart and with -no attempt at arrangement, it gives one that feeling -of regret for opportunities lost or misused that is the -sentiment most often aroused in the mind of the -garden critic in the great number of pleasure-grounds -that are planted without thought or discernment. -Not infrequently in passing along a country road, with -eye alert to note the beauties that are so often presented -by little wayside cottage gardens, something is seen -that may well serve as a lesson in better planting. -The lesson is generally one that teaches greater simplicity—the -doing of one thing at a time; the avoidance -of overmuch detail. One such cottage has under the -parlour window an old bush of <i>Pyrus japonica</i>. It had -been kept well spurred back and must have been a -mass of gorgeous bloom in early spring. The rest of -the cottage was embowered in an old Grape Vine, -perhaps of all wall plants the most beautiful, and, I -always think, the most harmonious with cottages or -small houses of the cottage class. It would seem to -be least in place on the walls of houses of classical type,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_107">107</span> -though such houses are often unsuitable for any wall -plants. Still there are occasions where the noble -polished foliage of Magnolia comes admirably on their -larger spaces, and the clear-cut refinement of Myrtle -on their lesser areas of wall-surface.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="HARDYGRAPEVINEONSOUTH"> -<img src="images/i_213.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>HARDY GRAPE VINE ON SOUTH SIDE OF HOUSE.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="HARDYGRAPEVINEONHOUSE"> -<img src="images/i_214.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>HARDY GRAPE VINE ON HOUSE WALL.</i></div> -</div> - -<p>It is, like all other matters of garden planning, a -question of knowledge and good taste. The kind of -wall or house and its neighbouring forms are taken -into account and a careful choice is made of the most -suitable plants. For my own part I like to give a house, -whatever its size or style, some dominant note in wall-planting. -In my own home, which is a house of the -large cottage class, the prevailing wall-growths are -Vines and Figs in the south and west, and, in a shady -northward facing court between two projecting wings, -<i>Clematis montana</i> on the two cooler sides, and again -a Vine upon the other. At one angle on the warmer -side of the house where the height to the eaves is not -great, China Roses have been trained up, and Rosemary, -which clothes the whole foot of the wall, is here -encouraged to rise with it. The colour of the China -Rose bloom and the dusky green of the Rosemary are -always to me one of the most charming combinations. -In remembrance of the cottage example lately quoted -there is <i>Pyrus japonica</i> under the long sitting-room -window. I remember another cottage that had a porch -covered with the golden balls of <i>Kerria japonica</i>, and -China Roses reaching up the greater part of the low -walls of half timber and plastering; the pink Roses -seeming to ask one which of them were the loveliest -in colour; whether it was those that came against the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_108">108</span> -silver-grey of the old oak or those that rested on the -warm-white plaster. It should be remembered that -of all Roses the pink China is the one that is more -constantly in bloom than any other, for its first flowers -are perfected before the end of May, and in sheltered -places the later ones last till Christmas.</p> - -<p>The <i>Clematis montana</i> in the court riots over the -wall facing east and up over the edge of the roof. At -least it appears to riot, but is really trained and regulated; -the training favouring its natural way of throwing -down streamers and garlands of its long bloom-laden -cordage. At one point it runs through and over -a Guelder Rose that is its only wall companion. Then -it turns to the left and is trained in garlands along a -moulded oak beam that forms the base of a timbered -wall with plastered panels.</p> - -<p>But this is only one way of using this lovely climbing -plant. Placed at the foot of any ragged tree—old -worn-out Apple or branching Thorn—or a rough brake -of Bramble and other wild bushes, it will soon fill or -cover it with its graceful growth and bounteous bloom. -It will rush up a tall Holly or clothe an old hedgerow -where thorns have run up and become thin and gappy, -or cover any unsightly sheds or any kind of outbuilding. -All Clematises prefer a chalky soil, but <i>montana</i> does -not insist on this, and in my pictures they are growing -in sandy ground. In the end of May it comes into -bloom, and is at its best in the early days of June. -When the flowers are going over and the white petals -show that slightly shrivelled surface that comes before -they fall, they give off a sweet scent like vanilla. This -cannot always be smelt from the actual flowers, but is -carried by the air blowing over the flowering mass; it -is a thing that is often a puzzle to owners of gardens -some time in the second week of June.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="VINEANDFIG"> -<img src="images/i_217.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>VINE AND FIG AT DOOR OF MUSHROOM HOUSE.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="CLEMATISMONTANAATANGLEOFCOURT"> -<img src="images/i_218.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>CLEMATIS MONTANA AT ANGLE OF COURT.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="CLEMATISMONTANAOVERWORKSHOPWINDOW"> -<img src="images/i_219.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>CLEMATIS MONTANA OVER WORKSHOP WINDOW.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="CLEMATISMONTANATRAINEDASGARLANDS"> -<img src="images/i_220.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>CLEMATIS MONTANA TRAINED AS GARLANDS.</i></div> -</div> -<div class="figcenter" id="CLEMATISFLAMMULAAND"> -<img src="images/i_221.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>CLEMATIS FLAMMULA AND SPIRÆA LINDLEYANA ON A WALL.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="ABUTILONVITIFOLIUM"> -<img src="images/i_222.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>ABUTILON VITIFOLIUM.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="IPOMOEAHEAVENLYBLUE"> -<img src="images/i_223.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>IPOMŒA "HEAVENLY BLUE" AND CHASSELAS VINE.</i>]</div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="SOLANUMJASMINOIDES"> -<img src="images/i_224.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>SOLANUM JASMINOIDES.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="CLEMATISFLAMMULAONANGLEOFCOTTAGE"> -<img src="images/i_225.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>CLEMATIS FLAMMULA ON ANGLE OF COTTAGE.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="CLEMATISFLAMMULAONCOTTAGE"> -<img src="images/i_226.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>CLEMATIS FLAMMULA ON COTTAGE.</i></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_109">109</span></p> - -<p>Another of these Clematises, that, like the <i>montana</i> -of gardens, is very near the wild species and is good for -all the same purposes, is <i>C. Flammula</i>, blooming in -September. Very slightly trained it takes the form of -flowery clouds. The illustrations show it used in -various ways, on a cottage, on an oak-paled fence and -on a wall combined with the feathery foliage of <i>Spiræa -Lindleyana</i>. I do not think there is any incident in -my garden that has been more favourably noticed than -the happy growth of these two plants together. The -wall faces north a little west, and every year it is a -delight to see not only the beauty of associated form, -but the loveliness of the colouring; for the Clematis -bloom has the warm white of foam and the Spiræa has -leaves of the rather pale green of Lady Fern besides -a graceful fern-like form, and a slight twist or turn -also of a fern-like character. But this Clematis has -many other uses, for bowers, arches and pergolas, as -well as for many varied aspects of wild gardening.</p> - -<p>A shrub for wall use that is much neglected though -of the highest beauty is <i>Abutilon vitifolium</i>. In our -northern and midland counties it may not be hardy, -but it does well anywhere south of London. The -flowers, each two and a half inches across, are borne in -large, loose clusters, their tender lavender colour -harmonising perfectly with the greyish, downy foliage.</p> - -<p>There is no lovelier or purer blue than that of the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_110">110</span> -newly opened <i>Ipomœa rubro-cœrulea</i>, popularly known -as Heavenly Blue and well deserving the name. It -must be raised in heat early in the year and be put -out in June against a warm wall. Here it is in a narrow -border at the foot of a wall facing south-west, where, -by the aid of a few short pea-sticks, it climbs into the -lower branches of a Vine. The Vine is one of the -Chasselas kind, with leaves of a rather pale green, -almost yellowish green, colour that make the best -possible foil to the pure blue of the Ipomea. To -my eye it is the most enjoyable colour-feast of the -year. <i>Solanum crispum</i>, with purple flowers in goodly -bunches, is one of the best of wall shrubs.</p> - -<p>Another of the tender plants that is beautiful for -walls and for free rambling over other wall-growths -is <i>Solanum jasminoides</i>. Its white clusters come into -bloom in middle summer and persist till latest autumn. -In two gardens near me it is of singular beauty; in the -one case on the sunny wall of a sheltered court where -it covers a considerable space, in the other against a -high south retaining-wall where, from the terrace above, -the flowers are seen against the misty woodland of -the middle distance and the pure grey-blue of the faraway -hills. Turning round on the very same spot -there is the remarkable growth of the Sweet Verbena -that owes its luxuriance to its roots and main shoots -being under shelter. There must be unending opportunities, -where there are verandahs, of having just -such bowers of sweetness to brush against in passing -and to waft scented air to the windows of the rooms -above.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="CLEMATISFLAMMULAONAWOODENFENCE"> -<img src="images/i_229.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>CLEMATIS FLAMMULA ON A WOODEN FENCE.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="SWEETVERBENA"> -<img src="images/i_230.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>SWEET VERBENA.</i></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_111">111</span></p> - -<p>These notes can only touch upon the more careful -use of a few of the many climbing plants and trailing -shrubs. One of the many garden possessions that I -ardently desire and can never have is a bit of rocky -hillside; a place partly of sheer scarp and partly of -tumbled and outcropping rock-mass, for the best use -of these plants. There would be the place for the -yellow winter Jasmine, for the Honeysuckles both -bushy and rambling, for the trailing Clematises lately -described, and for the native <i>C. Vitalba</i>, beautiful both -in flower and fruit; for shrubs like <i>Forsythia suspensa</i> -and <i>Desmodium penduliflorum</i> that like to root high -and then throw down cascades of bloom, and for the -wichuraiana Roses, also for Gourds and wild Vines. -There should be a good quarter of a mile of it so that -one might plant at perfect ease, one thing at a time -or one or two in combination, in just such sized and -shaped groups as would make the most delightful -pictures, and in just the association that would show -the best assortment.</p> - -<p>I have seen long stretches of bare chalky banks for -year after year with nothing done to dispel their bald -monotony, feeling inward regret at the wasted opportunity; -thinking how beautiful they might be made -with a planting of two common things, <i>Clematis Vitalba</i> -and Red Spur Valerian. But such examples are without -end.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_112">112</span></p> - - -</div><div class="chapter"> - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XIII" id="CHAPTER_XIII"></a>CHAPTER XIII<br /> - -<small>GROUPINGS OF PLANTS IN POTS</small></h2> - - -<p>It is a common thing in Italian gardens to see a quantity -of plants in pots standing in various parts of the -garden, generally in connexion with paved terraces -and steps. This is in addition to the larger pot plants—Oranges, -Lemons, Oleanders, &c., that, in their -immense and often richly decorated earthenware -receptacles, form an important part of the garden -design. In our climate we cannot have these unless -there is an Orangery or some such spacious place free -from frost for housing them in winter. But good -groupings of smaller plants in pots is a form of ornament -that might be made more use of in our own gardens, -especially where there are paved spaces near a house -or in connexion with a tank or fountain, so that there -is convenient access to means of daily watering. I -have such a space in a cool court nearly square in shape. -A middle circle is paved, and all next the house is paved, -on a level of one shallow step higher. It is on the sides -of this raised step that the pot plants are grouped, -leaving the middle space free where there is a wooden -seat, and good access to a door to the left.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="POTPLANTSJUSTPLACED"> -<img src="images/i_233.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>POT PLANTS JUST PLACED.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="PLANTSINPOTSINTHESHADEDCOURT"> -<img src="images/i_234.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>PLANTS IN POTS IN THE SHADED COURT: FUNKIA, LILIUM LONGIFLORUM, -FERNS AND ASPIDISTRA.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="MAIDENSWREATH"> -<img src="images/i_235.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>MAIDEN'S WREATH</i> (<i>FRANCOA RAMOSA</i>).</div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="MAIDENSWREATHBYTANK"> -<img src="images/i_236.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>MAIDEN'S WREATH BY TANK.</i></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_113">113</span></p> - -<p>The first thing is to secure good greenery. On each -side three oblong Italian terra-cotta pots full of <i>Funkia -grandiflora</i> stand on the lower level. They serve to -hide the common flower-pots that are ranged behind. -The picture shows how it looks a day or two after it -is first arranged, early in June when the <i>Clematis -montana</i> is still in bloom. Next above the ornamental -pots are common ones also with <i>Funkia grandiflora</i>. -On the inner side of the groups, next the house, are pots -of Aspidistra, and, against the wall, of Male Fern, and -there are more Ferns and Funkias for filling spaces -between the flowering plants. Of these the most -important are Lilies—<i>longiflorum</i>, <i>candidum</i> and -<i>speciosum</i>—and Hydrangeas, but we also have pots of -<i>Gladiolus Colvillei</i> The Bride, <i>Campanula persicifolia</i> -and <i>C. pyramidalis</i> and white and pink Cup-and-saucer -Canterbury Bells. The last are taken up from the -ground and potted only just before they come into -bloom.</p> - -<p>There are seldom more than two kinds of flowering -plants placed here at a time; the two or three sorts of -beautiful foliage are in themselves delightful to the eye; -often there is nothing with them but Lilies, and one -hardly desires to have more. There is an ample filling -of the green plants, so that no pots are seen.</p> - -<p>If the place were in the sun the plants chosen would -be largely Geraniums; two-year-old plants in good-sized -pots; and, in place of the Ferns that enjoy shade -and the Funkias whose leaves often burn in the sun, -there would be the large leaved <i>Megasea cordifolia</i>. -Here also would be Lilies, Hydrangeas and Cannas, -and good store of the graceful Maiden's Wreath (<i>Francoa -ramosa</i>).</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_114">114</span></p> - -<p>The Geraniums would be very carefully assorted for -colour; in one part of the scheme white and soft pink, -in another the rosy scarlets, and elsewhere the salmon-reds, -now so numerous and good. The last two groups -might by degrees tone into the pure scarlets, of which -the best I know and the most delightful in colour is -Paul Crampel. The colour is pure and brilliant but -not <i>cruel</i>. I can think of no other word that so well -describes some scarlets of a harsh quality that gives -discomfort rather than satisfaction to a sensitive -colour-eye. Henry Jacoby is to me one of the cruel reds -and has no place among my flowers. I have no desire -to disparage a plant which is so general a favourite, -but feel sure that its popularity is a good deal owing -to the fact that the main gardening public is inclined -rather to accept what is put before it than to take the -trouble to search for something better. Although the -colour of this Geranium is extremely vivid, a whole bed -of it has a heavy appearance and is wanting in pictorial -effect.</p> - -<p>I have great pleasure in putting together Omphale, -palest salmon-pink; Mrs. Laurence, a shade deeper; -Mrs. Cannell, a salmon-scarlet approaching the quality -of colour of Phlox Coquelicot, and leading these by -degrees to the pure, good scarlet of Paul Crampel. A -bed or clump or border planted with these, or varieties -equivalent in colour, would be seen to have, in comparison -with a bed of Henry Jacoby, a quite remarkable -degree of life, brilliancy, beauty and interest. The -colouring would be actually brighter and yet more kind -and acceptable to the eye.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_115">115</span></p> - -<p>Had I more strength I should visit the nurseries in -order to see all the excellent Geraniums that are now -grown, and to group them into colour-combinations -such as could be confidently recommended. As it is, -I have to depend upon the courtesy of my friends in -the horticultural trade, when I have occasion to make -such combinations, for sending me blooms that I can -choose from.</p> - -<p>For detached vases that stand on pedestals, so that -the whole of the vase and contents becomes warmed by -exposure to sunlight, a condition specially grateful to -Geraniums, I know no variety more useful than King -of Denmark. The flowers are in large trusses, half-double, -of an excellent soft salmon-pink colour; the -foliage is bold and well marked; the whole plant -massive and handsome. For this and any other outdoor -pot-culture it is best if strong two-year-old plants -can be kept.</p> - -<p>There are among Geraniums some of a raw magenta-pink -that I regret to see in many gardens and that will -certainly never be admitted into mine.</p> - -<p>In designing gardens where there are flagged spaces -it is well to remember the good effect of summer flowers -in slightly raised beds with stone edges. Such beds -often come happily in conjunction with steps and -paved landings and designs in which fountains occur. -Summer flowers, such as Geraniums, Lilies and Cannas, -seem to revel in such beds and are never seen to better -advantage. Owing to the cottage character of my -house I have little scope for such beds—none at all -for the best kind with dwarf walls and curbs of moulded<span class="pagenum" id="Page_116">116</span> -freestone, but I have one edged with a low wall of -local sandstone where there is a square landing paved -with the same stone and short flights of steps in connexion -with a tank and a lower garden level. Here -Geraniums and Cannas luxuriate in shelter and full -sunshine.</p> - -<p>Maiden's Wreath (<i>Francoa ramosa</i>) is a plant for -many uses. The foliage, though sparing in quantity, -is distinct and handsome. The long flower-stems are -flung out with a kind of determination of character -that would seem to imply that the plant knows what -is expected of it and intends to fulfil its settled duty -and purpose, namely, that of being a graceful and -beautiful ornament. Towards the later summer these -flower-stems become so heavy that there is danger of -their weight, swayed by a little wind, wrenching out -whole portions of the plant. Support should be given -with short pieces of hazel stick tied half way up the -stem. In nurseries it is general, and even in private -gardens not unusual, to see the flowers tied straight -upright. This should never be, for it not only forces -the plant into a form that is entirely at variance with -its nature, but robs it of its natural grace and valuable -individuality.</p> - -<p>There is no end to the uses of Hydrangeas in pots; -a well-bloomed plant will give life and interest to many -an uninteresting corner; the bloom is long-enduring -and stands equally well in sun and shade. If the blue -colour, which comes naturally in some soils is desired, -it can be had by mixing pounded slate and iron filings -with the compost—alum is another well-known agent -for inducing the blue colour. But I have much faith -in slate, for the bluest I have ever seen came from a -garden on a slaty soil.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="GERANIUMSANDCANNAS"> -<img src="images/i_241.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>GERANIUMS AND CANNAS IN A STONE-EDGED BED.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="MAIDENSWREATHINPOTSABOVETANK"> -<img src="images/i_242.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>MAIDEN'S WREATH IN POTS ABOVE TANK.</i></div> -</div> -<div class="figcenter" id="FUNKIAHYDRANGEAANDLILY"> -<img src="images/i_243.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>FUNKIA, HYDRANGEA AND LILY IN THE SHADED COURT.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="FUNKIAANDLILIUMSPECIOSUM"> -<img src="images/i_244.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>FUNKIA AND LILIUM SPECIOSUM.</i></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_117">117</span></p> - -<p>A few only of the many plants that can with advantage -be used in pots have been named, but in any -case it would be well to bear in mind that it is best to -restrict the number of kinds shown at once and to make -sure of the good groundwork of foliage. I have therefore -only dwelt upon the few that came to mind as the -best and easiest to use. But the pretty red and white -single Fuchsias of the Mme. Cornellisson type should -not be forgotten, also that the fine Comet and Ostrich -Plume Asters are capital pot-plants, for, like Canterbury -Bells, they bear lifting from the open ground just before -they flower and even in full bloom.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>Plants grown in pots lead naturally to the consideration -of those most suitable for tubs. Of these the most -important are permanent things of shrubby nature—several -of the Orange and Lemon family, Oleander, -Pomegranate, Bay, Myrtle, Datura, Sweet Verbena -and dwarf Palm, also Hydrangea, Tree Heliotrope and -Agapanthus. The last is of course a bulbous plant, -but from its large, solid foliage and quantity of long-enduring -bloom it is one of the best of plants for tubs. -The greater number of these need housing in winter -in an Orangery or other frost-proof building. Other -bushy plants for tub use that are hardier are some of -the Veronicas, such as <i>Traversi</i>, <i>speciosa</i> and <i>hulkeana</i>, -<i>Olearia Haastii</i> and <i>O. Gunni</i>. Tree Peonies, though -rarely so used, are capital tub plants, and, though they<span class="pagenum" id="Page_118">118</span> -are not very long in flower, their supreme beauty makes -them desirable. They should certainly be grown in -places where labour is not restricted and where there -are suitable places for standing such plants away and -caring for them in the off season.</p> - -<p>For the same kind of use the Tree Lupines, both -white and yellow, would be excellent. <i>Funkia Sieboldi</i> -also makes a handsome tub, while for summer filling -Cannas are admirable and old Geraniums in bush form -always acceptable. I have never seen Acanthus used -in this way, but can see no reason against it. The -smaller Bamboos, such as the handsome broad-leaved -<i>B. tessellata</i>, are very good in tubs. In speaking of -plants suitable for tubs, I take the word to include the -larger sizes of terra-cotta pots; but Agapanthus should -never be planted in earthenware, as the roots, which -remain for many years undisturbed, have so strong a -rending power that they will burst anything less -resisting than iron-hooped wood.</p> - -<p>It is rare to see, anywhere in England, plant-tubs -painted a pleasant colour. In nearly every garden they -are painted a strong raw green with the hoops black, -whereas any green that is not bright and raw would -be much better. This matter of the colouring of all -such garden accessories as have to be painted deserves -more attention than it commonly receives. Doors in -garden walls, trellises, wooden railings and hand-gates -and seats—all these and any other items of woodwork -that stand out in the garden and are seen among its -flowers and foliage should, if painted green, be of such -a green as does not for brightness come into competition<span class="pagenum" id="Page_119">119</span> -with the green of leaves. In the case of tubs especially, -it is the plant that is to be considered first—not the -tub. The bright, harsh green on the woodwork makes -the colour of the foliage look dull and ineffective. It -would be desirable, in the case of solitary tub plants, -to study the exact colour that would be most becoming -to the flower and foliage; but as it is needful, to avoid -a patchy appearance, to paint the whole of the tubs in -any one garden-scheme the same colour, a tint should -be chosen that is quiet in itself and that is lower in tone -than the dullest of the foliage in any of the examples. -Moreover, there is no reason for painting the hoops -black; it is much better to paint the whole out of -one pot.</p> - -<p>A good quiet green can be made with black, chrome -No. 1 and white lead; enough white being mixed to -give the depth or lightness desired. A pretty colour of -paint is much used in France that approximates to the -colourman's malachite green. This is not the bright -colour of malachite as we know the polished stone, -but a pale, opaque bluish green approaching the turquoise -tints. In the bright, clear climate of France, -and in connexion with the higher type of French -architecture, also in more southern countries, the -colour looks very well, though it is not becoming to -some foliage; but something quieter and more sober -is better suited for England.</p> - -<p>Elsewhere I have written of the deplorable effect in -the garden landscape of the glaring white paint—still -worse when tinted blue—that emphasises the ugliness -of the usual greenhouse or conservatory. This may<span class="pagenum" id="Page_120">120</span> -be mitigated, if the unsightly structure cannot be -concealed, by adding to the white a good deal of black -and raw umber, till the paint is of the quiet warm grey -that for some strange reason is known to house-painters -as Portland-stone colour.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="LILIUMAURATUM"> -<img src="images/i_249.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>LILIUM AURATUM.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="ATUBHYDRANGEA"> -<img src="images/i_250.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>A TUB HYDRANGEA.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="STEPSANDHYDRANGEAS"> -<img src="images/i_251.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>STEPS AND HYDRANGEAS.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="THENARROWSOUTHLAWN"> -<img src="images/i_252.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>THE NARROW SOUTH LAWN.</i></div> -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_121">121</span></p> - - -</div><div class="chapter"> - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XIV" id="CHAPTER_XIV"></a>CHAPTER XIV<br /> - -<small>SOME GARDEN PICTURES</small></h2> - - -<p>When the eye is trained to perceive pictorial effect, it -is frequently struck by something—some combination -of grouping, lighting and colour—that is seen to have -that complete aspect of unity and beauty that to the -artist's eye forms a picture. Such are the impressions -that the artist-gardener endeavours to produce in -every portion of the garden. Many of these good -intentions fail, some come fairly well, a few reward -him by a success that was beyond anticipation. When -this is the case it is probably due to some cause that -had been overlooked but that had chanced to complete -his intention, such as the position of the sun in -relation to some wished-for colour-picture. Then there -are some days during the summer when the quality -of light seems to tend to an extraordinary beauty of -effect. I have never been able to find out how the -light on these occasions differs from that of ordinary -fine summer days, but, when these days come, I know -them and am filled with gladness.</p> - -<p>In the case of my own garden, as far as deliberate -intention goes, what is aimed at is something quite -simple and devoid of complication; generally one -thing or a very limited number of flowering things at<span class="pagenum" id="Page_122">122</span> -a time, but that one, or those few things, carefully -placed so as to avoid fuss, and to please the eye and -give ease to the mind. In many cases the aim has -been to show some delightful colour-combination without -regard to the other considerations that go to the -making of a more ambitious picture. It may be a -group in a shrub border, or a combination of border -and climbing plants, or some carefully designed company -of plants in the rock garden. I have a little rose that -I call the Fairy Rose. It came to me from a cottage -garden, and I have never seen it elsewhere. It grows -about a foot high and has blush-pink flowers with -the colour deepening to the centre. In character the -flower is somewhere between the lovely Blush Boursault -at its best and the little De Meaux. It is an inch and -a half across and of beautiful form, especially in the -half-opened bud. Wishing to enjoy its beauty to the -utmost, and to bring it comfortably within sight, I -gave it a shelf in raised rock-work and brought near -and under it a clear pale lilac Viola and a good drift of -<i>Achillea umbellata</i>. It was worth doing. Another -combination that gives me much pleasure is that of -the pink Pompon Rose Mignonette with Catmint -and whitish foliage, such as Stachys or <i>Artemisia -stelleriana</i>. I may have mentioned this before, but -it is so pretty that it deserves repetition.</p> - -<p>In a shrubbery border the fine <i>Spiræa Aruncus</i> is -beautiful with an interplanting of <i>Thalictrum purpureum</i>. -At the end of a long flower-clump there is -a yew hedge coming forward at right angles to the -length of the border. Behind the hedge is a stone wall<span class="pagenum" id="Page_123">123</span> -with an arch, through which the path in front of the -border passes. Over the stone arch and rambling -partly over the yews are the vigorous many-flowered -growths of <i>Clematis Flammula</i>. In the end of the -border are pale sulphur-coloured Hollyhocks. Both in -form and colour this was a delightful picture; the -foam-like masses of the Clematis resting on the dusky -richness of the yew; the straight shafts of the Hollyhock -giving clear colour and agreeing with the upright -lines of the sides of the archway, which showed dimly -in the shade. These are only a few incidents out of -numbers that occur or are intentionally arranged.</p> - -<p>There is a place near my house where a path leads -down through a nut-walk to the further garden. It is -crossed by a shorter path that ends at a Birch tree -with a tall silvered trunk. It seemed desirable to -accentuate the point where the paths cross; I therefore -put down four square platforms of stone "pitching" -as a place for the standing of four Hydrangeas in tubs. -Just before the tree is a solid wooden seat and a shallow -wide step done with the same stone pitching. Tree -and seat are surrounded on three sides by a rectangular -planting of yews. The tender greys of the rugged -lower bark of the Birch and the silvering of its upper -stem tell finely against the dark velvet-like richness -of the Yew and the leaf-mass of other trees beyond; -the pink flowers and fresh green foliage of the Hydrangeas -are also brilliant against the dusky green. It is -just one simple picture that makes one glad for three -months of the later summer and early autumn. The -longer cross-path, which on the right leads in a few<span class="pagenum" id="Page_124">124</span> -yards to steps up to the paved court on the north side -of the house, on the left passes down the nut-walk as -the second illustration shows. The Birch tree and -seat are immediately to the right, just out of the -picture. Standing a little way down the shaded nut-walk -and looking back, the Hydrangeas are seen in -another aspect, with the steps and house behind them -in shade, and the sun shining through their pale green -leaves. Sitting on the seat, the eye, passing between -the pink Hydrangea flowers, sees a short straight -path bounded by a wall of Tree Box to right and left, -and at the far end one tub of pale blue Hydrangea in -shade, backed by a repetition of the screen of Yews -such as enclose the Birch tree.</p> - -<p>On the south side of the house there is a narrow -border full of Rosemary, with China Roses and a -Vine, as shown in the illustration opposite p. 106. -Here the narrow lawn, backed by woodland, is higher -than the house-level. Shallow steps lead up to it in -the middle, and to right and left is low dry-walling. -On the upper edge of this is a hedge of Scotch Briars, -shown in full bloom at p. 48, and in the narrow -border below, a planting of the low-growing <i>Andromeda -(Leucothoë) axillaris</i>, a little shrub that is neat throughout -the year and in winter prettily red-tinted.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="HYDRANGEATUBSANDBIRCH"> -<img src="images/i_257.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>HYDRANGEA TUBS AND BIRCH-TREE SEAT.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="HYDRANGEATUBSANDNUTWALK"> -<img src="images/i_258.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>HYDRANGEA TUBS AND NUT WALK.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="WHITELILIES"> -<img src="images/i_259.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>WHITE LILIES.</i></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="THESTEPSANDTHEIRINCIDENTS"> -<img src="images/i_260.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"><i>THE STEPS AND THEIR INCIDENTS.</i></div> -</div> - - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_125">125</span></p> - -<p>The beautiful White Lily cannot be grown in the -hot sandy soil of my garden. Even if its place be -ever so well prepared with the loam and lime that it -loves, the surrounding soil-influences seem to rob it -of its needful nourishment; it makes a miserable -show for one year and never appears again. The only -way to grow it is in pots or tubs sunk in the soil. For -some years I had wished to have an orderly planting -of this lovely Lily in the lower border at the back of -the Andromeda just in front of the Briars. I had no -flower-pots deep enough, or wide enough at the bottom, -but was able to make a contrivance with some short, -broad, unglazed drain-pipes, measuring a foot long and -of about the same diameter, by cementing in an artificial -bottom made of pieces of roofing-tile and broken -flower-pot, leaving spaces for drainage. Then three -bulbs were put in each pot in a compost that I knew -they would enjoy. When they were half grown the -pots were sunk in holes at nearly even distances -among the Andromedas, and in a few weeks my row -of Lilies gave me my reward. Other Lilies (<i>L. longiflorum</i>) -follow them a month later, just beyond in the -wood edge among tufts of Male Fern, and a pot of -Francoa is to right and left of the shallow steps.</p> - -<p>During the last year or two some pretty incidents -have occurred about these same steps; not important -enough to call garden pictures, but charming and interesting -and easily enjoyable because they are close to -the open garden door of the sitting-room and because -they teach me to look out for the desirable things that -come of themselves. A seedling of the wild Clematis -(<i>C. Vitalba</i>) appeared among the Briars to the left. -As it was too strong a plant to let grow over them -unchecked, I pulled it forward towards the steps, -training one or two shoots to run along the hollow of -the step and laying on them pieces of stone invisible -among the foliage, to keep them from being dislodged<span class="pagenum" id="Page_126">126</span> -by the skirts of visitors or the gambols of my cats. -At the same time, in a crack of the stone just below -the upper step there came a seedling of the tall Chimney -Campanula (<i>C. pyramidalis</i>). The second year this -threw up its tall flower-stem and was well in bloom -when it was wrecked by an early autumn gale, the -wind wrenching out the crown and upper root-stock. -But a little shred of rooted life remained and now there -is again the sturdy tuft promising more flower-stems -for the coming season.</p> - -<p>Close behind the Bell-flower a spreading sheet of -Wild Thyme has crept out of the turf and spread rather -widely over the stone. Luckily I just saved it from -the tidying process that threatened it, and as it is now -well established over the stone I still have the pleasure -of its bright rosy bloom when the duties of the mowing-machine -rob me of the other tiny flowers—Hawkweed, -Milkwort and Bedstraw—that bloom so bravely in -the intervals between its ruthless but indispensable -ministrations.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_127">127</span></p> - - -</div><div class="chapter"> - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XV" id="CHAPTER_XV"></a>CHAPTER XV<br /> - -<small>A BEAUTIFUL FRUIT GARDEN</small></h2> - - -<p>There is a whole range of possible beautiful treatment -in fruit-growing that is rarely carried out or even -attempted. Hitherto but little has been done to -make the fruit garden a place of beauty; we find it -almost flaunting its unloveliness, its white painted -orchard-houses and vineries, its wires and wire nettings. -It is not to be denied that all these are necessary, and -that the usual and most obvious way of working them -does not make for beauty. But in designing new -gardens or remodelling old, on a rather large scale, -there need be no difficulty in so arranging that all -that is necessarily unbeautiful should be kept in one -department, so hedged or walled around as to be out -of sight.</p> - -<p>In addition to such a fruit garden for strict utility -I have in mind a walled enclosure of about an acre -and a half, longer than wide, laid out as shown in the -plan. I have seen in large places just such spaces, -actually walled but put to no use.</p> - -<p>The wall has trained fruit-trees—Peaches spreading -their goodly fans, Pears showing long, level lines, and, -including hardy Grape Vines, giving all the best -exposition of the hardy fruit-grower's art. Next to<span class="pagenum" id="Page_128">128</span> -the wall is a space six feet wide for ample access -to the fruit-trees, their pruning, training and root-management; -then a fourteen-foot plant border, wholly -for beauty, and a path eight feet wide. At a middle -point on all four sides the high wall has an arched -doorway corresponding to the grassy way between the -fruit-trees in the middle space. If the wall has some -symmetrical building on the outside of each angle -so much the better; the garden can make use of all. -One may be a bothy, with lower extension out of sight; -one a half-underground fruit-store, with bulb-store -above; a third a paint-shop, and a fourth a tea-house.</p> - -<p>The middle space is all turf; in the centre a Mulberry, -and, both ways across, double lines of fruit-trees, -ending with Bays; the Bays are at the ends on -the plan. In almost any part of the sea-warmed -south of England, below the fifty-first parallel of -latitude which passes through the upper part of Sussex, -the rows of fruit-trees on the green might be standard -Figs; elsewhere they would be bush Pears and Apples. -If the soil is calcareous, so much the better for the -Figs and Mulberry, the Vines and indeed nearly all -the fruits. The angle-clumps in the grass are planted -with Magnolias, Yuccas and Hydrangeas.</p> - -<p>The border all round is for small shrubs and plants -of some solidity or importance; the spaces are too -long for an ordinary flower border. It would have a -good bush of <i>Magnolia stellata</i> at each angle, Yuccas, -Tritomas, hardy Fuchsias, Peonies, <i>Euphorbia Wulfenii</i>, -Hollyhocks, Dahlias, Hydrangeas, Michaelmas -Daisies, Flag Iris, the beautiful <i>Olearia Gunni</i> and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[Pg 129]</a><br /><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[Pg 130]</a></span> -<i>O. Haastii</i>, Tree Lupines, Forsythia, Weigela, the -smaller Bush Spiræas, Veronicas, Tamarisk, the large-bloomed -Clematises, bush kinds of garden Roses, -Funkias, and so on.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="THEBEAUTIFULFRUITGARDEN"> -<a href="images/i_265.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_265thumb.jpg" alt="" /></a> -<div class="caption"><i>THE BEAUTIFUL FRUIT GARDEN.</i></div> -</div> - -<p>Surely my fruit garden would be not only a place -of beauty, of pleasant sight and pleasant thought, -but of leisurely repose, a repose broken only faintly -and in welcome fashion by its own interests—in July, -August and September a goodly place in which to -wander and find luscious fruits in quantity that can -be gathered and eaten straight from the tree. There -is a pleasure in searching for and eating fruit in this -way that is far better than having it picked by the -gardener and brought in and set before one on a dish -in a tame room. Is this feeling an echo of faraway -days of savagery when men hunted for their food and -rejoiced to find it, or is it rather the poet's delight -of having direct intercourse with the good gift of the -growing thing and seeing and feeling through all the -senses how good and gracious the thing is? To pass -the hand among the leaves of the Fig-tree, noting that -they are a little harsh upon the upper surface and yet -soft beneath; to be aware of their faint, dusky scent; -to see the cracking of the coat of the fruit and the -yellowing of the neck where it joins the branch—the -two indications of ripeness—sometimes made clearer -by the drop of honeyed moisture at the eye; then the -handling of the fruit itself, which must needs be gentle -because the tender coat is so readily bruised and torn; -at the same time observing the slight greyish bloom -and the colouring—low-toned transitions of purple<span class="pagenum" id="Page_131">131</span> -and green; and finally to have the enjoyment of the -luscious pulp, with the knowledge that it is one of the -most wholesome and sustaining of fruit foods—surely -all this is worthy garden service! Then how delicious -are the sun-warmed Apricots and Peaches, and, later -in the year, the Jargonelle Pears, always best eaten -straight from the tree; and the ripe Mulberries of -September. And how pleasant to stroll about the -wide grassy ways, turning from the fruits to the -flowers in the clumps and borders, to the splendid -Yuccas and the masses of Hydrangea bloom, and then -to the gorgeous Tritomas and other delights; and -to see the dignity of the stately Bay-trees and the -incomparable beauty of their every twig and leaf.</p> - -<p>The beautiful fruit garden would naturally lead to -the orchard, a place that is not so often included in -the pleasure-ground as it deserves. For what is more -lovely than the bloom of orchard-trees in April and -May, with the grass below in its strong, young growth; -in itself a garden of Cowslips and Daffodils. In an -old orchard how pictorial are the lines of the low-leaning -old Apple-trunks and the swing and poise of -their upper branches, best seen in winter when their -graceful movement of line and wonderful sense of -balance can be fully appreciated. But the younger -orchard has its beauty too, of fresh, young life and -wealth of bloom and bounteous bearing.</p> - -<p>Then if the place of the orchard suggests a return -to nearer pleasure-ground with yet some space between, -how good to make this into a free garden orchard for -the fruits of wilder character; for wide-spreading<span class="pagenum" id="Page_132">132</span> -Medlars, for Quinces, again some of the most graceful -of small British trees; for Service, Damson, Bullace, -Crabs and their many allies, not fruit-bearing trees -except from the birds' and botanists' points of view, -but beautiful both in bloom and berry, such as the -Mountain Ash, Wild Cherry, Blackthorn, and the -large-berried White-thorns, Bird-cherry, White Beam, -Holly and Amelanchier. Then all these might be intergrouped -with great brakes of the free-growing Roses -and the wilder kinds of Clematis and Honeysuckle. -And right through it should be a shady path of Filberts -or Cobnuts arching overhead and yielding a bountiful -autumn harvest.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_133">133</span></p> - - -</div><div class="chapter"> - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XVI" id="CHAPTER_XVI"></a>CHAPTER XVI<br /> - -<small>PLANTING FOR WINTER COLOUR</small></h2> - - -<p>Much cheerful positive colour, other than that given -by flowers or leaves, may be obtained in winter by -using a good selection of small trees with coloured -bark. Of these the most useful are the Red Dogwood -and some of the willows. This planting for colour of -bright-barked trees is no new thing, for something -like half a century ago the late Lord Somers, at Eastnor -Castle near Malvern, used to "paint his woods," as he -described it, in this way.</p> - -<p>The Cardinal Willow has bright red bark, <i>Salix -britzensis</i> orange, and the Golden Osier bright yellow. -The yearly growth has the best-coloured bark, so that -when they are employed for giving colour it is usual -to cut them every winter; moreover, the large quantity -of young shoots that the cutting induces naturally -increases the density of the colour-effect. But if they -are planted in a rather large way it is better that the -regular winter cutting should be restricted to those -near the outer edge, and to let a good proportion of -those within stand for two or more years, and to -have some in the background that are never cut at -all, but that are allowed to grow to their full size and -to show their natural habit.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_134">134</span></p> - -<p>It will also be well to avoid planting them exclusively -sort by sort, but to group and intergroup carefully -assorted colours, such as the scarlet Willow with -the purple-barked kind, and to let this pass into the -American Willow with the black stem. Such a group -should not be too large, and it should be near the -pathway, for it will show best near at hand. For the -sake of the bark-colouring, it would be best to cut it -all every year, although in the larger plantings it is -desirable to have the trees of different ages, or the -effect may be too much that of a mere crop instead -of a well-arranged garden grouping.</p> - -<p>Some of the garden Roses, both of the free-growing -and bush kinds, have finely coloured bark that can -be used in much the same way. They are specially -good in broken ground, such as the banks of an old -hollow cart-way converted to garden use, or the sloping -<i>débris</i> of a quarry. Of the free kinds, the best coloured -are <i>Rosa ferruginea</i>, whose leaves are red as well as the -stem—it is the <i>Rosa rubrifolia</i> of nurseries;—and the -varieties of Boursault Roses, derived from <i>Rosa alpina</i>. -As bushes for giving reddish colouring, <i>Rosa lucida</i> -would be among the best.</p> - -<p>By waterside the Great Reedmace—commonly but -wrongly called Bulrush—holds its handsome seed-heads -nearly through the winter, and beds of the -Common Reed (<i>Arundo Phragmites</i>) stand up winter -through in masses of light, warm colouring that are -grateful to the eye and suggest comfortable harbourage -for wildfowl.</p> - -<p>Some shrubs have conspicuously green bark, such<span class="pagenum" id="Page_135">135</span> -as the Spindletree; but the habit of growth is rather -too diffuse to let it make a distinct show of colour. -<i>Leycesteria formosa</i> is being tried in mass for winter -colour in some gardens, but I venture to feel a little -doubtful of its success; for though the skin of the half-woody -stem is bright green, the plant has the habit -of retaining some of its leaves and the remains of its -flowering tips till January, or even later. After frost -these have the appearance of untidy grey rags, and -are distinctly unsightly. The brightest effect of all -green-barked plants is that given by Whortleberry, -a plant that on peaty or sandy soils is one of the most -enjoyable of winter undershrubs.</p> - -<p>It would add greatly to the enjoyment of many -country places if some portions were planted with -evergreens expressly for winter effect. Some region -on the outskirts of the garden, and between it and -woodland, would be the most desirable. If well done -the sense of wintry discomfort would disappear, for -nearly all the growing things would be at their best, -and even in summer, shrubs and plants can do no -more than this. In summer, too, it would be good -to see, for the green things would have such an interplanting -of free Roses, Jasmines, Clematis, Honeysuckles, -Forsythia, and so on, as would make charming -incidents of flower-beauty.</p> - -<p>The place for this winter walk should be sheltered -from the north and east. I have such a place in my -mind's eye, where, beyond the home garden and partly -wooded old shrubbery, there is a valley running up -into a fir-wooded hill. The path goes up the hillside<span class="pagenum" id="Page_136">136</span> -diagonally, with a very gentle gradient. In the cooler, -lower portion there would be Rhododendrons and -Kalmias, with lower growths of Skimmia and Gaultheria. -Close to the path, on the less sunny side, -would be Lent Hellebores and the delightful winter -greenery of Epimedium. Then in full sun <i>Andromeda -japonica</i>, and on the shadier side <i>Andromeda floribunda</i>. -Both of these hard and rather brittle-wooded shrubs -belong to the group properly named <i>Pieris</i>, and form -dense bushes four or more feet high. At their foot -would be the lower-growing Andromedas of the <i>Leucothoē</i> -section, with lissome branches of a more willow-like -character. These make a handsome ground-carpeting -from one to two feet high, beautiful at all -seasons—the leaves in winter tinted or marbled with -red. Portions of the cooler side would also have -fringes of Hartstongue and Polypody, both winter -ferns. Then, as the path rose into more direct sunlight, -there would be Cistuses—in all mild winter -days giving off their strong, cordial scent—and the -dwarf Rhododendrons. Behind the Cistuses would -be White Broom, finely green-stemmed in winter. -There would even be shrubs in flower; the thick-set -yellowish bloom of Witch Hazel (<i>Hamamelis</i>) and the -bright yellow of <i>Jasminum nudiflorum</i>. Then groups -of Junipers, and all the ground carpeted with Heath, -and so to the upper Fir-wood. Then, after the comforting -greenery of the lower region, the lovely colour -of distant winter landscape would be intensely enjoyable; -for the greys and purples of the leafless woodland -of middle distance have a beauty that no summer<span class="pagenum" id="Page_137">137</span> -landscape can show. In clear weather the further -distances have tints of an extraordinary purity, while -the more frequent days of slightly distant haze have -another kind of beautiful mystery.</p> - -<p>The common Laurel is generally seen as a long-suffering -garden hack, put to all sorts of rather ignoble -uses. It is so cheap to buy, so quick of growth, and -so useful as an easily made screen that its better use -is, except in rare instances, lost sight of. Planted in -thin woodland and never pruned, it grows into a small -tree that takes curious ways and shapes of trunk and -branch of a character that is remarkably pictorial.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_138">138</span></p> - - -</div><div class="chapter"> - -<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XVII" id="CHAPTER_XVII"></a>CHAPTER XVII<br /> - -<small>FORM IN PLANTING</small></h2> - - -<p>If in the foregoing chapters I have dwelt rather insistently -on matters of colour, it is not that I under-rate -the equal importance of form and proportion, but -that I think that the question of colour, as regards its -more careful use, is either more commonly neglected -or has had fewer exponents. As in all matters relating -to design in gardening, the good placing of plants in -detail is a matter of knowledge of an artistic character. -The shaping of every group of plants, to have the best -effect, should not only be definitely intended but -should be done with an absolute conviction by the -hand that feels the <i>drawing</i> that the group must have -in relation to what is near, or to the whole form of -the clump or border or whatever the nature of the -place may be. I am only too well aware that to many -this statement may convey no idea whatever, nevertheless -I venture to insist upon its truth. Moreover, -I am addressing this book to the consideration of -those who are in sympathy with my views of gardening, -among whom I know there are many who, even if they -have not made themselves able, by study and long -practice, to show in groundwork and garden design -the quality known to artists as <i>drawing</i>—by which is<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[Pg 139]</a><br /><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[Pg 140]</a></span> -meant a right movement of line and form and group—can -at least recognise its value—indeed its supreme -importance—when it is present, and do not, in its -absence, fail to feel that the thing shown is without -life, spirit, or reasonable justification.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="AWILDHEATHGARDEN"> -<a href="images/i_275.jpg"> -<img src="images/i_275thumb.jpg" alt="" /></a> -<div class="caption"><i>A WILD HEATH GARDEN.</i><br /> - -<i>Upper Figure: As First Planted.</i><br /> - -<i>Lower Figure: After Alteration.</i></div> -</div> - -<p>Even a proficiency in some branch of fine art does -not necessarily imply ability to lay out ground. I have -known, in the intimate association of half a lifetime, -a landscape painter, whose interpretation of natural -beauty was of the most refined and poetical quality, -and who truly loved flowers and beautiful vegetation, -but who was quite incapable of personally arranging -a garden; although it is more usual that an artist -should almost unconsciously place plants well.</p> - -<p>It is therefore not to be expected that it is enough -to buy good plants and merely to tell the gardener -of average ability to plant them in groups, as is now -often done with the very best intention. It is impossible -for the gardener to know what is meant. In all -the cases that have come under my notice, where -such indefinite instruction has been given, the things -have been planted in stiff blocks. Quite lately I came -upon such an example in the garden of a friend who -is by no means without a sense of beauty. There was -a bank-like space on the outskirts of the pleasure-ground -where it was wished to have a wild Heath -garden. A better place could hardly be, for the soil -is light and sandy and the space lies out in full sunlight. -The ground had been thrown about into ridges and -valleys, but without any reference to its natural form, -whereas with half the labour it might have been guided -into slight hollows, ridges, and promontories of good<span class="pagenum" id="Page_141">141</span> -line and proportion. I found it planted as in the -upper plan; the path stiffly edged with one kind of -Heath on one side and another kind on the other; -the back planting in rectangular blocks; near the -front bushes of Veronica at exactly even distances, -and between them the same number of Heaths in -each interval quite stiffly planted. Some of the blocks -at the back were of Violets—plants quite unsuited -to the place. Yet, only leaving out the Violets, all -the same plants might have been disposed so as to -come quite easily and naturally as shown on the -lower plan. Then a thin sowing of the finer Heath -grasses, to include the pathway, where alone they -would be mown, and a clever interplanting of wild -Thyme and the native Wood Sage (<i>Teucrium Scorodonia</i>), -common on the neighbouring heaths, would -have put the whole thing together and would have -given the impression, so desirable in wild planting, -of the thing having so happened, rather than of its -having been artificially made.</p> - -<p>In planting or thinning trees also, the whole ultimate -good of the effect will depend on this sense of form -and good grouping. If these qualities are secured, -the result in after years will be a poem; if they are -neglected it will be nothing but a crop.</p> - -<p>I can imagine nothing more interesting than the -guiding and part-planting of large stretches of natural -young woodland with some hilly ground above and -water at the foot. As it is, I have to be content with -my little wood of ten acres; yet I am truly glad to -have even that small space to treat with reverent -thankfulness and watchful care.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[Pg 142]</a><br /><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[Pg 143]</a></span></p> - -</div><div class="chapter"> - - -<h2><a name="INDEX" id="INDEX"></a>INDEX</h2> - - -<div class="index"> -<ul class="index"> -<li class="ifrst">A</li> - -<li class="indx">Abutilon vitifolium, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a>, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Acanthus, <a href='#Page_25'>25</a>, <a href='#Page_88'>88</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">as tub plant, <a href='#Page_118'>118</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Achillea, The Pearl, <a href='#Page_72'>72</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Adonis, <a href='#Page_25'>25</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Æsculus, <a href='#Page_73'>73</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Agapanthus, <a href='#Page_117'>117</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Agathea cœlestis, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_63'>63</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Ageratum, <a href='#Page_81'>81</a>, <a href='#Page_102'>102</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Alexandrian Laurel, <a href='#Page_104'>104</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Alpenrose, <a href='#Page_19'>19</a>, <a href='#Page_33'>33</a>, <a href='#Page_85'>85</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Alyssum, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Amelanchier, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Anchusa, <a href='#Page_43'>43</a>, <a href='#Page_46'>46</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Andromeda, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a>, <a href='#Page_19'>19</a>, <a href='#Page_33'>33</a>, <a href='#Page_85'>85</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Anemone sylvestris, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">japonica, <a href='#Page_81'>81</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Annuals, half hardy, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>, <a href='#Page_57'>57</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">hardy, <a href='#Page_57'>57</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Apples, <a href='#Page_131'>131</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Arbutus, <a href='#Page_85'>85</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Arenaria balearica, <a href='#Page_33'>33</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">montana, <a href='#Page_34'>34</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Artemisia stelleriana, <a href='#Page_63'>63</a>, <a href='#Page_72'>72</a>, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Asarum, <a href='#Page_16'>16</a>, <a href='#Page_34'>34</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Asters, China, <a href='#Page_74'>74</a>, <a href='#Page_81'>81</a>, <a href='#Page_117'>117</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">perennial, <a href='#Page_72'>72</a>, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a>, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a></li> - -<li class="indx">August, Flower-border in, <a href='#Page_65'>65</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Aubrietia, <a href='#Page_27'>27</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Aucuba, <a href='#Page_104'>104</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Azalea, <a href='#Page_84'>84</a></li> - - -<li class="ifrst">B</li> - -<li class="indx">Bambusa tessellata, <a href='#Page_88'>88</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">as tub plant, <a href='#Page_118'>118</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Bay, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Bedding plants, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Begonias, <a href='#Page_81'>81</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">with Megasea, <a href='#Page_82'>82</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Blue flowers, <a href='#Page_63'>63</a>, <a href='#Page_68'>68</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Blue garden, <a href='#Page_90'>90</a>, <a href='#Page_103'>103</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Briars, Scotch, <a href='#Page_46'>46</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Broom, white, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Bulb-border, <a href='#Page_5'>5</a></li> - - -<li class="ifrst">C</li> - -<li class="indx">Camassia, <a href='#Page_34'>34</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Campanula pyramidalis in steps, <a href='#Page_126'>126</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">persicifolia, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_105'>105</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">lactiflora, <a href='#Page_58'>58</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Campanulas in pots, <a href='#Page_113'>113</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Canna, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>, <a href='#Page_78'>78</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">in pots, <a href='#Page_113'>113</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Canterbury Bells, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">in pots, <a href='#Page_113'>113</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Caryopteris, <a href='#Page_73'>73</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Catmint, <a href='#Page_46'>46</a>, <a href='#Page_72'>72</a>, <a href='#Page_102'>102</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Chalky banks, plants for, <a href='#Page_111'>111</a><span class="pagenum" id="Page_144">144</span></li> - -<li class="indx">China Rose, <a href='#Page_107'>107</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Choisya ternata, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Cineraria maritima, <a href='#Page_63'>63</a>, <a href='#Page_65'>65</a>, <a href='#Page_72'>72</a>, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Cistus, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a>, <a href='#Page_19'>19</a>, <a href='#Page_61'>61</a>, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a>, <a href='#Page_85'>85</a>, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Clematis montana, <a href='#Page_29'>29</a>, <a href='#Page_34'>34</a>, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>, <a href='#Page_107'>107</a></li> - -<li class="indx">C. davidiana, <a href='#Page_68'>68</a>, <a href='#Page_79'>79</a></li> - -<li class="indx">C. Flammula, <a href='#Page_54'>54</a>, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a></li> - -<li class="indx">C. recta, <a href='#Page_62'>62</a>, <a href='#Page_103'>103</a></li> - -<li class="indx">C. Vitalba, <a href='#Page_85'>85</a>, <a href='#Page_111'>111</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Climbing plants, <a href='#Page_106'>106</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Colour, in woodland, <a href='#Page_1'>1</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">scheme of Rhododendrons, <a href='#Page_15'>15</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">of old Scotch Fir, <a href='#Page_17'>17</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">tender in spring garden, <a href='#Page_24'>24</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">strong in spring garden, <a href='#Page_25'>25</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Colour-combinations, <a href='#Page_47'>47</a>, <a href='#Page_51'>51</a>, <a href='#Page_60'>60</a>, <a href='#Page_72'>72</a>, <a href='#Page_73'>73</a>, <a href='#Page_122'>122</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Colour, optical effect of, <a href='#Page_52'>52</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">gardens of special, <a href='#Page_89'>89</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">of paint for garden accessories, <a href='#Page_119'>119</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Colour-planting for winter, <a href='#Page_133'>133</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Coltsfoot, variegated, <a href='#Page_81'>81</a>, <a href='#Page_104'>104</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Columbines, <a href='#Page_35'>35</a>, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_85'>85</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Coreopsis, <a href='#Page_59'>59</a>, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Corydalis ochroleuca, <a href='#Page_27'>27</a>, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Cottage gardens, <a href='#Page_106'>106</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Cranesbill, <a href='#Page_42'>42</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Crown Imperial, <a href='#Page_25'>25</a></li> - - -<li class="ifrst">D</li> - -<li class="indx">Daffodils, <a href='#Page_7'>7</a>, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Dahlias, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a>, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>, <a href='#Page_78'>78</a>, <a href='#Page_81'>81</a>, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">best kinds for border use, <a href='#Page_82'>82</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Daphne Mezereon, <a href='#Page_2'>2</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Delphinium Belladonna, <a href='#Page_63'>63</a>, <a href='#Page_103'>103</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">grandiflorum, <a href='#Page_63'>63</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Dentaria, <a href='#Page_28'>28</a>, <a href='#Page_85'>85</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Desmodium penduliflorum, <a href='#Page_111'>111</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Dictamnus, <a href='#Page_24'>24</a>, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Dielytra spectabilis, <a href='#Page_27'>27</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Dog-tooth Violet, <a href='#Page_2'>2</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Drifts in planting, <a href='#Page_2'>2</a>, <a href='#Page_11'>11</a>, <a href='#Page_15'>15</a>, <a href='#Page_24'>24</a></li> - - -<li class="ifrst">E</li> - -<li class="indx">Elymus, <a href='#Page_65'>65</a>, <a href='#Page_67'>67</a>, <a href='#Page_102'>102</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">in the grey garden, <a href='#Page_102'>102</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Empty spaces in borders, filling up, <a href='#Page_55'>55</a>, <a href='#Page_67'>67</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Epilobium, <a href='#Page_85'>85</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Epimedium, <a href='#Page_34'>34</a>, <a href='#Page_38'>38</a>, <a href='#Page_85'>85</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Eryngium, <a href='#Page_59'>59</a>, <a href='#Page_72'>72</a>, <a href='#Page_104'>104</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Eulalia, <a href='#Page_65'>65</a>, <a href='#Page_104'>104</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Euphorbia Wulfenii, <a href='#Page_22'>22</a>, <a href='#Page_38'>38</a>, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Evergreens for winter effect, <a href='#Page_135'>135</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Exochorda, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a></li> - - -<li class="ifrst">F</li> - -<li class="indx">Fern, Lady, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a>, <a href='#Page_34'>34</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Osmunda, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Fern, Male, <a href='#Page_6'>6</a>, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a>, <a href='#Page_35'>35</a>, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">dilated shield, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a>, <a href='#Page_22'>22</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Polypody, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">hardy Ferns, <a href='#Page_85'>85</a>, <a href='#Page_88'>88</a>, <a href='#Page_104'>104</a>, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Ferns in pots, <a href='#Page_113'>113</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Fern walk, <a href='#Page_15'>15</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Feverfew, Golden Feather, <a href='#Page_81'>81</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Fig, <a href='#Page_107'>107</a>, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Flower-border, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Form in planting, <a href='#Page_138'>138</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Forsythia suspensa, <a href='#Page_4'>4</a>, <a href='#Page_111'>111</a>, <a href='#Page_130'>130</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Foxgloves, <a href='#Page_16'>16</a>, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_44'>44</a>, <a href='#Page_85'>85</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Francoa, <a href='#Page_113'>113</a>, <a href='#Page_116'>116</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Fruit garden, beautiful, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Fuchsia, <a href='#Page_117'>117</a>, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a><span class="pagenum" id="Page_145">145</span></li> - -<li class="indx">Fumaria bulbosa, <a href='#Page_6'>6</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Funkia, <a href='#Page_86'>86</a>, <a href='#Page_104'>104</a>, <a href='#Page_112'>112</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">F. Sieboldi as tub plant, <a href='#Page_118'>118</a></li> - - -<li class="ifrst">G</li> - -<li class="indx">Galvanised iron roof, treatment of, <a href='#Page_56'>56</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Gaultheria, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a>, <a href='#Page_84'>84</a>, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Gentiana asclepiadea, <a href='#Page_85'>85</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Geranium ibericum, <a href='#Page_42'>42</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Geraniums (Pelargonium), <a href='#Page_113'>113</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Gladiolus, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>, <a href='#Page_79'>79</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">in pots, <a href='#Page_113'>113</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Godetia, <a href='#Page_72'>72</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Gold garden, <a href='#Page_90'>90</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">plants for, <a href='#Page_92'>92</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Golden Elder, <a href='#Page_100'>100</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Golden Plane, <a href='#Page_91'>91</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Goodyera, <a href='#Page_16'>16</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Gourds, <a href='#Page_111'>111</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Green-barked shrubs, <a href='#Page_135'>135</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Green garden, <a href='#Page_104'>104</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Grey garden, <a href='#Page_90'>90</a>, <a href='#Page_101'>101</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">plants for, <a href='#Page_101'>101</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Grey plants, <a href='#Page_4'>4</a>, <a href='#Page_51'>51</a>, <a href='#Page_60'>60</a>, <a href='#Page_65'>65</a>, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a>, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a>, <a href='#Page_101'>101</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Grouping of plants, <a href='#Page_140'>140</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Guelder Rose, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_108'>108</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Gypsophila, <a href='#Page_53'>53</a>, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>, <a href='#Page_72'>72</a>, <a href='#Page_87'>87</a>, <a href='#Page_102'>102</a></li> - - -<li class="ifrst">H</li> - -<li class="indx">Heath, <a href='#Page_19'>19</a>, <a href='#Page_20'>20</a>, <a href='#Page_85'>85</a>, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">path, <a href='#Page_19'>19</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Helenium pumilum, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Helianthus, <a href='#Page_69'>69</a>, <a href='#Page_79'>79</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">in the Gold garden, <a href='#Page_100'>100</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Hellebores, Lent, <a href='#Page_2'>2</a>, <a href='#Page_6'>6</a>, <a href='#Page_34'>34</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Heracleum, <a href='#Page_44'>44</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Heuchera Richardsoni, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>, <a href='#Page_29'>29</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Hidden Garden, <a href='#Page_32'>32</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Hill-side for planting, <a href='#Page_38'>38</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Hollyhock, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Hydrangea, <a href='#Page_67'>67</a>, <a href='#Page_113'>113</a>, <a href='#Page_116'>116</a>, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">as tub plants, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">H. paniculata, <a href='#Page_87'>87</a></li> - - -<li class="ifrst">I</li> - -<li class="indx">Iberis, see Spring-garden, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Ipomæa Heavenly Blue, <a href='#Page_110'>110</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Iris, dwarf, <a href='#Page_29'>29</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Cengialti, <a href='#Page_34'>34</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">flag-leaved, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>, <a href='#Page_32'>32</a>, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>, <a href='#Page_42'>42</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">special borders of, <a href='#Page_44'>44</a></li> - - -<li class="ifrst">J</li> - -<li class="indx">Jasminum nudiflorum, <a href='#Page_111'>111</a>, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a></li> - -<li class="indx">July, flower-border, <a href='#Page_58'>58</a></li> - -<li class="indx">June garden, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">climbers in June, <a href='#Page_47'>47</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Juniper, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a></li> - - -<li class="ifrst">K</li> - -<li class="indx">Kalmia, <a href='#Page_84'>84</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Kerria, <a href='#Page_107'>107</a></li> - - -<li class="ifrst">L</li> - -<li class="indx">Laburnum, arch of, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Lavender, <a href='#Page_72'>72</a>, <a href='#Page_73'>73</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">dwarf, <a href='#Page_63'>63</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Laurel, <a href='#Page_137'>137</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Ledum palustre, <a href='#Page_85'>85</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Lent Hellebores, <a href='#Page_2'>2</a>, <a href='#Page_6'>6</a>, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Leycesteria formosa, <a href='#Page_28'>28</a>, <a href='#Page_135'>135</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Lilies, <a href='#Page_35'>35</a>, <a href='#Page_85'>85</a>, <a href='#Page_103'>103</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">in the grey garden, <a href='#Page_101'>101</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">in pots, <a href='#Page_113'>113</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Lilium auratum, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">longiflorum, <a href='#Page_68'>68</a>, <a href='#Page_72'>72</a>, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">giganteum, <a href='#Page_29'>29</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">candidum, <a href='#Page_103'>103</a>, <a href='#Page_104'>104</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a><span class="pagenum" id="Page_146">146</span></li> - -<li class="indx">Lily of the Valley, <a href='#Page_86'>86</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Lithospermum, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Lobelias, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Lupines, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">tree lupines, <a href='#Page_45'>45</a>, <a href='#Page_88'>88</a>, <a href='#Page_103'>103</a>, <a href='#Page_130'>130</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">as tub plants, <a href='#Page_118'>118</a></li> - - -<li class="ifrst">M</li> - -<li class="indx">Magnolia, <a href='#Page_107'>107</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">conspicua, <a href='#Page_4'>4</a>, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">stellata, <a href='#Page_5'>5</a>, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Maiden's Wreath, <a href='#Page_113'>113</a>, <a href='#Page_116'>116</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Maize, <a href='#Page_103'>103</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Marigold, African, <a href='#Page_68'>68</a>, <a href='#Page_79'>79</a>, <a href='#Page_81'>81</a></li> - -<li class="indx">May-blooming shrubs, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Megasea, <a href='#Page_86'>86</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">in bulb-border, <a href='#Page_6'>6</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">in spring garden, <a href='#Page_22'>22</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">in pots, <a href='#Page_113'>113</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Mertensia, <a href='#Page_25'>25</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Mowing-machine, track of, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Mulberry, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Mulching the flower-border, <a href='#Page_51'>51</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Mullein, <a href='#Page_44'>44</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Myosotis, <a href='#Page_25'>25</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Myrrhis, <a href='#Page_22'>22</a>, <a href='#Page_104'>104</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Myrtle, <a href='#Page_107'>107</a></li> - - -<li class="ifrst">N</li> - -<li class="indx">Narcissus, in bulb-border, <a href='#Page_7'>7</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Nepeta Mussini, with grey plants, <a href='#Page_46'>46</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Nut-walk, <a href='#Page_132'>132</a></li> - - -<li class="ifrst">O</li> - -<li class="indx">Olearia Haastii, <a href='#Page_73'>73</a>, <a href='#Page_130'>130</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">O. Gunni, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Orchard, <a href='#Page_131'>131</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">wild orchard, <a href='#Page_132'>132</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Orobus vernus, <a href='#Page_27'>27</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Othonna, <a href='#Page_38'>38</a></li> - - -<li class="ifrst">P</li> - -<li class="indx">Paint for tubs, &c., <a href='#Page_118'>118</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Paths, wood, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Papaver rupifragum, <a href='#Page_43'>43</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">P. pilosum, <a href='#Page_43'>43</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">P. orientale, <a href='#Page_43'>43</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Pea, White Everlasting, <a href='#Page_53'>53</a>, <a href='#Page_65'>65</a>, <a href='#Page_72'>72</a>, <a href='#Page_103'>103</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Pentstemons, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_63'>63</a>, <a href='#Page_79'>79</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Peonies, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>, <a href='#Page_41'>41</a>, <a href='#Page_88'>88</a>, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Peony albiflora, <a href='#Page_42'>42</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Peony, tree, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>, <a href='#Page_33'>33</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">as tub plants, <a href='#Page_117'>117</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Perowskya, <a href='#Page_73'>73</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Phlomis, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Phlox divaricata, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>, <a href='#Page_33'>33</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">amœna, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">stellaria, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Pictures, living, <a href='#Page_5'>5</a>, <a href='#Page_9'>9</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">some garden, <a href='#Page_121'>121</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Planting in drifts, <a href='#Page_15'>15</a>, <a href='#Page_24'>24</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Plumbago capense, <a href='#Page_79'>79</a>, <a href='#Page_103'>103</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Polygonum, <a href='#Page_86'>86</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Pots, plants in, <a href='#Page_112'>112</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Primrose Garden, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Privet, golden, <a href='#Page_65'>65</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Pyrus japonica, <a href='#Page_4'>4</a>, <a href='#Page_106'>106</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Pyrus malus floribunda, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a></li> - - -<li class="ifrst">Q</li> - -<li class="indx">Quarries, desirable for planting, <a href='#Page_111'>111</a></li> - - -<li class="ifrst">R</li> - -<li class="indx">Reed, <a href='#Page_134'>134</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Reedmace, <a href='#Page_134'>134</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Rhododendron, <a href='#Page_3'>3</a>, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>, <a href='#Page_84'>84</a>, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a><span class="pagenum" id="Page_147">147</span></li> - -<li class="indx">Ribbon Grass, <a href='#Page_104'>104</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Robinia, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Rocky hillside, planting for, <a href='#Page_111'>111</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Rosa altaica, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Burnet Rose, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Fairy Rose, <a href='#Page_122'>122</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Rosemary, <a href='#Page_42'>42</a>, <a href='#Page_107'>107</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Roses, garden, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_41'>41</a>, <a href='#Page_130'>130</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">with coloured bark, <a href='#Page_134'>134</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Roses, rambling, <a href='#Page_35'>35</a>, <a href='#Page_43'>43</a>, <a href='#Page_62'>62</a>, <a href='#Page_85'>85</a>, <a href='#Page_111'>111</a>, <a href='#Page_132'>132</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Rubus nutkanus, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>, <a href='#Page_88'>88</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">odoratus, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">deliciosus, <a href='#Page_29'>29</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Rudbeckia Golden Glow, <a href='#Page_69'>69</a>, <a href='#Page_79'>79</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Rue, <a href='#Page_65'>65</a>, <a href='#Page_79'>79</a>, <a href='#Page_103'>103</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Ruscus, <a href='#Page_104'>104</a></li> - - -<li class="ifrst">S</li> - -<li class="indx">Salvia splendens, <a href='#Page_79'>79</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Santolina, <a href='#Page_65'>65</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Scillas, <a href='#Page_6'>6</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Sea Kale, <a href='#Page_51'>51</a>, <a href='#Page_58'>58</a>, <a href='#Page_65'>65</a>, <a href='#Page_67'>67</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Sedum spectabile, <a href='#Page_81'>81</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Senecio artemisiæfolius, <a href='#Page_59'>59</a>, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a></li> - -<li class="indx">September, Flower-border in, <a href='#Page_78'>78</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Skimmia, <a href='#Page_19'>19</a>, <a href='#Page_104'>104</a>, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Smilacina, <a href='#Page_18'>18</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Snapdragons, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_63'>63</a>, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a>, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a>, <a href='#Page_81'>81</a>, <a href='#Page_103'>103</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Solanum crispum, <a href='#Page_110'>110</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">jasminoides, <a href='#Page_110'>110</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Solomon's Seal, <a href='#Page_25'>25</a>, <a href='#Page_33'>33</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Special colouring, gardens of, <a href='#Page_89'>89</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Spiræa Aruncus, <a href='#Page_42'>42</a>, <a href='#Page_88'>88</a>, <a href='#Page_103'>103</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Lindleyana, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Spring garden, <a href='#Page_21'>21</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Stachys, <a href='#Page_72'>72</a>, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">lanata, <a href='#Page_28'>28</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Staking and supporting, <a href='#Page_55'>55</a></li> - -<li class="indx">St. Bruno's Lily, <a href='#Page_34'>34</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Stonecrops on iron roof, <a href='#Page_56'>56</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Sweet Cicely, <a href='#Page_22'>22</a>, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Sweet Verbena, <a href='#Page_110'>110</a></li> - - -<li class="ifrst">T</li> - -<li class="indx">Tamarisk, <a href='#Page_91'>91</a>, <a href='#Page_130'>130</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Thalictrum, <a href='#Page_59'>59</a>, <a href='#Page_103'>103</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Thyme, wild, <a href='#Page_126'>126</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Tiarella, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Training down tall plants, <a href='#Page_54'>54</a>, <a href='#Page_69'>69</a>, <a href='#Page_79'>79</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Training plants one over another, <a href='#Page_53'>53</a>, <a href='#Page_72'>72</a>, <a href='#Page_102'>102</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Trientalis, <a href='#Page_16'>16</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Trillium, <a href='#Page_15'>15</a>, <a href='#Page_85'>85</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Tritoma, <a href='#Page_78'>78</a>, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Tubs, plants for, <a href='#Page_117'>117</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Tulips, <a href='#Page_24'>24</a>, <a href='#Page_25'>25</a></li> - - -<li class="ifrst">U</li> - -<li class="indx">Uvularia, <a href='#Page_28'>28</a>, <a href='#Page_38'>38</a>, <a href='#Page_85'>85</a></li> - - -<li class="ifrst">V</li> - -<li class="indx">Valerian, <a href='#Page_111'>111</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Veratrum, <a href='#Page_22'>22</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Verbascum, <a href='#Page_44'>44</a>, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Veronica Traversi, <a href='#Page_28'>28</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Veronicas as tub plants, <a href='#Page_117'>117</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Vine, Claret, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Vine, <a href='#Page_106'>106</a>, <a href='#Page_107'>107</a>, <a href='#Page_111'>111</a>, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a></li> - - -<li class="ifrst">W</li> - -<li class="indx">Wallflower, <a href='#Page_25'>25</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Wall shrubs, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a><span class="pagenum" id="Page_148">148</span></li> - -<li class="indx">Water Elder, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Whortleberry, <a href='#Page_17'>17</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Wild gardening, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Willows, <a href='#Page_133'>133</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Winter colour, <a href='#Page_133'>133</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Winter walk, <a href='#Page_135'>135</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Witch Hazel, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Woodland, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Wood paths, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">wood and shrubbery edges, <a href='#Page_83'>83</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Woodruff, <a href='#Page_34'>34</a></li> - - -<li class="ifrst">Y</li> - -<li class="indx">Yew hedges, <a href='#Page_91'>91</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Yucca, <a href='#Page_25'>25</a>, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>, <a href='#Page_65'>65</a>, <a href='#Page_101'>101</a>, <a href='#Page_103'>103</a>, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">raised borders for, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a></li></ul> -</div> - 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Limited</span><br /> -Tavistock Street, London</small> -</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[Pg 149]</a><br /><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[Pg 150]</a><br /><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[Pg 151]</a></span></p> - -</div><div class="chapter"> - - -<div class="figcenter" > -<img src="images/i_287.jpg" alt="THE GARDEN" /> -</div> - -<p class="center"><small>The Leading Gardening Newspaper for Amateur and Professional -Gardeners</small>.</p> - -<p class="center"><span class="xxl">PRICE ONE PENNY WEEKLY</span></p> - - - -<div class="center"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> -<tr><td align="left">THE FLOWER GARDEN</td><td align="left">NEW AND RARE PLANTS</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">THE ROSE GARDEN</td><td align="left">THE KITCHEN GARDEN</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">THE WALL AND WATER<br /> GARDEN</td><td align="left">THE FRUIT GARDEN<br />ORCHIDS, &c., &c.</td></tr> -</table></div> - - -<p><small>Since "The Garden" has been reduced from threepence to one penny, -its success has been extraordinary. It meets the requirements of both -PROFESSIONAL and AMATEUR GARDENERS. It is circulating -rapidly amongst BEGINNERS IN GARDENING, and the great feature of -helping readers by greatly extending the ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS -has been much appreciated. All branches of gardening -are fully considered, and descriptions and illustrations in colour and black and -white of new plants, the Flower Garden, Rose Garden, Kitchen Garden, Fruit -Garden, and Wall and Water Garden are given.</small></p> - -<p><small>"The Garden" is THE gardening paper wherein to learn the best ways -of making a success of the smallest and largest gardens. It is a paper for all -to study who wish to thoroughly master the art of gardening.</small></p> -<hr class="small" /> -<p class="center"><small>Gardening for Beginners and Answers to Correspondents a Special Feature</small></p> -<hr class="small" /> -<p class="center"><small>Valuable Prizes Offered for Competition</small><br /> - -A COLOURED PLATE IS GIVEN WITH ALTERNATE ISSUES</p> -<hr class="small" /> -<p class="center">CONSULT THE ADVERTISEMENT PAGES<br /> -FOR EVERY REQUISITE FOR THE GARDEN</p> -<hr class="small" /> -<p class="center"><i>TO BE HAD OF ALL NEWSAGENTS AND BOOKSTALLS</i></p> - -<hr class="small" /> -<p class="center"><small>Specimen Copy post free from the Manager, "The Garden," 20 Tavistock -Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C</small>.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_152">152</span></p> - - -<p> -<i><big>The "Country Life"<br /> -Library</big></i> -</p> - - -<p class="pads3"> -THE CENTURY<br /> -BOOK OF GARDENING -</p> - -<p class="center">(SECOND EDITION)</p> - -<p class="pads1">Edited by E. T. COOK. A comprehensive Work for every Lover of -the Garden. 624 pages, with about 600 Illustrations. 21s. net; by post, -21s. 10d.</p> - - -<p class="pads2">Times.—"No department of gardening is neglected, and the illustrations of famous and -beautiful gardens and of the many winsome achievements of the gardener's art are so numerous -and attractive as to make the veriest cockney yearn to turn gardener."</p> - -<hr class="small" /> -<p> -GARDENING FOR BEGINNERS<br /> -</p> - -<p class="center">(FOURTH EDITION)</p> - -<p class="pads1">A Handbook to the Garden. By E. T. COOK. 12s. 6d. net; by post, -13s.</p> - -<p class="pads2">Spectator.—"Full of information about both the useful and the ornamental, and as far as -we have been able to test it, eminently practical. The beginner, by the way, will have gone a -long way before he has assimilated the contents of this stout volume of nearly five hundred -pages; but then <i>alia aliis curæ</i>, and the wider the choice that is offered by a volume of this -kind the better."</p> - -<hr class="small" /> -<p class="pads3"> -TREES AND SHRUBS<br /> -FOR ENGLISH GARDENS<br /> -</p> - -<p class="pads1">By E. T. COOK, Editor of <span class="smcap">The Garden</span>. 12s. 6d. net; by post, -12s. 11d.</p> - -<p class="pads2">Gardeners' Chronicle.—"A good book on trees and shrubs is a real want. Few books -are more often enquired for, and until now we have had a difficulty in replying to our -correspondents who have asked for information on the point. In these days of trashy gardening -books, it is a pleasure to come across one which bears the stamp of original observation, -judicious inference, and industrious research."</p> - -<hr class="small" /> -<p class="pads3"> -ROSES FOR ENGLISH GARDENS -</p> - -<p class="pads1">By Miss GERTRUDE JEKYLL and Mr. E. MAWLEY. -Illustrated with 190 full-page Plates. 12s. 6d. net; by post, 12s. 11d.</p> - -<p class="pads2">Daily Chronicle.—"All the roses of England, blossoming in a counterfeit summer of black -and white, seem to be gathered together into Miss <span class="smcap">Jekyll's</span> charming book. The pictures are -really pleasant to look at; near or far a rose photographs quite as well as a beautiful face, and -carries with it its own individual look. No one can fail to be captured by Miss <span class="smcap">Jekyll's</span> -enthusiasm and fine discrimination."</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_153">153</span></p> - -<hr class="small" /> -<p class="pads3"> -LILIES FOR ENGLISH GARDENS<br /> -</p> - -<p class="pads1">Written and compiled by Miss GERTRUDE JEKYLL. 8s. 6d. net; -by post, 8s. 10d.</p> - -<p class="pads2">Westminster Gazette.—"'<span class="smcap">Lilies for English Gardens</span>' is a volume in the 'Country -Life' Library, and it is almost sufficiently high commendation to say that the book is worthy of -the journal. Miss <span class="smcap">Jekyll's</span> aim has been to write and compile a book on Lilies which shall tell -amateurs, in the plainest and simplest possible way, how most easily and successfully to grow -the Lily—which, considering its great beauty, is not grown nearly so much as might be expected. -We certainly think that in the future there will be less neglect of this flower, for after looking at -some of the illustrations (all admirable and admirably produced), there will not be many -garden owners who will be content to be Lilyless."</p> - -<hr class="small" /> -<p class="pads3"> -WALL AND WATER GARDENS<br /> -</p> - -<p class="pads1">By Miss GERTRUDE JEKYLL. Containing instructions and hints -on the Cultivation of suitable plants on Dry Walls, Rock Walls, in -Streams, Marshpools, Lakes, Ponds, Tanks and Water Margins. With -133 full-page Illustrations. 186 pp., 12s. 6d. net; by post, 12s. 10d.</p> - -<p class="pads2">Times.—"'<span class="smcap">Wall and Water Gardens.</span>'—He who will consent to follow Miss <span class="smcap">Jekyll</span> -aright will find that under her guidance the old walls, the stone steps, the rockeries, the ponds -or streamlets of his garden will presently blossom with all kinds of flowers undreamed of, and -become marvels of varied foliage. More than a hundred photographs help to enforce Miss -<span class="smcap">Jekyll's</span> admirable lessons."</p> - -<hr class="small" /> -<p class="pads3"> -GARDENING MADE EASY<br /> -</p> - -<p class="pads1">Price 1s. net; by post, 1s. 3d.</p> - -<p class="pads1">By E. T. COOK, Editor of <span class="smcap">The Garden</span>. An instructive and practical -gardening book of 200 pages and 23 Illustrations, all showing the way -certain gardening operations should be performed. Every phase of gardening -is included. The beginner will find this a most helpful guide in the -cultivation of flowers, vegetables and fruits. It is the A B C of gardening.</p> - -<hr class="small" /> -<p class="center">A NEW AND CHEAPER EDITION OF</p> - -<p class="pads3"> -THE FRUIT GARDEN<br /> -</p> - -<p>By GEORGE BUNYARD, V.M.H., and OWEN THOMAS, V.M.H.</p> - -<p class="center">Price 12s. 6d. net; by post, 13s.</p> - -<p class="pads2">Royal Horticultural Society Journal.—"Without any doubt the best book of the sort -yet published. There is a separate chapter for every kind of fruit, and each chapter is a book -in itself—there is, in fact, everything that anyone can need or wish for in order to succeed in -fruit growing. The book simply teems with illustrations, diagrams, and outlines. The diagrams -on pruning are particularly admirable; we cannot speak too highly of them, and from them -anyone should be able to teach himself to be an expert pruner. The book winds up with 100 -pages of outline drawings, which should be a wonderful aid to identification."</p> - -<p class="pads2">Manchester Courier.—"If in England fruit culture ever receives the attention which is -imperatively demanded, the present volume will undoubtedly be looked back upon as a notable -contributory factor to that result. It is not merely that the writers are men of the highest -experience who are also clear and capable wielders of the pen, but they have laid under -contribution the experiments, achievements, and lessons of other nations.... It would be -impossible to find elsewhere, under one cover, such a mass of useful, stimulating, well-arranged -and up-to-date information regarding fruit culture."</p> - -<p class="pads2">Tablet.—"It is a compilation by men who know their work, and deals with the whole -question in the most practical manner. None of the writers waste words in mere description or -exhortation. Plain directions are given for the cultivation of the different sorts of fruits, their -planting, pruning, and cropping, and the best sorts indicated."</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_154">154</span></p> - -<hr class="small" /> -<p class="pads3">SWEET VIOLETS AND PANSIES, -AND VIOLETS FROM MOUNTAIN AND PLAIN</p> - -<p class="pads1">Written by several authorities, and Edited by E. T. COOK, Editor of -<span class="smcap">The Garden</span>, Author of "Trees and Shrubs," &c. Price 3s. 6d. net; -by post, 3s. 10d.</p> - -<p class="pads2">This interesting subject has never been treated in the same way as set forth in this illustrated -book. There are chapters upon the culture of sweet violets in winter and in the open garden, -upon Heartsease and the Tufted Pansies (Violas), and upon the Wild Violets that have been -introduced from America and elsewhere. The information is thoroughly practical. It is a -dainty gift-book to gardening friends.</p> - -<hr class="small" /> -<p class="pads3">THE BOOK OF BRITISH FERNS</p> - -<p class="pads1">By CHAS. T. DRUERY, F.L.S., V.M.H., President of the British -Pteridological Society. Price 3s. 6d. net; by post, 3s. 10d.</p> - -<p class="pads2">St. James's Gazette.—"Has been most carefully done; no fewer than seven hundred -choice varieties are described. The book is well and lucidly written and arranged; it is -altogether beautifully got up. Mr. <span class="smcap">Druery</span> has long been recognised as an authority on the -subject."</p> - -<hr class="small" /> -<p class="pads3">CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, -AND PINKS</p> - -<p class="pads1">Edited by E. T. COOK. Price 3s. 6d. net; by post, 3s. 10d.</p> - -<p class="pads2">The border Carnation, the Picotee, the Malmaison, and the Tree Carnation. Carnations -for Exhibition and for town gardens, diseases of the Carnation, and the garden Pinks and Wild -Pinks are all fully considered, and thoroughly practical information by experts is given on each -subject.</p> - -<p class="pads2">Manchester Courier.—"There is little left unsaid on the subject of Carnations and Pinks -in Mr. <span class="smcap">E. T. Cook's</span> interesting book on the subject.... All lovers of those popular flowers -should purchase Mr. <span class="smcap">Cook's</span> volume, the illustrations to which are not its least admirable -feature."</p> -<hr class="small" /> - -<p class="pads3">MY GARDEN</p> - -<p class="pads1">By EDEN PHILLPOTTS. 12s. 6d. net; by post, 12s. 10d.</p> - -<p class="pads2">The World.—"It is a thoroughly practical book, addressed especially to those who, like -himself, have about an acre of flower garden, and are willing and competent to help a gardener -to make it as rich, as harmonious, and as enduring as possible. His chapters on irises are -particularly good."</p> - -<p class="pads2">Westminster Gazette.—" ... will attract no less for its literary charm than for the -varied and interesting experiences which it details.... Mr. Phillpotts is a gardener every inch -of him, whatever else he may be, and his book is not only a sound contribution to the literature -of gardens, but withal a very captivating one."</p> - -<p class="pads2">Scotsman.—"A charming addition to a beautiful series, the 'Country Life' Library."</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_155">155</span></p> - -<hr class="small" /> -<p class="pads4">IN ENGLISH HOMES</p> - -<p class="center"><small>VOLS. I. AND II</small>.</p> - -<p><small>The internal Character, Furniture, and adornments of some of the most -notable houses of England depicted from photographs specially taken by -CHARLES LATHAM. These large and handsome volumes measure -16 in. by 11¼ in., each contains about 200 full-page plates and 150 smaller -plates, illustrating "Our goodly English Dwelling-places, those houses which -have been sanctified by the passing of centuries." £2 2s. each net; by post, -£2 3s.</small></p> - -<p class="pads2">Scotsman.—"A veritable revelation of the wealth of internal adornments, architectural -and other, contained in the great country mansions of England. To turn over the pages of the -volume is to obtain keen pleasure, as well as enlightenment, concerning a treasury of domestic -art and archæology which to a large extent is kept closed from the common eye."</p> - -<p class="pads2">Morning Post.—"Such a work as <span class="smcap">In English Homes</span> comes as something of a revelation. -One may have a general idea, or even some particular knowledge of the splendours of architecture, -decoration, furniture, and works of art appertaining to our country mansions, and yet be -astonished at all the taste and magnificence represented in the profusion of excellent photographs. -The abundant illustrations are well designed to exemplify the elaborate details of carving and -plaster work, as well as the bold architectural schemes that characterise the interiors and -exteriors of the house."</p> - -<hr class="small" /> -<p class="center"><small>VOLS. I. AND II. NOW READY</small></p> - -<p class="pads4">GARDENS OLD AND NEW</p> - -<p><small>(The Country House and its Garden Environment.) Over 450 Superb -Illustrations in each Volume, printed on treble thick Art Paper, portraying -in a manner never before attempted the greatest and most interesting Gardens -and Homes in England.</small></p> - -<p class="center"><small>2 Vols., £2 2s. net each; by post, £2 3s. each</small>.</p> - -<p class="pads2">Scotsman.—"'<span class="smcap">Gardens Old and New</span>' is a pictorial and descriptive record of some of -the finest gardens in England. Each is illustrated by numerous photographs, which are not -only on a considerable scale, but are reproduced in a most sumptuous fashion. In each case -there is a descriptive article, which tells when the house was built, what have been the fortunes -of its owners, and when and how its gardens have been laid out. It is a book from which those -who are fortunate in the possession of a garden may learn much of garden-craft, while those who -are not thus fortunate can derive much pleasure from the contemplation of the magnificent -views with which the book is adorned."</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_156">156</span></p> -<hr class="small" /> - -<p class="pads4">THE GARDENS OF ITALY</p> - -<p><small>Being a series of illustrations, from photographs specially taken by -CHARLES LATHAM, of the most famous examples of those magnificent -features of garden arrangement and architecture for which Italy, pre-eminently -the earliest home of the garden, is noted. The same care and -fastidious selection which distinguished <span class="smcap">Mr. Latham's</span> previous work, <span class="smcap">In -English Homes</span>, has been exercised in these volumes, and the spirit and -atmosphere of the scenery have been caught with entire success. This most -important work, which forms a handsome companion to <span class="smcap">In English Homes</span>, -contains about 300 plates, and is issued in two volumes, handsomely bound -in cloth. £3 3s. net the Two Volumes; by post, £3 4s.</small></p> - -<p class="pads2">Westminster Gazette.—"The natural and artistic beauties of the famous palace or villa -gardens of Italy are most admirably illustrated, and with such variety and success as must be -reckoned among the triumphs of photographic work."</p> - -<p class="pads2">Globe.—"The illustrations are among the best of their kind that we have seen, especially -in their rendering of distances of contrasted effects of light and shade. The grouping of architectural -subjects—often an insurmountable difficulty—is managed with skill, the artist's feeling -for composition enabling him frequently to make a good picture out of the material which is -hardly within the photographer's customary limits."</p> - -<p class="pads2">Yorkshire Post.—"In the two handsome volumes a clear idea is given by illustrations -and letterpress, of the wonderful beauty of places to which the ordinary tourist seeks admittance -in vain."</p> - -<hr class="small" /> -<p class="pads4">A GARDEN IN VENICE</p> - -<p><small>By F. EDEN. An account of Mr. Eden's beautiful garden on the island -of the Guidecca at Venice. With 21 collotype and 50 other illustrations. -Parchment limp, 10s. 6d. net; by post, 10s. 11d</small>.</p> - -<p class="pads2">Glasgow Herald.—"Written with a brightness and an infectious enthusiasm that impart -interest even to technicalities, it is beautifully and rarely pictured, and its material equipment -is such as to delight the lover of beautiful books."</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_157">157</span></p> -<hr class="small" /> - -<p class="pads4">ECONOMIES IN DAIRY FARMING</p> - -<p class="pads1">A New and Important Work on Dairying, by Mr. ERNEST -MATHEWS (the well-known Judge and Expert). 7s. 6d. net; -by post, 7s. 10d.</p> - -<p class="pads2">The Journal of the Bath and West of England Society.—"The author of this -book is so well known among farmers, especially those interested in the selection and judging of -cows, that his name and experience alone will go far to ensure that his views receive the attention -they deserve. He has for many years past been judge in all the most important butter -tests which have been held at our principal agricultural shows."</p> - -<hr class="small" /> -<p class="pads4">WHERE THE FOREST MURMURS</p> - -<p class="pads1">By FIONA MACLEOD, being a Series of Nature Essays. 6s. net; -by post, 6s. 4d.</p> - -<p class="pads2">Morning Post.—"No other than Fiona Macleod could so have transfigured Nature into -dream, no other writer could have expressed with such unity of spirit the Celtic attitude in terms -of country things. She finds the charm of the mountain in their contemplation from the valley, -the forest most vividly itself when the twigs are bare and the mosses shrouded in snow, the -most luminous moment of the cuckoo's year in its first days of silence, and her love of all -things greatest when they have just been taken away."</p> - -<p class="pads2">Daily Telegraph.—"There is everywhere a sense of the haunting mystery of the -processes of the world viewed through the eyes of a simple unsophisticated nature, which, from -perpetual brooding upon the face of the deep, has caught something of the misty air and -broken music of the waves. Suggestion, rather than doctrine, is the atmosphere of the work; -and in a certain vague, but beautiful suggestiveness, the strange but eager-hearted prose of this -writer abounds to the very brim."</p> - -<hr class="small" /> -<p class="pads4">SEASIDE PLANTING OF TREES -AND SHRUBS</p> - -<p class="pads1">By ALFRED GAUT, F.R.H.S. An interesting and instructive book -dealing with a phase of arboriculture hitherto not touched upon. It is -profusely illustrated, and diagrams are given explaining certain details. -Those who have gardens and estates on exposed coasts will find the book -of immense assistance, and, judging by the remarks of the writer, it is -astonishing what beautiful results may be achieved on such coasts when -sufficient protection is afforded. 5s. net; by post, 5s. 4d.</p> - -<hr class="small" /> -<p class="pads4">THE UNHEATED GREENHOUSE</p> - -<p class="pads1">By Mrs. K. L. DAVIDSON. Containing full and clearly-written instructions -as to the management of a cold greenhouse, together with a -list of plants that may be grown therein. 8s. 6d. net; by post, 8s. 10d.</p> -<hr class="small" /> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_158">158</span></p> - - -<p class="pads4">"COUNTRY LIFE" LIBRARY OF -SPORT</p> - -<p class="center">Edited by HORACE G. HUTCHINSON</p> - -<p><small>A Series devoted to Sport and Pastime, each branch being dealt -with by the most qualified experts on the subjects which they have -made peculiarly their own. A special feature has been made of the -reproduction of old sporting prints.</small></p> - -<p class="center"><small>Illustrated. Demy 8vo, Cloth</small>.</p> - - -<p class="pads3">CRICKET</p> - -<p class="pads1">With over 80 Illustrations taken from the most interesting of the old -Cricketing prints. 12s. 6d. net; by post, 12s. 11d.</p> - - -<p class="pads3">SHOOTING</p> - -<p class="pads1">In Two Volumes, 12s. 6d. each net; by post, 12s. 10d. each.</p> - -<p class="pads2">Pall Mall Gazette.—"Will prove a welcome and valuable addition to Standard Sporting -Literature.... The subject is treated from a thoroughly practical and modern standpoint; in -its views and information it is entirely up-to-date."</p> - - -<p class="pads3">FISHING</p> - -<p class="pads1">With Coloured Plates of Salmon and Trout Flies. Over 250 Full Page -Illustrations with various diagrams. In Two Volumes, 12s. 6d. each net; -by post, 13s.</p> - -<p class="pads2">Morning Post.—"Few books on any sport, and perhaps none on fishing, have ever -deserved better the description 'thorough.' To its title-page might well have been added the -motto of the Royal Agricultural Society, 'Science with Practice,' and to the title itself, 'The -Angler's Encyclopædia.' From Cornwall to John o' Groats, from Wales to Norway, from -Florida to India and Burma—here you may find what there is to be caught and how to catch -it. And no detail seems to have been overlooked. Localities, baits, tackle, choice of rods, -methods of casting, likely times—all are fully covered by experts who write from long experience, -and not because they spend odd days of the week going a-fishing and resolved to write a -book about it.... The book is profusely, delightfully, and usefully illustrated. -The salmon flies are excellent, and so are the prints showing right and wrong methods of -casting, bringing in a fish, and gaffing.... 'Fishing' has fully achieved its stated object of -providing such information as may make a man an intelligent and a successful angler if he has -an average brain and a love for craft."</p> - - -<p class="pads3">BIG GAME SHOOTING</p> - -<p class="pads1">With over 200 Illustrations from Photographs showing Animals in their -actual habitat and natural environment. In Two Volumes, 12s. 6d. -each net; by post, 12s. 11d. each.</p> - -<p class="pads2">Manchester Courier.—"Encyclopædic in its scope, the work becomes by its value and -interest a standard authority on the subjects treated."</p> - - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_159">159</span></p> - - -<p class="pads4">GOLF GREENS and GREEN KEEPING</p> - -<p class="center"><small>10s. 6d. net; by post, 10s. 10d.</small></p> - -<p class="pads2">Yorkshire Daily Post.—"The practical worth of the volume is nearly equal to the -combined worth of all the books that have been written on the theory and practice of golf."</p> - -<p class="pads2">Pall Mall Gazette.—"Each article is written by a man who knows his subject, and the -book is brightened by a number of most admirable and helpful photographs. It will be useful -to secretaries of links already established, and even more so to gentlemen who are thinking of -pegging out a new course; and we have no hesitation in saying that it should be on the library -shelves of every golf club pavilion in the kingdom as a valuable practical treatise."</p> - -<p class="pads2">Irish Times.—"This is the first book on the subject. It is an excellent book, and one -which every member of every green committee should read and re-read."</p> - - -<p class="pads4">HALF A CENTURY OF SPORT IN -HAMPSHIRE</p> - -<p><small>Being Extracts from the shooting journals of JAMES EDWARD, second -Earl of Malmesbury, with a prefatory memoir by his great grandson, the -Fifth Earl. Edited by F. G. AFLALO. 10s. 6d. net; by post, 10s. 11d</small>.</p> - -<p class="pads2">Liverpool Daily Courier.—"The book is of great interest, and an important contribution -to the literature of sport and natural history. It is charmingly illustrated."</p> - - -<p class="pads4">POLO—PAST AND PRESENT</p> - -<p class="center"><small>By T. F. DALE. 12s. 6d. net; by post, 12s. 11d.</small></p> - -<p class="pads2">Scotsman.—"A work than which there could be no better document of a man's claim to -speak with authority. This treatise is learned in the ancient history of the game, well informed -and exact in its directions as to how it is played in the various quarters of the globe, and broad -minded in its suggestions of an international code for the furtherance of its future prosperity. It -has many admirable illustrations, and a delightful chapter of personal reminiscences, discusses all -the practical business of the game with a knowledge which the most expert will be the readiest -to value highly, and brings together into a well-stocked appendix a collection of rules and regulations -and a list of clubs which materially increase the usefulness of the book for purposes of -reference. The volume promises at once to take rank as a book of first importance in the -literature of its subject."</p> - - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_160">160</span></p> - - -<p class="center"><span class="xl">COUNTRY LIFE</span></p> - -<p class="center">THE JOURNAL FOR ALL INTERESTED IN -COUNTRY LIFE AND COUNTRY PURSUITS</p> - -<p>Subscription Prices per annum (Post free): Inland, 29s. 2d.; -Foreign, 47s. Weekly, Price, 6d.</p> - - -<p><small>Country Life is a weekly journal addressed to all interested in country -life and country pursuits. One of its main features is the celebrated -series of <span class="smcap">Country Homes</span> and <span class="smcap">Gardens Old and New</span>; in each -number a country seat, remarkable either for its beauty or something -peculiarly instructive in the architecture of the house, gardens or grounds, is -elaborately illustrated in a manner that has proved of high service to those -engaged in building and laying out or improving their estates. Other -features of rural life are dealt with in an equally thorough manner. The -methods pursued on our most famous estates and farms are minutely -described, and photographs of the finest pedigree stock and the best -machinery are given. All forms of healthy outdoor sport are described and -illustrated in their season. In no case, however, are the facts set forth dry, -as the journal numbers among its contributors some of the most graceful and -accomplished writers of the present day. New books are also described and -discussed by competent critics, so that altogether the journal is calculated to -give the best news and views on all subjects that are of interest in cultivated -circles, and the wholesomeness and fine open-air feeling that pervades its -pages have almost become proverbial. <span class="smcap">Country Life</span> has, in fact, become -indispensable</small>.</p> - - -<p class="pads2">Dally Telegraph.—"'Country Life' is generally admitted to be the most beautifully -produced of all the weeklies. Its process illustrations are unmatched, and the letterpress is -always carefully selected and good in quality."</p> - -<p class="pads2">Westminster Gazette.—"To say of 'Country Life' that it is one of the best of our -illustrated productions is stating only half a fact, inasmuch as in some of its features it stands -alone. Its splendid gallery of stately mansions, beautiful interiors, and grand old gardens are -incomparable."</p> - -<p class="pads2">Daily Mail.—"'Country Life' has established itself as the most beautifully produced -weekly journal in the world."</p> - -<p class="pads2">Daily News.—"There is no feature of life in the country that is untouched, and a bound -volume of 'Country Life' is a real joy to possess and frequently to turn over."</p> - -<p class="pads2">Spectator.—"'Country Life' amply fulfils its promise of being 'the journal for all -interested in country life and country pursuits.'"</p> - -<p class="pads2">Liverpool Daily Courier.—"There is scarcely a number without one or more contributions -of literary or other interest which will stand reading, re-reading and study."</p> - - -<p><span class="xs">LONDON: PUBLISHED AT THE OFFICES OF "COUNTRY LIFE," LTD., TAVISTOCK ST., -COVENT GARDEN; AND BY GEORGE NEWNES, LTD., SOUTHAMPTON ST., STRAND, W.C.</span></p> -<hr class="chap" /> -</div> - - - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's Colour in the flower garden, by Gertrude Jekyll - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK COLOUR IN THE FLOWER GARDEN *** - -***** This file should be named 50764-h.htm or 50764-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/0/7/6/50764/ - -Produced by Shaun Pinder, Les Galloway and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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