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diff --git a/old/50487-8.txt b/old/50487-8.txt deleted file mode 100644 index ab52c31..0000000 --- a/old/50487-8.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1179 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Guidebook of Palo Duro Canyon, by -West Texas State Geological Society - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Guidebook of Palo Duro Canyon - -Author: West Texas State Geological Society - -Release Date: November 19, 2015 [EBook #50487] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GUIDEBOOK OF PALO DURO CANYON *** - - - - -Produced by Stephen Hutcheson, Dave Morgan and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - - - - - GUIDEBOOK OF - PALO DURO CANYON - - - _West Texas State University Geological Society_ - - - - - DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCES - - -The Department of Geosciences (geology, geography, anthropology) is -housed in the Science Center on the campus of West Texas State -University. Additional departmental space is found in the Killgore -Research Center and Old Main. The Department offers a program of study -leading to a Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Arts degrees in geology -and geography and a Bachelor of General Studies degree in anthropology. -Most students are enrolled in the Bachelor of Science in geology degree, -designed to meet the needs of students preparing for a professional -career in geology. It requires a minimum of 39 semester hours of -geology, plus supporting coursework in other sciences, mathematics, and -technical writing or cartography. The Department also offers a Master of -Science degree in geology. Recent thesis topics include _Geology of -Fortress Cliff Quadrangle, Randall County, Texas_ and _Sedimentology and -Petrology of the Javelina Formation, Big Bend National Park, Brewster -County, Texas_. - -Members of the departmental faculty have a wide range of academic -interests and come from a variety of colleges and universities. Special -interests of the faculty include stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, -geomorphology, sedimentology, structural geology, tectonics, igneous and -metamorphic petrology, petroleum geology, paleontology, cartography, -archaeology, and Indians and their culture of the south central United -States. In addition, the Department retains a broad concern for -earth-science education, and offers courses in introductory earth -science and geology to meet student needs in the University general -education and in teacher education. - -The Department supports students with teaching and graduate -assistantships, undergraduate laboratory assistants, and scholarships. -Information regarding degree programs and financial aid can be obtained -from the Department of Geosciences, West Texas State University, Box -938, Canyon, Texas 79016 or by calling the departmental office at -806-656-2581. - - - - - FOREWORD - - -The West Texas State University Geological Society was organized in 1958 -by students of the Department of Geology. The objective of the Society -is to promote interest in geology as an academic subject and as a -professional career. In order to present the concepts of geology to -interested groups, the Palo Duro Canyon Guidebook is sponsored by the -WTSU Geological Society. - -The Geological Society is indebted to Professor Jack T. Hughes and to -Mr. Jerry Harbour for their work in the first edition of this guidebook. - - DO YOU HAVE A GROUP OR KNOW OF A GROUP WHO WOULD LIKE A GUIDED FIELD - TRIP OF PALO DURO CANYON? CONTACT THE WEST TEXAS STATE UNIVERSITY - GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AT 656-2581 FOR INFORMATION. - - - - - TABLE OF CONTENTS - - - Text - - - Page - INTRODUCTION 1 - ECOLOGY 2 - HISTORY OF MAN IN THE AREA 4 - GEOLOGIC HISTORY 5 - PALEONTOLOGY 14 - - - Illustrations - - - Figure 1. Geologic Map of Palo Duro Canyon 6 - Figure 2. Stratigraphic Section and Geologic Time Scale 7 - Figure 3. Paleogeographic Map of the Permian Period 9 - Figure 4. Paleogeographic Map of the Triassic Period 11 - Figure 5. Paleogeographic Map of the Pliocene Epoch 13 - Figure 6. Paleogeographic Map of the Pleistocene Epoch 15 - Figure 7. Life of Triassic Time 17 - Figure 8. Pliocene Mammals 19 - - - - - INTRODUCTION - - -Palo Duro Canyon State Park is located 13 miles east of Canyon, Texas, -on State Highway 217 and 17 miles southeast of Amarillo, Texas. The park -encompasses about 15,000 acres of eastern Randall and western Armstrong -counties. - -The initial park area was purchased by the State of Texas in 1931. In -1973 the park boundary was extended to incorporate a famous topographic -structure, the Lighthouse (frontispiece). Excellent picnic and camping -facilities are available within the Park. - -Extending away from the canyon rim is a gently undulating land surface -called the Llano Estacado or Staked Plains. It is part of the High -Plains, a vast piedmont plain which extends along the eastern base of -the Rocky Mountains from Wyoming to Texas. The eastern edge of this -plain is, in places, an abrupt escarpment (cliff) known as the caprock. -Palo Duro Canyon is a westward extension of this escarpment that has -been carved into the High Plains by the Prairie Dog Town Fork of the Red -River. - -In the park area the canyon is several miles wide. The canyon rim is -about 3,500 feet above sea level and the canyon floor, although highly -irregular is approximately 2,700 feet above sea level. The maximum depth -of the canyon is about 800 feet. The United States Geological Survey has -published an excellent topographical contour map of the canyon, the -Fortress Cliff Quadrangle. It can be purchased at the park or from the -United States Geological Survey. - -The Park area normally receives about 20-30 inches of rainfall per year -and has a frost free period of approximately 200-240 days per year. The -yearly temperature ranges from 0-70°F in the winter and from 65 to 100°F -in the summer. The weather is considered fair about 75% of the time. The -nights are cool even in the summer. - - - - - ECOLOGY - - -Palo Duro Canyon is part of the escarpment system that forms the eastern -boundary of the Llano Estacado or Staked Plains. The Staked Plains in -this area is a nearly-level to gently-rolling terrain covered with a -mantle of calcareous loess (a wind-blown silt) that has given rise to -deep soils with a clay-loam surface and a clay subsoil. These soils are -ideally suited to the growth of short grasses, especially blue grama and -buffalo grass. Mesquite, yucca, prickly pear cactus, and forbs are -common invaders of overgrazed areas. - -Many shallow lake basins (playas) dot the plains with a flora different -from the surrounding areas. In the playas, plains grasses are displaced -by forbs that are suited to withstand the prolonged flooding within the -shallow basins. - -Near the canyon, the deep soils can be seen grading into shallow, -grayish-brown, gravelly-loam soils. The abundance of grasses decreases -and mid grasses such as little bluestem and sideoats grama increase. The -mid grasses are better able to absorb nutrients from the less fertile -soils near the canyon rim than are the short grasses. Especially -conspicuous are increasing numbers of shrubs, particularly the evergreen -and scale-leaved junipers. Just along the rim of the canyon, the shrubby -mountain mahogany is found. - -The rugged terrain of the sides of the canyon, extending from the -Ogallala downward through the Trujillo and Tecovas formations to the -upper part of the Quartermaster Formation, shows a variety of soil -types. On the steeper slopes, plants are unable to gain a foothold as -erosion removes soil material as fast as it is formed. On less-steep -areas, the well-drained escarpment soil is suited for the development of -scarp woodland. The deep, woody roots of trees and shrubs are better -able to obtain the deeply infiltrating moisture from these soils than -are the shallow and fibrous roots of grasses. The common plants on the -level areas are junipers, squaw-bush, and little-leaved sumac. On the -drier slopes, feather peabush, catclaw, and salt-bush are found. Groves -of oak occur, but not in the abundance found along the escarpment -further to the south. - -Below the canyon slopes and extending to the creek are a wide variety of -soils and a great diversity of plants. Most of the plants of the plains -and escarpment are found here. Some of the soils of the nearly level -areas are deep, high in fertility, and hold large amounts of water. Tall -grasses, such as indiangrass and switchgrass, occur admixed with mid -grasses; a rank growth of vine-mesquite grass often occurs in the areas -where runoff water collects; and alkali sacaton grass grows on saline -soils. Other trees and shrubs include hackberry, soapberry, wafer ash, -button bush, foresteria, and Texas buckthorn. Along the creek, -cottonwoods, willows, and salt cedar are common. - -Because of the varied topography, diversity of plant life, and -geographical locations, the canyon affords an ideal habitat for -wildlife. Some of the mammals that occur here are the coyote, porcupine, -jackrabbit, cottontail rabbit, raccoon, opossum, ringtailed cat, striped -skunk, gray fox, white-footed mouse, woodrat, and bat. Mammals that were -once common but are now absent or extremely rare are the bison, black -bear, black-footed ferret, lobo wolf, cougar, and bobcat. The moose and -American elk were introduced into the canyon but are no longer to be -found. White-tailed deer, mule deer, and aoudad sheep have also been -introduced and are still present. The mule deer is the most common. A -great many types of birds are found either as residents of or migrants -to the canyon. A few are the golden eagle, red-tailed hawk, sparrow -hawk, Mississippi kite, turkey vulture, blue quail, killdeer, nighthawk, -roadrunner, red-headed woodpecker, golden-fronted woodpecker, canyon -wren, mockingbird, robin, cardinal, meadowlark, Bullock's oriole, -painted bunting, white-crowned sparrow, and lark sparrow. - - - - - HISTORY OF MAN IN THE AREA - - -Archeological studies indicate that the earliest known inhabitants of -Palo Duro Canyon lived in the canyon from about 10,000 to 5,000 B.C. -These early men hunted bison and now-extinct elephant-like mammoths that -roamed the area during the Pleistocene Ice Age. Their stone weapons and -artifacts have been found in the canyon. Presumably these primitive -people, like those who came later, were attracted by streams and springs -in the canyon, and by game that came to feed there. Rock exposed in the -canyon provided material for tools and weapons. - -Through the centuries, various tribes of Plains Indians, including -Apache, Cheyenne, Arapahoe, Kiowa, and Comanche, made use of the canyon -as a camping ground. After the arrival of the white man, the canyon -became a favorite resting place for buffalo hunters and Indian traders -who travelled the Plains. White men first established residence there in -1876. - -The last Indian battle in Texas was fought in the canyon south of the -Park. Col. Ranald Mackenzie and his raiders, on September 25, 1874, -attacked a large encampment of Comanche, Cheyenne, Kiowa, and Arapahoe -in the canyon. They destroyed about 100 lodges and 1400 horses and -mules. The damage inflicted was severe and by the following spring most -of the Indians were returned to the reservation in Oklahoma. - - - - - GEOLOGIC HISTORY - - -The age of the earth is calculated in terms of billions of years. For -convenience, geologic time is divided into units, called PERIODS, of -different lengths (Figure 1). Sediments deposited during each period and -the fossilized remains of animals and plants found in these sediments -give a partial record of the events and life of that period. - -A nearly homogeneous (uniform composition) rock layer may be identified -as a FORMATION. Formations are usually spread over a wide area like a -large blanket and are stacked on top of each other with the oldest at -the bottom and the youngest at the top. When viewed in the walls of the -canyon, they resemble a huge layer cake and may be traced along the -canyon walls. - - [Illustration: Figure 1. GEOLOGIC MAP OF PALO DURO CANYON] - - [Illustration: Figure 2. Stratigraphic section at Palo Duro Canyon - with Geologic Time-scale for reference.] - - GEOLOGIC TIME-SCALE AGE M.Y. - CENOZOIC - QUAT. - HOLOCENE - PLEISTOCENE 2 - TERTIARY - PLIOCENE 13 - MIOCENE 25 - OLIGOCENE 36 - EOCENE 58 - PALEOCENE 63 - MESOZOIC - CRETACEOUS 135 - JURASSIC 181 - TRIASSIC 230 - PALEOZOIC - PERMIAN 280 - PENNSYLVANIAN 310 - MISSISSIPPIAN 345 - DEVONIAN 405 - SILURIAN 425 - ORDOVICIAN 500 - CAMBRIAN 600 - PRECAMBRIAN - -The lowest and oldest exposed formation in Palo Duro Canyon is the -Quartermaster. It was deposited near the edge of a shallow sea that -occupied a wide area in Texas some 280 to 230 million years ago (Figure -3). This was during the Permian Period, the last period of the Paleozoic -Era. The sediments in the park area were carried from the east and -deposited in a nearshore environment. Sedimentary structures, such as -crossbeds and ripplemarks, are present throughout the Quartermaster -Formation. Halite casts suggest that there was a high rate of -evaporation as sedimentation occurred. Gypsum (altered anhydrite) is -also interpreted to be an evaporite deposit. The gypsum is now seen as -horizontal white layers of alabaster and satin-spar varieties within the -Quartermaster Formation. - -The Quartermaster Formation is mostly siltstone and shale, and is -commonly a distinctive red color. This red color is the result of -combining oxygen from the air with the iron in the sediments (oxidation) -much as a nail rusts after it has been exposed for a long period. The -bedded gray zones represent times when there was enough fresh water from -the land to offset temporarily the oxidation process. Smaller circular -gray areas have organic nuclei that produced local areas of chemically -altered iron by a process called reduction. - -At the close of the Permian Period and the Paleozoic Era, the Panhandle -region was uplifted and a period of widespread erosion followed. -Consequently there are no sediments in this area to represent the early -or middle portions of the Triassic Period. Breaks, such as this, in the -sedimentary record are called UNCONFORMITIES. They may have been caused -by a lack of deposition in the area or by an interval during which -erosion removed earlier sediments. - - [Illustration: Figure 3. Paleogeographic map of the Permian Period - (240 m.y.)] - -The Tecovas Formation was deposited in swamps, lakes, and streams -approximately 200 million years ago during the Late Triassic (Figure 4). -The Tecovas is mostly purplish lavender, yellow, orange, and buff -siltstone and shale. The bright-colored shale of the Tecovas Formation -is easily followed for many miles. Amarillo (the Spanish word for -yellow) got its name from Amarillo Creek where the yellow bed of the -Tecovas Formation crops out far from Palo Duro Canyon. The shale of the -Tecovas forms the less steep portions of the canyon walls and often is -covered by talus (weathered, broken rock) or vegetation. The uppermost -Tecovas is usually mantled with boulders from the overlying sandstone of -the Trujillo Formation. - -The Tecovas Formation contains numerous concretions or irregularly -shaped, weathered rocks. The unusual shape of a concretion is the result -of the hardening of the sediments around a nucleus. As the rock -weathers, the resistant material surrounding the nucleus remains. Most -of the concretions are composed of limonite, hematite, manganite or -calcite. Some of the calcite concretions are a variety termed -"septarian." These concretions have calcite ridges in a honeycomb -pattern throughout the rock. Some of the concretions are simply nodular -or spherical aggregates. Also in the Tecovas, geodes filled or lined -internally with calcite crystals are found. - - [Illustration: Figure 4. Paleogeographic map of the Triassic Period - (181 m.y.)] - -Overlying the Tecovas is the Trujillo Formation. It was deposited by -streams that probably originated in an ancient highland southeast of the -present Panhandle. These streams were flowing more than 181 million -years ago. The sandstone contains some alternating layers of shale and -marl-pebble conglomerate. The Trujillo Formation is a resistant -formation and forms some of the upper portions of the canyon walls. The -steep portions are, in part, the result of a persistent fracture system -common in the Trujillo Formation. The sandstone and conglomerate of the -Trujillo characteristically exhibit well-developed crossbedding. Their -gray color is sometimes obscured by a crust of red mud or iron stain. -The uppermost red shale contains mineralized wood. The gray micaceous -sandstone has many round sandstone concretions. Some of these are -septarian concretions with cracks filled by calcite. Others may contain -leaf imprints. - -There is no evidence that Jurassic sediments were ever deposited in the -region. Cretaceous rocks are also missing in this area although -water-worn fossil oysters occur in the gravel at the base of the -overlying Ogallala. These fossils indicate that marine Cretaceous -sediments were deposited nearby and possibly covered the Triassic -deposits in the region. The rocks were then eroded away some time -between the end of the Cretaceous Period and the beginning of the -Pliocene Epoch, a span of about 50 million years. - -During the Pliocene Epoch, approximately 2-10 million years ago, the -Rocky Mountains were again uplifted. Sediments in streams and -floodplains were deposited on the erosional surface of the Trujillo -Formation (Figure 5). These stream-deposited sediments are the Ogallala -Formation. - -The Ogallala Formation, which forms the upper part of the sequence of -rocks exposed in the canyon, is present throughout most of the -Panhandle. The formation is important as it is the principal aquifer of -the Panhandle and supplies many farms and cities in the region with -water. The Ogallala is a siltstone and sandstone that has, in places, -been cemented by silica which came from groundwater. The formation -contains many pockets of common opal and the basal part is in many -places almost a chert. There are also some thin gray shale lenses. - - [Illustration: Figure 5. Paleogeographic map of the Pliocene (10 - m.y.)] - -Scattered over the Ogallala are Late Pliocene and Pleistocene playa lake -deposits up to 3 million years old. Some of these are fresh water lake -deposits of silt, limestone, and wind-transported sediments or loess. -Below these sediments is a layer of caliche which was deposited by -evaporation of groundwater rich in calcium carbonate during Late -Pliocene and Pleistocene time. - -Less than one million years ago, during the Pleistocene Epoch of the -Quaternary Period, the Prairie Dog Town Fork of the Red River began -eroding headward into the Llano Estacado (Figure 6). The caprock -escarpment is the result of differing resistance to erosion. The faster -erosion of softer layers under the more resistant Ogallala and Trujillo -formations forms the steep slopes of the escarpment. - -The Prairie Dog Town Fork of the Red River is the small stream flowing -in Palo Duro Canyon. Throughout the past million years it has been -slowly excavating the canyon. The rate of change has been slow but -continuous, carving the steep colorful walls of Palo Duro Canyon, an -area of geologic interest and great scenic beauty. - - - - - PALEONTOLOGY - - -During the Permian Period the area that is now Palo Duro Canyon State -Park, was a nearly-flat land surface along the edge of a restricted sea. -The scarcity of fossils in the Quartermaster Formation indicates that -plant and animal life was sparse. The environment was probably unsuited -for plant life. It is thought that groundwater near the surface -evaporated, leaving large amounts of salt as a residue. Since plants -could not grow, animals would not have frequented the area either. - - [Illustration: Figure 6. Headward erosion by the Pecos, Colorado, - Brazos, Red and Canadian Rivers isolate the High Plains by the end - of the Pleistocene (10,000 years ago) and cut Palo Duro Canyon.] - -Fossils and rocks of the Tecovas Formation indicate that the sediments -were deposited in a swamp and stream environment (Figure 7). As time -went on and the land continued rising, the climate became drier and some -of the earlier life forms disappeared. - -Remains of _Metoposaurus_ ('_Buettneria_'), the last of a long line of -giant amphibians, are found here. These animals lived in large ponds. -_Metoposaurus_ buried themselves in the bottom of a pond and waited for -fish to pass. With the aid of a third eye in the middle of its head, the -animal could direct its huge mouth to its prey. _Metoposaurus_ was so -bulky that it is thought that it did not leave the water because its -weak legs could not support its weight on land. - -Living in shallower areas of the swamp were a group of semiaquatic -reptiles known as phytosaurs. Phytosaurs looked very much like giant -crocodiles with a nostril on the top of their heads, which permitted -them to lie submerged just below the surface of the water. They probably -fed on fish and smaller reptiles. Phytosaurs reached a length of 50 -feet. - -A heavily armored aetosaur, _Desmatosuchus_ also lived in the Park area -during the Triassic. They attained a length of about 10 feet. These -reptiles probably were herbivorous (plant eating). A unique feature of -_Desmatosuchus_ was a fringe of backward-pointing horns around their -necks. These possibly served to protect them from the carnivorous (meat -eating) phytosaurs. - - [Illustration: Figure 7. Life of Late Triassic time, showing - restorations of the animals and plants that are now found as fossils - in the Chinle beds of New Mexico and Arizona. In the water is the - gigantic labyrinthodont amphibian, _Eupelor_, an animal some six - feet or more in length. Lying on the bank is the crocodile-like - thecodont reptile, _Phytosaurus_, large individuals of which may be - twenty or thirty feet long. Behind the phytosaur, in the distance, - is the armored thecodont, _Desmatosuchus_, ten feet long, and in the - foreground is the small, bipedal thecodont, _Hesperosuchus_. In the - left background are two individuals of the early saurischian - dinosaur, _Coelophysis_, reptiles about ten feet in length. These - animals lived in a tropical environment of moderate topography, - crossed by many sluggish rivers and dotted with lakes. Numerous - volcanoes rose above the general level of the land. Large, - araucarian trees were abundant, stout scouring rushes or horsetails - ten or fifteen feet high were everywhere, and the ground was covered - with abundant ferns.] - -Also found in the Tecovas and Trujillo formations are fossil lung-fish -teeth. Lung-fish are a type of fish that can breathe air, enabling them -to move from pond to pond. Footprints of a chicken-sized dinosaur have -also been found. The Middle Triassic flora was dominated by giant -palm-like trees. Also found are remains of a few large ferns and -horsetails. As the climate became drier and the swamps began to -disappear, coniferous (evergreen) trees such as _Araucarioxylon_ became -plentiful. These trees can be found in the canyon today as petrified -wood. - -The Ogallala in the park contains very few fossils. A giant tortoise was -found near the bend where the road begins to descend into the canyon. -Fossil seeds may be seen in the exposure of the Ogallala near the -Coronado Lodge. - -More extensive Late Pliocene fossil beds are exposed south of the park -in Cita Canyon. These beds are younger than the Ogallala and are stream -and basin deposits. The fauna and flora found here suggest a broad, -flat, grassy plain much like the present landscape (Figure 8). Remains -of mastodons, large, elephant-like animals with long upper tusks that -were used to dig up roots, are found here. Saber-tooth cats, also -present, preyed upon the mastodons. The remains of these, as well as -bones of camels, pony-sized horses, and sloths 10 feet high have been -found in the vicinity of the canyon. Some of these animals are thought -to have lived in the Panhandle a mere 10,000 years ago. - - [Illustration: Figure 8.] - - - _Amebelodon_: shovel-tusked mastodon - _Teleoceras_: short-legged rhinoceros - _Synthetoceras_: snout-horned even-toed hoofed mammal - _Cranioceras_: cranial-horned even-toed hoofed mammal - _Merycodus_: extinct pronghorn antelope - _Hypolagus_: extinct rabbit - _Epigaulus_: burrowing horned rodent - _Aphelops_: long-legged rhinoceros - _Prosthennops_: extinct peccary - _Osteoborus_: short-faced dog - _Pseudaelurus_: extinct cat - _Hemicyon_: bearlike dog - _Procamelus_: llamalike camel - _Megatylopus_: giant camel - _Pliohippus_: ancestral one-toed horse - _Neohipparion_: extinct three-toed horse - - - [Illustration: FIGURE 22.41 Pliocene Mammals. Early Pliocene life of - the southern High Plains. (Mural by J. H. Matternes, courtesy U.S. - National Museum.)] - -Due to limited outcrops in the Canyon proper, Pleistocene fossils are -very rare. An excellent collection of fossils from Palo Duro Canyon and -the Panhandle area is on display at the Panhandle-Plains Historical -Museum. - - [Illustration: Spectacular Palo Duro, "grand canyon" of the - Panhandle Plains, is an exciting experience. One of the nation's - most magnificent scenic attractions, it provides delightful drives - and opportunities for hiking, horseback riding and camping in - season. Visit Palo Duro and enjoy it.] - - - Diamond Shamrock - - - QUALITY ROCK SHOP - - OVERNIGHT CAMPING - LAPIDARY EQUIPMENT - QUALITY AGATE & JADE, FOREIGN & DOMESTIC - CUSTOM SILVER, GOLD AND TURQUOISE WORK - - 2 Miles West of Canyon on U.S. Highway 60 - Route 1, Box 211, Canyon, Texas 79015 - - MAGGIE & WHITEY VOELM - (806) 655-7631 - - - _Search Drilling Co._ - - Rotary Drilling Contractors - Oil & Gas Producers - - SUITE 400 - WELLINGTON SQUARE OFFICE PARK - 1616 S. KENTUCKY - AMARILLO, TEXAS 79102 - (806) 359-7645 - - - YUCCA PETROLEUM CO. - - 300 Diamond Shamrock Building - P.O. BOX 2585 AMARILLO, TEXAS 79105 - Telephone: (806) 376-5431 - - - Argonaut - Energy Corporation - - GLEN S. SODERSTROM, President - LORNE E. TJERNAGEL, Exec. Vice-President - R. L. PATTERSON, Vice-President of Production - - 1209 West 7 St. Suite 200 - Amarillo, Texas 79101 - 806/373-6885 - - - W.M. QUACKENBUSH - - Petroleum Geologist - - 2315 Harmony - Amarillo, Texas 79106 - 806-355-2931 - - - JACK G. JONES - - CONSULTING PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST - - Office: AC 806/352-6891 - 5500 Meadow Green Dr. - Post Office Box 8145 - Amarillo, Texas 79109 - - - TUTHILL & BARBEE - - PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS - - S. KEITH TUTHILL - BILL J. BARBEE - - 300 Fisk Bldg. - - Amarillo, Texas - PH. 373-3023 - - - CAMBRIDGE & NAIL - - PETROLEUM EXPLORATION SERVICES - - 803 Bank of the Southwest Bldg. - AMARILLO, TEXAS 79109 - 806 355-9297 - - Geologist: THOMAS R. CAMBRIDGE - Landman: A. L. NAIL - - - PAGE PETROLEUM LTD. - - 901 BANK OF THE SOUTHWEST BUILDING - AMARILLO, TEXAS 79109 - 806-366-9586 - - 11TH FLOOR ROYAL BANK BLDG., 335-8TH AVE. S.W. - CALGARY, ALBERTA T2P 1C9 - 403-269-8221 - - - ALPAR RESOURCES, INC. - - Box 1046 - Perryton, Texas 79070 - - - Panhandle Geological Society - - Box 2473 Amarillo, Texas - Petroleum Library 5th Floor Petroleum Bldg. - Field trip Guidebooks, Cross-Sections and Other Publications - GEOLOGY STUDENTS INVITED AND WELCOME - - - DUDLEY R. STANLEY - - Consulting Geologist - - 5500 Meadowgreen Drive Box 7586 - Amarillo, Texas 79109 - 355-8051 - - - PARADOX PETROLEUM CO. - - P.O. BOX 10025 - AMARILLO, TEXAS 79106 - - George Dobervich - Frank Rapstine - Dan Taylor - - PHONE (806) 355-5562 - - - HAWK ENERGY CORPORATION - - VERNON H. ROBINETT - BOB CONLEY - - Suite 230 / Wellington Square - Amarillo, Texas 79102 - 806-359-7021 - - - JAMES F. O'CONNELL - - CONSULTING GEOLOGIST - - 355-8051 - 5772 Canyon E-way - P. O. Box 7006 - Amarillo. Texas 79109 - - - Texas Panhandle Sample Log Service - - Plotted and described Stratigraphic Sample Logs on current and old - wildcat tests drilled in the Oklahoma and Texas Panhandles and - Northeastern New Mexico - - 1011 W. 9th - Amarillo, Texas - 373-8522 - - - CHARLES B. MORGAN - - CONSULTING GEOLOGIST - - 355-8051 - 5772 Canyon E-way - P. O. Box 7586 - Amarillo, Texas 79109 - - - IRWIN & ASSOCIATES - - GEOLOGICAL - MECHANICAL - CIVIL - ARCHITECTURAL - "_COUNTY MAPS_" - _Professional Drafting Service_ - - BILL E. IRWIN - - 502 Petroleum Bldg. - P. O. Box 14032 - Amarillo, Texas 79101 - Bus. 806-373-4611 - Res. 806-622-0789 - - - Mesa Petroleum Co. - - _With Compliments_ - _Mesa Petroleum Co._ - _One Mesa Square_ - _Amarillo, Texas_ - - - BAKER & TAYLOR DRILLING COMPANY - - --Combining the finest in drilling equipment and skill to better serve - the oil industry-- - - Offering summer employment to W.T.S.U. students this year--as in the - last twenty-five years. - - [Illustration: Desert scene] - - - - - Discover the world around you at West Texas State University - -When you look toward the future, include a good education in your plans. -West Texas State University will help you learn about your world and -prepare you for the future. - - West Texas State University - Canyon, Texas - - - - - Transcriber's Notes - - ---Silently corrected several palpable typographical errors. - ---Retained the list of corporate sponsors, but with simplified - stylesheet. - ---The original source had no date or copyright information. Based on - external data, original publication of this (revised) edition was - within a year or two of 1980. - - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Guidebook of Palo Duro Canyon, by -West Texas State Geological Society - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GUIDEBOOK OF PALO DURO CANYON *** - -***** This file should be named 50487-8.txt or 50487-8.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/0/4/8/50487/ - -Produced by Stephen Hutcheson, Dave Morgan and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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