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+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #50446 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/50446)
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-The Project Gutenberg EBook of Dictionary of Explosives, by Arthur Marshall
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
-the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
-to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
-
-
-
-Title: Dictionary of Explosives
-
-Author: Arthur Marshall
-
-Release Date: November 13, 2015 [EBook #50446]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES ***
-
-
-
-
-Produced by Paul Marshall and the Online Distributed
-Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
-produced from images generously made available by The
-Internet Archive)
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Transcriber's Notes:
-
- Underscores "_" before and after a word or phrase indicate _italics_
- in the original text.
- Equal signs "=" before and after a word or phrase indicate =bold=
- in the original text.
- Small capitals have been converted to SOLID capitals.
- Hyphenation in the original is inconsistent, this has been retained.
- Subscripts are represented as _N and superscripts are represented
- as ^N where “N” is an integer.
-
-
-
-
-DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES
-
-
-
-
- DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES
-
- BY ARTHUR MARSHALL A.C.G.I., F.I.C., F.C.S.
- CHEMICAL INSPECTOR INDIAN ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT
-
-
- PHILADELPHIA
- P. BLAKISTON’S SON & CO.
- 1012 WALNUT STREET
-
- 1920
-
-
- _Printed in Great Britain_
-
-
-
-
-INTRODUCTION
-
-
-It is a generation since a dictionary of explosives has been
-published, and, in the meantime, many new explosives have been
-introduced. It is hoped, therefore, that this small volume, giving
-concise information about these special materials, may prove useful
-to those who have to deal with them. In Cundill and Thomson’s
-“Dictionary of Explosives,” issued in 1895, there are many entries of
-the names of inventors and of mixtures which had been proposed but
-have never been used commercially, nor are likely to be. As modern
-explosives were then in their infancy, it was no doubt wise to insert
-all the available information whether it appeared to be important
-or not; but now it seems to me better to restrict the scope of the
-dictionary so as to keep its size within moderate limits. Practically
-only explosives with special or proprietary names are therefore dealt
-with here. For information concerning chemical substances, such as
-the nitro-toluenes and other nitro-compounds, reference should be
-made to the textbooks on explosives and chemistry.
-
-A few words may, however, be said here about the nitrocelluloses.
-These are made by treating cellulose with a mixture of nitric
-and sulphuric acids, and then purifying the product by washing
-it thoroughly with hot water. The variety of cellulose most used
-for this purpose is cotton, and the product obtained from it is
-frequently called nitrocotton, three special varieties of which are
-collodion cotton, pyrocollodion and guncotton (_q. v._). The only
-other form of cellulose which is nitrated on a commercial scale is
-“chemical cellulose” obtained by the treatment of wood or straw.
-Nitrated wood cellulose has long been used for the manufacture of
-smokeless powders for shot-guns, and during the War the Germans made
-powders for rifled fire-arms from it.
-
-No trouble has been spared to make the dictionary complete and
-accurate, but there must inevitably be omissions and errors in it,
-especially as regards the explosives of foreign countries. The author
-will be grateful for any additional information that may be sent him.
-
-Explosives may be classified in various ways, according to the
-purpose of the classification, but the great majority of them fall
-naturally into two main divisions: propellants and high explosives.
-Propellants explode comparatively slowly, and are used to propel
-projectiles from fire-arms. High explosives are much more rapid in
-their action, and are used for bursting and shattering. Propellants
-are of two sorts, according as they are intended for use in shot-guns
-or rifled fire-arms. Those for shot-guns burn more rapidly than those
-for the latter, but both practically always contain a considerable
-proportion of nitrocellulose, gelatinised by means of such solvents
-as acetone or ether-alcohol, according as it is of high or low
-nitration. Some contain also nitroglycerine, and are then called
-nitroglycerine powders, whereas those that do not contain this
-substance are termed nitrocellulose powders. Many powders also
-contain other ingredients, as may be seen from the compositions given
-in this dictionary.
-
-Of high explosives an important class is used for charging shells
-and bombs. As a rule, but not necessarily, these are not the same
-as the explosives used for mining operations and other general
-blasting purposes. Another important class is that of the coal-mine
-explosives, which are designed to give only a short and comparatively
-cool flame so as to diminish the danger of igniting fire-damp
-and coal-dust. Nearly half the explosives in this dictionary are
-coal-mine explosives. The reason for this large number is that no
-finality has yet been reached as to the best and safest explosives
-to use in coal mines. When more experience has been gained it is
-probable that the number of these explosives on the market will
-be reduced. In England the Permitted List has recently been cut down
-considerably.
-
-In Great Britain these coal-mine explosives have to be submitted
-to the Inspectors of Explosives, and are subjected to tests for
-safety and strength. If they pass they are placed on the list of
-“Permitted Explosives,” and the compositions are published in the
-Explosives in Coal Mines Orders. In these Orders the upper and lower
-limits of the percentage of each constituent are given, but in this
-dictionary intermediate percentages are given so that the sum for any
-explosive amounts to 100. In the Explosives in Coal Mines Orders the
-percentage of such a substance as wood, meal or starch, is given in
-the dried condition, but here it is given in the air-dry state on the
-assumption that it then contains about 10 per cent. of moisture.
-
-In France and Belgium also the compositions of the coal-mine
-explosives are published, but in Germany, as a rule, only a list of
-the constituents is given, and sometimes an upper or lower limit for
-one or more of the principal constituents. Moreover, it is not stated
-explicitly whether the explosives are intended for use in coal mines
-or for general blasting purposes. In the United States of America,
-explosives intended for use in coal mines are examined by the Bureau
-of Mines, which, however, has no power to prevent the use of others
-because regulations on this matter are made by the individual states.
-If they pass they are placed on the list of “Permissible Explosives.”
-The compositions are not published, but the class of composition is
-stated.
-
-Until the second half of the nineteenth century, gunpowder was
-practically the only explosive used on a considerable scale, and it
-was employed for all purposes. Consequently it does not fall into any
-of the classes mentioned, or rather it could be placed in several of
-them.
-
-Another class of explosives that has not yet been mentioned is that
-of the primary igniters, of which fulminate of mercury may be taken
-as typical. The characteristic of these is that they can be exploded
-or ignited by a spark or moderate friction, and consequently they
-can be employed to fire other, less sensitive explosives. There
-are, however, practically no explosives of this class which possess
-special or proprietary names, and consequently they are not dealt
-with in this dictionary.
-
- _Naini Tal, India._
- 1920.
-
-
-
-
- CLASSIFICATION
-
-
- COAL-MINE EXPLOSIVES
-
- _American Permissible Explosives._
-
- Aetna Coal Mine Powder.
- Bental Coal Powder.
- Bituminite.
- Black Diamond.
- Cameron Mine Powder.
- Carbonite.
- Coalite.
- Coal Special.
- Collier Powder.
- Cronite.
- Detonite.
- Du Pont Permissible.
- Eureka.
- Fort Pitt Mine Powder.
- Fuel-ite.
- Giant Coal Mine Powder.
- Guardian.
- Hecla No. 2.
- Hygrade Coal Powder.
- Kanite.
- Lomite.
- Lowinite.
- Meteor.
- Miners’ Friend.
- Min-ite.
- Monobel.
- Nitro Low-Flame.
- Red H.
- Trojan Coal Powder.
- Tunnelite.
- Vigorite.
- Xpdite.
-
- _Austrian and Hungarian._
-
- Chloratit.
- Dynammon.
- Progressit.
- Titanit.
-
- _Belgian Explosifs S.G.P._
-
- Alsilite.
- Antigel de Sûreté.
- Baelenite.
- Colinite antigrisouteuse.
- Cornil.
- Densite.
- Dynamite antigrisouteuse.
- Favier Explosives.
- Flammivore.
- Forcite antigrisouteuse.
- Fractorite.
- Grisoutine II.
- Grisoutite.
- Ingélite.
- Minerite.
- Minite.
- Minolite.
- Pulvérite.
- Sabulite antigrisouteuse.
- Securophore.
- Wallonite.
- Yonckite.
- (There were also several explosives
- made in Germany.)
-
- _British._
-
- *Abbcite.
- *Abelite.
- *Ajax Powder.
- *Albionite.
- *Amasite.
- *Ammonal.
- Ammonite.
- *Amvis.
- *Anchorite.
- *Aphosite.
- *Arkite.
- *Barking Powder.
- Bellite.
- Bobbinite.
- *Britonite.
- *Bull Dog.
- Cambrite.
- *Carbonite.
- *Celtite.
- *Cliffite.
- Cliffite (Super-).
- *Clydite.
- *Cornish Powder.
- *Coronite.
- *Curtisite.
- *Curtisite (Super-).
- Denaby Powder.
- *Dominite.
- *Dragonite.
- *Dreadnought Powder.
- Du Pont Permissible.
- *Duxite.
- Dynobel.
- *Electronite.
- Essex Powder.
- *Excellite.
- Excellite (Super-).
- Expedite.
- *Faversham Powder.
- Fortex (New).
- *Fracturite.
- *Gathurst Powder.
- *Good Luck.
- Haylite.
- *Herculite.
- *Kent Powder.
- Kentite.
- *Kolax.
- *Kolax (Super-).
- *Kynarkite.
- *Kynite.
- *Melling Powder.
- *Mersey Powder.
- *Minite.
- Monarkite.
- Monobel.
- *Monobel Powder.
- *Nationalite.
- Negro Powder.
- *Neonal.
- *Nitro-Densite.
- *Nobel Ammonia Powder.
- *Normanite.
- *Oaklite.
- *Odite.
- *Permon Powder.
- *Permonite.
- *Phœnix Powder.
- *Pit-ite.
- *Pitsea Powder.
- Rex Powder.
- *Rexite.
- *Rippite.
- Rippite (Super-).
- Roburite.
- *Russelite.
- Samsonite.
- *Saxonite.
- Seamex.
- *Sheppey Powder.
- *Stanford Powder.
- *Steelite (Colliery).
- *St. Helen’s Powder.
- Stomonal.
- *Stow-ite.
- *Sunderite.
- *Superite.
- *Swale Powder.
- *Swalite.
- *Syndite.
- Thames Powder.
- *Tutol.
- *Uplees Powder.
- *Victor Powder.
- *Victorite.
- Viking Powder.
- *Virite.
- *Westfalite.
- *Withnell Powder.
-
- (Those marked * are not now on the Permitted List.)
-
- _French._
-
- Favier explosives.
- Grisounite.
- Grisoutine.
- N.
- Naphthalite (Grisou-).
-
- _German._
-
- Albit (Wetter-).
- Astralit (Wetter-).
- Bautzener Sicherheits-pulver.
- Bavarit.
- Cahuecit (Ammon-).
- Carbonite.
- Chloratzit.
- Chromamonit.
- Cosilit.
- Dahmenit.
- Detonit.
- Donarit.
- Dorfit.
- Dynamit (Wettersicheres).
- Elsagit (Ammon-).
- Foerder Sicherheitssprengstoff.
- Foerdit.
- Fulmenit (Wetter-).
- Gehlingerit.
- Gesilit.
- Glueckauf.
- Kohlenkarbonit.
- Koronit (Kohlen-).
- Lenit (Neu-).
- Lignosit.
- Monachit.
- Naphthalit.
- Nobelit.
- Orkanit.
- Pastanit.
- Permonit.
- Perrumpit.
- Persalit (Wetter-).
- Plastomenit.
- Rhenanit (Wetter-).
- Roburite.
- Romperit (Wetter-).
- Salit.
- Schlesit.
- Securite.
- Siegenit.
- Teutonit.
- Tremonit.
- Tunnelit.
- Walsrode (Wetter-).
- Westfalit.
- Wetter-Dynamit.
-
- BLASTING EXPLOSIVES
-
- Aerolit.
- Aetna.
- Albit.
- Alkalsit.
- Amasite.
- Ammonal.
- Ammoniakkrut.
- Anagon.
- Anilit.
- Astralit.
- Atlas Powder.
- Barbarit.
- Blastine.
- Blasting Gelatine.
- Bomlit.
- C.
- Cahuecit.
- Carbite d’Ablon.
- Carbo-Dynamite.
- Carlsonite.
- Cheddite.
- Chloratzite.
- Cugnite.
- Dahmenite.
- Denaby Powder.
- Densite.
- Dominit.
- Donarit.
- Dynamite.
- Electronite.
- Ergite.
- Erin Gelignite.
- Extra Dynamite.
- Forcite.
- Fumenit.
- Gehlingerit.
- Gelatinée a l’Ammoniaque.
- Gelatine Dynamite.
- Gelignite.
- Giant Powder.
- Halalite.
- Hammonit.
- Helagon.
- Helit.
- Hercules Powder.
- Imperialite.
- Judson Powder.
- Kausolit.
- Kinetit.
- Kiwit.
- Koronit.
- L.C. Pulver.
- Leonit.
- Ligdyn.
- Lignosit.
- Lithofracteur.
- Loewenpulver.
- Luxit.
- M.B. Powder.
- Marsit.
- Meganit.
- Melanite.
- Mercurit.
- Miedziankit.
- Minolite.
- Mitchellite.
- Monachit.
- Naphthalit.
- Nitrolit.
- O.
- Oakley Quarry Powder.
- Oxyliquit.
- Pastanil.
- Peragon.
- Perchlorit.
- Perdit.
- Perilit.
- Persalit.
- Petroklastit.
- Petrolit.
- Pfalzit.
- Pierrite.
- Plastammon.
- Plessit.
- Pniowit.
- Polarite.
- Praeposit.
- Prométhée.
- Prosperit.
- Rack-a-Rock.
- Raschit.
- Red Cross.
- Rendrock.
- Rexol.
- Rhenanit.
- Rhexit.
- Rivalit.
- Rockite.
- Romperit.
- Roslin Giant Blasting Powder.
- Sabulite.
- Saxonite.
- Sebomite.
- Sengite.
- Siegenit.
- Silesia.
- Sprengel Explosives.
- Sprengsalpeter.
- Steelite.
- Stonax.
- Telsit.
- Territ.
- Teutonit.
- Thornit.
- Titanite.
- Tonite.
- Tremonit.
- Velox Gelatine.
- Vender.
- Vigorite.
- Vulcan Powder.
- Wilhelmit.
- Yonckite.
-
- HIGH EXPLOSIVES
-
- (_For Shells and Bombs._)
-
- Alumatol.
- Amatol.
- Amatoxol.
- Anilite.
- Astralit.
- Baratol.
- Cilferite.
- Crésylite.
- Dunnite.
- Echo.
- Ecrasite.
- Fuellpulver.
- Fumyl.
- Granatfuellung.
- H.E.
- Hellhofite.
- Himalayite.
- Hudson’s Explosive.
- Lyddite.
- Macarite.
- Mélinite.
- Nitrolit.
- Panclastite.
- Perdit.
- Plastrotyl.
- Schneiderite.
- Shellite.
- Stabilite.
- T.N.T.
- Toxol.
- Triplastit.
-
- MISCELLANEOUS EXPLOSIVES
-
- Black Powder.
- C.P.
- Centralite.
- Cheesa Sticks.
- Collodion Cotton.
- Flobert Ammunition.
- Glonoine.
- Halakite.
- Ophorite.
- Pulvérin.
- Pyrocollodion.
- Pyroxyline.
- Stabilite.
- Tetryl.
- White Gunpowder.
-
- PROPELLANTS
-
- (_For Shot-guns._)
-
- Amberite.
- Cannonite.
- Clermonite.
- Cooppal’s Powder.
- Crystal.
- Du Pont Smokeless Powder.
- E.C. Powder.
- Economic.
- Eley Smokeless Powder.
- Empire.
- Felixite.
- Fulmen Powder.
- Henrite.
- Ideal Powder.
- J.
- K.S.
- M.
- Mischpulver.
- Mullerite.
- Neonite.
- New Explosives Co.’s Smokeless Powder.
- Normal Powder.
- Plastomenit.
- Primrose Smokeless.
- Red Star.
- Rifleite (Shot Gun).
- Rottweil Smokeless Powder.
- Ruby Powder.
- S.
- S.S.
- Schultze Powder.
- Smokeless Diamond.
- Stowmarket Smokeless.
- T.
- Troisdorf Smokeless Powder.
- Walsrode Shot Gun Powder.
-
- (_For Rifled Fire-arms._)
-
- Amide Powder.
- Ammonpulver.
- Apyrite.
- Axite.
- B.
- Ballistite.
- Brugère’s Powder.
- Cocao Powder.
- Cordite.
- C.S.P.
- Filite.
- Hebler Powder.
- Indurite.
- Lafflin and Rand.
- Moddite.
- N.C.T.
- Neonite.
- Nitrokol.
- Normal Powder.
- P.C./88.
- R.F.G.
- R.L.G.
- Rifleite.
- Rottweil Smokeless Powder.
- S.K.
- S.R.
- S.V.
- Solenite.
- Troisdorf Smokeless Powder.
- Wetteren.
-
-
-
-
- DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES
-
-
-=ABBCITE.=--A coal-mine explosive made by Kynoch,
-Ltd. The original composition which passed the Woolwich
-Test was--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 80
- Nitroglycerine 10
- Wood meal 10
-
-To enable it to pass the Rotherham Test sodium chloride
-was added, and a little dinitro-toluene was also introduced--
-
- ABBCITE NO. 2.
- _Date of Permit_ 3-7-15
-
- Ammonium nitrate 58
- Nitroglycerine 8·5
- Wood meal 9
- Dinitro-toluene 1·5
- Sodium chloride 23
-
- Limit charge 18 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2·54”
-
-The permit has now been repealed.
-
-=ABELITE.=--A coal-mine explosive made by the Lancashire
-Explosives Co. Two formulas were approved--
-
- No. 1. No. 4.
- _Date of Permit_ 7-4-14 15-1-15
-
- Ammonium nitrate 68·5 67
- Dinitro-benzene 7 --
- Trinitro-toluene 7 14·5
- Sodium chloride 17·5 7
- Starch -- 11·5
-
- Limit charge 14 oz. 18 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic
- pendulum) 2·85” 2·79”
-
-The permits have now been repealed.
-
-Abelite (without distinguishing number) is simply a
-mixture of ammonium nitrate and trinitro-toluene--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 83
- Trinitro-toluene 17
-
-It is therefore a variety of Bellite in which the dinitro-benzene has
-been replaced by trinitro-toluene. It is used for filling grenades
-and general blasting purposes, but is not permitted in dangerous coal
-mines.
-
-=AEROLIT= is a Danish ammonium nitrate explosive, _e.g._--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 78·125
- Potassium nitrate 7·5
- Sulphur 8·75
- Fat 2·5
- Sago meal 1·25
- Manganese dioxide 1·25
- Resin 0·625
-
-=AETNA COAL POWDER= is an American coal-mine powder on the
-Permissible List. Brands A, B and C are nitroglycerine explosives.
-AA and No. 2 are ammonium nitrate explosives.
-
-=AETNA POWDER.=--A variety of American dynamite containing 15
-to 65 per cent. of nitroglycerine mixed with wood pulp and sodium
-nitrate. Roasted flour has sometimes been substituted for wood pulp.
-
-=AJAX POWDER.=--A coal-mine explosive made by
-Nobel’s Explosives Co.
-
- _Date of Permit_ 1-9-13
- Nitroglycerine 22·3
- Nitrocotton 0·7
- Di- and trinitro-toluenes 3·5
- Potassium perchlorate 37
- Wood meal 11·5
- Ammonium oxalate 25
- Limit charge 12 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2·69”
-
-In 1914, 329,000 lbs. were used in coal mines, but the permit
-has now been repealed.
-
-=ALBIONITE.=--A mixture of gelignite and ammonium
-oxalate. It was formerly on the Permitted List.
-
-=ALBIT.=--A German chlorate explosive introduced in 1915 in
-consequence of the scarcity of nitrates due to the War. It is defined
-as consisting of not more than 80 per cent. sodium or potassium
-chlorate, not more than 4 per cent. nitroglycerine, and mono- or
-dinitro-hydrocarbons. It may also contain inorganic salts and carbon
-carriers such as vegetable meal, oils, soaps or carbohydrates.
-A variety made for use in coal mines is called Wetter-Albit or
-Kohlen-Albit.
-
-=ALDORFIT.= See =DORFIT=.
-
-=ALKALSIT.=--A German chlorate or perchlorate explosive made by
-the Dynamit A.-G. of Hamburg. It contains not more than 80 per cent.
-sodium or potassium chlorate, or not more than 80 per cent. sodium,
-potassium or ammonium perchlorate, and 19 per cent. of aromatic
-nitro-hydrocarbons and nitrocotton, also coal, hydrocarbons or
-carbohydrates, and nitrates. The chlorate mixtures must not contain
-ammonium salts. Alkalsit I contains not more than 27 per cent. of
-potassium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, not more than 24 per cent.
-of sodium nitrate, not more than 8 per cent. of trinitro-toluene,
-also wood meal, flour and nitro-naphthalene. Alkalsit A contains not
-more than 55 per cent. of potassium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate,
-not more than 31 per cent. trinitro-toluene, and not more than 5 per
-cent. of a neutral liquid mixture of nitrated toluenes. Alkalsit B is
-similar except that it contains also ammonium nitrate.
-
-=ALSILITE S.G.P.=--A Belgian coal-mine explosive on the list of
-Explosifs S.G.P. It is of the Ammonal type--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 62
- Trinitro-toluene 11
- Ferro-silicon-aluminium 5
- Sodium chloride 22
-
- Charge limite 900 g.
-
-=ALUMATOL.=--A mixture of ammonium nitrate, trinitro-toluene and
-a little aluminium powder, used for charging trench-mortar bombs, etc.
-
-=AMASITE.=--A coal-mine explosive formerly on the Permitted
-List--
-
- Ammonium perchlorate 34
- Sodium nitrate 31
- Myrobolans 34·7
- Agar agar 0·3
-
-It was made by the Société Anonyme de Vilvorde in Belgium, and was
-originally called Ugolite.
-
-Rock Amasite and S.T. Amasite are non-permitted explosives of
-composition somewhat similar to the above.
-
-=AMATOL.=--A mixture of ammonium nitrate and trinitro-toluene.
-The composition is shown by the figures placed after the name;
-thus Amatol 40/60 contains 40 per cent. ammonium nitrate and 60
-per cent. trinitro-toluene, and Amatol 80/20 consists of 80 parts
-ammonium nitrate and 20 parts trinitro-toluene. These explosives are
-used very extensively for filling shell and other projectiles. The
-mixtures rich in trinitro-toluene can be cast after being heated to
-temperature above the melting-point of this constituent, but those
-rich in ammonium nitrate are stemmed into the projectile hot or
-pressed. Similar mixtures are used by the Germans and other powers
-under various names. In Germany it is called Füllpulver (q. v.).
-
-=AMATOXOL.=--A mixture of ammonium nitrate and Toxol, which
-consists of trinitro-toluene and trinitro-xylene.
-
-*=AMBERITE.=--A smokeless shot-gun powder made by Curtis’s and
-Harvey at Tonbridge. Amberite No. 1 contained nitroglycerine as well
-as nitrocotton and various other substances. According to “Arms
-and Explosives,” 1917, p. 78, a sample of Amberite No. 2 had the
-composition--
-
- Insoluble nitrocotton 18·6
- Soluble ” 46·0
- Nitrates of potassium and barium 28·0
- Vaseline 6·0
- Volatile matter 1·4
-
-This is still on the market. It is a fibrous 42-grain bulk
-powder.
-
-*=AMIDE POWDER= or Chilworth Special Powder was an early attempt
-at a smokeless powder. Under the name of Amidpulver it was used by
-the German artillery for some years in the ’eighties of the last
-century. Its composition was--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 35-38
- Potassium nitrate 40-46
- Charcoal 14-22
-
-See also Ammonpulver and Hebler Powder.
-
-=AMMONAL= is a blasting explosive containing ammonium nitrate,
-aluminium powder, charcoal, and generally trinitro-toluene. It was
-patented in 1900 by G. Roth of Vienna, and the following are some of
-the compositions made by his firm at Felixdorf in Austria--
-
- _a_ _b_ _c_ _d_
- Ammonium nitrate 80·75 90 88 80
- Aluminium 15 4 8 18
- Charcoal 4·25 6 4 2
-
-More violent mixtures made by the same firm are--
-
- I II
- Ammonium nitrate 46 32
- Trinitro-toluene 30 50
- Aluminium 22 16
- Charcoal 2 2
-
-and modifications of this have been used largely in the British
-service. It is not suitable for use in underground workings as it
-forms on explosion the poisonous gas carbon monoxide, unless the
-proportion of ammonium nitrate be large. It has been used for
-charging grenades, and by the Austrians for trench howitzer bombs.
-
-When the explosive is detonated, the aluminium is converted into the
-oxide, evolving no gas, but a considerable amount of heat, which
-increases the power of the explosive. The aluminium powder also
-renders the explosive easier to detonate.
-
-Three explosives of this type passed the Woolwich Test, and were on
-the old Permitted List for coal mines, namely, Ammonal B, Ripping
-Ammonal and Saint Helen’s Powder (q. v.).
-
- Ripping
- Ammonal B. Ammonal.
- Ammonium nitrate 94·5 86
- Aluminium 3 8
- Charcoal 2·5 2·5
- Potassium bichromate -- 3·5
-
-No explosives containing aluminium are on the present Permitted List.
-
-=AMMONCAHUECIT=} =CAHUECIT=.
- } See
-=AMMONCARBONIT=} =CARBONIT=.
-
-=AMMONIAKKRUT= was the first ammonium nitrate explosive. It
-was invented by J. Ohlsson and J. H. Norrbin, two Swedes, and was
-protected by English Patent 2766 of 1869. It consisted of ammonium
-nitrate together with 5 or 10 per cent. of charcoal, coal dust, etc.,
-to which mixture was added 10 to 30 per cent. of nitroglycerine to
-make it less difficult to detonate.
-
-=AMMONITE= is a coal-mine explosive of the Favier type, made by
-the Miners’ Safety Explosives Co. The original composition, which
-passed the Woolwich Test was--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 88
- Dinitro-naphthalene 12
-
-To pass the more severe Rotherham Test a number of compositions have
-been made and approved, but some of them have been repealed. Those
-now on the Permitted List are--
-
- Ammonite Ammonite. Ammonite
- No. 1. No. 5.
- _Date of Permit_ 29-8-14 5-11-17 2-8-18
- Ammonium nitrate 74·5 73·5 74·5
- Dinitro-naphthalene -- 5·5 --
- Trinitro-naphthalene -- -- 5
- Trinitro-toluene 5 -- --
- Sodium chloride 20·5 21 20·5
-
- Limit charge 24 18 26 oz.
- Power (swing of
- ballistic pendulum) 2·42 2·44 2·41”
-
-Ammonite No. 1 is used on a considerable scale in coal mines. A
-non-permitted explosive called Ripping Ammonite is also made.
-
-*=AMMONPULVER= is a propellant which was used by the Austrians
-from 1890 to 1896 in guns of various calibres--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 80-90
- Charcoal 10-20
-
-It was superseded by a powder of the ballistite type, but has been
-reintroduced recently by the Germans to replace a part of the charge
-of nitrocellulose powder in their field gun. The advantages claimed
-for it are small erosion of the gun, absence of muzzle flame,
-chemical stability, and cheapness. On the other hand, it gives high
-pressures, and if used by itself requires a gun with a specially
-large chamber; but the most serious objection to it is that on
-keeping, physical changes take place in the pellets, leading to the
-production of very high pressures. It is said that moisture promotes
-these changes. See also Amide Powder.
-
-=AMVIS.=--A coal-mine explosive formerly on the Permitted List--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 90
- Wood meal 5
- Dinitro-benzene }
- Chlorinated naphthalene } 5
-
-=Neu ANAGON.=--A German blasting explosive containing not more
-than 70 per cent. of ammonium nitrate, zinc-aluminium alloy and
-charcoal.
-
-=ANCHORITE.=--A coal-mine explosive of the Favier type, formerly
-on the Permitted List. It was made by Kynoch-Arklow, Ltd.
-
- _Date of Permit_ 13-5-14
- Ammonium nitrate 34·3
- Sodium nitrate 33·3
- Ammonium chloride 20·2
- Trinitro-toluene 12·2
-
- Limit charge 14 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2·73”
-
-=ANILIT.=--A German explosive containing not less than 70 per
-cent. of ammonium nitrate, not more than 5 per cent. of sugar, and
-copper sulphate-aniline or copper oxalate-aniline.
-
-=ANILITE.=--A French liquid explosive of the Sprengel class used
-for aerial bombs.
-
-=ANTIGEL DE SÛRETÉ.=--A Belgian coal-mine explosive--
-
- Nitroglycerine 25
- Sodium nitrate 20
- Dinitro-toluene 15
- Ammonium sulphate 5
- Cellulose }
- Wood meal } 35
-
-The Charge limite is 900 grammes, which is equivalent to 524 grammes
-of dynamite No. 1. The composition is the same as that of Ingélite.
-It is a low-freezing nitroglycerine explosive.
-
-=APHOSITE.=--A coal-mine explosive formerly on the Permitted List--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 60
- Potassium nitrate 29·5
- Charcoal 4
- Wood meal 4
- Sulphur 2·5
-
-*=APYRITE.=--A nitrocellulose smokeless powder formerly made in
-Sweden by the Société Grakrut.
-
-=ARKITE.=--A coal-mine explosive made by Kynoch, Ltd. The
-original composition which passed the Woolwich Test was--
-
- Nitroglycerine 52·5
- Nitrocotton 3·5
- Potassium nitrate 22
- Wood meal 7
- Ammonium oxalate 15
-
-The proportions were modified, and the following passed the
-Rotherham Test, and was on the Permitted List--
-
-ARKITE NO. 2.
-
- _Date of Permit_ 7-4-14
- Nitroglycerine 32
- Nitrocotton 1
- Potassium nitrate 27
- Wood meal 10
- Ammonium oxalate 30
-
- Limit charge 40 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2·41”
-
-It has now been repealed.
-
-=ASTRALIT.=--An ammonium nitrate explosive containing a little
-blasting gelatine, made by the Dynamit A. G. Nobel of Hamburg. It has
-been used largely in Germany for a variety of purposes.
-
-Astralit I and II are defined as consisting of ammonium nitrate,
-charcoal, vegetable meal, not more than 15 per cent. of aromatic
-nitro-bodies not more dangerous than trinitro-toluene, not more than
-4 per cent. of blasting gelatine; also paraffin oil.
-
-Astralit IV consists of ammonium nitrate, not more than 10 per cent.
-of aromatic nitro-bodies not more dangerous than dinitro-naphthalene,
-vegetable meal, and not more than 4 per cent. of blasting gelatine.
-
-Astralit V, which has been introduced recently, contains up to
-10 per cent. of potassium perchlorate in addition to ammonium
-nitrate, also vegetable meal, not more than 16 per cent. of aromatic
-nitro-compounds, and not more than 4 per cent. of nitroglycerine.
-
-Gelatine-Astralit is a gelatinised or powdery mixture of the nitrates
-of ammonium and sodium (or potassium), not more than 50 per cent. of
-dinitro-chlorhydrin, not more than 5 per cent. of nitroglycerine, not
-more than 2 per cent. of collodion cotton, vegetable meal, aromatic
-nitro-bodies such as nitro-toluenes or nitro-naphthalenes, but not
-more than 4 per cent. of trinitro-toluene; also hydrocarbons.
-
-Wetter-Astralit is a coal-mine explosive, and differs from Astralit
-in that part of the ammonium nitrate is replaced by sodium chloride.
-
-Wetter-Gelatine-Astralit is also a coal-mine explosive, and differs
-from Gelatine-Astralit in that it contains also fatty oils and
-neutral salts, such as potassium chloride, sodium chloride or an
-oxalate.
-
-The following percentage compositions have been given--
-
- Astralit. Wetter-
- Astralit.
- Nitroglycerine 4 4
- Ammonium nitrate 84·5 74·5
- Trinitro-toluene 7 7
- Wood meal 1 1
- Charcoal 1 1
- Paraffin oil 2·5 2·5
- Sodium chloride -- 10
-
- Gelatine-
- Wetter-
- Astralit.
- Nitroglycerine 4
- Dinitro-chlorhydrin 16
- Nitrocotton 0·5
- Ammonium nitrate 40
- Sodium nitrate 7·5
- Dinitro-toluene 4
- Nitro-toluene 1
- Wood meal 0·5
- Potato meal 8
- Rape oil 2
- Ammonium oxalate 2·5
- Sodium chloride 14
-
-Explosives of the Astralit type have also been used extensively
-by the Germans for filling trench howitzer shell and similar
-projectiles. The following is approximately the composition used for
-this purpose--
-
- Nitroglycerine 3
- Nitrocotton 0·5
- Ammonium nitrate 77
- Trinitro-toluene 16
- Wood meal 3·5
-
-This explosive was authorised in England under the name of Australite.
-
-=ATLAS POWDER.=--A brand of American straight dynamite.
-
-=AUSTRALITE.= See =ASTRALIT=.
-
-*=AXITE.= A smokeless powder made by Kynoch, Ltd., and used for
-sporting rifles. It is a sort of Cordite MD, with a little of the
-guncotton replaced by potassium nitrate, and is in the form of flat
-strips. A sample had the composition--
-
- Nitroglycerine 29·7
- Guncotton 63·1
- Potassium nitrate 1·9
- Mineral jelly 5·1
- Volatile matter 0·2
-
-*=B.=--Poudre B is the French service propellant. It consists
-of nitrocotton gelatinised with ether-alcohol, in which it is partly
-soluble. A little diphenylamine is added to increase the stability.
-Formerly, various other additions have been made. A letter or letters
-are added to show the size of the powder and the purpose for which it
-is used--
-
- Poudre BF for rifles (from _f_usil).
- BNF a later powder for rifles (from _n_ouveau).
- BC for field guns (from _c_ampagne).
- BSP for siege howitzers (from _s_iège et _p_lace).
- BGC for larger military guns (from _g_ros _c_alibre).
- BM for naval ordnance (from _m_arine); a figure is
- added to show the size.
-
-Further letters and figures are added to show other particulars about
-the powder; D_2 means 2 per cent. of diphenylamine has been added
-as a stabiliser, or AM_8, 8 per cent. of amyl alcohol. The place
-and date of manufacture are similarly indicated.
-
-=BAELENITE.=--A Belgian mining explosive--
-
- I. II.
- Ammonium nitrate 85 95
- Trinitro-toluene 15 5
-
- Charge limite 0 75
-
-It is authorised for manufacture in, or importation into the United
-Kingdom.
-
-*=BALLISTITE.=--One of the first military smokeless
-powders, invented by Nobel. It consisted of about equal parts of
-nitroglycerine and soluble nitrocotton incorporated together under
-water, then passed repeatedly through rolls and cut into flakes. It
-was adopted by a number of Continental powers, but in consequence
-of the severe erosion of the guns which it caused, it has been
-modified or abandoned. The percentage of nitroglycerine is reduced,
-and consequently it is necessary to use a solvent such as acetone. A
-little mineral jelly or other stabiliser is sometimes added.
-
-=BARATOL.=--A mixture of barium nitrate and trinitro-toluene.
-
-=BARBARIT.=--A German chlorate explosive made at the
-Sprengstoff-fabriken Kriewald bei Gleinitz.
-
- Potassium chlorate 90-92
- High-boiling petroleum 8-10
-
-The petroleum has a flash point not below 105° C., and commences
-to boil not below 242°.
-
-Gelatine-Barbarit has the composition--
-
- Potassium chlorate 80
- Trinitro-toluene 10
- Liquid mono- and dinitro-toluenes gelatinised }
- with 5 per cent. collodion cotton } 10
-
-=BARKING POWDER.=--A mixture of ammonium perchlorate and
-nitrated naphthalene, formerly used in coal mines.
-
-=BAUTZENER SICHERHEITSPULVER.=--A German coal-mine explosive
-containing not less than 70 per cent. of ammonium nitrate, barium
-nitrate, and not more than 15 per cent. of trinitro-toluene.
-
-=BAVARIT.=--A German coal-mine explosive similar to Grisounite.
-It contains 90 per cent. of ammonium nitrate together with nitrated
-naphthalene; charcoal may be added.
-
-=BELLITE= is essentially a mixture of ammonium nitrate and
-metadinitro-benzene. It has been used extensively as a coal-mine
-explosive, and was patented by C. Lamm of Stockholm in 1885. Two
-varieties passed the Woolwich Test and were on the old Permitted
-List--
-
- No. 1. No. 3.
- Ammonium nitrate 83·5 93·5
- Dinitro-benzene 16·5 6·5
-
-No. 1 contains just enough oxygen for complete combustion, and No.
-3 contains a large excess of oxygen. To enable the explosive to
-pass the Rotherham Test sodium chloride has been added. There were
-four varieties on the present Permitted List, but all except the
-following, No. 1, have been repealed--
-
- No. 1.
- _Date of Permit_ 3-2-16
- Ammonium nitrate 63·5
- Dinitro-benzene 15
- Sodium chloride 16·5
- Starch 5
-
- Limit charge 20
- Power (swing of ballistic
- pendulum) 2·74
-
-=BENTAL COAL POWDER.=--An American coal-mine explosive on the
-Permissible List. It is an ammonium nitrate explosive.
-
-=BITUMINITE.=--There are several coal-mine explosives of this
-name on the American Permissible List. Nos. 1, 3, 4 and 8 L.F. are
-nitroglycerine explosives. No. 5 is an ammonium nitrate explosive.
-
-=BLACK DIAMOND.=--There are several coal-mine explosives of this
-name on the American Permissible List. Nos. 2A, 3A and 6 L.F. are
-nitroglycerine explosives, whereas Nos. 5, 7 and 8 are ammonium
-nitrate explosives.
-
-=BLACK POWDER= is a name for ordinary gunpowder, a mixture of
-potassium nitrate, sulphur and charcoal.
-
-=BLASTINE= is a high explosive having approximately the
-composition--
-
- Ammonium perchlorate 60
- Sodium nitrate 23
- Dinitro-toluene 11
- Paraffin wax 6
-
-As the sodium nitrate in the above is not equivalent to the ammonium
-perchlorate, part of the chlorine is given off in the form of the
-poisonous gas, hydrogen chloride (hydrochloric acid).
-
-=BLASTING GELATINE.=--Nitroglycerine, stiffened by having
-collodion cotton dissolved in it. Discovered by Nobel in 1875. It
-contains about--
-
- Nitroglycerine 93
- Collodion cotton 7
-
-and also often a fraction of a percentage of calcium or magnesium
-carbonate to increase its stability. This is the most powerful of all
-the explosives in common use.
-
-=BOBBINITE.=--The only explosive of the gunpowder class the
-use of which is permitted in coal mines in England. In most foreign
-countries explosives of this class are not allowed to be used in them
-at all. The permission is only temporary, but has been extended to
-the end of 1920, and is restricted to mines that are not gassy or
-dangerous from coal dust. There are two definitions, but the second
-is the one that is generally manufactured apparently--
-
- First. Second.
- Potassium nitrate 63·5 65
- Charcoal 18·5 20
- Sulphur 2 2
- Sulphates of ammonium and copper 15 --
- Rice or maize starch -- 9
- Paraffin wax -- 3
- Moisture 1 1
-
-More than a million pounds of this explosive are used in coal mines
-every year. It shatters the coal less than high explosives do.
-
-=BOMLIT.=--A German potassium perchlorate blasting explosive
-made by Wolff et Cie. at Walsrode. It contains also ammonium nitrate,
-trinitro-toluene and guncotton. Other ingredients that may be present
-are potassium and sodium nitrates, starch meal, vaseline, naphthalene
-and other hydrocarbons, charcoal and castor oil.
-
-=BRITONITE.=--A coal-mine explosive of the Carbonite type, made
-by the British Explosives Syndicate, Ltd., Pitsea. The original
-composition passed the Woolwich Test and was on the list of Permitted
-Explosives, but on the introduction of the Rotherham Test it became
-necessary to add ammonium oxalate or sodium chloride. Nos. 2 and 3
-were on the Permitted List, but have now been repealed.
-
- No. 2. No. 3.
- _Date of Permit_ 1-9-13 28-1-15
- Nitroglycerine 26 24 24·5
- Sodium nitrate -- -- 28
- Potassium nitrate 32·7 30 --
- Wood meal 41 38 35·5
- Sodium carbonate 0·3 -- --
- Ammonium oxalate -- 8 --
- Sodium chloride -- -- 12
-
- Limit charge -- 24 24 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic
- pendulum) -- 2·26 2·17”
-
-=BROWN POWDER.= See =COCOA POWDER=.
-
-=BRUGÈRE’S POWDER= consisted of--
-
- Ammonium picrate 54
- Potassium nitrate 46
-
-It was stated to give good results in the Chassepôt rifle, but
-picrate mixtures are liable to detonate, and are therefore dangerous
-to use as propellants.
-
-=BULL DOG= Gunpowder Pellets were used in coal mines. They
-contained the same constituents as Bobbinite, which superseded them,
-but in different proportions.
-
-Explosifs =C= were mixtures of ammonium cresylate with ammonium
-or sodium nitrate. They were made in France at one time, but their
-manufacture was dropped, as they were more expensive to make than
-Grisounite, and no more powerful.
-
-=CAHUECIT.=--This was invented in the ’seventies of the last
-century by R. Cahuc, and was manufactured at Dartford in Kent under
-the name of Safety Blasting Powder or Carboazotine. It is still made
-in Germany. The ingredients are--
-
- English. German.
- Potassium nitrate 64 70
- Sulphur flowers 12 12
- Lampblack or soot 7 8
- Bark or wood pulp 17 10
-
-to which are added a few per cent. of sulphate of iron. The
-incorporation is carried out with the assistance of a considerable
-quantity of water, which is afterwards evaporated off. The mixing is
-not very thorough. The explosive is a comparatively mild one, but
-is used sometimes for blasting basalt. In the German explosive the
-potassium nitrate may be replaced by the corresponding sodium salt.
-
-=AMMONCAHUECIT.=--In this explosive the potassium nitrate is
-replaced mainly or wholly by ammonium nitrate, and it contains not
-more than 15 per cent. of trinitro-toluene or trinitro-naphthalene or
-other nitro-body.
-
-The brand labelled “Fram” contains ammonium nitrate, not more than 25
-per cent. of trinitro-toluene gelatinised with 4 per cent. collodion
-cotton, wood meal or other vegetable meal and neutral stable salts.
-The brand “Indra” is similar, except that it contains also not
-more than 10 per cent. potassium nitrate, and the percentage of
-trinitro-toluene may be raised to 20.
-
-=CAMBRITE= is a coal-mine explosive of the Carbonite type made
-by Nobels at Ardeer. It consists practically of Nobel Carbonite, to
-which 8 per cent. of a cooling agent has been added. Unlike most of
-the explosives on the old Permitted List, it passed the Rotherham
-Test with practically no alteration--
-
- Cambrite. No. 2.
- _Date of Permit_ 1-9-13 1-4-15
-
- Nitroglycerine 23 23
- Barium nitrate 4 4
- Potassium nitrate 27·5 27·5
- Wood meal 37·2 37
- Calcium carbonate 0·3 0·5
- Ammonium oxalate 8 --
- Potassium chloride -- 8
-
- Limit charge 30 24 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic
- pendulum) 1·98 2·00”
-
-Only No. 2 is now on the Permitted List.
-
-=CAMERON MINE POWDER.=--There are a number of coal-mine explosives
-of this name on the American Permissible List. Nos. 1A, 2A and 2A
-LF are ammonium nitrate explosives, whereas Nos. 3A and 5A are
-nitroglycerine explosives.
-
-=*CANNONITE= was a smokeless powder made by a firm called the
-War and Sporting Smokeless Powder Syndicate, Ltd. It consisted
-of about 86 per cent. of nitrocellulose mostly insoluble in
-ether-alcohol, and a few per cent. of barium nitrate, together
-with small quantities of some of the following: potassium nitrate,
-charcoal, lampblack, vaseline, rosin, stearine, dinitro-benzene,
-trinitro-toluene, potassium ferro-cyanide, graphite. For shot-guns
-the powder was of the forty-two grain type, dense and gelatinised.
-The rifle powder was colloidal. These powders were made in the
-’nineties of the last century.
-
-=CARBITE D’ABLON= is a sort of Carbonite made in France--
-
- Nitroglycerine 26
- Potassium nitrate 33
- Wood meal or flour 41
-
-=CARBOAZOTINE.= See =CAHUECIT=.
-
-=CARBO-DYNAMITE= was an explosive patented by W. D. Borland.
-It differed from ordinary dynamite in that the nitroglycerine was
-absorbed in cork charcoal instead of kieselguhr. One part of the
-charcoal sufficed to absorb nine parts of nitroglycerine.
-
-=CARBONITE= (or Karbonit) was one of the earliest and one of
-the most successful coal-mine explosives. It was first made by
-Bichel and Schmidt at Schlebusch in Germany in 1885, and after some
-modifications gave satisfactory results at the Neunkirchen testing
-station in 1887. It contains about 26 per cent. of nitroglycerine,
-33 per cent. of a nitrate, and 40 per cent. of wood meal or starch
-flour, and small quantities of other substances. Nobel Carbonite
-passed the Woolwich Test and had the composition--
-
- Nitroglycerine 26
- Barium nitrate 4
- Potassium nitrate 29
- Wood meal 40·5
- “Sulphuretted benzol” 0·25
- Sodium and calcium carbonates 0·25
-
-The Carbonite made at the works of the Carbonite Syndicate at
-Schlebusch, and imported into Great Britain, was practically the
-same as this, but they also made another explosive which passed
-the Woolwich Test, and contained 35 per cent. of nitroglycerine
-gelatinised with nitrocotton, and smaller proportions of nitrates
-and wood meal than are given above: this was called Extra-Carbonite.
-They have also made explosives to numerous modifications of this
-formula for use on the Continent. The essential feature of all of
-them is that they contain so much of the combustible constituents,
-such as wood meal, that most of the carbon appears in the products
-of explosion as carbon monoxide, and the temperature of the gases is
-consequently low.
-
-Nobels at Ardeer also made a low freezing explosive in
-which part of the nitroglycerine was replaced by a nitro-compound.
-This was called Arctic Carbonite--
-
- Nitroglycerine 15·5
- Nitro-hydrocarbon 10·5
- Potassium nitrate 42
- Wood meal 31·7
- Calcium carbonate 0·3
-
-Various manufacturers have made explosives of the type of Carbonite
-and placed them on the market under different names, such as Tutol,
-Kolax, Kohlen-Carbonite, Minite and Colinite. These, however, do not
-pass the Rotherham Test for Permitted Explosives, unless ammonium
-oxalate or other cooling agent be added, as in the case of Cambrite,
-Super-Kolax and Britonite No. 2.
-
-On the Continent, explosives similar to Arctic Carbonite have been
-produced under the names Antigel de Sûreté and Ingélite.
-
-There are several Carbonites on the American Permissible List. Of
-these Nos. 1 to 4 are in order of diminishing violence: Nos. 5 and
-6 are low freezing varieties. There are also a number of other
-explosives of the Carbonite type on the List.
-
-Ammonkarbonit is a German coal-mine explosive, containing about 80
-per cent. of ammonium nitrate and 4 per cent. of blasting gelatine,
-together with 5 or 10 per cent. of potassium nitrate, and a
-combustible such as flour, starch or coal dust. Sodium or potassium
-chloride may be added as a cooling agent. It has been used for
-blasting clay.
-
-Gelatine-Karbonit is a Carbonite containing ammonium nitrate, and a
-considerable proportion of nitroglycerine gelatinised with collodion
-cotton.
-
-Halokarbonit is similar to Ammonkarbonit, except that a considerable
-proportion of the ammonium nitrate is replaced by other nitrates.
-
-=CARLSONITE= was the first ammonium perchlorate explosive
-submitted to H.M. Inspectors of Explosives. It was proposed in 1898
-by Carlson of Stockholm, and some of the mixtures were reported on
-favourably, but no licence was ever taken out in the United Kingdom
-for this explosive.
-
-=C.E.= (Composition Exploding) is the same as Tetryl.
-
-=CELTITE= was a coal-mine explosive made by Dr. R. Nahnsen &
-Co., Hamburg, and formerly permitted for use in British coal mines,
-having passed the Woolwich Test.
-
- Nitroglycerine 57
- Nitrocotton 3
- Potassium nitrate 19
- Wood meal 9
- Ammonium oxalate 12
-
-It was also called Zeltit.
-
-=*CENTRALITE= is not an explosive, but is a name given
-to a substance which has been used to modify the surface of
-smokeless powder, and make it burn progressively. The substance is
-dimethyl-diphenyl-urea. (See Brit. Pat. 29,882 of 1909.) It acts also
-as a stabiliser.
-
-=CHEDDITE= is a chlorate explosive which has been rendered less
-sensitive by having the particles of chlorate coated with castor oil
-or paraffin wax. It is manufactured by the French Government at the
-Vonges Powder Works, and has also been made in other countries. The
-two types that have been most used in France are--
-
- O2 or No. 4. O5 or No. 1.
- Potassium chlorate 79 --
- Sodium chlorate -- 79
- Castor oil 5 5
- Mononitro-naphthalene 1 --
- Dinitro-toluene 15 16
-
-=*CHEESA STICKS= are sticks of cordite coated with powdered
-ammonium oxalate and shellac. They are used in South Africa as
-fuses for blasting charges. They are authorised in England only for
-manufacture and immediate export.
-
-=*CHILWORTH SMOKELESS POWDER.= See =C.S.P.=
-
-=*CHILWORTH SPECIAL POWDER.= See =AMIDE POWDER=.
-
-=CHLORATIT= is an Austrian explosive, which was permitted for
-use in coal mines during the War.
-
-=CHLORATZIT.=--A German explosive containing potassium chlorate or
-perchlorate, aromatic nitro-bodies, resins and carbohydrates. For use
-in coal mines neutral salts are added as cooling agents, and the name
-then has =WETTER= or =KOHLEN= prefixed to it.
-
-=CHROMAMONIT= was a coal-mine explosive formerly made in Germany--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 63·25
- Potassium nitrate 17·5
- Collodion cotton 9·25
- Chromium ammonium alum 9·5
- Vaseline 0·5
-
-=*CLERMONITE.=--A Belgian shot-gun powder made by the Cooppal
-Co. It is a 40-grain fibrous powder of the bulk type and coloured
-green.
-
-=CLIFFITE= was a coal-mine explosive made by Curtis’s and
-Harvey, and formerly on the Permitted List--
-
- Nitroglycerine 47
- Collodion cotton 3
- Starch 50
-
-=SUPER-CLIFFITE= differs considerably from this. There are two
-formulæ which have passed the Rotherham Test, but only No. 2 is still
-on the Permitted List--
-
- No. 1. No. 2.
- _Date of Permit_ 21-9-16 21-9-16
-
- Nitroglycerine 9·5 9·5
- Collodion cotton 0·5 0·5
- Ammonium nitrate 59 59·5
- Wood meal 6 6
- Sodium chloride 15 19·5
- Ammonium oxalate 10 5
-
- Limit charge 26 30 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic
- pendulum) 2·53 2·53”
-
-=CLYDITE= was a coal-mine explosive formerly made by Nobels at
-Ardeer. It was similar to Nobel Carbonite, but the potassium nitrate
-was replaced by the barium salt, and it might contain up to 8 per
-cent. of ammonium oxalate.
-
-=COALITE.=--There is a series of coal-mine explosives of this
-name on the American Permissible List. Varieties X, 3X, and 3XC
-are ammonium nitrate explosives; whereas 1, 2D, 2DL and 2MLF are
-nitroglycerine explosives.
-
-=COAL SPECIAL= are American coal-mine explosives on the
-Permissible List. They are all nitroglycerine explosives.
-
-=COCOA POWDER= or Brown Powder was a variety of gunpowder made
-with a brown charcoal prepared from straw--
-
- Potassium nitrate 79
- Sulphur 3
- Straw charcoal 18
-
-It was compressed to a density of 1·8 into prisms or grains of
-considerable size, and was used in guns of large calibre. E.X.E. and
-S.B.C. were special varieties of this.
-
-=COLINIT ANTIGRISOUTEUSE.=--A Belgian coal-mine explosive of the
-Carbonite type. The ordinary formula is practically the same as that
-of Kohlencarbonite and Minerite. Type B consists of--
-
- Blasting gelatine 26
- Potassium perchlorate 6
- Ammonium nitrate 20
- Trinitro-toluene 12
- Rye flour and cellulose 29
- Magnesium sulphate 7
-
-=COLLIER POWDER.=--There are a number of coal-mine explosives
-of this name on the American Permissible List. Varieties BNF, KN,
-X, XLF, 5, 5LF, 5 Special, 9, 11, and 11LF are ammonium nitrate
-explosives whereas 2 and 6LF are nitroglycerine explosives.
-
-=COLLODION COTTON= is a variety of nitrocotton of low nitration,
-almost completely soluble in a mixture of ether and alcohol. It
-contains not more than 12·3 per cent. of nitrogen. It also dissolves
-in nitroglycerine and liquid nitro-compounds, rendering them
-gelatinous and so preventing their exudation.
-
-=*COOPPAL’S POWDER.=--A Belgian smokeless shot-gun powder.
-Formerly it was much the same as Schultze Powder, consisting of
-nitrolignin carefully purified, and mixed with nitrates with or
-without the addition of starch. The following analyses were published
-in “Arms and Explosives” for July 1917--
-
- No. 1. No. 2.
- 1892. 1900.
- Fibrous Gelatinised
- 42-grain 30-grain
- bulk. dense.
-
- Nitrocellulose, insoluble 13·0 71·1
- ” soluble 60·5 20·1
- Metallic nitrates 21·3 2·0
- Shellac 3·2 --
- Nitro-hydrocarbons -- 5·5
- Moisture 2·0 1·3
-
-=CORDITE= is the principal smokeless powder of the British
-Services. It was originally adopted in 1888, and is made by mixing
-nitroglycerine with guncotton and mineral jelly (a sort of crude
-vaseline), and incorporating them together with the aid of acetone,
-which gelatinises the guncotton. In consequence of the severe erosion
-of the guns experienced during the South African War the proportions
-were altered, some of the nitroglycerine being replaced by guncotton.
-The propellant thus “modified” is called Cordite M.D., whereas that
-of the original composition is Cordite Mk.I. Both are still in use,
-especially M.D.--
-
- Mk. I. M.D.
-
- Guncotton 37 65
- Nitroglycerine 58 30
- Mineral jelly 5 5
-
-During the great European War a further variety was introduced to
-extend the basis of supply of solvents. This is called Cordite R.D.B.
-(Research Department B), and contains a nitrocotton of comparatively
-low nitration that can be gelatinised by means of a mixture of ether
-and alcohol--
-
- Nitrocotton 52
- Nitroglycerine 42
- Mineral jelly 6
-
-It is designed to give about the same ballistics as Cordite M.D. A
-further letter is sometimes added to show the form of the powder.
-Thus Cordite M.D.T. is M.D. pressed into tubes; S. stands for strip.
-The size is indicated by a numeral, which shows the diameter in
-hundredths of an inch of the die through which it has been pressed.
-In the case of tubular powder both the external and internal
-diameters are given approximately: _e. g._ Cordite M.D.T. 5-2.
-
-Poudre blanche =CORNIL=.--A Belgian coal-mine explosive
-containing ammonium nitrate, potassium or sodium nitrate,
-dinitro-naphthalene and lead chromate, with or without the addition
-of ammonium chloride.
-
-=CORNISH POWDER.=--A coal-mine explosive which passed the
-Woolwich Test and was formerly on the Permitted List, made by the
-National Explosives Co., Ltd.--
-
- Nitroglycerine 55
- Nitrocotton 3
- Potassium nitrate 18
- Wood meal 7
- Magnesium sulphate 17
-
-=CORONITE= was a coal-mine explosive of the Carbonite type,
-which was on the Permitted List at one time. It had also been called
-Permittite.
-
-Picric acid has been called by this name in Sweden.
-
-See also =KORONIT=.
-
-=COSILIT.=--A German coal-mine explosive of the Carbonite type
-made by Nahnsen. A published analysis gives its composition as--
-
- Nitroglycerine 30
- Sodium nitrate 22·3
- Vegetable meal 40·5
- Sodium chloride 7·2
-
-=COTTON POWDER.= See =TONITE=, also =CP=.
-
-=CP_1= and =CP_2= are varieties of nitrocotton (Coton Poudre) made
-in France, principally for the manufacture of Poudre B and other
-smokeless powders. CP_1 is a guncotton containing about 13 per
-cent. of nitrogen, and only about 10 per cent. of matter soluble in
-ether-alcohol. CP_2 is almost completely soluble in ether-alcohol,
-and contains about 12 per cent. of nitrogen.
-
-=CRÉSYLITE.=--A French high explosive used for filling shell and
-other military purposes. Crésylite 60/40 consists of picric acid and
-nitrated cresol in about the proportions of 40 of the former to 60
-of the latter. It melts below the temperature of boiling water. The
-nitrated cresol consists largely of trinitro-metacresol.
-
-Crésylite No. 2 is simply crude trinitro-meta-cresol.
-
-=CRONITE= is an American coal-mine explosive. There are two
-varieties on the Permissible List, Nos. 1 and 5, both of which are
-ammonium nitrate explosives.
-
-=*CRYSTAL= is a smokeless shot-gun powder made by Curtis’s and
-Harvey. It is a non-solvent powder for cheap loading, and the charge
-is thirty-three grains.
-
-=C.S.P.^2= (Chilworth Smokeless Powder, No. 2) is a modification
-of Cordite, containing a little sodium bicarbonate as a stabiliser.
-It is stated to have been adopted by the Brazilian navy (see
-“Engineering” for August 18, 1911, p. 237) and other powers.
-
-=CUGNITE.=--A French blasting explosive manufactured by the
-Société Française des Explosifs--
-
- Nitroglycerine 27
- Nitrocotton 0·7
- Ammonium nitrate 30
- Sodium nitrate 30
- Wood meal 11
- Barium sulphate 1·3
-
-=CURTISITE.=--A coal-mine explosive of the Grisounite class made
-by Curtis’s and Harvey. It was formerly on the Permitted List--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 88
- Trinitro-toluene 8
- Mononitro-naphthalene 4
-
-=SUPER-CURTISITE= was a modification of the above to enable it
-to pass the Rotherham Test--
-
- _Date of Permit_ 7-4-14
-
- Ammonium nitrate 38·5
- Potassium nitrate 29·5
- Trinitro-toluene 10
- Ammonium chloride 22
-
- Limit charge 16 oz.
- Power (swing of
- ballistic pendulum) 2·71”
-
-The permit has been repealed.
-
-=DAHMENITE= is an ammonium nitrate explosive which has been used
-to a considerable extent in Germany. One variety known as Dahmenite
-A, made by De Gezamenlijke Buskruidmakers van Noord-Holland, was
-formerly on the British Permitted List for use in dangerous coal
-mines--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 92·5
- Naphthalene 5·5
- Potassium bichromate 2
-
-Ordinary Dahmenite contains up to 15 per cent. of potassium nitrate
-instead of bichromate, and has been used for blasting clay. Some
-varieties contain curcuma meal and other constituents. The following
-are some examples--
-
- Gesteins-
- Dahmenit. No. 76.
-
- Ammonium nitrate 84·5 71·5
- Potassium bichromate 2·5 0·5
- Curcuma meal 12 6·25
- Dinitro-benzene 1 --
- Trinitro-toluene -- 12
- Sodium chloride -- 9·75
-
- Gelatine
- Dahmenit.
-
- Ammonium nitrate 82
- Sodium nitrate 5·5
- Potassium nitrate 2
- Dinitro-glycerine 27·4
- Nitrocotton 0·6
- Naphthalene 0·5
- Trinitro-toluene 4·5
- Alkali chloride 27·5
-
- Neu-Dahmenit.
- B
- Ammonium nitrate 68 65
- Potassium nitrate 2 2
- Vegetable meal 2·5 0·5
- Coke 2 7
- Trinitro-toluene 10 8
- Alkali chloride 15·5 17·5
-
-=DENABY POWDER.=--There was formerly a blasting explosive
-of this name, consisting of a compressed mixture of Securite and
-charcoal--
-
- Potassium and barium nitrates 73·2
- Dinitro-benzene 21·5
- Nitrocotton and charcoal 5·1
- Moisture 0·2
-
-In 1914 a coal-mine explosive was introduced under the
-same name and passed the Rotherham Test--
-
- _Date of Permit_ 13-5-14
-
- Ammonium nitrate 34
- Potassium nitrate 33·5
- Trinitro-toluene 13
- Ammonium chloride 19·5
-
- Limit charge 18 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic
- pendulum) 2·74”
-
-It is made by British Westfalite, Ltd.
-
-=DENSITE.=--A Belgian blasting explosive containing one or more
-of the following nitrates: ammonium, strontium, sodium, potassium;
-also trinitro-toluene, and sometimes dinitro-toluene and ammonium
-chloride. This explosive is practically the same as Nitralite.
-Varieties have been made for use in coal mines.
-
-See also Nitro-densite.
-
-=DETONIT V.=--A German coal-mine explosive containing ammonium
-nitrate, charcoal, vegetable meal, neutral salts, and not more than 4
-per cent. of blasting gelatine.
-
-=DETONITE SPECIAL= is an American coal-mine explosive on the
-Permissible List. It contains ammonium nitrate.
-
-=DOMINITE.=--A coal-mine explosive made by the Westphalia Anhalt
-Explosives Co. in Germany, and formerly on the British Permitted
-List--
-
- Nitroglycerine 59·3
- Nitrocotton 4
- Paraffin oil 0·7
- Ammonium oxalate 8·5
- Potassium nitrate 18·5
- Potassium chloride 4
- Wood meal 5
-
-=DOMINIT XI.=--A German blasting explosive containing ammonium
-nitrate, dinitro-toluene, glycerine, and not more than 4 per cent. of
-blasting gelatine.
-
-=DOMINIT XVIII=, which has been introduced recently, contains up
-to 10 per cent. of potassium perchlorate, and is practically the same
-as Astralit V.
-
-=DONARIT= is a German blasting explosive of the Grisoutine
-type made by the Carbonite Co. of Hamburg. As a standard for the
-sensitiveness of ammonium nitrate explosives, the Imperial German
-Railway Commission use Donarit of the composition--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 80
- Trinitro-toluene 12
- Rye flour 4
- Nitroglycerine 4
-and this may be taken as the usual composition of the explosive, but
-the nitroglycerine is sometimes gelatinised with collodion cotton.
-
-=DONARIT A= contains up to 16 per cent. of aluminium powder and
-no nitroglycerine.
-
-=DONARIT V=, which has been introduced recently, contains up to
-10 per cent. of potassium perchlorate, and is practically the same as
-Astralit V.
-
-Wetter-Donarit contains also sodium chloride or other cooling agent.
-
-Gelatine-Donarit contains up to 20 per cent. of dinitro-chlorhydrin
-gelatinised with collodion cotton, in addition to the constituents of
-Donarit, and may also contain sodium nitrate.
-
-=DORFIT= is a German coal-mine explosive made by the
-firm of Allendorf--
-
- I. II. Gesteins.
-
- Ammonium nitrate 65 61 66
- Potassium nitrate 5 5 5
- Trinitro-toluene 6 15 15
- Flour 4 4 4
- Sodium chloride 20 15 10
-
-=ALDORFIT= is a simpler mixture intended for use where
-there is no danger of fire-damp--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 81
- Trinitro-toluene 17
- Flour 2
-
-It is authorised in Great Britain.
-
-=PERDORFIT= contains not more than 52 per cent. of potassium
-perchlorate, sodium and ammonium nitrates, not more than 29 per cent.
-of trinitro-toluene and vegetable meal or gums.
-
-=DRAGONITE.=--A coal-mine explosive made by Curtis’s and Harvey,
-formerly on the Permitted List--
-
- Nitroglycerine 35·5
- Nitrocotton 2·5
- Potassium nitrate 44·5
- Vaseline 5·5
- Wood meal and charcoal 12
-
-=DREADNOUGHT POWDER.=--A coal-mine explosive made by Roburite
-and Ammonal, Ltd., for a time on the Permitted List--
-
- _Date of Permit_ 1-9-13
-
- Ammonium nitrate 75·4
- Trinitro-toluene 4
- Ammonium chloride 5
- Sodium chloride 15·5
- Red oil 0·1
-
- Limit charge 32 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic
- pendulum) 2·05”
-
-There is also Quarry Dreadnought Powder, which is not a permitted
-explosive.
-
-=DUNNITE.=--A high explosive used by the United States for
-filling shell. It is stated to give dangerous compounds with iron, so
-apparently is a compound of picric acid.
-
-=DU PONT PERMISSIBLE.=--An American coal-mine explosive. The
-following is on the British Permitted List--
-
- No. 1.
- _Date of Permit_ 26-4-16
-
- Nitroglycerine 9·5
- Ammonium nitrate 67·5
- Wood pulp 8
- Sodium chloride 15
-
- Limit charge 18 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic
- pendulum) 2·82”
-
-=*DU PONT SMOKELESS POWDER.=--An American shot-gun powder of the
-fibrous 36-grain bulk type--
-
- Soluble nitro-cellulose 95·8
- Metallic nitrates 2·2
- Moisture 2·0
-
-=DUXITE.=--A coal-mine explosive made by the Westphalia Anhalt
-Explosives Co. It passed the Rotherham Test, and was for a time on
-the British Permitted List--
-
- Nitroglycerine 32
- Nitrocotton 1
- Sodium nitrate 28
- Wood meal 10
- Ammonium oxalate 29
-
- Limit charge 12 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2·45”
-
-Sicherheits Gallerte-=DYNAMIT=.--A German coal-mine explosive--
-
- Nitroglycerine 32·25
- Collodion cotton 1·25
- Ammonium nitrate 22·6
- Sodium nitrate 10·8
- Vegetable meal 18
- Potassium chloride 5·5
- Gelatine 1·05
- Dextrin 1·05
- Glycerine 4·3
- Moisture 3·2
-
- Limit charge 50 g.
-
-Wettersicheres Gelatine-=DYNAMIT=.--A German coal-mine
-explosive--
-
- I. I_a_.
- Nitroglycerine 40 38
- Collodion cotton 1 1
- Ammonium nitrate 27 25·5
- Potassium nitrate 4 5
- Ammonium oxalate -- 2·5
- Rye flour 10 4
- Liquid hydrocarbons 3·5 14
- Fatty acid salt 12·5 10
- Wood meal 2 --
-
- Limit charge 50 100 g.
-
-=DYNAMITE= is a name that has been given to various
-nitroglycerine explosives. Dynamite No. 1 consists of--
-
- Nitroglycerine 75
- Kieselguhr 25
-
-the explosive being held in the pores of the kieselguhr. In other
-dynamites the nitroglycerine is absorbed in a material like wood
-meal, and a nitrate is added to oxidise the latter on explosion.
-
-In Gelatine Dynamite the nitroglycerine is gelatinised with collodion
-cotton. See under Gelatine.
-
-American Dynamites are not generally gelatinised with collodion
-cotton. They are made in a number of grades, depending on the
-percentage of nitroglycerine.
-
-For further details about various dynamites, see textbooks on
-explosives.
-
-=DYNAMITE ANTIGRISOUTEUSE.=--Belgian coal-mine explosive made at
-Baelen Wezel--
-
- IV. V.
- Nitroglycerine 24 Nitroglycerine 44
- Collodion cotton 1 Sodium sulphate 44
- Ammonium nitrate 75 Wood meal 12
-
-Of the above, IV. was found only to be safe in very small charges
-in the presence of fire-damp. No. V. has a “charge limite” of 700
-grammes.
-
-=DYNAMMON.=--The coal-mine explosive provided by the Austrian
-State monopoly--
-
- Dynammon. Wetter-Dynammon.
- Ammonium nitrate 87-88 94
- Potassium nitrate -- 2
- Red charcoal 12-13 4
- Density 0·9 0·85
-
-=DYNOBEL.=--A coal-mine explosive made by Nobels. The first
-formula to pass the Rotherham Test contained potassium perchlorate--
-
- _Date of Permit_ 1-9-13
- Nitroglycerine 33
- Collodion cotton 0·7
- Potassium perchlorate 27
- Wood meal 10·3
- Ammonium oxalate 29
-
- Limit charge 22 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2·61”
-
-Subsequently other formulæ of somewhat different composition
-passed the test--
-
- No. 2. No. 3. No. 4.
- _Date of Permit_ 16-8-15 14-4-16 14-4-16
- Nitroglycerine 19·5 15 15
- Collodion cotton 0·5 0·5 0·5
- Trinitro-toluene}
- Dinitro-toluene } together 2 1·5 3
- Dinitro-benzene }
- Ammonium nitrate 42 52 46
- Wood meal 5·5 5·5 5·5
- Sodium chloride 30 25 29·5
- Magnesium carbonate 0·5 0·5 0·5
-
- Limit charge 24 18 30 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2·46 2·50 2·35”
-
-Of these only Nos. 3 and 4 are still permitted.
-
-=*E.C. POWDER= was one of the first smokeless shot-gun powders,
-and is still one of the most successful. The composition has
-been varied somewhat from time to time, but it has always been a
-fibrous bulk powder. The following analyses were given in “Arms and
-Explosives,” 1917, p. 76--
-
- No. 1. No. 2. No. 3.
- _Date of Introduction_ 1882 1890 1897
- _Class_ 42-grain 42-grain 33-grain
- Nitrocotton, insoluble 30·0 15·9 44·0
- ” soluble 28·2 41·0 30·4
- Metallic nitrates 37·8 38·3 14·0
- Resin 2·1 2·0 --
- Vaseline -- -- 6·0
- Camphor -- 1·0 4·0
- Moisture 1·9 1·8 1·6
-The powder is manufactured at Green Street Green, near Dartford in
-Kent. The name is derived from “Explosives Company.”
-
-=ECHO= or =EKKO= is a blasting explosive made at
-Nitedal in Norway, consisting of ammonium nitrate, nitrocotton,
-trinitro-toluene, aluminium powder, and sometimes ferro-silicon. It
-has been used on the Continent for filling hand-grenades.
-
-*=ECONOMIC SMOKELESS SPORTING POWDER= is a 42-grain bulk powder
-for shot-guns, made by the E.C. Powder Company.
-
-=ECRASITE= or =EKRASIT= is a high explosive used in Austria
-for filling shell and other military purposes. It is the ammonium
-salt of trinitro-cresol.
-
-=ELECTRONITE.=--There have been several explosives of this name,
-but none of them have been used extensively, and all are dead now.
-There was a coal-mine explosive formerly on the Permitted List--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 73
- Barium nitrate 19
- Starch and slightly-charred wood meal 8
-
-It was made by Curtis’s and Harvey.
-
-=ELEY SMOKELESS SPORTING POWDER= is a shot-gun powder similar to
-=E.C.=
-
-Ammon-=ELSAGIT= is a German coal-mine explosive. It contains
-ammonium nitrate, vegetable meal, not more than 6 per cent. of
-trinitro-toluene or other nitro-body, not more than 4 per cent. of
-blasting gelatine, and may also contain fatty oils, alkali chlorides
-or oxalate, and sodium or potassium nitrate.
-
-Gesteins-=ELSAGIT= has much the same composition, but the
-percentage of trinitro-toluene may be raised to 12, and it contains
-no sodium or potassium nitrate.
-
-*=EMPIRE POWDER= is a smokeless shot-gun powder introduced
-in 1902 by Nobel’s Explosives Company. It is a fibrous 33-grain
-bulk powder, and, according to an analysis published in “Arms and
-Explosives,” 1917, p. 77, its composition is--
-
- Nitrocotton, insoluble 48·0
- ” soluble 34·0
- Metallic nitrates 9·0
- Vaseline 7·0
- Moisture 2·0
-
-=ERGITE.=--A blasting explosive which was made for a few years
-in a factory in North Wales. Other explosives were also made under
-the names of Granergite, Shattergite, etc.
-
-=ERIN GELIGNITE.=--A Gelignite containing a small percentage of
-dinitro-toluene to prevent the nitroglycerine freezing.
-
-=ESSEX POWDER.=--A coal-mine explosive made by the Explosives
-and Chemical Products, Ltd. It is on the Permitted List--
-
- _Date of Permit_ 1-9-13
- Nitroglycerine 23
- Nitrocotton 1
- Potassium nitrate 34
- Wheat flour 36
- Ammonium chloride 6
-
- Limit charge 38 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2·17”
-
-=EUREKA No. 2= is an American coal-mine explosive on the
-Permissible List. It contains nitroglycerine and a hydrated salt.
-
-=EXCELLITE.=--A coal-mine explosive formerly on the Permitted
-List--
-
- Nitroglycerine 8
- Ammonium nitrate 82·5
- Collodion cotton 1
- Dinitro-toluene 3
- Wood meal 4·5
- Castor oil 1
-
-=SUPER-EXCELLITE= is a modification of this, containing salts as
-cooling agents. Three formulæ passed the Rotherham Test--
-
- No. 2. No. 3.
- _Date of Permit_ 1-9-13 7-4-14 22-6-14
- Nitroglycerine 4 5 9·5
- Collodion cotton -- -- 0·5
- Ammonium nitrate 75·5 50 59
- Potassium nitrate 7 20 --
- Starch 3·5 5 4·5
- Castor oil -- -- 1
- Ammonium chloride -- 5 --
- Sodium chloride -- -- 15
- Ammonium oxalate 10 15 10·5
-
- Limit charge 10 14 36 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2·74 2·72 2·73”
-
-It will be seen that all three are about equal as regards power, but
-that No. 3, which contains the largest proportion of cooling agents
-and more nitroglycerine, can be used safely in much greater charges.
-In 1916 807,000 lbs. of No. 3 were used in mines and quarries,
-principally in coal mines. It is recommended by the makers, Curtis’s
-and Harvey, for hard coal and colliery work generally. The permits of
-the others have been repealed.
-
-=EXPEDITE= is a coal-mine explosive on the Permitted List made
-by Explosives and Chemical Products, Ltd.--
-
- _Date of Permit_ 25-11-13
- Ammonium nitrate 35
- Potassium nitrate 33
- Trinitro-toluene 12
- Ammonium chloride 20
-
- Limit charge more than 32 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2·62”
-
-See also =XPDITE=.
-
-=EXPLOSIFS N=, =O=, etc. See under respective letters.
-
-=EXTRA DYNAMITE= is a variety of American dynamite containing
-ammonium nitrate.
-
-
-=FAVERSHAM POWDER= is a coal-mine explosive of the Grisounite
-type made by the Cotton Powder Co. The mixture, which was on the old
-Permitted List, had the composition--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 90
- Trinitro-toluene 10
-
-To make it pass the Rotherham Test, part of the ammonium nitrate was
-replaced by potassium nitrate, and ammonium chloride was added--
-
- No. 2.
- _Date of Permit_ 10-2-14
-
- Ammonium nitrate 47·5
- Potassium nitrate 24
- Ammonium chloride 18·5
- Trinitro-toluene 10
-
- Limit charge 24 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2·61”
-
-but this also has now been repealed.
-
-=FAVIER= explosives consist essentially of ammonium nitrate
-mixed with nitro-compounds. Favier took out patents in 1884 and
-1885 for mixtures of ammonium nitrate with mononitro-naphthalene,
-paraffin and resin. Their manufacture was undertaken soon afterwards
-by the French Government, and is still continued under the names of
-Explosifs N, or Explosifs Favier or Grisounites. Their composition
-has been varied from time to time, but the following are those now
-authorised--
-
- Grisou-naphtalite- Grisou-naphtalite-.
- couche. roche.
- N_1 a. N_4. N_1 b.
-
- Ammonium nitrate 95 90 91·5 86·5
- Potassium nitrate -- 5 -- 5
- Dinitro-naphthane -- -- 8·5 8·5
- Trinitro-naphthalene 5 5 -- --
- Tetryl -- -- -- --
-
- For mines free from
- Grisou-tetrylite-couche. fire-damp, etc.
- N_1 c.
-
- Ammonium nitrate 88 87·4
- Potassium nitrate 5 --
- Dinitro-naphthane -- 12·6
- Trinitro-naphthalene -- --
- Tetryl 7 --
-
-The Grisounites-couche are used in the coal seams as they have
-theoretical temperatures of explosion of 1500° or less, but N_1 a
-has been replaced to a considerable extent by N_4, because the
-presence of a proportion of potassium nitrate is found to increase
-the safety; these are both coloured green. The Grisounites-roche have
-theoretical temperatures of explosion of 1900° or less, and are used
-in the rocks in coal mines. N_1 b is dyed rose colour, and N_1 c
-pale yellow.
-
-Many explosives of this type are in use in different countries. On
-the old British Permitted List were Ammonite, Westfalite, Bellite
-and Roburite amongst others. Those now on the List contain ammonium
-or sodium chloride to enable them to pass the Rotherham Test, _e.g._
-the later Ammonites, Bellite Nos. 2 and 4, Faversham Powder and Negro
-Powder.
-
-On the Belgian list of Explosifs S.G.P. is Favier II bis--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 77·6
- Dinitro-naphthalene 2·4
- Ammonium chloride 20
-
- Charge limite More than 293 grammes.
-
-=FAVORIT.= See =KORONIT.=
-
-=*FELIXITE= is a smokeless shot-gun powder introduced in 1906
-by the New Explosives Company. It is a fibrous 42-grain bulk powder,
-and, according to an analysis published in “Arms and Explosives,”
-1917, p. 76, has the composition--
-
- Nitrocellulose, insoluble 40·5
- ” soluble 20·5
- Metallic nitrates 30·0
- Nitro-compound 5·0
- Vaseline 2·7
- Moisture 1·3
-
-=*FILITE= was a smokeless powder formerly used in the Italian
-services. It was a Ballistite consisting generally of equal parts of
-nitroglycerine and collodion cotton, to which 0·5 to 1 per cent. of
-aniline or diphenylamine was added as a stabiliser. It was
-gelatinised with a solvent and drawn out into cords.
-
-=FLAMMIVORE.=--A Belgian coal-mine explosive made
-at Arendonck--
-
- O.
- Ammonium nitrate 70
- Barium nitrate 15
- Cellulose 5
- Dinitro-toluene 10
-
- Charge limite 100g.
-
- I.
- Blasting gelatine 4
- Ammonium nitrate 82
- Potassium nitrate 10
- Rye flour 4
-
- Charge limite 500g.
-
- III.
- Nitroglycerine 6
- Ammonium nitrate 70
- Ammonium sulphate 9
- Barium sulphate 7
- Dextrin 8
-
- Charge limite 650g.
-
-In the United Kingdom this is “authorised” but not “permitted” for
-use in dangerous mines.
-
-=FLOBERT= ammunition consists of small cartridges, like
-detonators, charged with a small quantity of mercury fulminate, and
-some antimony sulphide and potassium chlorate. It is used for target
-practice and shooting small birds.
-
-=FOERDER SICHERHEITSSPRENGSTOFF.=--A German coal-mine explosive
-containing ammonium nitrate, not more than 4 per cent. of blasting
-gelatine, mono- and di-nitro-aromatic compounds, vegetable meal and
-neutral salts.
-
-=FOERDIT.=--A German coal-mine explosive containing
-nitroglycerine gelatinised or ungelatinised, carbohydrates,
-glycerine, nitro-compounds, inorganic nitrates and sodium or
-potassium chloride.
-
-Ammon-Foerdit is a similar mixture, except that it contains a larger
-percentage of ammonium nitrate and no other inorganic nitrates. The
-nitroglycerine is gelatinised, and there is a little diphenylamine.
-The following are examples of these two explosives--
-
-
- Foerdit. Ammon-Foerdit.
- Nitroglycerine 25·5 3·8
- Collodion cotton 1·5 0·2
- Ammonium nitrate 37 85
- Nitro-toluene 5 --
- Dextrine or flour 4 4
- Glycerine 3 2
- Diphenylamine -- 1
- Potassium chloride 24 4
-
-Ammon-Foerdit F, which has been introduced recently, contains up to
-10 per cent. of potassium perchlorate and is similar to Astralit V.
-
-=FORCITE.=--A variety of gelatine dynamite or gelignite made in
-Belgium. It contains blasting gelatine 36 to 64 per cent., sodium or
-ammonium nitrate, wood meal, magnesia and sometimes bran.
-
-An American explosive of the same name is a dynamite containing wood
-tar--
-
- Nitroglycerine 49
- Collodion cotton 1
- Sodium nitrate 38
- Sulphur 1·5
- Wood tar 10
- Wood pulp 0·5
-
-=FORCITE ANTIGRISOUTEUSE 3.=--A Belgian coal-mine
-explosive of the Carbonite type--
-
- Nitroglycerine 26
- Potassium nitrate 33
- Barium nitrate 1
- Rye flour 38·5
- Bran 1
- Sodium carbonate 0·5
-
- Charge limite 750g.
-
-=FORTEX.=--A coal-mine explosive made by Explosives and Chemical
-Products, Ltd. The mixture, which was on the old Permitted List, was--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 78·5
- Tetryl 21·5
-
-=NEW FORTEX.=--A modification of the above to pass
-the Rotherham Test--
-
- _Date of Permit_ 25-11-13
-
- Ammonium nitrate 35
- Potassium nitrate 33
- Tetryl 12
- Ammonium chloride 20
-
- Limit charge 10 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2·61”
-
-=FORT PITT MINE POWDER NO.= 1 is an American coal-mine powder on
-the Permissible List. It is a nitroglycerine explosive.
-
-=FRACTORITE.=--A Belgian coal-mine explosive--
-
- B. D.
-
- Ammonium nitrate 75 Ammonium nitrate 75
- Dinitro-naphthalene 2·8 Sodium nitrate 10
- Ammonium oxalate 2·2 Nitroglycerine 4
- Ammonium chloride 20 Ammonium oxalate 7
- Flour 4
-
- Charge limite 450 g. Charge limite 700 g.
-
-=FRACTURITE.=--A coal-mine explosive formerly on the Permitted
-List, made by the British Explosives Syndicate, Ltd.--
-
- Nitroglycerine 52·5
- Collodion cotton 3·5
- Potassium nitrate 23
- Wood meal 6
- Ammonium oxalate 15
-
-=FUEL-ITE.=--There is a series of coal-mine explosives of
-this name on the American Permissible List. Nos. 1 and 2 are
-nitroglycerine explosives of the Carbonite type. No. 3 is an ammonium
-nitrate explosive.
-
-=FUELLPULVER= (or =FP.=) is the name given by the
-Germans to mixtures of trinitro-toluene and ammonium nitrate used
-for filling shell. Fp. 60/40, for instance, is a mixture of 60
-parts trinitro-toluene and 40 parts of ammonium nitrate, and is
-consequently the same as Amatol 40/60. Fp. without figures stands for
-trinitro-toluene.
-
-=*FULMEN POWDER= is a 33-grain smokeless powder for shot-guns
-made by the Schultze Gunpowder Co.
-
-=FULMENIT.=--A blasting explosive made by the German Nobel Co.,
-containing ammonium nitrate, vegetable meal or charcoal, paraffin
-oil, trinitro-toluene and guncotton.
-
-=WETTER-FULMENIT= is a coal-mine explosive which has been
-much used. It differs from the above in containing also sodium or
-potassium chloride--
-
- Fulmenit. Wetter-Fulmenit.
-
- Ammonium nitrate 86·5 76 76·5
- Guncotton 4 0·5 4
- Trinitro-toluene 5·5 11·8 5·5
- Charcoal 1·5 1·5 1·5
- Paraffin oil 2·5 0·2 2·5
- Sodium chloride -- 10 10
-
-=FUMYL.=--A smoke-producing explosive containing trinitro-toluene and
-ammonium chloride, used for opening poison-gas shell, etc.
-
-
-=GATHURST POWDER.=--An explosive of the Grisounite class.
-According to an analysis given in Cundill and Thomson’s Dictionary it
-consisted of--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 83·4
- Dinitro-benzene 16·5
- Moisture 0·1
-
-=GEHLINGERIT.=--A German blasting explosive. Gesteins-Gehlingerit
-III. contains--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 80
- Trinitro-toluene 15
- Flour 5
-
-Wetter-Gehlingerit, which is a coal-mine explosive, contains also
-sodium or potassium chloride, and may contain up to 4 per cent. of
-nitroglycerine to increase its sensitiveness.
-
-=GELATINÉ À L’AMMONIAQUE.=--A Belgian explosive, a mixture of
-blasting gelatine and ammonium nitrate.
-
-=GELATINE DYNAMITE= is a mixture of blasting gelatine, potassium
-nitrate and a little wood meal. That made in Britain must contain
-between 70 and 77 per cent. of nitroglycerine; it may contain up
-to 2 per cent. of calcium or magnesium carbonate, or 1/2 per cent.
-of mineral jelly as a stabiliser. The following may be taken as an
-example of its composition--
-
- Nitroglycerine 74·5
- Collodion cotton 5·5
- Wood meal 4
- Potassium nitrate 15·5
- Calcium carbonate 0·2
- Moisture 0·3
-
-In America brands are made of 35 to 80 per cent. strength.
-
-=GELIGNITE= is similar to Gelatine Dynamite except that it
-contains a smaller proportion of blasting gelatine; in Britain the
-percentage of nitroglycerine must be between 56 and 63, _e. g._--
-
- Nitroglycerine 61
- Collodion cotton 4·5
- Wood meal 7
- Potassium nitrate 27
- Calcium carbonate 0·2
- Moisture 0·3
-
-There are also a number of modified Gelignites, which either contain
-sodium or barium nitrate in partial or entire replacement of the
-potassium nitrate, or else contain some substance to reduce the
-freezing point of the nitroglycerine and so diminish the danger of
-freezing, such as dinitro- or trinitro-toluene or dinitro-glycol.
-
-=GESILIT.=--A German coal-mine explosive made by Nahnsen. It
-contains blasting gelatine, inorganic nitrates, sodium chloride,
-carbohydrates and dinitro-toluene--
-
- I. II. III.
-
- Blasting gelatine 30·75 30·75 32·5
- Ammonium nitrate -- 22 22
- Sodium nitrate 18 -- --
- Dinitro-toluene 5·25 5·25 5·25
- Dextrin 39 21 --
- Pea flour -- -- 20
- Sodium chloride 7 21 20·25
-
-When tested in a gallery with an explosive gas mixture I. proved to
-be safer than the other two.
-
-=GIANT COAL-MINE POWDERS= are American coal-mine explosives on
-the Permissible List. No. 5 is an ammonium nitrate explosive, whereas
-Nos. 6, 7 and 8 are low-grade dynamites mixed with hydrated salts.
-
-=GIANT POWDER= is a name given in America to dynamite. No.
-1 is a kieselguhr dynamite containing about 75 per cent. of
-nitroglycerine. Many varieties, however, do not contain kieselguhr,
-but consist of nitroglycerine mixed with wood pulp, sodium or
-potassium nitrate, resin, sulphur or other combustible matter. The
-nitroglycerine is sometimes gelatinised with collodion cotton, or in
-the “Extra” varieties is partially replaced by ammonium nitrate.
-
-=GLONOINE= was an early name for nitroglycerine.
-
-=GLUECKAUF.=--A German explosive of the Grisounite type
-consisting of ammonium nitrate and vegetable meal, to which might
-be added any of the following: sugar, resin, fatty oil, potassium
-nitrate, sodium nitrate, dinitro-benzene, ammonium oxalate, copper
-oxalate, copper nitrate ammonia, or sodium chloride. It was used for
-a time by several potash mines; was given up again by most of them.
-
-=GOOD LUCK= was an explosive made by the Sprengstoffwerke
-Glueckauf A.-G., and was on the old British Permitted List for
-coal-mine explosives. It had the composition--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 82·5
- Dinitro-benzene 1
- Turmeric 10·5
- Copper oxalate 6
-
-=GRANATFUELLUNG= (_i. e._ Shell-filling) is a name given by
-the Germans to certain high explosives used for filling shell.
-Granatfuellung C/88 is picric acid, and C/02 is trinitro-toluene.
-See Fuellpulver. Other substances used in German shell and bombs
-are trinitro-anisole, dinitro-benzene, hexanitro-diphenylamine and
-hexanitro-diphenyl sulphide, otherwise picryl sulphide.
-
-=GRISOUNITE.=--A French coal-mine explosive. See =FAVIER=
-Explosives.
-
-=GRISOUTINE= or =GRISOU-DYNAMINE= is the only explosive
-except Grisounite allowed in the more dangerous French coal mines.
-It consists of ammonium nitrate mixed with blasting gelatine.
-As the State monopoly does not extend to explosives containing
-nitroglycerine, it is made by private firms, but the compositions are
-regulated by the “Commission des Substances Explosives,” which in
-1911 resolved that they should be uniformly as follows--
-
- Couche au Roche au
- Couche. Salpêtre. Roche. Salpêtre.
-
- Nitroglycerine 12 12 29 29
- Collodion cotton 0·5 0·5 1 1
- Ammonium nitrate 87·5 82·5 70 65
- Potassium nitrate -- 5 -- 5
-
-The calculated temperatures of explosion of the Grisoutines couches
-are below 1500°, and those of the Grisoutines roches below 1900°. The
-addition of 5 per cent. of potassium nitrate is found to increase the
-safety.
-
-There are a number of explosives of this type made in other
-countries also, but they usually contain small proportions of
-combustible substances such as wood meal, and nitro-bodies such as
-trinitro-toluene. Of British explosives of this type, mention may be
-made of Monobel, Super-Excellite and Monarkite. German explosives
-of this sort include Salit, Tremonit, Donarit, Ammon-Karbonit and
-Astralit.
-
-On the Belgian list of Explosifs S.G.P. is Grisoutine II., which is
-identical in composition with Dynamite anti-grisouteuse V.
-
-=GRISOUTITE.=--A Belgian coal-mine explosive--
-
- Nitroglycerine 44
- Magnesium sulphate 44
- Cellulose 12
-
- Charge limite 300 g.
-
-=GUARDIAN.=--American coal-mine explosives. Nos. 2, 2X, 3 and 3X
-are ammonium nitrate explosives, whereas Guardian A and Guardian Coal
-Powder B are nitroglycerine explosives.
-
-=GUNCOTTON.=--A highly nitrated cotton containing about 13 per
-cent. of nitrogen and only slightly soluble in ether-alcohol.
-
-=GUNPOWDER.= See =BLACK POWDER=.
-
-
-=*HALAKITE= attracted public attention out of all proportion
-to its merits, of which it possessed none, in consequence of the
-extravagant claims made on its behalf by its “inventors” and their
-dupes. Early in 1917 the British Government caused an inquiry to be
-held, and the case for the explosive collapsed in a ludicrous manner.
-According to patent specification, No. 685 of 1915, the basis of
-the explosive was an admixture of lead nitrate with glycerine and
-other substances, and under the working conditions the glycerine was
-said to react with the nitrate to form a nitro-compound, which, of
-course, is not true. The substance actually submitted to the British
-and French authorities consisted of cordite mixed with lead nitrate,
-barium nitrate and lead chromate. This was stated by the promoters
-to be equally effective as a high explosive and a propellant! See
-“Interim and Final Reports of the Army Council (Halakite) Inquiry,”
-Cd. 8446.
-
-=HALALIT.=--A German blasting explosive made by Nahnsen,
-containing not more than 65 per cent. of potassium perchlorate,
-ammonium nitrate, and not more than 32 per cent. of nitrated toluene,
-of which not more than 20 per cent. must be trinitro-toluene. It may
-also contain collodion cotton to gelatinise the liquid nitro-toluene,
-and sodium nitrate and wood meal or other vegetable meal.
-
-Ammon-Halalit A, which has been introduced recently, is similar to
-Astralit V.
-
-=HALOKLASTIT.= See =PETROKLASTIT=.
-
-=HAMMONIT.=--A German blasting explosive containing not more
-than 40 per cent. of potassium or sodium perchlorate, not more than 4
-per cent. of nitroglycerine, aromatic nitro-bodies, ammonium nitrate,
-sodium or potassium nitrate, neutral salts and vegetable meal or
-other combustible matter.
-
-=HASSIA-CHLORAT= is an explosive that was introduced in Germany
-during the War. It consists of 65 per cent. potassium chlorate and 35
-per cent. combustible, and it is claimed that the large proportion of
-the latter not only makes it a mild explosive, but also renders it
-comparatively insensitive. It is also called Spreng-chlorat.
-
-=HAYLITE.=--A coal-mine explosive made by the National
-Explosives Co. There were three varieties on the Permitted List: No. 1
-was also on the old Permitted List, but has now been repealed.
-
- No. 1. No. 2. No. 3.
- _Date of Permit_ 1-9-13 21-11-16 30-5-18
-
- Nitroglycerine 26 15·5 9·5
- Collodion cotton 1 0·3 --
- Ammonium nitrate -- -- 60·5
- Potassium nitrate 20 -- --
- Sodium nitrate -- 59·5 --
- Barium nitrate 20 -- --
- Trinitro-toluene -- 5 --
- Mineral jelly 7 -- --
- Wood meal 15 7·7 5·5
- Sodium chloride -- -- 19·5
- Ammonium oxalate 11 -- 5
- Borax -- 12 --
-
- Limit charge 10 18 16 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic
- pendulum) 2·18 1·96 2·44”
-
-=H.E.= stands for High Explosive, used for charging shell or
-other military purpose.
-
-=*HEBLER POWDER= was a so-called smokeless powder which was
-manufactured at one time in Switzerland. According to an analysis
-published by Cundill and Thomson, it was ordinary gunpowder in which
-about a fifth of the saltpetre had been replaced by ammonium nitrate.
-It did not appear to have a greater tendency to absorb moisture than
-ordinary powder. It was also called Wellite. See also Ammonpulver.
-
-=HECLA NO. 2= is an American coal-mine explosive on the
-Permissible List. It is an ammonium nitrate explosive made by the Du
-Pont Co.
-
-=HECLA POWDER= is a brand of American dynamite.
-
-=HELAGON= is a German perchlorate explosive made by the
-Köln-Rottweil Pulverfabriken. It contains not more than 10 per cent.
-of potassium perchlorate, not more than 5 per cent. of zinc-aluminium
-alloy, aromatic nitro-bodies and neutral nitrates, excepting those of
-potassium and barium. It may also contain flour or potato meal and
-neutral substances.
-
-=HELIT= is a similar explosive to Helagon, except that it
-contains dinitro-chlorhydrin, not more than 6 per cent., in the place
-of the zinc-aluminium alloy.
-
-=HELLHOFITE=}
-=HELLITE=} are different names for what is practically the same
-explosive of the Sprengel type. It consists of a mixture of strong
-nitric acid and various nitro-compounds, _e.g._--
-
- Dinitro-benzene 1 Nitro-benzene 1
- Nitric acid 1·5 Nitric acid 2·5
-
-A form of this explosive was tried by Gruson as a charge
-for shell many years ago. See also Panclastite.
-
-=*HENRITE= is a smokeless shot-gun powder of the fibrous 33-grain
-bulk type. A sample examined in 1902 had the composition--
-
- Nitrocellulose, insoluble 71·0
- ” soluble 7·1
- Metallic nitrates 7·5
- Nitro-compounds 7·6
- Paraffin 5·5
- Moisture 1·3
-
-=HERCULES POWDER.=--The name of a brand of American dynamite.
-
-=HERCULITE.=--This name has been given to several explosives.
-One was a mixture of sawdust, camphor, potassium nitrate and other
-substances, which was used for blasting. There was a coal-mine
-explosive of this name on the Permitted List, made by the British
-Explosives Syndicate, Ltd.--
-
- _Date of Permit_ 22-6-14
-
- Nitroglycerine 33
- Collodion cotton 1
- Potassium perchlorate 27
- Wood meal 10
- Ammonium oxalate 29
-
- Limit charge 16 oz.
- Power (swing of
- ballistic pendulum) 2·72”
-
-but the permit has been repealed.
-
-=HIMALAYITE.=--A high explosive made from potassium chlorate,
-potato starch and a drying oil. The chlorate and starch are first
-heated together with water, and when dry the oil is mixed in. The
-explosive is said to have been adopted by the Portuguese for filling
-shell. It passed the chemical tests in England, but no licence was
-taken out for its manufacture.
-
-=HUDSON’S EXPLOSIVE.=--A stiff blasting gelatine made by
-incorporating nitroglycerine and collodion cotton together with the
-aid of acetone. It was tried in America in 1889 for filling shell,
-but is not used now for this purpose.
-
-=HYGRADE COAL POWDER NO. 2= is an American coal-mine explosive
-on the Permissible List. It is a nitroglycerine explosive.
-
-=*IDEAL POWDER= is a shot-gun powder made by Nobels.
-
-=IMPERIALITE= is of no practical importance, but is interesting, as
-its history is that of the explosive one meets in the comic papers.
-The Marquis R. Imperiali had large private means and some knowledge
-of chemistry. He took out patents for a number of explosive mixtures
-and built a small factory in N. Italy, which started work in 1911.
-An explosion occurred the first day and killed five of the fifteen
-workers. Imperiali escaped and re-erected his factory. The day after
-it was restarted it blew up again and Imperiali was killed. The
-composition of the explosive that was being made is not known, but
-several of the mixtures for which Imperiali had taken out patents were
-decidedly dangerous.
-
-=*INDURITE= was a smokeless powder patented by C. E. Munroe in
-1893. It was made by incorporating guncotton with nitro-benzene to
-a hard mass. It was used for a time in the American Navy. Samples
-made in 1891 were still stable apparently in 1914, but some cases of
-instability occurred and it was given up.
-
-=INGÉLITE= is the same in composition as =ANTIGEL DE
-SÛRETÉ=.
-
-*Poudre =J.=--A French smokeless powder used for
-shot-guns and revolvers. Its composition is--
-
- Nitrocotton 83
- Ammonium bichromate 14
- Potassium bichromate 3
- Moisture about 3
-
-It is incorporated with the aid of ether-alcohol and pressed into
-strips, which are cut into cubes and then converted into grains of
-irregular shape. The fine siftings are used for revolver and practice
-ammunition.
-
-
-=JUDSON POWDER.=--A mild blasting explosive used in America. It
-is a sort of crude gunpowder coated with nitroglycerine to increase
-the violence of the explosion. The percentage of nitroglycerine may
-vary from 5 to 20, but is generally near the lower limit. Judson
-Powder R.R.P. has the composition--
-
- Nitroglycerine 5 Nitroglycerine 5
- Sodium nitrate 64 or Sulphur, coal and resin 35
- Sulphur 16 Sodium nitrate 60
- Cannel coal 15
-
-The sodium nitrate is mixed with the combustibles and the mixture is
-heated beyond the melting-point of the sulphur and resin. The
-slightly porous mass thus formed is then coated with nitroglycerine.
-The explosive is fired with a priming cartridge of dynamite. The
-following four grades are made by the Du Pont Co.--
-
- FFF 20 % nitroglycerine
- FF 15 ”
- F 10 ”
- RRP 5 ”
-
-=KANITE A= is an American coal-mine explosive on the Permissible
-List. It is an ammonium nitrate explosive.
-
-=KARBONIT.= See =CARBONITE=.
-
-=KAUSOLIT.=--An ammonium perchlorate explosive, introduced about
-1915 by the Stockholm Superphosphaten-fabriks A.-b.
-
-=KENT POWDER= was a coal-mine explosive made by the Cotton
-Powder Co. It was of the Carbonite type and was on the Permitted
-List. It is now no longer “permitted.”
-
- _Date of Permit_ 10-2-14
-
- Nitroglycerine 24
- Potassium nitrate 32·5
- Wood meal 33·5
- Ammonium oxalate 10
-
- Limit charge over 32 oz.
-
- Power (swing
- of ballistic pendulum) 2·01”
-
-=KENTITE= is a coal-mine explosive made by British Westfalite,
-Ltd. It was on the old Permitted List and also passed the Rotherham
-Test, and so is still “permitted”--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 34
- Potassium nitrate 34
- Trinitro-toluene 17
- Ammonium chloride 15
-
- Limit charge 18 oz.
- Power (swing of
- ballistic pendulum) 2·64”
-
-=KIESELBACHER CHLORATSPRENGSTOFF.= See =MIEDZIANKIT=.
-
-=KINETIT.=--A German explosive made by gelatinising
-nitro-cellulose with nitro-benzene, and incorporating it with
-potassium nitrate and chlorate. It is somewhat sensitive to blows,
-etc. Early samples contained also antimony sulphide which rendered
-them decidedly dangerous.
-
-=KIWIT.=--A German chlorate explosive introduced during
-the War. It contains not more than 77 per cent. of sodium or
-potassium chlorate, carbon carriers such as paraffin, naphthalene,
-vaseline, meal or oil, also not more than 15 per cent. of
-liquid trinitro-toluene, and may contain dinitro-toluene,
-dinitro-naphthalene, sodium chloride and not more than 4 per cent. of
-guncotton.
-
-=KOHLENKARBONIT.= See =CARBONITE=.
-
-=KOLAX.=--A coal-mine explosive of the Carbonite type formerly
-on the Permitted List, made by Curtis’s and Harvey--
-
- Nitroglycerine 25
- Potassium nitrate 26
- Barium nitrate 5
- Wood meal 34
- Starch 10
-
-=SUPER-KOLAX= was a modification of this to meet the
-requirements of the Rotherham Test--
-
- No. 2.
- _Date of Permit_ 1-9-13 7-4-14
- Nitroglycerine 25·5 28·5
- Collodion cotton -- 1
- Potassium nitrate 25·5 16·5
- Barium nitrate 5 5
- Wood meal 29·5 30·5
- Starch 7·5 9
- Ammonium oxalate 7 9·5
-
- Limit charge 30 over 32 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2·10 2·21”
-
-The permits of both have been repealed.
-
-=KORONIT=, also known as =FAVORIT=, is a German chlorate
-blasting explosive introduced during the War. See also Coronite.
-
-Gesteins-Koronit (or -Favorit) contains not more than 85 per cent.
-of potassium or sodium chlorate, not more than 15 per cent. of
-nitro-bodies (but no trinitro-compounds), paraffin or fatty oils,
-naphthalene, vegetable meal, powdered coal, inert substances, and not
-more than 4 per cent. of blasting gelatine.
-
-Kohlen-Koronit (or -Favorit) contains not more than 68 per cent.
-of potassium or sodium chlorate, aromatic hydrocarbons and
-nitro-hydrocarbons (but not more than 12 per cent. of aromatic
-nitro-bodies and no trinitro-compounds), sodium chloride or similar
-salts, paraffin or fatty oils, vegetable meal or other organic
-substance; not more than 4 per cent. of blasting gelatine and not
-more than 4 per cent. of powdered coal.
-
-=PERKORONIT= is similar to Koronit except that it contains
-potassium or sodium perchlorate instead of chlorate. Part of the
-perchlorate may be replaced by nitrate.
-
-=*K.S.=, =K.S.G.=--Kynoch’s Smokeless Powder. It is a
-fibrous bulk powder for shot-guns made by Kynochs, Ltd. The following
-analyses were given in “Arms and Explosives,” 1917, p. 78---
-
- Kynoch’s
- Smokeless. K.S. K.S.G.
-
- _Date of Introduction_ 1901 1913 1912
- _Class_ 42-grain 42-grain 33-grain
-
- Nitrocellulose, insoluble 49·5 40·4 41·5
- ” soluble 5·5 27·0 36·5
- Metallic nitrates 25·0 28·0 12·0
- Nitro-compound 19·0 -- 5·0
- Vaseline -- 3·0 3·0
- Moisture 1·0 1·6 2·0
-
-=KYNARKITE= is a coal-mine explosive of the Carbonite type made
-by Kynoch, Ltd. It is no longer on the Permitted List--
-
- No. 2.
- _Date of Permit_ 1-9-13 15-1-15
- Nitroglycerine 25 26
- Potassium nitrate 28 29·5
- Barium nitrate 3 --
- Dinitro-toluene -- 2·5
- Wood meal 39 34
- Ammonium oxalate 5 8
-
- Limit charge 20 28 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2·21 2·06”
-
-=KYNITE= was a coal-mine explosive on the old Permitted List,
-but has been superseded by Kynarkite--
-
- Kynite
- Kynite. Condensed.
-
- Nitroglycerine 26 25
- Barium nitrate 33 33·5
- Wood meal 40·7 6·5
- Starch -- 34·7
- Calcium carbonate 0·3 0·3
-
-=*LAFFLIN AND RAND W.A.= was a tubular smokeless powder tried in
-America for small arms. It consisted of--
-
- Guncotton 67·25
- Nitroglycerine 30
- Metallic salts 2·75
-
-gelatinised by means of 40 parts of acetone. A gelatinised dense
-shot-gun powder of similar composition was also made.
-
-=L.C. PULVER= is a German Cheddite.
-
-Gesteins-=LEONIT= is a German perchlorate explosive for blasting
-rock--
-
- Alkali perchlorate about 60%
- Ammonium nitrate 10
- Nitro-compounds 15
- Meal 10
- Blasting gelatine 4
-
-It is practically the same as Permonit A.
-
-Neu-=LEONIT= is a modification of this for use in coal
-
- I. II.
- Potassium perchlorate 35 35
- Ammonium nitrate 20 10
- Sodium nitrate -- 3
- Trinitro-toluene 5} 11
- Dinitro-toluene 5}
- Wood meal 3 2
- Vegetable meal 4 5
- Blasting gelatine 4 4
- Sodium chloride 24 30
-
-It is practically the same as Wetter-Persalit.
-
-=LIGDYN= is a nitroglycerine explosive similar to American
-dynamite made in South Africa. 40 per cent. Ligdyn consists
-of--
-
- Nitroglycerine 40
- Sodium nitrate 45
- Wood meal 13
- Wheat flour 2
-
-=*LIGHTNING.=--A 33-grain smokeless shot-gun powder made by the
-Schultze Gunpowder Co. See Schultze Powder.
-
-=LIGNOSIT= is a German blasting explosive containing a
-considerable percentage of ammonium nitrate. Lignosit I. contains
-also aromatic nitro-compounds, of which not more than 15 per cent.
-must be trinitro-compounds or wood meal, and not more than 6 per
-cent. of potassium nitrate, not more than I per cent. of collodion
-cotton and bauxite or salts, such as sodium chloride or carbonate.
-
-Lignosit II. may contain up to 10 per cent. of collodion cotton, but
-no wood meal or nitro-compounds. It is somewhat sensitive.
-
-Lignosit III. differs from I. in that it may contain up to 4 per
-cent. of blasting gelatine and contains no bauxite.
-
-The object of adding the neutral salts is evidently to make the
-explosive safer in coal mines. When intended for this purpose it is
-called Wetter-Lignosit I. or III.
-
-Lignosit IV. consists of ammonium nitrate, not more than 13 per cent.
-of trinitro-toluene, not more than 13 per cent. of aluminium powder,
-and wood meal.
-
-=LITHOFRACTEUR= is a name that has been given to more than one
-explosive. One introduced about 1873 by Krebs and Co. of Deutz, near
-Cologne, consisted of nitroglycerine absorbed in kieselguhr mixed
-with nitrates, charcoal or coal and sulphur. Some of it was imported
-into England at one time.
-
-=LOEWENPULVER= or Castroper Sprengpulver is a German blasting
-powder consisting of a compressed or granulated mixture of sodium
-nitrate, manganese dioxide, sulphur and carbonaceous substances such
-as briquette powder or coal. It may also contain potassium nitrate,
-wood meal or tar.
-
-=LOMITE NO. 1= is an American coal-mine explosive on the
-Permissible List. It is a low-grade dynamite containing hydrated
-salts.
-
-=LOWINITE NO. 2-B= is an American coal-mine explosive on the
-Permissible List. It is an ammonium nitrate explosive.
-
-=LUXIT I.= is a German blasting explosive consisting of ammonium
-nitrate, not more than 17 per cent. of trinitro-toluene, and not
-more than 5 per cent. of wood meal.
-
-=LYDDITE.=--A high explosive used in the British Services for
-filling shell. It consists simply of picric acid, which is melted
-under proper precautions and poured into the shell.
-
-*Poudre =M= is a shot-gun powder made by the French Government,
-and is the one that is most used in France. Its composition is--
-
- Nitrocotton 71
- Barium nitrate 20
- Potassium nitrate 5
- Camphor. 3
- Binding material 1
-
-The nitrocotton has a solubility of only 15 or 20 per cent., and is
-partially gelatinised with ether-alcohol aided by the camphor. It is
-granulated under edge runners, granulated and drummed.
-
-
-=MACARIT.=--A Belgian high explosive for filling shell--
-
- Trinitro-toluene 30
- Lead nitrate 70
-
-It has a high density and is not deliquescent. For equal weights its
-power is less than that of trinitro-toluene or picric acid, but for
-equal volumes it is somewhat greater.
-
-=MARKANIT.= See =SILESIA=.
-
-=MARSIT.=--A sort of Oxyliquit. Liquid oxygen is passed into a
-linen bag containing soot.
-
-=M.B. POWDER= (Modernised Black) is a black powder mixture in
-which part of the potassium nitrate has been replaced by potassium
-or ammonium perchlorate, generally the potassium salt. It is
-manufactured at Bonnybridge, Stirling, at the works originally
-erected for making Mitchellite. During manufacture the composition is
-heated in steam boilers. (See “Arms and Explosives,” 1911, p. 7.)
-
-=M.D.= See =CORDITE=.
-
-=MEGANIT= is a Hungarian nitroglycerine explosive similar to
-American dynamite, except that it contains a small percentage of
-nitrated vegetable ivory.
-
-=MELANITE.=--A Belgian blasting explosive consisting of--
-
- Nitroglycerine 78
- Collodion cotton 4
- Sodium nitrate 18
-
-It contains, therefore, a considerable excess of oxygen.
-
-=MÉLINITE= is a high explosive used by the French for filling
-shell and other military purposes. It consists essentially of picric
-acid, to which other substances are sometimes added. Paraffin wax has
-been added to diminish the sensitiveness. Mélinite D is simply picric
-acid, but Mélinite O contains also a little Crésilite 2 (q. v.).
-
-=MELLING POWDER= was a coal-mine explosive on the Permitted
-List, made by the Cotton Powder Co. The permit has been repealed.
-
- _Date of Permit_ 1-9-13
-
- Nitroglycerine 5
- Ammonium nitrate 53·5
- Sodium nitrate 12
- Trinitro-toluene 6
- Wood meal 4·5
- Ammonium oxalate 19
-
- Limit charge 12 oz.
- Power (swing of
- ballistic pendulum) 2·62”
-
-=MERCURIT= is a blasting explosive that has been introduced
-recently in Germany. It consists of 88 per cent. of potassium
-chlorate and 12 per cent. of high boiling neutral tar oil. In
-Mercurit II. up to 20 per cent. of the chlorate may be replaced by
-perchlorate.
-
-=MERSEY POWDER= was a coal-mine explosive on the Permitted List,
-made by the Cotton Powder Co. The permit has been repealed.
-
- _Date of Permit_ 3-7-15
-
- Nitroglycerine 5·5
- Ammonium nitrate 51
- Sodium nitrate 11
- Trinitro-toluene 6
- Wood meal 3·5
- Ammonium chloride 23
-
- Limit charge 18 oz.
- Power (swing of
- ballistic pendulum) 2·60”
-
-=METEOR AXXO= is an American coal-mine explosive on the
-Permissible List. It is a low-grade dynamite containing a hydrated
-salt.
-
-=MIEDZIANKIT= (also called Egelit or Kieselbacher Chloratsprengstoff)
-is a German chlorate explosive of the Sprengel class. It consists
-of porous potassium chlorate impregnated with not more than 10 per
-cent. of kerosene, having a flash point not below 30° C. It has met
-with some unfavourable reports, as it is found that results are not
-uniform unless the impregnation be carried out in special factories,
-the original idea having been that it was to be done shortly before
-use.
-
-During the War a modification of the explosive was introduced for use
-in coal mines. This contains up to 30 per cent. of sodium chloride.
-
-=MINERITE.=--A coal-mine explosive made by the Forcite
-Co. of Baelen Wezel in Belgium, identical in composition with
-Kohlen-carbonite and Colinite antigrisouteuse.
-
-=MINER’S FRIEND, NOS. 1 to 6.= American coal-mine explosives on
-the Permissible List. They are ammonium nitrate explosives.
-
-=MINITE.=--A coal-mine explosive of the Grisounite type which
-was on the old Permitted List--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 89
- Trinitro-toluene 10
- Ammonium oxalate 1
-
-There was also an explosive of the Carbonite type of this name made
-at Arendonck in Belgium--
-
- Nitroglycerine 25
- Potassium nitrate 35
- Flour 39·5
- Soda 0·5
-
- Charge limite 750 g.
-
-=MIN-ITE.=--American coal-mine explosive on the Permissible
-List. Brands A, A-2, B, and B-2 are nitroglycerine explosives,
-whereas Nos. 5-D and 6-D are ammonium nitrate mixtures.
-
-=MINOLITE.=--A Belgian blasting explosive, which is also
-approved for transport over the German railways. It contains ammonium
-nitrate, dinitro- or trinitro-naphthalene with other substances added
-in some cases. A variety for use in coal mines is called Minolite
-antigrisouteuse.
-
- Minolite Minolite
- antigrisouteuse. nouvelle.
-
- Ammonium nitrate 72 87
- Sodium nitrate 23 3
- Trinitro-toluene 3 --
- Trinitro-naphthalene 2 5
- Dinitro-naphthalene -- 3
- Quebracho -- 2
-
- Charge limite 400 g.
-
-There was also a variety containing lead nitrate, but this could not
-be used in mines because of the poisonous smoke it evolved.
-
-=*MISCHPULVER= is a name given in German to ungelatinised
-smokeless nitro-cellulose powders.
-
-=MITCHELLITE= was an explosive that was formerly licensed for
-manufacture in Great Britain, and was made at Bonnybridge, Stirling,
-but the factory and the licence were transferred to the M.B. Powder
-Co. in 1910. It was apparently a chlorate or perchlorate explosive.
-It is said to be manufactured at Monticello, Indiana, U.S.A.
-
-=*MODDITE.=--A sporting rifle powder made by Eley Bros. Analysis
-of a sample showed--
-
- Nitroglycerine 38·7
- Nitrocellulose 56·8
- Mineral jelly 4·3
- Volatile matter 0·2
-
-Of the nitrocellulose about one-third was soluble in ether-alcohol.
-It was made in the form of strip.
-
-=MONACHIT= is a German blasting explosive which was known at one
-time as Vigorit. It is distinguished by containing nitro-compounds
-derived from naphtha, mostly nitro-xylenes and nitro-mesitylenes.
-
-Monachit I. contains ammonium nitrate, not more than 15 per cent.
-of nitro-compounds, of which not more than 60 per cent. must be
-trinitro-bodies, also vegetable meal and potassium nitrate.
-
-Monachit II. contains in addition not more than 1 per cent. of
-collodion cotton, not more than 1 per cent. of charcoal, also
-hydrocarbons and ammonium oxalate or other salts to act as cooling
-agents, and render the explosive suitable for use in coal mines,
-_e. g._--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 81 64
- Potassium nitrate 5 3
- Nitro-compounds 13 14
- Collodion cotton -- 1
- Flour 1 --
- Charcoal -- 1
- Potassium chloride -- 17
-
-The collodion cotton is to gelatinise the nitro-compounds when they
-are liquid.
-
-=MONARKITE= is a coal-mine explosive made by Kynoch, Ltd., and
-is on the Permitted List--
-
- _Date of Permit_ 10-2-14
- _Revised_ 20-9-19
-
- Ammonium nitrate 49[1]
- Sodium nitrate 9
- Nitroglycerine 11·5
- Collodion cotton 0·3
- Starch 3·5
- Mineral jelly 2
- Sodium chloride 24·7
-
- Limit charge 18 oz.
- Power (swing of
- ballistic pendulum) 2·30”
-
-[1] Including not more than 2 per cent. of magnesium carbonate.
-
-=MONOBEL= is a coal-mine explosive made by Nobel’s Explosives
-Co. There are three formulæ which have passed the Rotherham Test, but
-A1 is no longer on the Permitted List--
-
- Monobel A1 A2
- No. 1. Monobel. Monobel.
- _Date of Permit_ 10-2-14 13-5-14 15-1-15
-
- Ammonium nitrate 68 60 59
- Nitroglycerine 8·5 10 10
- Wood meal 8·5 10 10
- Sodium chloride 15 -- --
- Potassium chloride -- 20 20
- Magnesium carbonate -- -- 1
-
- Limit charge 10 28 22 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2·81 2·78 2·44”
-
-There is also Quarry Monobel which is not permitted for use in
-dangerous coal mines, and presumably contains no alkali chloride.
-
-See also Viking Powder and Victor Powder.
-
-=MONOBEL, NOS. 1= to =7= are on the American Permissible
-List. Of these, Nos. 4 and 5 are low-freezing explosives, containing
-a small percentage of nitro-toluene or similar substance; Nos. 3 and
-5 are less violent than the others.
-
-=MONOBEL POWDER= was the predecessor of the above and was on the
-old Permitted List. It is now no longer “permitted.”
-
- Ammonium nitrate 80
- Nitroglycerine 10
- Wood meal 10
-
-=*MULLERITE.=--A shot-gun powder made by the Muller Co. in
-Belgium. It is a gelatinised dense powder in the form of green
-leaflets, and the charge for a 12-bore cartridge was 33 grains. It
-contains no inorganic salts.
-
-
-=EXPLOSIFS N.= See Favier Explosives.
-
-=NAPHTHALIT.=--A German chlorate explosive introduced during the
-War. It contains not more than 80 per cent. of potassium chlorate,
-and aromatic hydrocarbons, such as naphthalene, and not more than
-12 per cent. of nitro-hydrocarbons, but no trinitro-compounds; also
-paraffins, fatty oils, flour or other organic substance. It may
-contain also alkali chlorides, and not more than 4 per cent. of
-blasting gelatine.
-
-The prefixes Gesteins- and Wetter- are applied according as the
-explosive is intended for rock or coal mines.
-
-Grisou-=NAPHTALITE=. See =FAVIER= Explosives.
-
-=NATIONALITE.=--A coal-mine explosive of the Grisounite class
-made by the National Explosives Co., Ltd. The composition, which was
-on the old Permitted List, was--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 92
- Di- and Trinitro-toluene 8
-
-But to pass the Rotherham Test it was necessary to add alkali
-chlorides. There were two formulæ formerly on the Permitted List--
-
- No. 1. No. 2.
- _Date of Permit_ 22-6-14 28-1-15
- Ammonium nitrate 65·5 64
- Trinitro-toluene 15 15
- Sodium chloride 19·5 --
- Potassium chloride -- 21
-
- Limit charge 12 20 oz.
- Power (swing of
- ballistic pendulum) 2·92 2·63”
-
-The permits have been repealed.
-
-=*N.C.T.= is the name given in the British service to the
-Nitro-Cellulose Tubular smokeless powder, made in the same way as the
-American service powder. It consists of nitro-cellulose completely
-soluble in ether-alcohol, but of comparatively high nitration. It is
-gelatinised with ether-alcohol and pressed into cords with either
-one or seven perforations running down them length-ways. These are
-cut into short cylinders and dried. The powder contains a little
-diphenylamine as a stabiliser.
-
-=N.E.= See New Explosives Company’s Smokeless Powder.
-
-=NEGRO POWDER.=--A coal-mine explosive of the Grisounite class
-made by Roburite and Ammonal, Ltd. The composition, which was on the
-old Permitted List, was--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 88
- Trinitro-toluene 10
- Graphite 2
- and a small quantity of colouring matter.
-
-To enable it to pass the Rotherham Test, sodium chloride has been
-added, and Negro Powder No. 2 is now on the Permitted List--
-
- _Date of Permit_ 25-11-13
- Ammonium nitrate 57
- Trinitro-toluene 15
- Graphite 0·7
- Sodium chloride 27·3
- Colouring matter small quantity
- Limit charge 20 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2·21”
-
-=NEONAL.=--A coal-mine explosive made by the New Explosives
-Company. Two formulæ were at one time on the Permitted List--
-
- No. 1.
- _Date of Permit_ 1-9-13 22-6-14
-
- Nitroglycerine 21 40
- Collodion cotton 1 2
- Di- and Trinitro-toluene 0·2 --
- Wood meal 15·8 5
- Potassium perchlorate 37 14
- Ammonium oxalate 25 39
- Limit charge 16 30 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2·56 2·51”
-
-Both have now been repealed.
-
-=*NEONITE.=--A 30-grain bulk gelatinised smokeless shot-gun
-powder introduced by the New Explosives Co. in 1907. According to an
-analysis given in “Arms and Explosives,” 1917, p. 76, its composition
-is--
-
- Nitrocellulose, insoluble 73·0
- ” soluble 9·0
- Metallic nitrates 10·5
- Vaseline 5·9
- Moisture 1·6
-
-Neonites are also made for various types of rifled small arms,
-including military rifles, cadet rifles, revolvers and rim-fire
-rifles. These are all nitrocellulose powders with or without
-moderants.
-
-=*NEW EXPLOSIVES COMPANY’S SMOKELESS POWDER= or =N.E.=--A
-36-grain fibrous bulk powder for shot-guns introduced in 1912.
-According to an analysis given in “Arms and Explosives,” 1917, p. 76,
-its composition is--
-
- Nitrocellulose, insoluble 50·0
- ” soluble 25·8
- Metallic nitrates 12·0
- Nitro-hydrocarbons 7·0
- Vaseline 3·5
- Moisture 1·7
-
-=NEW FORTEX.= See =FORTEX=.
-
-=NITRALITE.= See =DENSITE=.
-
-=NITRO-DENSITE.=--A coal-mine explosive made by Kynoch, Ltd. It
-was of the Carbonite type, and was at one time on the Permitted List--
-
- _Date of Permit_ 1-9-13
- Nitroglycerine 18
- Barium nitrate 25
- Wood meal 5·5
- Starch 28·5
- French chalk 23
-
- Limit charge 28 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 1·47”
-
-=*NITROKOL.=--A gelatinised nitrocellulose powder intended for
-use in rifles. It consists of a nitrocellulose, mostly soluble in
-ether-alcohol, and gelatinised with that solvent. It is made up in
-the form of small square flakes which are graphited.
-
-=NITROLIT.=--A high explosive used by the Germans for filling
-shell. It is a mixture of ammonium nitrate and trinitro-anisol.
-
-The name was formerly given by C. Lamm of Stockholm to a blasting
-explosive containing blasting gelatine, ammonium nitrate and other
-substances.
-
-=NITRO LOW-FLAME, NOS. 1= and =2= are American coal-mine
-explosives on the Permissible List. They are nitroglycerine mixtures.
-
-=NOBEL AMMONIA POWDER.=--A coal-mine explosive which was on the
-old Permitted List--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 84
- Nitroglycerine 8
- Wood meal 8
-
-=NOBEL GELATINE DYNAMITE.=}
-
-=NOBEL GELIGNITE.=} Under these names explosives were
-introduced during the War with modified compositions, the potassium
-nitrate being replaced by sodium nitrate, and the percentage of
-nitroglycerine being reduced.
-
-=NOBELIT= is a German blasting explosive containing blasting
-gelatine, carbonaceous substances, inorganic nitrates and sodium or
-potassium chloride.
-
-=AMMON-NOBELIT= contains ammonium nitrate, and the proportion of
-blasting gelatine is limited to 4 per cent. It may contain sodium or
-potassium oxalate, and various other substances that are not present
-in Nobelit.
-
-=*NORMAL POWDER.=--A smokeless powder which was said to have
-been adopted by the Governments of Switzerland, Sweden, Norway,
-Denmark and Finland. The following analyses were given in “Arms and
-Explosives,” 1917, p. 91--
-
- Rifle. Shot-gun Powders.
- _Date of Sample_ 1895 1913 1902
- Nitrocellulose, insoluble 93·0 8·8 40·8
- ” soluble 3·5 89·4 56·1
- Resin 2·0 -- --
- Moisture 1·5 1·8 2·0
-
-=NORMANITE.=--A coal-mine explosive which was made by the Cotton
-Powder Co., and was on the old Permitted List--
-
- Nitroglycerine 33·5
- Collodion cotton 1·5
- Potassium nitrate 44·5
- Wood meal 8
- Charcoal 1·5
- Ammonium oxalate 11
-
-Explosifs =O= are the chlorate explosives made in the French
-State factories. O1, O2, O4 and O5 are Cheddites (q. v.). O3 is a
-Sprengel explosive, and is dealt with under the heading of Prométhée.
-
-
-=OAKLEY QUARRY POWDER= is a blasting explosive consisting of
-ammonium nitrate and tetryl.
-
-=OAKLITE.=--A coal-mine explosive made by the Explosives and
-Chemical Products, Ltd., which was on the old Permitted List--
-
- No. 1. No. 2.
- Nitroglycerine 25·5 10
- Collodion cotton 1 0·5
- Potassium nitrate 34·5 --
- Ammonium nitrate -- 79·3
- Wood meal 38·7 10
- Magnesium carbonate 0·3 0·2
-
-=ODITE.=--A coal-mine explosive which was made by the New
-Explosives Co., and was on the old Permitted List--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 88
- Dinitro-benzene 12
-
-=OPHORITE.=--A mild but hot explosive consisting of--
-
- Potassium perchlorate 60
- Magnesium powder 40
-
-It is used as a bursting charge for incendiary shell, smoke bombs,
-etc.
-
-=ORKANIT= is the same as Alkalsit, but may contain sodium
-chloride and similar salts.
-
-=OXYLIQUIT= is a blasting explosive consisting of liquid oxygen
-absorbed in some porous combustile material, such as absorbent cork,
-soot or kieselguhr mixed with petroleum. It was discovered in 1895
-by Prof. F. C. Linde, and was tried on a large scale in 1899 in the
-construction of the Simplon tunnel. It is very cheap, and is safe in
-the case of a missfire, because in about half-an-hour the oxygen has
-all evaporated off and the charge becomes inexplosive. On the other
-hand, it is necessary to have the air liquefying plant near the scene
-of operations, and the charge must be fired soon after charging.
-These disadvantages prevented the adoption of the explosive, but
-during the War fresh trials were made in Germany in consequence of
-the scarcity of nitrates.
-
-Liquid oxygen explosives are now used on a considerable scale by
-the Germans for military, as well as civil blasting operations. The
-name Oxyliquit, however, seems only to be applied to them when the
-explosive is made in the manner and with the plant of the Linde
-Company. See also Marsit.
-
-=PANCLASTITE.=--A Sprengel explosive made by mixing liquid
-nitrogen peroxide with carbon bisulphide, nitro-benzene or
-nitro-toluene. It was proposed in 1881 by Turpin, and was tried by
-Germany for filling shell, the two constituents being contained
-in separate glass containers, which were broken by the shock of
-discharge. It was not adopted there on account of the inconvenience
-of dealing with a liquid which gives off poisonous fumes. It is a
-powerful and violent explosive, and is probably the same as the
-“Turpinite” about which sensational statements were made in the press
-early in the War.
-
-=PANNONIT.=--A blasting explosive made by the A. G. Dynamit
-Nobel of Austria. It has replaced Progressit in Austria as a
-coal-mine explosive. Its composition is--
-
- Nitroglycerine 25·5
- Collodion cotton 1·5
- Ammonium nitrate 37
- Dextrin 4
- Glycerine 3
- Nitro-toluene 5
- Sodium or potassium chloride 24
-
-=PASTANIL.=--A German ammonium nitrate blasting explosive
-similar to Plastammon.
-
-=*P.C./88.=--A Swiss smokeless powder for small-arms
-consisting of--
-
- Nitrocellulose 82
- Trinitro-toluene 18
-
-=PERAGON.=--A German blasting explosive containing potassium
-perchlorate, zinc-aluminium alloy, aromatic nitrocompounds and some
-other constituents.
-
-=PERCHLORIT= is a German blasting explosive introduced
-recently. It contains ammonium nitrate, a perchlorate, mono- and
-dinitro-compounds, meal, charcoal, and not more than 4 per cent. of
-nitroglycerine.
-
-=PERDIT.=--An explosive used by the Germans for mining and
-demolitions and rifle grenades. It consists of--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 76
- Potassium perchlorate 6
- Wood meal 2
- Dinitro-toluene 16
-
-=PERILIT.=--A German perchlorate blasting explosive made by the
-Koeln-Rottweil Pulverfabriken. It contains not more than 65 per cent.
-of potassium perchlorate, aromatic nitro-compounds, not more than
-6 per cent. of dinitro-chlorhydrin, flour, etc., and nitrates (but
-not more than 10 per cent. of potassium nitrate).
-
-=PERKORONIT.= See Koronit.
-
-=PERMON POWDER.=--A coal-mine explosive which was on the
-Permitted List. It was made by the Carbonite Syndicate in Germany,
-and imported into Great Britain--
-
- _Date of Permit_ 25-11-13
-
- Nitroglycerine 12
- Collodion cotton 0·4
- Ammonium nitrate 55
- Sodium nitrate 1
- Glycerine 4
- Potato flour 10·6
- Sodium chloride 17
-
- Limit charge 18 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2·57”
-
-The permit was repealed on 21-11-16.
-
-=PERMONITE.=--A potassium perchlorate explosive made by the
-Carbonite Syndicate at Schlebusch in Germany. A number of mixtures
-have been placed on the market, but they do not differ from one
-another very much. One which was on the old British Permitted List
-was--
-
- Potassium perchlorate 32·2
- Ammonium nitrate 41
- Nitroglycerine 3·5
- Collodion cotton 0·3
- Trinitro-toluene 12
- Starch 8
- Wood meal 3
-
-See also Gesteins Leonit.
-
-=PERRUMPIT.=--A German coal-mine explosive containing ammonium
-nitrate, sodium nitrate, vegetable meal, fatty oils, graphite
-and aluminium, cooling agents such as ammonium oxalate or sodium
-chloride, and not more than 15 per cent. of trinitro-toluene.
-
-=PERSALIT= is a German perchlorate explosive made by the
-Westfälisch-Anhaltische Sprengstoff A.-G. It contains not more than
-77 per cent. of an alkali or alkali earth perchlorate, organic matter
-such as hydrocarbons, resins, meal or nitrated hydrocarbons (with the
-proviso that if the percentage of perchlorate exceed 70, there must
-not be more than 10 per cent. of trinitro-toluene). There must also
-be not less than 4 per cent. of ammonium nitrate, and there may be an
-addition of sodium nitrate or other salt that does not increase the
-sensitiveness.
-
-=WETTER-PERSALIT= is a similar explosive, but has been modified
-to make it more suitable for use in coal mines. It contains not more
-than 35 per cent. of potassium perchlorate, not more than 25 per
-cent. of ammonium nitrate, aromatic nitro-compounds of which not
-more than 20 per cent. must be trinitro-toluene, vegetable meal, not
-more than 6 per cent. of nitroglycerine, sodium nitrate, and neutral
-salts. It is similar to Neu-Leonit.
-
-=PETROKLASTIT= or =HALOKLASTIT= is a modified gunpowder
-mixture used in Germany in potash mines and stone quarries. It
-contains sodium nitrate, sulphur, coal-tar pitch, potassium nitrate,
-not more than 1 per cent. of potassium bichromate, and may have up to
-10 per cent. of charcoal, as, for instance--
-
- Sodium nitrate 69
- Potassium nitrate 5
- Sulphur 10
- Coal-tar pitch 15
- Potassium bichromate 1
-
-It is more powerful than ordinary blasting powder, and somewhat less
-sensitive to blows. This explosive is also made in Switzerland.
-
-=PETROLIT= is a German chlorate explosive introduced during the
-War. It contains not more than 88 per cent. of potassium chlorate,
-nitro-compounds, kerosene, and neutral salts. (This is rather a
-dangerous mixture.--A.M.)
-
-=PFALZIT.=--A German blasting explosive containing
-ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, not more than 13 per cent. of
-trinitro-toluene, not more than 1 per cent. of collodion cotton,
-meal, sodium chloride, etc.
-
-=PHŒNIX POWDER.=--A German coal-mine explosive made by Dr. R.
-Nahnsen and Co., of Hamburg. It passed the Woolwich Test and was on
-the old Permitted List.
-
- Nitroglycerine 29·5
- Collodion cotton 0·5
- Potassium nitrate 32
- Wood meal 38
-
-=PICROL.=--See Shellite.
-
-=PIERRITE.=--A form of Cheddite which was made at Gamsee, near
-Brig, for excavating the Simplon tunnel--
-
- Potassium chlorate 80
- Nitro-naphthalene 11·5
- Picric acid 2
- Castor oil 6·5
-
-=PIT-ITE= was a coal-mine explosive of the Carbonite type, made
-by the New Explosives Co., Ltd. The composition, which was on the old
-Permitted List, was--
-
- Nitroglycerine 26
- Barium nitrate 33
- Wood meal 41
- and a little sodium or calcium carbonate.
-
-In order to pass the Rotherham Test, the composition was modified to
-the following, No. 2, which was formerly on the Permitted List--
-
- _Date of Permit_ 1-9-13
- Nitroglycerine 24
- Potassium nitrate 30
- Wood meal 38
- Ammonium oxalate 8
-
- Limit charge over 32 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2·15”
-
-=PITSEA POWDER NO. 2= was a coal-mine explosive on the Permitted
-List, made by the British Explosives Syndicate, Ltd.--
-
- _Date of Permit_ 25-11-13
- Nitroglycerine 6·5
- Ammonium nitrate 55
- Potassium nitrate 10
- Wood meal 10
- Ammonium oxalate 18·5
-
- Limit charge 8 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2·64”
-
-The permit has been repealed.
-
-Gesteins-=PLASTAMMON=.--A German blasting explosive containing
-not less than 70 per cent. of ammonium nitrate, glycerine, not more
-than 15 per cent. of nitro-toluene or other nitro-compounds, and not
-more than 4 per cent. of nitro-semicellulose.
-
-Steinkohlen-=PLASTAMMON= is a variation of this, containing not
-more than 25 per cent. of potassium nitrate, and intended for use in
-coal mines.
-
-=*PLASTOMENIT= was an early German shot-gun powder which
-possessed no great merits. The following was the composition of a
-sample examined in 1893, and given in “Arms and Explosives,” 1917, p.
-90--
-
- Nitrocellulose, insoluble 32·7
- ” soluble 19·3
- Metallic nitrates 21·0
- Dinitro-toluene (solvent) 26·0
- Moisture 1·0
-
-=PLASTROTYL.=--A German high explosive for filling shell.
-It consists of a partially liquid mixture of trinitro- and
-dinitro-toluene gelatinised by means of not more than 0·5 per cent.
-of collodion cotton, and mixed with a small quantity of turpentine or
-soft resin. It does not appear to be in use now.
-
-=PLESSIT= is a blasting explosive that was introduced in Germany
-during the War. It consists of potassium chlorate, not more than 9·5
-per cent. of kerosene and 0·5 per cent. of albumen. Wetter-Plessit
-III. contains sodium chloride as well.
-
-=PNIOWIT.=--A German blasting explosive containing ammonium
-nitrate, trinitro-toluene, wood meal and a small percentage of
-potassium perchlorate.
-
-Nobel =POLARITE= is a blasting explosive made by Nobel’s
-Explosives Co., Ltd. It consists of potassium perchlorate, and
-nitroglycerine mixed with a nitro-compound and gelatinised with
-collodion cotton, and absorbed in wood meal.
-
-Poudres =B=, =J=, =M=, =S=, =T=. See under
-respective letters.
-
-=PRAEPOSIT= is a modified gunpowder--
-
- Potassium (or sodium) nitrate 70
- Sulphur 18
- Charcoal 6
- Hipposin 6
-
-the last constituent being a fine powdery substance obtained from
-dried horse dung. It is slower than ordinary blasting powder and more
-expensive. It has a tendency to blow out, and opinions as to its
-value vary. Formerly it was supplied in the form of a fine powder,
-but it is now granulated or made into compressed cartridges.
-
-=*PRIMROSE SMOKELESS= is an inexpensive 42-grain bulk powder for
-shot-guns made by the New Explosives Co.
-
-=PROGRESSIT= was an explosive formerly used in Austrian coal
-mines--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 94 89
- Aniline hydrochloride 6 5
- Ammonium sulphate -- 6
-
-It was superseded in 1913 by Pannonit.
-
-=PROMÉTHÉE= or =PROMETHEUS= is a Sprengel explosive made
-by the French Government, by whom it is also called Explosif O3. It
-consists of a porous oxygen carrier and a liquid combustible, which
-are supplied separately, and the one is dipped in the other shortly
-before use--
-
- _a_ _b_ _c_
- Potassium chlorate 95 90 80 }
- Manganese dioxide 5 10 20 } Oxygen carrier, 92 to 87%
-
- 1 2
- Nitro-benzene 50 60 }
- Turpentine 20 15 } Combustible, 8 to 13%
- Naphtha 30 25 }
-
-Any combination of _a_, _b_ or _c_ with 1 or 2 may be
-used. The amount of liquid combustible taken up may vary from 8 to 13
-per cent.: this irregularity is a serious defect, and may cause
-incomplete detonation. This explosive is also made in Italy.
-
-=PROSPERIT= is a German ammonium nitrate explosive, containing
-also vegetable meal, nitro-compounds and other constituents. It may
-contain up to 4 per cent. of blasting gelatine.
-
-Gelatine-Prosperit contains also up to 20 per cent. of
-dinitro-chlorhydrin gelatinised with collodion cotton.
-
-=PULVÉRIN.=--An ungranulated black powder made in France for use
-in fireworks, etc.
-
-=PULVÉRITE.=--A Belgian coal-mine explosive containing
-perchlorate--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 30·5
- Potassium perchlorate 24
- Nitroglycerine 6
- Collodion cotton 0·5
- Trinitro-toluene 7
- Flour 5
- Sodium chloride 18
- Ammonium sulphate 7
- Barium sulphate 2
-
-The “charge limite” is 850 grammes, equivalent to 504 grammes of
-Dynamite No. 1.
-
-=PYROCOLLODION= is a nitrocotton almost entirely soluble in
-ether-alcohol, and of comparatively high nitration. It contains
-about 12·5 to 12·7 per cent. of nitrogen, and consequently has about
-enough oxygen to oxidise all its hydrogen to water, and its carbon
-to the monoxide. It was first prepared by Mendeléeff for the Russian
-smokeless powder, and was afterwards adopted by the United States for
-their present powder.
-
-=PYROXILINE= was a name formerly given to nitro-cellulose.
-
-=RACK-A-ROCK= is a Sprengel explosive which has been used
-extensively in America, and also in Siberia and China. It consists
-of cartridges of potassium chlorate mixed sometimes with oxide of
-iron, which are dipped shortly before use into a liquid. The latter
-is nitro-benzene or “dead oil,” a heavy hydrocarbon oil obtained
-from coal-tar, or a mixture of the two. The chlorate cartridges
-are enclosed in small cotton bags, and are placed in a wire basket
-suspended from a spring balance. They are dipped into a vessel
-containing the liquid until a quarter or a third of the weight of the
-chlorate has been taken up.
-
-=RASCHIT= is a blasting explosive consisting entirely of salts
-readily soluble in water, invented by F. Raschig. The incorporation
-is carried out by dissolving the constituents in water, and
-evaporating the solution rapidly on a rotating steam-heated drum.
-The oxidising substance is ammonium or sodium nitrate, and the
-combustible is the sodium salt of an organic sulphonate or the
-residue obtained from the manufacture of wood cellulose.
-
- II. III. IV. V. VI.
- Ammonium nitrate -- 84 87 60 85
- Sodium nitrate 70 -- -- -- --
- Ammonium nitro-cresol sulphonate -- 16 -- -- --
- Sodium cresol sulphonate 30 -- 13 10 --
- Cellulose residue -- -- -- -- 15
- Sodium sulphate -- -- -- 30 --
-
-No. II. is the only one made at present.
-
-=R.D.B.= (Research Department B). See =CORDITE=.
-
-=RED CROSS= explosives are American dynamites containing
-some nitro-toluene or other substance to make the nitroglycerine
-low-freezing.
-
-=RED H=, Nos. 1 to 7 are American coal-mine explosives on the
-Permissible List. They are ammonium nitrate mixtures.
-
-=*RED STAR= is a 33-grain bulk smokeless powder for shot-guns,
-introduced in 1906 by the New Explosives Co. According to an analysis
-given in “Arms and Explosives,” 1917, p. 76, its composition is--
-
- Nitrocellulose, insoluble 52·2
- ” soluble 25·5
- Metallic nitrates 10·5
- Nitro-compounds 7·0
- Vaseline 3·0
- Moisture 1·8
-
-=RENDROCK.=--A brand of American dynamite.
-
-=REX POWDER= is a coal-mine explosive made by the Cotton Powder
-Co. It is on the Permitted List, and is used to a considerable
-extent--
-
- _Date of Permit_ 16-8-15
- Nitroglycerine 12
- Ammonium nitrate 60
- Wood meal 8·5
- Sodium chloride 19·5
-
- Limit charge 20 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2·61”
-
-=REXITE.=--A coal-mine explosive made by the New Explosives Co.,
-which was on the old Permitted List. It is no longer “permitted.”
-
- Nitroglycerine 7·5
- Ammonium nitrate 66
- Sodium nitrate 14·5
- Trinitro-toluene 7·5
- Wood meal 4·5
-
-=REXOL.=--A high explosive containing ammonium perchlorate,
-zinc dust, resin and mineral oil.
-
-=R.F.G.= (Rifled Fine Grain)} black powders made for
-
-=R.L.G.= (Rifled Large Grain)} rifles and rifled ordnance
-respectively.
-
-=RHENANIT.=--A German blasting explosive containing ammonium
-nitrate, not more than 4 per cent. of blasting gelatine, and
-combustibles such as charcoal and naphthalene.
-
-Wetter-Rhenanit is for use in coal mines, and contains also sodium
-chloride.
-
-Rhenanit V., which has been introduced recently, contains up to 10
-per cent. of potassium perchlorate, and is similar to Astralit V.
-
-=RHEXIT.=--An Austrian dynamite.
-
- II. III. IV. V.
- Nitroglycerine 50 35 24 15
- Sodium nitrate 32·6 37 56·2 62·9
- Wood meal 17 27·5 19 21·2
- Sodium carbonate 0·4 0·5 0·8 0·9
-
-=*RIFLEITE= was a completely gelatinised smokeless powder which
-was made by the Smokeless Powder Co.; it was in the form of flakes.
-A variety was also introduced for use in shot-guns and was called
-Shot-Gun Rifleite; this was a 37-grain gelatinised dense powder.
-
- Shot-gun For ·303
- Rifleite. Rifle.
- _Date of Introduction_ 1894 1890
-
- Nitrocellulose, insoluble 76·0 1·7
- ” soluble 18·9 82·5
- Nitro-compound 3·5 14·8
- Moisture 1·6 1·0
-
-The nitrocellulose was made from lignin. These analyses were given in
-“Arms and Explosives,” 1917, p. 77.
-
-=RIPPING AMMONAL.= See =AMMONAL=.
-
-=RIPPITE= is an explosive made by Curtis’s and Harvey, which was
-on the old Permitted List--
-
- Nitroglycerine 61
- Collodion cotton 4
- Potassium nitrate 19
- Castor oil 1
- Wood meal 5
- Ammonium oxalate 10
-
-It is no longer “permitted” for use in dangerous coal mines, but is
-still used for general purposes.
-
-=SUPER-RIPPITE= is a modification of this, which has passed the
-Rotherham Test and is on the Permitted List--
-
- _Date of Permit_ 29-8-14
- Nitroglycerine 52
- Collodion cotton 3
- Potassium nitrate 14·5
- Borax 22·5
- Potassium chloride 8
-
- Limit charge 18 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2·53”
-
-=RIVALIT= is a German blasting explosive containing ammonium
-nitrate, vegetable meal, nitro-compounds, and may also contain up to
-3 per cent. of blasting gelatine.
-
-Rivalit P, which has been introduced recently, contains up to 10
-per cent. of potassium perchlorate, and is practically the same as
-Astralit V.
-
-Chlorat-Rivalit is an explosive of the Cheddite type, introduced in
-Germany during the War--
-
- Potassium chlorate 88·5
- Paraffin 11·5
-
-=ROBURITE= is a coal-mine explosive of the Grisounite class. In
-Germany many different mixtures have been made, but in general they
-are within the following limits--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 70 to 80
- Potassium nitrate 5 ” 10
- Trinitro-toluene 12 ” 15
- Flour 6
- Sodium chloride 5 to 6
- Potassium permanganate 0·1 ” 0·5
-
-but some are outside them.
-
-The explosive has also been made in England by the Roburite
-Explosives Co., Ltd., now incorporated in Roburite and Ammonal,
-Ltd., who had the following on the old Permitted List--
-
- No. 3
- Ammonium nitrate 88
- Dinitro-benzene 11
- Chlor-naphthalene 1
-
-The following has passed the Rotherham Test and is now
-on the Permitted List--
-
- No. 4
- _Date of Permit_ 13-5-14
- Ammonium nitrate 61
- Trinitro-toluene 16
- Sodium chloride 23
-
- Limit charge 18 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2·86”
-
-=ROCKITE= is an explosive made by Curtis’s and Harvey for quarry
-work, etc.
-
-=ROMPERIT.=--A German blasting explosive containing ammonium
-nitrate, potassium nitrate, trinitro-toluene, flour and resin. It may
-also contain up to 4 per cent. of blasting gelatine.
-
-Wetter-Romperit contains also sodium chloride, ammonium chloride or
-magnesite, and is used in coal mines.
-
-Gelatine-Romperit contains gelatinised nitroglycerine, glycerine,
-potato meal, etc., and nitrates, and may also contain aromatic
-nitro-compounds and alkali nitrates.
-
-Romperit G, which has been introduced recently, contains up to 10 per
-cent. of potassium perchlorate, and is similar to Astralit V.
-
-=ROSLIN GIANT BLASTING POWDER= is a perchlorate explosive made
-by Curtis’s and Harvey.
-
-=*ROTTWEIL SMOKELESS POWDERS.=--These were pushed energetically
-in England in 1913. They comprised a gelatinised rifle powder, and a
-37-grain gelatinised dense shot-gun powder. Analyses were given in
-“Arms and Explosives,” 1917, p. 90--
-
- Shot-gun. Rifle.
- Nitrocellulose, insoluble 72·3 72·8
- ” soluble 24·5 25·0
- Metallic nitrates 0·7 --
- Camphor and diphenylamine 1·0 1·0
- Moisture 1·5 1·2
-
-=*RUBY POWDER.=--- A 42-grain bulk smokeless powder, for
-shot-guns, introduced in 1899 by Curtis’s and Harvey. The following
-analysis was given in “Arms and Explosives,” 1917--
-
- Nitrocellulose, insoluble 46·6
- ” soluble 4·0
- Metallic nitrates 34·0
- Nitro-compound 8·2
- Starch 5·5
- Moisture 1·7
-
-It is an inexpensive powder made without solvents.
-
-=RUSSELITE.=--A coal-mine explosive which was made by the
-Forcite Co. in Belgium. It was on the old British Permitted List--
-
- Nitroglycerine 40·5
- Collodion cotton 2·3
- Potassium nitrate 24·5
- Trinitro-toluene 5·5
- Wood meal 4
- Ammonium oxalate 23
- Calcium carbonate 0·2
-
-
-*Poudre =S= is a shot-gun powder made by the French Government.
-It consists of--
-
- Guncotton 37
- Soluble nitrocotton 28
- Potassium nitrate 6
- Barium nitrate 29
- Moisture 2
-
-The ingredients are incorporated together under light edge runners,
-dried and partially gelatinised with 35 per cent. of ether-alcohol.
-The dough, which is not very coherent, is formed into grains by
-simply passing it through a sieve. The grains are dried, sifted,
-hardened if necessary with ether-alcohol, and again dried and sifted.
-
-=SABULITE= is a blasting explosive containing ammonium nitrate,
-trinitro-toluene and calcium silicide. The last constituent increases
-the heat of explosion and renders the mixture more sensitive both
-to detonation and to blows; it plays the same part as the aluminium
-powder in Ammonal.
-
- Ammonium nitrate 78
- Trinitro-toluene 8
- Calcium silicide 14
-
-This composition was modified by the Belgian Sabulite Co. to render
-it suitable for use in coal mines: by introducing some potassium
-nitrate and ammonium chloride it was able to pass the tests, and
-obtain a place on the list of “explosifs S.G.P.”--
-
- Sabulite
- antigri-
- souteuse A.
-
- Ammonium nitrate 54
- Potassium nitrate 22
- Ammonium chloride 13
- Trinitro-toluene 6
- Calcium silicide 5
-
-Sabulite has been used as a military high explosive.
-
-=SAFETY BLASTING POWDER.= See =CAHUECIT=.
-
-=SALIT= or Wittenberger Wetterdynamit is a German
-coal-mine explosive. The following is an analysis--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 53·6
- Nitroglycerine 11·8
- Collodion cotton 0·5
- Dinitro-toluene 8·5
- Dextrin 2·5
- Sodium chloride 23·1
-
-=SAMSONITE.=--A coal-mine explosive made by Nobel’s Explosives
-Co., Ltd. It was on the old Permitted List. It is now no longer
-permitted for use in dangerous coal mines but is still used for
-general purposes.
-
- Nitroglycerine 58·5
- Collodion cotton 3·5
- Potassium nitrate 18
- Wood meal 6·5
- Ammonium oxalate 13·5
-
-During the War potassium nitrate was replaced by sodium nitrate, and
-the nitroglycerine was reduced to 50 per cent.
-
-Nos. 2 and 3 have passed the Rotherham Test and are on the Permitted
-List--
-
- No. 2. No. 3.
- _Date of Permit_ 25-1-19 25-1-19
- Nitroglycerine 51·5 51·5
- Collodion cotton 3 3
- Amide compound 0·2 0·3
- Potassium perchlorate 11 --
- Sodium nitrate -- 10
- Borax 23·3 25·2
- Potassium chloride 10 --
- Sodium chloride -- 10
- Moisture 1 --
- Limit charge 26 24 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2·49 2·42”
-
-=SAXONITE= was the predecessor of Samsonite on the old Permitted
-List. It has practically the same composition, but wide limits
-are allowed. It also is used for general purposes. During the War
-potassium nitrate was replaced by sodium nitrate.
-
-Ammon-=SCHLESIT= or Kohlen-=SCHLESIT= is a German
-coal-mine explosive containing ammonium nitrate and other nitrates,
-nitro-compounds, starch, neutral salts, not more than 4 per cent.
-of blasting gelatine, and not more than 2 per cent. of potassium
-perchlorate.
-
-=SCHNEIDERITE= is a high explosive used by the French for
-filling shell. Its composition is the same as the Favier explosive
-N_1 c.
-
-=*SCHULTZE POWDER= was the first successful smokeless powder
-made. It was invented by Capt. E. Schultze of the Prussian Artillery,
-who appears at first simply to have impregnated little grains of
-wood with saltpetre (Eng. Pat. 900 of 1864). But later the wood
-cellulose was purified and nitrated, and then mixed with nitrates.
-The powder has remained the same as this until the present day,
-although the methods of manufacture have been developed and, indeed,
-revolutionised more than once. In “Arms and Explosives,” 1917, p. 75,
-the following analyses of different brands were given--
-
- Sawdust. Schultze. Imperial. Cube. Lightning.
- _Date introduced_ 1869 1883 1902 1908 1913
- _Charge for_ 42 42 33 30 33
- _12-bore grns._
- Fibrous. Fibrous. Fibrous. Gelatinised. Fibrous.
- Nitrocellulose,
- insoluble} 25·0 63·7 62·1 55·0
- ” soluble} 64·8 40·0 18·9 27·0 27·0
- Metallic nitrates 33·0 29·0 8·0 5·0 11·2
- Vaseline -- 4·0 7·6 4·0 5·0
- Moisture 2·2 2·0 1·8 1·9 1·8
-
-The nitrocellulose in all cases has been made from wood
-cellulose. All the powders are of the bulk type.
-
-Schultze powder is also made in America as a 36-grain
-fibrous bulk powder--
-
- Nitrocellulose, insoluble 4·9
- ” soluble 78·5
- Metallic nitrates 10·5
- Vaseline 3·7
- Moisture 2·4
-
-=SEAMEX= is a coal-mine explosive on the Permitted List made by
-Explosives and Chemical Products, Ltd.--
-
- Nitroglycerine 10
- Ammonium nitrate 58
- Wheat flour 20
- Sodium chloride 12
-
- Limit charge 36 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2.54”
-
-=SEBOMITE= is a French chlorate explosive resembling Cheddite,
-but containing tallow instead of castor oil.
-
-=SECURITE= was one of the first coal-mine explosives. It
-contained ammonium nitrate and dinitro-benzene, and was therefore
-similar to Bellite and Roburite.
-
-=SECUROPHORE.=--A Belgian coal-mine explosive containing
-nitroglycerine, nitrates, flour and other constituents.
-
-=SENGITE= is a variety of Tonite introduced in South Africa
-as a substitute for Gelignite in consequence of the scarcity of
-glycerine due to the War. It contains guncotton and sodium nitrate,
-and sufficient moisture to render it safe to handle without
-diminishing its strength. The first four letters of its name stand
-for _s_ubstitute _e_xplosive _n_o _g_lycerine. It requires a priming
-cartridge of gelignite or similar explosive. It is more expensive
-than gelignite, and consequently is not likely to be used when the
-scarcity of glycerine has been relieved.
-
-=SHELLITE.=--A high explosive consisting of picric acid and
-dinitro-phenol, used for filling shells. The mixture possesses
-the advantage over straight picric acid that it melts at a lower
-temperature. It was for a time called Picrol.
-
-=SHEPPEY POWDER.=--A coal-mine explosive made by the Cotton
-Powder Co. which was on the Permitted List for a short time, but was
-removed in 1914--
-
- _Date of Permit_ 25-11-13
-
- Nitroglycerine 27
- Potassium nitrate 31
- Wood meal 36
- Ammonium oxalate 6
-
- Limit charge 10 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2·10”
-
-=SIEGENIT.=--A German blasting explosive containing ammonium
-nitrate, flour, and not more than 15 per cent. of dinitro-toluene.
-For use in coal mines, sodium chloride and magnesium sulphate are
-added as diluents, and nitroglycerine to increase the sensitiveness.
-
-=SILESIA= is a German blasting explosive consisting of potassium
-chlorate, the particles of which are coated with resin or oxidised
-resin. The latter is made by treating ground colophony, mixed with 10
-per cent. of starch, with nitric acid. After washing and drying this
-is incorporated with the chlorate with the aid of alcohol, in which
-it is soluble. For use in coal mines sodium chloride is sometimes
-added. The following are examples--
-
- 4. 4_a_. IV. 22.
- Potassium chlorate 80 80 70
- Resin 20 16 } 8
- ” oxidised -- 4 }
- Sodium chloride -- -- 22
-
-It is practically the same as Steelite.
-
-=*S.K., S.R., S.S., S.V.= were partially gelatinised fibrous
-smokeless powders, introduced by the Smokeless Powder Co. about 1889.
-They are no longer made. The following analyses were given in “Arms
-and Explosives,” 1917, p. 77--
-
- S.R. S.S.
- Nitrocellulose, insoluble 45·2 53·0
- ” soluble 25·5 13·0
- Metallic nitrates. 18·5 18·0
- Nitro-compound -- 10·0
- Vaseline -- 4·6
- Starch 8·0 --
- Moisture 2·8 1·4
-
-The nitrocellulose was made from lignin. S.S. was a 38-grain bulk
-powder; S.R. was a fibrous powder for rifles; S.K. a similar powder
-for small rifles, and S.V. for revolvers.
-
-=*SMOKELESS DIAMOND= is a 33-grain bulk smokeless powder for
-shot-guns, introduced in 1903 by Curtis’s and Harvey. According to an
-analysis in “Arms and Explosives,” 1917, p. 78, its composition is--
-
- Nitrocellulose, insoluble 69·0
- ” soluble 6·6
- Metallic nitrates 15·0
- Vaseline 2·5
- Charcoal 5·6
- Moisture 1·3
-
-=*SOLENITE.=--A smokeless powder introduced in Italy in 1896 for
-use in rifles--
-
- Nitroglycerine 34
- Nitrocotton, soluble 63
- Mineral jelly 3
-
-It is gelatinised with the aid of acetone, and is made in the form of
-translucent short tubes of a light brown colour.
-
-=SPRENGCHLORAT.= See Hassia-Chlorat.
-
-=SPRENGEL EXPLOSIVES= were patented in 1871 by Dr. Hermann
-Sprengel, F.R.S., the inventor of the mercury vacuum pump. They are
-made by mixing an oxidising substance with a combustible one, the
-essential features being that one or both of the substances must be
-liquid, and the mixing takes place shortly before the explosive is
-required. The mixture is exploded by means of a fulminate detonator.
-As oxidising agents, Sprengel mentioned amongst others nitric acid
-and potassium chlorate; nitrogen peroxide has also been used; as
-combustibles, a large number of substances including nitro-benzene,
-nitro-naphthalene, carbon bisulphide, petroleum and picric acid. For
-most purposes nitric acid is an inconvenient material to use. Porous
-cartridges of potassium chlorate constitute the oxidiser generally
-employed, the combustibles being hydrocarbon oils and nitro-benzene.
-This possesses considerable advantages, as there is no danger of
-a premature explosion until the constituents have been mixed.
-Under the British Explosives Act, however, this mixing constitutes
-“manufacture,” and can only be carried out in a properly licensed
-factory. Consequently Sprengel explosives have not been used in Great
-Britain, but they have been employed on a considerable scale in the
-United States, France, Italy and other countries.
-
-For examples of Sprengel explosives _see_ Panclastite, Prométhée,
-Rack-a-Rock.
-
-=SPRENGGELATINE= is the German for Blasting Gelatine.
-
-=SPRENGSALPETER= is a cheap German blasting powder made from
-sodium nitrate, sulphur and brown coal. It is used in the potash
-mines.
-
-=STABILITE= is a name that has been given to trinitro-anisole.
-It has been tried as a constituent of a smokeless powder, but it
-belies its title as it is readily hydrolysed with the formation of
-picric acid. It has also been used by the Germans as a filling for
-bombs.
-
-=STANFORD POWDER.=--A coal-mine explosive of the Favier class
-which was on the Permitted List for a short time in 1913.
-
-=STEELITE= was practically the same as Silesia. Colliery
-Steelite was a coal-mine explosive on the old Permitted List, and
-made by Steelite Explosives, Ltd. It contained--
-
- Potassium chlorate 74
- Oxidised resin 25
- Castor oil 1
-
-Steelite is no longer authorised for manufacture or import
-into the United Kingdom.
-
-=ST. HELEN’S POWDER.=--A coal-mine explosive of the Ammonal type
-made by the Roburite Explosives Co., which was on the old Permitted
-List--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 93·5
- Aluminium powder 2·5
- Trinitro-toluene 4
-
-=STOMONAL= is a coal-mine explosive made by the New Explosives
-Co., Ltd. It was on the old Permitted List. In order to pass the
-Rotherham Test and obtain places on the new Permitted List, No. 1 and
-No. 2 have had salts added as cooling agents--
-
- No. 1. No. 2.
- _Date of Permit_ 22-6-14 9-5-17
-
- Nitroglycerine 8 10 10
- Ammonium nitrate 84·5 56[2] 60·5
- Sodium nitrate -- 6 --
- Wood meal 7·5 -- 6·5
- Wheat flour -- 8·5 --
- Sodium chloride -- 19·5 17
- Ammonium oxalate -- -- 6
-
- Limit charge -- 20 30 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) -- 2·68 2·57”
-
-[2] Including not more than 2 per cent. magnesium carbonate.
-
-=STONAX= is a low-freezing Gelignite containing a small
-percentage of a nitro-compound.
-
-=STOW-ITE.=--A coal-mine explosive made by the New Explosives
-Co., Ltd. It was on the old Permitted List--
-
- Nitroglycerine 59
- Collodion cotton 4·7
- Potassium nitrate 18·3
- Wood meal 6
- Ammonium oxalate 12
-
-=*STOWMARKET SMOKELESS= is a 33-grain bulk powder for shot-guns
-made by the New Explosives Co. It is a comparatively inexpensive
-powder.
-
-=SUNDERITE= was a coal-mine explosive made by Nobel’s Explosives
-Co., Ltd., at one time on the Permitted List--
-
- _Date of Permit_ 25-11-13
-
- Nitroglycerine 9
- Ammonium nitrate 53·2
- Potassium perchlorate 9
- Wood meal 8·8
- Ammonium oxalate 20
-
- Limit charge 16 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2·66”
-
-=SUPER-CLIFFITE.= See =CLIFFITE=.
-
-=SUPER-CURTISITE.= See =CURTISITE=.
-
-=SUPER-EXCELLITE.= See =EXCELLITE=.
-
-=SUPERITE.=--A coal-mine explosive which was made by the
-Carbonite Company in Germany, and formerly on the Permitted List--
-
- _Date of Permit_ 1-9-13
- Nitroglycerine 4
- Ammonium nitrate 82
- Potassium nitrate 10
- Starch 4
-
- Limit charge 10 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2·53”
-
-The Permit was repealed on 21-11-16.
-
-=SUPER-KOLAX.= See =KOLAX.=
-
-=SUPER-RIPPITE.= See =RIPPITE=.
-
-=SWALE POWDER= was a coal-mine explosive on the
-Permitted List made by the Cotton Powder Co., Ltd.--
-
- _Date of Permit_ 10-2-14
- Nitroglycerine 19
- Collodion cotton 1
- Trinitro-toluene 4
- Potassium perchlorate 38
- Wood meal 10
- Ammonium oxalate 28
-
- Limit charge 20 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2·50”
-
-The permit has been repealed.
-
-=SWALITE.=--A coal-mine explosive made by the Cotton
-Powder Co., Ltd. It was on the old Permitted List--
-
- Nitroglycerine 59·5
- Collodion cotton 4
- Potassium nitrate 17
- Wood meal 6
- Ammonium oxalate 13·5
-
-=SYNDITE.=--A coal-mine explosive formerly on the Permitted
-List. It was made by the Carbonite Syndicate in Germany--
-
- Nitroglycerine 11
- Collodion cotton 0·2
- Ammonium nitrate 46·3
- Sodium nitrate 8
- Glycerine 3·5
- Starch 4
- Sodium chloride 27
-
- Limit charge over 40 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2·22”
-
-The permit was repealed on 21-9-16.
-
-*Poudre =T= is a condensed smokeless shot-gun powder
-manufactured by the French Government. It is made from guncotton,
-CP_1, to which 2 per cent. of saltpetre is added, gelatinised with
-acetone. The dough is pressed into strips which are rolled down to a
-thickness of 0·15 mm. and cut into small squares of 1·5 mm. side. The
-powder is then steeped in water to dissolve out the greater part of
-the potassium nitrate, dried, and finally drummed with a little gum
-and graphite to make it more progressive. This powder is superior to
-the other French sporting-powders, but is more expensive. The charge
-for a 16-bore cartridge is 1·9 grammes.
-
-
-=TELSIT A= is a blasting explosive made at the Nobel Works in
-Switzerland. It consists of ammonium nitrate, nitrated toluene and
-aluminium powder.
-
-Gelatine-Telsit contains ammonium nitrate, blasting gelatine and
-liquid trinitro-toluene, also gelatinised with collodion cotton.
-
-Special-Gelatine-Telsit differs from this in having part of the
-ammonium nitrate replaced by sodium nitrate.
-
-=TERRIT= is a plastic blasting explosive made in Sweden, and
-consisting of ammonium perchlorate, sodium nitrate and liquid
-dinitro-toluene, gelatinised with collodion cotton--
-
- Ammonium perchlorate 43
- Sodium nitrate 28
- Dinitro-toluene (liquid) 27·8
- Collodion cotton 1·2
-
-It is difficult to detonate.
-
-=TETRYL= is the name usually given to tetranitro-methyl-aniline,
-the strictly scientific designation of which is trinitro-phenyl-
-methyl-nitramine--
-
- CH_3 NO_2
- \ /
- \ /
- N
- / \
- NO_2 | | NO_2
- | |
- \ /
- NO_2
-
-It is used extensively as an intermediate detonating agent for
-high-explosive shell, as it is somewhat more sensitive than most of
-the explosives used, and can consequently be detonated by a small
-charge of fulminate. It is also called C. E.
-
-Grisou-=TETRILITE=. See Favier Powder.
-
-=TEUTONIT= is a German Favier explosive containing not less than
-70 per cent. of ammonium nitrate, not more than 5 per cent. of flour
-or potato meal, and not more than 15 per cent. of aromatic nitro- and
-dinitro-compounds. It may also contain neutral salts.
-
-=TEUTONITE= was a name given occasionally to White Gunpowder
-(q. v.).
-
-=THAMES POWDER= is a coal-mine explosive on the Permitted List
-made by the British Explosives Syndicate, Ltd.--
-
- No. 2.
- _Date of Permit_ 22-6-14 28-1-15
-
- Nitroglycerine 6·5 10
- Ammonium nitrate 55 59[3]
- Potassium nitrate 10 --
- Wood meal 4·5 10
- Starch 5 --
- Ammonium oxalate 19 --
- Sodium chloride -- 21
-
- Limit charge 32 22
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2·78 2·59”
-
-[3] Including not more than 2 per cent. of magnesium carbonate.
-
-=THERMIT= is not an explosive, although in some respects it
-resembles one. It generally consists of a mixture of about three
-parts oxide of iron with one part of aluminium powder, but other
-oxides and other metals are sometimes used. When initiated by strong
-heat in one place a reaction sets in with great evolution of heat
-and the formation of a white-hot mass of molten iron and slag. It
-differs from an explosive in that no gas is formed and the reaction
-is comparatively slow. It is used for filling incendiary bombs and
-for many industrial purposes.
-
-=THORNIT.=--A German blasting explosive consisting of ammonium
-nitrate and vegetable meal. It may also contain animal or vegetable
-fats.
-
-=TITANITE.=--A coal-mine explosive manufactured in Hungary.
-A variety of it was on the old British Permitted List--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 87
- Trinitro-toluene 7
- Curcuma charcoal 6
-
-Other varieties containing a smaller percentage of ammonium
-nitrate have been used for general blasting.
-
-=T.N.T.= stands for trinitro-toluene or trotyl.
-
-=TOLITE= stands for trinitro-toluene.
-
-=TONITE=, or Cotton Powder, is a blasting explosive which was
-much used at one time. It consists of guncotton mixed with a nitrate
-and compressed into blocks or cylinders, but a small percentage of
-a nitro-compound has sometimes been added. A Belgian Tonite had the
-composition--
-
- Guncotton 53·0
- Barium nitrate 37·6
- Sodium nitrate 9·4
-
-That made by the Cotton Powder Co. consists of--
-
- Guncotton 50
- Barium nitrate 50
-
-=TOXOL= is a high explosive, a mixture of trinitro-xylene
-and trinitro-toluene.
-
-=TREMONIT= is a German coal-mine explosive containing
-gelatinised dinitro-glycerine, _e.g._--
-
- Tremonit S II.
- Dinitro-glycerine 33
- Collodion cotton 1
- Trinitro-toluene 2·5
- Ammonium nitrate 26·5
- Pea flour 12
- Sodium chloride 25
-
-Ammon-Tremonit or Gesteins-Tremonit contains a considerable
-proportion of ammonium nitrate.
-
-Gesteins-Tremonit V. contains also up to 10 per cent. of potassium
-perchlorate, and is similar to Astralit V.
-
-=TRINOL.=--A name for trinitro-toluene.
-
-=TRIPLASTIT= was a plastic high explosive obtained by
-gelatinising a liquid or semi-liquid mixture of nitro-toluenes
-with collodion cotton and mixing it with lead nitrates, _e.g._--
-
- Nitro-toluenes 70
- Collodion cotton 1·2
- Lead nitrate 28·8
-
-It was intended for filling shell, etc.
-
-*=TROISDORF SMOKELESS POWDER= became prominent in England
-in 1897 in connection with Mannlicher cartridges for the Bisley
-long-range competitions. It was occasionally recorded as Pigou Wilkes
-Powder, as that firm were agents for it. The following are analyses
-of samples taken in 1898 (“Arms and Explosives,” 1917, p. 90)--
-
- Shot-gun Rifle
- Powder. Powder.
-
- Nitrocellulose, insoluble 24·9 1·5
- ” soluble 61·7 96·5
- Starch, agar and dye 11·5 --
- Moisture 1·9 2·0
-
-The shot-gun powder was a fibrous bulk powder, and the charge for a
-12-bore cartridge was 33 grains. The rifle powder was gelatinised.
-
-=TROJAN COAL POWDER= is an American coal-mine explosive on the
-Permissible List. It contains nitro-starch.
-
-=TROTYL= is a name for trinitro-toluene.
-
-=TUNNELIT= is a German safety explosive containing
-ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, not more than 10 per cent. of
-trinitro-toluene (or not more than 6 per cent. together with not more
-than 2 per cent. of neutral liquid trinitro-toluene), not more than
-20 per cent. of dinitro-chlorhydrin, not more than 5 per cent. of
-nitroglycerine, not more than 1 per cent. of collodion cotton, and
-carbohydrates.
-
-=TUNNELITE= is an American coal-mine explosive on the
-Permissible List. Brands AA, B and C are ammonium nitrate explosives,
-whereas numbers 3 to 8, 6LF and 8LF are nitroglycerine explosives.
-
-=TURPINITE.= See =PANCLASTITE=.
-
-=TUTOL.=--A coal-mine explosive made by the Westphalia Anhalt
-Explosives Co. in Germany. It was on the old Permitted List. A
-variation of it, No. 2, was for a time on the new List, but it was
-repealed in Nov. 1916.
-
- No. 2.
- Nitroglycerine 25 25
- Potassium nitrate 33 --
- Barium nitrate 2 --
- Sodium nitrate -- 29
- Wood meal 39·8 36·3
- Sodium chloride -- 9·5
- Sodium bicarbonate 0·2 0·2
-
- Limit charge -- 22 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) -- 2·11”
-
-=UPLEES POWDER.=--A coal-mine explosive of the Grisounite type
-made by the Cotton Powder Co. It was for a time on the Permitted List
-but was repealed in 1914.
-
-
-=VELOX GELATINE.=--A blasting explosive for hard rock made
-by the British South African Explosives Co. It contains less
-nitroglycerine than blasting gelatine, and is intended to husband
-stocks of glycerine (“Arms and Explosives,” 1916, p. 81).
-
-Gelatine =VENDER= is a Swiss explosive consisting of
-dinitro-acetin gelatinised with a little collodion cotton and mixed
-with ammonium nitrate.
-
-=VICTOR POWDER= was a coal-mine explosive made by Nobel’s
-Explosives Co. There were two varieties at one time on the Permitted
-List--
-
- No. 2.
- _Date of Permit_ 13-5-14 15-1-15
- Ammonium nitrate 68 67
- Potassium chloride 14·5 --
- Sodium chloride -- 15
- Nitroglycerine 8·5 9
- Wood meal 9 9
-
- Limit charge 18 16
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2·96” 2·63”
-
-=VICTORITE.=--A coal-mine explosive of the Carbonite type made
-by Nobel’s Explosives Co. It was on the old Permitted List.
-
-=VIEILLE POWDER.= See Poudre =B=.
-
-=VIGORIT.= See =MONACHIT=.
-
-=VIGORITE= is a name that has been given to several explosives
-in the past. One of these, manufactured in California in the
-’seventies of the last century, contained potassium chlorate and
-nitroglycerine, and consequently was decidedly dangerous. It gave
-rise to a serious accident on the Grand Trunk Railway.
-
-The Atlas Powder Co. in America manufacture a series of coal-mine
-explosives under this name. They are nitroglycerine explosives.
-
-=VIKING POWDER= is a coal-mine explosive made by Nobel’s
-Explosives Co. There are two varieties on the Permitted List--
-
- No. 1. No. 2.
- _Date of Permit_ 15-1-15 15-1-15
- Ammonium nitrate 59 67
- Nitroglycerine 10 8·5
- Wood meal 10 8·5
- Sodium chloride 20 15
- Magnesium carbonate 1 1
-
- Limit charge 26 18 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2·44” 2·59”
-
-This explosive is used extensively.
-
-=VIRITE.=--A coal-mine explosive made by the Nitrate Explosives
-Co. which was on the old Permitted List--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 38
- Potassium nitrate 35·5
- Sulphur 4·5
- Charcoal 11·5
- Ammonium oxalate 10·5
-
-There have been other explosives of the same name.
-
-=VULCAN POWDER= is a brand of American dynamite.
-
-
-=W.A.= See Lafflin and Rand.
-
-=WALLONITE.=--A Belgian blasting and coal-mine explosive--
-
- II. III.
-
- Ammonium nitrate 90 70 70
- Sodium nitrate -- 20 25
- Nitrated resin 10 10 5
-
- Charge limite 50 125 600 g.
-
-=*WALSRODE SHOT-GUN POWDER= was a gelatinised 28-grain dense
-powder, which the German makers endeavoured to introduce into England
-in the ’nineties, but it gave high pressures. A powder of this name
-is still used in Germany, however, but it is a 35-grain powder in the
-form of small grains, greyish white and greyish green in colour.
-
-=WALSRODE SICHERHEITS-SPRENGSTOFF= is a German coal-mine
-explosive containing ammonium nitrate, trinitro-toluene, flour, and a
-little guncotton and sometimes sodium chloride.
-
-Wetter-Walsrode is also an ammonium nitrate explosive. It contains
-no guncotton but may contain potassium nitrate, sodium chloride,
-naphthalene, and various other substances.
-
-=WESTFALITE= is a coal-mine explosive which is made in Germany
-and England. The German explosives vary much in composition, and some
-of them are intended for ordinary blasting. Some of those recently
-introduced contain up to 10 per cent. of potassium perchlorate.
-Originally Westfalite was made by milling ammonium nitrate with an
-alcoholic solution of gum lac, but later the use of the gum was
-abandoned.
-
-British Westfalite, Ltd., had two mixtures on the old Permitted List--
-
- No. 1. No. 2.
- Ammonium nitrate 95 91
- Potassium nitrate -- 4
- Resin 5 5
-
-That formerly on the Permitted List differed considerably from the
-above--
-
- Westfalite No. 3.
- _Date of Permit_ 1-9-13
- Ammonium nitrate 60
- Potassium nitrate 14
- Trinitro-toluene 5
- Ammonium chloride 21
-
- Limit charge 12 oz.
- Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2·55”
-
-=WETTERDYNAMIT= is a name that has been given in Germany to
-various coal-mine explosives containing nitroglycerine.
-
-=WETTER-DYNAMMON.= See =DYNAMMON=.
-
-=*WETTEREN.=--A gelatinised rifle smokeless powder made by the
-Cooppal Co. of Belgium. The following analyses were given in “Arms
-and Explosives,” 1917, p. 91--
-
- _Date of Sample_ 1892 1893
- Nitrocellulose, insoluble 16·0 57·3
- ” soluble 46·2 37·6
- Nitroglycerine 27·3 --
- Shellac -- 3·5
- Charcoal 9·0 --
- Moisture 1·5 1·6
-
-=WHITE GUNPOWDER= is a mixture of--
-
- Potassium chlorate 50
- Potassium ferrocyanide 25
- Sugar 25
-
-It is not produced commercially, and, indeed, is too sensitive, but
-it is sometimes made in the laboratory. It has also been called
-Angendre’s powder, White German powder, American powder, and Baron
-and Cauvet’s powder.
-
-=WILHELMIT= is a German blasting explosive of the Cheddite type.
-It consists of sodium or potassium chlorate hydrocarbon oil with a
-flash point not below 30° C., and carbohydrates. For use in coal
-mines neutral salts are added. It was introduced during the War.
-
-=WITHNELL POWDER.=--A coal-mine explosive of the Grisounite type
-made by the Lancashire Explosives Co., which was on the old Permitted
-List--
-
- Ammonium nitrate 89·5
- Trinitro-toluene 5
- Flour 5·5
-
-=WITTENBERGER WETTERDYNAMIT.= See =SALIT=.
-
-=XPDITE= is an American coal-mine explosive on the Permissible
-List. It is made by the Hercules Powder Co., and contains
-nitroglycerine.
-
-=YONCKITE.=--A Belgian ammonium perchlorate explosive. The
-composition has been varied somewhat, and one formula, No. 10, is on
-the list of Explosifs S.G.P., and consequently is permitted for use
-in Belgian coal mines. No. 1 is a more powerful explosive used for
-general blasting.
-
- No. 10. I.
- Ammonium perchlorate 25 20
- Ammonium nitrate 30 27
- Sodium nitrate 15 27
- Barium nitrate -- 6
- Trinitro-toluene 10 20
- Sodium chloride 20 --
-
- Charge limite 900 g.
-
-=ZELTIT.= See Celtite.
-
-
-
-
-INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS
-
-
- Acid, Nitric.
- Hellhofite.
- Sprengel Explosives.
-
- Acid, Picric. _See_ Picric Acid.
-
- Agar.
- Amasite.
- Troisdorf Smokeless Powder.
-
- Albumen.
- Plessit.
-
- Alcohol, Amyl.
- B.
-
- Alum, Chromium Ammonium.
- Chromamonit.
-
- Aluminium.
- Alsilite.
- Alumatol.
- Ammonal.
- Donarit A.
- Echo.
- Lignosit.
- Perrumpit.
- St. Helen’s Powder.
- Telsit.
- Thermit.
-
- Ammonium Nitrate, Chloride, etc. _See_ Nitrate, Chloride, etc.
-
- Ammonium Nitrocresol-sulphonate.
- Raschit.
-
- Amyl Alcohol.
- B.
-
- Aniline.
- Filite.
-
- Aniline Hydrochloride.
- Progressit.
-
- Antimony Sulphide.
- Flobert Ammunition.
-
- Aromatic Nitro-compounds. _See_ Nitro-compounds.
-
-
- Barium Nitrate, etc. _See_ Nitrate, etc.
-
- Bark.
- Cahuecit.
-
- Bauxite.
- Lignosit.
-
- Bicarbonate, Sodium.
- C. S. P.
- Tutol.
-
- Bichromate, Ammonium.
- J.
-
- Bichromate, Potassium.
- Ammonal.
- Dahmenite.
- J.
- Petroklastit.
-
- Bisulphide, Carbon.
- Panclastite.
- Sprengel Explosives.
-
- Borax.
- Haylite.
- Rippite.
- Samsonite.
-
- Bran.
- Forcite.
-
- Briquette Powder.
- Loewenpulver.
-
-
- Calcium Silicide
- Sabulite.
-
- Camphor.
- E. C. Powder.
- Herculite.
- M.
- Rottweil Smokeless Powder.
-
- Carbohydrates. _See also_ Cellulose, Flour, Starch,
- Vegetable Meal, Wood Meal.
- Albit.
- Alkalsit.
- Chloratzite.
- Foerdit.
- Gesilit.
- Tunnelit.
- Wilhelmit.
-
- Carbon Bisulphide.
- Panclastite.
- Sprengel Explosives.
-
- Carbonaceous Substances.
- Nobelit.
-
- Carbonate, Calcium.
- Blasting Gelatine.
- Cambrite.
- Carbonite.
- Clydite.
- Dynamite.
- Gelatine Dynamite.
- Gelignite.
- Kynite.
- Pit-ite.
- Russelite.
-
- Carbonate, Magnesium. _See also_ Magnesite.
- Blasting Gelatine.
- Dynobel.
- Gelatine Dynamite.
- Monobel.
- Oaklite.
- Stomonal.
- Thames Powder.
- Viking Powder.
-
- Carbonate, Sodium.
- Britonite.
- Carbonite.
- Clydite.
- Forcite Antigrisouteuse.
- Lignosit.
- Minite.
- Pit-ite.
- Rhexit.
-
- Cellulose.
- Antigel.
- Colinit.
- Flammivore.
- Grisoutite.
-
- Cellulose Residue.
- Raschit.
-
- Chalk, French.
- Nitro-Densite.
-
- Charcoal.
- Amide Powder.
- Ammonal.
- Ammoniakkrut.
- Ammonpulver.
- Neu Anagon.
- Aphosite.
- Astralit.
- Bavarit.
- Black Powder.
- Bobbinite.
- Bomlit.
- Cannonite.
- Denaby Powder.
- Detonit.
- Dragonite.
- Fulmenit.
- Hebler Powder.
- Lithofracteur.
- M.B. Powder.
- Monachit.
- Normanite.
- Perchlorit.
- Praeposit.
- Pulvérin.
- Rhenanit.
- Smokeless Diamond.
- Virite.
- Wetteren.
-
- Charcoal, Cork.
- Carbo-Dynamite.
- Oxyliquit.
-
- Charcoal, Curcuma.
- Titanite.
-
- Charcoal, Red.
- Dynammon.
-
- Charcoal, Straw.
- Cocoa Powder.
-
- Chlorate, Potassium.
- Albit.
- Alkalsit.
- Barbarit.
- Cheddite.
- Chloratzite.
- Flobert Ammunition.
- Hassia-Chlorat.
- Himalayite.
- Kinetit.
- Kiwit.
- Koronit.
- L. C. Pulver.
- Mercurit.
- Miedziankit.
- Mitchellite.
- Naphthalit.
- O.
- Petrolit.
- Pierrite.
- Plessit.
- Prométhée.
- Rack-a-Rock.
- Rivalit (Chlorat-).
- Sebomite.
- Silesia.
- Sprengel Explosives.
- Steelite.
- Vigorite.
- White Gunpowder.
- Wilhelmit.
-
- Chlorate, Sodium.
- Albit.
- Alkalsit.
- Cheddite.
- Kiwit.
- Koronit.
- O.
- Wilhelmit.
-
- Chloride, Ammonium.
- Anchorite.
- Cornil.
- Curtisite (Super-).
- Denaby Powder.
- Densite.
- Dreadnought Powder.
- Essex Powder.
- Excellite (Super-).
- Expedite.
- Faversham Powder.
- Favier Explosive.
- Fortex (New).
- Fractorite.
- Fumyl.
- Kentite.
- Mersey Powder.
- Romperit.
- Sabulite.
- Westfalite.
-
- Chloride, Potassium.
- Ammonite.
- Astralit.
- Cambrite.
- Carbonite (Ammon-).
- Dahmenite.
- Dominite.
- Dynamit (Gallerte-).
- Elsagit.
- Foerdit.
- Gehlingerit (Wetter-).
- Monachit.
- Monobel.
- Naphthalit.
- Nationalite.
- Nobelit.
- Pannonit.
- Rippite.
- Samsonite.
- Victor Powder.
-
- Chloride, Sodium.
- Abbcite.
- Abelite.
- Alsilite.
- Ammonite.
- Astralit.
- Bellite.
- Britonite.
- Carbonite (Ammon-).
- Cliffite (Super-).
- Cosilit.
- Dahmenite.
- Donarit (Wetter-).
- Dorfit.
- Dreadnought Powder.
- Du Pont Permissible.
- Dynobel.
- Elsagit.
- Excellite (Super-).
- Favier Explosives.
- Foerdit.
- Fulmenit.
- Gehlingerit (Wetter-).
- Gesilit.
- Glueckauf.
- Haylite.
- Kiwit.
- Koronit.
- Leonit.
- Lignosit.
- Miedziankit.
- Monarkite.
- Monobel.
- Naphthalit.
- Nationalite.
- Negro Powder.
- Nobelit.
- Orkanit.
- Pannonit.
- Permon Powder.
- Perrumpit.
- Pfalzit.
- Plessit.
- Pulvérite.
- Rex Powder.
- Rhenanit.
- Roburite.
- Romperit.
- Salit.
- Samsonite.
- Seamex.
- Siegenit.
- Silesia.
- Stomonal.
- Syndite.
- Thames Powder.
- Tremonit.
- Tutol.
- Victor Powder.
- Viking Powder.
- Walsrode Sicherheits-Sprengstoff.
- Yonckite.
-
- Chlor-Naphthalenes.
- Amvis.
- Roburite.
-
- Chromate, Lead.
- Cornil.
- Halakite.
-
- Chromium Ammonium Alum.
- Chromamonit.
-
- Coal.
- Alkalsit.
- Ammoniakkrut.
- Carbonite (Ammon-).
- Judson Powder.
- Koronit.
- Lithofracteur.
- Loewenpulver.
- Sprengsalpeter.
-
- Coke.
- Dahmenit.
-
- Collodion Cotton. _See_ Nitro-cotton.
-
- Copper Nitrate Ammonia.
- Glueckauf.
-
- Copper Nitrate Aniline.
- Anilit.
-
- Copper Sulphate Aniline.
- Anilit.
-
- Cork Charcoal. _See_ Charcoal.
-
- Cresylate, Ammonium.
- C.
- Ecrasite.
-
- Curcuma Meal.
- Dahmenit.
-
- Curcuma Charcoal.
- Titanite.
-
-
- Dextrin.
- Dynamit (Sicherheits-).
- Flammivore.
- Foerdit.
- Gesilit.
- Pannonit.
- Salit.
-
- Dimethyl-diphenyl-urea.
- Centralite.
-
- Dinitro-acetin.
- Vender.
-
- Dinitro-benzene.
- Abelite.
- Amvis.
- Bellite.
- Cannonite.
- Dahmenit.
- Denaby Powder.
- Dynobel.
- Gathurst Powder.
- Glueckauf.
- Good Luck.
- Granatfuellung.
- Hellhofite.
- Odite.
- Roburite.
- Securite.
-
- Dinitro-chlorhydrin.
- Astralit.
- Donarit.
- Helit.
- Perilit.
- Prosperit.
- Tunnelit.
-
- Dinitro-glycerine.
- Dahmenite.
- Tremonit.
-
- Dinitro-glycol.
- Gelignite.
-
- Dinitro-naphthalene.
- Ammonite.
- Astralit.
- Cornil.
- Favier Explosives.
- Fractorite.
- Kiwit.
- Minolite.
- Schneiderite.
-
- Dinitro-phenol.
- Shellite.
-
- Dinitro-toluene.
- Abbcite.
- Ajax Powder.
- Antigel.
- Astralit.
- Blastine.
- Cheddite.
- Densite.
- Dominit.
- Dynobel.
- Erin Gelignite.
- Excellite.
- Flammivore.
- Gelignite.
- Gesilit.
- Halalite.
- Kiwit.
- Kynarkite.
- Leonit.
- Nationalite.
- Neonal.
- Perdit.
- Salit.
- Siegenit.
-
- Diphenylamine.
- B.
- Filite.
- Foerdit (Ammon-).
- N. C. T.
- Rottweil Smokeless Powder.
-
-
- Fat. _See also_ Tallow.
- Aerolit.
- Thornit.
-
- Fat, Vegetable.
- Thornit.
-
- Fatty Acid Salt.
- Dynamit (Wettersicheres-).
-
- Ferrocyanide, Potassium.
- Cannonite.
- White Gunpowder.
-
- Ferro-Silicon.
- Echo.
-
- Ferro-Silicon-Aluminium.
- Alsilite.
-
- Flour. _See also_ Meal.
- Alkalsit.
- Carbonite (Ammon-).
- Colinit.
- Dorfit.
- Dynamit (Wettersicheres-).
- Foerdit.
- Fractorite.
- Gehlingerit.
- Helagon.
- Helit.
- Minite.
- Monachit.
- Naphthalit.
- Perilit.
- Pulvérite.
- Roburite.
- Romperit.
- Securophore.
- Siegenit.
- Teutonit.
- Walsrode Sicherheits-Sf.
- Withnell Powder.
-
- Flour, Pea.
- Gesilit.
-
- Flour, Roasted.
- Aetna Powder.
-
- Flour, Rye.
- Donarit.
- Flammivore.
- Forcite Antigrisouteuse.
- Tremonit.
-
- Flour, Wheat.
- Essex Powder.
- Ligdyn.
- Seamex.
- Stomonal.
-
- French Chalk.
- Nitro-Densite.
-
- Fulminate, Mercury.
- Flobert Ammunition.
-
-
- Gelatine.
- Dynamit (Wettersicheres-).
-
- Glycerine.
- Dominit.
- Dynamit (Sicherheits-).
- Foerdit.
- Halakite.
- Pannonit.
- Permon Powder.
- Plastammon.
- Romperit.
- Syndite.
-
- Graphite.
- Negro Powder.
- Nitrokol.
- Perrumpit.
- T.
-
- Gum.
- Dorfit (Per-).
- T.
-
- Gum Lac.
- Westfalite.
-
- Guncotton.
- Axite.
- Bomlit.
- Cordite.
- C. P.
- C. S. P.
- Fulmenit.
- Indurite.
- Kiwit.
- Lafflin and Rand.
- S.
- Sengite.
- T.
- Tonite.
- Walsrode Sicherheits-Sprengstoff.
-
-
- Hexanitro-diphenylamine.
-
- Hexanitro-diphenyl Sulphide.
- Granatfuellung.
-
- Hipposin.
- Praeposit.
-
- Hydrocarbons. _See also_ Mineral Jelly, Vaseline, Naphthalene,
- Oils, Paraffin Wax and Turpentine.
- Alkalsit.
- Astralit.
- Bomlit.
- Dynamit (Wettersicheres-).
- Koronit.
- Naphthalit.
- Persalit.
- Prométhée.
- Rack-a-Rock.
- Rexol.
- Sprengel Explosives.
- Wilhelmit.
-
-
- Inert Substances. _See also_ Chlorides, Neutral Substances,
- Oxalates, etc.
- Koronit.
-
- Iron Oxide.
- Rack-a-Rock.
- Thermit.
-
- Ivory, Vegetable.
- Meganit.
-
-
- Kerosine. _See_ Oil, Kerosine.
-
- Kieselguhr.
- Dynamite.
- Giant Powder.
- Lithofracteur.
- Oxyliquit.
-
-
- Lac. _See_ Gum Lac, Shellac.
-
- Lampblack.
- Cahuecit.
- Cannonite.
-
- Lead Nitrate, Chromate. _See_ Nitrate, Chromate.
-
-
- Magnesia.
- Forcite.
-
- Magnesite.
- Romperit.
-
- Magnesium.
- Ophorite.
-
- Magnesium Carbonate. _See_ Carbonate.
-
- Manganese Dioxide. _See_ Oxide.
-
- Meal, Curcuma.
- Dahmenite.
-
- Meal, Potato.
- Astralit.
- Helagon.
- Helit.
- Permon Powder.
- Romperit.
- Teutonit.
-
- Meal, Sago.
- Aerolit.
-
- Meal, Vegetable. _See also_ Flour, Starch, Wood Meal, etc.
- Albit.
- Astralit.
- Cahuecit (Ammon-).
- Cosilit.
- Dahmenite.
- Detonit.
- Dominit.
- Donarit.
- Dorfit.
- Dynamit (Sicherheits-).
- Elsagit.
- Foerder Sicherheits-Sprengstoff.
- Foerdit.
- Fulmenit.
- Glueckauf.
- Halalite.
- Hammonit.
- Kiwit.
- Koronit.
- Leonit.
- Monachit.
- Perchlorit.
- Perrumpit.
- Persalit.
- Pfalzit.
- Prosperit.
- Rhenanit.
- Rivalit.
- Thornit.
- Tremonit.
-
- Mercury Fulminate.
- Flobert Ammunition.
-
- Mineral Jelly. _See also_ Vaseline.
- Axite.
- Ballistite.
- C. S. P.
- Cordite.
- Gelatine Dynamite.
- Haylite.
- Moddite.
- Monarkite.
- Solenite.
-
- Myrobalans.
- Amasite.
-
-
- Naphthalene.
- Bomlit.
- Dahmenite.
- Kiwit.
- Koronit.
- Naphthalit.
- Rhenanit.
- Walsrode Sicherheits-Sprengstoff.
-
- Neutral Substances. _See also_ Inert Substances and Salts.
- Helagon.
- Helit.
-
- Nitrate, Ammonium.
- Abbcite.
- Abelite.
- Aerolit.
- Aetna Coal Powder.
- Alkalsit.
- Alsilite.
- Alumatol.
- Amatol.
- Amatoxol.
- Amide Powder.
- Ammonal.
- Ammoniakkrut.
- Ammonite.
- Ammonpulver.
- Amvis.
- Neu Anagon.
- Anchorite.
- Anilit.
- Aphosite.
- Astralit.
- Baelenite.
- Bautzener Sicherheits-pulver.
- Bavarit.
- Bellite.
- Bental Coal Powder.
- Bituminite.
- Black Diamond.
- Bomlit.
- C.
- Cahuecit.
- Cameron Mine Powder.
- Carbonite (Ammon-).
- Chromamonit.
- Cilferite.
- Cliffite (Super-).
- Coalite.
- Colinit.
- Collier Powder.
- Cornil.
- Cronite.
- Cugnite.
- Curtisite.
- Dahmenite.
- Denaby Powder.
- Densite.
- Detonit.
- Detonite Special.
- Dominit.
- Donarite.
- Dorfit.
- Dreadnought Powder.
- Du Pont Permissible.
- Dynamite.
- Dynammon.
- Dynobel.
- Echo.
- Electronite.
- Elsagit.
- Excellite.
- Expedite.
- Extra Dynamite.
- Faversham Powder.
- Favier Explosives.
- Flammivore.
- Foerder Sicherheitssprengstoff.
- Foerdit.
- Forcite.
- Fortex.
- Fractorite.
- Fuel-ite.
- Fuellpulver.
- Fulmenit.
- Gathurst Powder.
- Gehlingerit.
- Gelatiné a l’Ammoniaque.
- Gesilit.
- Giant Coal Mine Powder.
- Giant Powder (Extra).
- Glueckauf.
- Good Luck.
- Grisoutine.
- Guardian.
- Halalite.
- Hammonit.
- Haylite.
- Hebler Powder.
- Hecla No. 2.
- Kanite.
- Kentite.
- Leonit.
- Lignosit.
- Lowinite.
- Luxit.
- Melling Powder.
- Mersey Powder.
- Miner’s Friend.
- Minite.
- Min-ite.
- Minolite.
- Monachit.
- Monarkite.
- Monobel.
- Monobel Powder.
- Nationalite.
- Negro Powder.
- Nitrolit.
- Nobel Ammonia Powder.
- Nobelit.
- Oakley Quarry Powder.
- Oaklite.
- Odite.
- Pannonit.
- Pastanil.
- Perchlorit.
- Perdit.
- Permon Powder.
- Permonite.
- Perrumpit.
- Persalit.
- Pfalzit.
- Picramite.
- Pitsea Powder.
- Pniowit.
- Progressit.
- Prosperit.
- Pulvérite.
- Raschit.
- Red H.
- Rex Powder.
- Rexite.
- Rhenanit.
- Rivalit.
- Roburite.
- Romperit.
- Sabulite.
- St. Helen’s Powder.
- Salit.
- Schlesit.
- Schneiderite.
- Seamex.
- Securite.
- Siegenit.
- Stanford Powder.
- Stomonal.
- Sunderite.
- Superite.
- Syndite.
- Telsit.
- Teutonit.
- Thames Powder.
- Thornit.
- Titanite.
- Tremonit.
- Tunnelit.
- Tunnelite.
- Uplees Powder.
- Vender.
- Victor Powder.
- Viking Powder.
- Virite.
- Wallonite.
- Walsrode Sicherheits-Sprengstoff.
- Westfalite.
- Withnell Powder.
- Yonckite.
-
- Nitrate, Barium.
- Amberite.
- Baratol.
- Bautzener Sicherheits-Sprengstoff.
- Cambrite.
- Cannonite.
- Carbonite.
- Clydite.
- Denaby Powder.
- Electronite.
- Flammivore.
- Forcite.
- Gelignite.
- Halakite.
- Haylite.
- Kolax.
- Kynarkite.
- Kynite.
- M.
- Nitro-Densite.
- Pit-ite.
- S.
- Tonite.
- Tutol.
- Yonckite.
-
- Nitrate, Lead.
- Halakite.
- Macarite.
- Minolite.
- Triplastit.
-
- Nitrate, Potassium.
- Aerolit.
- Albionite.
- Amberite.
- Amide Powder.
- Aphosite.
- Arkite.
- Astralit.
- Axite.
- Black Powder.
- Bobbinite.
- Bomlit.
- Britonite.
- Brugère’s Powder.
- Cahuecit.
- Cambrite.
- Cannonite.
- Carbite d’Ablon.
- Carbonite.
- Celtite.
- Chromamonite.
- Cocoa Powder.
- Cornil.
- Cornish Powder.
- Curtisite (Super-).
- Dahmenite.
- Denaby Powder.
- Densite.
- Dominit.
- Dorfit.
- Dragonite.
- Dynamite.
- Dynammon.
- Elsagit.
- Essex Powder.
- Excellite (Super-).
- Expedite.
- Faversham Powder.
- Favier Explosives.
- Flammivore.
- Forcite.
- Fortex (New).
- Fracturite.
- Gelatine Dynamite.
- Gelignite.
- Giant Powder.
- Glueckauf.
- Grisoutine.
- Hammonit.
- Haylite.
- Hebler Powder.
- Herculite.
- Kent Powder.
- Kentite.
- Kinetit.
- Kolax.
- Kynarkite.
- Lignosit.
- Loewenpulver.
- M.
- M.B.
- Minite.
- Monachit.
- Normanite.
- Oaklite.
- Perilit.
- Petroklastit.
- Phœnix Powder.
- Pit-ite.
- Pitsea Powder.
- Plastammon.
- Praeposit.
- Pulvérin.
- Rippite.
- Roburite.
- Romperit.
- Russelite.
- S.
- Sabulite.
- Samsonite.
- Saxonite.
- Sheppey Powder.
- Stonax.
- Stow-ite.
- Superite.
- Swalite.
- T.
- Thames Powder.
- Tutol.
- Virite.
- Walsrode Sicherheits-Sprengstoff.
- Westfalite.
-
- Nitrate, Sodium.
- Aetna Powder.
- Alkalsit.
- Amasite.
- Ammonite.
- Anchorite.
- Antigel.
- Astralit.
- Blastine.
- Bomlit.
- Britonite.
- C.
- Cahuecit.
- Cornil.
- Cosilit.
- Cugnite.
- Dahmenit.
- Densite.
- Donarit.
- Dorfit (Per-).
- Duxite.
- Elsagit.
- Forcite.
- Fractorite.
- Gelignite.
- Gesilit.
- Giant Powder.
- Glueckauf.
- Halalite.
- Hammonit.
- Haylite.
- Judson Powder.
- Leonit.
- Ligdyn.
- Loewenpulver.
- Meganit.
- Melanite.
- Melling Powder.
- Mersey Powder.
- Minolite.
- Monarkite.
- Nobel Gelignite.
- Permon Powder.
- Perrumpit.
- Persalit.
- Petroklastit.
- Pfalzit.
- Praeposit.
- Raschit.
- Rexite.
- Rhexit.
- Samsonite.
- Sengite.
- Sprengsalpeter.
- Stomonal.
- Syndite.
- Telsit.
- Terris.
- Tonite.
- Tunnelit.
- Tutol.
- Wallonite.
- Yonckite.
-
- Nitrate, Strontium.
- Densite.
-
- Nitrates.
- Alkalsit.
- Cooppal’s Powder.
- Du Pont Smokeless Powder.
- Dynamite.
- E. C. Powder.
- Eley Smokeless Powder.
- Empire Powder.
- Felixite.
- Foerdit.
- Gesilit.
- Helagon.
- Helit.
- Henrite.
- Koronit.
- K. S.
- Lithofracteur.
- Neonite.
- New Explosives Company’s Smokeless Powder.
- Nobelit.
- Perilit.
- Plastomenit.
- Red Star.
- Romperit.
- Rottweil Smokeless Powder.
- Ruby Powder.
- Schlesit.
- Schultze Powder.
- Securophore.
- Smokeless Diamond.
- S. R., S. S.
-
- Nitric Acid. _See_ Acid, Nitric.
-
- Nitric Oxide.
- Panclastite.
- Sprengel Explosives.
-
- Nitrobenzene.
- Hellhofite.
- Indurite.
- Kinetit.
- Panclastite.
- Prométhée.
- Rack-a-Rock.
- Sprengel Explosives.
-
- Nitro-bodies. _See_ Nitro-compounds.
-
- Nitro-cellulose. _See also_ also Nitro-cotton.
- Apyrite.
- Cannonite.
- Cooppal’s Powder.
- Crystal.
- Du Pont Smokeless Powder.
- Eley Smokeless Powder.
- Fulmen Powder.
- Henrite.
- Ideal Powder.
- Kinetit.
- K. S.
- Mischpulver.
- Mullerite.
- Neonite.
- New Explosives Company’s Smokeless Powder.
- Nitrokol.
- Normal Powder.
- P.C. /88.
- Plastomenit.
- Primrose Smokeless.
- Pyroxyline.
- Red Star.
- Rifleite.
- Rottweil Smokeless Powder.
- Ruby Powder.
- Schultze Powder.
- S. K., S. S., S. V.
- Smokeless Diamond.
- Troisdorf Smokeless Powder.
- Walsrode Shot-Gun Powder.
- Wetteren Powder.
-
- Nitro-compounds. _See also_ Di-, Tri-, Tetra-, Hexa-nitro-.
- Alkalsit.
- Astralit.
- Cahuecit (Ammon-).
- Chloratzite.
- Dominit.
- Donarit.
- Elsagit.
- Felixite.
- Foerder Sicherheits-Sprengstoff.
- Foerdit.
- Halalit.
- Hammonit.
- Helagon.
- Helit.
- Henrite.
- Koronit.
- K. S.
- Leonit.
- Lignosit.
- Peragon.
- Perchlorit.
- Perilit.
- Persalit.
- Petrolit.
- Plastammon.
- Polarite.
- Prosperit.
- Red Star.
- Rhenanit.
- Rifleite.
- Rivalit.
- Romperit.
- Ruby Powder.
- Schlesit.
- Sebomite.
- S. S.
- Stanford Powder.
- Stonax.
- Teutonit.
- Tonite.
- Tremonit.
- Uplees Powder.
-
- Nitro-cotton (including Collodion Cotton).
- _See also_ Guncotton and Nitro-cellulose.
- Ajax Powder.
- Albionite.
- Alkalsit.
- Amberite.
- Arkite.
- Astralit.
- B.
- Ballistite.
- Blasting Gelatine.
- Bomlit.
- Cahuecit (Ammon-).
- Carbonite.
- Celtite.
- Chromamonit.
- Clermonite.
- Cliffite.
- Colinit.
- Cornish Powder.
- C. P.
- Cugnite.
- Dahmenite.
- Denaby Powder.
- Detonit.
- Dominite.
- Donarit.
- Dragonite.
- Duxite.
- Dynamite (Gelatine).
- Dynobel.
- E. C. Powder.
- Echo.
- Elsagit.
- Empire Powder.
- Essex Powder.
- Excellite.
- Felixite.
- Filite.
- Flammivore.
- Foerder Sicherheitssprengstoff.
- Foerdit.
- Forcite.
- Fracturite.
- Gelatiné a l’Ammoniaque.
- Gelatine Dynamite.
- Gelignite.
- Gesilit.
- Giant Powder.
- Grisoutine.
- Halalite.
- Haylite.
- Herculite.
- Hudson’s Explosive.
- J.
- Kolax (Super-).
- Koronit.
- Leonit.
- Lignosit.
- M.
- Melanite.
- Moddite.
- Monachit.
- Monarkite.
- Mullerite.
- Naphthalit.
- N. C. T.
- Neonal.
- Nitrolit.
- Nobelit.
- Normanite.
- Oaklite.
- Pannonit.
- Permon Powder.
- Permonite.
- Pfalzit.
- Phœnix Powder.
- Plastrotyl.
- Polarite.
- Prosperit.
- Pulverite.
- Pyrocollodion.
- Rhenanit.
- Rippite.
- Rivalit.
- Romperit.
- Russelite.
- S.
- Salit.
- Samsonite.
- Saxonite.
- Schlesit.
- Solenite.
- Stonax.
- Stowite.
- Swale Powder.
- Swalite.
- Syndite.
- Telsit.
- Territ.
- Tremonit.
- Triplastit.
- Tunnelit.
- Vender.
-
- Nitroglycerine.
- Abbcite.
- Aetna Powder.
- Aetna Coal Powder.
- Ajax Powder.
- Albionite.
- Albit.
- Amberite.
- Ammoniakkrut.
- Antigel.
- Arkite.
- Astralit.
- Axite.
- Ballistite.
- Bituminite.
- Black Diamond.
- Blasting Gelatine.
- Britonite.
- Cambrite.
- Cameron Mine Powder.
- Carbite d’Ablon.
- Carbo-dynamite.
- Carbonite.
- Celtite.
- Cliffite.
- Clydite.
- Coalite.
- Coal Special.
- Colinit.
- Collier Powder.
- Cordite.
- Cornish Powder.
- Cosilit.
- C. S. P.
- Cugnite.
- Detonit.
- Dominite.
- Donarit.
- Dragonite.
- Du Pont Permissible.
- Duxite.
- Dynamite.
- Dynobel.
- Elsagit.
- Erin Gelignite.
- Essex Powder.
- Eureka.
- Excellite.
- Filite.
- Flammivore.
- Foerder Sicherheitssprengstoff.
- Foerdit.
- Forcite.
- Fort Pitt Mine Powder.
- Fractorite.
- Fracturite.
- Fuel-ite.
- Gehlingerit (Wetter-).
- Gelatiné à l’Ammoniaque.
- Gelatine Dynamite.
- Gelignite.
- Gesilit.
- Giant Coal-Mine Powder.
- Giant Powder.
- Glonoine.
- Grisoutine.
- Grisoutite.
- Guardian.
- Halalit.
- Hammonit.
- Haylite.
- Hecla Powder.
- Herculite.
- Hudson’s Explosive.
- Hygrade Coal Powder.
- Judson Powder.
- Kent Powder.
- Kolax.
- Koronit.
- Kynarkite.
- Kynite.
- Lafflin and Rand.
- Ligdyn.
- Lignosit.
- Lithofracteur.
- Lomite.
- Meganit.
- Melanite.
- Melling Powder.
- Mersey Powder.
- Meteor.
- Minite.
- Min-ite.
- Moddite.
- Monarkite.
- Monobel.
- Monobel Powder.
- Naphthalit.
- Neonal.
- Nitro-densite.
- Nitrolit.
- Nitro Low-Flame.
- Nobel Ammonia Powder.
- Nobelit.
- Normanite.
- Oaklite.
- Pannonit.
- Perchlorit.
- Permon Powder.
- Permonite.
- Persalit (Wetter-).
- Phœnix Powder.
- Pit-ite.
- Pitsea Powder.
- Polarite.
- Prosperit.
- Pulvérite.
- Rex Powder.
- Rexite.
- Rhenanit.
- Rhexit.
- Rippite.
- Rivalit.
- Romperit.
- Russelite.
- Salit.
- Samsonite.
- Saxonite.
- Schlesit.
- Seamex.
- Securophore.
- Sheppey Powder.
- Siegenit.
- Solenite.
- Stomonal.
- Stonax.
- Stow-ite.
- Sunderite.
- Superite.
- Swale Powder.
- Swalite.
- Syndite.
- Telsit.
- Thames Powder.
- Tremonit.
- Tunnelit.
- Tunnelite.
- Tutol.
- Velox Gelatine.
- Victor Powder.
- Vigorite.
- Viking Powder.
- Wetter-dynamit.
- Wetteren.
- Xpdite.
-
- Nitro-hydrocarbons. _See also_ Nitrobenzene,
- Tinitro-toluene, etc.
- Albit.
- Alkalsit.
- Carbonite.
- Cooppal’s Powder.
- Monachit.
- Naphthalit.
- New Explosives Company’s Smokeless Powder.
- Persalit.
-
- Nitro-mesytilenes.
- Monachit.
-
- Nitro-naphthalene.
- Alkalsit.
- Astralit.
- Barking Powder.
- Bavarit.
- Cheddite.
- Curtisite.
- Favier Explosives.
- Pierrite.
- Sprengel Explosives.
-
- Nitro-semi-cellulose.
- Plastammon.
-
- Nitro-starch.
- Silesia.
- Trojan Coal Powder.
-
- Nitro-toluene.
- Astralit.
- Erin Gelignite.
- Foerdit.
- Monobel.
- Panclastite.
- Pannonit.
- Plastammon.
- Red Cross.
- Telsit.
-
- Nitro-toluenes, Liquid.
- Alkalsit.
- Barbarit.
- Bomlit.
- Halalite.
- Kiwit.
- Plastomenit.
- Plastrotyl.
- Telsit.
- Territ.
- Triplastit.
- Tunnelit.
-
- Nitroxylene.
- Monachit.
-
-
- Oil.
- Albit.
- Kiwit.
-
- Oil, Castor.
- Bomlit.
- Cheddite.
- Excellite.
- Pierrite.
- Rippite.
- Steelite.
-
- Oil, Dead.
- Rack-a-Rock.
-
- Oil, Drying.
- Himalayite.
-
- Oil, Fatty.
- Astralit.
- Elsagit.
- Glueckauf.
- Koronit.
- Naphthalit.
- Perrumpit.
-
- Oil, Hydrocarbon. _See also_ Paraffins, etc.
- Mercurit.
- Sprengel Explosives.
- Wilhelmit.
-
- Oil, Kerosine.
- Miedziankit.
- Petrolit.
- Plessit.
-
- Oil, Mineral.
- Rexol.
-
- Oil, Paraffin.
- Astralit.
- Dominite.
- Fulmenit.
- Koronit.
-
- Oil, Petroleum.
- Barbarit.
- Oxyliquit.
- Sprengel Explosives.
-
- Oil, Rape.
- Astralit.
-
- Oil, Red.
- Dreadnought Powder.
-
- Oxalate, Ammonium.
- Ajax Powder.
- Albionite.
- Arkite.
- Astralit.
- Britonite.
- Cambrite.
- Celtite.
- Cheesa Sticks.
- Cliffite (Super-).
- Clydite.
- Dominite.
- Duxite.
- Dynamit (Wetter-).
- Dynobel.
- Excellite (Super-).
- Fractorite.
- Fracturite.
- Glueckauf.
- Haylite.
- Herculite.
- Kent Powder.
- Kolax (Super-).
- Kynarkite.
- Melling Powder.
- Minite.
- Monachit.
- Neonal.
- Normanite.
- Perrumpit.
- Pit-ite.
- Pitsea Powder.
- Rippite.
- Russelite.
- Samsonite.
- Saxonite.
- Sheppey Powder.
- Stomonal.
- Stow-ite.
- Sunderite.
- Swale Powder.
- Swalite.
- Thames Powder.
- Virite.
-
- Oxalate, Copper.
- Glueckauf.
- Good Luck.
-
- Oxalate, Potassium.
- Nobelit.
-
- Oxalates.
- Astralit.
- Elsagit.
- Nobelit.
-
- Oxide, Iron.
- Rack-a-Rock.
- Thermit.
-
- Oxide, Manganese.
- Aerolit.
- Loewenpulver.
- Prométhée.
-
- Oxygen (Liquid).
- Marsit.
- Oxyliquit.
-
-
- Paraffin. _See also_ Oil, Paraffin and Hydrocarbons.
- Favier Explosives.
- Henrite.
- Kiwit.
- Naphthalit.
- Rivalit (Chlorat-).
-
- Paraffin Wax. _See_ Wax.
-
- Perchlorate, Ammonium.
- Alkalsit.
- Amasite.
- Barking Powder.
- Blastine.
- Carlsonite.
- Kausolit.
- M. B. Powder.
- Rexol.
- Territ.
- Yonckite.
-
- Perchlorate, Potassium.
- Ajax Powder.
- Alkalsit.
- Bomlit.
- Chloratzite.
- Colinit.
- Dominit.
- Donarit.
- Dorfit (Per-).
- Dynobel.
- Halalite.
- Hammonit.
- Helagon.
- Helit.
- Herculite.
- Koronit.
- Leonit.
- M. B. Powder.
- Mercurit.
- Neonal.
- Ophorite.
- Peragon.
- Perchlorit.
- Perdit.
- Perilit.
- Permonite.
- Persalit.
- Pniowit.
- Polarite.
- Pulvérite.
- Rhenanit.
- Rivalit.
- Romperit.
- Samsonite.
- Schlesit.
- Sonnit.
- Sunderite.
- Swale Powder.
- Tremonit.
- Westfalite.
-
- Perchlorate, Sodium.
- Alkalsit.
- Hammonit.
- Koronit.
- Leonit.
-
- Perchlorates.
- Mitchellite.
- Persalit.
- Roslin Giant Blasting Powder.
-
- Permanganate, Potassium.
- Roburite.
-
- Picrate, Ammonium.
- Brugère’s Powder.
- Picramite.
-
- Picric Acid.
- Crésylite.
- Dunnite.
- Granatfuellung.
- Lyddite.
- Mélinite.
- Picrol.
- Pierrite.
- Shellite.
- Sprengel Explosives.
-
- Picryl Sulphide.
- Granatfuellung.
-
- Pitch, Coal Tar.
- Petroklastit.
-
- Potassium Chloride, Nitrate, etc. _See_ Chloride, Nitrate, etc.
-
- Potato Meal. _See_ Meal, Potato.
-
-
- Quebracho.
- Minolite.
-
-
- Resin.
- Aerolit.
- Cannonite.
- Chloratzite.
- E.C. Powder.
- Favier Explosives.
- Giant Powder.
- Glueckauf.
- Judson Powder.
- Normal Powder.
- Persalit.
- Plastrotyl.
- Rexol.
- Romperit.
- Silesia.
- Westfalite.
-
- Resin, Oxidised.
- Siegenit.
- Steelite.
- Wallonite.
-
-
- Salts, Hydrated.
- Eureka.
- Giant Coal-Mine Powder.
- Lomite.
- Meteor.
-
- Salts, Inorganic. _See also_ Chlorides, Sulphates, etc.
- Albit.
- Koronit.
- Lafflin and Rand.
- Monachit.
- Persalit.
-
- Salts, Neutral.
- Cahuecit (Ammon-).
- Chloratzit.
- Detonit.
- Foerder Sicherheitssprengstoff.
- H.
- Hammonit.
- Petrolit.
- Schlesit.
- Teutonit.
- Wilhelmit.
-
- Sawdust.
- Herculite.
-
- Shellac. _See also_ Gum Lac.
- Cheesa Sticks.
- Cooppal’s Powder.
- Wetteren.
-
- Silicide, Calcium.
- Sabulite.
-
- Soap.
- Albit.
-
- Sodium Chloride, Nitrate, etc. _See_ Chloride, Nitrate.
-
- Soot.
- Marsit.
-
- Starch.
- Abelite.
- Bellite.
- Bobbinite.
- Bomlit.
- Carbonite.
- Cliffite.
- Cooppal’s Powder.
- Electronite.
- Excellite (Super-).
- Himalayite.
- Kolax.
- Kynite.
- Monarkite.
- Nitro-Densite.
- Permonite.
- Ruby Powder.
- Schlesit.
- S.R.
- Superite.
- Syndite.
- Thames Powder.
- Troisdorf Smokeless Powder.
-
- Stearine.
- Cannonite.
-
- Straw Charcoal.
- Cocoa Powder.
-
- Strontium Nitrate.
- Densite.
-
- Sugar.
- Anilit.
- Glueckauf.
- White Gunpowder.
-
- Sulphate, Ammonium.
- Antigel.
- Bobbinite.
- Flammivore.
- Progressit.
- Pulvérite.
-
- Sulphate, Barium.
- Cugnite.
- Flammivore.
- Pulvérite.
-
- Sulphate, Copper.
- Bobbinite.
-
- Sulphate, Iron.
- Cahuecit.
-
- Sulphate, Magnesium.
- Colinit.
- Cornish Powder.
- Grisoutine.
- Siegenit.
-
- Sulphate, Sodium.
- Grisoutine.
- Raschit.
-
- Sulphide, Antimony.
- Flobert Ammunition.
- Kinetit.
-
- Sulphonate, Ammonium Nitro-cresol-.
-
- Sulphonate, Sodium Cresol-.
- Raschit.
-
- Sulphur.
- Aerolit.
- Aphosite.
- Black Powder.
- Bobbinite.
- Cahuecit.
- Cocoa Powder.
- Dynamite (American).
- Forcite.
- Giant Powder.
- Hebler Powder.
- Judson Powder.
- Lithofracteur.
- Loewenpulver.
- M. B. Powder.
- Petroklastit.
- Praeposit.
- Pulvérin.
- Sprengsalpeter.
- Virite.
-
- Sulphuretted Benzol.
- Carbonite.
-
-
- Tallow. _See also_ Fat.
- Sebomite.
-
- Tar.
- Forcite.
- Loewenpulver.
-
- Tetranitro-methyl-aniline.
-
- Tetryl.
- Favier Explosives.
- Fortex.
- Oakley Quarry Powder.
-
- Trinitro-anisole.
- Granatfuellung.
- Nitrolit.
- Stabilite.
-
- Trinitro-cresol.
- Crésilite.
- Mélinite.
-
- Trinitro-cresylate, Ammonium.
- Ecrasit.
-
- Trinitro-naphthalene.
- Ammonite.
- Cahuecit.
- Favier Explosives.
- Minolite.
-
- Trinitro-phenol. _See_ Picric Acid.
-
- Trinitro-phenyl-methyl-nitramine. _See_ Tetryl.
-
- Trinitro-toluene.
- Abelite.
- Ajax Powder.
- Alkalsist.
- Alsilite.
- Alumatol.
- Amatol.
- Amatoxol.
- Ammonal.
- Ammonite.
- Anchorite.
- Astralit.
- Azurite.
- Baelenite.
- Baratol.
- Barbarit.
- Bautzener Sicherheits-pulver.
- Bellite.
- Bomlit.
- Cahuecit.
- Cannonite.
- Colinit.
- Curtisite.
- Dahmenite.
- Denaby Powder.
- Densite.
- Donarit.
- Dorfit.
- Dreadnought Powder.
- Dynobel.
- Echo.
- Elsagit.
- Expedite.
- Faversham Powder.
- Fuellpulver.
- Fulmenit.
- Fumyl.
- Gehlingerit.
- Gelignite.
- Granatfuellung.
- Grisoutine.
- Halalite.
- Haylite.
- Kentite.
- Leonit.
- Lignosit.
- Luxit.
- Macarite.
- Melling Powder.
- Mersey Powder.
- Minite.
- Minolite.
- Nationalite.
- Negro Powder.
- Neonal.
- P. C. /88.
- Permonite.
- Perrumpit.
- Persalit.
- Pfalzit.
- Pniowit.
- Pulvérite.
- Rexite.
- Roburite.
- Romperit.
- Russelite.
- Sabulite.
- St. Helen’s Powder.
- Swale Powder.
- Titanite.
- T. N. T.
- Tolite.
- Toxol.
- Tremonit.
- Trinol.
- Trotyl.
- Tunnelit.
- Walsrode Sicherheits-Sprengstoff.
- Westfalite.
- Withnell Powder.
- Yonckite.
-
- Trinitro-xylene.
- Amatoxol.
- Toxol.
-
- Turmeric.
- Good Luck.
-
- Turpentine.
- Plastrotyl.
- Prométhée.
-
-
- Vaseline. _See also_ Mineral Jelly.
- Amberite.
- Bomlit.
- Cannonite.
- Chromamonit.
- Dragonite.
- E. C. Powder.
- Empire Powder.
- Felixite.
- Kiwit.
- K. S.
- Neonite.
- New Explosives Co.
- Red Star.
- Schultze Powder.
- Smokeless Diamond.
- S. S.
-
- Vegetable Meal. _See_ Meal, Vegetable.
-
- Vegetable Ivory.
- Meganit.
-
-
- Wax, Paraffin. _See also_ Paraffin.
- Blastine.
- Bobbinite.
- Cheddite.
- Mélinite.
-
- Wood Meal and Wood Pulp.
- Abbcite.
- Aetna Powder.
- Ajax Powder.
- Albionite.
- Alkalsit.
- Amvis.
- Antigel.
- Aphosite.
- Arkite.
- Astralit.
- Britonite.
- Cahuecit.
- Cambrite.
- Carbite d’Ablon.
- Carbonite.
- Celtite.
- Cilferite.
- Cliffite (Super-).
- Clydite.
- Cornish Powder.
- Cugnite.
- Dominite.
- Dragonite.
- Du Pont Permissible.
- Duxite.
- Dynamite.
- Dynobel.
- Electronite.
- Excellite.
- Forcite.
- Fracturite.
- Gelatine Dynamite.
- Gelignite.
- Giant Powder.
- Grisoutine.
- Halalite.
- Haylite.
- Herculite.
- Kent Powder.
- Kolax.
- Kynarkite.
- Kynite.
- Leonit.
- Ligdyn.
- Lignosit.
- Loewenpulver.
- Luxit.
- Meganit.
- Melling Powder.
- Mersey Powder.
- Monobel.
- Monobel Powder.
- Neonal.
- Nitro-Densite.
- Nobel Ammonia Powder.
- Normanite.
- Oaklite.
- Perdit.
- Permonite.
- Phœnix Powder.
- Pit-ite.
- Pitsea Powder.
- Pniowit.
- Polarite.
- Rex Powder.
- Rexite.
- Rhexit.
- Rippite.
- Russelite.
- Samsonite.
- Saxonite.
- Sheppey Powder.
- Stomonal.
- Stonax.
- Stowite.
- Sunderite.
- Swale Powder.
- Swalite.
- Thames Powder.
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-The Project Gutenberg EBook of Dictionary of Explosives, by Arthur Marshall
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-Title: Dictionary of Explosives
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-Author: Arthur Marshall
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-Release Date: November 13, 2015 [EBook #50446]
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-Language: English
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-Character set encoding: UTF-8
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-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES ***
-
-
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-Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
-produced from images generously made available by The
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-
-<h1>DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES</h1>
-
-<p class="center space-below3"><small>BY</small><br /><big>ARTHUR MARSHALL</big><br />
-A.C.G.I., F.I.C., F.C.S.<br />
-<small>CHEMICAL INSPECTOR INDIAN ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT</small></p>
-
-<p class="center space-above3"><small>PHILADELPHIA</small><br />
-<big>P. BLAKISTON’S SON &amp; CO.</big><br />1012 WALNUT STREET<br /><big>1920</big></p>
-
-<p class="center space-above3"><i>Printed in Great Britain</i>
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[Pg v]</a></span></p>
-<hr class="chap" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<h2>INTRODUCTION</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p>It is a generation since a dictionary of explosives has been
-published, and, in the meantime, many new explosives have been
-introduced. It is hoped, therefore, that this small volume, giving
-concise information about these special materials, may prove useful
-to those who have to deal with them. In Cundill and Thomson’s
-“Dictionary of Explosives,” issued in 1895, there are many entries of
-the names of inventors and of mixtures which had been proposed but
-have never been used commercially, nor are likely to be. As modern
-explosives were then in their infancy, it was no doubt wise to insert
-all the available information whether it appeared to be important
-or not; but now it seems to me better to restrict the scope of the
-dictionary so as to keep its size within moderate limits. Practically
-only explosives with special or proprietary names are therefore dealt
-with here. For information concerning chemical substances, such as
-the nitro-toluenes and other nitro-compounds, reference should be
-made to the textbooks on explosives and chemistry.</p>
-
-<p>A few words may, however, be said here about the nitrocelluloses.
-These are made by treating cellulose with a mixture of nitric
-and sulphuric acids, and then purifying the product by washing
-it thoroughly with hot water. The variety of cellulose most used
-for this purpose is cotton, and the product obtained from it is
-frequently called nitrocotton, three special varieties of which are
-collodion cotton, pyrocollodion and guncotton (<i>q. v.</i>). The only
-other form of cellulose which is nitrated on a commercial scale is
-“chemical cellulose” obtained by the treatment of wood or straw.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">[Pg vi]</a></span>
-Nitrated wood cellulose has long been used for the manufacture of
-smokeless powders for shot-guns, and during the War the Germans made
-powders for rifled fire-arms from it.</p>
-
-<p>No trouble has been spared to make the dictionary complete and
-accurate, but there must inevitably be omissions and errors in it,
-especially as regards the explosives of foreign countries. The author
-will be grateful for any additional information that may be sent him.</p>
-
-<p>Explosives may be classified in various ways, according to the
-purpose of the classification, but the great majority of them fall
-naturally into two main divisions: propellants and high explosives.
-Propellants explode comparatively slowly, and are used to propel
-projectiles from fire-arms. High explosives are much more rapid in
-their action, and are used for bursting and shattering. Propellants
-are of two sorts, according as they are intended for use in shot-guns
-or rifled fire-arms. Those for shot-guns burn more rapidly than those
-for the latter, but both practically always contain a considerable
-proportion of nitrocellulose, gelatinised by means of such solvents
-as acetone or ether-alcohol, according as it is of high or low
-nitration. Some contain also nitroglycerine, and are then called
-nitroglycerine powders, whereas those that do not contain this
-substance are termed nitrocellulose powders. Many powders also
-contain other ingredients, as may be seen from the compositions given
-in this dictionary.</p>
-
-<p>Of high explosives an important class is used for charging shells
-and bombs. As a rule, but not necessarily, these are not the same
-as the explosives used for mining operations and other general
-blasting purposes. Another important class is that of the coal-mine
-explosives, which are designed to give only a short and comparatively
-cool flame so as to diminish the danger of igniting fire-damp
-and coal-dust. Nearly half the explosives in this dictionary are
-coal-mine explosives. The reason for this large number is that no
-finality has yet been reached as to the best and safest explosives
-to use in coal mines. When more experience has been gained it is
-probable that the number of these explosives on the market will
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[Pg vii]</a></span>
-be reduced. In England the Permitted List has recently been cut down
-considerably.</p>
-
-<p>In Great Britain these coal-mine explosives have to be submitted
-to the Inspectors of Explosives, and are subjected to tests for
-safety and strength. If they pass they are placed on the list of
-“Permitted Explosives,” and the compositions are published in the
-Explosives in Coal Mines Orders. In these Orders the upper and lower
-limits of the percentage of each constituent are given, but in this
-dictionary intermediate percentages are given so that the sum for any
-explosive amounts to 100. In the Explosives in Coal Mines Orders the
-percentage of such a substance as wood, meal or starch, is given in
-the dried condition, but here it is given in the air-dry state on the
-assumption that it then contains about 10 per cent. of moisture.</p>
-
-<p>In France and Belgium also the compositions of the coal-mine
-explosives are published, but in Germany, as a rule, only a list of
-the constituents is given, and sometimes an upper or lower limit for
-one or more of the principal constituents. Moreover, it is not stated
-explicitly whether the explosives are intended for use in coal mines
-or for general blasting purposes. In the United States of America,
-explosives intended for use in coal mines are examined by the Bureau
-of Mines, which, however, has no power to prevent the use of others
-because regulations on this matter are made by the individual states.
-If they pass they are placed on the list of “Permissible Explosives.”
-The compositions are not published, but the class of composition is
-stated.</p>
-
-<p>Until the second half of the nineteenth century, gunpowder was
-practically the only explosive used on a considerable scale, and it
-was employed for all purposes. Consequently it does not fall into any
-of the classes mentioned, or rather it could be placed in several of
-them.</p>
-
-<p>Another class of explosives that has not yet been mentioned is that
-of the primary igniters, of which fulminate of mercury may be taken
-as typical. The characteristic of these is that they can be exploded
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">[Pg viii]</a></span>
-or ignited by a spark or moderate friction, and consequently they
-can be employed to fire other, less sensitive explosives. There
-are, however, practically no explosives of this class which possess
-special or proprietary names, and consequently they are not dealt
-with in this dictionary.</p>
-
-<p><i>Naini Tal, India.</i><br />&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;1920.</p>
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_ix" id="Page_ix">[Pg ix]</a></span></p>
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<h2>CLASSIFICATION</h2>
-</div>
-
-<table border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="Classification" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td colspan="2" class="tdc">COAL-MINE EXPLOSIVES</td>
- </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="tdc"><br /><i>American Permissible Explosives.</i></td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Aetna Coal Mine Powder.</td> <td class="tdl">Guardian.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Bental Coal Powder.</td> <td class="tdl">Hecla No. 2.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Bituminite.</td> <td class="tdl">Hygrade Coal Powder.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Black Diamond.</td> <td class="tdl">Kanite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Cameron Mine Powder.</td> <td class="tdl">Lomite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Carbonite.</td> <td class="tdl">Lowinite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Coalite.</td> <td class="tdl">Meteor.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Coal Special.</td> <td class="tdl">Miners’ Friend.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collier Powder.</td> <td class="tdl">Min-ite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Cronite.</td> <td class="tdl">Monobel.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Detonite.</td> <td class="tdl">Nitro Low-Flame.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Du Pont Permissible.</td> <td class="tdl">Red H.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Eureka.</td> <td class="tdl">Trojan Coal Powder.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Fort Pitt Mine Powder.</td> <td class="tdl">Tunnelite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Fuel-ite.</td> <td class="tdl">Vigorite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Giant Coal Mine Powder.</td> <td class="tdl">Xpdite.</td>
- </tr><tr>
- <td colspan="2" class="tdc"><br /><i>Austrian and Hungarian.</i></td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Chloratit.</td> <td class="tdl">Progressit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dynammon.</td> <td class="tdl">Titanit.</td>
- </tr><tr>
- <td colspan="2" class="tdc"><br /><i>Belgian Explosifs S.G.P.</i></td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Alsilite.</td> <td class="tdl">Grisoutite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Antigel de Sûreté.</td> <td class="tdl">Ingélite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Baelenite.</td> <td class="tdl">Minerite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Colinite antigrisouteuse.</td> <td class="tdl">Minite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Cornil.</td> <td class="tdl">Minolite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Densite.</td> <td class="tdl">Pulvérite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dynamite antigrisouteuse.</td> <td class="tdl">Sabulite antigrisouteuse.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Favier Explosives.</td> <td class="tdl">Securophore.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Flammivore.</td> <td class="tdl">Wallonite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Forcite antigrisouteuse.</td> <td class="tdl">Yonckite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Fractorite.</td> <td class="tdl">(There were also several</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Grisoutine II.</td> <td class="tdl">explosives made in Germany.)</td>
- </tr><tr>
- <td colspan="2" class="tdc"><br /><i>British.</i><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_x" id="Page_x">[Pg x]</a></span></td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Abbcite.</td> <td class="tdl">*Herculite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Abelite.</td> <td class="tdl">*Kent Powder.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Ajax Powder.</td> <td class="tdl">&ensp;Kentite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Albionite.</td> <td class="tdl">*Kolax.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Amasite.</td> <td class="tdl">*Kolax (Super-).</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Ammonal.</td> <td class="tdl">*Kynarkite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&ensp;Ammonite.</td> <td class="tdl">*Kynite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Amvis.</td> <td class="tdl">*Melling Powder.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Anchorite.</td> <td class="tdl">*Mersey Powder.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Aphosite.</td> <td class="tdl">*Minite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Arkite.</td> <td class="tdl">&ensp;Monarkite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Barking Powder.</td> <td class="tdl">&ensp;Monobel.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&ensp;Bellite.</td> <td class="tdl">*Monobel Powder.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&ensp;Bobbinite.</td> <td class="tdl">*Nationalite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Britonite.</td> <td class="tdl">&ensp;Negro Powder.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Bull Dog.</td> <td class="tdl">*Neonal.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&ensp;Cambrite.</td> <td class="tdl">*Nitro-Densite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Carbonite.</td> <td class="tdl">*Nobel Ammonia Powder.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Celtite.</td> <td class="tdl">*Normanite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Cliffite.</td> <td class="tdl">*Oaklite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&ensp;Cliffite (Super-).</td> <td class="tdl">*Odite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Clydite.</td> <td class="tdl">*Permon Powder.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Cornish Powder.</td> <td class="tdl">*Permonite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Coronite.</td> <td class="tdl">*Phœnix Powder.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Curtisite.</td> <td class="tdl">*Pit-ite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Curtisite (Super-).</td> <td class="tdl">*Pitsea Powder.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&ensp;Denaby Powder.</td> <td class="tdl">&ensp;Rex Powder.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Dominite.</td> <td class="tdl">*Rexite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Dragonite.</td> <td class="tdl">*Rippite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Dreadnought Powder.</td> <td class="tdl">&ensp;Rippite (Super-).</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&ensp;Du Pont Permissible.</td> <td class="tdl">&ensp;Roburite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Duxite.</td> <td class="tdl">*Russelite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&ensp;Dynobel.</td> <td class="tdl">&ensp;Samsonite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Electronite.</td> <td class="tdl">*Saxonite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&ensp;Essex Powder.</td> <td class="tdl">&ensp;Seamex.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Excellite.</td> <td class="tdl">*Sheppey Powder.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&ensp;Excellite (Super-).</td> <td class="tdl">*Stanford Powder.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&ensp;Expedite.</td> <td class="tdl">*Steelite (Colliery).</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Faversham Powder.</td> <td class="tdl">*St. Helen’s Powder.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&ensp;Fortex (New).</td> <td class="tdl">&ensp;Stomonal.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Fracturite.</td> <td class="tdl">*Stow-ite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Gathurst Powder.</td> <td class="tdl">*Sunderite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Good Luck.</td> <td class="tdl">*Superite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&ensp;Haylite.</td> <td class="tdl">*Swale Powder.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />*Swalite.</td> <td class="tdl"><br />*Victorite.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xi" id="Page_xi">[Pg xi]</a></span></td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Syndite.</td> <td class="tdl">&ensp;Viking Powder.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&ensp;Thames Powder.</td> <td class="tdl">*Virite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Tutol.</td> <td class="tdl">*Westfalite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Uplees Powder.</td> <td class="tdl">*Withnell Powder.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">*Victor Powder.</td> <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="tdc">(Those marked * are not now on the Permitted List.)</td>
- </tr><tr>
- <td colspan="2" class="tdc"><br /><i>French.</i></td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Favier explosives.</td> <td class="tdl">N.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Grisounite.</td> <td class="tdl">Naphthalite (Grisou-).</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Grisoutine.</td> <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="tdc"><br /><i>German.</i></td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Albit (Wetter-).</td> <td class="tdl">Lignosit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Astralit (Wetter-).</td> <td class="tdl">Monachit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Bautzener Sicherheits-pulver.</td> <td class="tdl">Naphthalit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Bavarit.</td> <td class="tdl">Nobelit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Cahuecit (Ammon-).</td> <td class="tdl">Orkanit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Carbonite.</td> <td class="tdl">Pastanit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Chloratzit.</td> <td class="tdl">Permonit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Chromamonit.</td> <td class="tdl">Perrumpit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Cosilit.</td> <td class="tdl">Persalit (Wetter-).</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dahmenit.</td> <td class="tdl">Plastomenit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Detonit.</td> <td class="tdl">Rhenanit (Wetter-).</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Donarit.</td> <td class="tdl">Roburite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dorfit.</td> <td class="tdl">Romperit (Wetter-).</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dynamit (Wettersicheres).</td> <td class="tdl">Salit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Elsagit (Ammon-).</td> <td class="tdl">Schlesit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Foerder Sicherheitssprengstoff.&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdl">Securite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Foerdit.</td> <td class="tdl">Siegenit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Fulmenit (Wetter-).</td> <td class="tdl">Teutonit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Gehlingerit.</td> <td class="tdl">Tremonit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Gesilit.</td> <td class="tdl">Tunnelit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Glueckauf.</td> <td class="tdl">Walsrode (Wetter-).</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Kohlenkarbonit.</td> <td class="tdl">Westfalit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Koronit (Kohlen-).</td> <td class="tdl">Wetter-Dynamit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Lenit (Neu-).</td> <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr>
- <td colspan="2" class="tdc"><br />BLASTING EXPLOSIVES</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Aerolit.</td> <td class="tdl">Alkalsit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Aetna.</td> <td class="tdl">Amasite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Albit.</td> <td class="tdl">Ammonal.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdl"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xii" id="Page_xii">[Pg xii]</a></span></td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammoniakkrut.</td> <td class="tdl">Koronit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Anagon.</td> <td class="tdl">L.C. Pulver.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Anilit.</td> <td class="tdl">Leonit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Astralit.</td> <td class="tdl">Ligdyn.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Atlas Powder.</td> <td class="tdl">Lignosit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Barbarit.</td> <td class="tdl">Lithofracteur.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Blastine.</td> <td class="tdl">Loewenpulver.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Blasting Gelatine.</td> <td class="tdl">Luxit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Bomlit.</td> <td class="tdl">M.B. Powder.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">C.</td> <td class="tdl">Marsit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Cahuecit.</td> <td class="tdl">Meganit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Carbite d’Ablon.</td> <td class="tdl">Melanite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Carbo-Dynamite.</td> <td class="tdl">Mercurit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Carlsonite.</td> <td class="tdl">Miedziankit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Cheddite.</td> <td class="tdl">Minolite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Chloratzite.</td> <td class="tdl">Mitchellite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Cugnite.</td> <td class="tdl">Monachit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dahmenite.</td> <td class="tdl">Naphthalit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Denaby Powder.</td> <td class="tdl">Nitrolit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Densite.</td> <td class="tdl">O.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dominit.</td> <td class="tdl">Oakley Quarry Powder.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Donarit.</td> <td class="tdl">Oxyliquit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dynamite.</td> <td class="tdl">Pastanil.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Electronite.</td> <td class="tdl">Peragon.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ergite.</td> <td class="tdl">Perchlorit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Erin Gelignite.</td> <td class="tdl">Perdit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Extra Dynamite.</td> <td class="tdl">Perilit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Forcite.</td> <td class="tdl">Persalit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Fumenit.</td> <td class="tdl">Petroklastit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Gehlingerit.</td> <td class="tdl">Petrolit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Gelatinée a l’Ammoniaque.</td> <td class="tdl">Pfalzit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Gelatine Dynamite.</td> <td class="tdl">Pierrite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Gelignite.</td> <td class="tdl">Plastammon.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Giant Powder.</td> <td class="tdl">Plessit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Halalite.</td> <td class="tdl">Pniowit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Hammonit.</td> <td class="tdl">Polarite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Helagon.</td> <td class="tdl">Praeposit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Helit.</td> <td class="tdl">Prométhée.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Hercules Powder.</td> <td class="tdl">Prosperit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Imperialite.</td> <td class="tdl">Rack-a-Rock.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Judson Powder.</td> <td class="tdl">Raschit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Kausolit.</td> <td class="tdl">Red Cross.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Kinetit.</td> <td class="tdl">Rendrock.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Kiwit.</td> <td class="tdl">Rexol.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdl"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xiii" id="Page_xiii">[Pg xiii]</a></span></td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Rhenanit.</td> <td class="tdl">Stonax.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Rhexit.</td> <td class="tdl">Telsit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Rivalit.</td> <td class="tdl">Territ.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Rockite.</td> <td class="tdl">Teutonit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Romperit.</td> <td class="tdl">Thornit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Roslin Giant Blasting Powder.</td> <td class="tdl">Titanite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sabulite.</td> <td class="tdl">Tonite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Saxonite.</td> <td class="tdl">Tremonit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sebomite</td> <td class="tdl">Velox Gelatine.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sengite.</td> <td class="tdl">Vender.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Siegenit.</td> <td class="tdl">Vigorite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Silesia.</td> <td class="tdl">Vulcan Powder.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sprengel Explosives.</td> <td class="tdl">Wilhelmit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sprengsalpeter.</td> <td class="tdl">Yonckite.</td>
- </tr><tr>
- <td colspan="2" class="tdc"><br />HIGH EXPLOSIVES</td>
- </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="tdc">(<i>For Shells and Bombs.</i>)</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Alumatol.</td> <td class="tdl">Himalayite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Amatol.</td> <td class="tdl">Hudson’s Explosive.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Amatoxol.</td> <td class="tdl">Lyddite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Anilite.</td> <td class="tdl">Macarite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Astralit.</td> <td class="tdl">Mélinite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Baratol.</td> <td class="tdl">Nitrolit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Cilferite.</td> <td class="tdl">Panclastite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Crésylite.</td> <td class="tdl">Perdit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dunnite.</td> <td class="tdl">Plastrotyl.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Echo.</td> <td class="tdl">Schneiderite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ecrasite.</td> <td class="tdl">Shellite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Fuellpulver.</td> <td class="tdl">Stabilite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Fumyl.</td> <td class="tdl">T.N.T.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Granatfuellung.</td> <td class="tdl">Toxol.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">H.E.</td> <td class="tdl">Triplastit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Hellhofite.</td> <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr>
- <td colspan="2" class="tdc"><br />MISCELLANEOUS EXPLOSIVES</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Black Powder.</td> <td class="tdl">Ophorite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">C.P.</td> <td class="tdl">Pulvérin.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Centralite.</td> <td class="tdl">Pyrocollodion.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Cheesa Sticks.</td> <td class="tdl">Pyroxyline.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion Cotton.</td> <td class="tdl">Stabilite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Flobert Ammunition.</td> <td class="tdl">Tetryl.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Glonoine.</td> <td class="tdl">White Gunpowder.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Halakite.</td> <td class="tdl"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xiv" id="Page_xiv">[Pg xiv]</a></span></td>
- </tr><tr>
- <td colspan="2" class="tdc"><br />PROPELLANTS</td>
- </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="tdc">(<i>For Shot-guns.</i>)</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Amberite.</td> <td class="tdl">Neonite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Cannonite.</td> <td class="tdl">New Explosives Co.’s</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Clermonite.</td> <td class="tdl">&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;Smokeless Powder.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Cooppal’s Powder.</td> <td class="tdl">Normal Powder.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Crystal.</td> <td class="tdl">Plastomenit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Du Pont Smokeless Powder.</td> <td class="tdl">Primrose Smokeless.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">E.C. Powder.</td> <td class="tdl">Red Star.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Economic.</td> <td class="tdl">Rifleite (Shot Gun).</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Eley Smokeless Powder.</td> <td class="tdl">Rottweil Smokeless Powder.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Empire.</td> <td class="tdl">Ruby Powder.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Felixite.</td> <td class="tdl">S.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Fulmen Powder.</td> <td class="tdl">S.S.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Henrite.</td> <td class="tdl">Schultze Powder.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ideal Powder.</td> <td class="tdl">Smokeless Diamond.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">J.</td> <td class="tdl">Stowmarket Smokeless.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">K.S.</td> <td class="tdl">T.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">M.</td> <td class="tdl">Troisdorf Smokeless Powder.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Mischpulver.</td> <td class="tdl">Walsrode Shot Gun Powder.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Mullerite.</td> <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr>
- <td colspan="2" class="tdc"><br />(<i>For Rifled Fire-arms.</i>)</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Amide Powder.</td> <td class="tdl">N.C.T.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonpulver.</td> <td class="tdl">Neonite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Apyrite.</td> <td class="tdl">Nitrokol.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Axite.</td> <td class="tdl">Normal Powder.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">B.</td> <td class="tdl">P.C./88.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ballistite.</td> <td class="tdl">R.F.G.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Brugère’s Powder.</td> <td class="tdl">R.L.G.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Cocao Powder.</td> <td class="tdl">Rifleite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Cordite.</td> <td class="tdl">Rottweil Smokeless Powder.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">C.S.P.</td> <td class="tdl">S.K.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Filite.</td> <td class="tdl">S.R.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Hebler Powder.</td> <td class="tdl">S.V.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Indurite.</td> <td class="tdl">Solenite.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Lafflin and Rand.</td> <td class="tdl">Troisdorf Smokeless Powder.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Moddite.</td> <td class="tdl">Wetteren.</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-<hr class="chap" />
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p>
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<h2>DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p><b>ABBCITE.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive made by Kynoch,
-Ltd. The original composition which passed the Woolwich
-Test was&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">80</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">10</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">10</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">To enable it to pass the Rotherham Test sodium chloride
-was added, and a little dinitro-toluene was also introduced&mdash;</p>
-
-<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Abbcite No. 2.</span></p>
-
-<table border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">3-7-15</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">58&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">8·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">9&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">1·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">23&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />18 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·54”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent space-below2">The permit has now been repealed.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above2"><b>ABELITE.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive made by the Lancashire
-Explosives Co. Two formulas were approved&mdash;</p>
-
-<table border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">No. 1.</td> <td class="tdr">No. 4.&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">7-4-14</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;15-1-15</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">68·5</td> <td class="tdr">67&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dinitro-benzene</td> <td class="tdr">7&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">7&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">14·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">17·5</td> <td class="tdr">7&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Starch</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">11·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />14 oz.</td> <td class="tdr"><br />18 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·85”</td> <td class="tdr">2·79”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent space-below2">The permits have now been repealed.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>Abelite (without distinguishing number) is simply a
-mixture of ammonium nitrate and trinitro-toluene&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">83</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">17</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-below2">It is therefore a variety of <a href="#bellite">Bellite</a>
-in which the dinitro-benzene has been replaced by trinitro-toluene. It is
-used for filling grenades and general blasting purposes, but is not
-permitted in dangerous coal mines.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above2"><b>AEROLIT</b> is a Danish ammonium nitrate explosive,
-<i>e.g.</i>&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdl">78·125</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdl">&nbsp;&nbsp;7·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sulphur</td> <td class="tdl">&nbsp;&nbsp;8·75</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Fat</td> <td class="tdl">&nbsp;&nbsp;2·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sago meal</td> <td class="tdl">&nbsp;&nbsp;1·25</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Manganese dioxide&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdl">&nbsp;&nbsp;1·25</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Resin</td> <td class="tdl">&nbsp;&nbsp;0·625</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above2"><b>AETNA COAL POWDER</b> is an American
-coal-mine powder on the Permissible List. Brands A, B and C are
-nitroglycerine explosives. AA and No. 2 are ammonium nitrate
-explosives.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>AETNA POWDER.</b>&mdash;A variety of
-American dynamite containing 15 to 65 per cent. of nitroglycerine
-mixed with wood pulp and sodium nitrate. Roasted flour has sometimes
-been substituted for wood pulp.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>AJAX POWDER.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive
-made by Nobel’s Explosives Co.</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">1-9-13</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">22·3</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitrocotton</td> <td class="tdr">0·7</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Di- and trinitro-toluenes</td> <td class="tdr">3·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium perchlorate</td> <td class="tdr">37&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">11·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate</td> <td class="tdr">25&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />12 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·69”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent space-below2">In 1914, 329,000 lbs. were used in
-coal mines, but the permit has now been repealed.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span></p>
-
-<p><b>ALBIONITE.</b>&mdash;A mixture of <a href="#gelignite">gelignite</a>
-and ammonium oxalate. It was formerly on the Permitted List.</p>
-
-<p><b>ALBIT.</b>&mdash;A German chlorate explosive introduced in
-1915 in consequence of the scarcity of nitrates due to the War. It
-is defined as consisting of not more than 80 per cent. sodium or
-potassium chlorate, not more than 4 per cent. nitroglycerine, and
-mono- or dinitro-hydrocarbons. It may also contain inorganic salts and
-carbon carriers such as vegetable meal, oils, soaps or carbohydrates.
-A variety made for use in coal mines is called Wetter-Albit or
-Kohlen-Albit.</p>
-
-<p><b>ALDORFIT.</b> See <a href="#dorfit"><b>DORFIT</b></a>.</p>
-
-<p><a name="alkasit"></a><b>ALKALSIT.</b>&mdash;A German chlorate or perchlorate
-explosive made by the Dynamit A.-G. of Hamburg. It contains not
-more than 80 per cent. sodium or potassium chlorate, or not more
-than 80 per cent. sodium, potassium or ammonium perchlorate, and
-19 per cent. of aromatic nitro-hydrocarbons and nitrocotton, also
-coal, hydrocarbons or carbohydrates, and nitrates. The chlorate
-mixtures must not contain ammonium salts. Alkalsit I contains not
-more than 27 per cent. of potassium perchlorate, ammonium
-nitrate, not more than 24 per cent. of sodium nitrate, not more
-than 8 per cent. of trinitro-toluene, also wood meal, flour and
-nitro-naphthalene. Alkalsit A contains not more than 55 per cent. of
-potassium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, not more than 31 per cent.
-trinitro-toluene, and not more than 5 per cent. of a neutral liquid
-mixture of nitrated toluenes. Alkalsit B is similar except that it
-contains also ammonium nitrate.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>ALSILITE S.G.P.</b>&mdash;A Belgian coal-mine explosive
-on the list of Explosifs S.G.P. It is of the <a href="#ammonal">Ammonal</a> type&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">62</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">11</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ferro-silicon-aluminium&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">22</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Charge limite</td> <td class="tdr"><br />900 g.</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above2"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span>
-<b>ALUMATOL.</b>&mdash;A mixture of ammonium nitrate, trinitro-toluene and
-a little aluminium powder, used for charging trench-mortar bombs, etc.</p>
-
-<p><b>AMASITE.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive formerly on the Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium perchlorate&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">34&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">31&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Myrobolans</td> <td class="tdr">34·7</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Agar agar</td> <td class="tdr">0·3</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">It was made by the Société Anonyme de Vilvorde
-in Belgium, and was originally called Ugolite.</p>
-
-<p class="space-below1">Rock Amasite and S.T. Amasite are
-non-permitted explosives of composition somewhat similar to the above.</p>
-
-<p><a name="amatol"></a><b>AMATOL.</b>&mdash;A mixture of ammonium nitrate
-and trinitro-toluene. The composition is shown by the figures placed
-after the name; thus Amatol 40/60 contains 40 per cent. ammonium
-nitrate and 60 per cent. trinitro-toluene, and Amatol 80/20 consists
-of 80 parts ammonium nitrate and 20 parts trinitro-toluene. These
-explosives are used very extensively for filling shell and other
-projectiles. The mixtures rich in trinitro-toluene can be cast
-after being heated to temperature above the melting-point of this
-constituent, but those rich in ammonium nitrate are stemmed into
-the projectile hot or pressed. Similar mixtures are used by the
-Germans and other powers under various names. In Germany it is called
-Füllpulver (q. v.).</p>
-
-<p><b>AMATOXOL.</b>&mdash;A mixture of ammonium nitrate and <a href="#toxol">Toxol</a>,
-which consists of trinitro-toluene and trinitro-xylene.</p>
-
-<p>*<b>AMBERITE.</b>&mdash;A smokeless shot-gun powder made
-by Curtis’s and Harvey at Tonbridge. Amberite No. 1 contained
-nitroglycerine as well as nitrocotton and various other substances.
-According to “Arms and Explosives,” 1917, p. 78, a sample of Amberite
-No. 2 had the composition&mdash;
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Insoluble nitrocotton</td> <td class="tdr">18·6</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Soluble&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;”</td> <td class="tdr">46·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitrates of potassium and barium&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">28·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Vaseline</td> <td class="tdr">6·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Volatile matter</td> <td class="tdr">1·4</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">This is still on the market. It is a fibrous
-42-grain bulk powder.</p>
-
-<p>*<a name="amidepowder"></a><b>AMIDE POWDER</b> or Chilworth Special Powder was an
-early attempt at a smokeless powder. Under the name of Amidpulver it was used by
-the German artillery for some years in the ’eighties of the last
-century. Its composition was&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">35-38</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">40-46</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Charcoal</td> <td class="tdr">14-22</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">See also <a href="#ammonpulver">Ammonpulver</a>
-and <a href="#heblerpowder">Hebler Powder</a>.</p>
-
-<p><a name="ammonal"></a><b>AMMONAL</b> is a blasting explosive containing ammonium
-nitrate, aluminium powder, charcoal, and generally trinitro-toluene. It was
-patented in 1900 by G. Roth of Vienna, and the following are some of
-the compositions made by his firm at Felixdorf in Austria&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc"><i>a</i></td> <td class="tdr"><i>b</i>&nbsp;</td>
- <td class="tdr"><i>c</i>&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr"><i>d</i>&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">80·75</td> <td class="tdr">&ensp;&nbsp;90</td>
- <td class="tdr">&ensp;&nbsp;88</td> <td class="tdr">&ensp;&nbsp;80</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Aluminium</td> <td class="tdr">15&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">4</td>
- <td class="tdr">8</td> <td class="tdr">18</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Charcoal</td> <td class="tdr">4·25</td> <td class="tdr">6</td>
- <td class="tdr">4</td> <td class="tdr">2</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p>More violent mixtures made by the same firm are&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">I</td> <td class="tdc">II</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">46</td> <td class="tdr">&ensp;&nbsp;32</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">30</td> <td class="tdr">50</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Aluminium</td> <td class="tdr">22</td> <td class="tdr">16</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Charcoal</td> <td class="tdr">2</td> <td class="tdr">2</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">and modifications of this have been used largely
-in the British service. It is not suitable for use in underground
-workings as it forms on explosion the poisonous gas carbon monoxide,
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span>
-unless the proportion of ammonium nitrate be large. It has been used
-for charging grenades, and by the Austrians for trench howitzer bombs.</p>
-
-<p>When the explosive is detonated, the aluminium is converted into
-the oxide, evolving no gas, but a considerable amount of heat, which
-increases the power of the explosive. The aluminium powder also
-renders the explosive easier to detonate.</p>
-
-<p>Three explosives of this type passed the Woolwich Test, and were
-on the old Permitted List for coal mines, namely, Ammonal B, Ripping
-Ammonal and Saint Helen’s Powder (q. v.).</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc"><br />Ammonal B.</td> <td class="tdc">Ripping<br />&ensp;&nbsp;Ammonal.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">94·5&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">86&ensp;&nbsp;&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Aluminium</td> <td class="tdr">3&ensp;&nbsp;&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">8&ensp;&nbsp;&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Charcoal</td> <td class="tdr">2·5&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·5&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium bichromate</td> <td class="tdc">&ensp;&nbsp;&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">3·5&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">No explosives containing aluminium are on the present Permitted List.</p>
-
-<table class="zero_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl"><b>AMMONCAHUECIT</b> }</td> <td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#cahuecit"><b>CAHUECIT</b></a>.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdr">}</td> <td class="tdc">&emsp;&nbsp;See&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><b>AMMONCARBONIT</b> }</td> <td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#carbonite"><b>CARBONIT</b></a>.</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above2"><b>AMMONIAKKRUT</b> was the first ammonium
-nitrate explosive. It was invented by J. Ohlsson and J. H. Norrbin,
-two Swedes, and was protected by English Patent 2766 of 1869. It
-consisted of ammonium nitrate together with 5 or 10 per cent. of
-charcoal, coal dust, etc., to which mixture was added 10 to 30 per
-cent. of nitroglycerine to make it less difficult to detonate.</p>
-
-<p><a name="ammonite"></a><b>AMMONITE</b> is a coal-mine explosive
-of the <a href="#favier">Favier</a> type, made by the Miners’ Safety Explosives Co.
-The original composition, which passed the Woolwich Test was&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">88</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dinitro-naphthalene&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">12</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span>
-To pass the more severe Rotherham Test a number of compositions have
-been made and approved, but some of them have been repealed. Those
-now on the Permitted List are&mdash;</p>
-
-<table border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">Ammonite<br />No. 1.&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr_top">&ensp;&nbsp;Ammonite.</td> <td class="tdr">&ensp;&nbsp;Ammonite<br />No. 5.&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">29-8-14</td> <td class="tdr">5-11-17</td> <td class="tdr">2-8-18</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">74·5</td> <td class="tdr">73·5</td> <td class="tdr">74·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dinitro-naphthalene</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">5·5</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-naphthalene&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">5&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">5&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">20·5</td> <td class="tdr">21&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">20·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />24&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr"><br />18&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr"><br />26 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·42</td> <td class="tdr">2·44</td> <td class="tdr">2·41”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-below1">Ammonite No. 1 is used on a considerable scale in coal mines.
-A non-permitted explosive called Ripping Ammonite is also made.</p>
-
-<p>*<a name="ammonpulver"><b>AMMONPULVER</b></a> is a propellant which was used by the Austrians
-from 1890 to 1896 in guns of various calibres&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">80-90</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Charcoal</td> <td class="tdr">10-20</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">It was superseded by a powder
-of the <a href="#ballistite">ballistite</a> type, but has been reintroduced
-recently by the Germans to replace a part of the charge of nitrocellulose powder
-in their field gun. The advantages claimed for it are small erosion of
-the gun, absence of muzzle flame, chemical stability, and cheapness.
-On the other hand, it gives high pressures, and if used by itself
-requires a gun with a specially large chamber; but the most serious
-objection to it is that on keeping, physical changes take place in
-the pellets, leading to the production of very high pressures. It is
-said that moisture promotes these changes. See also <a href="#amidepowder">Amide Powder</a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>AMVIS.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive formerly on the Permitted List&mdash;
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span></p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">90</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dinitro-benzene&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&nbsp; }</td> <td rowspan="2" class="tdr">5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Chlorinated naphthalene }&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>Neu ANAGON.</b>&mdash;A German blasting
-explosive containing not more than 70 per cent. of ammonium nitrate,
-zinc-aluminium alloy and charcoal.</p>
-
-<p><b>ANCHORITE.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive of the <a href="#favier">Favier</a> type,
-formerly on the Permitted List. It was made by Kynoch-Arklow, Ltd.</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">13-5-14</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">34·3</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">33·3</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium chloride&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">20·2</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">12·2</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"></td> <td class="tdr"></td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />14 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·73”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>ANILIT.</b>&mdash;A German explosive
-containing not less than 70 per cent. of ammonium nitrate, not more
-than 5 per cent. of sugar, and copper sulphate-aniline or copper
-oxalate-aniline.</p>
-
-<p><b>ANILITE.</b>&mdash;A French liquid explosive of the Sprengel
-class used for aerial bombs.</p>
-
-<p><a name="surete"></a><b>ANTIGEL DE SÛRETÉ.</b>&mdash;A Belgian coal-mine explosive&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">25</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">20</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">15</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium sulphate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Cellulose&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;}</td> <td rowspan="2" class="tdr">35</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal&emsp;&emsp;&emsp; }</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">The Charge limite is 900 grammes, which is
-equivalent to 524 grammes of dynamite No. 1. The composition is
-the same as that of <a href="#ingelite">Ingélite</a>. It is a
-low-freezing nitroglycerine explosive.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span></p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>APHOSITE.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive
-formerly on the Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">60&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">29·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Charcoal</td> <td class="tdr">4&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">4&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sulphur</td> <td class="tdr">2·5</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1">*<b>APYRITE.</b>&mdash;A nitrocellulose smokeless
-powder formerly made in Sweden by the Société Grakrut.</p>
-
-<p><b>ARKITE.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive made by Kynoch, Ltd. The
-original composition which passed the Woolwich Test was&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">52·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitrocotton</td> <td class="tdr">3·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">22&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">7&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">15&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">The proportions were modified, and the following passed
-the Rotherham Test, and was on the Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
-<caption><span class="smcap">Arkite No. 2.</span></caption>
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">7-4-14</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">32</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitrocotton</td> <td class="tdr">1</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">27</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">10</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate</td> <td class="tdr">30</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />40 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·41”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">It has now been repealed.</p>
-
-<p><a name="astralit"></a><b>ASTRALIT.</b>&mdash;An ammonium nitrate explosive
-containing a little <a href="#blastinggelatine">blasting gelatine</a>, made by the
-Dynamit A. G. Nobel of Hamburg. It has been used largely in Germany for a variety of purposes.</p>
-
-<p>Astralit I and II are defined as consisting of ammonium
-nitrate, charcoal, vegetable meal, not more than 15 per cent. of aromatic
-nitro-bodies not more dangerous than trinitro-toluene, not more than
-4 per cent. of <a href="#blastinggelatine">blasting gelatine</a>; also paraffin oil.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>Astralit IV consists of ammonium nitrate, not
-more than 10 per cent. of aromatic nitro-bodies not more dangerous than
-dinitro-naphthalene, vegetable meal, and not more than 4 per cent. of
-<a href="#blastinggelatine">blasting gelatine</a>.</p>
-
-<p>Astralit V, which has been introduced recently, contains up
-to 10 per cent. of potassium perchlorate in addition to ammonium
-nitrate, also vegetable meal, not more than 16 per cent. of aromatic
-nitro-compounds, and not more than 4 per cent. of nitroglycerine.</p>
-
-<p>Gelatine-Astralit is a gelatinised or powdery mixture of the
-nitrates of ammonium and sodium (or potassium), not more than 50
-per cent. of dinitro-chlorhydrin, not more than 5 per cent. of
-nitroglycerine, not more than 2 per cent. of collodion cotton,
-vegetable meal, aromatic nitro-bodies such as nitro-toluenes
-or nitro-naphthalenes, but not more than 4 per cent. of
-trinitro-toluene; also hydrocarbons.</p>
-
-<p>Wetter-Astralit is a coal-mine explosive, and differs from
-Astralit in that part of the ammonium nitrate
-is replaced by sodium chloride.</p>
-
-<p>Wetter-Gelatine-Astralit is also a coal-mine explosive, and
-differs from Gelatine-Astralit in that it contains also fatty oils
-and neutral salts, such as potassium chloride, sodium chloride or an
-oxalate.</p>
-
-<p>The following percentage compositions have been given&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr_top">Astralit.</td> <td class="tdr">Wetter-<br />&emsp;&nbsp;Astralit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">4&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">4&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">84·5</td> <td class="tdr">74·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">7&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">7&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">1&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">1&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Charcoal</td> <td class="tdr">1&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">1&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Paraffin oil</td> <td class="tdr">2·5</td> <td class="tdr">2·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">10&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr><td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">Gelatine-<br />Wetter-<br />Astralit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">4&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dinitro-chlorhydrin</td> <td class="tdr">16&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitrocotton</td> <td class="tdr">0·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">40&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">7·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">4&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">1&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">0·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potato meal</td> <td class="tdr">8&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Rape oil</td> <td class="tdr">2&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">14&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span>
-Explosives of the Astralit type have also been used extensively
-by the Germans for filling trench howitzer shell and similar
-projectiles. The following is approximately the composition used for
-this purpose&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">3&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitrocotton</td> <td class="tdr">0·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">77&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">16&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">3·5</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p>This explosive was authorised in England under the name of Australite.</p>
-
-<p><b>ATLAS POWDER.</b>&mdash;A brand of American straight dynamite.</p>
-
-<p><b>AUSTRALITE.</b> See <a href="#astralit"><b>ASTRALIT</b></a>.</p>
-
-<p>*<b>AXITE.</b> A smokeless powder made by Kynoch, Ltd., and used for
-sporting rifles. It is a sort of <a href="#cordite">Cordite MD</a>, with a
-little of the guncotton replaced by potassium nitrate, and is in the form
-of flat strips. A sample had the composition&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">29·7</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Guncotton</td> <td class="tdr">63·1</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">1·9</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Mineral jelly</td> <td class="tdr">5·1</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Volatile matter</td> <td class="tdr">0·2</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above3">*<a name="poudre_b"></a><b>B.</b>&mdash;Poudre B is the French
-service propellant. It consists of nitrocotton gelatinised with
-ether-alcohol, in which it is partly soluble. A little diphenylamine
-is added to increase the stability. Formerly, various other additions
-have been made. A letter or letters are added to show the size of the
-powder and the purpose for which it is used&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="zero_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Poudre&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdl">BF for rifles (from <i>f</i>usil).</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdl">BNF a later powder for rifles (from <i>n</i>ouveau).</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdl">BC for field guns (from <i>c</i>ampagne).</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdl">BSP for siege howitzers (from <i>s</i>iège et <i>p</i>lace).</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdl">BGC for larger military guns (from <i>g</i>ros <i>c</i>alibre).</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdl">BM for naval ordnance (from <i>m</i>arine); a figure is added to show the size.</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span>
-Further letters and figures are added to show other particulars about
-the powder; D<sub>2</sub> means 2 per cent. of diphenylamine has been added
-as a stabiliser, or AM<sub>8</sub>, 8 per cent. of amyl alcohol. The place
-and date of manufacture are similarly indicated.</p>
-
-<p><b>BAELENITE.</b>&mdash;A Belgian mining explosive&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">I.</td> <td class="tdr">&ensp;&nbsp;II.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">85</td> <td class="tdr">95</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">15</td> <td class="tdr">5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Charge limite</td> <td class="tdr"><br />0</td> <td class="tdr"><br />75</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">It is authorised for manufacture in, or importation into the United Kingdom.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><a name="ballistite"></a>*<b>BALLISTITE.</b>&mdash;One of
-the first military smokeless powders, invented by Nobel. It consisted of about
-equal parts of nitroglycerine and soluble nitrocotton incorporated
-together under water, then passed repeatedly through rolls and cut
-into flakes. It was adopted by a number of Continental powers, but
-in consequence of the severe erosion of the guns which it caused,
-it has been modified or abandoned. The percentage of nitroglycerine
-is reduced, and consequently it is necessary to use a solvent such
-as acetone. A little mineral jelly or other stabiliser is sometimes added.</p>
-
-<p><b>BARATOL.</b>&mdash;A mixture of barium nitrate and trinitro-toluene.</p>
-
-<p><b>BARBARIT.</b>&mdash;A German chlorate explosive made at the
-Sprengstoff-fabriken Kriewald bei Gleinitz.</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Potassium chlorate</td> <td class="tdr">90-92</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">High-boiling petroleum&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">8-10</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">The petroleum has a flash point not below 105° C.,
-and commences to boil not below 242°.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span></p>
-
-<p class="no-indent">Gelatine-Barbarit has the composition&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Potassium chlorate</td> <td class="tdr">80</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">10</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Liquid mono- and dinitro-toluenes&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp; &emsp; }</td> <td rowspan="2" class="tdr">&ensp;&nbsp;10</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;&emsp;gelatinised with 5 per cent. collodion cotton}</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>BARKING POWDER.</b>&mdash;A mixture of
-ammonium perchlorate and nitrated naphthalene, formerly used in coal mines.</p>
-
-<p><b>BAUTZENER SICHERHEITSPULVER.</b>&mdash;A German coal-mine
-explosive containing not less than 70 per cent. of ammonium
-nitrate, barium nitrate, and not more than 15 per cent. of
-trinitro-toluene.</p>
-
-<p><b>BAVARIT.</b>&mdash;A German coal-mine explosive similar to
-<a href="#grisounite">Grisounite</a>. It contains 90 per cent. of ammonium
-nitrate together with nitrated naphthalene; charcoal may be added.</p>
-
-<p><a name="bellite"></a><b>BELLITE</b> is essentially a mixture of ammonium
-nitrate and metadinitro-benzene. It has been used extensively as a coal-mine
-explosive, and was patented by C. Lamm of Stockholm in 1885. Two
-varieties passed the Woolwich Test and were on the old Permitted
-List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&ensp;&nbsp;No. 1.</td> <td class="tdr">&ensp;&nbsp;No. 3.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">83·5&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">93·5&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dinitro-benzene</td> <td class="tdr">16·5&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">6·5&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">No. 1 contains just enough oxygen for complete combustion, and No.
-3 contains a large excess of oxygen. To enable the explosive to
-pass the Rotherham Test sodium chloride has been added. There were
-four varieties on the present Permitted List, but all except the
-following, No. 1, have been repealed&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">No. 1.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">3-2-16</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">63·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dinitro-benzene</td> <td class="tdr">15&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">16·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Starch</td> <td class="tdr">5&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />20&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·74</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span>
-<b>BENTAL COAL POWDER.</b>&mdash;An American coal-mine explosive on the
-Permissible List. It is an ammonium nitrate explosive.</p>
-
-<p><b>BITUMINITE.</b>&mdash;There are several coal-mine explosives of this
-name on the American Permissible List. Nos. 1, 3, 4 and 8 L.F. are
-nitroglycerine explosives. No. 5 is an ammonium nitrate explosive.</p>
-
-<p><b>BLACK DIAMOND.</b>&mdash;There are several coal-mine explosives of this
-name on the American Permissible List. Nos. 2<span class="smcap">A</span>, 3<span class="smcap">A</span>
-and 6 L.F. are nitroglycerine explosives, whereas Nos. 5, 7 and 8 are
-ammonium nitrate explosives.</p>
-
-<p><a name="blackpowder"></a><b>BLACK POWDER</b> is a name for ordinary gunpowder,
-a mixture of potassium nitrate, sulphur and charcoal.</p>
-
-<p><b>BLASTINE</b> is a high explosive having approximately the
-composition&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium perchlorate&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">60</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">23</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">11</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Paraffin wax</td> <td class="tdr">6</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">As the sodium nitrate in the above is not
-equivalent to the ammonium perchlorate, part of the chlorine is given
-off in the form of the poisonous gas, hydrogen chloride (hydrochloric
-acid).</p>
-
-<p><a name="blastinggelatine"></a><b>BLASTING GELATINE.</b>&mdash;Nitroglycerine, stiffened by
-having collodion cotton dissolved in it. Discovered by Nobel in 1875.
-It contains about&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">93</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">7</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span>
-and also often a fraction of a percentage of calcium or magnesium
-carbonate to increase its stability. This is the most powerful of all
-the explosives in common use.</p>
-
-<p><a name="bobbinite"></a><b>BOBBINITE.</b>&mdash;The only explosive of the gunpowder
-class the use of which is permitted in coal mines in England. In most foreign
-countries explosives of this class are not allowed to be used in them
-at all. The permission is only temporary, but has been extended to
-the end of 1920, and is restricted to mines that are not gassy or
-dangerous from coal dust. There are two definitions, but the second
-is the one that is generally manufactured apparently&mdash;</p>
-
-<table border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">First.</td> <td class="tdr">&ensp;&nbsp;Second.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">63·5</td> <td class="tdr">65&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Charcoal</td> <td class="tdr">18·5</td> <td class="tdr">20&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sulphur</td> <td class="tdr">2&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sulphates of ammonium and copper&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">15&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Rice or maize starch</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">9&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Paraffin wax</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">3&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Moisture</td> <td class="tdr">1&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">1&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">More than a million pounds of this explosive are used in
-coal mines every year. It shatters the coal less than high explosives do.</p>
-
-<p><b>BOMLIT.</b>&mdash;A German potassium perchlorate blasting explosive
-made by Wolff et Cie. at Walsrode. It contains also ammonium nitrate,
-trinitro-toluene and guncotton. Other ingredients that may be present
-are potassium and sodium nitrates, starch meal, vaseline, naphthalene
-and other hydrocarbons, charcoal and castor oil.</p>
-
-<p><a name="britonite"></a><b>BRITONITE.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive
-of the <a href="#carbonite">Carbonite</a> type, made
-by the British Explosives Syndicate, Ltd., Pitsea. The original
-composition passed the Woolwich Test and was on the list of Permitted
-Explosives, but on the introduction of the Rotherham Test it became
-necessary to add ammonium oxalate or sodium chloride. Nos. 2 and 3
-were on the Permitted List, but have now been repealed.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span></p>
-
-<table border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">No. 2.</td> <td class="tdr">No. 3.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&ensp;&nbsp;1-9-13</td> <td class="tdr">&ensp;&nbsp;28-1-15</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">26&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">24</td> <td class="tdr">24·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">28&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">32·7</td> <td class="tdr">30</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">41&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">38</td> <td class="tdr">35·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium carbonate</td> <td class="tdr">0·3</td> <td class="tdr"></td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">8</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">12&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr"><br />24</td> <td class="tdr"><br />24 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">2·26</td> <td class="tdr">2·17”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above2"><b>BROWN POWDER.</b> See <a href="#cocoapowder"><b>COCOA POWDER</b></a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>BRUGÈRE’S POWDER</b> consisted of&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium picrate&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">54</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">46</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">It was stated to give good results in the
-Chassepôt rifle, but picrate mixtures are liable to detonate, and are
-therefore dangerous to use as propellants.</p>
-
-<p><b>BULL DOG</b> Gunpowder Pellets were used in coal mines. They
-contained the same constituents as <a href="#bobbinite">Bobbinite</a>,
-which superseded them, but in different proportions.</p>
-
-<p>Explosifs &nbsp;<big><b>C</b></big>&nbsp; were mixtures of ammonium cresylate
-with ammonium or sodium nitrate. They were made in France at one time, but
-their manufacture was dropped, as they were more expensive to make
-than <a href="#grisounite">Grisounite</a>, and no more powerful.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above2"><a name="cahuecit"><b>CAHUECIT</b></a>.&mdash;This was
-invented in the ’seventies of the last century by R. Cahuc, and was manufactured
-at Dartford in Kent under the name of <a href="#safetypowder">Safety Blasting Powder</a>
-or <a href="#carboazotine">Carboazotine</a>. It is still made in Germany.
-The ingredients are&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&ensp;&nbsp;English.</td> <td class="tdr">&ensp;&nbsp;German.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">64&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">70&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sulphur flowers</td> <td class="tdr">12&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">12&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Lampblack or soot</td> <td class="tdr">7&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">8&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Bark or wood pulp</td> <td class="tdr">17&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">10&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span>
-to which are added a few per cent. of sulphate of iron. The
-incorporation is carried out with the assistance of a considerable
-quantity of water, which is afterwards evaporated off. The mixing
-is not very thorough. The explosive is a comparatively mild one,
-but is used sometimes for blasting basalt. In the German explosive
-the potassium nitrate may be replaced by the corresponding sodium
-salt.</p>
-
-<p><b>AMMONCAHUECIT.</b>&mdash;In this explosive the potassium
-nitrate is replaced mainly or wholly by ammonium nitrate, and
-it contains not more than 15 per cent. of trinitro-toluene or
-trinitro-naphthalene or other nitro-body.</p>
-
-<p>The brand labelled “Fram” contains ammonium nitrate, not more
-than 25 per cent. of trinitro-toluene gelatinised with 4 per cent.
-collodion cotton, wood meal or other vegetable meal and neutral
-stable salts. The brand “Indra” is similar, except that it contains
-also not more than 10 per cent. potassium nitrate, and the percentage
-of trinitro-toluene may be raised to 20.</p>
-
-<p><a name="cambrite"></a><b>CAMBRITE</b> is a coal-mine explosive
-of the <a href="#carbonite">Carbonite</a> type
-made by Nobels at Ardeer. It consists practically of Nobel Carbonite,
-to which 8 per cent. of a cooling agent has been added. Unlike most
-of the explosives on the old Permitted List, it passed the Rotherham
-Test with practically no alteration&mdash;</p>
-
-<table border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr><td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">Cambrite.</td> <td class="tdr">No. 2.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">1-9-13</td> <td class="tdr">&ensp;&nbsp;1-4-15</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">23&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">23&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Barium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">4&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">4&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">27·5</td> <td class="tdr">27·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">37·2</td> <td class="tdr">37&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Calcium carbonate</td> <td class="tdr">0·3</td> <td class="tdr">0·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate</td> <td class="tdr">8&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">8&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td><td class="tdr"><br />30&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr"><br />24 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">1·98</td> <td class="tdr">2·00”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">Only No. 2 is now on the Permitted List.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span></p>
-
-<p><b>CAMERON MINE POWDER.</b>&mdash;There are a number of coal-mine
-explosives of this name on the American Permissible List.
-Nos. 1<span class="smcap">a</span>, 2<span class="smcap">a</span> and
-2<span class="smcap">a</span> LF are ammonium nitrate explosives,
-whereas Nos. 3<span class="smcap">a</span> and 5<span class="smcap">a</span>
-are nitroglycerine explosives.</p>
-
-<p><b>*CANNONITE</b> was a smokeless powder made by a firm called
-the War and Sporting Smokeless Powder Syndicate, Ltd. It consisted
-of about 86 per cent. of nitrocellulose mostly insoluble in
-ether-alcohol, and a few per cent. of barium nitrate, together
-with small quantities of some of the following: potassium nitrate,
-charcoal, lampblack, vaseline, rosin, stearine, dinitro-benzene,
-trinitro-toluene, potassium ferro-cyanide, graphite. For shot-guns
-the powder was of the forty-two grain type, dense and gelatinised.
-The rifle powder was colloidal. These powders were made in the
-’nineties of the last century.</p>
-
-<p><b>CARBITE D’ABLON</b> is a sort of <a href="#carbonite">Carbonite</a> made in France&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">26</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">33</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal or flour&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">41</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><a name="carboazotine"></a><b>CARBOAZOTINE.</b>
-See <a href="#cahuecit"><b>CAHUECIT</b></a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>CARBO-DYNAMITE</b> was an explosive patented by W. D. Borland.
-It differed from ordinary dynamite in that the nitroglycerine was
-absorbed in cork charcoal instead of kieselguhr. One part of the
-charcoal sufficed to absorb nine parts of nitroglycerine.</p>
-
-<p><a name="carbonite"><b>CARBONITE</b></a> (or Karbonit) was one of the earliest
-and one of the most successful coal-mine explosives. It was first made by
-Bichel and Schmidt at Schlebusch in Germany in 1885, and after some
-modifications gave satisfactory results at the Neunkirchen testing
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span>
-station in 1887. It contains about 26 per cent. of nitroglycerine,
-33 per cent. of a nitrate, and 40 per cent. of wood meal or starch
-flour, and small quantities of other substances. Nobel Carbonite
-passed the Woolwich Test and had the composition&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">26&ensp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Barium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">4&ensp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">29&ensp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">40·5&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">“Sulphuretted benzol”</td> <td class="tdr">0·25</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium and calcium carbonates&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">0·25</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">The Carbonite made at the works of the
-Carbonite Syndicate at Schlebusch, and imported into Great Britain,
-was practically the same as this, but they also made another
-explosive which passed the Woolwich Test, and contained 35 per
-cent. of nitroglycerine gelatinised with nitrocotton, and smaller
-proportions of nitrates and wood meal than are given above: this
-was called Extra-Carbonite. They have also made explosives to
-numerous modifications of this formula for use on the Continent. The
-essential feature of all of them is that they contain so much of the
-combustible constituents, such as wood meal, that most of the carbon
-appears in the products of explosion as carbon monoxide, and the
-temperature of the gases is consequently low.</p>
-
-<p>Nobels at Ardeer also made a low freezing explosive in which part
-of the nitroglycerine was replaced by a nitro-compound. This was
-called Arctic Carbonite&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">15·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitro-hydrocarbon</td> <td class="tdr">10·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">42&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">31·7</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Calcium carbonate&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">0·3</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p>Various manufacturers have made explosives of the type of
-Carbonite and placed them on the market under different names,
-such as <a href="#tutol">Tutol</a>, <a href="#kolax">Kolax</a>,
-<a href="#carbonite">Kohlen-Carbonite</a>, <a href="#minite">Minite</a>
-and Colinite.
-These, however, do not pass the Rotherham Test
-for Permitted Explosives, unless ammonium oxalate
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span>
-or other cooling agent be added, as in the case of <a href="#cambrite">Cambrite</a>,
-<a href="#superkolax">Super-Kolax</a> and <a href="#britonite">Britonite No. 2</a>.</p>
-
-<p>On the Continent, explosives similar to Arctic Carbonite have been
-produced under the names <a href="#surete">Antigel de Sûreté</a>
-and <a href="#ingelite">Ingélite</a>.</p>
-
-<p>There are several Carbonites on the American Permissible List.
-Of these Nos. 1 to 4 are in order of diminishing violence: Nos. 5
-and 6 are low freezing varieties. There are also a number of other
-explosives of the Carbonite type on the List.</p>
-
-<p>Ammonkarbonit is a German coal-mine explosive, containing about
-80 per cent. of ammonium nitrate and 4 per cent. of blasting
-gelatine, together with 5 or 10 per cent. of potassium nitrate, and a
-combustible such as flour, starch or coal dust. Sodium or potassium
-chloride may be added as a cooling agent. It has been used for
-blasting clay.</p>
-
-<p>Gelatine-Karbonit is a Carbonite containing ammonium nitrate,
-and a considerable proportion of nitroglycerine gelatinised with
-collodion cotton.</p>
-
-<p>Halokarbonit is similar to Ammonkarbonit, except that a
-considerable proportion of the ammonium nitrate is replaced by other
-nitrates.</p>
-
-<p><b>CARLSONITE</b> was the first ammonium perchlorate explosive
-submitted to H.M. Inspectors of Explosives. It was proposed in 1898
-by Carlson of Stockholm, and some of the mixtures were reported on
-favourably, but no licence was ever taken out in the United Kingdom
-for this explosive.</p>
-
-<p><b>C.E.</b> (Composition Exploding) is the same as <a href="#tetryl">Tetryl</a>.</p>
-
-<p><a name="celtite"></a><b>CELTITE</b> was a coal-mine explosive made by
-Dr. R. Nahnsen &amp; Co., Hamburg, and formerly permitted for use in British
-coal mines, having passed the Woolwich Test.</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">57</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitrocotton</td> <td class="tdr">3</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">19</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">9</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">12</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">It was also called Zeltit.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span></p>
-
-<p><b>*CENTRALITE</b> is not an explosive, but is a name given
-to a substance which has been used to modify the surface of
-smokeless powder, and make it burn progressively. The substance is
-dimethyl-diphenyl-urea. (See Brit. Pat. 29,882 of 1909.) It acts also
-as a stabiliser.</p>
-
-<p><a name="cheddite"></a><b>CHEDDITE</b> is a chlorate explosive which has been
-rendered less sensitive by having the particles of chlorate coated with castor oil
-or paraffin wax. It is manufactured by the French Government at the
-Vonges Powder Works, and has also been made in other countries. The
-two types that have been most used in France are&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">O2 or No. 4.</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;O5 or No. 1.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium chlorate</td> <td class="tdc">79</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chlorate</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdc">79</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Castor oil</td> <td class="tdc">&nbsp;&nbsp;5</td> <td class="tdc">&nbsp;&nbsp;5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Mononitro-naphthalene</td> <td class="tdc">&nbsp;&nbsp;1</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdc">15</td> <td class="tdc">16</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p><b>*CHEESA STICKS</b> are sticks of <a href="#cordite">cordite</a> coated with powdered
-ammonium oxalate and shellac. They are used in South Africa as
-fuses for blasting charges. They are authorised in England only for
-manufacture and immediate export.</p>
-
-<p><b>*CHILWORTH SMOKELESS POWDER.</b> See <a href="#csp"><b>C.S.P.</b></a></p>
-
-<p><b>*CHILWORTH SPECIAL POWDER.</b> See <a href="#amidepowder"><b>AMIDE POWDER</b></a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>CHLORATIT</b> is an Austrian explosive, which was permitted for
-use in coal mines during the War.</p>
-
-<p><b>CHLORATZIT.</b>&mdash;A German explosive containing potassium
-chlorate or perchlorate, aromatic nitro-bodies, resins and
-carbohydrates. For use in coal mines neutral salts are added as cooling
-agents, and the name then has <b>WETTER</b> or <b>KOHLEN</b> prefixed to it.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span>
-<b>CHROMAMONIT</b> was a coal-mine explosive formerly made in Germany&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">63·25</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">17·5&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">9·25</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Chromium ammonium alum&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">9·5&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Vaseline</td> <td class="tdr">0·5&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>*CLERMONITE.</b>&mdash;A Belgian shot-gun
-powder made by the Cooppal Co. It is a 40-grain fibrous powder of the
-bulk type and coloured green.</p>
-
-<p><a name="cliffite"></a><b>CLIFFITE</b> was a coal-mine explosive made
-by Curtis’s and Harvey, and formerly on the Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">47</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">3</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Starch</td> <td class="tdr">50</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>SUPER-CLIFFITE</b> differs considerably from this. There
-are two formulæ which have passed the Rotherham Test, but only No. 2 is still
-on the Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr> <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">No. 1.</td> <td class="tdr">No. 2.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">21-9-16</td> <td class="tdr">&ensp;&nbsp;21-9-16</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">9·5</td> <td class="tdr">9·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">0·5</td> <td class="tdr">0·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">59&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">59·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">6&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">6&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">15&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">19·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate</td> <td class="tdr">10&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">5&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />26</td> <td class="tdr"><br />30 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·53</td> <td class="tdr">2·53”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>CLYDITE</b> was a coal-mine explosive
-formerly made by Nobels at Ardeer. It was similar to Nobel Carbonite,
-but the potassium nitrate was replaced by the barium salt, and it
-might contain up to 8 per cent. of ammonium oxalate.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span></p>
-
-<p><b>COALITE.</b>&mdash;There is a series of coal-mine explosives of this
-name on the American Permissible List. Varieties X, 3X, and 3XC
-are ammonium nitrate explosives; whereas 1, 2D, 2DL and 2MLF are
-nitroglycerine explosives.</p>
-
-<p><b>COAL SPECIAL</b> are American coal-mine explosives on the
-Permissible List. They are all nitroglycerine explosives.</p>
-
-<p><a name="cocoapowder"></a><b>COCOA POWDER</b> or Brown Powder was a variety
-of gunpowder made with a brown charcoal prepared from straw&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">79</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sulphur</td> <td class="tdr">3</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Straw charcoal</td> <td class="tdr">18</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">It was compressed to a density of 1·8 into
-prisms or grains of considerable size, and was used in guns of large
-calibre. E.X.E. and S.B.C. were special varieties of this.</p>
-
-<p><a name="colinit"></a><b>COLINIT ANTIGRISOUTEUSE.</b>&mdash;A Belgian coal-mine
-explosive of the <a href="#carbonite">Carbonite</a> type. The ordinary formula is practically
-the same as that of Kohlencarbonite and Minerite. Type B consists of&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Blasting gelatine</td> <td class="tdr">26</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium perchlorate</td> <td class="tdr">6</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">20</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">12</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Rye flour and cellulose&ensp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">29</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Magnesium sulphate</td> <td class="tdr">7</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>COLLIER POWDER.</b>&mdash;There are a number of coal-mine
-explosives of this name on the American Permissible List. Varieties BNF, KN,
-X, XLF, 5, 5LF, 5 Special, 9, 11, and 11LF are ammonium nitrate
-explosives whereas 2 and 6LF are nitroglycerine explosives.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span></p>
-
-<p><b>COLLODION COTTON</b> is a variety of nitrocotton of low nitration,
-almost completely soluble in a mixture of ether and alcohol. It
-contains not more than 12·3 per cent. of nitrogen. It also dissolves
-in nitroglycerine and liquid nitro-compounds, rendering them
-gelatinous and so preventing their exudation.</p>
-
-<p><b>*COOPPAL’S POWDER.</b>&mdash;A Belgian smokeless shot-gun powder.
-Formerly it was much the same as <a href="#schultzepowder">Schultze Powder</a>,
-consisting of nitrolignin carefully purified, and mixed with nitrates with or
-without the addition of starch. The following analyses were published
-in “Arms and Explosives” for July 1917&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">No. 1.<br />1892.<br />Fibrous<br />42-grain<br />bulk.</td>
- <td class="tdc">No. 2.<br />1900.<br />&emsp;&nbsp;Gelatinised<br />30-grain<br />dense.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitrocellulose, insoluble</td> <td class="tdr">13·0</td> <td class="tdr">71·1&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdr"> ”&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&nbsp;soluble</td> <td class="tdr">60·5</td> <td class="tdr">20·1&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Metallic nitrates</td> <td class="tdr">21·3</td> <td class="tdr">2·0&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Shellac</td> <td class="tdr">3·2</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&emsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitro-hydrocarbons</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">5·5&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Moisture</td> <td class="tdr">2·0</td> <td class="tdr">1·3&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><a name="cordite"></a><b>CORDITE</b> is the principal
-smokeless powder of the British Services. It was originally adopted in 1888,
-and is made by mixing nitroglycerine with guncotton and mineral jelly
-(a sort of crude vaseline), and incorporating them together with the
-aid of acetone, which gelatinises the guncotton. In consequence of
-the severe erosion of the guns experienced during the South African
-War the proportions were altered, some of the nitroglycerine being
-replaced by guncotton. The propellant thus “modified” is called
-Cordite M.D., whereas that of the original composition
-is Cordite Mk.I. Both are still in use, especially M.D.&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">Mk. I.</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;M.D.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Guncotton</td> <td class="tdc">37</td> <td class="tdc">65</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">58</td> <td class="tdc">30</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Mineral jelly</td> <td class="tdc">&nbsp;5</td> <td class="tdc">&nbsp;5</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">During the great European War a further variety was
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span>
-introduced to extend the basis of supply of solvents. This is called
-Cordite R.D.B. (Research Department B), and contains a nitrocotton
-of comparatively low nitration that can be gelatinised by means of a
-mixture of ether and alcohol&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitrocotton</td> <td class="tdr">52</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">42</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Mineral jelly</td> <td class="tdr">6</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">It is designed to give about the same ballistics
-as Cordite M.D. A further letter is sometimes added to show the form
-of the powder. Thus Cordite M.D.T. is M.D. pressed into tubes; S.
-stands for strip. The size is indicated by a numeral, which shows the
-diameter in hundredths of an inch of the die through which it has
-been pressed. In the case of tubular powder both the external and
-internal diameters are given approximately: <i>e. g.</i> Cordite M.D.T. 5-2.</p>
-
-<p>Poudre blanche <b>CORNIL</b>.&mdash;A Belgian coal-mine
-explosive containing ammonium nitrate, potassium or sodium nitrate,
-dinitro-naphthalene and lead chromate, with or without the addition
-of ammonium chloride.</p>
-
-<p><b>CORNISH POWDER.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive which passed
-the Woolwich Test and was formerly on the Permitted List, made by the
-National Explosives Co., Ltd.&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">55</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitrocotton</td> <td class="tdr">3</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">18</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">7</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Magnesium sulphate&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">17</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><a name="coronite"></a><b>CORONITE</b> was a coal-mine explosive of
-the <a href="#carbonite">Carbonite</a> type, which was on the Permitted List at one time. It
-had also been called Permittite.</p>
-
-<p>Picric acid has been called by this name in Sweden.</p>
-
-<p>See also <a href="#koronit"><b>KORONIT</b></a>.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>COSILIT.</b>&mdash;A German coal-mine
-explosive of the <a href="#carbonite">Carbonite</a> type made by Nahnsen. A published analysis
-gives its composition as&mdash;
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span></p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">30&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">22·3</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Vegetable meal</td> <td class="tdr">40·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">7·2</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>COTTON POWDER.</b> See <a href="#tonite"><b>TONITE</b></a>, also <a href="#cp"><b>CP</b></a>.</p>
-
-<p><a name="cp"></a><b>CP<sub>1</sub></b> and <b>CP<sub>2</sub></b> are varieties
-of nitrocotton (Coton Poudre) made in France, principally for the
-manufacture of <a href="#poudre_b">Poudre B</a> and other smokeless powders.
-CP<sub>1</sub> is a guncotton containing about 13 per cent. of nitrogen, and only
-about 10 per cent. of matter soluble in ether-alcohol. CP<sub>2</sub>
-is almost completely soluble in ether-alcohol, and contains about 12
-per cent. of nitrogen.</p>
-
-<p><b>CRÉSYLITE.</b>&mdash;A French high explosive used for filling
-shell and other military purposes. Crésylite 60/40 consists of picric
-acid and nitrated cresol in about the proportions of 40 of the former
-to 60 of the latter. It melts below the temperature of boiling water.
-The nitrated cresol consists largely of trinitro-metacresol.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Crésylite No. 2 is simply crude trinitro-meta-cresol.</p>
-
-<p><b>CRONITE</b> is an American coal-mine explosive. There are two
-varieties on the Permissible List, Nos. 1 and 5, both of which are
-ammonium nitrate explosives.</p>
-
-<p><b>*CRYSTAL</b> is a smokeless shot-gun powder made by Curtis’s
-and Harvey. It is a non-solvent powder for cheap loading, and the
-charge is thirty-three grains.</p>
-
-<p><a name="csp"></a><b>C.S.P.<sup>2</sup></b> (Chilworth Smokeless Powder, No. 2) is a
-modification of <a href="#cordite">Cordite</a>, containing a little sodium bicarbonate
-as a stabiliser. It is stated to have been adopted by the Brazilian navy
-(see “Engineering” for August 18, 1911, p. 237) and other powers.</p>
-
-<p><b>CUGNITE.</b>&mdash;A French blasting explosive manufactured by
-the Société Française des Explosifs&mdash;
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span></p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">27&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitrocotton</td> <td class="tdr">0·7</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">30&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">30&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">11&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Barium sulphate</td> <td class="tdr">1·3</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><a name="curtisite"></a><b>CURTISITE.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine
-explosive of the <a href="#grisounite">Grisounite</a> class made by Curtis’s and Harvey.
-It was formerly on the Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">88</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">8</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Mononitro-naphthalene&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">4</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>SUPER-CURTISITE</b> was a modification of
-the above to enable it to pass the Rotherham Test&mdash;</p>
-
-<table border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">7-4-14</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">38·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">29·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">10&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium chloride&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">22&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />16 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·71”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">The permit has been repealed.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>DAHMENITE</b> is an ammonium nitrate explosive which has been used
-to a considerable extent in Germany. One variety known as Dahmenite
-A, made by De Gezamenlijke Buskruidmakers van Noord-Holland, was
-formerly on the British Permitted List for use in dangerous coal
-mines&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">92·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Naphthalene</td> <td class="tdr">5·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium bichromate&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">Ordinary Dahmenite contains up to 15 per cent.
-of potassium nitrate instead of bichromate, and has been used
-for blasting clay. Some varieties contain curcuma meal and other
-constituents. The following are some examples&mdash;
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span></p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&ensp;&nbsp;Gesteins-<br />Dahmenit.</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;No. 76.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">84·5</td> <td class="tdr">71·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium bichromate&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·5</td> <td class="tdr">0·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Curcuma meal</td> <td class="tdr">12&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">6·25</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dinitro-benzene</td> <td class="tdr">1&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">12&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">9·75</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">Gelatine<br />&ensp;&nbsp;Dahmenit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">82&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">5·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">2&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dinitro-glycerine</td> <td class="tdr">27·4</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitrocotton</td> <td class="tdr">0·6</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Naphthalene</td> <td class="tdr">0·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">4·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Alkali chloride</td> <td class="tdr">27·5</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl"><br /></td> <td colspan="2" class="tdc"><br />Neu-Dahmenit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td colspan="2" class="tdr">B&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">68&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">65&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">2&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Vegetable meal</td> <td class="tdr">2·5</td> <td class="tdr">0·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Coke</td> <td class="tdr">2&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">7&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">10&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">8&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Alkali chloride</td> <td class="tdr">15·5</td> <td class="tdr">17·5</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>DENABY POWDER.</b>&mdash;There was
-formerly a blasting explosive of this name, consisting of a
-compressed mixture of <a href="#securite">Securite</a> and charcoal&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Potassium and barium nitrates&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">73·2</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dinitro-benzene</td> <td class="tdr">21·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitrocotton and charcoal</td> <td class="tdr">5·1</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Moisture</td> <td class="tdr">0·2</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">In 1914 a coal-mine explosive was introduced under
-the same name and passed the Rotherham Test&mdash;</p>
-
-<table border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">13-5-14</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">34&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">33·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">13&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">19·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />18 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·74”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">It is made by British Westfalite, Ltd.</p>
-
-<p><a name="densite"></a><b>DENSITE.</b>&mdash;A Belgian blasting explosive containing
-one or more of the following nitrates: ammonium, strontium, sodium, potassium;
-also trinitro-toluene, and sometimes dinitro-toluene and ammonium
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span>
-chloride. This explosive is practically the same as <a href="#nitralite">Nitralite</a>.
-Varieties have been made for use in coal mines.<br />
-&emsp;See also <a href="#nitrodensite">Nitro-densite</a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>DETONIT V.</b>&mdash;A German coal-mine explosive containing ammonium
-nitrate, charcoal, vegetable meal, neutral salts, and not more than 4
-per cent. of <a href="#blastinggelatine">blasting gelatine</a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>DETONITE SPECIAL</b> is an American coal-mine explosive on the
-Permissible List. It contains ammonium nitrate.</p>
-
-<p><b>DOMINITE.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive made by the Westphalia Anhalt
-Explosives Co. in Germany, and formerly on the British Permitted
-List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">59·3</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitrocotton</td> <td class="tdr">4&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Paraffin oil</td> <td class="tdr">0·7</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">8·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">18·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">4&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">5&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>DOMINIT XI.</b>&mdash;A German blasting explosive
-containing ammonium nitrate, dinitro-toluene, glycerine, and not more than
-4 per cent. of <a href="#blastinggelatine">blasting gelatine</a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>DOMINIT XVIII</b>, which has been introduced recently, contains up
-to 10 per cent. of potassium perchlorate, and is practically the same
-as <a href="#astralit">Astralit V</a>.</p>
-
-<p><a name="donarit"></a><b>DONARIT</b> is a German blasting explosive of the
-<a href="#grisoutine">Grisoutine</a> type made by the Carbonite Co. of Hamburg.
-As a standard for the sensitiveness of ammonium nitrate explosives, the Imperial
-German Railway Commission use Donarit of the composition&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">80</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">12</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Rye flour</td> <td class="tdr">4</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">4</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span>
-and this may be taken as the usual composition of the explosive, but
-the nitroglycerine is sometimes gelatinised with collodion cotton.</p>
-
-<p><b>DONARIT A</b> contains up to 16 per cent. of aluminium powder and
-no nitroglycerine.</p>
-
-<p><b>DONARIT V</b>, which has been introduced recently, contains up to
-10 per cent. of potassium perchlorate, and is practically the same as <a href="#astralit">Astralit V</a>.</p>
-
-<p>Wetter-Donarit contains also sodium chloride or other cooling agent.</p>
-
-<p>Gelatine-Donarit contains up to 20 per cent. of dinitro-chlorhydrin
-gelatinised with collodion cotton, in addition to the constituents of
-<a href="#donarit">Donarit</a>, and may also contain sodium nitrate.</p>
-
-<p> <a name="dorfit"></a><b>DORFIT</b> is a German coal-mine explosive made by the
-firm of Allendorf&mdash;</p>
-
-<table border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;I.</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;II.</td> <td class="tdr">&ensp;&nbsp;Gesteins.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">65</td> <td class="tdr">61</td> <td class="tdr">66&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">5</td> <td class="tdr">5</td> <td class="tdr">5&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">6</td> <td class="tdr">15</td> <td class="tdr">15&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Flour</td> <td class="tdr">4</td> <td class="tdr">4</td> <td class="tdr">4&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">20</td> <td class="tdr">15</td> <td class="tdr">10&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p><b>ALDORFIT</b> is a simpler mixture intended for use where there is no danger of fire-damp&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&emsp;&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">81</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">17</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Flour</td> <td class="tdr">2</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">It is authorised in Great Britain.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>PERDORFIT</b> contains not more than 52
-per cent. of potassium perchlorate, sodium and ammonium nitrates,
-not more than 29 per cent. of trinitro-toluene and vegetable meal or gums.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above2"><b>DRAGONITE.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive made by
-Curtis’s and Harvey, formerly on the Permitted List&mdash;
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span></p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">35·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitrocotton</td> <td class="tdr">2·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">44·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Vaseline</td> <td class="tdr">5·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal and charcoal&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">12&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>DREADNOUGHT POWDER.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive made
-by Roburite and Ammonal, Ltd., for a time on the Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">1-9-13</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">75·4</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">4&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium chloride&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">5&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">15·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Red oil</td> <td class="tdr">0·1</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />32 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·05”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">There is also Quarry Dreadnought Powder,
-which is not a permitted explosive.</p>
-
-<p><b>DUNNITE.</b>&mdash;A high explosive used by the United States for
-filling shell. It is stated to give dangerous compounds with iron, so
-apparently is a compound of picric acid.</p>
-
-<p><b>DU PONT PERMISSIBLE.</b>&mdash;An American coal-mine explosive.
-The following is on the British Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">No. 1.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">26-4-16</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">9·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">67·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood pulp</td> <td class="tdr">8&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">15&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />18 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·82”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>*DU PONT SMOKELESS POWDER.</b>&mdash;An American shot-gun
-powder of the fibrous 36-grain bulk type&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Soluble nitro-cellulose&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">95·8</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Metallic nitrates</td> <td class="tdr">2·2</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"></td> <td class="tdr"></td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Moisture</td> <td class="tdr">2·0</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span>
-<b>DUXITE.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive made by the Westphalia Anhalt
-Explosives Co. It passed the Rotherham Test, and was for a time on
-the British Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">32</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitrocotton</td> <td class="tdr">1</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">28</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">10</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">29</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />12 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·45”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">Sicherheits Gallerte-<b>DYNAMIT</b>.&mdash;A German coal-mine explosive&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">32·25</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">1·25</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">22·6</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">10·8</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Vegetable meal</td> <td class="tdr">18&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium chloride&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">5·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Gelatine</td> <td class="tdr">1·05</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dextrin</td> <td class="tdr">1·05</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Glycerine</td> <td class="tdr">4·3</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Moisture</td> <td class="tdr">3·2</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />50 g.</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">Wettersicheres Gelatine-<b>DYNAMIT</b>.&mdash;A German coal-mine explosive&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">I.&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&emsp;&nbsp;I<i>a</i>.&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">40&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">38&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">1&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">1&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">27&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">25·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">4&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">5&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Rye flour</td> <td class="tdr">10&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">4&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Liquid hydrocarbons&emsp;&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">3·5</td> <td class="tdr">14&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Fatty acid salt</td> <td class="tdr">12·5</td> <td class="tdr">10&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">2&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />50&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr"><br />100 g.</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span>
-<b>DYNAMITE</b> is a name that has been given to various
-nitroglycerine explosives. Dynamite No. 1 consists of&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">75</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Kieselguhr</td> <td class="tdr">25</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">the explosive being held in the pores of the kieselguhr.
-In other dynamites the nitroglycerine is absorbed in a material like wood
-meal, and a nitrate is added to oxidise the latter on explosion.</p>
-
-<p>In <a href="#gelatine">Gelatine Dynamite</a> the nitroglycerine is gelatinised with collodion
-cotton. See under <a href="#gelatine">Gelatine</a>.</p>
-
-<p>American Dynamites are not generally gelatinised with collodion
-cotton. They are made in a number of grades, depending on the
-percentage of nitroglycerine.</p>
-
-<p>For further details about various dynamites, see textbooks on explosives.</p>
-
-<p><b>DYNAMITE ANTIGRISOUTEUSE.</b>&mdash;Belgian coal-mine explosive made at
-Baelen Wezel&mdash;</p>
-
-<table border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdc">IV.</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">V.</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">24</td> <td class="tdl">&emsp;&nbsp;Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">44</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">1</td> <td class="tdl">&emsp;&nbsp;Sodium sulphate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">44</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">75</td> <td class="tdl">&emsp;&nbsp;Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">12</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">Of the above, IV. was found only to be safe in
-very small charges in the presence of fire-damp. No. V. has a “charge
-limite” of 700 grammes.</p>
-
-<p><a name="dynammon"></a><b>DYNAMMON.</b>&mdash;The coal-mine explosive
-provided by the Austrian State monopoly&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr"><br />&emsp;&nbsp;Dynammon.&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">Wetter-<br />Dynammon.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdc">87-88</td> <td class="tdc">94</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdc">2</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Red charcoal</td> <td class="tdc">12-13</td> <td class="tdc">4</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Density</td> <td class="tdc">0·9</td> <td class="tdc">0·85</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>DYNOBEL.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive made by Nobels. The
-first formula to pass the Rotherham Test contained potassium perchlorate&mdash;
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span></p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">1-9-13</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">33&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">0·7</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium perchlorate</td> <td class="tdr">27&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">10·3</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate</td> <td class="tdr">29&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />22 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·61”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">Subsequently other formulæ of somewhat different composition
-passed the test&mdash;</p>
-
-<table border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">No. 2.</td> <td class="tdr">No. 3.</td> <td class="tdr">No. 4.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">16-8-15</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;14-4-16</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;14-4-16</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">19·5</td> <td class="tdr">15&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">15&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">0·5</td> <td class="tdr">0·5</td> <td class="tdr">0·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene }</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&nbsp;Dinitro-toluene }&emsp;together</td> <td class="tdr">2&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">1·5</td> <td class="tdr">3&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dinitro-benzene }</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">42&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">52&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">46&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">5·5</td> <td class="tdr">5·5</td> <td class="tdr">5·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">30&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">25&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">29·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Magnesium carbonate</td> <td class="tdr">0·5</td> <td class="tdr">0·5</td> <td class="tdr">0·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />24&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr"><br />18&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr"><br />30 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·46</td> <td class="tdr">2·50</td> <td class="tdr">2·35”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">Of these only Nos. 3 and 4 are still permitted.</p>
-
-<p><b>*E.C. POWDER</b> was one of the first smokeless shot-gun powders,
-and is still one of the most successful. The composition has
-been varied somewhat from time to time, but it has always been a
-fibrous bulk powder. The following analyses were given in “Arms and
-Explosives,” 1917, p. 76&mdash;</p>
-
-<table border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">No. 1.</td> <td class="tdr">No. 2.</td> <td class="tdr">No. 3.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Introduction</i>&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">1882</td> <td class="tdr">1890</td> <td class="tdr">1897</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Class</i></td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&emsp;&nbsp;42-grain</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;42-grain</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;33-grain</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitrocotton,&emsp;insoluble</td> <td class="tdr">30·0</td> <td class="tdr">15·9</td> <td class="tdr">44·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdr">”&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&nbsp;soluble</td> <td class="tdr">28·2</td> <td class="tdr">41·0</td> <td class="tdr">30·4</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Metallic nitrates</td> <td class="tdr">37·8</td> <td class="tdr">38·3</td> <td class="tdr">14·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Resin</td> <td class="tdr">2·1</td> <td class="tdr">2·0</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Vaseline</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">6·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Camphor</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">1·0</td> <td class="tdr">4·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Moisture</td> <td class="tdr">1·9</td> <td class="tdr">1·8</td> <td class="tdr">1·6</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span>
-The powder is manufactured at Green Street Green, near Dartford in
-Kent. The name is derived from “Explosives Company.”</p>
-
-<p><b>ECHO</b> or <b>EKKO</b> is a blasting explosive made at
-Nitedal in Norway, consisting of ammonium nitrate, nitrocotton,
-trinitro-toluene, aluminium powder, and sometimes ferro-silicon. It
-has been used on the Continent for filling hand-grenades.</p>
-
-<p>*<b>ECONOMIC SMOKELESS SPORTING POWDER</b> is a 42-grain bulk powder
-for shot-guns, made by the E.C. Powder Company.</p>
-
-<p><b>ECRASITE</b> or <b>EKRASIT</b> is a high explosive used in Austria
-for filling shell and other military purposes. It is the ammonium
-salt of trinitro-cresol.</p>
-
-<p><b>ELECTRONITE.</b>&mdash;There have been several explosives of this name,
-but none of them have been used extensively, and all are dead now.
-There was a coal-mine explosive formerly on the Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">73</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Barium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">19</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Starch and slightly-charred wood meal&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">8</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">It was made by Curtis’s and Harvey.</p>
-
-<p><b>ELEY SMOKELESS SPORTING POWDER</b> is a shot-gun powder similar to <b>E.C.</b></p>
-
-<p>Ammon-<b>ELSAGIT</b> is a German coal-mine explosive. It contains
-ammonium nitrate, vegetable meal, not more than 6 per cent. of
-trinitro-toluene or other nitro-body, not more than 4 per cent. of
-<a href="#blastinggelatine">blasting gelatine</a>, and may also contain
-fatty oils, alkali chlorides or oxalate, and sodium or potassium nitrate.</p>
-
-<p>Gesteins-<b>ELSAGIT</b> has much the same composition, but the
-percentage of trinitro-toluene may be raised to 12, and it contains
-no sodium or potassium nitrate.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>*<b>EMPIRE POWDER</b> is a smokeless shot-gun powder introduced
-in 1902 by Nobel’s Explosives Company. It is a fibrous 33-grain
-bulk powder, and, according to an analysis published in “Arms and
-Explosives,” 1917, p. 77, its composition is&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitrocotton, insoluble</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;&emsp;48·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdr">”&emsp;&emsp;&emsp; soluble</td> <td class="tdr">34·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Metallic nitrates</td> <td class="tdr">9·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Vaseline</td> <td class="tdr">7·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Moisture</td> <td class="tdr">2·0</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>ERGITE.</b>&mdash;A blasting explosive
-which was made for a few years in a factory in North Wales. Other
-explosives were also made under the names of Granergite, Shattergite, etc.</p>
-
-<p><b>ERIN GELIGNITE.</b>&mdash;A <a href="#gelignite">Gelignite</a> containing a small percentage of
-dinitro-toluene to prevent the nitroglycerine freezing.</p>
-
-<p><b>ESSEX POWDER.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive made by the Explosives
-and Chemical Products, Ltd. It is on the Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">1-9-13</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">23&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitrocotton</td> <td class="tdr">1&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">34&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wheat flour</td> <td class="tdr">36&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">6&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />38 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·17”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>EUREKA No. 2</b> is an American coal-mine explosive
-on the Permissible List. It contains nitroglycerine and a hydrated salt.</p>
-
-<p><a name="excellite"></a><b>EXCELLITE.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive
-formerly on the Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">8&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">82·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">1&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">3&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">4·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Castor oil</td> <td class="tdr">1&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span>
-<a href="#superexcellite"><b>SUPER-EXCELLITE</b></a> is a modification of this, containing salts
-as cooling agents. Three formulæ passed the Rotherham Test&mdash;</p>
-
-<table border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td colspan="3" class="tdr">No. 2.</td> <td class="tdr">No. 3.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;1-9-13</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;7-4-14</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;22-6-14</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">4&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">5&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">9·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">0·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">75·5</td> <td class="tdr">50&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">59&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">7&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">20&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Starch</td> <td class="tdr">3·5</td> <td class="tdr">5&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">4·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Castor oil</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">1&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">5&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">15&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate</td> <td class="tdr">10&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">15&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">10·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />10&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr"><br />14&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr"><br />36 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·74</td> <td class="tdr">2·72</td> <td class="tdr">2·73”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">It will be seen that all three are about
-equal as regards power, but that No. 3, which contains the largest
-proportion of cooling agents and more nitroglycerine, can be used
-safely in much greater charges. In 1916 807,000 lbs. of No. 3
-were used in mines and quarries, principally in coal mines. It
-is recommended by the makers, Curtis’s and Harvey, for hard coal
-and colliery work generally. The permits of the others have been repealed.</p>
-
-<p><b>EXPEDITE</b> is a coal-mine explosive on the Permitted List made
-by Explosives and Chemical Products, Ltd.&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">25-11-13</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">35&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">33&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">12&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium chloride&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">20&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge more than</td> <td class="tdr"><br />32 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·62”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">See also <a href="#xpdite"><b>XPDITE</b></a>.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>EXPLOSIFS N</b>, <b>O</b>, etc. See under respective letters.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span></p>
-
-<p><b>EXTRA DYNAMITE</b> is a variety of American dynamite containing
-ammonium nitrate.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><a name="favershampowder"></a><b>FAVERSHAM POWDER</b> is a coal-mine
-explosive of the <a href="#grisounite">Grisounite</a> type made by the Cotton Powder
-Co. The mixture, which was on the old Permitted List, had the
-composition&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">90</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">10</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p>To make it pass the Rotherham Test, part of the ammonium nitrate was
-replaced by potassium nitrate, and ammonium chloride was added&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">No. 2.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">10-2-14</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">47·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">24&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium chloride&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">18·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">10&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />24 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·61”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">but this also has now been repealed.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><a name="favier"></a><b>FAVIER</b> explosives consist
-essentially of ammonium nitrate mixed with nitro-compounds. Favier took out
-patents in 1884 and 1885 for mixtures of ammonium nitrate with
-mononitro-naphthalene, paraffin and resin. Their manufacture was
-undertaken soon afterwards by the French Government, and is still
-continued under the names of Explosifs N, or Explosifs Favier or
-Grisounites. Their composition has been varied from time to time, but
-the following are those now authorised&mdash;</p>
-
-<table border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr class="tr_lt_grey">
- <th class="tdc">&nbsp;</th>
- <th colspan="2" class="tdc"><br />Grisou-<br />&nbsp;naphtalite-&nbsp;<br />couche.</th>
- <th colspan="2" class="tdc"><br />Grisou-<br />&nbsp;naphtalite-&nbsp;<br />roche</th>
- <th class="tdc"><br />Grisou-<br />&nbsp;tetrylite-&nbsp;<br />couche.</th>
- <th class="tdc">For mines<br />free from<br />&nbsp;fire-damp,&nbsp;<br />etc.</th>
- </tr><tr class="tr_grey">
- <td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td>
- <td colspan="2" class="tdr">&nbsp;N<sub>1</sub>a.&emsp;&emsp;N<sub>4&nbsp;&nbsp;</sub>.</td>
- <td colspan="2" class="tdl">&ensp;N<sub>1</sub>b.</td>
- <td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">N<sub>1</sub>c.</td>
- </tr><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td>
- <td class="tdl">&ensp;95</td> <td class="tdr">90&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">91·5</td>
- <td class="tdr">86·5</td> <td class="tdc">88</td> <td class="tdc">87·4</td>
- </tr><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td>
- <td class="tdl">&ensp;&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">5&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td>
- <td class="tdr">5&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">5</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td>
- </tr><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Dinitro-naphthane</td>
- <td class="tdl">&ensp;&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">8·5</td>
- <td class="tdr">8·5</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdc">12·6</td>
- </tr><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Trinitro-naphthalene&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
- <td class="tdr">5&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">5&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td>
- <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td>
- </tr><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Tetryl</td>
- <td class="tdl">&ensp;&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td>
- <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">7</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span>
-The Grisounites-couche are used in the coal seams as they have
-theoretical temperatures of explosion of 1500° or less, but N<sub>1</sub>a
-has been replaced to a considerable extent by N<sub>4</sub>, because the
-presence of a proportion of potassium nitrate is found to increase
-the safety; these are both coloured green. The Grisounites-roche have
-theoretical temperatures of explosion of 1900° or less, and are used
-in the rocks in coal mines. N<sub>1</sub>b is dyed rose colour, and N<sub>1</sub>c
-pale yellow.</p>
-
-<p>Many explosives of this type are in use in different countries. On
-the old British Permitted List were <a href="#ammonite">Ammonite</a>,
-<a href="#westfalite">Westfalite</a>, <a href="#bellite">Bellite</a>
-and <a href="#roburite">Roburite</a> amongst others. Those now on the List
-contain ammonium or sodium chloride to enable them to pass the Rotherham Test, <i>e.g.</i>
-the later Ammonites, Bellite Nos. 2 and 4, <a href="#favershampowder">Faversham Powder</a>
-and <a href="#negropowder">Negro Powder</a>.</p>
-
-<p>On the Belgian list of Explosifs S.G.P. is Favier II bis&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdl">77·6</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dinitro-naphthalene</td> <td class="tdl">2·4</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium chloride</td> <td class="tdl">20</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Charge limite&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;More than&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">293 grammes.</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>FAVORIT</b>. See <a href="#koronit"><b>KORONIT</b></a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>*FELIXITE</b> is a smokeless shot-gun powder introduced in 1906
-by the New Explosives Company. It is a fibrous 42-grain bulk powder,
-and, according to an analysis published in “Arms and Explosives,”
-1917, p. 76, has the composition&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitrocellulose, insoluble</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;40·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdr">”&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;soluble</td> <td class="tdr">20·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Metallic nitrates</td> <td class="tdr">30·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitro-compound</td> <td class="tdr">5·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Vaseline</td> <td class="tdr">2·7</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Moisture</td> <td class="tdr">1·3</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>*FILITE</b> was a smokeless powder formerly used in
-the Italian services. It was a <a href="#ballistite">Ballistite</a> consisting generally of equal parts
-of nitroglycerine and collodion cotton, to which 0·5 to 1 per cent. of
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span>
-aniline or diphenylamine was added as a stabiliser. It was
-gelatinised with a solvent and drawn out into cords.</p>
-
-<p><b>FLAMMIVORE.</b>&mdash;A Belgian coal-mine explosive made
-at Arendonck&mdash;</p>
-
-<table border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td colspan="2" class="tdc"><b>O.</b></td> <td colspan="2" class="tdc"><b>I.</b></td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">70</td>
- <td class="tdl">&emsp;&emsp;Blasting gelatine</td> <td class="tdr">4</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Barium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">15</td>
- <td class="tdl">&emsp;&emsp;Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">82</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Cellulose</td> <td class="tdr">5</td>
- <td class="tdl">&emsp;&emsp;Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">10</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">10</td>
- <td class="tdl">&emsp;&emsp;Rye flour</td> <td class="tdr">4</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Charge limite</td> <td class="tdr"><br />100g.</td>
- <td class="tdl"><br />&emsp;&emsp;Charge limite</td> <td class="tdr"><br />500g.</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<table border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td colspan="2" class="tdc"><br /><b>III.</b></td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">6</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">70</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium sulphate</td> <td class="tdr">9</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Barium sulphate</td> <td class="tdr">7</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dextrin</td> <td class="tdr">8</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Charge limite</td> <td class="tdr"><br />650g.</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">In the United Kingdom this is “authorised” but
-not “permitted” for use in dangerous mines.</p>
-
-<p><b>FLOBERT</b> ammunition consists of small cartridges, like
-detonators, charged with a small quantity of mercury fulminate, and
-some antimony sulphide and potassium chlorate. It is used for target
-practice and shooting small birds.</p>
-
-<p><b>FOERDER SICHERHEITSSPRENGSTOFF.</b>&mdash;A German coal-mine explosive
-containing ammonium nitrate, not more than 4 per cent. of blasting
-gelatine, mono- and di-nitro-aromatic compounds, vegetable meal and
-neutral salts.</p>
-
-<p><b>FOERDIT.</b>&mdash;A German coal-mine explosive containing
-nitroglycerine gelatinised or ungelatinised, carbohydrates,
-glycerine, nitro-compounds, inorganic nitrates and sodium or
-potassium chloride.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>Ammon-Foerdit is a similar mixture, except that it contains a larger
-percentage of ammonium nitrate and no other inorganic nitrates. The
-nitroglycerine is gelatinised, and there is a little diphenylamine.
-The following are examples of these two explosives&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&emsp;Foerdit.</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;Ammon-Foerdit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdc">&emsp;&nbsp;25·5</td> <td class="tdc">&ensp;&nbsp;3·8</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdc">&emsp;&nbsp;1·5</td> <td class="tdc">&ensp;&nbsp;0·2</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdc">37</td> <td class="tdc">85</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdc">5</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dextrine or flour</td> <td class="tdc">4</td> <td class="tdc">4</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Glycerine</td> <td class="tdc">3</td> <td class="tdc">2</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Diphenylamine</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdc">1</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium chloride</td> <td class="tdc">24</td> <td class="tdc">4</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1">Ammon-Foerdit F, which has been introduced
-recently, contains up to 10 per cent. of potassium perchlorate and is
-similar to <a href="#astralit">Astralit V</a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>FORCITE.</b>&mdash;A variety of <a href="#gelatine">gelatine dynamite</a> or <a href="#gelignite">gelignite</a>
-made in Belgium. It contains <a href="#blastinggelatine">blasting gelatine</a> 36 to 64 per cent.,
-sodium or ammonium nitrate, wood meal, magnesia and sometimes bran.</p>
-
-<p>An American explosive of the same name is a dynamite containing
-wood tar&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">49&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">1&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">38&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sulphur</td> <td class="tdr">1·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood tar</td> <td class="tdr">10&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood pulp</td> <td class="tdr">0·5</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p><b>FORCITE ANTIGRISOUTEUSE 3.</b>&mdash;A Belgian coal-mine
-explosive of the <a href="#carbonite">Carbonite</a> type&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">26&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">33&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Barium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">1&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Rye flour</td> <td class="tdr">38·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Bran</td> <td class="tdr">1&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium carbonate</td> <td class="tdr">0·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Charge limite</td> <td class="tdr"><br />750g.</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above2"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span>
-<a name="fortex"></a><b>FORTEX.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive made by Explosives and Chemical
-Products, Ltd. The mixture, which was on the old Permitted List, was&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">78·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Tetryl</td> <td class="tdr">21·5</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p><b>NEW FORTEX.</b>&mdash;A modification of the above to pass the Rotherham Test&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">25-11-13</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">35&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">33&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Tetryl</td> <td class="tdr">12&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">20&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />10 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·61”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>FORT PITT MINE POWDER NO.</b> 1 is an American coal-mine
-powder on the Permissible List. It is a nitroglycerine explosive.</p>
-
-<p><b>FRACTORITE.</b>&mdash;A Belgian coal-mine explosive&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td colspan="2" class="tdc"><b>B.</b></td> <td colspan="2" class="tdc"><b>D.</b></td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">75</td> <td class="tdl">&emsp;&nbsp;Ammonium nitrate&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">75</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dinitro-naphthalene</td> <td class="tdr">2·8</td> <td class="tdl">&emsp;&nbsp;Sodium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">10</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate</td> <td class="tdr">2·2</td> <td class="tdl">&emsp;&nbsp;Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">4</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">20</td> <td class="tdl">&emsp;&nbsp;Ammonium oxalate</td> <td class="tdr">7</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdl">&emsp;&nbsp;Flour</td> <td class="tdr">4</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Charge limite</td> <td class="tdr"><br />450 g.</td> <td class="tdl"><br />&emsp;&nbsp;Charge limite</td> <td class="tdr"><br />700 g.</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>FRACTURITE.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive formerly
-on the Permitted List, made by the British Explosives Syndicate, Ltd.&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">52·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">3·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">23&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">6&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">15&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span>
-<b>FUEL-ITE.</b>&mdash;There is a series of coal-mine explosives of
-this name on the American Permissible List. Nos. 1 and 2 are
-nitroglycerine explosives of the <a href="#carbonite">Carbonite</a> type. No. 3 is an ammonium
-nitrate explosive.</p>
-
-<p><a name="fuellpulver"></a><b>FUELLPULVER</b> (or <b>FP.</b>) is the name given
-by the Germans to mixtures of trinitro-toluene and ammonium nitrate used
-for filling shell. Fp. 60/40, for instance, is a mixture of 60
-parts trinitro-toluene and 40 parts of ammonium nitrate, and is
-consequently the same as <a href="#amatol">Amatol 40/60</a>. Fp. without figures stands for
-trinitro-toluene.</p>
-
-<p><b>*FULMEN POWDER</b> is a 33-grain smokeless powder for shot-guns
-made by the Schultze Gunpowder Co.</p>
-
-<p><b>FULMENIT.</b>&mdash;A blasting explosive made by the German Nobel Co.,
-containing ammonium nitrate, vegetable meal or charcoal, paraffin
-oil, trinitro-toluene and guncotton.</p>
-
-<p><b>WETTER-FULMENIT</b> is a coal-mine explosive which has been
-much used. It differs from the above in containing also sodium or
-potassium chloride&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td colspan="2" class="tdr">Fulmenit.</td> <td colspan="2" class="tdr">&emsp;&emsp;Wetter-Fulmenit.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">86·5</td> <td class="tdr">76&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">76·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Guncotton</td> <td class="tdr">4&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">0·5</td> <td class="tdr">4&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">5·5</td> <td class="tdr">11·8</td> <td class="tdr">5·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Charcoal</td> <td class="tdr">1·5</td> <td class="tdr">1·5</td> <td class="tdr">1·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Paraffin oil</td> <td class="tdr">2·5</td> <td class="tdr">0·2</td> <td class="tdr">2·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">10&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">10&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>FUMYL.</b>&mdash;A smoke-producing
-explosive containing trinitro-toluene and ammonium chloride, used for
-opening poison-gas shell, etc.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above2"><b>GATHURST POWDER.</b>&mdash;An explosive of
-the <a href="#grisounite">Grisounite</a> class. According to an analysis
-given in Cundill and Thomson’s Dictionary it consisted of&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">83·4</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dinitro-benzene</td> <td class="tdr">16·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Moisture</td> <td class="tdr">0·1</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span>
-<b>GEHLINGERIT.</b>&mdash;A German blasting explosive. Gesteins-Gehlingerit
-III. contains&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">80</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">15</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Flour</td> <td class="tdr">5</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">Wetter-Gehlingerit, which is a coal-mine
-explosive, contains also sodium or potassium chloride, and may
-contain up to 4 per cent. of nitroglycerine to increase its sensitiveness.</p>
-
-<p><b>GELATINÉ À L’AMMONIAQUE.</b>&mdash;A Belgian explosive, a mixture of
-<a href="#blastinggelatine">blasting gelatine</a> and ammonium nitrate.</p>
-
-<p><a name="gelatine"></a><b>GELATINE DYNAMITE</b> is a mixture of <a href="#blastinggelatine">blasting gelatine</a>,
-potassium nitrate and a little wood meal. That made in Britain must contain
-between 70 and 77 per cent. of nitroglycerine; it may contain up
-to 2 per cent. of calcium or magnesium carbonate, or 1/2 per cent.
-of mineral jelly as a stabiliser. The following may be taken as an
-example of its composition&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">74·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">5·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">4&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">15·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Calcium carbonate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">0·2</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Moisture</td> <td class="tdr">0·3</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p>In America brands are made of 35 to 80 per cent. strength.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><a name="gelignite"></a><b>GELIGNITE</b> is similar to <a href="#gelatine">Gelatine
-Dynamite</a> except that it contains a smaller proportion of blasting
-gelatine; in Britain the percentage of nitroglycerine must be between
-56 and 63, <i>e. g.</i>&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">61&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">4·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">7&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">27&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Calcium carbonate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">0·2</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Moisture</td> <td class="tdr">0·3</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span>
-There are also a number of modified Gelignites, which either contain
-sodium or barium nitrate in partial or entire replacement of the
-potassium nitrate, or else contain some substance to reduce the
-freezing point of the nitroglycerine and so diminish the danger of
-freezing, such as dinitro- or trinitro-toluene or dinitro-glycol.</p>
-
-<p><b>GESILIT.</b>&mdash;A German coal-mine explosive made by Nahnsen. It
-contains <a href="#blastinggelatine">blasting gelatine</a>, inorganic nitrates, sodium chloride,
-carbohydrates and dinitro-toluene&mdash;</p>
-
-<table border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">I.</td> <td class="tdc">II.</td> <td class="tdc">III.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Blasting gelatine</td> <td class="tdr">&ensp;&nbsp;30·75</td> <td class="tdr">&ensp;&nbsp;30·75</td> <td class="tdr">&ensp;&nbsp;32·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">22&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">22&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">18&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">5·25</td> <td class="tdr">5·25</td> <td class="tdr">5·25</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dextrin</td> <td class="tdr">39&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">21&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Pea flour</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">20&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">7&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">21&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">20·25</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">When tested in a gallery with an explosive gas
-mixture I. proved to be safer than the other two.</p>
-
-<p><b>GIANT COAL-MINE POWDERS</b> are American coal-mine explosives on
-the Permissible List. No. 5 is an ammonium nitrate explosive, whereas
-Nos. 6, 7 and 8 are low-grade dynamites mixed with hydrated salts.</p>
-
-<p><b>GIANT POWDER</b> is a name given in America to dynamite. No. 1
-is a kieselguhr dynamite containing about 75 per cent. of
-nitroglycerine. Many varieties, however, do not contain kieselguhr,
-but consist of nitroglycerine mixed with wood pulp, sodium or
-potassium nitrate, resin, sulphur or other combustible matter. The
-nitroglycerine is sometimes gelatinised with collodion cotton, or in
-the “Extra” varieties is partially replaced by ammonium nitrate.</p>
-
-<p><b>GLONOINE</b> was an early name for nitroglycerine.</p>
-
-<p><b>GLUECKAUF.</b>&mdash;A German explosive of the <a href="#grisounite">Grisounite</a>
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span>
-type consisting of ammonium nitrate and vegetable meal, to which might
-be added any of the following: sugar, resin, fatty oil, potassium
-nitrate, sodium nitrate, dinitro-benzene, ammonium oxalate, copper
-oxalate, copper nitrate ammonia, or sodium chloride. It was used for
-a time by several potash mines; was given up again by most of them.</p>
-
-<p><b>GOOD LUCK</b> was an explosive made by the Sprengstoffwerke
-Glueckauf A.-G., and was on the old British Permitted List for
-coal-mine explosives. It had the composition&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">82·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dinitro-benzene</td> <td class="tdr">1&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Turmeric</td> <td class="tdr">10·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Copper oxalate</td> <td class="tdr">6&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p><b>GRANATFUELLUNG</b> (<i>i. e.</i> Shell-filling) is a name given
-by the Germans to certain high explosives used for filling shell.
-Granatfuellung C/88 is picric acid, and C/02 is trinitro-toluene.
-See <a href="#fuellpulver">Fuellpulver</a>. Other substances used in German shell
-and bombs are trinitro-anisole, dinitro-benzene, hexanitro-diphenylamine and
-hexanitro-diphenyl sulphide, otherwise picryl sulphide.</p>
-
-<p><a name="grisounite"></a><b>GRISOUNITE.</b>&mdash;A French coal-mine
-explosive. See <a href="#favier"><b>FAVIER</b> Explosives</a>.</p>
-
-<p><a name="grisoutine"></a><b>GRISOUTINE</b> or <b>GRISOU-DYNAMINE</b> is the
-only explosive except Grisounite allowed in the more dangerous French coal mines.
-It consists of ammonium nitrate mixed with <a href="#blastinggelatine">blasting gelatine</a>.
-As the State monopoly does not extend to explosives containing
-nitroglycerine, it is made by private firms, but the compositions are
-regulated by the “Commission des Substances Explosives,” which in
-1911 resolved that they should be uniformly as follows&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr"><br />&emsp;&nbsp;Couche</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;Couche au<br />Salpêtre.&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr"><br />&emsp;&nbsp;Roche.</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;Roche au<br />Salpêtre.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">12&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">12&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">29&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">29&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">0·5</td> <td class="tdr">0·5</td> <td class="tdr">1&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">1&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">87·5</td> <td class="tdr">82·5</td> <td class="tdr">70&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">65&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">5&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">5&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span>
-The calculated temperatures of explosion of the Grisoutines couches
-are below 1500°, and those of the Grisoutines roches below 1900°. The
-addition of 5 per cent. of potassium nitrate is found to increase the safety.</p>
-
-<p>There are a number of explosives of this type made in other
-countries also, but they usually contain small proportions of
-combustible substances such as wood meal, and nitro-bodies such as
-trinitro-toluene. Of British explosives of this type, mention may be
-made of <a href="#monobel">Monobel</a>, <a href="#superexcellite">Super-Excellite</a>
-and <a href="#monarkite">Monarkite</a>. German explosives of this sort include
-<a href="#salit">Salit</a>, <a href="#tremonit">Tremonit</a>, <a href="#donarit">Donarit</a>,
-<a href="#carbonite">Ammon-Karbonit</a> and <a href="#astralit">Astralit</a>.</p>
-
-<p>On the Belgian list of Explosifs S.G.P. is Grisoutine II., which is
-identical in composition with Dynamite anti-grisouteuse V.</p>
-
-<p><b>GRISOUTITE.</b>&mdash;A Belgian coal-mine explosive&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">44</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Magnesium sulphate</td> <td class="tdr">44</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Cellulose</td> <td class="tdr">12</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Charge limite</td> <td class="tdr"><br />300 g.</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>GUARDIAN.</b>&mdash;American coal-mine
-explosives. Nos. 2, 2X, 3 and 3X are ammonium nitrate explosives,
-whereas Guardian A and Guardian Coal Powder B are nitroglycerine
-explosives.</p>
-
-<p><b>GUNCOTTON.</b>&mdash;A highly nitrated cotton containing
-about 13 per cent. of nitrogen and only slightly soluble in
-ether-alcohol.</p>
-
-<p><b>GUNPOWDER.</b> See <a href="#blackpowder"><b>BLACK POWDER</b></a>.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>*HALAKITE</b> attracted public attention
-out of all proportion to its merits, of which it possessed none,
-in consequence of the extravagant claims made on its behalf by its
-“inventors” and their dupes. Early in 1917 the British Government
-caused an inquiry to be held, and the case for the explosive
-collapsed in a ludicrous manner. <span class="pagenum"><a
-name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span> According to patent
-specification, No. 685 of 1915, the basis of the explosive was an
-admixture of lead nitrate with glycerine and other substances, and
-under the working conditions the glycerine was said to react with the
-nitrate to form a nitro-compound, which, of course, is not true. The
-substance actually submitted to the British and French authorities
-consisted of <a href="#cordite">cordite</a> mixed with lead nitrate, barium nitrate
-and lead chromate. This was stated by the promoters to be equally effective as
-a high explosive and a propellant! See “Interim and Final Reports of
-the Army Council (Halakite) Inquiry,” Cd. 8446.</p>
-
-<p><b>HALALIT.</b>&mdash;A German blasting explosive made by Nahnsen,
-containing not more than 65 per cent. of potassium perchlorate,
-ammonium nitrate, and not more than 32 per cent. of nitrated toluene,
-of which not more than 20 per cent. must be trinitro-toluene. It may
-also contain collodion cotton to gelatinise the liquid nitro-toluene,
-and sodium nitrate and wood meal or other vegetable meal.</p>
-
-<p>Ammon-Halalit A, which has been introduced recently, is similar to
-<a href="#astralit">Astralit V</a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>HALOKLASTIT.</b> See <a href="#petroklastit"><b>PETROKLASTIT</b></a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>HAMMONIT.</b>&mdash;A German blasting explosive containing not more
-than 40 per cent. of potassium or sodium perchlorate, not more than 4
-per cent. of nitroglycerine, aromatic nitro-bodies, ammonium nitrate,
-sodium or potassium nitrate, neutral salts and vegetable meal or
-other combustible matter.</p>
-
-<p><a name="hassiachlorat"></a><b>HASSIA-CHLORAT</b> is an explosive
-that was introduced in Germany during the War. It consists of 65 per
-cent. potassium chlorate and 35 per cent. combustible, and it is
-claimed that the large proportion of the latter not only makes it a
-mild explosive, but also renders it comparatively insensitive. It is
-also called Spreng-chlorat.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span>
-<b>HAYLITE.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive made by the National
-Explosives Co. There were three varieties on the Permitted List: No. 1
-was also on the old Permitted List, but has now been repealed.</p>
-
-<table border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">No. 1.</td> <td class="tdr">No. 2.</td> <td class="tdr">No. 3.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&emsp;1-9-13</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&emsp;21-11-16</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&emsp;30-5-18</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">26</td> <td class="tdr">15·5</td> <td class="tdr">9·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">1</td> <td class="tdr">0·3</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">60·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">20</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">59·5</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Barium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">20</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">5</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Mineral jelly</td> <td class="tdr">7</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">15</td> <td class="tdr">7·7</td> <td class="tdr">5·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">19·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate</td> <td class="tdr">11</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">5&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Borax</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">12</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td><td class="tdr"><br />10</td> <td class="tdr"><br />18</td> <td class="tdr"><br />16 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·18</td> <td class="tdr">1·96</td> <td class="tdr">2·44”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>H.E.</b> stands for High Explosive,
-used for charging shell or other military purpose.</p>
-
-<p>*<a name="heblerpowder"></a><b>HEBLER POWDER</b> was a so-called smokeless powder
-which was manufactured at one time in Switzerland. According to an analysis
-published by Cundill and Thomson, it was ordinary gunpowder in which
-about a fifth of the saltpetre had been replaced by ammonium nitrate.
-It did not appear to have a greater tendency to absorb moisture than
-ordinary powder. It was also called Wellite. See also <a href="#ammonpulver">Ammonpulver</a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>HECLA NO. 2</b> is an American coal-mine explosive on the
-Permissible List. It is an ammonium nitrate explosive made by the Du Pont Co.</p>
-
-<p><b>HECLA POWDER</b> is a brand of American dynamite.</p>
-
-<p><a name="helagon"></a><b>HELAGON</b> is a German perchlorate explosive made
-by the Köln-Rottweil Pulverfabriken. It contains not more than 10 per cent.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span>
-of potassium perchlorate, not more than 5 per cent. of zinc-aluminium
-alloy, aromatic nitro-bodies and neutral nitrates, excepting those of
-potassium and barium. It may also contain flour or potato meal and
-neutral substances.</p>
-
-<p><b>HELIT</b> is a similar explosive to <a href="#helagon">Helagon</a>,
-except that it contains dinitro-chlorhydrin, not more than 6 per cent.,
-in the place of the zinc-aluminium alloy.</p>
-
-<p><b>HELLHOFITE</b>}<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&ensp;<b>HELLITE</b>} are different names for what is practically the same
-explosive of the Sprengel type. It consists of a mixture of strong
-nitric acid and various nitro-compounds, <i>e.g.</i>&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Dinitro-benzene&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">1&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdl">&emsp;&emsp;Nitro-benzene&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">1&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitric acid</td> <td class="tdr">1·5</td> <td class="tdl">&emsp;&emsp;Nitric acid</td> <td class="tdr">2·5</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">A form of this explosive was tried by Gruson as a
-charge for shell many years ago. See also <a href="#panclastite">Panclastite</a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>*HENRITE</b> is a smokeless shot-gun powder of the
-fibrous 33-grain bulk type. A sample examined in 1902 had the
-composition&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitrocellulose, insoluble&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">71·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;”&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&nbsp;soluble</td> <td class="tdr">7·1</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Metallic nitrates</td> <td class="tdr">7·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitro-compounds</td> <td class="tdr">7·6</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Paraffin</td> <td class="tdr">5·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Moisture</td> <td class="tdr">1·3</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>HERCULES POWDER.</b>&mdash;The name of a
-brand of American dynamite.</p>
-
-<p><b>HERCULITE.</b>&mdash;This name has been given to several explosives.
-One was a mixture of sawdust, camphor, potassium nitrate and other
-substances, which was used for blasting. There was a coal-mine
-explosive of this name on the Permitted List, made by the British
-Explosives Syndicate, Ltd.&mdash;
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span></p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">22-6-14</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">33&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">1&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium perchlorate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">27&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">10&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate</td> <td class="tdr">29&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />16 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·72”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">but the permit has been repealed.</p>
-
-<p><b>HIMALAYITE.</b>&mdash;A high explosive made from potassium chlorate,
-potato starch and a drying oil. The chlorate and starch are first
-heated together with water, and when dry the oil is mixed in. The
-explosive is said to have been adopted by the Portuguese for filling
-shell. It passed the chemical tests in England, but no licence was
-taken out for its manufacture.</p>
-
-<p><b>HUDSON’S EXPLOSIVE.</b>&mdash;A stiff <a href="#blastinggelatine">blasting gelatine</a> made by
-incorporating nitroglycerine and collodion cotton together with the
-aid of acetone. It was tried in America in 1889 for filling shell,
-but is not used now for this purpose.</p>
-
-<p><b>HYGRADE COAL POWDER NO. 2</b> is an American coal-mine explosive
-on the Permissible List. It is a nitroglycerine explosive.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>*IDEAL POWDER</b> is a shot-gun powder made by Nobels.</p>
-
-<p><b>IMPERIALITE</b> is of no practical importance, but is interesting,
-as its history is that of the explosive one meets in the comic
-papers. The Marquis R. Imperiali had large private means and some
-knowledge of chemistry. He took out patents for a number of explosive
-mixtures and built a small factory in N. Italy, which started work
-in 1911. An explosion occurred the first day and killed five of the
-fifteen workers. Imperiali escaped and re-erected his factory. The
-day after it was restarted it blew up again and Imperiali
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span>
-was killed. The composition of the explosive that was being made is
-not known, but several of the mixtures for which Imperiali had taken
-out patents were decidedly dangerous.</p>
-
-<p><b>*INDURITE</b> was a smokeless powder patented by C. E. Munroe in
-1893. It was made by incorporating guncotton with nitro-benzene to
-a hard mass. It was used for a time in the American Navy. Samples
-made in 1891 were still stable apparently in 1914, but some cases of
-instability occurred and it was given up.</p>
-
-<p><a name="ingelite"></a><b>INGÉLITE</b> is the same in composition
-as <a href="#surete"><b>ANTIGEL DE SÛRETÉ</b></a>.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1">*<a name="poudre_j"></a>Poudre <b>J.</b>&mdash;A French
-smokeless powder used for shot-guns and revolvers. Its composition is&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitrocotton</td> <td class="tdr">83</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium bichromate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">14</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium bichromate</td> <td class="tdr">3</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Moisture</td> <td class="tdr">about 3</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">It is incorporated with the aid of ether-alcohol
-and pressed into strips, which are cut into cubes and then converted
-into grains of irregular shape. The fine siftings are used for
-revolver and practice ammunition.</p>
-
-<p><b>JUDSON POWDER.</b>&mdash;A mild blasting explosive used in
-America. It is a sort of crude gunpowder coated with nitroglycerine
-to increase the violence of the explosion. The percentage of
-nitroglycerine may vary from 5 to 20, but is generally near the lower
-limit. Judson Powder R.R.P. has the composition&mdash;</p>
-
-<table border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">5</td> <td class="tdl">&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&nbsp;Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">64</td> <td class="tdl">&emsp;&nbsp;or&emsp;&nbsp;Sulphur, coal and resin&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">35</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sulphur</td> <td class="tdr">16</td> <td class="tdl">&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&nbsp;Sodium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">60</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Cannel coal</td> <td class="tdr">15</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">The sodium nitrate is mixed with the
-combustibles and the mixture is <span class="pagenum"><a
-name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span> heated beyond the
-melting-point of the sulphur and resin. The slightly porous mass thus
-formed is then coated with nitroglycerine. The explosive is fired
-with a priming cartridge of dynamite. The following four grades are
-made by the Du Pont Co.&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">FFF&emsp;&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdl">20 % nitroglycerine</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">FF</td> <td class="tdl">15&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&nbsp;”</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">F</td> <td class="tdl">10&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&nbsp;”</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">RRP</td> <td class="tdl">&nbsp;5&emsp;&emsp;&emsp; &nbsp;”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>KANITE A</b> is an American coal-mine
-explosive on the Permissible List. It is an ammonium nitrate
-explosive.</p>
-
-<p><b>KARBONIT.</b> See <a href="#carbonite"><b>CARBONITE</b></a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>KAUSOLIT.</b>&mdash;An ammonium perchlorate explosive, introduced
-about 1915 by the Stockholm Superphosphaten-fabriks A.-b.</p>
-
-<p><b>KENT POWDER</b> was a coal-mine explosive made by the Cotton
-Powder Co. It was of the <a href="#carbonite">Carbonite</a> type and was on the Permitted
-List. It is now no longer “permitted.”</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">10-2-14</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">24&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">32·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">33·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">10&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />over 32 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·01”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>KENTITE</b> is a coal-mine explosive made
-by British Westfalite, Ltd. It was on the old Permitted List and also
-passed the Rotherham Test, and so is still “permitted”&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">34</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">34</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">17</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium chloride&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">15</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />18 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·64”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span>
-<b>KIESELBACHER CHLORATSPRENGSTOFF.</b><br />&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;See <a href="#miedziankit"><b>MIEDZIANKIT</b></a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>KINETIT.</b>&mdash;A German explosive made by gelatinising
-nitro-cellulose with nitro-benzene, and incorporating it with
-potassium nitrate and chlorate. It is somewhat sensitive to blows,
-etc. Early samples contained also antimony sulphide which rendered
-them decidedly dangerous.</p>
-
-<p><b>KIWIT.</b>&mdash;A German chlorate explosive introduced
-during the War. It contains not more than 77 per cent. of
-sodium or potassium chlorate, carbon carriers such as paraffin,
-naphthalene, vaseline, meal or oil, also not more than 15 per
-cent. of liquid trinitro-toluene, and may contain dinitro-toluene,
-dinitro-naphthalene, sodium chloride and not more than 4 per cent.
-of guncotton.</p>
-
-<p><b>KOHLENKARBONIT.</b> See <a href="#carbonite"><b>CARBONITE</b></a>.</p>
-
-<p><a name="kolax"></a><b>KOLAX.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive of the
-<a href="#carbonite">Carbonite</a> type formerly
-on the Permitted List, made by Curtis’s and Harvey&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">25</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">26</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Barium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">34</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Starch</td> <td class="tdr">10</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><a name="superkolax"></a><b>SUPER-KOLAX</b> was a modification
-of this to meet the requirements of the Rotherham Test&mdash;</p>
-
-<table border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">No. 2.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">1-9-13</td> <td class="tdr">7-4-14</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">25·5</td> <td class="tdr">28·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash; &nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">1&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">25·5</td> <td class="tdr">16·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Barium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">5&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">5&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">29·5</td> <td class="tdr">30·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Starch</td> <td class="tdr">7·5</td> <td class="tdr">9&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">7&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">9·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />30</td> <td class="tdr"><br />&emsp;&nbsp;over 32 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·10</td> <td class="tdr">2·21”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">The permits of both have been repealed.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span>
-<a name="koronit"></a><b>KORONIT</b>, also known as <b>FAVORIT</b>, is a German chlorate
-blasting explosive introduced during the War. See also <a href="#coronite">Coronite</a>.</p>
-
-<p>Gesteins-Koronit (or -Favorit) contains not more than 85 per cent.
-of potassium or sodium chlorate, not more than 15 per cent. of
-nitro-bodies (but no trinitro-compounds), paraffin or fatty oils,
-naphthalene, vegetable meal, powdered coal, inert substances, and not
-more than 4 per cent. of <a href="#blastinggelatine">blasting gelatine</a>.</p>
-
-<p>Kohlen-Koronit (or -Favorit) contains not more than 68 per cent.
-of potassium or sodium chlorate, aromatic hydrocarbons and
-nitro-hydrocarbons (but not more than 12 per cent. of aromatic
-nitro-bodies and no trinitro-compounds), sodium chloride or similar
-salts, paraffin or fatty oils, vegetable meal or other organic
-substance; not more than 4 per cent. of <a href="#blastinggelatine">blasting gelatine</a> and not
-more than 4 per cent. of powdered coal.</p>
-
-<p><b>PERKORONIT</b> is similar to <a href="#koronit">Koronit</a> except that
-it contains potassium or sodium perchlorate instead of chlorate. Part of the
-perchlorate may be replaced by nitrate.</p>
-
-<p><b>*K.S.</b>, <b>K.S.G.</b>&mdash;Kynoch’s Smokeless Powder. It is a
-fibrous bulk powder for shot-guns made by Kynochs, Ltd. The following
-analyses were given in “Arms and Explosives,” 1917, p. 78&mdash;-</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">Kynoch’s<br />&emsp;&nbsp;Smokeless.</td> <td class="tdr_bott">K.S.</td> <td class="tdr_bott">K.S.G.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Introduction</i></td> <td class="tdr">1901</td> <td class="tdr">1913</td> <td class="tdr">1912</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Class</i></td> <td class="tdr">42-grain</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;42-grain</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;33-grain</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitrocellulose, insoluble</td> <td class="tdr">49·5</td> <td class="tdr">40·4</td> <td class="tdr">41·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdr">”&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;soluble</td> <td class="tdr">5·5</td> <td class="tdr">27·0</td> <td class="tdr">36·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Metallic nitrates</td> <td class="tdr">25·0</td> <td class="tdr">28·0</td> <td class="tdr">12·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitro-compound</td> <td class="tdr">19·0</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">5·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Vaseline</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">3·0</td> <td class="tdr">3·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Moisture</td> <td class="tdr">1·0</td> <td class="tdr">1·6</td> <td class="tdr">2·0</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>KYNARKITE</b> is a coal-mine explosive of the <a href="#carbonite">Carbonite</a>
-type made by Kynoch, Ltd. It is no longer on the Permitted List&mdash;
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span></p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">No. 2.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">1-9-13</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&emsp;15-1-15</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">25</td> <td class="tdr">26&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">28</td> <td class="tdr">29·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Barium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">3</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">39</td> <td class="tdr">34&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">5</td> <td class="tdr">8&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />20</td> <td class="tdr"><br />28 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·21</td> <td class="tdr">2·06”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>KYNITE</b> was a coal-mine explosive on the
-old Permitted List, but has been superseded by Kynarkite&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr_bott">Kynite.</td> <td class="tdr">Kynite.&ensp;&nbsp;<br />&emsp;Condensed.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">26&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">25&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Barium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">33&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">33·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">40·7</td> <td class="tdr">6·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Starch</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">34·7</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Calcium carbonate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">0·3</td> <td class="tdr">0·3</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><a name="lafflin"></a><b>*LAFFLIN AND RAND W.A.</b> was a tubular
-smokeless powder tried in America for small arms. It consisted of&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Guncotton</td> <td class="tdr">67·25</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">30&ensp;&nbsp;&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Metallic salts</td> <td class="tdr">2·75</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">gelatinised by means of 40 parts of acetone. A gelatinised
-dense shot-gun powder of similar composition was also made.</p>
-
-<p><b>L.C. PULVER</b> is a German <a href="#cheddite">Cheddite</a>.</p>
-
-<p><a name="gesteinsleonit"></a>Gesteins-<b>LEONIT</b> is a German perchlorate
-explosive for blasting rock&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Alkali perchlorate</td> <td class="tdr">&ensp;&nbsp;about 60%</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">10&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitro-compounds</td> <td class="tdr">15&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Meal</td> <td class="tdr">10&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Blasting gelatine</td> <td class="tdr">4&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">It is practically the same as Permonit A.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span></p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><a name="neuleonit"></a>Neu-<b>LEONIT</b> is a
-modification of this for use in coal</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;I.&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;II.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium perchlorate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">35&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">35</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">20&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">10</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">3</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">5}</td> <td rowspan="2" class="tdr">11</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">5}</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">3&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Vegetable meal</td> <td class="tdr">4&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Blasting gelatine</td> <td class="tdr">4&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">4</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">24&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">30</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">It is practically the same as <a href="#wetterpersalit">Wetter-Persalit</a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>LIGDYN</b> is a nitroglycerine explosive similar to American
-dynamite made in South Africa. 40 per cent. Ligdyn consists of&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">40</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">45</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">13</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wheat flour</td> <td class="tdr">2</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>*LIGHTNING.</b>&mdash;A 33-grain smokeless
-shot-gun powder made by the Schultze Gunpowder Co. See <a href="#schultzepowder">Schultze Powder</a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>LIGNOSIT</b> is a German blasting explosive containing a
-considerable percentage of ammonium nitrate. Lignosit I. contains
-also aromatic nitro-compounds, of which not more than 15 per cent.
-must be trinitro-compounds or wood meal, and not more than 6 per
-cent. of potassium nitrate, not more than I per cent. of collodion
-cotton and bauxite or salts, such as sodium chloride or carbonate.</p>
-
-<p>Lignosit II. may contain up to 10 per cent. of collodion cotton, but
-no wood meal or nitro-compounds. It is somewhat sensitive.</p>
-
-<p>Lignosit III. differs from I. in that it may contain up to 4 per
-cent. of <a href="#blastinggelatine">blasting gelatine</a> and contains no bauxite.</p>
-
-<p>The object of adding the neutral salts is evidently to make the
-explosive safer in coal mines. When intended for this purpose it is
-called Wetter-Lignosit I. or III.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>Lignosit IV. consists of ammonium nitrate, not more than 13 per cent.
-of trinitro-toluene, not more than 13 per cent. of aluminium powder,
-and wood meal.</p>
-
-<p><b>LITHOFRACTEUR</b> is a name that has been given to more than one
-explosive. One introduced about 1873 by Krebs and Co. of Deutz, near
-Cologne, consisted of nitroglycerine absorbed in kieselguhr mixed
-with nitrates, charcoal or coal and sulphur. Some of it was imported
-into England at one time.</p>
-
-<p><b>LOEWENPULVER</b> or Castroper Sprengpulver is a German blasting
-powder consisting of a compressed or granulated mixture of sodium
-nitrate, manganese dioxide, sulphur and carbonaceous substances such
-as briquette powder or coal. It may also contain potassium nitrate,
-wood meal or tar.</p>
-
-<p><b>LOMITE NO. 1</b> is an American coal-mine explosive on the
-Permissible List. It is a low-grade dynamite containing hydrated
-salts.</p>
-
-<p><b>LOWINITE NO. 2-B</b> is an American coal-mine explosive on the
-Permissible List. It is an ammonium nitrate explosive.</p>
-
-<p><b>LUXIT I.</b> is a German blasting explosive consisting of ammonium
-nitrate, not more than 17 per cent. of trinitro-toluene, and not
-more than 5 per cent. of wood meal.</p>
-
-<p><b>LYDDITE.</b>&mdash;A high explosive used in the British Services for
-filling shell. It consists simply of picric acid, which is melted
-under proper precautions and poured into the shell.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1">*<a name="poudre_m"></a>Poudre <b>M</b> is a shot-gun powder made by
-the French Government, and is the one that is most used in France. Its composition is&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitrocotton</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;71</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Barium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">20</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Camphor.</td> <td class="tdr">3</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Binding material</td> <td class="tdr">1</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span></p>
-<p>The nitrocotton has a solubility of only 15 or 20 per cent., and is
-partially gelatinised with ether-alcohol aided by the camphor. It is
-granulated under edge runners, granulated and drummed.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>MACARIT.</b>&mdash;A Belgian high explosive
-for filling shell&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">30</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Lead nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">70</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">It has a high density and is not deliquescent.
-For equal weights its power is less than that of trinitro-toluene
-or picric acid, but for equal volumes it is somewhat greater.</p>
-
-<p><b>MARKANIT.</b> See <a href="#silesia"><b>SILESIA</b></a>.</p>
-
-<p><a name="marsit"></a><b>MARSIT.</b>&mdash;A sort of Oxyliquit.
-Liquid oxygen is passed into a linen bag containing soot.</p>
-
-<p><b>M.B. POWDER</b> (Modernised Black) is a <a href="#blackpowder">black powder</a>
-mixture in which part of the potassium nitrate has been replaced by
-potassium or ammonium perchlorate, generally the potassium salt. It
-is manufactured at Bonnybridge, Stirling, at the works originally
-erected for making <a href="#mitchellite">Mitchellite</a>. During manufacture the
-composition is heated in steam boilers. (See “Arms and Explosives,” 1911, p. 7.)</p>
-
-<p><b>M.D.</b> See <a href="#cordite"><b>CORDITE</b></a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>MEGANIT</b> is a Hungarian nitroglycerine explosive similar to
-American dynamite, except that it contains a small percentage of
-nitrated vegetable ivory.</p>
-
-<p><b>MELANITE.</b>&mdash;A Belgian blasting explosive consisting of&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">&ensp;&nbsp;78</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">4</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">18</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">It contains, therefore, a considerable excess of oxygen.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span></p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>MÉLINITE</b> is a high explosive used by
-the French for filling shell and other military purposes. It consists
-essentially of picric acid, to which other substances are sometimes
-added. Paraffin wax has been added to diminish the sensitiveness.
-Mélinite D is simply picric acid, but Mélinite O contains also a
-little Crésilite 2 (q. v.).</p>
-
-<p><b>MELLING POWDER</b> was a coal-mine explosive on the Permitted
-List, made by the Cotton Powder Co. The permit has been repealed.</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">1-9-13</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">5&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">53·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">12&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">6&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">4·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">19&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />12 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·62”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>MERCURIT</b> is a blasting explosive
-that has been introduced recently in Germany. It consists of 88 per
-cent. of potassium chlorate and 12 per cent. of high boiling neutral
-tar oil. In Mercurit II. up to 20 per cent. of the chlorate may be
-replaced by perchlorate.</p>
-
-<p><b>MERSEY POWDER</b> was a coal-mine explosive on the Permitted List,
-made by the Cotton Powder Co. The permit has been repealed.</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">3-7-15</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">5·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">51&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">11&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">6&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">3·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium chloride&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">23&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />18 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·60”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span>
-<b>METEOR AXXO</b> is an American coal-mine explosive on the Permissible List.
-It is a low-grade dynamite containing a hydrated salt.</p>
-
-<p><a name="miedziankit"></a><b>MIEDZIANKIT</b> (also called Egelit or Kieselbacher
-Chloratsprengstoff) is a German chlorate explosive of the Sprengel
-class. It consists of porous potassium chlorate impregnated with not
-more than 10 per cent. of kerosene, having a flash point not below
-30° C. It has met with some unfavourable reports, as it is found that
-results are not uniform unless the impregnation be carried out in
-special factories, the original idea having been that it was to be
-done shortly before use.</p>
-
-<p>During the War a modification of the explosive was introduced for use
-in coal mines. This contains up to 30 per cent. of sodium chloride.</p>
-
-<p><b>MINERITE.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive made by the Forcite
-Co. of Baelen Wezel in Belgium, identical in composition with
-<a href="#carbonite">Kohlen-carbonite</a> and Colinite antigrisouteuse.</p>
-
-<p><b>MINER’S FRIEND, NOS. 1 to 6.</b> American coal-mine explosives on
-the Permissible List. They are ammonium nitrate explosives.</p>
-
-<p><a name="minite"></a><b>MINITE.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive of the
-<a href="#grisounite">Grisounite</a> type which was on the old Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">89</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">10</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">1</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">There was also an explosive of the <a href="#carbonite">Carbonite</a> type of
-this name made at Arendonck in Belgium&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">25</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">35</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Flour</td> <td class="tdr">39·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Soda</td> <td class="tdr">0·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Charge limite</td> <td class="tdr"><br />750 g.</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span>
-<b>MIN-ITE.</b>&mdash;American coal-mine explosive on the Permissible
-List. Brands A, A-2, B, and B-2 are nitroglycerine explosives,
-whereas Nos. 5-D and 6-D are ammonium nitrate mixtures.</p>
-
-<p><b>MINOLITE.</b>&mdash;A Belgian blasting explosive, which is also
-approved for transport over the German railways. It contains ammonium
-nitrate, dinitro- or trinitro-naphthalene with other substances added
-in some cases. A variety for use in coal mines is called Minolite
-antigrisouteuse.</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">Minolite<br />&emsp;&nbsp;antigrisouteuse.&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">Minolite<br />nouvelle.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdc">72&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">87&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate</td> <td class="tdc">23&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">3</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdc">3</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-naphthalene&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">2</td> <td class="tdc">5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dinitro-naphthalene</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdc">3</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Quebracho</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdc">2</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Charge limite</td> <td class="tdc"><br />400 g.</td> <td class="tdr"><br /></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">There was also a variety containing lead nitrate, but this
-could not be used in mines because of the poisonous smoke it evolved.</p>
-
-<p><b>*MISCHPULVER</b> is a name given in German to ungelatinised
-smokeless nitro-cellulose powders.</p>
-
-<p><a name="mitchellite"></a><b>MITCHELLITE</b> was an explosive that was formerly
-licensed for manufacture in Great Britain, and was made at Bonnybridge, Stirling,
-but the factory and the licence were transferred to the M.B. Powder
-Co. in 1910. It was apparently a chlorate or perchlorate explosive.
-It is said to be manufactured at Monticello, Indiana, U.S.A.</p>
-
-<p><b>*MODDITE.</b>&mdash;A sporting rifle powder made by Eley Bros.
-Analysis of a sample showed&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">38·7</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitrocellulose</td> <td class="tdr">56·8</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Mineral jelly</td> <td class="tdr">4·3</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Volatile matter</td> <td class="tdr">0·2</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span></p>
-<p>Of the nitrocellulose about one-third was soluble in ether-alcohol.
-It was made in the form of strip.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><a name="monachit"></a><b>MONACHIT</b> is a German blasting
-explosive which was known at one time as <a href="#vigorit">Vigorit</a>. It is
-distinguished by containing nitro-compounds derived from naphtha, mostly
-nitro-xylenes and nitro-mesitylenes.</p>
-
-<p>Monachit I. contains ammonium nitrate, not more than 15 per cent.
-of nitro-compounds, of which not more than 60 per cent. must be
-trinitro-bodies, also vegetable meal and potassium nitrate.</p>
-
-<p>Monachit II. contains in addition not more than 1 per cent.
-of collodion cotton, not more than 1 per cent. of charcoal, also
-hydrocarbons and ammonium oxalate or other salts to act as cooling
-agents, and render the explosive suitable for use in coal mines, <i>e. g.</i>&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">81</td> <td class="tdr">64</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">5</td> <td class="tdr">3</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitro-compounds</td> <td class="tdr">13</td> <td class="tdr">14</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">1</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Flour</td> <td class="tdr">1</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;&mdash;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Charcoal</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">1</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">17</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">The collodion cotton is to gelatinise the
-nitro-compounds when they are liquid.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><a name="monarkite"></a><b>MONARKITE</b> is a coal-mine explosive
-made by Kynoch, Ltd., and is on the Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">10-2-14</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Revised</i></td> <td class="tdr">20-9-19</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">49<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a></td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">9&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">11·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">0·3</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Starch</td> <td class="tdr">3·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Mineral jelly</td> <td class="tdr">2&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">24·7</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />18 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·30”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span>
-<b><a name="monobel"></a>MONOBEL</b> is a coal-mine explosive made by Nobel’s Explosives
-Co. There are three formulæ which have passed the Rotherham Test, but
-A1 is no longer on the Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">&nbsp;Monobel&nbsp;<br />No. 1.</td> <td class="tdc">A1<br />&nbsp;Monobel.&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">A2<br />&nbsp;Monobel.&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdc">10-2-14</td> <td class="tdc">13-5-14</td> <td class="tdc">15-1-15</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdc">68&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">60</td> <td class="tdc">59</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdc">8·5</td> <td class="tdc">10</td> <td class="tdc">10</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdc">8·5</td> <td class="tdc">10</td> <td class="tdc">10</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdc">15&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium chloride</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdc">20</td> <td class="tdc">20</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Magnesium carbonate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdc">1</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdc"><br />10</td> <td class="tdc"><br />28</td> <td class="tdc"><br />22 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">2·81</td> <td class="tdc">2·78</td> <td class="tdc">2·44”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-<p class="no-indent">There is also Quarry Monobel which is not permitted for use in
-dangerous coal mines, and presumably contains no alkali chloride.</p>
-
-<p>See also <a href="#vikingpowder">Viking Powder</a> and <a href="#victorpowder">Victor Powder</a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>MONOBEL, NOS. 1</b> to <b>7</b> are on the American Permissible
-List. Of these, Nos. 4 and 5 are low-freezing explosives, containing
-a small percentage of nitro-toluene or similar substance; Nos. 3 and
-5 are less violent than the others.</p>
-
-<p><b>MONOBEL POWDER</b> was the predecessor of the above and was on the
-old Permitted List. It is now no longer “permitted.”</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">80</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">10</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">10</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>*MULLERITE.</b>&mdash;A shot-gun powder
-made by the Muller Co. in Belgium. It is a gelatinised dense powder
-in the form of green leaflets, and the charge for a 12-bore cartridge
-was 33 grains. It contains no inorganic salts.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>EXPLOSIFS N.</b> See <a href="#favier">Favier</a> Explosives.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span></p>
-
-<p><b>NAPHTHALIT.</b>&mdash;A German chlorate explosive introduced
-during the War. It contains not more than 80 per cent. of potassium
-chlorate, and aromatic hydrocarbons, such as naphthalene,
-and not more than 12 per cent. of nitro-hydrocarbons, but no
-trinitro-compounds; also paraffins, fatty oils, flour or other
-organic substance. It may contain also alkali chlorides, and not more
-than 4 per cent. of <a href="#blastinggelatine">blasting gelatine</a>.</p>
-
-<p>The prefixes Gesteins- and Wetter- are applied according as the
-explosive is intended for rock or coal mines.</p>
-
-<p>Grisou-<b>NAPHTALITE</b>. See <a href="#favier"><b>FAVIER</b> Explosives</a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>NATIONALITE.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive of the <a href="#grisounite">Grisounite</a>
-class made by the National Explosives Co., Ltd. The composition, which was
-on the old Permitted List, was&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">92</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Di- and Trinitro-toluene&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">8</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">But to pass the Rotherham Test it was necessary to add alkali
-chlorides. There were two formulæ formerly on the Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">No. 1.</td> <td class="tdr">No. 2.&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">22-6-14</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;28-1-15</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">65·5</td> <td class="tdr">64&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">15&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">15&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">19·5</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium chloride&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">21&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />12&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr"><br />20 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr"> 2·92</td> <td class="tdr">2·63”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">The permits have been repealed.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>*N.C.T.</b> is the name given in the
-British service to the Nitro-Cellulose Tubular smokeless powder,
-made in the same way as the American service powder. It consists
-of nitro-cellulose completely soluble in ether-alcohol, but of
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span>
-comparatively high nitration. It is gelatinised with ether-alcohol
-and pressed into cords with either one or seven perforations running
-down them length-ways. These are cut into short cylinders and dried.
-The powder contains a little diphenylamine as a stabiliser.</p>
-
-<p><b>N.E.</b> See <a href="#necsp">New Explosives Company’s Smokeless Powder</a>.</p>
-
-<p><a name="negropowder"></a><b>NEGRO POWDER.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine
-explosive of the <a href="#grisounite">Grisounite</a>
-class made by Roburite and Ammonal, Ltd. The composition,
-which was on the old Permitted List, was&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">88</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">10</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Graphite</td> <td class="tdr">2</td>
- </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="tdc">&emsp;&emsp;and a small quantity of colouring matter.</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p>To enable it to pass the Rotherham Test, sodium chloride has been
-added, and Negro Powder No. 2 is now on the Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">25-11-13</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">57&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">15&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Graphite</td> <td class="tdr">0·7</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">27·3</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Colouring matter</td> <td class="tdr">small quantity</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />20 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)</td> <td class="tdr">2·21”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>NEONAL.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive made by the
-New Explosives Company. Two formulæ were at one time on the Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">No. 1.&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">1-9-13</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;22-6-14</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">21&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">40&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">1&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Di- and Trinitro-toluene&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">0·2</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">15·8</td> <td class="tdr">5&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium perchlorate</td> <td class="tdr">37&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">14&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate</td> <td class="tdr">25&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">39&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />16&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr"><br />30 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·56</td> <td class="tdr">2·51”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">Both have now been repealed.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span></p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>*NEONITE.</b>&mdash;A 30-grain bulk
-gelatinised smokeless shot-gun powder introduced by the New
-Explosives Co. in 1907. According to an analysis given in “Arms and
-Explosives,” 1917, p. 76, its composition is&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitrocellulose, insoluble</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;73·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdr">”&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;soluble</td> <td class="tdr">9·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Metallic nitrates</td> <td class="tdr">10·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Vaseline</td> <td class="tdr">5·9</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Moisture</td> <td class="tdr">1·6</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p>Neonites are also made for various types of rifled small arms,
-including military rifles, cadet rifles, revolvers and rim-fire
-rifles. These are all nitrocellulose powders with or without
-moderants.</p>
-
-<p><a name="necsp"></a><b>*NEW EXPLOSIVES COMPANY’S SMOKELESS POWDER</b> or <b>N.E.</b>&mdash;A
-36-grain fibrous bulk powder for shot-guns introduced in 1912.
-According to an analysis given in “Arms and Explosives,” 1917, p. 76,
-its composition is&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitrocellulose, insoluble</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;50·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdr">”&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;soluble</td> <td class="tdr">25·8</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Metallic nitrates</td> <td class="tdr">12·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitro-hydrocarbons</td> <td class="tdr">7·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Vaseline</td> <td class="tdr">3·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Moisture</td> <td class="tdr">1·7</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>NEW FORTEX.</b> See <a href="#fortex"><b>FORTEX</b></a>.</p>
-
-<p><a name="nitralite"></a><b>NITRALITE.</b> See <a href="#densite"><b>DENSITE</b></a>.</p>
-
-<p><a name="nitrodensite"></a><b>NITRO-DENSITE.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive made by Kynoch, Ltd. It
-was of the <a href="#carbonite">Carbonite</a> type, and was at one time on the Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;1-9-13</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">18&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Barium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">25&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">5·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Starch</td> <td class="tdr">28·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">French chalk</td> <td class="tdr">23&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />28 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)</td> <td class="tdr">1·47”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span>
-<b>*NITROKOL.</b>&mdash;A gelatinised nitrocellulose powder intended for
-use in rifles. It consists of a nitrocellulose, mostly soluble in
-ether-alcohol, and gelatinised with that solvent. It is made up in
-the form of small square flakes which are graphited.</p>
-
-<p><b>NITROLIT.</b>&mdash;A high explosive used by the Germans for filling
-shell. It is a mixture of ammonium nitrate and trinitro-anisol.</p>
-
-<p>The name was formerly given by C. Lamm of Stockholm to a blasting
-explosive containing <a href="#blastinggelatine">blasting gelatine</a>,
-ammonium nitrate and other substances.</p>
-
-<p><b>NITRO LOW-FLAME, NOS. 1</b> and <b>2</b> are American coal-mine
-explosives on the Permissible List. They are nitroglycerine mixtures.</p>
-
-<p><b>NOBEL AMMONIA POWDER.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive which was on the
-old Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">84</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">8</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">8</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">&emsp;<b>NOBEL GELATINE DYNAMITE.</b>}<br />
-&emsp;<b>NOBEL GELIGNITE.</b>&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp; } Under
-these names explosives were introduced during the War with modified
-compositions, the potassium nitrate being replaced by sodium nitrate,
-and the percentage of nitroglycerine being reduced.</p>
-
-<p><b>NOBELIT</b> is a German blasting explosive containing blasting
-gelatine, carbonaceous substances, inorganic nitrates and sodium or
-potassium chloride.</p>
-
-<p><b>AMMON-NOBELIT</b> contains ammonium nitrate, and the proportion
-of <a href="#blastinggelatine">blasting gelatine</a> is limited to 4 per cent. It may contain
-sodium or potassium oxalate, and various other substances that are
-not present in Nobelit.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span></p>
-
-<p><b>*NORMAL POWDER.</b>&mdash;A smokeless powder which was said to
-have been adopted by the Governments of Switzerland, Sweden, Norway,
-Denmark and Finland. The following analyses were given in “Arms and
-Explosives,” 1917, p. 91&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td colspan="2" class="tdr">Rifle.</td> <td colspan="2" class="tdc">&emsp;&emsp;&nbsp;Shot-gun Powders.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Sample</i></td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;1895</td> <td class="tdr">1913</td> <td class="tdr">1902</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitrocellulose, insoluble</td> <td class="tdr">93·0</td> <td class="tdr">8·8</td> <td class="tdr">40·8</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdr">”&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp; soluble</td> <td class="tdr">3·5</td> <td class="tdr">89·4</td> <td class="tdr">56·1</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Resin</td> <td class="tdr">2·0</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Moisture</td> <td class="tdr">1·5</td> <td class="tdr">1·8</td> <td class="tdr">2·0</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>NORMANITE.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive which
-was made by the Cotton Powder Co., and was on the old Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">33·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">1·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">44·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">8&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Charcoal</td> <td class="tdr">1·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">11&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above2">Explosifs <b>O</b> are the chlorate
-explosives made in the French State factories. O1, O2, O4 and O5 are
-<a href="#cheddite">Cheddites</a> (q. v.). O3 is a Sprengel explosive, and
-is dealt with under the heading of <a href="#promethee">Prométhée</a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>OAKLEY QUARRY POWDER</b> is a blasting explosive consisting of
-ammonium nitrate and <a href="#tetryl">tetryl</a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>OAKLITE.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive made by the Explosives and
-Chemical Products, Ltd., which was on the old Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">No. 1.</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;No. 2.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">25·5</td> <td class="tdr">10&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">1&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">0·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">34·5</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">79·3</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">38·7</td> <td class="tdr">10&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Magnesium carbonate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">0·3</td> <td class="tdr">0·2</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span>
-<b>ODITE.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive which was made by the New
-Explosives Co., and was on the old Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">88</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dinitro-benzene</td> <td class="tdr">12</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>OPHORITE.</b>&mdash;A mild but hot explosive consisting of&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Potassium perchlorate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">60</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Magnesium powder</td> <td class="tdr">40</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">It is used as a bursting charge for incendiary shell,
-smoke bombs, etc.</p>
-
-<p><b>ORKANIT</b> is the same as <a href="#alkasit">Alkalsit</a>,
-but may contain sodium chloride and similar salts.</p>
-
-<p><b>OXYLIQUIT</b> is a blasting explosive consisting of liquid oxygen
-absorbed in some porous combustile material, such as absorbent cork,
-soot or kieselguhr mixed with petroleum. It was discovered in 1895
-by Prof. F. C. Linde, and was tried on a large scale in 1899 in the
-construction of the Simplon tunnel. It is very cheap, and is safe in
-the case of a missfire, because in about half-an-hour the oxygen has
-all evaporated off and the charge becomes inexplosive. On the other
-hand, it is necessary to have the air liquefying plant near the scene
-of operations, and the charge must be fired soon after charging.
-These disadvantages prevented the adoption of the explosive, but
-during the War fresh trials were made in Germany in consequence of
-the scarcity of nitrates.</p>
-
-<p>Liquid oxygen explosives are now used on a considerable scale by
-the Germans for military, as well as civil blasting operations. The
-name Oxyliquit, however, seems only to be applied to them when the
-explosive is made in the manner and with the plant of the Linde
-Company. See also <a href="#marsit">Marsit</a>.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><a name="panclastite"></a><b>PANCLASTITE.</b>&mdash;A Sprengel
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span>
-explosive made by mixing liquid nitrogen peroxide with carbon bisulphide,
-nitro-benzene or nitro-toluene. It was proposed in 1881 by Turpin,
-and was tried by Germany for filling shell, the two constituents
-being contained in separate glass containers, which were broken by
-the shock of discharge. It was not adopted there on account of the
-inconvenience of dealing with a liquid which gives off poisonous
-fumes. It is a powerful and violent explosive, and is probably the
-same as the “<a href="#turpinite">Turpinite</a>” about which sensational
-statements were made in the press early in the War.</p>
-
-<p><b>PANNONIT.</b>&mdash;A blasting explosive made by the A. G. Dynamit
-Nobel of Austria. It has replaced <a href="#progressit">Progressit</a> in
-Austria as a coal-mine explosive. Its composition is&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">25·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">1·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">37&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dextrin</td> <td class="tdr">4&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Glycerine</td> <td class="tdr">3&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">5&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium or potassium chloride&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">24&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>PASTANIL.</b>&mdash;A German ammonium nitrate
-blasting explosive similar to <a href="#plastammon">Plastammon</a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>*P.C./88.</b>&mdash;A Swiss smokeless powder for small-arms
-consisting of&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitrocellulose</td> <td class="tdr">82</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">18</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>PERAGON.</b>&mdash;A German blasting
-explosive containing potassium perchlorate, zinc-aluminium alloy,
-aromatic nitrocompounds and some other constituents.</p>
-
-<p><b>PERCHLORIT</b> is a German blasting explosive introduced
-recently. It contains ammonium nitrate, a perchlorate, mono- and
-dinitro-compounds, meal, charcoal, and not more than 4 per cent. of nitroglycerine.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span></p>
-
-<p><b>PERDIT.</b>&mdash;An explosive used by the Germans for mining and
-demolitions and rifle grenades. It consists of&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">76</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium perchlorate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">6</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">2</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">16</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>PERILIT.</b>&mdash;A German perchlorate
-blasting explosive made by the Koeln-Rottweil Pulverfabriken. It
-contains not more than 65 per cent. of potassium perchlorate,
-aromatic nitro-compounds, not more than 6 per cent. of
-dinitro-chlorhydrin, flour, etc., and nitrates (but not more than 10
-per cent. of potassium nitrate).</p>
-
-<p><b>PERKORONIT.</b> See <a href="#koronit">Koronit</a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>PERMON POWDER.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive which was on the
-Permitted List. It was made by the Carbonite Syndicate in Germany,
-and imported into Great Britain&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">25-11-13</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">12&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">0·4</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">55&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">1&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Glycerine</td> <td class="tdr">4&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potato flour</td> <td class="tdr">10·6</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">17&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />18 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)</td> <td class="tdr">2·57”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">The permit was repealed on 21-11-16.</p>
-
-<p><b>PERMONITE.</b>&mdash;A potassium perchlorate explosive made by the
-Carbonite Syndicate at Schlebusch in Germany. A number of mixtures
-have been placed on the market, but they do not differ from one
-another very much. One which was on the old British Permitted List was&mdash;
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</a></span></p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Potassium perchlorate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">32·2</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">41&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">3·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">0·3</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">12&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Starch</td> <td class="tdr">8&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">3&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p>See also <a href="#gesteinsleonit">Gesteins Leonit</a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>PERRUMPIT.</b>&mdash;A German coal-mine explosive containing ammonium
-nitrate, sodium nitrate, vegetable meal, fatty oils, graphite
-and aluminium, cooling agents such as ammonium oxalate or sodium
-chloride, and not more than 15 per cent. of trinitro-toluene.</p>
-
-<p><b>PERSALIT</b> is a German perchlorate explosive made by the
-Westfälisch-Anhaltische Sprengstoff A.-G. It contains not more than
-77 per cent. of an alkali or alkali earth perchlorate, organic matter
-such as hydrocarbons, resins, meal or nitrated hydrocarbons (with the
-proviso that if the percentage of perchlorate exceed 70, there must
-not be more than 10 per cent. of trinitro-toluene). There must also
-be not less than 4 per cent. of ammonium nitrate, and there may be an
-addition of sodium nitrate or other salt that does not increase the
-sensitiveness.</p>
-
-<p><a name="wetterpersalit"></a><b>WETTER-PERSALIT</b> is a similar explosive,
-but has been modified to make it more suitable for use in coal mines. It contains
-not more than 35 per cent. of potassium perchlorate, not more than 25 per
-cent. of ammonium nitrate, aromatic nitro-compounds of which not
-more than 20 per cent. must be trinitro-toluene, vegetable meal, not
-more than 6 per cent. of nitroglycerine, sodium nitrate, and neutral
-salts. It is similar to <a href="#neuleonit">Neu-Leonit</a>.</p>
-
-<p><a name="petroklastit"></a><b>PETROKLASTIT</b> or <b>HALOKLASTIT</b> is a modified
-gunpowder mixture used in Germany in potash mines and stone quarries. It
-contains sodium nitrate, sulphur, coal-tar pitch, potassium nitrate,
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span>
-not more than 1 per cent. of potassium bichromate, and may have up to
-10 per cent. of charcoal, as, for instance&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">69</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sulphur</td> <td class="tdr">10</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Coal-tar pitch</td> <td class="tdr">15</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium bichromate&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">1</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">It is more powerful than ordinary blasting powder, and
-somewhat less sensitive to blows. This explosive is also made in Switzerland.</p>
-
-<p><b>PETROLIT</b> is a German chlorate explosive introduced during the
-War. It contains not more than 88 per cent. of potassium chlorate,
-nitro-compounds, kerosene, and neutral salts. (This is rather a
-dangerous mixture.&mdash;A.M.)</p>
-
-<p><b>PFALZIT.</b>&mdash;A German blasting explosive containing
-ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, not more than 13 per cent. of
-trinitro-toluene, not more than 1 per cent. of collodion cotton,
-meal, sodium chloride, etc.</p>
-
-<p><b>PHŒNIX POWDER.</b>&mdash;A German coal-mine explosive made by
-Dr. R. Nahnsen and Co., of Hamburg. It passed the Woolwich Test and
-was on the old Permitted List.</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">29·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">0·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">32&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">38&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><a name="picrol"></a><b>PICROL.</b>&mdash;See <a href="#shellite">Shellite</a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>PIERRITE.</b>&mdash;A form of <a href="#cheddite">Cheddite</a> which was made
-at Gamsee, near Brig, for excavating the Simplon tunnel&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Potassium chlorate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">80&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitro-naphthalene</td> <td class="tdr">11·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Picric acid</td> <td class="tdr">2&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Castor oil</td> <td class="tdr">6·5</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span>
-<b>PIT-ITE</b> was a coal-mine explosive of the <a href="#carbonite">Carbonite</a> type, made
-by the New Explosives Co., Ltd. The composition, which was on the old
-Permitted List, was&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">26</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Barium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">33</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">41</td>
- </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="tdc">&emsp;&nbsp;and a little sodium or calcium carbonate.&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">In order to pass the Rotherham Test, the composition was modified
-to the following, No. 2, which was formerly on the Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">1-9-13</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">24&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">30&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">38&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate</td> <td class="tdr">8&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />&nbsp;over 32 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·15”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>PITSEA POWDER NO. 2</b> was a coal-mine explosive on
-the Permitted List, made by the British Explosives Syndicate, Ltd.&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">25-11-13</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">6·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">55&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">10&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">10&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate</td> <td class="tdr">18·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />8 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·64”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">The permit has been repealed.</p>
-
-<p><a name="plastammon"></a>Gesteins-<b>PLASTAMMON</b>.&mdash;A German blasting
-explosive containing not less than 70 per cent. of ammonium nitrate, glycerine,
-not more than 15 per cent. of nitro-toluene or other nitro-compounds, and not
-more than 4 per cent. of nitro-semicellulose.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>Steinkohlen-<b>PLASTAMMON</b> is a variation of this, containing not
-more than 25 per cent. of potassium nitrate, and intended for use in
-coal mines.</p>
-
-<p><b>*PLASTOMENIT</b> was an early German shot-gun powder which
-possessed no great merits. The following was the composition of a
-sample examined in 1893, and given in
-“Arms and Explosives,” 1917, p. 90&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitrocellulose, insoluble</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;32·7</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdr">”&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;soluble</td> <td class="tdr">19·3</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Metallic nitrates</td> <td class="tdr">21·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dinitro-toluene (solvent)</td> <td class="tdr">26·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Moisture</td> <td class="tdr">1·0</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>PLASTROTYL.</b>&mdash;A German high
-explosive for filling shell. It consists of a partially liquid
-mixture of trinitro- and dinitro-toluene gelatinised by means of not
-more than 0·5 per cent. of collodion cotton, and mixed with a small
-quantity of turpentine or soft resin. It does not appear to be in use now.</p>
-
-<p><b>PLESSIT</b> is a blasting explosive that was introduced in
-Germany during the War. It consists of potassium chlorate, not
-more than 9·5 per cent. of kerosene and 0·5 per cent. of albumen.
-Wetter-Plessit III. contains sodium chloride as well.</p>
-
-<p><b>PNIOWIT.</b>&mdash;A German blasting explosive containing ammonium
-nitrate, trinitro-toluene, wood meal and a small percentage of
-potassium perchlorate.</p>
-
-<p>Nobel <b>POLARITE</b> is a blasting explosive made by Nobel’s
-Explosives Co., Ltd. It consists of potassium perchlorate, and
-nitroglycerine mixed with a nitro-compound and gelatinised with
-collodion cotton, and absorbed in wood meal.</p>
-
-<p>Poudres &nbsp;<a href="#poudre_b"><b>B</b></a>, &nbsp;<a href="#poudre_j"><b>J</b></a>,
-&nbsp;<a href="#poudre_m"><b>M</b></a>, &nbsp;<a href="#poudre_s"><b>S</b></a>,
-&nbsp;<a href="#poudre_t"><b>T</b></a>. See under respective letters.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></span>
-<b>PRAEPOSIT</b> is a modified gunpowder&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Potassium (or sodium) nitrate&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">70</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sulphur</td> <td class="tdr">18</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Charcoal</td> <td class="tdr">6</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Hipposin</td> <td class="tdr">6</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">the last constituent being a fine powdery
-substance obtained from dried horse dung. It is slower than ordinary
-blasting powder and more expensive. It has a tendency to blow out,
-and opinions as to its value vary. Formerly it was supplied in
-the form of a fine powder, but it is now granulated or made into
-compressed cartridges.</p>
-
-<p><b>*PRIMROSE SMOKELESS</b> is an inexpensive 42-grain bulk powder for
-shot-guns made by the New Explosives Co.</p>
-
-<p><a name="progressit"></a><b>PROGRESSIT</b> was an explosive formerly
-used in Austrian coal mines&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;94</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;89</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Aniline hydrochloride&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">6</td> <td class="tdr">5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium sulphate</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">6</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-
-<p class="no-indent">It was superseded in 1913 by Pannonit.</p>
-
-<p><a name="promethee"></a><b>PROMÉTHÉE</b> or <b>PROMETHEUS</b> is a Sprengel explosive made
-by the French Government, by whom it is also called Explosif O3. It
-consists of a porous oxygen carrier and a liquid combustible, which
-are supplied separately, and the one is dipped in the other shortly
-before use&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr"><i>a</i></td> <td class="tdr"><i>b</i></td> <td class="tdr"><i>c</i>&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium chlorate</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;95</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;90</td> <td class="tdr">80 }</td> <td rowspan="2" class="tdl">&nbsp;Oxygen carrier, 92 to 87%</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Manganese dioxide</td> <td class="tdr">5</td> <td class="tdr">10</td> <td class="tdr">20 }</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br /></td> <td class="tdr"><br /></td> <td class="tdr"><br />1</td> <td class="tdr"><br />2&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr"><br /></td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitro-benzene</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">50</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;60 }</td> <td rowspan="3" class="tdl">&nbsp;Combustible, 8 to 13%</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Turpentine</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">20</td> <td class="tdr">15 }</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Naphtha</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">30</td> <td class="tdr">25 }</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">Any combination of <i>a</i>, <i>b</i> or <i>c</i> with
-1 or 2 may be used. The amount of liquid combustible taken up may vary from
-8 to 13 per cent.: this irregularity is a serious defect, and may cause
-incomplete detonation. This explosive is also made in Italy.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</a></span></p>
-
-<p><b>PROSPERIT</b> is a German ammonium nitrate explosive, containing
-also vegetable meal, nitro-compounds and other constituents. It may
-contain up to 4 per cent. of <a href="#blastinggelatine">blasting gelatine</a>.</p>
-
-<p>Gelatine-Prosperit contains also up to 20 per cent. of
-dinitro-chlorhydrin gelatinised with collodion cotton.</p>
-
-<p><b>PULVÉRIN.</b>&mdash;An ungranulated <a href="#blackpowder">black powder</a>
-made in France for use in fireworks, etc.</p>
-
-<p><b>PULVÉRITE.</b>&mdash;A Belgian coal-mine explosive containing
-perchlorate&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">30·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium perchlorate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">24&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">6&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">0·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">7&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Flour</td> <td class="tdr">5&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">18&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium sulphate</td> <td class="tdr">7&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Barium sulphate</td> <td class="tdr">2&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">The “charge limite” is 850 grammes, equivalent
-to 504 grammes of Dynamite No. 1.</p>
-
-<p><b>PYROCOLLODION</b> is a nitrocotton almost entirely soluble in
-ether-alcohol, and of comparatively high nitration. It contains
-about 12·5 to 12·7 per cent. of nitrogen, and consequently has about
-enough oxygen to oxidise all its hydrogen to water, and its carbon
-to the monoxide. It was first prepared by Mendeléeff for the Russian
-smokeless powder, and was afterwards adopted by the United States for
-their present powder.</p>
-
-<p><b>PYROXILINE</b> was a name formerly given to nitro-cellulose.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</a></span></p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><a name="rackarock"></a><b>RACK-A-ROCK</b> is a Sprengel
-explosive which has been used extensively in America, and also in Siberia
-and China. It consists of cartridges of potassium chlorate mixed
-sometimes with oxide of iron, which are dipped shortly before use
-into a liquid. The latter is nitro-benzene or “dead oil,” a heavy
-hydrocarbon oil obtained from coal-tar, or a mixture of the two. The
-chlorate cartridges are enclosed in small cotton bags, and are placed
-in a wire basket suspended from a spring balance. They are dipped
-into a vessel containing the liquid until a quarter or a third of the
-weight of the chlorate has been taken up.</p>
-
-<p><b>RASCHIT</b> is a blasting explosive consisting entirely of salts
-readily soluble in water, invented by F. Raschig. The incorporation
-is carried out by dissolving the constituents in water, and
-evaporating the solution rapidly on a rotating steam-heated drum.
-The oxidising substance is ammonium or sodium nitrate, and the
-combustible is the sodium salt of an organic sulphonate or the
-residue obtained from the manufacture of wood cellulose.</p>
-
-<table border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">&nbsp; II. &nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">&nbsp; III. &nbsp;</td>
- <td class="tdc">&nbsp; IV. &nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">&nbsp; V. &nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">&nbsp; VI. &nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdc">84</td>
- <td class="tdc">87</td> <td class="tdc">60</td> <td class="tdc">85</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate</td> <td class="tdc">70</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td>
- <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitro-cresol sulphonate&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdc">16</td>
- <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium cresol sulphonate</td> <td class="tdc">30</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td>
- <td class="tdc">13</td> <td class="tdc">10</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Cellulose residue</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td>
- <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdc">15</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium sulphate</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td>
- <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdc">30</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">No. II. is the only one made at present.</p>
-
-<p><b>R.D.B.</b> (Research Department B). See <a href="#cordite"><b>CORDITE</b></a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>RED CROSS</b> explosives are American dynamites containing
-some nitro-toluene or other substance to make the nitroglycerine
-low-freezing.</p>
-
-<p><b>RED H</b>, Nos. 1 to 7 are American coal-mine explosives on the
-Permissible List. They are ammonium nitrate mixtures.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</a></span></p>
-
-<p><b>*RED STAR</b> is a 33-grain bulk smokeless powder for shot-guns,
-introduced in 1906 by the New Explosives Co. According to an analysis
-given in “Arms and Explosives,” 1917, p. 76, its composition is&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitrocellulose, insoluble</td> <td class="tdr">&ensp;&nbsp;52·2</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdr">”&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;soluble</td> <td class="tdr">25·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Metallic nitrates</td> <td class="tdr">10·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitro-compounds</td> <td class="tdr">7·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Vaseline</td> <td class="tdr">3·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Moisture</td> <td class="tdr">1·8</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>RENDROCK.</b>&mdash;A brand of American dynamite.</p>
-
-<p><b>REX POWDER</b> is a coal-mine explosive made by the Cotton Powder
-Co. It is on the Permitted List, and is used to a considerable extent&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">16-8-15</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">12&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">60&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">8·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">19·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />20 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·61”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>REXITE.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive made by the
-New Explosives Co., which was on the old Permitted List. It is no longer “permitted.”</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">7·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">66&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">14·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">7·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">4·5</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>REXOL.</b>&mdash;A high explosive containing
-ammonium perchlorate, zinc dust, resin and mineral oil.</p>
-
-<p class="no-indent">&emsp; <b>R.F.G.</b> (Rifled Fine Grain) &nbsp; } black powders made for rifles<br />
-&emsp; <b>R.L.G.</b> (Rifled Large Grain) } and rifled ordnance respectively.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</a></span>
-<b>RHENANIT.</b>&mdash;A German blasting explosive containing ammonium
-nitrate, not more than 4 per cent. of <a href="#blastinggelatine">blasting gelatine</a>, and
-combustibles such as charcoal and naphthalene.</p>
-
-<p>Wetter-Rhenanit is for use in coal mines, and contains also sodium
-chloride.</p>
-
-<p>Rhenanit V., which has been introduced recently, contains up to 10
-per cent. of potassium perchlorate, and is similar to <a href="#astralit">Astralit V</a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>RHEXIT.</b>&mdash;An Austrian dynamite.</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td>
- <td class="tdc"> &nbsp;II.&nbsp; </td> <td class="tdc">&nbsp; III. &nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">&nbsp; IV. &nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">&nbsp; &nbsp;V.&nbsp; &nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td>
- <td class="tdr">50&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">35&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">24&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">15&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate</td>
- <td class="tdr">32·6</td> <td class="tdr">37&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">56·2</td> <td class="tdr">62·9</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td>
- <td class="tdr">17&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">27·5</td> <td class="tdr">19&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">21·2</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium carbonate&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
- <td class="tdr">0·4</td> <td class="tdr">0·5</td> <td class="tdr">0·8</td> <td class="tdr">0·9</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>*RIFLEITE</b> was a completely gelatinised
-smokeless powder which was made by the Smokeless Powder Co.; it
-was in the form of flakes. A variety was also introduced for use
-in shot-guns and was called Shot-Gun Rifleite; this was a 37-grain
-gelatinised dense powder.</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;Shot-gun<br />Rifleite.</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;For ·303<br />Rifle.&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Introduction</i></td> <td class="tdr">1894</td> <td class="tdr">1890</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitrocellulose, insoluble</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;76·0</td> <td class="tdr">1·7</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdr">”&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;soluble</td> <td class="tdr">18·9</td> <td class="tdr">82·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitro-compound</td> <td class="tdr">3·5</td> <td class="tdr">14·8</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Moisture</td> <td class="tdr">1·6</td> <td class="tdr">1·0</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">The nitrocellulose was made from lignin. These analyses
-were given in “Arms and Explosives,” 1917, p. 77.</p>
-
-<p><b>RIPPING AMMONAL.</b> See <a href="#ammonal"><b>AMMONAL</b></a>.</p>
-
-<p><a name="rippite"></a><b>RIPPITE</b> is an explosive made by Curtis’s and Harvey,
-which was on the old Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">61</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">4</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">19</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Castor oil</td> <td class="tdr">1</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">10</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</a></span>
-It is no longer “permitted” for use in dangerous coal mines, but is still used for general purposes.</p>
-
-<p><b>SUPER-RIPPITE</b> is a modification of this, which has passed the
-Rotherham Test and is on the Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">29-8-14</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">52&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">3&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">14·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Borax</td> <td class="tdr">22·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium chloride&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">8&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />18 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·53”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>RIVALIT</b> is a German blasting explosive
-containing ammonium nitrate, vegetable meal, nitro-compounds, and may
-also contain up to 3 per cent. of <a href="#blastinggelatine">blasting gelatine</a>.</p>
-
-<p>Rivalit P, which has been introduced recently, contains up to 10
-per cent. of potassium perchlorate, and is practically the same as
-<a href="#astralit">Astralit V</a>.</p>
-
-<p>Chlorat-Rivalit is an explosive of the <a href="#cheddite">Cheddite</a> type,
-introduced in Germany during the War&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Potassium chlorate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">88·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Paraffin</td> <td class="tdr">11·5</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><a name="roburite"></a><b>ROBURITE</b> is a coal-mine explosive
-of the <a href="#grisounite">Grisounite</a> class. In Germany many different mixtures
-have been made, but in general they are within the following limits&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdc">70 to 80</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdc">5&nbsp; ” 10</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdc">12 ” 15</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Flour</td> <td class="tdc">6</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdc">5 to 6</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium permanganate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">0·1 ” 0·5</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">but some are outside them.</p>
-
-<p>The explosive has also been made in England by the
-Roburite Explosives Co., Ltd., now incorporated in Roburite
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</a></span>
-and Ammonal, Ltd., who had the following on the old Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td colspan="2" class="tdr">No. 3&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">88</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dinitro-benzene</td> <td class="tdr">11</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Chlor-naphthalene&emsp;&nbsp;&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">1</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1 space-below1">The following has passed the
-Rotherham Test and is now on the Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td colspan="2" class="tdc">No. 4</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">13-5-14</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">61&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">16&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">23&nbsp;</td>
-
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />18 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·86”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>ROCKITE</b> is an explosive made by
-Curtis’s and Harvey for quarry work, etc.</p>
-
-<p><b>ROMPERIT.</b>&mdash;A German blasting explosive containing ammonium
-nitrate, potassium nitrate, trinitro-toluene, flour and resin. It may
-also contain up to 4 per cent. of <a href="#blastinggelatine">blasting gelatine</a>.</p>
-
-<p>Wetter-Romperit contains also sodium chloride, ammonium chloride or
-magnesite, and is used in coal mines.</p>
-
-<p>Gelatine-Romperit contains gelatinised nitroglycerine, glycerine,
-potato meal, etc., and nitrates, and may also contain aromatic
-nitro-compounds and alkali nitrates.</p>
-
-<p>Romperit G, which has been introduced recently, contains up to 10 per
-cent. of potassium perchlorate, and is similar to <a href="#astralit">Astralit V</a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>ROSLIN GIANT BLASTING POWDER</b> is a perchlorate explosive made
-by Curtis’s and Harvey.</p>
-
-<p><b>*ROTTWEIL SMOKELESS POWDERS.</b>&mdash;These were pushed energetically
-in England in 1913. They comprised a gelatinised rifle powder, and a
-37-grain gelatinised dense shot-gun powder. Analyses were given in
-“Arms and Explosives,” 1917, p. 90&mdash;
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</a></span></p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;Shot-gun.</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;Rifle.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitrocellulose, insoluble</td> <td class="tdr">72·3&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">72·8</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdr">”&emsp;&emsp;&emsp; soluble</td> <td class="tdr">24·5&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">25·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Metallic nitrates</td> <td class="tdr">0·7&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Camphor and diphenylamine</td> <td class="tdr">1·0&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">1·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Moisture</td> <td class="tdr">1·5&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">1·2</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>*RUBY POWDER.</b>&mdash;- A 42-grain bulk smokeless
-powder, for shot-guns, introduced in 1899 by Curtis’s and Harvey. The following
-analysis was given in “Arms and Explosives,” 1917&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitrocellulose, insoluble</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;46·6</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdr">”&emsp;&emsp;&emsp; soluble</td> <td class="tdr">4·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Metallic nitrates</td> <td class="tdr">34·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitro-compound</td> <td class="tdr">8·2</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Starch</td> <td class="tdr">5·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Moisture</td> <td class="tdr">1·7</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">It is an inexpensive powder made without solvents.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>RUSSELITE.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive which was made
-by the Forcite Co. in Belgium. It was on the old British Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">40·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">2·3</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">24·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">5·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">4&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate</td> <td class="tdr">23&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Calcium carbonate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">0·2</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1">*<a name="poudre_s"></a>Poudre <b>S</b> is a shot-gun powder
-made by the French Government. It consists of&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Guncotton</td> <td class="tdr">37</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Soluble nitrocotton&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">28</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">6</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Barium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">29</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Moisture</td> <td class="tdr">2</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</a></span>
-The ingredients are incorporated together under light edge runners,
-dried and partially gelatinised with 35 per cent. of ether-alcohol.
-The dough, which is not very coherent, is formed into grains by
-simply passing it through a sieve. The grains are dried, sifted,
-hardened if necessary with ether-alcohol, and again dried and sifted.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>SABULITE</b> is a blasting explosive containing ammonium
-nitrate, trinitro-toluene and calcium silicide. The last constituent increases
-the heat of explosion and renders the mixture more sensitive both to detonation
-and to blows; it plays the same part as the aluminium powder in <a href="#ammonal">Ammonal</a>.</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">78</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">8</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Calcium silicide</td> <td class="tdr">14</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">This composition was modified by the Belgian Sabulite Co.
-to render it suitable for use in coal mines: by introducing some potassium
-nitrate and ammonium chloride it was able to pass the tests, and
-obtain a place on the list of “explosifs S.G.P.”&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">Sabulite&emsp;&nbsp;<br />antigrisouteuse<br />A.&emsp;&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdc">54</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">22</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium chloride</td> <td class="tdc">13</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdc">&nbsp;6</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Calcium silicide</td> <td class="tdc">&nbsp;5</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">Sabulite has been used as a military high explosive.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><a name="safetypowder"></a><b>SAFETY BLASTING POWDER.</b>
-See <a href="#cahuecit"><b>CAHUECIT</b></a>.</p>
-
-<p><a name="salit"></a><b>SALIT</b> or Wittenberger Wetterdynamit is a German
-coal-mine explosive. The following is an analysis&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">53·6</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">11·8</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">0·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">8·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dextrin</td> <td class="tdr">2·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">23·1</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[Pg 86]</a></span>
-<b>SAMSONITE.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive made by Nobel’s Explosives
-Co., Ltd. It was on the old Permitted List. It is now no longer
-permitted for use in dangerous coal mines but is still used for
-general purposes.</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">58·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">3·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">18&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">6·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">13·5</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">During the War potassium nitrate was replaced by
-sodium nitrate, and the nitroglycerine was reduced to 50 per cent.</p>
-
-<p>Nos. 2 and 3 have passed the Rotherham Test and are on the Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">No. 2</td> <td class="tdc">&emsp;&nbsp;No. 3.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">25-1-19</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;25-1-19</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">51·5</td> <td class="tdr">51·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">3&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">3&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Amide compound</td> <td class="tdr">0·2</td> <td class="tdr">0·3</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium perchlorate</td> <td class="tdr">11&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">10&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Borax</td> <td class="tdr">23·3</td> <td class="tdr">25·2</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">10&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Moisture</td> <td class="tdr">1&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">10&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />26&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr"><br />24 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·49</td> <td class="tdr">2·42”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>SAXONITE</b> was the predecessor of Samsonite on the
-old Permitted List. It has practically the same composition, but wide limits
-are allowed. It also is used for general purposes. During the War
-potassium nitrate was replaced by sodium nitrate.</p>
-
-<p>Ammon-<b>SCHLESIT</b> or Kohlen-<b>SCHLESIT</b> is a German
-coal-mine explosive containing ammonium nitrate and other nitrates,
-nitro-compounds, starch, neutral salts, not more than 4 per cent.
-of <a href="#blastinggelatine">blasting gelatine</a>, and not more than 2 per cent.
-of potassium perchlorate.</p>
-
-<p><b>SCHNEIDERITE</b> is a high explosive used by the French for
-filling shell. Its composition is the same as the <a href="#favier">Favier</a> explosive N<sub>1</sub>c.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[Pg 87]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>*<a name="schultzepowder"></a><b>SCHULTZE POWDER</b> was the
-first successful smokeless powder made. It was invented by Capt. E.
-Schultze of the Prussian Artillery, who appears at first simply to
-have impregnated little grains of wood with saltpetre (Eng. Pat. 900
-of 1864). But later the wood cellulose was purified and nitrated, and
-then mixed with nitrates. The powder has remained the same as this
-until the present day, although the methods of manufacture have been
-developed and, indeed, revolutionised more than once. In “Arms and
-Explosives,” 1917, p. 75, the following analyses of different brands
-were given&mdash;&nbsp;</p>
-
-<table border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr class="tr_lt_grey">
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">Sawdust.</td> <td class="tdr">Schultze.</td>
- <td class="tdr">Imperial.</td> <td class="tdc">Cube.</td> <td class="tdr">Lightning.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date Introduced</i></td> <td class="tdc">1869</td> <td class="tdc">1883</td>
- <td class="tdc">1902</td> <td class="tdc">1908</td> <td class="tdc">1913</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Charge for 12-bore grns.</i></td> <td class="tdr">42&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">42&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- <td class="tdr">33&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">30</td> <td class="tdr">33&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr class="tr_lt_grey"> <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">Fibrous.</td> <td class="tdr">&ensp;&nbsp;Fibrous.</td>
- <td class="tdr">&ensp;&nbsp;Fibrous.</td> <td class="tdr">&ensp;&nbsp;Gelatinised.</td> <td class="tdr">&ensp;&nbsp;Fibrous.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitrocellulose,&emsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;insoluble}</td> <td rowspan="2" class="tdr">64·8</td> <td class="tdr">25·0</td>
- <td class="tdr">63·7&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">62·1&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">55·0&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdr">”&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;soluble}</td> <td class="tdr">40·0</td>
- <td class="tdr">18·9&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">27·0&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">27·0&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Metallic nitrates</td> <td class="tdr">33·0</td> <td class="tdr">29·0</td>
- <td class="tdr">8·0&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">5·0&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">11·2&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Vaseline</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">4·0</td>
- <td class="tdr">7·6&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">4·0&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">5·0&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Moisture</td> <td class="tdr">2·2</td> <td class="tdr">2·0</td>
- <td class="tdr">1·8&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">1·9&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">1·8&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">The nitrocellulose in all cases has been made
-from wood cellulose. All the powders are of the bulk type.</p>
-
-<p>Schultze powder is also made in America as a 36-grain
-fibrous bulk powder&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitrocellulose, insoluble</td> <td class="tdr">4·9</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdr">”&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;soluble</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;78·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Metallic nitrates</td> <td class="tdr">10·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Vaseline</td> <td class="tdr">3·7</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Moisture</td> <td class="tdr">2·4</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>SEAMEX</b> is a coal-mine explosive on the Permitted List
-made by Explosives and Chemical Products, Ltd.&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">10&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">58&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wheat flour</td> <td class="tdr">20&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">12&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />36 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2.54”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[Pg 88]</a></span>
-<b>SEBOMITE</b> is a French chlorate explosive resembling <a href="#cheddite">Cheddite</a>,
-but containing tallow instead of castor oil.</p>
-
-<p><a name="securite"></a><b>SECURITE</b> was one of the first coal-mine explosives.
-It contained ammonium nitrate and dinitro-benzene, and was therefore similar to
-<a href="#bellite">Bellite</a> and <a href="#roburite">Roburite</a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>SECUROPHORE.</b>&mdash;A Belgian coal-mine explosive containing
-nitroglycerine, nitrates, flour and other constituents.</p>
-
-<p><b>SENGITE</b> is a variety of <a href="#tonite">Tonite</a> introduced in South Africa
-as a substitute for <a href="#gelignite">Gelignite</a> in consequence of the scarcity of
-glycerine due to the War. It contains guncotton and sodium nitrate,
-and sufficient moisture to render it safe to handle without
-diminishing its strength. The first four letters of its name stand
-for <i>s</i>ubstitute <i>e</i>xplosive <i>n</i>o <i>g</i>lycerine.
-It requires a priming cartridge of <a href="#gelignite">gelignite</a> or similar explosive. It
-is more expensive than gelignite, and consequently is not likely to
-be used when the scarcity of glycerine has been relieved.</p>
-
-<p><a name="shellite"></a><b>SHELLITE.</b>&mdash;A high explosive consisting
-of picric acid and dinitro-phenol, used for filling shells. The mixture possesses
-the advantage over straight picric acid that it melts at a lower
-temperature. It was for a time called <a href="#picrol">Picrol</a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>SHEPPEY POWDER.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive made by the Cotton
-Powder Co. which was on the Permitted List for a short time, but was
-removed in 1914&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">25-11-13</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">27&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">31&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">36&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">6&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />10 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·10”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[Pg 89]</a></span>
-<b>SIEGENIT.</b>&mdash;A German blasting explosive containing ammonium
-nitrate, flour, and not more than 15 per cent. of dinitro-toluene.
-For use in coal mines, sodium chloride and magnesium sulphate are
-added as diluents, and nitroglycerine to increase the sensitiveness.</p>
-
-<p><a name="silesia"></a><b>SILESIA</b> is a German blasting explosive consisting
-of potassium chlorate, the particles of which are coated with resin or oxidised
-resin. The latter is made by treating ground colophony, mixed with 10
-per cent. of starch, with nitric acid. After washing and drying this
-is incorporated with the chlorate with the aid of alcohol, in which
-it is soluble. For use in coal mines sodium chloride is sometimes
-added. The following are examples&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">4.</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;4<i>a</i>.</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;IV. 22.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium chlorate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">80</td> <td class="tdr">80</td> <td class="tdr">70&emsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Resin</td> <td class="tdr">20</td> <td class="tdr">16 }</td> <td rowspan="2" class="tdr">8&emsp;&emsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;&nbsp;”&emsp;&nbsp;oxidised</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">4 }</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">22&emsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">It is practically the same as <a href="#steelite">Steelite</a>.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>*S.K., S.R., S.S., S.V.</b> were partially gelatinised
-fibrous smokeless powders, introduced by the Smokeless Powder Co. about 1889.
-They are no longer made. The following analyses were given in “Arms
-and Explosives,” 1917, p. 77&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;S.R.</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;S.S.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitrocellulose, insoluble</td> <td class="tdr">45·2</td> <td class="tdr">53·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdr">”&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;soluble</td> <td class="tdr">25·5</td> <td class="tdr">13·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Metallic nitrates.</td> <td class="tdr">18·5</td> <td class="tdr">18·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitro-compound</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">10·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Vaseline</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">4·6</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Starch</td> <td class="tdr">8·0</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Moisture</td> <td class="tdr">2·8</td> <td class="tdr">1·4</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">The nitrocellulose was made from lignin. S.S. was a 38-grain
-bulk powder; S.R. was a fibrous powder for rifles; S.K. a similar powder
-for small rifles, and S.V. for revolvers.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[Pg 90]</a></span>
-<b>*SMOKELESS DIAMOND</b> is a 33-grain bulk smokeless powder for
-shot-guns, introduced in 1903 by Curtis’s and Harvey. According to an
-analysis in “Arms and Explosives,” 1917, p. 78, its composition is&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitrocellulose, insoluble</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;69·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdr">”&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;soluble</td> <td class="tdr">6·6</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Metallic nitrates</td> <td class="tdr">15·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Vaseline</td> <td class="tdr">2·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Charcoal</td> <td class="tdr">5·6</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Moisture</td> <td class="tdr">1·3</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>*SOLENITE.</b>&mdash;A smokeless powder introduced
-in Italy in 1896 for use in rifles&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">34</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitrocotton, soluble&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">63</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Mineral jelly</td> <td class="tdr">3</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">It is gelatinised with the aid of acetone, and is made in
-the form of translucent short tubes of a light brown colour.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>SPRENGCHLORAT.</b> See <a href="#hassiachlorat">Hassia-Chlorat</a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>SPRENGEL EXPLOSIVES</b> were patented in 1871 by Dr. Hermann
-Sprengel, F.R.S., the inventor of the mercury vacuum pump. They are
-made by mixing an oxidising substance with a combustible one, the
-essential features being that one or both of the substances must be
-liquid, and the mixing takes place shortly before the explosive is
-required. The mixture is exploded by means of a fulminate detonator.
-As oxidising agents, Sprengel mentioned amongst others nitric acid
-and potassium chlorate; nitrogen peroxide has also been used; as
-combustibles, a large number of substances including nitro-benzene,
-nitro-naphthalene, carbon bisulphide, petroleum and picric acid. For
-most purposes nitric acid is an inconvenient material to use. Porous
-cartridges of potassium chlorate constitute the oxidiser generally
-employed, the combustibles being hydrocarbon oils and nitro-benzene.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[Pg 91]</a></span>
-This possesses considerable advantages, as there is no danger of
-a premature explosion until the constituents have been mixed.
-Under the British Explosives Act, however, this mixing constitutes
-“manufacture,” and can only be carried out in a properly licensed
-factory. Consequently Sprengel explosives have not been used in Great
-Britain, but they have been employed on a considerable scale in the
-United States, France, Italy and other countries.</p>
-
-<p>For examples of Sprengel explosives <i>see</i> <a href="#panclastite">Panclastite</a>,
-<a href="#promethee">Prométhée</a>, <a href="#rackarock">Rack-a-Rock</a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>SPRENGGELATINE</b> is the German for <a href="#blastinggelatine">Blasting Gelatine</a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>SPRENGSALPETER</b> is a cheap German blasting powder made from
-sodium nitrate, sulphur and brown coal. It is used in the potash
-mines.</p>
-
-<p><b>STABILITE</b> is a name that has been given to trinitro-anisole.
-It has been tried as a constituent of a smokeless powder, but it
-belies its title as it is readily hydrolysed with the formation of
-picric acid. It has also been used by the Germans as a filling for bombs.</p>
-
-<p><b>STANFORD POWDER.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive of the <a href="#favier">Favier</a> class
-which was on the Permitted List for a short time in 1913.</p>
-
-<p><a name="steelite"></a><b>STEELITE</b> was practically the same as <a href="#silesia"><b>Silesia</b></a>.
-Colliery Steelite was a coal-mine explosive on the old Permitted List, and
-made by Steelite Explosives, Ltd. It contained&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Potassium chlorate</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;74</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Oxidised resin</td> <td class="tdr">25</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Castor oil</td> <td class="tdr">1</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">Steelite is no longer authorised for manufacture
-or import into the United Kingdom.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[Pg 92]</a></span>
-<b>ST. HELEN’S POWDER.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive of the <a href="#ammonal">Ammonal</a> type
-made by the Roburite Explosives Co., which was on the old Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">93·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Aluminium powder</td> <td class="tdr">2·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">4&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>STOMONAL</b> is a coal-mine explosive made by the
-New Explosives Co., Ltd. It was on the old Permitted List. In order to pass
-the Rotherham Test and obtain places on the new Permitted List, No. 1 and
-No. 2 have had salts added as cooling agents&mdash;</p>
-
-<table border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr"> No. 1.</td> <td class="tdr">No. 2.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;22-6-14</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;9-5-17</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">8&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">10&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">10&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">84·5</td>
- <td class="tdr">56<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></td>
- <td class="tdr">60·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">6&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">7·5</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">6·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wheat flour</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">8·5</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">19·5</td> <td class="tdr">17&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">6&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />&mdash;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr"><br />20&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr"><br />30 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·68</td> <td class="tdr">2·57”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>STONAX</b> is a low-freezing <a href="#gelignite">Gelignite</a>
-containing a small percentage of a nitro-compound.</p>
-
-<p><b>STOW-ITE.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive made by the New Explosives
-Co., Ltd. It was on the old Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">59&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">4·7</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">18·3</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">6&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">12&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>*STOWMARKET SMOKELESS</b> is a 33-grain
-bulk powder for shot-guns made by the New Explosives Co. It is a
-comparatively inexpensive powder.</p>
-
-<p><b>SUNDERITE</b> was a coal-mine explosive made by Nobel’s Explosives
-Co., Ltd., at one time on the Permitted List&mdash;
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[Pg 93]</a></span></p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">25-11-13</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">9&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">53·2</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium perchlorate</td> <td class="tdr">9&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">8·8</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">20&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />16 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·66”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>SUPER-CLIFFITE.</b> See <a href="#cliffite"><b>CLIFFITE</b></a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>SUPER-CURTISITE.</b> See <a href="#curtisite"><b>CURTISITE</b></a>.</p>
-
-<p><a name="superexcellite"></a><b>SUPER-EXCELLITE.</b> See <a href="#excellite"><b>EXCELLITE</b></a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>SUPERITE.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive which was made by the
-Carbonite Company in Germany, and formerly on the Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">1-9-13</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">4&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">82&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">10&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Starch</td> <td class="tdr">4&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />10 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·53”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">The Permit was repealed on 21-11-16.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>SUPER-KOLAX.</b> See <a href="#kolax"><b>KOLAX</b></a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>SUPER-RIPPITE.</b> See <a href="#rippite"><b>RIPPITE</b></a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>SWALE POWDER</b> was a coal-mine explosive on the
-Permitted List made by the Cotton Powder Co., Ltd.&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">10-2-14</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">19&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">1&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">4&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium perchlorate</td> <td class="tdr">38&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">10&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate</td> <td class="tdr">28&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />20 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·50”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">The permit has been repealed.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[Pg 94]</a></span>
-<b>SWALITE.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive made by the Cotton
-Powder Co., Ltd. It was on the old Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">59·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">4&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">17&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">6&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">13·5</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>SYNDITE.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive formerly on the
-Permitted List. It was made by the Carbonite Syndicate in Germany&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">11&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">0·2</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">46·3</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">8&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Glycerine</td> <td class="tdr">3·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Starch</td> <td class="tdr">4&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">27&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />over 40 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·22”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">The permit was repealed on 21-9-16.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above2">*<a name="poudre_t"></a>Poudre <b>T</b> is a condensed
-smokeless shot-gun powder manufactured by the French Government. It is made
-from guncotton, <a href="#cp">CP<sub>1</sub></a>, to which 2 per cent. of
-saltpetre is added, gelatinised with acetone. The dough is pressed into
-strips which are rolled down to a thickness of 0·15 mm. and cut
-into small squares of 1·5 mm. side. The powder is then steeped in
-water to dissolve out the greater part of the potassium nitrate,
-dried, and finally drummed with a little gum and graphite to make
-it more progressive. This powder is superior to the other French
-sporting-powders, but is more expensive. The charge for a 16-bore
-cartridge is 1·9 grammes.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[Pg 95]</a></span>
-<b>TELSIT A</b> is a blasting explosive made at the Nobel Works in
-Switzerland. It consists of ammonium nitrate, nitrated toluene and
-aluminium powder.</p>
-
-<p>Gelatine-Telsit contains ammonium nitrate, <a href="#blastinggelatine">blasting gelatine</a> and
-liquid trinitro-toluene, also gelatinised with collodion cotton.</p>
-
-<p>Special-Gelatine-Telsit differs from this in having part of the
-ammonium nitrate replaced by sodium nitrate.</p>
-
-<p><b>TERRIT</b> is a plastic blasting explosive made in Sweden, and
-consisting of ammonium perchlorate, sodium nitrate and liquid
-dinitro-toluene, gelatinised with collodion cotton&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium perchlorate</td> <td class="tdr">43&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">28&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dinitro-toluene (liquid)&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">27·8</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">1·2</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">It is difficult to detonate.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><a name="tetryl"></a><b>TETRYL</b> is the name usually
-given to tetranitro-methyl-aniline, the strictly scientific designation of
-which is trinitro-phenyl-methyl-nitramine&mdash;</p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
- <img src="images/i109.jpg" alt="_" width="250" height="276" />
-</div>
-
-<p class="no-indent">It is used extensively as an intermediate
-detonating agent for high-explosive shell, as it is somewhat more
-sensitive than most of the explosives used, and can consequently be
-detonated by a small charge of fulminate. It is also called C. E.</p>
-
-<p>Grisou-<b>TETRILITE</b>. See <a href="#favier">Favier Powder</a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>TEUTONIT</b> is a German <a href="#favier">Favier</a> explosive containing not less than
-70 per cent. of ammonium nitrate, not more than 5 per cent. of flour
-or potato meal, and not more than 15 per cent. of aromatic nitro- and
-dinitro-compounds. It may also contain neutral salts.</p>
-
-<p><b>TEUTONITE</b> was a name given occasionally to White Gunpowder (q. v.).
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[Pg 96]</a></span></p>
-
-<p><b>THAMES POWDER</b> is a coal-mine explosive on the Permitted List
-made by the British Explosives Syndicate, Ltd.&mdash;</p>
-
-<table border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td colspan="3" class="tdr">No. 2 &nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">22-6-14</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;28-1-15</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">6·5</td> <td class="tdr">10&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">55&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">59<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a></td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">10&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">4·5</td> <td class="tdr">10&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Starch</td> <td class="tdr">5&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate</td> <td class="tdr">19&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">21&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />32&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr"><br />22&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·78</td> <td class="tdr">2·59”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>THERMIT</b> is not an explosive, although
-in some respects it resembles one. It generally consists of a mixture
-of about three parts oxide of iron with one part of aluminium powder,
-but other oxides and other metals are sometimes used. When initiated
-by strong heat in one place a reaction sets in with great evolution
-of heat and the formation of a white-hot mass of molten iron and
-slag. It differs from an explosive in that no gas is formed and the
-reaction is comparatively slow. It is used for filling incendiary
-bombs and for many industrial purposes.</p>
-
-<p><b>THORNIT.</b>&mdash;A German blasting explosive consisting of ammonium
-nitrate and vegetable meal. It may also contain animal or vegetable
-fats.</p>
-
-<p><b>TITANITE.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive manufactured in Hungary.
-A variety of it was on the old British Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">87</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">7</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Curcuma charcoal&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">6</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">Other varieties containing a smaller
-percentage of ammonium nitrate have been used for general blasting.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[Pg 97]</a></span></p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>T.N.T.</b> stands for trinitro-toluene or trotyl.</p>
-
-<p><b>TOLITE</b> stands for trinitro-toluene.</p>
-
-<p><a name="tonite"></a><b>TONITE</b>, or Cotton Powder, is a blasting explosive
-which was much used at one time. It consists of guncotton mixed with a nitrate
-and compressed into blocks or cylinders, but a small percentage of
-a nitro-compound has sometimes been added. A Belgian Tonite had the
-composition&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Guncotton</td> <td class="tdr">53·0</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Barium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">37·6</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">9·4</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p>That made by the Cotton Powder Co. consists of&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Guncotton</td> <td class="tdr">50</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Barium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">50</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><a name="toxol"></a><b>TOXOL</b> is a high explosive,
-a mixture of trinitro-xylene and trinitro-toluene.</p>
-
-<p><a name="tremonit"></a><b>TREMONIT</b> is a German coal-mine explosive
-containing gelatinised dinitro-glycerine, <i>e.g.</i>&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td colspan="2" class="tdc">&emsp;&emsp;&nbsp;Tremonit S II.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Dinitro-glycerine</td> <td class="tdr">33&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton</td> <td class="tdr">1&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">2·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">26·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Pea flour</td> <td class="tdr">12&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">25&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1">Ammon-Tremonit or Gesteins-Tremonit contains
-a considerable proportion of ammonium nitrate.</p>
-
-<p>Gesteins-Tremonit V. contains also up to 10 per cent. of potassium
-perchlorate, and is similar to <a href="#astralit">Astralit V</a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>TRINOL.</b>&mdash;A name for trinitro-toluene.</p>
-
-<p><b>TRIPLASTIT</b> was a plastic high explosive obtained by
-gelatinising a liquid or semi-liquid mixture of nitro-toluenes
-with collodion cotton and mixing it with lead nitrates, <i>e.g.</i>&mdash;
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[Pg 98]</a></span></p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Nitro-toluenes</td> <td class="tdr">70&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Collodion cotton&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">1·2</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Lead nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">28·8</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">It was intended for filling shell, etc.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1">*<b>TROISDORF SMOKELESS POWDER</b> became prominent in England
-in 1897 in connection with Mannlicher cartridges for the Bisley
-long-range competitions. It was occasionally recorded as Pigou Wilkes
-Powder, as that firm were agents for it. The following are analyses
-of samples taken in 1898 (“Arms and Explosives,” 1917, p. 90)&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">Shot-gun<br />&ensp;&nbsp;Powder.</td> <td class="tdr">Rifle&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&ensp;&nbsp;Powder.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitrocellulose, insoluble</td> <td class="tdr">24·9&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">1·5&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">”&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;soluble</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;61·7&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">96·5&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Starch, agar and dye</td> <td class="tdr">11·5&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Moisture</td> <td class="tdr">1·9&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·0&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">The shot-gun powder was a fibrous bulk powder, and the charge
-for a 12-bore cartridge was 33 grains. The rifle powder was gelatinised.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>TROJAN COAL POWDER</b> is an American coal-mine
-explosive on the Permissible List. It contains nitro-starch.</p>
-
-<p><b>TROTYL</b> is a name for trinitro-toluene.</p>
-
-<p><b>TUNNELIT</b> is a German safety explosive containing
-ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, not more than 10 per cent. of
-trinitro-toluene (or not more than 6 per cent. together with not more
-than 2 per cent. of neutral liquid trinitro-toluene), not more than
-20 per cent. of dinitro-chlorhydrin, not more than 5 per cent. of
-nitroglycerine, not more than 1 per cent. of collodion cotton, and
-carbohydrates.</p>
-
-<p><b>TUNNELITE</b> is an American coal-mine explosive on the
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[Pg 99]</a></span>
-Permissible List. Brands AA, B and C are ammonium nitrate explosives,
-whereas numbers 3 to 8, 6LF and 8LF are nitroglycerine explosives.</p>
-
-<p><a name="turpinite"></a><b>TURPINITE.</b> See <a href="#panclastite"><b>PANCLASTITE</b></a>.</p>
-
-<p><a name="tutol"></a><b>TUTOL.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive made by the
-Westphalia Anhalt Explosives Co. in Germany. It was on the old Permitted List.
-A variation of it, No. 2, was for a time on the new List, but it was repealed in Nov. 1916.</p>
-
-<table border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr"></td> <td class="tdr">&ensp;&nbsp;No. 2.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">25&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">25&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">33&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Barium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">2&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">29&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">39·8</td> <td class="tdr">36·3</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">9·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium bicarbonate</td> <td class="tdr">0·2</td> <td class="tdr">0·2</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />&mdash;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr"><br />22 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·11”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>UPLEES POWDER.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive
-of the <a href="#grisounite">Grisounite</a> type made by the Cotton Powder Co.
-It was for a time on the Permitted List but was repealed in 1914.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>VELOX GELATINE.</b>&mdash;A blasting explosive for hard rock made
-by the British South African Explosives Co. It contains less
-nitroglycerine than <a href="#blastinggelatine">blasting gelatine</a>, and is intended to husband
-stocks of glycerine (“Arms and Explosives,” 1916, p. 81).</p>
-
-<p>Gelatine <b>VENDER</b> is a Swiss explosive consisting of
-dinitro-acetin gelatinised with a little collodion cotton and mixed
-with ammonium nitrate.</p>
-
-<p><a name="victorpowder"></a><b>VICTOR POWDER</b> was a coal-mine explosive made by
-Nobel’s Explosives Co. There were two varieties at one time on the Permitted List&mdash;
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[Pg 100]</a></span></p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td colspan="3" class="tdr">No. 2.&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">13-5-14</td> <td class="tdr">&ensp;&nbsp;15-1-15</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">68&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">67&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">14·5</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">15&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">8·5</td> <td class="tdr">9&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">9&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">9&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />18&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr"><br />16&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·96”</td> <td class="tdr">2·63”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>VICTORITE.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive of the <a href="#carbonite">Carbonite</a>
-type made by Nobel’s Explosives Co. It was on the old Permitted List.</p>
-
-<p><b>VIEILLE POWDER.</b> See <a href="#poudre_b">Poudre <b>B</b></a>.</p>
-
-<p><a name="vigorit"></a><b>VIGORIT.</b> See <a href="#monachit"><b>MONACHIT</b></a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>VIGORITE</b> is a name that has been given to several explosives
-in the past. One of these, manufactured in California in the
-’seventies of the last century, contained potassium chlorate and
-nitroglycerine, and consequently was decidedly dangerous. It gave
-rise to a serious accident on the Grand Trunk Railway.</p>
-
-<p>The Atlas Powder Co. in America manufacture a series of coal-mine
-explosives under this name. They are nitroglycerine explosives.</p>
-
-<p><a name="vikingpowder"></a><b>VIKING POWDER</b> is a coal-mine explosive made by Nobel’s
-Explosives Co. There are two varieties on the Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">No. 1.&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">No. 2.&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdr">15-1-15</td> <td class="tdr">&ensp;&nbsp;15-1-15</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">59&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">67&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">10&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">8·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Wood meal</td> <td class="tdr">10&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">8·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">20&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">15&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Magnesium carbonate</td> <td class="tdr">1&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">1&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdr"><br />26&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr"><br />18 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">2·44”</td> <td class="tdr">2·59”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">This explosive is used extensively.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[Pg 101]</a></span></p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>VIRITE.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive made by the
-Nitrate Explosives Co. which was on the old Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">38&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">35·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sulphur</td> <td class="tdr">4·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Charcoal</td> <td class="tdr">11·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium oxalate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">10·5</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">There have been other explosives of the same name.</p>
-
-<p><b>VULCAN POWDER</b> is a brand of American dynamite.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above2"><b>W.A.</b> See <a href="#lafflin">Lafflin and Rand</a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>WALLONITE.</b>&mdash;A Belgian blasting and coal-mine explosive&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">II.&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">III.&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">90</td> <td class="tdr">70&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">70&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">20&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">25&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitrated resin</td> <td class="tdr">10</td> <td class="tdr">10&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">5&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Charge limite</td> <td class="tdr"><br />50</td> <td class="tdr"><br />&ensp;&nbsp;125</td> <td class="tdr"><br />&ensp;&nbsp;600 g.<br /></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>*WALSRODE SHOT-GUN POWDER</b> was
-a gelatinised 28-grain dense powder, which the German makers
-endeavoured to introduce into England in the ’nineties, but it gave
-high pressures. A powder of this name is still used in Germany,
-however, but it is a 35-grain powder in the form of small grains,
-greyish white and greyish green in colour.</p>
-
-<p><b>WALSRODE SICHERHEITS-SPRENGSTOFF</b> is a German coal-mine
-explosive containing ammonium nitrate, trinitro-toluene, flour, and a
-little guncotton and sometimes sodium chloride.</p>
-
-<p>Wetter-Walsrode is also an ammonium nitrate explosive. It contains
-no guncotton but may contain potassium nitrate, sodium chloride,
-naphthalene, and various other substances.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[Pg 102]</a></span></p>
-
-<p><a name="westfalite"></a><b>WESTFALITE</b> is a coal-mine explosive which is
-made in Germany and England. The German explosives vary much in composition,
-and some of them are intended for ordinary blasting. Some of those recently
-introduced contain up to 10 per cent. of potassium perchlorate.
-Originally Westfalite was made by milling ammonium nitrate with an
-alcoholic solution of gum lac, but later the use of the gum was abandoned.</p>
-
-<p>British Westfalite, Ltd., had two mixtures on the old Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">No. 1.</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;No. 2.&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">95</td> <td class="tdc">91</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdc">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdc">4</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Resin</td> <td class="tdc">5</td> <td class="tdc">5</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p>That formerly on the Permitted List differed considerably from the above&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">Westfalite No. 3.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Permit</i></td> <td class="tdc">1-9-13</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdc">60</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium nitrate</td> <td class="tdc">14</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdc">&nbsp;5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium chloride&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">21</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Limit charge</td> <td class="tdc"><br />12 oz.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Power (swing of ballistic pendulum)&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdc">&nbsp;2·55”</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>WETTERDYNAMIT</b> is a name that has been given in
-Germany to various coal-mine explosives containing nitroglycerine.</p>
-
-<p><b>WETTER-DYNAMMON.</b> See <a href="#dynammon"><b>DYNAMMON</b></a>.</p>
-
-<p><b>*WETTEREN.</b>&mdash;A gelatinised rifle smokeless powder made by the
-Cooppal Co. of Belgium. The following analyses were given in “Arms and Explosives,” 1917, p. 91&mdash;
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[Pg 103]</a></span></p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&emsp;<i>Date of Sample</i></td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;1892</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;1893</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitrocellulose, insoluble</td> <td class="tdr">16·0</td> <td class="tdr">57·3</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdr">”&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;soluble</td> <td class="tdr">46·2</td> <td class="tdr">37·6</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Nitroglycerine</td> <td class="tdr">27·3</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Shellac</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td> <td class="tdr">3·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Charcoal</td> <td class="tdr">9·0</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Moisture</td> <td class="tdr">1·5</td> <td class="tdr">1·6</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>WHITE GUNPOWDER</b> is a mixture of&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Potassium chlorate</td> <td class="tdr">&ensp;&nbsp;50</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Potassium ferrocyanide</td> <td class="tdr">25</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sugar</td> <td class="tdr">25</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="no-indent">It is not produced commercially, and, indeed,
-is too sensitive, but it is sometimes made in the laboratory. It has
-also been called Angendre’s powder, White German powder, American
-powder, and Baron and Cauvet’s powder.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>WILHELMIT</b> is a German blasting explosive of the
-<a href="#cheddite">Cheddite</a> type. It consists of sodium or potassium chlorate
-hydrocarbon oil with a flash point not below 30° C., and carbohydrates. For use in
-coal mines neutral salts are added. It was introduced during the War.</p>
-
-<p><b>WITHNELL POWDER.</b>&mdash;A coal-mine explosive of the <a href="#grisounite">Grisounite</a>
-type made by the Lancashire Explosives Co., which was on the old Permitted List&mdash;</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">89·5</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">5&ensp;&nbsp;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Flour</td> <td class="tdr">5·5</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above1"><b>WITTENBERGER WETTERDYNAMIT.</b> See <a href="#salit"><b>SALIT</b></a>.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above2"><a name="xpdite"></a><b>XPDITE</b> is an American coal-mine explosive on
-the Permissible List. It is made by the Hercules Powder Co., and contains nitroglycerine.</p>
-
-<p class="space-above2"><b>YONCKITE.</b>&mdash;A Belgian ammonium perchlorate explosive.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[Pg 104]</a></span>
- The composition has been varied somewhat, and one formula, No. 10, is on
-the list of Explosifs S.G.P., and consequently is permitted for use
-in Belgian coal mines. No. 1 is a more powerful explosive used for
-general blasting.</p>
-
-<table class="left_mar" border="0" cellspacing="2" summary="_" cellpadding="0">
- <tbody><tr>
- <td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">No. 10.</td> <td class="tdr">I.</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium perchlorate&emsp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">25&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&emsp;&nbsp;20</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Ammonium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">30&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">27</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">15&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">27</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Barium nitrate</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">6</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Trinitro-toluene</td> <td class="tdr">10&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">20</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl">Sodium chloride</td> <td class="tdr">20&ensp;&nbsp;</td> <td class="tdr">&mdash;</td>
- </tr><tr> <td class="tdl"><br />Charge limite</td> <td class="tdr"><br />900 g.</td> <td class="tdr"><br />&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p class="space-above2"><a name="zeltit"></a><b>ZELTIT.</b> See <a href="#celtite">Celtite</a>.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[Pg 105]</a></span></p>
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<h2>INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS</h2>
-</div>
-<p class="no-indent">
-Acid, Nitric.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Hellhofite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Sprengel Explosives.<br />
-
-Acid, Picric. <i>See</i> Picric Acid.<br />
-
-Agar.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Amasite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Troisdorf Smokeless Powder.<br />
-
-Albumen.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Plessit.<br />
-
-Alcohol, Amyl.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;B.<br />
-
-Alum, Chromium Ammonium.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Chromamonit.<br />
-
-Aluminium.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Alsilite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Alumatol.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ammonal.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Donarit A.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Echo.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Lignosit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Perrumpit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;St. Helen’s Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Telsit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Thermit.<br />
-
-Ammonium Nitrate, Chloride, etc. <i>See</i> Nitrate, Chloride, etc.<br />
-
-Ammonium Nitrocresol-sulphonate.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[Pg 106]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Raschit.<br />
-
-Amyl Alcohol.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;B.<br />
-
-Aniline.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Filite.<br />
-
-Aniline Hydrochloride.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Progressit.<br />
-
-Antimony Sulphide.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Flobert Ammunition.<br />
-
-Aromatic Nitro-compounds. <i>See</i> Nitro-compounds.<br />
-<br />
-Barium Nitrate, etc. <i>See</i> Nitrate, etc.<br />
-
-Bark.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cahuecit.<br />
-
-Bauxite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Lignosit.<br />
-
-Bicarbonate, Sodium.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;C. S. P.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Tutol.<br />
-
-Bichromate, Ammonium.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;J.<br />
-
-Bichromate, Potassium.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ammonal.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dahmenite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;J.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Petroklastit.<br />
-
-Bisulphide, Carbon.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Panclastite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Sprengel Explosives.<br />
-
-Borax.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Haylite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rippite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Samsonite.<br />
-
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[Pg 107]</a></span>
-Bran.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Forcite.<br />
-
-Briquette Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Loewenpulver.<br />
-<br />
-Calcium Silicide<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Sabulite.<br />
-
-Camphor.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;E. C. Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Herculite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;M.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rottweil Smokeless Powder.<br />
-
-Carbohydrates. <i>See also</i> Cellulose, Flour, Starch,<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;Vegetable Meal, Wood Meal.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Albit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Alkalsit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Chloratzite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Foerdit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gesilit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Tunnelit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Wilhelmit.<br />
-
-Carbon Bisulphide.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Panclastite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Sprengel Explosives.<br />
-
-Carbonaceous Substances.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Nobelit.<br />
-
-Carbonate, Calcium.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Blasting Gelatine.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cambrite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Carbonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Clydite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dynamite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gelatine Dynamite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gelignite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kynite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pit-ite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Russelite.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[Pg 108]</a></span>
-
-Carbonate, Magnesium. <i>See also</i> Magnesite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Blasting Gelatine.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dynobel.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gelatine Dynamite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Monobel.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Oaklite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Stomonal.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Thames Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Viking Powder.<br />
-
-Carbonate, Sodium.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Britonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Carbonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Clydite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Forcite Antigrisouteuse.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Lignosit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Minite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pit-ite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rhexit.<br />
-
-Cellulose.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Antigel.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Colinit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Flammivore.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Grisoutite.<br />
-
-Cellulose Residue.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Raschit.<br />
-
-Chalk, French.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Nitro-Densite.<br />
-
-Charcoal.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Amide Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ammonal.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ammoniakkrut.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ammonpulver.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Neu Anagon.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Aphosite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Astralit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bavarit.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[Pg 109]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Black Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bobbinite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bomlit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cannonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Denaby Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Detonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dragonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Fulmenit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Hebler Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Lithofracteur.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;M.B. Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Monachit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Normanite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Perchlorit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Praeposit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pulvérin.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rhenanit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Smokeless Diamond.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Virite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Wetteren.<br />
-
-Charcoal, Cork.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Carbo-Dynamite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Oxyliquit.<br />
-
-Charcoal, Curcuma.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Titanite.<br />
-
-Charcoal, Red.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dynammon.<br />
-
-Charcoal, Straw.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cocoa Powder.<br />
-
-Chlorate, Potassium.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Albit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Alkalsit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Barbarit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cheddite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Chloratzite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Flobert Ammunition.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[Pg 110]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Hassia-Chlorat.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Himalayite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kinetit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kiwit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Koronit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;L. C. Pulver.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Mercurit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Miedziankit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Mitchellite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Naphthalit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;O.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Petrolit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pierrite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Plessit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Prométhée.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rack-a-Rock.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rivalit (Chlorat-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Sebomite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Silesia.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Sprengel Explosives.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Steelite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Vigorite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;White Gunpowder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Wilhelmit.<br />
-
-Chlorate, Sodium.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Albit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Alkalsit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cheddite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kiwit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Koronit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;O.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Wilhelmit.<br />
-
-Chloride, Ammonium.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Anchorite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cornil.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Curtisite (Super-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Denaby Powder.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[Pg 111]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Densite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dreadnought Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Essex Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Excellite (Super-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Expedite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Faversham Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Favier Explosive.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Fortex (New).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Fractorite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Fumyl.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kentite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Mersey Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Romperit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Sabulite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Westfalite.<br />
-
-Chloride, Potassium.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ammonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Astralit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cambrite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Carbonite (Ammon-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dahmenite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dominite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dynamit (Gallerte-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Elsagit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Foerdit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gehlingerit (Wetter-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Monachit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Monobel.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Naphthalit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Nationalite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Nobelit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pannonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rippite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Samsonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Victor Powder.<br />
-
-Chloride, Sodium.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Abbcite.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[Pg 112]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Abelite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Alsilite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ammonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Astralit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bellite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Britonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Carbonite (Ammon-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cliffite (Super-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cosilit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dahmenite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Donarit (Wetter-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dorfit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dreadnought Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Du Pont Permissible.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dynobel.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Elsagit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Excellite (Super-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Favier Explosives.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Foerdit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Fulmenit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gehlingerit (Wetter-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gesilit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Glueckauf.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Haylite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kiwit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Koronit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Leonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Lignosit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Miedziankit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Monarkite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Monobel.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Naphthalit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Nationalite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Negro Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Nobelit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Orkanit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pannonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Permon Powder.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[Pg 113]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Perrumpit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pfalzit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Plessit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pulvérite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rex Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rhenanit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Roburite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Romperit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Salit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Samsonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Seamex.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Siegenit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Silesia.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Stomonal.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Syndite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Thames Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Tremonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Tutol.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Victor Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Viking Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Walsrode Sicherheits-Sprengstoff.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Yonckite.<br />
-
-Chlor-Naphthalenes.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Amvis.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Roburite.<br />
-
-Chromate, Lead.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cornil.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Halakite.<br />
-
-Chromium Ammonium Alum.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Chromamonit.<br />
-
-Coal.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Alkalsit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ammoniakkrut.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Carbonite (Ammon-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Judson Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Koronit.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[Pg 114]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Lithofracteur.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Loewenpulver.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Sprengsalpeter.<br />
-
-Coke.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dahmenit.<br />
-
-Collodion Cotton. <i>See</i> Nitro-cotton.<br />
-
-Copper Nitrate Ammonia.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Glueckauf.<br />
-
-Copper Nitrate Aniline.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Anilit.<br />
-
-Copper Sulphate Aniline.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Anilit.<br />
-
-Cork Charcoal. <i>See</i> Charcoal.<br />
-
-Cresylate, Ammonium.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;C.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ecrasite.<br />
-
-Curcuma Meal.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dahmenit.<br />
-
-Curcuma Charcoal.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Titanite.<br />
-<br />
-Dextrin.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dynamit (Sicherheits-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Flammivore.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Foerdit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gesilit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pannonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Salit.<br />
-
-Dimethyl-diphenyl-urea.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Centralite.<br />
-
-Dinitro-acetin.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[Pg 115]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Vender.<br />
-
-Dinitro-benzene.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Abelite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Amvis.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bellite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cannonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dahmenit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Denaby Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dynobel.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gathurst Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Glueckauf.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Good Luck.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Granatfuellung.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Hellhofite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Odite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Roburite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Securite.<br />
-
-Dinitro-chlorhydrin.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Astralit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Donarit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Helit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Perilit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Prosperit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Tunnelit.<br />
-
-Dinitro-glycerine.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dahmenite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Tremonit.<br />
-
-Dinitro-glycol.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gelignite.<br />
-
-Dinitro-naphthalene.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ammonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Astralit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cornil.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Favier Explosives.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Fractorite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kiwit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Minolite.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[Pg 116]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Schneiderite.<br />
-
-Dinitro-phenol.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Shellite.<br />
-
-Dinitro-toluene.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Abbcite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ajax Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Antigel.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Astralit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Blastine.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cheddite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Densite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dominit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dynobel.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Erin Gelignite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Excellite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Flammivore.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gelignite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gesilit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Halalite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kiwit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kynarkite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Leonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Nationalite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Neonal.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Perdit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Salit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Siegenit.<br />
-
-Diphenylamine.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;B.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Filite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Foerdit (Ammon-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;N. C. T.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rottweil Smokeless Powder.<br />
-<br />
-Fat. <i>See also</i> Tallow.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Aerolit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Thornit.<br />
-
-Fat, Vegetable.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[Pg 117]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Thornit.<br />
-
-Fatty Acid Salt.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dynamit (Wettersicheres-).<br />
-
-Ferrocyanide, Potassium.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cannonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;White Gunpowder.<br />
-
-Ferro-Silicon.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Echo.<br />
-
-Ferro-Silicon-Aluminium.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Alsilite.<br />
-
-Flour. <i>See also</i> Meal.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Alkalsit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Carbonite (Ammon-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Colinit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dorfit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dynamit (Wettersicheres-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Foerdit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Fractorite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gehlingerit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Helagon.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Helit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Minite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Monachit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Naphthalit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Perilit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pulvérite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Roburite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Romperit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Securophore.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Siegenit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Teutonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Walsrode Sicherheits-Sf.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Withnell Powder.<br />
-
-Flour, Pea.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gesilit.<br />
-
-Flour, Roasted.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[Pg 118]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Aetna Powder.<br />
-
-Flour, Rye.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Donarit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Flammivore.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Forcite Antigrisouteuse.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Tremonit.<br />
-
-Flour, Wheat.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Essex Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ligdyn.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Seamex.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Stomonal.<br />
-
-French Chalk.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Nitro-Densite.<br />
-
-Fulminate, Mercury.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Flobert Ammunition.<br />
-<br />
-Gelatine.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dynamit (Wettersicheres-).<br />
-
-Glycerine.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dominit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dynamit (Sicherheits-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Foerdit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Halakite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pannonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Permon Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Plastammon.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Romperit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Syndite.<br />
-
-Graphite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Negro Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Nitrokol.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Perrumpit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;T.<br />
-
-Gum.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dorfit (Per-).<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[Pg 119]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;T.<br />
-
-Gum Lac.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Westfalite.<br />
-
-Guncotton.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Axite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bomlit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cordite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;C. P.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;C. S. P.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Fulmenit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Indurite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kiwit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Lafflin and Rand.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;S.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Sengite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;T.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Tonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Walsrode Sicherheits-Sprengstoff.<br />
-<br />
-Hexanitro-diphenylamine.<br />
-Hexanitro-diphenyl Sulphide.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Granatfuellung.<br />
-
-Hipposin.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Praeposit.<br />
-
-Hydrocarbons. <i>See also</i> Mineral Jelly, Vaseline,<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;Naphthalene, Oils, Paraffin Wax and Turpentine.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Alkalsit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Astralit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bomlit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dynamit (Wettersicheres-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Koronit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Naphthalit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Persalit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Prométhée.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rack-a-Rock.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rexol.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Sprengel Explosives.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[Pg 120]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Wilhelmit.<br />
-<br />
-Inert Substances.&nbsp; <i>See also</i> Chlorides, Neutral Substances, Oxalates, etc.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Koronit.<br />
-
-Iron Oxide.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rack-a-Rock.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Thermit.<br />
-
-Ivory, Vegetable.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Meganit.<br />
-<br />
-Kerosine. <i>See</i> Oil, Kerosine.<br />
-
-Kieselguhr.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dynamite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Giant Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Lithofracteur.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Oxyliquit.<br />
-<br />
-Lac. <i>See</i> Gum Lac, Shellac.<br />
-<br />
-Lampblack.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cahuecit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cannonite.<br />
-
-Lead Nitrate, Chromate. <i>See</i> Nitrate, Chromate.<br />
-<br />
-Magnesia.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Forcite.<br />
-
-Magnesite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Romperit.<br />
-
-Magnesium.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ophorite.<br />
-
-Magnesium Carbonate. <i>See</i> Carbonate.<br />
-
-Manganese Dioxide. <i>See</i> Oxide.<br />
-
-Meal, Curcuma.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dahmenite.<br />
-
-Meal, Potato.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Astralit.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[Pg 121]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Helagon.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Helit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Permon Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Romperit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Teutonit.<br />
-
-Meal, Sago.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Aerolit.<br />
-
-Meal, Vegetable. <i>See also</i> Flour, Starch, Wood Meal, etc.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Albit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Astralit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cahuecit (Ammon-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cosilit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dahmenite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Detonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dominit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Donarit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dorfit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dynamit (Sicherheits-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Elsagit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Foerder Sicherheits-Sprengstoff.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Foerdit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Fulmenit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Glueckauf.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Halalite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Hammonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kiwit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Koronit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Leonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Monachit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Perchlorit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Perrumpit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Persalit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pfalzit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Prosperit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rhenanit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rivalit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Thornit.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[Pg 122]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Tremonit.<br />
-
-Mercury Fulminate.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Flobert Ammunition.<br />
-
-Mineral Jelly. <i>See also</i> Vaseline.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Axite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ballistite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;C. S. P.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cordite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gelatine Dynamite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Haylite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Moddite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Monarkite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Solenite.<br />
-
-Myrobalans.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Amasite.<br />
-
-Naphthalene.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bomlit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dahmenite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kiwit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Koronit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Naphthalit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rhenanit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Walsrode Sicherheits-Sprengstoff.<br />
-
-Neutral Substances. <i>See also</i> Inert Substances and Salts.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Helagon.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Helit.<br />
-
-Nitrate, Ammonium.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Abbcite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Abelite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Aerolit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Aetna Coal Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Alkalsit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Alsilite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Alumatol.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Amatol.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Amatoxol.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Amide Powder.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[Pg 123]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Ammonal.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ammoniakkrut.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ammonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ammonpulver.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Amvis.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Neu Anagon.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Anchorite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Anilit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Aphosite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Astralit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Baelenite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bautzener Sicherheits-pulver.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bavarit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bellite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bental Coal Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bituminite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Black Diamond.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bomlit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;C.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cahuecit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cameron Mine Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Carbonite (Ammon-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Chromamonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cilferite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cliffite (Super-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Coalite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Colinit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Collier Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cornil.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cronite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cugnite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Curtisite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dahmenite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Denaby Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Densite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Detonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Detonite Special.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dominit.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[Pg 124]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Donarite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dorfit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dreadnought Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Du Pont Permissible.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dynamite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dynammon.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dynobel.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Echo.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Electronite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Elsagit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Excellite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Expedite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Extra Dynamite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Faversham Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Favier Explosives.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Flammivore.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Foerder Sicherheitssprengstoff.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Foerdit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Forcite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Fortex.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Fractorite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Fuel-ite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Fuellpulver.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Fulmenit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gathurst Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gehlingerit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gelatiné a l’Ammoniaque.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gesilit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Giant Coal Mine Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Giant Powder (Extra).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Glueckauf.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Good Luck.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Grisoutine.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Guardian.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Halalite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Hammonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Haylite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Hebler Powder.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[Pg 125]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Hecla No. 2.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kanite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kentite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Leonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Lignosit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Lowinite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Luxit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Melling Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Mersey Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Miner’s Friend.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Minite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Min-ite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Minolite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Monachit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Monarkite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Monobel.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Monobel Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Nationalite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Negro Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Nitrolit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Nobel Ammonia Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Nobelit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Oakley Quarry Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Oaklite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Odite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pannonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pastanil.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Perchlorit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Perdit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Permon Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Permonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Perrumpit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Persalit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pfalzit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Picramite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pitsea Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pniowit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Progressit.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[Pg 126]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Prosperit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pulvérite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Raschit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Red H.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rex Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rexite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rhenanit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rivalit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Roburite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Romperit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Sabulite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;St. Helen’s Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Salit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Schlesit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Schneiderite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Seamex.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Securite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Siegenit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Stanford Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Stomonal.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Sunderite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Superite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Syndite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Telsit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Teutonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Thames Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Thornit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Titanite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Tremonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Tunnelit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Tunnelite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Uplees Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Vender.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Victor Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Viking Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Virite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Wallonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Walsrode Sicherheits-Sprengstoff.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[Pg 127]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Westfalite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Withnell Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Yonckite.<br />
-
-Nitrate, Barium.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Amberite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Baratol.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bautzener Sicherheits-Sprengstoff.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cambrite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cannonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Carbonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Clydite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Denaby Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Electronite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Flammivore.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Forcite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gelignite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Halakite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Haylite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kolax.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kynarkite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kynite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;M.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Nitro-Densite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pit-ite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;S.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Tonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Tutol.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Yonckite.<br />
-
-Nitrate, Lead.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Halakite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Macarite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Minolite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Triplastit.<br />
-
-Nitrate, Potassium.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Aerolit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Albionite.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[Pg 128]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Amberite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Amide Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Aphosite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Arkite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Astralit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Axite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Black Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bobbinite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bomlit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Britonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Brugère’s Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cahuecit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cambrite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cannonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Carbite d’Ablon.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Carbonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Celtite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Chromamonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cocoa Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cornil.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cornish Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Curtisite (Super-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dahmenite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Denaby Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Densite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dominit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dorfit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dragonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dynamite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dynammon.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Elsagit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Essex Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Excellite (Super-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Expedite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Faversham Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Favier Explosives.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Flammivore.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Forcite.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[Pg 129]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Fortex (New).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Fracturite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gelatine Dynamite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gelignite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Giant Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Glueckauf.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Grisoutine.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Hammonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Haylite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Hebler Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Herculite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kent Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kentite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kinetit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kolax.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kynarkite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Lignosit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Loewenpulver.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;M.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;M.B.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Minite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Monachit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Normanite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Oaklite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Perilit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Petroklastit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Phœnix Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pit-ite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pitsea Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Plastammon.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Praeposit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pulvérin.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rippite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Roburite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Romperit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Russelite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;S.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Sabulite.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[Pg 130]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Samsonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Saxonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Sheppey Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Stonax.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Stow-ite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Superite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Swalite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;T.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Thames Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Tutol.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Virite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Walsrode Sicherheits-Sprengstoff.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Westfalite.<br />
-
-Nitrate, Sodium.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Aetna Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Alkalsit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Amasite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ammonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Anchorite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Antigel.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Astralit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Blastine.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bomlit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Britonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;C.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cahuecit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cornil.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cosilit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cugnite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dahmenit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Densite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Donarit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dorfit (Per-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Duxite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Elsagit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Forcite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Fractorite.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[Pg 131]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Gelignite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gesilit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Giant Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Glueckauf.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Halalite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Hammonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Haylite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Judson Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Leonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ligdyn.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Loewenpulver.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Meganit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Melanite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Melling Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Mersey Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Minolite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Monarkite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Nobel Gelignite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Permon Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Perrumpit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Persalit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Petroklastit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pfalzit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Praeposit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Raschit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rexite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rhexit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Samsonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Sengite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Sprengsalpeter.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Stomonal.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Syndite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Telsit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Terris.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Tonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Tunnelit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Tutol.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Wallonite.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[Pg 132]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Yonckite.<br />
-
-Nitrate, Strontium.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Densite.<br />
-
-Nitrates.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Alkalsit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cooppal’s Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Du Pont Smokeless Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dynamite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;E. C. Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Eley Smokeless Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Empire Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Felixite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Foerdit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gesilit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Helagon.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Helit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Henrite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Koronit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;K. S.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Lithofracteur.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Neonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;New Explosives Company’s Smokeless Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Nobelit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Perilit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Plastomenit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Red Star.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Romperit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rottweil Smokeless Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ruby Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Schlesit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Schultze Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Securophore.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Smokeless Diamond.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;S. R., S. S.<br />
-
-Nitric Acid. <i>See</i> Acid, Nitric.<br />
-
-Nitric Oxide.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Panclastite.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[Pg 133]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Sprengel Explosives.<br />
-
-Nitrobenzene.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Hellhofite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Indurite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kinetit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Panclastite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Prométhée.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rack-a-Rock.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Sprengel Explosives.<br />
-
-Nitro-bodies. <i>See</i> Nitro-compounds.<br />
-
-Nitro-cellulose. <i>See also</i> also Nitro-cotton.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Apyrite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cannonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cooppal’s Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Crystal.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Du Pont Smokeless Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Eley Smokeless Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Fulmen Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Henrite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ideal Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kinetit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;K. S.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Mischpulver.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Mullerite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Neonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;New Explosives Company’s Smokeless Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Nitrokol.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Normal Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;P.C. /88.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Plastomenit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Primrose Smokeless.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pyroxyline.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Red Star.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rifleite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rottweil Smokeless Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ruby Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Schultze Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;S. K., S. S., S. V.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[Pg 134]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Smokeless Diamond.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Troisdorf Smokeless Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Walsrode Shot-Gun Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Wetteren Powder.<br />
-
-Nitro-compounds. <i>See also</i> Di-, Tri-, Tetra-, Hexa-nitro-.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Alkalsit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Astralit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cahuecit (Ammon-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Chloratzite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dominit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Donarit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Elsagit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Felixite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Foerder Sicherheits-Sprengstoff.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Foerdit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Halalit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Hammonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Helagon.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Helit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Henrite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Koronit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;K. S.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Leonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Lignosit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Peragon.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Perchlorit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Perilit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Persalit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Petrolit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Plastammon.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Polarite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Prosperit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Red Star.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rhenanit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rifleite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rivalit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Romperit.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[Pg 135]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Ruby Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Schlesit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Sebomite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;S. S.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Stanford Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Stonax.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Teutonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Tonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Tremonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Uplees Powder.<br />
-
-Nitro-cotton (including Collodion Cotton).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;<i>See also</i> Guncotton and Nitro-cellulose.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ajax Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Albionite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Alkalsit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Amberite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Arkite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Astralit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;B.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ballistite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Blasting Gelatine.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bomlit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cahuecit (Ammon-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Carbonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Celtite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Chromamonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Clermonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cliffite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Colinit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cornish Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;C. P.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cugnite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dahmenite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Denaby Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Detonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dominite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Donarit.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[Pg 136]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Dragonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Duxite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dynamite (Gelatine).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dynobel.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;E. C. Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Echo.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Elsagit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Empire Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Essex Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Excellite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Felixite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Filite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Flammivore.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Foerder Sicherheitssprengstoff.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Foerdit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Forcite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Fracturite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gelatiné a l’Ammoniaque.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gelatine Dynamite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gelignite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gesilit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Giant Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Grisoutine.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Halalite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Haylite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Herculite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Hudson’s Explosive.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;J.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kolax (Super-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Koronit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Leonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Lignosit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;M.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Melanite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Moddite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Monachit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Monarkite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Mullerite.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[Pg 137]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Naphthalit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;N. C. T.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Neonal.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Nitrolit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Nobelit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Normanite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Oaklite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pannonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Permon Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Permonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pfalzit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Phœnix Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Plastrotyl.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Polarite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Prosperit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pulverite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pyrocollodion.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rhenanit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rippite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rivalit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Romperit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Russelite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;S.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Salit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Samsonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Saxonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Schlesit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Solenite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Stonax.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Stowite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Swale Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Swalite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Syndite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Telsit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Territ.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Tremonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Triplastit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Tunnelit.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[Pg 138]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Vender.<br />
-
-Nitroglycerine.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Abbcite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Aetna Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Aetna Coal Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ajax Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Albionite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Albit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Amberite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ammoniakkrut.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Antigel.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Arkite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Astralit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Axite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ballistite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bituminite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Black Diamond.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Blasting Gelatine.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Britonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cambrite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cameron Mine Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Carbite d’Ablon.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Carbo-dynamite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Carbonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Celtite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cliffite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Clydite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Coalite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Coal Special.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Colinit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Collier Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cordite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cornish Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cosilit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;C. S. P.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cugnite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Detonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dominite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Donarit.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[Pg 139]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Dragonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Du Pont Permissible.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Duxite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dynamite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dynobel.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Elsagit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Erin Gelignite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Essex Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Eureka.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Excellite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Filite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Flammivore.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Foerder Sicherheitssprengstoff.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Foerdit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Forcite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Fort Pitt Mine Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Fractorite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Fracturite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Fuel-ite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gehlingerit (Wetter-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gelatiné à l’Ammoniaque.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gelatine Dynamite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gelignite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gesilit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Giant Coal-Mine Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Giant Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Glonoine.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Grisoutine.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Grisoutite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Guardian.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Halalit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Hammonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Haylite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Hecla Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Herculite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Hudson’s Explosive.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Hygrade Coal Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Judson Powder.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[Pg 140]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Kent Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kolax.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Koronit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kynarkite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kynite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Lafflin and Rand.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ligdyn.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Lignosit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Lithofracteur.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Lomite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Meganit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Melanite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Melling Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Mersey Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Meteor.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Minite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Min-ite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Moddite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Monarkite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Monobel.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Monobel Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Naphthalit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Neonal.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Nitro-densite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Nitrolit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Nitro Low-Flame.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Nobel Ammonia Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Nobelit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Normanite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Oaklite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pannonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Perchlorit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Permon Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Permonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Persalit (Wetter-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Phœnix Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pit-ite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pitsea Powder.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[Pg 141]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Polarite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Prosperit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pulvérite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rex Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rexite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rhenanit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rhexit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rippite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rivalit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Romperit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Russelite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Salit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Samsonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Saxonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Schlesit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Seamex.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Securophore.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Sheppey Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Siegenit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Solenite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Stomonal.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Stonax.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Stow-ite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Sunderite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Superite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Swale Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Swalite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Syndite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Telsit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Thames Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Tremonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Tunnelit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Tunnelite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Tutol.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Velox Gelatine.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Victor Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Vigorite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Viking Powder.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[Pg 142]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Wetter-dynamit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Wetteren.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Xpdite.<br />
-
-Nitro-hydrocarbons. <i>See also</i> Nitrobenzene, Tinitro-toluene, etc.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Albit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Alkalsit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Carbonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cooppal’s Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Monachit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Naphthalit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;New Explosives Company’s Smokeless Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Persalit.<br />
-
-Nitro-mesytilenes.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Monachit.<br />
-
-Nitro-naphthalene.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Alkalsit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Astralit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Barking Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bavarit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cheddite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Curtisite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Favier Explosives.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pierrite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Sprengel Explosives.<br />
-
-Nitro-semi-cellulose.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Plastammon.<br />
-
-Nitro-starch.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Silesia.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Trojan Coal Powder.<br />
-
-Nitro-toluene.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Astralit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Erin Gelignite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Foerdit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Monobel.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Panclastite.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[Pg 143]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Pannonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Plastammon.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Red Cross.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Telsit.<br />
-
-Nitro-toluenes, Liquid.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Alkalsit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Barbarit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bomlit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Halalite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kiwit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Plastomenit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Plastrotyl.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Telsit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Territ.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Triplastit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Tunnelit.<br />
-
-Nitroxylene.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Monachit.<br />
-<br />
-Oil.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Albit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kiwit.<br />
-
-Oil, Castor.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bomlit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cheddite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Excellite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pierrite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rippite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Steelite.<br />
-
-Oil, Dead.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rack-a-Rock.<br />
-
-Oil, Drying.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Himalayite.<br />
-
-Oil, Fatty.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Astralit.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[Pg 144]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Elsagit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Glueckauf.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Koronit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Naphthalit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Perrumpit.<br />
-
-Oil, Hydrocarbon. <i>See also</i> Paraffins, etc.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Mercurit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Sprengel Explosives.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Wilhelmit.<br />
-
-Oil, Kerosine.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Miedziankit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Petrolit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Plessit.<br />
-
-Oil, Mineral.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rexol.<br />
-
-Oil, Paraffin.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Astralit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dominite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Fulmenit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Koronit.<br />
-
-Oil, Petroleum.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Barbarit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Oxyliquit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Sprengel Explosives.<br />
-
-Oil, Rape.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Astralit.<br />
-
-Oil, Red.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dreadnought Powder.<br />
-
-Oxalate, Ammonium.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ajax Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Albionite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Arkite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Astralit.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[Pg 145]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Britonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cambrite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Celtite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cheesa Sticks.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cliffite (Super-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Clydite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dominite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Duxite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dynamit (Wetter-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dynobel.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Excellite (Super-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Fractorite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Fracturite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Glueckauf.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Haylite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Herculite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kent Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kolax (Super-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kynarkite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Melling Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Minite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Monachit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Neonal.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Normanite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Perrumpit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pit-ite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pitsea Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rippite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Russelite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Samsonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Saxonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Sheppey Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Stomonal.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Stow-ite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Sunderite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Swale Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Swalite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Thames Powder.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[Pg 146]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Virite.<br />
-
-Oxalate, Copper.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Glueckauf.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Good Luck.<br />
-
-Oxalate, Potassium.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Nobelit.<br />
-
-Oxalates.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Astralit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Elsagit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Nobelit.<br />
-
-Oxide, Iron.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rack-a-Rock.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Thermit.<br />
-
-Oxide, Manganese.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Aerolit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Loewenpulver.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Prométhée.<br />
-
-Oxygen (Liquid).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Marsit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Oxyliquit.<br />
-<br />
-Paraffin. <i>See also</i> Oil, Paraffin and Hydrocarbons.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Favier Explosives.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Henrite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kiwit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Naphthalit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rivalit (Chlorat-).<br />
-
-Paraffin Wax. <i>See</i> Wax.<br />
-
-Perchlorate, Ammonium.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Alkalsit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Amasite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Barking Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Blastine.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Carlsonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kausolit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;M. B. Powder.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[Pg 147]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Rexol.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Territ.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Yonckite.<br />
-
-Perchlorate, Potassium.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ajax Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Alkalsit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bomlit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Chloratzite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Colinit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dominit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Donarit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dorfit (Per-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dynobel.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Halalite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Hammonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Helagon.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Helit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Herculite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Koronit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Leonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;M. B. Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Mercurit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Neonal.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ophorite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Peragon.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Perchlorit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Perdit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Perilit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Permonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Persalit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pniowit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Polarite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pulvérite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rhenanit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rivalit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Romperit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Samsonite.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[Pg 148]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Schlesit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Sonnit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Sunderite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Swale Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Tremonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Westfalite.<br />
-
-Perchlorate, Sodium.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Alkalsit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Hammonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Koronit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Leonit.<br />
-
-Perchlorates.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Mitchellite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Persalit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Roslin Giant Blasting Powder.<br />
-
-Permanganate, Potassium.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Roburite.<br />
-
-Picrate, Ammonium.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Brugère’s Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Picramite.<br />
-
-Picric Acid.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Crésylite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dunnite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Granatfuellung.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Lyddite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Mélinite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Picrol.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pierrite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Shellite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Sprengel Explosives.<br />
-
-Picryl Sulphide.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Granatfuellung.<br />
-
-Pitch, Coal Tar.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Petroklastit.<br />
-
-Potassium Chloride, Nitrate, etc. <i>See</i> Chloride, Nitrate, etc.<br />
-
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[Pg 149]</a></span>
-Potato Meal. <i>See</i> Meal, Potato.<br />
-<br />
-Quebracho.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Minolite.<br />
-<br />
-Resin.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Aerolit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cannonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Chloratzite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;E.C. Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Favier Explosives.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Giant Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Glueckauf.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Judson Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Normal Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Persalit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Plastrotyl.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rexol.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Romperit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Silesia.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Westfalite.<br />
-
-Resin, Oxidised.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Siegenit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Steelite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Wallonite.<br />
-<br />
-Salts, Hydrated.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Eureka.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Giant Coal-Mine Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Lomite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Meteor.<br />
-
-Salts, Inorganic. <i>See also</i> Chlorides, Sulphates, etc.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Albit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Koronit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Lafflin and Rand.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Monachit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Persalit.<br />
-
-Salts, Neutral.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cahuecit (Ammon-).<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[Pg 150]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Chloratzit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Detonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Foerder Sicherheitssprengstoff.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;H.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Hammonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Petrolit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Schlesit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Teutonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Wilhelmit.<br />
-
-Sawdust.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Herculite.<br />
-
-Shellac. <i>See also</i> Gum Lac.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cheesa Sticks.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cooppal’s Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Wetteren.<br />
-
-Silicide, Calcium.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Sabulite.<br />
-
-Soap.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Albit.<br />
-
-Sodium Chloride, Nitrate, etc. <i>See</i> Chloride, Nitrate.<br />
-
-Soot.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Marsit.<br />
-
-Starch.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Abelite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bellite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bobbinite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bomlit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Carbonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cliffite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cooppal’s Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Electronite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Excellite (Super-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Himalayite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kolax.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kynite.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[Pg 151]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Monarkite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Nitro-Densite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Permonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ruby Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Schlesit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;S.R.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Superite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Syndite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Thames Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Troisdorf Smokeless Powder.<br />
-
-Stearine.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cannonite.<br />
-
-Straw Charcoal.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cocoa Powder.<br />
-
-Strontium Nitrate.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Densite.<br />
-
-Sugar.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Anilit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Glueckauf.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;White Gunpowder.<br />
-
-Sulphate, Ammonium.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Antigel.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bobbinite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Flammivore.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Progressit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pulvérite.<br />
-
-Sulphate, Barium.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cugnite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Flammivore.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pulvérite.<br />
-
-Sulphate, Copper.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bobbinite.<br />
-
-Sulphate, Iron.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[Pg 152]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Cahuecit.<br />
-
-Sulphate, Magnesium.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Colinit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cornish Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Grisoutine.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Siegenit.<br />
-
-Sulphate, Sodium.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Grisoutine.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Raschit.<br />
-
-Sulphide, Antimony.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Flobert Ammunition.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kinetit.<br />
-
-Sulphonate, Ammonium Nitro-cresol-.<br />
-
-Sulphonate, Sodium Cresol-.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Raschit.<br />
-
-Sulphur.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Aerolit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Aphosite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Black Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bobbinite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cahuecit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cocoa Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dynamite (American).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Forcite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Giant Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Hebler Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Judson Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Lithofracteur.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Loewenpulver.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;M. B. Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Petroklastit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Praeposit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pulvérin.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Sprengsalpeter.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Virite.<br />
-
-Sulphuretted Benzol.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[Pg 153]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Carbonite.<br />
-<br />
-Tallow. <i>See also</i> Fat.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Sebomite.<br />
-
-Tar.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Forcite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Loewenpulver.<br />
-
-Tetranitro-methyl-aniline.<br />
-
-Tetryl.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Favier Explosives.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Fortex.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Oakley Quarry Powder.<br />
-
-Trinitro-anisole.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Granatfuellung.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Nitrolit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Stabilite.<br />
-
-Trinitro-cresol.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Crésilite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Mélinite.<br />
-
-Trinitro-cresylate, Ammonium.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ecrasit.<br />
-
-Trinitro-naphthalene.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ammonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cahuecit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Favier Explosives.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Minolite.<br />
-
-Trinitro-phenol. <i>See</i> Picric Acid.<br />
-
-Trinitro-phenyl-methyl-nitramine. <a href="#tetryl"><i>See</i> Tetryl</a>.<br />
-
-Trinitro-toluene.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Abelite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ajax Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Alkalsist.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Alsilite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Alumatol.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Amatol.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Amatoxol.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[Pg 154]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Ammonal.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ammonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Anchorite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Astralit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Azurite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Baelenite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Baratol.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Barbarit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bautzener Sicherheits-pulver.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bellite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bomlit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cahuecit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cannonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Colinit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Curtisite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dahmenite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Denaby Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Densite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Donarit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dorfit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dreadnought Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dynobel.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Echo.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Elsagit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Expedite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Faversham Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Fuellpulver.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Fulmenit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Fumyl.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gehlingerit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gelignite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Granatfuellung.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Grisoutine.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Halalite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Haylite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kentite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Leonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Lignosit.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[Pg 155]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Luxit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Macarite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Melling Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Mersey Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Minite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Minolite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Nationalite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Negro Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Neonal.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;P. C. /88.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Permonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Perrumpit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Persalit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pfalzit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pniowit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pulvérite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rexite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Roburite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Romperit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Russelite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Sabulite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;St. Helen’s Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Swale Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Titanite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;T. N. T.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Tolite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Toxol.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Tremonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Trinol.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Trotyl.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Tunnelit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Walsrode Sicherheits-Sprengstoff.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Westfalite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Withnell Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Yonckite.<br />
-
-Trinitro-xylene.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Amatoxol.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[Pg 156]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Toxol.<br />
-
-Turmeric.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Good Luck.<br />
-
-Turpentine.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Plastrotyl.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Prométhée.<br />
-<br />
-Vaseline. <i>See also</i> Mineral Jelly.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Amberite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bomlit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cannonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Chromamonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dragonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;E. C. Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Empire Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Felixite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kiwit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;K. S.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Neonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;New Explosives Co.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Red Star.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Schultze Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Smokeless Diamond.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;S. S.<br />
-
-Vegetable Meal. <i>See</i> Meal, Vegetable.<br />
-
-Vegetable Ivory.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Meganit.<br />
-<br />
-Wax, Paraffin. <i>See also</i> Paraffin.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Blastine.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Bobbinite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cheddite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Mélinite.<br />
-
-Wood Meal and Wood Pulp.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Abbcite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Aetna Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ajax Powder.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[Pg 157]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Albionite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Alkalsit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Amvis.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Antigel.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Aphosite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Arkite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Astralit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Britonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cahuecit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cambrite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Carbite d’Ablon.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Carbonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Celtite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cilferite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cliffite (Super-).<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Clydite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cornish Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Cugnite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dominite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dragonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Du Pont Permissible.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Duxite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dynamite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Dynobel.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Electronite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Excellite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Forcite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Fracturite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gelatine Dynamite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Gelignite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Giant Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Grisoutine.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Halalite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Haylite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Herculite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kent Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kolax.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Kynarkite.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[Pg 158]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Kynite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Leonit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Ligdyn.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Lignosit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Loewenpulver.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Luxit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Meganit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Melling Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Mersey Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Monobel.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Monobel Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Neonal.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Nitro-Densite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Nobel Ammonia Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Normanite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Oaklite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Perdit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Permonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Phœnix Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pit-ite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pitsea Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Pniowit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Polarite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rex Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rexite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rhexit.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rippite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Russelite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Samsonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Saxonite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Sheppey Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Stomonal.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Stonax.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Stowite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Sunderite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Swale Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Swalite.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Thames Powder.<br />
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[Pg 159]</a></span>
-&emsp;&emsp;Tutol.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Victor Powder.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Viking Powder.<br />
-<br />
-Zinc.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Rexol.<br />
-<br />
-Zinc Aluminium Alloy.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Neu Anagon.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Helagon.<br />
-&emsp;&emsp;Peragon.<br />
-</p>
-<hr class="chap" />
-
-<p class="center space-above2 space-below2"><span class="smcap">Printed in Great Britain by</span><br />
-<span class="smcap">Richard Clay &amp; Sons, Limited,</span><br />
-<span class="smcap">brunswick st., stamford st., s.e. 1,</span><br />
-<span class="smcap">and bungay, suffolk.</span></p>
-
-<div class="footnotes">
-<p class=" f150 u"><b>Footnotes</b></p>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p>
-<a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1">
-<span class="label">[1]</span></a>
-Including not more than 2 per cent. of magnesium carbonate.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p>
-<a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2">
-<span class="label">[2]</span></a>
-Including not more than 2 per cent. of magnesium carbonate.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p>
-<a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3">
-<span class="label">[3]</span></a>
-Including not more than 2 per cent. of magnesium carbonate.</p></div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="transnote bbox space-above2">
-<p class="f120 space-above1">Transcriber Notes:</p>
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>The cover design is by the transcriber and is in the public domain.</p>
-<p>For the maximum allowable charge, the author uses the term "Charge limite" for
-explosives from Belgium. For all other countries he uses the term "Charge limit".
-This has been preserved in this version.</p>
-<p>Hyphenation in the original is inconsistent. This has been preserved in this version.</p>
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<pre>
-
-
-
-
-
-End of Project Gutenberg's Dictionary of Explosives, by Arthur Marshall
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