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diff --git a/old/50422-0.txt b/old/50422-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 3294a0b..0000000 --- a/old/50422-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17831 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of History of the Thirty-sixth Regiment -Massachusetts Volunteers. 1862-1865, by Henry S. Burrage and Alonzo A. White and S. Alonzo Ranlett and William H. Hodgkins and Edmund W. Noyes - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: History of the Thirty-sixth Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers. 1862-1865 - -Author: Henry S. Burrage - Alonzo A. White - S. Alonzo Ranlett - William H. Hodgkins - Edmund W. Noyes - -Release Date: November 10, 2015 [EBook #50422] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORY 36TH REGIMENT MASSACHUSETTS *** - - - - -Produced by Richard Tonsing, The Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - - - - - - - - - - HISTORY - - OF THE - - THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT - - MASSACHUSETTS VOLUNTEERS. - - 1862-1865. - - - _BY A COMMITTEE OF THE REGIMENT._ - - BOSTON: - PRESS OF ROCKWELL AND CHURCHILL. - 89 ARCH STREET. - 1884. - - TO - - Our Comrades - - OF THE - - _THIRTY-SIXTH MASSACHUSETTS VOLUNTEERS_ - - THIS RECORD OF A COMMON EXPERIENCE - - IS - - _AFFECTIONATELY INSCRIBED_. - - _Ah, never shall the land forget_ - _How gushed the life-blood of her brave,--_ - _Gushed, warm with hope and courage yet,--_ - _Upon the soil they sought to save._ - - _Now all is calm, and fresh, and still;_ - _Alone the chirp of flitting bird,_ - _And talk of children on the hill,_ - _And bell of wand'ring kine, are heard._ - - _No solemn host goes trailing by,_ - _The black-mouthed gun and stag'ring wain;_ - _Men start not at the battle-cry;_ - _Oh, be it never heard again!_ - - --WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT. - - - - -PREFACE. - - -Not long after the close of the war a plan was proposed, by some of -the officers of the regiment, for the preparation of a history of the -Thirty-sixth Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteers; but the plan was -not carried into execution. At the regimental reunions, in subsequent -years, parts of such a history were read by Comrades White, Ranlett, -and Hodgkins, and the desire for a complete history of the regiment, -which found expression on these occasions, was so strong that, at the -reunion of the regiment at Worcester, in September, 1876, a committee, -consisting of Comrades White, Ranlett, Burrage, and Hodgkins, was -appointed to procure materials for a history of the regiment. - -Some progress was made by the committee in the performance of the -work thus assigned to them; but it was not so great as they, or their -comrades of the Thirty-sixth, desired. At the reunion, September 2, -1879, the matter was again considered, and it was finally voted, "that -Comrades White, Ranlett, Hodgkins, Burrage, and Noyes, be chosen a -committee to have charge of the compiling, revising, and printing the -history of the regiment, to be ready for delivery at our next reunion; -and that the committee have power to procure any help they may need." - -Many difficulties were encountered in the progress of the work, and it -was found that it would be impossible to prepare, within the limit of -time prescribed, such a history as would be worthy of the regiment. The -different members of the committee, amid the activities of busy lives, -could give to the work only such intervals of leisure as they could -find amid their daily tasks. At the annual reunions of 1880, 1881, and -1882,--testing the patience of their comrades who had entrusted to them -this important task,--they were compelled to report progress only. In -September, 1883,--the last reunion,--however, they were able to say -that the work was already in press, and would be ready for delivery in -the course of a few weeks. - -In the table of contents will be found the names of the authors of -the different chapters. The work of Comrades White, Ranlett, Olin, -and Noyes, entitles them to the hearty thanks of all their companions -in arms. Especially, however, are such thanks due to Comrade W. H. -Hodgkins, not only for his own contribution to the history, but -also for his careful attention to the innumerable details which the -preparation of such a work required. Indeed, without his unwearied -endeavors in gathering materials, securing the coöperation of others, -and attending to the business of publication, the history would not so -soon, and might never, have been completed. - -To the writer of these lines was assigned the editorial supervision -of the work. From the materials placed in his hands he arranged the -history of the regiment as it now appears. Two proofs of the entire -work have passed under his eye, and in this part of his task he has had -the invaluable assistance of Major Hodgkins. The history, of course, -is not free from errors of statement; and it will doubtless be found -that there are omissions which the writers of the different chapters, -as well as their comrades, will deeply deplore. Yet, with all its -imperfections, this volume is believed to be substantially a faithful -history of the part which the regiment had in the great conflict for -the preservation of the National Union, which was waged during the -years 1862-1865; and, as such, it is certainly a history of which all -those who participated in it may well be proud. - - H. S. B. - PORTLAND, ME., Sept. 26, 1883. - - - - -CONTENTS. - - - CHAPTER I. PAGE - - ORGANIZATION OF THE REGIMENT.--ALONZO A. WHITE 1-10 - - - CHAPTER II. - - TO THE FRONT.--ALONZO A. WHITE 11-18 - - - CHAPTER III. - - IN VIRGINIA.--ALONZO A. WHITE 19-36 - - - CHAPTER IV. - - THE KENTUCKY CAMPAIGN.--S. ALONZO RANLETT 37-48 - - - CHAPTER V. - - IN THE REAR OF VICKSBURG.--S. ALONZO RANLETT 49-57 - - - CHAPTER VI. - - THE MOVEMENT ON JACKSON.--S. ALONZO RANLETT 58-72 - - - CHAPTER VII. - - THE RETURN TO KENTUCKY.--S. ALONZO RANLETT 73-78 - - - CHAPTER VIII. - - IN EAST TENNESSEE.--S. ALONZO RANLETT 79-87 - - - CHAPTER IX. - - THE RETREAT FROM LENOIR'S AND THE BATTLE OF CAMPBELL'S - STATION.--HENRY S. BURRAGE 88-100 - - - CHAPTER X. - - THE SIEGE OF KNOXVILLE.--HENRY S. BURRAGE 101-122 - - - CHAPTER XI. - - SUBSEQUENT OPERATIONS IN EAST TENNESSEE.--HENRY S. BURRAGE 123-134 - - - CHAPTER XII. - - REORGANIZATION.--WILLIAM H. HODGKINS 135-145 - - - CHAPTER XIII. - - IN THE WILDERNESS.--WILLIAM H. HODGKINS 146-159 - - - CHAPTER XIV. - - AT SPOTTSYLVANIA.--WILLIAM H. HODGKINS 160-177 - - - CHAPTER XV. - - ON THE NORTH ANNA AND THE PAMUNKEY.--WILLIAM H. - HODGKINS 178-187 - - - CHAPTER XVI. - - AT COLD HARBOR.--WILLIAM H. HODGKINS 188-200 - - - CHAPTER XVII. - - THE MOVEMENT ON PETERSBURG.--WILLIAM H. HODGKINS 201-215 - - - CHAPTER XVIII. - - IN THE TRENCHES.--WILLIAM H. HODGKINS 216-222 - - - CHAPTER XIX. - - DIARY OF THE SIEGE.--WILLIAM H. HODGKINS 223-232 - - - CHAPTER XX. - - THE MINE AFFAIR.--WILLIAM H. HODGKINS 233-241 - - - CHAPTER XXI. - - THE SIEGE CONTINUED.--WILLIAM H. HODGKINS 242-252 - - - CHAPTER XXII. - - IN THE PINES.--EDMUND W. NOYES 253-257 - - - CHAPTER XXIII. - - THE ACTION AT PEGRAM FARM.--EDMUND W. NOYES 258-265 - - - CHAPTER XXIV. - - AGAIN IN THE TRENCHES.--EDMUND W. NOYES 266-275 - - - CHAPTER XXV. - - IN WINTER QUARTERS.--WILLIAM H. HODGKINS 276-281 - - - CHAPTER XXVI. - - THE FINAL ASSAULT AT PETERSBURG.--WILLIAM M. OLIN 282-291 - - - CHAPTER XXVII. - - CLOSING SCENES.--WILLIAM H. HODGKINS 292-311 - - - CHAPTER XXVIII. - - CONCLUSION.--WILLIAM H. HODGKINS 312-315 - - - ROSTER AND RECORD OF THE THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT OF - MASSACHUSETTS VOLUNTEERS, COMPILED AND CORRECTED - BY WILLIAM H. HODGKINS 316 - - RECAPITULATION 385 - - NAMES OF MEMBERS OF THE REGIMENT WHO DIED IN REBEL - PRISONS 386 - - NARRATIVE OF ISRAEL H. SMITH 387 - - INDEX 391 - - THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT, - MASSACHUSETTS VOLUNTEERS. - - - - -CHAPTER I. - -ORGANIZATION OF THE REGIMENT. - - -Early in July, 1862, when the war of the rebellion had been in progress -a little more than a year, President Lincoln issued an order for three -hundred thousand volunteers, to serve three years, or during the war. -It was a time of sore discouragement and general depression throughout -the loyal States. Our army in Virginia, under General McClellan, during -a seven days' fight near the Chickahominy, had met with such reverses -that it had been compelled to "make a change of base," and fall back -to the James river, near Harrison's Landing. Nobly, however, and -cheerfully, did the people of the North respond to the President's call -for reinforcements. On every hand was heard the chorus:-- - -"We're coming, Father Abraham, three hundred thousand more." - -Massachusetts was not behind her sister States in raising her quota, -which was fifteen thousand men. In a general order, dated July 7, 1862, -Governor Andrew announced the call which had been made upon him by the -President, stated the number of men which every city and town would -be required to furnish, and closed with these words: "The government -demands new regiments, and our brave men who have so nobly upheld -the honor of Massachusetts call loudly from the battle-fields of the -South to their brethren at home to come forward at once and fill their -decimated ranks, and take the places of the brave men who have fallen -and suffered in the cause of the Union and of American Constitutional -Liberty." Like the blast of a trumpet this order stirred the hearts -of the people in all parts of the state, and cities and towns vied -with each other, in patriotic endeavors to hurry forward the work of -enlistment. - -A subsequent order, dated July 16, 1862, containing instructions -relative to the new recruitment, designated Camp John E. Wool, at -the city of Worcester, as the general rendezvous for the counties of -Berkshire, Franklin, Hampden, Hampshire, and Worcester. Colonel George -H. Ward, of the Fifteenth Massachusetts Volunteers, who had lost a -leg at the battle of Ball's Bluff, and was now at home on account of -disability, was placed in command of the camp. - -The order of July 7th contained this announcement: "The new regiments -now partly formed, and to be formed, are the Thirty-second, -Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, Thirty-fifth, Thirty-sixth, and -Thirty-seventh. To complete these regiments to the maximum standard, -the Thirty-second regiment requires 300 men; the Thirty-third, 650 -men; the Thirty-fourth, 800 men; and the Thirty-fifth, 850 men." It -was accordingly ordered that recruiting for the Thirty-sixth and -Thirty-seventh regiments should not commence until the four first named -were filled. The order, however, was not strictly observed. - -The first detachment for the Thirty-sixth entered Camp Wool August 1st, -and was a part of the quota of the town of Fitchburg. This detachment -consisted of sixty-four men, under the command of Captain T. L. Barker. -Recruits for the regiment had been received at Camp Wool previous to -August 1st; but this was the first organized company in camp, and, in -the organization of the regiment, it was assigned to the right of -the line, and known as Company A. As early as August 6th this company -had its minimum number of recruits; and, in a few days, others, from -Fitchburg, Leominster, and adjacent towns, raised the number to the -maximum. - -Company B, Captain John B. Norton, was recruited in Charlestown during -the month of July. It was at first intended that this company should -be attached to the Thirty-fourth Regiment as a flank company, and -the officers at first received commissions in that regiment; but the -requisite authority for such a company could not be obtained at the -War Department, and the company was transferred to the Thirty-sixth, -and the officers recommissioned. For a time, very naturally, it was -a disappointment to the members of this company that they could not -remain in the Thirty-fourth; but of the survivors there is, doubtless, -not one who is not satisfied that the record of the company was made -with the Thirty-sixth. - -Recruiting for Company C was commenced in the city of Worcester, August -8th, and on the 12th the company was full. Eight days after, under the -command of Captain Arthur A. Goodell, the company entered Camp Wool. No -other company in the regiment was raised in so brief a space of time. - -Company D was recruited principally in the towns of Templeton and -Winchendon. The first detachment entered Camp Wool, August 4, under the -command of Captain Amos Buffum, of Baldwinville, late second lieutenant -in the Twenty-fifth Massachusetts Volunteers. In a few days the ranks -of this company were full. - -The men of Company E were recruited from the towns of Palmer, Monson, -and the western towns of Worcester County. The first detachment entered -Camp Wool, August 10th, under the command of First Lieutenant R. M. -Cross. Captain S. C. Warriner, who had been discharged from the Tenth -Massachusetts Volunteers, in order to accept a captain's commission -in the Thirty-sixth, arrived in camp about the 20th of August, and -assumed command of the company, and completed its organization. - -Company F was formed principally of recruits from Milford and vicinity, -with a detachment from Sutton. The first detachment arrived at Camp -Wool August 10th, under the command of Second Lieutenant A. S. Tuttle. -He remained in command of the company until September 17, when Captain -William F. Draper, promoted from first lieutenant in the Twenty-fifth -Massachusetts Volunteers, joined the regiment then in the field, and -assumed command of the company. - -Company G was organized from unassigned recruits, representing the -eastern towns of Worcester County. S. Henry Bailey, of Northboro', was -commissioned captain of the company August 22d. - -Company H was formed by adding to the quotas of Gardner and Orange -the unassigned recruits then in camp; and Christopher Sawyer, of -Templeton, who had entered Camp Wool as first sergeant of Company D, -was commissioned captain of this company August 22d. - -Company I was recruited in Berlin, Marlboro', Upton, Uxbridge, and -adjoining towns, and entered Camp Wool in the early part of August, -under the command of Captain Christopher Hastings, of Berlin. The -company was filled to the maximum a few days after entering camp. -Indeed, Captain Hastings recruited men enough nearly to fill two -companies. - -Company K, like G and H, was formed of unassigned recruits from the -various towns whose quotas reported at Camp Wool. James B. Smith, late -first lieutenant in the Twenty-fifth Massachusetts Volunteers, was -commissioned captain of the company. - -On the 27th of August these ten companies, constituting the -Thirty-sixth Massachusetts Volunteers, having completed their -organization, were mustered into the United States service, for three -years, unless sooner discharged. - -The field, staff, and line officers were not mustered into the service -until September 2d, the day the regiment left Camp Wool for the seat of -war. Indeed, for the most part, the field officers were not appointed -until after the mustering in of the regiment. - -Lieutenant-Colonel John W. Kimball, of Fitchburg, then serving in the -Fifteenth Regiment,--a true and accomplished officer,--was commissioned -colonel of the Thirty-sixth, August 11th, and application was made -by Governor Andrew for his discharge from the Fifteenth, in order to -accept promotion. But, in the critical state of affairs at that time, -it was not deemed advisable by the authorities at Washington to grant -the governor's request. Consequently, on the 22d of August, Major Henry -Bowman, of the Thirty-fourth regiment, then at Camp Casey, on Arlington -Heights, was promoted to the colonelcy of the Thirty-sixth; and, -receiving his discharge from the Thirty-fourth, he at once joined his -command at Camp Wool. - -Captain John B. Norton, of Charlestown, who entered Camp Wool as -captain of Company B, was commissioned lieutenant-colonel, August 28th, -and on the same day, James H. Barker, of Milford, was commissioned -major. - -James P. Prince, of Lynn, was commissioned surgeon, with Warren -Tyler, of North Brookfield, and Albert H. Bryant, of Natick, as -assistant-surgeons. Rev. Charles T. Canfield, of Worcester, was -commissioned chaplain, and F. B. Rice, also of Worcester, as first -lieutenant and quartermaster. An adjutant was not appointed until a -later date. - -The regiment was now nearly ready for the field. Most of the men had -been hurried into camp, with the promise of a few days' furlough -before leaving the State. Many of them had left their business affairs -unsettled and their families unprovided for. But all applications for -furlough were denied by the United States officer at Boston, who was -in charge of mustered regiments. Colonel Ward endeavored to secure -a furlough for the men; but his efforts proved unavailing. Colonel -Bowman, on joining the regiment, and learning the condition of affairs, -renewed these efforts, stating his unwillingness to leave the State -until the pledge which had been given to the men had, in a measure at -least, been redeemed. - -On Saturday, August 30th, Colonel Bowman received orders to have -the Thirty-sixth Regiment ready to leave for Washington as early as -September 2d. At the same time he was given permission to grant to his -men furloughs for twenty-four hours, one-half of the regiment only to -be absent from camp at the same time. This order was not received by -Colonel Bowman until late Saturday afternoon. Accordingly, furloughs -were granted first of all to those men whose homes were at the greatest -distance from the camp. These were to return Monday morning, when the -rest of the men would receive their furloughs. This second half of -the regiment, by some mysterious process, became very small Saturday -evening and on Sunday. The sentinels paced their beats, but in some -instances so absorbed in their duties as seemingly to have lost the -sense both of sight and hearing. - -A sergeant, with a comrade, making the rounds of his guard late on one -of these nights, found a faithful son of Erin walking his beat with -soldier-like precision. As they approached he promptly challenged: -"Who goes there?" and was as quickly answered, "Friend, with the -countersign." As they approached to give the countersign, the sergeant -asked, in confiding tones, "Could anyone get out here?" The sentinel, -as confidingly, asked, "Would ye bring a little whiskey? Be jabbers a -pint of whiskey might make a man both blind and _dafe_!" He then turned -his back, and marched away. - -But while it was a great disappointment to the men to lose the few -days' furlough which had been promised to them, and especially to those -who had important business interests that demanded attention, leading -in some cases to a seeming disregard of discipline, yet all of the -companies were in camp on Tuesday morning. At an early hour on that -day the company commanders drew arms (Enfield rifles) and equipments -for their men, and these were at once distributed among them. All was -bustle and confusion throughout the camp. Few of the men had had any -experience as soldiers, and the selection and adjustment of their arms -and equipments, as well as the brief space of time allotted for these -and other preparations for moving, made it look still more difficult -and annoying. - -Late in the forenoon the regimental line was formed, and a beautiful -national flag was presented to the regiment by Honorable P. Emory -Aldrich, Mayor of Worcester. In presenting the flag the Mayor said:-- - - "_Colonel Bowman_,--Your friends, and the friends of your command - in this city, have procured this beautiful banner, and requested me - to present it to you as the worthy commander of the Thirty-sixth - Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteers for the war. It will be seen - that its azure fold is studded with the full constellation of - stars, representing the undivided Union, and that not one of the - original stripes is omitted or erased, showing that, however much - your friends may deplore the present unhappy condition of our - distracted and bleeding country, they still firmly believe that, - when the clouds of war that now lower upon us shall have passed - away, these stars will again shine as from a clear and cloudless - sky with none of their ancient lustre lost or obscured. And permit - me to say that this flag, still unchanged and radiant, signifies, - in the truest and highest sense, the kind of service expected - of you and this noble regiment you are about to lead from this - comparatively peaceful camp of preparation to the stern and heroic - duties of the field; that you are to aid, by force of arms, in - restoring the Union, which traitors have temporarily impaired, and - in reestablishing the supremacy of the constitution and laws over - every portion of territory lying within the acknowledged boundaries - of the Union, from the great lakes to the gulf, and from the - Atlantic to the Pacific oceans, so that, when you and your brave - comrades return, as we trust you will, with this flag, soiled and - rent it may be by the smoke and leaden hail of battle,[1] you - shall bring it back, not as the sign of a shattered constitution, - and dissevered Union, but as the proud emblem of a reunited and - indivisible republic, and then it shall continue to be known and - honored throughout the civilized world, and everywhere become a - free and safe passport to all men of every race who have the right - to claim protection beneath its ample folds. - -[1] "Soiled and rent," its staff shattered, this flag, which was -carried by the regiment throughout its entire period of service, is -now preserved in the State House, in Boston, with the flags of the -Massachusetts regiments. - - "In delivering this proud ensign of our nationality into your - hands, your friends know they are entrusting it to one who is not - only familiar with the ordinary duties of the soldier, but to one - who has been tried and not found wanting amidst the perils and - carnage of the battle-field, and who has suffered what is more - intolerable to every true soldier than any dangers of field or - camp, and that is captivity and confinement for weary months in - the loathsome prisons of the enemy; and now, after protracted - and vexatious delays, you have but recently been relieved from - your parole, so that you can, without dishonor, enter again the - military service of your country; and, having availed yourself - of the earliest opportunity to return to avenge your own and - your country's wrongs, may a propitious Providence and all good - influences attend you, and protect you, and your command in every - hour of trial and danger. - - "Yours is the fourth regiment which has been organized within - this enclosure, which may now very properly be called our _Campus - Martius_, and the fifth that has gone out from our city within - the last twelve months. The Fifteenth, beginning its brilliant - career at Ball's Bluff,--where, indeed, it encountered a repulse - for which neither its officers nor men were responsible,--has - with signal gallantry fought its way over many a bloody field - to a high position on the roll of fame. And the Twenty-first - and Twenty-fifth, being with each other in the performance of - patriotic duty, and in the memorable race for military renown, have - made Roanoke and Newberne, and other fields, wherein they have - exhibited the highest qualities of the soldier, ever memorable both - to friend and foe. And it is not altogether improbable that the - Thirty-fourth, which took up its line of march but a few days since - from this camp, under the accomplished Wells,[2] may have already - found itself involved in the smoke of its first battle, and taking - its first lesson in the art of war. And scarcely will your regiment - have left our presence, before another will encamp within the - limits of the city. And we bid you tell our brethren in the field - that thus shall regiment after regiment, in endless succession, - be sent to their aid until this accursed rebellion is utterly - extinguished. - -[2] Colonel Wells was killed near Cedar Creek, Va., Oct. 13, 1864. - - "The lateness of the hour, the necessity of your moving at once, - admonish me that I should omit a portion of what I had proposed to - say on this occasion; but this is of little account, and I would - not delay your march for a single moment to listen to any poor - words of mine. Words in this hour are simply air. Action--instant, - resistless, heroic action--is the only thing that can avail us - in this perilous crisis. And I can only add that, while you and - these brave men who are to follow you, will do your full duty in - upholding and restoring the authority of the constitution and its - laws, you can never fail in loyalty, and the great idea of liberty - which now inspires the hearts and nerves the hands of all the loyal - men of the land; and that, when you have marched through rebel - districts, none but loyal and _free men_ shall be found. And now - accept this standard, proffered by friendly hands, and let it be - borne in your regiment as the emblem of liberty and law. And should - you or any of those, your comrades in arms, fall in its defence, - your memories shall be held in grateful remembrance, and history - will preserve their names among those of heroes and martyrs who - have died to defend or consecrate a great and noble cause. Remember - that the life is longest which best answers life's great end, and - that to die upon the battle-field in defence of the liberties of - mankind is the most cherished road to immortality." - -The band played the "Star-Spangled Banner," and Colonel Bowman -responded in patriotic terms. - -The several companies of the regiment then marched to Agricultural -Hall,--a large building on the camp ground,--where a bountiful -collation had been provided by the friends of the regiment. Then -followed the filling of haversacks, the packing of knapsacks, and all -were soon in readiness for the order to move. - - - - -CHAPTER II. - -TO THE FRONT. - - -There was no delay. At noon, Tuesday, September 2d, the assembly was -sounded, the line was formed, and the Thirty-sixth, with a large number -of the friends of the regiment, who had come to say a long and perhaps -a last farewell, left Camp Wool amid the cheers of a great throng of -people assembled along the line of march to witness the departure of -the regiment, and moved up Highland street, through Main street, to -the Common. There cars were in waiting. These were soon filled, the -horses and baggage were taken aboard, the last farewells were spoken, -and, about two o'clock, followed by the loud cheers of the multitude, -and the waving of adieus, the long train drew out of the station, and -hurried toward Boston. On the arrival of the regiment in Boston the -line was again formed, and the Thirty-sixth, receiving a brilliant -ovation from the citizens, marched through Washington street, down -State street to Battery wharf, where the steamer "Merrimac," a new and -large ocean steamer, was in readiness to receive us. One-half of the -steamer had been assigned to the Twentieth Maine, Colonel Adelbert -Ames, and his regiment was already on board, having arrived from -Portland earlier in the day. In the crowded condition of the steamer -there was, necessarily, some delay in getting the companies into the -places to which they were assigned, and also in transferring the -horses and baggage; and it was not until late in the evening that the -embarkation was accomplished; then the steamer dropped out into the -stream. Early the next morning, September 3d, the "Merrimac" left her -anchorage and steamed down the harbor into the bay. - -We soon learned that our destination was Alexandria, Va. The voyage -throughout was a pleasant one, and the men of the two regiments mingled -in friendly companionship. On the second day out, on the quarter-deck, -some of the men of Company B gave an exhibition, consisting of -singing, declamations, etc., which was greatly enjoyed by a large -and enthusiastic audience. Friday noon we reached the capes of the -Chesapeake, had a glimpse of Fortress Monroe, and, moving up the bay, -many of us looked upon the "sacred soil" for the first time; the -steamer entered the Potomac river about ten o'clock in the evening, and -shortly after midnight came to anchor. At five o'clock Saturday morning -we again were under way, and had a most delightful sail up the Potomac, -with both shores in full view. At length we passed Mt. Vernon, once the -home and now the grave of Washington, and soon after, about noon, we -were at the wharf in Alexandria. - -Here we learned that the Thirty-fourth Massachusetts, which left -Worcester August 15th, was doing guard duty and building fortifications -near Alexandria. The Twentieth Maine was landed, but we remained on -the steamer during the night. The next morning, Sunday, September 7th, -we were transferred to the steamer "City of Norwich," in which we -proceeded up the river to Washington, and landed not far from the Navy -Yard. - -Lee, in the last days of August, had defeated Pope within sound of the -capitol, and was now pushing his victorious columns northward with -the purpose of carrying the war into the Union States. The forces -under General McClellan, who was again in command of the army, were -also moving northward, but through Maryland, in order to intercept -Lee's columns and give him battle. We encamped near the capitol until -September 9th, when, having been assigned to General Burnside's -command, the Ninth Corps, we left Washington, and marched to -Leesboro'. But Burnside was no longer there, and several days were lost -in obtaining further orders. September 12th the regiment left Leesboro' -at an early hour, and marched about twelve miles, to Brookville, near -which we went into camp on a beautiful grassy slope belonging to the -estate of Hon. John Hall, formerly of the United States Post-Office -Department. Near us was the camp of the First Rhode Island Cavalry. - -On Sunday, September 14th, we held our first religious service in the -field, and the chaplain preached. On that day the distant sound of -artillery was heard, and we knew that, somewhere beyond us, the two -armies had again met. It was the day of the battle of South Mountain, -in which General Burnside, it will be remembered, gained an important -battle, carrying the mountain pass which Lee had directed his forces to -hold "at every hazard." - -On Monday, September 15th, Colonel Bowman received from a mounted -orderly a note written in pencil, which purported to be an order from -General McClellan, signed "R. B. Marcy, Chief of Staff," directing all -troops on the road to hurry forward as rapidly as possible. Colonel -Bowman doubted the genuineness of this hasty scrawl, and the more so -on account of the appearance of suspicious persons about the camp the -night before. Not knowing the result of the battle of the previous -day, and afraid that an attempt might be made to capture his regiment -in its isolated position, he decided not to move his command until he -received further instructions or had better information concerning the -state of affairs at the front. This delay undoubtedly prevented our -participation in the battle of Antietam, which was fought September -17th. On that day, having learned that the road was open, we left -Brookville, and, moving forward rapidly, we encamped at night about -three miles beyond the village of Damascus. On the following day -we marched through Unity, Monrovia, Newmarket, and Frederick, and -encamped about a mile beyond the latter place. During the day, while -on the march, we passed the men of Colonel Miles' command at Harper's -Ferry, who, on the 15th, were surrendered to Stonewall Jackson and -paroled,--in all, five or six regiments, containing about five thousand -men. They were now on their way to Annapolis. It was not a pleasant -sight to see so many of our soldiers going to the rear; but they -cheered us with reports of the battle on the 17th, in which our army -was victorious. - -September 19th we resumed the march about ten o'clock in the forenoon, -crossed the Catoctin mountains to Middletown, enjoying the magnificent -prospect at the summit, and encamped beyond the town at the place -where, on the Sunday before, General McClellan and General Burnside had -their head-quarters during the battle of South Mountain. - -On the following day we crossed South Mountain. Here and there -by the roadside were newly-made graves,--in one place we counted -twenty-six,--and the trees and fences bore marks of the recent fight. -We passed also long trains of ambulance wagons, loaded with wounded -men from the battle-field at Antietam, and also many of the wounded on -foot, who were on their way to the hospitals in Frederick. Places of -interest were pointed out to us on our way. One was the spot where, -just at the close of the action on Sunday, General Reno fell. Another -was the ground where the Thirty-fifth Massachusetts formed, and over -which it made its brilliant charge, driving the enemy from the woods -beyond. - -Descending into a valley, we passed through Boonsboro', where was a -hospital full of wounded rebels, and encamped at Keedysville, about -two miles east of the Antietam battle-ground. Everywhere around us -were the sad memories of the terrible conflict that was waged on that -hard-fought field. Houses, barns, sheds, places of shelter of all -kinds, were filled with the wounded, and on the field where the battle -was fought, hundreds of the dead still lay unburied, although a large -force had been steadily engaged in this service since the preceding -Wednesday. Looking upon these scenes we were brought face to face with -the dread realities of war. Among the wounded we found many friends and -acquaintances who belonged to other Massachusetts regiments, and whose -sad condition enlisted our warmest sympathies, and drew from many the -expression, "If there be glory in war, it is dearly bought." - -September 21st we left Keedysville in the afternoon, crossed the famous -stone bridge from which Burnside, on the 17th, gallantly dislodged the -enemy, passed through Sharpsburg, which bore the marks of our shot and -shell, and encamped a short distance beyond, near General Burnside's -head-quarters. - -Here the Thirty-sixth was assigned to the Third Brigade of the first -division of the Ninth Corps. In the brigade were the Forty-fifth and -One Hundredth (Roundheads) Pennsylvania regiments, to which we soon -became warmly attached, and with which we were to be associated during -nearly our whole period of service. Than these two regiments there -were no better in the Ninth Corps; and our regard for both officers -and men increased as common experiences drew us nearer together. -Indeed, they became to us almost as brothers, and we have reason to -believe that this feeling was mutual. Colonel Welch, of the Forty-fifth -Pennsylvania, commanded the brigade, and General O. B. Willcox, the -division. - -September 23d, about half-past three o'clock in the morning, there was -a general alarm. "Fall in! Fall in!" resounded through the camp, and -for two hours we stood in line of battle on the edge of an adjoining -cornfield; but it was only an alarm, and about half-past five we -returned to our quarters. - -On the 25th we were ordered to be in readiness to march. The tents were -struck, our regimental baggage was packed, all of our preparations for -a movement were completed; but about four o'clock in the afternoon the -order was countermanded, and we pitched our tents on our former camp -ground. - -The next morning we received orders to be ready to march at one o'clock -P.M. We were in line at that time, but as the whole corps was in -motion, and we were in the rear, there was some delay for us. It was a -beautiful sight, as the several brigades and divisions of the corps, -with the long train of baggage-wagons, moved over the hills. At length -our brigade started. We crossed Antietam Creek at Isabella Furnace, -the troops passing over the bridge, and the wagons fording the stream. -Just at sundown we encamped near Antietam Iron Works, about five miles -above Harper's Ferry. The tents of the men were soon up, and the -camp-fires lighted. A more brilliant scene can hardly be imagined than -that presented by these fields around us, illuminated by innumerable -camp-fires. - -By order of General Willcox, Sunday, September 29th, was observed by -the division as a day of special religious service, to give thanks -to God for our recent victories in Maryland. The whole division was -brought together, and the services were conducted by Chaplain Canfield, -of the Thirty-sixth, and other chaplains of New York and Pennsylvania -regiments. The band first played "Old Hundred." The 46th Psalm was then -read, and a hymn sung to the well-known tune of Balerma. Remarks were -then made by four chaplains belonging to the division. The services -were very interesting and solemn throughout. In the afternoon Chaplain -Canfield preached. - -On Tuesday, September 30th, there was a division review in the -forenoon, and monthly regimental inspection in the afternoon. On -Friday, October 3d, the corps was reviewed by President Lincoln and -General McClellan. We formed our regimental line at seven o'clock, -then marched to a field in the rear of our camp, and were assigned to -a position on the left of our brigade. The President arrived on the -ground shortly after nine o'clock, and passed us in review about ten. -This visit gave many in the regiment their first opportunity to see Mr. -Lincoln, and the day was one of great interest. - -On Tuesday, October 7th, the Thirty-sixth experienced what was as yet -its most difficult and trying march. We had received orders to move -at daylight. The _reveillé_ was sounded at three o'clock. At half-past -five we left camp. The head of the column was toward Maryland Heights, -which we were to cross into Pleasant Valley. The road was a narrow -mountain road, in many places quite steep, and during the recent -movements it had been obstructed by fallen trees. At length we reached -the summit, where there was a magnificent view; and then we commenced -the equally difficult descent. The day was intensely hot, and the men, -completely exhausted, fell out in large numbers, and at a halt about -half-past two, Colonel Welch ordered the roll to be called. About -four o'clock we encamped in a most delightful and beautiful locality -in Pleasant Valley, on a wooded bank, which sloped gradually down to -a clear stream of running water, ten or twelve feet wide, near which -were cool springs of pure water sufficient for all our wants. Harper's -Ferry, above us, was about ten miles distant, and Knoxville the same -distance below us, on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. - -While the regiment was at dress parade on Saturday, October 11th, -we received orders to be ready to move immediately, with haversack, -canteen, and overcoat, and without blankets. The line was formed at -once. The guns were loaded, and with the Forty-fifth and One Hundredth -Pennsylvania, and a section of artillery, we marched down the road -to Weverton, a little station on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, -where platform cars were awaiting us. The Thirty-sixth took a train -by itself, and left the station at seven o'clock. When the cars -stopped, about midnight, we found that we were at Frederick. Leaving -the cars we marched into the town, and were ordered to make ourselves -as comfortable as we could upon the cold sidewalks. No fires were -allowed, and it was impossible to keep warm in the chilly night air. -At six o'clock we marched to a field on the edge of the town, where -we took breakfast, and where we remained until noon, when we took a -new position on the Washington road. We now learned the object of this -movement. Stuart's cavalry were on their return from a raid into -Pennsylvania, and it was supposed that they would attempt to destroy -the government stores at Frederick, of which there was a considerable -quantity. At five o'clock they were at Newmarket, eight miles distant; -and the presence of our brigade at Frederick undoubtedly led them to -turn aside. Moving toward the Potomac they at once crossed the river, -and so made their escape, with the loss of a few prisoners brought in -by our cavalry. - -Late in the afternoon, while we were awaiting orders upon the -Washington road, it began to rain, and there was the promise of a -cheerless night. Just at dark we marched to the station. The train left -about seven o'clock, our destination unknown. At length we reached -Point of Rocks, where the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad strikes the -Potomac. Leaving the cars we marched up the road a short distance in -the darkness and rain, and halted. Companies A, B, and C were advanced -to picket the heights above the station. The rest of the regiment, -officers and men alike, sought shelter wherever it could be found. The -morning revealed some of these luckless sleepers emerging from the -two apologies for houses near at hand; some from beneath them; some -from the pigsty and hen-house; many from beneath the shocks of corn in -adjacent fields; while others had made no attempt to sleep, but had -travelled about all night, stumbling over their comrades. The line was -formed, and we moved out about half a mile, to a pleasant field near -the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and encamped. There we remained until -Wednesday, October 15th, when we had orders to return to our camp in -Pleasant Valley. We left Point of Rocks at half-past ten o'clock in the -forenoon, and, following the towpath of the canal, we reached Weverton -at half-past three. After some delay in waiting for the rest of our -brigade we reached our old camp about five o'clock. - -On Tuesday, October 21st, the regiment was inspected by an officer on -Gen. McClellan's staff. On Friday following there were indications of a -forward movement, which, it seemed, could not now long be deferred. - - - - -CHAPTER III. - -IN VIRGINIA. - - -Sunday morning, October 26th, we were aroused at half-past three -o'clock, and ordered to be ready to move at daylight. We struck our -tents in a pouring rain, had breakfast, but did not leave our camp -until after seven. Then we marched down the river to the little -village of Berlin, where a pontoon bridge had been thrown across the -Potomac. There we halted until afternoon. It was a general movement. -Not only were the regiments of our own brigade with us, but a large -number of other regiments. For hours, while the cavalry was crossing, -we were obliged to stand in a drenching rain awaiting the crossing of -the infantry, which was to follow. At length our line was in motion, -and the long column of infantry, having reached the Virginia shore, -continued the march, dragging its weary length through the mud, ankle -deep, and such mud as only Virginia can boast. About four o'clock, and -after advancing several miles from the river, we turned into a field -which had been sown with winter wheat, and on which the wheat was two -or three inches high. A more disagreeable and uncomfortable place could -hardly have been found; and there, in the mud, wet, cold, and weary, we -were ordered to halt, stack arms, and make ourselves comfortable for -the night. This order, however, was at length countermanded, and the -men removed to the fences and the grassy fields adjoining. Although -it was still raining, and a cold north wind was blowing a gale, the -orders were not to take rails for fires. But there was no other wood -at hand, and it was not long before bright fires, made of the rails -from the fences around, were blazing along the whole line, and every -man was doing his best to make his condition tolerable. For fatigue, -discomfort, and vexation, that first day's experience on Virginia -soil was rarely exceeded in the history of the regiment. It is but -just to state that for the selection of this camp the officers of the -Thirty-sixth were in no way responsible. - -About ten o'clock the next forenoon the clouds parted, and the sun came -out bright and beautiful. With warmth and rations came good cheer to -the men. On the following day large numbers of troops joined us, and -we were expecting to move at any moment. But we remained in camp until -the next day, Wednesday, October 29th, when, about two o'clock in the -afternoon, we received orders to march. We advanced through a beautiful -country, the farms looking more like New England farms than any we -had seen; and, passing through the village of Waterford in the early -evening, we encamped a short distance beyond the village, and about ten -miles from Snicker's Gap. Here we remained until Sunday. - -Pleasant days were those which we spent at Waterford. Saturday -afternoon, November 1st, we had orders to be in readiness to move on -the following day. Our preparations were made in the early morning, but -we did not move until eleven o'clock. It was a bright, sunny day, and -quite warm. We reached Hamilton about two o'clock in the afternoon; -and, after a short rest, continued our march until eight o'clock, -when we encamped in an oak grove at Philemont. Ahead of us there was -cannonading throughout the day. - -On Monday, November 3d, we continued our march at one P.M., our course -being nearly parallel to the Blue Ridge. At Union, Gen. Burnside -passed us with his staff. At seven o'clock we halted for the night. -The next day some quartermaster's stores were issued to the men, and -one day's rations. About noon there was heavy firing in advance of -us, but still distant. Wednesday, November 5th, the bugles sounded at -five o'clock, and we were ordered to be in readiness to march; but -it was eight o'clock before the column moved. Heavy firing was heard -most of the forenoon. About half-past one in the afternoon, having -arrived at Manassas Gap Railroad, we encamped a short distance beyond -Rectortown. While on this march Corporal Parker, of Company D, died in -the ambulance, probably of apoplexy. He died within sound of cannon, -yet not on the field of battle. About sunset he was buried under a tree -near our camp, his company and the officers of the regiment following -his remains to the grave. It was the first death in the regiment; and -this, with the circumstances of his lonely burial, cast a shadow of -sadness over us all. - -On Thursday, November 6th, we resumed our march at an early hour. As we -passed through Salem there were so many evidences of disloyalty that -the bands played Yankee Doodle for the edification of the inhabitants. -The afternoon march was a severe one. There were few rests, and those -were short; and toward night many of the men fell out from exhaustion. -About six o'clock we encamped at Orleans. The night that followed was -intensely cold, and water froze. In the morning, November 7th, it -began to snow. At noon, when we received orders to march, it was still -snowing, and there were two or three inches of snow on the ground. We -advanced only a few miles, and encamped on the north bank of a branch -of the Rappahannock, not far from Waterloo. - -Late that night a special messenger from the War Department arrived at -Gen. McClellan's head-quarters, with the following order:-- - - WASHINGTON, Nov. 5, 1862. - - By direction of the President of the United States, it is ordered - that Major-General McClellan be relieved from the command of the - Army of the Potomac, and that Major-General Burnside take command - of that army. - - By order of the Secretary of War, - E. D. TOWNSEND, _Ass't Adj't Gen._ - - -We remained in camp on Saturday and Sunday, November 8th and 9th, -suffering from the cold, and knowing nothing of the important change -thus announced. On Sunday, morning and afternoon, special religious -services were held among the regiments of our division, by order of our -commanding general. Gen. Burnside's order, assuming command of the Army -of the Potomac, was now prepared, and was as follows:-- - - HEAD-QUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, - WARRENTON, VA., Nov. 9, 1862. - - GENERAL ORDERS NO. 1. - - In accordance with General Orders No. 182, issued by the President - of the United States, I hereby assume command of the Army of the - Potomac. - - Patriotism and the exercise of my every energy in the direction of - this army, aided by the full and hearty coöperation of its officers - and men, will, I hope, under the blessing of God, ensure its - success. - - Having been a sharer of the privations, and a witness of the - bravery, of the old Army of the Potomac in the Maryland campaign, - and fully identified in their feelings of respect and esteem for - General McClellan, entertained through a long and most friendly - association with him, I feel that it is not as a stranger that I - assume this command. - - To the Ninth Corps, so long and intimately associated with me, I - need say nothing; our histories are identical. - - With diffidence for myself, but with a proud confidence in the - unswerving loyalty and determination of the gallant army now - entrusted to my care, I accept its control with the steadfast - assurance that the just cause must prevail. - - A. E. BURNSIDE, - _Major-General Commanding_. - - -This order was not received by us until Tuesday, November 11th, and -while we were still in camp near Waterloo. We shared in the general -esteem in which General McClellan was held throughout the army; but we -loved Burnside, and had confidence in his ability to lead us on to -victory. On this day there was no bread for the men. Our supply-train -had been delayed, and for several days the ration for each man was two -ears of corn and a small piece of fresh meat. This place will always be -known to the survivors of the Thirty-sixth by the suggestive name of -"Hungry Hollow." - -On Thursday, November 13th, the supply-train arrived, and the -Thirty-sixth received eight boxes of hard bread. In the morning of that -day Corporal Perry, of Company G, died. He had been sick only since -Saturday. The burial occurred that night. - -November 15th, while at breakfast, we received orders to march; and, -with the rest of our division, now under the command of General W. -W. Burns (Colonel Welch commanding the brigade), we moved forward to -White Sulphur Springs,--a noted watering-place, whose buildings had -been nearly destroyed by General Sigel's troops in an engagement with -the enemy in passing through the place in August. While on the march -we heard sharp musketry ahead, and as we approached the Springs a few -shots were fired. We accordingly left the main road, and formed in line -of battle behind a hill; but the enemy fell back, and in a little while -we received orders to go into camp. - -Sunday, November 16th, we were aroused early with orders to march. The -teams were sent off before light, but the regiment did not leave camp -until ten o'clock. At noon we rested at Fayetteville. The afternoon's -march was a most wearisome one; and it was not until after dark, when -near Warrenton Junction, that we halted for the night. - -The next day, November 17th, we marched at noon, and were four hours on -the road without any rest. The whole corps seemed to be in motion. The -artillery and wagons occupied the road, while the infantry moved in two -columns, one on each side of the road. A rainy night followed. - -Tuesday, November 18th, we were called by the bugles at half-past -three, and at quarter-past five we were on the march. At twelve we -encamped, having advanced about fourteen miles toward Fredericksburg. -General Willcox, now our corps commander, passed us on the road, -and was warmly cheered. An order was received from General Burnside -assigning the Ninth Corps to the right grand division of the Army -of the Potomac, under the command of Major-General Sumner. General -Burnside and staff encamped near us about two o'clock. - -November 19th we commenced our march about eight o'clock. Private -Pierce, of Company D, died just before we left our camp, and the -pioneer corps were directed to remain and bury the body. It was a -rainy, drizzly day, and the march was a wearisome one. We had a fine -view of the camp of the Second Corps as we approached Falmouth. About -one o'clock we were opposite Fredericksburg, and encamped in an open -field, in the mud. A part of the regiment received orders to go on -picket. For two days and nights it continued to rain, and our camp -became one vast mud-puddle. - -On Sunday, November 23d, at the regular service, the chaplain read -the Thanksgiving proclamation of Governor Andrew to the Massachusetts -soldiers in the field, and also his proclamation to the people of the -State. The day before Thanksgiving, Wednesday, November 26th, the Ninth -Corps was reviewed by General Sumner. It had rained the night before, -and it was somewhat uncomfortable standing three hours in mud and water -waiting for the appearance of the general. At length he passed us in -review, and we were dismissed. - -Thursday, November 27th, was Thanksgiving. The day opened gloriously, -the sun rising unclouded. Many were the efforts which the men made to -prepare from army stores a suitable feast for the day. About eleven -o'clock, in the midst of these efforts, we received orders to change -the location of our camp. We moved only a few hundred yards, but to -a young pine forest, which proved to be a much more agreeable spot -than that which we had hitherto occupied. The day closed as brightly -as it opened. Having arranged our new camp, the regiment resumed daily -drills, and the usual routine of camp duty. On Friday, November 28th, -we had our first dress-parade since leaving Waterford. - -November 30th, which was Sunday, special religious services were held, -by request of President Lincoln. In our brigade the services were -conducted by Chaplain Canfield and the chaplain of the Forty-fifth -Pennsylvania. At night Companies E and H went out on fatigue duty, and -worked on fortifications near the Lacy House. Private Sager, of Company -B, died in the regimental hospital this morning. - -December 1st, S. Alonzo Ranlett, orderly sergeant of Company B, was -commissioned first lieutenant, and subsequently was appointed adjutant -of the regiment. - -Meanwhile General Lee was fortifying the heights back of -Fredericksburg; and on the part of our soldiers there was not a little -of impatience expressed at General Burnside's delay in advancing upon -the enemy. This delay, however, could not be avoided, on account -of the necessity of opening communications with Aquia Creek, and -also of procuring pontoons with which to cross the river. Indeed, -the preparations for the movement upon the enemy, urgent as General -Burnside was, were not completed until December 10th. On that day -the Thirty-sixth received orders to be ready to move. At night, the -Stafford Heights, and the left bank of the Rappahannock opposite -Fredericksburg, were occupied by one hundred and forty-seven pieces -of artillery; and before dawn our pontoniers were busily employed in -preparations for laying five bridges, upon which the troops were to -cross. - -The Thirty-sixth was early in line on the morning of the 11th, and, -with the brigade, moved down toward the river, and there remained -during the rest of the day, while the attempt was made to lay the -bridges under cover of our artillery. But the workmen near the Lacy -House were greatly hindered in their efforts by sharp-shooters -advantageously posted on the opposite bank of the river; and a -terrific shelling of the city did not succeed in dislodging them. At -length, from the regiments near at hand, volunteers were summoned to -cross the river in boats, and drive the rebel sharp-shooters from their -position. Men from the Seventh Michigan, Nineteenth and Twentieth -Massachusetts, answered the summons; and with men from the Fiftieth -New York, as boatmen, crossed the river. Then, darting up the bank, -in a few minutes they compelled the enemy to withdraw. The work of -laying the pontoons was soon pushed rapidly forward, and late in the -afternoon the bridges were completed. The army then began to cross, -Lee being unable to oppose its advance on account of the commanding -position afforded our batteries by the Stafford Heights. Franklin's -grand division crossed below the city, and formed the left wing of the -army. Sumner's crossed at the upper bridges, and formed the right wing. -Hooker's grand division was held in reserve on the northern bank of -the river, ready to reinforce either Sumner or Franklin. Most of the -troops crossed on the 12th. That morning the several divisions of the -Ninth Corps were early in line; and, as they reached the Fredericksburg -side of the river, they were placed in position on the left of Sumner's -grand division, and just below the city. In the crossing, a few men -were killed or wounded by the enemy's shells that fell short of our -batteries, at which they were aimed. Two men of the Thirty-sixth were -in this way slightly wounded. - -That night we moved up into the city, and, stacking arms in the street, -spent the night on the sidewalk and in the deserted houses in rear of -the guns. Early in the morning of December 13th preparations were made -for the approaching battle. Burns' division of the Ninth Corps, to -which our brigade belonged, was assigned to a position below the city. -There, across Hazel Run, behind a rise of ground, we remained under -arms in reserve, listening to the roar of artillery and musketry as the -battle raged along the line from left to right, expecting every minute -to be called to participate in the terrible conflict; but no orders -came until afternoon, when we moved further down the river, crossed -Deep Run, and were placed in position in front of the Barnard House, -covering the lower pontoon bridge. At dark the Thirty-sixth moved -forward, and supported a battery in front of the Sligo House. - -During the day General Meade, with his division, won a temporary -success on the left, but was at length compelled to fall back, for -the want of adequate support. In rear of the city the divisions of -French, Hancock, and Humphrey successively endeavored to carry Marye's -Heights, but were repulsed with great loss. General Burnside was -greatly disappointed at the result of the day's fighting. It seemed -to him that there was lack of spirited leadership, and he accordingly -determined to renew the battle early in the morning, and lead his -old corps, the Ninth, in person, in an assault on Marye's Heights, -with the right and left vigorously supporting. In reference to this -proposed attack, Colonel Leasure of the One Hundredth Pennsylvania, -who commanded our brigade, says: "I received an order, through General -Burns, from General Willcox, stating that the Ninth Corps would assault -the enemy's works on the next day, and that my brigade, the Third, -would lead the attack; and I was requested to submit a plan of attack, -subject to the approval of the commanding general. Consequently, -I submitted the following: I would advance my own regiment, the -One Hundredth Pennsylvania, or Roundheads, in the darkness of -night, as close as possible to the enemy's works, as skirmishers -and sharp-shooters, supporting them as nearly as possible with the -remainder of my brigade,--the Forty-fifth Pennsylvania and Thirty-sixth -Massachusetts,--which, in turn, were to be supported by the remainder -of the division and the other divisions of the corps. In the gray of -the morning the One Hundredth should advance suddenly, driving in the -enemy's pickets, or capturing them, and as much as possible pick off -their gunners, then charge their works in the confusion, throwing -in brigade after brigade. This plan was sent to General Burns as the -one most feasible; but with it went my most solemn protest against -the inevitable destruction of my brigade if it should be adopted, -and it was sent to General Burnside with the protest endorsed on it -by the commanding officer of the corps and also by General Sumner. -But, notwithstanding, it was early morning before the assault was -abandoned." In fact, the Third Brigade took position at the front in -accordance with the above plan, the Thirty-sixth, with the Forty-fifth -on its right, being in line of battle behind a steep, wooded bank, -above which, in the early dawn, the outlines of the enemy's works were -plainly visible. The One Hundredth was well up toward the enemy's -lines, lying low. And here we remained on our arms, expecting every -moment to charge the rebel works on the left of the open field, -where so many of our brave comrades had fallen the day before, when, -unexpectedly to all, we were ordered back to our old position below -the city. At daylight, after rations were issued, our whole division -moved up to the city, where the Ninth Corps was massed in five lines, -near the river. No further advance was made, and there we remained -throughout the day. At night we moved back again to our old position -below the city, where we remained during the night and all the next day. - -It is easy to criticise General Burnside's plan of battle. It is plain, -however, that, if our soldiers had carried Marye's Heights, Burnside -could not have occupied them, as they are commanded by still higher -ground in their rear. But it should be remembered that General Burnside -designed that the weight of his assault, December 13th, should fall -upon General Lee's right, and his mistake seems to have been that his -force at that point was not greatly increased, and placed under the -command of an officer from whom he could expect the most hearty support. - -About dark on the 15th we were again in line. The One Hundredth -Pennsylvania and the Second Michigan, old and tried regiments, were -ordered out, while the Forty-fifth Pennsylvania and the Thirty-sixth -Massachusetts remained under arms awaiting orders. To secure strict -silence, the men were not to speak, and to avoid coughing as much -as possible. This, together with the ominous injunction of Colonel -Leasure to his old regiment, as they joined him: "Now do your duty, -Roundheads," was interpreted as meaning serious work near at hand. -About ten o'clock in the evening the rest of our brigade moved up into -the city quietly, where, to our surprise, we found the place was nearly -deserted, there being in the streets, at this point, only one regiment, -the Eighty-ninth New York, and that had just been withdrawn from the -picket-line. Several batteries were near the river, limbered up and all -ready to move. The Thirty-sixth relieved the Eighty-ninth New York, and -waited for the One Hundredth Pennsylvania, which was on the extreme -front of the picket-line. So we were among the last troops to leave the -city. We crossed unharmed, and returned to our old camp, back of the -Phillips House, on the morning of December 16, sharing, with the rest -of the army, the disappointment that was felt on account of the repulse -and the serious losses sustained by many of our regiments, yet feeling -that, while the fruitless task that was assigned to others had not -fallen to our lot, we had done all that was required of us as faithful -soldiers. - -On the 17th general inspection was ordered. The Thirty-sixth mustered -about six hundred and fifty guns. Of the remaining three hundred and -fifty of our comrades who left Massachusetts with us, quite a large -number were detailed on special duty, many were on the sick-list, and -ten had died. - -As soon as the men had arranged their quarters, and with as much -comfort as they were able, the usual round of camp and picket duty was -resumed. The pickets of both armies had hitherto been very friendly, -and they now became more friendly than ever, often exchanging -courtesies, and chatting freely on matters pertaining to the war. -Many of the soldiers received boxes from home, and there were a few -Massachusetts visitors at our camp. - -January 16th orders were received to be ready to move the next day, -at an early hour, with three days' rations, and sixty rounds of -ammunition. It was also announced that General Sedgwick had been -assigned to the command of the Ninth Corps. The following day was clear -and cold, but there were no orders to move. Nor were any received on -the 18th, and we had a quiet Sunday. On Monday, too, all was quiet -on the Rappahannock. At noon on Tuesday, January 20, however, orders -came for us to be in readiness to move early the next morning. It was -now evident that another movement was to be made across the river. -General Hooker's and General Franklin's grand divisions of the army -were already in motion in our rear. At dress parade that night, an -order from General Burnside was read by Colonel Bowman to the regiment, -informing us that the Army of the Potomac was about to meet the enemy -once more, and calling upon officers and men to coöperate with him in -securing a victory. When the order had been read, three cheers were -given for our commanding general. Just at night a cold, north-east -storm set in, the wind increased to a gale, and the rain fell in -torrents. Late in the evening orders came for the Thirty-sixth to be -ready to move at three o'clock the next morning, January 21st. At -that time the men were in line, and remained standing four hours in -the drenching rain, with the mud ankle-deep. At about ten o'clock the -regiment was ordered on picket. The storm continued through the day. -Tuesday, January 22d, it was still raining, and the mud deeper than -ever. Hooker and Franklin were literally "stuck in the mud." Artillery -caissons, guns, ambulances, and army wagons were immovable. To go -forward was impossible; and finally, from sheer necessity, all hope of -further advance was abandoned. - -Thus again was Burnside compelled to witness the defeat of his plans. -Never did the Army of the Potomac suffer more severely, and never was -experience more demoralizing than during these three days of constant -exposure to wet and cold, in midwinter, without shelter of any kind. -Weary and disheartened, the men of Franklin's grand division struggled -back to camp, singly or in squads. Many had thrown away everything but -haversack and canteen, and curses on everything and everybody filled -the air. It is said that the army in Flanders swore terribly. So did -the demoralized soldiers of the Army of the Potomac as they struggled -back to their old camp. - -In the meantime the rebels appeared on the opposite bank of the river, -greatly elated at the discomfiture of our army, and amused themselves -by offering to come over and extricate our men from the mud, to aid -them in crossing, and to show them around on the other side. - -A few days of sun, rations, and rest, however, brought about a better -state of feeling among our men; and the Army of the Potomac settled -back into its old quarters, and resumed the usual routine of duty. - -Now there followed another change in commanders. General Burnside had -become convinced not only that he did not have the coöperation of a -large number of his subordinate officers of high rank, but that some of -them were doing all in their power to thwart his plans. He accordingly -prepared an order dismissing from the service Generals Hooker, Brooks, -Cochrane and Newton, and relieving from their commands, Generals -Franklin, W. F. Smith, Sturgis, Ferrero, and Col. Taylor. Proceeding -to Washington, he asked the President to approve of this order or -to accept his resignation. The President referred the order to his -military advisers, who declined to recommend its approval. Accordingly, -unwilling to accept his resignation, the President relieved General -Burnside of the command of the Army of the Potomac, and not long after -assigned him to the command of the Department of the Ohio. General -Hooker was made General Burnside's successor, and the change was -announced to the army January 26th. - -In taking leave of the army Gen. Burnside issued the following order:-- - - HEAD-QUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, - FALMOUTH, VA., Jan. 26th, 1863. - - GENERAL ORDERS NO. 9. - - By direction of the President of the United States, the commanding - general this day transfers the command of the army to Major-General - Joseph Hooker. - - The short time that he has directed your movements has not been - fruitful of victory or any considerable advancement of our lines; - but it has again demonstrated an amount of courage, patience, and - endurance that, under more favorable circumstances, would have - accomplished great results. Continue to exercise these virtues, be - true in your devotion to your country and the principles you have - sworn to maintain, give to the brave and skilful general who has - so long been identified with your organization, and who is now to - command you, your full and cordial support and coöperation, and you - will deserve success. - - In taking an affectionate leave of the entire army, from which he - separates with so much regret, he may be pardoned if he bids an - especial farewell to his long-time associates of the Ninth Corps. - - His prayers are that God may be with you, and grant your continual - success until the rebellion is crushed. - - A. E. BURNSIDE, - _Major-General_. - - -Mr. Lincoln's letter to General Hooker, informing the latter of his -appointment, did credit alike to the President's head and heart, and is -worthy of a place here:-- - - EXECUTIVE MANSION, - WASHINGTON, D.C., January 26th, 1863. - - _Major-General Hooker_:-- - - I have placed you at the head of the Army of the Potomac. Of course - I have done this upon what appear to me to be sufficient reasons. - And yet I think it best for you to know that there are some things - in regard to which I am not quite satisfied with you. I believe - you to be a brave and skilful soldier, which, of course, I like. - I also believe you do not mix politics with your profession, in - which you are right. You have confidence in yourself, which is a - valuable, if not an indispensable, quality. You are ambitious, - which, within reasonable bounds, does good rather than harm. But - I think that, during General Burnside's command of the army, you - have taken counsel of your ambition, and thwarted him as much as - you could, in which you did a great wrong both to the country and - to a most meritorious and honorable brother officer. I have heard, - in such way as to believe it, of your recently saying that both the - army and the government needed a dictator. Of course it was not for - this, but in spite of it, that I have given you the command. Only - those generals who gain successes can set up dictators. What I now - ask of you is military success, and I will risk the dictatorship. - The government will support you to the utmost of its ability, - which is neither more nor less than it has done and will do for - all commanders. I much fear the spirit you have aided to infuse - into the army, of criticising their commander and withholding - confidence from him, will now turn upon you. I shall assist you, as - far as I can, to put it down. Neither you nor Napoleon, if he were - alive again, could get any good out of an army while such a spirit - prevails in it. And now, beware of rashness! beware of rashness! - but, with energy and sleepless vigilance, go forward and give us - victories. - - Yours, very truly, - A. LINCOLN. - - -January 27th we received General Hooker's address to the army, also -General Sumner's farewell, he having been relieved of the command -of the right grand division at his own request. January 29th, -our Major, James H. Barker, also at his own request, received an -honorable discharge, and on the following day he left for his home in -Massachusetts. He was a faithful officer, a man of sterling integrity, -of upright life, and his departure we greatly regretted. - -On Thursday, February 5th, we received orders for the Ninth Corps to -proceed forthwith to Fortress Monroe, under General Smith. On the -following day the Third Division took cars for Aquia Creek. On Sunday, -February 8th, General Willcox assumed command of the First Division, -General Burns having been ordered West. In the afternoon Colonel -Ward, of the Fifteenth Massachusetts, who was in command of Camp Wool -during the organization of the Thirty-sixth, visited our camp, and -was cordially greeted by officers and men. February 10th, about noon, -orders came for us to pack up and be ready to move immediately. At -ten o'clock we marched to the station, the Thirty-sixth leading the -brigade. The cars left at five o'clock, and at half-past six we were -at Aquia Creek, where we embarked on steamer "South America." About -eight o'clock the next morning we started down the Potomac; but, on -account of a storm, the captain found it necessary to anchor in the -middle of the afternoon at the mouth of the St. Mary's river. The next -morning we started again; and at night, just at dark, we arrived off -Fortress Monroe, and anchored. Early the next morning Colonel Bowman -went ashore with the captain of the steamer, and reported our arrival. -On their return, about ten o'clock, we weighed anchor, passed the -steam-frigate "Minnesota" and the iron-clad "Nahant," and landed at -Newport News, a few miles above. About the middle of the afternoon we -went into camp about a mile and a half from the landing, and on a high -bluff overlooking the James river. All of the regiments of the corps -were furnished with ~A~ tents, and the camp throughout was the most -perfect in its arrangements of any that we occupied during the war. The -quarters of the Thirty-sixth were regarded by the men with especial -pride. - -Here the regiment remained for six weeks. During this time much -attention was given to regimental, brigade, and division drills. About -five hours each day were devoted to these exercises, and they were of -great value in perfecting the discipline and adding to the efficiency -of the regiment. - -On Wednesday, February 18th, we learned that Captain Goodell, of -Company C, had been commissioned major of the regiment, vice Barker, -resigned. February 25th, General Dix, who was in command at Fortress -Monroe, reviewed the Ninth Corps. The day was a beautiful one, and -the review a most brilliant and successful affair. Colonel Bowman and -Lieutenant-Colonel Norton both being absent, Major Goodell commanded -the regiment,--his first appearance in his new rank. - -On Sunday, March 1st, Chaplain Canfield preached on the character -of Washington. It was our first religious service since New Year's. -March 11th, with other regiments in our brigade, we attended a flag -presentation at the quarters of the Eighth Michigan. Unexpectedly, on -the evening of March 18th, we received orders to be in readiness to -move with five days' cooked rations. - -Great had been our enjoyment of the sunny side of a soldier's life -which we experienced at this place; and it was not without regret that -we received the order to leave the comfortable quarters on which so -much time and labor had been expended. Many pleasant circumstances -had combined to make this a most desirable encampment. In the first -place, we were in convenient communication with our friends at home; -some of them visited us, also the wives of several of the officers, -and the camp had quite a home-like appearance. Then, too, we received, -from time to time, many well-filled boxes, and numerous other tokens -of regard which friends at home had prepared for us. A severe and -protracted storm delayed our departure, and some of these boxes which -had been anxiously awaited, and which we should have failed to receive -had it not been for the delay, made the closing days of our camp-life -at Newport News almost a continual feast. The scenes that followed the -arrival of these boxes were often amusing as well as touching. For -example: a day or two before our departure several boxes were received -by a squad of about fifteen men from one town. At the opening of the -boxes all were present, and as their contents were distributed these -sun-browned and apparently rough men, in the gladness of their hearts, -laughed, sung, and chatted like children. Impromptu speeches were made, -abounding in the most extravagant praise of those who had joined in -filling these richly-laden boxes. In the midst of this hilarity one -proposed seriously that God should be acknowledged in this reception of -these generous gifts. In a moment all heads were uncovered and bowed in -reverent silence, while one of the number gave thanks to the Giver of -all good for favors so kindly bestowed; and then, in tenderest words -and choked utterance, commended to His protection and care, the loved -ones at home who had been so thoughtful of them. - -The storm having passed, we struck our tents on the afternoon of -March 22d, and marched to the landing at Newport News. There seven -of the companies embarked on the steamer "Kennebec," the remaining -three companies,--B, C, K,--on the steamer "Mary Washington," with the -Forty-fifth Pennsylvania. - - - - -CHAPTER IV. - -THE KENTUCKY CAMPAIGN. - - -We left Newport News early the next morning, March 23d, and sailed -up the bay to Baltimore, where we arrived about three o'clock on the -morning of the 24th. The "Kennebec" hauled in at Pier No. 1, but we -did not land until afternoon. Cars then were in waiting for us, and we -learned that we were to go west by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, -Cincinnati, Ohio, being our destination. At Eutaw street soft bread -was issued to the men, and then, about six o'clock, we started on our -long journey. The freight-cars in which we were packed were crowded -with rough board seats, so that there was no room in which to lie -down; but the scenery through which we passed was of the wildest and -grandest description, and the journey throughout was one of thrilling -interest to all. In the early part of it we passed through Point of -Rocks, Berlin, Sandy Hook, and Harper's Ferry,--all familiar places. At -Harper's Ferry, where we arrived early in the morning of the 25th, we -had bread and coffee. For miles beyond the track had been torn up by -the rebels in the preceding year, and here and there the rails, twisted -by fire, lay in heaps by the roadside, unfit for further use. - -The country grew mountainous as we advanced. We reached Cumberland -about four o'clock in the afternoon. At Piedmont, which we reached -at six o'clock, we were most cordially entertained by the Fourteenth -Virginia regiment, which was guarding the railroad at this point. The -utmost good feeling was manifested; and, as we left our Virginia -comrades, to resume our journey, all joined in three rousing cheers. -After a most fatiguing ride, with little rest or sleep, we arrived at -Parkersburg on the Ohio river, about five o'clock in the afternoon -of the following day, March 26th. There we embarked on the steamer -"Bostonia," a fine, commodious boat. We left the landing about ten -P.M. It was a beautiful moonlight evening, and all greatly enjoyed the -change from the crowded cars. The next day was cool, but pleasant, and -we were delighted with the charming scenery through which we passed -as we rapidly glided down the river. At almost every place on the -Ohio side, and at some points on the opposite shore, we were greeted -with much enthusiasm. The people flocked _en masse_ to the banks of -the river, cheering and waving flags, and bidding us God-speed in our -efforts to win victory and peace. - -We reached Cincinnati about seven o'clock in the evening. The regiment -remained on the boat during the night, only the officers being allowed -to go ashore. Nor were the men allowed to land the next day. That they -were moved to indignation by this restriction was a natural result. -Other regiments of the corps, which had preceded us, had been most -cordially received by the citizens, and most hospitably entertained. -The sons of Massachusetts resident in the city were prepared to -give the Thirty-sixth a no less hearty welcome, and had provided a -breakfast to which the regiment was invited on the morning of the 28th. -Expectation ran high, and the regiment was putting on its finest airs -in anticipation of the reception, and especially at the prospect of -one good "square meal" after the long and tedious journey, when, for -some then unaccountable reason, the colonel declined the invitation, -and peremptorily refused to allow the men to go ashore. When this -became known the indignation of the men was almost unbounded, and their -disappointment found expression in words of bitter complaint, more -especially as this refusal seemingly cast a reflection on the good name -and discipline of the regiment. In this feeling of disappointment -the citizens most heartily shared, many of them visiting the boat, -and expressing their regrets. It was afterwards ascertained that, on -account of the bad conduct of some regiment that preceded us, General -Burnside had issued an order that no more regiments should stop in -the city. This relieved Colonel Bowman of the responsibility for the -disappointment of the men of his command; but the disappointment was no -less keenly felt. - -March 28th we crossed the river to the Kentucky shore, and landed at -Covington. There was some delay in procuring transportation; and, as -there was a large amount of whiskey near the station, some of the men -became not a little demoralized. One of this number had complained for -some time of severe lameness, and the surgeon, who had been puzzled -by his case, after watching him carefully, was about to secure his -discharge from the service. But, under the exhilaration of the hour, -forgetting his lameness, the man marched off so smartly that Colonel -Bowman informed him that the game was up; and, providing him with a -gun, ordered him back to his company. - -Leaving Covington at night, we found ourselves the next morning, -Sunday, March 29th, at Lexington, ninety-eight miles from Covington. -Here we encamped in a grove of black walnut trees, adjoining the -beautiful cemetery, in which a magnificent monument has been erected -over the remains of Kentucky's illustrious son, the brilliant orator -and statesman, Henry Clay. The shaft is of gray limestone, one hundred -and thirty-two feet in height, and is surmounted by Clay's statue. -Ashland, the residence of Henry Clay, is about a mile and a half -distant. - -Colonel Leasure, commanding the Third Brigade, was assigned to the -command of the post. In the days that followed, the Thirty-sixth was -engaged in doing provost duty in the city, and in building a fort. The -camp, although very attractive, and kept scrupulously clean, did not -prove a healthy one. The cold April weather, and the naturally moist -ground, as we were without fires in our tents, caused much sickness -from colds, chills, and intermittent fevers. - -On the 30th of March a pleasant surprise was given to the colonel, in -the presentation of an elegant equipage for his horse, by the sergeants -of the regiment. The horse had previously been presented to the colonel -by the commissioned officers. - -Nothing of especial interest occurred until Sunday, April 5th. On -that day a brigade service had been appointed, and at three o'clock -in the afternoon the Thirty-sixth and the One Hundredth Pennsylvania -assembled. In the midst of the service, orders came for us to break -camp immediately. We struck our tents, and marched to the depot, where -cars were in waiting. Our baggage was put on board, and we were off -for Cincinnati at half-past five. We reached Covington shortly after -midnight, but remained in the cars until morning. We then marched to an -open field near the station, and stacked arms. The colonel reported the -arrival of the regiment to General Burnside, and learned that it was -election day in Cincinnati, and we were there to quell any disturbance -that might arise at the polls. But no disturbance occurred. We remained -all day in the field near the depot, suffering not a little from the -cold, bleak wind. Tuesday morning, about half-past seven o'clock, we -left Covington, and reached Lexington about half-past three in the -afternoon, when we marched to our old camp-ground, and spent the rest -of the day in rearranging our quarters. On the journey we received a -hearty greeting from the Forty-fifth Pennsylvania, at Paris, where the -regiment was stationed, and also from the One Hundredth Pennsylvania, -at Lexington, on our return. - -The next morning, April 8th, greatly to our surprise, we received -orders, about eight o'clock, to strike tents. All was soon in -readiness, and the brigade, the One Hundredth Pennsylvania in advance, -marched through Lexington. The Thirty-sixth never made a better -appearance than in the streets of Lexington that day. We reached -Nicholasville about five o'clock in the afternoon, and encamped just -beyond the town. The next morning we resumed our march, about seven -o'clock. The men became quite footsore as we advanced, and many fell -out. About one o'clock we crossed the Kentucky river. The scenery was -most attractive, high rocky cliffs overhanging the river. We reached -Camp Dick Robinson, near Bryantsville, about four o'clock. The camp had -been occupied by the rebel General Bragg, who retreated on the approach -of the Union troops, having been informed by a citizen that a large -force was approaching. - -April 13th, General Welch, formerly colonel of the Forty-fifth -Pennsylvania, but recently promoted, arrived at Camp Dick Robinson, -and assumed command of the First Division. On the same day, Rev. C. M. -Bowers, of Clinton, Mass., reached our camp, on a visit to the company -from that town. When he returned home, a few days after, many of the -men sent by him money which the paymaster had just left in their hands, -and most kindly and faithfully he attended to the many little details -of business thus confided to him. - -The Forty-fifth Pennsylvania rejoined the brigade at this place. April -20th, Colonel Norton, who had been home on leave of absence, arrived -in camp. The next day, April 21st, Colonel Bowman received orders to -select four hundred men from his command, and to be ready to move -the next morning in light marching order. The battalion, commanded -by Colonel Bowman, left camp about six o'clock A.M., April 22d, in a -drenching rain, which continued until noon, when the sun came out very -warm, and made the march in the mud a fatiguing one. But the change -from the routine of camp-life to a march through a wild and beautiful -country was most exhilarating. At about three o'clock in the afternoon -the battalion reached Harrodsburg, an aristocratic town, largely in -sympathy with the rebellion, and encamped for the night on a beautiful -green slope just outside of the town. In the morning we marched through -the town again, exciting much curiosity and some enthusiasm. From -Harrodsburg the march was continued ten or twelve miles, through a most -delightful country, to the beautiful town of Danville, where we arrived -about two o'clock in the afternoon, and halted for dinner. A leisurely -march of about eight miles brought us, in the early evening, to our -quarters at Camp Dick Robinson. The purpose of this march has never -been disclosed. Colonel Bowman was not told. He was ordered to move; -the roads, the halting-places, etc., were designated, but concerning -the end in view he was not informed. - -The regiment, with the brigade, remained at Camp Dick Robinson until -April 30th, when we were aroused at four o'clock A.M., with orders -to move at six. At the appointed time we were on the march. It was a -beautiful day, and the roads were in excellent condition. We passed -through Lancaster about noon, and halted for dinner. Later in the -afternoon we encamped about a mile beyond Stanford. On the next day, -May 1st, we remained in camp until one o'clock P.M., when we continued -our march, and encamped about a mile beyond Hustonville. May 2d we -advanced about ten miles in the afternoon, and encamped at Middleburgh, -which is situated on a branch of the Green river. - -On these marches amusing incidents were of frequent occurrence. One -day the Twenty-seventh Michigan, a new regiment, had the advance; -and, like all new troops, the men marched too fast, and too long a -distance without rest. The next day the Forty-fifth Pennsylvania had -the lead, and the Twenty-seventh Michigan was sandwiched in between -the Forty-fifth and the Thirty-sixth. These two regiments had an -agreement in reference to the day's march. The Forty-fifth started off -with a long swing, and the Thirty-sixth followed up "right smart," in -rear of the Twenty-seventh. The result was that the Twenty-seventh -had a hard day of it. Many of the men fell out on the march, and -laid down by the roadside, exhausted. Of course it was a good pull -for the old regiments. One man in the Thirty-sixth fell down and -fainted apparently. His eyes closed, and he seemed to be in a bad way. -However, his case was not considered a serious one. The next morning -the surgeon, who had some suspicions that the man was "playing it," -asked him some amusing questions, and dismissed him without giving any -decision in his case. "What shall I mark him?" asked the sergeant; -"excused from duty, or not?" "Mark him for the land of Canaan," said -the surgeon. - -May 3d, the day after we reached Middleburgh, two colored boys came -into camp, one of whom Captain Raymond hired, and the other was hired -by the non-commissioned staff. The boys had just been arrayed in -United States blue when the master of Captain Raymond's boy made his -appearance with a cavalry officer, and, showing a writing, demanded -his slave. The boy was frightened at the sight of his master, and said -he would rather be shot where he was than go back to the whipping that -awaited him. But we had no authority to detain him, and the master took -him by the collar, and led him off. After he had gone, the other boy, -finding that we could give him no protection, thought he had better go -home voluntarily. So he started. Such, at that time, was the "peculiar -institution" in Kentucky. - -On the same day a Mr. Markham and three daughters--refugees from East -Tennessee--visited our camp. In September, 1861, they were living in -Scott County. One day a party of rebels approached the house in search -of the father, who was a Union man. One of the rebels came forward to -reconnoitre, and asked one of the daughters where her father was. She -declined to answer. He then advanced toward her with bayonet fixed. To -defend herself she seized an axe, and endeavored to parry his thrusts, -but he succeeded in forcing the bayonet into her skull, just above -the eye, putting out the eye, and causing the brain to protrude. The -father, hearing her cries, rushed from his hiding-place, and shot the -rebel dead. He then made his escape immediately. One of the sisters ran -to the house to warn her cousin to flee also; but, the rest of the -rebels coming up, he was soon killed. Two of their neighbors they hung, -and left on the tree. This was a new side of the war to us,--a side of -which we were to see more at a later period, when the regiment was in -East Tennessee. - -May 4th we moved our camp forward about a mile, in order to get -upon better ground. On the following day our regimental baggage was -reduced. Only three tents were allowed at head-quarters, while the -line officers had five tents instead of ten, as heretofore. Wednesday, -May 6th, at dress-parade a despatch from General Willcox to General -Welch, announcing cheering news from the Rappahannock, was read. Not -until two days later did we receive the tidings of Hooker's defeat -at Chancellorsville. On Sunday, May 10th, there were rumors of the -capture of Richmond. The first came early in the afternoon. Not long -after dress-parade Colonel Bowman received a despatch, stating that -Hooker, reinforced, had recrossed the Rappahannock, and that Stoneman -and Dix had raised the stars and stripes on the rebel capitol. The -news was at once communicated to the regiment, and was received with -the wildest enthusiasm. Fires were built on a high hill near the camp, -candles were issued to the men, and soon the camp of the Thirty-sixth -was all ablaze. Then the several companies, under command of Captain -Smith, with candles fixed on their bayonets, marched to the camp of the -Twenty-seventh Michigan and One Hundredth Pennsylvania, cheering and -receiving cheers from both regiments, which were in line to receive -us. When the regiment returned to camp there were congratulatory -speeches by Colonel Bowman, Acting Adjutant Hodgkins, Captain Warriner, -Lieutenant Brigham, and others. It was a fourth of July occasion. We -soon learned that we had exulted too soon. - -On Wednesday, May 13th, rumors of a rebel raid by Morgan reached us. -The pickets were strengthened and thrown farther out. Two days later -a limited number of furloughs were granted in each company, and the -men under Captain Raymond left for Stanford on their way home. There -was no further information concerning the rebel raid. The division -supply-trains moved back to Hustonville, also Edmunds' Battery. - -We remained at Middleburgh until Saturday, May 23d. On that day, at -noon, orders were received to move. The Thirty-sixth led the brigade -column. We encamped at night, about nine miles beyond Liberty, on the -banks of the Green river. There we remained over Sunday. On Monday, -May 25th, the bugles called us out at half-past three in the morning, -and at five we were on the road. Our march was through a thick forest -during a greater part of the day. About three o'clock in the afternoon -we encamped a short distance from Neatsville. On the following day, May -26th, the _reveillé_ was sounded at half-past two in the morning, and -we marched at half-past three. As on the preceding day, our route lay -through an almost unbroken forest. At half-past nine o'clock in the -forenoon we encamped about a mile from Columbia. - -May 27th we had orders to be in readiness to march at seven P.M., in -light marching order. At that time we left camp, with the One Hundredth -Pennsylvania and a section of Edmunds' Battery, Colonel Leasure in -command. Before reaching Columbia a squadron of cavalry joined us. It -was understood that we were in pursuit of Morgan's guerillas. Passing -through the town, we took the Waynesburgh road; but, after marching -a mile or so, we faced about, returned to town, and took the road to -Glasgow. It was a beautiful moonlight evening. The road was somewhat -rough, and mostly through woods. We reached Gradyville about one -o'clock on the morning of the 27th, and bivouacked for the rest of -the night. Later in the morning we marched to a grove of magnificent -beeches, on a hillside near by. There we remained all day, while the -cavalry scoured the neighborhood. About noon they brought in two rebel -officers. At night it commenced to rain, but we made ourselves as -comfortable as possible. - -The next day, Friday, May 29th, we marched about eight o'clock, and -found the road very rough as we advanced. Notwithstanding the rain, we -pushed on to Breedingsville, fourteen miles from Columbia and sixteen -from Burkesville, on the Cumberland river. Weary and wet, we sought -shelter for the night in the out-buildings of a farm-house, while our -cavalry scouts set out for the river. - -The next day, May 30th, the scouts having returned, we turned our faces -toward Columbia, which we reached between eleven and twelve o'clock in -the evening, having marched forty-seven miles during our absence from -camp, and captured twenty-five prisoners. - -Meanwhile a serious accident had occurred at the camp. The armorer was -repairing some guns. One, which was not supposed to be loaded, he put -into the fire for some purpose, and the gun was discharged. The ball -entered the tent of Quartermaster-Sergeant Joseph H. Sawyer, and struck -one of his knees. The wound was so severe that amputation was deemed -necessary, and the operation was skilfully performed by Surgeon Prince. - -Monday, June 1st, Colonel Bowman was assigned to the command of the -brigade, which now consisted of the Thirty-sixth Massachusetts, -Forty-fifth Pennsylvania, Seventeenth and Twenty-seventh Michigan -regiments. That night we received orders to march, and at once -proceeded to Jamestown, commonly called "Jimtown," on the Cumberland -river. It was twenty miles from Columbia, and we reached the place -about four o'clock Tuesday morning. We had hardly stacked arms on a -wooded hillside near the town when a sharp skirmish fire was heard on -the road at our right, and presently a squad of our cavalry dashed -up the road toward the town, followed closely by a company of rebel -horsemen. Our men were quickly in line of battle, under a ridge running -parallel with the road, and Companies A and F were thrown out as -skirmishers. But the rebels, at the first sight of our men, wheeled -and made good their escape. They had evidently intended to make a dash -into the town, but the timely arrival of our brigade was an unexpected -episode in the morning's adventure. - -One of the rebels a citizen soon brought in as a prisoner. It was found -that he had been thrown by his horse, and that the horse had escaped. -The citizen met the rebel as he was crossing a brook, after losing his -horse, and kindly offered to hold his gun--one of Colt's revolving -rifles--until he was over. The rebel innocently handed the gun to the -citizen, who at once informed him that he was his prisoner, and marched -him into our camp. Colonel Bowman gave the citizen the rifle as a -reward for his strategy. According to the prisoner, his party consisted -of three hundred men. He was a conscript from East Tennessee, he said, -and belonged to Pegram's command. - -Upon assuming command of the new brigade, which had been formed in -consequence of the reorganization of the division, Colonel Bowman -appointed First Lieutenant Raymond as acting assistant inspector -general, and Second Lieutenant Hodgkins as acting assistant adjutant -general of the brigade. The last-named officer had performed the duties -of adjutant of the regiment during the illness of Adjutant Ranlett, -from January 19th, until his appointment upon the brigade staff, when -the latter resumed his duties as adjutant. - -We remained at Jamestown until Thursday, June 4th, when at noon, to -the surprise of all, we received orders to proceed at once to Lebanon, -which was sixty miles away, our nearest railroad connection with the -North. Although we had had little or no rest for a week, in forty-eight -consecutive hours, including halts and sleep, we made the sixty miles, -arriving at Lebanon at noon, June 6th. And this long journey was -accomplished in heavy marching order, under a scorching sun, and in -dust which was almost insufferable. - -As his limb had not sufficiently healed, we were obliged to leave -Quartermaster-Sergeant Sawyer at Columbia. Private James E. Spear, of -Company B, remained with him, and both eventually succeeded in reaching -our lines in safety, having been paroled by John Morgan, who, with his -cavalry, drove out our cavalry two days after we left. - -At Lebanon we learned that our destination was Vicksburg, Miss., Grant -being in need of reinforcements. On the afternoon of the following -day, June 7th, we took the cars for Louisville, where we arrived late -at night, and the regiment was paid off in the depot. The next day we -crossed the Ohio, by ferry, to Jacksonville, Ind. There cars were in -waiting, and we proceeded to Cairo, Ill., by way of Seymour, Ind., and -Sandoval, Ill. All the way we were received with kindest attentions, in -many instances ladies remaining all night at the stations to serve us -with refreshments, and cheer us with loyal words. We reached Cairo on -the 9th of June. - - - - -CHAPTER V. - -IN THE REAR OF VICKSBURG. - - -Late in the afternoon of Wednesday, June 10th, the fine steamer -"Meteor," with the regiment (numbering about 760 officers and men), all -its camp equipage, and horses, cast off from the levee at Cairo, and -steamed down the river. The boat, though large, was somewhat crowded, -and deeply laden. A large part of the regiment was quartered on the -hurricane deck, which was the most comfortable part of the boat. The -officers had the use of the state-rooms and the cabin, and had no -reason to find fault with their accommodations. - -Many of the regiment had provided themselves with little maps of the -river, and, with true Yankee curiosity, studied the various points of -interest with the skill and style of veteran tourists. And truly these -points were not rare, for this region had already become famous in the -war's history. Before sunset the boat had passed the battle-field of -Belmont, Mo., the scene of General Grant's first battle of the war, -and Columbus, Kentucky. At the latter place the boat was brought to by -a shell across its bows, the captain, through neglect or ignorance, -failing in compliance with the rules of the river to report to the -commander of the place before passing. A short distance below Columbus -the boat was moored to the shore for the night, it not being considered -safe, at this season of low water, to move a heavily laden boat at -night. - -The following day passed somewhat slowly, the country through which -the Mississippi winds being low, monotonous, and with few features of -interest, Island No. 10 alone being worthy of note. Officers and men -amused themselves in various ways,--reading, writing, cards, etc. All -military duties being necessarily abandoned, it was a season of welcome -rest to all. - -At nine o'clock P.M. the boat arrived at Memphis, Tenn., where it -remained three days to await the remainder of the corps, which was -delayed up the river. This time passed rather heavily. On two occasions -the regiment landed, and the boat was thoroughly policed, the change -serving as a rest for all. General Potter, with his staff, came aboard -at Memphis. At six P.M. of June 14th the boat cast off, and steamed -down the river until dark, and then lay to for the night. All day of -the 15th moving rapidly South we reached Helena, Ark., where a brief -landing was made for forage and provisions. At night the boat stopped -near White River; and, being now in a thoroughly hostile region, a -picket was posted on shore, Captain Sawyer, of Company H, being in -command. Not long after dark, by some nervous sentry, an alarm was -given, which proved needless. "All quiet on White River" was the -watchword as the men lay down to rest for the night. - -The fleet, on leaving Memphis, consisted of five heavily laden -steamers, carrying the entire First Division of the corps, with all its -artillery, baggage, and animals. As the river, at certain points, is -narrow and densely wooded, affording excellent positions for ambuscades -of hostile parties, a guard was mounted on the upper deck of each boat, -with loaded rifles, and orders to scan the shore carefully at such -points. This was called the "guerilla guard." - -On the morning of the 16th, when the fleet got under way, a river -gun-boat joined us as escort, bringing up the rear of the line. Its -importance was soon felt by all. These boats were iron-clad, having -roofs slanting like the gable-roof of a house, with port-holes, out -of which grimly peeped the muzzles of some 10-pounder Parrott guns. -About eleven A.M., while in the neighborhood of Columbus, Ark., the -"Meteor," being in the van of the fleet, suddenly received from -the western shore a sharp volley, the bullets striking the boat -in several places, fortunately doing no serious injury. The boat -following the "Meteor," at the same time, was also fired on, and was -less fortunate, one man of the Seventeenth Michigan being wounded, and -two horses killed. The gun-boat and the "guerilla guards" immediately -opened a heavy fire. The enemy found the place rather hot, and soon -their gray-clad forms could be seen running "helter-skelter" from -their ambush. Whatever damage was done them we never knew; but it is -doubtful if they all escaped the Minies and bursting shells which for -a few minutes flew in volleys after them. This incident tended to -vary the monotony of life on board, and the usual good fortune of the -Thirty-sixth seemed to attend it still. Late in the afternoon the fleet -arrived at Lake Providence, and remained over night. This place was -famous for the feat of engineering which, by means of a short canal, -had shortened the river very much, by diverting the channel from one -of its great bends. The First Kansas and Sixteenth Wisconsin regiments -were stationed here, and the Massachusetts boys were soon fraternizing -with the hardy Western pioneers, armed in the same good cause. - -June 17th the boat entered the Yazoo river, and, at eleven A.M., -arrived at Snyder's Bluff, where the regiment debarked, and then -marched about four miles, passing Haines' Bluff. On every hand were -fortifications crowned with cannon, encampments of troops, army wagons, -etc., etc. - -This day, to a part of the regiment, was one of peculiar import. -Company B, of Charlestown, had in its ranks many who were lineal -descendants of the men who made the 17th of June glorious in our -history; and to them the booming of the cannon, heard from early in -the day, was a grim reminder of many a holiday at Bunker Hill, where, -to use a trite expression, "the day was ushered in with the ringing of -bells and firing of guns." - -The first impressions of the men upon landing, far from favorable, -were never changed, except for the worse. In many places the soil was -so dry and parched with the heat that it seemed to have cracked open -like a blistered skin beneath the tropical rays of the sun. The wind -blew hot from every point of the compass, bringing clouds of dust -along with it. Gnats and flies made night hideous, and drove sleep -from the weary. Venomous snakes and other reptiles infested the woods -and thickets. Lizards soon became no novelty, and even the resort of -keeping them out of one's boots, by wearing them day and night, would -not prevent their crawling down one's back occasionally, causing a -sensation like an animated icicle. - -But these were minor inconveniences. It is not pleasant to have a -thunder-squall burst almost from a clear sky and find the guys of one's -tent slacked up for air. Any old soldier knows the result of such -negligence. It means a sudden breaking up of house-keeping, and a wet -day to move. - -During the 18th, 19th, and part of the 20th of June, the regiment lay -quietly in camp in a wood somewhere in the township of Milldale, a very -pleasant and picturesque spot. The wild magnolia trees, now in full -bloom, filled the air with their fragrance. From many of the trees hung -the "Spanish moss," which was gathered in large quantities and used for -beds, and it proved an agreeable variation from the hard, limestone -beds of Kentucky. At three o'clock P.M., of June 20th, the regiment -marched about three miles, and went into camp at a cross-road, which -proved to be its permanent location during the rest of the siege of -Vicksburg. The One Hundred and Fourteenth Illinois Regiment, which had -been stationed here, gave way to the Thirty-sixth, and went down into -the trenches at Vicksburg. - -This point was considered an important one, and the camp of the -regiment was arranged in a kind of semicircle, crossing the road -leading to Vicksburg, with a strong picket thrown out for about a mile -through the forest road which led to the Big Black river. Rifle-pits -were dug, and trees cut away to give sweep for a long distance to -the artillery. At this point Durrell's Battery of the First Division -was placed in position commanding the different approaches. These -precautions were rendered necessary by the presence of a large rebel -force, under General Joe Johnston, just across the Big Black; and it -appeared that to the Ninth Corps was assigned the important duty of -watching him and protecting our men before Vicksburg from an attack in -the rear. Grant's army, therefore, presented the singular and rather -precarious military spectacle of facing in two directions, the one -portion attacking Pemberton, shut up with over thirty thousand in -Vicksburg, and the other facing Johnston, who, with a force estimated -at between thirty and forty thousand, was manœuvring to break in and -raise the siege. The latter was liable to be heavily reinforced at any -moment, and there was no little anxiety in the mind of the commanding -general lest this should come to pass. - -As the Thirty-sixth Regiment was not a part of the line attacking -Vicksburg, it is not perhaps necessary to say much concerning the city -and its defences. - -The Mississippi river, about six miles above Vicksburg, bends suddenly -to the north-east, runs in this direction six miles and then turns -as suddenly to the south-west. By this bend in the river a tongue of -land reaches out from the Louisiana shore, and near the end of this -tongue, just below the bend, on the left bank of the river, stands -Vicksburg, on a bluff of some two hundred feet or more in height. -Being also higher than any ground in its rear, it was a position of -unusual strength, completely controlling the river, though Admiral -Porter had succeeded, with considerable loss, in running the batteries -with a part of his fleet. Stretching away from Vicksburg to the -north-east is a range of hills, called Walnut Hills, which terminate -at Haines' Bluff, on the Yazoo river. Here the rebels had erected -heavy batteries commanding the river, and had forced General Grant to -approach Vicksburg from the south. In the great battles at Champion -Hill, Raymond and Baker's Creek, Grant had succeeded in separating the -forces of Pemberton and Johnston; and, following up the former, had -driven him into Vicksburg, at this time getting possession of Haines' -Bluff. This gave him a good base for supplies, and direct communication -by river with the north. Before commencing a regular siege, it was -determined to try and carry Vicksburg by assault. It was thought that -the demoralized condition of Pemberton's army, whipped from place to -place, would render them hopeless of success, and a long and tiresome -siege be avoided. The commanding general, officers, and men, were all -of one mind in this matter, and the soldiers were eager for the assault. - -On the 22d of May an attempt was made along the entire line to -storm the city, but without success. The rebels, at last driven to -desperation, and protected by their ramparts, fought well, and after -heavy loss it was found impossible to break through at any part of -their lines. - -Regular approaches were now commenced by sappers, and General Grant, -finding his ranks thinning by the severity of the trench service, -the increasing heat of summer, and Johnston, with a large force, -threatening his rear, called for reinforcements. Such, briefly, was the -condition of affairs, and such were the reasons which found the Ninth -Corps and the Thirty-sixth Massachusetts in their present position. - -The history of the regiment for the fortnight ending with the fall of -Vicksburg can be briefly written. It is a story of discomforts, from -causes before enumerated, against which the men fortified themselves by -all the means possible. Tents were made comparatively comfortable by -cane-pole shades and beds of moss and grass. No duties were required -except picket and such as were absolutely necessary. Parties were -detailed from time to time to help dig rifle-pits, for it was thought -best to be well prepared for any sudden and violent attack of Johnston. -A large part of the line held by the Ninth Corps was fortified in this -way. But the work was done as much as possible during the cooler parts -of the day, morning and night. There was not a dress-parade of the -regiment during the Mississippi campaign. Not much can be said of the -rations, though they were, perhaps, as good as the men had been in the -habit of receiving. On the 26th of June Quartermaster Francis B. Rice -was discharged, and Lieutenant Cutter, of Company D, was appointed -quartermaster. - -June 29th the whole First Division, with the exception of the -Thirty-sixth Regiment and Durrell's Battery, moved out several miles to -the front, and the head-quarters of the brigade were about five miles -distant. Company F was at this time on duty at corps head-quarters. -Cases of sickness became more numerous every day. Captains Bailey, -Sawyer, and Lieutenant Howe, were all sick at this time, the latter -with small-pox, which he was supposed to have contracted in visiting -a hospital at Memphis. He died July 7th. He was a graduate of -Amherst College, where he achieved distinction in the department of -mathematics. In character and conduct, during his connection with the -regiment, he showed that he was a true man and a faithful soldier. -When it became known that this dire disease had broken out among us -there was much anxiety and alarm in the regiment, for the possibility -of its spreading was great, and there was no way to meet it with usual -precaution, the medical department being poorly supplied. A hospital -was established at some distance from the regiment, and as soon as any -man showed symptoms of the disease he was removed to it. In this way -the spread of the disease was checked. - -July 2d, burial service, with military honors, was performed over the -remains of Private Boswell, of Company C, who died in the regimental -hospital, July 1. Each day seemed to have some event of more or less -importance to vary the monotony of camp life, which was now about to -be disturbed by events of great moment, and from the dull routine of -daily life to be changed to the more severe duties of the march and -battle-field. Even now, in the distant North, the two great armies of -the Potomac and Northern Virginia, under Meade and Lee, were grappling -with each other on the soil of Pennsylvania, and the fate of the nation -was trembling in the balance on the slopes of Cemetery Ridge, at -Gettysburg. Massachusetts was pouring out her blood freely on that now -historic field, while far away, in the south-west, her sons stood ready -to uphold her fame and carry her white flag, side by side with the -stars and stripes, to victory. The moment pregnant with heroic effort -and sacrifice was at hand. - -For a week prior to the 4th of July rumors of the impending surrender -or storming of Vicksburg prevailed in the camp. The last extremity -of famine was nearly reached by the beleaguered rebels, who boasted -from their ramparts of the tenderness of mule steaks. No hope remained -for them save from without, and Lee was too closely occupied with his -movement into Pennsylvania to despatch any of his force to Pemberton's -relief. Johnston clung to the east bank of the Big Black river. General -McPherson's corps had pushed the lines of investment up under the very -forts of the enemy, and there seemed to be nothing left but to carry -their works by assault, or wait for famine to do its work. The roar -of artillery was incessant. Day and night, with scarcely a moment's -interval, the heavy booming of the siege guns was heard, and a thick -cloud of smoke hung ever like a pall over the doomed city. If a rebel -showed so much as a hand above the fortifications he became the target -of our vigilant riflemen, and the enemy found it impossible to man -and serve his artillery, so deadly was the fire. If morning revealed -some place where the rebels had repaired the ramparts and brought some -guns into position, ten minutes sufficed for our artillery utterly to -destroy the work of the night. Their works were mined; but, wherever -they suspected a mine, resort was had to countermining, and for a time -spades were trumps at Vicksburg. - -At three o'clock P.M., of July 3d, Generals Grant and Pemberton met -under a flag of truce. Pemberton proposed that his army be allowed -to march out with the honors of war, carrying their muskets and -field-pieces, but leaving their heavy artillery. Grant smiled at this -proposal. The interview terminated in an hour, with the understanding -that Grant should send in his _ultimatum_ before ten o'clock that -night. This _ultimatum_ was, that Pemberton should surrender Vicksburg -with all its property, his officers being allowed to retain their -side-arms, and the officers and men should be paroled as prisoners of -war. It was accepted, and, on the morning of the 4th of July, General -Logan's division of McPherson's corps took possession of the works of -Vicksburg, the rebels marching out, stacked their arms, and laid their -colors on the stacks. The Forty-fifth Illinois Regiment marched at the -head of Logan's column, and placed its flag upon the Court-House. The -magnitude of this victory is apparent from the fact that it comprised -in its results 31,600 officers and men (2,153 of whom were officers, -and 15 of these generals), munitions of war sufficient for an army of -60,000, 172 cannon, many locomotives, cars, and steamboats, and large -quantities of cotton and other valuable merchandise. - - - - -CHAPTER VI. - -THE MOVEMENT ON JACKSON. - - -Hardly had the news of the surrender become known to the regiment, -however, before orders came to break camp and prepare for field service -in light marching order. - -This was in accordance with an order which General Sherman had received -directing him to take his own corps, the Fifteenth, the Ninth Corps, -to which was temporarily assigned General Smith's division of the -Sixteenth Corps, and the Thirteenth Corps, now under General Ord, -pursue Johnston, and capture or destroy his army. General Grant's order -read as follows: "I want you to drive Johnston out in your own way, and -inflict upon the enemy all the punishment you can. I will support you -to the last man that can be spared." - -Before ten o'clock A. M., July 4th, Sherman's army was in motion, and -by various roads moving rapidly toward the Big Black river. Johnston, -finding himself suddenly an object of particular interest, commenced -a precipitate retreat toward Jackson, feebly disputing our advance -in some places where the ground was favorable. Upon the receipt of -marching orders the picket of the Thirty-sixth was hastily called in, -and the regiment was soon on the march to overtake the brigade, which -it did not do, however, until the next day. - -A considerable part of the 6th was occupied by the regiment, and men of -other regiments in the brigade, in constructing a bridge across the Big -Black river at a place called Birdsongs Ferry. This was a good, strong -piece of work, and over it a large part of the army passed in safety. -General Ord's two divisions crossed at the railroad some distance -below, and the Fifteenth Corps at Messenger's Bridge. - -From the 4th to the 10th of July the army pushed steadily on, -overcoming many obstacles, skirmishing sharply day and night with -Johnston's rear guard, and encountering sufferings from the heat and -exposure to sun and tempest and malarial swamps, that are well-nigh -indescribable. The rebels, as they retreated, poisoned the wells, -or killed animals in the ponds or streams, their putrid carcasses -rendering the water unfit for use. Such acts only reacted upon -themselves, for it enraged the army from the commanding general down to -the private soldier, and they would have saved themselves the pillage -and devastation that marked our line of march, had they adopted the -rules of honorable warfare. But it seemed, in their case, as if the old -proverb was true, that "whom the gods wish to destroy, they first make -mad." - -The rapid advance of the army made it impossible for the supply-trains -to keep up, and for days the rations consisted of the unripe corn, -roasted in the husks. All fared alike, officers and men. The tents -and all the baggage, save blankets, had been left behind, and, during -this campaign of three weeks, the regiment slept with the sky for a -canopy, exposed to the deadly night-air and frequent tempests. Nights -when no humane man would drive a dog out of doors found this entire -army in the open field. Late in the afternoon of July 7th, while on the -march, a thunder-storm burst upon us that no man of this regiment, then -present, will ever forget, and one that the natives call the severest -known in that region for years. The storm came apparently from all -directions, and lasted over two hours. The lightning struck all around, -and the roar of thunder was incessant. The horses became terrified, and -officers were forced to dismount and lead them. The mud was ankle-deep, -and finally impeded the movement of the artillery, which stuck in the -roads up to the hubs and blocked the passage of the infantry. About -10 P.M. the storm lulled, and the regiment went into bivouac in an -open field, and the men were ordered to make themselves comfortable. -Then came a second edition of the storm,--if possible, worse than the -first,--and there, shelterless in that open field, the boys stood in -grim despair and let it pelt. Finally, with the stolid indifference of -desperation the men laid down in the mud of that old stubble-field and -made themselves comfortable. But all things come to an end, and so at -last did the storm, when the field was quickly ablaze with camp-fires, -and a dipper of hot coffee, innocent of milk or sugar, revived the -spirits of the men. - -Jackson, the capital of Mississippi, is situated on the west or right -bank of the Pearl river, in a very fertile and pleasant region. Being -at the juncture of the Vicksburg and Meridian and Mississippi Central -Railroads, it is a position of great strategical importance. The State -House, which cost half a million dollars, Executive Mansion, State -Lunatic Asylum, and Penitentiary are the principal buildings; but -being the seat of government, as well as a considerable commercial -mart, there are many fine residences in the town and its suburbs. The -site of the town itself is rather level, but back of it the country is -undulating and well adapted for defence. It was expected that Johnston -had been preparing for the present emergency, and had fortified the -place extensively. The moral effect of the loss of the town would be -great, and the idea was quite prevalent that it would be desperately -defended. Indeed, as the army approached it, the more stubborn -resistance of Johnston's forces indicated that they intended to dispute -possession of their capital. - -In the afternoon of July 10th the Ninth Corps came out into open -country in sight of the town. As the different regiments and batteries -debouched from the woods the colors were unfurled. It was a beautiful -sight, that "battle's magnificently stern array." The sun was about an -hour high, and its slanting rays glanced brightly from the muskets and -the brass field-pieces. A gentle breeze stirred the silken folds of -the standards, and made them float proudly and defiantly. Conspicuous -among them could be seen the white flag of Massachusetts, carried by -the Twenty-ninth, Thirty-fifth, and Thirty-sixth regiments. Sloping -away in front was the valley along which extends the track of the -Mississippi Central Railroad. Beyond, the ground rose gradually for -about an eighth of a mile, and the crest was crowned with a dense -wood, in the edge of which could be seen the rebel gray uniforms, and -the gleaming of bayonets. The lines were formed. The Thirty-sixth -Massachusetts held the extreme right of the First Division, having -on its left the remainder of the First Brigade, the Seventeenth and -Twenty-seventh Michigan, and the Forty-fifth Pennsylvania deployed as -skirmishers along the entire brigade front. On the right was Smith's -division of the Sixteenth Corps, and connecting with the Thirty-sixth -Massachusetts was the Forty-sixth Ohio. What a glorious sight! The -old Bay State, with Ohio on her right, and Michigan on her left, -Pennsylvania leading, about to close in conflict with Mississippi, -and far away on the right stretch the dark blue lines of Sherman's -veterans, famous in later times from "Atlanta to the Sea." And now -there was a pause, a silence that was ominous. Meanwhile, the intervals -were closed, and alignments rectified. Curiously we peered into the -distant wood, wondering whether it masked the rebel artillery. Where -could they find a better place to use grape and canister? In the rear -the splendid battery of the First Division was preparing for action. -Lieutenant Benjamin's famous twenty-pounder rifled Parrotts, Battery E, -Second United States Artillery, whose iron throats had carried dismay -and death into the rebel ranks in other fields, far away in Virginia, -Maryland, and North Carolina, were about to speak. Breathlessly all -awaited the puff and the angry flash. It came, and over the valley, -with a scream and whir-r-r, was hurled the iron messenger of death. -It struck exactly on the crest of the hill, and exploded. Scarcely -had the reverberation ceased, when the order was passed along the -line: "Battalion forward! Guide centre, march!" With a simultaneous -movement the lines advanced, slowly at first, but more rapidly as -they approached the railroad. Behind us the Parrotts were talking in -thunder tones that shook the very earth, and the shells were screaming -overhead. The gallant Forty-fifth crossed the railroad, and their thin -line was soon seen pushing up the hill. The Thirty-sixth followed in -steady line of battle. The suspense was awful. Why don't they open -fire? On the rebel side, save a few scattering Minies, that sang -harmlessly by, all was silent. Suddenly the men became enthusiastic. -With a "Hurrah," the men rushed up the hill. The rebels fired a -scattering volley, and fell back upon their second line. The wood was -gained, and with no loss. A few moments sufficed to re-form the lines, -which again moved forward, passing the State Lunatic Asylum,--a large, -white marble building, whose inmates, wild with the excitement of the -unusual scene, raved at the regiment from the iron-barred corridors. A -guard was placed upon the building, to protect the unfortunates. The -lines moved cautiously forward, until the skirmishers were checked, and -the rebel line developed. But the shades of night were now darkening -the landscape, and orders were received to establish a strong picket, -and hold the position until morning. Weary with the march and exciting -close of the day, all gladly improved the opportunity for rest, laid -down with loaded rifles by their side, or gathered in groups, and -discussed the events of the day, or speculated upon the morrow. And -some, alas! laid down that night to happy sleep, who, ere another came, -were lying in a soldier's grave. Save occasional sharp firing by the -pickets, the night passed quietly. - -At three o'clock A.M. of the 11th the men were noiselessly aroused, -and coffee, prepared by the company cooks, was served out. With -the earliest streak of dawn the lines again moved forward, and the -skirmishing opened sharply. The rebels yielded ground stubbornly, but -were forced back into their main line of defence,--a formidable work -constructed of cotton bales. Here they opened a heavy fire of grape and -canister, against which it was impossible to advance. But not an inch -was yielded. The brigade laid flat on the ground, and the iron storm -passed over, doing little damage. The line was formed in a wood, in -front of which was an open field, the other side of which, about two -hundred yards distant, was held by the rebels, and their riflemen were -in trees, picking off our men, wherever exposed. The skirmishers of the -Forty-sixth Ohio suffered considerable loss, being less sheltered by -the wood than those of our brigade. Nothing farther could be done until -artillery could be brought up; but the ground was unfavorable for it, -and matters came to a pause. - -Lieutenant Benjamin reconnoitred the ground and the position of the -enemy, but could not find any position which gave him room to work -his guns. All day the regiment lay under a constant and galling fire -awaiting orders. - -Companies A and F were sent out to skirmish, relieving the Forty-fifth -Pennsylvania. Captain Draper was ordered to connect with the -skirmishers of Smith's division, who were said to be in position in a -wood at our right, and several hundred yards to the front. In our own -front was an open field, sloping toward the enemy's position. The two -companies promptly deployed, and went forward on the double-quick, -driving in the rebel pickets, only to find that the line supposed to -be General Smith's skirmishers was the rebel main line. They opened -fire, killing two and wounding six of Company F, who, with Company -A, returned the fire. Seeing that some mistake had been made, and to -prevent needless sacrifice, Captain Draper ordered a retreat, halting -at a point midway between the enemy's line and our own, where the -ground afforded some protection. Here the two companies held their -position nearly all day until relieved. - -The rebels during this time were unable to send out any more pickets, -owing to our fire; but several adventurous men among them tried to -observe our movements, and take an occasional shot by climbing trees -inside their lines. Our boys had the good fortune to bring two or -three of them to the ground during the day, Sergeant Daniel Wright, -afterwards lieutenant, making one of the successful shots. The loss in -Company F was two killed and six wounded. George H. Ellis, of Milford, -one of the killed, was shot through the breast. This young man, the -only son of a widowed mother, was a favorite in his company and with -all who knew him. He had been acting as clerk at head-quarters until -just prior to the commencement of this movement, and by his cheerful -and gentlemanly conduct had won the regard of all the officers there. -His death was deplored by all. Amos Hoyt was also killed, shot through -the stomach. O. Howard, James Smith, T. L. Ellsworth, J. C. Higgins, D. -Perham, and E. W. Anson, were wounded. Company A, being less exposed, -met with no loss, though it also received a heavy fire from the rebel -sharp-shooters. - -This loss in Company F can only be considered as an unnecessary one. No -impression was made upon the enemy; the main line was not advanced, for -the First Division was now close upon the enemy, and any advance would -have brought on a general engagement, which, it seems, General Sherman -did not desire. There was evidently some misunderstanding between -Generals Sherman and Parke, for the latter had made all his disposition -for an assault on the morning of the 11th. This may have been caused by -the check met with by the Thirteenth Corps, on the right. One division -of this corps, General Lauman's, had been roughly handled, and repulsed -with a loss of over five hundred men and some colors. The position of -Johnston's forces was stronger than had been expected, and his troops -fought well. There was much anxiety on the part of both Colonel Bowman, -commanding the brigade, and Lieutenant-Colonel Norton, commanding the -Thirty-sixth Regiment, when Companies A and F were ordered out without -supports, and only positive orders prevented Colonel Norton from going -out with his regiment to the support of these companies when it was -learned what their position was. If a reconnaissance was the object it -was eminently successful; but otherwise the brave advance of Company F -can only be cited as a proof of the good fighting qualities of the men, -and a credit to their discipline. - -The skirmishers upon the right of the First Brigade were not more -than two rods in advance of the position held by the Thirty-sixth -Massachusetts, and it was with this line that Companies A and F were to -connect. There were some very dangerous intervals between the different -brigades, considering the near proximity of the rebel force, and only -good luck, or the concealment afforded by the woods, prevented their -being observed and taken advantage of by the enemy. - -Toward night a thunder-squall came up, and for over an hour the battle -raged with even greater fury, the booming of man's artillery seeming -to vie with Heaven's. It was a perfect pandemonium of sound. The rain -fell in torrents, the lightning flashed, thunder pealed incessantly, -and shot and shell from the rebel guns fell and burst around. It -seemed as if "man fought on earth, and fiends in upper air." At four -P.M. Companies A and F were relieved by E and K. The latter had hardly -taken position when they were handsomely charged upon by the rebel -skirmishers, who were as handsomely repulsed, Captain Warriner being in -command of the picket. That night the men lay on their arms quietly, -and on the morning of the 12th the brigade was relieved by a brigade of -the Second Division, and marched to the rear, taking a position near -the Lunatic Asylum. - -The movement now settled down into the nature of a siege. General -Sherman, being desirous of saving life, resolved upon regular -approaches by rifle-pits to force a surrender of the city. During the -12th and 13th the regiment lay quietly in the rear, resting and keeping -as cool as possible in the shelter of a piece of wood. Occasionally the -rebels would throw a thirty-two pound shot over into our neighborhood, -creating some excitement, but doing no harm. - -On the 14th and 15th the regiment was again at the front, and occupied -the rifle-pits, Major Goodell being in command. No loss was suffered -during these two days, the men having good shelter and having learned -not to expose themselves unnecessarily. The heaviest fighting seemed -to be upon the extreme right, the lines of investment having the Pearl -river on both flanks. - -Some exciting incidents occurred, from time to time, to vary the -monotony. One day the men of the Second Michigan lost their temper; and -with the idea, perhaps, of taking Jackson alone, made a gallant charge, -breaking through two lines of rebels, greatly to the astonishment of -the second line, whose arms were stacked and the men here and there, -not expecting callers. Not being supported, they were compelled to fall -back, which they did, very coolly, bringing their killed and wounded. - -Even a battle is not without its laughable side. One day, while the -regiment was in reserve, the men occupied in various ways to kill time, -suddenly shouting and firing were heard on the right. The noise rapidly -increased and approached, and, its cause being doubtful, the men fell -in on the stacks. Presently there came dashing along a black pig, one -of the semi-wild species which wander about in this region, and had -rashly approached the lines, not being aware that pork was a favorite -dish. He met with a warm reception. A sharp fusillade was opened upon -him, and piggy fell, covered with glory, having almost attained the -honor of breaking through the lines of the Fifteenth Corps. Ere the -echo of his dying squeal had fairly ceased he was broiling in steaks -over the camp-fires. - -July 12th news was received of the fall of Port Hudson, the battle of -Gettysburg, and the defeat of Lee. The cheering along the lines was -deafening, and the drooping spirits of all were roused by the glorious -tidings. Early on the morning of the 13th the rebels made a sudden -and vigorous sortie in front of Colonel Griffin's command. They were -repulsed with severe loss, and did not repeat the attempt. - -On the 16th General Potter, with the Second Division and Smith's -division, made a reconnoissance. They advanced until the enemy -opened heavily with shell and canister, when they fell back, having -accomplished the desired end of discovering the exact position and -strength of the enemy. This day General Sherman received a large supply -of ammunition, of which he had run very short, and it was determined to -bombard the works and assault them on the 17th; but during the night -the enemy's artillery and wagons could be distinctly heard moving -through the town, and, when morning dawned, a white flag was seen on -the rebel earthworks. General Ferrero's brigade, in which was the -Thirty-fifth Massachusetts, entered Jackson, placed guards over the -public property, and sent out parties to pick up stragglers from the -retreating rebels. One thirty-two pounder was found in their works, -about one thousand stand of arms, and a large quantity of munitions of -war. One officer and one hundred and thirty-seven men were captured. -The railroad depot, and a few buildings containing public property, -were destroyed. The flag of the Thirty-fifth Massachusetts waved from -the dome of the capitol of Mississippi. - -General Johnston, in his "Narrative" (page 209), says his army -retreated east, to Brandon, where some soldiers, who had been asleep -when he evacuated Jackson rejoined him late in the day, "and reported -that at the time they left Jackson, at seven or eight o'clock, the -enemy had not discovered his [Johnston's] retreat." This is incorrect. -In the report of the Adjutant-General of Massachusetts, 1863, the -Thirty-fifth Massachusetts reports as follows: "_At about daylight_, -discovering that the enemy's works were evacuated, moved forward," etc. -The writer of these pages recorded, in a diary written on the spot, the -following: "_At daylight_ this morning the Second Division, being in -front, heard loud cheering, and learned that the rebels had evacuated -Jackson." In a letter written home at the time, I also find these -words: "_At six o'clock_ this morning it was found that the enemy had -abandoned Jackson, and General Ferrero's brigade _at once_ entered the -city." Certainly this should dispose of the charge of lack of vigilance -on our part. It seems that these men did not report how they got -across Pearl river, the bridges of which were destroyed by Johnston's -rear guard before daylight, and if they were not aroused by their own -comrades movements it is not very strange that the retreat was not -discovered by our pickets. In this engagement Johnston had about 28,000 -by his own admission,[3] though the rebel Secretary of War reported -his force at 34,000. Johnston reported his army drawn from different -commands, as follows: From Pemberton, 9,831; Bragg, 7,939; Beauregard, -6,283; in all, 24,053. He also had a force of about 2,500 cavalry under -General Jackson. These figures are no doubt nearly correct. The lines -around Jackson were defended by these troops in four divisions,--the -right, under General Loring, extending from Pearl river to the Canton -road; General Walker's division, from the Canton road to across the -Clinton road; General French's division, from the Clinton road to -the New Orleans Railroad, and the left, under General Breckenridge, -extended from the railroad to the river. That part of the line held by -General Walker was in front of the Thirty-sixth Massachusetts. - -[3] Johnston's "Narrative," page 195. - -General Johnston reported his loss in the battle 71 killed, 504 -wounded, and 25 missing. As we captured 138 prisoners, there seems to -be a wide discrepancy between their _missing_ and our _captures_. It -is, therefore, quite probable that the rebel losses were much greater -than their general admits in killed and wounded. - -The losses on our part, according to General Sherman's report, were -as follows: Thirteenth Corps, 762 killed wounded, and missing; Ninth -Corps, 37 killed, 258 wounded, 33 missing; Fifteenth Corps, a few; -number not stated. General Sherman also adds that he captured, in all, -over 1,000 prisoners during the battle. These captures must have been -made by the Thirteenth and Fifteenth Corps. The latter, Sherman's own -corps, consisted of the First and Third Divisions, under Generals -Steele and Tuttle, and held the centre; the Thirteenth Corps, as before -remarked, being on the right. Why this fine corps, the Fifteenth, was -held back, and allowed to take so little part in this battle, as is -evident from their slight loss, is among the mysteries of the war. -The battle seemed to be one of disjointed attacks, first in one place -and then another. It was the general opinion among the officers that -a simultaneous and vigorous assault of Johnston's lines on the first -day of the fight would have carried them. It is possible that General -Sherman feared to risk the consequences of a repulse so far from any -base or reinforcements. The movement up to the attack upon Jackson was -a bold one, and boldly pushed. Much dissatisfaction was expressed that -an affair that might have been settled in a day should have dragged -along a week in this most trying season of the year for such work. -General Johnston felt well satisfied to be able to draw off his army -safely from what might have been made a second Vicksburg. - -It was hoped that the capture of Jackson would be the close of the -campaign, the impolicy of pursuing a demoralized enemy further at -this season being apparent to all. But there was hard work yet to do. -Scarcely was it known that the city was in possession of our forces ere -marching orders were received, and together with the other regiments of -the First Division the Thirty-sixth marched about eight miles north, to -a place called Grant's Mills, where we bivouacked for the night. Early -on Saturday, the 18th, we marched five miles and struck the Mississippi -Central Railroad. During this day and until ten A.M. of the 19th the -regiment was engaged in destroying this railroad. Tough work it would -have been, even in the coolest weather and under the most favorable -circumstances; but under a burning July sun, with no shelter, the work -was terribly exhausting. The method of proceeding was to tear up the -rails and lay them crosswise with alternate rows of sleepers. When a -pile was built as high as the rails could be lifted, a fire was kindled -beneath, and the rails, red-hot, were warped and ruined by the weight -of the mass of rails and sleepers above. Another way was to heat the -middle of a rail red hot and twist it around a tree. In this way about -ten miles of this railroad were destroyed by the division in two days, -rendering a main line of transportation useless and seriously crippling -the rebel communications. - -At noon of the 19th, after setting fire to a depot which burned like a -tinder-box, we commenced the return march to Jackson. The fatigues and -sufferings of this march were partially forgotten in the glad tidings -which there awaited us, that the Ninth Corps was under orders to -proceed North at once. - -At three A.M., July 20th, the regiment was on the march, and with the -exception of a halt from eleven A.M. to three P.M. marched till dark, -in all a distance of eighteen miles. - -In recalling this day and the one following no man of the Thirty-sixth -can fail to be overcome with the memories to which it will give rise. -The regiment was a mere wreck. When it halted for the night, on the -20th, one man of Company E dropped down and died of exhaustion, and -while on the march one of Company H died from the same cause in an -ambulance. When the regiment halted at noon of the 21st it did not -stack one hundred guns, and, for no apparent reason whatever, on these -two days, the regiment marched a distance of thirty-two miles. The -heat and dust were overpowering, and officers forgot all discipline -and straggled with the rest. The ambulance and teams were crowded with -exhausted men. At nine P.M. of the 21st the regiment halted about a -mile from the Big Black river, bivouacking in a cornfield; a delightful -place in some respects, because lying between the hills one could not -easily roll out of bed, and the savory diet on which the regiment had -regaled for about three weeks could be picked in all its luxuriance -from the bed-posts. The single objection to cornstalks two or three -inches in diameter for bedding is that they have a depressing influence -upon the bones of the hips and back. - -July 22d the regiment did not move until noon, and then only four -miles, crossing the Big Black river, and camped in a shady wood, with -plenty of water at hand. It appeared to have dawned upon some one -in command of this division or corps that there is a limit to man's -endurance. July 23d _reveillé_ was sounded at two A.M. and, marching at -four, we pushed on rapidly, the day being unusually comfortable, and at -eleven o'clock A.M., after a march of fourteen miles, arrived at the -old camp at Milldale. - -The condition of the regiment at this time was miserable indeed. -Sixteen cases of small-pox and varioloid, three being officers, were -under treatment, and the regimental hospital was filled with sick. The -adjutant's morning report of July 24th was as follows: 6 officers and -98 men present sick, and 63 men absent in hospitals, 25 officers and -343 men present for duty. - -It was a season of general depression among all, and the only thing -to relieve the gloom was the prospect of a speedy departure for the -North,--an event most anxiously awaited and desired. To add to the -general discouragement, a number of officers of the regiment who had -resigned received their discharge. Colonel Bowman, Lieutenant-Colonel -Norton, and Lieutenants Tucker and Holbrook left for the North August -2d, making six officers lost to the regiment since its arrival in -Mississippi. Major Goodell took command of the regiment July 30th. The -resignation of Colonel Bowman left the brigade in command of Colonel -David Morrison, of the Seventy-ninth New York "Highlanders," and the -brigade was now composed of the Seventy-ninth New York, Forty-fifth -Pennsylvania, Eighth and Seventeenth Michigan, and Thirty-sixth -Massachusetts,--the entire brigade numbering hardly five hundred men -fit for service. - - - - -CHAPTER VII. - -THE RETURN TO KENTUCKY. - - -The days between our arrival at Milldale and the departure for the -North were devoted to rest and recruiting the shattered strength of the -men. Never was rest so welcome, never so necessary, as now. Various -diseases prevailed. Mumps and chills and fever spread rapidly, and it -is safe to say that there was not an officer or man in the regiment who -could call himself well and hearty. Whiskey, doctored with quinine, was -served out at this time as a protection against chills. Although it was -of the genuine "lightning" brand "commissary" it probably did little -good, the mischief being already done, and the "ounce of prevention" -came too late. - -August 2d all the sick who could be moved were sent off to a hospital -boat, and Surgeon Prince went in charge of them. On this day also the -following Special Order was received from General Grant:-- - - HEAD-QUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE, - VICKSBURG, MISSISSIPPI, July 31st, 1863. - - SPECIAL ORDER NO. 207. - - In returning the Ninth Corps to its former command, it is with - pleasure that the general commanding acknowledges its valuable - services in the campaign just closed. Arriving at Vicksburg - opportunely, taking position to hold at bay Johnston's army, then - threatening the forces investing the city, it was ready and eager - to assume the aggressive at any moment. After the fall of Vicksburg - it formed a part of the army which drove Johnston from his position - near the Big Black river into his entrenchments at Jackson, and, - after a siege of eight days, compelled him to fly in disorder from - the Mississippi valley. The endurance, valor, and general good - conduct of the Ninth Corps are admired by all, and its valuable - coöperation in achieving the final triumph of the campaign is - gratefully acknowledged by the Army of the Tennessee. Major-General - Parke will cause the different regiments and batteries of his - command to inscribe upon their banners and guidons "Vicksburg and - Jackson." - - By order of Major-General U. S. GRANT. - T. S. BOWERS, _A. A. General_. - - -At eight o'clock A.M., August 4th, orders were received to break camp -and proceed to the landing. Never was an order obeyed with more joy -and alacrity than this. The regiment was quickly on the march, and, -though the day was hot and the road dusty, the march of seven miles was -cheerfully borne, for we could not be sufficiently thankful to get away -from Mississippi. Upon arriving near the landing, it was found that -the boats had not arrived, but were taking in fuel at Vicksburg, and -another night must be spent here. A worse, more uncomfortable night the -regiment did not experience in Mississippi. As if to improve their last -opportunity, swarms of gnats, of the most savage description, attacked -the regiment, and few will ever forget that sleepless night. It was -indeed a fitting close of the campaign. - -The boat arrived in the night, and the forenoon of the 5th was employed -in loading her with the baggage, horses, and guns, of Battery E, Second -United States. At three o'clock P.M. the regiment marched aboard the -fine steamer "Hiawatha," in company with the Forty-fifth Pennsylvania, -Twenty-seventh Michigan, and the regulars of Battery E, which crowded -the boat most uncomfortably, though her accommodations were large. -About four P.M. the boat cast off, and, steaming down the Yazoo, -entered the Mississippi at sunset, and as her course was directed -northward a worn but happy band of the Thirty-sixth Massachusetts laid -down to rest, thankful, after all their trials, to have been spared -through that short but fatal campaign. - -All night of the 5th the boat moved slowly North, being very heavily -laden, and her crowded condition made it very tedious for all. Late in -the afternoon of the 6th the boat passed Columbus, Ark., noteworthy as -the place where the regiment received a "guerilla" salute, on its way -down the river. - -August 7th, all day we were moving slowly up river, and at sunset we -stopped about twenty minutes at Helena, Ark., for provisions. - -We arrived at Memphis on the forenoon of the 8th, and the men were -landed on an island a short distance above the city, where they -remained while the boat was thoroughly cleansed, and at five P.M., -we reëmbarked, and were off again. August 9th was Sunday, and in the -forenoon divine services were held by the chaplain of the Forty-fifth -Pennsylvania. Private M. H. Fay, of Company G, died this day on board, -and at night the boat stopped at New Madrid, Mo., while his body was -buried ashore. - -Monday, August 10th, at nine o'clock A.M., two months to a day from -the time the regiment left Cairo, it arrived there and landed, glad -enough to step once again on Northern soil. Late in the afternoon the -regiment was transferred to cars of the Illinois Central Railroad, rode -all night, all the next day, and late in the evening reached Vincennes. -All along the road the troops were received with great enthusiasm. The -well-known old Ninth Corps, fresh from its new triumphs, received the -cordial greeting of a grateful people. This was most gratifying to the -soldiers, and partially repaid them for their sufferings. Flowers were -literally showered by fair ladies upon the bronzed veterans, collations -were provided wherever the cars stopped, and the course of the regiment -through Illinois was one continuous ovation. - -At noon, August 12th, the regiment arrived at Cincinnati, and after a -bountiful collation at the Fifth-street Market, provided by generous -citizens, we crossed the river to Covington, Ky., and went into -quarters in some barracks. The baggage was delayed, and many of the -officers slept this night on as soft a board as they could find, with -no covering, and did not suffer with the heat. - -Major Goodell, having left for home "on leave" for twenty days, the -regiment was now under command of Captain Barker, of Company A. For -four days the regiment lay in camp at Covington, and had its first -dress-parade for a period of three months. The adjutant's walk from the -right to the centre was a very short one. - -Every day the effect of the southern campaign was shown in the -increasing number of the sick. Many were sent to hospitals, and the -regiment rapidly decreased. Chills and fever were most prevalent, and a -disease similar to scurvy broke out, and caused the death of several, -whose flesh actually fell from their limbs before death relieved them -from their sufferings. All complained of a feeling of exhaustion, and -officers and men dragged themselves painfully and slowly about the camp. - -Of the officers who had been left behind on account of sickness two -died. Second Lieutenant Frederick H. Sibley, of Company A, died in -hospital at Louisville, Ky., August 17th. He had been commissioned -First Lieutenant, but died before receiving his commission. Captain -Christopher S. Hastings, of Company I, died September 8th, in hospital -at Mound City, Ill. Both were true, faithful men, and their loss was -deeply lamented. - -August 17th the regiment took cars, and, after riding all night, -arrived at Nicholasville at daylight. Marching out about three miles -from the town, we encamped in a fine shady grove, with plenty of water -at hand. Here we remained ten days, and enjoyed a most welcome rest. - -The paymaster arrived, and paid off the regiment, August 19th, and more -than $3,000 of their pay was sent to Worcester, by the men, for their -families. Dr. Bryant, the only surgeon present, being sick, the surgeon -of the Seventy-ninth New York was detailed to attend the sick of the -Thirty-sixth. - -The regimental musicians, from the ravages of small-pox and other -diseases, were now all gone, and for a time it became necessary to -obtain the services of musicians of the Forty-fifth Pennsylvania to -sound the calls for the Thirty-sixth. - -August 27th _reveillé_ sounded at three A.M., and at half-past five -the regiment was on the march, a large number being left behind, too -weak to march. We passed through Bryantsville at half-past nine o'clock -A.M., and when the regiment halted for a rest, at ten o'clock, it -stacked ninety-eight muskets. - -One year ago this day the Thirty-sixth Massachusetts was mustered into -the United States service, 1,040 strong. At eleven o'clock we went into -camp, at Camp Dick Robinson where the regiment was encamped in the -spring. - -August 28th we were early on the march, and a very hard one it was for -what was left of the regiment, and that was not much. We marched eleven -miles, passing through Lancaster with colors flying, and the regiment -stacked sixty-eight guns, when it halted at noon four miles beyond -Lancaster. - -This bare fact seems to render needless all further comment as to the -condition of the regiment. It was no longer a regiment, but a worn and -weary band, a squad of each company struggling on, fighting bravely -against fatigue, and heat, and illness. But what was now left may well -be called the very heart and soul of the Thirty-sixth,--men who had -never flinched; who had borne all, thus far, cheerfully and bravely, -with indomitable spirit. Very many were gone; but enough still remained -to guard the colors, to escort them on many a long and weary march, and -carry them in the front of many a battle yet to come. - -August 29th the march was continued about six miles, to Crab Orchard, -where the regiment encamped in the edge of a wood, and remained -until September 10th. This brief period was occupied in various camp -duties, and preparations for an active campaign, for the corps was -under marching orders for Tennessee, and this halt was only to allow -the remainder of the corps to come up. Each day there were drills -and dress-parade, and men who had been left behind were constantly -rejoining the regiment until it began again to present quite a -respectable front. - -Saturday, September 5th, the regiment was inspected by Captain Simcoe, -Division Inspector General, and the report thereon was briefly: -"Equipments much worn, and clothing poor, but muskets in fine order." -With the cooler weather of autumn, better rations, and rest from -fatiguing marches, the men rapidly improved in health and spirits. -Crab Orchard is quite a favorite resort of the people of Kentucky, and -is celebrated for its mineral springs, and as a very healthy region. -Whether the men tried the waters of the springs or not the writer -cannot say; they certainly were not delectable to the taste, and it is -very doubtful whether they were used medicinally. Twenty very happy men -left here for home, on a furlough for twenty days, greatly envied by -their comrades. - -It was long ere any of these rejoined the regiment, and some never -returned. Lieutenant-Colonel Goodell, having exchanged the golden -leaves of Major, for the well-earned silver leaves, rejoined the -regiment, August 31st, and was heartily welcomed, as was also Major -Draper, upon whom the golden leaves had deservedly fallen, and who -returned September 9th, with Dr. J. H. Prince. - - - - -CHAPTER VIII. - -IN EAST TENNESSEE. - - -At an early hour in the morning of September 10th, the familiar call -of "assembly" sounded once more. Camp was quickly broken, and at eight -o'clock the regiment was on the march for Tennessee. Having the head -of the column we did not find the march a severe one, though the roads -were rough; and at five o'clock P.M., after a tramp of eleven miles, -we halted for the night at Mount Vernon. More than one hundred and -fifty of the regiment were left at Crab Orchard on the sick list, too -feeble to march, but most of them rapidly gaining strength; and if the -regiment could have remained there a week longer many of them would -have been in the ranks again, for active service. - -September 11th _reveillé_ was sounded at half-past three o'clock A.M., -and we marched at five. The sun was hot and the roads rough; country -mountainous, and thinly settled. We marched fifteen miles, and at night -bivouacked on the bank of Little Rockcastle river. A courier from -General Burnside brought stirring news from the front, of the capture -of Cumberland Gap, and its garrison of over two thousand rebels. - -September 12th the regiment marched eight miles, and went into camp at -noon. A severe thunder-shower came up at night; the baggage being far -behind, and the field and staff without any tents, Lieutenant Tuttle, -in charge of the division ambulance corps, kindly provided a tent for -the use of the head-quarters. - -September 13th, Sunday, we lay quietly in camp,--a very welcome -rest,--for the men were getting very footsore from the rough Kentucky -roads. It would be hard to find worse ones even in rocky New England. - -September 14th we were on the march at five A.M., and moving rapidly -until after one P.M., a distance of fourteen miles. Between eleven -and twelve o'clock the regiment halted by the roadside and witnessed -the passage under guard of the rebel prisoners captured at Cumberland -Gap. They numbered about twenty-two hundred, and consisted of the -Sixty-second and Sixty-fourth North Carolina, Fifty-ninth Georgia, and -a Virginia regiment of infantry and some artillery. It was generally -conceded that they were a very forlorn-looking set, and would fare -much better as prisoners than as fire-eaters. General Frazer, their -commander, was with them, riding in an ambulance. It appeared that -they had been led to believe that the Ninth Corps had surrounded them, -and they were much disgusted to find they had surrendered to the -Twenty-third Corps, which was composed of new troops. - -Between sunrise and noon of the 15th we marched fourteen miles, and -encamped at Barboursville, on the Cumberland river. Before marching -this morning, a detail of three officers (Captain Holmes, Lieutenants -Hodgkins and Davis), and six men left us, for the purpose of returning -to Massachusetts, and bringing out the conscripts assigned to the -Thirty-sixth Regiment, according to orders received at Nicholasville. - -September 16th the regular order for some days had been _reveillé_ at -half-past three and move at five A.M., and this day was no exception -to the rule. The march was slow and quite easy,--only ten miles. The -regiment was in camp by ten o'clock A.M., and had a good long day to -rest. - -There is very little level ground in Eastern Kentucky, and the luck -of the regiment seemed to be to camp on side-hills, where some care -had to be exercised to avoid rolling off. To prevent sliding down hill -endwise, a log or rail was laid at the foot of the tent and secured. -This proved a very good foot-board. We remained at this place until -the 19th, and the paymaster arrived. No person was more welcome in -camp, or received such general attention. The adjutant gave checks, on -the city banks of Worcester, for the large sum of $3,917.50. This fact -is very creditable, and a good index of the solid, frugal character of -the men, who, though their wants were numerous and our popular sutler -was present with a good stock, did not forget the little family of -loved ones at home; but in many cases, to the writer's knowledge, sent -home their hard-earned pay to the last dollar. - -September 18th it rained in torrents all day, and seemed very much -like the equinoctial storm. The order to march at six this morning was -countermanded, though the regiment was up at half-past four o'clock, -and all ready. - -September 19th, on the march at six A.M. The roads were badly washed by -the storm, or rather the places where the roads were; for they could be -called little better than cow-paths. We crossed the Cumberland river at -Cumberland ford, and encamped at noon. The weather began to be cold and -raw as we approached the high region of the Cumberland mountains. - -Sunday, September 20th, as usual we were in line at six A.M., and -marched until noon, much of the distance up hill, a rather toilsome -march of nine miles. Passed through Cumberland Gap at half-past eleven -A.M., and encamped in Tennessee at noon. The march was relieved of much -of its tediousness by the grandeur of the scenery. As the regiment -moved from one height to another of the ranges of hills the scene in -every direction was magnificent; and when, at length, the Gap was -reached, there was an universal expression of admiration. Standing in -the Gap is a large, square, white stone, of the native limestone, which -marks the corner boundaries of three States, and at this point the view -is grand; the ranges of hills and the valleys of Tennessee stretching -away as far as the eye could reach, the great Smoky range of North -Carolina bounding the southern horizon. It seemed incredible to all -that this place, a perfect Gibraltar, should have been surrendered as -it was. Fortified extensively with bomb-proofs, having only a narrow, -winding approach on either side, it seemed as if a few resolute men -could hold it against an army. And so they could; but, alas for the -South, Frazer was no Leonidas! - -Between five A.M. and five P.M. of the 21st, with a rest of two hours -at noon, the regiment marched nineteen miles, and camped near the -Clinch river. We passed through Tazewell, a considerable town, but -showing signs of its recent occupation by the rebel and Union troops -alternately. The absence of the top rails in this region was especially -remarked, now that the season for evening camp-fires had arrived. - -A long march of twenty-two miles was made on the 22d (a mile for every -day of the month), and during the day the Clinch and Holston rivers -were forded. This was a very interesting sight, especially to those who -had got safely over and looked back to see some luckless wader lose his -footing and take an involuntary bath, which, the water being shallow, -was attended with no great peril. The bare-legged "Highlanders" -seemed to enjoy the temporary necessity for their native costume. The -line of march this day was through the most attractive part of East -Tennessee. No State in the Union can boast of more beautiful scenery, -and the regiment must have been inspired by it; for though one of the -longest day's marches on its record, up hill and down and across broad -rivers, there was no straggling, and the entire command stacked arms at -sunset at Morristown, Tennessee, on the line of the Virginia and East -Tennessee Railroad. - -On the 23d and 24th the regiment made an unnecessary march of twenty -miles, owing to the blunder of a telegraph operator, and at ten A.M. -of the 24th reëntered Morristown, where it was found that the division -had gone to Knoxville, and the Thirty-sixth was ordered to remain and -garrison the town in company with the Twelfth Michigan Battery, which -it did until the afternoon of the 26th, when it was relieved by the -Twelfth Kentucky. - -At ten o'clock P.M. the regiment embarked in the cars, and, riding all -night, arrived at Knoxville, marched a half mile, and encamped in a -wood in the suburbs, where we remained until October 3d. Captain Smith, -of Company K, rejoined the regiment here on the 28th of September, and -was warmly received. Rumors prevailed of a severe battle at or near -Chattanooga, and the defeat of Rosecrans; and it was also reported that -a large force of rebels was concentrating at Greenville for an attack -upon Burnside. The few days of rest here were enjoyed by all, and the -men improved them in repairing their wardrobes and preparations for -more hard work. - -Before daylight, October 3d, orders were received to march at eight -A.M., in "light marching order, with five days' rations and forty -rounds of ammunition per man," the destination being "a point beyond -Greenville." As this "point" was known to be the rebel force, the -affair savored strongly of a fight. As the regiment passed through -Knoxville on its way to the cars, with drums beating and colors flying, -it passed the head-quarters of General Burnside, and gave him a -marching salute. - -We had a long day in the cars, going slowly, as the road was a pretty -rickety affair in many places, and about sunset we arrived at Bull's -Gap, sixty miles from Knoxville, where a small force was found, -consisting of the One Hundred and Third Ohio Infantry and Second East -Tennessee Regiment. Large numbers of men were constantly coming in -from the east, many of them refugees, and some rebel deserters. The -former were mostly anxious to enlist in the Union ranks, and seemed -bitterly in earnest in their desire to drive the rebels from here. -Their sufferings and privations since the war broke out had been -terrible,--their homes destroyed, families scattered or forced to -hide in caves in the hills. It is no wonder they welcomed the Union -army as their saviors and liberators. Old men and women stood by the -roadside and audibly thanked God and blessed the soldiers as they -marched past. Little Union flags, made of the roughest material, but -with the true colors, that had long been hidden sacredly away, were -waved triumphantly, and were greeted with cheers by the Yankee boys, -who no less proudly displayed the beloved silken standard that they -had followed so long, and which, like them, was beginning to have a -war-worn, veteran look. - -A march of four miles, October 4th, brought the regiment to a place -called "Lick Creek," where it remained until the 10th, awaiting -the arrival of other troops and the Commanding General. The Eighth -Tennessee Infantry, and the Ninth Michigan and Seventh Ohio Cavalry -were already here, the enemy being in force at Blue Springs, about -three miles from this place, closely watched by the cavalry pickets. -Probably all who went into camp with the Thirty-sixth this day recall -the amusing incident of the grand rabbit-hunt when the regiment broke -ranks. The field seemed to be alive with the little animals, and the -men, never averse to variety in their bill-of-fare, turned into Nimrods -like magic. The bewildered rabbits, headed off in every direction, -rushed upon their fate, and game suppers were "_à la mode_." - -The Second Brigade of the First Division, and four large regiments and -three batteries of new troops under General Willcox, arrived on the -8th, and on this day the cavalry captured a rebel foraging train of -thirteen wagons and nine drivers. From them it was learned that a large -force, under Generals Breckenridge, Jones, Crittenden, Courcy, and -Ransom, was at Blue Springs, in a strong position, and meant fight. The -regiment was now small in numbers, but tough and healthy, and certain -to give a good account of itself whatever service it might be called on -to perform. - -The nature of the country about Blue Springs was such that it was easy -to conceal a large force of troops, and difficult to reconnoitre. -Strips of dense woodland, alternating with open and some hilly country, -gave good opportunity for planting and masking artillery, and it was -necessary to approach the rebel position cautiously, it being difficult -to develop. Early on the morning of October 10th the entire force was -on the march, Burnside being present in command, and as usual, when he -showed himself to his boys, he was warmly and vociferously greeted. -The regiment moved slowly until, at about noon, it appeared to be -checked, and heavy firing of artillery showed that the engagement was -opened. Until about 3 P.M. the fighting was left to the Twenty-third -Corps, which, however, seemed to make little or no impression upon -the enemy, and was meeting with considerable loss. Up to this hour -the First Brigade, of which the Thirty-sixth was a part, was in -reserve, within easy rifle-shot of the rebel line, awaiting orders. -Not far from the left of the brigade a section of Osborn's New York -battery was engaged in shelling a piece of wood at a distance of about -one hundred and fifty yards in front, where the rebel soldiers were -posted, and had all day very obstinately resisted the efforts of the -artillery and Twenty-third Corps to dislodge them. Generals Burnside, -Willcox, Ferrero, and other officers were near this section, watching -the effect of the firing. About half-past three o'clock P.M., General -Burnside ordered General Ferrero to advance with his division and clear -out this wood at the point of the bayonet. The First Brigade was at -once in motion, the Seventy-ninth New York on the right, Thirty-sixth -Massachusetts in the centre, and Eighth Michigan on the left; the -Forty-fifth Pennsylvania, as usual, was deployed as skirmishers. After -moving a short distance by the right flank to get the shelter of a -wood, the right of the brigade struck the rebel line, and received -a heavy fire, from which the Seventy-ninth New York sustained some -loss. The brigade then "changed front forward," which brought the -Thirty-sixth and Eighth Michigan out into an open field, when the enemy -opened a sharp fire of musketry from behind a fence that bordered the -strip of wood. But no sooner did the brigade front their position than -it dashed forward, and in less time than it takes to tell it drove -back the rebel force, killing some and capturing fifteen men of a -Georgia regiment. Their entire line broke, fled through the woods over -a hill, and took shelter behind their artillery, which now opened fire -at short range. - -The brigade followed the retreating enemy until ordered to halt -by General Ferrero and await further orders, having done all it -was expected to do in a very short space of time. The halting of a -charging line of infantry under a heavy fire is a delicate manœuvre. -The men, excited by the charge, can more easily be led forward than -held steadily in the position taken. At such a moment the example -of the officers is indispensable, and it was while in front of the -colors, calling upon the regiment to keep the line "steady," that -Lieutenant-Colonel Goodell fell, severely wounded by a piece of shell -in the thigh. He was carried to the rear, and the command devolved -upon Major Draper. There was much sorrow at the loss of the young and -favorite colonel, and a desire was expressed to get at the battery that -threw the shell. - -The regiment lay quietly and coolly under the fire of the rebel guns -until dark, and, being sheltered by the slight rise of ground along -its front, did not suffer much loss. Lieutenants Holmes and Robinson -were wounded, the latter in the head, and three men of Companies A, -D, and H; only one severely,--Woodward, of Company H. Considering the -severe fire to which the regiment was exposed for more than an hour, -its escape from great loss was noteworthy. General Burnside sent an aid -down to congratulate the brigade upon the manner in which it carried -the wood and unmasked the rebel batteries. - -It was thought that the rebels, being so strongly posted and in large -force, would hold their ground. During the night earthworks were thrown -up along the ridge held by the brigade, and before daylight two guns of -Roemer's battery were brought up and trained. With the earliest morn -the Eighth Michigan skirmished forward, and found that the rebels had -retreated, evidently in haste. The pursuit was at once commenced and -pushed rapidly; the regiment marched nineteen miles, and a little after -dark halted at a place called Rheatown, eight miles beyond Greenville. -All along the route were seen the evidences of the hasty retreat of the -enemy, who abandoned their wounded and much baggage. Their rear was -harassed by our cavalry, who killed and captured many. - -All day, October 12th, orders were expected to continue the pursuit, -and the regiment lay in line. But the cavalry reported the enemy -so scattered and broken up that General Burnside concluded not to -follow them further with infantry, and the corps was ordered back to -Knoxville. The next day the regiment marched sixteen miles, passing -through Greenville again,--a considerable town, which is noteworthy as -the home of Andrew Johnson, and the place where he is now buried. - -October 14th, the Seventy-ninth New York, Forty-fifth Pennsylvania, -and Companies H and F of the Thirty-sixth, took cars for Knoxville at -noon. The rest of the regiment, with the Eighth Michigan, marched to -Bull's Gap to take the cars,--a march of fourteen miles,--and arrived -at Knoxville late in the night. There was a general idea now prevalent -that the corps would go into winter-quarters here; but, after a rest -of five days, the regiment marched to Loudon, about thirty miles -south-west of Knoxville, on the south bank of the Little Tennessee -river, an attack by the enemy from this quarter being threatened. - - - - -CHAPTER IX. - -THE RETREAT FROM LENOIR'S AND THE BATTLE OF CAMPBELL'S STATION. - - -From October 22d to October 28th the Thirty-sixth Massachusetts was -encamped at Loudon, but the enemy failed to appear. At half-past two -o'clock, on the morning of the 28th, the baggage was sent across the -river, the regiment followed, and the pontoons were taken up. The -regiment then marched to Lenoir's, about twenty-three miles south-west -of Knoxville, and halted for the night. On the following day orders -were received to establish a permanent camp for the winter. Never was -such an order more welcome. A year of varied and arduous toil was to be -followed, it was supposed, by a season of grateful rest. - -The place selected for the winter-quarters of the regiment was a -thrifty young oak grove, nearly a quarter of a mile east of the little -village of Lenoir's. The camp was laid out with unusual care. In -order to secure uniformity throughout the regiment, the size of the -log-houses--they were to be ten feet by six--was announced in orders -from regimental head-quarters. The work of construction was at once -commenced. Unfortunately we were so far from our base of supplies--Camp -Nelson, Kentucky--that nearly all our transportation was required -by the Commissary Department for the conveyance of its stores. -Consequently the Quartermaster's Department was poorly supplied, -and the only axes that could be obtained were those the pioneers -and company cooks had brought with them for their own use. These, -accordingly, were pressed into the service, and their merry ringing, -as the men cheerfully engaged in the work, could be heard from early -morning until evening. Small oaks, four and five inches in diameter, -were chiefly used in building these houses. The logs were laid one -above another, to the height of four feet, intersecting at the corners -of the houses like the rails of a Virginia fence. The interstices were -filled with mud. Shelter tents, buttoned together to the size required, -formed the roof, and afforded ample protection from the weather, except -in very heavy rains. Each house had its fireplace, table, and bunk. - -On the 13th of November the houses were nearly completed throughout -the camp; and as we sat by our cheerful fires that evening, and looked -forward to the leisure and rest of the winter before us, we considered -ourselves the happiest of soldiers. Unless something unforeseen should -happen, we thought we were sure of a quiet and pleasant winter at -Lenoir's. - -That something unforeseen, however, was at hand, and our pleasant -dreams were destined to fade away like an unsubstantial pageant, -leaving not a rack behind. At four o'clock, on the morning of the -14th, the sergeant-major hurried to the officers' quarters with the -order, "Be ready to march at daybreak." The order was at once repeated -to the orderly sergeants of the several companies. Forthwith the camp -was astir. Lights flashed here and there through the trees. "Pack up! -pack up!" passed from lip to lip. "Shall we take everything?" was the -eager inquiry on every hand. "Yes, everything," was the reply from -head-quarters. Reluctantly the shelter-tents were stripped from the -well-built houses, which were justly the pride of both officers and -men. Knapsacks and trunks were packed. The wagon for the officers' -baggage came, was hurriedly loaded, and driven away. A hasty breakfast -followed; then, forming our line, we stacked arms, and awaited further -orders. - -The meaning of all this is not so dark now as it was then. -Lieutenant-General Longstreet, who was in command of the best corps -in Bragg's army at Chattanooga, received instructions, November -3d, at a counsel of war, to move his command against Burnside. -Bragg's formal letter of instructions was dated November 4th, and -on that day Longstreet put his troops in motion, with orders "to -drive Burnside out of East Tennessee first; or, better, to capture -or destroy him." He had with him more than fifteen thousand men, -besides Wheeler's cavalry,--"portions of five brigades" (perhaps five -thousand more),--and eighty pieces of artillery. General Grant, who -at that time was mustering his forces for an assault on Bragg, at -once was informed of the movement. As early as October 26th he had -thought of the possibility of such a movement, and had telegraphed to -Burnside, "Do you hear of any of Bragg's army threatening you from the -south-west?" He now, November 5th, announced to Burnside the departure -of Longstreet, saying, "I will endeavor, from here, to bring the enemy -back from your right flank, as soon as possible." Accordingly, two -days later, he ordered Thomas to attack Bragg. "The news is of such a -nature," he said, in his order, "that it becomes an imperative duty for -your force to draw the attention of the enemy from Burnside to your own -front." But Thomas had no horses with which to move his artillery, and -the attack was necessarily delayed. November 12th Burnside telegraphed -to Grant: "We will endeavor to hold in check any force that comes -against us, until Thomas is ready." - -This force, under Longstreet, was close upon us. The next day, -November 13th, Burnside ascertained that Longstreet had reached the -Tennessee river at Hough's Ferry, a few miles below Loudon. He at -once informed Grant, and proposed to concentrate his forces and fall -back on Knoxville, so as to draw Longstreet as far from Bragg as -possible. And this was the reason why we were so suddenly called to -leave our comfortable winter-quarters at Lenoir's. Longstreet had -thrown a pontoon across the river, and was moving across his entire -command, except the cavalry under Wheeler, which he had sent by way -of Marysville, with orders to seize the heights on the south bank of -the Holston river, opposite Knoxville. Knoxville was Longstreet's -objective. It was the key of East Tennessee. Should it fall into -the enemy's hands we should be obliged to retire to Cumberland Gap. -Lenoir's did not lie in Longstreet's path. If we remained there -he would push his columns past our right, and get between us and -Knoxville. It was evident, therefore, that the place must be abandoned, -and there was need of haste. The mills and factories in the village -were accordingly destroyed, and the wagon-train started north. - -The morning had opened heavily with clouds, and as the day advanced the -rain came down in torrents. A little before noon our division, then -under the command of General Ferrero, moved out of the woods, but, -instead of taking the road to Knoxville, as we had anticipated, the -column marched down the Loudon road. Grant had telegraphed Burnside: -"If you can hold Longstreet in check until Sherman gets up, or, by -skirmishing and falling back, can avoid serious loss to yourself, -and gain time, I will be able to force the enemy back from here, and -place a force between Longstreet and Bragg that must inevitably make -the former take to the mountain passes by every available road, to -get to his supplies." We, then, were to watch the enemy, and so not -only secure the safety of our trains and material, then on the way -to Knoxville, but also to have a part in the great work Grant had -undertaken in the campaign upon which he had just entered. - -A few miles from Lenoir's, while we were halting for rest in a -drenching rain, General Burnside passed us on his way to the front; -under his slouched hat there was a sterner face than there was wont to -be. "There is trouble ahead," said the men; but the cheers which rose -from regiment after regiment, as with his staff and battle-flag he -swept past us, told the confidence which we all felt in Old "Burnie." - -One incident of that march is still fresh in memory. Captain Buffum's -mess had secured several goodly turkeys, which were still fattening for -the approaching Thanksgiving. They were entrusted that morning to Jim, -the captain's colored servant, with many injunctions to faithfulness. -Late in the afternoon Jim was discovered empty-handed. "Where are those -turkeys?" thundered the captain. "I don't know, sah," replied Jim; "I -was tired, and lef' 'em by the road." "O Jim," added the captain, "I -knew you would yet ruin me!" - -Chapin's brigade of White's command (Twenty-third Army Corps), was in -the advance; and, about four o'clock, his skirmishers met those of the -enemy, and drove them back a mile and a half. The country became hilly -as we advanced, and our artillery moved with difficulty. At dark we -were in front of the enemy's position, having marched nearly fourteen -miles. Our line was formed in a heavy timber, and we there stacked -arms, awaiting orders. It still rained hard; but here and there, we -hardly know how, fires were made, to prepare the ever-welcome cup of -coffee; and then, weary and wet, we laid down on the well-soaked ground. - -During the evening a circular was received, notifying us of an intended -attack on the enemy's lines, at nine o'clock P.M., by the troops of -White's command; but, with the exception of an occasional shot, the -night was a quiet one. The rain ceased about ten. - -Two additional despatches had been sent by Grant that day. The first -asked, "Can you hold the line from Knoxville to Clinton for seven -days?" And again, at ten o'clock, he added, "It is of the most vital -importance that East Tennessee should be held. Take immediate steps to -that end." - -The next morning, at daybreak, our line was noiselessly formed, and we -marched out of the woods into the road. But it was not an advance as we -anticipated. During the night Burnside had issued orders for his troops -to return to Lenoir's. Such was the state of the roads, however, on -account of the heavy rainfall of the day before, that it was almost -impossible to move our artillery. At one time our whole regiment was -detailed to assist Roemer's battery. Near Loudon we passed the Second -Division of our corps, which, during the night, had moved down from -Lenoir's, in order to be within supporting distance. But the enemy did -not seem to be disposed to press us. We reached Lenoir's about noon. -Sigfried, with the Second Division, followed later in the day. Our -brigade (Morrison's) was now drawn up in line of battle on the Kingston -road, to check any movement the enemy might make in that direction. A -small force appeared in our front about three o'clock, and drove in the -pickets. The Eighth Michigan was at once deployed as skirmishers. The -Thirty-sixth Massachusetts and Forty-fifth Pennsylvania at the same -time moved forward to support the skirmishers, and took a position in -the woods, on the left of the road. Just at dark, to feel our position, -the enemy made a dash, and pressed our skirmishers back nearly to our -line, but declined to advance any further. - -Burnside now made preparations to withdraw from Lenoir's, and fall back -on Knoxville. About the station nearly one hundred wagons were drawn -up, and as the mules were needed in order to move the artillery, the -spokes of the wheels were cut, and the stores and baggage in the wagons -were destroyed. At the same time a portion of the Ninth Corps, under -Colonel Hartranft, and a body of mounted infantry, were sent toward -Knoxville, with orders to hold the junction of the road from Lenoir's -with the Knoxville and Kingston roads, near the village of Campbell's -Station. The distance was only eight miles; but the progress of the -columns was much retarded. Such was still the condition of the roads -that the artillery could be moved only with the greatest difficulty. -Colonel Biddle dismounted some of his men and hitched their horses to -the guns. In order to lighten the caissons, some of the ammunition was -removed from the boxes and destroyed; but as little as possible, for -who could say it would not be needed on the morrow? Throughout the long -night officers and men faltered not in their efforts to help forward -the batteries. In the light of subsequent events, as it will be seen, -they could not have performed any more important service. Colonel -Hartranft that night displayed the same spirit and energy which he -infused into his gallant Pennsylvanians at Fort Steadman in the last -agonies of the rebellion, when, rolling back the fiercest assaults -of the enemy, he gained the first real success in the trenches at -Petersburg, and won for himself the double star of a major-general. - -Meanwhile the Thirty-sixth and the other regiments of Morrison's -brigade remained on the Kingston road in front of Lenoir's. The -enemy, anticipating an evacuation of the place, made an attack on our -lines about ten o'clock P.M.; but a few shots from our pickets were -sufficient to satisfy him that we still held the ground. Additional -pickets, however, were sent out to extend the line held by the Eighth -Michigan. The Thirty-sixth Massachusetts and Forty-fifth Pennsylvania -still remained in line of battle in the woods. Neither officers nor men -slept that night. It was bitter cold, and the usual fires were denied -us, lest they should betray our weakness to the enemy. The men were -ordered to put their canteens and tin cups in their haversacks, and -remain quietly in their places, ready for any movement at a moment's -notice. It was a long, tedious, anxious night; what would the morrow -bring? It was Sunday night. The day had brought us no rest, only -weariness and care. No one could speak to his fellow; and in the thick -darkness, through the long, long night, we lay on our arms, waiting for -the morning. How many hearts there were among us which, overleaping -the boundaries of States, found their way to Pennsylvania and New -England homes; how many which, on the morrow, among the hills of East -Tennessee, were to pour out their life's blood even unto death! - -At length the morning came. It was cloudy as the day before. White's -division of the Twenty-third Corps was now on the road to Knoxville; -and, besides our own brigade, only Humphrey's brigade of our division -remained at Lenoir's. About daybreak, as silently as possible, we -withdrew from our position on the Kingston road, and, falling back -through the village of Lenoir's took the Knoxville road, Humphrey's -brigade, consisting of the Second, Seventeenth, and Twentieth Michigan -regiments, covering the retreat. The enemy, Hood's division, at once -discovered this movement, but, lingering around the burning baggage -and stores, did not press us till we were within about two miles of -Campbell's Station. Humphrey, however, held them in check with the loss -of a few killed and wounded,--among the former Colonel Smith, of the -Twentieth Michigan,--and Morrison moved rapidly on to the point where -the road from Lenoir's unites with the road from Kingston to Knoxville. -It was evidently Longstreet's purpose to cut off our retreat at this -place. For this reason he had not pressed us at Lenoir's, the afternoon -previous, but had moved the main body of the force under his command to -our right. But the mounted infantry, which had been sent to this point -during the night, and which had moved out on this road, were able to -hold his advance in check till Hartranft came up. - -On reaching the junction of the roads Morrison ordered us into an -open field on our left, and the Thirty-sixth was directed to take -position in rear of a rail-fence, with our right resting on the -Kingston road. The Eighth Michigan was on our left. The Forty-fifth -Pennsylvania was deployed as skirmishers. Meanwhile the rest of the -troops on the road from Lenoir's, and those which had preceded us, -were moving to a position selected by Burnside, a little way beyond -the village of Campbell's Station; and we were left to cover the -movement. Unfurling our colors we awaited the advance of the enemy. -There was little delay. In our front there was an occasional shot, -and also to our right; but it was soon evident that the enemy were -moving to our left, in order to gain the cover of the woods and obtain -a more favorable position for attack. Moving off by the left flank, -therefore, we took a second position in an adjoining field. Finding now -the enemy moving rapidly through the woods, and threatening our rear -with increasing numbers,--Hood's division, that had followed us from -Lenoir's, being now up,--we executed a left half-wheel, and, advancing -on the double-quick to the rail-fence which ran along the edge of -the woods, we opened a heavy fire. The manner in which Major Draper -handled the regiment in these trying circumstances was worthy of the -highest praise. From this new position the enemy at once endeavored -to force us. His fire was well directed, but the fence afforded us a -slight protection. Lieutenant J. B. Fairbank and a few of the men were -here wounded. For a while we held the enemy in check, but at length -the skirmishers of the Forty-fifth Pennsylvania, who were watching -our right, discovered a body of rebel infantry pushing toward our -rear from the Kingston road. Colonel Morrison, our brigade commander, -at once ordered the Thirty-sixth Massachusetts and Eighth Michigan -to face about, and establish a new line in rear of the rail-fence on -the opposite side of the field. We advanced on the double-quick, and, -reaching the fence, our men, with a shout, poured a volley into the -rebel line of battle, which not only checked its advance, but drove -it back in confusion. Meanwhile the enemy in our rear moved up to the -edge of the woods, which we had just left, and now opened a brisk fire. -We at once crossed the fence, in order to place it between us and his -fire, and were about to devote our attention again to him when orders -came for us to withdraw, it being no longer necessary for us to hold -the junction of the roads, as all our troops and wagons had now passed. -The enemy, too, was closing in upon us, and his fire was the hottest. -We moved off in good order; but our loss in killed and wounded was -quite heavy, considering the time we were under fire. - -Among the killed was Lieutenant P. Marion Holmes (Co. B), of -Charlestown, Massachusetts, of whom it might well be said, - - "He died as fathers wish their sons to die." - -Lieutenant Holmes had been wounded in the foot at the battle of Blue -Springs, October 10th, and, as the wound was not fully healed, had -made the march from Lenoir's that morning with great difficulty. But -he would not leave his men. On his breast he wore the badge of the -Bunker Hill Club, on which was engraved the familiar line from Horace, -which Warren quoted just before the battle of Bunker Hill: "_Dulce et -decorum est pro patria mori_,"--It is sweet and glorious to die for -one's country. In the death of Lieutenant Holmes the regiment sustained -a great loss. Frank, courteous, manly, brave, he had won all hearts; -and his sudden removal from our companionship, at that moment, will -ever remind us of the great price with which that morning's success was -bought. His men made a noble endeavor to bear the body from the field; -but the enemy were pressing us so hard that they were reluctantly -compelled to leave it near the spot where the lieutenant fell. There he -was buried, and his grave marked, so that, a few weeks after, friends -from home found the spot, and took up the remains, and brought them to -Charlestown, Mass., where funeral services were held January 18, 1864. - -As we left the open field, and entered the woods between us and -Campbell's Station, the enemy manœuvred to cut us off from the -road, so that we were obliged to oblique to the left. Moving on the -double-quick, receiving an occasional volley, and barely escaping -capture, we at length emerged from the woods on the outskirts of the -village. Our formation by fours was well preserved in this movement, -and Major Draper afterwards learned from a rebel officer, that the -order and steadiness displayed by the Thirty-sixth under these trying -circumstances, prevented an attack upon us which might have led to -a serious disaster to our brigade. He said they thought there was a -"Regular" regiment among the rest, upon which the others might form. - -Passing through the village of Campbell's Station, we were soon under -cover of our artillery, which General Potter, under the direction of -General Burnside, had placed in position on high ground, just beyond -the village. Campbell's Station is situated between two low ranges of -hills, which are nearly a mile apart. Across the intervening space our -infantry was drawn up in a single line of battle. Ferrero's division of -the Ninth Corps held the right; White's division of the Twenty-third -Corps held the centre; and Hartranft's division of the Ninth Corps held -the left. Benjamin's, Buckley's, Getting's, and Von Schlein's batteries -were on the right of the road. Roemer's battery was on the left. The -Thirty-sixth Massachusetts supported Roemer. - -Longstreet, meanwhile, had disposed his forces for an attack on our -position, but was delayed on account of the difficulty experienced in -moving his artillery. At noon the rebels came out of the woods just -beyond the village, in two lines of battle, with a line of skirmishers -in front. The whole field was open to our view. Benjamin and Roemer -opened fire at once; and so accurate was their range that the rebel -lines were immediately broken, and they fell back into the woods -in confusion. The enemy, under cover of the woods on the slope of -the ridge, now advanced against our right. Christ's brigade, of our -division, at once changed front. Buckley executed the same movement -with his battery, and, by a well-directed fire, checked the enemy's -progress in that direction. The enemy next manœuvred to turn our left. -Falling back, however, to a stronger position in our rear, selected -by General Burnside, we established a new line about four o'clock -in the afternoon. This was done under a heavy fire from the enemy's -batteries. Ferrero was now on the right of the road. Morrison's brigade -was placed in rear of a rail fence, at the foot of the ridge on which -Benjamin's battery had been planted. Several of the Thirty-sixth were -wounded by the packing of the shells fired by Benjamin; and by a piece -of a shell from the same battery, that burst prematurely, Sergeant -Gallup, of Company A, was so severely wounded that he died in a short -time. The position for the regiment was a very trying one. The enemy, -however, did not seem inclined to attack us in front, but pushed along -the ridge, on our left, aiming to strike Hartranft in flank and rear. -He was discovered in this attempt; and, just as he was moving over -ground recently cleared, Roemer, changing front at the same time with -Hartranft, opened his three-inch guns on the rebel line, and drove it -back in disorder, followed by the skirmishers. Longstreet, foiled in -all these attempts to force us from our position, now withdrew beyond -the range of our guns, and made no further demonstrations that day. -Our troops were justly proud of their success; for, with a force not -exceeding five thousand men, they had held in check, for an entire day, -three times their own number, and with a comparatively small loss.[4] -In the Ninth Corps there were twenty-six killed, one hundred and -sixty-six wounded, and fifty-seven missing. Of these the Thirty-sixth -Massachusetts had one officer and three enlisted men killed, three -officers and fourteen enlisted men wounded, and three enlisted men -missing. - -[4] General Longstreet, in his official report of this action, says: -"As soon as McLaws got up he was ordered to deploy three of his -brigades in front of the enemy, and to put the other brigade upon a -ridge on our left, so as to threaten the enemy's right. At the same -time, Colonel Alexander put his artillery in position, and General -Jenkins was ordered with Hood's division around the enemy's left, and, -upon arriving opposite the enemy's position, to make an attack upon -their flank, while General McLaws was advancing against the enemy's -front to follow General Jenkins' attack. The flank movement and the -fire of our batteries caused the enemy to retire in some haste. McLaws' -division advanced promptly, and brought the enemy to a stand about a -mile further toward his rear, in a more commanding position. If General -Jenkins could have made his attack during this movement, or if he -could have made it after the enemy had taken his second position, we -must have destroyed this force, recovered East Tennessee, and in all -probability captured the greater portion of the enemy's forces. He -attributes his failure to do so to some mismanagement of General Law. -Before I could get a staff officer to him to ascertain the occasion of -the delay, night came on and our efforts ceased." - -At six o'clock P.M. Ferrero's division, followed by Hartranft's, -moved to the rear, taking the road to Knoxville. White's division of -the Twenty-third Corps covered the retreat. Campbell's Station is a -little more than sixteen miles from Knoxville; but the night was so -dark, and the road so muddy, that our progress was much retarded, and -we did not reach Knoxville till about four o'clock the next morning. -We had now been without sleep forty-eight hours. Moreover, since the -previous morning, we had marched twenty-four miles and fought a battle. -Halting just outside the town, weary and worn, we threw ourselves on -the ground, and snatched a couple hours of sleep. Captain O. M. Poe, -Burnside's engineer, had been sent from Campbell's Station to select -the lines of defence at Knoxville. This, from his familiarity with the -ground, he was enabled readily to do; and early in the day--it was the -17th of November--General Burnside assigned the batteries and regiments -of his command to the positions they were to occupy in the defence of -the place. - - - - -CHAPTER X. - -THE SIEGE OF KNOXVILLE. - - -Knoxville is situated on the northern bank of the Holston river. For -the most part the town is built on a table-land, which is nearly a -mile square, and about one hundred and fifty feet above the river. -On the north-east the town is bounded by a small creek. Beyond this -creek is an elevation known as Temperance Hill. Still further to the -east is Mayberry's Hill. On the north-west this table-land descends -to a broad valley; on the south-west the town is bounded by a second -creek. Beyond this is College Hill; and still further to the south-west -is a high ridge, running nearly parallel with the road which enters -Knoxville at this point. Benjamin's and Buckley's batteries occupied -the unfinished bastion-work on the ridge just mentioned. This work -was afterwards known as Fort Sanders. Roemer's battery was placed in -position on College Hill. These batteries were supported by Ferrero's -division of the Ninth Corps, his line extending from the Holston river -on the left to the point where the East Tennessee and Georgia Railroad -crosses the creek mentioned above as second creek. Hartranft connected -with Ferrero's right, supporting Getting's and the Fifteenth Indiana -batteries. His lines extended as far as first creek. The divisions -of White and Hascall, of the Twenty-third Corps, occupied the ground -between this point and the Holston river, on the north-east side of the -town, with their artillery in position on Temperance and Mayberry's -hills. - -Knoxville at this time was by no means in a defensible condition. The -bastion-work, occupied by Benjamin's and Buckley's batteries, was -not only unfinished, but was little more than begun. It required two -hundred negroes four hours to clear places for the guns. There was also -a fort in process of construction on Temperance Hill. Nothing more had -been done. But the work was now carried forward in earnest. As fast as -the troops were placed in position they commenced the construction of -rifle-pits in their front. Though wearied by three days of constant -marching and fighting, they gave themselves to the work with all the -energy of fresh men. Citizens and contrabands, also, were pressed into -the service. Many of the former were loyal men, and devoted themselves -to their tasks with a zeal which evinced the interest they felt in -making good the defence of the town; but some of them were bitter -rebels, and, as Captain Poe well remarked, "worked with a very poor -grace, which blistered hands did not tend to improve." The contrabands -engaged in the work with that heartiness which, during the war, -characterized their labors in our service. - -It was not till after his arrival in Knoxville that General Burnside -received a despatch from General Grant, dated November 15th, two -days before. It evinced the great anxiety which the General felt in -reference to events transpiring in the vicinity of Knoxville. He -said, "I do not know how to impress on you the necessity of holding -on to East Tennessee in strong enough terms. It would seem that you -should, if pressed to do it, hold on to Knoxville, and that portion -of the valley you will necessarily possess, holding to that point. -Should Longstreet move his whole force across the Little Tennessee, an -effort should be made to cut his pontoons on that stream, even if it -sacrificed half the cavalry of the Ohio army.... I should not think it -advisable to concentrate a force near the Little Tennessee to resist -the crossing, if it would be in danger of capture; but I would harass -and embarrass progress in every way possible, reflecting on the fact -that the Army of the Ohio is not the only army to resist the onward -progress of the enemy." On the same day this despatch was received, -November 17th, General Grant sent another to General Burnside. He said, -"I have not heard from you since the 14th. What progress is Longstreet -making, and what are your chances for defending yourself?" Later, on -the same day, Grant wrote, "Your despatch received. You are doing -exactly what appears to me to be right. I want the enemy's progress -retarded at every point, all it can be, only giving up each place when -it becomes evident that it cannot longer be held without endangering -your force to capture." At ten o'clock that night Grant learned of -Burnside's return to Knoxville, and telegraphed to Halleck, "Burnside -speaks hopefully." On that day Grant issued orders to Sherman and -Thomas for the battle of Chattanooga. - -Longstreet followed our troops very cautiously. At noon his advance was -a mile or two from our lines, and four companies of the Thirty-sixth -Massachusetts--A, B, D, G--were thrown out as skirmishers, the line -extending from the Holston river to the Kingston road. But the enemy -was held in check at some little distance from the town by Sanders' -division of cavalry. The hours thus gained for our work in the trenches -were precious hours indeed. There was a lack of intrenching tools, and -much remained to be done; but all day and all night the men continued -their labor undisturbed, and on the morning of the 18th our line of -works around the town presented a formidable appearance. - -Throughout the forenoon of that day there was heavy skirmishing on the -Kingston road; but our men--dismounted cavalry--still maintained their -position. Later in the day, however, the enemy brought up a battery, -which, opening a heavy fire, soon compelled our men to fall back. The -rebels, now pressing forward, gained the ridge for which they had been -contending, and established their lines within rifle range of our -works. It was while endeavoring to check this advance that General -Sanders was mortally wounded. Our picket line was now advanced so as -to make our position as strong as possible. There was some firing on -both sides for a short time, and then all was quiet. The night that -followed was cold, but clear. - -The enemy did not seem inclined to attack our position, but proceeded -to invest the town on the north bank of the Holston. He then commenced -the construction of a line of works. - -On the morning of the 19th the four companies of the Thirty-sixth -Massachusetts, which had been detailed for picket duty on the morning -of the 17th, were relieved by the Forty-fifth Pennsylvania. The -companies relieved were ordered to College Hill to support Roemer's -battery. While on this duty the officers and men were quartered in the -buildings of East Tennessee College. Prior to our occupation of East -Tennessee these buildings had been used by the rebels as a hospital; -but, after a vigorous use of the ordinary means of purification, they -afforded us pleasant and comfortable quarters. - -The other companies of the Thirty-sixth--C, E, F, H, I, K--took -possession of the rifle-pits in front of the Powell house, a short -distance to the left of the Kingston road. This was an elegant -residence, built of brick, and when the siege commenced fresco-painters -were at work ornamenting its parlors and halls. Throwing open its -doors, Mr. Powell, a true Union man, invited Colonel Morrison and Major -Draper to make it their head-quarters. He also designated a chamber for -the sick of our regiment. Early during the siege the south-western and -north-western fronts were loopholed by order of General Burnside, and -instructions were given to post in the house, in case of an attack, -two companies of the Thirty-sixth Massachusetts. When the order was -announced to Mr. Powell, he said, "All right. Lay this house level with -the ground, if it is necessary." A few feet from the south-western -front of the house a small earthwork was thrown up by our men, in which -was placed a section of Buckley's battery. This work was afterwards -known as Battery Noble. - -Throughout the siege both officers and men were on picket duty every -third day. During this twenty-four hours of duty no one slept. The -rest of the time we were on duty in the trenches, where one-third, and -sometimes one-fourth, of the men were kept awake. The utmost vigilance -was enjoined upon all. - -Meanwhile, day by day, and night by night, with unflagging zeal, -the troops gave themselves to the labor of strengthening the works. -Immediately in front of the rifle-pits a _chevaux de frise_ was -constructed. This was formed of pointed stakes, thickly and firmly set -in the ground, and inclining outwards at an angle of about forty-five -degrees. The stakes were bound together with wire, so that they could -not easily be torn apart by an assaulting party. They were nearly five -feet in height. In front of Colonel Haskins' position, on the north -side of the town, the _chevaux de frise_ was constructed with the two -thousand pikes which were captured at Cumberland Gap early in the fall. -A few rods in front of the _chevaux de frise_ was the _abatis_, formed -of thick branches of trees, which likewise were firmly set in the -ground. Still further to the front were wire entanglements, stretched a -few inches above the ground, and fastened here and there to stakes and -stumps. In front of a portion of our lines another obstacle was formed -by constructing dams across first and second creeks, so called, and -throwing back the water. The whole constituted a series of obstacles -which could not be passed, in face of a heavy fire, without great -difficulty and fearful loss. - -Morrison's brigade held the line of defences from the Holston -river--the extreme left of our line--to Fort Sanders. The following was -the position of the several regiments of the brigade. The Forty-fifth -Pennsylvania was on the left, its left on the river. On its right was -the Thirty-sixth Massachusetts. Then came the Eighth Michigan. The -Seventy-ninth New York (Highlanders) formed the garrison of Fort -Sanders. Between the Eighth Michigan and Fort Sanders was the One -Hundredth Pennsylvania (Roundheads). - -On the evening of November 20th the Seventeenth Michigan made a sortie -and drove the rebels from a house and out-buildings on the Kingston -road, a short distance from Fort Sanders. It was a brick house, and -afforded a near and safe position for the enemy's sharp-shooters, -who of late had become somewhat annoying to the working parties at -the fort. The movement was a hazardous one, but was successfully -accomplished, with the loss of two men killed. This sortie waked up the -rebel batteries, and a few shells were thrown into our lines; but soon -all was quiet, and at length the light of the burning buildings went -out. - -In the afternoon of the 21st the four right companies of the -Thirty-sixth Massachusetts,--A, B, D, G,--on duty at the East -Tennessee College, moved out to the rifle-pits. The siege had now -continued several days. The rebels had constructed works, offensive -and defensive, in our front; but the greater part of their force -seemed to have moved to the right. On the 22d of November, however, -they returned, not having found evidently the weak place in our lines -which they sought. It was now thought they might attack our front that -night, and orders were given to the men on duty in the outer works to -exercise the utmost vigilance. But the night--a beautiful moonlight -night--passed quietly.[5] - -[5] In his official report General Longstreet says: "On the 22d General -McLaws seemed to think his line near enough for an assault, and he was -ordered to make it at dark on that night. General Jenkins was ordered -to be prepared to coöperate. After night General McLaws reported -against the assault, saying that his officers would prefer to attack at -daylight." - -With each day our confidence in the strength of our position increased, -and we soon felt able to repel an assault from any quarter. But the -question of supplies was a serious one. When the siege commenced there -was in the Commissary Department at Knoxville little more than a day's -ration for the whole army. Should the enemy gain possession of the -south bank of the Holston our only means of subsistence would be cut -off. Thus far his attempts in this direction had failed, and the whole -country from the French Broad to the Holston, was open to our foraging -parties. In this way a considerable quantity of corn and wheat was -soon collected in Knoxville. Bread, made from a mixture of meal and -flour, was issued to the men, but only in half and quarter rations. -Occasionally a small quantity of fresh pork was also issued. Neither -sugar nor coffee was issued after the first days of the siege. - -The enemy, foiled in his attempts to seize the south bank of the -Holston, now commenced the construction of a raft at Boyd's Ferry, -above Knoxville. Floating this down the swift current of the stream, -he hoped to carry away our pontoon, and thus cut off our communication -with the country beyond. To thwart this plan an iron cable, one -thousand feet in length, was stretched across the river above the -bridge. This was done under the direction of Captain Poe. Afterwards -a boom of logs, fastened end to end by chains, was constructed still -farther up the river. The boom was fifteen hundred feet in length. - -On the 23d the Thirty-sixth Massachusetts moved a little to the left, -in order to make room for another regiment in the pits to our right. -In the evening the rebels made an attack on our pickets in front of -the left of the Second Division, Ninth Corps. In falling back our men -fired the buildings on the ground abandoned, lest they should become -a shelter for the enemy's sharp-shooters. Among the buildings thus -destroyed were the arsenal and machine-shops near the depot. The light -of the blazing buildings illuminated the whole town. - -The next day, November 24th, the Twenty-first Massachusetts -and the Forty-eighth Pennsylvania, the whole under command of -Lieutenant-Colonel Hawkes of the Twenty-first, drove back the rebels at -this point, and reoccupied our old position. - -Early in the morning of the same day, an attack was made by the Second -Michigan--one hundred and ninety-seven men--on the advanced parallel, -which the enemy had so constructed as to envelop the north-west bastion -of Fort Sanders. The works were gallantly carried; but, before the -supporting columns could come up, our men were repulsed by fresh -troops which the enemy had at hand. Our loss was severe, amounting to -sixty-seven, including Major Byington, commanding the Second Michigan, -who was left on the field mortally wounded. - -That night we had orders that neither officers nor men should sleep. -It was a long night of watching. There was a total eclipse of the moon -during the night, and we were in shadow from two o'clock until four. - -On the 25th of November the enemy, having on the day previous crossed -the Holston at a point below us, made another unsuccessful attempt -to occupy the heights opposite Knoxville. He succeeded, however, in -planting a battery on a knob about one hundred and fifty feet above -the river, and twenty-five hundred yards south of Fort Sanders. This -position commanded Fort Sanders, so that it now became necessary to -defilade the fort. - -November 26th was our national Thanksgiving day, and General Burnside -issued an order, in which he expressed the hope that the day would be -observed by all, as far as military operations would allow. He knew -that the rations were short, and that the day would be unlike the -joyous festival we were wont to celebrate in our distant New England -homes; and so he reminded us of the circumstances of trial under which -our fathers first observed the day. He also reminded us of the debt -of gratitude which we owed to Him who during the year had not only -prospered our arms, but had kindly preserved our lives. Accordingly -we ate our corn bread with thanksgiving; and, forgetting our own -privations, thought only of the loved ones at home, who, uncertain of -our fate, would that day find little cheer at the table and by the -fireside. - -Allusion has already been made to the bastion-work known as Fort -Sanders, which was named for the gallant commander of the cavalry who -laid down his life in front of Knoxville at the beginning of the siege. -A more particular description of this fort is now needed. The main -line, held by our troops, made almost a right angle at the fort, the -north-west bastion being the salient of the angle. The ground in front -of the fort, from which the wood had been cleared, sloped gradually -for a distance of eighty yards, and then abruptly descended to a wide -ravine. Under the direction of Lieutenant Benjamin, Second United -States Artillery, and Chief of Artillery of the Army of the Ohio, the -fort had now been made as strong as the means at his disposal and the -rules of military art admitted. Eighty and thirty yards in front of -the fort rifle-pits were constructed. These were to be used in case -our men were driven in from the outer line. Between these pits and -the fort were wire entanglements, running from stump to stump, and -also an _abatis_. Sand-bags and barrels were arranged so as to cover -the embrasures. Traverses, also, were built for the protection of -the guns, and in passing from one position to another. In the fort -were four twenty-pounder Parrotts (Benjamin's battery), four light -twelve-pounders (of Buckley's battery), and two three-inch steel -rifle-guns. - -November 27th all was quiet along the lines, except an occasional shot -from the rebel pickets, until evening, when cheers and strains of -music enlivened the enemy's camp. We now know that the arrival of two -brigades of Buckner's command, reinforcements from Bragg's army, was -the occasion of their rejoicing; but at the time we could not solve -the mystery. Was it possible that Grant had met with a reverse? we -hesitatingly asked. Or had the enemy received reinforcements? While on -picket that night our men could distinctly hear the rebels chopping on -the knob that they had so recently occupied on the opposite bank of the -river. They were clearing away the trees in front of the earthwork -which they had constructed the day before. Would they attack at -daybreak? So we thought, connecting the fact with the cheers and music -of the earlier part of the night; but the morning opened as quietly -as any of its predecessors. Late in the afternoon the enemy seemed to -be placing his troops in position in our front, and our men stood in -the trenches awaiting an attack; yet the day wore away without further -demonstrations. - -A little after eleven o'clock P.M., November 28th, we were called to -our places in the trenches by heavy musketry to the right. It was -a cloudy, dark night, and at a distance of only a few feet it was -impossible to distinguish any object. The firing soon ceased, with -the exception of an occasional shot on the picket line. An attack had -evidently been made on our rifle-pits; but at what precise point, or -with what success, was as yet unknown. Reports soon came in. The enemy -had first driven in the pickets in front of Fort Sanders, and had then -attacked our line, which was also obliged to fall back. The rebels in -front of the Thirty-sixth, however, did not advance beyond the pits -which our men had just vacated, and a new line was at once established -by Captain Buffum, of Company D, our brigade officer of the day. We -afterwards learned that the enemy had advanced along the whole line and -established themselves as near as possible to our works. - -It was now evident that the enemy intended an attack; but where -would it be made? All that long, cold night--our men were without -overcoats--we stood in the trenches pondering that question. Might not -this demonstration in our front be only a feint to draw our attention -from other parts of the line, where the chief blow was to be struck? So -some thought. Gradually the night wore away. - -A little after six o'clock the next morning the enemy suddenly opened -a furious cannonade. This was mostly directed against Fort Sanders; -but several shells struck the Powell House, in rear of Battery -Noble. Roemer immediately responded from College Hill. In about -twenty minutes the enemy's fire slackened, and in its stead rose the -well-known rebel yell in the direction of the fort. Then followed the -rattle of musketry, the roar of cannon, and the bursting of shells. -The yells died away, and then rose again. Now the roar of musketry -and artillery was redoubled. It was a moment of the deepest anxiety. -Our straining eyes were fixed on the fort. The rebels had reached the -ditch, and were now endeavoring to scale the parapet. Whose will be the -victory,--oh, whose? The yells again died away, and then followed three -loud Union cheers,--"Hurrah! hurrah! hurrah!" How those cheers thrilled -our hearts, as we stood almost breathless at our posts in the trenches! -They told us that the enemy had been repulsed, and that the victory was -ours. Peering through the rising fog toward the fort, not a hundred -yards away,--oh, glorious sight!--we dimly saw that our flag was still -there. - -Let us now go back a little. Longstreet had learned of the defeat of -Bragg, and, in opposition to the advice of his generals, determined -to make an assault on General Burnside's lines. "Our only safety," he -said to them, "is in making the assault on the enemy's position." Port -Sanders was made the point of attack, as it was evidently the key of -the defences. Accordingly, having seized our rifle-pits, Longstreet, -under the cover of the ridge on which Fort Sanders was built, formed -his columns for the assault. The men were picked men,--the flower of -his corps. "The force which was to attempt an enterprise which ranks -with the most famous charges in military history," says Pollard, in -his "Third Year of the War," pages 161, 162, "should be mentioned in -detail. It consisted of three brigades of McLaws' division: that of -General Wolford, the Sixteenth, Eighteenth, and Twenty-fourth Georgia -Regiments, and Cobb's and Phillip's Georgia Legions; that of General -Humphrey, the Thirteenth, Seventeenth, Twenty-first, Twenty-second, -and Twenty-third Mississippi Regiments; and a brigade composed of -General Anderson's and Bryant's brigades, embracing, among others, -the Palmetto State Guard, the Fifteenth South Carolina Regiment, and -the Fifty-first, Fifty-third, and Fifty-ninth Georgia Regiments." -One brigade was to make the assault, two brigades were to support -it, and two brigades were to watch our lines and keep up a constant -fire. Five regiments formed the brigade selected for the assaulting -column. These were placed in position "in column by division, closed -in mass." When the fire of their artillery slackened, the order for -the charge was given. The salient of the north-west bastion was the -point of attack. The rebel lines were much broken in passing the -_abatis_. But the wire entanglements proved a greater obstacle. Whole -companies were prostrated. Benjamin now opened his triple-shotted guns. -Nevertheless, the weight of their column carried the rebels forward, -and in two minutes from the time the charge was commenced they had -reached the ditch around the fort, and were endeavoring to scale the -parapet. The guns, which had been trained to sweep the ditch, now -opened a most destructive fire. Lieutenant Benjamin also took shells -in his hand, and, lighting the fuse, tossed them over the parapet into -the crowded ditch. "It stilled them down," he said. One of the rebel -brigades in reserve, with added yells, now came up in support, and the -slaughter was renewed. The ditch was filled, and several rebel flags -were planted on the parapet. But the Highlanders and the Twenty-ninth -Massachusetts Volunteers in the fort swept off with their muskets those -who attempted to scale the parapet. The men in the ditch, satisfied of -the hopelessness of the task they had undertaken, now surrendered. They -represented eleven regiments, and numbered nearly three hundred. Among -them were seventeen commissioned officers. Over two hundred dead and -wounded, including three colonels, lay in the ditch alone. The body of -General Humphrey was found near the ditch, while the ground in front of -the fort was strewn with the bodies of the dead and wounded. Over one -thousand stands of arms fell into our hands, and the battle-flags of -the Thirteenth and Seventeenth Mississippi and Sixteenth Georgia. Our -loss was eight men killed and five wounded.[6] Never was a victory more -complete, and achieved at so slight a cost. Never, too, were brighter -laurels won than were laid that morning on the brow of the hero of Fort -Sanders, Lieutenant Benjamin, Second United States Artillery.[7] - -[6] Longstreet gives his total loss from November 14th to December 4th -as 198 officers and men killed, 850 wounded, 248 missing; total 1,296. -His loss in the assault on Fort Sanders, November 29th, he gives as 129 -killed, 448 wounded, and 226 missing; total, 803. - -[7] The following account of this assault is taken from a history of -the Sixtieth Alabama Regiment, published at Montgomery, Ala., in 1867:-- - -"At about three or four o'clock in the morning the regiment was gotten -under arms. The atmosphere was damp and penetratingly cold; the men -were thinly clad, and numbers of them barefoot. Their sufferings while -standing under arms, clasping with numbed hands the cold barrels of -their muskets, can be appreciated by those alone who have experienced -similar hardships. But, despite of cold, hunger, nakedness, and -approaching peril, the brave fellows were full of spirit, and stout -hearts beat hopefully beneath each ragged gray jacket. General Gracie, -while riding through his brigade on the day before, had pointed -significantly towards Knoxville, and remarked, 'There are shoes over -there, boys,' and visions of comfortable brogans were floating through -the minds of those barefoot Confederates. - -"There was no noise, save the low hum of subdued voices, the rumbling -of moving artillery, and the steady tramp of different bodies of troops -advancing to their allotted positions. The night was dark; but the -enemy, anticipating our movement, filled the heavens with streams of -artificial light, which threw the shadow of our columns far to the -rear, and was reflected back by many an unsheathed sword and burnished -barrel. - -"At length, the ominous silence was broken by the discharge of a single -piece of artillery from the brow of a hill to our right. Artillery had -been planted on each of the hill-tops in the vicinity,--some being -occupied by the enemy, and some by ourselves,--and now, in a few -moments after the discharge of this pioneer piece, a brisk fire was -opened from them all. Thunder peals burst forth and answered each other -in quick succession; and, like destroying angels, the huge missiles -flew through the dense atmosphere with an unearthly shrieking. Under -the exhilaration of this stirring martial serenade, and the animating -words of the colonel of the regiment (who seemed everywhere present), -the line was put in motion, and, encountering a creek, plunged through, -regardless of the cold. - -"After ascending a hill, and advancing a few hundred yards in the -open field beyond, the command was suddenly ordered to fall back, -and accordingly faced about and moved in retreat to the brow of the -hill just passed, where it occupied a line of rifle-pits located at -that point. This retrograde movement, suggestive of ill, and at first -inexplicable, was soon accounted for in a manner that filled every -heart with sorrow, and shrouded every countenance in gloom. We had been -in the rifle-pits but a short time when day began to dawn. The firing -ceased for the most part; only a stray shell now and then ricocheted -through our line, or burst above our heads. While thus waiting in the -rifle-pits, expecting, with much solicitude, the denouement, a solitary -litter was seen advancing toward us over the field in our front; then -another and another, and anon a sad procession was silently threading -its way to the rear. No words were required to convey the sad tidings. -The blood dripping from the litters, and the occasional groans of their -mangled occupants, who had led in the charge, as they passed through -our line on their way to the rear, apprised us, more unmistakably than -language could have done, of the woful fact of the morning's disaster. -The charge, though gallant, was unsuccessful, and five hundred noble -Mississippians lay dead or dying in the moat that surrounded the fort -upon which the attack had been made. A truce had been early secured, -and all day long the sad procession moved on, silently and mournfully, -in the discharge of its duty. - -"Among the many inexpressibly sad days of our military career, no -member of the regiment will, I am sure, fail to recognize this, the -29th day of November, 1863, as one of the most sad. All through that -dismal day the words were ever recurring--'These are they who have -passed through great tribulation.'"--pp. 24-27. - -Our only loss in the Thirty-sixth Massachusetts was private Haven, of -Company G, who died of wounds received from a shell. - -Longstreet had promised his men that they should dine that day in -Knoxville. But, in order that he might bury his dead, General Burnside -now tendered him an armistice until five o'clock P.M. It was accepted, -and our ambulances were sent to assist the rebels in removing the -bodies to the enemy's lines. At five o'clock two additional hours -were asked, as the work was not yet completed. At seven o'clock a gun -was fired from Fort Sanders, the rebels responded from an earthwork -opposite, and the truce was at an end. - -General Longstreet, in his official report, says: "On the 26th and 27th -we had various rumors of a battle having been fought at Chattanooga, -the most authentic being from telegraph operators. There seemed to -be so many reports leading to the same conclusion that I determined -that I must attack, and, if possible, get possession of Knoxville. -The attack upon the fort was ordered on the 28th, but, in order to -get our troops nearer the works, the assault was postponed until -daylight of the 29th. The line of sharp-shooters along our entire -front were ordered to be advanced at dark to within good rifle-range -of the enemy's lines, and to sink rifle-pits during the night in their -advanced positions, so that the sharp-shooters along our whole line -might engage the enemy upon an equal footing, whilst our columns -made the assault against the fort. Our advance at night was very -successful, capturing sixty or seventy prisoners without any loss. The -assault was ordered to be made by three of General McLaws' brigades, -his fourth being held in readiness for further operations. General -Jenkins was ordered to advance a brigade a little later than the -assaulting columns, and to pass the enemy's lines east of the fort, and -to continue the attack along the enemy's rear and flank. Two brigades -of Major-General Buckner's division, under Brigadier-General B. R. -Johnson, having arrived the day before, were ordered to move in rear -of General McLaws, and, at a convenient distance, to be thrown in, as -circumstances might require. On the night of the 28th General McLaws' -letter of that date was received. General McLaws' letter was shown to -General Leadbetter, and my answer was read to him. General Leadbetter -then suggested the postscript which I added to the answer. The assault -was made, at the appointed time, by Generals Wofford's, Humphrey's, -and Byron's brigades. The troops were not formed as well to the front -as they should have been. Their lines should have been formed close -upon our line of rifle-pits, which would have given them about two -hundred yards to advance under fire. Instead of this, the lines were -formed several hundred yards in rear of the pits. My orders were that -the advance should be made quietly until they entered the works, which -was to be announced by a shout. The troops moved up in gallant style. -As I approached the troops they seemed to be in good order at the edge -of the ditch, and some of the colors appeared to be on the works. -When in about five hundred yards of the fort I saw some of our men -straggling back, and heard that the troops could not pass the ditch -for want of ladders or other means. Almost at the same moment I saw -that the men were beginning to retire in considerable numbers, and -very soon the column broke up entirely and fell back in confusion. I -ordered Buckner's brigades halted and retired, and sent the order for -Anderson's brigade, of Hood's division, to be halted and retired; but -the troops of the latter brigade had become excited, and rushed up to -the same point from which the others had been repulsed, and were soon -driven back. Officers were sent to rally the men, and good order was -soon restored."[8] - -[8] Rev. J. William Jones, D.D., Secretary of the Southern Historical -Society, kindly permitted the writer, when in Richmond, Va., in April, -1880, to copy from General Longstreet's letter-book two letters, which -are of interest in this connection. The first is as follows:-- - - "HEAD-QUARTERS, Nov. 28, 1863. - - "GENERAL,--Your letter is received. I am not at all confident that - General Bragg has had a serious battle at Chattanooga; but there is - a report that he has, and fallen back to Tunnel Hill. Under this - report I am entirely convinced that our only safety is in making - the assault upon the enemy's position to-morrow at daylight; and it - is the more important that I should have the entire support, and - all the force that you may be possessed of, in the execution of my - views. It is a great mistake to suppose that there is any safety - for us in going to Virginia, if General Bragg has been defeated, - for we leave him at the mercy of his victors; and with his army - destroyed, our own had better be also, for we must not only be - destroyed, but disgraced. There is neither safety nor honor in any - other course than the one that I have already chosen and ordered. - - "Very respectfully, your obedient servant, - "J. LONGSTREET, _Lieutenant-General_. - - "MAJOR-GENERAL MCLAWS, _Commanding_. - - "The assault must be made at the time appointed, and must be made - with a determination which will ensure success. J. L." - - -The second letter is as follows:-- - - "HEAD-QUARTERS, Nov. 28, 1863. - - "GENERAL,--Your letter is received. The work of the enemy is not - enclosed. The ditch is probably at some points not more than three - feet deep, and five or six feet wide. At least, we so judged it - yesterday in looking at a man walk down the parapet and over the - ditch. I thought that you saw the man, as you had been with us. I - have no apprehension of the result of the attack, if we go at it - with a determination to accomplish it. We should avail ourselves of - everything, however, that may aid or relieve us. - - "After our first brigade has gained the enemy's lines, I desire - that it should wheel to the left, and pursue the attack to the left - along the enemy's rear, and on to his right, and your other brigade - should conform to this movement. Johnson's division will be ordered - to follow it. - - "Keep your men well at their work, and don't listen to the idea of - failing, and we shall not fail. If we go in with the idea that we - shall fail, we will be sure to do so. But no men who are determined - to succeed can fail. - - "Let me urge you not to entertain such feelings for a moment. Don't - let any one fail, or anything. - - "Most respectfully, - "J. LONGSTREET, _Lieutenant-General_. - - "GENERAL M. JENKINS, _Commanding Division_." - - - - -We spent the day following the attack on Fort Sanders in strengthening -our rifle-pits. The lines were now much nearer to those of the enemy. -In some places not more than one hundred yards separated them. Our -shells troubled the rebels when they relieved their picket in the -forenoon. In the afternoon we received official notice of Bragg's -defeat at Chattanooga. The night that followed was bitter cold, and our -thinly clad men suffered much. - -The next day, December 1st, General Burnside issued an order thanking -his troops for their endurance and bravery, and congratulating them on -their recent successes, and the success of Grant at Chattanooga. At -noon, by order, a single gun--we were short of ammunition--was fired -from Battery Noble, and the troops, standing in the trenches, gave -three cheers for the victories we had won. They were hearty cheers, as -the rebels across the ravine could testify. And they knew, too, what -those cheers meant. Having defeated Bragg, General Grant was hurrying -troops forward to relieve the besieged in Knoxville. Finding General -Granger, whom he had selected for that task, lacking in energy, he -turned the command over to General Sherman, November 29th, with orders -to push on as rapidly as possible.[9] At the same time he sent a -despatch to General Burnside congratulating him on the tenacity with -which he had held out against vastly superior forces, and informing -him of the movements in progress for his relief. By order of General -Grant a copy of this despatch was suffered to fall into the enemy's -hands, and from it, December 1st, Longstreet learned of Sherman's -advance. Burnside did not receive the despatch till the following day. -Longstreet now saw that the siege must be raised at once, and he made -his preparations accordingly.[10] - -[9] - - HEAD-QUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI, - CHATTANOOGA, TENNESSEE, Nov. 29, 1863. - - MAJOR-GENERAL W. T. SHERMAN:-- - - News was received from Knoxville to the morning of the 27th. At - that time the place was still invested, but the attack on it was - not vigorous. Longstreet is evidently determined to starve the - garrison out; Granger is on the way to Burnside's relief, but - I have lost all faith in his energy or capacity to manage an - expedition of the importance of this one. I am inclined to think, - therefore, I shall have to send you. Push as rapidly as you can to - the Tennessee, and determine for yourself what force to take with - you from that point; Granger has his corps with him, from which you - will select in conjunction with the force now with you. In plain - words, you will assume command of all the forces now moving up the - Tennessee, including the garrison at Kingston, and from that force - organize what you deem proper to relieve Burnside. The balance send - back to Chattanooga. Granger has a boat loaded with provisions, - which you can issue, and return the boat; I will have another - loaded to follow you. Use, of course, as sparingly as possible from - the rations taken with you, and subsist off the country all you can. - - It is expected that Foster is moving, by this time, from Cumberland - Gap, on Knoxville. I do not know what force he will have with him, - but presume it will range from three thousand five hundred to five - thousand. I leave this matter to you, knowing that you will do - better acting upon your discretion than you could trammelled with - instructions. I will only add, that the last advices from Burnside - himself indicated his ability to hold out with rations only to - about the 3d of December. - - Very respectfully, - U. S. GRANT, _Major General Commanding_. - -[10] In his report, General Longstreet says: "As our position at -Knoxville was somewhat complicated, I determined to abandon the siege, -and to draw off in the direction of Virginia, with an idea that we -might find an opportunity to strike that column of the enemy's forces -reported to be advancing by Cumberland Gap. The orders to move in -accordance with this view were issued on the 2d of December." - -December 2d it was rumored that General Burnside's resignation of his -command had been accepted at Washington, and that he was to be relieved -by General Foster, who was said to be at Tazewell,--a rumor by no means -pleasing to the Ninth Corps. At nine o'clock in the evening there was -an alarm, and we stood in our places in the trenches expecting an -attack. - -On the following day the enemy were very quiet, and we thought there -were some indications that they were preparing to raise the siege. The -number of their pickets was manifestly less than usual. The fact was -that their wagon-trains were that day put in motion, and on the night -of December 4th the rebels withdrew from their lines around Knoxville, -crossed the Holston, and moved up the north bank of the river. The -retreat was discovered early in the morning by the pickets of the -Thirty-sixth Massachusetts, under Captain Ames, of Company B, who had -the honor of first reporting that the siege of Knoxville was raised. - -Sherman was then at Marysville, and December 5th sent the following -note to Burnside: "I am here, and can bring twenty-five thousand men -into Knoxville to-morrow; but Longstreet having retreated, I feel -disposed to stop, for a stern chase is a long one. But I will do all -that is possible. Without you specify that you want troops, I will -let mine rest to-morrow, and ride in to see you." Accordingly Sherman -halted his troops, except two of Granger's divisions, and December 6th -he entered Knoxville, and reported in person to General Burnside. - -In his official report General Sherman says: "On the morning of -December 6th I rode from Marysville into Knoxville, and met General -Burnside. General Granger arrived later in the day. We examined his -lines of fortifications, which were a wonderful production for the -short time allowed in their selection of ground and construction of -work. It seemed to me that they were nearly impregnable. We examined -the redoubt named 'Sanders,' where, on the Sunday previous, three -brigades of the enemy had assaulted and met a bloody repulse. Now, all -was peaceful and quiet; but a few hours before the deadly bullet sought -its victims all round about that hilly barrier."[11] - -[11] _Memoirs of W. T. Sherman_, Vol. I., pp. 382, 383. - -The emergency having passed, General Burnside was of the opinion that -General Sherman should return to Grant, leaving Granger's command. The -necessary orders were given, and General Sherman put his columns in -motion southward again. Too much praise cannot be awarded to General -Sherman for the promptness with which he came to our relief; as General -Burnside said, it was Sherman's approach that raised the siege. - -In his official report of this campaign General Grant said: "The armies -of the Cumberland and Tennessee, for their energy and unsurpassed -bravery in the three days' battle of Chattanooga, their patient -endurance in marching to the relief of Knoxville, and the army of the -Ohio, for its masterly defence of Knoxville and repeated repulses of -Longstreet's assaults upon that place, are deserving of the gratitude -of their country." That gratitude they received. Thanks to Grant and -his officers and men were voted by Congress, and a gold medal was -struck, to be presented by the President to General Grant "in the name -of the people of the United States of America." It was also voted -that "The thanks of Congress be, and they hereby are, presented to -Major-General Ambrose E. Burnside, and through him to the officers -and men who have fought under his command, for their gallantry, good -conduct, and soldier-like endurance." On the 7th of December President -Lincoln issued a proclamation referring to the raising of the siege of -Knoxville, "under circumstances rendering it probable that the Union -forces cannot hereafter be dislodged from that important position," and -recommending that "all loyal people do, on receipt of this information, -assemble at their places of worship, and render special homage and -gratitude to Almighty God for this great advancement of the national -cause." - -The noble bearing of General Burnside throughout the siege won the -admiration of all his troops. December 11th he transferred the command -of the Department of the Ohio to General Foster, the announcement of -which was made in the following order:-- - - HEAD-QUARTERS ARMY OF THE OHIO, - KNOXVILLE, TENN., Dec. 11, 1863. - - GENERAL FIELD ORDERS NO. 38. - - In obedience to orders from the War Department, the Commanding - General this day resigns to Major-General John G. Foster the - command of the Army of the Ohio. - - On severing the tie which has united him to this gallant army - he cannot express his deep personal feeling in parting from men - brought near to him by their mutual experiences in the eventful - scenes of the past campaign, and who have always, regardless of - every privation and of every danger, cheerfully and faithfully - performed their duty. Associated with many of their number from - the earliest days of the war, he takes leave of the army not only - as soldiers, to whose heroism many a victorious battle-field bears - witness, but as well-tried friends, who in the darkest hours - have never failed him. With the sincerest regret he leaves the - department without the opportunity of personally bidding them - farewell. - - To the citizen soldiers of East Tennessee, who proved their loyalty - in the trenches of Knoxville, he tenders his warmest thanks. - - With the highest confidence in the patriotism and skill of the - distinguished officer who succeeds him, with whom he has been long - and intimately connected in the field, and who will be welcome as - their leader by those who served with him in the memorable campaign - in North Carolina, and by all as one identified with some of the - most brilliant events of the war, he transfers to him the command, - assured that under his guidance the bright record of the Army of - the Ohio will never grow dim. - - By command of Major-General BURNSIDE, - LEWIS RICHMOND, _A.A.G._ - - -In a speech at Cincinnati, a few days after, with that modesty which -characterizes the true soldier, Burnside said that the honors bestowed -on him belonged to his under-officers and the men in the ranks. Those -kindly words his officers and men will ever cherish; and in all their -added years, as they recall the widely separated battle-fields, made -forever sacred by the blood of their fallen comrades, and forever -glorious by the victories there won, it will be their pride to say, -"We fought with Burnside at Campbell's Station and in the trenches at -Knoxville." - -The following general orders are inserted as a fitting conclusion to -this chapter:-- - - HEAD-QUARTERS FIRST DIVISION, NINTH ARMY CORPS, - KNOXVILLE, TENN., Dec. 4, 1863. - - GENERAL ORDERS NO. 82. - - The General Commanding has again the proud pleasure of - congratulating the officers and men of this division upon their - splendid behavior. During the campaign of the last three weeks - they have endured privations and fatigue that soldiers are seldom - called upon to experience. - - Leaving their comfortable quarters at Lenoir's at a moment's notice - and seeking the enemy in his own camp; the return to Lenoir's, and - checking him at that place; the rapid march to Campbell's Station, - at which place they repulsed with heavy loss a superior force; - the wearying night march, after a hard day's march and fight, to - this place, where, hemmed in for nearly three weeks by a large - army full of determination to drive us from East Tennessee or - capture us,--they have borne the brunt of nearly all the fighting, - and endured days and nights of labor and watching, on a scanty - allowance of provisions, without complaint. - - The conduct of those who were fortunate enough to be of the small - number that repulsed the determined assault on Fort Sanders, on - the 29th, ult. cannot be too highly praised. They drove back two - brigades of the enemy with terrible slaughter, captured three - stands of colors, and maintained the high reputation of their - division. Fortunate is the country that can produce such soldiers, - and proud of his position is the general commanding them. - - Our work is not yet done. We will be called on to fight more - battles and probably to endure more hardships. Let us go forward - with strong hearts and willing hands, and we cannot fail. - - By command of Brigadier-General FERRERO, - GEO. A. HICKS, _Captain and A.A.G._ - - - HEAD-QUARTERS ARMY OF THE OHIO, - KNOXVILLE, TENN., Dec. 6, 1863. - - GENERAL FIELD ORDERS NO. 36. - - The Army of the Ohio will commemorate the series of victories, all - culminating in the redemption of a loyal district, by inscribing on - their colors and guidons the comprehensive words, expressive of the - grand result, - - "EAST TENNESSEE." - - By command of Major-General BURNSIDE, - LEWIS RICHMOND, _A.A.G._ - - - - - -CHAPTER XI. - -SUBSEQUENT MOVEMENTS IN EAST TENNESSEE. - - -There was some delay in following up the retreating enemy. On the -morning of December 7th, however, we were called early, and notified -that orders had been received to march at seven o'clock. At that hour -we were in motion, marched through the town, and advanced twelve miles -on the Newmarket road, the whole of the Ninth Corps with us. About -two o'clock we went into camp, found plenty of forage, and built good -fires. The march was continued on the 8th; and on the 9th, shortly -after noon, we went into camp about a mile south of Rutledge. - -December 11th, while we were still near Rutledge, Lieutenant Hodgkins, -who had been home on leave of absence and detached service at -Cumberland Gap, rejoined the regiment, and brought not a little cheer -to all hearts by the announcement that a large mail and supplies were -at Tazewell. The supply-train arrived on the 13th, and once again we -had a taste of bread, coffee, and sugar. The mail reached us on the -following day. - -We had orders during the night to be ready to march at early dawn; -yet the 14th passed and we still remained at Rutledge. But there was -trouble ahead. Longstreet had attacked our cavalry at Bean's Station, -and had compelled it to fall back, leaving a wagon-train in his hands. -At the close of the day we had orders to march at a moment's notice. -About midnight a part of the Twenty-third Corps passed our camp, moving -to the front. - -December 15th tents were struck soon after breakfast, and about eleven -o'clock we moved back a few hundred rods and formed in line of battle. -There we remained during the day, ready for the enemy if he should -appear, and about nine o'clock in the evening we took the road to -Knoxville. On account of the bad state of the roads we were nearly six -hours marching six miles. It was a bitter cold night, and the men built -fires of fence-rails at our numerous halts. At length we bivouacked in -a field at the roadside, where we managed to get about an hour's sleep -in front of our fires. - -About half-past nine, December 15th, we renewed our march, and halted -at noon at Blain's Cross Roads. The enemy followed, and there was some -skirmishing at the outposts. About three o'clock in the afternoon -we formed a line of battle, and constructed a breastwork of rails. -Companies A and B, of the Thirty-sixth, were sent out on picket. But -the enemy did not attempt to advance. Indeed, as we soon learned, -Longstreet withdrew his forces to the other side of the Holston, and, -marching to Morristown, ordered his men to make themselves comfortable -for the winter. - -We, too, at Blain's Cross Roads, which has well been called the Valley -Forge of the Rebellion, endeavored to make ourselves comfortable; but -it was not an easy matter. Very few of our men had overcoats; indeed, -they were poorly clothed in every respect. For the lack of shoes many -were obliged to protect their feet with moccasins made of rawhide. -Rations, too, were short. A few spoonfuls of flour were served out as -the daily allowance, and, had it not been for the corn picked up here -and there, sometimes where the mules were corralled, the men would have -suffered severely. Foraging parties were sent out on every hand, but -the natives generally "were plumb out"; there was "not a dust of meal" -in the house, they said. - -December 27th we moved our camp a short distance, and built as -comfortable houses as the means at hand would allow. The days that -followed were uneventful, for the most part. January 8th the Eighth -Michigan started home, the men having reënlisted on the promise of a -furlough. The One Hundredth Pennsylvania followed January 12th. No more -inspiring sight can be imagined than that of the remnant of a once full -regiment at the expiration of its three years of service, and living -on quarter rations of corn-meal, with occasionally a handful of flour, -standing forth under the open skies amid a thousand discomforts, and, -raising loyal hands toward heaven, swearing to serve the country yet -three years longer! - -January 15th clothing arrived and was issued. Though the quantity was -small, there was enough to be of much benefit to our shivering men. On -the following day the Forty-fifth Pennsylvania started home, its term -of service also having nearly expired. At ten o'clock we broke camp and -marched to Strawberry Plains, about sixteen miles north of Knoxville. -It is at this place that the railroad crosses the Holston river. We -went into camp, and on the following day built houses. - -But on the 17th there were rumors of an approach of the enemy, and we -had orders to march the next morning at seven. When the morning came, -however, these orders were countermanded, and we were then ordered to -hold ourselves in readiness to march at a moment's notice. That night -two or three inches of snow fell. On the following day, January 19th, -we remained at our quarters until night, when we were ordered to the -station to load cars with batteries and ammunition. January 21st no -rations, except of fresh beef, or rather of bones, as the men said, -were issued. About midnight we were ordered to be ready to march at -daybreak. Wagons came at two o'clock, and our baggage was packed and -sent off to Knoxville. About noon on that day, the 21st, we moved -into the woods. Not long after, the rebels appeared on the opposite -side of the river and opened fire from a battery, to which our guns -responded. No rations were issued that day, but our men obtained some -corn and pork which the Twenty-third Corps Commissary had left at the -station. The bridge across the river was destroyed by our troops, also -about forty wagons. Early the next morning we set out for Knoxville, -Morrison's brigade forming the rear guard. The rebel cavalry followed -us closely, and we were obliged to form in line of battle frequently, -and offer fight, in order to keep the enemy at a respectful distance. -Late in the afternoon we halted about three miles from Knoxville, and -bivouacked for the night. - -The next day, January 23d, the rebels retired and we moved into -the woods for protection from the cold. Here we hoped to have a -little rest; but in the morning--it was the Sabbath--we found that a -Sabbath-day's journey was before us. We marched through Knoxville, -passed Fort Sanders and the trenches that the siege had made so -familiar to us, and went into camp near Erin's Station, about five -miles from the city. - -Rumors now became rife that the Ninth Corps was soon to leave Tennessee -and go east, to be under the command once more of General Burnside. The -thought was an inspiring one to both officers and men. - -Having completed our camp preparations, company and battalion drills -were resumed January 27th. January 31st the Thirty-sixth received about -one hundred recruits from the Twenty-ninth Massachusetts,--the portion -of the regiment that had not reënlisted. The remainder of their period -of service these men were to fill out with us. That evening we received -orders to be ready to march at a moment's notice. We did not move, -however, until late in the afternoon of the following day, February -1st, when our whole division marched through Knoxville, crossed the -Holston, and encamped on the heights beyond. It was very muddy, and -we had much difficulty in climbing the hills in the dark. Our bivouac -that night was a cheerless one, and the next morning, it having been -discovered by somebody that there were no rebels within thirty miles, -we were ordered back to our camp at Erin's Station. - -General Foster, about this time, asked to be relieved of the command -of the Department of the Ohio, on account of the reöpening of an old -wound; and February 9th General J. M. Schofield reached Knoxville, -having, at General Grant's request, been appointed to succeed Foster. - -February 15th we broke camp at Erin's Station in a pouring rain, and -marched to Knoxville, where we encamped just outside of the city, and -not far from Fort Sanders. The rifle-pits occupied by the rebels during -the siege extended along the rear of our camp. The object in making -this change in such a storm was not apparent; and, as this was our -first acquaintance with General Schofield, the impression received was -not a very favorable one. Yet, like good soldiers, we made ourselves as -comfortable as the circumstances would allow. - -Three days later orders came for us to move in the afternoon. This time -it was a mile only, to a position between the Jacksboro' and Tazewell -roads. Here we had again made ourselves as comfortable as possible -when, February 20th, shortly after dress-parade, we received orders -to be ready to march at a moment's notice. The next morning we were -up early, the mules were harnessed to the wagons all day; but night -came, and we still remained in camp. February 22d most of the regiment -were engaged in strengthening the fortifications at Knoxville. On the -following day Captain Smith, Lieutenant Brigham, and ten men were -detailed to go to Massachusetts for recruits. At night we were told to -hold ourselves in readiness to march at daybreak, in light marching -order, with sixty rounds of ammunition per man. This looked like -business. - -A little after sunrise the next morning, February 24th, we left our -camp, and took the road to Strawberry Plains, General Willcox being in -command of our division. On the march we passed the Twenty-third Corps. -General Schofield and his staff accompanied the troops. We marched -about twenty miles, and at night encamped in the woods three miles -beyond the railway station at Strawberry Plains. On the following day -we received orders to lay out a camp, as it would be necessary for us -to remain where we were several days. A pontoon came up on the train -from Knoxville, and everything indicated a vigorous movement against -the enemy. - -February 27th we broke camp about eight o'clock in the morning, and -marched to the river. As there was neither time nor men to construct a -pontoon bridge, preparations had been made to carry the troops across -the Holston in barges. Two ropes were stretched from bank to bank,--a -distance of about one hundred yards,--and by means of these the barges, -filled with men, were drawn across the stream. There were seven barges -in all, and in less than three-quarters of an hour our brigade was -transferred to the opposite shore. The passage of the entire command -occupied the whole forenoon. When we had crossed, we moved down the -road two miles and halted in an oak grove. Meanwhile our supply train -and artillery were crossing at the ford below. Late in the afternoon, -when we had pitched our tents for the night, orders came for the -regiment to pack up, as we had been assigned to picket duty. So we -packed up and moved out to the front. - -The next morning, Sunday, February 28th, nine deserters came into our -lines. They reported Longstreet as falling back; said they were tired -of the war, and that there was much dissatisfaction in the rebel ranks. -We marched about eleven o'clock, Morrison's brigade in advance, and -halted late in the afternoon about a mile beyond Mossy Creek, having -advanced thirteen miles. - -That night it rained, nor did the rain cease with the darkness. We -marched at seven in the morning, February 29th, the rain still falling. -The roads were very muddy, and we had a toilsome, disagreeable march. -Early in the afternoon we reached Morristown,--a march of thirteen -miles,--and encamped just beyond the town. The ground was well-watered, -but we pitched our shelter-tents, obtained some boards from an old -camp near by, and endeavored to make ourselves comfortable for the -night. A flag of truce came in from the rebels, and it was understood -that they were in force about six miles distant. - -We expected to advance the next morning, March 1st, but it still rained -in torrents. Our shelter-tents afforded little protection in such a -deluge, and officers and men drew largely on the hospitality of the -town in seeking comfortable quarters. Some curious expressions were -caught up from the people in this region, and long lingered in the -regiment. A few of our men were at a farm-house, and, as they sat down -at the supper-table, the good mistress of the house apologized for the -quality of the fare in these terms: "Our butter is gin out, but you can -wobble your corndodgers in the ham-fat if you choose." A forager asked -a woman if she had any molasses. "Well," she replied, "we haven't many, -but we have a few!" - -To our great surprise, the next day, March 2d, we moved back to Mossy -Creek. Why, we knew not, as there was no enemy threatening us. We -reached Mossy Creek about ten P.M., and encamped on the same spot where -we pitched our tents when on the way to Morristown. We were snug in our -blankets that night when orders came for us to be ready to march at -a moment's notice. A little after midnight Col. Morrison rode up and -startled us all with the order, "Fall in, Thirty-sixth!" In less than -five minutes we were on the march. We moved down to the creek and there -halted. The troops of the Twenty-third Corps were crossing. Citizens -and contrabands had reported that Longstreet was advancing. We built -fires and awaited further orders. Not long after daylight we returned -to the camp we had left so suddenly. - -March 5th a brigade of rebel cavalry was reported near, and Companies -B, C, and F of the Thirty-sixth went out on a reconnoissance. After -feeling of our position, however, the cavalry left. While our men were -out they were drawn up in a line of battle under the brow of a hill, -well concealed. Col. Morrison, who accompanied the scouting party, was -a slight distance in advance, reconnoitring, when a rebel lieutenant, -who had lost his reckoning, being overcome with whiskey, rode up to the -brow of the hill. The colonel drew his revolver and ordered the drunken -lieutenant to dismount. He had on one of our overcoats, and when Gen. -Parke came up, not long after, he gave orders that it should be given -to one of our own men. A goodly-sized knife was the only weapon that -the lieutenant carried. - -On the following day we again had orders to be ready to march at -a moment's notice. March 7th we changed our camp, though we still -remained at Mossy Creek. - -Orders for a movement were received March 11th, and the _reveillé_ -was sounded at three o'clock the next morning. We marched at five, -Morrison's brigade having the advance. It was a beautiful winter's day, -and we reached Morristown about eleven o'clock. Passing through the -town, we encamped about two miles beyond, on the Chucky Valley road. -The railroad bridge at Strawberry Plains had now been repaired, and the -trains were running to Morristown. - -March 13th we had a quiet Sunday, and were to have a brigade -dress-parade at night, when word came from our cavalry pickets that the -rebels had appeared. The Thirty-sixth was ordered out in the direction -indicated; but the enemy had already retired, and we returned to our -camp. - -The next morning our cavalry had a short fight. One rebel was killed, -two were wounded, and nine were taken prisoners. About eleven o'clock -we had orders to fall in, and our brigade moved out on the Chucky -Valley road. The Seventy-ninth New York was left at the cross-roads, -about five miles from our camp. We halted at the river, while the -Twentieth Michigan, throwing off their knapsacks, advanced a couple of -miles further. The cavalry sent in one prisoner. As he joined us he -said he had never fought against "you-uns." The Twentieth Michigan at -length returned, and the brigade marched back to Morristown, where we -arrived about dark. Several corn-cribs along the line of march that -day, and one especially at the river, added somewhat to the daily -ration. - -The 15th was a cold, raw March day. Just at night there was an alarm, -and our brigade moved out hastily to support the cavalry pickets; but -we were not needed, and soon returned to camp. - -The following day brought a confirmation of the rumors which for some -time had been rife among us. The Ninth Corps was ordered to Annapolis, -Md., and we were to commence our eastward journey on the morrow. We -could hardly credit the good news, and joy beamed in every countenance. -Had it been possible for us to forecast the future our joy would have -been considerably lessened. - -March 17th the _reveillé_ was sounded at four o'clock, and we marched -at six. It was a morning without clouds, and we were all in excellent -spirits. The Thirty-sixth Massachusetts led the brigade; and as we left -our old camp the brigade band, which was with us, struck up a lively -air, and we were as happy almost as if we were marching homeward. That -night we encamped at Newmarket,--a march of twenty miles. - -The next morning the _reveillé_ was sounded at half-past four, and we -marched at half-past six. Our brigade was still in advance. We crossed -the Holston, at Strawberry Plains, on a pontoon. At half-past four we -pitched our tents seven miles from Knoxville, having marched nineteen -miles. - -Early the next morning we resumed our march, and about half-past ten -in the forenoon, having passed through Knoxville, we encamped near -Fort Sanders. That day and the next we remained at Knoxville. We now -learned that we were to march over the mountains into Kentucky, leaving -the sick and the shoeless to be transported by cars. An inspection of -the regiment was accordingly ordered, and the names of the men whose -shoes were in such condition as not to allow them to make so long a -journey were placed in the list of those for whom transportation was -to be furnished. The rest--about two hundred officers and men--were the -toughened remnant of the one thousand who left Massachusetts a year and -a half before. All were animated with high hopes, and the rough road -before us was one which, even at that inclement season of the year, we -were exceedingly eager to travel. - -The next morning, March 21st, we took our last look of scenes with -which we had become so familiar since November 17th, and commenced our -long march. The Thirty-sixth Massachusetts led the corps. We advanced -eighteen miles, and encamped at Clinton. - -The next day, in a snow-storm, we were ferried across the Clinch river -in scows. Then, in a raw wind and over icy roads, we marched seventeen -miles, and encamped about four miles from Jacksboro'. Some of us -remembered that it was just a year before that we left Newport News. -The next morning, March 23d, we marched through Jacksboro', and soon -after commenced to ascend the mountains back of the town. It was a -beautiful sight, as the long line of troops moved up the zigzag road, -with muskets glittering in the bright sunlight. We marched that day -thirteen miles. March 24th we advanced eighteen miles. The road led us -up and down mountains without number. The next morning snow covered the -ground. We marched at half-past six. About eleven o'clock we reached -the Kentucky line. Rain set in early, but we pushed on and advanced -eighteen miles. A rainy night was followed by snow on the morning -of March 26th. During the forenoon the clouds broke and we had fair -weather. At noon we met a wagon-train, loaded with rations which had -been sent out to us from Camp Burnside. That day we marched nineteen -miles. The next morning, at half-past six, we were again on the road, -and about ten o'clock we reached Camp Burnside. From Jacksboro' to -this place our march had led us through an almost unbroken wilderness, -and over the worst of roads, and through brooks and streams without -number. Leaving Camp Burnside we crossed the Cumberland river about -noon, and encamped that night about a mile beyond Somerset, having -marched sixteen miles. March 28th we advanced eighteen miles, and -encamped at Waynesborough. The next day, a little past noon, we -encamped at Hall's Gap, three miles south of Stanford. Snow fell during -the night. March 30th we passed through Lancaster at noon, and at night -we pitched our tents not far from Camp Dick Robinson, having advanced -eighteen miles. The next morning we marched at the usual hour, passed -Camp Nelson about eleven o'clock, and encamped three miles beyond. -The Second Brigade of our division took cars at Nicholasville in the -afternoon. In the morning, April 1st, we marched to Nicholasville in -a pouring rain. Cars arrived about eleven o'clock, and we embarked -at once. There were delays on the road, so that we did not arrive at -Covington until about midnight. It was a cold, cheerless ride. - -The next morning, April 2d, we marched to the barracks, where we -remained until the following day. Transportation having at length been -provided, we marched to the depot in Cincinnati, where we took the -train about eleven A.M. We reached Columbus, O., about eleven P.M. -There we were notified that a lunch had been provided for the regiment; -but it proved to be a mean affair. At Steubenville, O., which we -reached about noon, April 4th, we found a large crowd of ladies at the -depot, with baskets of bread, cakes, and pies. There we remained about -an hour and a half. Resuming our journey, we reached Pittsburgh, Penn., -at midnight. Leaving the cars, we marched to the City Hall, where a -bountiful collation had been prepared. The men had all they wanted, -and that, too, of the best. At three A.M. we were again on the cars. -We crossed the mountains in a snow-storm. Altoona was reached about -eleven o'clock. At nine o'clock A.M., April 6th, we were in Baltimore. -The regiment marched to the rooms of the relief committee and had -breakfast. We remained in the city until late in the afternoon, and -reached Annapolis, Md., about midnight. Our orders were to remain in -the cars until morning, when we went into camp just outside of the -town. The Forty-fifth Pennsylvania, which had rejoined the corps, its -furlough having expired, furnished the Thirty-sixth with coffee on -our arrival at the camp,--one of many instances of friendly regard -manifested toward us during the war by our old companions in arms. - -And so closed, not only our long journey, but a memorable chapter in -our history. What the future had in store for us we little imagined. - - - - -CHAPTER XII. - -REORGANIZATION. - - -The preceding chapters of this regimental history have recorded the -story of the year of preparation and discipline, and the year of trial, -suffering, and winnowing. We now approach what may well be called the -year of sacrifice and martyrdom. We are to recount the story of the -organization so dear to all our hearts, so much, in fact, a portion of -our very existence, which was now to undergo its most fearful trials, -and, by the sacrifice of its noblest blood, to maintain and enhance a -reputation for courage and devotion which had been won in summer's heat -in the fields and swamps of Mississippi, and in the winter's cold in -the mountain wilds of East Tennessee. - -At Annapolis we found a large force encamped, the post being commanded -by Colonel Hartranft, of the Fifty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers, as -Provisional Commander. The Ninth Army Corps, relieved from duty in the -Department of the Ohio, had been ordered to rendezvous at this place -for reorganization. On the 7th of January, soon after his departure -from East Tennessee, General Burnside was reassigned to the command -of the Ninth Corps, with instructions to "recruit and fill up the -old regiments," and to increase the strength of the corps to fifty -thousand men, for such service as the War Department should especially -designate. The great popularity of General Burnside in New England, -and the other States represented in the old Ninth Corps, secured the -cordial coöperation of the authorities, and recruiting was carried -forward with gratifying success. Massachusetts pledged her four -veteran infantry regiments, already in process of organization, and -all the New England States, Pennsylvania, New York, and Michigan, -sent forward many new regiments which had been recruited during the -winter under the personal supervision of General Burnside. Although -the destination of this force remained a mystery, it was confidently -expected throughout the corps that General Burnside was to be assigned -to an independent command, and that a coast expedition was to be -organized. The general impression prevailed that the corps was to be -sent to North Carolina, or to the Virginia peninsula to coöperate -with the Army of the Potomac in the campaign about to open. With this -prospect in view the men were highly elated. - -The camp at Annapolis was delightful, and revived the pleasant memories -of Newport News and Camp Dick Robinson,--the only places where we had -ever "played soldier." It was laid out with military precision, in -accordance with army regulations. The company streets were wide and -well-policed, the new white A tents were decorated with evergreen and -holly, and the grounds, laid out in tasty squares and centre-pieces, -presented a beautiful appearance. Contrasted with what had preceded, -and what was about to follow, it was a genuine holiday camp,--a -bright oasis in the desert of a soldier's life. The burning sun of -Mississippi, the deadly malaria of the Yazoo, the freezing cold and -corn-cob rations of Tennessee, were soon forgotten in the general -happiness and comfort of this delightful camp. Following those long -and rigorous campaigns, the rest and abundant rations were gratefully -enjoyed. Many of the "absent sick" who had been left in general -hospitals in Kentucky and Ohio to recover from the effects of the -former severe campaigns, returned to duty. New clothing and equipments -were issued, and the regiment soon regained something of its familiar -appearance. Company and regimental drills, inspections, parades, -and reviews, together with the work of reorganizing and equipping -the regiment, caused the time to pass rapidly and pleasantly. We -were also visited by many citizens of Massachusetts,--friends of the -regiment,--who brought with them, not cheering words only, but many -substantial tokens of the good-will and affectionate remembrance of the -dear ones at home. Here, also, many of the officers and men received -furloughs for a few days' visit home; and the fact is worthy of record, -that all the men who were accorded this privilege returned promptly and -cheerfully to duty. - -In obtaining these furloughs some amusing incidents occurred. One -member of Co. B, impatient at the long delay attending his application, -determined to see "Old Burnie," as he called him, in person, and plead -his own cause. By a little shrewd management, or strategy, as it was -termed, he surprised the General at his breakfast one Sunday morning. -Being outflanked, the General listened patiently to the veteran's -story, then called for the papers and endorsed on the application, -"Approved for seven days. A. E. Burnside," in characters that defied -forgery, doubtless little dreaming that this man was only a skirmisher -from quite a line of men outside, waiting to "see how the thing -worked." The happy soldier "retired in good order," and, as soon as -the success of his daring attack was known, the General's house was -besieged by many others who could not wait for "red tape" and "regular -channels." There were but few general officers against whom it would be -prudent or safe to advance a second such line; but the boys said they -knew their man, and that "Burnside remembered Knoxville!" - -On the 13th of April the entire corps then in camp was reviewed by -Generals Grant and Burnside. The day was delightful, and, as they rode -in front of the long, imposing lines, greeted by cheers and strains of -martial music, and the waving of tattered and blood-stained banners, -the enthusiasm of the men was unbounded. - -On the 15th, Lieut.-Col. Goodell, who had been with the regiment during -the journey from Cincinnati, was obliged, on account of the troublesome -nature of his wound, to return to Massachusetts, receiving leave of -absence for fifteen days, leaving the regiment in command of Major -Draper. - -On the 19th the corps was reorganized. The old First Division, with -which we had been identified during all our service, was almost -entirely broken up. General Ferrero, our former commander, was assigned -to command the new Fourth Division, composed entirely of colored -troops, and most of the regiments were assigned to the new Second -and Third Divisions. The new First Division was composed chiefly of -regiments recently organized, and those not previously connected with -the corps. The Seventy-ninth New York, One Hundredth Pennsylvania, -and Seventeenth Michigan, were sent to the Third Division, commanded -by General Willcox. It was a severe disappointment to be thus -separated from the brave men with whom we had shared a common danger -and won a common glory; but, as if to compensate us for this trial, -and to render the separation less painful, we were not parted from -our old, well-proved, and dearly beloved comrades,--the Forty-fifth -Pennsylvania. These two regiments, the Forty-fifth and Thirty-sixth, -henceforth to be more closely attached, and more than ever brothers, -were assigned to the First Brigade, Second Division. Major-General John -G. Parke was announced as Division Commander and Brigadier-General -Robert B. Potter as Commander of the brigade, consisting of the -Forty-eighth and Forty-fifth Pennsylvania, Thirty-sixth Massachusetts, -Seventh Rhode Island, Fifty-first New York, and Fifty-eighth -Massachusetts,--the latter not yet reported,--six regiments, numbering, -present for duty, one hundred and seven officers, and two thousand five -hundred fifty-one enlisted men. With the exception of the Fifty-eighth -Massachusetts, all these regiments had served long in the Ninth Corps, -and had made enviable records. The Fifty-first New York had been -commanded by Generals Ferrero and Potter as Colonels, and at Antietam -Bridge, with the Fifty-first Pennsylvania, had won a reputation for -distinguished bravery and soldierly bearing second to none in the -army. Of our division and brigade commanders we were justly proud. They -had been identified with the corps during its entire existence, and -both had commanded the corps, reflecting credit upon themselves, the -corps, and the service. - -At the date of the reorganization of the division both Generals Parke -and Potter were absent, on account of sickness; and that portion of the -order relating to commanders in the Second Division was never carried -into effect. Colonel S. G. Griffin, Sixth New Hampshire Volunteers, -commanding the Second Brigade, was placed in temporary command of -the division, and Colonel Joshua K. Sigfried, of the Forty-eighth -Pennsylvania Volunteers, assumed command of our brigade. Both these -officers were able and distinguished soldiers. Upon his return to -duty, at the close of the month, General Potter was placed permanently -in command of the division, and General Parke returned to duty to be -assigned as chief of the Ninth Corps staff. - -Under date of April 21st, Surgeon James P. Prince was assigned to duty -as Chief Medical Officer of the Fourth Division; Captain Raymond as -Inspector of First Brigade, Second Division, on the staff of General -Potter; and Lieutenant Emory as Assistant Commissary of the Fourth -Division. On the 23d of April, Captain S. C. Warriner, Company E, and -First Lieutenants Samuel A. Goodspeed and John A. Rice, tendered their -resignations, which were accepted, and they left for Massachusetts, -much to the regret of their commands and their comrades in the regiment. - -The work of reorganization went forward very rapidly. Although the -destination of the corps remained as great a mystery as ever, it -was evident that preparations for an important movement were being -perfected, and that we might be ordered suddenly to leave. On the -evening of the 22d the command was ordered to be in readiness to march, -and before daylight of the 23d the delightful camp was broken up, -and the corps took up its line of march, not toward the harbor, but -in the direction of Washington, following the line of the Elk Ridge -and Annapolis Railroad. After a march of thirteen miles the corps -bivouacked in the fields for the night. Very early on the 24th the -march was resumed. In about six hours we reached the Baltimore and -Washington turnpike, and at nightfall the corps went into camp near -Bladensburg, distant about eight miles from the city of Washington. -At four o'clock on the morning of Monday, the 25th, _reveillé_ was -sounded; but, owing to a severe shower, the regiment did not march -until about eight o'clock. When the march was resumed the corps passed -through Bladensburg and continued in the direction of the city. We -reached the outskirts of the capital about noon, and halted on New -York avenue for the command to close up, as we were to pay a marching -salute to the President and General Burnside, who were to review us -from a balcony of Willard's Hotel. It soon became known that the corps -was to pass through the city, and the streets along the line of march -were densely packed. The column was greeted with cheers and applause. -Many spirited descriptions of this imposing scene were published at -the time in the journals of the day; but none is more graphic than -the following, taken from a Memorial-Day Address, at Beverly, Mass., -by Honorable R. S. Rantoul, May 30, 1871, seven years after the scene -narrated:-- - - "On the 25th of April, 1864, I stood, at high noon, on a thronged - sidewalk of the city of Washington. Across the street, and raised - on a balcony above the surging crowd, a lank, sad man stood gazing - wistfully down--his head uncovered--upon the passing scene beneath. - An unutterable sadness seemed to have fixed itself upon his face. - For the most part he was unnoticed by the long procession, which, - hour after hour, with frequent pauses, but with elastic tread, - pushed on through dust and sweat, for Long Bridge, a few rods - off--then over the Potomac and into Virginia. In dull succession, - company on company, battalion by battalion, brigade after brigade, - wearily yet cheerfully, they tramped on under that Southern sun, - sometimes singing, oftener thoughtful, never seemingly regretful. - It was one of those soft, vernal days, whose very air, as if - breathed from groves of oranges and myrtle, seemed able to melt - all hearts. Music there was; but strangely, as it seemed, not of - that martial strain, associated, in piping times of peace, with the - rush of battle. Exquisite music there was from martial bands, but - for the hour they seemed to have attuned themselves to melodies - of home and love. Shoulder to shoulder, looking not back, asking - not whither, marched the bronzed veteran of East Tennessee and - Carolina, with regiments of raw recruits,--tradesmen and mechanics - from the towns, the farmer and frontiersman of the West, the - lumberman from his Eastern forest, Indian sharp-shooters attached - to Western infantry, favored sons of culture and wealth, the first - black division, five or six thousand strong, following the white - State flag of Massachusetts, batteries of artillery, squadrons of - cavalry; mingling with these or pressing hard upon them, commissary - wagons, ambulances, and quartermasters' trains, stuffed with the - equipage of hospital and camp; and, last of all, as far as the - eye could reach, fat beeves choked up the dusty way. Solemnly the - mighty mass moved forward to confront its fate. Many a brave man - felt that day that he was crossing Long Bridge never to return. - Little heed paid they that the eye of Lincoln was upon them; little - ardor they caught from sad, sweet music or the cheers and greetings - of the thronging streets! Little was there for them of pride, pomp, - or circumstance of glorious war! Grim resolve and cheerful devotion - were the lessons of the hour! - - "Ask where you would, you got no clue to their destination, for no - one knew it! They had waited long at Annapolis, expecting to be - ordered off by sea. Not a man, that day, of all those marching - legions, knew whither he was going! - - "'Theirs not to reason why! - Theirs but to do and die!' - - "Only the lank, sad man, who gazed from his high place upon them, - hat in hand, as though with a friend's last look, and the few high - officials about him, knew more than that the Ninth Army Corps, - twenty-five thousand strong, had been ordered from Annapolis to - Alexandria! The veil of the future was not yet lifted." - -Chaplain Woodbury says, "It was a spectacle which made many eyes grow -moist and dim. And thus the corps that had never lost a flag or a -cannon marched through Washington. Crossing Long Bridge the troops went -into camp about two miles from Alexandria." - -Even then many of the men still cherished the hope that transports -would be in readiness for them at Alexandria. But these notions were -soon put to flight. To the corps was assigned the duty of guarding the -Orange and Alexandria Railroad from the Potomac to the Rapidan; and -reluctantly the fond hopes of a coast expedition and an independent -movement were abandoned. - -On Wednesday, April 27th, at ten o'clock A.M., the brigade left -Alexandria to follow the divisions which had been advanced toward the -Rappahannock, and after a fatiguing march of sixteen miles encamped -at night three miles beyond Fairfax Court-House. The next day the -march was continued over the ground made historic in 1861, through -Centreville, and past the old earthworks at Manassas. At noon we halted -an hour for dinner on the Bull Run battle-field. Afterwards we forded -the Run, and at six o'clock, having marched eighteen miles, went into -camp at Bristow Station, on the field where the Second Corps achieved a -brilliant victory the autumn before. - -At six o'clock the next morning the brigade was in line, but did not -move out of camp until half-past nine; marched then about half a mile, -and countermarched, and marched again, until finally, about three -o'clock, we went into camp near the railroad, on new ground, which -was ordered to be laid out according to army regulations. The corps -was being distributed along the line of the railroad in supporting -distance, and the progress was very slow. - -On the 30th it became necessary to make another change, and our -"Regulation Camp" was abandoned to others. We marched at half-past five -o'clock in the morning, crossed Kettle Run at noon, and relieved the -Seventeenth Regular Infantry, of the Fifth Corps, taking possession -of the splendid camp near Catlett's Station, which they had occupied -during the winter. Captain Morse, with Co. C, was sent forward to -Catlett's, to guard the station and water-tanks, while the remainder -of the regiment went into camp. The larger portion of the regiment was -accommodated in the barracks of the Seventeenth Regulars, but the three -left companies were obliged to occupy their shelter-tents. - -Upon reaching this place, it being the last day of the month, the -regular monthly return of the regiment was made up and forwarded to -head-quarters. As being the inventory of the effective strength with -which we entered the campaign it may be interesting, for the purpose -of comparison, to include a synopsis of the report. At that date we -had present for duty fourteen commissioned officers, and four hundred -and twenty-six enlisted men, belonging to the regiment, including -ninety-one men transferred from the Twenty-ninth Massachusetts -Volunteers, or four hundred and forty in all. In addition we had -fifty-six effective men belonging to the Forty-sixth New York, -assigned for duty to our regiment, making a total of four hundred and -ninety-six, of whom three hundred and thirty-five were members of the -Thirty-sixth. In addition there were forty-two enlisted men on extra or -daily duty, and thirteen sick in the hospital, making a total present -with the brigade of five hundred and fifty-one. Three officers and -eighty-five enlisted men were on special duty with the corps, and five -officers and two hundred and ninety-two enlisted men were absent beyond -the limits of the department, making the whole number on the regimental -rolls, present and absent, twenty-two commissioned officers, and nine -hundred and fourteen enlisted men. - -The following officers were present for duty with the regiment: Major -Draper, Adjutant Hodgkins, Assistant Surgeon Bryant, Quartermaster -Tuttle, Captains Barker, Smith, Buffum, Bailey, Morse, Holmes, and -Ames; First Lieutenants Daniels, Fairbank, Burrage, and Marshall, -or the average of but one commissioned officer for each company in -the line. Company I was commanded by Orderly Sergeant Alonzo A. -White, who had received a commission as Second Lieutenant and was -awaiting muster-in. Second Lieutenants White, Hancock, Wright, and -Davidson had been unable to muster in the grade to which they had been -commissioned, their companies being below the minimum, and had already, -under date of April 26th, been recommended for promotion to fill the -vacancies caused by the promotion of First Lieutenant Daniels (who -was to succeed Captain Warriner), and the resignations of Lieutenants -Cross, Goodspeed, and Rice. The following officers were absent from -the regiment: Lieutenant-Colonel Goodell, from disability resulting -from wounds; Surgeon Prince, Captain Raymond, and Lieutenant Emory, -on special duty with the corps; Captain Smith, Lieutenants Davis and -Brigham, on special duty, recruiting; First Lieutenant Robinson, absent -by reason of wounds. - -The Ninth Corps was now in position, scattered along the line of -railroad from Fairfax to the Rappahannock, and had relieved all the -troops of the Army of the Potomac which were now concentrated near -the Rapidan. The duty of guarding the railroad was not arduous, but -it required constant vigilance, and the troops were continually on -the alert lest a band of rebel guerillas which infested the region -should make a sudden dash, destroy a portion of the road, and thereby -seriously interrupt communication with the main army, encamped near -Brandy Station. To guard against an incursion of this body, a strong -picket force was stationed along the railroad, and a portion of the -troops in camp were kept in readiness to repel an attack. The defences -consisted of a formidable abatis surrounding the entire camp. The -situation was very pleasant, and the daily duties and routine of camp -were performed. On the 2d of May a large reconnoitring party was sent -out, under command of Captain Holmes; but no trace of an enemy could be -discovered. - - - - -CHAPTER XIII. - -IN THE WILDERNESS. - - -On the morning of the 4th all doubts as to our destination or the -length of our stay at this point were removed by the receipt of an -order from General Burnside for the corps to concentrate, and move -forward to the Rapidan. At ten o'clock that forenoon the tents were -struck, the line was formed, and we left our pleasant camp, little -realizing the terrible scenes immediately awaiting us. In our march we -followed the line of the railroad, and were joined at Catlett's Station -by the command of Captain Morse. At noon a halt was made at Warrenton -Junction, where the Second Division concentrated. Our brigade was now -commanded by Colonel Zenas R. Bliss, of the Seventh Rhode Island, as -Colonel Sigfried had been assigned to command a brigade of the colored -division. The march was continued all the afternoon, and at nightfall -we bivouacked at Bealeton Station, having marched thirteen miles. - -On that day we received information of the resignation of our esteemed -commander, Lieutenant-Colonel Goodell, in consequence of the wound he -received at Blue Springs. His ability as a soldier and his reputation -as a man were well established in the corps, and recognized by its -commander, who desired him to remain in the service, and requested the -Secretary of War to assign him to special duty. But the nature of his -wound prevented him from rendering active service in the field, as he -desired, and he was compelled reluctantly to resign. - -At daylight of the 5th the command was in motion. At nine o'clock we -crossed the Rappahannock on a pontoon bridge. Here we saw the monument -of wood, bearing the inscription, "Erected in memory of the brave sons -of Maine who fell while gallantly charging these heights, November 7th, -1863. Fifth, Sixth, and Twentieth Maine." The monument bore the names -of the fallen heroes, among which we read the names of several members -of the Twentieth,--our fellow-voyagers of the "Merrimac" in 1862. - -As soon as the division had crossed the river the march was resumed -over fields, through forests, and along dusty roads. The halts became -less frequent, and the steadily increasing heat was severely felt. At -noon we ate our dinner amid deserted camps, which but a day or two -before were occupied by our comrades of the Army of the Potomac; and we -knew that the terrible struggles of the past were soon to be renewed. -Indeed, only an hour passed, and the deep booming of artillery was -heard beyond the Rapidan. The lagging pace was now quickened, and dull -hearts were stimulated to fresh life and courage. "Grant has found his -objective!" "Hark! There it is again!" "They're at it, boys!" "Grant's -found the Johnnies!" "Go it! We'll be in to-night!"--these and many -like expressions were uttered by the men, excited for a moment at the -sound of battle; while the clenched hands and compressed lips proved -that the hour of great endeavor--for victory or death--was near. No -lagging now; no more halting for rest; but on--forward! The sounds of -the battle grew louder and nearer, the din of musketry mingling with -the roar of artillery. As we neared the conflict the spirits of the men -seemed to grow lighter and more elastic and buoyant. The speed, of the -march was not abated until the Rapidan, at Germanna Ford, was reached. -There, in the confusion of trains, artillery, and massing battalions, -we were allowed a moment's rest. The halt, however, was brief. Soon -the order--_Forward!_ was given; and away we marched over the pontoon -bridge, which swayed beneath our tread, with the sound of battle more -appalling in front, and the apparent confusion more startling in -rear. As we crossed that sluggish stream, to many minds recurred the -well-known lines:-- - - "Part of the host have crossed the flood, - And part are crossing now!" - -The regiment was now south of the Rapidan; and, upon halting, we had an -opportunity of looking about, and many and earnest inquiries were made -of every one coming from the front. We learned that the entire army -had crossed the river the day before,--the Fifth and Sixth Corps at -Germanna Ford; the Second Corps, and the immense supply train of more -than four thousand wagons, at Ely's Ford, six miles below; and that -the whole army had pushed southward on the two available roads leading -toward Spottsylvania,--Grant's plan being to avoid the intrenchments of -the enemy behind the Rapidan, turn his right, and by a rapid movement -get between him and Richmond, and force him to retire, or fight a -decisive battle on open and more advantageous ground. - -Lee, from his signal-stations, observed the movement, offered no -opposition to the passage of the river, but, instead of falling back, -put his columns in motion by two parallel roads (the Orange and -Fredericksburg Plank Road and Turnpike), to strike the Army of the -Potomac at right angles with its line of advance, when it was well on -its march through the tangled Wilderness. He moved from his works over -roads and cart-tracks perfectly familiar to him, with the intention -of assailing Grant's flank, separating the several corps, and then -defeating them in detail. - -The movement was a bold one, made with great celerity and with Lee's -entire army; and General Grant was forced to accept battle in this -unlooked-for place at the very commencement of the campaign. He -did not expect, or rather did not desire, to be attacked in such a -wilderness, and the order of march for this day, if executed, would -have carried his army beyond the Wilderness into the open country -around Spottsylvania Court-House. But with characteristic promptness -and resolution Grant faced to meet the enemy; the lines were pushed -into the dense forests, and the terrible battle which will live in -history as the "Battle of the Wilderness" now raged around us. - -This region, known as the Wilderness, was densely covered by a second -growth of low, scraggy pines, scrub-oaks and hazel,--a wild, uneven, -tangled thicket, with but few openings that would permit the use of -artillery, or clearings for formation and movement of troops. It is -a region of gloom and the shadow of death. The advantage of position -was entirely with the enemy, who were familiar with every ravine and -ridge and cow-path throughout the dense jungle. Neither superiority -of numbers nor the most skilful generalship could counterbalance the -great advantages of the enemy. "In that horrid thicket lurked two -immense armies, and there came out of its depths the crackle and roll -of musketry like the noisy boiling of some hell-cauldron that told the -story of death." - -General Burn side ordered the division forward. We were worn and weary. -Nearly twenty-five long miles lay between us and our resting-place of -last night. The march had been severe and tedious, and yet with willing -feet and hopeful hearts we pushed on, feeling the magic influence of -that presence which, at Antietam, Campbell's Station, and Knoxville, -had inspired the heroism of the men of the Ninth Corps. The march was -continued for two miles over the narrow, dusty road, now crowded with -wagons, guns, and troops; and just at dusk we filed to the right into -the woods, and, after receiving orders to be in constant readiness to -move, we stacked arms. Soon the groups gathered around little fires, -kindled marvellously quick, attested the sharp appetites of the men. -Although the march had been forced and exhausting but very few of the -men had fallen out. Major Draper's quarters were established on the -left flank, very near the road, in order that there should be no delay -in finding him should the regiment be needed in the night. - -The night was passed in a state of anxious suspense. What a night! -The continuous fire of the skirmishers swelled now and then into a -crashing volley which extended along the lines, the shouts of teamsters -urging on their jaded beasts, the music of bands far in the rear, and -the tramp of passing troops,--all blended in one strange, discordant -strain. How many of our brave men sat by the smouldering fires, -thinking of the loved ones in homes they should never enter again! How -many lay down to catch the last few hours' sleep left for them on earth -before closing their eyes in the sleep of death! Thus the few weary -hours of the night dragged on. - -Between one and two o'clock we were aroused, and before three o'clock -we moved out quietly by the left. Marching along the road in rear of -the line of battle, at daybreak we reached a clearing, within which was -situated the Old Wilderness Tavern. Here the brigade was halted, and -ordered to load and prepare for action. - -The battle was renewed at quarter before five. Grant had ordered -an attack along the whole line to be delivered at five o'clock. -Lee anticipated him, and was fifteen minutes earlier. The battle -soon became general. Far on the left was heard the terrific fire of -Hancock's advancing line. On the right Sedgwick was beating back -the enemy's fierce attack; while in our front the fire raged along -the Fifth Corps line. Being ordered forward, we continued our march -toward the left of the Fifth Corps line, over a road leading in the -direction of Parker's store, the Second Brigade having the right of the -column. After marching about half a mile the men of the Forty-eighth -Pennsylvania were deployed as skirmishers, to cover the flank of our -brigade. After moving about half a mile further a line of battle was -formed, and here the regiment breakfasted. The enemy's skirmishers -soon opened fire, but retired before General Griffin's advance. In -moving forward we crossed a small stream called Wilderness Run, and -continued to advance until we encountered a brisk fire of artillery -from a rebel battery, and a sharp musketry fire at close range. The -line advanced to the edge of a small clearing, across which the enemy -was strongly posted with a battery. The Second Brigade was warmly -engaged, the action had become quite brisk, and General Potter was -making preparations to charge the battery, when orders were received to -withdraw, move farther to the left, and attack on the right of General -Hancock's line, near the Plank Road, that portion of the line being -then hard pressed. - -Hancock's attack had been very successful. He had driven the -enemy fully a mile and a half back on the trains, artillery, and -head-quarters of the Confederate Army, which were in imminent danger -of capture; but in the rapid advance his line of battle had become so -broken in the dense forest as to require readjustment before he could -press forward and secure the prize almost within his grasp. While this -was being done the enemy was reinforced by Longstreet's troops, who had -been pushed forward rapidly to the threatened point. When, therefore, -Hancock's line advanced to resume the attack he was confronted by a -superior force, and was not only unable to make any impression on the -enemy, but was in turn pressed back over all the ground he had gained, -and was himself now in need of assistance. - -The story of the Battle of the Wilderness is one of the most intensely -interesting of the war; but it will be referred to in this record -only to describe intelligibly the action taken by the regiment in its -relation to the engagement as a whole. We received the orders to retire -about ten o'clock in the forenoon, and moved by the left flank through -the dense forest and underbrush, which were almost impenetrable, -through swamps deep with water, back to the clearing, to the assigned -position, which was in rear of a gap said to exist between the left of -the Fifth Corps and the right of the Second. Our position was about a -mile and a half in front of the Old Wilderness Tavern, facing nearly -south, and not far from the Plank Road which runs south-east from -Germanna Ford. Our division was ordered to advance and fill the gap, -and to attack the enemy as soon as found. Each regiment was to skirmish -along its own front. On our right was Wadsworth's division of the Fifth -Corps, and it was expected we would connect our left with Barlow's -division of the Second Corps. With a detail from each regiment, Captain -McKibben, of General Potter's staff, rode into the woods to establish a -skirmish line. He had not proceeded far when he was fired upon by the -enemy, and his horse was killed. - -It being evident that the enemy was in strong force along our immediate -front a general advance was ordered. The regiments were ordered to -advance as rapidly as possible, keeping close connection on the right -and left, and to attack without delay. The Fifty-first New York was -formed on our left; the Forty-fifth Pennsylvania joined our right; -beyond this we could not see the brigade line and knew nothing of its -formation. A strong skirmish line was sent out from our front, under -Captain Bailey, of Company G, and when all was in readiness the line of -battle pushed forward into the dense forest. The heat was intense; the -men were almost exhausted from their long march of the previous day, -were famished and weary; but the thought of the burden of battle borne -thus far by our brave comrades caused them to march with steady tread -as they moved onward toward the foe. In a few moments the line received -a tremendous volley, and the advance was checked for an instant, but -only long enough for us to ascertain the exact position of the enemy -and strengthen the skirmish line. This being done, Captain Bailey -advanced very rapidly, driving the enemy's skirmishers through a swampy -ravine into his entrenchments. The line of battle halted and closed up, -while the Thirty-sixth and Forty-fifth made nearly a half wheel to the -right, in order that our line might conform more nearly to the line -of the enemy, which, as far as we could determine, crossed our line of -battle diagonally. - -During all this time the fire from the rebel line was very sharp and -close, but the casualties were few. The left flank was found to be very -much exposed, and the Fifty-first New York was drawn back to cover the -flank and rear, leaving the Thirty-sixth on the extreme left of the -division line of battle. - -In front of our line, across the swampy ravine, on the crest of a -wooded slope, were the breastworks of the enemy, made of felled trees -and brush and the bodies of their dead. Behind these rude intrenchments -stood Anderson's brigade, Field's division (Hood's old division) of -Longstreet's veteran corps. It was composed of troops from South -Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and Texas. Surely they were no mean foe. -At Antietam Bridge, on the Heights of Fredericksburg, at Campbell's -Station, and in the defences of Knoxville, the Ninth Corps had engaged -with them in deadly conflict, and knew full well the devotion of these -men to their cause, and the desperate valor with which they would -defend their works. Once more these old antagonists stood face to face, -about to renew the fearful struggle of other days on bloody fields. The -foeman was worthy of our steel. The order, "Forward, double quick!" -was shouted, and with loud and ringing cheers our lines advanced. The -enemy poured in terrific volleys; their bullets whistled around us and -thinned our ranks; but the advance was not checked. The left of our -regiment first struck the rebel line, and received the severest fire, -but pressed on through it, and the Thirty-sixth and Forty-fifth broke -the line, went over the breastworks with a rush, and drove out the -enemy in our front. The attack had been most determined and successful, -and the regiment had complete possession of the rebel works in its -front. Thus far all had gone well. The Fifty-first New York, however, -had broken in the attack and failed to carry the line with which it -was confronted, and, in a brief time, though to us it seemed an age, -the enemy rallied, moved upon our left flank, swept round toward our -rear, and we were subjected to a fearful fire of musketry at short -range. Having no supports, and being outflanked and overpowered on -the left, that portion of the line was unable to hold the position, -and began to retire in some confusion. The position was too valuable -to abandon without a desperate struggle, and Major Draper leaped -upon the log breastworks in the centre, and endeavored by words and -motions to turn back the left wing, in order to present a front to the -enemy attacking on that flank. Captain Barker, in command of the left -wing, vainly endeavored to persuade a regiment of the Third Division -sent forward to support the attack, to swing to the left and attack -the enemy. In the most critical moment of the fight, while gallantly -rallying the line, Major Draper was shot through the shoulder and -carried senseless from the field.[12] The regiment was loth to give -up the great advantage it had gained, and the fighting was hand to -hand,--terrible and bloody. The men fought gallantly; but the force -upon our left was too strong, and our line was compelled to retire. -Falling back slowly, with their faces toward the enemy, the regiment -preserved a good line, returning the enemy's fire, and retired but a -short distance. Sergeant Henry Todd, who bore the State color, although -wounded in the arm, refused to the last to fall back, and received a -bullet in the head, which laid him low in death. The flag was seized -from his dying grasp by Corporal Michael Long, of Company A, who -himself was wounded a moment later, and before it reached the ground -was seized by Sergeant Gilbert Rawson, who bore it through the battle, -and the subsequent campaign. - -[12] Sergeant Kimball, of Company F, saved Major Draper's life during -the battle. One of the enemy, a soldier of the South Carolina Rifles, -was lying behind a log, and had deliberate aim on Major Draper, who -was standing exposed to his fire, and was in the act of firing when -Sergeant Kimball struck up the musket with his own, and the ball passed -through the Major's hat. Soon after this Major Draper received a wound -from a rebel sharp-shooter. - -In the midst of this terrific fight Colonel Curtin, of the Forty-fifth -Pennsylvania, assumed command of the brigade. Hartranft, with his -brigade of the Third Division, came up at the same moment, when the -whole line advanced in the face of a furious fire; and although the -enemy was severely handled, and his line forced at several points, -yet the opposition was so determined as to prevent complete success. -Through all these trying scenes the regiment behaved with great -gallantry, and held its position to the last moment. The brigade now -retired a short distance, re-formed, and corrected the line. Here -Lieutenant Marshall, of Company A, was badly wounded and carried to the -rear. During this temporary lull, amid the cries of the wounded, and -the burning undergrowth that added horror to the scene, our comrades -of the Forty-fifth struck up the chorus: "We'll rally round the flag, -boys, rally once again." The Thirty-sixth took up the strain, and made -those smoking woods ring with the chorus and cheers of the undaunted -men. - -During the afternoon new dispositions were made for a third attack. -As our ammunition was exhausted we were relieved in the front line by -the Third Division, and closely supported its attack, which was made -with great vigor soon after five o'clock. The charge was gallant and -determined, and they who heard that terrific musketry will never forget -it. The enemy's skirmish line was driven in, and their main line of -battle, which had come out of the works, was broken and forced back. A -portion of the line on the left was again carried, but it could not be -held. The enemy's fire was of the heaviest; but the main line held the -ground up to the teeth of the enemy until dusk, when our division took -position to the right of the Third Division in the front line, within -close musket range of the enemy. A strong skirmish line was deployed, -and the regiment intrenched. - -While these changes of position were being made it became necessary to -leave many of our wounded between the opposing lines, and volunteers -were called for to go out under the enemy's fire, and bring in such -as could be removed. Several gallant men of the Thirty-sixth offered -to perform this perilous service. While thus employed, Corporal -George E. Nourse, of Company I, was struck by the fatal bullet of a -sharp-shooter, and was himself borne away upon the stretcher with which -he had assisted to carry others to the rear. He was buried near the -spot where he fell, and sleeps, like many of his comrades, in that -far-off grave in the lonely Wilderness, or in the National Cemetery at -Fredericksburg, where so many of our comrades buried on the Wilderness -battle-ground have since been laid to rest. - -Thus closed in blood and gloom the second day of the sanguinary battle -of the Wilderness. When darkness settled on those smouldering forests -the roll-call bore witness to the sacrifice we had offered that day -on the altar of Freedom. Eighty-five were absent. Of this number, -twelve were known to have been killed, fifty-three wounded, and of -the twelve reported "missing in action" several were supposed to have -been killed or wounded, and consumed in the burning of the underbrush -between the contending lines. The brigade lost five hundred and four -in killed, wounded, and missing; the heavy loss of the Thirty-sixth -being occasioned by our great exposure, and the severe fire on our -left flank and rear. The scenes and events of the day were recounted, -and entrusted to the keeping of faithful memories. Sergeant Rawson had -his story to tell of the coolness and thoughtfulness of Color-Sergeant -Todd. As they were about to enter the battle he said to Rawson, "If -anything happens to me, take good care of the State color." But for -this timely charge the flag might have fallen into the enemy's hands, -for Rawson, deeply impressed with the words of his friend, was near him -when he fell, ready to take the flag from Todd's dying grasp. - -In the line the severest loss was sustained by Company I, commanded by -Orderly Sergeant White, losing three killed and ten wounded (three of -them mortally) out of thirty-five taken into action. - -The following is the list of casualties:-- - - -_Commissioned Officers._ - -_Wounded._--Major William F. Draper, Lieutenant Joseph A. Marshall. - - -_Enlisted Men._ - -_Company A._ _Killed._--Corporal Albert H. Carter. Wounded.--Corporal -Michael Long, Private Henry A. Thompson. - -_Company B._ _Killed._--Color-Sergeant Henry Todd, Private Charles M. -Westcott. _Wounded._--Sergeant John Lamont, Privates Louis P. Abbott, -Daniel Lamont, James H. Robertson, James E. Spear. - -_Company C._ _Killed._--Private Myron M. Daniels. _Died of -Wounds._--Private Frank S. Kelley. _Wounded._--Corporal Walter -Chisold, Privates Jacob W. Bixby, Frederick S. Gates, William Harty. -_Prisoner._--Private Hartwell C. Twitchell (died August 21, 1864, at -Andersonville). - -_Company D._ _Killed._--Privates Frank M. Fenno, Andrew J. Morgan. -_Wounded._--Privates James H. Day, George L. Chase (died of wounds). - -_Company E._ _Wounded._--Sergeant Lucius L. Merrick, Privates Josiah B. -Davis, F. Daniel Hadley. - -_Company F._ _Wounded._--Sergeant Daniel Wright (taken prisoner), -Corporal Lucius Lowell, Private Chester J. Smith (died of wounds). - -_Company G._ _Killed._--Corporal Edward W. Stacy. _Died of -Wounds._--Corporal Joseph L. Haskell. _Wounded._--Privates James A. -Dadman, Aaron M. Williams, Emory Winchester. - -_Company H._ _Killed._--Corporal Joshua Rich. _Died of -Wounds._--Corporal Henry H. Mayo, Privates Luther P. Reed, Edward O. -Young (captured). _Wounded._--Corporal William N. Smith, Privates -Joseph F. Hayward, John W. Pratt, Henry W. Wetherbee. - -_Company I._ _Killed._--Corporals Isaac R. Patten, George A. Nourse, -Private Daniel V. Childs. _Died of Wounds._--Corporal William H. -Coburn, Privates Josiah Houghton, George W. Bardwell, Julius N. -Bellows. _Wounded._--Corporal James H. Barry, Privates Oscar H. Brown, -Truman Marble, Charles H. Wheeler, Israel F. Carter. - -_Company K._ _Died of Wounds._--Private Algernon S. Mandell. -_Wounded._--Privates Robert Stevens, Silas J. Howell, Jr., Henry Noi, -Samuel G. Vaughn. - -_Twenty-ninth Massachusetts._ _Wounded._--Privates Rawson, Swift, -Alexander, and Leavitt. - -With the first ray of daylight on the 7th the men were astir, in -expectation of orders for a general advance. The skirmishers exchanged -a few shots with the enemy at daybreak, but neither party manifested -any disposition to attack. The firing along Hancock's front, on our -left, was very severe at times, and word was passed down the lines that -his corps was to make an attack at right angles with our front; but the -morning wore away and no attack was made. A death-like quiet pervaded -our lines. The silence of the enemy was considered ominous, and the -picket force under Captain Morse was doubled, and then cautiously -advanced toward the enemy's skirmish pits, but only to find them -deserted. The enemy had withdrawn. - -Small parties were now sent out to remove the wounded lying in our -front, and to recover the bodies of the dead. As the sad procession -moved to the rear the hearts of many were made sad in recognizing -among the mangled dead and wounded the forms of dear comrades whom -we fondly hoped had met the less sad fate of capture. The dead were -carefully buried, and their graves marked. While this sad work was -being performed the regiment erected a strong breastwork of logs, and -every precaution was taken to guard against a sudden attack of the -enemy. Here we were visited by Colonel Morrison, of the Seventy-ninth -New York,--our former brigade commander,--who was about to be mustered -out of the service, the term of his regiment having expired. He had -been wounded in the arm the day before, but refused to go to the rear. -He came over to say good-by to his former "pets" before leaving for his -home. - - - - -CHAPTER XIV. - -AT SPOTTSYLVANIA. - - -Toward noon it became evident that a new movement was contemplated. -About one o'clock we marched by the flank to the rear, and halted near -the road for the rest of the brigade to withdraw, and concentrate. We -then moved rapidly to the open ground near the Old Wilderness Tavern, -where the Ninth Corps was massed. There we saw our immense artillery -and ammunition trains moving in the direction of Chancellorsville. - -We remained at the tavern until dark, and had supper there. For -forty-eight hours our only food had been bread and water. As soon -as the trains were on the road we were ordered to follow them in -the direction of Chancellorsville. The march was very tedious and -vexatious, owing to the darkness and the slow movement of the wagons. -At every few rods we were obliged to halt, and the weary men threw -themselves upon the ground for a few moments' rest, only to be aroused -to move a little distance and repeat the same experience. At ten -o'clock the picket-firing ceased, and we lay down by the roadside for -the night. At daylight we resumed the march. At nine o'clock we reached -Chancellorsville, and halted in an open field, at the intersection -of the Gordonsville Plank and Orange County roads. Here stood the -ruins of the house used by General Hooker as head-quarters during the -great battle fought one year before, and all around us traces of the -bloody struggle could be seen. Without shelter from the scorching -sun, and covered with dust raised in great clouds by the passing -trains and troops, we remained at Chancellorsville during the entire -day. The Fifth and Second Corps had moved on the Brock road toward -Spottsylvania; the Sixth was with us. As the last division filed past -us down the Plank road, and the fire of the Wilderness died away, the -distant booming of artillery in our front announced that the enemy was -in position across the advance of the Fifth Corps. - -The firing increased all the afternoon, and at sunset was very heavy. -The brigade bivouacked at Chancellorsville, and remained until nearly -noon of the next day, when orders were received to move down the Plank -road in the direction of the conflict. During the afternoon we moved -from one position to another, and at dusk were put in line of battle -upon a high crest west of the Richmond and Potomac Railroad, on the -extreme left of the army. We were not permitted to remain long in this -fine position, where we expected to pass the night, but were moved out -to the road again, and marched rapidly through deserted camps and past -smouldering camp-fires, until late at night we bivouacked near General -Burnside's head-quarters, and upon the left of the army of the Potomac, -which during the day had been closing around the strong position of the -enemy at Spottsylvania Court-House. Three divisions of our corps were -now concentrated at this point, the Fourth Division being detailed as -guard for the supply train of the army. - -The 10th of May was clear and intensely hot. The burning sun drove us -from the open fields to seek the shelter of the woods. There we lay -during the long and tedious hours, listening to the sounds of battle on -our right, with orders to be ready to move at a moment's notice. Thus -far during the campaign but little artillery had been used, owing to -the nature of the country; but on this day the action was on more open -ground, and much of the artillery of both armies was brought into use, -the cannonading resembling one continuous peal of thunder. - -Reports came to us that Lee's army was being forced from its strong -defences; in fact, rumors of the wildest description reached us. They -were soon to be dispelled, however, for, at four o'clock, marching -orders were received, and in another moment we were on the road, -marching in the direction of the conflict. The route lay over a good -road, through noble forests, until at length we reached the open -country along the banks of the Ny river. After halting at the Harris -house for the command to close up, the march was continued to the -river, which we crossed by the turnpike bridge. Here we filed to -the left into an open field, and the division was formed in line of -battle, and ordered to advance rapidly. On reaching a rise of ground -in our front we received a severe fire from the enemy's artillery; -but the advance was not checked. The troops on the right of the road -soon encountered the skirmishers of A. P. Hill's corps, and pressed -them back, our regiment threatening their flanks. The artillery was -now brought to bear on the enemy's line, and the whole division -advanced gallantly in face of a heavy fire, and continued until -darkness compelled a halt. This movement was made in support of the -famous charge of twelve picked regiments of the Sixth Corps, upon the -right centre of the enemy's position. The assault was made with great -gallantry, and the works were carried with a loss to the enemy of -six cannon and nine hundred prisoners; but the rebels were strongly -reinforced, and the great advantage which was gained could not be -secured. At nightfall the remnant of the noble column returned, leaving -their dead and wounded and the six pieces of cannon, which could not be -removed, in the enemy's hands. - -The division passed the night in line of battle, without fires or -coffee. The picket line was attacked several times; but no serious -demonstration was made, and there were no casualties on our front. At -daylight of the 11th the line advanced to the crest of a ridge directly -in our front, from which we obtained a fine view of the enemy's -position. We were about a quarter of a mile from the Court-House, -around which stood the enemy's earthworks, bristling with cannon, -and surrounded by a formidable abatis and slashing of timber. They -seemed to be alive with troops, who, doubtless from our close advance, -expected an immediate attack. The enemy evidently desired our approach, -and were ready to give us a hot reception. The position was strong -naturally, and the fortifications and obstructions rendered it -well-nigh impregnable. Our pickets held a very advanced position and -kept up a lively skirmishing all the morning. Being seriously exposed, -we were ordered to build a line of breastworks along our whole front, -maintaining at the same time the utmost vigilance lest the enemy should -attack our left and flank. Notwithstanding a close and annoying fire -we were able to construct a strong line of intrenchments during the -forenoon; but we were not allowed the privilege of defending them, -for at three o'clock orders were received to withdraw with the utmost -speed and caution. This was a perilous undertaking in the face of a -watchful and powerful enemy. The movement was made against the earnest -remonstrance of the corps commander, and the mistake was afterwards -seen when too late to be corrected. The day had been intensely hot, and -now the sky was black with clouds. As the movement commenced the rain -began to fall. Soon it descended in torrents, and during the drenching -rain which followed, the works were evacuated without exciting the -attention of the enemy. - -The brigade was now hurried to the rear, the direction of the march -being toward the right of our line, and in another hour the corps was -massed in a large open field near the Harris house. Here we remained -more than an hour, exposed to the full fury of the drenching rain, -which caused the men to shiver with cold. It was the first rain that -had fallen during the campaign, and, however welcome it might have -been in allaying the stifling dust and cooling the heated air, it was -decidedly unpleasant to be obliged to encounter its full force in -the open field, without shelter of any kind. Here the wearied men -partook of the first nourishment during the day. At dusk the corps -was again ordered forward to a new position in the advanced line, -more to the right of that occupied during the day. We crossed the -broad meadows bordering the Ny river, and as we moved forward an aid -reported to Captain Barker that, Colonel Bliss having been injured, he -had been directed to notify the senior officer to take command of the -brigade, and that Lieutenant-Colonel Pleasants, of the Forty-eighth -Pennsylvania, was in command. He was soon succeeded, however, by -Colonel Curtin, who had been temporarily absent. - -The shower settled into a steady rain, and the night was cold and -cheerless. The advance was continued in the darkness until we -reached a line of breastworks around a deserted farm-house. Here we -remained during the night. The head-quarters of the regiment were in -a dilapidated barn, and nearly all the officers lay down upon the -wet ground, which constituted the floor. The place was filthy and -disagreeable; but any shelter was welcome on such a night. The hours -dragged drearily. The men were under arms, and the pickets, though -almost exhausted, were alert and vigilant. We were ignorant of the -enemy's position, yet conscious that the morning light would reveal it, -and be the signal for a determined assault. - -The morning of Thursday (the 12th) dawned cold and dismal. A curtain -of gray mist enshrouded the earth as with a pall. The men shivered -as they awoke from unrefreshing sleep, and the order to advance was -promptly responded to. Without food we moved forward, continuing the -line of advance of the previous evening, and, after a short march, -reached a large opening in the forest, where a portion of the corps was -being massed in column by brigades in line of battle. During the night -the Second Corps had been massed on our right, and were ordered to -assault at daylight, with a portion of our corps to support the left. -We were to advance by brigade front, formed _en echelon_. The Second -Brigade was in front, the First Brigade had the second line, with the -Thirty-sixth again on the extreme left. The Second Brigade was ordered -to advance to the right, to uncover the front of our brigade, when we -were to advance rapidly to the front, connect our right with the left -of the Second Brigade, and push forward. While forming for the attack -we heard the loud cheers of the troops on our right, who were charging -the enemy, followed by the thunder of artillery. This was the signal -for our attack, and the division advanced rapidly toward the woods, -the brigades deployed to the right and left, and a heavy skirmish line -was thrown out. We drew the first fire from the rebel skirmishers at -half-past four o'clock. - -The line of our advance to the woods lay over a steep knoll, which -descended into a swampy thicket just in front of the woods, and while -crossing this exposed ground the regiment encountered a very severe -fire of musketry at short range from the enemy posted in the edge -of the woods; but he retired rapidly before our advance, and, as we -entered the woods, attempted to swing around our left, with the evident -intention of outflanking us. To prevent this movement Companies C, B, -and K were deployed to the left of the line of battle, to cover the -flank and protect the rear. The division which had been expected to -prolong the line of battle on the left had not come into position, and -it seemed to us that the dire experience of the Wilderness was now to -be repeated. But the enemy suddenly fell back, and appeared to abandon -the attempt to double our left flank. By five o'clock the engagement -had become very hot, and as the division advanced the cheering on the -right was renewed, and the firing became terrific. The lurid flash of -musketry lighted up the dim woods, and the din of battle resounded on -every side. - -Connection was established with Griffin's brigade, which joined the -left of the Second Corps near their point of attack at the famous -"death angle," thereby securing our right; but the left was badly -exposed, and the advance of the promised support in that direction was -anxiously awaited. We were in a dense forest, and it was impossible -to distinguish the position of the enemy or his approach, should he -attack, until the skirmishers should come in contact. The firing in our -immediate front was very sharp and close, indicating the presence of -a large force, and our skirmish line was reinforced preparatory to a -charge which we had been ordered to make, and also to resist any attack -of the enemy. - -In a few minutes intelligence was passed along the line that Hancock -had just finished a successful charge on the right, carrying the -enemy's line, near the McCool House, capturing four thousand -prisoners and twenty cannon. Soon after, a large force of the enemy -was discovered moving from the right toward the left, in column, -across our front. The skirmishers opened a sharp fire, which was not -returned, but instead we heard the cry, "For God's sake, don't fire!" -At the same time word came from the right of our division, "Cease -firing! Hancock's prisoners are passing along your front." The firing -ceased, when in a few minutes a horrible cry came from the left of the -Thirty-sixth,--"The rebels are on our flank!" The fatal impression -seemed to prevail that this body of the enemy was the division just -captured by General Hancock. A sergeant came in from the skirmish -line and reported that a Union officer had ordered the line to cease -firing, and that the rebels carried a white flag; and the impression -was general that these were rebel prisoners moving toward the rear. -They were formed squarely across our flank, and Captain Buffum, Acting -Major, who had command of the left wing, walked out on the narrow -wagon-track which diagonally crossed our left, across which these -rebels had formed, and waving his sword toward them, cried out, "Come -in, Johnnies! We won't hurt you. Come in!" We could look into their -very faces. We could almost see the whites of their eyes. They were -the veterans of A. P. Hill, Lane's brigade,[13] of Heth's division. -As far as we could distinguish weapons they were standing at ordered -arms. Captain Buffum was but ten yards from them, and going toward -their line, when he was answered by a murderous volley, which will -never be forgotten by any who survived it. And never shall we forget -the splendid coolness and courage of Captain Buffum as he came back -to the line, and amid the confusion which followed this terrible -attack, calmly faced two or three companies to the left, and gave the -order,--"Let them have it!" Though suffering fearfully the regiment -behaved nobly. The attack was terrific. It was the most awful moment -of our history. Yet the regiment was equal to the emergency, and its -stand, it is believed, saved the division from panic or capture. The -left was gradually drawn back from the colors, and soon the entire left -wing presented a front to the enemy. Lying upon the ground, loading -and firing rapidly, pouring upon the enemy a low fire which was most -effective and deadly, they maintained the unequal contest until an -order came down from the right for the whole line to charge. Then, -rising to their feet in the midst of the awful fire, with an alacrity -and courage beyond this feeble praise, the regiment was rushing toward -the enemy, when loud cheers were heard upon our left, and in another -moment we were joined by the gallant Twenty-first Massachusetts,--the -right regiment of the First Division line,--which came up on the double -quick to prolong the line of battle. Cheer answered cheer, and both -regiments charged the enemy, who was driven back to his intrenchments -with great loss, leaving his killed and wounded in our possession. Two -lines of detached rifle-pits were taken, with some prisoners, and the -right brigade carried a portion of the enemy's main line and captured -two pieces of artillery; but in a little while the enemy made a most -furious attack, and the connection with the Second Corps on the right -was broken; the right was turned and forced out of the works. - -[13] Lane's brigade was composed of the Seventh, Eighteenth, -Twenty-eighth, Thirty-third, and Thirty-seventh regiments of North -Carolina troops. The operations of the brigade on the morning of the -12th are detailed in the "History of Lane's North Carolina Brigade," -Southern Historical Society Papers, Vol. IX., No. 4, pp. 146, _et seq._ - -Soon after, a general attack along the whole line was ordered, and the -regiment advanced; but the enemy's works at this point were too strong -to be carried. The rebels made several attempts to regain the ground -we had occupied, but were driven back each time with severe loss. -Several times orders were given from the right or left to attack, but -the assaults were successful only at isolated points. Along the Third -Division front the fighting was unusually desperate and bloody. Charges -and counter-charges were made and repulsed. In the "death angle" on -the right of our division the fighting was the most sanguinary of the -war. The enemy made the most desperate attempts to recover the works, -but every attack was repulsed with great slaughter. About noon we -strengthened our skirmish line, which was very close to the enemy's -position, and a temporary line of rifle-pits was thrown up, which -afforded partial shelter. Slowly the terrible day of Spottsylvania -dragged on. The mist of the morning was but the prelude to a heavy -storm; at times the rain fell in torrents. - -After the excitement of the attack had somewhat subsided a spirit of -deep sadness pervaded the regiment. Comrades and friends had been -stricken in death. Those dismal woods had been the scene of their last -conflict; and many a companion of weary marches and lonely picket, many -a tried and trusted comrade, was sleeping in death. Of the commissioned -officers, Captain Bailey, the beloved commander of Co. G, had received -a mortal wound. Corporal Hall, of his company, was one of the first -to fall in our close conflict with the enemy, when we received the -volley with which the battle for us opened, and some of his comrades -carried him a few steps to the rear of our line of battle. Captain -Bailey moved at once to the spot, and as he was bending over the dying -corporal, a minie ball entered the captain's forehead, and he fell -forward upon the corporal's body. Some of his men carried him to the -field hospital; but nothing could be done for him. He breathed all -day; but consciousness did not return, and at nightfall he died. And -so we were called to part with a faithful officer and a noble-hearted -companion. He had entered the service with a patriotic desire to serve -his country; and his last words to those whom he loved, written after -the battle of the Wilderness, showed that he had counted the cost, and -was willing, if need be, to lay down his life in the endeavor to secure -the great objects for which on our part the war was waged. - -Captain Morse, of Company C, and Orderly Sergeant White, commanding -Company I, had both been badly wounded, and taken to the rear. The -loss of the regiment in its non-commissioned officers was especially -severe. They were rising steadily from the ranks to fill the vacancies -in the line to which their bravery and capacity entitled them. These -men had conferred honor upon the regiment, and many of them had won -the highest respect and affection of their commanding officers. -Under any circumstances their loss to the regiment would have been -deplorable; at such a time it seemed to us irreparable. The day had -been to the regiment a literal baptism of fire and blood; but before -its close we were destined to sustain another severe loss in the death -of First Lieutenant Henry W. Daniels, commanding Company H. He had -been in command of the skirmish line all day, and toward evening came -in to report the condition of the line, get ammunition and receive -instructions for the night. He said he had fired considerably during -the day and had attracted the attention of the enemy. He left us -with the repeated caution from Captain Barker not to expose himself -unnecessarily. He had been at his post but a little while when -Sergeant Woodward, who was standing in the main line, saw him fall, -and cried out, "My God! the lieutenant is shot!" His head was pierced -by a minie ball, and he who but a few moments before had left us in -the full strength and courage of early manhood was brought back a -corpse. Comrade Bartlett, who was on the skirmish line, thus relates -the circumstances of his death: "I was on the line about two rods -distant from him. He had just come out with ammunition for us. A rebel -sharp-shooter in a tree on our right had troubled us exceedingly. -Lieutenant Daniels took a musket to bring him down, as he could see by -the smoke when he fired about where he was. After discharging the piece -without effect, he had reloaded and raised it to his shoulder to fire -the second time when he was shot by the sharp-shooter, and fell dead." -This event was a sad ending of a terrible day, and cast a gloom upon -all. We were pained at the recollection that the last days of his life -were saddened by the death of his brother Myron in the Wilderness, only -six days before, and our hearts went out in sympathy toward the kindred -of all our slain in northern homes; and, as we thought of the many -scenes of peril through which we must pass, and the certainty of death -which awaited many, we cried, in the anguish and bitterness of heart, -"How long, O Lord, how long?" - -The loss in the regiment in this action, including the Twenty-ninth -men, was, killed, twenty-seven; wounded, seventy; missing,[14] ten; -total, one hundred and seven. - -[14] Courtland A. Allen, of Company D, who was among the missing, was -wounded in the hand, and in going to the rear, as he supposed, was -captured. He was in several rebel prisons, and was in Andersonville -while Sherman was on his "March to the Sea." While being removed from -Andersonville, he with five or six others jumped from the railroad -train and escaped to the swamps, where they remained for several weeks -subsisting on roots and berries, and were on the verge of starvation, -when they found a _dug-out_, and made their way down the Altamaha river -to the blockading squadron, and were taken on board one of the vessels -about six weeks after their escape. - - * * * * * - -The list, as far as can be ascertained, is as follows:-- - - - _Commissioned Officers._ - - _Killed._--Captain S. Henry Bailey, Lieutenant Henry W. Daniels. - _Wounded._--Captain Edwin A. Morse. - - - _Enlisted Men._ - - _Company A._ _Killed._--Privates James Alexander, Levi Chamberlain, - Franklin Howe. _Wounded._--Corporal Barney Sheridan, Privates - Frederick C. Battles, Andrew Coyle, John A. French, Francis A. - Perkins. - - _Company B._ _Killed._--Corporal James N. Doughty, Private Obed R. - Davis. _Wounded._--First Sergeant Thomas H. Haskell, Sergeant Edwin - F. Crosby, Corporal George W. Paine, Private John T. Priest. - - _Company C._ _Killed._--First Sergeant A. Fernando Bailey, Sergeant - George E. Freeman, Corporal Fanning T. Merritt, Private Michael - Loughlin. _Wounded._--Corporal Stephen F. Logee, Privates Luke K. - Davis, Edwin Searles. - - _Company D._ _Killed._--Sergeant Stephen T. Brooks (commanding - Company), Corporal Alden J. Sawtell, Privates Samuel B. Hale, Peter - Breen, Dennis Hare. _Died of Wounds._--Private Sanford Giles. - _Wounded._--Corporal Courtland A. Allen, Privates John M. Demary, - Edwin W. Lund, Augustus S. Whitney, William L. Renouf. - - _Company E._ _Wounded._--Privates William F. Whitney, Joseph B. - Wheelock. - - _Company F._ _Wounded._--Corporals Ammiel Littlefield, Orrick H. - Adams. - - _Company G._ _Killed._--Corporal William H. Hall. _Died of - Wounds._--Private John S. Emerson. _Wounded._--Private Andrew B. - Fletcher. - - _Company H._ _Killed._--Sergeant Jerome Pierce, Private Lewis - D. Winslow. _Died of Wounds._--Private Eugene W. Hodgman. - _Wounded._--Sergeant John A. Fisher, Private Augustus F. Colburn. - - _Company I._ _Died of Wounds._--Private Franklin Farnsworth. - _Wounded._--First Sergeant Alonzo A. White (commanding Company), - Privates Savillion Arnold, Luke Lavin, Hazen D. Leighton, John A. - Bosworth. - - _Company K._ _Died of Wounds._--Private Samuel G. Vaughn - (wounded in Wilderness, but had returned to duty). Private - Matthew Hudson (captured and died in rebel prison at Florence, - S.C.). _Wounded._--Sergeant Edward Chamberlain, Privates Silas - Chamberlain, Henry Noi (wounded May 6, but had returned to duty). - - Names of killed and wounded of Twenty-Ninth Massachusetts - Volunteers, serving with the Thirty-Sixth Regiment May 12th, 1864. - - _Killed._--Sergeants Hamer and Mosher, Privates Alexander, Fisher, - Ward, Morton,[15] Murphy, and Mansfield. _Wounded._--Privates - Adams, Willett, Feeney, Little, Guiney, Mitchell, Hamlin, Parsons, - McAloney, Hoxie, Thresher, and Thompson. - -[15] Lemuel Morton had a presentiment that he should be killed in this -battle. He had but two days more to serve to complete an honorable -record of three years. He was the first man killed in the engagement, -falling at the first fire, before the regiment entered the woods. - -The most severe loss was sustained by Company D,[16] which lost seven -killed and nine wounded,--a total of sixteen. The loss in the brigade -in killed, wounded, and missing was four hundred and fifty-one; in the -division one thousand one hundred and ninety-three. - -[16] In this action Captain Buffum acted as Major, and his Company [D] -was commanded by Sergeant Brooks until he was killed. The company was -then under command of Sergeant Liberty W. Foskett, until the arrival -of First Sergeant John A. Stearns, from recruiting service, May 15th. -Sergeant Foskett was wounded at Petersburg, June 17th, 1864. - -During the entire night of the 12th the men were hard at work -felling trees and erecting breastworks, and by daylight we had a -strong defensive line. The 13th passed without special incident. The -skirmish-firing was sharp and unremitting, and one man, Private William -H. Doyle, Company B, was badly wounded. A feeling of dread uncertainty -pervaded the troops. An assault upon the enemy's works was ordered, but -before any movement could be made the order was countermanded. At times -the rain fell in torrents, and our position was very uncomfortable. - -On the 14th the men belonging to the Twenty-ninth Massachusetts, -whose term of service expired that day, were sent to the rear to be -transported to Washington for muster-out. They were followed, on the -16th, by the remainder of that regiment, seventy-six in number, whose -terms of service expired at various dates between the 14th and 21st of -May. Immediately after the action of the 12th the attention of General -Burnside was called to the circumstances of the case, and he at once -ordered that the survivors should now have their discharge, and caused -them to be sent to Washington. The departure of these comrades caused a -material reduction of our effective strength; but we rejoiced in their -good fortune, and bade them God-speed homeward. We regarded them as -brothers, and parted from them with deep regret. They were transferred -to our regiment on the 30th of January, 1864, while in Tennessee, under -circumstances of peculiar hardship, owing to what has always been -considered a too literal interpretation of a general order. For more -than three months they had been identified with our command in all the -hardships and privations of the spring of 1864. They evinced the spirit -of true Massachusetts soldiers, and nobly performed their duty to the -last hour of their service. Their courage and devotion at Spottsylvania -are worthy of the highest praise. Eight of these men, Sergeants Mosher -and Hamer, Privates Mansfield, Alexander, Fisher, Ward, Morton, and -Murphy, having but a few, some of them only two, days longer to serve -to complete the honorable record of three years' service, went into -that battle and sealed their devotion by pouring out their blood and -dying in defence of the nation's honor. To us it seemed hard, indeed, -that these men could not have been sent to the rear on the morning of -that day, or assigned to some duty whereby that sacrifice need not have -been extorted. But, like good soldiers, they went forward as ever under -the folds of the flag that before nightfall was to be crimsoned with -their blood. All honor to the noble band, also, twelve in number, who -were wounded on that day; and all honor to the gallant regiment in -which they were trained to such performance of duty! - -The storm continued throughout the 14th. In the night the enemy drove -in our pickets three times, and the men were under arms, hoping that -the enemy would attack the main line. This, however, they declined to -do. Sunday, the 15th, was stormy and dismal. The long rain rendered our -position very trying and uncomfortable. We had but little shelter, and -the exposure to the constant bad weather, the scarcity of food, the -want of sleep, and the mental strain, now began to have perceptible -effect. Many cases of sickness were reported, and Assistant-Surgeon -Bryant, the only medical officer with the regiment, afforded what -relief the limited means at hand would permit. The supply of ammunition -was replenished, and the lines were thoroughly inspected by General -Potter, who ordered a traverse built in rear of our regiment. Although -the weather was dark and gloomy, and there were many discouraging -circumstances, the day was rendered comparatively happy by the arrival -of Captain Smith, First Lieutenant Brigham, and nine non-commissioned -officers, who had been absent since February on recruiting service in -Massachusetts. They received a soldier's welcome, and proved to be a -timely and valuable reinforcement. - -On the 16th Captain Buffum, in charge of the skirmish line, advanced -the pickets, and strengthened and improved the front line. This was not -agreeable to the enemy, who made several ineffectual attempts to force -us back. A strong demonstration was made on our part, and the firing -was severe. The enemy was found to be in full force, and no attack was -made. Cannonading and skirmishing continued through the 17th, and the -position of some of the corps was changed. The Fifth and Sixth Corps -moved to the left, leaving only Birney's division of the Second Corps -on the right of the Ninth. Corporal Marcus Keep, of Co. E, was mortally -wounded. During the night it became evident that a new movement was on -foot. Troops were in line of battle in our rear, and we were ordered -to be in readiness to move in any direction at a moment's notice. At -four o'clock, on the morning of the 18th, the artillery opened along -the entire line, under cover of which a portion of the Second Corps, -with the Second Brigade of our division, made a vigorous attack upon -the enemy's line. The enemy had slashed timber along his front, and -the abatis was almost impenetrable, and by eleven o'clock, after -three attempts to storm the works, the effort was abandoned, although -considerable ground was gained, and a good position secured. The -enemy's artillery fire was very severe, and directed especially against -our division; but the loss in our brigade was very slight. Toward -evening the attacking column was withdrawn, and the Second Brigade was -massed in our rear. - -The newly commissioned chaplain, Rev. Nathaniel Richardson, reported -on the 18th, and was assigned to duty in the Field Hospital, among the -sick and wounded. - -At midnight the regiment was aroused by an aide-de-camp, and ordered to -move silently and rapidly to the rear. Upon reaching the open ground, -where we formed on the morning of the 12th, we filed toward the left of -the line, and after a very tedious march, over rough corduroy, stumps, -and fallen timber, halted at daylight near the Anderson house, where -a large portion of the army was massed. At eight o'clock the corps -marched by the flank toward the left, in a southerly direction, and -while on the march were passed by Generals Grant, Meade, and Burnside, -who were greeted with loud cheering. It soon became evident that a -general movement was in progress. After marching three or four miles -a halt was ordered, and the division filed into a large open field, -and went into line of battle on the left of the corps; afterwards the -division was faced to the left, and formed in two lines of battle, -the First Brigade in front. The brigade was then formed in column by -regiments, the Thirty-sixth being in front, and moved forward across -the field to the edge of a forest, where companies A and G were -deployed as skirmishers under the eye of General Potter. We moved -through a belt of fine woods, and halted in front of a broad, open -plain, at a point where three roads intersected. Here we were ordered -to intrench. A high rail fence formed the basis of the line, and in a -little while we had a strong defence. Jones' Eleventh Massachusetts -Battery was put in position on our left, and by noon the line was -firmly established, and the men lay down to enjoy the much-needed rest. - -That afternoon we received the first mail since leaving Catlett's, -fifteen days before; and many hearts were made happy by loving words -from home. The dangers and fatigues of the past two weeks were soon -forgotten or transcribed to paper, for we now had our first opportunity -for writing as well as receiving letters. Scattered through the woods -in all directions could be seen the brave soldiers, who but yesterday -were engaged in deadly conflict, recounting to the loved ones at home -the story of the marches, bloody battles, and sad losses of the past -two weeks. Ours was, proverbially, a "letter-writing" regiment, and the -mail for our single regiment often exceeded that of the remainder of -the brigade. - -The camp at this place was greatly enjoyed. Baggage was brought up from -the rear, shelter tents were pitched, and the men improved all the -opportunities for rest. A strong force reconnoitred toward Stannard's -Mills, on the Po river, and returned safely, having found no enemy -within five miles of our position. Heavy firing continued on our right, -and an attempt of Early's corps to turn the right flank, and seize the -Fredericksburg road, was splendidly repulsed by a division of heavy -artillery regiments on their way to the front to reinforce the army. - -But, like all other pleasant experiences in a soldier's life, this rest -was soon to end. At half-past three o'clock, on the afternoon of the -21st, we received orders to break camp, and the brigade, with Jones' -battery, was ordered to take possession of the crossing of the Po river -at Stannard's Mills. After marching about five miles the Forty-fifth -Pennsylvania, which was in the advance, encountered the enemy's -pickets, and after a lively fight drove them across the river. Upon our -further advance we uncovered a battery of three guns, posted near the -river, which opened upon us with a heavy fire of shell and canister. -Colonel Curtin formed his line of battle in the woods near the river, -and the skirmishers became briskly engaged along the river's banks. -General Potter came up at this time to examine the position of the -enemy, which was found to be strongly intrenched. While searching for -a ford by which to cross and attack, orders were received to suspend -the attack, and our brigade and Jones' battery were left in position, -to prevent the enemy from crossing, while the remainder of the column -moved, by way of Smith's Mills, to Downer's bridge. - -The day had been pleasant and very hot; but at dusk, just as we had -completed our movement, a heavy rain set in. We were in close proximity -to a watchful enemy, and were obliged to maintain the utmost vigilance -and quiet. We had no blankets nor shelter of any kind, and were not -allowed to kindle fires, and, in consequence, passed a most dreary -and uncomfortable night. Troops were marching in rear of our line all -night, and before daylight our brigade was withdrawn and moved forward -on the Telegraph road southward. - - - - -CHAPTER XV. - -ON THE NORTH ANNA AND THE PAMUNKEY. - - -The great army was once more on the march, and another "left-flanker" -was in progress. At six o'clock, on Sunday morning, we halted an hour -for breakfast. At seven the march was resumed. The day was pleasant -and very hot, relieved by a half hour's rain at noon. Our brigade was -separated from the remainder of the corps, which had marched during -the previous night while we had been holding the river fords. During -our noon halt all the trains of the army passed us, together with the -head-quarters' guard, and the rebel prisoners captured in the recent -battles. The noon halt was at Guiney Station. In the afternoon we -marched in the direction of Bowling Green, toward the North Anna river, -and our brigade had the rear of the column on this road. The march that -day was very pleasant. We had emerged from the dense forests of the -Wilderness and Spottsylvania to an open and beautiful farming country, -abounding with well-tilled fields and fine dwellings, which bore -evidences of comfort and plenty, unscathed by the desolations of war. -As we advanced southward the roads improved, and our march was very -rapid. At five o'clock we came up with the remainder of our division, -and continued the march until nightfall, when we bivouacked near Bethel -Church, having marched sixteen miles. - -Early the next morning the march was resumed, but the roads were so -crowded with the wagon-trains and artillery that the progress was very -slow, and we did not fairly commence our day's work till three o'clock -in the afternoon. The roads having by that time been partly cleared -we pushed along with great rapidity, our ears being every few minutes -greeted with the distant booming of artillery. Our speed was not abated -until about dark, when we approached the North Anna river at Ox Ford. -We bivouacked for the night by the roadside near Chesterfield Church, -and were lulled to sleep by the din of moving battalions and the steady -fire of the skirmishers. - -Grant's movement to the North Anna had been observed by Lee. The -operation, which in the presence of a wary foe is one of the most -hazardous, had been conducted with great skill and complete success; -yet the enemy, possessing the direct road to the river, had been -enabled to move with great rapidity, while the march of our army -had to be made cautiously over comparatively unknown roads. When, -therefore, we reached the river we found the enemy prepared to dispute -its passage. The army of the Potomac reached the North Anna on the -afternoon of the 23d, at three points,--the Fifth and Sixth Corps, on -the right, at Jericho Ford; the Ninth near Ox Ford; and the Second, on -the left, at the Chesterfield bridge. The river at the points where the -army reached it makes a bend to the south, and then immediately to the -north-east, thus nearly forming two sides of a triangle. Lee's army was -in a strong position, the centre resting opposite General Burnside's -position at Ox Ford, with his flanks drawn back, the line of battle -being nearly in the form of the letter V; or, as a rebel author aptly -writes, Lee had "inserted a wedge of gray tipped with steel," in the -centre of Grant's line. The Fifth and Sixth Corps crossed the river to -the right, and the Second, after sharp fighting at the bridge on the -left. - -When the passage at Ox Ford, between the two wings of our army, was -attempted by General Burnside, it was resisted with great spirit; and -it being impracticable to attack at that point, although a portion -of the corps crossed the river, the Ninth Corps was divided, and our -division assigned to General Hancock to coöperate in the movement on -the left. The 24th was excessively hot. The men were obliged to lie in -an open field exposed to the sun, and suffered much from the heat. Soon -after daylight the picket fire deepened into a heavy and continuous -discharge of musketry, mingled now and then with artillery. At two -o'clock came the order "Fall in!" and in a moment we were on our way -toward the river which separated us from General Lee's position. Just -before we reached the river a brief halt was ordered. We had moved out -in column, and the Thirty-sixth had the left. When we resumed the march -we faced by the left, and moved by a circuitous route through the woods -to Chesterfield bridge, passing the hospitals of the Second Corps. Upon -reaching General Hancock's head-quarters Colonel Curtin reported to -that officer in person, who ordered us to cross the river at once. We -were, however, obliged to wait for some time, while other troops and -batteries were crossing, and were exposed to a severe artillery fire, -which would have been very destructive had the guns been better served. -We also encountered a severe fire as we crossed Chesterfield bridge, -but fortunately no one was injured. - -After crossing the river Captain Barker was directed to push on -without waiting for the brigade, with orders to report to any officer -of General Hancock's staff. We passed through a strong line of works -captured early in the day by Birney's division of the Second Corps, -and were ordered to relieve a Pennsylvania regiment of Mott's brigade, -which had been deployed in the woods as skirmishers. This duty was at -once performed, when General Hancock, who had come out to look at the -ground, ordered us to push forward, with the remark, "See if you can -find any rebels." The regiment advanced gallantly with a fine line, -considering its length and the dense forest. In a few minutes a sharp -rattling fire proved that we had found the enemy and in strong force. -We continued the advance until we neared a large clearing,--an open, -level field, across which, in the edge of the woods, could be seen -the enemy's entrenched picket line and the strong main line beyond. A -charge across this field would entail fearful loss, for the rebels were -burrowed in their works and could pour a most destructive fire upon our -line. By this time the remainder of the division had come into line in -our rear, and in a little while had a line of log breastworks erected. -We were ordered to cover the front of our division, and it became -necessary to extend our right to the bank of the river, which at this -point was very high and steep. The enemy were well posted, and the fire -of their sharp-shooters was very annoying and fatal. Company A lost -Sergeants May and Derby, two of its best men, within five minutes after -the line was extended. At the same time the left was extended, and our -line, though thin, was in good position. - -While these movements were in progress a most furious thunder-shower, -which had threatened for some hours, burst upon us in great violence. -The rain poured in torrents, and the blinding lightning and rolling -thunder mingling with the volleys of musketry and crash of artillery -produced an impression calculated to inspire terror in the stoutest -heart. The storm was so severe as for a time to put a stop to the -firing while the battle of the elements continued. After the fury of -the tempest had somewhat abated the picket-firing was actively renewed. -Just before dark General Potter came out to examine the position, and -while inspecting the picket line narrowly escaped death from the fire -of the sharp-shooters. He was mounted, and presented a good target for -their fire. He was cautioned of his danger and the nearness of the -enemy, but answered only with an indifferent "Humph!" and after he had -completed his inspection, which seemed unnecessarily long, turned and -rode leisurely away, to the evident relief of his companions. - -Notwithstanding a heavy rain, which continued the greater part of the -night, and our cheerless and exposed position, a steady fire was kept -up all along the picket line, and the enemy's fire was unusually -hostile. The returning daylight revealed the entrenchments of the enemy -across the clearing in our front to be much nearer than we had realized -in our advance in the previous twilight. They were very strong, -protected by a formidable abatis, and were well filled with troops, who -poured upon us a very close and effective fire. Our position, although -somewhat protected by detached rifle-pits thrown up the night before, -was greatly exposed and very dangerous. Soon after daylight the left -of the regiment was advanced a short distance, for the purpose of -correcting the formation of the picket line. The work was accomplished -under a severe fire, by which Luke Doyle of K, and Corporal Rice of C, -were badly wounded. By slow degrees the picket-pits were extended, and -by noon the line was made continuous and afforded a good protection. At -four o'clock that afternoon the regiment was relieved, and posted in -rear of the Forty-fifth Pennsylvania in the line of battle, having lost -one man killed and four wounded. - -During the 26th the brigade was under arms all day. The Second Brigade, -supported by a portion of our own, attacked and drove back the whole -line of the enemy's skirmishers in our front, and established a new -line farther in advance. The works of the enemy were now reconnoitred, -and found to be so strong as to make an attack impracticable; -accordingly the anticipated assault was not made. The rain continued; -but the arrival of an unusually large mail caused much joy in camp, and -more than compensated for the drenching we sustained. At nine o'clock -that evening Captain Smith, brigade officer of the day, advanced the -entire skirmish line, under a sharp fire of musketry and artillery. -Our brigade was then relieved by a brigade of Birney's division, and -quietly withdrawn across the river, the Thirty-sixth leading the -division line. After stumbling about in the mud and darkness for some -five miles, the brigade, at two A.M., bivouacked near Mount Carmel -Church, on the same ground occupied by us on the night of the 23d. -The operations of the last four days had been extremely exhausting. -The constant strain by day and night, the exposure to storm, and all -the dangers and fatigue incident to such a campaign, began to tell -seriously upon the command. The effective strength of the regiment now -was ten commissioned officers and two hundred and thirty-six enlisted -men. - -On the 27th orders bearing date of May 25th were promulgated from -General Grant's head-quarters, consolidating the Ninth Army Corps with -the Army of the Potomac. Heretofore it had been an independent command, -receiving directions from General Grant. By this arrangement General -Burnside, although senior in rank to General Meade, placed himself -voluntarily under his command, and, with characteristic unselfishness, -generously waived all considerations of rank and military etiquette for -the good of the service. - -During the forenoon of the 27th the corps was concentrated near Mount -Carmel Church. Early in the afternoon the third flanking movement -commenced. Each of these movements had brought us face to face with -the enemy strongly intrenched to dispute our further progress. Each -time, after days of toil and bloodshed, without gaining any material -advantage, we had been withdrawn to renew the struggle at some other -point. This movement was secretly and successfully accomplished. Not -a picket shot was fired, and the enemy did not seem to be aware of -the withdrawal. In the march the Second Division had the rear of the -column, and we moved in a south-easterly direction, toward the Pamunkey -river. The roads were so obstructed by wagon trains and artillery -that it cannot be said that we _marched_ until night. We caught two -or three hours' sleep at intervals during the evening, but after nine -o'clock the halts were less frequent until about one o'clock, when we -bivouacked by the roadside, after a toilsome march of about twelve -miles. - -At daylight on the 28th the camp was astir. At seven o'clock the march -was resumed, and we passed through a fine, open country, level and -well cultivated. The march, however, was as tedious as that of the day -before. The regular roads were given up to the immense trains, and -the troops were obliged to make their way across fields and bottom -lands. At noon we had an hour's rest for dinner, and at half-past two -we halted on the grounds of an extensive plantation, where the corps -was massed. Corps head-quarters were at the mansion-house. It was a -princely establishment, surrounded by the cabins of the slaves, and -from appearances "all the hands" were at home. We expected to camp at -this place; but, after an hour's halt, greatly to our disappointment we -were ordered forward. - -The Second Division now had the right. The march was severe, and -many fell out exhausted. Occasionally a halt was ordered, and the -men dropped in the road for rest, and many had to be aroused to -prevent them from being run over by the galloping artillery. It was -emphatically a forced march. The roads were ablaze with burning rails, -and the tall pines on fire presented a most picturesque and brilliant -scene for those who could keep their eyes open long enough to enjoy -it. Soon after midnight, near Hanover Town, we reached the Pamunkey -river, which we crossed on the pontoon bridge at one o'clock, and half -an hour later bivouacked about two miles from the river. It was noticed -that there was no playing "High, Low, Jack" to determine who should -go for the water or cook the coffee. Every man dropped in his place, -completely exhausted from the effects of a night march of more than -twenty miles. - -At four o'clock on the 29th we were again aroused, moved forward a few -miles, and halted in the woods by the roadside while the Fifth Corps -passed to the front. Soon after noon we were ordered to the rear, and -halted for rest in a pine grove, through which flowed a stream of -water in close proximity to the wagon train. It was Sunday; surely -rest was never more welcome to wearied, jaded men. It was the first -rest deserving the name since the 20th, at Spottsylvania. Here we -pitched our tents, and the men availed themselves of a fine opportunity -for washing clothes, and overhauling their sadly diminished wardrobe. -The evening was bright and beautiful. The head-quarters' band near us -discoursed patriotic and sacred music and songs of home, and the memory -of that pleasant Sabbath is undimmed even at this lapse of time. To -many it was the last Sabbath on earth. The next dawned upon their lowly -graves in the swamps of the Chickahominy! - -At eight o'clock on Monday, the 30th, we moved out of camp, and soon -joined the remainder of the division at Hawes' shop. An intelligent -guideboard informed us we were only twelve miles from Richmond. Line -of battle was soon after formed, and an advance ordered. The enemy was -in a strong position, and the skirmishing was very sharp. The division -halted in the road while the Forty-eighth Pennsylvania cleared the -ground in our front by a gallant charge, when the division crossed a -creek, and advanced about half a mile by the right flank into an open -plain, where we formed line of battle under the personal direction of -General Potter, who himself placed the guides. Here we were ordered -to intrench, and soon had a good line of rifle-pits, while a heavy -skirmish line was deployed in the woods in our front. The Second Corps -was upon our right, our corps occupying a position between the Second -and Fifth Corps. Strong reconnoissances were made on the roads leading -toward the Chickahominy and Richmond. The firing was very heavy, and -the rebel army was found to be in strong position on the line of -the Totopotomoy. Again having the direct road they were enabled to -confront us with their entire army strongly intrenched. The result of -the movements of this day was to secure ground well up to the enemy's -lines; but no decisive action was fought. - -On the 31st, in the afternoon, an advance was ordered. We left our -strong works in the plain, and moved forward in line to the woods, and -supported a gallant attack of the Second Brigade, made in connection -with the Second Corps. We advanced about three-quarters of a mile over -what General Potter reported to be the worse ground he ever knew. -The firing was very brisk, but being in the second line our loss was -slight. The enemy was found to be strongly intrenched; but the attack -forced him out of a line of skirmish pits, which were captured by our -division, and the troops pushed closely up to the enemy's main line. -The picket line was established with great difficulty, after severe -fighting. The line of battle was now in a dense forest, reminding us -of the Wilderness, and we occupied the remainder of the afternoon in -preparing for a general attack. We connected on the right with Birney's -division of the Second Corps, and were ordered to advance with the -right or left, as the occasion might demand. On our right General -Hancock attempted to force the enemy's line; but the resistance was so -determined that no advantage was gained. A strong line of works was -erected, and the men slept on their arms, ready to repel an attack. - -Early the next morning a battery of six Napoleon guns was brought up -and put in position immediately in rear of our regiment, and opened -fire on the enemy. At the same time heavy skirmishing was resumed, -and the line was prepared to assault the works in our front. General -Birney was to attack on the right, and our movement was to conform to -his. His troops moved out; but the works in his front were found to -be very formidable, protected in front by marshy ground and a strong -abatis, and the approaches enfiladed with artillery. In moving forward -General Birney uncovered a battery, and he was obliged to suspend the -attack. The men were under arms all day, ready to move forward or to -the right or left. It was a long day of anxiety and suspense. Later the -enemy made a fierce attack upon the two divisions on our left, but was -handsomely repulsed, with heavy loss. Toward night he advanced a strong -line to attack our division. He advanced in fine order, under a heavy -fire; but, not liking the appearance of our works, prudently retired. -The fighting all along the line was very severe. Much artillery was -used, but no special advantage was gained. - -About midnight we were aroused by whispered orders to move by the right -flank, and with the utmost secrecy, to the rear. Long before daylight -we were in position in the line of works built by us on the 30th of -May. The Second Corps had been withdrawn from our right and moved to -the left of the army. We were ordered to be in constant readiness -for a rapid movement. While waiting here some of our comrades of the -Forty-fifth Pennsylvania, seized with a sudden attack of the Eastern -Tennessee foraging mania, visited a recently deserted house in our -rear. Upon searching the premises they found some hams and bacon -sides buried in the cellar, and, on pursuing their investigations -further, dug up, not hams, but bags of silver coin, which the owner had -secreted. The amount found, it is said, was more than $3,000, besides a -considerable amount in gold. The lucky miners carried on a profitable -brokerage business for an hour, and soon the silver coin, exchanged for -currency, was everywhere throughout the camp. - - - - -CHAPTER XVI. - -AT COLD HARBOR. - - -At one o'clock we were ordered to the left, and moved by the left -flank. The heat was intense, and the roads dusty. After marching about -two miles that portion of the corps which had left the line was massed -in an open field near General Meade's head-quarters, in rear of the -Fifth Corps right. Almost as soon as we halted we were overtaken by a -furious shower, which soon settled into an easterly storm. The rain -poured in torrents, and each one was sheltering himself as much as -possible, when the enemy made an attack. Rhodes' division of Ewell's -corps, supported by Hill and Gordon, had been thrown forward along -the road from Hundley's Corner, and had struck the skirmish line that -covered our flank. The corps was at once put in position to resist -the enemy's advance. The movement was on open ground, and the only -corps manœuvre we had witnessed during the campaign. It was directed -by General Burnside in person. The corps moved in three long lines by -division fronts, and presented a splendid spectacle. It was a review -under fire. When we came into position the First Division was in the -front, on high ground near Bethesda Church. The Second and Third -Divisions supported the First. Two batteries of artillery opened upon -the advancing enemy, who replied with artillery and musketry, and for -a time there was a brisk duel. The attack of the enemy was handsomely -repulsed, although, in the surprise occasioned by his first attack upon -the skirmish line of the First Division, he succeeded in capturing a -large number of prisoners. Toward dusk the division was moved by the -right flank to extend the line of battle in that direction, and a line -of rifle-pits was thrown up. Later in the evening we advanced farther -to the right and front, where the brigade was massed, and ordered to -bivouac for the night. The men had hardly time to roll themselves in -their blankets when the Thirty-sixth was sent for to prolong the line -of the Second Brigade. It was raining hard when the regiment moved out. -We halted in rear of the left of the Second Brigade line, which formed -the extreme right of the army. In front of us and to the left was a -line of deserted intrenchments, which the regiment was now ordered to -occupy. This was a very hazardous operation. We were ignorant of the -position, but knew that the enemy was in the immediate vicinity, if -not in the very works we were ordered to occupy. Not a ray of light -illumined the more than midnight darkness. The trees were dripping with -moisture and every drop sounded like a footfall. As discovery would -frustrate the entire plan, the men were sent in singly, each being -cautioned to move quietly. We were obliged to use the utmost vigilance, -and as it was, we drew some shots in moving in. We soon discovered the -enemy to be on the other side of our line of pits, but a little on our -left. A long, anxious night followed, a fitting prelude to the fearful -day to follow. - -We now fully comprehend what then we could not clearly understand. -Of the previous movements we had been able to form some conception; -but the operations since crossing the Pamunkey, conducted rapidly in -jungles, swamps, and labyrinths of forest; in storm and darkness; by -marches and countermarches, advances and withdrawals,--all seemed to -us to be without consistent plan or purpose. But these operations -had been necessary to develop the strong position of the enemy along -the line of the Chickahominy, covering the railroad approach and the -principal roads leading to Richmond. The only direct path to the -Confederate capital lay across this noted stream, which one writer says -may be regarded as a wet ditch in front of the outer fortifications -of Richmond. In order to further advance upon his chosen line, it was -necessary for General Grant to force a passage of this stream. The -enemy's position along its front was so strong and unassailable that no -course seemed open except to extend the left, and, by a movement lower -down, outflank his right, and endeavor to pass the Chickahominy at Cold -Harbor. - -On the first day of June Grant sent the Sixth Corps and other troops to -take possession of Cold Harbor at the left extremity of the line, it -being the junction of important roads leading to White House Landing, -Dispatch Station, Hanover, and Richmond. It commanded these divergent -roads, and was of particular importance, as it covered the road leading -to the base of supplies at White House. The place was occupied after -a sharp struggle, and the severe attack of the enemy to repossess -the place had been handsomely repulsed. That evening General Grant -determined there to force the passage of the Chickahominy, and drive -Lee's army within the intrenchments of Richmond. For this purpose the -Second Corps had been withdrawn from our right, and massed on the left -during the night of the 1st. The enemy had detached correspondingly -to his right, and the terrific shower in the afternoon, while it -interrupted Grant's plan of attack, did not prevent the enemy from -crowding all his available troops toward Cold Harbor, and perfecting -his arrangements for defence. Our line was now being contracted and -prepared to attack. Though the manœuvre during the afternoon had been -intercepted, the enemy had gained no special advantage in following up -our movement. Our line extended from near Bethesda Church on the right, -to the Dispatch Station road at Barker's Mills on the left, a distance -of about six miles. The Second Corps was now on the extreme left, the -Second Division of the Ninth Corps held the extreme right. We were on -historic ground. Two years before this had been the scene of several -of the great battles between the armies of Lee and McClellan, with the -positions, however, somewhat changed. That soil had drank the blood of -thousands of our gallant comrades; it was again to drink the blood of -thousands more. - -The orders had been issued for a general assault along the entire line -at daybreak, and the final preparations were now being made. As we have -already said, the night was stormy and intensely dark. The men had -no shelter, and could not sleep, and suffered much discomfort. Just -before day the regiment, with one or two others of the Second Brigade, -was withdrawn from the woods and ordered to construct a new line of -breastworks. This work was prosecuted with all possible despatch, -and was nearly completed when, most unexpectedly, the regiment was -ordered to join our own brigade, then forming for attack. Without -a moment's delay, though weary, hungry, and cold, these brave men -leaped the breastworks and formed on the extreme left of the brigade, -joining it on the double-quick. The line was short. The brigade had -dwindled to a handful compared with its former numbers, but for the -beauty and military precision with which it moved across the field -it could challenge no superior in any corps of the army. The enemy's -heavy skirmish line was posted in the edge of the forest, and, as we -approached the woods, opened a sharp fire. Our rapidly advancing line -caused them hurriedly to withdraw. As we neared the woods a withering -volley swept the line. At the first fire the brave Color-Sergeant, -Adams E. French, of Company D, who had borne the national colors in -all the battles of the campaign, received a mortal wound, and fell -in the line. The hands of the gallant Corporal Stevens, of Company -K, caught the flag, and it did not reach the ground. The regiment -pressed forward under a galling fire, pressing toward the right, and -the enemy was driven rapidly across a creek, through a swampy morass, -over a ridge, and into their strong intrenchments, within a few yards -of the Shady Grove road, upon which was their main line. It was with -great difficulty that a line could be maintained in the dense jungle -under such a deadly fire. It was Spottsylvania over again. We were -even nearer to the enemy's works. Captain Barker, commanding the -regiment, looked to the connection on the right, while Captain Smith -gave attention to the left. As we moved forward, a rise of ground in -our front afforded slight protection; but when we reached the crest the -fire was terrific. The men held up to the work nobly. Comrades were -falling on every side, and very few escaped without slight bruises, or -having clothing cut by flying balls. - -The right of the brigade encountered a strong line of works in open -ground, covered by artillery in position, which could not be overcome. -We on the left were exposed to the fire from the enemy's intrenched -line, not ten rods distant, and our flank was entirely exposed to a -heavy cross-fire. Having no support, it was impossible to advance -or retire. As at the Wilderness and Spottsylvania, we were on the -extreme left, with no protection on that flank. The enemy's line was -longer than ours, and as the shots came in from the flank, with the -recollection of those dread days fresh in mind, two companies, B and K, -were deployed far to the left to keep up a show of numbers, and prevent -a surprise on the part of the enemy. The ammunition was soon exhausted, -and the cartridge-boxes of the killed and wounded comrades were emptied -for a fresh supply. We were ordered not to give an inch of ground. Men -crawled to the rear and rolled fallen trees and logs up the slope to -the top of the crest, and loosened the soil with their bayonets, and -scooped up the earth with tin cups and plates, until inch by inch they -secured some protection. As soon as a slight cover was raised, and the -supply of ammunition replenished, a close and deadly fire was opened -on the rebel line in response to their murderous volleys. The colors -were placed upon the works, and during the day were flying in the face -of the enemy. In our advance the enemy opened upon us with four pieces -of artillery posted in an earthwork. Our attack was made with so much -dash and vigor that the right of the brigade secured a position which -commanded the enemy's guns and prevented them from using the pieces. -Two caissons were blown up, many of the men and horses were killed by -our fire, and the guns stood silent and harmless throughout the day. - -Meanwhile we were exposed to a merciless fire from the rebel -sharp-shooters, who were stationed in the tops of trees within their -works; but after a few hours we got their range, and were enabled to -inflict some damage, which had the effect to slacken their fire. Late -in the forenoon General Griffin's brigade, in moving around our right, -secured a position from which it could make a successful advance, and -force the enemy across the Shady Grove road. An attack was ordered, to -be delivered at one o'clock, and preparations were made to advance at -that time, in connection with an attack by our entire corps; but before -that hour the order was countermanded on account of the failure of the -assault along the left, at Cold Harbor. - -Early in the afternoon, and again toward night, the enemy opened a -furious fire on our brigade, under cover of which they attempted to -draw off their artillery by _prolonge_; but our men had such perfect -range, and poured in such a close fire, that their object could not -be accomplished. At sunset a brigade of the First Division moved up -and connected with our left, and Companies B and K returned to their -original position in the line of battle. At nightfall videttes were -posted, and thus ended a dark and bloody day. - -The loss in our brigade had been especially severe. Many of its -best officers and bravest soldiers had fallen before that fearful -fire, and had fought their last battle. The loss in the regiment was -proportionately greater than at the Wilderness or Spottsylvania; in -fact, it was the most destructive battle in which we were ever engaged. -As nearly as can be ascertained we carried into action that morning -eight commissioned officers and two hundred enlisted men. From that -short line we lost eight killed and forty-nine wounded, ten of them -mortally--a total of fifty-seven. Seven of this number belonged to the -Forty-sixth New York detachment. Of the commissioned officers Captain -Barker, commanding regiment, and First Lieutenant Burrage were wounded -by minie balls, the former in the arm, the latter in the shoulder. -Captains Smith and Ames were struck, but not seriously injured. The -proportion of non-commissioned officers, killed and wounded, was very -large. The regiment was deprived, also, of some of its bravest and most -faithful men. One of the first to fall was Color-Sergeant French, of -Company D. He had won a reputation for bravery and coolness of which -any soldier might be proud. During the entire campaign he had carried -the national color through leaden hail, and on long and weary marches, -never for a moment flinching in the face of danger, hunger, thirst, -or weariness. While the line was securing a foothold in front of the -enemy's works, we experienced the most terrific fire, and sustained -the severest loss. It was there that nearly all the brave men who fell -went down. It was there that we lost Acting Sergeant Major Humes, who -was struck down by a mortal wound in the chest, while he was bravely -cheering on the men. He had rejoined the regiment but three weeks -before, having been on recruiting service at home; but in that brief -time he had won the esteem and confidence of all by his cool, intrepid -bearing. The heaviest loss fell upon Company D. Its loss of nine men, -four of whom were mortally wounded, was a repetition of Spottsylvania. - -Although inured, as the regiment was, to scenes of blood and carnage, -to loss and toil and suffering, the sacrifices of this dark day could -not be recounted in any spirit other than that of deep sorrow and pain. -The "faithful unto death" were mourned as on no previous day by the -little remnant who survived. It seemed to us that they were too brave -and good and noble to fall in the dark hour of battle in those dripping -woods, without the knowledge or the hope even of success. Every company -had lost some of its best and most faithful men; some who had been in -every scene of strife hitherto, and whose calm, hopeful, and even happy -spirits had often cheered and sustained the despondent, and imparted -fresh life and courage to those who were ready to faint. They would be -missed in every added battle, in every hour of future trial and gloom. -The regiment would never again seem quite the same without them; the -lonely picket would be more lonely, the long marches longer and more -fatiguing, the camp-fire and bivouac less cheerful, because they had -gone. But the sudden rupture of earthly ties could not and cannot sever -the bond that united the living and the valiant dead; and we thought -of them that night as more than ever comrades bound to us by ties of -battle-blood. - -It had been a disastrous day, not alone to our regiment, but to the -entire army. The assault along the whole line had been repulsed. No -advantage had been gained, and the loss was upwards of ten thousand men. - -The names of our killed and wounded in this battle are as follows:-- - -_Wounded._--Captain Thaddeus L. Barker, commanding regiment, arm; -Lieutenant Henry S. Burrage, shoulder. - -_Company A._ _Died of Wounds._--Joseph A. Humes, (acting -Sergeant-Major). _Wounded._--Privates Charles H. Robinson, John J. -Thornton, Joseph W. Chase. - -_Company B._ _Killed._--Private John S. Rackliffe. _Wounded._--Sergeant -Charles Raymond; Corporals John Lamont, L. Porter Abbott; Private John -T. Priest (leg amputated). - -_Company C._ _Wounded._--Private George W. Wood. - -_Company D._ _Died of Wounds._--Sergeant Adams E. French -(Color-Sergeant); Corporal Roland N. White; Privates George A. Raymond, -Francis L. Whitney. _Wounded._--Corporal Cyrus Alger; Privates Stephen -H. Patterson, William J. Barrus, J. Monroe Rich, Daniel W. Chase. - -_Company E._ _Wounded._--First Sergeant Bela B. Tiffany; Corporal -Henry Macomber; Privates George Fletcher, George D. Shaw, Edward Waters. - -_Company F._ _Killed._--Corporal Edwin A. Martin; Private John Keenan. -_Wounded._--Sergeant Benjamin F. Montague; Corporals John J. Higgins, -Orrick H. Adams. - -_Company G._ _Killed._--Corporal Andrew Moore; Privates Frank Chenery, -William A. Dunn. _Died of Wounds._--First Sergeant Livingston Mower; -Private Estes E. Elliott. _Wounded._--Privates Andrew Adams, Lyman F. -Partridge. - -_Company H._ _Wounded._--First Sergeant, Philip G. Woodward (commanding -company), Sergeant J. Hervey Miller; Private Josiah Foster. - -_Company I._ _Killed._--Private Elijah H. Woodbury. -_Wounded._--Corporal Watson Wilson; Privates, Davis B. Engly, John -McGrath, George I. Carter. - -_Company K._ _Died of Wounds._--First Sergeant Charles K. Avery; -Privates Albert C. Smith, John Flynn. _Wounded._--John Doyle. - - Killed and died of wounds:-- - Enlisted men 17 - - Wounded,--Commanding officers 2 - Enlisted men 31 - -- - Total 50 - -The detachment of the Forty-Sixth New York Regiment serving with the -Thirty-Sixth Regiment lost one man killed and six wounded. - -We expected to be relieved at night, having had no sleep for -forty-eight hours; but, after waiting two hours for a fresh brigade to -arrive, we received orders that no relief could be furnished, and that -we must hold the line. - -At daylight our videttes reported that the enemy had retired or was -lying low for an attack. They cautiously advanced and found the works -deserted, and a strong reconnoitring party, under Captain Ames, was -sent out to discover their whereabouts. No trace of the enemy could -be discovered; but they had left many dead unburied, and several -wounded on the field, together with much artillery, ammunition, and -several hundred muskets. From the wounded we learned that we had fought -Cook's brigade (five North Carolina regiments), of Heth's Division, -A. P. Hill's corps, and that the regiment opposed to us was the North -Carolina Tigers. Their losses had been more severe than ours. Our fire -had been very destructive, judging from the new-made graves and the -dead found upon the ground. Large numbers of dead horses were found -near the position occupied by their artillery, and the vain endeavor to -drag off the guns must have been very costly to the enemy. - -In the afternoon the brigade was withdrawn to the left, and relieved -a portion of Birney's division of the Second Corps, near the Tucker -house. On that day the German detachment of the Forty-sixth New York, -which had been connected with the Thirty-sixth since March 19th, -rejoined their regiment, which had returned to the corps, leaving the -effective strength of our regiment six commissioned officers and one -hundred and sixty-eight enlisted men. - -On the evening of the 5th the brigade line was changed. The right was -drawn back and extended, holding the ground near Tucker's. The regiment -worked all night, and by daylight had built a strong breastwork. The -enemy opened a furious artillery fire in the morning from the two -batteries near the Tucker house, but the loss was slight, considering -the range and rapidity of the firing. Among the wounded in this fire -was Solon Carter, of Company A, whose foot was torn off by a shell. He -was one of the coolest and bravest men in the regiment, and bore his -terrible wound with wonderful calmness. A heavy attack was made on the -extended picket line, and the pickets were driven out; but toward night -Captain Holmes went out with a reinforcement and restored the line, -after a sharp skirmish, in which he captured four prisoners belonging -to a North Carolina regiment. - -The operations of the 7th were a repetition of those of the 6th on -a more extended scale. The division was exposed to a most furious -shelling from the batteries on the hill, which, however, caused no -loss in our regiment. Captain Smith was brigade officer of the day, -and while out in the afternoon with a large working-party was suddenly -attacked by a strong force of the enemy, who drove in the skirmish -line with a rush. They advanced a line of battle, broke our line, and -captured a portion of the working party, consisting of details from the -Forty-fifth Pennsylvania and Fifty-eighth Massachusetts. Captain Smith -narrowly escaped capture. In the attack Aaron Edmister, of Company B, -was mortally wounded. The enemy did not advance beyond the skirmish -line, and at six o'clock the line was reinforced, and ordered forward, -and General Potter detailed our regiment to support the attack, and -went out with us to retake the hill. We were exposed to a severe fire, -but took shelter behind a rise of ground in our front as we lay in -reserve, and suffered no loss. As we advanced the enemy fell back. -At sunset a truce of two hours prevailed along the contending lines, -excepting on our front, for the purpose of burying the dead. A white -flag was sent out from our brigade head-quarters; but the bearer met -with such a hot fire that he was obliged to return. After the truce the -firing became general along the line. - -The regiment remained in line of battle outside our works all night, -and in the morning advanced to support the attack of our skirmish -line. The rebel skirmishers were driven out of the pits, and across -a field, over the top of the hill, into the woods beyond. The hill -was then fortified and held, the entire brigade moving out and going -into position. Later in the day the brigade was moved to the right, -and after several halts went into line on the extreme right of the -division, at nearly a right angle with the line of battle, facing a -wide, open plain, the right resting on an impenetrable swamp. At night -the fire was very sharp and close, and the men were under arms several -times; but, with the exception of the burning of three houses in front -of the lines, nothing unusual occurred. - -For four days the regiment occupied this line. Being but little exposed -to the enemy's fire we enjoyed a season of comparative rest and -quiet, when not detailed for duty in the skirmish line. The country -around us was traversed with intrenchments and field-works of every -description, extending in all directions. The duty in the picket pits -was severe. The enemy evidently expected another assault, and were -extremely hostile, narrowly watching every movement within our lines, -and constantly on the alert to detect any changes in our position. -During these days the company had been gradually moved to the left, and -concentrated behind strong intrenchments, until at length preparations -had been completed for another change of base. - -On Sunday, the 12th, indications of a general movement prevailed -throughout the corps. Baggage was packed, teams were loaded, rations -issued and cooked. The long, hot summer day passed wearily, and at -dusk Captain Smith was detailed as division officer of the day, and -placed in charge of the picket line, with orders to hold it until -midnight and then withdraw. At half-past eight o'clock the brigade -silently withdrew to the rear, and was soon on the march. The night was -excessively hot, the roads dusty, and the halts were so brief and at -such long intervals that many of the men fell out exhausted. The road -was crowded with troops. The Ninth and Eighteenth Corps marched side by -side,--the latter destined for White House Landing, to embark for City -Point, on James river. About two o'clock in the morning the regiment -lost the right of the brigade, and became merged with the troops of the -Eighteenth Corps, and kept on with them until daylight found us near -White House. At half-past five, after an hour's search, we rejoined the -brigade near Tunstall's Station. - -We rested during the forenoon while the corps was concentrating, and -were joined by Captain Smith, and the picket detail. At one o'clock -that afternoon we resumed our march in a southerly direction, through -forest and swamps and across bottom lands. The march was very rapid -and well conducted. We halted at seven o'clock for supper, resumed the -march at eight, and bivouacked at half-past twelve about three miles -from the Chickahominy. Early on the 14th the command was in motion. -At nine o'clock we crossed the Chickahominy, at Jones' bridge, twenty -miles from Richmond. We halted on its banks until noon, when the march -southward was resumed, through a splendid farming country. The elegant -mansions and well-tilled lands presented a beautiful contrast to the -battle-scarred and fortified fields of Cold Harbor. The noble forests -had not yielded to the axes of the engineers, and the blight and -desolation of war were nowhere visible. We marched by way of Charles -City cross-roads and court-house, and halted for supper on the splendid -plantation once the home of ex-President Tyler. - -At sunset we were again on the road. At half-past eight we passed the -camps of the Sixth Corps, and the first and third divisions of the -Ninth. The men were gathered in groups around piles of blazing rails, -busily cooking their evening meal; the bands were discoursing patriotic -music, and the whole scene was one of the most striking and magnificent -of war. At half-past nine we went into bivouac on the bank of the -historic James, at a point about three miles below Wilcox's wharf, -having made a laborious and painful, yet most successful, march of -fifty-five miles in less than forty-eight hours. - - - - -CHAPTER XVII. - -THE MOVEMENT ON PETERSBURG. - - -The movement of the army to the James was one of the most brilliant and -successful of the war. It is one of the few of Grant's manœuvres which -commands the unanimous approval of his enemies and severest critics. -Swinton, in his "Campaigns of the Army of the Potomac," says: "The -resolution to cross the James necessitated the total abandonment of -that system of action which aimed, while operating against the enemy -offensively, to directly defend the national capital. Moreover the -operation was in itself one of great delicacy, a change of base being -pronounced by Napoleon the foremost master of war, 'the ablest manœuvre -taught by military art.' General Grant manifested as much moral -firmness in adopting a line of action which ... he felt prescribed by -the highest military considerations, as he showed ability in executing -this difficult operation. The measure itself was not only entirely -conformable to the true principles of war, but its execution reflects -high credit on the commander, and merits the closest study." - -The 15th of June was passed by our brigade quietly in camp, awaiting -the completion of the pontoon bridge, from Douthard's to Windmill -Point,--a distance of 2,200 feet, across a river navigable by the -largest ships. At sunset we were ordered to draw four days' rations -and be in readiness to move at short notice. At eight o'clock -marching orders were received, and at nine o'clock we crossed on -the pontoon bridge. The river was filled with vessels of every -kind, at anchor,--transports, steamers, gunboats,--and presented a -most spirited scene. Upon reaching the southern bank the march was -prosecuted with great vigor; and as only two brief halts were made that -night it proved to be one of the most wearisome of the campaign. Soon -after daylight we halted near Prince George Court-House, for an hour, -to make coffee. While engaged in that pleasant and refreshing task our -ears were saluted by the sound of distant cannonading in the direction -of Petersburg. This was a signal that our rest was to be of short -duration. - -It is no part of our purpose to criticise, or even narrate, the chapter -of mishaps and blunders which attended the movement for the capture of -Petersburg. It is sufficient to state that the golden opportunity was -now passing,--the city which was defended by the militia had not been -captured, and the army of the Potomac was being hurried forward, soon -to cope once more with its old opponent, the veterans of the army of -Northern Virginia. - -At half-past eight the march was resumed in the direction of -Petersburg. At ten o'clock we passed the line of earthworks which -constituted the outer defences of the city, which were captured the day -previous by the troops of the Eighteenth Corps. At one o'clock we came -up with the advanced divisions of our own corps, already formed in line -of battle on the left of the Second Corps. At three o'clock we were put -in position on the extreme left, in the edge of a pine forest. Directly -in front, across an open plain about half a mile in extent, stood the -strong intrenchments of the enemy. Their outposts were well advanced, -and heavy skirmishing was kept up on the right, and soon extended along -the entire line. We were ordered to attack at six o'clock. At that hour -the artillery opened, and the line moved forward across the plain. The -Second Brigade supported the attack made by Barlow's Division of the -Second Corps. Our regiment and the Forty-eighth Pennsylvania were held -in reserve, to cover and protect the left flank, and extend the line -should it be necessary. The advance was most gallant and determined, -but was met by a fire of musketry and artillery which was fearfully -effective. The ground was quickly traversed, and Barlow's division and -Griffin's brigade succeeded in effecting a lodgment in some rifle-pits, -and this was the only important result accomplished. Night came down -upon the bloody plain, but did not put an end to the terrible conflict, -for the enemy made several ineffectual attempts to regain the works -he had lost. The musketry fire was terrific at times, and the battle -throughout was fierce and bloody. Some ground was gained on the right, -but no impression was made on the left. It was, however, determined to -renew the assault at daylight, and the Ninth Corps was selected to make -the attack. - -After the assault on the 15th, which resulted in the capture of -a portion of his line, the enemy constructed a new line in rear, -connecting the enclosed works and redoubts of the old line still in -his possession, which were on our left. The principal work, known as -the Shand House redoubt, was very strong, and able to resist a most -determined assault. It was nearly half a mile in front of his new main -line, projected as a salient. The only promise of successful assault -seemed to lie in capturing the line of breastworks connecting this -redoubt with those on the left. The portion of the rebel lines in -our front extended along the crest of a deep and narrow ravine near -the Shand house. The position was very strong, and defended, as we -afterwards learned, by five Tennessee regiments, composing the Third -Brigade of Bushrod Johnson's Division of Infantry, supporting a battery -of artillery. On our left two guns in a redoubt completely enfiladed -the line of approach. The position seemed impregnable, and failure -would doubtless be attended with fearful loss of life. A successful -assault, however, would force the enemy to abandon the redoubts; and -General Burnside believed the works could be stormed if the troops -could be formed in the ravine without the knowledge of the enemy. - -To General Potter, the gallant commander of the Second Division, was -this most arduous and desperate task assigned. He immediately prepared -for its execution. In order to reach the position it was necessary to -make a wide detour to the right. This of itself was a most difficult -matter. The slashing of pine timber presented a serious obstacle, and -the ground was full of gullies and ravines, and in moving over them the -command was much scattered. The enemy kept up an annoying and incessant -picket fire, which increased the difficulties of the movement. Aware -that a hazardous undertaking was being executed, the men maintained the -utmost quiet, and obeyed every order with promptness and precision. - -At length, nearly an hour past midnight, the column reached the head -of the ravine, and the hungry and thoroughly exhausted men threw -themselves on the ground, to gain, if possible an hour's rest. They -had enjoyed no rest for more than forty-eight hours, and realized full -well the terrible business the returning light would bring. Many in -the brief half of that summer night closed their eyes in what proved -to be their last earthly sleep. Many, doubtless, saw in dreams for the -last time the faces of the dear ones at home. But all did not sleep. -These thought of the past, of their childhood and homes, of the day -whose dawn they were awaiting,--a day to receive its second baptism -of patriot's blood! And who shall say that these true souls were not -filled with the same exalted devotion to Freedom and Country which -animated the heroes of Bunker Hill as they toiled on that memorable -night of June, 1775? - -But to sleeping and waking, the night waned apace. The moon which had -been shining brightly now cast long shadows, and darkness settled in -the ravines. The rebel pickets in our front grew drowsy, and through -weariness ceased their firing. No sounds were heard save the distant -rumble of wagons and artillery, the trickling of the brook in the -ravine, and the subdued breathing of the worn and weary men. The -mists from the stream ascended cold and gray, completely obscuring the -troops. The favorable moment had arrived. Now if the lines could be -formed in the ravine success seemed certain. This, however, was most -delicate business. The enemy's pickets were on the hillside only forty -feet distant, while above, upon the crest of the ravine, seventy-five -feet beyond, stood the intrenchments filled with men. The least noise -or indiscretion would betray our presence, and draw a murderous fire -from the works above. Success depended on secrecy. Profound silence was -enjoined. The tin dippers and canteens were placed in the haversacks, -to prevent the telltale jingle. Muskets were loaded, but not capped, -bayonets fixed, and orders given that not a shot must be fired until -the works were reached. - -The men were now thoroughly aroused, and all signs of weariness -disappeared. The regiments were one by one moved down the brookside -into the dark ravine, and soon the lines were formed. Griffin's brigade -was on the right, with the Seventeenth Vermont, Eleventh New Hampshire, -and Thirty-second Maine, in the front line; the remainder supporting; -Curtin's brigade on the left, with the Second New York Rifles, -Thirty-sixth Massachusetts, and Forty-eighth Pennsylvania, in the front -line. The Second New York Rifles had the right, the Thirty-sixth the -centre, and the Forty-eighth the left. The remainder of the brigade -were to support the front line. Griffin was to charge toward the house -bearing to the right; Curtin to bear to the left, toward the redoubt. - -The hour fixed for the assault--three o'clock--drew on. The word -"Forward!" was whispered, and with cat-like steps the men advanced. -A fence obstructed the advance of our brigade, and in attempting to -remove it a rail was accidentally dropped, and instantly a half-dozen -shots from the works above revealed the fact that the enemy was on the -alert. For a moment the plan seemed frustrated; but a death-like quiet -reigned in our line, and soon the enemy became reassured. - -Again, cautiously and quietly, the men crept forward. At the given -signal they rose erect, rushed for the picket line, and carried it -in an instant. Then, with one loud, ringing cheer, like a billow of -the ocean, irresistible and deadly, they dashed on up the hill. On -they went, right into the hot flash of musketry and smoke of cannon, -regardless of the wounded and the dead, regardless of the fire, without -a shrub to shield them from the withering blast.[17] - -[17] In "The Virginia Campaign of '64 and '65," page 217, note, General -Humphreys, describing this action, quotes as follows, from a paper -contributed to the Massachusetts Military Historical Society, by -General S. G. Griffin, commanding Second Brigade:-- - -"One gunner saw us approaching and fired his piece. That was all we -heard from them, and almost the only shot fired on either side. The -rebels were asleep with their arms in their hands, and many of them -sprang up and ran away as we came over; others surrendered without -resistance." - -While this statement is doubtless correct with reference to that -portion of the line attacked by General Griffin's brigade, it does -not convey a true idea of the stubborn, though short, resistance -encountered by Curtin's brigade. The fire at this point was very -severe. The Second New York Rifles broke under it, leaving only the -Thirty-sixth Massachusetts and Forty-eighth Pennsylvania in the -front line. Between the brow of the hill and the enemy's line the -Thirty-sixth lost nineteen out of less than ninety men engaged, and the -loss reported by the Forty-eighth Pennsylvania was seventy-five killed -and wounded. - -A fierce, though brief, struggle ensued at the works. As the rebel -commander was pulled over the breastworks as a prisoner he shouted to -his men, "Stand firm! Their right is all gone!" The Second New York -had broken in the first fire, and left our right badly exposed. The -Forty-fifth was sent forward to protect the right, and the Fifty-eighth -Massachusetts extended the line to the left. The enemy discovered the -break in our line, and commenced a sharp cross-fire upon the regiment. -At this critical moment, Captain Smith, commanding the regiment, with -wonderful presence of mind, turned toward the left, and shouted, at -the top of his voice, "Fairbank! bring up your brigade!" at the same -moment yelling "Charge!" The ruse had its desired effect, and before -Lieutenant Fairbank could hurry his brigade of eight men, of Company -K, from the left the enemy wavered, our men leaped the works at a -bound, and captured all the defenders who did not take to their heels. - -In the desperate struggle acts of individual gallantry and heroism were -performed which time would fail to recount. - -The line was carried and the enemy were driven from the breastworks, -the redoubts, and from a second line where they attempted to rally. -Four pieces of artillery were captured,--two by the Forty-eighth -Pennsylvania and our regiment; one by the Seventeenth Vermont; and one -by the Eleventh New Hampshire; also the colors of the five regiments -defending the line, six hundred prisoners, and more than fifteen -hundred muskets and equipments and ammunition. The colors of the -Fourteenth New York Heavy Artillery, lost in the attack the night -before, were recaptured, nor were these the only trophies of the -victory,--an important point had been carried; the rebels had been -forced to take a new position; the Shand house, Avery house, and more -than a mile of ground, were now in our possession. It was a great -victory, but not what it might have been. It was the old story over -again,--a most spirited and gallant attack without adequate supports. -Had a single corps been on the ground in position, or had the divisions -which were ordered to support us been ready to advance, the fearful -carnage of the two succeeding days would doubtless have been prevented, -and the long, tedious, wasting, bloody siege of Petersburg might have -been avoided. - -None who participated in that attack will fail to remember the morning -of the 17th of June while life shall last. It was the most brilliant -and successful engagement in which the regiment had ever had a part; -and yet in many respects it was one of the saddest days of our history. -Though the victory was ours, it had been purchased at a heavy cost. The -number of the regiment engaged was less than ninety men, many having -fallen out exhausted in the forced march from the James; yet from that -small number three were killed, and sixteen wounded,--four of them -fatally. In the thickest of the fight, amid the terrible energies of -the battle, these brave men fell martyrs to the cause of their country. - -One of the first to fall was Captain Otis W. Holmes, of Milford, -commanding Company B, who received a mortal wound. The regiment -sustained no severer loss during its term of service. Few men possessed -in so marked and special degree the respect and affection of his men. -Strong and vigorous in body and mind; a brave, fearless soldier; a -cool, sagacious adviser; careful and prudent of his men,--he was a -noble specimen of manhood, and an ideal soldier. It is much to say of -an officer that he was cool and brave, equal to any emergency; but far -more to say truly of him that he was pure, good, and noble. All this -can be truly said of Holmes. The entire regiment had learned to love -and esteem him, and his untimely death was mourned by all who knew him. - -The non-commissioned officers contributed more than their proportion to -the loss sustained that day, and among the killed and wounded were some -of the bravest and best soldiers of the regiment. The little line of -battle was sadly dwindled, and, after detailing a portion of the guard -required in sending the prisoners to the rear, there remained in the -ranks but forty-six enlisted men. - -The loss of the regiment in killed and wounded, June 17th, was as -follows:-- - - - COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. - - _Died of Wounds._--Captain Otis W. Holmes. - - - ENLISTED MEN. - - _Company A._ _Killed._--Sergeant George E. Keyes. - - _Company B._ _Wounded._--Private J. Wesley Packard. - - _Company C._ _Wounded._--First Sergeant Frederick W. Briggs, - Sergeant Albert B. Whipple, Corporal Clark Robinson. - - _Company D._ _Killed._--Private John Shepardson. - _Wounded._--Sergeant Liberty W. Foskett, Corporals Cyrus Alger, - Adolph Bussenius. - - _Company E._ _Wounded._--Corporal Joseph V. Clark. - - _Company F._ _Died of Wounds._--Private Fred C. Ames. - - _Company H._ _Died of Wounds._--Private Edmund S. Ward. - _Wounded._--Corporal Nathan F. Cutting, Private Franklin Wallace. - - _Company I._ _Wounded._--Privates George F. Fletcher, Ashael - Wetherbee. - - _Company K._ _Killed._--Corporal Max Hoffman. _Wounded._--Corporal - Joseph H. Stevens (acting Color-Sergeant). - - Killed and Died of Wounds,-- - Commissioned Officer 1 - Enlisted Men 5 - -- 6 - Wounded,--Enlisted men 13 - -- - 19 - - -After the wounding of acting Color-Sergeant Stevens, the colors were -taken by Corporal William Macomber, Company E, and carried by him -during the remainder of the regiment's term of service. - -But no time was allowed us to mourn over our fallen comrades; the -wounded were sent to the rear while preparations were made for an -advance. We pressed forward until the enemy was found to be in a new -position. The division also formed a new line, in advance of the -position we had carried, the left resting on a redoubt in that line. -The enemy advanced a battery down the plank road and opened a severe -fire. Soon after, the front regiments of our brigade were relieved in -the advanced line, and found shelter from the artillery fire in the -ditch of the redoubt on the left, where we were exposed to a severe -shelling. Here we remained until half-past nine, when the regiments -which had formed the front line in the assault were withdrawn to the -woods half a mile in the rear for rest, after receiving warm words of -praise from General Potter and Colonel Curtin. - -The battle raged almost without intermission during the day. Charges -were made by the First and Third Divisions of our corps, and the tide -of battle surged along the entire front. About eight o'clock in the -evening the regiment was sent for, and moved across the plain to the -front line. The evening was very clear, the moon shone brightly, and as -we neared the works we attracted the attention of the enemy, who opened -upon us with artillery; but our batteries replied and soon silenced the -enemy's guns. We were put in position in a line of works captured by -the First Division, and were engaged nearly all night in facing them -about. The enemy attempted to interrupt the work, without success. A -strong line of skirmishers was deployed, and the digging was continued -under an annoying fire of musketry. - -On the morning of the 18th, at nine o'clock, we moved out by the right -flank to support an assault about to be made by the Third Division. The -attack was to have been general along the entire line; but the enemy -had fallen back to a new line, and the assault was delayed until new -dispositions of the troops could be made. The line advanced toward -noon, through a belt of pine woods, into a clearing. A portion of our -brigade was in the front line. The Forty-eighth Pennsylvania and our -own regiment supported. After leaving the woods the line advanced -through a field of grain toward the Taylor house, the rebel skirmish -line falling back to a cut of the Norfolk Railroad which afforded a -deep cover. The enemy was found to be strongly intrenched beyond the -railroad, with a winding ravine in front, through which flowed a small -creek, the banks of which immediately in our front were covered with -a dense thicket. Artillery was ordered forward to cover the attack of -the infantry, and our regiment supported the gallant advance of Captain -Roemer's battery. The fire of the enemy was so close and hot that he -was obliged to leave his horses in the edge of the wood. He then put -his guns in position in the open field, run two guns by hand to a -dilapidated building on our right, and, although he lost several men, -soon secured some protection, got good range, and opened a rapid and -effective fire on the enemy. - -Jones' Eleventh Massachusetts battery was soon after put in position in -rear of our left, and fired at such short range that for a time we were -obliged to "hug the ground," being exposed to two fires,--from front -and rear. His shells inflicted great damage on the enemy, although they -passed uncomfortably near our own heads. - -It being of the utmost importance to secure the railroad-cut, the -batteries opened a furious fire, under cover of which the brigades -in the front line, led by Generals Hartranft and Griffin and Colonel -Curtin, made a splendid charge, and succeeded in driving the enemy out -of the railroad-cut into their works beyond. - -The portion of our brigade was between Griffin and Hartranft. The line -of the railroad crossed our front diagonally, and on our right, at the -point where the enemy's main line crossed the railroad, a small redoubt -had been erected, in which was placed a single piece of artillery. This -gun had perfect range of the railroad-cut, and completely enfiladed -our line with a severe fire of grape and canister. While our line in -this position was well protected from the fire in front, it was exposed -to this hot fire from the right flank. The attention of our batteries -was soon bestowed upon this gun in the redoubt; and the men tore up -the railroad-ties, and erected a barricade which afforded them ample -protection from the fire. - -It was now comparatively easy to hold the railroad-cut, but to advance -was quite another matter. The railroad-bank was high, and so steep -that the men had to dig holes in the side of it to place their feet, -and as soon as a man showed his head above the bank he was a target -for the rebel sharp-shooters. On the left the troops moved forward as -far as the ravine. At three o'clock a general attack was ordered, but -the difficulties to be overcome were so great that a long delay ensued -in preparing the line for advance. At half-past five the whole Third -Division, and Second Brigade, and four regiments of our brigade, made -a determined attack on the works, then defended by Kershaw's division -of Longstreet's veteran corps. Nothing could exceed the heroic daring -of the advance, under the fearful fire of the enemy at point-blank -range, covering every inch of the ground from the railroad-cut -to their earthworks. The line was strong and well defended, yet, -notwithstanding, all the ground from the railroad to the ravine was -carried; the ravine was crossed and the crest beyond secured, and the -ground held up to within a little more than a hundred yards of the -enemy's works. - -During this gallant attack Colonel Curtin, our brigade commander, -was severely wounded in the shoulder, and the command devolved upon -Lieutenant-Colonel Pleasants of the Forty-eighth. At half-past five -the regiment, being in support of the batteries, was ordered to throw -up a line of intrenchments for protection from the sharp-shooters, who -were picking off the gunners. The loss during the afternoon had been -severe, considering the numbers of the regiment and its position in the -battle,--two men killed and seven wounded. - -After the last attack the firing slackened somewhat, and was confined -to the front line of battle, and it was fondly hoped that the record -of sacrifice and bloodshed for that day was fully made up. The company -cooks brought up the coffee,--the only refreshment the regiment had -received since daylight. The men were huddled behind the low breastwork -eating supper, when the attention of Captain Buffum was attracted by -some movement in front, and he rose to ascertain the cause. He had just -remarked that he was the only member of the large mess that crossed -the Rapidan who had escaped death or wounds, and laughingly said, "It -is the rule for all to be struck; but every rule has an exception." -He had scarcely risen to his feet when the fatal bullet, directed by -the unerring aim of the watchful rebel sharp-shooter, struck him. He -uttered a piercing cry, sprang into the air, fell back, and in a few -moments passed beyond the reach of pain. The scene was witnessed by -nearly all the regiment, and sent a thrill of horror to every heart. - -At any time his death would have been a severe loss; at such a moment -it came with almost crushing weight, and seemed irreparable. He -was the senior officer in years, and then the second in rank of a -fast-dwindling band. He was beloved and respected by all, and his death -cast deep gloom over the entire regiment. We recalled his patience -and bravery during the entire campaign, the sorrow which seemed to -pierce his heart as he referred to the great losses of his company, -and especially the wonderful coolness he displayed at Spottsylvania, -when, in advance of the line, he received the rebel fire, and returned -to draw back the left wing and save the regiment, if not the entire -division, from capture or death. - -After dark, when the line had been established for the night, the -Adjutant was sent to corps head-quarters to beg permission that the -Captain's remains might be sent at once to City Point for shipment to -Massachusetts. General Burnside was found lying prone on the ground -under a tree. The case was briefly stated. "Buffum," said he,--"is -Buffum dead? Why, he was in North Carolina with us! He was a brave -man--I remember him well. Oh!" he added, with much emotion, "how fast -these brave men are going!" Then calling his Adjutant-General, the -order necessary for the removal of the body was given in terms which -revealed his noble, sympathetic nature. - -The loss of the regiment, June 18th, was as follows:-- - - - COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. - - _Killed._--Captain Amos Buffum. - - - ENLISTED MEN. - - _Company A._ _Wounded._--Sergeant Thomas J. Ames, Private Caleb - Winch. - - _Company B._ _Wounded._--Private William Turnbull. - - _Company D._ _Wounded._--First Sergeant John A. Stearns. - - _Company E._ _Killed._--Dwight Colburn. - - _Died of Wounds._--Josiah W. Davis. - - _Company G._ _Wounded._--Sergeant Hiram W. Olcott. Corporal - Alexander Cooper.[18] - - [18] Corporal Alexander Cooper was killed November 22, 1866, at -Warwick, Mass., by the falling of a derrick at the raising of the -Soldiers' Monument in that town. - - Killed and Died of Wounds,-- - Commissioned Officers 1 - Enlisted Men 2 - -- 3 - Wounded,--Enlisted Men 6 - -- - Total Casualties 9 - - -That evening there were in the line less than one hundred men, with -four commissioned officers,--Captains Smith and Ames, First Lieutenant -Fairbank and Adjutant Hodgkins,--all that remained for duty of the -four hundred and ninety-five men in line on the morning of the 6th -of May. Assistant Surgeon Bryant, who had not been absent from the -line an hour, was on duty at the Field Hospital, and Quartermaster -Tuttle was in charge of the wagons and baggage. On the 6th of May -we had twelve officers in the line of battle; we were joined at -Spottsylvania by Captain Smith and Lieutenant Brigham. From this number -four--Captains Bailey, Holmes, Buffum, and Lieutenant Daniels--had been -killed in action. Five--Major Draper, Captains Morse and Barker, and -Lieutenants Marshall and Burrage--had been wounded, and were absent on -that account; and one--Lieutenant Brigham--had been sent to General -Hospital at Annapolis. Of the four in the line, three--Captains Smith -and Ames and Lieutenant Fairbank--had been struck by the bullets of the -enemy, but not seriously injured. The total loss of the regiment, as -officially reported to the Adjutant-General, including the men of the -Twenty-ninth Massachusetts and Forty-sixth New York, was-- - - Com. Officers. Enlisted Men. Total. - Killed 4 45 49 - Wounded 5 191 196 - Missing 22 22 - - --- --- - Total 9 258 267 - -Late that evening General Potter relieved the Third Division, and -occupied the entire front of the corps, connecting with the Second -Corps on the right, and the Fifth Corps on the left, holding the -advance as a skirmish line.[19] - -[19] On the evening of the 18th the following order was issued by -General Burnside:-- - - HEAD-QUARTERS 9TH ARMY CORPS, - June 18, 1864. - - GENERAL ORDER NO. 24. - -The Commanding General takes great pride in assuring this command of -the high appreciation in which their services, after the fatigues of -the recent movement, are held at the Head-quarters of the Army, and -quotes with pleasure the expression used by the Commanding General of -the Army of the Potomac in speaking of the brilliant assault on the -morning of the 17th. He writes: "It affords me great satisfaction to -congratulate you and your gallant corps on the successful assault on -the morning of the 17th. Knowing the wearied condition of your men from -the night march of over twenty-two miles, and the continued movement -through the night of the 16th, their persistency and success is highly -creditable." - -The Commanding General can only add that in this, as in the previous -and succeeding events of this unexampled campaign, the Ninth Corps has, -through every trial, invariably proved true to its history and to its -promise. - - By command of Major-General Burnside. - LEWIS RICHMOND, - _Ass't Adj't Gen'l._ - - - - - - -CHAPTER XVIII. - -IN THE TRENCHES. - - -On the morning of June 19th the regiment was relieved from duty in -the front line, and withdrew to the pine woods from which we advanced -the day before. We were soon joined by most of the men who had fallen -out on the march, or had failed to find the regiment in the constant -changes of position, and the effective strength reported at brigade -head-quarters was one hundred and fifty-one; commissioned officers -four, enlisted men one hundred and forty-seven. A strong line of -intrenchments was erected on the high ground near the railroad. One -hundred men were detailed for fatigue duty on the line, and worked -through that hot June day with pickaxe and shovel. The enemy's firing -was very close, and during the night was quite severe. Our batteries -kept up a steady fire on the rebel lines. - -The operations of the last two days had been conducted in the hope -of capturing Petersburg before the whole army of Northern Virginia -could be brought to the rescue. The enemy had taken up a new line -on commanding ground nearer the city. The attack and repulse of the -18th had developed the great strength of that line, and convinced -the commanding-general that further assault would be hopeless. The -heroic courage and desperate valor of the troops had availed only to -secure a strong position near the enemy's line. "No better fighting -has been done during the war," said General Burnside in his report; -but either the attacks had not been properly directed or adequately -supported. Orders were now issued for the troops on the right to hold -and strengthen the lines. - -The 20th was but a repetition of the 19th. It was a noisy day in the -front; but being one of comparative quiet to us in the woods, the time -was improved in making up regimental reports for the campaign from -Spottsylvania, and a list of casualties. Several vacancies existed -among the commissioned officers, in consequence of the deaths and -resignations since April 23d, and seven of the companies were commanded -by non-commissioned officers. On the 5th of June, at Hanover Town, -Captain Smith forwarded to Governor Andrew a list of recommendations -for promotion; but as no commissions had been received, and the -exigencies of the service required additional officers, the duties -devolving upon the few commissioned officers present being onerous and -severe, another list was made up this day, and transmitted through the -regular channels to the Governor of the State. This list included the -following non-commissioned officers:-- - - Sergeant Major Davidson to be First Lieutenant, _vice_ Ranlett, - resigned. - - First Sergeant Woodward to be First Lieutenant, _vice_ Cross, - resigned. - - First Sergeant Stearns to be First Lieutenant, _vice_ Goodspeed, - resigned. - - First Sergeant Haskell to be First Lieutenant, _vice_ Hodgkins, - promoted. - - First Sergeant Hancock to be First Lieutenant, _vice_ Fairbank, - promoted. - - Sergeant Olcutt to be First Lieutenant, _vice_ Daniels, killed. - - Sergeant Cross to be First Lieutenant, _vice_ Burrage, promoted. - -Sergeants White, Hancock, Wright, Woodward, and Stearns had previously -been recommended for commissions as second lieutenants, but no officers -in that grade could be mustered, on account of the reduced numbers of -enlisted men. Major Draper, who at this time was in Massachusetts, -submitted to the Governor another list of recommendations about this -date; but before either list could receive attention other changes -became necessary, and all of the sergeants recommended in the foregoing -list, with the addition of First Sergeant Harwood, were commissioned -as first lieutenants. Some of these brave and deserving men, who -had nobly earned their rank, were at this time absent on account of -serious wounds received during campaign, and before they could recover -and rejoin the regiment circumstances had arisen which prevented -their being mustered into the service in the rank to which they were -commissioned. - -June 20th Captain Smith was detailed for court-martial duty at division -head-quarters, and the regiment was in command of Captain Ames. At -dusk a colored regiment from the Fourth Division came up in our rear, -and we anticipated a night attack in force; but the men quietly laid -aside their equipments, and being furnished with pickaxes and shovels -went on fatigue duty in the front line. During the night the firing -was very severe. Our position, though not subjected to the exposure of -the front line, was under fire continually. The bullets of the enemy -rattled among the trees, singing their death-song by day and night. On -the night of June 20th private John McGrath, Company I, was wounded and -sent to the rear. It was the third wound he had received during the -campaign. During these days the front, or main line, was strengthened -with abatis, and traverses, and a covered way built to the rear. - -On the 21st the regiment remained in the woods preparing for a review, -which had been ordered for the afternoon. At four o'clock we were in -line, and moved to the wide open plain in rear of the woods, the scene -of the action on the 17th. The First Brigade was reviewed by General -Potter. The Seventh Rhode Island was on the right of the line, and the -Second New York Mounted Rifles, acting as infantry (recently assigned -to this brigade), on the left. The review was well conducted, and, -considering the circumstances of the occasion, the troops presented a -fine appearance. To all of us it was a novel parade,--marching to the -music of the bands, the discordant barking of the dogs of war, and the -distant screeching of the death-laden shells. - -At midnight we were ordered to the main line to relieve the Second -Brigade, and the regiment was sent out on picket. The night was very -clear, and the moon being at the full revealed everything about us -as clear as daylight. The duty of relieving the picket line was -extremely hazardous, and it was half-past two o'clock A.M. before the -work was completed. The men were obliged to crawl out singly from -the railroad-cut, and the men relieved were exposed to a close and -merciless fire in leaving the line. It was daylight before our line was -fairly in position, and we settled down to the first day of the long -siege-life before us. About sunrise the cooks came out with coffee, and -John L. Finney, cook of Company K, received a shocking wound in the -face, in consequence of raising his head a little too high. His escape -from instant death was miraculous. After daylight it was impossible for -a man to look over the top of the pits. The rebels fired twenty shots -where we fired one, and their sharp practice enabled them to skim the -tops of the pits; their shots were well aimed, and the bullets flew all -about us. - -The picket line itself was found to be very peculiar. It was separated -from the main line by the deep cut of the Norfolk Railroad, which -crossed our rear diagonally. The ground on the right at the railroad -was quite high, falling off rapidly toward the swampy ravine on the -left; the slope being toward the enemy's line, which enabled them to -command all the ground between the railroad-cut and their own line. -The troops of the Second Brigade had worked industriously to establish -good cover for the picket-line; but the position on the left was so -dangerous, and so near the enemy, that but little progress had been -made in erecting a line of pits at that point. There was a space of -five or six rods between Companies H and C, which could not be crossed -by daylight on account of its nearness to the rebel lines. During the -day the men on the right took up railroad sleepers from the track, -and laid them on the tops of the pits; small loop-holes were then made -under the logs, and in this way the men secured some protection for -their heads while watching a chance to fire upon the enemy. They were -soon able to inflict some damage on the sharp-shooters opposite. - -By degrees some improvement was made on the left, but the progress -was very slow and tedious, as only one man from each company, C and -H, could work toward each other, on account of the close fire. The -left was in a bad and dangerous condition. In the event of an attack -which we should fail to repulse, the whole line would be exposed to -capture, as it would be madness to attempt to escape to the railroad -and over the rising ground in our rear. The enemy seemed to know that -new troops were in the pits, and were unusually hostile. They evidently -anticipated an attack, as a heavy movement was in progress on the left -by the Second and Fifth Corps, and a fierce fight raged about three -miles beyond the Jerusalem Plank road for the possession of the Weldon -Railroad. - -It was thought in our lines that the enemy would make a counter-attack, -and the batteries in our rear lines kept up a steady fire, while the -men were constantly on the alert, crouched in the narrow pits, ready to -resist an attack. It was a day long to be remembered,--our first day in -the front line of trenches. It was one of the longest and most tedious -days of our service; but how many such days were we to experience! -There we lay in the dust, under the blazing, broiling midsummer sun, -which beat full upon us, without a leaf of intervening shade. The water -in the canteens was hot and sickening, and, to add to our discomforts -the offensive odors from unburied corpses around us were borne to us on -every breath of that sultry summer air. But the longest day must end, -and at last the sun declined, and the welcome shades of evening settled -on us. Quiet reigned for a little while, but about ten o'clock the -rebels were discovered crawling up toward our left. A severe musketry -fire was opened upon them, and they were forced to retire. After -midnight the firing ceased, and our pioneers buried some of the dead -bodies near us, and made some progress in perfecting the picket line on -the left. Jno. H. Barton, of Company E, badly wounded in the abdomen, -and Abiel Fisher, of G, wounded in the arm, were the casualties in the -trenches that day. - -At two o'clock on the morning of the 23d the Forty-eighth Pennsylvania -commenced to relieve our regiment in the picket pits. Owing to the -sharp firing the process was slow and dangerous, but we reached the -main line about half-past two, and were allowed an hour's rest. At -half-past three we were aroused by orders to be ready to attack at any -moment. We were under arms throughout the day, and were exposed to the -fire of the enemy, by which Orin Taylor, of F, was severely wounded, -and the Adjutant of the Fifty-eighth Massachusetts, standing near our -right, was killed. At nine o'clock in the evening the brigade was -relieved by the Second Brigade, and returned to the line in the pine -woods, after forty-eight hours' duty in the front. - -During these few days, to quote from Captain McCabe's "Defence of -Petersburg," "the enemy [the Union army] plied pick, and spade, and -axe with such silent vigor that there arose, as if by the touch of -the magician's wand, a vast cordon of redoubts of powerful profile, -connected by heavy infantry parapets, stretching from the Appomattox -to the extreme Federal left,--a line of prodigious strength, and -constructed with amazing skill, destined long to remain, to the -military student at least, an enduring monument of the ability of the -engineers of the Army of the Potomac." - -Siege operations had now fairly commenced on the right, extending -along the line from the Appomattox to the Jerusalem Plank road, and -we had entered upon the daily round of life which was to continue for -the next fifty days,--the regular routine of duty in the picket line -and the main line,--a routine which, in the history of the campaign, -can be expressed in the simple, yet significant, phrase, "The Siege -of Petersburg." But in that daily routine there transpired much that -is interesting and painful to the survivors of our regiment, and the -account of our operations during those eventful days will be embodied -in a diary of the siege. - - - - -CHAPTER XIX. - -DIARY OF THE SIEGE. - - -The next two days, June 24th and 25th, were passed in comparative quiet -in the woods. We were under arms nearly all the time, as an attack upon -the enemy from our right was anticipated. The firing on that line, held -by the Eighteenth Corps, was very heavy, but no attack was made. The -heat was intense, and the men in the trenches suffered greatly. Our -diet was somewhat improved by the arrival of some supplies of ale and -porter, with a little ice thrown in, from the United States Sanitary -Commission Depot, which had just been established at City Point. - -On the night of the 25th we were ordered to the front, and relieved -the Ninth New Hampshire in the trenches. During the night most of -the men were busy with the pickaxe and shovel. We were subjected -to a severe artillery fire all day, and the picket fire was close. -Large bodies of colored troops were at work filling gunny-bags and -ammunition-boxes with sand, to be used on the top of the parapets for -the protection of loop-holes. Private Hezekiah Hall, of Company I, -was severely wounded, and the Adjutant of the Second New York Rifles, -while passing through our line, was killed. At midnight we relieved -the Forty-fifth Pennsylvania in the picket line, getting fairly into -the pits about daylight. The duty was about the same as when we were -there on the 22d. The line had been made continuous and much improved. -Abatis had been placed in front, and a covered way continued from the -main line. This covered way was very deep, and protected with high -embankments and gabions. The firing was very constant and the range -perfect. Corporal Charles Gilbert, of Company H, and Private George -F. Bradford, of Company B, were wounded, the former mortally. We had -our first experience under the mortar-firing of the enemy. They fired -twenty-four-pound shells with great precision. - -The advanced position which we occupied was but little more than -one hundred yards from that portion of the main line of the enemy -known as the "Elliott salient." The line occupied by our brigade was -directly in front of this work. In rear of this portion of our line -the ground declined suddenly into a narrow ravine, which widened into -a meadow, which afforded a position for massing troops, and screened -working-parties from the observation of the enemy in the salient in -front. After Colonel Curtin had been wounded in the attack of the -18th, which secured this position, the command of the brigade devolved -on Lieutenant-Colonel Pleasants, of the Forty-eighth Pennsylvania. -Being frequently on the front line he had observed this ravine, and -as he was by profession a practical civil and mining engineer it -occurred to him that a mine could be successfully excavated there. He -carefully examined the ground, and having satisfied himself that the -work could be accomplished he unfolded his plan to General Potter, who -approved it, and he in turn conferred with General Burnside, who was -much pleased with the proposal, and ordered that the work should be -commenced. - -This was done at noon of the 25th, by Col. Pleasants, with his own -regiment, the Forty-eighth Pennsylvania, which had been detailed for -this purpose. Most of these men were miners from Schuylkill County, and -familiar with such operations. Colonel Pleasants entered upon the work -with great enthusiasm, although he received but little encouragement -outside the Ninth Corps. Generals Burnside and Potter seemed to be -the only high officers who believed in its success. There were many -discouragements attending its commencement, as it was ridiculed at -army head-quarters. Col. Pleasants was denied mining picks, but -straightened out army picks. His instruments were poor and old. He -was obliged to make his surveys and measurements on the front line, -exposed to the fire of the sharp-shooters. He had no wheelbarrows; but -the men nailed strips of boards for handles on old cracker-boxes, and -brought out the earth in these. He had also to contend with official -indifference and coolness; yet the brave man toiled on with undaunted -spirit. As we lay in our picket pits this 27th day of June we could -distinctly hear our comrades delving beneath us. The earth as it was -brought out was piled up in the ravine, and covered with fresh bushes -to conceal it from the observation of the enemy. The mortar shells from -the enemy's bombs dropped continually in the ravine around the entrance -to the mine, causing great annoyance to the men, but not interrupting -the work. The day passed without special incident. We were relieved at -night and went back to the woods. - -June 28th. We prepared muster-rolls for two months' pay at our camp -in the pine woods. Some of the regiment went to City Point to obtain -from the regimental baggage the necessary blanks for muster, and met -Captain Levi N. Smith, formerly First Lieutenant of Company D, who -was now forwarding commissary, feeding the entire army of the Potomac -and General Butler's command. He warmly welcomed his old comrades in -arms, and gave expression to his abiding interest in the regiment. -The regimental sutler was also found at City Point, with a cargo of -supplies to be forwarded to the front as soon as he should be permitted -to land. - -The next day we relieved the Second Brigade in the trenches. In placing -the pickets, Sergeant C. Henry Moseley, commanding Company B, was -seriously wounded by being shot through the right hand. - -The 30th was passed at the front in the heat and dust. The firing was -very sharp, especially on the right, where much artillery ammunition -was used. Captain Ames was again slightly wounded in the left hand. He -went to the rear to have the wound dressed, and returned immediately -to the front. Effective strength this day, five commissioned officers, -including assistant surgeon and one hundred and seventy-three enlisted -men; total, one hundred and seventy-eight. Twenty-three were sick in -hospital. - -July 1st. On duty in the trenches; pickets unusually lively. They are -extremely hostile toward us. On the left, along the Fifth Corps line, -there is no firing by day, and the men from both armies get water from -a spring between the lines. Here there is no cessation by day or night. -It may be caused by the nearness of our line, the suspicion of a sudden -attack, or because of the presence of colored troops in our working -parties. Our losses are severe, averaging fifteen a day on our division -line. Corporal James H. Barry, of Company I, a gallant soldier, who was -wounded May 6th, was killed in the trenches to-day by a sharp-shooter. -At night the regiment retired to the woods. - -July 2d and 3d. On duty in the rear. Heavy siege guns were sent to the -front to be placed in a new battery to be built in our line. On the 3d -we were mustered for pay. The line was short, indeed, compared with -our last muster, at Catlett's Station. How many in that brief time -have gone from the toils and pains and hardships of a soldier's life -to sleep in soldiers' graves! How many names are to-day transferred -from the rolls of these companies to the roll of the honored dead! -To-day the Sanitary and Christian Commissions sent a generous supply of -hospital and other stores, to aid in celebrating the national holiday -to-morrow. These were distributed equally among the companies. The -staff of our national color was shattered by a bullet to-day. Both -staves are now broken, and the flags are riddled with bullet-holes. -They are also stained with the blood of heroes who have borne them unto -death. At dark we relieved the Second Brigade. - -July 4th. Regiment in the trenches. The heat was intense, and the -men pitched their shelter-tents over the top of the trenches. This -kept out the sun, but excluded also the air. General Burnside and the -division commanders were on the front line together in the afternoon, -and the regimental prophets predicted an immediate attack; but the -hours dragged along, and the day proved to be remarkably quiet. A -request was transmitted to the State authorities for a new stand of -colors. One year ago we commenced the Jackson campaign, which proved so -disastrous to the regiment. The anniversary was frequently mentioned by -the men. Then we hoped to spend this day in peace at home. Now we dare -not hope for a speedy ending of the war. Then Gettysburg and Vicksburg -encouraged the belief that the weight of the struggle had passed. Now -Atlanta, Petersburg, and Richmond, bid prolonged defiance. But the end -is coming! - -July 5th. Passed without incident. Firing less severe than usual. The -monotony of siege life unbroken. Regiment relieved at nine in the -evening. - -July 6th. First Lieutenant Fairbank received his commission as Captain, -_vice_ Warriner, resigned, and was mustered in. Information was -received that all the vacancies among the commissioned officers have -been filled by promotions from the ranks. This information was received -with pleasure, as it will increase the working-force and efficiency of -the regiment. To-day private H. A. Murdoch, of Company H, was wounded -in the arm. - -July 7th. To-day the Fourth Rhode Island arrived from Yorktown _via_ -City Point, and was assigned to our brigade. Its commander, Colonel -W. H. P. Steere, being the senior officer, assumed command of the -brigade. More sanitary supplies, consisting of twenty-five pounds of -white sugar, a dozen cans of milk, vegetables, a few bottles of sherry, -brandy, etc., were received from the Commissions, and distributed among -the sick. There is much sickness in the command. The extreme heat, -arduous duty, and constant exposure to danger, are wearing on men who -up to this time have borne all the hardships of the campaign. At -night the regiment relieved the troops in the picket line, in the old -position. The works daily show the labor expended upon them. They are -now very strong, and their condition much improved. Rumors prevail that -an assault is to be made to-morrow. - -July 8th. The duty in the trenches to-day was very severe, owing to -the intense heat, and the sharp, incessant firing. Our men had good -range, and replied to the enemy shot for shot. Enemy on the alert, and -asking about the mine. They regard it as a great joke, and threaten to -countermine. More rumors of an assault from our front. Lately our men -discovered an ice-house in front of our line, a little to the left of -our position, and for a while it has been neutral ground for one or two -men from the opposing lines to get ice, to the extent that if any one -has been seen near the ice-house they have not been fired upon. To-day, -however, Corporal Lucius Lowell, of Company F, in endeavoring to get -some ice, was fired upon, and received two bad wounds in the breast and -wrist. - -July 9th. Still on duty in the trenches. Intensely hot. To-day we -received the cheering news of the sinking of the rebel pirate "Alabama" -by the United States Steamer "Kearsarge." This information was received -with loud cheering. The rebels across the way wanted to know the cause -of our joy, and were answered by a double-shotted salute from all -our artillery, which made them burrow for an hour. At night we were -relieved. - -July 10th. In the woods, suffering from intense heat, and tormented by -myriads of flies, which were as hostile as the rebel pickets in our -front. Sergeant Thomas H. Haskell, who was wounded in the right hand at -Spottsylvania, and yesterday, though not fully recovered, returned to -duty with a First Lieutenant's commission, was mustered and assigned -to the command of Company B. Several enlisted men also returned, and -the effective strength at night was one hundred and ninety; six -commissioned officers and one hundred and eighty-four enlisted men, -with fourteen sick in the hospital. - -July 11th. The day was very hot, relieved by showers at night. At nine -o'clock the regiment went to the front and relieved the Seventeenth -Vermont on picket. To-day a siege order was issued from army -head-quarters, regulating the operations of the siege. - -July 12th and 13th. Regiment on duty in the trenches. The firing has -been very light, and entirely suspended at times. For the first time -since the opening of the campaign the enemy has been friendly, even to -the extent of sitting upon the rifle-pits and talking across to our -men. Some have waved papers, and have come half way to our lines to -proffer an exchange. It soon transpired that their object was to obtain -northern papers for intelligence concerning the rebel invasion of -Maryland under General Early, and the destruction of northern property. -Their anxiety was very great; but we received imperative orders -forbidding any exchange of papers, or holding any communication with -the enemy. Captain Smith fired upon some men of another regiment who -went out to exchange papers, and refused to obey his orders to return. -At night artillery and mortar firing was resumed. At midnight we were -relieved. - -July 14th and 15th. In the pine woods. Many rumors in circulation of an -immediate attack to be made from our front. The work of constructing -forts and batteries goes on night and day. At half-past eight P.M., on -the 15th, we relieved the Seventeenth Vermont in our old position in -the trenches. The night was dark and misty, and the enemy kept up an -incessant firing. Corporal Albert Foskett, Company H, was wounded and -taken to the rear. The sick belonging to the Ninth Corps were removed -to the hospital at City Point,--a fact which caused other rumors of -attack to be circulated. - -July 16th. The regiment was in command of Captain Ames, as Captain -Smith was detailed as division officer of the trenches. - -July 17th. The regiment was exposed to a very close fire throughout -the day. The mortar shells dropped all around us, the practice being -unusually good. Private Jerry Harrigan, of Company K, was mortally -wounded. The only consolation while we are under this trying fire is -that our practice is as good as the enemy's. - -July 18th. In the woods. Captain Barker, who was wounded at Cold -Harbor, June 3d, returned to duty, with a commission as Major,--_vice_ -Draper, who has been commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel,--and assumed -command of the regiment. Lieutenant Marshall, who was wounded at the -Wilderness, also returned to duty, with a commission as Captain, and -was assigned to Company A. In leaving the trenches this morning private -Leonard A. Chapman, of Company K, was fired at by a sharp-shooter and -instantly killed. - -July 19 and 20th. The weather was rainy, rendering the trenches very -uncomfortable. A large fort, called "The Fourteen-Gun Battery," has -been constructed in our division line, and garrisoned by a regiment of -Connecticut Heavy Artillery. - -July 21st. Private Martin Maynard, of Company D, was wounded in the -leg and suffered amputation. There has been no change in our tour of -duty. The system has been reduced to a science; so, also, has been -the hostility of the enemy. Notwithstanding the strong condition of -our works, and the great improvements constantly made, the watchful -sharp-shooters of the enemy have unerring aim upon the loop-holes, -and the least exposure on the part of any of our men is sure to -draw a murderous fire. In the rear we are out of the range of their -sharp-shooters, but exposed to the chance shots which every moment are -sent into the woods. - -July 22d. To-day Captain Morse, who was severely wounded at -Spottsylvania, returned to duty and resumed command of Company C. -Lieutenant Davidson also returned from the hospital. Private Judson -Maynard, of Company H, was wounded July 23d. The regiment went to the -front at night, and resumed its duty in the trenches. To-day the mine -was completed, and our comrades of the Forty-eighth Pennsylvania are -rejoicing. In spite of obstacles and discouragements the great work has -been successfully accomplished. The men report that they can distinctly -hear the enemy in the fort over their heads. With proper tools the work -which has consumed four weeks could have been performed in ten days. -Colonel Pleasants received many congratulations on the success of his -undertaking. His report of his operation is intensely interesting. -The main gallery is five hundred and ten feet long, with two lateral -galleries,--the left thirty-seven feet, the right thirty-eight feet in -length, averaging about four and one-half feet high by the same width, -and will require eight magazines, four in each lateral gallery, or -about twelve thousand pounds of powder. Eighteen thousand cubic feet of -earth have been excavated. Whatever may be the result of the explosion, -and the attack which may be made, there can be no doubt of the great -success which has crowned the determined efforts of Colonel Pleasants -and his hard-working regiment. - -July 24th. A regiment of colored troops was at work all day building -a new covered way through our camp in the woods, which necessitated -a change of some of our quarters and bomb-proofs. Captain Smith on -duty as brigade officer of the day. A heavy storm set in and the rain -poured in torrents nearly all the night, and the weather was very cold. -The men were soaked and chilled, and it was a rough night to stand -at a loop-hole and watch. The sufferings of the troops in the front -lines during this siege--from hunger, thirst, protracted watching, -constant danger, from burning heat by day and chills by night, from -sudden changes in the temperature that rack the strongest frames, from -the numberless exposures and hardships and privations--can never be -adequately portrayed. They will live, however, in the memories of those -who endure and survive them. - -July 25th. After a very stormy night we were blessed with a cool, -comfortable day. An invigorating breeze soon dried the mud in the -trenches, and restored the buoyant spirits of the men. This morning -private Jesse Gleason, of Company F, a brave and faithful soldier, was -killed by a sharp-shooter, and was buried in the woods near regimental -head-quarters, where so many of his comrades sleep. Thus, one by one, -they go, just when we need them most. To-day, Colonel Steere, our -brigade commander, went home on account of sickness and disability, -and Colonel Bliss, of the Seventh Rhode Island, assumed command of the -brigade. The regiment returned to the woods at night. The covered way -through our camp was finished. - -July 26th. In the woods all day. Large fatigue parties at work. -Lieutenant Davidson was mustered in, and assigned to Company G. News -was received of a great battle at Atlanta, and the death of General -McPherson. - -July 27th. The regiment was marched to the open ground in rear of the -woods, and treated to the luxury of an hour's battalion drill! The -mine was charged with powder, eight thousand pounds being placed under -the rebel fort. General Burnside asked for a charge of twelve thousand -pounds, but received only eight thousand pounds. Troops put under -orders to be in constant readiness to move. Perhaps our siege days are -nearly ended. The regiment went to the trenches at night. The weather -was rainy and cold. - - - - -CHAPTER XX. - -THE MINE AFFAIR. - - -July 28th. A day of anxiety and suspense. The troops expected an -explosion of the mine, and an assault upon the enemy's lines. A great -force on fatigue duty, carrying out bags, barrels, gabions, and -stakes, and preparing the covered ways and traverses to facilitate the -movements of troops. During the afternoon three pieces of the Third -Vermont Artillery bombarded a house just inside the rebel works in our -front, and finally demolished it. It was a busy day along the lines. - -July 29th. Another long, anxious day. The regiment was on duty in -the front line. The weather was excessively hot. The position of the -enemy was examined and our own works were visited by many general and -staff officers, and there were certain indications all around us of an -impending attack. All sorts of rumors prevailed, and various theories -were advanced; but toward night we received positive information that -the mine will be exploded at half-past three to-morrow morning. The -Ninth Corps is to attack as soon as the explosion occurs. General Meade -has overruled General Burnside's plan of attacking with the colored -division, and ordered him to select one of his white divisions to lead -the assault. The position has been determined by lot, and fallen to -General Ledlie and the First Division. Our men would be more hopeful of -the result had the choice fallen upon General Potter. Our division is -to support the attack. We are to be relieved in the trenches by colored -troops of the Eighteenth Corps, and form with the division as soon as -relieved. Toward evening troops were massed in our rear, filling all -the covered ways and passages leading to the front line. Reserves from -other corps filled our camp in the woods. The troops were under arms -all night. - -Before daylight on the 30th the regiments on our right and left had -been relieved. Notice was sent two or three times that no relief had -been sent to our regiment, and each time the order came back to hold -the line until relieved. All our efforts to have the relief on our -right and left extend so as to cover our front having failed, we were -obliged to remain on duty in the pits. Before the sun had reached the -meridian we were satisfied that what we regarded a great misfortune -proved to be our salvation. Colonel Pleasants was directed to explode -the mine at half-past three o'clock A.M. The First Division was ordered -to charge through the aperture which would be made in the enemy's works -and advance directly to the crest, or Cemetery Hill. The Third Division -was ordered to cover the left. The Second Division was ordered to -advance, if possible, to the right of the explosion, and to establish -a line on the crest of a ravine running nearly at right angles to the -enemy's line, and protect the right flank from the enemy's attack. -At the appointed hour the fuse was lighted, and all waited in deep -silence for the expected explosion. On account of dampness the fuse -was extinguished, and the valuable time slipped rapidly away. We all -know the story of the brave Lieut. Doughty and Sergeant Reeves, of the -Forty-eighth, who nobly volunteered to go into the mine to ascertain -the cause of failure to explode. The break in the fuse was found and -relighted. At forty-two minutes past four we witnessed a volcano and -experienced an earthquake. With a tremendous burst, which shook the -hills around, a column of earth shot upwards to an enormous height, -bearing the "Elliot salient," its guns and garrison, and making a -crater or chasm one hundred and thirty-five feet long, ninety-seven -feet wide, and more than thirty feet deep. The garrison, consisting of -two hundred and seventy-eight men of the Eighteenth and Twenty-second -South Carolina and Pegram's Petersburg Battery, were completely buried. -Pleasants' work had been terribly successful. Before the deafening -report of the explosion had subsided more than one hundred pieces of -artillery along the line opened a terrific fire, adding grandeur to -the scene. Under cover of this fire the First Division charged over -the intervening space into the crater, but halted there instead of -moving forward. General Griffin's brigade of our division began to move -almost at once, passing through and into a portion of the line from -which the rebels were driven, and moved to the right. The smoke and -dust were so dense at this time that nothing could be seen, and the -leading regiments got farther to the left than was intended, coming -thus in contact with some of the troops of the First Division. The -movement was also embarrassed by some of the First Division moving to -the right and huddling in the vacant works instead of moving forward. -When our brigade moved forward through the covered way, the men became -intermixed with troops of another corps, who were moving out. Still the -main portion kept on its way, crossed the cornfield and passed into -the crater, under a fearful fire of the enemy, who had now somewhat -recovered from the first alarm, and had returned to man their deserted -works. - -The troops of the Second Division moved forward as best they could; but -as the First Division had halted, and would not move forward, it was -almost impossible to make any progress. The ground to the right of the -crater was found to be much cut up with small pits and traverses, which -were now filled by the enemy, who kept up a severe fire from these -as well as from a line of pits on the ravine. Finding that General -Griffin's brigade, which had lost heavily, was being thrown into -confusion by being mixed with the troops of other divisions, and that -the enemy was rallying rapidly, General Potter directed him to move -forward without any reference to other troops and attack the enemy in -front. In passing his command over and through the troops which were -in confusion Griffin's brigade became much broken up. The fire by this -time was very hot, and it was impossible to properly re-form his ranks. -However, several pits of the enemy were charged and some ground was -gained. - -Our brigade commander was ordered to follow on, with such troops as he -had, and closely support and cover the right flank. He sent forward -the Fifty-eighth Massachusetts, Fourth Rhode Island, and Forty-fifth -Pennsylvania, to form on the right, leaving the Seventh Rhode Island -in reserve, and holding the Second and Fifty-first New York to send -forward if there was room. Finding that he could not get in, in -consequence of the stopping of troops, and the great confusion caused -by a crowd of troops in such limited space, he was ordered to move -a portion of the brigade to the right, and charge down the enemy's -line, and also, at the same time, to attack the enemy at the ravine. -The Fifty-eighth Massachusetts, Fourth Rhode Island, and Forty-fifth -Pennsylvania were formed to charge down the enemy's line to the right, -and the two New York regiments to attack near the ravine. This last -attack was to instantly follow the first, as soon as the colors of the -leading regiments could be seen moving forward. - -The ground over which the first three regiments was to charge was an -open field, fully in range of the enemy's musketry and artillery. Just -as the troops were moving forward, the direction of these regiments -was changed, in compliance with a peremptory order from General -Burnside to attack the crest. Accordingly these three regiments charged -directly up the hill toward the battery in the woods. The charge was -a gallant one, under a murderous fire of grape and canister from the -enemy's artillery, which was brought to bear from every direction; yet -the little band kept on, and the Forty-fifth Pennsylvania had nearly -reached the house on the top of the hill, when the line wavered, and, -for want of support, was obliged to fall back to the covered way or -ditch leading to the work which had been previously taken. - -While this was being done the two New York regiments charged the enemy -at the ravine: the Second New York on the right, and the Fifty-first on -the left of it, some considerable distance intervening. The line was -carried and some prisoners captured. The position reached by the Second -New York was within twenty yards of the rebel fort at the old barn. -By this time Griffin's brigade had been extricated from the terrible -confusion near the crater, and had moved forward slowly, under a hot -fire, a step at a time, and the whole of the Second Division was beyond -the enemy's line and to the right of the exploded fort. As General -Potter was re-forming and connecting his lines preparatory to charging -the hill, the Fourth Division (colored) unexpectedly advanced, and -attempted to pass over the men in the crater, and charge the enemy's -lines through our division. In this they were but partially successful. -General Potter, at the time the colored division moved out, had the -right of his division nearly connected with the Fifty-first New York, -near the ravine, and partly covered the three regiments which had -charged the hill and fallen back into the covered way. Soon after the -arrival of the colored troops the enemy, with two divisions, under -Generals Mahone and Ransom, made an assault, when these troops broke -and fled in confusion into the crater. The situation, difficult enough -before their arrival, now became alarming. An indescribable scene of -confusion followed. Colors of our regiments, which had been planted on -the parapets, were thrown down and trampled under foot in the dirt as -the lines came crowding into the crater, or sought shelter wherever it -could be found from the terrible fire that was poured upon them. White -men and colored lay indiscriminately together. - -The enemy's fierce assault was repulsed by our division. It was, -however, immediately renewed, and a desperate hand-to-hand fight -ensued. The brigade fought as men seldom fight. The Forty-fifth -Pennsylvania captured a rebel flag, and Captain Gregg had a personal -encounter with a rebel officer, which made him famous throughout the -division. The color-bearers of the Fifty-eighth Massachusetts were both -wounded and captured. The colors of two other regiments which had been -planted on the parapet were literally torn to pieces and the staves -broken. The losses in killed and wounded were very great, and more than -one hundred prisoners were captured from the Fifty-eighth Massachusetts -and Forty-fifth Pennsylvania. - -The fighting up to this time was as desperate as any during the -war. For five long hours of that intensely hot day the troops of -our division had been actively engaged, exposed to a severe fire of -artillery and musketry, which steadily increased until it became as -terrible as any endured in the campaign. The enemy brought artillery to -bear from every direction, commanding the front and flanks, sweeping, -also, the rear of the line, and commanding all the approaches, -inflicting great damage. The heat was overpowering. In addition to -the killed and wounded more than two hundred in our division had -been prostrated by heat. Hundreds of men, besides, were so exhausted -physically that it was simply impossible for them to load and fire. -They suffered greatly from thirst, as it was impossible to obtain any -water. The fire from our line had slackened considerably, while that -of the enemy steadily increased. A steady concentric fire was poured -into the crater, and the horrors of that place cannot be adequately -portrayed. - -The enemy had been so roughly handled in their assault after the -colored troops had fallen back that they did not seem inclined to -renew it, but kept up a continuous fire at short range which was very -effective. Although it had been a lost battle since morning, General -Potter at noon was making preparations to connect the line and intrench -it, when he received orders to withdraw his troops at discretion. But -this was a most difficult movement to execute, on account of the -mingled mass of troops in the crater, and an attempt to retire was to -run the gauntlet of almost certain death. There were some brave spirits -there who endeavored to restore order, and inspire courage to make -a stand to cover the withdrawal. While the troops were retiring the -enemy made a furious assault with a fresh division, in overwhelming -numbers, on the lines about the crater, and forced the troops holding -them to give way and fall back or surrender. Those escaped who could, -and at two o'clock those remaining in the crater surrendered. Most of -the troops of the Second Division were withdrawn, the last regiment to -retire being the Second New York Rifles, at four o'clock, two hours -after the surrender of the crater. - -The loss of the division in the action was nine hundred and three -killed, wounded, and missing, including seventy-five commissioned -officers, out of less than three thousand rank and file, including two -batteries of artillery. The brigade lost two hundred and seventy-one, -which was very severe, considering the numbers engaged. The Forty-fifth -Pennsylvania lost sixty-eight out of eighty[20] taken into the fight, -and the Fifty-eighth Massachusetts brought out only twenty-eight -muskets out of nearly two hundred engaged. The losses in the other -three regiments engaged were less severe. The heroic bravery of the -brigade was never more conspicuously displayed than amid the trials -of that dreadful day. "All the officers and men of the command," says -General Potter, in his official report, "fought with the greatest -courage and determination." - -[20] The losses of the rebels in their charges upon our lines was -no less severe. The Sixth Virginia carried in ninety-eight men and -lost eighty-eight. The Sharp-shooters carried in eighty men and lost -sixty-four, their commander falling, while leaping upon the parapet, -_pierced by eleven bayonet wounds_. The Forty-first Virginia lost -one-fourth its number; the Sixty-first within a fraction of half -its number. The loss in the Sixteenth was nearly as great as in the -Sixth, proportionally. See McCabe's "Defence of Petersburg," _Southern -Historical Society Papers_, Dec., 1876, pp. 293, 294. - -At four o'clock in the afternoon, as the Second New York Rifles -returned from the rebel lines and marched through our pits with -colors flying high above the top of the pits, our men told them they -had better lower their colors unless they wanted to draw the enemy's -fire and receive a shelling. They gave no heed to the caution and kept -the flags flying. The words were scarcely uttered before we heard the -never-to-be-forgotten whistle of a mortar shell, and the next instant -it struck squarely in the pits and exploded within three feet of the -colors. None were killed; but one of the Second New York had a hand -blown off, and one of our men had his face filled with the hard dirt -from the bottom of the pits. The shot had the effect to bring down the -flags to a trail, and the regiment, with bowed heads, passed out of the -pits. - -That evening the remnant of the brigade resumed its position in the -trenches, and picket-firing was renewed. During the evening Private J. -Wesley Packard, of Company B, was shot in the head and instantly killed -while standing as sentinel at a loop-hole from which he had fired -several shots which attracted the attention of the sharp-shooters. He -had returned from the General Hospital only three days before, had -picked up a musket and equipments in the rear, and this was his first -day's duty in the trenches. Private J. L. Walker, of Company E, was -badly wounded in the thigh. - -Thus ended a day which proved to be the saddest in the history of -the Ninth Corps. Its total loss was three thousand eight hundred and -twenty-eight men. We have not attempted to describe the action, or even -to give a complete narrative of the part taken by our own division. -The action has been the subject of investigation and discussion by -Congressional Committees, Military Courts, historians, and critics. -Hundreds of pages of testimony and reports have been printed. Wide -differences of opinion have existed, and still exist. It is no part -of our duty to attempt to reconcile these differences, but only to -record our part in the great drama, and leave to future historians the -task of weighing arguments and the incidents of that dreadful day, -and the responsibility of awarding praise and censure. Of one fact, -however, we may be certain. Other troops than the white divisions of -the Ninth Corps should have been selected to enter the breach and make -the assault. Not that these were wanting in courage and devotion to the -cause. The record of their bravery from the Rapidan to Petersburg is -unsurpassed in the annals of that campaign; but from the commencement -of the siege they had become much worn down by constant labors in the -trenches, under an almost incessant fire for a period of forty days, -in which they lost on the average one man in eight. During all these -days, from a distance of less than two hundred yards, they had surveyed -the powerful works of the enemy becoming stronger and stronger by -day and by night. The fire of the rebel sharp-shooters had been so -close and unerring that no portion of the body could be for a moment -exposed without drawing the deadly bullet. The labor under a broiling -midsummer sun had been most exhaustive. Many of the men were enfeebled -by disease, all were weakened by confinement, and the experiences of -such a life as we had led for six weeks, had, in a measure, weakened -the vigor and spirit of all. It was General Burnside's plan to assault -with the colored division, which had been drilled for weeks for that -special purpose. They were fresh, and had taken but little part in the -campaign. The fighting at Petersburg on the 15th of June by the colored -troops of the Eighteenth Corps had aroused a spirit of emulation, and -they were anxious for the opportunity of taking part in the campaign. -Many who saw their advance on the 30th were satisfied that, if they -had been permitted to lead the assault, they would have secured the -crest of Cemetery Hill, and achieved a brilliant victory. Such was the -opinion of the lieutenant-general before the Committee on the Conduct -of the War. - - - - -CHAPTER XXI. - -THE SIEGE CONTINUED. - - -After the Battle of the Crater, the brigade settled down to the former -round of siege duty. On the morning of the 31st the regiment mustered -for duty twelve commissioned officers, and one hundred and seventy-nine -enlisted men. It was a day of sadness throughout the corps. The intense -heat continued. The dead in front of our lines resembled a heavy -skirmish line lain down to rest. A flag of truce was sent out several -times to endeavor to obtain a brief armistice for the removal of the -wounded and the burial of the dead; but all efforts were unavailing. -The enemy was busy repairing his demolished works, and hundreds of our -brave men found a grave in the crater, where the concentric fire of -the enemy had been most deadly. Among this number was the brave and -gallant Major Prescott, of the Fifty-seventh Massachusetts, formerly -captain of our Company B. Major Barker was on duty as brigade officer -of the day. Dr. Bryant was detailed for service at the Fourth Division -Hospital, to assist Dr. Prince in caring for the hundreds of wounded of -that division. At eleven o'clock that night, after four days' incessant -duty in the trenches, the regiment was relieved and returned to the -pine woods. The monthly return of the regiment made that day bore upon -the rolls as the total strength, present and absent, five hundred and -thirty-two,--a decrease, from all causes, of four hundred and four -men since the 31st of May, when we numbered, present and absent, nine -hundred and thirty-six. - -August 1st. A truce of several hours' duration prevailed along our -front, and the dead between the lines were buried and all the wounded -were removed. The regimental sutler arrived with a large stock of -goods. Lieutenant Davidson was mustered as Captain and assigned to -Company G. The weather continued intensely hot. - -August 2d. The heavy siege guns were removed from the batteries to-day. -The firing continued incessantly on the front line. A thunder-shower -tempered the heat. - -August 3d. We were aroused at three o'clock, and waited a long time -in line, ready to move at a moment's warning. A rebel attack was -anticipated, but their line did not advance. By way of exercise we had -a battalion drill in the open field from eight to nine, and found it -hot work. To-day all the vacancies in non-commissioned officers were -filled by appointment and the warrants were issued. At eight o'clock -the regiment went to the trenches. The firing all night was unusually -severe, the enemy being more hostile than ever since the explosion of -the mine. - -August 4th. A day of fasting and prayer throughout the northern -States, by proclamation of the President. By order of General Meade -all unnecessary work was suspended. But the work of death was not -suspended. Private Thomas Oakes, of Company A, was shot through the -head while on duty at a loop-hole, and died in a few moments. He was a -brave soldier, and always at his post. - -August 5th. The intense heat continued, and the last day has recalled -vividly the hot temperature of Mississippi, which we were enduring -one year ago. In the afternoon one of our mortar shells exploded a -magazine in the enemy's fort near the railroad, causing great commotion -in Rebeldom. They immediately opened with musketry and artillery, -making a great noise, which continued for a long time, but their firing -gradually settled down into an ordinary picket fire. The regiment was -relieved at night. - -August 6th and 7th. Regiment in the woods. The troops electrified with -the news of Farragut's great victory in Mobile Bay. Heavy artillery, -and mortar firing. - -August 8th. Regiment on duty in the trenches. Major Barker division -officer of the trenches. Our head-quarter baggage was sent to City -Point. Private Henry Russell, Company D, was mortally wounded by a shot -in the head while at his post of duty. Our artillery practice to-day -was very effective, and a great fire was seen inside the rebel lines -near sundown, caused probably by the explosion of some of our shells. -The Seventh Maine Battery is now used as a mortar battery, and its -practice is very effective. The rebel picket fire during the entire -night was uncomfortably hot. - -August 9th. On duty in the trenches. Seventeen boxes of good things -arrived from home, for men in our regiment. At half-past seven P.M. -Lieutenant-Colonel Draper arrived in camp, and upon the return of the -regiment from the picket-line assumed command. He had been absent since -May 6th, and had recovered from the severe wound received that day in -the first charge in the Wilderness. He received a soldier's welcome -from the remnant of the gallant regiment he that day commanded. A smart -thunder-shower at night cooled the heated atmosphere, and afforded -great relief. Rumors are afloat that we are soon to be relieved in this -position by another corps. Private Henry E. Graves, of Company K, while -on duty at a loop-hole, was badly wounded in the eye by the explosion -of his musket. - -August 10th. Our effective strength this morning was twelve -commissioned officers, one hundred and sixty-two enlisted men; -total, one hundred and seventy-four, with twenty sick in hospital. -Lieutenant-Colonel Draper and Major Barker were mustered in on their -new commissions. A court of inquiry is to investigate the circumstances -attending the disaster of July 30th, and we shall probably get the -"facts." Corporal Fred L. Perry, of Company E, was dangerously shot in -the right arm, and narrowly escaped bleeding to death. He will have to -suffer amputation at the shoulder. - -August 11th. The victories of Admiral Farragut at Mobile confirmed, and -the intelligence was passed to the enemy in a double-shotted salute. -The regiment went to the front at night. Large fatigue parties at work, -constructing new and powerful works on the hill between the woods and -the picket. Great quantities of lumber, gabions, poles, and building -material, were hauled up at night, and the work was pushed rapidly. The -enemy's rifles command this crest, and they made music all night. - -August 12th. On duty in the trenches. The enemy opened from a -new battery on Cemetery Hill, the shells from which reach corps -head-quarters. Much artillery was moved from the works on our left to -the rear, and aided to put in circulation a rumor of a new movement -toward Richmond. - -August 13th. Very heavy cannonading was heard on the right, from -General Butler's front, across the James. The Second Corps went over -last night, and there are indications of a heavy movement. Our men were -under arms and ready. It was a happy day in our camp, on account of the -arrival of the paymaster with four months' pay. - -August 14th. On duty in the trenches. For the past fortnight the -weather has been intensely hot and dry, and to-day is no exception. -Charles H. Wheeler, of Company I, wounded in the shoulder. Exposed to -severe thundershowers in the afternoon. General Burnside relinquished -the command of the Ninth Corps, and with his personal staff left for -Washington, leaving General Willcox in command.[21] The corps under -orders to be ready to move at a moment's notice. At half-past nine our -line was relieved by troops of the Eighteenth Corps, and the regiment -moved back to the woods in the midst of a pouring rain. At half-past -eleven the regiment was aroused and under arms, and at one o'clock on -the morning of Monday, August 15th, we left our camp in the woods and -moved to the rear. Upon reaching the open plain we marched toward the -left, and it was reported that we were to support an assault to be made -by the Fifth Corps. The night was black as ink, and as we floundered -about in the darkness among the stumps we soon lost all traces of the -road, and continued moving to the left and rear until daylight revealed -our position. We then countermarched to General Warren's head-quarters. -The Fifth Corps was quietly withdrawn soon after daylight, and their -lines occupied by our corps. - -[21] General Willcox was soon relieved by Major-General John G. Parke, -who was assigned to the command of the corps. - -Our brigade relieved the Third Brigade, First Division, Fifth Corps, -and our regiment took possession of the splendid line of works -occupied by the One hundred and eighteenth Pennsylvania. The works -were bomb-proof, and the camp regular and perfectly clean, reminding -us of the camp of the Seventeenth regulars, at Catlett's Station. The -enemy was found to be comparatively peaceful here. There was no firing -whatever during the day, and our pickets were relieved by daylight -without any molestation. The "Johnnies" were plainly seen walking about -within their lines with impunity, and the regiment we relieved informed -us that the utmost harmony and good-feeling prevailed on the picket -line. To us who for sixty days had been exposed to an incessant and -hostile fire it was a great relief to be able to stand upright without -the certainty of being shot. The enemy, however, had frequently opened -upon the main line with artillery, and to resist the fire the main -works had been strengthened and elaborated to the perfection of field -fortifications. During the afternoon and evening the rain came down in -a deluge, filling the bomb-proofs and trenches, inundating the camp, -and making everybody generally miserable. The Fifth Corps, after being -relieved, concentrated for a movement to the left, to be supported by -the First and Third Divisions of our corps, which were in reserve. - -Our little regiment, which could ill afford depletion, had lost while -in the trenches on the right, from the 20th of June to the 14th of -August, seven men killed or mortally wounded, and eighteen wounded; -a total of twenty-five,--a slow but sure wasting of some of the most -valuable material of which the regiment could boast. - -August 16th. The weather continued rainy and uncomfortable. Not a -shot was fired on our line. Dr. Bryant to-day received a fully earned -and well-deserved promotion, and was commissioned Surgeon of the -Fifty-eighth Massachusetts Volunteers. There is, however, some doubt -as to his being able to muster in on account of the greatly reduced -numbers of that regiment, it being below the minimum, and having two -assistant surgeons. It will be a calamity to lose the services of Dr. -Bryant. During the entire campaign he has been at his post, and his -duties have been very arduous and unremitting, from the fact that he -has been the only medical officer with the regiment. He has remained -constantly with the regiment, always in close proximity during an -advance, and ready and willing to perform any duty in the camp or on -the field.[22] - -[22] For the reason given above Dr. Bryant was not able to muster in on -his commission as Surgeon of the Fifty-eighth, and remained with the -Thirty-sixth until the close of the war. - -August 17th. A day of frequent heavy showers, settling at night -into a cold storm, making the ground soft and miry. It was a day of -comparative quiet, but we had a heavy force on picket. A vigorous -movement is in progress on the right, and the cannonading throughout -the day was severe. General Hancock has crossed the James with the -Second and Tenth Corps, and a division of cavalry, and has had a -spirited engagement. - -August 18th. The day was quiet within the lines, with rain at short -intervals and heavy showers at times. The trenches and bomb-proofs were -very uncomfortable, and required much baling out to keep the water -down. General Lee having sent a considerable force from his lines to -resist General Hancock's advance north of the James, advantage was -taken of his movement to send General Warren and the Fifth Corps to -the left, to extend that flank across the Weldon Railroad, about three -or four miles distant. General Warren reached the railroad early in the -forenoon, and while moving toward Petersburg was met by the enemy, and -a fierce battle ensued, attended with considerable loss to the Fifth -Corps; but the railroad was secured and held, and at nightfall General -Warren established his line across it. - -About nine o'clock that evening we were ordered to prepare three days' -cooked rations, and be ready to move at daylight. The meaning of that -order was well understood. During the night the enemy seemed to be -aware of some unusual movement in our lines, and subjected us to a very -severe artillery fire, which was general along the entire line. - -At ten o'clock on the 19th we were relieved by Mott's division of the -Second Corps, which had just recrossed the James, and the division -moved to the left, following the other two divisions of our corps, -which had been ordered to reinforce General Warren. We were exposed to -a hot fire while leaving the pits, but none in the Thirty-sixth were -injured. The rain poured in torrents nearly all day, and the men were -thoroughly drenched. The route was circuitous, and we marched nearly -six miles over very bad roads. As we neared the lines, the artillery -and musketry fire of the troops in our front indicated that a heavy -battle was in progress. The division of the enemy which General Warren -encountered yesterday had been heavily reinforced, and had broken -through the skirmish line, extending from the right of the Fifth Corps -toward the left of the main line of works in front of Petersburg, -with a heavy column, and turned Warren's right flank, causing great -confusion and heavy loss, especially in prisoners. In the midst of this -exciting battle the First and Third Divisions of our corps reached -the ground at a most critical moment, and, forming hastily on General -Warren's right, pushed rapidly forward with the troops of the Fifth -Corps, and drove the enemy in great confusion to his intrenchments. The -fighting was desperate and bloody. The rebel troops consisted, among -others, of Mahone's division of A. P. Hill's corps. - -In the rapid advance of our lines a gap was created between the Ninth -and Fifth Corps, and our division was at once deployed to fill it. -We formed in a clearing and pushed forward into the woods for about -a quarter of a mile, and went into position across a wood road. In -less than ten minutes we had a good protection of logs; but were -not allowed to remain long in possession, the brigade being ordered -to deploy as skirmishers. The Thirty-sixth first formed on the left -of the Forty-fifth Pennsylvania, but were soon filed to the extreme -right, when, by General Potter's order, we were at once returned to our -original position on the left of the Forty-fifth Pennsylvania, near the -wood road. Captain Raymond, of the brigade staff, was sent by General -Potter down this road to reconnoitre. In a few moments he rode into a -large party of the enemy's skirmishers, and narrowly escaped capture. -His orderly was killed, and as he attempted to return to the line the -pursuit was so close that several of the enemy were captured. It was an -exciting event, and proved that the enemy was in force in our front. -Owing to the marching and countermarching in deploying, it was nearly -dusk before the line was fairly established. General Potter ordered an -advance, but upon moving forward it was discovered that we had broken -connection with the First Division on our left, and were obliged to -extend in that direction. Accordingly the Fifty-first New York was -deployed between us and the Forty-fifth Pennsylvania. Owing to the -storm, the darkness, and the low, dense undergrowth, we were unable to -advance beyond a short distance, and remained through the night in this -position, widely deployed in the dense wood, without intrenchments or -fires. The storm was quite severe, the rain fell in torrents, and the -ground was soaked with water. It proved to be one of those cheerless, -dismal nights, of which we had experienced so many during the eventful -campaign,--nights the recollection of which causes a shudder, even -after the flight of years. - -The first glimmer of daylight found the line of battle ready to -advance; but no trace of the enemy could be discovered. Company D, -the Color Guard, and Pioneers were formed as a reserve under charge -of the Adjutant, and ordered to support the centre and keep well up -to the skirmish line in the advance. At half-past eight o'clock the -order was given "Forward! Guide Left!" The dense undergrowth rendered -it very difficult to maintain a good line, as the regiment covered -considerable ground. After advancing about three hundred yards we -reached a cornfield about one hundred yards wide, with woods beyond. -We moved across this field and halted in the edge of the forest, and -connected our left with the right of the First Division. We were then -ordered to build a line of breastworks. We had just completed a fine -line of works, and were eating our dinner of roasted corn, gathered -from the cornfield, when we were ordered to the left to reinforce that -portion of the line, as an attack was anticipated. We accordingly -moved a distance of about a hundred yards to the left, to that portion -of the line which had been held by the Second New York Rifles, which -had moved further down. Although they had occupied the position two -hours, not a tree had been cut, and no protection whatever had been -secured. Our men went to work with a will and soon had a good line -of breastworks. We had just nicely settled down for the second time -when the Adjutant-General came up at a gallop to order the regiment to -extend to the right, as the enemy was threatening the extreme right, -and it had been found necessary to extend in that direction. We moved -back to the first line of breastworks we had built, not a little angry -at being obliged to build intrenchments for the Second New York. - -The portion of line we now occupied was the scene of the fearful -struggle the previous day, when the charging enemy, under Mahone, -encountered the advance of our troops under General Willcox. Both -lines were charging and met at short range, when a desperate fight -ensued, in which the enemy was obliged to retire. His dead lay thickly -all about us, and the ground bore evidence of the heavy loss sustained -by the enemy at this point. - -The men were under arms all the afternoon, expecting an attack. -There was sharp musketry both on our right and left, but no unusual -disturbance along our front. During the evening Lieutenant-Colonel -Draper was temporarily in command of the brigade, in consequence -of the absence of Colonel Bliss. At nightfall Captain Hodgkins, -acting Adjutant, was detailed upon the staff of General Ferrero, and -Lieutenant Haskell, of Company B, was assigned to duty as Adjutant and -entered at once upon this service. The tri-monthly report of this date -showed the effective strength to be thirteen commissioned officers -and one hundred and seventy-six enlisted men; total, one hundred and -eighty-nine, with four commissioned officers and ninety-five enlisted -men on extra or special duty with the corps. - -The movement for the possession of the Weldon Railroad, although -attended with heavy losses, had thus far been successful. General -Warren's line was now firmly across the railroad, and the position -strongly fortified. Our corps was on his right flank, covering much -ground between him and the main line of works; a large cavalry force -guarded the flanks, and artillery had been put in position to repel any -attack the enemy might be disposed to make. It was felt that another -attempt would be made by the rebels to drive out or break our line. The -night shut in cold, dark, and rainy. The men were under arms, prepared -for any emergency. - -Early the next morning there were indications of another attack, and -the enemy soon renewed his efforts to regain the railroad. A heavy -cannonading from thirty pieces of artillery, which crossed their fire -over Warren's position, was kept up for an hour, when a desperate -assault was made by Haygood's South Carolina brigade, on the extreme -left, with the intention of turning that flank while a heavy attack was -made in front. The charge was made with great vigor, but was handsomely -repulsed, with heavy loss in killed and wounded. Five hundred prisoners -and three battle-flags were captured, with comparatively little loss to -the Fifth Corps. The attempt was not renewed, but the enemy retired to -his works, and our line was so strengthened as to render any further -attack a matter of little probability. - - - - -CHAPTER XXII. - -IN THE PINES. - - -The excitement and activity caused by the successful operations at the -Weldon Railroad subsided in a great degree by the 22d, the enemy having -abandoned the futile task of striving to regain his lost ground, and -we were left in quiet and complete possession of this important line -of communication. The regiment was leisurely employed during the day -in strengthening the intrenchments, and skirmishers were advanced for -half a mile or more into the wooded swamp in its front, but without -developing the rebel position. - -On the 23d the whole division line was drawn back a short distance, and -works of a more permanent character than those first thrown up were -begun. - -The camp sheltered by these defences became known as that "In the -Pines," and deserves more than passing notice. The Ninth Corps now -held that part of the line which extended from the right of the Fifth -Corps on the Weldon Railroad to the left of the Second Corps, near the -Jerusalem Plank road,--a distance of about four miles. At the point -occupied by the regiment the line ran along the edge of a belt of -pine timber fronting an open field of varying width, which separated -it from a deep, swampy forest, the trees in the border of which were -felled at random, forming with their prostrate trunks and interlacing -branches that formidable barrier known as a "slashing." Through this -maze were narrow winding paths for the passage of the pickets who were -posted in the standing timber beyond. The breastworks were higher than -was customary, the earth being thrown up from the front, leaving a -ditch, just outside of which was planted a bristling abatis. Well-built -earthworks for artillery were thrown up at available points, the open -ground in front of the regiment being swept by an enfilading fire -from two. An observer standing upon the works in front of the tents -of the Thirty-sixth commanded a far-reaching view of the defences, -which, as they stretched away on either hand until hidden by the trees, -presented one of the best specimens of entrenchment to be seen on that -wonderful line, which extended for more than thirty miles, and which, -with the opposing works of the enemy, nearly as long, made the greatest -achievement in field fortification the world ever saw. - -This position was held by the regiment from August 23d until September -25th; and relieved from the harassing duty in the trenches to which -we had been so long subjected, and confident in the security of our -defences, we joyfully improved a period of needed and grateful rest. - -The regimental camp was laid out in an orderly manner, the absence of -underbrush and large size of the pine growth giving it the appearance -of a picnic grove, and was in striking contrast to the dusty and -sun-scorched quarters it had frequently been our lot to occupy. - -The weather, although cool at times, was generally delightful, and the -duties were light. Beyond the regular details for picket and police, -and an occasional bloodless reconnoissance, there was little call for -service, and the men at their leisure washed and mended their war-worn -garments, and dealt out long-deferred vengeance to predatory vermin; -guns were cleaned, and brasses polished; barbers' chairs of marvellous -construction, attended by thrifty veterans, were well patronized; -long-absent sutlers returned with their wagons groaning beneath heavy -burdens; in short, we were once more "in camp." - -The terrible losses sustained by the Ninth Corps during the bloody -campaign of the summer had sadly thinned its once crowded ranks. -Regiments, that in April marched from Annapolis in all the pride and -confidence which strength inspires, now mustered around their tattered -colors meagre and skeleton battalions. The loss in commissioned -officers was especially large, and the need of a reorganization of -the corps was painfully apparent. In furtherance of this object -General White, commanding the First Division, was relieved, by orders -dated September 1, and the regiments composing that division were -transferred to the Second and Third Divisions. On the 13th of September -the designation of the several divisions of the corps was changed as -follows: the Third to be First, under command of Brigadier-General -O. B. Willcox; the Second to remain unchanged, under command of -Brigadier-General R. B. Potter; the Fourth (colored) to be the Third, -under command of Brigadier-General Edward Ferrero. The corps was under -the command of Major-General John G. Parke. - -This change strengthened our brigade by the addition of the -Twenty-first (now a battalion) and Thirty-fifth Regiments Massachusetts -Volunteers. - -The following is a list of the regiments composing the brigade after -the reorganization, with the number (commissioned officers and enlisted -men) present for duty in the latter part of September:-- - - Fourth Rhode Island Volunteers 217 - Seventh Rhode Island " 165 - Forty-eighth Pennsylvania " 491 - Forty-fifth Pennsylvania " 291 - Fifty-first New York " 368 - Thirty-sixth Massachusetts " 228 - Fifty-eighth Massachusetts " 123 - Thirty-fifth Massachusetts " 514 - Twenty-first Massachusetts " 102 - -Soon after its arrival at the pines the Thirty-fifth Massachusetts -received over three hundred and fifty recruits, entirely made up -of substitutes from Germany. The camp of these exiles was near that -of the Thirty-sixth, and their ignorance of the language and queer -foreign manners caused an amused interest in them; but when at night, -as became their custom, they gathered around the camp-fires, and, in an -isolation almost pathetic, sung the songs of _Faderland_, the effect -was striking, and we could not but listen with feelings of sympathy and -sadness as the grand old chorals resounded through the solemn pines. - -September 14th, First Lieutenant Henry S. Burrage, who was wounded at -the battle of Cold Harbor, returned to the regiment, and was mustered -in as Captain of Company D. - -During this peaceful month the ornamental duties of a soldier assumed -prominence, and the frequent sharp command "Fall in!" became more -suggestive of a drill and dress-parade than of hurried march or -wearisome watch in the trenches. On the 15th the regiment paraded for -brigade inspection, and on the 21st participated in a review of the -brigade by General Potter, presenting on both occasions a steady and -soldierly appearance that cast no discredit on its past record. - -Lieutenant-Colonel Draper, as President, and Captain Smith, as -Judge-Advocate, of a court martial convened at division head-quarters, -gave attention to the trial of deserters, most of the cases being those -of either ignorant foreign substitutes or unscrupulous bounty-jumpers. - -On the morning of the 16th the prevailing quiet was broken by the -unusual sound of firing in our front, followed by the hasty falling -back of a portion of the picket line. The breastworks were hurriedly -manned in anticipation of an assault; but after some desultory firing -the enemy prudently withdrew, evidently satisfied as to the strength of -our position, for no further attempt was made to disturb the line at -this point. In the forenoon of September 25th the Third Division was -reviewed, and a large number of interested spectators from our regiment -were in attendance, criticising with veteran keenness the military -bearing of the "colored troops." - -But the easy life in which the luxury of idleness was broken only by -the routine of camp duty was to be rudely ended; the friendly shelter -which for a while we had enjoyed was to be exchanged for the deadly -exposure of the battle-field. It was our last day "in the Pines." - - - - -CHAPTER XXIII. - -THE ACTION AT PEGRAM FARM. - - -On the afternoon of September 25th, about five o'clock, orders to move -were suddenly received, and immediately the quiet camp became a scene -of bustling activity. Tents were hastily stripped from their poles, -knapsacks packed in a hurry, and in half an hour, having been relieved -by the Fifth Corps, we left our camp. After moving some four miles -to the right a halt was ordered about nine o'clock, and the regiment -bivouacked in the woods in the rear of the Second Corps. - -On the following day tents were pitched, and the men remained idle in -camp, the air thick with rumors, until the morning of the 28th, when -the brigade marched to the "Gurley House," half a mile from "Yellow -Tavern," "in such a manner that the enemy would notice the movement," -to quote from the order received from regimental head-quarters. - -The 29th was passed in feverish uncertainty, a move being expected at -any moment. Staff officers and orderlies were riding to and fro, and -cavalry in force moved toward the left; but the regiment did not leave -its position. At night the excitement was heightened by the reading of -a despatch from General Grant, announcing that the railroad between -Petersburg and Richmond had been taken by General Ord, and that General -Birney had defeated the enemy north of the James. - -The morning of September 30th dawned upon a day of perfect autumnal -beauty; but the balmy air, fragrant with the scent of the pines, -the clear sunlight, and cloudless sky left little impress of their -loveliness upon the minds of men who, after the broken slumbers of the -night, were early astir preparing for battle. - -The expected advance began about nine o'clock, the troops passing -over the works of the Fifth Corps on the extreme left, and into the -debatable land beyond. The column consisted of Ayer's and Griffin's -divisions of the Fifth Corps, followed by Potter's and Willcox's -divisions of the Ninth Corps. We followed the road through woods for -about a mile, when a small country meeting-house, known as Poplar -Spring Church, was reached. There our brigade line of battle formed -at right angles to the road. Meanwhile the advance of the Fifth Corps -had developed near the Peebles house, an outlying fortification of the -enemy, consisting of a redoubt and flanking rifle-pits, upon which an -assault was made, about ten o'clock, by Griffin's division, and easily -carried, with trifling loss. The enemy, not having sufficient strength -to resist after the loss of his entrenchments, promptly retreated to -his main line, leaving about fifty prisoners and a piece of artillery -in our hands. - -The divisions of the Ninth Corps were now ordered to the front, and -immediately advanced, passing the troops of the Fifth Corps, who were -quietly resting with stacked arms near the captured redoubt. - -The regiment moved forward in brigade line of battle in excellent form, -and a rapid advance on the enemy's main line was anticipated; but, soon -after passing the Peebles house, a halt was ordered, and the movement -came to a complete stand-still. - -For three or four hours this fatal and inexplicable delay continued, -although it was evident that the advantage of a surprise was thus being -thrown away, as the enemy must necessarily have been warned of our -presence by the men who had withdrawn from the redoubt. At last, about -the middle of the afternoon, the impatient and well-nigh disgusted -soldiers were again ordered forward. - -Our regiment moved by the flank toward the Boisseau house,--an -abandoned dwelling that became prominent during the operations of -the ensuing days,--gathering, in wayside gossip with adventurous -sharp-shooters who had been looking after an opportunity for fancy -shooting at the front, the cheering news that the rebel works, toward -which we were advancing, had been strongly reinforced during our long -halt. About five o'clock the Second Brigade, General Griffin, which -was pushing forward on our right, slightly in advance, became engaged -with the enemy's skirmish line, and General Curtin was ordered to make -connection with that command. This was immediately done, our brigade -forming in two lines of battle, as follows: Thirty-fifth Massachusetts, -Forty-fifth Pennsylvania, Fifty-eighth Massachusetts, and Fifty-first -New York, in the first line; Forty-eighth Pennsylvania, Twenty-first -Massachusetts, and Thirty-sixth Massachusetts, in the second, though -extending further to the left than the first line. The Seventh Rhode -Island were in the rear with entrenching tools, and the Fourth Rhode -Island acted as provost guard, their term of service having nearly -expired. - -By this formation the Thirty-sixth came into position on the extreme -left of the brigade, and halted for a few moments near the Boisseau -house, at a fence running along a sorghum field. Captain Burrage, with -the skirmishers of the regiment, covered the front and left of the -regiment, the line extending from the woods to the Boisseau house. The -firing on our right now increased as the Second Brigade became hotly -engaged, and our line was ordered over the fence, which was hastily -crossed, and an advance of a few yards made into an open field, which -extended a long distance to the right, exposing to view a large part of -the brigade line of battle, while the enemy was concealed in the woods -beyond. Here the regiment first met the whizzing rebel bullets, which -became so troublesome as to cause the men to lie down; and, although -the prostrate attitude was eminently adapted to the situation, the -recumbent warriors may have been shamed, and were certainly encouraged, -by the example of General Curtin, who at this juncture reached the -front, and, followed by a single orderly, rode along the line of his -brigade, as coolly as if on review. His horse was soon after shot under -him, and a valuable saddle, sent as a present from his friends in -Pennsylvania, fell into the hands of the enemy. - -We momentarily expected an order to charge, but found that the -situation was changing on the right, to which attention was drawn from -the fact that at that point the line seemed to be falling back, which -soon proved to be the case. Our regimental line stood inactive, no -special pressure being brought to bear by the enemy in our front, until -the retrograde movement became communicated to the regiment on our -right, when we realized that the rebels, tired perhaps of waiting for -our assault, had boldly sallied from their works and, sheltered by the -surrounding wood, had successfully flanked our line. - -As the whole force covering our right vanished, the regiment was -subjected to a galling fire from that direction as well as the front. -Colonel Draper then ordered a change of front, but seeing that the -enemy's movement threatened to cut us off from our forces in the rear -he changed the order to a movement by the left flank in the same -direction. - -The sorghum before mentioned save us a slight shelter, and we hurriedly -made our way through it, the vicious "zip" of the rebel bullets giving -us an incentive to haste. Reaching the ravine between the Boisseau -house and the sorghum field we found remnants of several regiments of -the First Division, which had fallen into disorder, still gallantly -holding their ground, gathered in little groups around their colors. -Here a stubborn stand was made, and the chief conflict of the day on -the part of our regiment was fought. Many acts of individual gallantry -might be mentioned, the officers, and in some noticeable instances -the enlisted men, doing brave and serviceable work in rallying the -scattered squads and endeavoring to check the advance of the enemy. -But the force was unequal to the task, the Thirty-sixth being the only -regiment that retained its organization; and the position soon became -extremely critical. - -A line of the enemy's skirmishers now appeared at the mouth of the -ravine, on our left flank, and coolly picked off our men without -opposition, our fire being mainly directed at the greater body of -the rebel force, which had meanwhile pressed well around to our -right, having cut off and captured a part of our brigade and driven -back the remainder. The regiment could hold its ground but a short -time under the demoralizing effect of a sharp fire from three sides, -and Lieutenant-Colonel Draper, seeing that further resistance would -be useless sacrifice, seized the colors, against the protest of -Color-Sergeant Rawson, and gave the order to retire. - -A lively scattering over the fences and through the grounds of the -Boisseau house ensued, each man doing his level best to preserve a life -for future usefulness to his country, and little breath was taken until -the shelter of a reserve line and a section of Roemer's battery was -secured. Here General Potter was found sitting gloomily on his horse, -to whom Colonel Draper reported with fifty-two men of our regiment and -twenty men of the Fifty-sixth Massachusetts as "the remains of his -division." The men of the Fifth Corps and that part of the Ninth held -in reserve had by this time been so disposed as to check any further -advance of the enemy, and the battle ceased as darkness came on. The -remnant of our regiment proceeded to the new line, which was found with -difficulty in the dark, and remained for a short time in position at -the edge of a piece of woods, picking up occasional stragglers. - -During the evening we were ordered back to the line of works taken -by the Fifth Corps in the morning, where we were soon joined by a -detachment of about sixty men, under Captains Ames and Morse, which -became separated from the colors in the retreat. As each party had -for a time good reason for supposing the other to be in the hands of -the enemy, the reunion was a joyful one. At roll-call the regiment -mustered one hundred and forty-three men, the largest number by far -of any regiment in the division, although some had three times that -number in the ranks before going into action. The casualties in the -Thirty-sixth were four killed, sixteen wounded, and sixteen missing,--a -surprisingly small number in view of the perilous position in which the -regiment was placed. The killed were Corporal Robert F. Webb, Company -A, Privates Lyman H. Gilbert, Company E, Rufus H. Carter, Company I, -and Belthezar Margenot, Company K,--the last two being transferred men -from the Twenty-first Regiment. Sergeant Lucius L. Merrick, Company E, -who rejoined the regiment the night before, was mortally wounded and -died ten days later. Merrick was known throughout the regiment, and -respected by all for his manly Christian character. He was a graduate -of Amherst College, and at the time of his enlistment was preparing -for the ministry. He had been twice wounded, at Knoxville and in the -Wilderness, and was about to receive a commission in a regiment of -colored troops. He was one of the best soldiers in the regiment, and -his death caused sincere grief. Sergeant Charles Underwood, of Company -D, was wounded in the knee near the Boisseau house, and fell into the -hands of the enemy. His leg was amputated, and in a short time he was -sent through to our lines. A second and third amputation followed -a year or two later, and he died. Sergeant-Major Washburn was shot -through the face, receiving a very severe wound, and Captain J. B. -Smith, serving on the staff of General Potter, was shot in the hand, -and suffered amputation of a finger. - -Of the four divisions engaged the loss fell chiefly on ours, the number -of missing being very large. The official report of casualties in the -division was,--killed fifty-one; wounded two hundred and eighty; -missing, one thousand three hundred and thirteen. A large proportion -of the missing were from the First Brigade, as the regiments in its -first line were cut off by the enemy's flank movement, and nearly all -of the Fifty-first New York, and a large number of the Forty-fifth -Pennsylvania, and Fifty-eighth Massachusetts were captured. - -The Second Brigade of our division first received the shock of the -evening's charge, and when it was seen that it could not withstand -it, the Seventh Rhode Island, in reserve, was ordered to form a new -line near the Pegram house, and an order which, unfortunately, was -not received by him, was despatched to General Curtin to fall back -to the line thus established. If this movement had been made it is -probable that the heavy loss in the brigade would have been avoided. -Speculation as to the causes which occasioned this disaster to our -corps is, perhaps, unprofitable, and can afford but little consolation; -but one fact seems clear, that the delays and blunders of general -officers, rather than cowardice or misconduct of the men fighting at -the front, brought about the mortifying result. The vexatious and -apparently needless halt after the first success of the Fifth Corps in -the morning has been alluded to. This gave the enemy time to reinforce -his threatened line, and the rebel commanders, thoroughly familiar with -the ground, had their customary advantage of being able to direct their -movements understandingly.[23] - -[23] This action is called by the Confederates the battle of Jones' -Farm. Lane's North Carolina brigade formed the enemy's right; one of -Wilcox's brigades the left, with McRae's North Carolina brigade as a -support. The latter, however, "rushed forward to participate in the -fight." See History of Lane's North Carolina Brigade, in _Southern -Historical Society Papers_, 1881, pp. 354-356. - -During the night a storm began, and the day following was one of the -most dismal and uncomfortable ever experienced by the regiment. No -movement was attempted, but details were employed in reversing the -works behind which we were bivouacked, so they might afford protection -in case of an advance by the enemy. The work was very difficult, as -the constant rain gave the freshly turned earth the consistency of -mud. The aspect of the men, as they painfully prodded the moist ground -with sticky shovels or crouched around smoky and sputtering fires, was -lugubrious in the extreme, and their feelings corresponded with their -looks. Occasional shots were exchanged by the pickets, and one man of -the regiment, while sitting near a fire, was wounded by a stray bullet. - - - - -CHAPTER XXIV. - -AGAIN IN THE TRENCHES. - - -The morning of October 2d was bright and clear, and the lines were soon -formed for an advance. We moved forward about a quarter of a mile, -to a point not far distant from the Boisseau house, where we fell to -in earnest and began the construction of a line of works which were -destined to be our protection for many weeks. - -We were greatly annoyed during the forenoon by a sharp-shooter, -evidently posted in a tree, and by the raking fire of a battery, also -screened by trees, which occasionally caused a lively scattering by -sending a shell whizzing diagonally across our line. One of these burst -in the ranks of Company K, wounding three men and killing two; one of -the killed being Sergeant Daniel A. Burton. The fire from the battery -slackened in the afternoon, but the "reb" sharp-shooter kept at work so -persistently that it seemed extremely desirable to put a stop to his -fun. Accordingly, Colonel Draper detailed James Knowlton, of Company E, -and Corporal Frank Bell, of Company F, two good shots, to relieve us -from this annoyance if possible. - -They crept out some distance beyond the picket line, found cover, -and waited for indications. They had not long to wait, for soon the -crack of a rifle was heard, and from a tree in the edge of the woods -back of the enemy's picket line rose a telltale puff of smoke. Both -took careful aim, fired, and to their delight saw a gray-clad Johnny -come tumbling heels over head out of the tree. The next morning -the rebel pickets told ours that the man shot was a lieutenant of -sharp-shooters. After this successful shot the work in the trenches -was pursued with more safety and peace of mind, and by nightfall a -strong rifle-pit stood between us and the enemy, behind which we -pitched our tents and sought repose with a pleasant consciousness of -being once more "in camp." - -The day had been full of work and interest. The part of the new line -built by the Thirty-sixth was on open ground, while the rebel position -was masked by thick woods, and the fire from unseen batteries and -sharp-shooters was harassing in the extreme. During the morning General -Meade, accompanied by a brilliant staff, passed along the line and -halted in the rear of the regiment, probably furnishing an additional -inducement to the rebel gunners to serve their pieces well. In the -evening Major Barker, Captain Fairbank, Captain Burrage, and some of -the men, went over the ground in front of our lines, under cover of the -darkness, and buried our dead, whom the enemy had stripped of their -clothing and left where they fell. - -October 3d passed more quietly. Shots were occasionally fired on -the picket line, but no hindrance was experienced in the work of -strengthening the fortifications, which was the principal business of -the day. Engineers were engaged in laying out forts, two of which, -named Fort Fisher and Fort Welch, were in time completed, and formed a -prominent feature of the defences, as the line here made an angle, the -works to the left of these forts being the protection for the extreme -left of the army of the Potomac. - -October 4th. Comparative quiet prevailed until the afternoon, when -there was a lively breeze on the picket line. In our immediate front, -and held by our pickets, was a deserted house, to which reference has -already been made, lately occupied by Dr. Boisseau. As this house stood -on rising ground, and commanded a view of the enemy's line, it was -surmised that it might be made the object of an attack. In anticipation -of such an event, Captain Morse, with his company, was, on the 3d -instant, detailed as a reserve picket force, and took up a position -in a small rifle-pit near the house a short distance to the rear of -the picket line. The rebels had during the day kept up a desultory -fire, which made the position of the few men stationed in the building -somewhat uncomfortable; but nothing unusual was noted until about four -o'clock, when the enemy attacked the picket line of the Second New -York, of our brigade. The capture of this line let the enemy into the -rear of the picket pits of the Thirty-Sixth, and those adjacent to the -house were precipitately evacuated; but the reserve force held its -ground until convinced that the enemy was present in superior numbers, -when it fell back, leaving the house and a few men in his possession. -Our loss was four men captured,--Corporals Charles Bottomley and George -H. Mills, of Company C, and privates Reuben Jackson and Lyman McDowell, -of Company E. Mills and Bottomley were shortly afterwards paroled; -but Jackson and McDowell were fated to swell the ranks of that mighty -army the story of which is sadly told by the words, "Died in rebel -prisons." The picket line was at once reinforced, and the captured -posts were retaken. A second attack of the enemy was unsuccessful. -After dark, in accordance with orders, Captain Burrage, who was brigade -officer of the day, gave directions for the burning of the building. -It was soon a mass of flame, and presented a brilliant spectacle, the -weird effect being heightened by the sharp crack of the rifles as the -outposts on both sides blazed away at random, each desirous to show -to his antagonist that he was not to be caught napping. At daylight -on the morning of the 5th the disputed property was a heap of ruins, -and our pickets who had been drawn back, on account of the fire, took -possession of their old pits without opposition. - -We were now for several days kept busy in the construction of -earthworks, and the regimental camp was twice moved; but by the 7th -instant we were well settled, and were made happy by the ever-welcome -appearance of the paymaster. - -This day was also marked by the arrival of a new stand of colors. -The old flags, which in the wanderings of over two years of active -service had been borne in ten States of the Union, and in both -victory and defeat had been zealously guarded as the emblems of our -organization, State and National, were now returned to the care of -the Adjutant-General of Massachusetts. Stained by the elements and -blood, and torn by shot and shell, with both staves shattered by rebel -bullets, they gave silent but faithful testimony to the vicissitudes -through which the men who followed them had passed. - -During this month an unexpected loss befell the regiment, caused by -the retirement from the service of Lieutenant-Colonel Draper and -Captain Morse, who left for home October 13th, to the great regret of -their comrades of the Thirty-sixth, whether officers or enlisted men. -Although young men, both were veteran officers of tried courage and -recognized ability, and we would gladly have retained them; but their -term of service had now expired, both having served in the Twenty-fifth -Massachusetts before entering the Thirty-sixth. Lieutenant-Colonel -Draper was soon after brevetted Colonel and Brigadier-General "for -gallant and meritorious service." - -Major Barker succeeded to the command of the regiment, and soon after -received a commission as Lieutenant-Colonel, dating from October 12th, -1864. The command of Company C devolved upon First Lieutenant P. G. -Woodward. - -On the 14th inst. the regiment was for the first time in its history -ordered out to witness a military execution. The condemned was a -private of the Second Maryland, named Merlin, who by the division -court-martial, of which Lieutenant-Colonel Draper was president, had -been found guilty of an attempt to desert to the enemy. The division -was formed in an open field on three sides of a square, in the centre -of which the doomed man was seated, blindfold, on a coffin placed at -the side of an open grave. Familiar with death as the spectators were, -it was an impressive scene as the firing detail silently drew up -before the criminal, and at a preconcerted signal (the dropping of a -handkerchief) discharged a volley which sent the soul of the deserter -to its final account. - -With the exception of the removal of the camp to a point nearer the -breastworks there was continued quiet until the 25th when rumors of a -movement became rife, and toward night orders were received to pack up -and be ready to march at dusk. We were soon in readiness, but the night -passed without the arrival of the expected order. The next day brought -additional indications of a contemplated movement of considerable -magnitude, and at one o'clock P.M. tents were struck, and the regiment -marched to a large field near by, where, after participating in a -brigade drill, it bivouacked for the night. The time allowed for rest -was brief, however, as the sleeping soldiers were aroused at two -o'clock on the morning of the 27th. While we awaited in the darkness -the momentarily expected order to "Fall in," a mail arrived and was -distributed by the flickering light of the army candle, and many a man -as he read the welcome message from home felt, as he thought of the -morrow, that it might be for him the last. - -The movement in which the regiment was about to engage we found to be -one of great importance, from the result of which much advantage to -our arms was hoped. General Grant, it appeared, had decided to make -one more attempt to turn the enemy's right flank, and, if possible, -interrupt his communications, before the weather should become so bad -as to render the roads impracticable for aggressive warfare. A large -part of the troops attached to the Second, Fifth, and Ninth Corps were -withdrawn from the entrenched line for this purpose. The duty assigned -to the Fifth and Ninth Corps was to advance upon the extreme right -of the enemy's works, and capture them if possible, thus turning his -flank; while the Second Corps was to make a detour to the west, cross -Hatcher's Run in the vicinity of Burgess' Mills, and operate against -the Southside Railroad. - -At four o'clock we were on the road, and soon reaching the left of our -line marched through an opening made in the works for our passage. The -column then moved forward over an uneven country, heavily wooded in -parts, and quite unfamiliar to the officers in command. The Fifth Corps -worked its way with difficulty to a position to the left of the Ninth, -and a general advance was attempted. The Third Division (colored) of -the Ninth Corps led in this movement, and struck the enemy's line about -two miles from our intrenchments. The black men behaved admirably, -driving the rebels to the shelter of their fortifications, which -were found to be so formidable and well garrisoned that an escalade -was deemed unadvisable; and the position gained was simply held, for -a time, to await the result of the movement to the left. The other -divisions of the Ninth Corps remained in support of the Third Division, -and the regiment busied itself during the day in throwing up a line of -rifle-pits, behind which it bivouacked at night. The night was rainy, -and our condition anything but comfortable, as we wearily waited for -the day. - -The weather improved on the morning of the 28th, but, instead of the -anticipated assault, we found that preparations were being made for the -withdrawal of our forces, as it transpired that the operations of the -two corps on our left had proved unsuccessful. Crawford's division, -of the Fifth Corps, had crossed Hatcher's Run, with the intention of -gaining a position behind the rebel right flank; but became separated -in the thick forest, and had remained all night in a dangerous plight, -but was fortunately withdrawn without serious loss. The Second Corps -had advanced, as directed, to Burgess' Mills, where it was thrown into -some confusion by an assault of the enemy, from which it soon rallied -and drove back the assailants, capturing many prisoners, and, although -partial success was gained at this point, the evident strength of the -rebel forces made further offensive operations unadvisable. - -Our division was ordered to retire about noon, and, in conjunction with -a division of the Fifth Corps, executed a very pretty manœuvre. The -troops of the Ninth Corps formed in line of battle, leaving an opening -through which those of the Fifth passed by the flank; the latter then -in turn formed in line and in like manner guarded the passage to the -rear of the other column. The movement was conducted with the coolness -and regularity of a parade, notwithstanding the rattling fire of the -skirmishers, which furnished an exciting accompaniment. After reaching -our old line of defence we marched quietly back to our lately abandoned -camp, and reoccupied it. - -Soon after the return from this unprofitable excursion the regiment -received a material addition to its strength by the consolidation with -it of the Twenty-first Battalion Massachusetts Veteran Volunteers. This -command was the remnant made up of reënlisted men of the Twenty-first -Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers, and was justly proud of its long -and brilliant record. On account of the smallness of its numbers it -was ordered to join our larger force; but its veteran members were -naturally averse to the change, as by it their old regiment lost its -identity in a younger one; neither did the men of the Thirty-sixth -regard with favor the accession of recruits in this wholesale -manner, as their ten companies were now compacted into seven, and -their accustomed formation lost. Military necessity is regardless of -sentiment, however, and the change was peacefully made, the new-comers -being pleasantly received; and they faithfully served with the regiment -until its departure for home, when they were transferred to the -Fifty-sixth Massachusetts Volunteers. - -The following regimental order in reference to this consolidation and -organization was issued:-- - - HEAD-QUARTERS THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT, - MASSACHUSETTS VOLUNTEERS, November 1st, 1864. - - REGIMENTAL ORDERS NO. 28. - - In obedience to Special Orders from War Dept., A.G.O. No. 358, - the Thirty-sixth Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers is consolidated - into seven companies, and the Twenty-first Battalion Massachusetts - Volunteers is transferred to the Thirty-sixth Regiment to complete - the organization. - - The Thirty-sixth Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers is consolidated - as follows:-- - - Companies K and B to B. - " G and I to G. - " C and H to C. - - The Twenty-first Battalion to be H, I, and K. - - Commissioned officers are assigned as follows:-- - - Co. A, Capt. J. A. Marshall; 1st Lieut. Saml. Osborne. - " B, " Wm. H. Hodgkins, " Austin Davis. - " C, " J. B. Smith, " P. G. Woodward. - " D, " H. S. Burrage, " E. F. Emory. - " E, " J. B. Fairbank, " G. W. Harwood. - " F, " T. E. Ames, " J. Hancock. - " G, " A. S. Davidson, " W. H. Brigham. - " H, " E. F. Raymond, " J. R. Davis. - " I, 1st Lieut. F. M. McDermott; 2d Lieut. A. R. Mott. - " K, Capt. C. W. Davis; 1st Lieut. W. H. Sawyer; 2d - Lieut. W. H. Morrow. - - By order of T. L. BARKER, - Thomas H. Haskell, _Adj't._ _Maj. Comd'g Reg't._ - - -Many of the officers were absent from the regiment, serving in various -capacities: Captain Hodgkins was A.C.M. Third Division, Ninth A.C; -Captain Smith, Provost Marshal, Second Division, Ninth A.C; Captain -Ames. A. Aide-de-camp, First Brigade, Second Division, Ninth A.C; -Captain Raymond, Assistant Inspector General, Second Division, Ninth -A.C; Captain Davis, on detached service; Lieutenant Austin Davis, on -detached service, recruiting in Massachusetts; Lieutenant Brigham, -absent, sick at Annapolis, Md. - -The uncertain and disagreeable weather, characteristic of a Virginia -winter, had now set in, and stormy days came with such frequency -that the more enterprising and active men began the work of "fixing -up their tents." The experience gained at Falmouth and Lenoir's -Station was of value, now that the erection of mud chimneys and log -underpinnings became a frequent occupation. The hospitality of the -thrifty ones who first became the happy owners of fireplaces was often -subjected to a severe strain, when their improvident friends crowded in -to view the improvements, and, beguiled by the genial warmth, outstayed -their welcome. - -Little of severe duty fell to our lot at this period, the work of -picketing the front constituting the main employment; and this was -quite a peaceful pursuit when compared with that of the summer, as -there was no firing on the line, and our relations with the enemy's -outposts were generally friendly. - -This feeling of confidence, however, was broken, November 1st, by -the capture of Captain Burrage. He was on duty as brigade officer of -the day, and his instructions allowed him to exchange papers, if an -opportunity offered,--an exchange having taken place at this point -almost daily for some time. In visiting the picket posts, in company -with the division officer of the day, Captain Burrage found a rebel -officer waiting to exchange papers on a road which ran through the -woods where our division had suffered so severely September 30th. -Leaving the division officer of the day, Captain Burrage walked down -the road and met the rebel officer. The latter had with him three -Richmond papers, and these Captain Burrage, who had only a single -Washington paper, received, promising to bring out another paper in the -afternoon. Having made his rounds of the picket posts on our brigade -front, Captain Burrage carried the papers he had received to General -Curtin's head-quarters. On revisiting his lines, in the afternoon, he -learned that the rebel officer had not appeared. After waiting a while, -wishing to fulfil his promise even to an enemy, he concluded to call -some one out from the rebel line. Unfolding the paper, and waving it -in his hand, he walked down the road to the point where he exchanged -in the morning. Then passing an angle in the wood he came in sight of -the rebel picket line, which was about fifty yards distant. Halting, -and still waving his paper, he saw a rebel soldier leave his post as -if to go for an officer. In a minute or two the soldiers stood up in -the rebel pits, levelled their muskets, and an officer called out, -"Come in, or we'll fire!" To attempt to escape was useless, and Captain -Burrage was compelled to go in. - -General Curtin at once gave orders to capture, in retaliation, the -first rebel officer found approaching our lines to exchange papers. -For a while the enemy made no efforts in this direction; but, about a -fortnight later, Roger A. Pryor, formerly a General in the Confederate -service, but now a courier attached to General Lee's head-quarters, -came over to exchange papers near the place where Captain Burrage was -captured. A captain of the 11th New Hampshire, who had not forgotten -General Curtin's order, met him, and, drawing his revolver on him, -marched him into our lines. Pryor was at once sent to Fort Lafayette, -in New York harbor, and after some negotiations, continued through -several months, both Captain Burrage and General Pryor were at length -exchanged. - - - - -CHAPTER XXV. - -IN WINTER QUARTERS. - - -During the latter part of November the Ninth Corps was ordered to -the right of the line to relieve the Second Corps, which had been on -duty in the trenches in front of Petersburg since the movement of the -Ninth Corps to the Weldon Railroad, in August. On the 29th the brigade -marched to the vicinity of Hancock Station, on the military railroad, -and was assigned to the main line of trenches, the Thirty-sixth being -detailed for duty in Fort Rice as its permanent garrison. Thus, after -an absence of nearly three months, the regiment was again on duty in -the old line, a little to the left of the position it occupied during -the summer months. Though in a new location all the scenes around -us were familiar. Immediately on our left stood the celebrated Fort -Sedgwick, better known in military histories as Fort "Hell,"--a name -given to it by the soldiers on account of its exposed situation, which -invited the fire of the enemy's artillery. It was frequently subjected -to terrific cannonading from the guns opposite. - -In front of us stood the grim batteries in the enemy's main line of -defence. The principal battery in that portion of the line was in Fort -Mahone,--called by the rebel soldiers Fort "Damnation," for the same -reason which won for Fort Sedgwick its profane sobriquet. The brigade -extended from Fort Meikle on the right, held by the Fifty-eighth -Massachusetts, connecting with the left of the First Division, to -Fort Davis, about forty rods to the left of Fort Sedgwick, held by -the Seventeenth Vermont, Fifty-Sixth Massachusetts, and Thirty-first -Maine, which constituted the right of General Griffin's (Second) -brigade. - -The principal duty devolving upon the regiment during the winter was -picket duty in the trenches. The picket line was an intrenched work -about one hundred and fifty yards in front of the fort, and about the -same distance from the rebel picket line. Little of an exciting nature -occurred during the day, but at night the picket-firing was kept up by -both sides. There was more or less artillery firing from the main lines -on each side, the shells going over our heads. When the enemy became -aware of the change of troops in their front, and the substitution of -the Ninth Corps for the Second, they supposed that the colored troops -still belonged to the Ninth Corps, and their firing was sharp and -continuous; but after being told that the colored regiments had been -transferred to another department they subsided into their usual round -of firing. At times the batteries indulged in lively duels. Almost -directly in front of the line occupied by the regiment was a battery -containing one or more eight-inch columbiads, which threw its shells to -a great distance in the rear of our main lines, and annoyed the signal -station at the Avery house, the range of which they had obtained. In -one of the artillery duels our guns in Fort Sedgwick poured such a -fierce fire into this battery as not only effectually to silence it, -but finally, by a lucky shot, to burst the gun which had caused so much -trouble. - -During the raid which General Warren made with the Fifth Corps to -Nottaway, in December, the regiment was ordered to be in readiness to -march, but was not withdrawn from the fort; and again, in February, -during the movement to Hatcher's Run, it was expected that the regiment -would be ordered to the left; but the order to be prepared for movement -was not followed by orders to leave. - -Now and then an incident transpired to enliven the spirits of the men. -On one occasion, after some days of extremely cold weather, firewood -became very scarce on the picket line, and one of our sergeants called -out to the enemy that he proposed to cut down a large tree which stood -midway between the picket lines. He accordingly went out, followed by -five men with axes; but before he could begin the work of chopping, he -was joined by a rebel lieutenant and four men with an axe, who had come -out for the same purpose. As each side claimed the tree it was agreed -that both parties should assist in cutting it down, and then divide -it as equally as possible. The top fell toward the enemy's lines, and -two men stood on the trunk, back to back,--they who had stood so often -face to face,--and cut through the trunk, our men taking the butt and -the enemy the branches. That night the blaze of the little fires in the -rear of each picket line added to the comfort of the men in their weary -watches. - -On the 31st of January a truce was declared during the passage of -Vice-President Stephens and the Peace Commissioners from Petersburg -to City Point. Many of the men along the entire Petersburg front -crossed the lines to "confer with the enemy" in the peaceable exchange -of coffee and sugar for tobacco and such other commodities as the -"Johnnies" had. - -During a portion of the month of January the regiment was commanded by -Captain Fairbank, in the absence on leave of Lieutenant-Colonel Barker. -Adjutant Haskell also received a leave of absence, and some of the -enlisted men were permitted to go home on furlough. - -Once or twice battalion drill was ordered on the open ground in -rear of the fort; but, as the enemy had perfect range of the place, -they did not propose to allow any show or parade in force, and -their well-directed shots rendered any exposure for such a purpose -impracticable. - -Tidings of the steady and successful march of General Sherman's army -were frequently received, and information of the capture of Fort -Fisher, Wilmington, and Charleston was communicated to the enemy in -shotted salutes of one hundred guns from all the batteries in the main -line of works. - -Toward the close of February there were many indications that the enemy -contemplated the evacuation of Petersburg, and attempt a junction -with the army of General Johnston in North Carolina. Desertions from -the troops along our front became very frequent, and the statements -made by these men tended to arouse the apprehension of the commanding -officers lest the enemy should elude our grasp. The pickets were kept -constantly alert, and on dark and foggy nights scouts were sent out to -ascertain if any movement was being made by the enemy. For the month -succeeding the 25th of February there were numerous indications of -changes in the enemy's position. These movements were accompanied with -much yelling and firing on the part of the confederates, and whenever -the scouts or skirmishers advanced they were followed to our lines -by large numbers of deserters. One night, early in March, we saw the -flames of an extensive fire in Petersburg, and heard distinctly the -ringing of the bells. The reserves were under arms, and moved up to the -main line, prepared to follow any withdrawal of the enemy. After the -excitement had subsided the rebel pickets informed us that the fire in -the city was accidental. Thus week by week, and month by month, the -winter passed away, and the warmer sun and opening ground and balmy -air proclaimed the approach of spring, that season for more active -and exciting work. Toward the middle of March enormous quantities -of supplies were forwarded to the left. The trains were loaded with -provisions, and the tops of cars covered with men returning to their -regiments from hospitals and convalescent camps. - -Old soldiers needed not to be reminded that an active campaign would -soon be inaugurated, and with the proverbial instinct begotten of -experience began that personal preparation for effective work and rapid -marching in selecting what things to throw away. Inspections became -more frequent and exacting, and the fact of a speedy movement "was in -the air." Sutlers were ordered to City Point. The reserve division -was moved to the left of Fort Davis, to stake out and fortify a new -defensive line covering the left and rear of the Ninth-Corps line, and -in a few days had a strong line of intrenchments. - -While these preparations were in progress, in fact, while the army -of the Potomac was under marching orders, the enemy suddenly and -unexpectedly assumed the offensive. On the night of the 24th of March, -the day General Grant issued his orders for a forward movement of his -armies, a strong force of the enemy, consisting of Gordon's corps and -Bushrod Johnson's division, the whole commanded by General Gordon, was -prepared for an attack on the right of the Ninth Corps. Before daylight -on the morning of the 25th three heavy columns of the enemy charged and -captured the main line on our right from Battery Nine to Fort Haskell, -including Fort Stedman, the principal work in that portion of the line. -The columns after reaching the works charged to the right and left -of the aperture, and advanced a heavy line to the rear to seize the -military railroad and sever connections with City Point. By this time -a portion of the Third Division, under General Hartranft, reached the -scene of action, and attacked the enemy with such vigor as to drive him -into Fort Stedman and the adjoining lines. With the reinforcements from -this division the troops on the right and left of the works held by the -enemy were enabled to form a line perpendicular to the main line, and -not only successfully resisted any attempt of the enemy to advance, but -confined him to that portion of the line already occupied. - -Preparations were at once made to retake the captured line; and General -Hartranft's division, by a gallant charge, succeeded in reoccupying -the works, and captured more than nineteen hundred prisoners. While -this movement was in progress on the right, the troops of the Second -and Fifth Corps, on the left of the Ninth, attacked and captured the -enemy's strongly intrenched picket line in their front, gaining very -valuable ground, capturing nearly a thousand prisoners, repelling -several desperate attacks of the enemy to recapture the works. - -In the action at Fort Stedman the regiment was represented by Captain -Hodgkins, who was serving on the staff of General Hartranft, commanding -Third Division. It was an action in which the Ninth Corps won deserved -credit, exacting from the enemy a bloody price for his temerity, and -fully avenging the disaster at the explosion of the mine eight months -before. - -Comparative quiet was maintained by the enemy for a few days following -their repulse on the 25th. On the 27th General Sheridan and the Cavalry -Corps arrived in rear of our lines, and moved to the left. On the 29th -the surplus artillery of the army of the Potomac, two hundred pieces, -was sent to the Ninth Corps, and the several corps designated for the -turning movement on the left moved out. The operations of the army had -begun on a grand scale. - - - - -CHAPTER XXVI. - -THE FINAL ASSAULT AT PETERSBURG. - - -The enemy's works from the Appomattox to a point in front of Fort -Sedgwick were part of the old interior line of defences. At this point -the old line turned to the enemy's right, forming an angle, but the -works were continued parallel with our front by a kind of spur, which -diverged from an old line and swept down toward Hatcher's Run. The -Ninth Corps fronted the whole of this old line to the angle and about -two miles of the spur. When the main army moved to the left, on the -29th of March, the corps was disposed so as to hold our front line -to Fort Davis, and a line of works running back from that point and -covering our left and rear. In other words our left was curved backward -into a fish-hook shape, and our position became isolated. - -On the night of the 29th a considerable detail of the regiment was -sent out to level a disused parapet, some two or three hundred yards -in front of the fort. While at work the men were startled at about ten -o'clock by the sound of rapid cannonading on the right. Looking toward -the Appomattox they saw the air filled with shells, the burning fuses -appearing like gigantic fireflies. It was an attractive spectacle, -and for a few moments the men leaned on their spades and gazed; but -as the firing ran rapidly down the line, and mortar-batteries and -pickets began to open in their immediate front, there was a sudden and -unanimous decision that a view from the _inside_ of the fort was not -only preferable, but of the most pressing importance. The regiment -turned out and took position in the fort ready for action, but nothing -occurred beyond the noise and a few casualties. - -General Parke received orders on Thursday afternoon, the 30th, to -assault the enemy's works at some point in his front, at four o'clock, -the following morning. The point of attack was left to his discretion. -He had already selected the position in front of Fort "Hell" -(Sedgwick), on the Jerusalem Plank road, and at nightfall Hartranft's -division and Potter's division, except the Thirty-sixth and the other -regiments garrisoning the forts, were massed in rear of Fort Sedgwick. -Before midnight, however, orders were received suspending the assault, -the troops were returned to their camps, and, although everything was -constantly on the _qui vive_, there was no movement for the ensuing two -days. - -Shortly before five o'clock on Saturday, the 1st of April, General -Parke received orders to assault at four o'clock the next morning, and -the same dispositions were made as before. At ten minutes before ten -in the evening came a telegram from General Meade, directing Parke to -open all his artillery at once, push forward skirmishers, and follow -them up with columns of assault. Before the necessary arrangements were -completed these orders were modified by instructions that the assault -in force should be contingent on developments of weakness on the part -of the enemy. The artillery opened, and the skirmishers demonstrated -all along the line. The enemy was found to be in force and everywhere -prepared except opposite the line between Forts Hays and Howard, where -Griffin's brigade of our division surprised and captured two hundred -and fifty pickets. The original plan was accordingly adhered to, and -preparations for assaulting at four o'clock the next morning were made. - -At three o'clock General Parke entered Fort Rice, and established -his head-quarters for the coming battle. Potter's and Hartranft's -divisions, and Harriman's brigade of Willcox's,--all of which had been -lying massed behind Fort Sedgwick for two hours,--moved forward at -the same hour and formed a column between our main line and picket -line. The enemy's pickets were in close proximity to ours, but the -movement was executed so quietly as to give no warning to them. The -formation was in column of regiments. On the right of the Jerusalem -Plank road, its left resting on the road, was Hartranft's division of -Pennsylvanians, six regiments, the Two hundred and seventh leading; -the Two hundredth and Two hundred and ninth were held in reserve. On -the right of Hartranft was a second column, consisting of Harriman's -brigade, of Willcox's division, five regiments, with the Thirty-eighth -Wisconsin leading, and the Twenty-seventh Michigan and Thirty-seventh -Wisconsin in reserve. On the left of the Jerusalem Plank road, -right resting on the road, was a third column, our own division, -minus the Thirty-sixth and five other regiments which were in the -forts. Griffin's brigade, six regiments, led by the One hundred and -seventy-ninth New York, had the advance, supported by our own brigade, -Curtin's, with the Thirty-ninth New Jersey in front, followed in order -by the Forty-eighth Pennsylvania, the Forty-fifth Pennsylvania, and -Fifty-eighth Massachusetts. At the head of each of these three columns -was a storming party, flanked by pioneers with axes to cut away abatis, -etc.; and a detail of one hundred men from the First Connecticut Heavy -Artillery accompanied them to serve captured guns. Ely's brigade, of -Willcox's division, occupied our line from the Appomattox to near Fort -Morton, opposite the Crater, and the Fifty-first Pennsylvania, of -Harriman's brigade, was stretched along the part of the line at the -Crater vacated by its brigade on the moving to the left to join in the -main assault. To mislead the enemy as to the real point of attack, -these troops on the right were ordered to make a strong demonstration -at four o'clock, which was to be followed by the advance of the three -columns along the Jerusalem Plank road. - -Such was the situation in the trenches at Petersburg just before dawn -on that eventful April day. Only a few hundred yards in our front, -veiled partly by darkness and partly by the morning mist, stood the -grim fortifications which had so long defied us that they had begun -to seem impregnable. Behind them lay the left wing of that army whose -right had been driven the day before, reeling and bleeding, from -the field of Five Forks. Upon the valor of this unscathed remnant -depended the salvation of Lee, and, knowing the quality of that valor, -there were few in Fort Rice whose hearts did not beat anxiously -for the columns in blue out there in front of Fort Hell, silently -awaiting the signal to advance. Along the opposing line our chief -of artillery counted ninety-one guns, ranging from six-pounders to -eight-inch columbiads (one of which we remember as making some very -poor practice at our signal station in the rear of Fort Rice), and -thirty-five mortars, from Coehorns to ten-inch. Against them we had -four four and one-half inch Parrotts, eleven thirty-pounder Parrotts, -forty-two light twelve-pounders, thirty-four three-inch Rodmans, four -ten-inch, fourteen eight-inch, and twenty-two Coehorn mortars,--in all -ninety-one guns and forty mortars. Just what troops were in our front -it is impossible to tell. The prisoners brought into Fort Rice during -the day were Alabamians; and a rebel colonel, who was interviewed at -Farmville by a member of the Thirty-sixth, said he commanded an Alabama -brigade occupying the line opposite Fort Rice. The salient opposite -us (Miller's or Reeves') appears to have been manned by a battery -from Mobile. Our old friends of the Thirty-fourth Virginia (Bushrod -Johnson's division) were relieved several days before the assault, and -were at Five Forks. The difficulty is that the rebels made no official -reports of the closing engagements of the war, and such unofficial -accounts as are accessible are meagre in details. - -At four o'clock the artillery opened and fired vigorously for several -minutes. Then Willcox made his demonstrations on the right. The -Fifty-first Pennsylvania captured some of the pickets at the Crater, -and Ely's brigade carried about two hundred yards of the enemy's main -line; but were finally compelled to fall back. At half-past four the -main attack began. The columns moved at quick time and very little -cheering. The picket line was broken instantly. As we stood at the -parapet in Fort Rice, peering into the mist, we could see little or -nothing of the assault; but we could hear the blows of the pioneers' -axes on the _chevaux de frise_, and the shouts of command. The musketry -fire of the enemy increased, and following the flash of their cannon -we could distinguish the "whish" of the double charges of canister. -Presently new sounds came over the field. Exultant Yankee cheers told -us our boys were inside the works. Then we heard short, sharp summons -to surrender, coupled with epithets and rifle-shots, as the "Johnnies" -took the chances of flight. The first gray-back we saw was a short, -jaunty chap, who trudged across the field, toward the fort, alone and -quite unconcerned, passed through a little gap in the abatis, climbed -the parapet, and, coolly bidding us good-morning, asked if we had some -hard bread and coffee. As he sat in the bomb-proof and regaled himself -he told us he belonged to a Mobile battery in position opposite us, -and that when he heard the Yanks coming he prudently retired to the -magazine, only to emerge after his battery had been cleaned out, and -the Yanks were in full possession. Afterward a considerable party of -prisoners were brought in,--Alabamians, a sullen, indomitable-looking -crowd, boasting of how they would have whipped us if they had had -nearer our numbers. The captures in this charge were twelve guns and -eight hundred prisoners. Describing the assault, General Parke says in -his official report:-- - -"The stormers and pioneers rushed on, and under a most galling fire cut -away and made openings in the enemy's abatis and _chevaux de frise_. -They, now closely followed by the assaulting columns, which, undeterred -by an exceedingly severe fire of cannon, mortar, and musketry from the -now aroused main line, pressed gallantly on, capturing the enemy's -works in their front. Colonel Harriman's column, reinforced by the -two reserve regiments, swept up to the right until the whole of what -was called by the enemy 'Miller's salient' was in our possession. -Potter's column swept down to the left. This part of the enemy's line -was heavily traversed, affording him a strong foothold, and he fought -from traverse to traverse with great tenacity. We drove him slowly back -for about a quarter of a mile, when, being reinforced and aided by -strong positions in the rear, he checked our further progress in that -direction. A most gallant, but unsuccessful, attempt was made to carry -his rear line. The captured guns were at once turned upon the enemy, -served at first by Infantry volunteers, and then by details from the -First Connecticut Heavy Artillery volunteers from the batteries in the -rear. - -"Just after we broke through the enemy's lines, and at a most critical -time, I was deprived of the valuable services of Brevet Major-General -Potter, who was severely and dangerously wounded. I directed -Brigadier-General S. G. Griffin to assume command of his division, and -by him the division was ably and gallantly commanded during the rest -of the day. It being by this time fully daylight, no further attempt -was made to advance; but attention was turned to securing what we had -gained, and restoring the organization of the troops, unavoidably much -shattered by the heavy fighting and the advance over broken ground in -the darkness. - -"This was rendered the more difficult by the great loss we had -sustained in officers, especially field officers, and by the very -exposed position occupied by our troops. The captured line was promptly -recovered, and made tenable as possible, the difficulty being increased -by the forts and batteries on that line being open in the rear. - -"By reason of these untoward circumstances much time elapsed before I -considered the troops in sufficiently good shape for another forward -movement, and in the meantime I received, at 7.30 A.M., the following -despatch:-- - - "'HEAD-QUARTERS ARMY POTOMAC, - 7.26 A.M., April 2d, 1865. - - "'_Maj. Gen. Parke_,--General Meade sends for information the - following from the Lieut. Gen. - - "'As I understand it, Parke is attacking the main line of works - around Petersburg, whilst the others are only attacking an outer - line which the enemy might give up without giving up Petersburg. - Parke should either advance rapidly, or cover his men and hold all - he gets. - - 'ALEX. S. WEBB, - _Bvt. Maj. Gen. and Chief of Staff_.' - - - "At 7.45 I received the following despatch:-- - - "'HEAD-QUARTERS ARMY POTOMAC, - April 2d, 1865, 7.40. - - "'_Maj. Gen. Parke_,--The General Commanding directs that you hold - on to all you have got, and not to advance unless you see your way - clear. - - 'ALEX. S. WEBB, - _Bvt. Maj. Gen. and Chief of Staff_.' - - -"About this time the enemy made an attempt to get up a charge on us, -but our fire was so hot that they did not get many men outside their -lines. - -"We then held a distance of about four hundred yards on each side of -the Jerusalem Plank road, including several forts and redans. The enemy -made no further movements, with the exception of being very busy, -planting more guns, and keeping up an incessant and murderous fire of -sharp-shooters, until just before eleven o'clock, when he made a heavy -and determined assault on the captured line; but we repulsed him at -all points, with much loss. It being evident to me that the enemy was -resolved to regain, at all hazards, the portion of their lines held -by us, and nearly all my reserve being in, and learning from General -Wright that he was moving toward Hatcher's Run, leaving a wide gap -between us, I deemed it advisable to report the state of affairs to -army head-quarters, and request reinforcements. - -"The request was promptly complied with, and Benham's and Collis' -brigade from City Point, and Hamlin's brigade of the Sixth Corps, were -ordered to my support. The enemy continued to make heavy and desperate -attempts to recapture his lost works, but without success. But, though -my men stood up nobly to their work, this long and wearisome struggle -was beginning to tell upon them." - -At about three P.M. the enemy succeeded in regaining a few of the -traverses on the left, which gave them a flank fire upon a small -detached work on the left of Plank road, held by one of the regiments -of Curtin's brigade, and occasioned its temporary abandonment; but, -General Collis reporting to me with his brigade about this time, I at -once put him in under direction of General Griffin, and the enemy was -again driven from the portion of the line he had just retaken. - -Between four and five o'clock P.M. General Hamlin arrived, with his -brigade from the Sixth Corps, and I directed him to report to General -Hartranft, by whom he was placed in support of the left of his line. -These reinforcements having rendered my line secure I was disposed to -make another effort to drive the enemy from his position in the rear, -but the exhausted condition of my troops forced me to reluctantly -abandon the idea. - -"We accordingly strengthened ourselves as much as possible, whenever -practicable transferring the enemy's _chevaux de frise_ to the front -of the reversed line and on the right, connecting by a cross-line the -extreme point we held with our main line." - -General Hartranft speaks in his report of three rebel charges to retake -the works,--one at quarter past eleven A.M., one at five minutes past -one P.M., and one at three P.M. These charges were delivered from -the line of works in the rear of and commanding the captured line. -The assault at three o'clock was in plain view from Fort Rice, and -seemed to us the most formidable. Collis' brigade, consisting of -the Sixty-eighth and One hundred and fourteenth Pennsylvania, the -Twentieth New York State Militia, and the Sixty-first Massachusetts, -was just going up to the line, when the rebels emerged from their works -and came on with such steadiness and determination that a portion -of our line wavered, as we could plainly see, and many men broke -precipitately to the rear. Collis' line appeared to waver too, as if -undetermined whether to go forward to the line or fall back. It was -a critical moment. General Parke and his staff watched, with evident -anxiety. All day long the boys had laid along that line under a galling -fire from front and flank. A heavy mortar, planted at our right, -between the enemy's first and second line, in a pit fifteen or twenty -feet deep, as we afterward discovered, had kept up a fatal practice -upon them in spite of all our gunners' efforts to silence it. Traverse -by traverse they had driven the "Johnnies" down the line, paying for -every foot of ground with their blood; and now it looked as if all -might be lost. But no! Where one man quailed, a dozen stood undaunted, -answering the rebel yell with Yankee cheers and bullet. We saw some of -our color-bearers leap upon the works and wave the flags. It was like -an inspiration. The line became firm. Collis' brigade wavered but for -a moment, and then swept forward magnificently and opened fire. The -gallant Connecticut Heavies, who were serving the guns in the captured -works, stuck to business unflinchingly, only piling in the canister a -little faster when the infantry line showed signs of weakening. There -was a mighty cheer as we saw the column of gray break and surge back -whence it came. We could hardly have been more exultant, indeed, had -we known then that the last armed rebel we were destined to behold had -disappeared forever from our view. - -Although the Thirty-sixth took no active part in this engagement, as a -regiment, many of the men performed laborious and dangerous service in -carrying ammunition up to the captured line. Major Raymond, of General -Potter's staff, Major Hodgkins, of General Hartranft's, and Captain -Ames, of General Curtin's, were of course actively engaged. As a matter -of general interest, a tabular statement of the losses in the corps are -appended:-- - - -----------------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------- - | Killed. | Wounded. | Missing.| Total. |Aggregate. - Command. +---------+----------+---------+----------+ - |C.O.|E.M.|C.O.| E.M.|C.O.|E.M.|C.O.| E.M.| - -----------------+----+----+----+-----+----+----+----+-----+---------- - First Division | 1 | 28 | 22 | 206| 1 | 22 | 24 | 256| 280 - | | | | | | | | | - Second Division | 10 |110 | 37 | 564| 3 | 94 | 50 | 731| 781 - | | | | | | | | | - Third Division | 7 | 91 | 25 | 430| 1 | 40 | 35 | 561| 594 - | | | | | | | | | - Artillery Brigade| | 6 | 1 | 20| | | 1 | 26| 27 - -----------------+----+----+----+-----+----+----+----+-----+---------- - Total | 18 |235 | 85 |1,210| 5 |156 |110 |1,574| 1,682 - -----------------+---------+----------+---------+----------+---------- - - - - -CHAPTER XXVII. - -CLOSING SCENES. - - -Heavy skirmishing was kept up during the night along the Ninth-Corps -line, and the batteries on our right opened at short intervals, -according to orders. The regiments of our brigade which had borne the -brunt of the fighting the day before were relieved, and returned to -their former positions in the main line about midnight. The evacuation -of Petersburg was anticipated, and General Parke instructed the troops -to exercise the greatest vigilance, in order to detect at the earliest -possible moment any movement of the enemy. Soon after midnight the -skirmishers advanced, but found the enemy's pickets still out in strong -force. Explosions occurred in the city, and all indications pointed to -a speedy retreat. - -After an anxious, wakeful night to the garrison of Fort Rice, the -morning of the 3d of April dawned clear and beautiful. With the first -approach of day the troops in front advanced, found the enemy's works -deserted save by a few pickets, who were captured, and pushed forward -toward the city only to find that it had already been abandoned. The -first sound that greeted our ears was the glad cry, "Our flag waves -over Petersburg!" It was, indeed, true. The sound of battle had died -away. The enemy, who had withstood our advance for so many months, had -vanished from our view. Ely's brigade of the First Division was the -first to enter Petersburg. The formal surrender was made to Colonel -Ely at twenty-eight minutes past four A.M., and the flag of the Second -Michigan was hoisted over the Court-House. Great cheering followed, -which was renewed later by the receipt of the glorious tidings that -our army was in possession of Richmond, and that the enemy was in full -retreat. - -Soon after daylight the troops returned from the city to their former -positions, to prepare for a forward movement. Orders were received to -break camp, and be ready to march at a moment's notice. Haversacks were -filled, and everything was prepared for an immediate advance. Never -were marching orders more cheerfully obeyed. The day, for which we had -toiled, and fought, and prayed so long, had dawned upon us, and few, -indeed, of that garrison resisted the impulse to ascribe all the glory -to the God of battles. Soon after sunrise the regiment partook of its -last breakfast in the bomb-proofs of Fort Rice, which had been its home -for four months. At nine o'clock orders were received to move in the -direction of Petersburg, and in a short time the command moved over -the breastworks, across the picket line, through the enemy's defences -which had been the scene of the sanguinary battle of the day before, -and marched to Cemetery Hill, where a halt was ordered. While resting -here a cavalcade approached. It was the escort of Abraham Lincoln, -President of the United States. As the men recognized Mr. Lincoln their -enthusiasm could not be restrained, and amid the thundering cheers -which he graciously acknowledged, the President rode on toward the -city, where he received a grand ovation. - -At eleven o'clock the column marched into the city, by the main street, -and we were soon surrounded by the colored people, who gave expression -to their joy in tears and smiles and shouts of welcome. Hundreds of -children thronged around the soldiers, and many asked for bread, which -was freely given to them by the happy men. Many of the soldiers divided -their substance with the poor whites remaining in the town, and one -of our men was seen feeding five little children at one time with the -rations which he carried, leaving him a short supply for the next -three days. We were soon informed that the reason of this keen desire -for food was owing to the fact that for some time previous the price -of flour had been $1,050 a barrel! At such a price, with scarcity of -Confederate scrip, it is not to be wondered at that many poor people -were made happy at the sight and taste of bread. - -At noon the corps was concentrated in the city proper. The remainder of -the Army of the Potomac, without even entering the city which it had -besieged for ten weary months, had hurried westward, to intercept the -retreating enemy, and was marching on the river road. General Parke was -ordered to leave one division to guard Petersburg and the railroad, -and move with the rest of his corps, as guard for the wagon-trains, -on the Cox road. At one o'clock the preparations were completed, and -the Second and Third Divisions resumed the march, the Second having -the right, leaving the First Division to guard the city. About a mile -and a half west of the city the road forks: the northern road (nearest -the Appomattox) being called the river road; the southern, which runs -parallel with the Southside Railroad and crosses it many times, being -called the Cox road. Just west of Sutherland Station, where Sheridan's -force struck the railroad, the river road forks, the southern fork -being known as the Namozine road, named from the stream whose course -it follows. The regiment marched all the afternoon, and at night -bivouacked beyond Sutherland Station, twelve miles from Petersburg, on -the Southside Railroad. Generals Grant and Meade slept there that night. - -On the 4th the march was resumed. The roads were badly cut up, and the -enormous trains, with the reserve artillery, moved slowly, rendering -the march difficult and tedious. The country improved in appearance -as we advanced westward. The peach-trees were in full blossom, and -everything about us tended to inspire hope and courage. We passed -several hospitals filled with the enemy's wounded, and during the day -many rebel prisoners passed to our rear _en route_ for Petersburg -under guard. Nearly all of them were worn down with hard fighting -and hunger, and many were fed from the commissary supply train. At -night the regiment bivouacked near Beasley's,--a great tobacco -plantation,--about twenty-five miles from Petersburg, the division -occupying a line seventeen miles in extent, covering an extended front, -and picketing all the roads leading south. - -On the 5th the march was resumed. The movement was from left to right, -covering the entire line of road occupied by the moving trains. -The division on the left of the line moved first to the right, and -extended the line in that direction, covering the Southside Railroad. -At night the regiment bivouacked at Black's and White's Station, -thirty-five miles from Petersburg. On the sixth, at noon, the regiment -left camp and marched ten miles, to Nottaway Court-house, where corps -head-quarters had been established. Here the regiment was detailed -to guard a supply train to army head-quarters, which were supposed -to be at or near Jetersville, a station on the Richmond and Danville -Railroad, about fifteen miles north of Nottaway Court-house. We marched -all night over a rough road, and reached Jetersville at eight o'clock, -on the morning of the 7th, to find that army head-quarters had moved -during the night to High Bridge, on the Southside Railroad, and were -still some fifteen miles in advance of us. - -After a short halt, for the men to make coffee and the teams to be -fed, we moved forward, following the line of the Danville Railroad -in the direction of Burkesville. Arriving within five miles of the -latter place, our direction was again changed to the north-west, and -the regiment proceeded across the country to Rice's Station, on the -Southside Railroad, which place was reached about eight o'clock on the -morning of the 8th. The regiment had now been marching two days and -nights in search of army head-quarters, without sleep, having halted -for refreshment but twice since leaving Black's and White's, and then -only long enough to make coffee. At Rice's Station the regiment was -relieved from further guard duty with the train, and went into camp. -In the meantime the remainder of the brigade had moved forward to -Burkesville, about eight miles in our rear. A despatch was at once -sent to General Curtin, commanding the brigade, informing him of -our position, and asking for orders; in reply to which we received -orders to proceed to Farmville, ten miles in advance, on the Southside -Railroad, and relieve the provost-guard at that place. - -On the morning of the 9th, the regiment marched to Farmville, a town -situated on the Appomattox river, five miles west of High Bridge, -and fifteen miles north-west of Burkesville. We reached this place -about noon. The regiment was at once detailed as provost-guard, and -Lieutenant-Colonel Barker was appointed provost-marshal. The town -contained a population of about two thousand; and here we found a large -number of wounded Confederate soldiers, and many prisoners captured in -the movement to this place a day or two before. The troops relieved by -our regiment moved westward, to join their commands in the pursuit of -Lee's army. This was the ever memorable day when, at half-past three -o'clock in the afternoon, General Lee, at Appomattox Court-House, -twenty miles distant, surrendered the remnant of the army of Northern -Virginia to General Grant. - -Intelligence of the surrender was quickly transmitted to head-quarters, -and no pen can portray the effect upon the men as the glorious news -spread from camp to camp like a conflagration. Men who in the stern -hour of battle had been unmoved and undaunted; in gloom and disaster -cheerful and hopeful; in hunger, privation, weariness, and sickness -calm and unruffled,--now shouted and wept in turns like children, and -gave expression to their feelings in yells of delight. The goal had -at length been won; the trials and hardships and sufferings of weary -years had culminated in victory. Some of the men of our regiment, on -duty at the church, entered it for the purpose of ringing the bell, -but could find no bell-rope. Not to be baffled in his purpose, Michael -Sullivan, of Company F, climbed up through a scuttle-hole over the -gallery, and found a ladder under the seats, by which he ascended into -the belfry. There remained about six inches of rope attached to the -tongue of the bell, which he seized and struck with all his force, his -head meanwhile being inside the bell. He rang the bell as long as his -strength would permit, and its joyful peal was heard with astonishment -by the town's people, and great delight by the troops. At night -bonfires were blazing everywhere, and a long time elapsed before quiet -was restored. - -The next day the remainder of the brigade moved to Farmville, and -encamped south-west of the town. General Curtin was assigned to duty -as post commander. Division and corps head-quarters remained at -Burkesville. Lieutenant-Colonel Barker, as provost-marshal, established -his head-quarters in a large building formerly used as a store, -situated on the main street, in the central part of the town. The -regiment was quartered in the town, and furnished safeguards of from -one to five men to protect the property of the citizens in various -places in the surrounding country. Guard duty in the town was also -performed by the regiment. The duty was arduous and wearisome, as it -included not only the regular guard duty, but the labor of issuing -rations to the impoverished citizens, who poured into the town from -all directions for food. A careful record was preserved of all to -whom relief was afforded, with the quantity of rations issued to -each, involving a vast amount of clerical labor. In addition to this -duty paroles were made out for all the Confederate prisoners found in -the place, and for hundreds of others who came to the village from -Appomattox Court-House. During the stay of the regiment at this place -the following number of Confederate soldiers were paroled by the -provost-marshal:-- - - Officers and men in the General Hospital 582 - Officers in the Institute 22 - Detailed Hospital Attendants 34 - Hospital Stewards 4 - From the field of Appomattox 1,742 - ------ - Total 2,384 - -On Saturday, April 15th, Captain Henry S. Burrage, who had been absent -since November 1st, when he was captured in front of Petersburg, -returned to the regiment, and on the following day he was appointed -Acting Assistant Adjutant-General on General Curtin's staff. Late in -the afternoon of that day a telegram was received from Washington, -announcing the assassination of President Lincoln. At first this -information was regarded as a hoax or a camp rumor; but all doubt was -soon banished, and the sad intelligence was confirmed in the formal -announcement of his death by General Meade. - -The sad intelligence cast a shadow of gloom over the entire nation; -but nowhere was the sorrow more profound than among the soldiers of -the army of the Potomac. The closing days of that wonderful life had -been spent in its camps, and within sound of some of its last terrible -battles. The heart almost crushed by the burden of responsibility and -care, borne throughout the long years of war, had been lightened and -cheered by its glorious victories, and the men were bound to him by -ties of admiration and affection. The general sorrow which pervaded the -army was shared by the citizens of Virginia. They felt that the South -had lost its best friend, and while they appreciated and applauded the -magnanimity of General Grant, now that the war was virtually ended, -they relied upon the warm heart of the President to inaugurate measures -for reconstruction which should unite the hearts of the people of -the North and the South. Nowhere was this feeling more general than -among the people of Farmville. As soon as the death of the President -was formally announced the Mayor, in accordance with the generally -expressed wish of the citizens, convened the Common Council, and the -following official action was taken:-- - - TOWN HALL, FARMVILLE, VA., April 18th, 1865. - - A called meeting of the Common Council of Farmville was held this - day at Town Hall. - - The object of the meeting being explained, and an official - communication from General Curtin, commanding this post, having - been read, announcing the death by assassination of President - Abraham Lincoln, and the orders of the General commanding this - department as to the proper observance of the day of the funeral - obsequies of the late President, the following action was taken:-- - - _Resolved_, That the Common Council of the Town of Farmville have - heard with profound regret the tragic fate of the late President - of the United States; that we regard the event as a great national - calamity, particularly and especially to the South; and while we - deplore the country's loss, we at the same time feel the warmest - sympathy for the family whose head has been so suddenly and - ruthlessly hurried into eternity. - - _Resolved_, That we cordially approve and will conform to the order - of the Commanding General in the proper observance of the day of - the burial of the late President, and recommend to the citizens - suspension of all business operations, and unite in the common hope - that this afflictive dispensation of Providence may not impede the - restoration of peace and happiness to our country. - - _Resolved_, That a copy of these resolutions be furnished General - Curtin, commanding post. - - (Signed) W. W. H. THACKSTON, _Mayor_. - - J. H. MOTTLEY, _Clerk_. - - -The day following (April 19th) being the day appointed for the -funeral obsequies of the lamented President at the national capital, -in accordance with general orders from the commanding General, all -unnecessary labor was suspended. It was a day of sadness in the camps, -though the sun shone brightly and the songs of birds filled the air. In -the afternoon a memorial service was held in the Presbyterian church, -which was very largely attended by the citizens and soldiers, and a -memorial discourse was delivered by Rev. Mr. Severance, of Farmville. -As the congregation sat in reverent attitude, listening to the solemn -music and the words of prayer and eulogy, it was hard to realize -that the beloved President had indeed finished the work of life. We -remembered him then as we had seen him on that triumphant morning, -only sixteen days before, when, in response to our thundering cheers, -the careworn face was lighted with joyful smiles as he rode into the -city which the victorious army of the Potomac had won. - -Now a whole nation was in tears. In one short week it had been plunged -from the summit of happiness into the valley of mourning. Flags, lately -mast-head high in every breeze, were trailing, and joyful hearts were -in sorrow at the great calamity which had befallen the nation. Nowhere -was Lincoln more beloved and honored than in the army, and nowhere that -day were there deeper expressions of sincere and poignant grief. - -On the 21st of April our stay at Farmville came to a sudden end, -upon the receipt of orders to march to Petersburg and City Point. -The brigade, with the exception of the Thirty-sixth, had marched the -day before. At half-past seven A.M. the regiment left Farmville and -marched, _via_ Rice's Station, to Burkesville, where we arrived at four -P.M. Here we received the gratifying intelligence that the remainder -of the journey was to be made in cars, and not on foot. A train was -soon in readiness, and at eight o'clock P.M. we left Burkesville, and, -at a rate not exceeding five miles an hour, proceeded to City Point, -which place was reached at four o'clock on the morning of the 22d. As -the journey was made direct, passing through Petersburg in the night -by rail, we had no opportunity of looking again upon the scenes of -our battles and hardships for ten weary months. It would have been -gratifying had we been permitted to survey the scene of the battles -in June, the crater and the lines of earthworks, undisturbed and in -security from the deadly bullet; but it was destined that our latest -recollection of that war-scarred ground should be associated with the -scenes of strife and carnage. - -Upon reaching City Point the regiment went into camp not far from -the landing, to await the arrival of the remainder of the brigade, -which was marching by the highway. On the 24th, at noon, the brigade -arrived, and went into camp near by, and on the 26th, at ten o'clock -at night, we went on board the steamer "Vidette," and lay at the wharf -until daylight, when we steamed down the James river, past historic -scenes, reaching Fortress Monroe at two P.M. The journey was continued, -and Alexandria was reached at noon of the 28th. The brigade marched -through Alexandria in column of companies, and proceeded to the high -ground beyond the city, in front of Fort Lyon, where we found, in a -comfortable camp, that portion of the corps which had preceded us. - -On the 30th, Private James Dolligan, of Company K, one of the men -transferred from the Twenty-first, was instantly killed, while sitting -in his tent, by the careless firing of some colored troops, who were -discharging their pieces near by. This was the last casualty in the -regiment. - -Camp-life near Alexandria was comparatively easy and pleasant. Many of -the restraints of the service were removed, although the discipline was -fully maintained. The men were allowed more personal liberty; many were -permitted to visit Washington, and many others availed themselves of -the opportunity of visiting Mount Vernon, which, throughout the war, -had been regarded as sacred ground, and had not been molested by either -Confederate or Union troops. - -Occasionally the camps were brilliantly illuminated at night. On the -night of the 12th of May an unusual scene was witnessed in a torchlight -parade. The men had carefully saved all the candles that could be -obtained. These were placed in the muzzles of their guns, the muskets -being used as torches. After forming in line of battle many evolutions -were executed, and the various movements presented a novel and -beautiful spectacle to all beholders. - -On the 21st of May the long-expected and eagerly awaited orders were -received from the War Department for the speedy muster-out of all -regiments whose term of service should expire before October 1st. -Preparations for this happy event began immediately. Soon the camp was -in a state of busy excitement. Cracker-boxes and barrel-heads were -converted into use as tables, and all the camp-writers were busily -engaged in preparing muster-out rolls and discharge papers. - -This agreeable employment was interrupted temporarily by orders to -proceed to Washington, and participate in the grand reviews of the army -of the Potomac and the West. Early on the morning of the 22d of May -the regiment, with the entire corps, proceeded in light marching order -to Washington, and bivouacked for the night on the open ground east -of the capitol. On the morning of the 23d the men were astir early, -preparing for the review. The Ninth Corps followed the cavalry, having -the right of the column of infantry. The corps marched in column of -companies at half distance, with a front of eighteen files. The First -Division, constituting the garrison of the defences of Washington, had -the extreme right, and was followed by the Second and Third Divisions, -with their respective brigades, in numerical order. The day was superb. -Not a cloud obscured the sun, and none who marched in the ranks of the -veteran and victorious army of the Potomac on that brilliant day will -ever forget the splendid pageant. - -The infantry, being in light marching order, presented a fine -appearance. The men were dressed in their best, wore white gloves, -and nearly all carried bouquets in the muzzles of their guns. The -tattered, blood-stained banners were garlanded with flowers, and many -of the officers' horses wore brilliant wreaths. Great preparation -had been made for this magnificent pageant. Stands for spectators -had been erected at every convenient spot, and the great crowds in -attendance were excited to the highest pitch of enthusiasm by the -martial display. Thousands of school-children sang patriotic songs and -showered bouquets of flowers as the column passed. At the White House -great stands had been erected on both sides of the avenue, and at this -point, amid immense cheering and the thunder of artillery, the army -passed in review before President Johnson, the leading Generals, and -the Governors of the States. Here one face was missing. Here all that -seemed wanting to complete the sense of triumph was the form of Abraham -Lincoln, at whose call these veterans had left their homes in defence -of their country, and who, since the close of the fighting, had been -called to his reward. Recollections of him, and the memory of comrades -who had fallen rushed upon us. Our feelings found fitting expression in -the language of Brownell's poem:-- - - "And in all our pride to-day, - We think, with a tender pain, - Of those who are far away; - They will not come home again. - - "And, lo! from a thousand fields, - From all the old battle-haunts, - A greater army than Sherman wields, - A grander review than Grant's! - - "Gathered home from the grave, - Risen from sun and rain, - The legions of our brave - Are all in the ranks again. - - "The colors ripple o'erhead, - The drums roll up to the sky, - And with martial time and tread - The regiments all pass by,-- - The ranks of our faithful dead - Meeting their President's eye." - -For more than six hours the march continued through the streets of -Washington, amid scenes as magnificent as those when the armies of Rome -carried their victorious eagles through the streets of the Eternal -City. After passing in review, the regiment continued its march through -Georgetown, and at night occupied its regular camp. - -After this all was bustle and activity in preparation for our -muster-out and return home. Day after day the air was filled with -the music, and cheers, and good-byes of the troops who had been -mustered-out, as they left their comrades in battle and the scenes of -war, to go to their homes and engage in the pursuits of peaceful life. -Reviews and parades were substituted for guard duty and drill. On the -3d of June, the anniversary of the terrible day at Cold Harbor, General -Parke reviewed the Second Division, and on the 5th General Curtin, -temporarily in command of General Hartranft's division, was tendered a -complimentary review by the regiments of his old (First) brigade. This -was the last parade of this veteran brigade, and elicited the following -commendation from General Curtin:-- - - HEAD-QUARTERS THIRD DIVISION, NINTH ARMY CORPS, - NEAR ALEXANDRIA, VA., June 6, 1865. - - _To the Officers and Men of the First Brigade, Second Division, - Ninth Army Corps_:-- - - I desire to express to you, one and all, my heartfelt appreciation - of the kindly feelings which prompted the review of last evening. - On that occasion your appearance was as gratifying to me as - honorable to yourselves. In your movements you exhibited that true - soldierly bearing which, on the field and in the camp, has ever - distinguished the soldiers of this brigade. In the Carolinas, - in Maryland, in Kentucky, in Mississippi, in Tennessee, and in - Virginia, your valor and heroic endurance have won for you an - imperishable name. Victory has at length crowned your efforts, and - the efforts of the brave men associated with you. - - In parting with you who are about to repair to your homes allow me - to express my sincere thanks for the prompt and cheerful manner in - which you have at all times performed every duty while under my - command. To those of you who remain allow me to say, be patient. - I trust the day is not far distant when it will be practicable - for you, also, to return to your homes. Until that day arrives - let your bearing be such as not to detract from, but to add to, - your present well-earned reputation. As you go to your homes you - will bear with you the proud consciousness of duty successfully - performed, and will receive from your countrymen the applause of a - grateful people; while in all the years to come, as you revert to - the scenes now so rapidly closing, it will be your pride to say, - "I fought with Burnside and the Ninth Army Corps," and there will - be associated with all this your part in the history of the First - Brigade, Second Division. - - To the families and friends of your comrades, who have so nobly - fallen in the defence of their country, I tender my heartfelt - sympathy. - - JOHN I. CURTIN, - _Brevet Brigadier-General_. - - -On the 6th all preparations for muster-out having been completed, -orders were received for the regiment to be in readiness to depart on -the following day. That evening the regiment organized a torchlight -procession, and, escorted by the brigade band, marched to the camp of -our comrades of the Forty-fifth Pennsylvania. It was the last time -these organizations, which had been so intimately associated since -September, 1862, were to meet as regiments. During the entire term of -the Thirty-sixth, through all the vicissitudes of its service, this -gallant regiment of Pennsylvanians had never been separated from it; -and in every battle in which we had been engaged we had felt their -strong support upon our right or left. - -After a season of fraternal conversation Colonel Gregg, of the -Forty-fifth, delivered the following address:-- - - "_Officers and Men of the Thirty-sixth Massachusetts Volunteers_:-- - - "Nearly three years of toil and blood have passed since our first - acquaintance with you. Thinned in numbers, we had then just left - the victorious fields of South Mountain and Antietam. From that day - to the present--in camp, on the toilsome march, and in the conflict - of battle--you have stood side by side with us, contending for our - country against treason and oppression. Your record is one of which - the glorious old Bay State may well be proud; and we are sure she - will ever count your organization one of the noblest she has sent - to the field. - - "Amid scenes of conflict we have learned to love and honor you; - and as the blood of our heroes has there mingled together, so have - our hearts been united in one fraternal bond of union, which time - cannot sever. With the brave men of the Thirty-sixth by our side, - we were always sure of hearty support and final victory; each vied - with the other in deeds of valor and trials of endurance, and both - shared equally the honors won. - - "Together we have thus fought, together we have rejoiced and - wept,--rejoiced at the success of our united arms, wept for the - fallen brave around us. - - "Now all is changed. The white-winged messenger of Peace beckons - us from scenes of conflict to once more resume the avocations - of industry and domestic tranquillity. You are about to leave - us and return to your homes in the old Bay State. We have met - probably for the last time. Here, under the folds of our colors, - let us strengthen these feelings of love and affection which have - so closely united our destinies in the field. Let us, also, in - remembrance of our comrades who have so nobly fallen, and whose - memory we will always cherish, pledge ourselves anew to the flag - and the country we love. - - "Brave and faithful sons of Massachusetts, the victory is won! - Return to your homes, and, as you recount the valor of your arms, - say that the Keystone boys of the Forty-fifth, sons of your ancient - sires, defended with you the liberties of our fathers assailed by - rebellion and wrong. - - "Comrades of the Thirty-sixth, we bid you an affectionate farewell!" - -This address was received with great applause. Appropriate responses -were made by members of the Thirty-sixth; and we returned, late -at night, with the conviction that we bore with us the esteem and -affection of that gallant regiment. - -On the march back to their quarters the regiment halted at the camp -of each regiment of the brigade, and exchanged farewell cheers and -greetings with our comrades, who were to remain in the service yet a -little longer. - -On the eighth of June, in accordance with orders, the recruits and the -Twenty-first men were transferred to the Fifty-sixth Massachusetts, -and the regiment was mustered-out of the service of the United States -by Lieutenant Rose, division mustering-officer. At three o'clock -P.M., escorted by the Forty-fifth Pennsylvania, Colonel Gregg, and -the brigade band, we marched to Alexandria. The Forty-fifth had -made special preparations for this parade. All the non-commissioned -officers carried small American flags on their bayonets, and the -regiment presented a splendid appearance. At Alexandria we bade our -comrades good-by with cheers, and embarked for Washington. After -considerable delay at the latter place cars were loaded with the -troops and baggage, and the homeward journey commenced. Many delays -and discomforts attended this journey; but they were all borne with -a spirit of equanimity and resignation, because we knew this to be -the last excursion of the kind we should ever make. Philadelphia was -reached at noon of the 9th, and the regiment enjoyed the hospitality -of the city at the famous Cooper Shop refreshment-rooms, receiving a -warm greeting, and obtaining abundant cheer, and much-needed rest. Late -in the afternoon the journey was resumed. New York was reached during -the night, and the regiment marched to the battery, where quarters -were provided. The next day, about noon, the regiment took the cars on -the Shore line. Soon we were within the limits of the dear old mother -Commonwealth, and on the evening of the 10th we arrived at Readville, -where we pitched our tents for the last time. During the following day, -Sunday, many friends and former comrades visited the camp, and warm -welcomes were extended. On Monday, the 12th, Company B received an -ovation from the citizens of Charlestown, and on Tuesday, the 13th, -the entire regiment visited the city of Worcester, and received a most -hearty and generous public greeting. The little band of bronzed and -hardy veterans presented a strange contrast to that regiment of more -than one thousand men, who, nearly three years before, had marched the -same streets on the journey to the front; but the reception compensated -for these years of toil and hardship. - -The following account of the reception is taken from the "Worcester -Spy" of June 14:-- - - RECEPTION OF THE THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT. - - The Thirty-sixth Massachusetts Regiment, Colonel T. L. Barker, - arrived in this city yesterday, and were formally received and - welcomed home by the city authorities in the afternoon. The State - Guard, Captain Fitch, and Captain Chamberlain's Company of State - Militia, with Goddard and Riedle's band, performed escort duty. The - line was formed on Front street, and the procession, accompanied by - the city government and a large number of past officers who have - been in the service from this city, marched down Main street and - countermarched to Mechanics' hall, where the formal reception took - place, and the returned veterans partook of a collation provided by - Hudson, under the direction of the city government. - - Many of the buildings on Main street were decorated with the - national colors, and flags were flying in all directions. The - returned soldiers were welcomed with hearty cheers along the line - of march, and on entering the hall were greeted with waving of - handkerchiefs and prolonged applause by the crowd of ladies that - filled the galleries. After the veterans and their escort had taken - their places at the tables, His Honor Mayor Ball addressed the - regiment as follows:-- - - _Officers and Soldiers of the Thirty-sixth Regiment_:-- - - GENTLEMEN,--We are assembled to congratulate you upon your - auspicious return from the field of conflict, honor, and danger - which has witnessed your daring, your valor, and your heroism, for - the past three years. Now we see, consummated in your return, the - ardent longing of your hearts when you left us. In this we share - with you your joy. Joy, that you should have been preserved to - return once more to enjoy the blessings and humanities of civil - life, the fruits of your labors. For the honorable part you have - borne in the great civil war, accept our acknowledgments of high - appreciation of the noble service you have rendered a noble and - just cause. Allow us to share with you some of your intense joy at - the victories, in achieving which you have borne such a memorable - part. In these victories we have rejoiced, as the pealing bell, the - booming cannon, and the glaring bonfire have attested. These have - been our oratory and have furnished our eloquence. At your success - our joy has been too deep for human speech, and our elation too - excited to be bounded or measured by mere human speech. We know - this to be your joy, and in its realization we congratulate you - most cordially, most earnestly; and here we welcome you, in behalf - of the city, to this hospitality, in token of our appreciation of - the high service you have rendered the city, the State, and the - country. We welcome you cordially again to the bosom of civil life. - With you we rejoice again in the return of so many of you safe from - the perils of the camp and the battle-field to your homes and your - friends. With you we join in your sorrow for the noble and the - brave that you have left on the battle-field. Their eyes longed - to see this hour,--a privilege they have been denied. You have - been blessed in the seeing, and with you we will honor their names - and respect their memories. We welcome you again to the pursuits - of civil life, where victories attend activity, resolution, and - energy, as well as in the exciting scenes and service of the camp; - and we rejoice with you that you have aided in giving a new meaning - to the dear old flag, in whose defence you have endured so much. Be - it ours to cherish it evermore with vastly more increased love than - ever we did before. Great is our rejoicing that yours is the memory - of that great day when Richmond fell. Proud may you be of the - recollection of that mighty event; and long may the years remain to - you in which to enjoy the peace of your labors; and may we all be - one in purpose and aim, hero and civilian, to rightfully cherish - these memories, and to use, with pure motives, these blessings - vouchsafed to us by kind and indulgent Heaven, through your valor, - your sufferings, your patriotism. - - The divine blessing was then invoked by Rev. Nathaniel Richardson, - Chaplain of the Thirty-sixth, after which the company did ample - justice to the collation. During the repast Mr. C. C. Starring - performed upon the organ a variety of national and patriotic music, - and a quartette of male voices from Dale Hospital, members of the - Warren Phalanx of Charlestown (Company B), gave two patriotic - songs, which were warmly applauded. - - At the close of the repast, in behalf of the regiment, - Lieutenant-Colonel Smith returned thanks to the city authorities - for the courtesies and welcome extended to them. He said it - was a proud day for American soldiers, and a proud day for the - Thirty-sixth to return and to receive the approbation of the city - from which they went away three years ago to fight the battles of - the Republic. When we then left this city we received our flag from - the ladies of Worcester, and our commander pledged himself and us - that it should be honorably defended and returned. He has long - since left us; but the promise was binding, and to-day we return - it without dishonor. We count it a matter of pride that in all our - arduous service and on many hard-fought fields the Thirty-sixth - Regiment has never lost a color or a flag. - - On account of the lateness of the hour the speech-making was - abbreviated; and after the soldiers had cheered for the mayor, the - ladies, and the citizens of Worcester, and the spectators had given - nine hearty cheers for the Thirty-sixth Regiment, the assembly - dispersed. - - The following is a list of the officers who have returned with the - regiment:-- - - _Colonel._--Thaddeus L. Barker. - - _Lieutenant-Colonel._--James B. Smith. - - _Major._--Edward T. Raymond. - - _Adjutant._--Thomas H. Haskell. - - _Quartermaster._--Augustus H. Tuttle. - - _Surgeon._--Albert H. Bryant. - - _Chaplain._--Nathaniel Richardson. - - _Captains._--Ames, Marshall, Hodgkins, Fairbank, Burrage, Davidson, - and Woodward. - - _First Lieutenants._--Harwood, Perley, Cross, Osborne, Austin - Davis, Jonas H. Davis, Morrow, Mott, and Field. - - _Second Lieutenants._--Goodell, Phelps, Babcock, and Howe. - -On Monday, June 19th, at four o'clock P.M., the regiment assembled at -Readville, was paid in full, and discharged from the service of the -United States, and its record in the suppression of the Great Rebellion -passed into history. - - - - -CHAPTER XXVIII. - -CONCLUSION. - - -This narrative of the prominent events in the campaigns of the -regiment, its enrolment, journeys, marches, battles, camps, and final -discharge, conveys but little idea of its interior history, the -associations of its members with each other, the routine of army life, -and the daily experience of the individual soldier. All this is a -portion of that unwritten history impressed indelibly upon the memory -of the surviving members. - -A spirit of fraternity and good-will pervaded the regiment throughout -its term of service. It was a compact, homogeneous body of men, -remarkably free from envy, strife, and jealousy. It came into the -service under the second call for three hundred thousand men for three -years. The early enthusiasm, caused by the breaking out of the war, had -in a measure subsided. The military service was known to be arduous, -dangerous, and severe. Hardship, hunger, disease, battle, and death -must be confronted, and this very fact was the inspiration of the -hour. Men knew that the war was likely to continue for the full term -of their enlistment. The regiment was composed of good material. While -there were many men above the age of thirty-five, and many even above -the age of forty-five, yet the number of young men was so largely in -excess of these that the average age of the entire regiment was hardly -twenty-four years. - -It was composed, in the main, of men of good moral character. But few -were addicted to the vice of intemperance. The hard-earned pay was -carefully husbanded, and sent to those who needed it at home. Not an -officer or man was dismissed the service, or dishonorably discharged; -not an officer or man was court-martialled. The high standard of moral -character was due doubtless, in a great degree, to the influence of -home; but the example of many men of strong religious character, -prominent among whom were Orderly Sergeant White and the lamented -Sergeant Merrick, had much to do in maintaining the tone of morality. -All the vacancies existing among the commissioned officers were filled -by promotion from the rank and file. After the muster-in, in 1862, -not a commission, excepting to a chaplain, was issued to a person -outside the regiment, nor was there an appointment made from civil -life. Officers and enlisted men of the Thirty-sixth were commissioned -in other regiments, and many others, of all grades, were detailed to -various positions of trust and responsibility in the several divisions -and corps of the army. As we recall the names of those who received -appointments to honorable positions in other organizations we cannot -fail to remember and claim the following-named as our own: Captain -Prescott and Lieutenants Gird and Tucker were commissioned in the -Fifty-seventh Massachusetts. Prescott as Major, and Gird as Captain -sealed their devotion with their lives,--the first in the Crater, the -second in the Wilderness. Tucker rose to the command of his regiment, -after receiving fearful wounds, which hastened his death. Private -Swords of Company B, was commissioned Captain, was wounded at North -Anna, captured at Fort Stedman, and brevetted Major. Lieutenant Levi N. -Smith, of Company D, was called to a position of great responsibility -in the Commissary Department at army head-quarters, and was brevetted -Colonel for efficient services. Sergeant Brown, of Company B,--one of -the first of the Color Sergeants,--was commissioned Captain in the -Twelfth Kentucky, and won a medal of honor for gallantry at Franklin, -Tennessee. Private Snell, of Company E, and Corporals Benjamin Edmands -and Chapman, of Company B, were commissioned Lieutenants in different -regiments of colored troops, and rendered gallant service. The first -served upon the staff of General Crawford; the second won a good name -in South Carolina; and the third was killed in the great explosion -at Mobile, on the very day of our muster-out of service, leaving the -record of a gallant and faithful soldier. These are treasured as a part -of the contribution of the regiment to the cause of Freedom in other -organizations. - -Nor do we forget the many brave and faithful men, as worthy as any -of these, who served their entire term without any of the honors -and privileges conferred by rank: Sergeants, capable of commanding -companies, who were wounded in battle, and unable to rejoin their -comrades in the field; or were, in some cases, commissioned, but not -able to avail themselves of the rank on account of the reduced number -of men in their companies and consequent inability to muster; or, as in -the case of others, mustered-out of service as supernumerary Sergeants -by reason of consolidation and transfers, and others equally brave -and trusted, who toiled, and labored, and fought in the ranks with no -incentive but a desire to render their full measure of loyal service, -and who made a record of which they and their comrades may well be -proud. - -The associations born of common suffering and danger, and cemented by -battle-blood, have continued and strengthened with the lapse of time. -Soon after the war a Regimental Association was formed, which bears -the name of "The Burnside Association of the Thirty-sixth Regiment, -Massachusetts Volunteers." General Burnside, then Governor of Rhode -Island, acknowledged the receipt of an invitation to attend one of its -reunions in the following characteristic letter:-- - - STATE OF RHODE ISLAND, EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, - PROVIDENCE, Dec. 4, 1866. - - MY DEAR SIRS:--I am more than sorry not to be able to attend the - meeting of your Association to-morrow. The occasion would be - interesting to me, not only as the anniversary of the raising of - the siege of Knoxville, but as a reunion with my old comrades of - the Thirty-sixth. You know what good reasons I have for honoring - your gallant regiment. It served in the Ninth Corps from its first - arrival in the field until the close of the war, and made for - itself a record second to none in the service. The affection in - which I hold all its surviving members, and the reverence with - which I cherish the memory of the departed, have been begotten by a - long and pleasant acquaintance in the field as comrades in arms. My - best wishes and prayers will follow you through life. - - For the honor conferred upon me by calling your Association after - my name, please accept my warmest thanks. - - With the hope that I may have opportunities of meeting you at some - of your future anniversaries, and with the wish that you may have a - most joyful reunion, I remain, sincerely your friend, - - A. E. BURNSIDE. - - -The Annual Reunions of the regiment, held at Worcester on the 2d of -September, the anniversary of the departure of the Thirty-sixth for -the seat of war, have always been largely attended, and the sons of -the dead and the living comrades have been admitted to membership, -and participate in these seasons of festivity and cheer. At all these -gatherings we recall the memories of those who went forth with us never -to return. - - "How they went forth to die! - Pale, earnest, from the dizzy mills, - And sunburnt, from the harvest hills, - Quick, eager, from the city's streets, - And storm-tried, from the fisher's fleets,-- - How they went forth to die!" - - - - - ROSTER AND RECORD - OF THE - THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT OF INFANTRY, - MASSACHUSETTS VOLUNTEERS, - 1862-65. - - -The roster of commissioned officers contains the names and, as far -as can be ascertained, the full military record of all who were -commissioned in the Thirty-sixth Regiment, and the officers transferred -to it from the Twenty-first Regiment. The record of the enlisted men is -based upon the original muster-in rolls of the regiment by companies, -as appeared on the 27th of August, 1862, the day the regiment was -mustered into the service of the United States. The names of recruits -have been added to the companies into which they were mustered. The -record accounts for those only who were enlisted for the Thirty-sixth -Regiment. The names of the men of the Twenty-first and Twenty-ninth -regiments appear in the histories of their respective regiments. The -roster and record have been carefully compared with the rolls in the -office of the Adjutant General, who has furnished every facility in -obtaining as complete a record as it is now possible to make. - - - - -ROSTER OF THE OFFICERS. - - -FIELD AND STAFF. - - -COLONELS. - -HENRY BOWMAN. 28. Clinton. - -Captain, 15th Mass. Vols., Aug. 1, 1861; captured at Ball's Bluff, Oct. -21, 1861; prisoner of war at Richmond, and hostage for Confederates -held in New York for trial as pirates; paroled Feb. 22, 1862; exchanged -August, 1862; Major, 34th Mass. Vols., Aug. 6, 1862; Colonel, 36th -Mass. Vols., Aug. 22, 1862; commanding First Brigade, First Division, -9th Army Corps, June 1, 1863; resigned July 27, 1863; recommissioned -October, 1863; on special duty, Chief of Staff of Gen. Willcox, -commanding at Cumberland Gap and in East Tennessee, Nov. 21 to Dec. -25, 1863; rejoined regiment at Blaine's Cross Roads, Tenn., Dec. 26, -1863, but was unable to muster as Colonel, the regiment being below -the minimum; appointed Asst. Q.M. U.S. Vols., Feb. 29, 1864; was on -duty with Third Division, 9th Army Corps, during the Virginia campaign -of 1864, and was afterwards stationed at Baltimore and Philadelphia; -served at the latter place until the close of the war. - -THADDEUS L. BARKER. 36. Fitchburg. - -Captain, Co. A, Aug. 19, 1862; Major, May 6, 1864; commanding regiment -from May 6, 1864, to June 3, 1864, July 18 to Aug. 10, 1864, and from -Oct. 12, 1864, to close of the war; Lieutenant-Colonel, Oct. 12, 1864; -Colonel, Nov. 13, 1864, but unable to muster, the regiment being below -the minimum; wounded at Campbell's Station, Tenn., Nov. 16, 1863, and -Cold Harbor, Va., June 3, 1864; mustered out with the regiment, June 8, -1865, as Lieutenant-Colonel. - - -LIEUTENANT-COLONELS. - -JOHN B. NORTON. 39. Charlestown. - -First Lieutenant, 5th Mass. Vols. (3 months); Captain, July 8, 1861; -Captain, 34th Mass. Vols., Aug. 12, 1862; transferred to 36th Mass. -Vols., Aug. 22, 1862; Lieutenant-Colonel, Aug. 28, 1862; commanding -regiment, June 1 to July 30, 1863; resigned, July 30, 1863. - -ARTHUR A. GOODELL. 23. Worcester. - -Sergeant-Major, Third Battalion Rifles, M.V.M. (3 months), April 19, -1861; Adjutant, July 1, 1861; Captain, Co. C, 36th Mass. Vols., Aug. -16, 1862; Major, Jan. 29, 1863; Lieutenant-Colonel, July 31, 1863; -commanding regiment from that date until Oct. 10, 1863, when he was -severely wounded at Blue Springs, Tenn.; returned to regiment, April -1, 1864; resigned, May 5, 1864, in consequence of disability resulting -from wounds; Brevet Brigadier-General U.S. Vols., "for gallant and -meritorious conduct in the field during the war"; died at Worcester, -Mass., June 30, 1882, on his 43d birthday. - -WILLIAM F. DRAPER. 21. Milford. - -Private, 25th Mass. Vols., Sept. 9, 1861; Second Lieutenant, Oct. 12, -1861; First Lieutenant, April 25, 1862; on detached duty with U.S. -Signal Corps in North Carolina; Captain, Co. F, 36th Mass. Vols., -Aug. 12, 1862; Major, July 31, 1863; Lieutenant-Colonel, May 6, 1864; -commanding regiment from Oct. 10, 1863, with the exception of a few -days in April, 1864, to May 6, 1864, when he was severely wounded at -the battle of the Wilderness; returned to the command of the regiment, -Aug. 10, 1864, and continued until his muster-out, Oct. 12, 1864, upon -the expiration of three years' service; Brevet Colonel and Brevet -Brigadier-General, U.S. Vols., "for gallant and meritorious services in -the field during the war." - -JAMES B. SMITH. 23. Cambridge. - -First Lieutenant, 25th Mass. Vols., Oct. 12, 1861; Captain, Co. K, 36th -Mass. Vols., Aug. 22, 1862; commanding regiment from June 3, 1864, to -July 18, 1864; Major, Oct. 12, 1864; Lieutenant-Colonel, Nov. 13, 1864, -but was unable to be mustered in that grade, the regiment being below -the minimum; Provost-Marshal, Second Division, 9th Army Corps, July 20, -1864, to close of the war; wounded in action at battle of Pegram Farm, -Sept. 30, 1864; mustered out with the regiment, June 8, 1865, as Major; -Brevet Colonel, U.S. Vols., "for gallant and meritorious services in -the field during the war." - - -MAJORS. - -JAMES H. BARKER. 44. Milford. - -Major, Aug. 28, 1862; resigned, Jan. 29, 1863. - -EDWARD T. RAYMOND. 20. Worcester. - -Sergeant, Co. K, 25th Mass. Vols., Sept. 10, 1861; First Lieutenant, -Co. G, 36th Mass. Vols., Aug. 22, 1862; Captain, Jan. 30, 1863; Acting -Assist. Inspector-General, First Brigade, First Division, 9th Army -Corps, from June 3, 1863, until the reorganization of the Corps at -Annapolis, April 20, 1864, when he was assigned to the same position -in First Brigade, Second Division; Acting Assistant Inspector-General, -Second Division, 9th Army Corps, Oct. 13, 1864, to the close of the -war, serving temporarily for two months, in 1864, as Inspector-General -of the 9th Corps; Major, Nov. 13, 1864, but unable to muster, the -regiment being below the minimum; mustered out with the regiment, -June 8, 1865, as Captain; Brevet Major, U.S. Vols., "for gallant -and meritorious services during the operations around Richmond and -Petersburg, Va." - - -SURGEONS. - -JAMES P. PRINCE. 24. Lynn. - -Assistant Surgeon, 22d Mass. Vols., Oct. 1, 1861; Surgeon, 36th Mass. -Vols., Aug. 13, 1862; Division Surgeon, First Division, 9th Army -Corps, Feb. 11, 1864, and upon the reorganization of the Corps, April -20, 1864, was assigned to duty as Division Surgeon, Fourth Division, -9th Army Corps; appointed Surgeon, U.S. Vols., May 3, 1865; Brevet -Lieutenant-Colonel, U.S. Vols. - -ALBERT H. BRYANT. 25. Natick. - -Private, Co. H, 13th Mass. Vols., July 16, 1861; discharged, May 20, -1862, to receive appointment as Surgeon, 9th New York Vols.; declined -commission; Assistant Surgeon, 36th Mass. Vols., Aug. 29, 1862; -Surgeon, 58th Mass. Vols., Aug. 12, 1864; declined commission; Surgeon, -May 4, 1865; mustered out with the regiment, June 8, 1865. From Feb. -11, 1864, until the close of the war he was the only medical officer on -duty with the regiment. - - -ASSISTANT SURGEONS. - -WARREN TYLER. 42. North Brookfield. - -Assistant Surgeon, Aug. 21, 1862; resigned, Oct. 20, 1863; appointed -Asst. Surgeon, 57th Mass. Vols., March 29, 1864; declined commission. - -THOMAS C. LAWTON. 28. Sheffield. - -Assistant Surgeon, Aug. 15, 1862; declined commission; commissioned -Assistant Surgeon, 37th Mass. Vols. - - -CHAPLAINS. - -CHARLES T. CANFIELD. 38. Worcester. - -Chaplain, Aug. 28, 1862; resigned, Oct. 20, 1863. - -NATHANIEL RICHARDSON. 57. Somerset. - -Chaplain, April 14, 1864; mustered out with the regiment. - - -ADJUTANTS. - -SETH ALONZO RANLETT. 22. Charlestown. - -Private, Co. B, July 24, 1862; First Sergeant, Aug. 27, 1862; First -Lieutenant, Dec. 1, 1862; appointed Adjutant, Dec. 17, 1862; mustered -out on account of physical disability from disease incurred in the -service February 20, 1864. Previous to the appointment of Adjutant -Ranlett, from Sept. 2 to Dec. 17, 1862, the field duties of Adjutant -were performed by First Lieutenant George L. Chipman, Co. A. - -WILLIAM H. HODGKINS. 22. Charlestown. - -Private, Co. B, July 23, 1862; Second Lieutenant, Oct. 17, 1862; -Acting Adjutant, Jan. 19, 1863, to May 31, 1863; Acting Assistant -Adjutant-General, First Brigade, First Division, 9th Army Corps, June -1 to July 30, 1863; First Lieutenant, Oct. 17, 1863; on special duty, -Aide-de-Camp to General Willcox, in East Tennessee, Nov. 22 to Dec. -26, 1863; Adjutant, from Jan. 1, 1864, to July 14, 1864, and Acting -Adjutant to Aug. 21, 1864; Captain, May 6, 1864; Aide-de-Camp to -General Ferrero, commanding Fourth Division, and Assistant Commissary -of Musters, Fourth Division, Aug. 21, 1864, and was transferred with -that Division to the Army of the James; Asst. Commissary of Musters, -Third Division, 9th Army Corps, General Hartranft, commanding, from -Jan. 11, 1865, to close of the war; mustered out with the regiment, -June 8, 1865. Brevet Major, U.S. Vols., "for valuable and distinguished -services at Fort Stedman, Va., March 25, 1865." - -THOMAS H. HASKELL. 21. Charlestown. - -Private, Co. B, July 24, 1862; Corporal, March 21, 1862; First -Sergeant, Nov. 8, 1863. Severely wounded at battle of Spottsylvania -Court-House, May 12, 1864. First Lieutenant, May 6, 1864; commanding -Co. B, July 10, to Aug. 21, 1864; Adjutant, Aug. 21, 1864, to close of -the war; mustered out with the regiment, June 8, 1865. - - -QUARTERMASTERS. - -FRANCIS B. RICE. 28. Worcester. - -First Lieutenant and Regimental Quartermaster, Aug. 8, 1862; resigned, -June 25, 1863. - -JOHN C. CUTTER. 34. Winchendon. - -Second Lieutenant, Co. D, Aug. 22, 1862; First Lieutenant, July 17, -1863; Regimental Quartermaster, from July 1, 1863; resigned, January 2, -1864. - -AUGUSTUS S. TUTTLE. 38. Milford. - -Second Lieutenant, Co. F, July 28, 1862; recruited the Company and -commanded it until the arrival of Captain Draper, Sept., 1862; Brigade -Ambulance Officer, from March 1 to June 17, 1863; First Lieutenant, -May 16, 1863; Division Ambulance Officer, June 17, 1863, to Dec., -1863; Regimental Quartermaster, Jan. 2, 1864, declining Commission as -Captain, to July 1, 1864, when he was appointed Acting A.Q.M., First -Brigade, Second Division, 9th Army Corps, and served in that capacity -to the close of the war; mustered out with the regiment, June 8, 1865. - -LUCIUS FIELD. 22. Clinton. - -Private, Co. G, Aug. 18, 1862; Commissary Sergeant, Oct. 15, 1862; -Quartermaster Sergeant, May 25, 1863; Acting Quartermaster, Nov. -16, 1863, to Jan. 2, 1864; Second Lieutenant, Nov. 1, 1864; First -Lieutenant, Nov. 13, 1864; not mustered; Acting Quartermaster from July -1, 1864, to close of the war; mustered out with the regiment, June 8, -1865, as Second Lieutenant. - - -LINE OFFICERS. - - -CAPTAINS. - -CHRISTOPHER SAWYER. 28. Templeton. - -Captain, Co. H, Aug. 22, 1862; discharged for disability, Feb. 19, 1864. - -STEPHEN C. WARRINER. 23. Monson. - -Sergeant, 10th Mass. Vols., June 12, 1861; Captain, Co. E, 36th Mass. -Vols., Aug. 22, 1862; resigned, April 22, 1864. - -CHRISTOPHER S. HASTINGS. 48. Berlin. - -Captain, Co. I, August 22, 1862; died at Mound City, Illinois, General -Hospital, Sept. 8, 1863. He was the senior officer, in years, in the -regiment, and was universally respected. His age exempted him from -military service, but he obeyed the instincts of patriotism, and -yielded his life at his country's call. His fellow-citizens bestowed -upon him important trusts, which he fulfilled with rare fidelity. He -was a brave, cheerful, patriotic man, winning the affection of his men, -who regarded him as a father. - -AMOS BUFFUM. 38. Templeton. - -Second Lieutenant, 25th Mass. Vols., Oct. 12, 1861; resigned, March 31, -1862; Captain, Co. D, 36th Mass. Vols., Aug. 22, 1862; killed in action -near Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. - -S. HENRY BAILEY. 27. Northborough. - -Captain, Co. G, Aug. 22, 1862; Acting Assistant Inspector-General, on -staff of General Ferrero, commanding First Division, 9th Army Corps, -Nov., 1863, to April 1, 1864; killed in action at Spottsylvania, Va., -May 12, 1864. - -ALBERT PRESCOTT. 33. Charlestown. - -First Sergeant, Co. K, 5th Mass. V.M. (3 months), April 19, 1861, to -July 31, 1861; First Sergeant, Co. B, 36th Mass. Vols., July 30, 1862; -Captain Co. B, Aug. 28, 1862; resigned, April 29, 1863; Captain, 57th -Mass. Vols., March 2, 1864; Major, June 15, 1864; killed in the Battle -of the Mine, near Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864. - -OTIS W. HOLMES. 27. Milford. - -Sergeant, 25th Mass. Vols., Sept. 9, 1861; First Sergeant, April 15, -1862; First Lieutenant, Co. F, 36th Mass. Vols., Aug. 12, 1862; Captain -Co. B, May 2, 1863; died in Harewood General Hospital, Washington, -D.C., June 23, 1864, of wounds received in action in the assault upon -the enemy's works, near Petersburg, Va., on the morning of June 17, -1864. - -T. EDWARD AMES. 24. Charlestown. - -First Lieutenant, 34th Mass. Vols., Aug. 12, 1862; transferred to -Co. B, 36th Mass. Vols., Aug. 22, 1862; Acting Aide-de-Camp to -Brigadier-General Welsh, commanding 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 9th -Army Corps, in November, 1862; Captain Co. F, Aug. 2, 1863; Acting -A.A.G. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 9th Army Corps, Oct. 8, 1864, and -Acting Aide-de-Camp to Brevet Brigadier-General Curtin, commanding -brigade, to the close of the war; mustered out with the regiment, June -8, 1865; Brevet Major, U.S. Vols., "for gallant and meritorious conduct -before Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865." - -EDWIN A. MORSE. 21. Worcester. - -Private, Co. A, 3d Battalion Rifles, May 19, 1861; discharged for -disability, July 24, 1861; Corporal, 25th Mass. Vols., Sept. 14, 1861; -First Lieutenant, Co. C, 36th Mass. Vols., Aug. 22, 1862; Captain, Co. -C, Sept. 9, 1863; severely wounded at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864; -mustered out at expiration of three years' service, Oct. 12, 1864. - -JOSEPH A. MARSHALL. 21. Fitchburg. - -Private, Co. B, 15th Mass. Vols., July 12, 1861; Second Lieutenant, Co. -A, 36th Mass. Vols., Nov. 22, 1862; First Lieutenant, Sept. 1, 1863; -Captain, April 23, 1864; wounded at the Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864; -mustered out with the regiment, June 8, 1865. - -JOHN B. FAIRBANK. 23. Oakham. - -First Sergeant, Co. K, Aug. 11, 1862; Second Lieutenant, May 2, 1863; -First Lieutenant, Oct. 23, 1863; Captain, May 13, 1864; wounded at -Campbell's Station, Tenn., Nov. 16, 1863; mustered out with the -regiment, June 8, 1865; Brevet Major, U.S. Vols., "for gallant and -meritorious services during the war." - -HENRY S. BURRAGE. 25. Roxbury. - -Sergeant, Co. A, Aug. 1, 1862; Sergeant-Major, Aug. 28, 1862; Second -Lieutenant, Co. D, May 16, 1863; First Lieutenant, Nov. 17, 1863; -wounded in action at Cold Harbor, Va., June 3, 1864; Captain, June -19, 1864; prisoner of war at Richmond and Danville, Va., from Nov. 1, -1864, to Feb. 22, 1865; Acting A.A.G., 1st Brigade, 2d Division, 9th -Army Corps, April 16, 1865, to June 8, 1865; Brevet Major, U.S. Vols., -"for gallant and meritorious services in the campaign from the Rapidan -to the James, March 13, 1865"; mustered out with the regiment, June 8, -1865. - -ALONZO S. DAVIDSON. 22. Clinton. - -Sergeant, Co. G, Aug. 11, 1862; Second Lieutenant, Aug. 2, 1863; not -mustered; Sergeant-Major, Oct. 15, 1863; First Lieutenant, April 24, -1864; Captain, June 23, 1864; mustered out with the regiment, June 8, -1865. - -PHILIP G. WOODWARD. 25. Orange. - -Sergeant, Co. H, Aug. 6, 1862; Second Lieutenant, Oct. 26, 1863; not -mustered; First Lieutenant, May 15, 1864; wounded in action at Cold -Harbor, Va., June 3, 1864; Captain, Oct. 11, 1864; mustered out with -the regiment, June 8, 1865. - -JOSEPH HANCOCK. 43. Milford. - -Sergeant, Co. F, Aug. 5, 1862; First Sergeant; Second Lieutenant, July -8, 1863; First Lieutenant, Feb. 25, 1864; Captain, Oct. 12, 1864; -mustered out with the regiment, June 8, 1865. - -AUSTIN DAVIS. 35. Oxford. - -First Lieutenant, Co. K, Aug. 22, 1862; Captain, Nov. 13, 1864; not -mustered; on detached service from Sept. 1, 1864; mustered out with the -regiment, June 8, 1865, as First Lieutenant. - - -FIRST LIEUTENANTS. - -JOSEPH W. GIRD. 22. Fitchburg. - -Private, Co. F, 25th Mass. Vols., Oct. 4, 1861; First Lieutenant, 36th -Mass. Vols., Aug. 11, 1862; resigned, May 19, 1863; Second Lieutenant, -57th Mass. Vols., Nov. 3, 1863; Captain, Dec. 31, 1863; killed in -action at battle of the Wilderness, May 6, 1864. - -ROBERT M. CROSS. 21. Palmer. - -First Lieutenant, Co. E, Aug. 22, 1862; on special duty, Acting -Aide-de-Camp to Colonel Leasure, commanding brigade, General Welsh -commanding division, and General Willcox commanding forces at -Cumberland Gap, 1863-1864; honorably discharged, July 24, 1864. - -LEVI N. SMITH. 39. Templeton. - -Sergeant, Co. A, 21st Mass. Vols., July 19, 1861; First Lieutenant, -Co. D, Aug. 22, 1862; on detached duty as Acting Commissary; appointed -Assistant Commissary of Subsistence, U.S. Vols., with rank of Captain, -June 30, 1863; on duty at Head-quarters, Army of the Potomac, and -served until the close of the war; Brevet Colonel, U.S. Vols., "for -faithful and meritorious services during the war." - -GEORGE L. CHIPMAN. 28. Fitchburg. - -Second Lieutenant, Co. A, Aug. 6, 1862; First Lieutenant, Aug. 22, -1862; Acting Adjutant, Sept. 7, 1862, to Dec. 20, 1862; resigned, Oct. -23, 1863. - -WILLIAM F. BRIGHAM. 23. Marlborough. - -First Lieutenant, Co. I, Aug. 22, 1862; discharged for disability, Jan. -20, 1865. - -HENRY S. ROBINSON. 31. Clinton. - -Second Lieutenant, Co. G, Aug. 22, 1862; First Lieutenant, Jan. 30, -1863; severely wounded in action at Blue Springs, Tenn., Oct. 10, 1863, -and was discharged for disability in consequence thereof, July 7, 1864. - -P. MARION HOLMES. 22. Charlestown. - -Private, Co. K, 5th Mass. Vols. (3 months), April 19 to July 31, 1861; -Second Lieutenant, 34th Mass. Vols., Aug. 8, 1862; transferred to 36th -Mass. Vols.; Second Lieutenant, Co. B, Aug. 22, 1862; First Lieutenant, -May 2, 1863; killed in action at Campbell's Station, Tenn., Nov. 16, -1863. - -HENRY W. DANIELS. 23. Worcester. - -Private, Co. A, 3d Battalion of Rifles (3 months), April 19, 1861; -discharged for disability, July 24, 1861; Second Lieutenant, Co. C, -Aug. 22, 1862; First Lieutenant, July 31, 1863; killed in action at -Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. - -FREDERICK H. SIBLEY. 24. Fitchburg. - -Sergeant, Co. B, 15th Mass. Vols., July 12, 1861; Second Lieutenant, -Co. I, 36th Mass. Vols., Aug. 22, 1862; First Lieutenant, Aug. 2, 1863; -died in U.S. General Hospital, Louisville, Ky., of disease contracted -in the Mississippi Campaign, Aug. 17, 1863. - -SAMUEL A. GOODSPEED. 38. Worcester. - -Sergeant, Co. C, Aug. 13, 1862; Color Sergeant to June 27, 1863; First -Sergeant, June 27, 1863; Second Lieutenant, July 17, 1863; First -Lieutenant, Jan. 3, 1864; resigned, April 22, 1864. - -JOHN A. RICE. 26. Worcester. - -First Sergeant, Co. C, Aug. 8, 1862; Sergeant Major, June 28, 1863; -Second Lieutenant, Co. C, July 30, 1863; Acting Adjutant, Oct. 17, -1863, to Jan. 1, 1864; First Lieutenant, Feb. 20, 1864; resigned, at -Annapolis, Md., April 22, 1864. - -EDWARD F. EMORY. 21. Fitchburg. - -Private, July 17, 1862; Commissary Sergeant, Aug. 27, 1862; Second -Lieutenant, Aug. 1, 1863, on detached service in Commissary Department; -First Lieutenant, Feb. 21, 1864; Acting A.C.S., Fourth Division, 9th -Army Corps, Hospital Department, April 21, 1864, to close of war; -mustered out with the regiment June 8, 1865. - -ALONZO A. WHITE. 29. Upton. - -First Sergeant, Co. I, Aug. 8, 1862; commissioned Second Lieutenant, -Co. I, July 31, 1863, but before the commission was received another -Second Lieutenant had been mustered and assigned to that company; was -in command of Co. I, as First Sergeant, during the East Tennessee -campaign, and until May 12, 1864, when he was very severely wounded at -the battle of Spottsylvania. While absent from the regiment, on account -of wounds, he was commissioned First Lieutenant, dating from April 23, -1864, and could not muster in that grade on account of absence from -the command. When he returned, in November, 1864, though not recovered -from his wounds, the regiment had been consolidated into seven -companies, and the 21st Battalion, of Mass. Vols., with its officers, -transferred to it. Companies G and I had been consolidated; and the -company having a Captain and First Lieutenant (all the officers allowed -by the existing regulations), and also a First Sergeant, Lieutenant -White, much against his wishes, was mustered out as a Supernumerary -First Sergeant, Nov. 11, 1864. It was a case of extreme hardship, and -after the close of the war a statement of the facts was made to the -War Department, and General Sherman, Acting Secretary of War, issued a -special order in the case of Lieutenant White, amending his record, and -giving him rank and pay as a First Lieutenant from April 23, 1864, the -date of his commission in that grade. - -DANIEL WRIGHT. 30. Clinton. - -Corporal, Co. F, Aug. 6, 1862; Sergeant, Oct. 1, 1862; Second -Lieutenant, Sept. 1, 1863; not mustered; First Lieutenant, April 23, -1864; wounded and captured while in command of the detachment of the -46th New York Vols. assigned to the 36th Mass. Vols., at the battle of -the Wilderness, May 6, 1864; prisoner of war in rebel field-hospital -from May 6 to June 1, 1864; Lynchburg hospital to June 30; Salisbury, -N.C., July 1; thence to Andersonville, July 4 to Sept. 1; Florence, -S.C., Sept. 4 to Dec. 17, 1864, when he was paroled; exchanged March -29, 1865; rejoined regiment April 1, 1865; was mustered in as First -Lieutenant, and assigned to Co. F, which he commanded from April 1, -1865, to the close of the war; mustered out with the regiment, June 8, -1865. - -JOHN A. STEARNS. 20. Templeton. - -Sergeant, Co. D, Aug. 6, 1862; First Sergeant, Oct. 11, 1862; First -Lieutenant, May 13, 1864, but was unable to muster, being absent by -reason of severe wounds received June 18, 1864, near Petersburg, Va., -and was discharged for disability caused by his wounds, Oct. 29, 1864, -as First Sergeant. - -HIRAM N. OLCOTT. 21. Clinton. - -Corporal, Co. G, Aug. 3, 1862; promoted Sergeant; Acting -Sergeant-Major, June 3, 1864, to June 18, 1864, when he was severely -wounded in action near Petersburg, Va.; First Lieutenant, June 19, -1864; not able to muster, absent wounded; discharged for disability -from wounds, Dec. 23, 1864, as Sergeant. - -GEORGE W. HARWOOD. 20. North Brookfield. - -Private, Co. E, Aug. 12, 1862; promoted Corporal; Sergeant, July, 1863; -First Lieutenant, June 23, 1864; mustered out with the regiment, June -8, 1865. - -SAMUEL OSBORN. 29. Leominster. - -Sergeant, Co. A, Aug. 2, 1862; First Sergeant; First Lieutenant, July -7, 1864; mustered out with the regiment. - -GEORGE A. PERLEY. 31. Gardner. - -Sergeant, Co. H, Aug. 28, 1862; First Sergeant, July 2, 1864; First -Lieutenant, Oct. 11, 1864; mustered out with the regiment. - -ALLEN W. CROSS. 29. Westborough. - -Sergeant, Co. K, Aug. 7, 1862; First Sergeant, May 2, 1863; First -Lieutenant, Co. B, Oct. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the regiment. - - -SECOND LIEUTENANTS. - -JULIUS M. TUCKER. 21. Worcester. - -Private, Co. B, 25th Mass. Vols., Sept. 16, 1863; Second Lieutenant, -Co. E, 36th Mass. Vols., Aug. 8, 1862; resigned, July 29, 1863; First -Lieutenant, 57th Mass. Vols., Jan. 1, 1864; Captain, Jan. 6, 1864; -Major, June 14, 1864; Lieutenant-Colonel, June 15, 1864; very severely -wounded in action; mustered out at the close of the war. - -WILDER S. HOLBROOK. 21. Sutton. - -Corporal, Co., 15th Mass. Vols., July 12, 1861; wounded in action -at Ball's Bluff, Va., Oct. 21, 1861; discharged for disability from -wounds, July 6, 1862; Second Lieutenant, Co. K, Aug. 22, 1862; resigned -on account of disability resulting from former wounds, July 31, 1863. - -WILLIAM L. HOWE. 23. Orange. - -Private, Co. H, Aug. 4, 1862; Second Lieutenant, Jan. 30, 1863; died of -disease at Milldale, Miss., July 7, 1863. - -RUFUS HOWE. 24. Marlborough. - -Sergeant, Co. I, Aug. 1, 1862; Second Lieutenant, Nov. 1, 1864; was in -command of Co. I, with rank of Sergeant, from May 12, 1864, to Nov. 1, -1864; mustered out with the regiment, June 8, 1865. - -EDMUND W. NOYES. 18. Charlestown. - -Private, Co. B, Aug. 11, 1862; Sergeant-Major, March 1, 1865; Second -Lieutenant, to date from Nov. 13, 1864; not mustered; mustered out with -the regiment, June 8, 1865, as Sergeant-Major. - -CHARLES W. WHITNEY. 21. Ashburnham. - -Private, Co. A, July 22, 1862; promoted Corporal and Sergeant; First -Sergeant, July 7, 1864; Second Lieutenant, Nov. 13, 1864; not mustered; -mustered out with the regiment, June 8, 1865, as First Sergeant. - -EDWARD CHAMBERLAIN. 20. Oakham. - -Private, Co. K, Aug. 4, 1862; promoted Corporal and Sergeant; First -Sergeant, Oct. 12, 1864; Second Lieutenant, Nov. 13, 1864; not -mustered; mustered out with the regiment, June 8, 1865, as First -Sergeant. - -LIBERTY W. FOSKETT. 22. Winchendon. - -Private, Co. D, Aug. 2, 1862; promoted Corporal and Sergeant; Acting -First Sergeant from May 13, 1864; wounded in action, June 17, 1864; -Second Lieutenant, Nov. 13, 1864; not mustered; mustered out with the -regiment, June 8, 1864, as First Sergeant. - -FREDERICK W. BOSWELL. 26. Worcester. - -Corporal, Co. C, Aug. 12; Sergeant, Aug. 1, 1863; First Sergeant, Dec. -4, 1864; Second Lieutenant, to date from Nov. 13, 1864; not mustered; -mustered out with the regiment, June 8, 1865, as First Sergeant. - -GILBERT N. RAWSON. 26. Worcester. - -Private, Co. C, Aug. 4, 1862; Corporal, June 11, 1863; Color-Sergeant -from May 6, 1864; Second Lieutenant, Nov. 29, 1864, declined -commission; mustered out with the regiment, June 8, 1865, as Sergeant. - - - COMMISSIONED OFFICERS OF THE TWENTY-FIRST REGIMENT MASSACHUSETTS - VOLUNTEERS TRANSFERRED TO THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT. - -CHARLES W. DAVIS. 35. Templeton. - -First Lieutenant, 21st Mass. Vols., Aug. 21, 1861; Captain, March 3, -1862; mustered out at expiration of three years' service as Captain, -March 3, 1865; Brevet Major, Lieutenant-Colonel, and Colonel, U.S. -Vols., "for gallant and meritorious service in the field during the -war." - -WILLIAM H. SAWYER. 26. New Salem. - -Sergeant, Co. K, 21st Mass. Vols., Aug. 23, 1861; First Sergeant, Oct. -26, 1862; First Lieutenant, April 26, 1863; Captain, Oct. 12, 1864; -mustered out with 36th Mass. Vols., June 8, 1865. - -FELIX MCDERMOTT. 26. Auburn. - -Sergeant, Co. F, 21st Mass. Vols., Aug. 23, 1861; First Lieutenant, -April 26, 1863; discharged from 36th Mass. Vols, for disability from -wounds, Nov. 21, 1864. - -JONAS R. DAVIS. 20. Templeton. - -Corporal, Co. A, 21st Mass. Vols., Aug. 23, 1861; promoted Sergeant and -First Sergeant; First Lieutenant, June 6, 1863; mustered out with 36th -Mass. Vols., June 8, 1865, expiration of service. - -ABNER R. MOTT. 23. Ware. - -Private, Co. I, 21st Mass. Vols., Aug. 23, 1861; promoted Corporal, -Sergeant, and First Sergeant; Second Lieutenant, Sept. 7, 1864; First -Lieutenant, Oct. 12, 1864; mustered out with 36th Mass. Vols., June 8, -1865, expiration of service. - -WILLIAM H. MORROW. 22. Barre. - -Private, Co. K, 21st Mass. Vols., Aug. 21, 1861; promoted Corporal, -Sergeant, and First Sergeant; Second Lieutenant, Sept. 7, 1864; First -Lieutenant, 36th Mass. Vols., Nov. 29, 1864; mustered out with the 36th -Mass. Vols., June 8, 1865, expiration of service. - -MARCUS M. COLLIS. 20. Palmer. - -Corporal, Co. H, 21st Mass. Vols., Aug. 23, 1861; promoted Sergeant and -First Sergeant; Second Lieutenant, 36th Mass. Vols., Nov. 13, 1864, -but being a prisoner of war, was not mustered; transferred to 56th -Mass. Vols., June 8, 1865; First Lieutenant, 56th Mass. Vols., June 26, -1865; mustered out with 56th Mass. Vols., July 12, 1865, expiration of -service, as First Sergeant. - -BENTON PHELPS. 24. Barre. - -Private, Co. K, 21st Mass. Vols., Aug. 23, 1861; promoted Corporal, -Sergeant, and First Sergeant; Second Lieutenant, 36th Mass. Vols., -Nov. 1, 1864; mustered out with the 36th Mass. Vols., June 8, 1865, -expiration of service. - -CHARLES L. GOODALE. 33. Amherst. - -Private, Co. H, 21st Mass. Vols., Aug. 23, 1861; promoted Corporal and -Sergeant; Second Lieutenant, 36th Mass. Vols., Nov. 1, 1864; mustered -out with the 36th Mass. Vols., June 8, 1865, expiration of service. - -CHARLES S. BABCOCK. 25. Leyden. - -Private, Co. I, 21st Mass. Vols., March 12, 1862; promoted Corporal and -Sergeant; Second Lieutenant, 36th Mass. Vols., Nov. 29, 1864; mustered -out with 36th Mass. Vols., June 8, 1865, expiration of service. - - * * * * * - -Commissions as Second Lieutenants were issued to Peter Dooley, -Cheshire, and Mason W. Tyler, Amherst, who were transferred to -Thirty-Seventh Regiment before joining for service; and to T. Sibley -Heald, Hubbardston; Edward A. Brown, Fitchburg; and William E. Shaw, -Shrewsbury, which were declined. - - -NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF, - -NOT ENUMERATED IN ROSTER OF COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. - -OSTENELLO WASHBURN. 19. Holyoke. - -Private, Co. K, Aug. 5, 1862; Sergeant, May 3, 1863; Sergeant-Major, -July 24, 1864; discharged Feb. 15, 1865, for disability resulting from -very severe wounds received in action at Pegram Farm, Sept. 30, 1864. - -JOSEPH H. SAWYER. 32. Bolton. - -Quartermaster Sergeant, Aug. 22, 1862; discharged for disability, Jan. -19, 1864, in consequence of amputation of the right leg, resulting from -the accidental discharge of a musket in camp, May 28, 1863. - -GEORGE T. PHELPS. 20. Harvard. - -Private, Co. G, Aug. 13, 1862; Quartermaster Sergeant, Oct. 4, 1864; -mustered out with the regiment, June 8, 1865. - -T. LYMAN ELLSWORTH. 29. Milford. - -Corporal, Co. F, Aug. 6, 1862; wounded at Jackson, Miss., July 11, -1863; Commissary Sergeant, Jan. 19, 1864; wounded at Fort Rice, April -2, 1865; discharged on account of disability from wounds, May 29, 1865. - -WILLIAM H. BLAKE. 29. Lynn. - -Hospital Steward, Aug. 14, 1862; discharged for disability, July 1, -1863. - -GEORGE F. PARISH. 42. Gardner. - -Private, Co. G, July 25, 1862; Hospital Steward, July 5, 1863; mustered -out with the regiment, June 8, 1865. - -ALFRED CHAFFIN. 43. Holden. - -Principal Musician, Aug. 22, 1862; discharged Nov. 30, 1862, by -general orders War Department, relative to the muster-out of Principal -Musicians, and leaders of bands. - -LORENZO C. STRICKLAND. 18. Palmer. - -Musician, Co. E, Aug. 15, 1862; Principal Musician, Nov. 30, 1862; -on detached service in the general hospital, at City Point, during -the summer and autumn of 1864, and his position was vacated on that -account; returned to the regiment in January, 1865; Principal Musician -from Jan. 8, 1865, to close of the war; mustered out with the regiment. - -JOHN GARDNER. 18. Worcester. - -Musician, Co. G, Aug. 15, 1862; appointed Principal Musician in the -absence of Strickland, in compliance with Regimental Order No. 27, -1864, for conspicuous bravery, to date from Sept. 1, 1864. Upon the -return of Strickland to the regiment, in January, 1865, he voluntarily -resigned in order that Strickland might resume his original position; -served to the close of the war as Musician of Co. B, and was mustered -out with the regiment. - - * * * * * - - ROSTER OF ENLISTED MEN. - - =============+====+=============+=============+========================== - Name and | | Residence, | Muster into | Remarks. - Rank. |Age.| or Place |U. S. | Termination of Service. - | |credited to. |Service. | - -------------+----+-------------+-------------+-------------------------- - =Company A.= | | | | - | | | | - _1st | | | | - Sergeant._ | | | | - | | | | - Webb, Robert | 34 |Fitchburg. |July 14, '62.|Killed in action, at - F. | | | |Poplar Spring Church, - | | | |Va., Sept. 30, '64. - | | | | - _Sergeants._ | | | | - | | | | - Burrage, | 25 |Roxbury. |Aug. 1, '62. |See commissioned officers. - Henry S. | | | | - | | | | - Foster, | 20 |Ashburnham. |July 13, '62.|Discharged for - Waldo A. | | | |disability, May 30, '63. - | | | | - Keyes, | 23 |Princeton. |July 21, '62.|Killed in action near - George E. | | | |Petersburg, Va., June 17, - | | | |'64. - | | | | - Osborn, | 29 |Leominster. |Aug. 2, '62. |See commissioned officers. - Samuel | | | | - | | | | - _Corporals._ | | | | - | | | | - Bacon, John | 36 |Blackstone. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged for - | | | |disability, January 17, - | | | |1863. - | | | | - Bruce, | 21 |Townsend. |July 22, '62.|Discharged for - Leonard O. | | | |disability, April 29, '63. - | | | | - Goodrich, | 20 |Leominster. |Aug. 6, '62. |Died of disease, Dec. 31, - Leonard. | | | |'62. - | | | | - Hartwell, | 21 |Groton. |Aug. 7, '62. |Promoted Sergeant. Died - Adam J. | | | |Jan. 21, '64, at Camp - | | | |Nelson, Ky. - | | | | - Knights, | 20 |Fitchburg. |July 21, '62.|Promoted Sergeant. - George E. | | | |Died Sept. 3, '63, at - | | | |Nicholasville, Ky. - | | | | - Mills, | 30 |Fitchburg. |Aug. 5, '62. |Discharged for - Hamilton A. | | | |disability, Dec. 24, '63. - | | | | - Thornton, | 18 |Fitchburg. |July 14, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - John J. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Wetherbee, | 18 |Fitchburg. |July 22, '62.|Promoted Sergeant. - Aaron F. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - _Musicians._ | | | | - | | | | - Lamb, | 18 |Groton. |July 21, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Chester F. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Lamb, Levi L.| 21 |Groton. |July 21, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - _Wagoner._ | | | | - | | | | - Whittemore, | 34 |Groton. |July 30, '62.|On detached duty from - Charles F. | | | |Nov. 1, '62; discharged, - | | | |June 8, '65, - | | | | - _Privates._ | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Alexander, | 21 |Blackstone. |Aug. 11, '62.|Killed in action at - James M. | | | |Spottsylvania, Va., May - | | | |12, '64. - | | | | - Ames, Thomas | 19 |Leominster. |July 14, '62.|Promoted Corporal and - J. | | | |Sergeant. Wounded in - | | | |action, June 18, '64; - | | | |discharged, June 17, '65, - | | | |order of War Department. - | | | | - Arnold, | 18 |Leominster. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - George S. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Bachelder, | 23 |Fitchburg. |Aug. 8, '62. |Died, Nov. 16, '63, at - Joseph H. | | | |Camp Nelson, Ky. - | | | | - Barber, | 26 |Fitchburg. |July 26, '62.|Transferred to V. R. C., - Charles S. | | | |May 31, '64. - | | | | - Battles, | 20 |Fitchburg. |July 21, '62.|Discharged, June 8,'65, - Frederick C. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Beals, | 22 |Lunenburg. |July 22, '62.|Discharged for - Foster E. L. | | | |disability, Feb. 5, '63. - | | | | - Bixby, Aaron | 23 |Fitchburg. |Aug. 12, '62.|Transferred to V. R. C., - B. | | | |Sept. 30, '63. - | | | | - Bradley, | 22 |Blackstone. |Aug. 8, '62. |Transferred to V. R. C., - Oscar L. | | | |Sept. 30, '63. - | | | | - Brooks, Luke | 32 |Leominster. |Aug. 2, '62. |Transferred to V. R. C., - W. | | | |Dec. 19, '63. - | | | | - Brown, John. | 44 |Fitchburg. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Burlingame, | 22 |Blackstone. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - William H. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Carter, | 18 |Leominster. |Aug. 25, '62.|Promoted Corporal. Killed - Albert H. | | | |in action at Wilderness, - | | | |Va., May 6, '64. - | | | | - Carter, | 19 |Leominster. |Aug. 21, '62.|Wounded in action, June - Solon H. | | | |6, '64; discharged for - | | | |disability from wounds, - | | | |June, 16, '65. - | | | | - Chamberlain, | 24 |Holden. |Aug. 7, '62. |Killed in action at - Levi. | | | |Spottsylvania, Va., May - | | | |12, '64. - | | | | - Chase, | 19 |Fitchburg. |Aug. 6, '62. |Died, Jan. 10, '65, of - Joseph W. | | | |wounds received at Fort - | | | |Rice, near Petersburg, Va. - | | | | - Cook, Thomas | 37 |Fitchburg. |Aug. 17, '62.|Transferred to V. R. C., - J. | | | |April 6, '64. - | | | | - Coyle, | 29 |Fitchburg. |Aug. 28, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Andrew. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Damon, | 18 |Leominster. |Aug. 4, '62. |Discharged for - George B. | | | |disability, Jan. 28, '63. - | | | | - Derby, | 23 |Leominster. |July 24, '62.|Promoted Corporal and - Charles H. | | | |Sergeant. Killed in - | | | |action at North Anna - | | | |River, Va., May 24, '64. - | | | | - Farrar, | 18 |Holden. |Aug. 2, '62. |Promoted Corporal. - Charles E. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Fernald, | 20 |Blackstone. |Aug. 3, '62. |Died of disease, April - William H. | | | |30, '64, at Hall's Gap, - | | | |Ky. - | | | | - Frederick, | 23 |Townsend. |July 30, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Elisha H. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Frederick, | 25 |Fitchburg. |July 30, '62.|Discharged for - George H. | | | |disability, Nov. 21, '62. - | | | | - French, John | 23 |Fitchburg. |July 26, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - A. | | | |expiration of service; - | | | |absent, wounded. - | | | | - Fuller, | 20 |Fitchburg. |Aug. 15, '62.|Discharged for - Marshall. | | | |disability, March 20, '63. - | | | | - Gallop, | 31 |Leominster. |Aug. 3, '62. |Promoted Corporal and - Leroy R. | | | |Sergt. Killed in action - | | | |at Campbell's Station, - | | | |Tenn., Nov. 16, '63. - | | | | - Gibson | 29 |Fitchburg. |July 3, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C., - Andrew C. | | | |May 31, '64. - | | | | - Gibson, | 36 |Leominster. |Aug. 2, '62. |On detached duty - George P. | | | |in Commis'ry Dept. - | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Greenman, | 26 |Blackstone. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - James H. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Hamilton, | 24 |Fitchburg. |Aug. 14, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - James R. | | | |July 1, '63. - | | | | - Hancock, | 31 |Fitchburg. |July 14, '62.|Reported as a deserter, - Joseph | | | |June 8, '63. - | | | | - Howe, | 22 |Leominster. |July 22, '62.|Promoted Corporal. - Franklin | | | |Killed in action at - | | | |Spottsylvania, Va., May - | | | |12, '64. - | | | | - Humes, Joseph| 20 |Ashburnham. |July 28, '62.|Promoted Corp. and - | | | |Sergeant. Died of wounds - | | | |received in action at - | | | |Cold Harbor, Va., June 3, - | | | |'64. Acting Sergt.-Major. - | | | | - Hurd, | 32 |Fitchburg. |July 22, '62.|Reported as a deserter, - Charles E. | | | |May 2, '63. - | | | | - Johnson, | 19 |Leominster. |July 29, '62.|Discharged for - Windsor C. | | | |disability, Feb. 10, '63. - | | | | - Larkin, | 20 |Fitchburg. |Aug. 6, '62. |Reported as a deserter, - Michael | | | |March 29, '63. - | | | | - Long, Michael| 20 |Fitchburg. |July 17, '62.|Promoted Corp. - | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Mack, George | 18 |Fitchburg. |July 21, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - W. | | | |March 5, '65. - | | | | - Mahan, Thomas| 24 |Fitchburg. |Aug. 5, '62. |Died of disease, April - | | | |20, '64, at Annapolis, - | | | |Md. Prisoner of war. - | | | | - Makepeace, | 38 |Fitchburg. |July 13, '62.|Discharged for - Francis A. | | | |disability, Dec. 8, '62. - | | | | - Marshall, | 24 |Worcester. |Aug. 15, '62.|Discharged for - James A. | | | |disability, Dec. 8, - | | | |'62; was left sick at - | | | |Worcester, Mass. - | | | | - May, Thomas | 21 |Fitchburg. |July 29, '62.|Promoted Corp. and Sergt. - | | | |Discharged, June 2, '65, - | | | |in consequence of wounds - | | | |received in action at - | | | |North Anna River, Va., - | | | |May 24, '64. - | | | | - McIntire, | 31 |Lunenburg. |July 18, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - George H. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Meads, | 38 |Leominster. |Aug. 3, '62. |On detached duty. - Stillman A. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Morgan, | 27 |Leominster. |July 25, '62.|Appointed Wagoner. - Lewis W. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65; - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Murphy, | 20 |Fitchburg. |Aug. 9, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C., - Patrick W. | | | |and discharged, July 2, - | | | |'65. - | | | | - Oakes, Thomas| 36 |Fitchburg. |Aug. 6, '62. |Killed in the trenches in - | | | |front of Petersburg, Va., - | | | |Aug. 4, '64. - | | | | - O'Brien, | 32 |Fitchburg. |Aug. 5, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C., - William | | | |and discharged, July 2, - | | | |'65. - | | | | - Osborn, | 38 |Leominster. |Aug. 2, '62. |Discharged for - Andrew B. | | | |disability, April 22, '63. - | | | | - Osborn, | 22 |Fitchburg. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Wesley J. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Page, | 21 |Leominster. |Aug. 8, '62. |Promoted Corp. - Charles D. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Patch, | 18 |Leominster. |July 21, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Ebenezer | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Perkins, | 20 |Ashburnham. |July 24, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Francis H. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Petts, | 18 |Westminster. |July 29, '62.|Taken prisoner in - Augustus | | | |action, at Campbell's - | | | |Station, Tenn. Died at - | | | |Andersonville, Ga., Aug. - | | | |12, '64. - | | | | - Phelps, | 22 |Fitchburg. |July 18, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Charles | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Pitts, | 18 |Lunenburg. |Aug. 9, '62. |Discharged for - George S. | | | |disability, June --, '63. - | | | | - Pitts, | 21 |Lunenburg. |Aug. 9, '62. |Discharged for - Samuel, Jr. | | | |disability, Jan. 20, '63. - | | | | - Pollard, | 35 |Fitchburg. |Aug. 4, '63. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Augustus | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Porter, S. | 24 |Leominster. |Aug. 3, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C., - Dwight | | | |Oct. 7, 1863. - | | | | - Prue, Aaron | 24 |Fitchburg. |July 13, '62.|Discharged for - G. | | | |disability, Jan. 20, '63. - | | | | - Robinson, | 18 |Leominster. |Aug. 8, '62. |Promoted Corp. - Charles H. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Sherridan, | 26 |Fitchburg. |Aug. 7, '62. |Promoted Corp. - Barney | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Sinclair, | 19 |Leominster. |July 25, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - George A. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Sinor, | 18 |Fitchburg. |July 13, '62.|Discharged, March 21, - William H. | | | |'64, for disability from - | | | |wounds received in action - | | | |at Campbell's Station, - | | | |Tenn., Nov. 16, '63. - | | | | - Smith, | 19 |Leominster. |Aug. 2, '62. |Reported as a deserter, - Charles | | | |Jan. 20, '64. - | | | | - Smith, | 21 |Fitchburg. |Aug. 14, '62.|Promoted Sergt. - George M. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Smith, Henry | 19 |Leominster. |Aug. 1, '62. |Discharged for - R. | | | |disability, Feb. 27, '63. - | | | | - Smith, | 19 |Fitchburg. |July 22, '62.|Promoted Corp. - Orange F. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Stearns, | 18 |Leominster. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Charles W. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Stearns, | 19 |Blackstone. |Aug. 8, '62. |Promoted Corp. and Sergt. - George A. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Stockwell, | 19 |Fitchburg. |July 17, '62.|Died of disease, Sept. - Orwell L. | | | |21, '62. - | | | | - Sullivan, | 32 |Leominster. |July 26, '62.|Promoted Corp. Died - Eugene | | | |of disease, at - | | | |Nicholasville, Ky., Sept. - | | | |1, '63. - | | | | - Sullivan, | 18 |Fitchburg. |July 26, '62.|Promoted Corp. - John | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Taylor, | 36 |Fitchburg. |July 22, '62.|Discharged for - Henry S. | | | |disability, Sept. 29, '63. - | | | | - Thompson, | 18 |Fitchburg. |July 21, '62.|Discharged for disability - Henry A. | | | |from wounds, Jan. 13, '65. - | | | | - Tucker, | 37 |Holden. |Aug. 6, '62. |Prisoner of war. Died at - Alfred S. | | | |Salisbury, N. C., Feb., - | | | |'65. - | | | | - Whitney, | 21 |Ashburnham. |July 22, '62.|See commissioned officers. - Charles W. | | | | - | | | | - Winch, Caleb | 36 |Fitchburg. |July 25, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Wood, Aaron | 18 |Westminster. |July 24, '62.|Discharged for - W. | | | |disability, Mar. 25, '63. - | | | | - Wood, | 19 |Westminster. |July 28, '62.|Discharged for - Francis A. | | | |disability, May 12, '64. - | | | | - Worcester, | 30 |Fitchburg. |July 24, '62.|Discharged for - John | | | |disability, Jan. 3, '63. - | | | | - _Recruits._ | | | | - | | | | - Banforth, | 27 |Northampton. |Aug. 25, '64.|Transferred to 56th Mass. - Frederick | | | |Vols., June 8, '65. - | | | | - Banforth, | 21 |Lowell. |Sept. 13, |Transferred to 56th Mass. - Herman L. | | |'64. |Vols., June 8, '65. - | | | | - Chiller, | 18 |Winchendon. |Jan. 4, '64. |Transferred to 56th Mass. - Frank | | | |Vols., June 8, '65. - | | | | - Easler, | 18 |Leominster. |Dec. 7, '63. |Transferred to 56th Mass. - Richard | | | |Vols., June 8, '65. - | | | | - Easler, | 41 |Boston. |Feb. 19, '64.|Transferred to 56th Mass. - William A. | | | |Vols., June 8, '65. - | | | | - Merrick, | 38 |Northampton. |Aug. 5, '64. |Transferred to 56th Mass. - Michael | | | |Vols., June 8, '65. - | | | | - Merritt, | 18 |Heath. |Sept. 7, '64.|Transferred to 56th Mass. - George S. | | | |Vols., June 8, '65. - | | | | - =Company B.= | | | | - | | | | - _1st | | | | - Sergeant._ | | | | - | | | | - Ranlett, S. | 22 |Charlestown. |July 24, '62.|See commissioned officers. - Alonzo | | | | - | | | | - _Sergeants._ | | | | - | | | | - Brown, John | 29 |Charlestown. |July 23, '62.|Color-Sergt. Capt. 12th - H. | | | |Kentucky Vols., Sept. - | | | |26, '63, and served to - | | | |the close of the war. - | | | |Received medal of honor - | | | |for gallantry in action - | | | |at Franklin, Tenn. - | | | | - Crosby, | 27 |Charlestown. |Aug. 9, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Edwin F. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Goff, Peter | 32 |Charlestown. |Aug. 10, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - M. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Simpson, | 35 |Charlestown. |Aug. 9, '62. |Promoted 1st Sergeant. - James W. | | | |Discharged for - | | | |disability, Sept. 26, '63. - _Corporals._ | | | | - | | | | - Ames, | 22 |Stoneham. |July 15, '62.|Promoted Sergt. - William S. | | | |Discharged for - | | | |disability, Oct, 21, '64. - | | | | - Call, Wm. S. | 32 |Charlestown. |Aug. 10, '62.|Died of disease, at - | | | |Falmouth, Va., Jan. 21, - | | | |'63. - | | | | - Crafts, G. | 24 |Charlestown. |July 24, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - Frank | | | |May 31, '64. - | | | | - Davis, Obed | 24 |Charlestown. |July 24, '62.|Killed in action at - R. | | | |Spottsylvania, Va., May - | | | |12, '64. - | | | | - Dow, James A.| 34 |Charlestown. |July 19, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - | | | |and discharged for - | | | |disability, June 29, '65. - | | | | - Patten, | 21 |Charlestown. |July 15, '62.|Discharged for - George W. | | | |disability, May 4, '64. - | | | | - Raymond, | 22 |Charlestown. |Aug. 1, '62. |Promoted Sergt. In - Charles. | | | |consequence of disability - | | | |from wounds received in - | | | |action was transferred to - | | | |V.R.C., Mar. 15, '65. - | | | | - Todd, Henry | 25 |Charlestown. |July 26, '62.|Promoted Sergt. - | | | |Color-Sergt., March 1, - | | | |'64. Killed in action at - | | | |Wilderness, Va., May 6, - | | | |'64. - | | | | - _Musicians._ | | | | - | | | | - Robinson, | 18 |Charlestown. |July 23, '62.|Discharged for - Edward A. | | | |disability, Nov. 21, '62. - | | | | - Stocking, | 19 |Charlestown. |Aug. 1, '62. |Discharged for - Edward | | | |disability, Sept. 4, '63. - | | | | - _Wagoner._ | | | | - | | | | - Kimball, A. | 33 |Charlestown. |Aug. 1, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - W. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - _Privates._ | | | | - | | | | - Abbott, | 26 |Charlestown. |Aug. 11, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Joseph W. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Abbott, | 20 |Charlestown. |Aug. 6, '62. |Promoted Corp. - Louis P. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Abbott, | 29 |Charlestown. |Aug. 11, '62.|Discharged for - Nathan E. | | | |disability, Jan. 11, '64. - | | | | - Baxter, | 21 |Charlestown. |Aug. 4, '62. |Discharged for - Clarence | | | |disability, April 29, '64. - | | | | - Blanchard, | 18 |Charlestown. |Aug. 1, '62. |Promoted Corp. - E. M. R. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Bradford, | 19 |Charlestown. |July 15, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - George F. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Burdett, | 26 |Charlestown. |Aug. 7, '62. |Discharged for - Francis S. | | | |disability, Mar. 2, '63. - | | | | - Caldwell, | 22 |Boston. |Aug. 4, '62. |Discharged for - Charles A. | | | |disability, Feb. 24, '63. - | | | | - Chapman, | 22 |Charlestown. |Aug. 11, '62.|Promoted Corp. Discharged - Walter | | | |March 4, '65, for - | | | |promotion as Lt. U.S. - | | | |Colored Troops. Killed - | | | |in powder explosion at - | | | |Mobile, Ala., June --, - | | | |'65. - | | | | - Chase, | 25 |Charlestown. |July 24, '62.|On detached service in - Charles H. | | | |Medical Dept. 9th A.C. - | | | |Discharged June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Costello, | 41 |Charlestown. |July 16, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Lawrence | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Coughlin, | 25 |Charlestown. |Aug. 4, '62. |Discharged for - Daniel J. | | | |disability, May 22, '63. - | | | | - Cragin, | 19 |Boston. |Aug. 4, '62. |Discharged for - Charles I. | | | |disability, Dec. 24, '62. - | | | | - Crocker, | 26 |Charlestown. |Aug. 4, '62. |Died of disease, at - Benjamin F. | | | |Falmouth, Va., Dec. 13, - | | | |'62. - | | | | - Davis, | 19 |Boston. |Aug. 9, '62. |Promoted Corp. - Charles S. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Deming, A. | 19 |Charlestown. |July 24, '62.|On detached duty in - B. C. | | | |Commissary Dept. - | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Disney | 30 |Charlestown. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged for - Thomas W. | | | |disability, March 8, '65. - | | | | - Doughty, | 18 |Charlestown. |July 28, '62.|Promoted Corp. Killed in - James N. | | | |action at Spottsylvania, - | | | |Va., May 12, '64. - | | | | - Edmands, | 27 |Brookline. |Aug. 16, '62.|Promoted Corp. - Benj. B. | | | |Discharged, Jan. 20, '64, - | | | |for promotion as Lt. 54th - | | | |Mass. Vols. - | | | | - Edmands, | 21 |Charlestown. |Aug. 4, '62. |Promoted Corp. - Geo. R. B. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Edmister, | 35 |Charlestown. |Aug. 9, '62. |Died of wounds received - Aaron | | | |in action near Cold - | | | |Harbor, Va., June 7, '64. - | | | | - Edwards, | 44 |Charlestown. |Aug. 7, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C., - Henry | | | |Jan. 21, '64. - | | | | - Fiske, John | 20 |Charlestown. |July 29, '62.|Promoted Corp. - F. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Glazier, | 21 |Charlestown. |Aug. 11, '62.|Appointed Musician. - Albert W. | | | |Discharged for - | | | |disability, Nov. 6, '63. - | | | | - Gould, | 20 |Charlestown. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Charles W. E.| | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Hadley, | 35 |Charlestown. |Aug. 27, '62.|Discharged for - Henry F. | | | |disability, Feb. 10, '63. - | | | | - Hall, Joseph | 20 |Charlestown. |Aug. 4, '62. |Died of disease, Nov. 2, - B. | | | |'63, at Crab Orchard, Ky. - | | | | - Hall, | 22 |Charlestown. |July 28, '62.|Discharged for - William F. | | | |disability, June 17, '63. - | | | | - Haskell, | 21 |Charlestown. |July 24, '62.|See commissioned officers. - Thomas H. | | | | - | | | | - Hodgkins, | 22 |Charlestown. |July 23, '62.|See commissioned officers. - William H. | | | | - | | | | - Hodgkinson, | 27 |Charlestown. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged for - William F. | | | |disability, Dec. 4, '62. - | | | | - Hopkins, S. | 19 |Charlestown. |July 25, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - E. W. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Hyde, Warren | 29 |Charlestown. |July 30, '62.|Discharged, July 22, '65, - G. | | | |expiration of service, - | | | |special order of War Dept. - | | | | - Johnson, | 32 |Charlestown. |July 29, '62.|Died of disease, Feb. 11, - Cephas R. | | | |'64, at Falmouth, Va. - | | | | - Kemmick, John| 21 |Charlestown. |Aug. 5, '62. |Discharged for - | | | |disability, Oct. 26, '63. - | | | | - Knowles, | 19 |Charlestown. |Aug. 6, '62. |On detached service - Francis W. | | | |in Adjt.-Genl. Dept. - | | | |with Maj.-Gen. Willcox. - | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Lamont, John | 21 |Charlestown. |Aug. 1, '62. |Promoted Corp. and Sergt. - | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Lincoln, | 19 |Charlestown. |July 23, '62.|Discharged for - George H. | | | |disability, Dec. 20, '62. - | | | | - Locke, | 19 |Charlestown. |July 17, '62.|Promoted Corp. Discharged - Albert F. | | | |for disability, Sept. 5, - | | | |'63. - | | | | - Mallon, Cad | 20 |Charlestown. |July 28, '62.|On detached service, - H. | | | |Clerk 9th Corps - | | | |Head-quarters. Discharged, - | | | |June 8, '65, expiration - | | | |of service. - | | | | - Mann, Henry | 42 |Charlestown. |Aug. 10, '62.|Discharged for - A. | | | |disability, Sept. 19, '63. - | | | | - McNear, | 17 |Charlestown. |July 28, '62.|On detached service, - Frank E. | | | |Clerk 9th Corps - | | | |Head-quarters. Discharged, - | | | |June 8, '65, expiration - | | | |of service. - | | | | - Merrill, | 19 |Charlestown. |July 23, '62.|Discharged for - Henry S. | | | |disability, July 23, '64. - | | | | - Morrison, | 21 |Charlestown. |Aug. 2, '62. |Died of disease, March - Scott | | | |26, '63, at Baltimore, Md. - | | | | - Moseley, C. | 25 |Charlestown. |Aug. 4, '62. |Promoted Corp., - Henry | | | |Sergt. and 1st Sergt. - | | | |Discharged, Nov. 11, '64, - | | | |from wounds received in - | | | |action, June 29, '64, - | | | |near Petersburg, Va. - | | | | - Mousley, | 25 |Charlestown. |Aug. 2, '62. |Died of disease, Sept. - George W. | | | |27, '63, at Crab Orchard, - | | | |Ky. - | | | | - Newcomb, | 23 |Charlestown. |Aug. 3, '62. |Discharged for - Fred A. | | | |disability, Dec. 9, '64. - | | | | - Niles, | 21 |Charlestown. |Aug. 13, '62.|Died of disease, July 17, - Thomas A. | | | |'63, near Jackson, Miss. - | | | | - Noyes, | 18 |Charlestown. |Aug. 11 '62. |See commissioned officers. - Edmund W. | | | | - | | | | - Packard, J. | 18 |Charlestown. |Aug. 5, '62. |Killed in the trenches in - Wesley | | | |front of Petersburg, Va., - | | | |July 30, '64. - | | | | - Paine, | 19 |Charlestown. |Aug. 5, '62. |Promoted Corp. and Sergt. - George W. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Perkins, | 18 |Charlestown. |July 27, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - John S. | | | |July 14, '63. - | | | | - Pippey, | 25 |Charlestown. |Aug. 4, '62. |Discharged for - Edward W. | | | |disability, June 9, '65, - | | | |order of War Department. - | | | | - Poole, | 20 |Charlestown. |July 26, '62.|Discharged for - William H. | | | |disability, July 26, '63. - | | | | - Prescott, | 19 |Charlestown. |July 23, '62.|Discharged for - George W. | | | |disability, Jan. 23, '64. - | | | | - Priest, John | 19 |Charlestown. |Aug. 5, '62. |Discharged for - T. | | | |disability, June 17, - | | | |'65, by order of - | | | |War Department, in - | | | |consequence of wounds - | | | |received in action at - | | | |Cold Harbor, Va., June 3, - | | | |'64. - | | | | - Rackliffe, | 19 |Charlestown. |July 23, '62.|Killed in action at Cold - John S. | | | |Harbor, Va., June 3, '64. - | | | | - Robertson, | 18 |Charlestown. |July 23, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - James H. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Rogers, | 25 |Charlestown. |Aug. 6, '62. |On detached service, - Edmund M. | | | |recruiting. Discharged, - | | | |June 16, '65, expiration - | | | |of service. - | | | | - Rogers, S. | 22 |Charlestown. |Aug. 11, '62.|On duty at Regimental - Augustus | | | |Head-quarters. - | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Rowe, George | 28 |Charlestown. |Aug. 11, '63.|Died of disease, Aug. 14, - | | | |'65, near Louisville, Ky. - | | | | - Sagar, Oscar | 26 |Somerville. |Aug. 13, '62.|Died of disease, Nov. 30, - | | | |'62, at Falmouth, Va. - | | | | - Small, Frank | 20 |Charlestown. |Aug. 4, '62. |On detached service in - M. | | | |Adjt.-Genl. Department, - | | | |9th Corps Head-quarters. - | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Southwick, | 33 |Charlestown. |Aug. 4, '62. |Reported as a deserter, - George W. | | | |Jan. 19, '63. - | | | | - Spear, James | 27 |Charlestown. |Aug. 9, '62. |Discharged for - E. | | | |disability, June 7, '65, - | | | |by order of War Dept., - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Spurr, E. | 18 |Charlestown. |Aug. 4, '62. |Promoted Corporal. - Wells | | | |Discharged for - | | | |disability, Dec. 23, '64. - | | | | - Swift, Wm. H.| 21 |Charlestown. |Aug. 4, '62. |Died of disease, Nov. 14, - | | | |'62, near Warrenton, Va. - | | | | - Swords, | 20 |Charlestown. |July 26, '62.|Discharged, Oct. 8, '63, - Henry L. | | | |for promotion; Lieut, and - | | | |Capt. 59th Vols., Brevet - | | | |Major U.S. Vols. - | | | | - Swords, | 18 |Charlestown. |Aug. 15, '62.|Discharged for - Thomas A. | | | |disability, Jan. 29, '63. - | | | | - Tibbetts, | 21 |Charlestown. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Stephen W. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Tufts, John | 26 |Charlestown. |Aug. 4, '62. |Promoted Corporal. - | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65. - | | | | - Waitt, Moses | 23 |Charlestown. |Aug. 5, '62. |Transferred to U.S. Navy, - S. | | | |March 1, '64. - | | | | - Walden, W. F.| 24 |Charlestown. |Aug. 11, '62.|Prisoner of war. Captured - | | | |during attack on Fort - | | | |Sanders, Knoxville, - | | | |Tenn., Nov. 29, '63; died - | | | |at Andersonville, Ga., - | | | |Aug. 29, '64. - | | | | - Webster, | 39 |Charlestown. |Aug. 5, '62. |Reported as a deserter. - George W. | | | |Transferred to 56th Mass. - | | | |Vols., June 8, to make - | | | |good the time lost by - | | | |absence. - | | | | - Webster, Wm. | 20 |Charlestown. |July 25, '62.|Promoted Corporal. - N. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Wellington, | 18 |Charlestown. |July 26, '62.|Discharged for - Arthur N. | | | |disability, March 11, '63. - | | | | - Westcott, | 26 |Charlestown. |July 24, '62.|Killed in action at - Charles M. | | | |Wilderness, Va., May 6, - | | | |'64. - | | | | - White, Eben, | 18 |Charlestown. |July 24, '62.|Discharged for - Jr. | | | |disability, Jan. 6, '63. - | | | | - Whiting, | 21 |Somerville. |July 26, '62.|On detached service. - George W. | | | |Discharged May 29, '65, - | | | |order of War Department. - | | | | - Whiton, | 18 |Charlestown. |July 28, '62.|Regimental Mail - Joseph H. | | | |Messenger. Discharged, - | | | |June 8, '65, expiration - | | | |of service. - | | | | - Wilkins, | 26 |Charlestown. |Aug. 5, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - James R. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - _Recruits._ | | | | - | | | | - Doyle, | 18 |Charlestown. |Dec. 9, '63. |Transferred to V.R.C., in - William H. | | | |consequence of disability - | | | |from wounds, '64. - | | | | - Gartland, | 35 |Charlestown. |Mar. 14, '64.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Michael. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Grenier, | 19 |Greenfield. |Nov. 9, '63. |Enlisted for one year. - Godfrey | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Lamont, | 19 |Charlestown. |Dec. 11, '63.|Transferred to 56th Mass. - Daniel, Jr. | | | |Vols., June 8, '65. - | | | | - Turnbull, | 39 |Charlestown. |Dec. 22, '63.|Transferred to V.R.C., in - William | | | |consequence of wounds, - | | | |Feb. 1, '65. - =Company C.= | | | | - | | | | - _1st | | | | - Sergeant._ | | | | - | | | | - Rice, John A.| 26 |Worcester. |Aug. 8, '62. |See commissioned officers. - | | | | - _Sergeants._ | | | | - | | | | - Boswell, | 29 |Worcester. |Aug. 11, '62.|Prisoner of war. - Chas. H. | | | |Captured, Dec. 15, '63, - | | | |near Rutledge, Tenn. Died - | | | |at Belle Isle, Richmond, - | | | |Va., Feb. 15, '64. - | | | | - Freeman, | 28 |Worcester. |Aug. 11, '62.|Killed in action at - George E. | | | |Spottsylvania, Va., May - | | | |12, '64. - | | | | - Goodspeed, | 38 |Worcester. |Aug. 13, '62.|See commissioned officers. - Samuel A. | | | | - | | | | - Stevens, | 25 |Worcester. |Aug. 11, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Henry C. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - _Corporals._ | | | | - | | | | - Bacon, John | 25 |Worcester. |Aug. 14, '62.|Promoted Sergeant. - W. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Boswell, | 26 |Worcester. |Aug. 12, '62.|See commissioned officers. - Frederick W. | | | | - | | | | - Bowles, | 22 |Worcester. |Aug. 12, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - George F. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Clissold, | 23 |Worcester. |Aug. 14, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - Walter | | | |Jan. 19, '65, for - | | | |disability. - | | | | - Fiske, | 19 |Worcester. |Aug. 11, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Frederick L. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Noyes, | 27 |Worcester. |Aug. 15, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Charles F. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Rice, Henry | 24 |Worcester. |Aug. 15, '62.|Died at Washington, D.C., - H. | | | |June 1, '64, of wounds - | | | |received in action at - | | | |North Anna Riv., Va., May - | | | |24, '64. - | | | | - Whipple, | 27 |Worcester. |Aug. 12, '62.|Promoted Sergt., May - Albert B. | | | |12, '64; Color Sergt. - | | | |Transferred to V.R.C., - | | | |Dec. 19, '64, for - | | | |disability from wounds - | | | |received in action near - | | | |Petersburg, Va., June 17, - | | | |'64. - | | | | - _Musicians._ | | | | - | | | | - Blanchard, | 23 |Worcester. |Aug. 4, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Ezra | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Rogers, | 18 |Rutland. |Aug. 13, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Merrill C. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - _Wagoner._ | | | | - | | | | - Bennett, | 20 |Worcester. |Aug. 15, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Harrison A. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - _Privates._ | | | | - | | | | - Adams, | 18 |Worcester. |Aug. 12, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - George T. | | | |March 16, '64. - | | | | - Allen, | 33 |Worcester. |Aug. 14, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - Horace N. | | | |discharged, July 3, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Bailey, A. | 26 |Worcester. |Aug. 14, '62.|Promoted Corp., Oct. 11, - Fernando | | | |'62; Sergt., June 11, - | | | |'63; 1st Sergt., Aug. 1, - | | | |'63. Killed in action at - | | | |Spottsylvania, Va., May - | | | |12, '64. - | | | | - Bangs, | 24 |Worcester. |Aug. 14, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Edward P. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Bassett, | 18 |Worcester. |Aug. 13, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65. - George E. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Bixby, Jacob | 35 |Worcester. |Aug. 12, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - W. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | |Absent, wounded. - | | | | - Blake, | 19 |Worcester. |Aug. 15, '62.|Discharged for - George P. | | | |disability, Jan. 8, '64. - | | | | - Blake, R. | 21 |Worcester. |Aug. 15, '62.|Promoted Corp., May 12, - Elliott | | | |'64. Discharged, June - | | | |8, '65, expiration of - | | | |service. - | | | | - Boswell, | 22 |Worcester. |Aug. 12, '62.|Died of disease, at - James S. | | | |Milldale, Miss., July 19, - | | | |'63. - | | | | - Bottomley, | 25 |Worcester. |Aug. 9, '62. |Discharged, June 12, - Charles S. | | | |'65, order of War Dept., - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Bradley, | 25 |Worcester. |Aug. 12, '62.|On detached service. - Thomas H. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Briggs, | 30 |Worcester. |Aug. 4, '62. |Promoted Corp., Aug. - Frederick W. | | | |1, '63; Sergt., April, - | | | |'64; 1st Sergt., May 12, - | | | |'64. Discharged, Nov. 7, - | | | |'64, for disability from - | | | |wounds received in action - | | | |near Petersburg, Va., - | | | |June 17, '64. - | | | | - Brooks, | 20 |Worcester. |Aug. 13, '62.|Died of disease, Sept. 3, - Lewis M. | | | |'63, at Cincinnati, O. - | | | | - Brown, | 19 |Worcester. |Aug. 13, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Archibald L. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Brown, | 33 |Milford. |Aug. 16, '62.|Discharged for - Dexter F. | | | |disability, Feb. 11, '63. - | | | | - Bruso, | 19 |Worcester. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Joseph, Jr. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Butterworth, | 18 |Worcester. |Aug. 14, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Jonathan | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Buxton, | 23 |Worcester. |Aug. 14, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Joseph | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Carpenter, | 43 |Worcester. |Aug. 15, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Edward M. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Chambers, | 40 |Worcester. |Aug. 9, '62. |Died of disease, Aug. 9, - Hiram E. | | | |'63, at Cairo, Ill. - | | | | - Connor, | 21 |Worcester. |Aug. 15, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Thomas | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Converse, | 41 |Worcester. |Aug. 15, '62.|Died of disease, Oct. 14, - Merrick B. | | | |'64. - | | | | - Curtis, Eben | 25 |Worcester. |Aug. 15, '62.|Discharged for - T. | | | |disability, Feb. 4, '63. - | | | | - Cutting, Wm. | 32 |Worcester. |Aug. 15, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - A. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Daniels, | 18 |Worcester. |Aug. 5, '62. |Killed in action at - Myron M. | | | |Wilderness, Va., May 6, - | | | |'64. - | | | | - Davis, Luke | 18 |Worcester. |Aug. 6, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C., - K. | | | |Jan. 1, '65, for - | | | |disability from wounds - | | | |received in action. - | | | | - Dixon, | 37 |Worcester. |Aug. 8, '62. |Died of disease, April - Dwight I. | | | |12, '64, at Annapolis, Md. - | | | | - Duckworth, | 18 |Worcester. |Aug. 11, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - Franklin | | | |March 16, '64, for - | | | |disability. - | | | | - Fuller, | 35 |Worcester. |Aug. 4, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Barnard | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Gates, | 20 |Worcester. |Aug. 5, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C., - Frederick S. | | | |Nov. 17, '64. - | | | | - Gleason, | 33 |Worcester. |Aug. 15, '62.|Discharged, May 25, '65, - Levi L. | | | |order of War Dept., for - | | | |disability. - | | | | - Harty, Edmund| 31 |Phillipston. |Aug. 7, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | |Absent, sick. - | | | | - Harty, | 21 |Phillipston. |Aug. 7, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - William | | | |expiration of service. - | | | |Absent, sick. - | | | | - Hodgkins, | 32 |Worcester. |Aug. 14, '62.|On special duty as - Daniel | | | |Regimental Armorer. - | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Humphreys, | 22 |Worcester. |Aug. 12, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Henry H. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Hyde, Charles| 42 |Worcester. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged for - | | | |disability, Feb. 2, '64. - | | | | - Jones, | 26 |Milford. |Aug. 15, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - George C. | | | |May 31, '64. - | | | | - Kelley, | 18 |Worcester. |Aug. 13, '62.|Died, May 8, '64, of - Frank S. | | | |wounds received in action - | | | |at Wilderness, Va., May - | | | |6, '64. - | | | | - King, Austin | 36 |New Salem. |July 29, '62.|Discharged for - W. | | | |disability, Nov. 13, '63. - | | | | - Ladd, Lyman | 26 |Worcester. |Aug. 12, '62.|Discharged for - S. | | | |disability, Jan. 4, '64. - | | | | - Lawrence, | 31 |Worcester. |Aug. 27, '62.|On special duty in - William | | | |Q. M.'s department. - | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Locke, | 44 |Worcester. |Aug. 4, '62. |Discharged for - Thomas W. | | | |disability, July 16, '63. - | | | | - Logee, | 22 |Worcester. |Aug. 15, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - Stephen F. | | | |and discharged, June - | | | |29, '65, expiration of - | | | |service. - | | | | - Loring, | 30 |Worcester. |Aug. 4, '62. |Discharged for disability - Charles F. | | | |from wounds, Nov. 27, '63. - | | | | - Loughlin, | 19 |Worcester. |Aug. 15, '62.|Killed in action at - Michael | | | |Spottsylvania, Va., May - | | | |12, '64. - | | | | - Lovell, Henry| 23 |Worcester. |Aug. 13, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65; - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Marshall, | 26 |Worcester. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged for - Emanuel R. | | | |disability, May 11, '64. - | | | | - Merritt, | 31 |Worcester. |Aug. 1, '62. |Promoted Corporal. - Fanning T. | | | |Killed in action at - | | | |Spottsylvania, Va., May - | | | |12, '64. - | | | | - Merritt, | 41 |Worcester. |Aug. 4, '62. |Discharged for - Jesse S. | | | |disability, April 29, '63. - | | | | - Miller, | 23 |Worcester. |Aug. 12, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Riley A. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Mills, | 29 |Worcester. |Aug. 8, '62. |Promoted Corporal, May - George H. | | | |12, '64. Prisoner of war. - | | | |Paroled. Discharged, June - | | | |8, '65, expiration of - | | | |service. - | | | | - Miner, | 31 |Worcester. |Aug. 13, '62.|Reported as deserter, - Edward M. | | | |Oct. 27, '62. - | | | | - Nye, | 22 |Worcester. |Aug. 15, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65; - Frederick | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Olin, | 18 |Worcester. |Aug. 14, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - William M. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Park, Daniel | 40 |Worcester. |Aug. 4, '62. |Prisoner of war at - H. | | | |Rutledge, Tenn., Dec. - | | | |15, '63. Died, at - | | | |Andersonville, Ga., May - | | | |13, '64. - | | | | - Parker, | 39 |Worcester. |Aug. 8, '62. |Died of disease, Sept. 4, - Charles W. | | | |'63, at Cincinnati, O. - | | | | - Plaisted, | 34 |Worcester. |Aug. 14, '62.|On detached duty. - William A. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Putnam, | 39 |Worcester. |Aug. 8, '62. |Corporal, Oct. 11, '62. - Alonzo S. | | | |Sergeant, Nov. 1, '62. - | | | |Transferred to V.R.C., - | | | |March 31, '64. - | | | | - Rawson, Abel | 33 |New Salem. |July 25, '62.|Discharged for - | | | |disability, March 2, '63. - | | | | - Rawson, | 24 |Springfield. |Aug. 20, '62.|Discharged for - Charles B. | | | |disability, Feb. 14, '63. - | | | | - Rawson, | 27 |Worcester. |Aug. 20, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - George A. | | | |and discharged for - | | | |disability, April 11, '64. - | | | | - Rawson, | 26 |Worcester. |Aug. 4, '62. |See Commissioned officers. - Gilbert N. | | | | - | | | | - Rawson, | 35 |Worcester. |Aug. 4, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C., - Joseph D. | | | |Jan. 15, '64. - | | | | - Rawson, | 18 |Worcester. |Aug. 14, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Lewis N. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Reynolds, | 18 |Worcester. |Aug. 14, '62.|Prisoner of war at - Lucius A. | | | |Rutledge, Tenn., Dec. - | | | |15, '63. Died, at - | | | |Andersonville, Ga., July - | | | |7, '64. - | | | | - Robinson, | 25 |Worcester. |Aug. 14, '62.|Died, July 31, '64, at - Clarke | | | |Washington, D.C., of - | | | |wounds received in action - | | | |near Petersburg, Va., - | | | |June 17, '64. - | | | | - Ruth, | 18 |Worcester. |Aug. 15, '62.|Prisoner of war at - Frederick | | | |Rutledge, Tenn., Dec. - | | | |15, '63. Died, at - | | | |Andersonville, Ga., Aug. - | | | |17, '64. - | | | | - Searles, | 34 |Worcester. |Aug. 14, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - Edwin | | | |for disability from - | | | |wounds. Discharged, June - | | | |8, '65, expiration of - | | | |service. - | | | | - Smith, | 23 |Worcester. |Aug. 12, '62.|Prisoner of war at - Israel H. | | | |Rutledge, Tenn. Sole - | | | |survivor of ten captured. - | | | |Discharged, June 9, - | | | |'65, at Annapolis, Md., - | | | |by order of War Dept., - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Smith, | 18 |Worcester. |Aug. 11, '62.|Died of disease, - William A. | | | |Sept. 27, '63, at - | | | |Nicholasville, Ky. - | | | | - Stone, | 34 |Worcester. |Aug. 9, '62. |Discharged for - Marshall | | | |disability, May 11, '64. - | | | | - Stowe, | 23 |Worcester. |Aug. 15, '62.|Discharged for - George W. | | | |disability, May 5, '64. - | | | | - Taynton, | 25 |Worcester. |Aug. 13, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Chas. H. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | |Absent, sick. - | | | | - Thompson, | 38 |Worcester. |Aug. 11, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - John A. | | | |Jan. 15, '64. - | | | | - Twichell, | 38 |Worcester. |Aug. 11, '62.|Prisoner of war. Captured - Hartwell C. | | | |at Wilderness, Va. Died, - | | | |at Andersonville, Ga., - | | | |Aug. 21, '64. - | | | | - Ward, Hiram | 29 |Worcester. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged for - G. | | | |disability, Sept. 24, '63. - | | | | - Ward, Israel | 27 |Worcester. |Aug. 15, '62.|Promoted Corporal, Feb. - | | | |1, '64. Sergeant, Dec. - | | | |5, '64. In charge of - | | | |Pioneers. Discharged, - | | | |June 8, '65, expiration - | | | |of service. - | | | | - Washburn, | 32 |Orange. |July 31, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Otis | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Wedge, | 19 |Worcester. |Aug. 12, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Joseph H. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | |Absent, sick. - | | | | - Wheelock, | 40 |Milford. |Aug. 18, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Calvin | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Whitcomb, | 26 |Worcester. |Aug. 4, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Calvin M. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Wood, | 18 |Worcester. |Aug. 11, '62.|Promoted Corporal. - Charles W. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | | - _Recruits._ | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Maynard, | 23 |Northfield. |Dec. 31, '63.|Discharged for - Joshua | | | |disability, May 11, '64. - | | | | - Murdock, | 25 |Northfield. |Jan. 1, '64. |Transferred, June 8, '65, - Henry | | | |to 56th Mass. Vols. - | | | | - Towne, | 19 |Worcester. |Feb. 29, '64.|Transferred, June 8, '65, - Charles E. | | | |to 56th Mass. Vols. - | | | | - =Company D.= | | | | - | | | | - _1st | | | | - Sergeant._ | | | | - | | | | - Walker, | 37 |Royalston. |Aug. 11, '62.|Discharged for - Joseph | | | |disability, Oct. 29, '63. - | | | | - _Sergeants._ | | | | - | | | | - Fisher, | 22 |Templeton. |Aug. 7, '62. |Died of disease, Sept. 8, - Charles B. | | | |'63, at Covington, Ky. - | | | | - Fosket, | 42 |Winchendon. |Aug. 2, '62. |Discharged for - Wellington | | | |disability, Dec. 30, '62. - | | | | - French, | 30 |Winchendon. |July 28, '62.|Color Sergt. Died at - Adams E. | | | |Washington, D.C., June - | | | |17, '64, of wounds - | | | |received in action at - | | | |Cold Harbor, Va., June 3, - | | | |'64. - | | | | - Stearns, | 20 |Templeton. |Aug. 6, '62. |See commissioned officers. - John A. | | | | - | | | | - _Corporals._ | | | | - | | | | - Brooks, | 27 |Templeton. |July 25, '62.|Promoted Sergt. Killed in - Stephen T. | | | |action at Spottsylvania, - | | | |Va., May 12, '64, - | | | |commanding company. - | | | | - Buffum, | 28 |Templeton. |Aug. 7, '62. |Died of disease, Aug. 12, - Cyrus G. | | | |'63, at Louisville, Ky. - | | | | - Doane, | 27 |Royalston. |July 24, '62.|Discharged for - William C. | | | |disability, Dec. 22, '62. - | | | | - Foster, | 28 |Athol. |July 19, '62.|Died of disease, Feb. 13, - Daniel W. | | | |'63, at Newport News, Va. - | | | | - Higley, Levi | 24 |Templeton. |July 28, '62.|Promoted Sergt. Died of - H. | | | |disease, May 17, '64, at - | | | |Annapolis, Md. - | | | | - Holman, | 29 |Winchendon. |July 19, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - Albert G. | | | |Jan. 2, '65. - | | | | - Parker, | 30 |Winchendon. |Aug. 6, '62. |Died of disease, Nov. 5, - Cornelius G. | | | |'62, at Rectortown, Va. - | | | | - Perry, | 27 |Winchendon. |July 23, '62.|Promoted Sergt., Nov. - Francis D. | | | |1, '62. Color-bearer. - | | | |Discharged for - | | | | - _Musicians._ | | | |disability, Jan. 8, '64. - | | | | - Brooks, | 18 |Templeton. |July 24, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Benj. F. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Cobleigh, | 18 |Templeton. |July 24, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Henry | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - _Wagoner._ | | | | - | | | | - Byam, | 25 |Winchendon. |Aug. 7, '62. |Discharged for - Charles F. | | | |disability, Feb. 18, '64. - | | | | - _Privates._ | | | | - | | | | - Alger, Cyrus | 30 |Winchendon. |July 23, '62.|Promoted Corp. Discharged - | | | |for disability, Jan. 12, - | | | |'65. - | | | | - Allen, | 34 |Winchendon. |Aug. 4, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Austin E. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Allen, | 27 |Gardner. |July 27, '62.|Promoted Corp. and Sergt. - Courtland A. | | | |Prisoner of war, May - | | | |12, '64, and escaped. - | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Baker, | 18 |Royalston. |July 30, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Harrison C. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Barrus, | 27 |Royalston. |July 30, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - William D. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | |Absent; sick. - | | | | - Bosworth, | 18 |Winchendon. |July 24, '62.|Discharged for - Henry A. | | | |disability, March 12, '63. - | | | | - Bowker, | 41 |Royalston. |July 30, '62.|Discharged for - George W. | | | |disability, June 12, '65, - | | | |order of War Dept. - | | | | - Breen, Peter | 44 |Winchendon. |July 19, '62.|Killed in action at - | | | |Spottsvlvania, Va., May - | | | |12, '64. - | | | | - Brigham, | 21 |Templeton. |Aug. 11, '62.|Promoted Corp. - James L. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Brooks, | 19 |Templeton. |July 24, '62.|Discharged for - George A. | | | |disability, Jan. 12, '63. - | | | | - Brooks, | 30 |Winchendon. |Aug. 2, '62. |Discharged for - George W. | | | |disability, June 28, '65, - | | | |at Portsmouth Grove, R. - | | | |I., Gen'l Hospital. - | | | | - Brown, | 21 |Winchendon. |July 28, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Frederick M. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Buseunius, | 24 |Royalston. |July 17, '62.|Promoted Corp. Discharged - Adolphus | | | |for disability, March 17, - | | | |'65. - | | | | - Chamberlin, | 23 |Royalston. |July 23, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Stillman | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Chase, | 19 |Winchendon. |July 28, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Daniel W. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | |Absent; wounded. - | | | | - Chase, | 24 |Winchendon. |July 30, '62.|Died, June 8, '64, at - George L. | | | |Washington, D.C., of - | | | |wounds received in action. - | | | | - Chase, | 29 |Winchendon. |Aug. 9, '62. |Promoted Corp. Discharged - William D. | | | |June 8, '65, expiration - | | | |of service. - | | | | - Coburn, | 24 |Winchendon. |Aug. 17, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Martin V. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Coombs, John | 18 |Winchendon. |July 25, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - L. | | | |Oct., '63. - | | | | - Damon, | 21 |Winchendon. |July 26, '62.|Died of disease, Nov. 29, - Theodore F. | | | |'62, at Washington, D. C. - | | | | - Day, James H.| 30 |Templeton. |July 28, '62.|Discharged for disability - | | | |from wounds, June 10, - | | | |'65, order of War Dept. - | | | | - Demary, John | 28 |Winchendon. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - M. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Felch, | 43 |Winchendon. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged for - Samuel E. | | | |disability, Dec. 3, '62. - | | | | - Fenno, Frank | 21 |Templeton. |Aug. 7, '62. |Killed in action at - M. | | | |Wilderness, Va., May 6, - | | | |'64. - | | | | - Foskett, | 22 |Winchendon. |Aug. 2, '62. |See commissioned officers. - Liberty W. | | | | - | | | | - Foster, | 21 |Gardner. |July 25, '62.|Died of disease, Dec. 25, - Addison | | | |'62, at Falmouth, Va. - | | | | - French, | 19 |Royalston. |July 22, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Lucius | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Frye, | 21 |Royalston. |July 21, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Benjamin A. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Giles, | 36 |Royalston. |July 21, '62.|Died, May 16, '64, of - Sanford | | | |wounds received in action - | | | |at Spottsylvania, Va., - | | | |May 12, '64. - | | | | - Gilman, | 26 |Winchendon. |Aug. 6, '62. |Promoted Corp. and Sergt. - Jeremiah | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Goddard, | 21 |Templeton. |Aug. 7, '62. |Discharged for - Augustus A. | | | |disability, Feb. 16, '64. - | | | | - Godding, | 25 |Winchendon. |Aug. 9, '62. |Promoted Corp. - Edward | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Hale, Livsey | 18 |Winchendon. |July 25, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - B. | | | |Nov. 19, '64, for - | | | |disability from wounds - | | | |received in action at - | | | |Campbell's Station, - | | | |Tenn., Nov. 16, '64. - | | | |Discharged, July 12, '65. - | | | | - Hale, Samuel | 29 |Winchendon. |Aug. 2, '62. |Killed in action at - B. | | | |Spottsvlvania, Va., May - | | | |12, '64. - | | | | - Hare, Dennis | 58 |Phillipston. |July 30, '62.|Killed in action at - | | | |Spottsylvania, Va., May - | | | |12, '64. - | | | | - Hayden, | 19 |Winchendon. |Aug. 11, '62.|Discharged for - Charles W. | | | |disability, Dec. 30, '62. - | | | | - Hill, Salem | 41 |Royalston. |July 31, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Jewett, | 18 |Gardner. |July 31, '62.|Discharged for - Charles | | | |disability, Dec. 25, '63. - | | | | - Johnson, | 38 |Templeton. |Aug. 4, '62. |Discharged for - Chauncey N. | | | |disability, Sept. 20, '63. - | | | | - King, Eugene | 18 |Royalston. |July 24, '62.|Died of disease, Aug. 23, - C. | | | |'63, at Nicholasville, Ky. - | | | | - Lund, Edwin | 23 |Templeton. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - W. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Martindale, | 30 |Templeton. |July 30, '62.|Discharged for - James A. | | | |disability, June 11, '65, - | | | |order of War Dept. - | | | | - Maynard, | 20 |Athol. |July 22, '62.|Discharged for - Martin L. | | | |disability, Feb. 4, 65. - | | | | - Merrill, | 19 |Winchendon. |Aug. 4, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Oscar | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Merritt, | 20 |Templeton. |Aug. 6, '62. |Brigade Postmaster. - Irving L. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Mills, | 35 |Athol. |July 24, '62.|Discharged for - Jonathan B. | | | |disability, Dec. 20, '64. - | | | | - Partridge, | 42 |Winchendon. |July 19, '62.|Discharged for - Greenwood | | | |disability, June 11, '63. - | | | | - Patterson, | 33 |Templeton. |July 21, '62.|Discharged for - Stephen H. | | | |disability, April 18, '65. - | | | | - Perley, | 18 |Gardner. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged for - Lewis S. | | | |disability, May 18, '65. - | | | | - Pierce, | 25 |Royalston. |July 25, '62.|Died of disease, Nov. 18, - Arthur F. | | | |'62, at Hartwood, Va. - | | | | - Pierce, | 20 |Warwick. |Aug. 4, '62. |Died of disease, Dec. 11, - Franklin | | | |'62, at Falmouth, Va. - | | | | - Plummer, | 24 |Winchendon. |July 28, '62.|Killed in action at - George E. | | | |Campbell's Station, - | | | |Tenn., Nov. 16, '65. - | | | | - Powers, | 19 |Winchendon. |Aug. 4, '62. |Died of disease, Sept. - Hiram E. | | | |23, '63, at Covington, Ky. - | | | | - Potter, | 33 |Royalston. |July 21, '62.|Discharged for - Benjamin F. | | | |disability, Sept. 21, '63. - | | | | - Rich, Munroe | 21 |Winchendon. |Aug. 6, '62. |Promoted Corp. - | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Rich, Robert | 45 |Winchendon. |Aug. 4, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C., - T. | | | |Jan. 23, '65. - | | | | - Richardson, | 19 |Phillipston. |Aug. 2, '62. |Discharged for - Martin W. | | | |disability, Dec. 16, '62. - | | | | - Russell, | 18 |Royalston. |July 21, '62.|Died, Aug. 10, '64, of - Henry | | | |wounds received in action - | | | |near Petersburg, Va., - | | | |Aug. 8, '64. - | | | | - Sawin, Emory | 44 |Athol. |July 21, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C. - | | | | - Sawtell, | 20 |Winchendon. |Aug. 4, '62. |Promoted Corp. Killed in - Alden J. | | | |action at Spottsylvania, - | | | |Va., May 12, '64. - | | | | - Sawtell, | 32 |Winchendon. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged for - John L. | | | |disability, Dec. 22, '62. - | | | | - Sawyer, | | | | - Christopher | 32 |Templeton. |July 12, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - E. B. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Sawyer, | 19 |Phillipston. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged for - Oscar L. | | | |disability, Oct. 27, '63. - | | | | - Shepardson, | 18 |Royalston. |July 25, '62.|Killed in action near - John | | | |Petersburg, Va., June 17, - | | | |'64. - | | | | - Smith, | 40 |Winchendon. |July 22, '62.|Discharged for - William | | | |disability, June 2, '65. - | | | | - Tandy, | 18 |Royalston. |July 25, '62.|Discharged for - Nathan S. | | | |disability, Feb. 26, '63. - | | | | - Tatro, Marcus| 32 |Winchendon. |Aug. 14, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Turner, | 28 |Templeton. |Aug. 4, '62. |Discharged for - Ephraim, Jr. | | | |disability, Dec. 23, '63. - | | | | - Underwood, | 24 |Templeton. |Aug. 6, '62. |Promoted Corporal and - Charles | | | |Sergeant. Discharged, - | | | |June 8, '65. Absent, - | | | |wounded. - | | | | - Upham, Otis | 19 |Royalston. |July 30, '62.|Discharged for - K. | | | |disability, June 21, '65. - | | | |Order of War Department. - | | | | - Upton, | 29 |Templeton. |Aug. 4, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C., - Julius G. | | | |Oct, 7, '63. - | | | | - Warner, | 31 |Winchendon. |Aug. 5, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Edwin T. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Washburn, | 42 |Athol. |July 21, '62.|Died of disease, Sept. 5, - William | | | |'63, at Nicholasville, Ky. - | | | | - Wheeler, | 19 |Templeton. |July 15, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Charles | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Wheeler, | 39 |Templeton. |Aug. 7, '62. |Discharged for - Ezra L. | | | |disability, Aug 11, '64. - | | | | - White, Asaph | 22 |Royalston. |July 21, '62.|Promoted Corporal. - M. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - White, | 19 |Royalston. |July 21, '62.|Promoted Corporal. - Roland N. | | | |Died June 25, '64, at - | | | |Washington, D.C., of - | | | |wounds received in action - | | | |at Cold Harbor, Va., June - | | | |3, '64. - | | | | - White, | 33 |Royalston. |Aug. 11, '62.|Died of disease, May 3, - Stephen P. | | | |'64, at Annapolis, Md. - | | | | - Whitney, | 18 |Templeton. |Aug. 4, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Augustus S. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Whitney, | 22 |Winchendon. |July 29, '62.|Died June 16, '64, at - Francis L. | | | |Washington, D.C., of - | | | |wounds received in action - | | | |at Cold Harbor, Va., June - | | | |3, '64. - | | | | - Williams, | 35 |Winchendon. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Henry A. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Wright, | 21 |Templeton. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - George S. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - _Recruits._ | | | | - | | | | - Bruce, Robert| 30 |Winchendon. |Dec. 22, '63.|Prisoner of war, captured - | | | |on march, May 23, '64, - | | | |near North Anna river, - | | | |Va. Died at Richmond, - | | | |Va., June 9, '64. - | | | | - Doyle, Luke | 36 |Winchendon. |Dec. 29, '63.|Discharged for - | | | |disability, May 30, '65. - | | | | - Long, John | 38 |Petersham. |Aug. 23, '64.|Discharged for - | | | |disability, May 24, '65. - | | | | - Osborne, | 37 |Royalston. |Feb. 27, '64.|Transferred, June 8, '65, - Franklin A. | | | |to 56th Mass. Vols. - | | | | - Raymond, | 22 |Royalston. |Jan. 5, '64. |Died June 4, '64, of - George A. | | | |wounds received in action - | | | |at Cold Harbor, Va., June - | | | |3, '64. - | | | | - Renef, | 25 |Gt. |Nov. 27, '63.|Transferred, June 8, '65, - William | |Barrington. | |to 56th Mass. Vols. - | | | | - Rogers, | 20 |Athol. |Aug. 1, '64. |Enlisted for one year. - William J. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - =Company E.= | | | | - | | | | - _1st | | | | - Sergeant._ | | | | - | | | | - Tiffany, | 27 |Monson. |July 19, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Bela B. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - _Sergeants._ | | | | - | | | | - Merrick, | 33 |Palmer. |July 19, '62.|Died Oct. 10, '64, of - Lucius L. | | | |wounds received in action - | | | |at Pegram Farm, Va., - | | | |Sept. 30, '64. - | | | | - Snell, M. | 23 |N. |Aug. 11, '62.|Discharged, April 20, - Porter | |Brookfield. | |'64, for promotion, as - | | | |Lieut. U. S. colored - | | | |troops. - | | | | - Thompson, | 26 |Palmer. |July 19, '62.|Discharged for - Azel | | | |disability, Oct. 27, '63. - | | | | - Tupper, | 31 |Monson. |July 14, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - Henry M. | | | |Jan. 17, '64. - | | | | - _Corporals._ | | | | - | | | | - Boyden, David| 19 |Worcester. |Aug 2, '62. |On color-guard and - | | | |detached service. - | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Carpenter, | 20 |Monson. |July 17, '62.|Died of disease, Sept. - Charles C. | | | |26, '63, at Crab Orchard, - | | | |Ky. - | | | | - Gilbert, | 20 |Worcester. |Aug. 2, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C. - Charles | | | |Jan. 5, '64. - | | | | - Haskell, W. | 34 |N. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - James | |Brookfield. | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Keep, Marcus | 21 |Monson. |July 17, '62.|Died at Fairfax Seminary - | | | |Hospital, June 9, '64, - | | | |of wounds received in - | | | |action, at Spottsylvania, - | | | |Va., May, '64. - | | | | - Truden, John | 19 |Monson. |July 15, '62.|Transferred to Battery E, - B. | | | |2d U.S. Artillery, Sept. - | | | |2, '62. - | | | | - Wetherill, | 23 |Palmer. |July 19, '62.|Died of disease, July 20, - James A. | | | |'63, at Brownsville, Miss. - | | | | - Whitcomb, | 21 |Palmer. |July 19, '62.|Discharged for - Leonard | | | |disability, Oct. 22, '62. - | | | | - _Musicians._ | | | | - | | | | - Moore, | 18 |Lowell. |Aug. 2, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Hubert O. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Strickland, | 18 |Palmer. |July 19, 62. |See non-commissioned - L. C. | | | |staff. - | | | | - _Teamster._ | | | | - | | | | - Nicholas, | 23 |Monson. |Aug. 6, '62. |Died of disease, Sept. 6, - Alvin S. | | | |'63, at Camp Nelson, Ky. - | | | | - _Privates._ | | | | - | | | | - Aldrich, | 18 |Monson. |July 17, '62.|Promoted Corporal and - John C. | | | |Sergeant. Discharged, - | | | |June 8, '65, expiration - | | | |of service. - | | | | - Ballou, | 35 |Palmer. |July 19, '62.|Reported as a deserter, - George W. | | | |June 10, '63. - | | | | - Barrows, | 19 |Sutton. |Aug. 4, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C, - Homer A. | | | |April 10, '64. - | | | | - Barton, John | 21 |Palmer. |July 19, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - M. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | |Absent, wounded. - | | | | - Beebe, | 23 |Monson. |July 17, '62.|Discharged for - Warren W. | | | |disability, March 9, '63. - | | | | - Benjamin, | 21 |Palmer. |July 19, '62.|Discharged for - Cyrus M. | | | |disability, March 20, '63. - | | | | - Blanchard, | 20 |Palmer. |July 19, '62.|Promoted Corp. - Thomas | | | |Discharged, March 10, - | | | |'63, for promotion as - | | | |Lieut. U. S. colored - | | | |troops. - | | | | - Bond, | 25 |Monson. |July 17, '62.|Discharged for - Sanford C. | | | |disability, May 30, '65. - | | | | - Bowen, Henry | 32 |Sturbridge. |Aug. 10, '62.|Reported as deserter, - | | | |June 10, '63. - | | | | - Bumstead, | 18 |Monson. |July 17, '62.|Promoted Corp. - George F. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Burt, Geo. D.| 28 |Sutton. |Aug. 4, '62. |Died, of disease, Sept. - | | | |4, '63, at Baltimore, Md. - | | | | - Butler, | 20 |Monson. |July 17, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Dwight E. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Chaffin, | 43 |Heath. |Aug. 6, '62. |Died of disease, Dec. 5, - Nathan | | | |'62, at Washington, D.C. - | | | | - Cheever, | 41 |N. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged for - Moses A. | |Brookfield. | |disability, May 19, '64. - | | | | - Clark, | 23 |Monson. |July 17, '62.|Promoted Corp. - Joseph V. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Clough, | 18 |Monson. |July 17, '62.|Discharged for - Charles F. | | | |disability, Feb. 4, '63. - | | | | - Clough, | 21 |Charlton. |Aug. 1, '62. |Transferred to Battery E, - Gilman J. | | | |2d U.S. Artillery, Sept., - | | | |'62. Discharged, Feb. 15, - | | | |'64. - | | | | - Colburn, | 27 |Monson. |July 14, '62.|Killed in action, near - Dwight | | | |Petersburg, Va., June 18, - | | | |'64. - | | | | - Colegrove, | 18 |Palmer. |July 19, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - George | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Cooper, | 30 |Palmer. |July 19, '62.|Reported as a deserter, - Dearborn T. | | | |June 10, '63. - | | | | - Davis, | 22 |Monson. |Aug. 17, '62.|Discharged for - Josiah B. | | | |disability, Feb. 23, '65. - | | | | - Drake, | 18 |Upton. |Aug. 4, '62. |Died of disease, April 1, - Alvarado D. | | | |'64, Covington, Ky. - | | | | - Fletcher, | 19 |Sutton. |Aug. 4, '62. |Promoted Corp. - George F. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Fowles, | 18 |Palmer. |July 19, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - George | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Frost, Wm. S.| 18 |Brimfield. |Aug. 13, '62.|Promoted Corp. and Sergt. - | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Gage, Lovell | 23 |Monson. |July 17, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - L. | | | |Jan. 5, '64. - | | | | - Gallivan, | 18 |Palmer. |July 19, '62.|Discharged, June 15, '65, - Henry | | | |for disability. - | | | | - Gilbert, | 25 |N. |Aug. 6, '62. |Killed in action, at - Lyman H. | |Brookfield. | |Pegram Farm, Va., Sept. - | | | |30, '64. - | | | | - Green, | 21 |Monson. |July 17, '62.|Died of disease, Nov. 22, - George M. | | | |'63, at Crab Orchard, Ky. - | | | | - Hadley, F. | 30 |Palmer. |July 19, '62.|Discharged for - Daniel | | | |disability, June 17, '65. - | | | | - Harrington, | 27 |Rowe. |July 22, '62.|Discharged for - J. H. | | | |disability, Aug. 10, '63. - | | | | - Harris, | 19 |Charlton. |Aug. 2, '62. |Discharged for - Nelson | | | |disability, June 2, '65. - | | | | - Harris, | 26 |Monson. |July 17, '62.|Discharged for - Silas M. | | | |disability, Oct. 22, '63. - | | | | - Harris, Wm. | 40 |Monson. |July 17, '62.|Reported as a deserter, - H. | | | |Sept. 19, '62. - | | | | - Harwood, | 20 |N. |Aug. 12, '62.|See commissioned officers. - George W. | |Brookfield. | | - | | | | - Henry, | 22 |Monson. |July 17, '62.|Promoted Corp. and Sergt. - George O. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Holloway, | 40 |Palmer. |July 19, '62.|Discharged for - William | | | |disability, Dec. 14, '63. - | | | | - Jackson, | 21 |Palmer. |July 17, '62.|Died of disease, June 15, - Charles | | | |'63, at Louisville, Ky. - | | | | - Jackson, | 20 |Palmer. |July 19, '62.|Prisoner of war. Captured - Reuben | | | |near Pegram Farm, Va., - | | | |Oct. 4, '64. Died, at - | | | |Salisbury, N. C, Nov. 26, - | | | |'64. - | | | | - Jenks, Frank | 18 |N. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged for - L. | |Brookfield. | |disability, '63. - | | | | - Johnson, | 30 |Monson. |July 14, '62.|Discharged for - George W. | | | |disability, June 15, - | | | |'65, order of War Dept. - | | | |Absent, wounded. - | | | | - Keyes, John. | 22 |Grafton. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - King, Wiles | 22 |Monson. |July 14, '62.|Discharged for - A. | | | |disability, Feb. 18, '63. - | | | | - King, Wm. H. | 18 |Monson. |July 17, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Knowlton, | 26 |Monson. |Aug. 13, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - James M. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Lathrop, | 18 |Worcester. |Aug. 2, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Walter D. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Lester, | 44 |Monson. |July 19, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - William | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Macomber, | 19 |Oakham. |Aug. 2, '62. |Promoted Corporal. - Henry | | | |Discharged June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Macomber, | 18 |Oakham. |Aug. 2, '62. |Promoted Corporal and - William | | | |Serg't. Discharged, June - | | | |8, '65, expiration of - | | | |service. Color-bearer - | | | |from June 17, '64, to - | | | |close of the war. - | | | | - Mailhouse, | 19 |Monson. |July 17, '62.|Discharged, June 8,'65, - Lewis | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Maynard, | 24 |Paxton. |Aug. 6, '62. |Died of disability, Mar. - Solomon R. | | | |5, '63, at Newport News, - | | | |Va. - | | | | - McDowell, | 19 |Palmer. |July 19, '62.|Prisoner of war. Captured - Lyman | | | |near Pegram Farm, Va., - | | | |Oct. 4, '64. Died at - | | | |Salisbury, N. C., Feb. 1, - | | | |'65. - | | | | - Mitchell, | 42 |Canton. |July 19, '62.|Reported as a deserter, - Edward | | | |Sept. 19, '62. - | | | | - Morgan, | 29 |Monson. |July 17, '62.|Killed in action at - Andrew J. | | | |Wilderness, Va., May 6, - | | | |'64. - | | | | - Morgan, | 20 |Monson. |July 17, '62.|Discharged for - Romanzo A. | | | |disability, Sept. 25, '63. - | | | | - Nelson, | 21 |Monson. |July 17, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Willard | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Nicholas, | 19 |Sutton. |Aug. 4, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - George H. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Norbry, | 22 |Sutton. |Aug. 3, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Edward A. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Osborn, John | 21 |Palmer. |July 19, '62.|Discharged, June 19, '65, - Ward | | | |expiration of service, - | | | |order of War Department. - | | | | - Pepper, | 27 |Palmer. |July 19, '62.|Promoted Corporal. - George E. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Perry, Fred. | 19 |Monson. |July 17, '62.|Promoted Corporal. - L. | | | |Discharged for disability - | | | |from wounds (right arm - | | | |amputated), March 15, '65. - | | | | - Powers, | 21 |Millbury. |Aug. 2, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - David A. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Powers, | 18 |Millbury. |Aug. 2, '62. |Died of disease, Oct. 2, - George H. | | | |'63, at Camp Dennison, - | | | |Ohio. - | | | | - Rider, Hiram | 31 |Monson. |July 17, '62.|Reported as a deserter, - | | | |June 10, '63. - | | | | - Rider, Hiram | 27 |Monson. |July 17, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - A. | | | |Oct. 3, '63. - | | | | - Shaw, George | 18 |Palmer. |July 19, '62.|Discharged for - D. | | | |disability, Jan. 30, '65. - | | | | - Shepard, | 28 |Sturbridge. |Aug. 8, '62. |Reported as a deserter, - Horace C. | | | |June 10, '63. - | | | | - Sherman, | 18 |Sutton. |Aug. 4, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Charles O. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Stebbins, | 19 |Monson. |Aug. 7, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Justus | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Sutcliffe, | 38 |Palmer. |July 19, '62.|Died of disease, Oct. 19, - Isaac | | | |'63, at Cincinnati, Ohio. - | | | | - Thompson, | 44 |Palmer. |July 19, '62.|Died of disease, '63, at - William | | | |Baltimore, Md. - | | | | - Tupper, | 20 |Monson. |Aug. 15, '62.|Died of disease, Jan. 14, - Albert | | | |'64, at Portsmouth Grove - | | | |Hospital, R. I. - | | | | - Varney, Frank| 21 |Millbury. |Aug. 2, '62. |Died of disease, July 29, - | | | |'63, at Vicksburg, Miss. - | | | | - Ward, George | 20 |Monson. |July 17, '62.|Died of disease, Sept. - E. | | | |5, '62, Worcester; - | | | |not muster'd with the - | | | |regiment. - | | | | - Walker, | 38 |N. |July 25, '62.|Promoted Corporal. - Joseph L. | |Brookfield. | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Waters, | 18 |Millbury. |Aug. 4, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C., - Edward A. | | | |May 1, '65. - | | | | - Waters, | 19 |Millbury. |Aug. 4, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C. - Lyman S. | | | |Jan., 1865. - | | | | - Wheelock, | 29 |N. |July 27, '62.|Discharged, for - Joseph B. | |Brookfield. | |disability, Mar. 27, '65. - | | | | - Whitney, | 18 |Worcester. |Aug. 2, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - William F. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Wilder, | 37 |Ware. |July 21, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Wales T. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Wood, Myron | 23 |Monson. |July 17, '62.|Prisoner of war. Captured - R. | | | |at Campbell's - | | | | - _Recruits._ | | | |Station, Tenn., Nov. 16, - | | | |'63. Date and place of - | | | |death unknown. - | | | | - Bell, Leander| 19 |N. |April 4, '64.|Transferred, June 8, '65, - | |Brookfield. | |to 56th Mass. Vols. - | | | | - Bond, Elijah | 18 |Millbury. |Dec. 29, '63.|Transferred, June 8, '65, - | | | |to 56th Mass. Vols. - | | | | - Carter, | 30 |Sunderland. |Aug. 22, '64.|Transferred, June 8, '65, - Andrew | | | |to 56th Mass. Vols. - | | | | - Davis, | 37 |Monson. |Feb. 15, '63.|Died of disease, July 11, - Wareham | | | |'64, at Annapolis, Md. - | | | | - Holbrook, | 18 |Bedford. |Aug. 20, '64.|Prisoner of war. Captured - Warren C. | | | |Oct. 2, '64. Died Nov. 5, - | | | |'64, at Salisbury, N. C. - | | | | - Lemon, | 37 |Monson. |Feb. 27, '64.|Discharged, for - Francis L. | | | |disability, May 12, '65. - | | | | - McManus, John| 24 |Palmer. |Jan. 4, '64. |Prisoner of war. Captured - | | | |Oct. 2, '64. Exchanged. - | | | |Died April 1, '65, at - | | | |Annapolis, Md. - | | | | - Rider, | |Monson. |June 9, '64. |Transferred, June 8, '65, - William | | | |to 56th Mass. Vols. - | | | | - Smith, | 18 |Millbury. |Jan. 1, '64. |Died of disease, Aug. 9, - William H. | | | |'64, at Millbury, Mass. - | | | | - Warriner, | 18 |Monson. |Mar. 14, '64.|Transferred, June 8, '65, - Alfred E. | | | |to '56th Mass. Vols. - | | | | - Waters, | 18 |Millbury. |Jan. 2, '64. |Died of disease, March - Trueman B. | | | |16, '64, at Camp Nelson, - | | | |Ky. - =Company F.= | | | | - | | | | - _1st | | | | - Sergeant._ | | | | - | | | | - Legg, Edwin | 25 |Milford. |July 22, '62.|Discharged for - | | | |disability, Jan. 5, '63. - _Sergeants._ | | | | - | | | | - Brown, | 38 |Milford. |Aug. 5, '62. |Promoted 1st Sergt., - George A. | | | |discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Cheever, | 39 |Milford. |July 22, '62.|Died of disease, Dec. 14, - Nathaniel | | | |'63, at Milford, Mass. - | | | | - Hancock, | 43 |Milford. |Aug. 5, '62. |See commissioned officers. - Joseph | | | | - | | | | - Houghton, | 38 |Milford. |Aug. 5, '62. |Discharged for - Nathan H. | | | |disability, July 30, '63. - | | | | - _Corporals._ | | | | - | | | | - Carpenter, | 39 |Milford. |Aug. 5, '62. |Died of disease, Jan. 14, - Hiram | | | |'63, at Milford, Mass. - | | | | - Cox, Nelson | 28 |Milford. |July 21, '62.|Promoted Sergt. - | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Hawkins, | 28 |Milford. |Aug. 5, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C., - George M. | | | |May 4, '64. - | | | | - Higgins, | 27 |Milford. |Aug. 5, '62. |Discharged for disability - John J. | | | |from wounds, May 16, '65. - | | | | - Littlefield, | 36 |Milford. |Aug. 6, '62. |Promoted Sergt. - Ammiel | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Mascroft, | 31 |Sutton. |Aug. 7, '62. |On detached duty - Henry C. | | | |in Quartermaster's - | | | |Dept. Discharged for - | | | |disability, Jan. 13, '65. - | | | | - Montague, | 31 |Milford. |Aug. 5, '62. |Promoted Sergt. - Benj. H. | | | |Discharged for disability - | | | |from wounds, May 19, '65. - | | | | - Wright, | 30 |Sutton. |Aug. 6, '62. |See commissioned officers. - Daniel | | | | - | | | | - _Musicians._ | | | | - | | | | - Batcheller, | 18 |Milford. |Aug. 5, '62. |Discharged for - Lindsay J. | | | |disability, April 3, '63. - | | | | - Metcalf, | 27 |Ashland. |Aug. 13, '62.|Discharged for - Charles O. | | | |disability, April 30, '64. - | | | | - _Wagoner._ | | | | - | | | | - Adams, | 27 |Milford. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged for - Charles O. | | | |disability, Sept. 21, '63. - | | | | - _Privates._ | | | | - | | | | - Adams, | 25 |Milford. |Aug. 11, '62.|Promoted Corp. - Orrick H. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Aldrich, | 25 |Milford. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Henry K. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | |Absent, sick. - | | | | - Allen, Frank | 18 |Milford. |Aug. 18, '62.|Discharged for - E. | | | |disability, Sept. 21, '63. - | | | | - Anson, | 25 |Milford. |Aug. 5, '62. |Died of disease, Aug. 24, - Ezekiel W. | | | |'63, at Louisville, Ky. - | | | | - Balcom, Abel | 35 |Grafton. |Aug. 11, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - H. | | | |Feb. 15, '64. - | | | | - Baldwin, | 26 |New Salem. |Aug. 9, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C., - Albrona | | | |May 30, '64. - | | | | - Bell, Frank | 18 |Milford. |Aug. 6, '62. |Promoted Corp. - N. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Bennett, | 29 |Sutton. |Aug. 3, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - George R. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Blanding, | 36 |Oxford. |Aug. 2, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Andrew M. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Bliss, John | 35 |Milford. |Aug. 5, '62. |Died of disease, July 23, - G. | | | |'63, at Milldale, Miss. - | | | | - Briggs, | 33 |Sutton. |Aug. 9, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Charles J. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Cain, Michael| 33 |Milford. |July 27, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Carlton, Wm. | 32 |Milford. |July 21, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - G. | | | |May 30, '64. - | | | | - Carpenter, | 37 |Milford. |Aug. 6, '62. |Died of disease, Oct. 24, - Willard | | | |'63, at Camp Dennison, - | | | |Ohio. - | | | | - Cummings, | 23 |Lynn. |Aug. 27, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - Chas. S. | | | |May 30, '64. - | | | | - Davis, | 42 |Milford. |July 21, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - Gaylon, Jr. | | | |May 30, '64. - | | | | - Day, Usher H.| 24 |Milford. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Dore, John | 45 |Oxford. |Aug. 5, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C., - | | | |March 31, '64. - | | | | - Eager, Calvin| 36 |Sutton. |Aug. 9, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C., - | | | |Jan. 5, '63. - | | | | - Eames, | 28 |Milford. |Aug. 6, '62. |Died of disease, Aug. 16, - George A. | | | |'63, at Louisville, Ky. - | | | | - Eccles, Roger| 39 |Clinton. |Aug. 6, '62. |Prisoner of war. Captured - | | | |near Petersburg, Va., - | | | |'64. Died at Salisbury, - | | | |N. C., Jan. 9, '65. - | | | | - Ellis, | 23 |Milford. |Aug. 4, '62. |Killed in action, near - George H. | | | |Jackson, Miss., July 11, - | | | |'63. - | | | | - Ellsworth, | 28 |Milford. |Aug. 6, '62. |See non-commissioned - T. Lyman | | | |staff. - | | | | - Finn, John | 20 |Milford. |Aug. 5, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Fitzgerald, | 26 |Milford. |July 21, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - Michael | | | |Oct. 31, '63. - | | | | - Frame, Henry | 29 |Lynn. |Aug. 27, '62.|Promoted Corp. Discharged - L. | | | |June 8, '65, expiration - | | | |of service. - | | | | - Gassett, | 18 |Mendon. |Aug. 7, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Alton G. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Gleason, | 32 |Milford. |Aug. 6, '62. |Killed in the trenches in - Jesse D. | | | |front of Petersburg July - | | | |25, '64. - | | | | - Green, Wm. S.| 28 |Milford. |Aug. 5, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Greenlaw, | 30 |Milford. |Aug. 6, '62. |Died of disease, Oct. 27, - Theophilus M.| | | |'63, at Knoxville, Tenn. - | | | | - Greenwood, | 26 |Milford. |July 31, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - James H. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Hall, John G.| 20 |Sutton. |Aug. 6, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C. - | | | | - Handly, Levi | 26 |Milford. |Aug. 6, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C., - L. | | | |April 1, '65. - | | | | - Hart, Edward | 18 |Charlton. |Aug. 7, '62. |Discharged for - | | | |disability, Feb. 15, '64. - | | | | - Haynes, | 28 |Milford. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged for - Walter S. | | | |disability, Sept. 28, '63. - | | | | - Howard, | 19 |Sutton. |Aug. 11, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - George S. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Howard, | 18 |Milford. |July 28, '62.|Died of wounds received - Olevan | | | |in action, near Jackson, - | | | |Miss., at Cincinnati, O., - | | | |Sept. 24, '63. - | | | | - Howard, | 25 |Sutton. |Aug. 7, '62. |Died of disease at Camp - William H. | | | |Dennison, Ohio, Sept. 6, - | | | |'63. - | | | | - Howe, Samuel | 44 |Worcester. |Aug. 12, '62.|Discharged for - G. | | | |disability, Oct. 28, '63. - | | | | - Hoyt, Amos | 20 |Milford. |Aug. 6, '62. |Killed in action, near - | | | |Jackson, Miss., July 11, - | | | |'63. - | | | | - Hussey, | 28 |Milford. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged for - George L. | | | |disability, Jan. 15, '63. - | | | | - Johnson, | 27 |Milford. |Aug. 5, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C., - Isaac | | | |May 30, '64. - | | | | - Johnson, | 34 |Milford. |Aug. 5, '62. |Promoted Corp. - Napoleon B. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Jones, | 22 |Milford. |Aug. 5, '62. |Promoted Corp. Discharged - Theodore | | | |June 8, '65, expiration - | | | |of service. - | | | | - Keenan, Hugh | 38 |Milford. |Aug. 5, '62. |Reported as a deserter, - | | | |Oct. 31, '63. - | | | | - Keenan, John | 19 |Milford. |July 26, '62.|Killed in action, near - | | | |Cold Harbor, Va., June 3, - | | | |'64. - | | | | - Kimball, | 18 |Sutton. |Aug. 6, '62. |Promoted Corp. and Sergt. - Herbert A. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Lapham, | 35 |Milford. |Aug. 7, '62. |Discharged for - James M. | | | |disability, July 8, '65, - | | | |order of War Dept. - | | | | - Leland, | 20 |Mendon. |Aug. 7, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Edward J. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Leyden, John | 44 |Milford. |July 23, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Lowell, | 19 |Mendon. |Aug. 7, '62. |Promoted Corp. and Sergt. - Lucius | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Macy, Edward | 19 |Milford. |Aug. 5, '62. |Promoted Corp. Discharged - B. | | | |for disability, Nov. 23, - | | | |'63. - | | | | - Mann, Noyes, | 29 |Milford. |Aug. 5, '62. |Promoted Corp. Died of - Jr. | | | |disease, at Knoxville, - | | | |Tenn., April 27, '64. - | | | | - Marble, | 22 |Sutton. |Aug. 11, '62.|Discharged for - Albert A. | | | |disability, March 3, '63. - | | | | - Markin, | 22 |Milford. |July 24, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Thomas | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Martin, | 25 |Oxford. |Aug. 9, '62. |Promoted Corp. Killed in - Edwin A. | | | |action, at Cold Harbor, - | | | |Va., June 3, '64. - | | | | - Maynard, | 20 |Milford. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged for - George L. | | | |disability, Nov. 23, '63. - | | | | - McCarty, | 18 |Milford. |July 24, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Dennis | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Mitchell, | 45 |Milford. |July 21, '62.|Died of disease, at - Riley | | | |Alexandria, Va., Feb. 11, - | | | |'63. - | | | | - Moore, John, | 27 |Milford. |Aug. 1, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Jr. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Newton, Geo. | 24 |Milford. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - B. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Penniman, | 23 |Sutton. |Aug. 11, '62.|Discharged, June 8, 65, - Wm. C. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Perham, | 18 |Milford. |Aug. 4, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C., - Willis D. | | | |Jan. 15, '64. - | | | | - Perry, Enoch | 23 |Milford. |Aug. 2, '62. |Discharged for - J. | | | |disability, March 9, '64. - | | | | - Pierce, John | 38 |Milford. |Aug. 6, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C., - A. | | | |May 30, '64. - | | | | - Roper, | 18 |Princeton. |July 26, '62.|Died of disease, at - Francis | | | |Falmouth, Va., Jan. 18, - | | | |'63. - | | | | - Rose, John L.| 25 |Milford. |Aug. 2, '62. |Discharged for - | | | |disability, Jan. 25, '65. - | | | | - Sanderson, | 27 |Lynn. |Aug. 27, '62.|On detached duty in - George P. | | | |hospital. Discharged, - | | | |June 8, '65, expiration - | | | |of service. - | | | | - Sibley, | 29 |Sutton. |Aug. 9, '62. |Discharged for - Franklin | | | |disability, Jan. 19, '64. - | | | | - Simons, Anson| 29 |Sutton. |Aug. 3, '62. |Reported as a deserter, - | | | |Sept. 16, '62. - | | | | - Smith, | 23 |Oxford. |Aug. 6, '62. |Died, June 3, '64, of - Chester J. | | | |wounds received in - | | | |action, at Wilderness, - | | | |Va., May 6, '64. - | | | | - Smith, James | 34 |Clinton. |Aug. 7, '62. |Promoted Corp. Discharged - | | | |June 8, '65, expiration - | | | |of service. - | | | | - Spear, | 38 |Milford. |July 28, '62.|Discharged for - William R. | | | |disability, May 7, '64. - | | | | - Sprague, | 23 |Milford. |Aug. 1, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C., - Nathan K. | | | |Feb. 2,'64. - | | | | - Sullivan, | 40 |Milford. |July 22, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65. - Michael | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Taylor, | 25 |Milford. |Aug. 6, '62. |Died of disease at Crab - Jothan L. | | | |Orchard, Ky., Sept. 7, - | | | |'63. - | | | | - Taylor, | 18 |Milford. |July 25, '62.|Died, June 23, '64, of - Orren S. | | | |wounds received the same - | | | |day in the trenches in - | | | |front of Petersburg, Va. - | | | | - Titus, John | 24 |Sutton. |Aug. 9, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - M. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Ward, Russell| 25 |Sutton. |Aug. 15, '62.|Discharged for - | | | |disability, March 5, '63. - | | | | - Whipple, | 23 |Sutton. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Richard M. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Wilson, | 28 |Milford. |July 24, '62.|Discharged for - Samuel | | | |disability, March 14, '63. - | | | | - Winch, John | 24 |Leicester. |Aug. 2, '62. |Did not leave Worcester - M. | | | |with the regiment. - | | | | - _Recruits._ | | | | - | | | | - Ames, | 19 |Stoneham. |Jan. 27, '64.|Died, June 25, '64, - Frederick C. | | | |of wounds received in - | | | |action, June 17, '64, - | | | |near Petersburg, Va. - | | | | - Bell, Edward | 18 |Milford. |Mar. 24, '64.|Promoted Corp. - G. | | | |Transferred to 56th Mass. - | | | |Vols., June 8, '65. - | | | |Discharged, July 12, '65. - | | | | - Legesay, | 26 |Milford. |Mar. 30, '64.|Transferred to 56th Mass. - Joseph | | | |Vols., June 8, '65. - | | | |Discharged, June 22, '65, - | | | |order of War Department. - | | | | - =Company G.= | | | | - | | | | - _1st | | | | - Sergeant._ | | | | - | | | | - Cooper, | 37 |Warwick. |July 22, '62.|Discharged, Oct. 9, '64, - Alexander | | | |for disability from - | | | |wounds received in - | | | | - _Sergeants._ | | | |action near Petersburg, - | | | |Va., June 18, '64. - | | | | - Davidson, | 22 |Clinton. |Aug. 11, '62.|See commissioned officers. - Alonzo S. | | | | - | | | | - Horton, | 35 |Berlin. |Aug. 12, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - William H. | | | |expiration of service as - | | | |1st Sergeant. - | | | | - King, | 20 |Berlin. |July 18, '62.|Promoted 1st Sergt. - William H. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Partridge, | 38 |Princeton. |Aug. 7, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Daniel W. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - _Corporals._ | | | | - | | | | - Boynton, | 40 |Clinton. |Aug. 11, '62.|Discharged for - Alonzo P. | | | |disability, Oct. 28, '63. - | | | | - Davis, | 34 |Holden. |Aug. 16, '62.|Promoted Sergt. and - George D. | | | |acting 1st Sergt. - | | | |Wounded at Campbell's - | | | |Station, Tenn., Nov. - | | | |16, '63. Discharged for - | | | |disability, May 25, '65, - | | | |order of War Department. - | | | | - Houghton, | 38 |Harvard. |Aug. 13, '62.|Discharged for - Ephraim W. | | | |disability, Aug. 8, - | | | |'64. Wounded in action - | | | |at Campbell's Station, - | | | |Tenn., Nov. 16, '63, - | | | |while carrying the State - | | | |color. - | | | | - Lesure, | 35 |West |Aug. 12, '62.|Discharged for - Lovell A. | |Boylston. | |disability, June 18, '65, - | | | |order of War Department. - | | | | - Mower, | 27 |Charlton. |Aug. 11, '62.|Promoted Sergt. and 1st - Livingston | | | |Sergt. Died, June 24, - | | | |'64, at Washington, D.C., - | | | |of wounds received in - | | | |action at Cold Harbor, - | | | |Va., June 3, '64. - | | | | - Olcott, | 21 |Clinton. |Aug. 3, '62. |See commissioned officers. - Hiram W. | | | | - | | | | - Perry, | 40 |Clinton. |Aug. 10, '62.|Died of disease, Nov. 13, - George W. | | | |'62, at Warrenton, Va. - | | | | - Underwood, | 37 |Warwick. |Aug. 7, '62. |Discharged for - Sylvester T. | | | |disability, Nov. 28, '63. - | | | | - _Musicians._ | | | | - | | | | - Gardner, John| 18 |Worcester. |Aug. 15, '62.|See non-commissioned - | | | |staff. - | | | | - Rogers, | 37 |Holden. |Aug. 12, '62.|Died of disease, July 25, - Winslow B. | | | |'63, at Vicksburg, Miss. - | | | | - _Wagoner._ | | | | - | | | | - Hubbard, | 38 |Holden. |Aug. 12, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Stephen N. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - _Privates._ | | | | - | | | | - Adams, Andrew| 25 |Millbury. |Aug. 15, '62.|Promoted Corp. - | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Aldrich, | 23 |Charlton. |Aug. 2, '62. |Prisoner of war. Captured - Hezekiah | | | |near Rutledge, Tenn., - | | | |Dec. 15, '63. Died at - | | | |Andersonville, Ga., July - | | | |30, '64. - | | | | - Alexander, | 33 |Uxbridge. |Aug. 14, '62.|Reported as a deserter, - George E. | | | |Sept. 18, '62. - | | | | - Allen, | 23 |Harvard. |Aug. 13, '62.|Died, Oct. 28, '63, at - Edmund M. | | | |Knoxville, Tenn. - | | | | - Bacon, | 27 |Millbury. |Aug. 14, '62.|Discharged for - William K. | | | |disability, April 9, '63. - | | | | - Beers, James | 24 |Charlton. |July 28, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - A. | | | |March 15, '64. - | | | | - Bemis, | 30 |Clinton. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged for - Daniel H. | | | |disability, Nov. 9, '63. - | | | | - Bigelow, | 34 |Princeton. |Aug. 12, '62.|Discharged for - Abram G. | | | |disability, Jan. 20, '63. - | | | | - Blandin, | 25 |Oxford. |Aug. 15, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Warren F. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Bridge, | 35 |Warwick. |July 22, '62. Discharged for - Jesse F. | | | |disability, Feb. 13, '64. - | | | | - Burns, | 25 |Clinton. |Aug. 20, '62.|Did not leave Worcester - Martin F. | | | |with the regiment. - | | | | - Chenery, | 23 |Clinton. |Aug. 11, '62.|Killed in action at Cold - Frank A. | | | |Harbor, Va., June 3, '65. - | | | | - Cobb, George | 18 |Warwick. |July 29, '62.|Discharged for - B. | | | |disability, Jan. 10, '63. - | | | | - Coleman, John| 29 |Marlborough. |July 25, '62.|Discharged for - | | | |disability, Nov. 16, '63. - | | | | - Comins, | 29 |Charlton. |Aug. 2, '62. |Promoted Corp. - Lewis B. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Coughlin, | 34 |Worcester. |Aug. 10, '62.|Reported as a deserter, - Frank | | | |June 9, '63. - | | | | - Cowan, Jason | 21 |Prescott. |Aug. 3, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - B. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Daniels, | 28 |Millbury. |Aug. 15, '62.|Discharged for - Sylvester A. | | | |disability, Jan. 13, '63. - | | | | - Dorrison, | 20 |Clinton. |Aug. 12, '62.|Promoted Corp. Discharged - Oscar A. | | | |for disability, Dec. 23, - | | | |'64. - | | | | - Dunn, | 18 |Harvard. |Aug. 13, '62.|Killed in action at Cold - William A. | | | |Harbor, Va., June 3, '64. - | | | | - Emerson, | 25 |Millbury. |July 25, '62.|Died, June 6, '64, at - John S. | | | |Washington, D.C., of - | | | |wounds received in action - | | | |at Spottsylvania, Va., - | | | |May 12, '64. - | | | | - Engly, Davis | 31 |Uxbridge. |Aug. 7, '62. |Promoted Corp. - B. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Farmer, | 19 |Harvard. |Aug. 14, '62.|Promoted Corp. - Nahum H. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Farnsworth, | 36 |Warwick. |Aug. 7, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C., - John | | | |Mar. 31, '64. - | | | | - Fay, John | 22 |Clinton. |Aug. 14, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Fay, Myron H.| 18 |Princeton. |Aug. 26, '62.|Died of disease, Aug. 9, - | | | |'63, at New Madrid, Mo. - | | | | - Field, Lucius| 22 |Clinton. |Aug. 18, '62.|See commissioned officers. - | | | | - Fisher, Abial| 18 |Clinton. |Aug. 18, '62.|Promoted Corp. Discharged - | | | |for disability, Dec. 23, - | | | |'64. - | | | | - Flagg, Fred | 18 |Clinton. |Aug. 8, '62. |Prisoner of war. Captured - E. | | | |near Blain's Cross Roads, - | | | |Tenn., Dec. 15, '63. Died - | | | |at Belle Isle, Richmond, - | | | |Va., March, '64. - | | | | - Flagg, | 40 |Clinton. |Aug. 8, '62. |Promoted Corp. and - Frederick | | | |Sergt. Discharged for - | | | |disability, Dec. 23, '64. - | | | | - Fletcher, | 18 |Charlton. |Aug. 3, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Andrew B. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Flynn, | 26 |Milford. |Aug. 4, '62. |Did not leave Worcester - Charles | | | |with the regiment. - | | | | - Frazer, Peter| 43 |Oxford. |Aug. 14, '62.|Did not leave Worcester - | | | |with the regiment. - | | | | - Fuller, | 33 |Auburn. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Horace | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Gifford, | 41 |Clinton. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Henry A. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Gill, Emory | 27 |Princeton. |Aug. 7, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - W. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Gillespie, | 22 |Charlton. |Aug. 5, '62. |Discharged for - Michael | | | |disability, Nov. 27, '63. - | | | | - Gillespie, | 21 |Charlton. |Aug. 4, '62. |Prisoner of war. Captured - Patrick | | | |near Rutledge, Tenn., - | | | |Dec. 15, '63. Died at - | | | |Andersonville, Ga., Aug. - | | | |28, '64. - | | | | - Goodwin, | 26 |Warwick. |July 22, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - Ebenezer | | | |Jan. 21, '64. - | | | | - Grimley, | 30 |Oxford. |Aug. 11, '62.|Discharged for - Henry | | | |disability, Jan. 20, '63. - | | | | - Hall, | 19 |Harvard. |Aug. 13, '62.|Killed in action at - William H. | | | |Spottsylvania, Va., May - | | | |12, '64. - | | | | - Haskell, | 20 |Harvard. |Aug. 13, '62.|Died, June 10, '64, at - Joseph F. | | | |Washington, D.C., of - | | | |wounds received in action - | | | |at Wilderness, Va., May - | | | |6, '64. - | | | | - Hastings, | 21 |Clinton. |Aug. 6, '62. |Died of disease, Jan. 16, - Lyman H. | | | |'63, at Falmouth, Va. - | | | | - Hastings, | 20 |Clinton. |Aug. 5, '62. |Promoted Corp. - William A. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Haven, | 18 |Brookfield. |July 25, '62.|Killed in action at - George F. | | | |Knoxville, Tenn., Nov. - | | | |29, '63. - | | | | - Hawks, Almon | 44 |Heath. |July 22, '62.|Discharged for - | | | |disability, Mar. 2, '63. - | | | | - Houghton, | 26 |Warwick. |Aug. 6, '62. |Transferred to Second - Alfred E. | | | |U.S. Cavalry, Dec. 27, - | | | |'62. - | | | | - Hubbard, | 44 |Holden. |Aug. 17, '62.|Prisoner of war. Captured - Calvin | | | |near Rutledge, Tenn., - | | | |Dec. 15, '63. Died at - | | | |Richmond, Va., Feb. 26, - | | | |'63. - | | | | - Jennison, R. | 20 |Auburn. |Aug. 4, '62. |Prisoner of war. Captured - B. | | | |Dec. 15, '63, near - | | | |Blain's Cross Roads, - | | | |Tenn. Died at Richmond, - | | | |Va., Mar. 10, '64. - | | | | - Jesman, | 26 |Oxford. |Aug. 6, '62. |Did not leave Worcester - William | | | |with the regiment. - | | | | - Jewett, | 24 |Clinton. |Aug. 14, '62.|Discharged for - George H. | | | |disability, Feb. 28, '63. - | | | | - Kelley, | 33 |Princeton. |July 25, '62.|Died May 21, '64, at - Daniel S. | | | |Fredericksburg, Va., of - | | | |wounds received in action - | | | |at the Wilderness, Va., - | | | |May 6, '64. - | | | | - Leavitt, | 34 |Harvard. |Aug. 13, '62.|Reported as a deserter, - Sullivan | | | |Sept. 12, '62. - | | | | - Lincoln, | 39 |Princeton. |Aug. 22. '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - George W. | | | |Nov. 10, '63. - | | | | - Martin, | 25 |Clinton. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Michael | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - McGee, | 36 |Clinton. |Aug. 13, '62.|Discharged for - Patrick | | | |disability, Feb. 13, '63. - | | | | - McGrath, | 25 |Clinton. |Aug. 13, '62.|Died of disease, Oct. 10, - Henry | | | |'63, at Crab Orchard, Ky. - | | | | - McInstry, | 22 |Charlton. |Aug. 9, '62. |Prisoner of war. Captured - Van Buren | | | |near Blain's Cross Roads, - | | | |Tenn., Dec. 15, '63. Died - | | | |at Andersonville, Ga., - | | | |Feb. 15, '64. - | | | | - Merriam, | 23 |Princeton. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged for - John N. | | | |disability, Feb. 16, '64. - | | | | - Miner, Dwight| 18 |Clinton. |Aug. 1, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C., - | | | |Mar. 19, '64. - | | | | - Moore, Andrew| 26 |Charlton. |Aug. 7, '62. |Promoted Corporal. Killed - | | | |in action at Cold Harbor, - | | | |Va., June 3, '64. - | | | | - Morgan, | 20 |Clinton. |Aug. 14, '62.|On special duty at - James A. | | | |Division Head-quarters. - | | | |Discharged, June 8 '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Nelson, | 35 |Warwick. |Aug. 7, '62. |Died of disease, Oct. 22, - Lafayette | | | |'63, at Crab Orchard, Ky. - | | | | - Oakes, David | 27 |Prescott. |Aug. 4, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - J. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Palmer, | 19 |Clinton. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged for - Edward | | | |disability, June 28, '65, - | | | |order of War Department. - | | | | - Partridge, | 34 |Princeton. |Aug. 7, '62. |Promoted Corporal and - Lyman F. | | | |Serg't. Discharged, June - | | | |8, '65, expiration of - | | | |service. - | | | | - Phelps, | 20 |Harvard. |Aug. 13, '62.|See commissioned officers. - George T. | | | | - | | | | - Priest, | 25 |Harvard. |Aug. 13, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Charles W. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Ray, Daniel | 29 |Sutton. |Aug. 4, '62. |Reported as a deserter, - H. | | | |Sept. 12, '62. - | | | | - Rich, Alonzo | 18 |Charlton. |July 28, '62.|Promoted Corporal. - G. | | | |Discharged for - | | | |disability, Dec. 23, '64. - | | | | - Salmon, Hugh | 40 |Uxbridge. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged for - | | | |disability, Nov. 10, '64. - | | | | - Sawyer, | 44 |Millbury. |Aug. 13, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Samuel | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Smith, | 43 |Holden. |Aug. 4, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Thorret | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Stacy, | 20 |Harvard. |Aug. 13, '62.|Killed in action at - Edward W. | | | |Wilderness, Va., May 6, - | | | |'64. - | | | | - Taylor, Amos | 18 |Warwick. |Aug. 13, '62.|Discharged for - A. | | | |disability, Mar. 6, '63. - | | | | - Vaughn, | 21 |Prescott. |Aug. 14, '62.|Discharged for - Marcus E. | | | |disability, Feb. 18, '63. - | | | | - Vibert, Hiram| 21 |Worcester. |Aug. 4, '62. |Reported as a deserter, - | | | |Sept. 2, '62. Did not - | | | |leave Worcester with the - | | | |regiment. - | | | | - Wheeler, | 24 |Fitchburg. |Aug. 13, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - James | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Williams, | 19 |Warwick. |Aug. 7, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Joseph A. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Winchester, | 24 |Sterling. |Aug. 12, '62.|Discharged for - Emory | | | |disability, May 25, '65, - | | | |order of War Department. - | | | | - Wood, | 37 |Harvard. |Aug. 13, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Benjamin L. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Worcester, | 20 |Harvard. |Aug. 13, '62.|Discharged for - George H. | | | |disability, Jan. 28, '64. - | | | | - _Recruits._ | | | | - | | | | - Clifford, | 45 |Lawrence. |June 9, '64. |Transferred June 8, '65, - William | | | |to 56th Mass. Vols. - | | | | - Dadman, | 24 |Harvard. |Dec. 8, '63. |Transferred June 8, '65, - James F. | | | |to 56th Mass. Vols. - | | | | - Davidson, | 18 |Sterling. |Dec. 26, '63.|Died of disease, Mar. 28, - Lucius D. | | | |'64, at Covington, Ky. - | | | | - Elliott, | 21 |Shirley. |Jan. 4, '64. |Died June 23, '64, at - Estes E. | | | |Washington, D.C., of - | | | |wounds received in action - | | | |at Cold Harbor, Va., June - | | | |3, '64. - | | | | - Fisher, | 26 |Berlin. |Oct. 6, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C., - Francis H. | | | |Dec., '63. Discharged, - | | | |May 16, '65. - | | | | - Hall, Henry | 44 |Harvard. |Dec. 7, '63. |Transferred, June 8, '65, - M. | | | |to 56th Mass. Vols. - | | | | - Haynes, John | 29 |Lancaster. |Jan. 2, '64. |Died of disease, Mar. 19, - C. | | | |'64, at Camp Nelson, Ky. - | | | | - Patrick, G. | 21 |Worcester. |Oct. 14, '64.|Promoted Corporal. - Henry | | | |Transferred to 56th Mass. - | | | |Vols., June 8, '65. - | | | | - =Company H.= | | | |Discharged, Aug. 7, - | | | |'65, by order of War - _1st | | | |Department. - Sergeant._ | | | | - | | | | - Fisher, | 24 |Northfield. |Aug. 10, '62.|Transferred to - Theodore W. | | | |V.R.C., March 2, '64. - | | | |Commissioned 1st Lieut. - _Sergeants._ | | | |62d Mass. Vols. April, - | | | |26, '65. Discharged by - | | | |expiration of term of - | | | |service, May 5, '65. - | | | | - Miller, J. | 30 |Westminster. |Aug. 9, '62. |Discharged Nov. 7, '64, - Hervey | | | |for disability from - | | | |wounds received in action - | | | |at Cold Harbor, Va., June - | | | |3, '64. - | | | | - Perley, | 31 |Gardner. |Aug. 8, '62. |See commissioned officers. - George A. | | | | - | | | | - Whitney, | 45 |Gardner. |Aug. 9, '62. |Discharged for - Asaph B. | | | |disability, June 1, '65. - | | | |Order of War Department. - | | | | - Woodward, | 25 |Orange. |Aug. 6, '62. |See commissioned officers. - Philip G. | | | | - | | | | - _Corporals._ | | | | - | | | | - Fisher, John | 30 |Northfield. |Aug. 8, '62. |Promoted Sergt. - A., Jr. | | | |Discharged for - | | | |disability, Nov. 7, '64. - | | | | - Greenwood, | 21 |Gardner. |Aug. 7, '62. |Discharged for - Marston D. | | | |disability, May 18, '63. - | | | | - Hadley, Henry| 26 |Gardner. |Aug. 9, '62. |Discharged for - | | | |disability, March 4, '63. - | | | | - Howard, | 22 |Orange. |Aug. 6, '62. |Promoted Sergt. - Marcus M. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Howard, | 26 |Gardner. |Aug. 9, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - William | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Mayo, Henry | 21 |Orange. |Aug. 4, '62. |Killed in action at - H. | | | |Wilderness, Va., May 6, - | | | |'64. - | | | | - Pierce, | 31 |Orange. |Aug. 4, '62. |Promoted Sergt. Killed in - Jerome | | | |action at Spottsylvania, - | | | |Va., May 12, '64. - | | | | - Sawin, | 31 |Westminster. |Aug. 11, '62.|Died of disease, Aug. 9, - Farwell | | | |'63, at Vicksburg, Miss. - | | | | - _Musicians._ | | | | - | | | | - Goodspeed, | 21 |Gardner. |Aug. 9, '62. |Discharged, June 1, '63, - Thomas | | | |by reason of death of - | | | |both his parents. - | | | | - Perley, L. | 21 |Gardner. |Aug. 9, '62. |Died of disease, Aug. - Alonzo | | | |19, '63, at Mound City, - | | | |Illinois. - _Wagoner._ | | | | - | | | | - Newton, | 23 |Gardner. |Aug. 9, '62. |Discharged for - Sewell D. | | | |disability, March 18, '65. - | | | | - _Privates._ | | | | - | | | | - Atherton, | 21 |Orange. |Aug. 4, '62. |Discharged for - Amos B. | | | |disability, May 15, '65. - | | | | - Baker, Joel | 21 |Westminster. |Aug. 12, '62.|Promoted Corporal. - V. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Ballou, | 42 |Gardner. |Aug. 13, '62.|Discharged for - Ebenezer | | | |disability, Feb. 5, '63. - | | | | - Barnes, | 21 |Westminster. |July 21, '62.|Discharged for - George W. | | | |disability, Feb. 5, '63. - | | | | - Bishop, | 45 |Gardner. |Aug. 2, '62. |Discharged for - David N. | | | |disability, March 2, '63. - | | | | - Bliss, | 18 |Orange. |Aug. 4, '62. |Died of disease, July 24, - Augustus E. | | | |'63, at Milldale, Miss. - | | | | - Boyden, Henry| 26 |Orange. |Aug. 4, '62. |Died of disease, Aug. 15, - | | | |'63, at Vicksburg, Miss. - | | | | - Boyden, | 37 |Northfield. |Aug. 9, '62. |Discharged for - Loren C. | | | |disability, Sept. 6, '63. - | | | | - Briggs, | 28 |Orange. |July 26, '62.|Prisoner of war. Died at - Waldo W. | | | |Andersonville, Ga., May - | | | |10, '64. - | | | | - Buxton, | 18 |Phillipston. |Aug. 19, '62.|Died of disease, July 23, - Charles W. | | | |'63, at Milldale, Miss. - | | | | - Chamberlain, | 23 |Athol. |Aug. 11, '62.|Discharged for - Warren E. | | | |disability, Feb. 12, '63. - | | | | - Clapp, Asahel| 44 |Gardner. |Aug. 9, '62. |Died of disease, July 20, - | | | |'63, at Clinton, Miss. - | | | | - Clark, George| 30 |Northfield. |Aug. 9, '62. |Discharged for - | | | |disability, Jan. 17, '63. - | | | | - Colburn, | 21 |Gardner. |Aug. 6, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C., - Augustus F. | | | |Feb. 6, '65. - | | | | - Cruse, | 19 |Westminster. |Aug. 7, '62. |Discharged for - William H. | | | |disability, May 13, '65. - | | | | - Cutting, | 26 |Fitchburg. |Aug. 12, '62.|Died of disease, Nov. 9, - Henry J. | | | |'63, Knoxville, Tenn. - | | | | - Cutting, | 26 |Westfield. |Aug. 8, '62. |Promoted Corporal. - Nathan F. | | | |Discharged for - | | | |disability, Dec. 23, '64. - | | | | - Drury, Lyman | 19 |Westminster. |Aug. 11, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - M. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Dutton, | 25 |Northfield. |Aug. 9, '62. |Promoted Corporal. - Samuel D. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Fisher, | 26 |Athol. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged for - Charles D. | | | |disability, Nov. 18, '63. - | | | | - Fisher, | 22 |Northfield. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - George A. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Flint, | 24 |Fitchburg. |Aug. 15, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Edward A. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Foskett, | 22 |Orange. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged for - Albert | | | |disability, May 25, '65. - | | | | - Foster, | 39 |Westminster. |Aug. 9, '62. |Died, Oct. 4, '64, of - Josiah | | | |wounds received in action - | | | |at Cold Harbor, Va., June - | | | |3, '64. - | | | | - Gilbert, | 32 |Gardner. |Aug. 7, '62. |Promoted Corporal. - Charles | | | |Died, July 9, '64, at - | | | |Washington, D.C., of - | | | |wounds received in the - | | | |trenches near Petersburg, - | | | |Va., June 27, '64. - | | | | - Goddard, | 23 |Orange. |Aug. 4, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C., - Artemus W. | | | |Jan. 5, 1864. - | | | | - Goddard, | 21 |Orange. |Aug. 4, '62. |Died of disease, Aug. 17, - William H. | | | |'63, at Louisville, Ky. - | | | | - Gurrell, Wm. | 18 |Westminster. |Aug. 13, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Harris, | 18 |Orange. |Aug. 4, '62. |Died, Oct. 3, '64, of - Caleb C. | | | |wounds received in action - | | | |at Pegram Farm, Va., - | | | |Sept. 30, '64. - | | | | - Harris, | 28 |Northfield. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Joseph A. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Hastings, | 32 |Princeton. |Aug. 11, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Elias O. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Hayward, | 24 |Gardner. |Aug. 9, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Joseph F. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Hills, James | 20 |Orange. |Aug. 7, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - E. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Hobbie, John | 18 |Gardner. |Aug. 9, 62. |Promoted Corp. - D. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Hodgman, | 18 |Gardner. |Aug. 9, '62. |Died of disease, Aug. 18, - Eugene W. | | | |'64, at Washington, D.C. - | | | | - Holden, | 19 |Gardner. |July 15, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Jason C. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Holton, | 19 |Northfield. |Aug. 8, '62. |Died of disease, April - Eugene D. | | | |16, '64, at Camp Nelson, - | | | |Ky. - | | | | - Howe, Wm. L. | 23 |Southfield. |Aug. 4, '62. |See commissioned officers. - | | | | - Jacobs, | 19 |Gardner. |Aug. 11, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Herbert L. P.| | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Kelton, | 18 |Gardner. |Aug. 7, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Charles O. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Learned, | 18 |Ashburnham. |Aug. 19, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Frank S. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Mellen, | 37 |Orange. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged for - Jonathan W. | | | |disability, Dec. 8, '63. - | | | | - Merrill, | 18 |Athol. |Aug. 11, '62.|Promoted Corp. - Henry S. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Merrill, J. | 19 |Athol. |Aug. 11, '62.|Promoted Corp. and Sergt. - Arnold | | | |Discharged for disability - | | | |from wounds, Nov. 7, '64. - | | | | - Miller, | 27 |Westminster. |Aug. 11, '62.|Died of disease, April - George W. | | | |17, '63, at Baltimore, Md. - | | | | - Moore, Sumner| 28 |Orange. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Mossman, | 26 |Westminster. |Aug. 18, '61.|Transferred to V.R.C., - Austin | | | |Nov. --, '64. - | | | | - Nichols, | 21 |Gardner. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - George B. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Parish, | 43 |Gardner. |July 25, '62.|See non-commissioned - George F. | | | |staff. - | | | | - Perry, | 25 |Templeton. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged for - Charles M. | | | |disability, July 30, '63. - | | | | - Perry, Wm. H.| 19 |Phillipston. |Aug. 18, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Pierce, | 18 |Orange. |Aug. 4, '62. |Prisoner of war. Captured - Joseph H. | | | |at Pegram Farm, Sept. - | | | |30, '64. Exchanged. - | | | |Discharged, June 21, '65. - | | | | - Pierce, | 23 |Westminster. |Aug. 11, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Nelson P. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Pratt, John | 20 |Westminster. |Aug. 11, '62.|Discharged for - W. | | | |disability, Oct. 18, '64. - | | | | - Pratt, Wm. H.| 36 |Gardner. |Aug. 7, '62. |Died of disease, Oct. 6, - | | | |'63, at Crab Orchard, Ky. - | | | | - Reed, George | 24 |Gardner. |Aug. 7, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - W. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Reed, Luther | 26 |Gardner. |Aug. 7, '62. |Killed in action at - P. | | | |Wilderness, Va., May 6, - | | | |'64. - | | | | - Remington, | 34 |Gardner. |Aug. 7, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Dyer O. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Rich, Joshua | 32 |Athol. |Aug. 5, '62. |Killed in action at - | | | |Wilderness, Va., May 6, - | | | |'64. - | | | | - Rich, Osgood | 25 |Orange. |Aug. 4, '62. |Discharged for - | | | |disability, April 23, '64. - | | | | - Rugg, Wm. B. | 40 |Gardner. |Aug. 7, '62. |Discharged for - | | | |disability, April 26, '63. - | | | | - Saunders, B. | 40 |Gardner. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Frank | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Sawin, | 21 |Westminster. |Aug. 11, '62.|Died of disease, Nov. 24, - Harrison P. | | | |'62, at Knoxville, Md. - | | | | - Seaver, | 18 |Westminster. |Aug. 14, '62.|Discharged for - Edward A. | | | |disability, Dec. 24, '63. - | | | | - Smith, | 37 |Gardner. |Aug. 12, '62.|Discharged for - Daniel J. | | | |disability, June 1, '63. - | | | | - Smith, | 20 |Orange. |Aug. 4, '62. |Promoted Corp. Discharged - William N. | | | |for disability, Dec. 23, - | | | |'64. - | | | | - Stevens, | 39 |Orange. |Aug. 4, '62. |Killed in action at - Edwin | | | |Campbell's Station, - | | | |Tenn., Nov. 16, '63. - | | | | - Stone, | 28 |Northfield. |Aug. 9, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Elliott D. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Stone, John | 24 |Northfield. |Aug. 9, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C., - D. | | | |Jan. 15, '64. - | | | | - Thomas, | 21 |Barre. |July 29, '62.|Prisoner of war. Captured - Samuel | | | |at Campbell's Station, - | | | |Tenn., Nov. 16, '63. Died - | | | |in captivity. Date and - | | | |place unknown. - | | | | - Turner, | 30 |Northfield. |Aug. 2, '62. |Discharged for - Frank H. | | | |disability, Nov. 20, '63. - | | | | - Underwood, | 20 |Orange. |Aug. 5, '62. |Discharged for - Samuel L. | | | |disability, Dec. 30, '62. - | | | | - Wallace, | 33 |Gardner. |Aug. 7, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Franklin | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Ward, Edmund | 25 |Orange. |Aug. 4, '62. |Died, June 18, '64, of - S. | | | |wounds received in action - | | | |near Petersburg, Va., - | | | |June 17, '64. - | | | | - Ward, Nathan | 19 |Orange. |Aug. 4, '62. |Died of disease, Oct. 21, - W. | | | |'63, at Knoxville, Tenn. - | | | | - Wetherbee, | 23 |Westminster. |Aug. 11, '62.|Discharged for disability - Henry W. | | | |from wounds, Sept. 27, - | | | |'64. - | | | | - Winslow, | 23 |N. |Aug. 18, '62.|Killed in action at - Lewis D. | |Brookfield. | |Spottsylvania, Va., May - | | | |12, '64. - | | | | - Wood, Alden | 37 |Gardner. |Aug. 9, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C. - B. | | | |Discharged, Nov. 10, '65. - | | | | - Woodward, | 40 |Orange. |July 31, '62.|Died of disease, Aug. 10, - Hiram C. | | | |'63, at Camp Dennison, - | | | |Ohio. - | | | | - Woodward, | 42 |Westminster. |Aug. 13, '62.|Died of disease, Oct. 19, - Horace S. | | | |'63, at Knoxville, Tenn. - | | | | - Woodward, | 27 |Orange. |Aug. 4, '62. |Promoted Corporal. - Warner C. | | | |Discharged for - | | | |disability, Dec. 23, '64. - | | | | - Young, | 18 |Westminster. |Aug. 11, '62.|Died, May 14, '64, at - Edward O. | | | |Fredericksburg, Va., - | | | | - _Recruits._ | | | |of wounds received in - | | | |action at the Wilderness, - | | | |Va., May 6, '64. - | | | | - Cochrane, | 16 |Phillipston. |Mar. 21, '65.|Transferred, June 8, '65, - John | | | |to 56th Mass. Vol. - | | | | - Grafton, | 16 |Phillipston. |Mar. 18, '65.|Transferred, June 8, '65, - George | | | |to 56th Mass. Vol. - | | | | - =Company I.= | | | | - | | | | - _1st | | | | - Sergeant._ | | | | - | | | | - White, | 29 |Upton. |Aug. 8, '62. |See commissioned officers. - Alonzo A. | | | | - | | | | - _Sergeants._ | | | | - | | | | - Arnold, | 37 |Oxford. |Aug. 2, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Russell | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Howe, Rufus | 24 |Marlborough. |Aug. 1, '62. |See commissioned officers. - | | | | - Moore, Henry | 27 |Marlborough. |Aug. 1, '62. |Discharged, June 1, '65, - S. | | | |for disability, by order - | | | |of War Dept. - | | | | - Sprague, | 38 |Uxbridge. |Aug. 7, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C., - George W. | | | |Jan. 21, '64. - | | | | - _Corporals._ | | | | - | | | | - Arnold, | 22 |Marlborough. |Aug. 1, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Savillion | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Chamberlain, | 23 |Berlin. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged for - Spencer C. | | | |disability, May 22, '65. - | | | |Order War Dept. - | | | | - Houghton, | 26 |Bolton. |July 23, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Andrew J. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Russell, John| 32 |Marlborough. |Aug. 1, '62. |Promoted Sergeant. - | | | |Discharged for - | | | |disability, Nov. 11, '64. - | | | | - Snow, Ansel | 31 |Berlin. |Aug. 1, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - L. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Southland, | 28 |Upton. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Judson | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Thompson, | 22 |Uxbridge. |Aug. 4, '62. |Died of disease, Jan. 29, - Samuel C. | | | |'64, at Portsmouth Grove - | | | |Hospital, R.I. - | | | | - Williams, | 33 |Uxbridge. |Aug. 1, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Aaron M. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - _Musicians._ | | | | - | | | | - Houghton, | 18 |Clinton. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Nathaniel J. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Sawyer, | 32 |Berlin. |Aug. 12, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Oliver | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - _Wagoner._ | | | | - | | | | - Kimball, | 35 |Berlin. |Aug. 7, '62. |Discharged for - Joseph E. | | | |disability. Date unknown. - | | | | - _Privates._ | | | | - | | | | - Adams, | 28 |Worcester. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Charles B. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Allen, | 31 |Berlin. |Aug. 14, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - Nathan M. | | | |March 17, '64. - | | | | - Bailey, | 38 |Upton. |July 23, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - William H. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Bardwell, | 30 |Upton. |Aug. 8, '62. |Died, May 10, '64, at - George W. | | | |Fredericksburg, Va., - | | | |of wounds received in - | | | |action, at Wilderness, - | | | |Va., May 6, '64. - | | | | - Barnard, | 40 |Marlborough. |July 31, '62.|Discharged for - Benjamin | | | |disability, Mar. 13, '63. - | | | | - Barnes, Edwin| 25 |Bolton. |July 16, '62.|Died, Feb. 9, 1865, at - | | | |Washington, D.C., of - | | | |wounds received in front - | | | |of Fort Rice, Petersburg, - | | | |Va., Dec. 29, '64. - | | | | - Barry, James | 18 |Berlin. |July 12, '62.|Promoted Corporal. Killed - H. | | | |in the trenches, near - | | | |Petersburg, Va., July 1, - | | | |'64. - | | | | - Bartlett, | 21 |Bolton. |July 23, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Henry | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Bartlett, | 18 |Bolton. |July 23, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Theodore H. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Batchelder, | 25 |W. Boylston. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Arthur B. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Bates, | 21 |Upton. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged for - Junius D. | | | |disability, Feb. 20, '63. - | | | | - Bean, Hiram | 21 |Marlborough. |Aug. 13, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - P. | | | |Jan. 23, '65. - | | | | - Bellows, | 26 |Oxford. |Aug. 5, '62. |Died of wounds received - Julius N. | | | |in action, at Wilderness, - | | | |Va., May 6, '64. - | | | | - Bigelow, | 18 |Berlin. |July 11, '62.|Discharged for - Edwin J. | | | |disability, Nov. 21, '63. - | | | | - Bigelow, | 40 |Worcester. |Aug. 5, '62. |Died of disease, Aug. 25, - Solomon S. | | | |'63, at Nicholasville, Ky. - | | | | - Bolton, | 27 |W. Boylston. |Aug. 9, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Henry E. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Bosworth, | 28 |Upton. |Aug. 12, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - John A. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Bowers, | 34 |Shrewsbury. |Aug. 12, '62.|Died of disease, Sept. - George H. | | | |21, '63, at Camp - | | | |Dennison, Ohio. - | | | | - Brown, | 39 |Oxford. |Aug. 1, '62. |Died of disease, July 26, - Josiah G. | | | |'63, at Milldale, Miss. - | | | | - Brown, | 18 |Upton. |Aug. 12, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Nelson H. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Brown, Oscar | 20 |Oxford. |Aug. 6, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C., - H. | | | |Aug. 3, '64. - | | | | - Brown, | 26 |W. Boylston. |Aug. 8, '62. |Reported as a deserter, - William N. | | | |May 26, '63. - | | | | - Carter, | 18 |Berlin. |July 24, '62.|Wounded, and captured in - George I. | | | |action, at Pegram Farm, - | | | |Va., Sept. 30, '64; died - | | | |at Petersburg, Va., same - | | | |day. - | | | | - Carter, | 23 |Berlin. |July 22, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Israel F. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Chamberlain, | 29 |Upton. |Aug. 8,'62. |Died of disease, Feb. 28, - Lorenzo S. | | | |'64, at Knoxville, Tenn. - | | | | - Chamberlain, | 18 |Upton. |Aug. 8, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C., - Orra | | | |Feb. 26, '64. - | | | | - Chase, | 22 |Berlin. |Aug. 7,'62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Harvey J. | | | |expiration of service; - | | | |absent, sick. - | | | | - Childs, | 23 |Oxford. |Aug. 2, '62. |Killed in action, at - Daniel V. | | | |Wilderness, Va., May 6, - | | | |'64. - | | | | - Childs, | 18 |Oxford. |Aug. 2, '62. |Died of disease, April 4, - Jacob L. | | | |'64, at Covington, Ky. - | | | | - Claflin, | 24 |Upton. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged for - Myron W. | | | |disability, Mar. 28, '64. - | | | | - Clapp, | 18 |Stow. |Aug. 1, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C., - Reuben L. | | | |April 1, '65. - | | | | - Coburn, | 20 |Berlin. |July 7, '62. |Died, Sept. 18, '64, at - William H. | | | |Washington, D.C., of - | | | |wounds received in action - | | | |at the Wilderness, Va., - | | | |May 6, '64. - | | | | - Cole, George | 18 |Marlborough. |July 27, '62.|On detached service in - O. | | | |Provost-Marshal's Dep., - | | | |Kentucky. Discharged Aug. - | | | |26, '65, expiration of - | | | |service, having served - | | | |three years, and was the - | | | |last man mustered out of - | | | |the regiment. - | | | | - Crocker, Ezra| 41 |Bolton. |July 27, '62.|Died, Dec. 10, '63, of - | | | |disease, at Knoxville, - | | | |Tenn. - | | | | - Crossman, | 19 |Berlin. |July 26, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - John F. | | | |expiration of service; - | | | |absent, sick. - | | | | - Crouch, | 22 |Marlborough. |Aug. 7, '62. |Discharged for - Elathan | | | |disability, Feb. 5, '63. - | | | | - Davenport, | 32 |Upton. |July 8, '62. |Discharged for - William | | | |disability, June 16, '63. - | | | | - Farnsworth, | 23 |Bolton. |July 23, '62.|Died, May 23, '64, at - Franklin | | | |Fredericksburg, Va., - | | | |of wounds received in - | | | |action, at Spottsylvania, - | | | |Va., May 12, '64. - | | | | - Fletcher, | 20 |Sutton. |Aug. 6, '62. |Died of disease, Dec. 8, - Francis | | | |'62, at Falmouth, Va. - | | | | - Fletcher, | 20 |Berlin. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - George F. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Florence, | 21 |Berlin. |July 25, '62.|Died of disease, Mar. 5, - William | | | |'63, at Falmouth, Va. - | | | | - Goddard, | 20 |Berlin. |Aug. 6, '62. |Died of disease, Sept. - Silas E. | | | |10, '63, at Crab Orchard, - | | | |Ky. - | | | | - Goodnow, | 34 |Marlborough. |Aug. 2, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - James H. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Gould, | 37 |Uxbridge. |Aug. 2, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - William | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Hall, | 35 |Uxbridge. |Aug. 7, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Benjamin | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Hall, | 30 |Upton. |Aug. 8, '62. |Died, July 26, '64, at - Hezekiah | | | |Washington, D.C., of - | | | |wounds received June 24, - | | | |'64, in the trenches in - | | | |front of Petersburg, Va. - | | | | - Hall, William| 28 |Upton. |Aug. 7, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C. - | | | |Discharged, Aug. 27, '65. - | | | | - Hill, Ezra J.| 22 |Uxbridge. |Aug. 6, '62. |Promoted Corporal. - | | | |Discharged for - | | | |disability, Dec. 23, '64. - | | | | - Holt, Oscar | 19 |Berlin. |Aug. 7, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - W. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Houghton, | 18 |Bolton. |July 28, '62.|Died, May 8, '64, en - Josiah | | | |route to Fredericksburg, - | | | |Va., of wounds received - | | | |in action, at Wilderness, - | | | |Va., May 6, '64. - | | | | - Howe, | 18 |Clinton. |Aug. 15, '62.|Prisoner of war, - Charles H. | | | |captured, near Rutledge, - | | | |Tenn., Dec. 15, '63. - | | | |Died, Aug. 27, '64, at - | | | |Andersonville, Ga. - | | | | - Johnson, | 33 |Upton. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged for - Alvah H. | | | |disability, June 5, '65. - | | | | - Lawrence, | 22 |Harvard. |July 21, '62.|Discharged for - Henry | | | |disability, March 4, '63. - | | | | - Lavin, Luke | 34 |Upton. |Aug. 5, '62. |Discharged for - | | | |disability, Dec. 23, '64. - | | | | - Leighton, | 18 |Upton. |Aug. 5, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C, - Hazen D. | | | |Sept. 4, '64. - | | | | - Magee, | 21 |Uxbridge. |Aug. 7, '62. |Discharged for - Johnson | | | |disability, Feb. 26, '63. - | | | | - Marble, | 21 |Blackstone. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged for - Truman | | | |disability, Feb. 7, '65. - | | | | - Martin, John | 19 |Berlin. |July 12, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - T. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Maynard, | 19 |Berlin. |Aug. 6, '62. |Promoted Corporal and - Emory T. | | | |Sergeant. Discharged for - | | | |disability, Dec. 23, '64. - | | | | - McGrath, John| 22 |Upton. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Moore, | 25 |Marlborough. |Aug. 5, '62. |Discharged for disability. - Hopkins E. | | | | - | | | | - Mundell, | 29 |Marlborough. |Aug. 7, '62. |Died of disease, Aug. 5, - George H. | | | |'63, on board steamer - | | | |"Hiawatha," en route from - | | | |Vicksburg, Miss., to - | | | |Cairo, Ill. - | | | | - Nourse, | 18 |Marlborough. |Aug. 2, '62. |Killed in action, at - George | | | |Wilderness, Va., May 6, - | | | |'64. - | | | | - Patten, | 21 |Upton. |Aug. 7, '62. |Killed in action, at - Isaac R. | | | |Wilderness, Va., May 6, - | | | |'64. - | | | | - Perham, | 27 |Upton. |Aug. 7, '62. |Promoted Corporal. - Lysander M. | | | |Discharged for - | | | |disability, June 3, '65, - | | | |order of War Dept. - | | | | - Richardson, | 40 |Auburn. |Aug. 4, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Aaron M. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Roberts, | 32 |Marlborough. |July 27, '62.|Supposed killed in - James H. | | | |action, at Spottsvlvania, - | | | |Va., May 16, '64. - | | | | - Rogers, | 22 |Upton. |Aug. 5, '62. |Promoted Corporal and - Stephen S. | | | |Sergeant. Discharged June - | | | |8, '65, expiration of - | | | |service. - | | | | - Sawyer, | 39 |Bolton. |Aug. 9, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - George F. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Scarborough, | 29 |Uxbridge. |Aug. 7, '62. |Promoted Corp. - Elias | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Seagrave, | 23 |Uxbridge. |Aug. 7, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C. - Clinton | | | |Discharged, July 5, '65. - | | | | - Slocum, | 32 |Uxbridge. |Aug. 6. '62. |Discharged for - Erastus B. | | | |disability, March 5, '63. - | | | | - Thomas, | 38 |Bolton. |July 25, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - George H. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - True, George | 24 |Marlborough. |July 25, '62.|Discharged for - S. | | | |disability, March 12, '63. - | | | | - Wetherbee, | 24 |Bolton. |July 23, '62.|Discharged for disability - Asahel C. | | | |from wounds, June 17, '65. - | | | | - Wetherbee, | 18 |Bolton. |July 22, '62.|Discharged, June 8,'65, - Henry M. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Wetherbee, | 42 |Bolton. |July 24, '62.|Discharged for - Reuben L. | | | |disability, June 28, '65. - | | | | - Willis, | 37 |Bolton. |July 27, '62.|Discharged for - George L. | | | |disability, Nov. 17, '63. - | | | | - Wheeler, | 19 |Uxbridge. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Charles H. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Wilson, | 20 |Boylston. |July 22, '62.|Died, June 28, '64, - Watson | | | |at Washington, D.C., - | | | |of wounds received in - | | | |action, at Cold Harbor, - | | | |Va., June 3, '64. - | | | | - Woodbury, | 38 |Bolton. |July 23, '62.|Killed in action, at Cold - Elijah | | | |Harbor, Va., June 3, '63. - | | | | - Wood, George | 22 |Upton. |July 28, '62 |Discharged for - A. | | | |disability, March 21, '64. - | | | | - =Company K.= | | | | - | | | | - _1st | | | | - Sergeant._ | | | | - | | | | - Fairbank, | 23 |Oakham. |Aug. 11, '62.|See commissioned officers. - John B. | | | | - | | | | - _Sergeants._ | | | | - | | | | - Duncan, | 40 |Ashburnham. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged for - George H. | | | |disability, May 31, '65, - | | | |order of War Department. - | | | | - Fish, | 22 |Ashburnham. |Aug. 15, '62.|Discharged for disability - Charles I. | | | |from wounds, May 19, '65, - | | | |order of War Department. - | | | | - Howell, | 23 |Oakham. |Aug. 5, '62. |Discharged for disability - Silas, Jr. | | | |from wounds, June 22, - | | | |'65, order of War - | | | |Department. - | | | | - Moore, | 22 |Holden. |July 28, '62.|Died of disease, March 1, - Harlan P. | | | |'64, at Camp Nelson, Ky. - | | | | - Putnam, | 18 |Warwick. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged for disability. - Joseph D. | | | | - | | | | - _Corporals._ | | | | - | | | | - Avery, | 26 |Holyoke. |Aug. 6, '62. |Promoted Sergeant and - Charles B. | | | |First Sergeant. Died July - | | | |7, '64, at Washington, D. - | | | |C, of wounds received in - | | | |action, at Cold Harbor, - | | | |Va., June 3, '64. - | | | | - Cross, Allen | 26 |Westborough. |Aug. 7, '62. |See commissioned officers. - W. | | | | - | | | | - Green, | 40 |Greenwich. |Aug. 5, '62. |Discharged for disability - Francis A. | | | |from wounds, Dec. 23, '64. - | | | | - Harty, John | 18 |Ashburnham. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged for disability. - B. | | | | - | | | | - Lansey, Eli | 30 |Lunenburg. |Aug. 8, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C. - S. | | | | - | | | | - McDonough, | 19 |Rutland. |Aug. 5, '62. |Discharged for - Charles E. | | | |disability, Feb. 18, '63. - | | | | - Metcalf, Otis| 45 |Ashburnham. |Aug. 5, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C., - | | | |April 18, '65. - | | | | - Wright, | 28 |Holyoke. |Aug. 7, '62. |Promoted Sergeant. - Joseph W. | | | |Discharged for - | | | |disability, Dec. 23, '64. - _Musicians._ | | | | - | | | | - Howe, Edson | 44 |Rutland. |Aug. 6, '62. |Transferred to Band of 2d - H. | | | |Division, 9th A. C, Nov. - | | | |1, '63. - | | | | - Merrill, | 37 |Lunenburg. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged for - George H. | | | |disability, June 9, '65, - | | | |order of War Department. - _Privates._ | | | | - | | | | - Allard, | 26 |Ashburnham. |Aug. 6, '62. |Died of disease, Sept. - Charles W. | | | |15, '62, at Worcester, - | | | |Mass. - | | | | - Arley, Doctor| 28 |Northborough.|Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged for - | | | |disability. Date not - | | | |given. - | | | | - Baxter, Adam | 19 |Fitchburg. |July 17, '62.|Reported as a deserter, - | | | |Sept, 18, '62. - | | | | - Biron, | 19 |Ashburnham. |Aug. 6, '62. |Promoted Corporal. - Frederick | | | |Died, Jan. 11, '64, - | | | |at Knoxville, Tenn., - | | | |of wounds received in - | | | |action, at Campbell's - | | | |Station, Tenn., Nov. 16, - | | | |'63. - | | | | - Blake, John | 26 |Northfield. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - H. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Burton, | 23 |Douglas. |Aug. 12, '62.|Promoted Corporal and - Daniel A. | | | |Sergeant. Died, Oct. 19, - | | | |'64, of wounds received - | | | |in action at Pegram Farm, - | | | |Oct. 2, '64. - | | | | - Butters, | 18 |Fitchburg. |July 28, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - Henry W. | | | |and discharged for - | | | |disability. - | | | | - Callihan, | 26 |Fitchburg. |July 23, '62.|Reported as a deserter, - James | | | |June 9, '63. - | | | | - Callihan, | 40 |Douglas. |Aug. 13, '62.|Discharged for - Patrick | | | |disability, Feb. 19, '63. - | | | | - Chamberlain, | 20 |Oakham. |Aug. 4, '62. |See commissioned officers. - Edward | | | | - | | | | - Chamberlain, | 22 |Fitchburg. |Aug. 15, '62.|Discharged for - Orrin S. | | | |disability, March 14, '63. - | | | | - Chamberlain, | 24 |Fitchburg. |Aug. 13, '62.|Discharged for - Silas L. | | | |disability, May 29, '65. - | | | | - Chapman, | 25 |Douglas. |Aug. 10, '62.|Killed in the trenches in - Leonard A. | | | |front of Petersburg, Va., - | | | |July 18, '64. - | | | | - Cosgraves, | 30 |Blackstone. |Aug. 9, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Michael | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Cummings, | 18 |N. |Aug. 16, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - James B. | |Brookfield. | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Cummings, | 37 |Paxton. |Aug. 7, '62. |Promoted Corporal. - John A. | | | |Discharged for - | | | |disability, Dec. 27, '64. - | | | | - Cutting, | 32 |Northfield. |Aug. 7, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Samuel, Jr. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Dean, Daniel | 19 |Braintree. |Aug. 8, '62. |Died of disease, Nov. __, - W. | | | |'62. - | | | | - Dean, Seth | 24 |Braintree. |Aug. 8, '62. |Died of disease, Jan. 27, - | | | |'63. - | | | | - Dewing, | 26 |Worcester. |Aug. 9, '62. |Reported as a deserter, - Charles P. | | | |April 16, '63. - | | | | - Doyle, John | 45 |Athol. |July 19, '62.|Prisoner of war. - | | | |Captured, Sept. 30, - | | | |'64. Discharged for - | | | |disability, June 22, '65, - | | | |order of War Department. - | | | | - Finney, John | 29 |Ashburnham. |Aug. 5, '62. |Discharged for disability - L. | | | |from wounds, Jan. 13, '65. - | | | | - Flynn, John | 26 |Fitchburg. |July 25, '62.|Died, June 5, '64, of - | | | |wounds received in action - | | | |at Cold Harbor, Va., June - | | | |3, '65. - | | | | - Foley, James | 24 |Greenwich. |Aug. 11, '62.|Promoted Corporal and - O. | | | |Sergeant. Discharged for - | | | |disability, Nov. 11, '64. - | | | | - Freeman, | 29 |Douglas. |Aug. 11, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Elias H. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Foster, | 18 |Fitchburg. |July 23, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C. - George W. | | | | - | | | | - Gale, | 30 |Ashburnham. |Aug. 15, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Chester B. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Gillis, James| 44 |Fitchburg. |July 12, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Graves, | 32 |Marlborough. |Aug. 13, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Henry E. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Greenwood, | 23 |Webster. |Aug. 5, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Charles O. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Griswold, | 44 |Fitchburg. |July 26, '62.|Discharged for - William W. | | | |disability, Jan., '62. - | | | | - Gould, Moses | 35 |Milford. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Hair, | 32 |N. |Aug. 6, '62. |On detached service. - Addison S. | |Brookfield. | |Discharged, June 16, '65, - | | | |expiration of service, - | | | |order War Dept. - | | | | - Harrigan, | 16 |Fitchburg. |Aug. 6, '62. |Died, July 19, '64, of - Jeremiah | | | |wounds received in the - | | | |trenches near Petersburg, - | | | |Va., July 17, '64. - | | | | - Haskell, | 42 |Oakham. |July 27, '62.|Mortally wounded in - Charles L. | | | |action, near Petersburg, - | | | |Va., April 2, '65, and - | | | |died same day. - | | | | - Hoffman, Max | 22 |Ashburnham. |Aug. 6, '62. |Promoted Corp. Killed in - | | | |action, near Petersburg, - | | | |Va., June 17, '64. - | | | | - Hudson, | 21 |Douglas. |Aug. 20, '62.|Prisoner of war. - Matthew | | | |Captured in action, at - | | | |Spottsylvania, Va., - | | | |May 12, '64. Died at - | | | |Florence, S.C., Nov. - | | | |23,'64. - | | | | - Johnson, | 28 |Oakham. |Aug. 12, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - James D. | | | |July 7, '63. - | | | | - Joice, | 39 |Fitchburg. |Aug. 16, '62.|Reported as a deserter, - Bartholomew. | | | |June 9, '63. - | | | | - Joice, David | 28 |Fitchburg. |July 23, '62.|Reported as a deserter - | | | |from General Hospital, - | | | |May 20, '63. - | | | | - Keyes, Joel | 22 |Deerfield. |Aug. 13, '62.|Discharged for - | | | |disability, Feb. 11, '63. - | | | | - King, Daniel | 19 |Fitchburg. |Aug. 1, '62. |Transferred to Battery E, - | | | |Second U.S. Artillery, - | | | |Sept., '62. - | | | | - Lahee, | 21 |Lenox. |July 29, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - Jeremiah | | | |July 1, '63. - | | | | - Larby, | 23 |Ashburnham. |Aug. 6, '62. |Reported as a deserter, - Mitchell | | | |Sept. 12, '62. - | | | | - Lawrence, | 26 |Ashburnham. |Aug. 11, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - John C. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Malendy, | 20 |Deerfield. |Aug. 1, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C., - Alphonso H. | | | |Dec. '20, '64. - | | | | - Mandell, | 42 |Heath. |Aug. 1, '62. |Discharged for disability - Algernon S. | | | |from wounds, June 8, '65. - | | | | - McCarty, | 19 |Gardner. |Aug. 6, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C., - Edward | | | |July 1, '63. - | | | | - Merriam, | 21 |Ashburnham. |Aug. 6, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C., - Edward B. | | | |and discharged, July 5, - | | | |'65. - | | | | - Morey, | 19 |Douglas. |Aug. 11, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - William | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Mullen, | 27 |Millbury. |Aug. 14, '62.|Transferred to Battery E, - Dennis | | | |Second U.S. Artillery, - | | | |Sept., '62. - | | | | - Murphy, | 28 |Ashburnham. |Aug. 1, '62. |Transferred to Battery E, - Dennis | | | |Second U.S. Artillery, - | | | |Oct., '62. - | | | | - Murphy, | 30 |Fitchburg. |July 26, '62.|Reported as a deserter. - Morris | | | | - | | | | - Nickerson, | 36 |Ashburnham. |Aug. 11, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Cyrus W. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Oakes, Joseph| 18 |Ashburnham. |Aug. 5, '62. |Discharged for - | | | |disability, June 8, '65. - | | | | - Parker, | 42 |Princeton. |Aug. 14, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - George | | | |Sept. 1, '63. - | | | | - Pellet, Lewis| 38 |Oakham. |Aug. 4, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Rawson, | 38 |Oakham. |Aug. 4, '62. |Died of disease, Aug. 4, - Daniel, Jr. | | | |'63, at Baltimore, Md. - | | | | - Reed, B. | 28 |Oakham. |Aug. 12, '62.|Died, Jan. 17, '64, - Miles | | | |at Knoxville, Tenn., - | | | |of wounds received in - | | | |action, at Campbell's - | | | |Station, Tenn., Nov. 16, - | | | |'63. - | | | | - Rice, John | 38 |Westborough. |Aug. 18, '62.|Transferred to V.R.C., - | | | |Jan. 3, '63. - | | | | - Ryan, Thomas | 19 |Ashburnham. |Aug. 6, '62. |Discharged for - H. | | | |disability, March 31, '63. - | | | | - Sampson, | 18 |Holyoke. |Aug. 7, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - George D. | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Sherbert, | 36 |Ashburnham. |Aug. 6, '62. |Reported as a deserter, - Charles | | | |Aug. 20, '63. - | | | | - Sibley, | 29 |Ashburnham. |Aug. 5, '62. |Discharged for - Edward | | | |disability, April 12, '65. - | | | | - Smith, | 22 |Fitchburg. |Aug. 13, '62.|Died, July 10, '64, - Albert C. | | | |at Washington, D.C., - | | | |of wounds received in - | | | |action, at Cold Harbor, - | | | |Va., June 3, '64. - | | | | - Smith, Silas | 26 |Grafton. |Aug. 8, '62. |Promoted Corporal and - W. | | | |Sergt. Discharged, June - | | | |8, '65, expiration of - | | | |service. - | | | | - Spaulding, | 21 |Northfield. |Aug. 8, '62. |Reported as a deserter, - Charles H. | | | |Sept. 20, '63. - | | | | - Spooner, | 38 |Oakham. |July 30, '62.|Discharged for - Edwin C. | | | |disability, March 25, '65. - | | | | - Stearns, | 26 |Oakham. |Aug. 15, '62.|Died of disease, Sept. - Charles H. | | | |15, '63, at Crab Orchard, - | | | |Ky. - | | | | - Stevens, | 26 |Greenwich. |Aug. 4, '62. |Promoted Corporal and - Joseph H. | | | |Sergt., color-bearer. - | | | |Discharged for disability - | | | |from wounds, Nov. 11, '64. - | | | | - Stevens, | 41 |Leominster. |July 14, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - Robert | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Thompson, | 39 |N. |Aug. 11, '62.|Prisoner of war. Captured - Alvin M. | |Brookfield. | |at Campbell's Station, - | | | |Tenn., Nov. 16, '63. Died - | | | |at Belle Isle, Richmond, - | | | |Va. - | | | | - Tighe, John | 32 |Fitchburg. |Aug. 20, '62.|Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service - | | | | - Vaughn, | 32 |Lunenburg. |Aug. 24, '62.|Died, May 29, '64, at - Sam'l Gardner| | | |Washington, D.C., of - | | | |wounds received in action - | | | |at Spottsylvania, Va., - | | | |May 12, '64 - | | | | - Ware, William| 34 |Paxton. |Aug. 7, '62. |Transferred to V.R.C. - | | | | - Washburn, | 19 |Holyoke. |Aug. 5, '62. |See non-commissioned - Ostenello | | | |staff. - | | | | - Webster, | 28 |Northfield. |Aug. 8, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - George | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Wilder, | 22 |Braintree. |Aug. 11, '62.|Promoted Corporal. - Albert G. | | | |Transferred to V.R.C., - | | | |May 31, '64. - | | | | - Wilson, Hiram| 33 |Uxbridge. |Aug. 22, '62.|Reported as a deserter, - | | | |May, '63. - | | | | - Woodside, | 42 |Westboro'. |Aug. 5, '62. |Discharged, June 8, '65, - Samuel | | | |expiration of service. - | | | | - Wyman, Asa | 43 |Athol. |July 21, '62.|Died of disease, May 7, - | | | |'64. - _Recruits._ | | | | - | | | | - Corey, | 19 |Worcester. |Mar. 20, '65.|Transferred, June 8, '65, - Edward B. | | | |to 56th Mass. Vols. - | | | | - Noi, Henry | 18 |Millbury. |Jan. 5, '64. |Transferred June 8, '65, - | | | |to 56th Mass. Vols. - | | | | - Oliver, | 22 |Ashburnham. |Jan. 5, '64. |Died of disease, Jan. 29, - Sylvester F. | | | |'65. - | | | | - Parker, | 21 |Lancaster. |Dec. 29, '63.|Unassigned recruit. - Leonard H. | | | |Discharged, June 8, '65, - | | | |expiration of service. - -------------+----+-------------+-------------+-------------------------- - - - - -RECAPITULATION. - - -Total number on the rolls of the regiment, including recruits, -musicians, and all non-combatants:-- - - Commissioned officers (including 10 of 21st Mass.) 77 - Enlisted men 1,031 - - - CASUALTIES IN THE SERVICE. - - _Killed and died of wounds in battle_,-- - Commissioned officers 5 - Enlisted men 102 - - _Died of disease_,-- - Commissioned officers 3 - Enlisted men 115 - - _Died in captivity_,-- - Enlisted men 25 - - _Discharged or transferred to V.R.C. for disability_,-- - Commissioned officers 9 - Enlisted men 360 - - _Deserted_,-- - Enlisted men 37 - - _Transferred to Regular Army and Navy_,-- - Enlisted men 6 - - _Transferred to 56th Mass. Vols. (Recruits)_,-- - Enlisted men 27 - - _Transferred to Band, Second Division, 9th A. C._,-- - Enlisted men 1 - - _By special order War Department_,-- - Enlisted men 1 - - _Discharged for promotion_,-- - Commissioned officers 2 - Enlisted men 35 - - _Resigned_,-- - Commissioned officers 15 - - _Honorably discharged_,-- - Commissioned officers 2 - - _Discharged, expiration of service_,-- - Commissioned officers 41 - Enlisted men 322 - -The number of deserters includes six who deserted at Worcester before -the regiment left that city, and six others before it reached the seat -of war,--reducing the number of desertions from the regiment while in -the service to twenty-five. - -The loss in the Thirty-sixth Regiment during its term of service, by -deaths on the field and of wounds received in battle, and of disease -contracted in the service, was twenty and one-half per cent. of the -total number enrolled. - - - - -NAMES OF ENLISTED MEN WHO DIED IN REBEL PRISONS. - - -It is impossible to ascertain the names of all the members of the -regiment who were captured by the enemy and held as prisoners of war -during the regiment's term of service; but the following is believed to -be a complete list of those who died during their captivity:-- - - =Company A.= - Augustus Petts Andersonville Aug. 12, 1864. - Alfred S. Tucker Salisbury, N.C. Feb., 1865. - - =Company B.= - Wm. F. Walden Andersonville Aug. 29, 1864. - - =Company C.= - Sergeant Chas. H. Boswell Belle Isle, Richmond, Va. Feb. 15, 1864. - Daniel H. Park Andersonville May 13, 1864. - Lucius A. Reynolds Andersonville July 7, 1864. - Frederick Ruth Andersonville Aug. 17, 1864. - Hartwell C. Twichell Andersonville Aug. 21, 1864. - - =Company D.= - Robert Bruce Richmond, Va. June 9, 1864. - - =Company E.= - Warren C. Holbrook Salisbury, N.C. Nov. 5, 1864. - Reuben Jackson Salisbury, N.C. Nov. 26, 1864. - Lyman McDowell Salisbury, N.C. Feb. 1, 1865. - Myron R. Wood, date and place of death unknown. - - =Company F.= - Roger Eccles Salisbury, N.C. Jan. 9, 1865. - - =Company G.= - Hezekiah Aldrich Andersonville July 30, 1864. - Frederick E. Flagg Belle Isle, Richmond, Va. March, 1864. - Patrick Gillespie Andersonville Aug. 28, 1864. - Calvin Hubbard Richmond, Va. Feb. 26, 1864. - R. B. Jennison Richmond, Va. Mar. 10, 1864. - Van Buren McInstry Andersonville Feb. 15, 1864. - - =Company H.= - Waldo W. Briggs Andersonville May 10, 1864. - Samuel Thomas Captured at Campbell's - Station, Tenn. Nov. 16, 1863. - Date and place of death unknown. - - =Company I.= - Charles H. Howe Andersonville Aug. 27, 1864. - - =Company K.= - Matthew Hudson Florence, S.C. Nov. 23, 1864. - Alvin M. Thompson Belle Isle, Richmond, Va. Date unknown. - -Private Israel H. Smith, of Company C, the sole survivor of ten members -of the regiment captured at Rutledge, Tenn., soon after the raising of -the Siege of Knoxville, has furnished the substance of the following -brief narrative of the circumstances attending the capture and the -sufferings endured by himself and the brave comrades who did not -survive the hardships and cruelty attending their confinement. - -While the regiment was encamped at Rutledge, East Tennessee, during -the pursuit of Longstreet, after the Siege of Knoxville, Smith, with -nine other members of the Thirty-sixth, and a small detail from the -Forty-fifth Pennsylvania, under charge of Sergeant Charles H. Boswell, -of the Thirty-sixth, were ordered out on a foraging expedition, the -regiment being greatly in need of subsistence supplies. While out for -this purpose they took possession of an old mill about four miles from -camp. The detail of the Thirty-sixth was composed of Sergeant Charles -H. Boswell, Privates Daniel H. Park, Lucius A. Reynolds, Frederick -Ruth, and Israel H. Smith, of Company C; Hezekiah Aldrich, Calvin -Hubbard, and Patrick Gillespie, of Company G; and Charles H. Howe, -of Company I. These men were in the mill grinding corn, their rifles -stacked in one corner, when, early in the morning of December 15, a boy -came running into the mill saying that the rebels were approaching. -Smith glanced out of the window and saw a squadron of men whom he -supposed from their dress to be Federal Cavalry, but it afterwards -appeared that their blue uniforms had been taken from one of our supply -trains captured a day or two before. They numbered about four hundred, -and immediately surrounding the mill they demanded a surrender. -Resistance being hopeless, our men broke their rifle-stocks and gave -themselves up to the rebel band, which proved to be a detachment of -bushwhackers under General Wheeler. After the surrender the rebels -threatened to shoot their prisoners if they did not give up their -valuables. They took from them everything, money, rings, watches, -keepsakes, and then forced them to give up their clothing, receiving -for it in return the old clothes of the rebels. They were then taken -about two miles from the mill and turned into an open field, where -they spent the night, without shelter of any kind, the rain pouring -in torrents. No fires could be made, and the night was one of great -suffering. - -The next day was extremely cold, and they were obliged to march without -covering to their feet, over the rough, frozen roads to Rogersville, -a distance of nearly thirty miles. Here they were turned into an old -brick building. The next morning, the second after their capture, Smith -received one biscuit and a small piece of maggoty bacon. They were then -marched twenty-five miles to Bristol, on the line of the Tennessee and -Virginia Railroad, and put on board the cars and taken _via_ Petersburg -to Richmond. Here they were placed in an old tobacco warehouse, called -Pemberton Castle. The first food given them was hailed with delight. -When first seen some of the men remarked that it appeared to be well -seasoned with pepper, but a closer inspection showed what was supposed -to be whole pepper was, in reality, small bugs, and the dish was termed -"bug" soup. - -Smith remained in this place one week, and was then sent to Belle Isle. -Here, though snow lay on the ground, he had no shelter. During the -day he made himself as comfortable as possible on the sunny side of a -bank. At night he was obliged to walk nearly all the time to keep from -freezing. He remained on the island until March 10, 1864, when he was -sent to Andersonville. - -Here he was summoned before the notorious Captain Wirz, who recorded -his name, company, and regiment, at the same time cursing him because -he came from Massachusetts. He was then marched into the Stockade, and -placed in the Fourth detachment. His daily rations consisted of one -pint of coarse meal and corn-cob, ground together, with a spoonful of -pea-beans occasionally. His shelter was a hole in the ground. Without -soap or towel or comb, or change of clothing, with nothing to read, and -surrounded by all the depressing scenes of that dreadful place, he soon -became ill, and was scarcely able to help himself; while his comrades -wasted away to skeletons and died before his eyes. - -On the 25th of November, 1864, after spending nearly a year in -Southern prison pens, Smith was paroled at Savannah, Ga., and sent to -Annapolis, where he was placed in the hospital, and remained until he -was mustered-out of service. All the members of the regiment who were -captured with him died of disease in rebel prisons. - - - - -INDEX. - - - Abbott (Private Louis P.), wounded at the Wilderness, 157; - at Cold Harbor, 195. - - Adams (Private Andrew), wounded at Cold Harbor, 196. - - Adams (Corp. Orrick H.), wounded at Spottsylvania, 171; - at Cold Harbor, 196. - - Aldrich (Hon. P. E.), presents colors to the regiment, 7. - - Alexander (Private James), killed at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Alger (Corp. Cyrus), wounded at Cold Harbor, 195; - at Petersburg, 208. - - Allen (Corp. Courtland A.), wounded at Spottsylvania and captured, 171; - note, 170. - - Ames (Col. Adelbert), of the Twentieth Maine, 11. - - Ames (Capt. T. Edward), reports siege of Knoxville raised, 118; - at Cold Harbor, 194; - commands reconnoitering party, 197; - in the advance on Petersburg, June 17, 1864, 215; - in command of regiment, 218; - slightly wounded, 225; - in command of regiment, 229; - at the battle of Pegram Farm, 263; - assigned to the command of Co. F, 273; - in the action before Petersburg, April 2, 1864, 291; - returns with the regiment to Mass., 310; - record of, 321. - - Ames (Sergt. Thomas J.), wounded at Petersburg, 214. - - Ames (Private Fred C.), dies of wounds at Petersburg, 209. - - Andrew (Gov. John A.), calls for 15,000 men, 1; - applies for discharge of Lieut.-Col. J. W. Kimball, of Fifteenth - Mass., in order that he may accept promotion as Col. of the - Thirty-sixth, 5; - issues Thanksgiving proclamation to Mass. soldiers in the field, 24. - - Anson (Private E. W.), wounded at Jackson, Miss., 64. - - Antietam (Battle of), 13; - the scene after the battle, 14. - - Antietam Iron Works, regiment encamps at, 16. - - Arnold (Private Savillion), wounded at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Avery (Sergt. Charles K.), dies of wounds received at Cold Harbor, 196. - - - Babcock (Lieut. C. S.), returns with the regiment to Mass., 310; - record of, 328. - - Bailey (Capt. S. H.), commissioned Capt. Co. G.; - sick in the rear of Vicksburg, 55; - in command of the skirmish line at the Wilderness, 152; - mortally wounded at Spottsylvania, 168, 170, 214; - record of, 321. - - Bailey (Sergt. A. Fernando), killed at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Ball (Mayor), makes an address at Worcester on the return of the - regiment, 308. - - Bardwell (Private George W.), dies of wounds in the Wilderness, 158. - - Barker (Lt. Col. T. L.), enters Camp Wool, with first detachment for - regiment, 2; - in command of regiment, 76; - commands left wing of the regiment at the Wilderness, 154; - commands the regiment at Spottsylvania, 169; - at the North Anna, 180; - at Cold Harbor, 192; - wounded at Cold Harbor, 194, 195, 214; - returns to regiment, 230; - brigade officer of the day, 242; - mustered in as major, 244; - aids in burying our dead, 267; - receives commission as Lieut.-Col., 269; - announces consolidation of regiment, 273; - absent on leave, 278; - provost-marshal at Farmville, 296, 297; - in command of the regiment on the return of the Thirty-sixth to Mass., - 308-310; - record of, 317. - - Barker (Maj. James H.), commissioned Major of the regiment, 5; - resigns, 33; - record of, 318. - - Barrus (Private William J.), wounded at Cold Harbor, 195. - - Barry (Corp. James H.), wounded in the Wilderness, 158; - killed in trenches near Petersburg, 226. - - Bartlett (Private Henry), relates circumstances concerning Lieut. - Daniels' death, at Spottsylvania, 172. - - Barton (Private John H.), wounded in the trenches at Petersburg, 221. - - Battery Noble, 105, 110, 117. - - Battles (Private Frederick C.), wounded at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Bell (Corp. Frank), tries sharp-shooting at Petersburg, 266. - - Bellows (Private Julius N.), dies of wounds in the Wilderness, 158. - - Benjamin (Lieut.), at Fort Sanders, 109, 112, 113. - - Benjamin's Battery, 61, 98, 99, 101, 109. - - Bethesda Church, 188. - - Biddle (Col.), aids in moving the artillery from Lenoir's, 93. - - Birney (Gen. W.), in the action at the North Anna, 186. - - Bixby (Private Jacob W.), wounded in the Wilderness, 157. - - Blake (Hosp. Steward Wm. H.), record of, 328. - - Bliss (Col. Zenas R.), commands brigade, 146; - injured at Spottsylvania, 164; - again in command of brigade, 232. - - Blue Springs, battle of, 84, _seq._ - - Boswell (Private James S.), dies in regimental hospital, 55. - - Boswell (Lieut. F. W.), record of, 326. - - Bosworth (Private John A.), wounded at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Bottomley (Corp. Charles), captured at Petersburg, 268. - - Bowers (Rev. C. M.), visits the regiment, 41. - - Bowman (Col. Henry), commissioned Col., 5; - receives orders to leave with regiment for the seat of war, Sept. 2, 6; - responds at presentation of colors, 10; - doubts the genuineness of one of Gen. McClellan's orders, 13; - reads an order concerning a forward movement, 30; - reports arrival of regiment at Fortress Monroe, 34; - absent on leave, 35; - at Cincinnati, 39; - conducts a march from Camp Dick Robinson, 41; - receives an exhilarating despatch in camp at Middleburgh, 44; - assigned to the command of brigade, 46; - in the assault on Jackson, 64; - resigns, 71; - record of, 317. - - Bradford (Private George F.), wounded in the trenches at Petersburg, 224. - - Bragg (Gen. Braxton), 90, 91, 111, 116, 117. - - Breckenridge (Gen. J. C.), 68, 84. - - Breen (Private Peter), killed at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Brigham (Lieut. W. H.), makes a congratulatory speech in camp at - Middleburgh, 44; - goes to Mass. for recruits, 127; - reported on special duty, 144; - rejoins regiment, 174; - in general hospital at Annapolis, 214; - assigned to Co. G, 273; - record of, 323. - - Briggs (Sergt. Frederick W.), wounded at Petersburg, 208. - - Brooks (Gen. W. T. H.), Gen. Burnside recommends his dismissal, 31. - - Brooks (Sergt. Stephen T.), killed at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Brown (Capt. John H.), receives a medal for gallantry, 315. - - Brown (Private Oscar H.), wounded in the Wilderness, 158. - - Bryant (Asst.-Surgeon Albert H.), commissioned, 5; - sick at Nicholasville, 76; - only medical officer with regiment, 174; - on duty at the field hospital, 214; - at Fourth Division hospital, 242; - commissioned Surgeon of Fifty-eighth Mass., but unable to muster, 247; - returns with regiment to Mass., 310; - record of, 319. - - Buckley's Battery, 98, 101, 105, 109. - - Buckner (Gen. S. B.), 109, 115. - - Buffum (Capt. Amos), commissioned Captain Co. D, 3; - in charge of the picket line at Knoxville on the night of the assault - on Fort Sanders, 110; - at Spottsylvania, 166; - coolness in the action, 167; - in charge of the skirmish line, 174; - killed in front of Petersburg, 212; - tribute from Gen. Burnside, 213; - record of, 321. - - Burns (Gen. W. W.), assumes command of division, 23; - at Fredericksburg, 26, 27, 28; - ordered West, 34. - - Burnside (Gen. A. E.), wins a battle at South Mountain, 13, 14; - head-quarters at Sharpsburg, 15; - assigned to the command of the army of the Potomac, 21; - issues order on assuming the command, 22; - delays in attacking the enemy at Fredericksburg, 25; - disappointed in the result of the battle at Fredericksburg, 27, 28; - prepares for another movement against the enemy, 30; - defeated in his plans, and is relieved at his own request, 31; - farewell order, 32; - summons the regiment to Cincinnati on election day, 40; - saluted by the regiment at Knoxville, 83; - in command at the battle of Blue Springs, 85; - congratulates the brigade during the battle, 86; - orders the Ninth Corps to Knoxville, 87; - Bragg sends Longstreet against him, 90; - is directed by Grant to hold Longstreet in check until Sherman - can come to his relief, 91; - moves down to Hough's Ferry, 92; - returns to Lenoir's, 93; - retreating toward Knoxville, repulses the enemy at Campbell's Station, - 95-98; - assigns the troops their position at Knoxville, 100; - in communication with Gen. Grant, 102-103; - issues a thanksgiving order, 108; - tenders Longstreet an armistice after the assault on Fort Sanders, 114; - issues a congratulatory order, 117; - receives a congratulatory despatch from Grant, 118; - is notified by Sherman of his approach to relieve Knoxville, 119; - receives the thanks of Congress, and transfers the command to Gen. - Foster, 120; - farewell orders, 120, 121, 122; - reassigned to the command of the Ninth Corps, which is enlarged by - recruitment under his supervision, 136, 137; - reviews the corps with the President, 140-142; - ordered to join the army of the Potomac, 146; - order concerning men of the Twenty-ninth Mass., 173; - at the North Anna, 179; - waives his rank in favor of Meade, 183; - at Bethesda Church, 188; - before Petersburg, 203; - tribute to Capt. Buffum, 213; - congratulatory order at Petersburg, 215, note; - compliments the troops, 216; - expresses confidence in the plan of a mine suggested by Lieut.-Col. - Pleasants, 224; - visits his front line preparatory to the assault, 227; - fails to get the amount of powder for which he asked, 232; - his plan of attack overruled by Gen. Meade, 233; - the plan, 241; - relinquishes the command of the corps, 245; - letter in response to an invitation to a meeting of the Burnside - Association of the Thirty-sixth Regiment, 314, 315. - - Burrage (Capt. Henry S.), wounded at Cold Harbor, 194, 195, 214; - receives a Captain's commission, 217; - returns to the regiment, 256; - in command of skirmish line, in the action at Pegram Farm, 260; - aids in burying our dead, 267; - brigade officer of the day, 268; - assigned to the command of Co. D., 273; - captured at Petersburg, 274, 275; - returns to regiment, and appointed A.A.A.G. on staff of Gen. Curtin, - 298; - returns to Mass. with regiment, 310; - record of, 322. - - Burton (Sergt. Daniel A.), killed in the trenches at Petersburg, 266. - - Bussenius (Corp. Adolph), wounded at Petersburg, 208. - - Byington (Maj. Cornelius), mortally wounded in front of Fort Sanders, - 108. - - - Camp Dick Robinson, 41. - - Campbell's Station, battle at, 95-100. - - Canfield (Chaplain Charles T.), receives commission, 5; - conducts special religious services at Antietam Iron Works, 16; - also opposite Fredericksburg, 25; - preaches on the character of Washington, 35; - record of, 319. - - Carter (Corp. Albert H.), killed in the Wilderness, 157. - - Carter (Private George I.), wounded at Cold Harbor, 196. - - Carter (Private Solon), wounded at Cold Harbor, 197. - - Carter (Private Rufus H.), killed in battle at Pegram Farm, 263. - - Cedar Creek, Col. G. D. Wells, Thirty-fourth Mass., killed at, 9. - - Chaffin (Principal Musician, Alfred), record of, 329. - - Chamberlain (Sergt. Edward), wounded at Spottsylvania, 172; - record of, 326. - - Chamberlain (Private Levi), killed at Spottsylvania, 172. - - Chamberlain (Private Silas), wounded at Spottsylvania, 172. - - Chapin's brigade at Hough's Ferry, 92. - - Chapman (Corp. Walter), promoted to Lieutenant, 313. - - Chapman (Private Leonard A.), killed in the trenches at Petersburg, 230. - - Chase (Private Daniel), wounded at Cold Harbor, 195. - - Chase (Private George L.), died of wounds received in the Wilderness, - 157. - - Chase (Private Joseph W.), wounded at Cold Harbor, 195. - - Chenery (Private Frank), killed at Cold Harbor, 196. - - Childs (Private Daniel V.), killed in the Wilderness, 158. - - Chipman (Lieut. George L.), record of, 323. - - Chisold (Corp. Walter), wounded in the Wilderness, 157. - - Christ's brigade at Campbell Station, 98. - - Clark (Corp. Joseph V.), wounded at Petersburg, 209. - - Coburn (Corp. William H.), died of wounds received in the Wilderness, - 158. - - Cochrane (Gen. J.), dismissal recommended by Gen. Burnside, 31. - - Colburn (Private Augustus F.), wounded at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Colburn (Private Dwight), killed at Petersburg, 214. - - Cold Harbor, battle at, 190-196. - - Collis (Lieut. Marcus M.), record of, 327. - - Confederate loss at Petersburg, 239, note. - - Confederate troops in the battle at Pegram Farm, 264, note. - - Cooper (Corp. Alexander), wounded at Petersburg, 214. - - Coyle (Private Andrew), wounded at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Crosby (Sergt. Edwin F.), wounded at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Cross (Lieut. R. M.), 3; record of, 323. - - Cross (Lieut. A. W.), recommended for promotion, 217; - returns to Mass. with regiment, 310; - record of, 325. - - Cumberland Gap, 85. - - Curtin (Gen. John I.), assumes command of brigade, 155; - at Stannard's Mills, 177; - reports to Gen. Hancock at the North Anna, 180; - in the assault at Petersburg, 205; - compliments the regiment at Petersburg, 210; - in the action on the 18th of June, 211; - where he is wounded in the shoulder, 212; - coolness in the action at Pegram Farm, 261; - appointed post-commander at Farmville, 297; - issues farewell address, 304. - - Cutter (Lieut. John C.), appointed quartermaster, 55; - record of, 320. - - Cutting (Corp. Nathan F.), wounded at Petersburg, 209. - - - Dadman (Private James A.), wounded in the Wilderness, 157. - - Daniels (Lieut. H. W.), killed at Spottsylvania, 169-170; - record of, 324. - - Daniels (Private Myron M.), killed in the Wilderness, 157, 170. - - Davidson (Capt. A. S.), receives commission as 2d Lieut., but is unable - to muster, 144; - recommended for promotion to 1st Lieut., 217; - returns to regiment from hospital, 230; - mustered in and assigned to Co. G, 232; - mustered in as Capt., 243; - in command of Co. G, 273; - returns to Mass. with regiment, 310; - record of, 322. - - Davis (Capt. C. W.), assigned to regiment with 21st battalion, 273; - record of, 327. - - Davis (Lieut. Austin), returns to Mass. on leave, 80; - still on special duty, 144; - assigned to Company H., 273; - returns to Mass. with regiment, 310; - record of, 323. - - Davis (Lieut. Jonas R.), assigned to regiment with 21st battalion, 273; - returns to Mass. with regiment, 310; - record of, 327. - - Davis (Private Josiah B.), wounded in the Wilderness, 157. - - Davis (Private Josiah W.), dies of wounds at - Petersburg, 214. - - Davis (Private Luke K.), wounded at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Davis (Private Obed R.), killed at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Day (Private James H.), wounded in the Wilderness, 157. - - Demary (Private John M.), wounded at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Derby (Sergt. Charles H.), killed on the North Anna, 181. - - Dix (Gen. John A.), reviews the Ninth Corps at Newport News, 35. - - Dolligan (Private James), accidentally killed in camp near Alexandria, - 301. - - Doughty (Corp. James N.), killed at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Doyle (Private John), wounded at Cold Harbor, 196. - - Doyle (Private Luke), wounded on the North Anna, 182. - - Doyle (Private William H.), wounded at Spottsylvania, 172. - - Draper (Lieut.-Col. William F.), commissioned Capt. Co. F, 4; - in command of skirmishers at Jackson, 63; - commissioned Major, 78; - in command of regiment at Blue Springs after Lieut.-Col. Goodell was - wounded, 86; - in command of the regiment at Annapolis, 138; - wounded at the Wilderness, 154, 157; - skilfully handles the regiment at Campbell's Station, 196; - submits list of recommendations for promotions, 217; - commissioned Lieut.-Col., 230; - returns to the regiment, 244; - in command of brigade, 251; - president of court-martial, 250; - in the action at Pegram Farm, 261, 262; - mustered out at expiration of service, and returns to Mass., 269; - record of, 318. - - Dunn (Private William A.), killed at Cold Harbor, 196. - - Durrell's Battery, 53, 55. - - - Edmands (Corp. Benjamin B.), promoted to Lieutenant, 313. - - Edmister (Private Aaron), mortally wounded at Cold Harbor, 198. - - Edmunds' Battery, 45. - - Eighth Michigan, presented with a flag, 35; - at the battle of Blue Springs, 85, 86; - proceeds to Knoxville, 87; - at Lenoir's, 93; - at Campbell's Station, 94-96; - in the trenches at Knoxville, 105; - returns to Michigan, 124. - - Eighty-ninth New York at Fredericksburg, 29. - - Eighth Tennessee at Lick Creek, 84. - - Eleventh New Hampshire in the assault at Petersburg, June 18, 1864, 205; - captures a piece of artillery, 207; - a captain in the regiment takes Roger A. Pryor prisoner, 275. - - Elliott (Private Estes E.), dies of wounds received at Cold Harbor, 196. - - Ellis (Private George H.), killed at Jackson, 64. - - Ellsworth (Private T. L.), wounded at Jackson, 64; - record of, 328. - - Ely (Col.), raises a flag of the 2d Michigan at Petersburg, 292. - - Emerson (Private John S.), dies of wounds received at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Emory (Lieut. E. F.), Asst. Commissary of the Fourth Division, 139; - assigned to Co. D on consolidation of the regiment with the - Twenty-first battalion, 273; - record of, 324. - - Engly (Private Davis B.), wounded at Cold Harbor, 196. - - Erin's Station, camp at, 127. - - - Fairbank (Capt. John B.), wounded at Campbell's Station, 96; - brings up his "brigade" in the assault at Petersburg, June 18, 1864, - 206; - receives a Captain's commission, 227; - aids in burying our dead, 267; - assigned to the command of Co. E, 273; - in command of regiment, 278; - returns to Mass. with regiment, 310; - record of, 322. - - Farmville, 296; action of Common Council on death of President Lincoln, - 298, 299. - - Farnsworth (Private Franklin), dies of wounds received at Spottsylvania, - 171. - - Farragut's victory at Mobile saluted, 245. - - Fay (Private M. H.), dies on steamer between Memphis and Cairo, 75. - - Fenno (Private Frank M.), killed in the Wilderness, 157. - - Ferrero (Gen. Edward), dismissal ordered by Gen. Burnside, 31; - in command of brigade at Jackson, 67, 68; - Blue Springs, 85, 86; - moves with his division against Longstreet, 91; - at Campbell's Station, 98; - falls back to Knoxville, 100; - at Knoxville, 101; - compliments his division, 121, 122; - assigned to the command of the division of colored troops, 138; - assigned to the command of Third Division, 255. - - Field (Lieut. Lucius), returns with regiment to Mass., 310; - record of, 320. - - Fifteenth Mass., 8. - - Fifteenth Indiana Battery, 101. - - Fiftieth New York at Fredericksburg, 26. - - Fifty-first New York, assigned to brigade with Thirty-sixth Mass., 138; - at the Wilderness, 152, 153; - in the mine affair, 236, 237; - at the Weldon R.R., 249; - number present for duty at reorganization of brigade, 255; - at Pegram Farm, 260; - loss in that action, 264. - - Fifty-first Pennsylvania, at the "Crater" in the final assault on - Petersburg, 284, 285. - - Fifty-sixth Massachusetts, position during winter of 1864-5, 276; - receives the reënlisted men of the Twenty-first Mass., 307. - - Fifty-eighth Massachusetts, in brigade with the Thirty-sixth, 138; - at Cold Harbor 198; - at Petersburg, 206; - at the mine, 236, 238, 239; - number present at the reorganization of the brigade, 255; - the action at Pegram Farm, 260, 264; - position in the trenches during the winter 1864-5, 276; - in the final assault at Petersburg, 284. - - Fifty-ninth Georgia, captured at Cumberland Gap, 80. - - Finney (Private John L.), wounded in the trenches at Petersburg, 219. - - First Connecticut Heavy Artillery, in the final assault at Petersburg, - 284, 287, 290. - - First Kansas, at Lake Providence, 51. - - First Rhode Island Cavalry, 13. - - Fisher (Private Abiel), wounded in the trenches at Petersburg, 221. - - Fisher (Sergt. John A.), wounded at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Fletcher (Private Andrew B.), wounded at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Fletcher (Private George), wounded at Cold Harbor, 196. - - Flynn (Private John), dies of wounds received at Cold Harbor, 196. - - Forty-fifth Illinois places its flag on the Court House at Vicksburg, 57. - - Forty-fifth Pennsylvania, in Third Brigade, First Division, Ninth Corps, - 17; - sent to Frederick, Md., 17; - at Fredericksburg, 27, 28, 29; - on the journey west, 36; - at Paris, Ky., 40; - Col. Welsh promoted, 41; - at Jackson, Miss., 61, 63; - returns to Kentucky, 74; - at the battle of Blue Springs, 85; - proceeds to Knoxville, 87; - at Lenoir's, 93; - at Campbell's Station, 95, 96; - in the trenches at Knoxville, 104, 105; - returns to Pennsylvania, having received a furlough for reënlistment, - 125; - rejoins the corps at Annapolis and gives the Thirty-sixth a welcome, - 134; - in the Wilderness, 152, 155; - at Stannard's Mills, 177; - some of the men make a fortunate find, 187; - at Cold Harbor, 198; - on the 17th of June at Petersburg, 206; - at the - mine, 236, 238, 239; - at the Weldon R.R., 249; - number present for duty on reorganization of the brigade, 255; - at Pegram Farm, 260, 264; - in the final assault at Petersburg, 284; - receives a visit from the Thirty-sixth, 305; - escorts the Thirty-sixth to the wharf at Alexandria, 307. - - Forty-sixth New York, turns over its men who declined to reënlist to the - Thirty-sixth Mass., 143; - loss at Cold Harbor, 196; - detachment returns to regiment, 197. - - Forty-sixth Ohio at Jackson, Miss., 61, 63. - - Forty-eighth Pennsylvania at Knoxville, 107; - in the Wilderness, 150; - at the North Anna, 182; - in the movement on Petersburg, 202; - in the assault of June 17th, 205, 207; - June 18th, 210; - in the trenches at Petersburg, 221; - commences excavation of the mine, 224; - completes the work, 231; - number present for duty at the reorganization of the brigade, 255; - in the action at Pegram Farm, 260; - in the final assault at Petersburg, 284. - - Foskett (Corp. Albert), wounded at Petersburg, 229. - - Foskett (Sergt. Liberty W.), in command of company at Spottsylvania, - 172, note; - wounded at Petersburg, 208; - record of, 326. - - Foster (Gen. J. G.), moves to the relief of Knoxville, 117, note; - reported at Tazewell, 118; - takes command of the Department of the Ohio, 120; - relieved by request, 126. - - Foster (Private Josiah), wounded at Cold Harbor, 196. - - Fourteenth New York Heavy Artillery, 207. - - Fourteenth Virginia, 37. - - Fourth Rhode Island, arrives at Petersburg, 227; - at the mine affair, 236; - in the action at Pegram Farm, 260. - - Franklin (Gen. W. B.), at Fredericksburg, 26; - "stuck in the mud," 30; - Burnside recommends his dismissal, 31. - - Frazer (Gen.), taken prisoner at Cumberland Gap, 80. - - Fredericksburg, battle of, 25-29. - - Freeman (Sergt. George E.), killed at Spottsylvania, 171. - - French (Gen. W. H.), at Fredericksburg, 27. - - French (Sergt. Adams E.), mortally wounded at Cold Harbor, 191, 194, 195. - - French (Private John A.), wounded at Spottsylvania, 171. - - - Gallup (Sergt. Leroy B.), mortally wounded at Campbell's Station, 99. - - Gardner (Principal Musician, John), record of, 329. - - Gates (Private Frederick S.), wounded in the Wilderness, 157. - - Getting's Battery, 98, 101. - - Gilbert (Corp. Charles), mortally wounded at Petersburg, 224. - - Gilbert (Private Lyman H.), killed at Pegram Farm, 263. - - Giles (Private Sanford), dies of wounds received at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Gird (Capt. J. W.), killed at the Wilderness, 313; - record of, 323. - - Gleason (Private Jesse), killed at Petersburg, 232. - - Goodell (Lieut.-Col. Arthur A.), Captain of Co. C, 3; - in command of regiment, 35; - at Jackson, Miss., 66; - at Milldale, Miss., 71; - returns home on leave, 76; - commissioned Lieut.-Col., 78; - wounded at Blue Springs, 86; - rejoins the regiment at Cincinnati, but is obliged to return home, 137; - resigns, 146; - record of, 317. - - Goodale (Lieut. Charles S.), returns to Mass. with regiment, 310; - record of, 328. - - Goodspeed (Lieut. S. A.), resigns, 139; - record of, 324. - - Gracie (Gen.), at siege of Knoxville, 113, note. - - Granger (Gen. Gordon), sent by Grant to the relief of Burnside at - Knoxville, 117; - arrives at Knoxville, 119. - - Grant (Gen. U. S.), scene of his first battle in the war, 49; - at Vicksburg, 53, 54; - receives surrender of Pemberton's army, 57; - orders Sherman to pursue Johnston, 58; - returns Ninth Corps with congratulatory order, 73; - prepares to assault Bragg at Chattanooga, 90; - notifies Burnside of Longstreet's advance, 91; - impresses upon Burnside the importance of holding Knoxville, 102; - approves of Burnside's movements, 103; - hurries troops to relieve Knoxville, 117; - congratulates the Army of the Ohio on its masterly defence of - Knoxville, 119; - receives thanks of Congress and a gold medal, 120; - reviews Ninth Corps at Annapolis, 137; - accepts Lee's proffer of battle at the Wilderness, 149; - at Cold Harbor, 190; - his passage of the James, 201; - makes another attempt to turn the enemy's right flank at Petersburg, - 270; - issues his order for the final assault at Petersburg, 280; - receives the surrender of Lee, 296. - - Graves (Private Henry E.), wounded at Petersburg, 244. - - Gregg (Lieut.-Col. Theodore), delivers a farewell address to the - regiment, 305, 306. - - Griffin (Gen. S. G.), at Jackson, Miss., 67; - in command temporarily of Second Division, 139; - in the Wilderness, 151; - at Cold Harbor, 193; - at Petersburg, June 17, 205; - paper before Mass. Military Historical Society, 206, note; - charge at Petersburg, June 18, 211; - at the mine, 235, 237; - at Pegram Farm, 260; - at the final assault at Petersburg, 283; - assumes command of the division when Gen. Potter was wounded, 287, 289. - - - Hadley (Private F. Daniel), wounded in the Wilderness, 157. - - Hale (Private Samuel B.), killed at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Hall (Private Hezekiah), wounded in the trenches at Petersburg, 223. - - Hall (Corp. William H.), killed at Spottsylvania, 168, 171. - - Hancock (Gen. W. S.), in the Wilderness, 150, 151; - at Spottsylvania, 166; - at the North Anna, 180, 186; - on the north of the James, Aug. 17 and 18, 1864, 247. - - Hancock (Capt. Joseph), recommended for - promotion, 217; - assigned to Co. F, 273; - record of, 323. - - Hare (Private Dennis), killed at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Harrigan (Private Jerry), mortally wounded July 17, 1864, 230. - - Harriman (Col. Walter), in the final assault at Petersburg, 283, 287. - - Hartranft (Gen. J. F.), on the retreat from Lenoir's, 93, 94, 95; - at Campbell's Station, 98, 99; - in the trenches at Knoxville, 101; - Provisional Commander at Annapolis, 135; - in the Wilderness, 155; - at Petersburg, June 18, 211; - gallant charge at Fort Stedman, 280; - in the final assault at Petersburg, 283, 284, 289. - - Harty (Private William), wounded in the Wilderness, 157. - - Harwood (Lieut. George W.), record of, 325. - - Hascall (Gen. M. S.), in the trenches at Knoxville, 101. - - Haskell (Corp. Joseph L.), dies of wounds received in the Wilderness, - 157. - - Haskell (Lieut. Thomas H.), wounded at Spottsylvania, 171; - recommended for promotion, 217; - returns to regiment with commission as First Lieutenant, 228; - appointed Adjutant of regiment; - returns to Mass. with regiment, 310; - record of, 320. - - Hastings (Capt. Christopher S.), commissioned Captain Co. I, 4; - dies in hospital, 76; - record of, 321. - - Haven (Private George F.), dies of wounds received at Knoxville, 114. - - Hawkes (Lieut.-Col. Geo. P.), leads assault at Knoxville, 107. - - Hayward (Private Joseph F.), wounded in the Wilderness, 157. - - Higgins (Corp. John J.), wounded at Jackson, 64; - wounded at Cold Harbor, 196. - - Hodgkins (Capt. William H.), makes a congratulatory speech in camp at - Middleburgh, 44; - appointed acting Assistant Adj.-General, 47; - returns to Mass. on special service, 80; - rejoins the regiment near Rutledge, Tenn., 123; - on the staff of Gen. Ferrero, 251; - assigned to command of Co. B, 273; - at Fort Stedman on staff of Gen. Hartranft, 281; - in the final assault at Petersburg, 290; - returns to Mass. with regiment, 310; - record of, 320. - - Hodgman (Private Eugene W.), dies of wounds received at Spottsylvania, - 171. - - Hoffman (Corp. Max.), killed June 17, 1864, at Petersburg, 209. - - Holbrook (Lieut. W. S.), resigns, 71; - record of, 326. - - Holmes (Capt. O. W.), returns to Mass. on special service, 80; - in command of reconnoitring party, 145; - killed at Petersburg, June 17, 1864, 208, 214; - record of, 321. - - Holmes (Lieut. P. Marion), wounded at Blue Springs, 86; - killed at Campbell's Station, 97; - record of, 323. - - Hooker (Gen. Joseph), at Fredericksburg, 26; - "stuck in the mud," 30; - recommended for dismissal by Burnside, 31; - assigned to the command of the army of the Potomac, and letter of - President Lincoln, 32, 33. - - Houghton (Private Josiah), dies of wounds received in the Wilderness, - 158. - - Howard (Private O.), wounded at Jackson, Miss., 64. - - Howe (Lieut. W. F.), dies in camp, July 7 1863, 55; - record of, 326. - - Howe (Lieut. Rufus), returns to Mass. with regiment, 310; - record of, 326. - - Howe (Private Franklin), killed at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Howell (Private Silas J.), wounded in the Wilderness, 158. - - Hoyt (Private Amos), killed at Jackson, 64. - - Hudson (Private Matthew), captured at Spottsylvania, 172. - - Humes (acting Sergt.-Major Joseph A.), mortally wounded at Cold Harbor, - 194, 195. - - Humphrey (Col. William), covers the retreat from Lenoir's, 95. - - Humphreys (Gen. A. A.), at Fredericksburg, 27. - - Hungry Hollow, 23. - - - Jackson, Miss., operations at, 60, 70. - - Jackson (Private Reuben), captured at Petersburg, 268. - - Jackson (Gen. Thos. J.), receives surrender of Harper's Ferry, 14. - - Jackson (Gen.), in command of Johnston's cavalry, 68. - - Jenkins (Gen. M.), in Tennessee with Longstreet, 99, note; 106, note; - 115, 116. - - Johnson (Gen. B.), at Petersburg, June 15, 1864, 203. - - Johnson (Gen. B. R.), joins Longstreet at Knoxville, 115. - - Johnston (Gen. J.), in Grant's rear at Vicksburg, 53, 54, 56; - Sherman sent in pursuit of, 58; - at Jackson, 60, 64; - retreats, 67; - estimate of his force, 68. - - Jones (Rev. J. W., D.D.), Secretary of Southern Historical Society, 116. - - Jones's Eleventh Mass. Battery at Spottsylvania, 176; - at Petersburg, 211. - - - Keenan (Private John), killed at Cold Harbor, 196. - - Keep (Corp. Marcus), mortally wounded at Spottsylvania, 174. - - Kelley (Private Frank S.), dies of wounds in the Wilderness, 157. - - Keyes (Sergt. George E.), killed at Petersburg, 208. - - Kimball (Sergt. Herbert A.), saves Col. Draper's life, 154. - - Kimball (Col. J. W.), commissioned Colonel of the Thirty-sixth, 5. - - Knowlton (Private James), tries sharp-shooting at Petersburg, 266. - - Knoxville, 91, 101, _seq._ - - - Lamont (Private Daniel), wounded in the Wilderness, 157. - - Lamont (Sergt. John), wounded in the Wilderness, 157; - at Cold Harbor, 195. - - Lane's (Brigade), at Spottsylvania, 167; - at Pegram Farm, 264, note. - - Lauman (Gen.), division of, at Jackson, 64. - - Lavin (Private Luke), wounded at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Law (Gen.), at Campbell's Station, 99. - - Leasure (Col. D.), submits plan of attack at - Fredericksburg, 27; - at Fredericksburg, 29; - in command at Lexington, Ky., 39; - in pursuit of Morgan, 45. - - Ledlie (Gen. J. H.), selected by lot to lead the assault at the mine, - 233. - - Lee (Gen. R. E.), directs the holding of South Mountain, 13; - fortifies the heights of Fredericksburg, 25; - in Pennsylvania, 56; - defeated at Gettysburg, 66; - prepares to attack Grant at the Wilderness, 148; - at the North Anna, 179; - surrenders at Appomattox, 296. - - Leighton (Private Hazen D.), wounded at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Lenoir's, camp at, 88, 89; - the retreat from, 93, _seq._ - - Lexington, Ky., 39, 40. - - Lincoln, President, calls for 300,000 volunteers, 1; - reviews the Ninth Corps at Antietam Iron Works, 16; - directs special religious services to be held, 25; - relieves Gen. Burnside, 31; - places Gen. Hooker at the head of the Army of the Potomac, 32; - letter to Gen. Hooker announcing his appointment, 32, 33; - issues a proclamation, directing special religious services, 120; - receives a marching salute from the Ninth Corps, 140, 141; - enters Petersburg after the surrender, 293; - announcement of his assassination, 298; - action of the Common Council of the town of Farmville concerning his - death, 298, 299. - - Littlefield (Corp. Ammiel), wounded at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Logan (Gen. J. A.), takes possession of the works at Vicksburg, 57. - - Logee (Corp. Stephen F.), wounded at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Long (Corp. Michael), wounded in the Wilderness, 154, 157. - - Longstreet (Gen. J.), moves against Burnside, 90, 91; - endeavors to cut off his retreat at Campbell's Station, 95; - at the battle of Campbell's Station, 98, 99; - follows Burnside to Knoxville cautiously, 103; - extract from his official report, 106, note; - prepares for an assault on Fort Sanders, 111; - his loss from Nov. 14 to Dec. 4, 113, note; - his official report of the assault on Fort Sanders, 114-116; - letters to Gen. McLaws and Gen. Jenkins, 116, note; - raises the siege, 118; - attacks the cavalry at Bean's Station, 123; - withdraws to Morristown, 124; - and beyond, 128. - - Loughlin (Private Michael), killed at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Lowell (Corp. Lucius), wounded in the Wilderness, 157; - also in the trenches at Petersburg, 228. - - Lund (Private Edwin W.), wounded at Spottsylvania, 171. - - - Macomber (Corp. Henry), wounded at Cold Harbor, 196. - - Macomber (Corp. William), is made color-bearer, 209. - - Mandell (Private Algernon S.), wounded in the Wilderness, 158. - - Marble (Private Truman), wounded in the Wilderness, 158. - - Marcy (Gen. R. B.), 13. - - Margenot (Private Belthezar), killed at Pegram Farm, 263. - - Marshall (Capt. J. A.), wounded at the Wilderness, 155, 157; - returns to the regiment, 230; - assigned to command of Co. A; - returns to Mass. with regiment, 310; - record of, 322. - - Martin (Corp. Edwin A.), killed at Cold Harbor, 196. - - Maryland Heights, 17. - - May (Sergt. Thomas), wounded on the North Anna, 181. - - Maynard (Private Judson), wounded at Petersburg, 230. - - Maynard (Private Martin), wounded at Petersburg, and leg amputated, 230. - - Mayo (Corp. Henry H.), dies of wounds received in the Wilderness, 157. - - McCabe's "Defence of Petersburg," extract from, 221. - - McClellan (Gen. George B.), meets with a reverse on the Chickahominy, 1; - again in command of the army of the Potomac, 12; - orders troops forward, 13; - reviews the Ninth Corps with President Lincoln, 16; - is relieved from the command of the army of the Potomac, 21. - - McDermott (Lieut. F. M.), assigned to Co. I, 273; - record of, 327. - - McDowell (Private Lyman), captured at Petersburg, 268. - - McGrath (Private John), wounded at Cold Harbor, 196; - wounded at Petersburg, 218. - - McLaws (Gen.), at Campbell's Station, 99, note; - at Knoxville, 106, note; - force under his command in the assault on Fort Sanders, 111, 115; - letter from Gen. Longstreet, 116. - - McPherson (Gen. J. B.), at Vicksburg, 56, 57. - - Meade (General George G.), at Fredericksburg, 27; - at Gettysburg, 56; - overrules Burnside's plan of attack at the mine, 233; - order announcing President's day of fasting and prayer, 243; - visits the line at the left, 267; - directions for the Ninth Corps in the final assault at Petersburg, 283; - announces the death of President Lincoln, 298. - - Merlin, Second Maryland, execution of, 269. - - Merrick (Sergt. Lucius L.), wounded in the Wilderness, 157; - mortally wounded at Pegram Farm, 263; - his religious character, 313. - - Merritt (Corp. Fanning T.), killed at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Miles (Col. D. S.), surrenders Harper's Ferry, 14. - - Miller (Sergt. J. Hervey), wounded at Cold Harbor, 196. - - Mills (Corp. George H.), captured at Petersburg, 268. - - Mine, the affair at the, 235-241. - - Montague (Sergt. Benj. F.), wounded at Cold Harbor, 196. - - Monument for Maine soldiers on the Rappahannock, 147. - - Moore (Corp. Andrew), killed at Cold Harbor, 196. - - Morgan (Private Andrew J.), killed in the Wilderness, 157. - - Morgan (John), paroles Quartermaster-Sergt. Sawyer and Private James E. - Spear, 48. - - Morrison (Col. David), assumes command of brigade, 71; - at Lenoir's, 93, 94; - at Campbell's Station, 95, 96, 98; - at Knoxville, 104, 105; - in pursuit of Longstreet, 128, 129, 130; - visits the regiment at the Wilderness before being mustered out, 159. - - Morrow (Lieut. W. H.), assigned to Co. K, 273; - returns to Mass. with regiment, 310; - record of, 327. - - Morse (Capt. E. A.), at Catlett's Station, 143; - rejoins the regiment, 146; - wounded at Spottsylvania, 169, 170; - returns to the regiment, 230; - at Pegram Farm, 263; - mustered out at expiration of service, 269; - record of, 322. - - Morton (Private Lemuel), killed at Spottsylvania, 172, note. - - Moseley (Sergt. C. Henry), wounded at Petersburg, 225. - - Mott (Lieut. A. R.), assigned to Co. I, 273; - returns to Mass. with regiment, 310; - record of, 327. - - Mower (Sergt. Livingston), dies of wounds received at Cold Harbor, 196. - - Murdoch (Private H. A.), wounded at Petersburg, 227. - - - Newport News, at, 34-36. - - Newton (Gen. John), Burnside recommends his dismission, 31. - - Nineteenth Massachusetts at Fredericksburg, 26. - - Ninth Michigan Cavalry in the East Tennessee campaign, 84. - - Ninth New Hampshire at Petersburg, 223. - - Noi (Private Henry), wounded in the Wilderness, 158; - at Spottsylvania, 172. - - Norton (Lieut.-Col. J. B.), Captain Co. B, 3; - commissioned Lieut.-Col., 5; - rejoins the regiment, 41; - at Jackson, Miss., 64, 65; - resigns, 71; - record of, 317. - - North Anna, battle at the, 178-182. - - Nourse (Corp. George E.), killed in the Wilderness, 156, 158. - - Noyes (Lieut. Edmund W.), record of, 326. - - - Oakes (Private Thomas), killed at Petersburg, 243. - - Olcott (Sergt. Hiram W.), wounded at Petersburg, June 18, 1864, 214; - recommended for promotion, 217; - record of, 325. - - One-hundredth Pennsylvania, in Third Brigade, First Div., Ninth Corps, - 15; - goes to Frederick, 17; - at Fredericksburg, 27, 28, 29; - at Lexington, 40; - at Middleburgh, 44; - at Columbia, 45; - in the trenches at Knoxville, 106; - reënlists and returns to Penn., 125; - in the reorganization of the corps at Annapolis, 238. - - One hundred and third Ohio in East Tennessee, 83. - - One hundred and fourteenth Illinois at Vicksburg, 52. - - One hundred and fourteenth Pennsylvania in the final assault on - Petersburg, 289. - - Ord (Gen. E. C.), in the pursuit of Johnston, 58. - - Organization of the Thirty-sixth Mass., 1-5. - - Osborn (Lieut. Samuel), record of, 325. - - Osborn's New York Battery, 85. - - - Packard (Private J. Wesley), wounded at Petersburg, 208; - killed in the trenches at Petersburg, 240. - - Paine (Corp. Geo. W.), wounded at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Parke (Gen. J. G.), at Jackson, Miss., 64; - assigned to command of Second Division Ninth Corps, 138; - appointed chief of Ninth Corps staff, 139; - in command of the corps, - 255; - in the final assault on Petersburg, 283; - official report of the assault, 286-289; - anticipates the evacuation, 292; - in subsequent movements, 294. - - Parker (Corp. Cornelius G.), dies Nov. 5, 1863, first death in the - regiment, 21. - - Parrish (Hosp. Steward Geo. F.), record of, 329. - - Partridge (Private Lyman F.), wounded at Cold Harbor, 196. - - Patten (Corp. Isaac R.), killed in the Wilderness, 158. - - Patterson (Private Stephen H.), wounded at Spottsylvania, 195. - - Peebles House, fight near the, 259. - - Pegram Farm, action at, 258-265. - - Pemberton (Gen. J. C.), in command at Vicksburg, 54; - hopelessness of relief, 56; - surrenders, 57. - - Perham (Private D.), wounded at Jackson, Miss., 64. - - Perkins (Private Francis A.), wounded at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Perley (Lieut. George A.), returns to Mass. with regiment, 310; - record of, 325. - - Perry (Corp. Geo. W.), dies in camp, 23. - - Perry (Corp. Fred L.), wounded in the trenches at Petersburg, 244. - - Petersburg, first assault on, 202-215; - final assault, 282-291; - surrender of, 292. - - Phelps (Lieut. B.), returns to Mass. with regiment, 310; - record of, 328. - - Phelps (Quartermaster-Sergt. Geo. T.), record of, 328. - - Pierce (Private Arthur F.), dies in camp, 24. - - Pierce (Sergt. Jerome), killed at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Pleasant Valley, camp in, 17. - - Pleasants (Lieut.-Col. Henry), in command of brigade, 212; - suggests the excavation of a mine at Petersburg, 224; - obstacles which he encountered, 225; - the work successfully accomplished, 231; - explodes the mine, 234. - - Poe (Capt. O. M.), selects the line of defence at Knoxville, 100. - - Pollard's account of the force of the Confederates in the assault on - Fort Sanders, 111. - - Porter (Admiral D. D.), with a part of the fleet, joins the batteries at - Vicksburg, 53. - - Potter (Gen. R. B.), on his way to Vicksburg, 50; - at Jackson, Miss., 67; - at Campbell's Station, 98; - assigned to command of the brigade, 138; - to the command of the division, 139; - at the Wilderness, 151; - at Spottsylvania, 174, 176, 177; - at the North - Anna, 181; - at the Chickahominy, 185, 186; - at Cold Harbor, 198; - at the final assault on Petersburg, 204; - compliments the regiment on the assault, 210; - in the trenches, 215; - reviews the brigade, 218; - approves Lieut.-Col. Pleasants' plan of mining the "Elliott salient," - 224; - should have led the assault on the mine, 233; - at the assault, 235, 237-239; - at the Weldon R.R., 249; - in command of the Second Division, 255; - at Pegram Farm, 259, 262; - in the final assault, 283; - severely wounded, 287. - - Pratt (Private John W.), wounded in the Wilderness, 157. - - Prescott (Major A.), killed at the Crater, 242, 313; - record of, 321. - - Priest (Private John T.), wounded at Spottsylvania, 171; - at Cold Harbor, 195. - - Prince (Surgeon J. P.), commissioned, 5; - first amputation, 46; - in charge of hospital-boat, 73; - rejoins the regiment, 78; - chief medical officer Fourth Division, 139, 242; - record of, 319. - - Pryor (Roger A.), captured at Petersburg, 275. - - - Rackliffe (Private John S.), killed at Cold Harbor, 195. - - Ranlett (Adjt. S. A.), receives his appointment, 25; - resumes his duties after illness, 47; - resigns, 217; - record of, 319. - - Rantoul (Hon. R. S.), extract from Memorial-Day address, 140, 142. - - Rawson (Sergt. Gilbert), takes the State color, 154; - remark of Color-Sergt. Todd, 156; - at Pegram Farm, 262; - record of, 327. - - Raymond (Capt. E. T.), returns to Mass. on special duty, 45; - appointed on brigade staff, 47, 139, 144; - at the Weldon R.R., 249; - on Gen. Potter's staff, 290; - commissioned Major, 310; - record of, 318. - - Raymond (Sergt. Charles), wounded at Cold Harbor, 195. - - Raymond (Private George A.), dies of wounds received at Cold Harbor, 195. - - Reed (Private Luther P.), wounded in the Wilderness, 157. - - Reno (Gen. J. L.), killed at South Mountain, 14. - - Renouf (Private William L.), wounded at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Rice (Quartermaster F. B.), commissioned, 5; - resigns and receives his discharge, 55; - record of, 320. - - Rice (Lieut. John A.), resigns, 139; - record of, 324. - - Rice (Corp. Henry H.), wounded at the North Anna, 182. - - Rich (Corp. Joshua), killed in the Wilderness, 157. - - Rich (Private J. Monroe), wounded at Cold Harbor, 195. - - Richardson (Chaplain N.), joins the regiment, 173; - returns to Mass. with regiment, 310; - record of, 319. - - Robertson (Private James H.), wounded in the Wilderness, 157. - - Robinson (Lieut. H. S.), wounded at Blue Springs, 86; - record of, 323. - - Robinson (Corp. Clark), wounded, June 17, at Petersburg, 208. - - Robinson (Private Charles H.), wounded at Cold Harbor, 195. - - Roemer's Battery, at Blue Springs, 86; - near Loudon, 93; - at Campbell's Station, 98, 99; - at Knoxville, 101, 104, 110; - at Petersburg, 210; - at Pegram Farm, 262. - - Rose (Lieut.), musters out the regiment, 307. - - Russell (Private Henry), mortally wounded at Petersburg, 244. - - - Sanders (Gen. N. B.), mortally wounded before Knoxville, 103. - - Sanders (Fort), 101, 108, 109; - assault on, 111-116. - - Sawtell (Corp. Alden J.), killed at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Sawyer (Capt. C.), commissioned Captain Co. H, in command of the picket, - 50; - in hospital, 55; - record of, 321. - - Sawyer (Lieut. W. H.), assigned to Co. K, 273; - record of, 327. - - Sawyer (Quartermaster-Sergt. J. H.), accidentally wounded, 46; - captured by Morgan, 48; - record of, 328. - - Sager (Private), dies in regimental hospital, 25. - - Schofield (Gen. J. M.), receives command of the Army of the Ohio, 127. - - Searles (Private Edwin), wounded at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Second East Tennessee at Bull's Gap, 83. - - Second Michigan in Virginia, 29; at Jackson, Miss., 66; - on the retreat from Lenoir's, 95; - at Knoxville, 108; - at Petersburg, 292. - - Second New York Rifles at Petersburg, 17th June, 205, 206; - in review, 218; - adjutant killed, 223; - at the mine, 236, 237, 239; - in the trenches, 250; - picket line captured at the Boisseau house, 267. - - Sedgwick (Gen. John), assigned to the command of the Ninth Corps, at the - Wilderness,150. - - Seventeenth Michigan in Kentucky, 46; - on the Mississippi, 51; - at Jackson, Miss., 61; - at Milldale, 72; - on the retreat from Lenoir's, 95; - makes a sortie at Knoxville, 106; - assigned to Willcox's Division, 138. - - Seventeenth Vermont in the assault at Petersburg, June 17, 1863, 205, - 207; - in the trenches, 276. - - Seventh Maine Battery at Petersburg, 244. - - Seventh Michigan at Fredericksburg, 26. - - Seventh Ohio Cavalry in Tennessee, 84. - - Seventh Rhode Island assigned to Potter's Brigade, 138; - in review, 218; - at the mine, 236; - number present for duty in Sept., 1864, 255; - at Pegram Farm, 260, 264. - - Seventy-ninth New York (Highlanders) on the return from Jackson, Miss., - 72; - furnishes the Thirty-sixth with a surgeon, 76; - at Blue Springs, 85, 87; - at Knoxville, 106; - in the assault on Fort Sanders, 112; - on the Chucky Valley road, 130; - assigned to Willcox's Division, 138. - - Severance (Rev. Mr.), delivers an eulogy on President Lincoln at - Farmville, 299. - - Shaw (Private George D.), wounded at Cold Harbor, 196. - - Shepardson (Private John), killed at Petersburg, 208. - - Sherman (Gen. W. T.), ordered to pursue Johnston, 58; - at Jackson, 64, 65, 67; - losses at Jackson, 68, 69; - sent to the relief of Burnside at Knoxville, 117; - reaches Knoxville, 119; - news of his success in piercing the Confederacy reaches the Army of - the Potomac, 278. - - Sheridan (Gen. P.), on the left at Petersburg, 281. - - Sheridan (Corp. B.), wounded at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Sibley (Lieut. F. H.), dies in hospital, 76; - record of, 324. - - Sigel (Gen. F.), at White Sulphur Springs, 23. - - Sigfried (Col. J. K.), falls back to Lenoir's, 93; - in command of the brigade, 139; - transferred to the Fourth Division, 146. - - Simcoe (Capt.), inspects the regiment and reports, 78. - - Sixteenth Wisconsin at Lake Providence, 51. - - Sixtieth Alabama at Knoxville, 113, note. - - Sixty-first Massachusetts in the final assault at Petersburg, 290. - - Sixty-second North Carolina captured at Cumberland Gap, 80. - - Sixty-fourth North Carolina captured at Cumberland Gap, 80. - - Sixty-eighth Pennsylvania in the final assault at Petersburg, 289. - - Smith (Gen. W. F.), Burnside recommends his dismission, 31. - - Smith (Col. W. H.), of the Twentieth Michigan, killed on the retreat - from Lenoir's, 95. - - Smith (Lt.-Col. L. N.), at City Point, 225; - commissary at army head quarters, 313; - record of, 323. - - Smith (Capt. J. B.), commissioned captain Co. K, 4; - returns to regiment, 83; - goes to Massachusetts on special duty, 127; - welcomed back, 174; - in charge of skirmish line on the North Anna, 182; - at Cold Harbor commands the left of the regiment, 192; - gets a scratch at Cold Harbor, 194; - narrowly escapes capture, 198; - division officer of the day, 199, 200; - in command of the regiment at Petersburg, June 17, '64, 206, 214, 215; - forwards to Gov. Andrew list of recommendations for promotion, 217; - on court-martial duty, 218; - division officer of the trenches, 229; - brigade officer of the day, 231; - judge-advocate of court martial, 256; - wounded at Pegram Farm, 263; - assigned to command of Co. C, 273; - returns to Mass. with the regiment, 310; - record of, 318. - - Smith (Private Albert C.), dies of wounds received at Cold Harbor, 196. - - Smith (Private Chester J.), dies of wounds received in the Wilderness, - 157. - - Smith (Private Israel H.), narrative of capture and prison experience - of, 387. - - Smith (Private James), wounded at Jackson, 64. - - Smith (Corp. William N.), wounded in the Wilderness, 157. - - Snell (Private M. Porter), receives a Lieutenant's commission, 313. - - South Mountain, battle at, 13, 14. - - Spear (Private James E.), remains with Quartermaster-Sergt. Sawyer, at - Columbia, and is captured, 48; - wounded in the Wilderness, 157. - - Spottsylvania, battle at, 160-177. - - Stacy (Corp. Edward W.), killed in the Wilderness, 157. - - Stearns (Sergt. John A.), returns from recruiting service, 172; - wounded June 18, 1864, at Petersburg, 214; - recommended for promotion, 217; - record of, 325. - - Stedman, action at Fort, 280, 281. - - Steere (Col. W. H. P.), in command of brigade, 227; - returns home on account of disability, 232. - - Stephens (Alexander H.), with Peace Commissioners goes to City Point, - 278. - - Stevens (Corp. Joseph H.), wounded June 17, 1864, at Petersburg, 209. - - Stevens (Private Robert), wounded in the Wilderness, 158. - - Strickland (Principal Musician Lorenzo C.), record of, 329. - - Sturgis (Gen. S. D.), Gen. Burnside recommends his dismission, 31. - - Sullivan (Private Michael), celebrates the surrender of Lee, 296. - - Sumner (Gen. E. V.), reviews the Ninth Corps, 24; - at the battle of Fredericksburg, 26; - is relieved of his command at his own request, 33. - - Swords (Private Henry L.), receives a commission as Captain, 313. - - - Taylor (Col.), Gen. Burnside recommends his dismission, 31. - - Taylor (Private Orin F.), wounded at Petersburg, 221. - - Thirty-first Maine in the trenches at Petersburg, 277. - - Thirty-second Massachusetts, organization of the, 2. - - Thirty-second Maine in the assault at Petersburg, June 17, 1864, 205. - - Thirty-third Massachusetts, organization of the, 2. - - Thirty-fourth Massachusetts, organization of the, 2; - Maj. Henry Bowman receives commission as Colonel of the Thirty-sixth, - 5; - leaves Worcester and is stationed near Alexandria, 12. - - Thirty-fifth Massachusetts, organization of the, 2; - at South Mountain, 14; - at Jackson, Miss., 61; - enters the city, 67; - number present for duty Sept., 1864, 255. - - Thirty-sixth Massachusetts, organization of the regiment, 1-6; - presentation of national colors, 7-10; - leaves for the seat of war, 11; - arrives in Washington and is assigned to the Ninth Corps, 12; - marches through Maryland and joins the army at Antietam, 13, 14; - assigned to the Third Brigade, First Division, Ninth Corps, 15; - encamps at Antietam Iron Works, 16; - in Pleasant Valley, 17; - hastens to Fredericksburg at the time of Stuart's raid into - Pennsylvania, 17, 18; - with the army crosses into Virginia, 19; - at Waterford, 20; - advances to Fredericksburg, 21-24; - battle of Fredericksburg, 25-29; - in camp opposite Fredericksburg, 30-33; - at Newport News, 34-36; - is transferred to the Army of the Ohio, 37, 38; - at Lexington, Ky., 39, 40; - at Camp Dick Robinson, 41; - in Southern Kentucky, 42-47; - ordered to Vicksburg, 48; - on the Mississippi, 49-51; - in the rear of Vicksburg, 52-57; - in operations against Jackson, 58-70; - returns to Vicksburg, 71; - ordered North, 74, 75; - condition of the regiment, 76; - recruits at Crab Orchard, Ky., 77, 78; - _en route_ to East Tenn. by way of Cumberland Gap, 79-83; - in battle of Blue Springs, 84-87; - in camp at Lenoir's, 88-89; - in the movement against Longstreet, below Loudon, 90-92; - again at Lenoir's, 93, 94; - at the battle of Campbell's Station, 95-99; - in the retreat to Knoxville, 100; - at the siege of Knoxville, 101-122; - in subsequent movements in East Tenn., 123-130; - ordered to Annapolis, Md., 131; - marches into Kentucky, 132; - reaches Annapolis, 134; - in camp at Annapolis, 135-139; - marches to Alexandria, 140-142; - at Catlett's Station, 143-146; - rejoins the Army of the Potomac, 146-149; - in the Wilderness, 150-159; - at Spottsylvania, 160-177; - on the North Anna and the Pamunkey, 178-187; - at Cold Harbor, 188-200; - in the movement on Petersburg, 201-203; - gallant assault, 204-209; - subsequent movements, 210-215; - in the trenches, 216-230; - during the mine affair, 231-241; - still in the trenches, 242-247; - at the Weldon R.R., 248-252; - in the Pines, 253-257; - in the action at Pegram Farm, 258-265; - again in the trenches, 266-272; - consolidation of Twenty-first Mass. with the regiment, 272, 273; - in Fort Rice, 276-279; - the action at Fort Stedman participated in by some of the officers, - 280-281; - final assault at Petersburg, 282-291; - the fall of Petersburg, 292; - on the march, 293-295; - at Farmville, 296-299; - ordered to Alexandria, 300-301; - at the great review, 302, 303; - receives Gen. Curtin's farewell address, 304; - farewell visit to Forty-fifth Penn., 305, 306; - mustered out of the service and returns to Mass., 307; - reception of the regiment at Worcester, 308-310; - discharged from the service, 311; - conclusion, 312-315. - - Thirty-seventh Massachusetts, organization of the, 2. - - Thirty-seventh Wisconsin in the final assault at Petersburg, 284. - - Thirty-eighth Wisconsin in the final assault at Petersburg, 284. - - Thirty-Ninth New Jersey in the final assault at Petersburg, 284. - - Thomas (Gen. G. H.), at Chattanooga, 103. - - Thompson (Private Henry A.), wounded in the Wilderness, 157. - - Thornton (Private John J.), wounded at Cold Harbor, 105. - - Tiffany (Sergt. B. B.), wounded at Cold Harbor, 195. - - Todd (Sergt. Henry), killed in the Wilderness, 154, 156, 157. - - Tucker (Lieut. J. M.), resigns and returns to Mass., 71; - serves subsequently in the Fifty-seventh Mass., and is severely - wounded, 313; - record of, 326. - - Turnbull (Private William), wounded at Petersburg, 214. - - Tuttle (Lieut. A. S.), arrives at Camp Wool with first detachment of Co. - F., 4; - in charge of division ambulance corps, 79; - returns to Mass. with the regiment, 310; - record of, 320. - - Twelfth Michigan Battery at Morristown, Tenn., 82, 83. - - Twentieth Maine accompanies the Thirty-sixth to Alexandria on the - steamer Merrimac, 11, 12. - - Twentieth Massachusetts at Fredericksburg, 26. - - Twentieth Michigan in the retreat from Lenoir's, 95; - beyond Morristown, 130. - - Twentieth New York in the final assault at Petersburg, 290. - - Twenty-first Massachusetts in North Carolina, 9; - at Knoxville, 107; - number present for duty in Sept., 1864, 255; - at Pegram Farm, 260; - consolidated with the Thirty-sixth, 272; - transferred to the Fifty-sixth, 307. - - Twenty-fifth Massachusetts furnishes officers for the Thirty-sixth, 3, 4; - in North Carolina, 9. - - Twenty-seventh Michigan in Kentucky, 42, 44; - in brigade assignment, 46; - at Jackson, Miss., 61; - on the return from Vicksburg, 74; - in the final assault at Petersburg, 284. - - Twenty-ninth Massachusetts at Jackson, Miss., 61; - in the assault at Fort Sanders, 112; - transfers its non-reënlisted men to the Thirty-sixth Mass., 126; - these men mustered out at Spottsylvania, 173. - - Twitchell (Private Hartwell C.), captured in the Wilderness, 157. - - Tyler (Asst. Surgeon Warren), receives commission, 5; - record of, 319. - - - Underwood (Sergt. Charles), wounded at Petersburg, 263. - - - Vaughan (Private Samuel G.), wounded in the Wilderness, 158; - dies of wounds received at Spottsylvania, 171, 172. - - Vicksburg, operations at, 52-57. - - Von Schlein's Battery at Campbell's Station, 98. - - - Wadsworth (Gen. J. S.), in the Wilderness, 152. - - Walker (Private J. L.), wounded at Petersburg, 240. - - Wallace (Private Franklin), wounded at Petersburg, 209. - - Ward (Col. George H.), in command of Camp John E. Wool, 2; - endeavors to secure a furlough for the regiment, 5; - visits the regiment in camp opposite Fredericksburg, 34. - - Ward (Private Edmund S.), dies of wounds received at Petersburg, June - 17, 1864, 209. - - Warren (Gen. G. K.), at the Weldon R.R., 248, 251; - at Nottaway, 277. - - Warriner (Capt. S. C.), discharged from Tenth Mass., in order to accept - a commission in the Thirty-sixth Mass., 3; - in command of the picket at Jackson, 65; - resigns and returns to Mass., 139; - record of, 321. - - Washburn (Ostenello, Sergt.-Major), wounded at Pegram Farm, 263; - record of, 328. - - Waterford, Va., camp at, 20. - - Waters (Private Edward), wounded at Cold Harbor, 196. - - Webb (Corp. Robert F.), killed at Pegram Farm, 263. - - Weldon Railroad, battle at, 248, 252. - - Wells (Col. G. D.), killed near Cedar Creek, 9, note. - - Welsh [not Welch, as on pages cited] (Gen. T.), in command of brigade, - 15; - orders roll-call, 17; - receives promotion and assumes command of the division, 41. - - Westcott (Private C. M.), killed in the Wilderness, 157. - - Wetherbee (Private Ashael), wounded at Petersburg, 209. - - Wetherbee (Private Henry W.), wounded in the Wilderness, 157. - - Wheeler (Gen.), with Longstreet in the movement against Knoxville, 90, - 91. - - Wheeler (Private Charles H.), wounded in the Wilderness, 158; - wounded at Petersburg, 245. - - Wheelock (Private Joseph B.), wounded at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Whipple (Sergt. Albert B.), wounded at Petersburg, June 17, 1864, 208. - - White (Gen.), with a division of the twenty-third Corps, advances - against Longstreet, 92; - on the retreat from Lenoir's, 95; - at Campbell's Station, 98; - at Knoxville, 101. - - White (Orderly Sergt. A. A.), in command of Co. I, and receives a - commission as Second Lieutenant, 144; - in the Wilderness, 156; - wounded at Spottsylvania, 169; - why he could not be mustered in, 217; - moral influence in the regiment, 313; - record of, 324. - - White (Corp. Roland N.), dies of wounds received at Cold Harbor, 195. - - Whitney (Private Augustus S.), wounded at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Whitney (Lieut. Chas. W.), record of, 326. - - Whitney (Private Francis L.), dies of wounds received at Cold Harbor, - 195. - - Whitney (Private William F.), wounded at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Wilderness, battle of the, 149-159. - - Willcox (Gen. O. B.), in command of the First Division, Ninth Corps, 15; - orders day of special religious service, 16; - in command temporarily of the corps, 24; - at Fredericksburg, 27; - in command of First Division, 34; - at Blue Springs, 84, 85; - in pursuit of Longstreet, 127; - in command of Third Division, 138; - again temporarily in command of the Ninth Corps, 245; - at the Weldon R.R., 251; - in command of the First Division, 255; - at Pegram Farm, 259. - - Williams (Private Aaron M.), wounded in the Wilderness, 157. - - Wilson (Corp. Watson), wounded at Cold Harbor, 196. - - Winchester (Private Emory), wounded in the Wilderness, 157. - - Winslow (Private Lewis D.), killed at Spottsylvania, 171. - - Wood (Private George W.), wounded at Cold Harbor, 195. - - Woodbury (Chaplain A.), remarks on the march of the Ninth Corps through - Washington, 142. - - Woodbury (Private Elijah H.), killed at Cold Harbor, 196. - - Woodward (Lieut. P. G.), wounded at Cold Harbor, 196; - recommended for promotion, 217; - in command of Co. C, 269; - returns to Mass. with the regiment, 310; - record of, 322. - - Wool, Camp John E., 2, 4, 5, 11. - - Wright (Sergt. D.), promoted, but unable to muster, 144; - wounded and taken prisoner in the Wilderness, 157; - reason why he could not be mustered in, 217; - record of, 325. - - - Young (Private Edward O.), wounded and taken prisoner in the Wilderness, - 157. - - - - - - TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES - - - Corrected disabled date for Ostenello Washburn on p. 326 from - Pegram Farm, Sept. 30, 1865 to Pegram Farm, Sept. 30, 1864 so that - discharge date would be after casualty date. Agrees now with date - from http://www.nps.gov/abpp/battles/va074.htm. - - Changed mustered date for Lincoln, George H. on p. 338 from July - 23, '64 to July 23, '62 so that discharge date would be after - muster date. - - Changed discharged date for Bowles, George F. on p. 341 from June - 8, '56 to June 8, '65 so that discharge date would be after muster - date. - - Changed mustered date for Sherman, Charles O. on p. 356 from Aug. - 4, '82 to Aug. 4, '62 so that discharge date would be after muster - date. - - Silently corrected simple spelling, grammar, and typographical - errors. - - Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed. - - Enclosed italics font in _underscores_. - - Enclosed bold font in =equals=. - - Enclosed bold sans-serif font in ~tildes~. - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of History of the Thirty-sixth Regiment -Massachusetts Volunteers. 1862-1865, by Henry S. Burrage and Alonzo A. White and S. Alonzo Ranlett and William H. Hodgkins and Edmund W. Noyes - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORY 36TH REGIMENT MASSACHUSETTS *** - -***** This file should be named 50422-0.txt or 50422-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/0/4/2/50422/ - -Produced by Richard Tonsing, The Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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