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diff --git a/old/50294-0.txt b/old/50294-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 93a8803..0000000 --- a/old/50294-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3255 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Indian Creek Massacre and Captivity of Hall -Girls, by Charles M. Scanlan - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Indian Creek Massacre and Captivity of Hall Girls - -Author: Charles M. Scanlan - -Release Date: October 23, 2015 [EBook #50294] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INDIAN CREEK MASSACRE, HALL GIRLS *** - - - - -Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - - -[Illustration: - - MUNSON MONUMENT. PLACE OF MASSACRE. STATE MONUMENT.] - - - - - INDIAN CREEK MASSACRE - and - CAPTIVITY OF HALL GIRLS - - COMPLETE HISTORY - of the - MASSACRE OF SIXTEEN WHITES - on - INDIAN CREEK, NEAR OTTAWA, ILL. - and - SYLVIA HALL AND RACHEL HALL - As Captives in Illinois and Wisconsin - during - THE BLACK HAWK WAR, 1832 - - BY - CHARLES M. SCANLAN - - Author of - “Scanlan’s Rules of Order,” “The Law of Church and Grave,” - “Law of Hotels” Etc. - - SECOND EDITION - - REIC PUBLISHING COMPANY - 421 Matthews Building - Milwaukee, Wis. - - COPYRIGHT, 1915. - BY - CHARLES M. SCANLAN - - - - -PREFACE. - - -No one is satisfied with an incomplete story. The very meagre and -inconsistent accounts of the adventures of Sylvia and Rachel Hall -(familiarly known as the “Hall girls”) heretofore published, merely -excited one’s curiosity to know the whole story. The ladies’ statements -that have been published, gave only an outline of the facts as far -as they knew them personally. To obtain all the facts, required -much investigation of books and a great deal of correspondence with -historical societies, editors of newspapers and the War and the -Interior Department of the United States. Also, the writer has had -personal interviews with relatives of the Misses Hall, and has traveled -over the ground and examined all the evidence that now appears from -the location of the little cottage on Indian Creek to Galena where the -girls took a boat for St. Louis. - -Mrs. A. Miranda Dunavan, a daughter of Mrs. Rachel Hall Munson (the -younger captive), gave me the family history of her mother; and Miss -Sylvia E. Horn of Lincoln, Nebraska, and Mr. C. L. Horn of Mackinaw, -Illinois. grand-children of Mrs. Sylvia Hall Horn (the elder captive), -contributed the history of the Horn family. Thus every fact in the -following pages is stated upon the best evidence. - -To gather all the traditions that still linger along the course over -which the Indians traveled with their captives, the writer enlisted the -services of his nieces, Miss Gertrude Scanlan of Fennimore, Wisconsin, -and Miss Marian Scanlan of Prairie du Chien, whose grandfathers -were pioneers in the lead regions. However, no fact has been stated -on tradition without the clues being verified by land records or -government documents. - -Of course every lady wants to know how the girls looked. Unfortunately, -there is no picture of either of them prior to middle life. Mrs. -Dunavan lent to me a very rare daguerreotype picture of her mother, -Mrs. Munson, taken at the age of about forty-two years, and a -photograph of her aunt, Mrs. Sylvia Hall Horn, taken when she was -over sixty years of age. Also, I borrowed from Mrs. Dunavan a tintype -picture of herself when she was sixteen, which is said to be a very -good likeness of her aunt Sylvia at the time that she was taken -captive. These pictures are reproduced herein. The tradition of the -neighborhood is that the girls were unusually handsome in both figure -and face and of captivating kind dispositions. They were born in -Kentucky and carried with them to Illinois the southern culture which -has won for the ladies of the South considerable fame in story and song. - - “She was bred in old Kentucky, - Where the meadow grass grows blue, - There’s the sunshine of the country, - In her face and manner too.”--Braisted. - - Milwaukee, Wis. - July 15, 1915. - - CHARLES M. SCANLAN. - - - - -CONTENTS - - - PAGE - - Preface, 3 - I. Description of the Country, 9 - II. Indian Davis Troubles, 13 - III. The Davis Settlement, 23 - IV. The Massacre, 31 - V. The Captivity, 38 - VI. To the Rescue, 48 - VII. Military Movements, 51 - VIII. Reward Offered, 54 - IX. The Captive Girls, 59 - X. Ransomed, 66 - XI. Royally Welcomed, 81 - XII. Homeward Bound, 90 - XIII. Romance and History, 95 - XIV. Shabona, 106 - XV. Comee and Toquamee, 111 - - - - -CHAPTER I. - -DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTRY. - - -In its natural condition, perhaps no more attractive country ever laid -before the eyes of man than that in which occurred the incidents of the -following narrative. On the south it is bordered by the Illinois river, -with its historical events beginning with the old Kaskaskia Mission -established by Father Marquette in 1673 amidst the most beautiful -scenery in the whole state of Illinois, which is now included in -Starved Rock State Park. - -What memories cluster around old Kaskaskia! As the first capital of -Illinois, it was visited by Gen. La Fayette and Presidents Jackson, -Lincoln, Taylor and Harrison; by Jefferson Davis, Gen. Albert Sidney -Johnson, and by nearly every other man who was prominent in United -States history prior to 1837, when Springfield became the state capital. - -On the east for more than one hundred miles the Fox river, with its -source in a beautiful lake near Waukesha, Wisconsin, flows south into -the Illinois at Ottawa. Westward the great prairie stretches off to and -beyond the Rock river which has eroded a narrow valley through that -otherwise flat plain. Besides Rock river the only important streams -that lay in the course of travel of the Hall girls as prisoners, were -the Sycamore (South Kishwaukee) and the Kishwaukee in Illinois, and -Turtle Creek, the Bark River and the Oconomowoc in Wisconsin. - -We are told by geologists that during the quaternary age of the world, -a great ice-berg, moving down from the north, crushed all the trees -and vegetation in its path, leveled most of the hills and filled most -of the valleys as far south as the Ohio River. When that body of ice -melted it formed lakes in the depressions which were not filled with -till. Drumlins, eskers and kames, here and there, remain to indicate -either the resistance of the prior formation or that quantities of -earth filled the uneven under surface of the ice at the time of its -dissolution. - -By the action of the atmosphere, rains and dew, as centuries rolled -on, vegetation sprang up all over that great plain, and springs to -supply the greatest necessity of living things, broke forth and flowed -in streams that united into rivers as they rolled on to the sea. Along -the streams were forests of trees--including many species of the oak, -ash, sycamore, elm, sugar maple, locust, hickory, walnut, butternut, -linden, cherry, buckeye, blackberry and many other familiar varieties. -Also, here and there stood groves that escaped the terrible prairie -fires that almost every year swept over that vast plain. - -[Illustration: A PRAIRIE FIRE--MC KENNEY.] - -Game of many kinds, from the monstrous buffalo and timid deer down -to the rabbit, the turkey, the prairie chicken, and the quail, was -abundant. - -Last, and by no means least, was the beautiful flora of that country -which was known as “The Paradise of the West.”[1] A traveler who saw -it in its natural condition, describes it as follows: “Above all -countries, this is the land of flowers. In the season, every prairie is -an immense flower garden. In the early stages of spring flowers, the -prevalent tint is peach bluish; the next is a deeper red; then succeeds -the yellow; and to the latest period of autumn the prairies exhibit a -brilliant golden, scarlet and blue carpet, mingled with the green and -brown ripened grass.”[2] - - “Sweet waves the sea of summer flowers - Around our wayside cot so coy, - Where Eileen sings away the hours - That light my task in Illinois.”--McGee. - -[1] 6 Wis. Hist. Col., 421; 10 Wis. Hist. Col., 246-7. - -[2] “Western Portraiture,” Colton, 221. - - - - -CHAPTER II. - -INDIAN TROUBLES. - - -When the first white man settled in Illinois, the Mascoutin Indians -occupied the lands between the Illinois River and the waterway formed -by the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers from Green Bay to Prairie du Chien. -Later the Sacs, the Foxes, and the Pottawatamies, occupied the -territory and had many villages. There were no national boundary lines. -A prominent route of travel was the Kishwaukee Trail from Watseca in -Eastern Illinois up the Kankakee to where it flows into the Illinois, -and thence in a northwesterly direction to the mouth of the Kishwaukee -on Rock River, about six miles below Rockford. Dixon was the great -center of trails. The principal one was from Kaskaskia by way of Dixon -to Galena, Illinois. Numerous other trails connected prominent points -and various Indian villages. - -In 1804 a treaty was made with the Sacs and Foxes at St. Louis, of -which the principal provision were as follows: - -“Article 1. The United States receive the united Sac and Fox tribes -into their friendship and protection and the said tribes agree to -consider themselves under the protection of the United States, and no -other power whatsoever. - -“Article 2. The General boundary line between the land of the United -States and the said Indian tribes shall be as follows, to-wit: -Beginning at a point on the Missouri River opposite to the mouth of the -Gasconde River; thence, in a direct course so as to strike the River -Jeffreon to the Mississippi; thence, up the Mississippi to the mouth -of the Ouisconsing [Wisconsin] River, and up the same to a point which -shall be 36 miles in a direct line from the mouth of the said river, -thence, by a direct line to the point where the Fox River (a branch of -the Illinois) leaves the small lake called Sakaegan; thence, down the -Fox River to the Illinois River, and down the same to the Mississippi. -And the said tribes, for and in consideration of the friendship and -protection of the United States, which is now extended to them, of -the goods (to the value of two thousand two hundred and thirty-four -dollars and fifty cents) which are now delivered, and of the annuity -hereinafter stipulated to be paid, do hereby cede and relinquish -forever, to the United States, all the lands included within the above -described boundary. - -“Article 3. In consideration of the cession and relinquishment of -land made in the preceding article, the United States will deliver to -the said tribes, at the town of St. Louis, or some other convenient -place on the Mississippi, yearly and every year, goods suited to the -circumstances of the Indians of the value of one thousand dollars (six -hundred of which are intended for the Sacs and four hundred for the -Foxes), reckoning that value at the first cost of the goods in the -City or place in the United States, where they shall be procured. And -if the said tribes shall hereafter at an annual delivery of the goods -aforesaid, desire that a part of their annuity should be furnished -in domestic animals, implements of husbandry, and other utensils, -convenient for them, or in compensation to useful artificers, who may -reside with or near them, and be employed for their benefit, the same -shall, at the subsequent annual delivery, be furnished accordingly. - -“Article 4. The United States will never interrupt the said tribes in -the possession of the lands, which they rightfully claim, but will, -on the contrary, protect them in the quiet enjoyment of the same -against their own citizens and against all other white persons, who may -intrude upon them. And the said tribes do hereby engage that they will -never sell their lands, or any part thereof, to any sovereign power -but the United States, nor to the citizens or subjects of any other -sovereign power, nor to the citizens of the United States. - - * * * * * - -“Article 7. As long as the lands which are now ceded to the United -States remain their [U. S.] property, the Indians belonging to the said -tribes shall enjoy the privileges of living and hunting upon them.”[3] - -[3] “Indian Affairs, Laws and Treaties”, 174. - -The Chippewas, the Winnebagos, and the Pottawatamies, made claim to -the same territory. Even the Foxes and Sacs claimed that the young -chiefs who signed the treaty, were made drunk, and while in that -condition agreed to the treaty.[4] Also, the Indians maintained that -the United States would not allow them to hunt upon the “wild” lands, -notwithstanding Art. 7 of the treaty and that the title thereto was -still in the government. Therefore, the Indians refused to ratify the -treaty, and the idea that they were grievously wronged became a fixed -notion in the minds of the old chiefs, which led to the Red Bird War -of 1827, and the still greater Black Hawk War in 1832.[5] - -[4] Black Hawk’s Autobiography, Le Claire, Ch. 3. 12 “The Republic”, -Irelan, 68. - -[5] 3 Smith’s “History of Wisconsin” (1854), 115 et seq.; “Waubun,” -Kinzie, 381. - -[Illustration: BLACK HAWK AS A WARRIOR.] - -Black Hawk had fought with the English in the War of 1812, and by -reason of the defeat of the English, including his own, he retained -his natural desire for revenge against the Americans. He was born at -Rock Island, and had as strong love for his native place as was ever -retained by any white man. When Illinois became a state in 1818, Black -Hawk with all his people was ordered to move across the Mississippi -into Iowa, which he reluctantly obeyed. However, he was never satisfied -with his new location, and in 1832 he again crossed the Mississippi -with four hundred warriors and all their squaws and children and -squatted on his former possessions at Rock Island. He was ordered back -to Iowa, but refused to go until he learned that troops were being sent -against him. With all his people he retired north along Rock River, -followed by the Illinois militia, and when he reached a point about -twenty-five miles south of Rockford, he halted and held a council -of war with chiefs of the Pottawatomies and Winnebagoes, where he -delivered the following speech: - -“I was born at the Sac Village, and here I spent my childhood, youth -and manhood. I liked to look on this place with its surroundings of -big rivers, shady groves and green prairies. Here are the graves of my -father and some of my children. Here I expected to live and die and lay -my bones beside those near and dear to me; but now in my old age I have -been driven from my home, and dare not look again upon this loved spot.” - -The old chief choked with grief and tears flowed down his cheeks. -Covering his face in his blanket, he remained silent for a few moments. -Then wiping away his tears, he continued: - -“Before many moons you, too, will be compelled to leave your homes. -The haunts of your youth, your villages, your corn fields, and your -hunting grounds, will be in the possession of the whites, and by them -the graves of your fathers will be plowed up, while your people will be -retreating towards the setting sun to find new homes beyond the Father -of Waters. We have been as brothers; we fought side by side in the -British war; we hunted together and slept under the same blanket; we -have met at councils and at religious feasts; our people are alike and -our interests are the same.”[6] - -[6] Memories of Shaubena, 98. - -On the 14th day of May, 1832, the militia under Major Stillman arrived -within eight miles of the camp of Black Hawk who sent three Indians -under a flag of truce to negotiate a treaty with the whites. The wily -chief also sent five other Indians to a point where they could watch -the unarmed braves carrying the white flag. Stillman’s men refusing to -recognize the white flag set upon the Indians, killed one and captured -the others, and then set off after the other five who held their guns -crosswise over their heads as a sign of friendship. The whites killed -two of the five and chased the others into Black Hawk’s camp. Then the -Indians set upon Stillman’s army, cut it to pieces, and chased the -scattered remnants for many miles. The place of that battle is known as -“Stillman’s Run.”[7] The disgrace of the entire affair has been a dark -blot upon the white man’s bravery and his manner of dealing with the -Indians. Up to this time the Indians had committed no crime nor act of -war against the whites.[8] - -[7] “Life of Albert Sidney Johnston,” Johnston, 35. - -[8] 12 Wis. Hist. Col., 230; “History of Indiana,” Esarey, 323; “The -Black Hawk War,” 129-144. - -[Illustration: BLACK HAWK AS A CIVILIAN.] - -Immediately after the engagement Black Hawk called another council of -his braves, at which it was determined to fight to the last and to -send out small bands of Indians to the various white settlements to -destroy them. Among the great warriors present at that council was the -celebrated Chief Shabona (Shab-eh-ney)[9] who fought beside Tecumseh -at his down-fall at the battle of the Thames. Shabona pleaded with the -Indian chiefs to give up the war and to return to Iowa, and when they -refused to do so, he, his son Pypagee, and his nephew Pyps, mounted -ponies and rode to the various white settlements and notified the -people of the danger of the Indians. The first horse with which Shabona -started, dropped dead under him; but he obtained another horse from a -farmer and rode day and night until he had warned the whites at all the -settlements. - - “Lo, the poor Indian! whose untutored mind - Sees God in the clouds, or hears Him in the wind.” - - --Pope. - -[9] 7 Wis. Hist. Col., 323, 415; “The Black Hawk War,” Stevens, 160. - - - - -CHAPTER III. - -THE DAVIS SETTLEMENT. - - -The father of our heroines, William Hall, who was born in Georgia, -migrated to Kentucky where he married Mary J. Wilburs, and in 1825 -emigrated to Mackinaw, about fifteen miles south of Peoria, Illinois, -where he opened a farm. Shortly afterwards he moved to the lead mines -near Galena where he staid three years, and then returned to Lamoille, -Bureau County, Illinois. In the spring of 1832 he sold out his mining -claim and settled upon a homestead about two miles east of the farm of -William Davis. Prior to that time his oldest daughter, Temperance, had -been married to Peter Cartwright, but the other members of his family, -consisting of his wife, three daughters--Sylvia, aged 19, Rachel, -aged 17, and Elizabeth, aged 8 years, and two boys, were living with -him. Some time prior to the massacre, two Indians named Co-mee and -To-qua-mee, who had been frequent visitors at the Hall home and treated -kindly by Mr. Hall’s daughters, endeavored, after the custom of the -Indians, to purchase Sylvia and Rachel from their father.[10] - -[10] “The Black Hawk War,” Stevens, 149. - -[Illustration: MRS. DUNAVAN, AGED 16, LIKENESS OF SYLVIA HALL.] - -The Halls were noted for their hospitality. Judge Edwin Jerome of -Detroit relates that he was the guest of the family one night in April -1832.[11] - -[11] 1 “Michigan Pioneers”, Jerome, 49. - -William Pettigrew, also from Kentucky, who had just migrated to the -Davis Settlement and had not yet established a home for himself, with -his wife and two children, was temporarily stopping at the home of Mr. -Davis at the time of the massacre. - -In 1830, John H. Henderson emigrated from Tennessee to Indian Creek -and settled on a homestead adjoining the land of Davis on the south. -Subsequently the Hendersons became prominent politicians, both in -Illinois and Iowa. - -In the spring of 1830, William Davis, a Kentuckian, and a blacksmith by -trade, settled on a land claim on Big Indian Creek, twelve miles north -of Ottawa, in the northern part of La Salle County, Illinois. He was -the first white settler at that place. - -Agriculture and marriage have always been the great necessities to -found permanent civilization. To establish a settlement in the great -west, at that time, a blacksmith shop and a mill were the next two -great necessities, and around those the early settlers broke up the -wild prairie and on the upturned sod sowed buckwheat, turnips and -sod-corn, which within three months produced their first food from the -soil for themselves and their stock. To “break” the tough prairie sod -required a sharp plowshare and colter, which had to be resharpened -frequently. Without the blacksmith the prairie could hardly be -cultivated. The big ox-teams of the neighbors, with which they had -moved into the country, pulled the plow. Next, with the crop produced, -the grist mill to grind the grain was a great necessity. The Indians -and some of the early settlers with hammers and stones pulverized corn -and wheat enough to supply their absolute wants from day to day, but -the whites, who had been accustomed to corn-meal and wheat-flour bread, -were not satisfied with the mashed product. Therefore, Davis, who -supplied both of those great necessities, was a prominent man in the -Davis Settlement. - -The mill-site was where the Sauk trail from Black Hawk’s Village at the -mouth of the Rock River crossed Big Indian Creek and continued thence -east to Canada, where the whole tribe of Sacs went every year to get -their annuities from the English Government.[12] Just above the ford -the creek meandered through a flat-bottomed gulch that was about two -hundred feet wide with precipitous banks about fifteen feet high. At -this point the stream flowed southeasterly and was fringed along its -course with woods that grew dense, and here and there expanded into -groves, but at other places there were openings where the prairie -fires annually destroyed the undergrowth and left standing only the -monarchs of the forest. The north bank of the gulch had an incline of -about forty-five degrees to the level of the prairie. On that bank in -a sparsely timbered opening from which the prairie stretched off to -the cardinal points of the compass, William Davis located his home and -erected his cabin. About that cabin there were trees that produced -fruit, fuel and lumber, among whose branches were singing birds of -great variety, including the Cardinal, the Dickcissel, the Carolina -Wren, the Thrush and the Robin. By May the bank was covered with a -carpet of thick, waving grass, diversified with ever-changing colored -flowers, until the cruel frost of Fall destroyed them. It was an -idyllic spot. No doubt Davis hoped that some day the Davis Settlement -would become Davis City, and that his generations would revel in -mansions that would replace the cottage on the bank of that new Jordan, -where he, like King David, in his old age might kneel among his people -to pray. - -[12] Blanchard’s History of Illinois, 122, and Historical Map. - -[Illustration: SHABONA PARK, SHOWING MILL POND AND STATE MONUMENT.] - -However, the hopes and aspirations of the Davis family were soon to be -blasted. Davis was a powerful man and his Kentucky blood fairly boiled -with resentment at any offense, particularly one given by an Indian, -upon whom he looked as an inferior. With his gun and bowie knife Davis -would fight a dozen Indians--aye, a score. It seemed as though he could -play with them in the air as an athlete plays with Indian clubs. - -About one hundred and fifty feet south of his cottage, Davis erected -a blacksmith shop and a mill. To obtain water power for his mill it -became necessary for Davis to put a dam across the stream. Six miles -farther up Indian Creek there was an Indian village, and as the fish -naturally went up the stream every spring, there was good fishing at -the village for the Indians. The dam prevented the fish from going up, -and the Indians protested against this invasion of their rights. Davis, -however, insisted on his rights to build and maintain the dam, and bad -feelings were engendered. - -One day in April, 1832, Davis discovered an Indian tearing an outlet in -the dam, and with a hickory stick he beat the Indian unmercifully.[13] -Had he killed the Indian it might have ended the affair; but to whip -an Indian with a stick as you would whip a dog, was an insult that -incurred the resentment of the whole Indian village, and instilled in -the Indian a rankling desire for revenge. The incident, however, was -settled by Chief Shabona with the assistance of another Indian chief -named Waubansee, who advised the Indians not to resort to forceful -reparation and to do their fishing below the dam. The Indians followed -Shabona’s advice for some time, but after a while Davis noticed that -they ceased to go below the dam to fish, and being quite familiar with -the Indian character, he took it as an intimation of their anger, and -he prepared for hostilities. - -[13] Black Hawk’s Autobiography, Le Claire, Ch. XII. - -[Illustration: CHIEF SHABONA.] - - - - -CHAPTER IV. - -THE MASSACRE. - - -The year 1831 was known to early settlers in Illinois as “The Dry -Year.” There was little rain and there were long spells of great heat, -so that vegetation was parched and the crop a failure. The season of -1832 was just the opposite.[14] During the first half of the month -of May there were numerous heavy thunder storms with intervals of -hot weather that made the grass and flowers grow very rapidly, but -delayed the farmers in their planting. Also, the several Indian scares -interrupted the settlers in their regular work in the fields. - -[14] “Historic Illinois,” Parish, 258. - -As already stated, immediately after the breaking up of the Indian -council after the defeat of Stillman, Shabona rode in post haste to -the Davis Settlement and warned the people of the danger of an Indian -massacre. The whites loaded on their wagons such articles as could be -readily handled, and drove to Ottawa, the nearest fort, where there was -a garrison of soldiers. - -The Indians did not make the expected raid, and slowly the settlers -returned to their homesteads. During this retreat some of the people -tantalized Davis for running away from the Indians, and his reply was -that he would never do so again. - -On Monday morning, May 21st, Shabona again rode to the Davis Settlement -and warned the whites that there was immediate danger of a massacre. At -this time it happened that Davis was at Ottawa on some business when -Shabona called. However, his family and the neighbors hastily loaded -their furniture and other movable articles on wagons, and hurriedly -drove off to Ottawa. They had almost reached the fort when they met -Davis, who ordered his own family to return, and urged the return of -his immediate neighbors, inviting them all to go to his place where -they would be perfectly safe. The Halls, Hendersons and Pettigrews, -with two farm hands named Henry George and Robert Norris, reluctantly -returned with Davis, and arrived at his cottage about noon. - -After dinner John W. Henderson, Alexander Davis and a younger son of -William Davis, Edward and Greenbury Hall, and Allen Howard, went to -a field about one hundred rods south of the Davis cottage, to plant -corn. In the middle of the afternoon William Hall, John W. Hall, -Robert Norris, Henry George and William Davis, Jr., who were working -on the mill-dam, gathered into the blacksmith shop where Davis was -repairing his gun, to get a drink from a pail of water which had been -brought from a nearby spring. All the loaded guns and the ammunition -were in the dwelling house, where Pettigrew, with his baby in his -arms, was chatting with the ladies who were sewing by the open door. -The afternoon was very hot and was not inspiring to great exertion. -The furniture which had been loaded to drive to Ottawa, was still on -the wagons that stood in the yard. The perfume of the blooming flowers -filled the air which was rich in its freshness after the many days of -rain and lightning. All nature seemed to instill in the little Davis -Settlement a feeling of safety or at least to relieve them from alarm -during the daytime. With the coming darkness, no doubt, they would have -all gathered into the little cottage and some of the men would have -stood guard with their guns to watch for Indians. - -About four o’clock a party of sixty to seventy Indians suddenly leaped -over the garden fence, filled the yard, and part of them rushed towards -the house. Mr. Pettigrew leaped forward to close the door, but was -instantly shot dead. Through the open door the Indians rushed with -spears, and hatchets, and guns, filling the little cottage. There was -no place to hide and no chance for the whites to escape. In her despair -Mrs. Pettigrew threw her arms around Rachel Hall and was killed by a -shot so close to Rachel as to blacken her face with the powder. Rachel -jumped upon the bed, which only placed her in view of more Indians and -increased the danger of being shot. - -The piteous screams of the women and children were terrifying. The -Indians stuck them with spears and hacked them with tomahawks without -feeling or mercy, and as they fell each victim’s scalp was cut off with -a big knife. - -An Indian grabbed Pettigrew’s baby by the legs, rushed out doors, swung -the child over his head, and dashed its brains out against a stump in -the yard. There, also, an Indian on each side held the youngest Davis -boy by his hands, the little lad standing pale and silent, and a third -Indian shot him dead. As his limp body fell, an Indian scalped him. - -In a few moments all the whites in the house excepting Sylvia and -Rachel Hall, namely: Mrs. Wm. Hall, aged forty-five years, her -daughter Elizabeth, aged eight years, Wm. Pettigrew, his wife and two -children, and Mrs. Wm. Davis and her five children, were killed. - -The sudden appearance of the Indians bewildered the men who were in the -blacksmith shop, as they were cut off from their guns and ammunition. -Young Davis slipped behind the shop and thence escaped down the creek. -The others rushed towards the house and were met by a volley of shots. -William Hall, whose breast was pierced by two bullets, with a prayer -on his lips, fell dead at his son John’s feet. Davis called out to -John Hall to “Take care!” and then tried to escape to the woods. -Notwithstanding his prowess and that he made a desperate fight for his -life by using his unloaded gun as a club, he was in a short time so -overcome by Indian warriors with their spears and tomahawks that with -innumerable wounds he sank dead in his yard. John Hall was so paralyzed -by the awful carnage, that for a moment he did not move from where -his father lay. He watched the Indians reloading their guns, then as -a man awakening from a night-mare he jumped down the high bank and a -volley of bullets passed over his head. By hugging closely to the bank -next the Indians, he scrambled hastily down the stream and then ran as -he never ran before, thus escaping. Norris and George slid down the -bank and attempted to cross the creek, but a volley of bullets from -the Indians killed one of them as he was climbing the bank, his body -falling back into the creek, and the other fell on the green sward -above. - -John W. Henderson, two sons of Wm. Davis and two sons of Wm. Hall, who -were at work in the cornfield when the Indians made the attack upon the -Davis cottage, comprehending the situation, hastily fled to Ottawa. -They had sped only about two miles when John W. Hall overtook them. By -reason of his scudding from death in the great heat and his excited -condition, John’s account of the massacre was incoherently told with -uncontrolled emotions of grief and rage. Believing that the Indians -were pursuing, he did not check his speed, but urged the others to -extra efforts until they reached the fort. - -Sylvia and Rachel Hall were each seized by two Indians who dragged them -out of the cottage to the yard where the final acts of the massacre -were taking place. - -In their fiendish desire for revenge for Stillman’s treachery and to -terrify the whites, the Indians cut out the hearts of some of the -slain and otherwise mutilated their bodies. Of all the whites none but -Rachel and Sylvia Hall remained alive to witness the closing act of the -horrible tragedy. As they saw scattered in the yard the bodies of their -murdered parents, their sister, and their neighbors--sixteen in all, -the girls were stupefied with horror. The wonder is that the shock did -not kill both of them. - -The massacre has been described so often, and is so sickening in its -particulars, that we drop the curtain on the tragic scene.[15] - -[15] 3 Smith’s “History of Wisconsin”, 187; “History of La Salle -County,” Baldwin, 95; “The Black Hawk War,” Stevens, 150; “Memories -of Shabona,” Matson, 145-155; _Ottawa Journal_, Aug. 30, 1906; 12 -Transactions Ill. State Hist. Soc., 332; Ford’s History of Illinois, -122. - - - - -CHAPTER V. - -THE CAPTIVITY. - - -A person never knows what he would do under conditions and -circumstances never before experienced: a mother who would flee from a -cow, would, to protect her child, fight a tiger without thought of her -own safety; a timid deer that would flee from a baby, when its nature -is changed by a serious wound will fight a hunter to death; a soldier’s -nature becomes so changed in battle that he obeys orders like an -automaton and in his efforts to kill men exerts himself until the sweat -rolls down his face as it would down the face of a harvest hand mowing -grass. - -Sylvia and Rachel Hall, who in the peace of their home would faint at -the sight of blood, had their nature so changed during the slaughter -and mutilation of their dear relatives and friends that they viewed -the scene with horror that almost paralyzed them and put them in a -psychological condition of mental aberration. - -The spell of lethargy was rudely broken when the girls were dragged off -as captives, first to the creek, and, after Rachel had been pulled half -way across the stream, then back again to the yard. There two Indians, -each seizing one of Sylvia’s hands, and two others taking Rachel in a -similar manner, hustled the girls northward along the easterly side -of the creek. The girls were soon in unknown lands through which they -were tugged on, and on, not knowing whither nor to what fate. Did they -cry? Of course they did; strong men would have wept under similar -circumstances. Did they pray? Yes; but their prayers were not like the -Pharisee’s: they prayed with an intense feeling from the bottom of -their hearts and with all the power of their souls. Were their prayers -answered? Were they? Read on, read on! - -After being hustled and half dragged about a mile and a half, they -came to where a number of horses were tied in the edge of a grove. -Here they met friends: horses belonging to their father and their -neighbors. The horses pricked up their ears, looked at the girls and -whinnied--returning the girls’ recognition. If the girls could have -mounted two of these friendly animals that were bred in Kentucky they -might have ridden to freedom; but it was not so to be. - -The Indians put each girl on a pony furnished with an Indian saddle -and led by a warrior. Thus they traveled on, keeping due north. After -the sun had set the additional terror of darkness was enveloping them. -Occasionally a night-hawk would break the awful silence by swooping -down from his great height with his accustomed “Boo-oo-oo,” and a -whippoor-will would add his monotonous whistle from a decayed log -in the adjacent woods. Otherwise, it was as solemn a procession as -ever moved to the grave, and only for the crack of his whip and an -occasional “ugh” from an Indian there was little to attract attention -until they passed a large grove on their left. The girls had heard of -Shabona’s Grove. Was this that historical sylvan place? Would Shabona -come to their relief? He had saved them and their friends before, and -if it had not been for the obstinacy of Davis they would not have been -in their awful predicament. But the chief, worn out and tired from -his long wild ride of the night before and asleep in his tent, was -unconscious of the passing of that strange and unusual procession. - -Hour after hour passed as the girls rode along weary and heart-sick on -that dark night, with nothing but the stars to light their way, and -not a ray of hope in their hearts. The head waters of Indian creek -and of the Somonauk had been passed and the source of the Sycamore -was reached just as the moon was rising, 51 minutes after twelve -o’clock.[16] Here the first stop was made and the girls were allowed -to rest on some blankets on which they sat together, not daring to -lie down to sleep. The Indians holding their ponies by the bridles, -danced a little, but nothing was said that would indicate their intent, -either as to the place of destination or what they intended to do with -their captives. As the girls could not speak the Indian language or -understand it, there was little medium of communication between them -and the Indians. Their feelings of sorrow for their murdered relatives -mixed with the uncertainty of their own fate, and their disheveled hair -and soiled cheeks through which their tears washed courses, made them -objects of woeful misery. Oh! if the girls could only wash their faces, -which were stained with powder and the blood of their dear friends, -or even in their sorrow comb each other’s hair as they had often done -at their father’s cottage, it would have refreshed them, and, to some -extent, relieved their distress. - -[16] Washington Observatory Record; “Old Farmer’s Almanac,” 1832. - -About half-past three o’clock in the morning of May 22nd, the girls -were replaced on the ponies, the Indians remounted, and once more the -train proceeded in its former order, with Indians before, on the sides, -and in the rear of the girls. They passed groves, here and there, and -hour after hour, with tiresome monotony, they moved along. - -After the sun had lapped the dew, it grew very warm and Rachel became -weary almost to collapse. She thought that if she could walk for -a little while it would give her relief, notwithstanding her weak -condition from fasting and worry. She did not know the language of -the Indians, but necessity finds a way: she made signs of distress -and indicated that she wanted to walk. The Indians understood her and -assisted her from her pony. This little act of gallantry gave her the -first indication of their human sympathy and inspired her with some -confidence in their honor. - -Limp and staggering, she managed to keep pace with the procession. When -they reached the Kishwaukee there was no hesitation and all plunged -into the stream. Rachel, who had not been replaced on her pony, was -forced to wade across through water three feet deep. - -It was now about two o’clock in the afternoon and a stop was made about -twenty-five miles easterly from Stillman’s Run, on the west of a large -grove, to allow the ponies to graze on the bank of the river. Here -they remained for about two hours. The Indians scalded some beans and -roasted some acorns, of which they ate heartily and offered portions to -the girls, who tried to eat so as not to offend the Indians. - -After the Indians had finished their lunch they busied themselves -in stretching on little hoops the scalps that they had taken in the -massacre at Indian Creek. The girls immediately recognized the scalps -of some of their friends, particularly the scalp of their mother. The -sight caused Sylvia to faint. Limp and unconscious she lay beside her -sister, who by the incident was again put into her former psychic -condition, being oblivious to everything about her excepting her -sister’s care. The subconscious thought that she had to protect Sylvia -inspired her with superhuman strength as well as the fighting spirit of -a lioness. If Sylvia should die! what then? If she should be unable to -travel, would the Indians kill her? What torture of mind Rachel must -have suffered! - -About four o’clock Sylvia regained her consciousness, to the great -relief of Rachel who recovered her normal condition of mind. By this -time the Indians had gathered their horses, and replacing the girls on -the ponies that they had been riding, all moved forward leisurely. - -Shortly after starting a detachment of the Indians was sent out to -scout to the westward, and after being gone some time they returned -apparently excited, and immediately the procession assumed a -double-quick, during which the Indian guards in the rear held their -spears poised, as though they expected an attack. After traveling in -that manner for about five miles, the Indians resumed their composure -and slackened their speed to a walking pace. - -Had the Indians seen some of Gen. Whiteside’s scouts? Had they learned -that a detachment of Illinois Militia, of which Abraham Lincoln was a -member, was moving towards them up the Kishwaukee?[17] Or, were the -Indians pursued by the friends of the girls? - -[17] XII Wis. Hist. Col., 241, 242; “The Black Hawk War.” 146. - -If the whites should attack the Indians, Sylvia and Rachel feared that -they would share the fate of their relatives and friends at the Davis -Settlement. Therefore, when the excitement of the Indians subsided, a -feeling of relief from danger of immediate death calmed the girls. - -The extra exertion during the scare caused the pony that Sylvia was -riding to give out, and it was abandoned. Sylvia was then placed -behind an Indian on a fine horse belonging to Mr. Henderson, which, -like the girls, had been taken captive at Indian Creek. Thus they -traveled, on and on, until about nine o’clock in the evening when they -arrived at Black Hawk’s Grove on the east side of the present city -of Janesville, Wisconsin, where the whole of Black Hawk’s tribe was -encamped.[18] During twenty-eight hours the girls had traveled about -eighty miles from the place of their capture, and were worn out almost -beyond description. No one can fully comprehend their condition without -reflecting upon that extremely long ride on horseback, without food -or drink, mourning their dead, and tortured with the worry over their -future fate. - -[18] Hist. of Rock Co., by Gurnsey & Willard, 19; 14 Wis. Hist. Col., -129; 6 Wis. Hist. Col., 422. - -On their arrival at Black Hawk’s Grove there was great rejoicing at the -Indian camp. Several squaws hurried to the girls, assisted them off -their horses, and conducted them to the center of the camp where they -had prepared a comfortable place in the form of beds of animal skins -and blankets. Also, the squaws brought in wooden bowls, parched corn, -meal and maple-sugar mixed, which they invited the girls to eat. More -through fear than appetite, the girls partook of the food, although it -was disgusting to them. - -The squaws requested the girls to throw on the fire particles of food -and some tobacco which they handed them. The girls complied with the -request of their dusky hosts, although they did not know for what -purpose it was required. As a matter of fact, it was a common practice -among the Indian tribes to make the offering of food and tobacco -to their gods in case of escape from death or as thanks for some -extraordinary good fortune.[19] - -[19] 2 “Indian Tribes of U. S.”, Drake, 68, 72; 6 Schoolcraft’s, -“History of Indian Tribes of the U. S.”, 83, 88. - -The squaws requested Sylvia and Rachel to lie down on separate beds, -and then a squaw lay on each side of each of the girls, so that there -was no chance for escape. Thus abed, they had a night of confused, -disordered sleep, in which visions of their friends and the scenes of -the massacre haunted them almost continually. The squaws endeavored to -soothe the girls, but they could not take the place of that mother who -in their childish nightmares would say to them: “My dears, say a prayer -and try to sleep.” - - “But God is sweet. - My mother told me so, - When I knelt at her feet - Long--so long--ago; - She clasped my hands in hers. - Ah! me, that memory stirs - My soul’s profoundest deep-- - No wonder that I weep. - She clasped my hands and smiled, - Ah! then I was a child-- - I knew no harm-- - My mother’s arm - Was flung around me; and I felt - That when I knelt - To listen to my mother’s prayer, - God was with mother there. - Yea! “God is sweet!” - She told me so; - She never told me wrong; - And through my years of woe - Her whispers soft, and sad, and low, - And sweet as Angel’s song, - Have floated like a dream.”--Fr. Ryan. - - - - -CHAPTER VI. - -TO THE RESCUE. - - -When John W. Hall arrived at Ottawa he did not know that his sisters -had been taken prisoners, but he supposed that they had been massacred -with the rest of the people at the Davis cottage. His first impulse was -revenge, and he rushed wildly about, urging men to arm and go with him -to the scene of the massacre. The spirit of adventure was rampant among -the people at the time, and John soon found himself at the head of a -considerable number of mounted men armed with all kinds of guns, who -followed him like a mob, from Ottawa to the Davis Settlement. - -On their way out they met some of the men who were defeated at -Stillman’s Run, returning to Ottawa. John endeavored to have these men -accompany him to the Davis Settlement, but they had enough of Indian -adventure, and instead of assisting John, discouraged the men with him -from engaging in a fight with the Indians. - -When John’s squadron arrived at the Davis cottage there was presented -an awful sight--thirteen murdered and mutilated bodies in and about -the cottage, some hung on shambles like butchered pigs, just as they -were left by the Indians. On the creek below the cottage were found the -bodies of Norris and George where they fell from the bullets of the -Indians. The absence of his sisters Rachel and Sylvia from among the -dead, presented to John a new quandary. A careful search was made about -the premises but no traces of the girls could be found. - -After having seen the awful deaths of their fellow-whites, the men who -accompanied John had their desire for adventure changed to a feeling -of fear, which they tried to hide under the excuse that it would be -impossible to proceed after the Indians without rations and tents. - -The situation was a trying one for John. In vain did he appeal to the -men to help him rescue his sisters. Not one would volunteer to go with -him, and after burying all the dead in one grave in front of the little -cottage, John and his squadron hastily returned to Ottawa. - -In hopes of rescuing his sisters, John again recruited a force and -obtained the necessaries to follow up the Indians. Early on the second -day after the massacre, with about forty men and two days’ rations, -without any commissary, John led his little army to the Davis -Settlement and along the Indian trail until he lost it on the great -prairie. He concluded that the Indians had taken the “Kishwaukee Trail” -to where the Kishwaukee flows into the Rock River, and he followed -that route until he arrived at his objective point without attaining -his chief aim. Disappointed in not even getting any information of -his sisters and in not finding further track of the Indians, and his -rations having run out, John was again obliged to return with his -troops to Ottawa for a fresh supply, when once more he started on a -fruitless search for his sisters. - -[Illustration: COL. HENRY GRATIOT.] - - - - -CHAPTER VII. - -MILITARY MOVEMENTS. - - -When a remnant of Stillman’s men returned to Dixon after an exciting -ride of twenty-four miles from Stillman’s Run, they reported that they -had been attacked by thousands of Indians and that all the rest of the -army had been massacred. The exaggerated report set a few of the men -who had not been with Stillman, keen to fight; but it instilled into -most of them a sense of home-sickness, and many of them requested to be -excused from duty. Gen. Taylor immediately reported the situation to -Gen. Atkinson, at Ottawa, and the latter ordered Generals Whiteside and -Harney, who were in command of some United States regulars, to pursue -the Indians. - -When the troops arrived at Stillman’s Run they found the bodies of -thirteen soldiers and most of the deserted commissary which had -included a barrel of whiskey that Black Hawk emptied on the ground. -Black Hawk destroyed the wagons and everything else that could not be -carried away, excepting a few boats that belonged to the Indians which -were left on the river bank. - -As a matter of fact Black Hawk had only forty warriors with him at the -time of the attack on him by Stillman’s men, while Stillman had about -three hundred men. At the time of the attack many of Stillman’s men -were under the influence of liquor and most of them in such a state -of insubordination that they paid no attention to the orders of their -officers. Thus they rushed into the camp of Black Hawk, and, as each -was acting independently, it was but a short time until the Indians by -their shots and yells had the militia scared crazy and on the run.[20] - -[20] The Black Hawk War, Stevens, 133, 137. - -On May 22nd, in accordance with Gen. Anderson’s order, Gen. Whiteside -took up and followed the Indian trail for thirty-six miles along the -Kishwaukee and the Sycamore; but when the high prairie was reached, the -Indians scattered so in all directions that the troops were unable to -track them further, and the army proceeded to the Fox River and down -that stream to Ottawa, where it arrived on May 27th. - -On the day that the girls passed a few miles to the east, the United -States troops found on the Sycamore, articles belonging to the Indians -who committed the massacre at Davis Settlement, among which were three -scalps. Perhaps it was fortunate for the girls that Gen. Whiteside -had not discovered and attacked the Indians, because under such -circumstances the Indians might have murdered them. - -Among the troops under Gen. Whiteside was the company in which Captain -Abraham Lincoln, subsequently the great president of the United States, -served. Probably the girls had not yet heard of him, who, if he had -known of their predicament, might have ended their captivity on that -day. - -During the march up the Sycamore, an old Pottawatomie Indian came -into camp, tired and hungry, with a letter of safe conduct, signed by -Gen. Lewis Cass. Some of the men declared the letter was a forgery, -and that the Indian was a spy and should be put to death. When the -soldiers threatened the poor fellow, Capt. Lincoln stepped forward and -said that he would shoot any man who would assault the Indian.[21] It -can be readily seen how a man of Lincoln’s bravery and superior mental -resources, might have freed the girls without injury to them. - -[21] The Black Hawk War, 285. - - - - -CHAPTER VIII. - -REWARD OFFERED. - - -The day after the massacre messengers carried the news in all -directions to the various settlements in Illinois, southern Wisconsin, -northern Indiana and western Michigan. At every settlement block-houses -or stockades were built and the whites prepared to defend themselves -against attacks of the Indians. At Galena the people assembled on -May 28th and passed resolutions (among other things) deploring the -captivity of the Hall girls and declaring their obligations to obtain -the release of the captives. In Michigan along the lake shore, there -was great excitement, intensified by frequent rumors that the Indians -were coming.[22] - -[22] Michigan newspapers, 1832. - -Gen. Atkinson who was then at Ottawa offered the Indians a reward of -$2,000 in horses, goods or money, for the safe delivery of the girls, -as it was feared that if force were used the Indians would murder -the girls. In Wisconsin, Col. Dodge who had command at Blue Mounds -Fort (25 miles west of Madison, Wisconsin), immediately recruited an -army and made plans to get the girls. Lieutenant Edward Beouchard at -Blue Mounds and Henry Gratiot of Gratiot’s Grove (15 miles northeast -of Galena), who were friends of the Indians with whom they had great -influence, engaged in the search for the girls. - -Gratiot went to Turtle Village (now Beloit, Wisconsin), where there -was a tribe of Winnebagoes with whom he had been on friendly terms and -who were supposed to be friends of the whites. However, the Indians -took him prisoner and he almost sacrificed his life in his endeavor -to obtain the release of the Hall girls. He succeeded, however, in -making his message known to the Indians, and arousing among them a -strong incentive to obtain the reward. While he was held as a prisoner, -an Indian chief to whom Gratiot had often given presents and shown -kindness, came to him and offered his services to aid in Gratiot’s -escape. Also Col. Gratiot was the government agent who paid the -Winnebagoes their annual allowance from the United States government, -which, no doubt, had some influence. The Indian took the Colonel to his -tent, and late in the night silently conducted him to the river and -gave him a canoe in which he paddled to safety. On his return home, -Gratiot reported that the captive girls were somewhere near the head of -Rock River in southern Wisconsin. He had gleaned that much information -from conversations among the Indians whose language he understood. - -Not knowing that Col. Gratiot had visited Turtle Village, Gen. Anderson -sent by messenger to Blue Mounds, the following letter: - - “Headquarters Right Wing West. Dept., - Dixon’s Ferry, 27th May, 1832. - - “Sir: - -“In the attack of the Sac Indians on the settlements on a branch of Fox -River the 22nd inst., fifteen men, women, and children, were killed, -and two young women were taken prisoners. This heart-rending occurrence -should not only call forth our sympathies, but urge us to relieve the -survivors. - -“You will therefore proceed to the Turtle Village or send someone of -confidence and prevail on the head chiefs and braves of the Winnebagoes -there to go over to the hostile Sacs and endeavor to ransom the -prisoners. Offer the Winnebagoes a large reward to effect the object: -$500 or $1000 for each. - -“I expected to have heard from you before this. - - Very respectfully your obt. sevt., - H. ATKINSON, - Brig. Gen., U. S. Army.” - - “Henry Gratiot, Esq., - Indian Agent.” - -When the dispatch reached the Mounds on May 28, Col. Gratiot who -had already visited Turtle Village had not returned, and Lieutenant -Beouchard who was then in command of the Port, opened the dispatch and -forwarded it to the Colonel. Also, Beouchard sent the substance of -the dispatch to Col. Dodge, who was then at Port Union, Col. Dodge’s -residence, near Dodgeville. Then Lieutenant Beouchard mounted his -horse and rode to a Winnebago encampment which was situated northeast -of Blue Mounds where Chief Wau-kon-kah was the head Indian. Beouchard -requested the chief to go to White Crow, Whirling Thunder and Spotted -Arm and inform them of the captivity of the Hall girls, and the reward -that had been offered for their release, instructing the Indians to -get the girls at any risk: by purchase, if possible; but by force, if -necessary. He assured the Indians that they would receive the reward -in case of success. The Indians promised to make the attempt. - -May 28th, Col. Gratiot wrote a letter to Governor Porter, of Michigan, -telling of the Indian Creek Massacre and the captivity of the Hall -girls, and, among other things, said: “Compelled by our feelings and -relying on the justice of our country, we did not hesitate to promise -a few of my trusty Winnebagoes a reward if they would bring us those -ladies unhurt. We promised them the highest reward that could be -offered.” Therefore, it is evident that Gratiot had offered a reward -for the release of the girls before he received Gen. Anderson’s -dispatch. - -On the day that Col. Gratiot returned from Turtle Village, he received -Gen. Anderson’s letter. On the same day he received further information -that the Winnebagoes had success in their endeavors to ransom the -unfortunate girls, and he immediately started for Blue Mounds, where he -arrived on June 2nd. - - - - -CHAPTER IX. - -THE CAPTIVE GIRLS. - - -In Chapter V we left the girls as prisoners at Black Hawk’s Grove, -Janesville, Wisconsin. Notwithstanding their night of disturbed sleep -and great need for rest, the girls were awakened at daylight by the -noise of the Indians around the tent. - -Soon after the girls arose the squaws brought them their breakfast -which consisted of dried sliced meat, coffee and porridge made of corn -pounded and water, that was served in wooden bowls with wooden spoons. -The little rest that the girls got through the night, revived them and -gave them some appetite, so that they were able to eat part of the -food, although they did not relish it. - -Breakfast being finished, the Indians cleared off a piece of ground -about ninety feet in circumference and erected in the center a pole -about twenty-five feet high, around which they set up fifteen spears, -on the points of which were placed the scalps of the murdered friends -of the girls. To the horror of the girls, they recognized the scalps of -their father, mother and Mrs. Pettigrew. Upon three separate spears -the Indians placed three human hearts, which added greatly to the -horror of the girls. Was one of the hearts their mother’s? - -The Indians jabbered among themselves for awhile and then the squaws -painted one side of the face of each of the girls red and the other -side black. Then the girls were laid with their faces downward on -blankets near the center, just leaving room for the Indians to pass -between them and the pole. When these preliminaries were completed, the -warriors, grasping in their hands their spears, which they occasionally -struck into the ground, and yelling all the while as Indians only -can, danced around the girls. Every moment while this was going on, -the girls expected to be thrust through with the spears; but they had -become so harrassed with dread of torture, that they almost wished to -have death end their troubles. However, not one of the spears touched -the girls, and outside of keeping them in terror, they were in nowise -injured. - -After the warriors had continued their dance for about half an hour, -two old squaws (one of whom was the wife of Black Hawk) led the girls -away to a wigwam where they washed off the paint as well as they could -by scrubbing them unmercifully. The squaws had adopted the girls, and, -as the children of chiefs, they were not required to work. - -The Indians having finished their dance, struck their tents, and, -after a good deal of bustle and confusion, the whole camp started in -a northerly direction. When they reached a point beyond the grove, -it seemed to the girls that the whole earth was alive with Indians. -Probably not less than 4,000 warriors, squaws, and children constituted -that army. - -Tired and sore from their former long ride and greatly exhausted by -their constant fears, it was an extraordinary ordeal for the girls -to plunge still farther into the wilderness. During traveling hours -the girls were separated and each was placed in charge of two squaws. -Whenever the army halted the girls were brought together, but always -kept under the surveillance of the four squaws. - -Their march from Black Hawk’s Grove was very slow and over a broad -prairie. Shortly before sundown the Indians pitched their tents at -Cold Spring, about three miles southeast of Ft. Atkinson, near “Burnt -Village,” the camp of Little Priest.[23] - -[23] Hist. of Jefferson Co., 327. - -As soon as the tents were erected everybody partook of some food, -most of the Indians without any utensils, but the girls were supplied -with the usual dishes: wooden plates, bowls and spoons. At this place -maple-sugar seemed to be abundant and the girls were furnished all of -it that they could eat. Also, the squaws seemed to appreciate the fact -that the girls were suffering from exposure, and took great pains to -make their quarters as comfortable as possible. - -During their long tramp through the brush, the light working dresses -that the girls had on at the time that they were captured had become -badly torn, and the squaws brought Rachel a red and white calico dress -with ruffles around the bottom, and Sylvia, a blue calico. The Indians -requested the girls to throw away their shoes and put on moccasins, -against which the latter strongly protested and refused to take off -their shoes. No violence to take away their shoes was used, and the -girls continued to wear them. An Indian threw away Rachel’s comb and -she immediately went after it and kept it so that it could not be -snatched away again without using force, to which the Indians did not -resort. - -As night set in the Indians retired and each of the girls had to sleep -between two squaws, which they were compelled to do thereafter up to -the time that they were turned over to the Winnebagoes. - -Day after day the Indians changed the location of their camp, probably -to evade the whites if they should pursue them. From Cold Spring -by circuitous routes, through the beautiful lake country around -Oconomowoc, they moved northward until they reached the rolling hills -near Horicon Lake where they pitched their camp not far from the -rapids, and southeast of the Indian village of Big Fox.[24] - -[24] V. Wis. Hist. Col., 260; Black Hawk’s Autobiography, 106, 110, -160; “Waubun,” 320; Hist. of Dodge Co., by Hubbell, 67. - -The girls had now traveled about 150 miles north from their home. It -was the eighth day of their captivity, and to them the time was so -long that every minute seemed almost a day; and since they last sat at -dinner in the little cottage of William Davis at Indian Creek, although -very vivid in their minds, seemed an age. Also, the unknown places at -which they had camped being in such various directions from each other, -the girls had no idea how far they had gone from Black Hawk’s Grove -(Janesville). Everywhere they traveled Indian camps were numerous, -because as soon as spring had opened the Indians divided into small -camps to make maple sugar. Were the girls to put an estimate upon the -number of Indians in that unknown region, it certainly would have -reached high up into the thousands. - -At every camp the dance around the pole with all its hideous -surroundings, accompanied by the Indian yells and war-whoops, the -rattling of gourds, and waving of weapons, was repeated. - -Among the tribes east of the Mississippi River it was an honor -principle that their female captives should not be tortured nor their -chastity violated; but if white men were taken captives they were -reduced to slavery and obliged to wait upon the white women after they -had been adopted by the Indians.[25] Notwithstanding this unwritten -law, these dances with the scalps on the spears harrassed the girls and -caused them to sob and weep bitterly. - -[25] 1, “Handbook of American Indians,” 203. - -One morning after many repetitions of the dance around the pole, the -program was varied by a party of warriors coming to the lodge where the -girls were in the custody of the squaws, placing in their hands small -red flags, and then the Indians with their captives marched around -the encampment, stopping at each wigwam and waving their flags at the -doors, accompanied by some recitation of a chief and the rattling of -gourds, all of which was not understood by the girls and they were -unable to comprehend the significance of what they were doing. As a -matter of fact the performance was a religious ceremony in which the -gourds took the place of bells used by several Christian denominations -during their religious ceremonies. - -[Illustration: COL. HENRY DODGE.] - - - - -CHAPTER X. - -RANSOMED. - - -On the morning of the ninth day of their captivity, some warriors took -Sylvia off about forty rods to where a number of chiefs seemed to be -holding a council. One of the Indians told Sylvia that she must go -with an old chief who was pointed out to her, namely, White Crow, a -chief of the Winnebagoes, who was about fifty years of age, tall, slim, -with a hawk nose, and as much of sinister look as a man who had only -one eye could have, for one of his eyes had been put out in a brawl. -He was addicted to drink, gambling, fighting, and other disreputable -practices.[26] Under any circumstances Sylvia might have protested -against going with him; but when he informed her that Rachel must stay -behind, Sylvia declared that she would not go without her sister. -White Crow, who was a fine and fluent orator, and spokesman of his -band on all occasions, made a long, loud speech in which he exhibited -considerable excitement, but was listened to with great interest by the -other warriors. After he had finished, Chief Whirling Thunder arose, -walked over to where Rachel was and brought her to where the council -was being held. The situation was painfully interesting to the girls, -because they had some intimation that it was all about their fate. - -[26] X. Wis. Hist. Col., 253. - -After some conversation among the chiefs they shook hands and the -captives were surrendered to White Crow, who must now get the girls to -Blue Mounds Fort to obtain the $2,000 reward. The Port was about eighty -miles to the southwest in a bee line. By the nearest trail through the -Madison lake region, it was about ninety-three miles; and by way of -Portage and thence on the Military Road to the Blue Mounds Fort, it was -about one hundred and seven miles. The Sacs and Foxes were along the -former route, which meant great danger, and the Military Road was the -best in that country. Therefore, White Crow chose the latter route. -The horses were brought, riding switches were cut and White Crow and -Whirling Thunder with their captives seemed ready to go. The squaws -with whom the girls had been staying were very much grieved at parting -with them, tears rolling down their cheeks, and the girls who now -reciprocated the affection of the squaws, preferred to stay with them -rather than to go with the warriors; but the chief’s stern orders had -to be obeyed. - -At this trying moment of the girls, a young warrior suddenly stepped up -to Rachel and with a large knife cut a lock of hair from over her right -ear and another from the back of her head. At the same time he muttered -to White Crow, in the Indian language, something which the girls -afterwards learned, was that he would have Rachel back in three or four -days. His example was followed by another Indian who stepped up to -Sylvia and without leave or a word of explanation, cut a lock of hair -from the front of her head and placed it in his hunting-pouch. Sometime -afterward a number of Indians made an attack on Kellogg’s Grove colony -(near Dodgeville, Wis.) and one of them who was shot by a miner named -Casey had around his neck a lock of braided hair which was subsequently -identified as that taken from the head of Rachel Hall. - -It might not be amiss, here, to state that among some of the Indian -tribes the cutting of the hair had a mystical meaning closely allied -to the life of a person, and was usually attended with religious -rites. The first clipping of a child’s hair was retained for religious -purposes. A scalp had a double meaning: it indicated an act of -supernatural power that had decreed the death of the man, and it served -as tangible proof of the warrior’s prowess over his enemies.[27] - -[27] 1, “Handbook of Am. Indians,” 524. - -[Illustration: WHERE HALL GIRLS ENTERED CANOES.] - -While the Indians were taking locks of hair from the girls, White Crow, -Whirling Thunder, and a few more Indians, had mounted their horses, and -with their captives on ponies, all rode off at a gallop, keeping up -a rapid speed during the rest of the day and far into the night, the -Indians looking back frequently. - -No doubt White Crow feared that the Sacs might regret that they let the -girls go, and would try to recapture them. It was about forty-seven -miles to Portage, and until that place was reached the danger was -great. The girls appreciated the danger; otherwise, they would have -dropped off their ponies from sheer exhaustion. A ride of forty-seven -miles on wabbly ponies! - -Finally, they arrived on the bank of the Wisconsin River near the mouth -of Duck Creek (just below Portage, Wis.) where was located a village of -Chief Dekorah.[28] - -[28] XIII. Wis. Hist. Co., 448; III. ib. 286; Waubun, Kinzie, 103. - -At this place the Indians prepared a bed upon a low scaffold, which was -furnished with abundant blankets and furs, where the girls lay until -daylight. The sun had not yet arisen when a party of Sac warriors, some -of whom were dressed in the clothing of white men, came into camp. They -wanted to talk to the girls, but Whirling Thunder told the girls not to -listen to them and to keep away from them. Then a long conversation of -loud angry words was kept up between the Indians for some time, when -the Sacs mounted their horses and rode away. - -It was ascertained later that one of the Indians who helped to capture -the girls at Indian Creek was on a hunting trip when the captives were -turned over to the Winnebagoes and on his return finding the prisoners -gone and not having received his portion of the ransom, he started off -with a number of warriors with the determination to recapture the girls -or kill them. No doubt that if the Sacs had overtaken the Winnebagoes -with their captives before they had reached the Winnebago camp, they -would have fought for the girls, which would either have ended in the -death of the girls or their being again carried off into captivity. -Such was the Indian custom.[29] What an almost miraculous escape the -girls had! - -[29] 2, Handbook of American Indians, 203. - -Immediately after the Sacs left, a hastened breakfast was prepared. No -doubt White Crow feared an attack if he should keep the girls at that -place or if he should continue his journey along the Military Road. -Whatever caused him to change his course, he arranged to take the girls -down the Wisconsin River[30] and to send the horses around over the -hills, on the west side of the river, to the next camping place. - -[30] Memories of Shaubena, 160. - -Breakfast was eaten as hastily as it had been prepared and then the -girls were placed in canoes and with a convoy of about one hundred -Indians, were paddled off. At first the girls feared that their little -barks would tip, but soon they found their canoes were in expert and -safe hands and that the new manner of travel was far superior to -horse-back riding. It was restful and gave them a fine opportunity for -observation, which under favorable circumstances would drive an artist -into ecstasy. The majestic bluffs with wooded slopes and craggy crests, -lined the river for many miles, stretching off to the west around -Devil’s Lake. It was ideal scenery and connected with many a romantic -Indian tale. - -The spring freshets from the melting snows and heavy rains, had swollen -the river so that it spread considerably over its banks, reaching in -places from the foot of one bluff to the foot of another. Down this -murky water the Indians paddled their canoes, hour after hour, over a -distance of about thirty miles, and landed on the west bank, where they -camped for the night. - -In speaking of this canoe ride the girls say: “The name of the river -we never knew, neither can we tell whether we traveled up or down the -stream.” The name of the river was learned from Shabona. It is not -strange that the girls could not tell which way the river flowed. The -writer has often been on that river during freshets, and the way the -water flows back and forth, dotted with eddies, would easily confuse a -stranger. - -Early the next morning White Crow went around to the wigwams with a -gourd in each hand, and stopping at the door of each wigwam he would -shake the gourds violently and talk as if he were lecturing. - -Having finished this religious service, he left the camp and did not -return again until sundown. Probably, he crossed the river and went -to his own village at the west end of Mendota Lake to get information -concerning the ransom offered for the captives. He was a sly chief, -and if he did not have considerable confidence in the success of his -undertaking, instead of taking the girls across to Blue Mounds he might -have them run further down the river and there hold them longer in -captivity. - -The thirty-first day of May had arrived and for the second night -the Indians camped on the west side of the Wisconsin River. Before -retiring, White Crow for the first time spoke to the girls in the -English language. He inquired whether their father, mother, or any -sister or brother, was alive, to which the girls replied that all had -been killed on the day of their captivity. White Crow appeared sad, -shook his head, and after hesitating a moment, said he would take -the girls home in the morning. He asked the girls if they thought -the whites would hang him if he took them to the fort, to which they -replied that on the contrary the people at the fort would give him -money and presents for his trouble. - -The conversation with White Crow roused the hopes of the girls -considerably, but a lingering doubt as to the truth of his words kept -revolving in their minds throughout the night. - -[Illustration: WHERE HALL GIRLS LEFT WISCONSIN RIVER. - -† “BLACK HAWK’S LOOKOUT.”] - -The next morning the chiefs accompanied by about forty warriors put the -girls in canoes and swam their horses across the river alongside of the -canoes, landing above the mouth of Black Earth Creek. The horses were -mounted in haste, but as most of the warriors had to travel on foot and -were impeded by marshes and underbrush on the flat bottom, the progress -was slow. The girls watched the sun with eagerness in their endeavor -to tell which way they were traveling and were assured thereby that -they were again going southward, although only in a circuitous course. -Hour after hour passed away, the girls all the while expecting to -catch sight of the fort. Finally, as the sun was sinking off over the -Wisconsin River, the Indians once more camped for the night on the bank -of a creek. - -There were two or three Indian families camped at this place, and on -seeing the girls they expressed great joy. In a short time the squaws -had prepared a supper consisting of pickled pork, potatoes, coffee and -bread for the girls, White Crow and Whirling Thunder, the rest of -the Indians dining apart from them. The meal was the best cooked and -the spread the cleanest that had been placed before the girls, and it -tempted their appetite so that they made a very fair meal, after which -they felt sleepy and were glad when they could lie down to rest. In a -short time most of the Indians had retired, excepting White Crow, who -seated himself close to the girls, where he smoked a pipe all night. -This was the first time that a warrior had kept guard over them, and -the inference of the girls was that the old chief feared an attack of -the Sacs who had visited their camp at Portage. The girls thought that -perhaps the Indian chief who had been rebuffed at that place might -have gone after recruits, and that at any moment the Indians might -swoop down upon them. Now, when they were almost within grasp of their -freedom, it racked the minds of the girls to think that there was a -possibility of being slaughtered or again carried into captivity. In -this condition of mind the girls passed the night. - -The camp was astir at sunrise and for the last time White Crow went -around performing his religious service by rattling his gourds and -addressing the Indians. After breakfast the girls were again mounted -on their ponies and all moved forward over higher ground, and before -ten o’clock they had reached the Military Road from Fort Winnebago, by -way of Blue Mounds, to Prairie du Chien. The sight of the wagon tracks -was the first sign of civilization that the girls had observed since -their captivity and increased their confidence in the probability of -their early release. Also, the road was much better than any they had -traveled since their capture. It led through groves and oak openings, -along the high ridge that is unbroken to the Mississippi River. -Inspirations of hope were necessary to revive the girls’ spirits and -enable them to complete the remainder of their long journey, as they -were exhausted to the verge of collapse. Hope is a great stimulant, and -it was on this that the girls were now subsisting. - - “Auspicious Hope! in thy sweet garden grow - Wreaths for each toil, a charm for every woe.” - -About two o’clock in the afternoon the Indians halted for lunch and -to let their horses feed. The principal food was duck eggs, nearly -hatched, that the Indians ate with relish, but which the girls rejected -with disgust. After lunch they had not traveled far until they caught -sight of Blue Mounds Fort in the distance. White Crow took a white -handkerchief that Rachel had tied on her head, which he fastened on -a pole for a flag of truce, and rode in advance of the Indians and -their captives. In a short time Lieutenant Edward Beouchard, who was -commander at the fort, met them and addressed the Indians in their own -language. The warriors now formed a circle into which Beouchard rode -and he and the Indians talked at considerable length. According to -Beouchard’s subsequent statement the Indians were unwilling to give -up the girls until they were assured by Col. Gratiot that the $2,000 -reward would be paid. Beouchard having assured the girls that they -would be well treated by the Indians until his return, went back to the -fort and soon returned with Col. Henry Gratiot, the Indian agent, and -a company of soldiers in which Edward and Reason Hall, uncles of the -captives, were serving as privates. - -Col. Gratiot assured the Indians that the reward for the rescue of the -girls would be paid. Also, he invited the Indians to be his guests at -the fort, and that he would prepare a big feast for them. The Indians -being very hungry the feast appealed very strongly to them. Finally, -the chiefs agreed to place the girls in the custody of Col. Gratiot -until the reward would be paid, the Indians retaining the right to the -return of the captives if the government failed to pay. - -The calico dresses which the girls had received from the Indians, had -become torn by riding through brake, briars and brush, and with their -soiled faces and disheveled hair, made them objects of pity.[31] In a -sense, the girls bearing their crosses, had followed their Master up -Calvary to its summit, where He granted their prayer by setting them -free. - -[31] 3, Smith’s Hist. of Wis., 214, 225. - - - - -CHAPTER XI. - -ROYALLY WELCOMED. - - -Following close behind the soldiers that went out with Col. Gratiot -to meet the Indians with the girls, were the ladies of the Fort, -including the wives of the commanding officers, and although the -Indians had delivered the girls into the custody of Col. Gratiot, the -ladies immediately took charge of them, and after kissing and hugging -them affectionately, conducted them to the Fort, where the girls were -furnished with new clothes and the best meal that the place could -produce. After dining the girls became sleepy and retired to rest, -feeling perfectly secure. - - “Sleep! to the homeless thou are home; - The friendless find in thee a friend; - And well is, wheresoe’er he roam, - Who meets thee at his journey’s end.” - -A messenger who had been dispatched for Col. Dodge, met him on his -way to the Mounds in company with Capt. Bion Gratiot, a brother of -Col. Henry Gratiot. On his arrival Col. Dodge immediately assumed -general command of the place. He invited the Indian chiefs, White -Crow, Whirling Thunder and Spotted Arm, into the Fort, and fed them -sumptuously. Ebenezer Brigham who lived at the east end of the Mounds -contributed a big fat steer for the feast. After the feast, lodgings -for the Indians were prepared, beds for the chiefs having been provided -in one of the cottages. Having everything comfortably arranged, the -Colonel retired and was soon fast asleep. - -About an hour after Col. Dodge had gone to bed, Capt. Gratiot came -rushing to his cabin in an excited manner, calling to him to rouse up -and prepare for action immediately. He informed the Colonel that the -Indian chiefs whom the Colonel had placed in the cottage, had gone -out to some brush near by and apparently were inciting the Indians to -make an attack upon the Fort. White Crow had come to the Captain and -after telling him that the whites were a soft-shelled breed and no good -to fight (referring to Stillman’s defeat), he closed by advising the -Captain to tell his brother, Col. Gratiot, the Indians’ friend, to go -home and not stay at the fort. Also, Capt. Gratiot had observed the men -whetting their knives, tomahawks and spears, and it was learned that -two of the warriors had been sent to the Winnebago camp early in the -evening, probably to obtain more Indians to attack the Fort. - -Col. Dodge, after listening attentively to the story of Capt. Gratiot, -replied: “Do not be alarmed, sir; I will see that no harm befalls you.” - -Col. Dodge then called the officer of the guard and an interpreter -and with six other men went out to where the Indians were and took -into custody White Crow and five of the other principal chiefs, and -marched them into a cabin inside the palisade to secure obedience -to his command. Then after directing the proper officer to place a -strong guard around the cabin and double the guard around the whole -encampment, the Colonel lay down with the Indians. To carry out the -Colonel’s orders took all the men at the Fort, so that virtually the -whole force was under arms during the night.[32] Once more the girls’ -lives were in jeopardy. - -[32] X. Wis. Hist. Col., 186. - -The night passed without another incident and when the sun arose over -the great plains to the east, the girls were up and relished a good -breakfast with their friends that awaited them. Col. Dodge was out -before the girls and he told the Indians that they must all go to -Morrison’s Grove, a place where the road to Galena branches off the -Military Road to Prairie du Chien, about fifteen miles west of Blue -Mounds. The Indians--White Crow particularly--protested against going, -stating that their feet were sore from their long march in bringing -the Hall girls to the Mounds, and that they had shown such great -magnanimity in risking their lives to ransom the prisoners that they -should receive their reward and be allowed to return home. Col. Dodge -frankly told them that he believed that they were in sympathy with -Black Hawk and that he should be obliged to treat them as suspects. In -vain did White Crow use his eloquence in protesting his friendship for -the whites, and after all was in readiness the Indians and soldiers -accompanied by the Hall girls started on their march to Morrison’s -Grove, where they arrived before noon. Here George Medary kept a hotel -in a large house built by the Morrison brothers of hewn logs, adjoining -a cultivated field, one of the first in the state.[33] - -[33] XIII. Wis. Hist. Col., 341; “Waubun,” 111. - -The ladies looked after the comfort of the girls, whom they welcomed -with much exhibition of joy and affection, and Col. Dodge, after having -the Indians well fed, ordered the chiefs to line them up until he could -talk to them. - -First Col. Dodge explained the alarming situation surrounding the white -settlers, and the information that he had that the Winnebagoes were -hesitating to join Black Hawk, and warned them of their destruction if -they should take part in the war against the whites. Next Col. Gratiot -spoke to the Indians in their own tongue, in a kindly manner, and after -he had finished White Crow made the following speech: “Fathers, when -you sent a request to me to go and to ransom those two white women, we -called on all of our people who were around us and they gave all of -their wampum, trinkets and corn, and we the chiefs gave ten horses. -The Little Priest, I, and two others, went to the Sauks to buy the -prisoners. We soon succeeded in buying one, but for a time could not -succeed in buying the other. After we had bought one, we demanded the -other. They said, ‘No, we will not give her up. We have lost too much -blood. We will keep her.’ - -“We told them: ‘If you don’t give her up, we will raise the tomahawk -and take her.’ I had a horse which you, father (Gratiot), gave me. It -was the last horse that I had. I told them that I would give them that -horse to obtain the prisoner. At sundown they gave me the girls and -I gave them the horse. The Little Priest took one of the girls and I -took the other and put them on horses. A Sauk came, as we were about -to start, and attempted to cut off the hair of one of the girls. I -caught his hand and prevented him, but allowed him afterwards to cut a -small lock. These white sisters were very much affected and my young -daughter cried to see these white sisters so distressed. Our women -bought clothes from the Sauks and gave them. These sisters will tell -you that we made them sleep together, and the daughter of the Little -Priest slept on one side of them and my daughter on the other side. We -were mortified that we could not use them better. Our blankets are worn -out and we could do no better. I tried to please and comfort them, but -they were not accustomed to our mode of living and could not eat. - -“Here are our two sisters, we bring them here to take their hands and -give them into your hands. We have saved their lives, for the Sauks -intended to kill them. - -“And now, fathers, all that we have to ask of you is that you will not -put us or our children in the same situation that these white sisters -were. We have brought them to you to prove to you that we are the -friends of the Americans.”[34] - -[34] Report of Col. Gratiot in U. S. files. - -After listening to White Crow, Col. Dodge informed him that he would -hold as hostages for the good conduct of the Winnebago Indians, their -chiefs Spotted Arm, Whirling Thunder and Little Priest, to which the -wiley chief made little objection, as he was trying to obtain as much -goods as possible in final settlement of the reward, which was paid -mostly in trinkets, blankets and horses. - -Having been well fed and supplied with shawls and blankets of brilliant -colors, childlike, the Indians were now anxious to go home. - -White Crow, with a showing of much regret, bade good-bye to Sylvia -and Rachel Hall. He went over the incidents of their rescue, and, to -prove his friendship for the girls, offered to give each of them a Sac -squaw as a servant for life. The girls thanked him, but said that they -did not want any human being to be taken away from her people as they -had been from theirs. The girls then bade adieu to all the Indians, -towards whom their hearts had changed, and for whom they now felt -considerable friendship. The eloquence of White Crow made an impression -on the young women, as he spoke in a sympathetic tone unexpected kind -words that touched their hearts. - -After resting at Morrison’s during the afternoon and night, early the -next morning the soldiers with their Indian hostages and the girls, -proceeded along the Galena road to Fort Defiance, which was located -five miles southeast of Mineral Point. Here again the girls were well -cared for by the wives of the officers, and the most sumptuous meal -that could be prepared was set before them, and their short stay made -as pleasant as possible.[35] - -[35] X. Wis. Hist., Col., 340. - -After dinner, with the convoy of soldiers and the Indian hostages, -the girls again moved on to Gratiot’s Grove, about a mile south of -Shullsburg, and fourteen miles northeast of Galena. At this place there -was a village of twenty families, with a hotel and a garrison of United -States soldiers.[36] The leading lady of the place was Capt. Gratiot’s -wife, a French woman of excellent education, whose mother had been -lady-in-waiting to Queen Marie Antoinette. Mrs. Gratiot, who was noted -for her hospitality, took charge of the girls and entertained them -lavishly at her home.[37] - -[36] X. Wis. Hist. Col., 256. - -[37] X. Wis. Hist. Col., 186, 246. - -Gratiot’s Grove, which became renowned as the most beautiful spot in -the northwest, is described by Mrs. Gratiot as follows: “Never in my -wanderings had I beheld a prettier place; the beautiful rolling hills -extending to Blue Mounds, a distance of thirty miles, the magnificent -grove, as yet untouched by the falling axe, formed the graceful frame -for the lovely landscape.”[38] Theodore Rudolph, a Swiss traveler who -was at Gratiot’s Grove in the spring of 1832, describing the place -says: “The vast prairie, as far as the eye could reach, was clothed -with a carpet of richest green, interspersed with gorgeous wild -flowers, of brilliant hues of red, blue, and yellow, in fact every -color of the rainbow--reminding one of the garden of Eden, as our -youthful fancies never failed to paint it for us.”[39] - -[38] X. Wis. Hist. Col., 286. - -[39] XV. Wis. Hist. Col., 345. - - - - -CHAPTER XII. - -HOMEWARD BOUND. - - “Oh! sweet is the longed-for haven of rest! - And dear are the loved ones we oft have caressed! - And fair are the home scenes that gladden the view-- - The far-wooded hills stretching up to the blue, - The lake’s limpid splendor, the circling shore, - The fell and the forest, the mead and the moor, - Are clustered with mem’ries and, though we may roam, - Their charm ever guides us and whispers of home!” - - --Anna C. Scanlan. - - -The thought of returning to their home filled the girls’ hearts with -such joy as was possible under their circumstances. When they arose on -the morning of their departure from Gratiot’s Grove, everything was -inspiring. Never before had the birds sung more sweetly nor had the -flowers looked more beautiful. The whole village was astir early, and -probably there was not one of the inhabitants who failed to appear to -bid the girls good-bye. - -Capt. Gratiot’s wife made the girls some nice presents and had so -endeared herself to them that although they had known her but a very -short time, they left her with tears, and in tears. - -Finally, all being ready, with a convoy of soldiers the girls continued -their journey to White Oak Springs (10 miles northeast of Galena), -near which they formerly lived and where they had many friends. It was -then a mining village of considerable size, but not so charming as -Gratiot’s Grove. There was a fort with soldiers at the place, and all -was in readiness to receive the girls. As some of their relatives lived -near the place, going there seemed to them like going home. - -One of the first surprises that the girls had, was to meet their -brother John who they thought had been murdered at Indian Creek. He had -been mustered into the militia and was stationed at Galena, but was -granted indefinite absence to go to meet his sisters and accompany them -home. - -At White Oak Springs they received a letter from their former pastor, -Rev. R. Horn, who had a mission on the Illinois River where Robert -Scott, an uncle of the girls, lived. The letter was full of kindness -and invited the girls to come to the Horn residence and make it their -home. From that time on, all arrangements were made to that end. - -On the night of June sixteenth, great excitement was caused by a -messenger riding into the town and announcing that the battle of the -Peckatonica (18 miles northeast) had been fought, that all the Indians -that participated in it had been killed, and that many of the whites -had fallen. The shocking particulars, which were loathing to the girls, -were told and retold. They had seen human blood spilled and they knew -what such a sight meant, so it simply renewed their horror. - -The girls remained at White Oak Springs two weeks, during which their -lady friends made considerable clothing for them so that they had a -well-supplied wardrobe, considering the time and the border country. -The men were not backward in the good work and presents of goods were -given by the store-keepers and a small purse raised to help to smooth -their way. - -Also, old acquaintances were renewed and new friendships were formed -from which it was hard to break away when it came time to leave. From -gruff old miners up to the army officer in his shoulder-straps, the -village folk gathered around the young ladies to wish them God-speed. - -The girls shook hands with everybody and thanked them, individually and -collectively, for their great kindness. In the last written statement -signed by Rachel Hall Munson and Sylvia Hall Horn, they say: “We are -very sorry we cannot recollect the names of those kind friends, that -they might appear upon record as a testimony of their kindness to us -in our destitute condition. May the blessings of our Father in heaven, -rest upon them all!” - -From White Oak Springs the girls went on to Galena, where they stopped -with an old acquaintance named Bell and were supplied with rations by -the United States’ army officers who considered the girls their guests. - -They had not been there many days before the steamboat “Winnebago” -called for a load of lead to take to St. Louis. The girls with their -brother John and their uncle Edward Hall took passage down the -Mississippi to St. Louis where they arrived June 30, and were received -by Gov. Clark who took them to his home and entertained them as his -guests.[40] - -[40] Letter of Governor Clark to Secretary of War, June 30, 1832; “Life -of A. S. Johnston,” Johnston, 23. - -Unfortunately, at that time the cholera was in the city and meetings -of people, public demonstrations, and entertainments, were restricted. -While the girls did not feel like attending entertainments or going in -society, the people of St. Louis were anxious to entertain them. - -A purse of $470.00 was collected, and, at the request of the girls, -was put into the hands of Mr. Horn for investment. Other small sums of -money were given to the girls to pay their incidental expenses, and -articles for their comfort were presented to them. - -The girls were anxious to go home, and in company with their brother -John and Uncle Edward they boarded the steamer “Carolina” for -Beardstown, Ill., from where they were taken to the home of their uncle -Robert Scott, close to Mr. Horn’s. Here they remained until Fall, when -they went to the home of their brother John who had recently married -and settled on a homestead in Bureau County, about twenty miles west of -the Davis Settlement. - - - - -CHAPTER XIII. - -ROMANCE AND HISTORY. - - -At a little country store down in Indiana where the settlers usually -gathered to read the weekly newspaper, William Munson, a young man -who was born in New York, first heard of the Hall girls and their -wonderful adventure. He was in the west seeking his fortune, and, being -an admirer of the brave and full of youthful fire, he remarked to the -people that he would some day marry one of those girls. His nearest -friends did not take him seriously, and the matter as a passing joke -was soon forgotten. However, with him it became a fixed idea, and in -the spring of 1833 he went to Illinois and took up a land claim in the -neighborhood where John W. Hall lived. - -Every good woman is not satisfied until she has a home of her own. This -natural longing was particularly strong in the minds of the Hall girls, -whose home had been destroyed. - -[Illustration: WILLIAM MUNSON.] - -There is no record of how William Munson first met Rachel Hall, but -our information shows that their courtship was short; for in March, -1833, they were united in marriage, and shortly afterwards they settled -down on the land claim entered by her father, about a mile and a half -east of the scene of the massacre. They were thrifty and got along -splendidly, becoming one of the foremost families of La Salle County. -Besides the rich abundance of worldly goods, they were blessed with -a large family of whom four died in their infancy. As there was no -cemetery, the little ones were buried in the garden. Of the other -children who grew up to manhood and womanhood, several became very -prominent and their generations became numerous. Their four daughters -were married as follows: Irena, to Dr. George Vance, who moved to -California; A. Miranda, to Samuel Dunavan, who settled on a farm just -north of the Munson homestead, where she still lives; Fidelia, to -George Shaver, and Phoebe M., to John F. Reed, of Ottawa. Mr. Reed’s -daughter Fannie was married to James H. Eckles who was Comptroller -of the Currency under Cleveland; and Mr. Reed’s daughter Winnie is -married to Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis, of Chicago. Mrs. Munson -left three sons: William, Louis and Elliot, and through them several -grand-children. - -[Illustration: MRS. RACHEL HALL MUNSON, AGED 42, AND YOUNGEST SON -ELLIOT.] - -Edward Vance, a grand-son of Mrs. Munson, is a well-known lawyer in -South Dakota, and Douglas Dunavan is a prominent lawyer at Ottawa, -Illinois. We shall not attempt to give sketches of the various -descendants of Mrs. Munson, as it would expand too much the limits of -this volume. - -The shock of the massacre and subsequent captivity impaired the -splendid constitution of Mrs. Munson, who thereafter suffered from -nervousness; but through the earlier part of her life, she manifested -unusual vigor. As Mrs. Munson passed middle life she failed rapidly, -and on May 1, 1870, she closed her earthly career and was laid to rest -in the garden beside her infant children who had gone before her, and -when Mr. Munson died he was interred beside his faithful wife. Their -graves are about one and one-half miles east of Shabona Park, on the -original Hall homestead. - -[Illustration: BURIAL PLACE OF RACHEL AND HUSBAND.] - -Incidentally, we noted the fact that for a short spell the Hall girls -made their home at the residence of Rev. Robert Horn. He had a young -son, William S., who was studying for the ministry, and as both -belonged to the same church (Methodist) and were born in Kentucky, -we cannot say that the unexpected happened. He was one year younger -than Sylvia. The love story of these young people would gratify any -novel writer. When Sylvia left with her sister to make her home with -her brother John, she and Mr. Horn looked upon each other with great -affection. The marriage of Rachel emphasized the yearnings of Sylvia -for her own home, and May 5, 1833, she was married to Mr. Horn and -settled in Cass County, Illinois. There were born to Mr. and Mrs. Horn, -eleven children. Mr. Horn’s vocation called him from one place to -another. Having served in the ministry in Illinois, he first went to -Missouri, thence to Peru, Nebraska, next to a parish near Lincoln, and -finally settled down at Auburn, Nemaha County, Nebraska, where he died -May 8, 1888, leaving him surviving, his widow, Mrs. Sylvia Hall Horn, -and several children and grand-children. - -Mr. Horn became an elder of the M. E. Episcopal church, and held -several high church offices. Elder Horn was noted for his intense -religious zeal, and, figuratively speaking, he died in the harness of -exhaustion and old age. He was buried in Mt. Vernon Cemetery, Peru, -Nebraska. - -After the death of Elder Horn, Mrs. Sylvia Hall Horn made her home with -her son, Thomas S. Horn, in Auburn, Nebraska, where she died January -11, 1899, aged 85 years, 10 months and 16 days. Mrs. Horn was buried -beside her husband with whom she had happily lived for 55 years. She -left surviving her a host of descendants. - -[Illustration: MRS SYLVIA HALL HORN AND ELDER HORN.] - -In the fall of 1867, John W. Hall, Mrs. Munson, and her husband, made -a visit to Elder Horn’s, Auburn, Nebraska, during which Mr. Hall and -his sisters narrated the incidents of the massacre and captivity, which -were reduced to writing by the Elder and published. The manuscripts -are now in the custody of Mrs. Eckels of Chicago. In his statement Mr. -Hall says: “After thirty-five years of toil have passed over my head -since the memorable occasion, my memory is in some things rather dim.” -Mrs. Munson and Mrs. Horn close their recital as follows: “Thus we have -given the circumstances of our captivity and the rescue as nearly as we -can recollect at this date, September 7, 1867.” The former published -statements of the ladies substantially agree with this last one. All -their statements and public interviews have been freely used and -completely worked into this narrative.[41] - -[41] 3 Smith’s “History of Wisconsin” (1854), 187; “The Black Hawk War” -(Stevens), 150. - -In 1833 the state of Illinois donated to Mrs. Munson and Mrs. Horn, -160 acres of land that the United States had given to the state towards -the construction of the canal between Chicago and Ottawa. At that time -the land was not valuable, and netted but a small sum to the ladies. -Now that land is within the city of Joliet and is worth considerable -money. - -[Illustration: THREE GENERATIONS OF RACHEL. - -1, Mrs. Dunavan (daughter); 3, Mrs. Hum, 4, Mrs. Watts and 8, Mrs. -Rogers (grand-daughters); 5, Howard and 6, Gladys Hum and 7, Baby Watts -(great-grandchildren); 2, Samuel Dunavan (son-in-law).] - -It has been asserted--and published in books, that Congress voted gifts -of money to the girls; but in answer to an inquiry made at the United -States Treasury, the author was informed that no such appropriation -has ever been made, and Mrs. Dunavan says that she never knew of her -mother’s receiving any money from the government. - -In 1877 Mr. Munson erected a very handsome monument on the spot where -his wife’s parents and the others who died with them were buried. It is -a graceful shaft. - -In 1905, through the efforts of friends of the persons who were -massacred at Indian Creek on May 21st, 1832, the Illinois legislature -appropriated the sum of five thousand dollars to place a monument at -the grave where the victims were buried.[42] On August 29, 1906, the -new monument was dedicated with much ceremony, music and orations. -Among the speakers were the venerable Hon. John W. Henderson and -his brother, Gen. T. J. Henderson, who were boys at the time that -the massacre occurred, the former being one of the persons who were -planting corn south of the Davis cottage on that day, and who with John -W. Hall escaped to Ottawa. - -[42] Laws of Illinois, 1905, p. 42. - -A full account of the dedication will be found in the newspapers and in -the records of the Illinois Historical Society.[43] - -[43] “Ottawa Journal,” August 30, 1906; “Bureau County Republican,” -August 30, 1906; XII., “Transactions of the Illinois State Historical -Society,” p. 339. - - - - -CHAPTER XIV. - -SHABONA[44]. - - -[44] This chief’s name is spelled in many different ways, to-wit: -“Sha-bom-ri,” in Smith’s History of Wisconsin; “Shah-bee-nay,” by Mrs. -Kinzie in Wau-Bun; “Shaubena,” by Matson; “Shau-be-nee,” by Kingston; -“Chab-on-eh,” “Shab-eh-ney,” “Shabonee,” and “Shaubena,” in the -Appleton’s Encyclopedia of American Biographies, and on his tombstone -his name is spelled “Shabona”. In Illinois, places named after him are -spelled Shabbona and Shabonier, the latter being the French spelling. -As Mr. Smith, Mrs. Kinzie, Mr. Matson, and Mr. Kingston, knew Shabona -well, the weight of evidence seems to be in favor of spelling his name -Shaubena, which is in accordance with the spelling of Indian words. -The second _b_ is not heard in the usual pronounciation of “Shabbona” -(Shab‘-eh-ney), and it causes strangers to mispronounce the name. Even -the word “Sac”, is usually pronounced Sauk, and is generally spelled -Sauk. Very many Indian names have the diphthong _au_ as shown by names -of rivers and places. Consequently, it would seem that the first -syllable should be spelled S-h-a-u-b. - -The story of the Hall girls’ adventures would not be properly finished -without some further mention of Chief Shabona. Probably no other Indian -in the West knew more white people, individually, than he knew; also, -he was known at sight to more white people than was any other chief -of his time. His name was so familiar among the whites, that its mere -mention was a safe passport to any home of the settlers. Shabona -was well aware of that fact and he always introduced himself as “Mr. -Shabona.” - -Baldwin says that Shabona was born in Canada; but Matson asserts -that he was born on the Kankakee in Will County, Illinois; and the -“Handbook of American Indians” gives Maumee River, Illinois, as his -birthplace. This contention of many countries as the place of Shabona’s -birth, proves the greatness of the man. Argos, Rhodes, Smyrna, Chios, -Colophon, and several other cities, claim to be the birthplace of -Homer; and Scotland, England, Wales, and Brittany, of St. Patrick. -Authors agree that Shabona was born in 1775 and dwelt at Shabona’s -Grove for fifty years. He was a grand-nephew of Pontiac and his father -who was an Ottawa chief, fought under Pontiac. Shabona was six feet -tall, erect, and weighed over two hundred pounds. - -During the wars of 1812, 1827 and 1832, Shabona rendered great services -to the white people by saving the lives of many of them who were taken -captives by the Indians, and by protecting the home of John Kinzie and -his friends during the Chicago massacre. However, with his tribe he -joined in the border war against the whites and fought beside Tecumseh -when he fell at the battle of the Thames. That was the last time that -Shabona raised a hand against the white people. - -When Col. Richard M. Johnson, who commanded the American army at the -Thames became vice-president of the United States, Shabona made a visit -to him at Washington. The vice-president gave Shabona a heavy gold -ring, which he wore until his death and at his request it was buried -with him. - -On account of Shabona’s great services to the white people, the state -of Illinois gave him two and one-half sections of land at the site -of his Paw-Paw Village. In 1837 the last of Shabona’s tribe having -been moved to a Kansas reservation, he followed them with his family -consisting of twenty-seven persons, including his son Pypagee and -nephew Pyps who were soon thereafter slain by the Sacs for the parts -that they played in notifying the whites to flee to Ottawa, before -the massacre at Indian Creek. Shabona was warned that the Sacs were -scheming to assassinate him, because of his efforts to save the whites, -and in 1855 he returned to Illinois. - -Before Shabona left Illinois for Kansas, he placed his lands in the -hands of an agent named Norton to collect the rents, pay the taxes -and to look after them generally. Unconscionable settlers squatted on -Shabona’s lands and filed in the government land office, affidavits -that Shabona had abandoned the lands, and on that proof and some -technicalities the lands were again sold as public lands, and on -Shabona’s return he found his domain in the possession of the squatters -who claimed to be the owners. Shabona could not help feeling that he -had been cheated by the whites, after all he had done for them, and the -old man sat on a log near where his village had formerly stood and wept -bitterly. - - “And man, whose heaven-erected face - The smiles of love adorn, - Man’s inhumanity to man - Makes countless thousands mourn!” - -Shortly after his return, as Shabona was cutting a few poles to erect a -tent on the margin of the grove that bore his name, a settler attacked -him and forcibly drove him off the land, and shamefully abused the -old man. Then for some time homeless, he wandered about from place to -place, the few remaining whites whom he had befriended, always giving -him a warm welcome. The old warrior’s plight aroused the dormant -gratitude of a few whites who raised a fund with which they bought for -him at Seneca, on Mazon Creek, near the Illinois River, twenty acres -of land which they cultivated and erected a dwelling-house thereon. -Because of his natural desire to live out-doors, Shabona lived in a -tent nearby and used the cottage for storage purposes. Through the -efforts of his friends, the government granted him a pension of two -hundred dollars a year, on which he subsisted until he died in 1859, at -the age of eighty-four years, and was buried in Evergreen Cemetery, at -Morris, Illinois.[45] - -[45] 7, Wis. Hist. Col., 415-421; History of La Salle County, Baldwin, -110. - -When Shabona was dying, he said: “I want no monument erected to my -memory; my life has been mark enough for me.” However, his friends -erected at his grave a granite boulder five feet long by three -feet high, which bears only this simple inscription: “Shabona, -1775-1859.”[46] - -[46] “Evergreen Cemetery” (printed pamphlet), p. 4. - -The state of Illinois purchased a part of the Davis’ homestead, -including the place of the massacre and mill-dam, and named it -“Shabbona Park.” - - - - -CHAPTER XV. - -CO-MEE AND TO-QUA-MEE. - - -Some of our readers may ask, Was anyone prosecuted for the massacre -at Indian Creek? Oh, yes! Co-mee and To-qua-mee who had tried to buy -Rachel and Sylvia Hall from their father, as related in Chapter III., -were, in the spring of 1833, at Ottawa, Illinois, indicted by a grand -jury, and a warrant issued and placed in the hands of Sheriff George -E. Walker who had been an Indian trader and spoke the Pottawatomie -language, to make the arrests. The Indians had gone to Iowa with Black -Hawk and had become members of his tribe. - -Alone, Sheriff Walker went to the Sac reservation and placed the -Indians under arrest. The two Indians made no resistance, but -unshackled accompanied the sheriff to Ottawa. They were allowed to go -on a bond signed by themselves, Shabona, and several other Indians, -upon their promises upon their honor to return for trial. - -When the time for the trial arrived the Indians were on hand, although -they had told their friends that they expected to be executed. Many -of the friends of the people who had been massacred, armed and -threatening to shoot the prisoners, if they should be liberated, -attended the trial. There was no jail in Ottawa at the time, so the -trial was held under a great tree on the bank of the Illinois. All -through the trial the sheriff with a posse of armed men, guarded the -Indians. - -Mrs. Munson and Mrs. Horn, the principal witnesses, could not -positively identify either of the Indians, and as the Indians had -voluntarily stood their trial when they might have escaped, the jury -acquitted them. When the trial was over the Indians’ friends gave them -a banquet at Buffalo Rock (six miles down the Illinois), to which the -sheriff and several other prominent men of the time were invited. A -fat deer and choice game were parts of the menu, and a great red-white -pow-wow was a part of the celebration. - -It is said that subsequently when To-qua-mee and Co-mee were drinking -with their friends, they admitted that they were present at the -massacre, and that they took part in it only because they were angered -at Davis for building the dam across Indian Creek. Also, they stated -that it was through their influence that the lives of the Hall girls -were spared, which was an express condition upon which they insisted -before they would take part in the massacre. However, Black Hawk in his -autobiography states that it was the Sac Indians who saved the lives of -the girls; and White Crow in his speech at Morrison’s, said that the -Sacs intended to kill the girls and that the Winnebagoes saved their -lives.[47] - -[47] XI. Transactions of Illinois Historical Society, 1906, p. 313; -Memories of Shabona, 165-168; Black Hawk’s Autobiography, 111; Ante, p. -83. - - - - -INDEX - - - A. - - Adoption of Captives by chiefs, 61 - - Agriculture and civilization, 25 - - Atkinson, Gen. at Ottawa, 51 - letter to Col. Gratiot, 56 - offers reward, 54 - - Auburn, where Elder Horn died, 100 - - - B. - - Battle of “Stillman’s Run”, 20 - The Pecatonica, 92 - - Beloit, Turtle village, 55 - - Beouchard, Lieut. Edward, 55 - meeting captives, 79 - - Big Fox, camp near, 63 - - Black Earth Creek, camp on, 76 - - Black Hawk War, 17 - - Black Hawk, born at Rock Island, 18 - council of, 18 - fought with English, 1812, 18 - grief of, 19 - love of country, 18 - ordered to move to Iowa, 18 - return to Illinois, 18 - speech of, 18 - second council of, 20 - - Black Hawk’s Grove, arrival at, 45 - - Black Hawk “Lookout”, camp near, 75 - - Black Hawk, picture of as a warrior, 17 - picture of as civilian, 21 - - Black Hawk’s village, 26 - - Blacksmith, important settler, 25 - - Blockhouses, building of, 54 - - Brigham, Ebenezer, Indian feast, 82 - - Buckwheat as first crop, 25 - - Buffalo, herds of, 12 - - “Burnt City”, near Ft. Atkinson, Wis., 61 - - - C. - - Camp on Wisconsin river, 74 - Black Hawk’s Grove, 45, 59 - Black Hawk’s “Lookout”, camp near, 75 - Cold Spring, 61 - Horicon Lake, 63 - Portage, camp near, 70 - - Canada, Indian voyages to, 26 - - Canoes, where girls entered, 68 - - Captives, Indians kill when attacked, 71 - - Captivity of Hall girls, 38 - - “Carolina”, St. Louis to Beardstown, 94 - - Chickens, prairie, 12 - - Chippewas, Indians, 16 - - Cholera at St. Louis, 93 - - Civilization, marriage and agriculture, 25 - - Clark, Gov., of Missouri, 93 - - Clothes, Indians furnish Hall girls, 62 - - Cold Spring, camping at, 61 - - Comb, Rachel’s thrown away, 62 - - Co-mee, tried to buy wife, 23 - arrest of for murder, 111 - acquittal, 112 - alleged confession of murder, 113 - - Country, description of, 9 - - - D. - - Dam across Indian Creek, 29 - Indians object to, 29 - Indian tears outlet through, 29 - - Dancing of Indians, 41, 59, 64 - - Davis City, dream of, 28 - - Davis, Jefferson, 9 - - Davis Settlement, 23 - - Davis, Alex., escape of, 32 - - Davis, William, sketch of, 25 - children of murdered, 35 - murdered by Indians, 35 - powerful and brave, 28 - whipped Indian with stick, 29 - - Davis, Wm., Jr., escape of, 35 - - Dedication of State Monument, 105 - - Deer, herds of, 12 - - Description of country, 9 - - Dixon, center of trails, 13 - - Dodge, Col., raises troops, 54 - address to Indians, 85 - command at Blue Mounds, 81 - takes hostages, 87 - - Drunkenness in Militia, 52 - - “Dry Year”, the, 31 - - Dunavan, Mrs. A. Miranda, 6, 97, 103 - information given by, 6 - - Dunavan, Samuel, married Miss Munson, 97 - picture of, 103 - - - E. - - Eckles, Hon. James II., U. S. Treasurer, 98 - - Eckles, Winnie, married to Judge Landis, 98 - - English government pensioned Sacs, 26 - - Evidence, best, 6 - - - F. - - Family history, Munson, 6, 95 - - Family history, Horn, 6, 100 - - Fire, a prairie, 11 - - Flag of Truce, 20, 79 - - Flowers, many beautiful, 12, 27 - great growth of, 31 - - Forests, trees of, 10 - - Fort Defiance, rest at, 78 - - Fort Winnebago, Portage, 78 - - Fox Indians, 13 - - Fox river, description of, 9 - - - G. - - Galena, meeting of people, 54 - - Game, abundance of, 12 - - Geology of country, 10 - - George, Henry, at work on dam, 32 - shot by Indians, 36 - - Gratiot, Capt. Bion, and Indians, 81 - wife of, cultured, 89, 90 - - Gratiot, Col. Henry, Indians’ friend, 55 - address to Indians, 84 - - Gratiot’s Grove, description of, 89 - - - H. - - Hair, ceremony of clipping, 68, 70 - cutting locks from captives, 68 - scalp, double meaning of, 70 - - Hall girls, as captives, 41-47, 59-65 - adopted by chiefs, 61 - and neighbors’ horses, 39 - at Black Earth Creek, 76, 77 - at Black Hawk’s Grove, 45 - at Blue Mounds, 79-83 - at Cold Spring, 61 - at Fort Defiance, 88 - at Galena, 93 - at Gratiot’s Grove, 88-90 - at Horicon, Lake, 66-67 - at Kishwaukee river, 42-44 - at Morrison’s, 84-88 - at Portage, 70 - at St. Louis, 93 - at White Oak Springs, 90-92 - description of, 7, 8 - dresses given by squaws, 62 - food of captives, 43, 46, 62, 72, 76, 78 - guests of Gov. Clark, 93 - Indians wanted as wives, 23 - kept apart in traveling, 61 - letter from Rev. Horn, 91 - painted by squaws, 60 - popular appellation of, 6 - prayers of, 39 - presents to, 92, 102, 104 - purse collected for, 94 - Rachel exhausted, 42, 98 - religious offerings, 46 - sleeping between squaws, 46 - tiresome traveling, 42, 70, 78 - weeping of, 39, 90 - wept parting squaws, 79 - - Hall, Edward, in militia, 79 - - Hall, Elizabeth, killed by Indians, 23, 35 - - Hall, Greenbury, escape of, 32, 36 - - Hall, John W., escape of, 35, 36 - buries massacred whites, 49 - meets sisters, 91 - recruits squadron, 48 - searches for sisters, 49, 50 - statement of, 102 - visits sisters in Nebraska, 102 - - Hall, Reason, in Militia, 79 - - Hall, Rachel, one of the “Hall girls”, ages of, 23, 98 - death of, 98 - exhausted, 42, 98 - family of, 96, 98 - marriage of, 95 - picture of, 97 - state land gift, 102 - tomb of, 99 - wading Kishwaukee, 42 - - Hall, Sylvia, one of the “Hall girls”, ages of, 23, 100 - death of, 100 - fainted at sight of scalp, 43 - family of, 100 - marriage of, 100 - pictures of, 24, 101 - state land gift to, 102 - - Hall, William, sketch of, 23 - family of, 23 - hospitality, noted, 24 - shot by Indians, 35 - - Hall, Mrs. Wm., massacred, 34-35 - - Harney, Gen., U. S. officer, 51 - - Harrison, president, 9 - - Hearts, human on spears, 60 - - Henderson, Hon. John W., escape of, 32, 35 - memorial oration of, 105 - - Henderson, John H., settler, 25 - - Henderson, Gen. T. J., oration, 105 - - Home, longing for, 99, 101 - - Horicon Lake, 63 - - Horn, Mr. C. L., grandson of Elder, 6 - - Horn, Miss Sylvia E., grandchild of Elder, 6 - - Horn, Thomas S., son of Elder, 100 - - Horn, Elder W. S., sketch of, 99, 101 - marries Sylvia Hall, 100 - picture of, 101 - - Horses stolen from settlers, 39 - - Howard, Allen, escape of, 32, 35 - - - I. - - Illinois river, 4, 13 - - Indian troubles, 13 - bands attack settlers, 21 - land claims, 13 - marriage custom, 23 - scare, 31 - whipped by Davis, 29 - - Indians: Foxes, Sacs, etc., 13 - attack Davis cottage, 33 - attempt to get girls, 69 - carry away Hall girls, 39 - conspiracy suspected, 81 - parting from Hall girls, 88 - refusal to ratify treaty, 16 - taken to Morrison’s, 84 - trial of for murder, 112 - wrongs of, 16 - - - J. - - Jackson, President Andrew, 9 - - Jerome, Judge Edwin, guest of Halls, 24 - - Johnson, Gen. Albert Sydney, 9 - - Johnson, Col. R. M., and Shabona, 108 - - - K. - - Kaskaskia, mission and capital, 9 - - Kishwaukee river, 10 - - Kishwaukee Trail, 13 - - - L. - - La Fayette, Gen., at Kaskaskia, 9 - - Land, Indian claims to, 13 - donated to Hall girls, 104 - - Landis, Judge K. M., married Winnie Eckles, 98 - - Lands, treaty as to, 13 - - Lincoln, Capt. Abraham, 44 - anecdote of, 53 - President, at Kaskaskia, 9 - - Little Priest, Indian chief, 61 - as hostage, 87 - - - M. - - Maple sugar, abundance, 62, 64 - - Marquette, Father, 9 - - Marriage and civilization, 25 - Indian wife purchase, 23 - - Massacre, the Indian Creek, 31 - - Medary, George, Hotel of, 84 - - Michigan, excitement in, 54 - - Mill, necessity in settlement, 25 - - Miller, important settler, 25 - - Military movements, 51 - - Military Road, course of, 67, 78 - - Militia, drunk, 52 - - Monument erected by Munson, 4, 103, 104 - - Monument erected by state, 104 - - Monuments on site of massacre, 4, 103 - - Munson, Rachel, three generations of, 103 - burial place of, 98 - given land, 103 - - Munson, William, sketch of, 95 - family of, 96, 97, 98 - picture of, 96 - - - N. - - Neighbors, helping each other, 25 - - Norris, Robert, at work on dam, 33 - shot by Indians, 36 - - - O. - - Oconomowoc river, 10 - lakes around, 63 - - Ox-teams for breaking prairie, 25 - - - P. - - Paw Paw, Shabona’s village, 108 - - Pecatonica, battle of, 92 - - Pensions from England, 26 - - Peru, home of Elder Horn, 100 - - Pettigrew, Wm., sketch of, 24 - baby killed by Indian, 34 - killed by Indians, 34 - Mrs., shot in cottage, 34 - - Picture of a prairie fire, 11 - Black Hawk as civilian, 21 - Black Hawk as warrior, 17 - Chief Shabona, 30 - Monuments, 4, 27, 99, 103 - Mrs. Dunavan, Mrs. Hum, Mrs. Watts, Howard Hum, Gladys Hum, Samuel - Dunavan, 103 - Mrs. Rachel Hall Munson and son Elliott, 97 - Mrs. W. S. Horn and the Elder, 101 - none of Misses Hall, 7 - Shabona Park, 37 - where girls entered canoes, 69 - William Munson, after middle life, 96 - Wisconsin river, 75 - tombs of Rachel and her husband, 99 - - Portage, where girls took canoes, 69 - - Pottawatomie Indians, 13, 16, 53 - - Prairie breaking, 25 - - Purse for Hall girls, 94 - - Pursuit of Indians, 44 - - Pypagee, Shabona’s son, friend of settlers, 22, 108 - - Pyps, Shabona’s nephew, friend of settlers, 22, 108 - - - Q. - - Quails, plentiful, 12 - - - R. - - Rabbits, abundant, 12 - - Rachel’s comb, taken by Indian, 62 - - Rachel ransomed, 67 - - Ransom from Sacs, 66 - - Ratification, refusal of Indians, 16 - - Red Bird war, 17 - - Red Flag promenade, 65 - - Reed, John, marries Phoebe Munson, 98 - - Reed, Fannie, married to Mr. Eckles, 98 - - Religion, Indian offering, 46 - - Religious ceremony, 65, 73 - - Reward offered, 54 - payment in goods, 89 - - Rivers, formation of, 10 - - Road, safest to Blue Mounds, 68 - - Rock river, 9 - rapids passed by captives, 63 - - Romance and history, 95 - - Royally welcomed, 79 - - - S. - - Sacs claim land, 16 - follow girls to Portage, 71 - danger expected, 77 - - Sauk Trail, 26 - - Scalp, double meaning of, 70 - - Scalping victims, 34 - - Scanlan, Miss Marian, contributor, 7 - - Scanlan, Miss Gertrude, contributor, 7 - - Scott, uncle of Hall girls, 91 - - Settlement, Davis, 23 - - Settlers attacked by Indians, 21 - rush to Ottawa, 31 - return to Davis settlement, 32 - - Shabona, sketch of, 106 - abuse of by squatters, 109 - cheated out of his lands, 109 - Col. Johnson’s gift ring to, 108 - grave of, 40 - home on Mazon creek, 110 - notifies whites, 22, 31 - Park, 27, 110 - Paw Paw Village of, 108 - picture of, 30 - removal to Kansas, 108 - second notice to settlers, 32 - tomb of, 110 - - Shaver, Delia, married to William Munson, Jr., 98 - - Shaver, George, married Fidelia Munson, 97 - - Sod corn, first crop, 25 - - Somonauk, passing headwaters, 40 - - Spotted Arm, chief, 57 - as hostage, 87 - - Springfield, state capital, 1837, 9 - - Starved Rock State Park, 9 - - Stillman, Major, defeat of, “Stillman’s Run”, 20 - - “Stillman’s Run”, rout at, 20, 48, 51, 52 - militia undisciplined, 20, 51 - pursuing Indians, 20, 51 - truce flag abused, 20 - - Stockades, building of, 54 - - Storms, rains, 31 - - St. Louis, girls ship for, 93 - - Sycamore river, 10 - - Sycamore at rising of moon, 41 - - Sylvia Hall, one of the “Hall girls”, 6 - first ransomed, 66 - - - T. - - Taylor Gen., report to Atkinson, 51 - - Tecumseh, Chief, 22 - - To-qua-mee, arrest for murder, 111 - acquitted of murder, 112 - alleged confession of murder, 113 - Indian marriage, 23 - - Torture, not women captives, 64 - - Traditions proved, 7 - - Treaty of 1804, 13 - Articles, 13-16 - - Turkeys on prairies, 12 - - Turnips, first crop, 25 - - Turtle Creek, 10 - - Turtle Village, 55 - - - V. - - Vance, Ed., lawyer in Dakota, 98 - - Vance, Dr. G., marries Irma Munson, 97 - - - W. - - Walker, Sheriff, fearless, 111 - - Waterway, Green Bay to Prairie du Chien, 13 - - Watts, Mrs., picture of, 103 - - Waubansee, friend of the whites, 30 - - Whirling Thunder, promises assistance, 57 - - White Crow, promises assistance, 57 - character and appearance, 66 - makes speech to girls, 87 - speech at Morrison’s, 57 - speaks English to captives, 74 - - White Oak Springs, description of, 91, 92 - - Whiteside with Harney, 51 - finds white scalps, 50 - - Winnebago Indians, 16 - - “Winnebago”, steamboat for St. Louis, 93 - - Wisconsin river scenery, 73 - - Woods, description, 26 - - -[Transcriber’s Note: - -Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation are as in the original.] - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Indian Creek Massacre and Captivity of -Hall Girls, by Charles M. 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