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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f3bfd91 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #50294 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/50294) diff --git a/old/50294-0.txt b/old/50294-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 93a8803..0000000 --- a/old/50294-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3255 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Indian Creek Massacre and Captivity of Hall -Girls, by Charles M. Scanlan - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Indian Creek Massacre and Captivity of Hall Girls - -Author: Charles M. Scanlan - -Release Date: October 23, 2015 [EBook #50294] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INDIAN CREEK MASSACRE, HALL GIRLS *** - - - - -Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - - -[Illustration: - - MUNSON MONUMENT. PLACE OF MASSACRE. STATE MONUMENT.] - - - - - INDIAN CREEK MASSACRE - and - CAPTIVITY OF HALL GIRLS - - COMPLETE HISTORY - of the - MASSACRE OF SIXTEEN WHITES - on - INDIAN CREEK, NEAR OTTAWA, ILL. - and - SYLVIA HALL AND RACHEL HALL - As Captives in Illinois and Wisconsin - during - THE BLACK HAWK WAR, 1832 - - BY - CHARLES M. SCANLAN - - Author of - “Scanlan’s Rules of Order,” “The Law of Church and Grave,” - “Law of Hotels” Etc. - - SECOND EDITION - - REIC PUBLISHING COMPANY - 421 Matthews Building - Milwaukee, Wis. - - COPYRIGHT, 1915. - BY - CHARLES M. SCANLAN - - - - -PREFACE. - - -No one is satisfied with an incomplete story. The very meagre and -inconsistent accounts of the adventures of Sylvia and Rachel Hall -(familiarly known as the “Hall girls”) heretofore published, merely -excited one’s curiosity to know the whole story. The ladies’ statements -that have been published, gave only an outline of the facts as far -as they knew them personally. To obtain all the facts, required -much investigation of books and a great deal of correspondence with -historical societies, editors of newspapers and the War and the -Interior Department of the United States. Also, the writer has had -personal interviews with relatives of the Misses Hall, and has traveled -over the ground and examined all the evidence that now appears from -the location of the little cottage on Indian Creek to Galena where the -girls took a boat for St. Louis. - -Mrs. A. Miranda Dunavan, a daughter of Mrs. Rachel Hall Munson (the -younger captive), gave me the family history of her mother; and Miss -Sylvia E. Horn of Lincoln, Nebraska, and Mr. C. L. Horn of Mackinaw, -Illinois. grand-children of Mrs. Sylvia Hall Horn (the elder captive), -contributed the history of the Horn family. Thus every fact in the -following pages is stated upon the best evidence. - -To gather all the traditions that still linger along the course over -which the Indians traveled with their captives, the writer enlisted the -services of his nieces, Miss Gertrude Scanlan of Fennimore, Wisconsin, -and Miss Marian Scanlan of Prairie du Chien, whose grandfathers -were pioneers in the lead regions. However, no fact has been stated -on tradition without the clues being verified by land records or -government documents. - -Of course every lady wants to know how the girls looked. Unfortunately, -there is no picture of either of them prior to middle life. Mrs. -Dunavan lent to me a very rare daguerreotype picture of her mother, -Mrs. Munson, taken at the age of about forty-two years, and a -photograph of her aunt, Mrs. Sylvia Hall Horn, taken when she was -over sixty years of age. Also, I borrowed from Mrs. Dunavan a tintype -picture of herself when she was sixteen, which is said to be a very -good likeness of her aunt Sylvia at the time that she was taken -captive. These pictures are reproduced herein. The tradition of the -neighborhood is that the girls were unusually handsome in both figure -and face and of captivating kind dispositions. They were born in -Kentucky and carried with them to Illinois the southern culture which -has won for the ladies of the South considerable fame in story and song. - - “She was bred in old Kentucky, - Where the meadow grass grows blue, - There’s the sunshine of the country, - In her face and manner too.”--Braisted. - - Milwaukee, Wis. - July 15, 1915. - - CHARLES M. SCANLAN. - - - - -CONTENTS - - - PAGE - - Preface, 3 - I. Description of the Country, 9 - II. Indian Davis Troubles, 13 - III. The Davis Settlement, 23 - IV. The Massacre, 31 - V. The Captivity, 38 - VI. To the Rescue, 48 - VII. Military Movements, 51 - VIII. Reward Offered, 54 - IX. The Captive Girls, 59 - X. Ransomed, 66 - XI. Royally Welcomed, 81 - XII. Homeward Bound, 90 - XIII. Romance and History, 95 - XIV. Shabona, 106 - XV. Comee and Toquamee, 111 - - - - -CHAPTER I. - -DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTRY. - - -In its natural condition, perhaps no more attractive country ever laid -before the eyes of man than that in which occurred the incidents of the -following narrative. On the south it is bordered by the Illinois river, -with its historical events beginning with the old Kaskaskia Mission -established by Father Marquette in 1673 amidst the most beautiful -scenery in the whole state of Illinois, which is now included in -Starved Rock State Park. - -What memories cluster around old Kaskaskia! As the first capital of -Illinois, it was visited by Gen. La Fayette and Presidents Jackson, -Lincoln, Taylor and Harrison; by Jefferson Davis, Gen. Albert Sidney -Johnson, and by nearly every other man who was prominent in United -States history prior to 1837, when Springfield became the state capital. - -On the east for more than one hundred miles the Fox river, with its -source in a beautiful lake near Waukesha, Wisconsin, flows south into -the Illinois at Ottawa. Westward the great prairie stretches off to and -beyond the Rock river which has eroded a narrow valley through that -otherwise flat plain. Besides Rock river the only important streams -that lay in the course of travel of the Hall girls as prisoners, were -the Sycamore (South Kishwaukee) and the Kishwaukee in Illinois, and -Turtle Creek, the Bark River and the Oconomowoc in Wisconsin. - -We are told by geologists that during the quaternary age of the world, -a great ice-berg, moving down from the north, crushed all the trees -and vegetation in its path, leveled most of the hills and filled most -of the valleys as far south as the Ohio River. When that body of ice -melted it formed lakes in the depressions which were not filled with -till. Drumlins, eskers and kames, here and there, remain to indicate -either the resistance of the prior formation or that quantities of -earth filled the uneven under surface of the ice at the time of its -dissolution. - -By the action of the atmosphere, rains and dew, as centuries rolled -on, vegetation sprang up all over that great plain, and springs to -supply the greatest necessity of living things, broke forth and flowed -in streams that united into rivers as they rolled on to the sea. Along -the streams were forests of trees--including many species of the oak, -ash, sycamore, elm, sugar maple, locust, hickory, walnut, butternut, -linden, cherry, buckeye, blackberry and many other familiar varieties. -Also, here and there stood groves that escaped the terrible prairie -fires that almost every year swept over that vast plain. - -[Illustration: A PRAIRIE FIRE--MC KENNEY.] - -Game of many kinds, from the monstrous buffalo and timid deer down -to the rabbit, the turkey, the prairie chicken, and the quail, was -abundant. - -Last, and by no means least, was the beautiful flora of that country -which was known as “The Paradise of the West.”[1] A traveler who saw -it in its natural condition, describes it as follows: “Above all -countries, this is the land of flowers. In the season, every prairie is -an immense flower garden. In the early stages of spring flowers, the -prevalent tint is peach bluish; the next is a deeper red; then succeeds -the yellow; and to the latest period of autumn the prairies exhibit a -brilliant golden, scarlet and blue carpet, mingled with the green and -brown ripened grass.”[2] - - “Sweet waves the sea of summer flowers - Around our wayside cot so coy, - Where Eileen sings away the hours - That light my task in Illinois.”--McGee. - -[1] 6 Wis. Hist. Col., 421; 10 Wis. Hist. Col., 246-7. - -[2] “Western Portraiture,” Colton, 221. - - - - -CHAPTER II. - -INDIAN TROUBLES. - - -When the first white man settled in Illinois, the Mascoutin Indians -occupied the lands between the Illinois River and the waterway formed -by the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers from Green Bay to Prairie du Chien. -Later the Sacs, the Foxes, and the Pottawatamies, occupied the -territory and had many villages. There were no national boundary lines. -A prominent route of travel was the Kishwaukee Trail from Watseca in -Eastern Illinois up the Kankakee to where it flows into the Illinois, -and thence in a northwesterly direction to the mouth of the Kishwaukee -on Rock River, about six miles below Rockford. Dixon was the great -center of trails. The principal one was from Kaskaskia by way of Dixon -to Galena, Illinois. Numerous other trails connected prominent points -and various Indian villages. - -In 1804 a treaty was made with the Sacs and Foxes at St. Louis, of -which the principal provision were as follows: - -“Article 1. The United States receive the united Sac and Fox tribes -into their friendship and protection and the said tribes agree to -consider themselves under the protection of the United States, and no -other power whatsoever. - -“Article 2. The General boundary line between the land of the United -States and the said Indian tribes shall be as follows, to-wit: -Beginning at a point on the Missouri River opposite to the mouth of the -Gasconde River; thence, in a direct course so as to strike the River -Jeffreon to the Mississippi; thence, up the Mississippi to the mouth -of the Ouisconsing [Wisconsin] River, and up the same to a point which -shall be 36 miles in a direct line from the mouth of the said river, -thence, by a direct line to the point where the Fox River (a branch of -the Illinois) leaves the small lake called Sakaegan; thence, down the -Fox River to the Illinois River, and down the same to the Mississippi. -And the said tribes, for and in consideration of the friendship and -protection of the United States, which is now extended to them, of -the goods (to the value of two thousand two hundred and thirty-four -dollars and fifty cents) which are now delivered, and of the annuity -hereinafter stipulated to be paid, do hereby cede and relinquish -forever, to the United States, all the lands included within the above -described boundary. - -“Article 3. In consideration of the cession and relinquishment of -land made in the preceding article, the United States will deliver to -the said tribes, at the town of St. Louis, or some other convenient -place on the Mississippi, yearly and every year, goods suited to the -circumstances of the Indians of the value of one thousand dollars (six -hundred of which are intended for the Sacs and four hundred for the -Foxes), reckoning that value at the first cost of the goods in the -City or place in the United States, where they shall be procured. And -if the said tribes shall hereafter at an annual delivery of the goods -aforesaid, desire that a part of their annuity should be furnished -in domestic animals, implements of husbandry, and other utensils, -convenient for them, or in compensation to useful artificers, who may -reside with or near them, and be employed for their benefit, the same -shall, at the subsequent annual delivery, be furnished accordingly. - -“Article 4. The United States will never interrupt the said tribes in -the possession of the lands, which they rightfully claim, but will, -on the contrary, protect them in the quiet enjoyment of the same -against their own citizens and against all other white persons, who may -intrude upon them. And the said tribes do hereby engage that they will -never sell their lands, or any part thereof, to any sovereign power -but the United States, nor to the citizens or subjects of any other -sovereign power, nor to the citizens of the United States. - - * * * * * - -“Article 7. As long as the lands which are now ceded to the United -States remain their [U. S.] property, the Indians belonging to the said -tribes shall enjoy the privileges of living and hunting upon them.”[3] - -[3] “Indian Affairs, Laws and Treaties”, 174. - -The Chippewas, the Winnebagos, and the Pottawatamies, made claim to -the same territory. Even the Foxes and Sacs claimed that the young -chiefs who signed the treaty, were made drunk, and while in that -condition agreed to the treaty.[4] Also, the Indians maintained that -the United States would not allow them to hunt upon the “wild” lands, -notwithstanding Art. 7 of the treaty and that the title thereto was -still in the government. Therefore, the Indians refused to ratify the -treaty, and the idea that they were grievously wronged became a fixed -notion in the minds of the old chiefs, which led to the Red Bird War -of 1827, and the still greater Black Hawk War in 1832.[5] - -[4] Black Hawk’s Autobiography, Le Claire, Ch. 3. 12 “The Republic”, -Irelan, 68. - -[5] 3 Smith’s “History of Wisconsin” (1854), 115 et seq.; “Waubun,” -Kinzie, 381. - -[Illustration: BLACK HAWK AS A WARRIOR.] - -Black Hawk had fought with the English in the War of 1812, and by -reason of the defeat of the English, including his own, he retained -his natural desire for revenge against the Americans. He was born at -Rock Island, and had as strong love for his native place as was ever -retained by any white man. When Illinois became a state in 1818, Black -Hawk with all his people was ordered to move across the Mississippi -into Iowa, which he reluctantly obeyed. However, he was never satisfied -with his new location, and in 1832 he again crossed the Mississippi -with four hundred warriors and all their squaws and children and -squatted on his former possessions at Rock Island. He was ordered back -to Iowa, but refused to go until he learned that troops were being sent -against him. With all his people he retired north along Rock River, -followed by the Illinois militia, and when he reached a point about -twenty-five miles south of Rockford, he halted and held a council -of war with chiefs of the Pottawatomies and Winnebagoes, where he -delivered the following speech: - -“I was born at the Sac Village, and here I spent my childhood, youth -and manhood. I liked to look on this place with its surroundings of -big rivers, shady groves and green prairies. Here are the graves of my -father and some of my children. Here I expected to live and die and lay -my bones beside those near and dear to me; but now in my old age I have -been driven from my home, and dare not look again upon this loved spot.” - -The old chief choked with grief and tears flowed down his cheeks. -Covering his face in his blanket, he remained silent for a few moments. -Then wiping away his tears, he continued: - -“Before many moons you, too, will be compelled to leave your homes. -The haunts of your youth, your villages, your corn fields, and your -hunting grounds, will be in the possession of the whites, and by them -the graves of your fathers will be plowed up, while your people will be -retreating towards the setting sun to find new homes beyond the Father -of Waters. We have been as brothers; we fought side by side in the -British war; we hunted together and slept under the same blanket; we -have met at councils and at religious feasts; our people are alike and -our interests are the same.”[6] - -[6] Memories of Shaubena, 98. - -On the 14th day of May, 1832, the militia under Major Stillman arrived -within eight miles of the camp of Black Hawk who sent three Indians -under a flag of truce to negotiate a treaty with the whites. The wily -chief also sent five other Indians to a point where they could watch -the unarmed braves carrying the white flag. Stillman’s men refusing to -recognize the white flag set upon the Indians, killed one and captured -the others, and then set off after the other five who held their guns -crosswise over their heads as a sign of friendship. The whites killed -two of the five and chased the others into Black Hawk’s camp. Then the -Indians set upon Stillman’s army, cut it to pieces, and chased the -scattered remnants for many miles. The place of that battle is known as -“Stillman’s Run.”[7] The disgrace of the entire affair has been a dark -blot upon the white man’s bravery and his manner of dealing with the -Indians. Up to this time the Indians had committed no crime nor act of -war against the whites.[8] - -[7] “Life of Albert Sidney Johnston,” Johnston, 35. - -[8] 12 Wis. Hist. Col., 230; “History of Indiana,” Esarey, 323; “The -Black Hawk War,” 129-144. - -[Illustration: BLACK HAWK AS A CIVILIAN.] - -Immediately after the engagement Black Hawk called another council of -his braves, at which it was determined to fight to the last and to -send out small bands of Indians to the various white settlements to -destroy them. Among the great warriors present at that council was the -celebrated Chief Shabona (Shab-eh-ney)[9] who fought beside Tecumseh -at his down-fall at the battle of the Thames. Shabona pleaded with the -Indian chiefs to give up the war and to return to Iowa, and when they -refused to do so, he, his son Pypagee, and his nephew Pyps, mounted -ponies and rode to the various white settlements and notified the -people of the danger of the Indians. The first horse with which Shabona -started, dropped dead under him; but he obtained another horse from a -farmer and rode day and night until he had warned the whites at all the -settlements. - - “Lo, the poor Indian! whose untutored mind - Sees God in the clouds, or hears Him in the wind.” - - --Pope. - -[9] 7 Wis. Hist. Col., 323, 415; “The Black Hawk War,” Stevens, 160. - - - - -CHAPTER III. - -THE DAVIS SETTLEMENT. - - -The father of our heroines, William Hall, who was born in Georgia, -migrated to Kentucky where he married Mary J. Wilburs, and in 1825 -emigrated to Mackinaw, about fifteen miles south of Peoria, Illinois, -where he opened a farm. Shortly afterwards he moved to the lead mines -near Galena where he staid three years, and then returned to Lamoille, -Bureau County, Illinois. In the spring of 1832 he sold out his mining -claim and settled upon a homestead about two miles east of the farm of -William Davis. Prior to that time his oldest daughter, Temperance, had -been married to Peter Cartwright, but the other members of his family, -consisting of his wife, three daughters--Sylvia, aged 19, Rachel, -aged 17, and Elizabeth, aged 8 years, and two boys, were living with -him. Some time prior to the massacre, two Indians named Co-mee and -To-qua-mee, who had been frequent visitors at the Hall home and treated -kindly by Mr. Hall’s daughters, endeavored, after the custom of the -Indians, to purchase Sylvia and Rachel from their father.[10] - -[10] “The Black Hawk War,” Stevens, 149. - -[Illustration: MRS. DUNAVAN, AGED 16, LIKENESS OF SYLVIA HALL.] - -The Halls were noted for their hospitality. Judge Edwin Jerome of -Detroit relates that he was the guest of the family one night in April -1832.[11] - -[11] 1 “Michigan Pioneers”, Jerome, 49. - -William Pettigrew, also from Kentucky, who had just migrated to the -Davis Settlement and had not yet established a home for himself, with -his wife and two children, was temporarily stopping at the home of Mr. -Davis at the time of the massacre. - -In 1830, John H. Henderson emigrated from Tennessee to Indian Creek -and settled on a homestead adjoining the land of Davis on the south. -Subsequently the Hendersons became prominent politicians, both in -Illinois and Iowa. - -In the spring of 1830, William Davis, a Kentuckian, and a blacksmith by -trade, settled on a land claim on Big Indian Creek, twelve miles north -of Ottawa, in the northern part of La Salle County, Illinois. He was -the first white settler at that place. - -Agriculture and marriage have always been the great necessities to -found permanent civilization. To establish a settlement in the great -west, at that time, a blacksmith shop and a mill were the next two -great necessities, and around those the early settlers broke up the -wild prairie and on the upturned sod sowed buckwheat, turnips and -sod-corn, which within three months produced their first food from the -soil for themselves and their stock. To “break” the tough prairie sod -required a sharp plowshare and colter, which had to be resharpened -frequently. Without the blacksmith the prairie could hardly be -cultivated. The big ox-teams of the neighbors, with which they had -moved into the country, pulled the plow. Next, with the crop produced, -the grist mill to grind the grain was a great necessity. The Indians -and some of the early settlers with hammers and stones pulverized corn -and wheat enough to supply their absolute wants from day to day, but -the whites, who had been accustomed to corn-meal and wheat-flour bread, -were not satisfied with the mashed product. Therefore, Davis, who -supplied both of those great necessities, was a prominent man in the -Davis Settlement. - -The mill-site was where the Sauk trail from Black Hawk’s Village at the -mouth of the Rock River crossed Big Indian Creek and continued thence -east to Canada, where the whole tribe of Sacs went every year to get -their annuities from the English Government.[12] Just above the ford -the creek meandered through a flat-bottomed gulch that was about two -hundred feet wide with precipitous banks about fifteen feet high. At -this point the stream flowed southeasterly and was fringed along its -course with woods that grew dense, and here and there expanded into -groves, but at other places there were openings where the prairie -fires annually destroyed the undergrowth and left standing only the -monarchs of the forest. The north bank of the gulch had an incline of -about forty-five degrees to the level of the prairie. On that bank in -a sparsely timbered opening from which the prairie stretched off to -the cardinal points of the compass, William Davis located his home and -erected his cabin. About that cabin there were trees that produced -fruit, fuel and lumber, among whose branches were singing birds of -great variety, including the Cardinal, the Dickcissel, the Carolina -Wren, the Thrush and the Robin. By May the bank was covered with a -carpet of thick, waving grass, diversified with ever-changing colored -flowers, until the cruel frost of Fall destroyed them. It was an -idyllic spot. No doubt Davis hoped that some day the Davis Settlement -would become Davis City, and that his generations would revel in -mansions that would replace the cottage on the bank of that new Jordan, -where he, like King David, in his old age might kneel among his people -to pray. - -[12] Blanchard’s History of Illinois, 122, and Historical Map. - -[Illustration: SHABONA PARK, SHOWING MILL POND AND STATE MONUMENT.] - -However, the hopes and aspirations of the Davis family were soon to be -blasted. Davis was a powerful man and his Kentucky blood fairly boiled -with resentment at any offense, particularly one given by an Indian, -upon whom he looked as an inferior. With his gun and bowie knife Davis -would fight a dozen Indians--aye, a score. It seemed as though he could -play with them in the air as an athlete plays with Indian clubs. - -About one hundred and fifty feet south of his cottage, Davis erected -a blacksmith shop and a mill. To obtain water power for his mill it -became necessary for Davis to put a dam across the stream. Six miles -farther up Indian Creek there was an Indian village, and as the fish -naturally went up the stream every spring, there was good fishing at -the village for the Indians. The dam prevented the fish from going up, -and the Indians protested against this invasion of their rights. Davis, -however, insisted on his rights to build and maintain the dam, and bad -feelings were engendered. - -One day in April, 1832, Davis discovered an Indian tearing an outlet in -the dam, and with a hickory stick he beat the Indian unmercifully.[13] -Had he killed the Indian it might have ended the affair; but to whip -an Indian with a stick as you would whip a dog, was an insult that -incurred the resentment of the whole Indian village, and instilled in -the Indian a rankling desire for revenge. The incident, however, was -settled by Chief Shabona with the assistance of another Indian chief -named Waubansee, who advised the Indians not to resort to forceful -reparation and to do their fishing below the dam. The Indians followed -Shabona’s advice for some time, but after a while Davis noticed that -they ceased to go below the dam to fish, and being quite familiar with -the Indian character, he took it as an intimation of their anger, and -he prepared for hostilities. - -[13] Black Hawk’s Autobiography, Le Claire, Ch. XII. - -[Illustration: CHIEF SHABONA.] - - - - -CHAPTER IV. - -THE MASSACRE. - - -The year 1831 was known to early settlers in Illinois as “The Dry -Year.” There was little rain and there were long spells of great heat, -so that vegetation was parched and the crop a failure. The season of -1832 was just the opposite.[14] During the first half of the month -of May there were numerous heavy thunder storms with intervals of -hot weather that made the grass and flowers grow very rapidly, but -delayed the farmers in their planting. Also, the several Indian scares -interrupted the settlers in their regular work in the fields. - -[14] “Historic Illinois,” Parish, 258. - -As already stated, immediately after the breaking up of the Indian -council after the defeat of Stillman, Shabona rode in post haste to -the Davis Settlement and warned the people of the danger of an Indian -massacre. The whites loaded on their wagons such articles as could be -readily handled, and drove to Ottawa, the nearest fort, where there was -a garrison of soldiers. - -The Indians did not make the expected raid, and slowly the settlers -returned to their homesteads. During this retreat some of the people -tantalized Davis for running away from the Indians, and his reply was -that he would never do so again. - -On Monday morning, May 21st, Shabona again rode to the Davis Settlement -and warned the whites that there was immediate danger of a massacre. At -this time it happened that Davis was at Ottawa on some business when -Shabona called. However, his family and the neighbors hastily loaded -their furniture and other movable articles on wagons, and hurriedly -drove off to Ottawa. They had almost reached the fort when they met -Davis, who ordered his own family to return, and urged the return of -his immediate neighbors, inviting them all to go to his place where -they would be perfectly safe. The Halls, Hendersons and Pettigrews, -with two farm hands named Henry George and Robert Norris, reluctantly -returned with Davis, and arrived at his cottage about noon. - -After dinner John W. Henderson, Alexander Davis and a younger son of -William Davis, Edward and Greenbury Hall, and Allen Howard, went to -a field about one hundred rods south of the Davis cottage, to plant -corn. In the middle of the afternoon William Hall, John W. Hall, -Robert Norris, Henry George and William Davis, Jr., who were working -on the mill-dam, gathered into the blacksmith shop where Davis was -repairing his gun, to get a drink from a pail of water which had been -brought from a nearby spring. All the loaded guns and the ammunition -were in the dwelling house, where Pettigrew, with his baby in his -arms, was chatting with the ladies who were sewing by the open door. -The afternoon was very hot and was not inspiring to great exertion. -The furniture which had been loaded to drive to Ottawa, was still on -the wagons that stood in the yard. The perfume of the blooming flowers -filled the air which was rich in its freshness after the many days of -rain and lightning. All nature seemed to instill in the little Davis -Settlement a feeling of safety or at least to relieve them from alarm -during the daytime. With the coming darkness, no doubt, they would have -all gathered into the little cottage and some of the men would have -stood guard with their guns to watch for Indians. - -About four o’clock a party of sixty to seventy Indians suddenly leaped -over the garden fence, filled the yard, and part of them rushed towards -the house. Mr. Pettigrew leaped forward to close the door, but was -instantly shot dead. Through the open door the Indians rushed with -spears, and hatchets, and guns, filling the little cottage. There was -no place to hide and no chance for the whites to escape. In her despair -Mrs. Pettigrew threw her arms around Rachel Hall and was killed by a -shot so close to Rachel as to blacken her face with the powder. Rachel -jumped upon the bed, which only placed her in view of more Indians and -increased the danger of being shot. - -The piteous screams of the women and children were terrifying. The -Indians stuck them with spears and hacked them with tomahawks without -feeling or mercy, and as they fell each victim’s scalp was cut off with -a big knife. - -An Indian grabbed Pettigrew’s baby by the legs, rushed out doors, swung -the child over his head, and dashed its brains out against a stump in -the yard. There, also, an Indian on each side held the youngest Davis -boy by his hands, the little lad standing pale and silent, and a third -Indian shot him dead. As his limp body fell, an Indian scalped him. - -In a few moments all the whites in the house excepting Sylvia and -Rachel Hall, namely: Mrs. Wm. Hall, aged forty-five years, her -daughter Elizabeth, aged eight years, Wm. Pettigrew, his wife and two -children, and Mrs. Wm. Davis and her five children, were killed. - -The sudden appearance of the Indians bewildered the men who were in the -blacksmith shop, as they were cut off from their guns and ammunition. -Young Davis slipped behind the shop and thence escaped down the creek. -The others rushed towards the house and were met by a volley of shots. -William Hall, whose breast was pierced by two bullets, with a prayer -on his lips, fell dead at his son John’s feet. Davis called out to -John Hall to “Take care!” and then tried to escape to the woods. -Notwithstanding his prowess and that he made a desperate fight for his -life by using his unloaded gun as a club, he was in a short time so -overcome by Indian warriors with their spears and tomahawks that with -innumerable wounds he sank dead in his yard. John Hall was so paralyzed -by the awful carnage, that for a moment he did not move from where -his father lay. He watched the Indians reloading their guns, then as -a man awakening from a night-mare he jumped down the high bank and a -volley of bullets passed over his head. By hugging closely to the bank -next the Indians, he scrambled hastily down the stream and then ran as -he never ran before, thus escaping. Norris and George slid down the -bank and attempted to cross the creek, but a volley of bullets from -the Indians killed one of them as he was climbing the bank, his body -falling back into the creek, and the other fell on the green sward -above. - -John W. Henderson, two sons of Wm. Davis and two sons of Wm. Hall, who -were at work in the cornfield when the Indians made the attack upon the -Davis cottage, comprehending the situation, hastily fled to Ottawa. -They had sped only about two miles when John W. Hall overtook them. By -reason of his scudding from death in the great heat and his excited -condition, John’s account of the massacre was incoherently told with -uncontrolled emotions of grief and rage. Believing that the Indians -were pursuing, he did not check his speed, but urged the others to -extra efforts until they reached the fort. - -Sylvia and Rachel Hall were each seized by two Indians who dragged them -out of the cottage to the yard where the final acts of the massacre -were taking place. - -In their fiendish desire for revenge for Stillman’s treachery and to -terrify the whites, the Indians cut out the hearts of some of the -slain and otherwise mutilated their bodies. Of all the whites none but -Rachel and Sylvia Hall remained alive to witness the closing act of the -horrible tragedy. As they saw scattered in the yard the bodies of their -murdered parents, their sister, and their neighbors--sixteen in all, -the girls were stupefied with horror. The wonder is that the shock did -not kill both of them. - -The massacre has been described so often, and is so sickening in its -particulars, that we drop the curtain on the tragic scene.[15] - -[15] 3 Smith’s “History of Wisconsin”, 187; “History of La Salle -County,” Baldwin, 95; “The Black Hawk War,” Stevens, 150; “Memories -of Shabona,” Matson, 145-155; _Ottawa Journal_, Aug. 30, 1906; 12 -Transactions Ill. State Hist. Soc., 332; Ford’s History of Illinois, -122. - - - - -CHAPTER V. - -THE CAPTIVITY. - - -A person never knows what he would do under conditions and -circumstances never before experienced: a mother who would flee from a -cow, would, to protect her child, fight a tiger without thought of her -own safety; a timid deer that would flee from a baby, when its nature -is changed by a serious wound will fight a hunter to death; a soldier’s -nature becomes so changed in battle that he obeys orders like an -automaton and in his efforts to kill men exerts himself until the sweat -rolls down his face as it would down the face of a harvest hand mowing -grass. - -Sylvia and Rachel Hall, who in the peace of their home would faint at -the sight of blood, had their nature so changed during the slaughter -and mutilation of their dear relatives and friends that they viewed -the scene with horror that almost paralyzed them and put them in a -psychological condition of mental aberration. - -The spell of lethargy was rudely broken when the girls were dragged off -as captives, first to the creek, and, after Rachel had been pulled half -way across the stream, then back again to the yard. There two Indians, -each seizing one of Sylvia’s hands, and two others taking Rachel in a -similar manner, hustled the girls northward along the easterly side -of the creek. The girls were soon in unknown lands through which they -were tugged on, and on, not knowing whither nor to what fate. Did they -cry? Of course they did; strong men would have wept under similar -circumstances. Did they pray? Yes; but their prayers were not like the -Pharisee’s: they prayed with an intense feeling from the bottom of -their hearts and with all the power of their souls. Were their prayers -answered? Were they? Read on, read on! - -After being hustled and half dragged about a mile and a half, they -came to where a number of horses were tied in the edge of a grove. -Here they met friends: horses belonging to their father and their -neighbors. The horses pricked up their ears, looked at the girls and -whinnied--returning the girls’ recognition. If the girls could have -mounted two of these friendly animals that were bred in Kentucky they -might have ridden to freedom; but it was not so to be. - -The Indians put each girl on a pony furnished with an Indian saddle -and led by a warrior. Thus they traveled on, keeping due north. After -the sun had set the additional terror of darkness was enveloping them. -Occasionally a night-hawk would break the awful silence by swooping -down from his great height with his accustomed “Boo-oo-oo,” and a -whippoor-will would add his monotonous whistle from a decayed log -in the adjacent woods. Otherwise, it was as solemn a procession as -ever moved to the grave, and only for the crack of his whip and an -occasional “ugh” from an Indian there was little to attract attention -until they passed a large grove on their left. The girls had heard of -Shabona’s Grove. Was this that historical sylvan place? Would Shabona -come to their relief? He had saved them and their friends before, and -if it had not been for the obstinacy of Davis they would not have been -in their awful predicament. But the chief, worn out and tired from -his long wild ride of the night before and asleep in his tent, was -unconscious of the passing of that strange and unusual procession. - -Hour after hour passed as the girls rode along weary and heart-sick on -that dark night, with nothing but the stars to light their way, and -not a ray of hope in their hearts. The head waters of Indian creek -and of the Somonauk had been passed and the source of the Sycamore -was reached just as the moon was rising, 51 minutes after twelve -o’clock.[16] Here the first stop was made and the girls were allowed -to rest on some blankets on which they sat together, not daring to -lie down to sleep. The Indians holding their ponies by the bridles, -danced a little, but nothing was said that would indicate their intent, -either as to the place of destination or what they intended to do with -their captives. As the girls could not speak the Indian language or -understand it, there was little medium of communication between them -and the Indians. Their feelings of sorrow for their murdered relatives -mixed with the uncertainty of their own fate, and their disheveled hair -and soiled cheeks through which their tears washed courses, made them -objects of woeful misery. Oh! if the girls could only wash their faces, -which were stained with powder and the blood of their dear friends, -or even in their sorrow comb each other’s hair as they had often done -at their father’s cottage, it would have refreshed them, and, to some -extent, relieved their distress. - -[16] Washington Observatory Record; “Old Farmer’s Almanac,” 1832. - -About half-past three o’clock in the morning of May 22nd, the girls -were replaced on the ponies, the Indians remounted, and once more the -train proceeded in its former order, with Indians before, on the sides, -and in the rear of the girls. They passed groves, here and there, and -hour after hour, with tiresome monotony, they moved along. - -After the sun had lapped the dew, it grew very warm and Rachel became -weary almost to collapse. She thought that if she could walk for -a little while it would give her relief, notwithstanding her weak -condition from fasting and worry. She did not know the language of -the Indians, but necessity finds a way: she made signs of distress -and indicated that she wanted to walk. The Indians understood her and -assisted her from her pony. This little act of gallantry gave her the -first indication of their human sympathy and inspired her with some -confidence in their honor. - -Limp and staggering, she managed to keep pace with the procession. When -they reached the Kishwaukee there was no hesitation and all plunged -into the stream. Rachel, who had not been replaced on her pony, was -forced to wade across through water three feet deep. - -It was now about two o’clock in the afternoon and a stop was made about -twenty-five miles easterly from Stillman’s Run, on the west of a large -grove, to allow the ponies to graze on the bank of the river. Here -they remained for about two hours. The Indians scalded some beans and -roasted some acorns, of which they ate heartily and offered portions to -the girls, who tried to eat so as not to offend the Indians. - -After the Indians had finished their lunch they busied themselves -in stretching on little hoops the scalps that they had taken in the -massacre at Indian Creek. The girls immediately recognized the scalps -of some of their friends, particularly the scalp of their mother. The -sight caused Sylvia to faint. Limp and unconscious she lay beside her -sister, who by the incident was again put into her former psychic -condition, being oblivious to everything about her excepting her -sister’s care. The subconscious thought that she had to protect Sylvia -inspired her with superhuman strength as well as the fighting spirit of -a lioness. If Sylvia should die! what then? If she should be unable to -travel, would the Indians kill her? What torture of mind Rachel must -have suffered! - -About four o’clock Sylvia regained her consciousness, to the great -relief of Rachel who recovered her normal condition of mind. By this -time the Indians had gathered their horses, and replacing the girls on -the ponies that they had been riding, all moved forward leisurely. - -Shortly after starting a detachment of the Indians was sent out to -scout to the westward, and after being gone some time they returned -apparently excited, and immediately the procession assumed a -double-quick, during which the Indian guards in the rear held their -spears poised, as though they expected an attack. After traveling in -that manner for about five miles, the Indians resumed their composure -and slackened their speed to a walking pace. - -Had the Indians seen some of Gen. Whiteside’s scouts? Had they learned -that a detachment of Illinois Militia, of which Abraham Lincoln was a -member, was moving towards them up the Kishwaukee?[17] Or, were the -Indians pursued by the friends of the girls? - -[17] XII Wis. Hist. Col., 241, 242; “The Black Hawk War.” 146. - -If the whites should attack the Indians, Sylvia and Rachel feared that -they would share the fate of their relatives and friends at the Davis -Settlement. Therefore, when the excitement of the Indians subsided, a -feeling of relief from danger of immediate death calmed the girls. - -The extra exertion during the scare caused the pony that Sylvia was -riding to give out, and it was abandoned. Sylvia was then placed -behind an Indian on a fine horse belonging to Mr. Henderson, which, -like the girls, had been taken captive at Indian Creek. Thus they -traveled, on and on, until about nine o’clock in the evening when they -arrived at Black Hawk’s Grove on the east side of the present city -of Janesville, Wisconsin, where the whole of Black Hawk’s tribe was -encamped.[18] During twenty-eight hours the girls had traveled about -eighty miles from the place of their capture, and were worn out almost -beyond description. No one can fully comprehend their condition without -reflecting upon that extremely long ride on horseback, without food -or drink, mourning their dead, and tortured with the worry over their -future fate. - -[18] Hist. of Rock Co., by Gurnsey & Willard, 19; 14 Wis. Hist. Col., -129; 6 Wis. Hist. Col., 422. - -On their arrival at Black Hawk’s Grove there was great rejoicing at the -Indian camp. Several squaws hurried to the girls, assisted them off -their horses, and conducted them to the center of the camp where they -had prepared a comfortable place in the form of beds of animal skins -and blankets. Also, the squaws brought in wooden bowls, parched corn, -meal and maple-sugar mixed, which they invited the girls to eat. More -through fear than appetite, the girls partook of the food, although it -was disgusting to them. - -The squaws requested the girls to throw on the fire particles of food -and some tobacco which they handed them. The girls complied with the -request of their dusky hosts, although they did not know for what -purpose it was required. As a matter of fact, it was a common practice -among the Indian tribes to make the offering of food and tobacco -to their gods in case of escape from death or as thanks for some -extraordinary good fortune.[19] - -[19] 2 “Indian Tribes of U. S.”, Drake, 68, 72; 6 Schoolcraft’s, -“History of Indian Tribes of the U. S.”, 83, 88. - -The squaws requested Sylvia and Rachel to lie down on separate beds, -and then a squaw lay on each side of each of the girls, so that there -was no chance for escape. Thus abed, they had a night of confused, -disordered sleep, in which visions of their friends and the scenes of -the massacre haunted them almost continually. The squaws endeavored to -soothe the girls, but they could not take the place of that mother who -in their childish nightmares would say to them: “My dears, say a prayer -and try to sleep.” - - “But God is sweet. - My mother told me so, - When I knelt at her feet - Long--so long--ago; - She clasped my hands in hers. - Ah! me, that memory stirs - My soul’s profoundest deep-- - No wonder that I weep. - She clasped my hands and smiled, - Ah! then I was a child-- - I knew no harm-- - My mother’s arm - Was flung around me; and I felt - That when I knelt - To listen to my mother’s prayer, - God was with mother there. - Yea! “God is sweet!” - She told me so; - She never told me wrong; - And through my years of woe - Her whispers soft, and sad, and low, - And sweet as Angel’s song, - Have floated like a dream.”--Fr. Ryan. - - - - -CHAPTER VI. - -TO THE RESCUE. - - -When John W. Hall arrived at Ottawa he did not know that his sisters -had been taken prisoners, but he supposed that they had been massacred -with the rest of the people at the Davis cottage. His first impulse was -revenge, and he rushed wildly about, urging men to arm and go with him -to the scene of the massacre. The spirit of adventure was rampant among -the people at the time, and John soon found himself at the head of a -considerable number of mounted men armed with all kinds of guns, who -followed him like a mob, from Ottawa to the Davis Settlement. - -On their way out they met some of the men who were defeated at -Stillman’s Run, returning to Ottawa. John endeavored to have these men -accompany him to the Davis Settlement, but they had enough of Indian -adventure, and instead of assisting John, discouraged the men with him -from engaging in a fight with the Indians. - -When John’s squadron arrived at the Davis cottage there was presented -an awful sight--thirteen murdered and mutilated bodies in and about -the cottage, some hung on shambles like butchered pigs, just as they -were left by the Indians. On the creek below the cottage were found the -bodies of Norris and George where they fell from the bullets of the -Indians. The absence of his sisters Rachel and Sylvia from among the -dead, presented to John a new quandary. A careful search was made about -the premises but no traces of the girls could be found. - -After having seen the awful deaths of their fellow-whites, the men who -accompanied John had their desire for adventure changed to a feeling -of fear, which they tried to hide under the excuse that it would be -impossible to proceed after the Indians without rations and tents. - -The situation was a trying one for John. In vain did he appeal to the -men to help him rescue his sisters. Not one would volunteer to go with -him, and after burying all the dead in one grave in front of the little -cottage, John and his squadron hastily returned to Ottawa. - -In hopes of rescuing his sisters, John again recruited a force and -obtained the necessaries to follow up the Indians. Early on the second -day after the massacre, with about forty men and two days’ rations, -without any commissary, John led his little army to the Davis -Settlement and along the Indian trail until he lost it on the great -prairie. He concluded that the Indians had taken the “Kishwaukee Trail” -to where the Kishwaukee flows into the Rock River, and he followed -that route until he arrived at his objective point without attaining -his chief aim. Disappointed in not even getting any information of -his sisters and in not finding further track of the Indians, and his -rations having run out, John was again obliged to return with his -troops to Ottawa for a fresh supply, when once more he started on a -fruitless search for his sisters. - -[Illustration: COL. HENRY GRATIOT.] - - - - -CHAPTER VII. - -MILITARY MOVEMENTS. - - -When a remnant of Stillman’s men returned to Dixon after an exciting -ride of twenty-four miles from Stillman’s Run, they reported that they -had been attacked by thousands of Indians and that all the rest of the -army had been massacred. The exaggerated report set a few of the men -who had not been with Stillman, keen to fight; but it instilled into -most of them a sense of home-sickness, and many of them requested to be -excused from duty. Gen. Taylor immediately reported the situation to -Gen. Atkinson, at Ottawa, and the latter ordered Generals Whiteside and -Harney, who were in command of some United States regulars, to pursue -the Indians. - -When the troops arrived at Stillman’s Run they found the bodies of -thirteen soldiers and most of the deserted commissary which had -included a barrel of whiskey that Black Hawk emptied on the ground. -Black Hawk destroyed the wagons and everything else that could not be -carried away, excepting a few boats that belonged to the Indians which -were left on the river bank. - -As a matter of fact Black Hawk had only forty warriors with him at the -time of the attack on him by Stillman’s men, while Stillman had about -three hundred men. At the time of the attack many of Stillman’s men -were under the influence of liquor and most of them in such a state -of insubordination that they paid no attention to the orders of their -officers. Thus they rushed into the camp of Black Hawk, and, as each -was acting independently, it was but a short time until the Indians by -their shots and yells had the militia scared crazy and on the run.[20] - -[20] The Black Hawk War, Stevens, 133, 137. - -On May 22nd, in accordance with Gen. Anderson’s order, Gen. Whiteside -took up and followed the Indian trail for thirty-six miles along the -Kishwaukee and the Sycamore; but when the high prairie was reached, the -Indians scattered so in all directions that the troops were unable to -track them further, and the army proceeded to the Fox River and down -that stream to Ottawa, where it arrived on May 27th. - -On the day that the girls passed a few miles to the east, the United -States troops found on the Sycamore, articles belonging to the Indians -who committed the massacre at Davis Settlement, among which were three -scalps. Perhaps it was fortunate for the girls that Gen. Whiteside -had not discovered and attacked the Indians, because under such -circumstances the Indians might have murdered them. - -Among the troops under Gen. Whiteside was the company in which Captain -Abraham Lincoln, subsequently the great president of the United States, -served. Probably the girls had not yet heard of him, who, if he had -known of their predicament, might have ended their captivity on that -day. - -During the march up the Sycamore, an old Pottawatomie Indian came -into camp, tired and hungry, with a letter of safe conduct, signed by -Gen. Lewis Cass. Some of the men declared the letter was a forgery, -and that the Indian was a spy and should be put to death. When the -soldiers threatened the poor fellow, Capt. Lincoln stepped forward and -said that he would shoot any man who would assault the Indian.[21] It -can be readily seen how a man of Lincoln’s bravery and superior mental -resources, might have freed the girls without injury to them. - -[21] The Black Hawk War, 285. - - - - -CHAPTER VIII. - -REWARD OFFERED. - - -The day after the massacre messengers carried the news in all -directions to the various settlements in Illinois, southern Wisconsin, -northern Indiana and western Michigan. At every settlement block-houses -or stockades were built and the whites prepared to defend themselves -against attacks of the Indians. At Galena the people assembled on -May 28th and passed resolutions (among other things) deploring the -captivity of the Hall girls and declaring their obligations to obtain -the release of the captives. In Michigan along the lake shore, there -was great excitement, intensified by frequent rumors that the Indians -were coming.[22] - -[22] Michigan newspapers, 1832. - -Gen. Atkinson who was then at Ottawa offered the Indians a reward of -$2,000 in horses, goods or money, for the safe delivery of the girls, -as it was feared that if force were used the Indians would murder -the girls. In Wisconsin, Col. Dodge who had command at Blue Mounds -Fort (25 miles west of Madison, Wisconsin), immediately recruited an -army and made plans to get the girls. Lieutenant Edward Beouchard at -Blue Mounds and Henry Gratiot of Gratiot’s Grove (15 miles northeast -of Galena), who were friends of the Indians with whom they had great -influence, engaged in the search for the girls. - -Gratiot went to Turtle Village (now Beloit, Wisconsin), where there -was a tribe of Winnebagoes with whom he had been on friendly terms and -who were supposed to be friends of the whites. However, the Indians -took him prisoner and he almost sacrificed his life in his endeavor -to obtain the release of the Hall girls. He succeeded, however, in -making his message known to the Indians, and arousing among them a -strong incentive to obtain the reward. While he was held as a prisoner, -an Indian chief to whom Gratiot had often given presents and shown -kindness, came to him and offered his services to aid in Gratiot’s -escape. Also Col. Gratiot was the government agent who paid the -Winnebagoes their annual allowance from the United States government, -which, no doubt, had some influence. The Indian took the Colonel to his -tent, and late in the night silently conducted him to the river and -gave him a canoe in which he paddled to safety. On his return home, -Gratiot reported that the captive girls were somewhere near the head of -Rock River in southern Wisconsin. He had gleaned that much information -from conversations among the Indians whose language he understood. - -Not knowing that Col. Gratiot had visited Turtle Village, Gen. Anderson -sent by messenger to Blue Mounds, the following letter: - - “Headquarters Right Wing West. Dept., - Dixon’s Ferry, 27th May, 1832. - - “Sir: - -“In the attack of the Sac Indians on the settlements on a branch of Fox -River the 22nd inst., fifteen men, women, and children, were killed, -and two young women were taken prisoners. This heart-rending occurrence -should not only call forth our sympathies, but urge us to relieve the -survivors. - -“You will therefore proceed to the Turtle Village or send someone of -confidence and prevail on the head chiefs and braves of the Winnebagoes -there to go over to the hostile Sacs and endeavor to ransom the -prisoners. Offer the Winnebagoes a large reward to effect the object: -$500 or $1000 for each. - -“I expected to have heard from you before this. - - Very respectfully your obt. sevt., - H. ATKINSON, - Brig. Gen., U. S. Army.” - - “Henry Gratiot, Esq., - Indian Agent.” - -When the dispatch reached the Mounds on May 28, Col. Gratiot who -had already visited Turtle Village had not returned, and Lieutenant -Beouchard who was then in command of the Port, opened the dispatch and -forwarded it to the Colonel. Also, Beouchard sent the substance of -the dispatch to Col. Dodge, who was then at Port Union, Col. Dodge’s -residence, near Dodgeville. Then Lieutenant Beouchard mounted his -horse and rode to a Winnebago encampment which was situated northeast -of Blue Mounds where Chief Wau-kon-kah was the head Indian. Beouchard -requested the chief to go to White Crow, Whirling Thunder and Spotted -Arm and inform them of the captivity of the Hall girls, and the reward -that had been offered for their release, instructing the Indians to -get the girls at any risk: by purchase, if possible; but by force, if -necessary. He assured the Indians that they would receive the reward -in case of success. The Indians promised to make the attempt. - -May 28th, Col. Gratiot wrote a letter to Governor Porter, of Michigan, -telling of the Indian Creek Massacre and the captivity of the Hall -girls, and, among other things, said: “Compelled by our feelings and -relying on the justice of our country, we did not hesitate to promise -a few of my trusty Winnebagoes a reward if they would bring us those -ladies unhurt. We promised them the highest reward that could be -offered.” Therefore, it is evident that Gratiot had offered a reward -for the release of the girls before he received Gen. Anderson’s -dispatch. - -On the day that Col. Gratiot returned from Turtle Village, he received -Gen. Anderson’s letter. On the same day he received further information -that the Winnebagoes had success in their endeavors to ransom the -unfortunate girls, and he immediately started for Blue Mounds, where he -arrived on June 2nd. - - - - -CHAPTER IX. - -THE CAPTIVE GIRLS. - - -In Chapter V we left the girls as prisoners at Black Hawk’s Grove, -Janesville, Wisconsin. Notwithstanding their night of disturbed sleep -and great need for rest, the girls were awakened at daylight by the -noise of the Indians around the tent. - -Soon after the girls arose the squaws brought them their breakfast -which consisted of dried sliced meat, coffee and porridge made of corn -pounded and water, that was served in wooden bowls with wooden spoons. -The little rest that the girls got through the night, revived them and -gave them some appetite, so that they were able to eat part of the -food, although they did not relish it. - -Breakfast being finished, the Indians cleared off a piece of ground -about ninety feet in circumference and erected in the center a pole -about twenty-five feet high, around which they set up fifteen spears, -on the points of which were placed the scalps of the murdered friends -of the girls. To the horror of the girls, they recognized the scalps of -their father, mother and Mrs. Pettigrew. Upon three separate spears -the Indians placed three human hearts, which added greatly to the -horror of the girls. Was one of the hearts their mother’s? - -The Indians jabbered among themselves for awhile and then the squaws -painted one side of the face of each of the girls red and the other -side black. Then the girls were laid with their faces downward on -blankets near the center, just leaving room for the Indians to pass -between them and the pole. When these preliminaries were completed, the -warriors, grasping in their hands their spears, which they occasionally -struck into the ground, and yelling all the while as Indians only -can, danced around the girls. Every moment while this was going on, -the girls expected to be thrust through with the spears; but they had -become so harrassed with dread of torture, that they almost wished to -have death end their troubles. However, not one of the spears touched -the girls, and outside of keeping them in terror, they were in nowise -injured. - -After the warriors had continued their dance for about half an hour, -two old squaws (one of whom was the wife of Black Hawk) led the girls -away to a wigwam where they washed off the paint as well as they could -by scrubbing them unmercifully. The squaws had adopted the girls, and, -as the children of chiefs, they were not required to work. - -The Indians having finished their dance, struck their tents, and, -after a good deal of bustle and confusion, the whole camp started in -a northerly direction. When they reached a point beyond the grove, -it seemed to the girls that the whole earth was alive with Indians. -Probably not less than 4,000 warriors, squaws, and children constituted -that army. - -Tired and sore from their former long ride and greatly exhausted by -their constant fears, it was an extraordinary ordeal for the girls -to plunge still farther into the wilderness. During traveling hours -the girls were separated and each was placed in charge of two squaws. -Whenever the army halted the girls were brought together, but always -kept under the surveillance of the four squaws. - -Their march from Black Hawk’s Grove was very slow and over a broad -prairie. Shortly before sundown the Indians pitched their tents at -Cold Spring, about three miles southeast of Ft. Atkinson, near “Burnt -Village,” the camp of Little Priest.[23] - -[23] Hist. of Jefferson Co., 327. - -As soon as the tents were erected everybody partook of some food, -most of the Indians without any utensils, but the girls were supplied -with the usual dishes: wooden plates, bowls and spoons. At this place -maple-sugar seemed to be abundant and the girls were furnished all of -it that they could eat. Also, the squaws seemed to appreciate the fact -that the girls were suffering from exposure, and took great pains to -make their quarters as comfortable as possible. - -During their long tramp through the brush, the light working dresses -that the girls had on at the time that they were captured had become -badly torn, and the squaws brought Rachel a red and white calico dress -with ruffles around the bottom, and Sylvia, a blue calico. The Indians -requested the girls to throw away their shoes and put on moccasins, -against which the latter strongly protested and refused to take off -their shoes. No violence to take away their shoes was used, and the -girls continued to wear them. An Indian threw away Rachel’s comb and -she immediately went after it and kept it so that it could not be -snatched away again without using force, to which the Indians did not -resort. - -As night set in the Indians retired and each of the girls had to sleep -between two squaws, which they were compelled to do thereafter up to -the time that they were turned over to the Winnebagoes. - -Day after day the Indians changed the location of their camp, probably -to evade the whites if they should pursue them. From Cold Spring -by circuitous routes, through the beautiful lake country around -Oconomowoc, they moved northward until they reached the rolling hills -near Horicon Lake where they pitched their camp not far from the -rapids, and southeast of the Indian village of Big Fox.[24] - -[24] V. Wis. Hist. Col., 260; Black Hawk’s Autobiography, 106, 110, -160; “Waubun,” 320; Hist. of Dodge Co., by Hubbell, 67. - -The girls had now traveled about 150 miles north from their home. It -was the eighth day of their captivity, and to them the time was so -long that every minute seemed almost a day; and since they last sat at -dinner in the little cottage of William Davis at Indian Creek, although -very vivid in their minds, seemed an age. Also, the unknown places at -which they had camped being in such various directions from each other, -the girls had no idea how far they had gone from Black Hawk’s Grove -(Janesville). Everywhere they traveled Indian camps were numerous, -because as soon as spring had opened the Indians divided into small -camps to make maple sugar. Were the girls to put an estimate upon the -number of Indians in that unknown region, it certainly would have -reached high up into the thousands. - -At every camp the dance around the pole with all its hideous -surroundings, accompanied by the Indian yells and war-whoops, the -rattling of gourds, and waving of weapons, was repeated. - -Among the tribes east of the Mississippi River it was an honor -principle that their female captives should not be tortured nor their -chastity violated; but if white men were taken captives they were -reduced to slavery and obliged to wait upon the white women after they -had been adopted by the Indians.[25] Notwithstanding this unwritten -law, these dances with the scalps on the spears harrassed the girls and -caused them to sob and weep bitterly. - -[25] 1, “Handbook of American Indians,” 203. - -One morning after many repetitions of the dance around the pole, the -program was varied by a party of warriors coming to the lodge where the -girls were in the custody of the squaws, placing in their hands small -red flags, and then the Indians with their captives marched around -the encampment, stopping at each wigwam and waving their flags at the -doors, accompanied by some recitation of a chief and the rattling of -gourds, all of which was not understood by the girls and they were -unable to comprehend the significance of what they were doing. As a -matter of fact the performance was a religious ceremony in which the -gourds took the place of bells used by several Christian denominations -during their religious ceremonies. - -[Illustration: COL. HENRY DODGE.] - - - - -CHAPTER X. - -RANSOMED. - - -On the morning of the ninth day of their captivity, some warriors took -Sylvia off about forty rods to where a number of chiefs seemed to be -holding a council. One of the Indians told Sylvia that she must go -with an old chief who was pointed out to her, namely, White Crow, a -chief of the Winnebagoes, who was about fifty years of age, tall, slim, -with a hawk nose, and as much of sinister look as a man who had only -one eye could have, for one of his eyes had been put out in a brawl. -He was addicted to drink, gambling, fighting, and other disreputable -practices.[26] Under any circumstances Sylvia might have protested -against going with him; but when he informed her that Rachel must stay -behind, Sylvia declared that she would not go without her sister. -White Crow, who was a fine and fluent orator, and spokesman of his -band on all occasions, made a long, loud speech in which he exhibited -considerable excitement, but was listened to with great interest by the -other warriors. After he had finished, Chief Whirling Thunder arose, -walked over to where Rachel was and brought her to where the council -was being held. The situation was painfully interesting to the girls, -because they had some intimation that it was all about their fate. - -[26] X. Wis. Hist. Col., 253. - -After some conversation among the chiefs they shook hands and the -captives were surrendered to White Crow, who must now get the girls to -Blue Mounds Fort to obtain the $2,000 reward. The Port was about eighty -miles to the southwest in a bee line. By the nearest trail through the -Madison lake region, it was about ninety-three miles; and by way of -Portage and thence on the Military Road to the Blue Mounds Fort, it was -about one hundred and seven miles. The Sacs and Foxes were along the -former route, which meant great danger, and the Military Road was the -best in that country. Therefore, White Crow chose the latter route. -The horses were brought, riding switches were cut and White Crow and -Whirling Thunder with their captives seemed ready to go. The squaws -with whom the girls had been staying were very much grieved at parting -with them, tears rolling down their cheeks, and the girls who now -reciprocated the affection of the squaws, preferred to stay with them -rather than to go with the warriors; but the chief’s stern orders had -to be obeyed. - -At this trying moment of the girls, a young warrior suddenly stepped up -to Rachel and with a large knife cut a lock of hair from over her right -ear and another from the back of her head. At the same time he muttered -to White Crow, in the Indian language, something which the girls -afterwards learned, was that he would have Rachel back in three or four -days. His example was followed by another Indian who stepped up to -Sylvia and without leave or a word of explanation, cut a lock of hair -from the front of her head and placed it in his hunting-pouch. Sometime -afterward a number of Indians made an attack on Kellogg’s Grove colony -(near Dodgeville, Wis.) and one of them who was shot by a miner named -Casey had around his neck a lock of braided hair which was subsequently -identified as that taken from the head of Rachel Hall. - -It might not be amiss, here, to state that among some of the Indian -tribes the cutting of the hair had a mystical meaning closely allied -to the life of a person, and was usually attended with religious -rites. The first clipping of a child’s hair was retained for religious -purposes. A scalp had a double meaning: it indicated an act of -supernatural power that had decreed the death of the man, and it served -as tangible proof of the warrior’s prowess over his enemies.[27] - -[27] 1, “Handbook of Am. Indians,” 524. - -[Illustration: WHERE HALL GIRLS ENTERED CANOES.] - -While the Indians were taking locks of hair from the girls, White Crow, -Whirling Thunder, and a few more Indians, had mounted their horses, and -with their captives on ponies, all rode off at a gallop, keeping up -a rapid speed during the rest of the day and far into the night, the -Indians looking back frequently. - -No doubt White Crow feared that the Sacs might regret that they let the -girls go, and would try to recapture them. It was about forty-seven -miles to Portage, and until that place was reached the danger was -great. The girls appreciated the danger; otherwise, they would have -dropped off their ponies from sheer exhaustion. A ride of forty-seven -miles on wabbly ponies! - -Finally, they arrived on the bank of the Wisconsin River near the mouth -of Duck Creek (just below Portage, Wis.) where was located a village of -Chief Dekorah.[28] - -[28] XIII. Wis. Hist. Co., 448; III. ib. 286; Waubun, Kinzie, 103. - -At this place the Indians prepared a bed upon a low scaffold, which was -furnished with abundant blankets and furs, where the girls lay until -daylight. The sun had not yet arisen when a party of Sac warriors, some -of whom were dressed in the clothing of white men, came into camp. They -wanted to talk to the girls, but Whirling Thunder told the girls not to -listen to them and to keep away from them. Then a long conversation of -loud angry words was kept up between the Indians for some time, when -the Sacs mounted their horses and rode away. - -It was ascertained later that one of the Indians who helped to capture -the girls at Indian Creek was on a hunting trip when the captives were -turned over to the Winnebagoes and on his return finding the prisoners -gone and not having received his portion of the ransom, he started off -with a number of warriors with the determination to recapture the girls -or kill them. No doubt that if the Sacs had overtaken the Winnebagoes -with their captives before they had reached the Winnebago camp, they -would have fought for the girls, which would either have ended in the -death of the girls or their being again carried off into captivity. -Such was the Indian custom.[29] What an almost miraculous escape the -girls had! - -[29] 2, Handbook of American Indians, 203. - -Immediately after the Sacs left, a hastened breakfast was prepared. No -doubt White Crow feared an attack if he should keep the girls at that -place or if he should continue his journey along the Military Road. -Whatever caused him to change his course, he arranged to take the girls -down the Wisconsin River[30] and to send the horses around over the -hills, on the west side of the river, to the next camping place. - -[30] Memories of Shaubena, 160. - -Breakfast was eaten as hastily as it had been prepared and then the -girls were placed in canoes and with a convoy of about one hundred -Indians, were paddled off. At first the girls feared that their little -barks would tip, but soon they found their canoes were in expert and -safe hands and that the new manner of travel was far superior to -horse-back riding. It was restful and gave them a fine opportunity for -observation, which under favorable circumstances would drive an artist -into ecstasy. The majestic bluffs with wooded slopes and craggy crests, -lined the river for many miles, stretching off to the west around -Devil’s Lake. It was ideal scenery and connected with many a romantic -Indian tale. - -The spring freshets from the melting snows and heavy rains, had swollen -the river so that it spread considerably over its banks, reaching in -places from the foot of one bluff to the foot of another. Down this -murky water the Indians paddled their canoes, hour after hour, over a -distance of about thirty miles, and landed on the west bank, where they -camped for the night. - -In speaking of this canoe ride the girls say: “The name of the river -we never knew, neither can we tell whether we traveled up or down the -stream.” The name of the river was learned from Shabona. It is not -strange that the girls could not tell which way the river flowed. The -writer has often been on that river during freshets, and the way the -water flows back and forth, dotted with eddies, would easily confuse a -stranger. - -Early the next morning White Crow went around to the wigwams with a -gourd in each hand, and stopping at the door of each wigwam he would -shake the gourds violently and talk as if he were lecturing. - -Having finished this religious service, he left the camp and did not -return again until sundown. Probably, he crossed the river and went -to his own village at the west end of Mendota Lake to get information -concerning the ransom offered for the captives. He was a sly chief, -and if he did not have considerable confidence in the success of his -undertaking, instead of taking the girls across to Blue Mounds he might -have them run further down the river and there hold them longer in -captivity. - -The thirty-first day of May had arrived and for the second night -the Indians camped on the west side of the Wisconsin River. Before -retiring, White Crow for the first time spoke to the girls in the -English language. He inquired whether their father, mother, or any -sister or brother, was alive, to which the girls replied that all had -been killed on the day of their captivity. White Crow appeared sad, -shook his head, and after hesitating a moment, said he would take -the girls home in the morning. He asked the girls if they thought -the whites would hang him if he took them to the fort, to which they -replied that on the contrary the people at the fort would give him -money and presents for his trouble. - -The conversation with White Crow roused the hopes of the girls -considerably, but a lingering doubt as to the truth of his words kept -revolving in their minds throughout the night. - -[Illustration: WHERE HALL GIRLS LEFT WISCONSIN RIVER. - -† “BLACK HAWK’S LOOKOUT.”] - -The next morning the chiefs accompanied by about forty warriors put the -girls in canoes and swam their horses across the river alongside of the -canoes, landing above the mouth of Black Earth Creek. The horses were -mounted in haste, but as most of the warriors had to travel on foot and -were impeded by marshes and underbrush on the flat bottom, the progress -was slow. The girls watched the sun with eagerness in their endeavor -to tell which way they were traveling and were assured thereby that -they were again going southward, although only in a circuitous course. -Hour after hour passed away, the girls all the while expecting to -catch sight of the fort. Finally, as the sun was sinking off over the -Wisconsin River, the Indians once more camped for the night on the bank -of a creek. - -There were two or three Indian families camped at this place, and on -seeing the girls they expressed great joy. In a short time the squaws -had prepared a supper consisting of pickled pork, potatoes, coffee and -bread for the girls, White Crow and Whirling Thunder, the rest of -the Indians dining apart from them. The meal was the best cooked and -the spread the cleanest that had been placed before the girls, and it -tempted their appetite so that they made a very fair meal, after which -they felt sleepy and were glad when they could lie down to rest. In a -short time most of the Indians had retired, excepting White Crow, who -seated himself close to the girls, where he smoked a pipe all night. -This was the first time that a warrior had kept guard over them, and -the inference of the girls was that the old chief feared an attack of -the Sacs who had visited their camp at Portage. The girls thought that -perhaps the Indian chief who had been rebuffed at that place might -have gone after recruits, and that at any moment the Indians might -swoop down upon them. Now, when they were almost within grasp of their -freedom, it racked the minds of the girls to think that there was a -possibility of being slaughtered or again carried into captivity. In -this condition of mind the girls passed the night. - -The camp was astir at sunrise and for the last time White Crow went -around performing his religious service by rattling his gourds and -addressing the Indians. After breakfast the girls were again mounted -on their ponies and all moved forward over higher ground, and before -ten o’clock they had reached the Military Road from Fort Winnebago, by -way of Blue Mounds, to Prairie du Chien. The sight of the wagon tracks -was the first sign of civilization that the girls had observed since -their captivity and increased their confidence in the probability of -their early release. Also, the road was much better than any they had -traveled since their capture. It led through groves and oak openings, -along the high ridge that is unbroken to the Mississippi River. -Inspirations of hope were necessary to revive the girls’ spirits and -enable them to complete the remainder of their long journey, as they -were exhausted to the verge of collapse. Hope is a great stimulant, and -it was on this that the girls were now subsisting. - - “Auspicious Hope! in thy sweet garden grow - Wreaths for each toil, a charm for every woe.” - -About two o’clock in the afternoon the Indians halted for lunch and -to let their horses feed. The principal food was duck eggs, nearly -hatched, that the Indians ate with relish, but which the girls rejected -with disgust. After lunch they had not traveled far until they caught -sight of Blue Mounds Fort in the distance. White Crow took a white -handkerchief that Rachel had tied on her head, which he fastened on -a pole for a flag of truce, and rode in advance of the Indians and -their captives. In a short time Lieutenant Edward Beouchard, who was -commander at the fort, met them and addressed the Indians in their own -language. The warriors now formed a circle into which Beouchard rode -and he and the Indians talked at considerable length. According to -Beouchard’s subsequent statement the Indians were unwilling to give -up the girls until they were assured by Col. Gratiot that the $2,000 -reward would be paid. Beouchard having assured the girls that they -would be well treated by the Indians until his return, went back to the -fort and soon returned with Col. Henry Gratiot, the Indian agent, and -a company of soldiers in which Edward and Reason Hall, uncles of the -captives, were serving as privates. - -Col. Gratiot assured the Indians that the reward for the rescue of the -girls would be paid. Also, he invited the Indians to be his guests at -the fort, and that he would prepare a big feast for them. The Indians -being very hungry the feast appealed very strongly to them. Finally, -the chiefs agreed to place the girls in the custody of Col. Gratiot -until the reward would be paid, the Indians retaining the right to the -return of the captives if the government failed to pay. - -The calico dresses which the girls had received from the Indians, had -become torn by riding through brake, briars and brush, and with their -soiled faces and disheveled hair, made them objects of pity.[31] In a -sense, the girls bearing their crosses, had followed their Master up -Calvary to its summit, where He granted their prayer by setting them -free. - -[31] 3, Smith’s Hist. of Wis., 214, 225. - - - - -CHAPTER XI. - -ROYALLY WELCOMED. - - -Following close behind the soldiers that went out with Col. Gratiot -to meet the Indians with the girls, were the ladies of the Fort, -including the wives of the commanding officers, and although the -Indians had delivered the girls into the custody of Col. Gratiot, the -ladies immediately took charge of them, and after kissing and hugging -them affectionately, conducted them to the Fort, where the girls were -furnished with new clothes and the best meal that the place could -produce. After dining the girls became sleepy and retired to rest, -feeling perfectly secure. - - “Sleep! to the homeless thou are home; - The friendless find in thee a friend; - And well is, wheresoe’er he roam, - Who meets thee at his journey’s end.” - -A messenger who had been dispatched for Col. Dodge, met him on his -way to the Mounds in company with Capt. Bion Gratiot, a brother of -Col. Henry Gratiot. On his arrival Col. Dodge immediately assumed -general command of the place. He invited the Indian chiefs, White -Crow, Whirling Thunder and Spotted Arm, into the Fort, and fed them -sumptuously. Ebenezer Brigham who lived at the east end of the Mounds -contributed a big fat steer for the feast. After the feast, lodgings -for the Indians were prepared, beds for the chiefs having been provided -in one of the cottages. Having everything comfortably arranged, the -Colonel retired and was soon fast asleep. - -About an hour after Col. Dodge had gone to bed, Capt. Gratiot came -rushing to his cabin in an excited manner, calling to him to rouse up -and prepare for action immediately. He informed the Colonel that the -Indian chiefs whom the Colonel had placed in the cottage, had gone -out to some brush near by and apparently were inciting the Indians to -make an attack upon the Fort. White Crow had come to the Captain and -after telling him that the whites were a soft-shelled breed and no good -to fight (referring to Stillman’s defeat), he closed by advising the -Captain to tell his brother, Col. Gratiot, the Indians’ friend, to go -home and not stay at the fort. Also, Capt. Gratiot had observed the men -whetting their knives, tomahawks and spears, and it was learned that -two of the warriors had been sent to the Winnebago camp early in the -evening, probably to obtain more Indians to attack the Fort. - -Col. Dodge, after listening attentively to the story of Capt. Gratiot, -replied: “Do not be alarmed, sir; I will see that no harm befalls you.” - -Col. Dodge then called the officer of the guard and an interpreter -and with six other men went out to where the Indians were and took -into custody White Crow and five of the other principal chiefs, and -marched them into a cabin inside the palisade to secure obedience -to his command. Then after directing the proper officer to place a -strong guard around the cabin and double the guard around the whole -encampment, the Colonel lay down with the Indians. To carry out the -Colonel’s orders took all the men at the Fort, so that virtually the -whole force was under arms during the night.[32] Once more the girls’ -lives were in jeopardy. - -[32] X. Wis. Hist. Col., 186. - -The night passed without another incident and when the sun arose over -the great plains to the east, the girls were up and relished a good -breakfast with their friends that awaited them. Col. Dodge was out -before the girls and he told the Indians that they must all go to -Morrison’s Grove, a place where the road to Galena branches off the -Military Road to Prairie du Chien, about fifteen miles west of Blue -Mounds. The Indians--White Crow particularly--protested against going, -stating that their feet were sore from their long march in bringing -the Hall girls to the Mounds, and that they had shown such great -magnanimity in risking their lives to ransom the prisoners that they -should receive their reward and be allowed to return home. Col. Dodge -frankly told them that he believed that they were in sympathy with -Black Hawk and that he should be obliged to treat them as suspects. In -vain did White Crow use his eloquence in protesting his friendship for -the whites, and after all was in readiness the Indians and soldiers -accompanied by the Hall girls started on their march to Morrison’s -Grove, where they arrived before noon. Here George Medary kept a hotel -in a large house built by the Morrison brothers of hewn logs, adjoining -a cultivated field, one of the first in the state.[33] - -[33] XIII. Wis. Hist. Col., 341; “Waubun,” 111. - -The ladies looked after the comfort of the girls, whom they welcomed -with much exhibition of joy and affection, and Col. Dodge, after having -the Indians well fed, ordered the chiefs to line them up until he could -talk to them. - -First Col. Dodge explained the alarming situation surrounding the white -settlers, and the information that he had that the Winnebagoes were -hesitating to join Black Hawk, and warned them of their destruction if -they should take part in the war against the whites. Next Col. Gratiot -spoke to the Indians in their own tongue, in a kindly manner, and after -he had finished White Crow made the following speech: “Fathers, when -you sent a request to me to go and to ransom those two white women, we -called on all of our people who were around us and they gave all of -their wampum, trinkets and corn, and we the chiefs gave ten horses. -The Little Priest, I, and two others, went to the Sauks to buy the -prisoners. We soon succeeded in buying one, but for a time could not -succeed in buying the other. After we had bought one, we demanded the -other. They said, ‘No, we will not give her up. We have lost too much -blood. We will keep her.’ - -“We told them: ‘If you don’t give her up, we will raise the tomahawk -and take her.’ I had a horse which you, father (Gratiot), gave me. It -was the last horse that I had. I told them that I would give them that -horse to obtain the prisoner. At sundown they gave me the girls and -I gave them the horse. The Little Priest took one of the girls and I -took the other and put them on horses. A Sauk came, as we were about -to start, and attempted to cut off the hair of one of the girls. I -caught his hand and prevented him, but allowed him afterwards to cut a -small lock. These white sisters were very much affected and my young -daughter cried to see these white sisters so distressed. Our women -bought clothes from the Sauks and gave them. These sisters will tell -you that we made them sleep together, and the daughter of the Little -Priest slept on one side of them and my daughter on the other side. We -were mortified that we could not use them better. Our blankets are worn -out and we could do no better. I tried to please and comfort them, but -they were not accustomed to our mode of living and could not eat. - -“Here are our two sisters, we bring them here to take their hands and -give them into your hands. We have saved their lives, for the Sauks -intended to kill them. - -“And now, fathers, all that we have to ask of you is that you will not -put us or our children in the same situation that these white sisters -were. We have brought them to you to prove to you that we are the -friends of the Americans.”[34] - -[34] Report of Col. Gratiot in U. S. files. - -After listening to White Crow, Col. Dodge informed him that he would -hold as hostages for the good conduct of the Winnebago Indians, their -chiefs Spotted Arm, Whirling Thunder and Little Priest, to which the -wiley chief made little objection, as he was trying to obtain as much -goods as possible in final settlement of the reward, which was paid -mostly in trinkets, blankets and horses. - -Having been well fed and supplied with shawls and blankets of brilliant -colors, childlike, the Indians were now anxious to go home. - -White Crow, with a showing of much regret, bade good-bye to Sylvia -and Rachel Hall. He went over the incidents of their rescue, and, to -prove his friendship for the girls, offered to give each of them a Sac -squaw as a servant for life. The girls thanked him, but said that they -did not want any human being to be taken away from her people as they -had been from theirs. The girls then bade adieu to all the Indians, -towards whom their hearts had changed, and for whom they now felt -considerable friendship. The eloquence of White Crow made an impression -on the young women, as he spoke in a sympathetic tone unexpected kind -words that touched their hearts. - -After resting at Morrison’s during the afternoon and night, early the -next morning the soldiers with their Indian hostages and the girls, -proceeded along the Galena road to Fort Defiance, which was located -five miles southeast of Mineral Point. Here again the girls were well -cared for by the wives of the officers, and the most sumptuous meal -that could be prepared was set before them, and their short stay made -as pleasant as possible.[35] - -[35] X. Wis. Hist., Col., 340. - -After dinner, with the convoy of soldiers and the Indian hostages, -the girls again moved on to Gratiot’s Grove, about a mile south of -Shullsburg, and fourteen miles northeast of Galena. At this place there -was a village of twenty families, with a hotel and a garrison of United -States soldiers.[36] The leading lady of the place was Capt. Gratiot’s -wife, a French woman of excellent education, whose mother had been -lady-in-waiting to Queen Marie Antoinette. Mrs. Gratiot, who was noted -for her hospitality, took charge of the girls and entertained them -lavishly at her home.[37] - -[36] X. Wis. Hist. Col., 256. - -[37] X. Wis. Hist. Col., 186, 246. - -Gratiot’s Grove, which became renowned as the most beautiful spot in -the northwest, is described by Mrs. Gratiot as follows: “Never in my -wanderings had I beheld a prettier place; the beautiful rolling hills -extending to Blue Mounds, a distance of thirty miles, the magnificent -grove, as yet untouched by the falling axe, formed the graceful frame -for the lovely landscape.”[38] Theodore Rudolph, a Swiss traveler who -was at Gratiot’s Grove in the spring of 1832, describing the place -says: “The vast prairie, as far as the eye could reach, was clothed -with a carpet of richest green, interspersed with gorgeous wild -flowers, of brilliant hues of red, blue, and yellow, in fact every -color of the rainbow--reminding one of the garden of Eden, as our -youthful fancies never failed to paint it for us.”[39] - -[38] X. Wis. Hist. Col., 286. - -[39] XV. Wis. Hist. Col., 345. - - - - -CHAPTER XII. - -HOMEWARD BOUND. - - “Oh! sweet is the longed-for haven of rest! - And dear are the loved ones we oft have caressed! - And fair are the home scenes that gladden the view-- - The far-wooded hills stretching up to the blue, - The lake’s limpid splendor, the circling shore, - The fell and the forest, the mead and the moor, - Are clustered with mem’ries and, though we may roam, - Their charm ever guides us and whispers of home!” - - --Anna C. Scanlan. - - -The thought of returning to their home filled the girls’ hearts with -such joy as was possible under their circumstances. When they arose on -the morning of their departure from Gratiot’s Grove, everything was -inspiring. Never before had the birds sung more sweetly nor had the -flowers looked more beautiful. The whole village was astir early, and -probably there was not one of the inhabitants who failed to appear to -bid the girls good-bye. - -Capt. Gratiot’s wife made the girls some nice presents and had so -endeared herself to them that although they had known her but a very -short time, they left her with tears, and in tears. - -Finally, all being ready, with a convoy of soldiers the girls continued -their journey to White Oak Springs (10 miles northeast of Galena), -near which they formerly lived and where they had many friends. It was -then a mining village of considerable size, but not so charming as -Gratiot’s Grove. There was a fort with soldiers at the place, and all -was in readiness to receive the girls. As some of their relatives lived -near the place, going there seemed to them like going home. - -One of the first surprises that the girls had, was to meet their -brother John who they thought had been murdered at Indian Creek. He had -been mustered into the militia and was stationed at Galena, but was -granted indefinite absence to go to meet his sisters and accompany them -home. - -At White Oak Springs they received a letter from their former pastor, -Rev. R. Horn, who had a mission on the Illinois River where Robert -Scott, an uncle of the girls, lived. The letter was full of kindness -and invited the girls to come to the Horn residence and make it their -home. From that time on, all arrangements were made to that end. - -On the night of June sixteenth, great excitement was caused by a -messenger riding into the town and announcing that the battle of the -Peckatonica (18 miles northeast) had been fought, that all the Indians -that participated in it had been killed, and that many of the whites -had fallen. The shocking particulars, which were loathing to the girls, -were told and retold. They had seen human blood spilled and they knew -what such a sight meant, so it simply renewed their horror. - -The girls remained at White Oak Springs two weeks, during which their -lady friends made considerable clothing for them so that they had a -well-supplied wardrobe, considering the time and the border country. -The men were not backward in the good work and presents of goods were -given by the store-keepers and a small purse raised to help to smooth -their way. - -Also, old acquaintances were renewed and new friendships were formed -from which it was hard to break away when it came time to leave. From -gruff old miners up to the army officer in his shoulder-straps, the -village folk gathered around the young ladies to wish them God-speed. - -The girls shook hands with everybody and thanked them, individually and -collectively, for their great kindness. In the last written statement -signed by Rachel Hall Munson and Sylvia Hall Horn, they say: “We are -very sorry we cannot recollect the names of those kind friends, that -they might appear upon record as a testimony of their kindness to us -in our destitute condition. May the blessings of our Father in heaven, -rest upon them all!” - -From White Oak Springs the girls went on to Galena, where they stopped -with an old acquaintance named Bell and were supplied with rations by -the United States’ army officers who considered the girls their guests. - -They had not been there many days before the steamboat “Winnebago” -called for a load of lead to take to St. Louis. The girls with their -brother John and their uncle Edward Hall took passage down the -Mississippi to St. Louis where they arrived June 30, and were received -by Gov. Clark who took them to his home and entertained them as his -guests.[40] - -[40] Letter of Governor Clark to Secretary of War, June 30, 1832; “Life -of A. S. Johnston,” Johnston, 23. - -Unfortunately, at that time the cholera was in the city and meetings -of people, public demonstrations, and entertainments, were restricted. -While the girls did not feel like attending entertainments or going in -society, the people of St. Louis were anxious to entertain them. - -A purse of $470.00 was collected, and, at the request of the girls, -was put into the hands of Mr. Horn for investment. Other small sums of -money were given to the girls to pay their incidental expenses, and -articles for their comfort were presented to them. - -The girls were anxious to go home, and in company with their brother -John and Uncle Edward they boarded the steamer “Carolina” for -Beardstown, Ill., from where they were taken to the home of their uncle -Robert Scott, close to Mr. Horn’s. Here they remained until Fall, when -they went to the home of their brother John who had recently married -and settled on a homestead in Bureau County, about twenty miles west of -the Davis Settlement. - - - - -CHAPTER XIII. - -ROMANCE AND HISTORY. - - -At a little country store down in Indiana where the settlers usually -gathered to read the weekly newspaper, William Munson, a young man -who was born in New York, first heard of the Hall girls and their -wonderful adventure. He was in the west seeking his fortune, and, being -an admirer of the brave and full of youthful fire, he remarked to the -people that he would some day marry one of those girls. His nearest -friends did not take him seriously, and the matter as a passing joke -was soon forgotten. However, with him it became a fixed idea, and in -the spring of 1833 he went to Illinois and took up a land claim in the -neighborhood where John W. Hall lived. - -Every good woman is not satisfied until she has a home of her own. This -natural longing was particularly strong in the minds of the Hall girls, -whose home had been destroyed. - -[Illustration: WILLIAM MUNSON.] - -There is no record of how William Munson first met Rachel Hall, but -our information shows that their courtship was short; for in March, -1833, they were united in marriage, and shortly afterwards they settled -down on the land claim entered by her father, about a mile and a half -east of the scene of the massacre. They were thrifty and got along -splendidly, becoming one of the foremost families of La Salle County. -Besides the rich abundance of worldly goods, they were blessed with -a large family of whom four died in their infancy. As there was no -cemetery, the little ones were buried in the garden. Of the other -children who grew up to manhood and womanhood, several became very -prominent and their generations became numerous. Their four daughters -were married as follows: Irena, to Dr. George Vance, who moved to -California; A. Miranda, to Samuel Dunavan, who settled on a farm just -north of the Munson homestead, where she still lives; Fidelia, to -George Shaver, and Phoebe M., to John F. Reed, of Ottawa. Mr. Reed’s -daughter Fannie was married to James H. Eckles who was Comptroller -of the Currency under Cleveland; and Mr. Reed’s daughter Winnie is -married to Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis, of Chicago. Mrs. Munson -left three sons: William, Louis and Elliot, and through them several -grand-children. - -[Illustration: MRS. RACHEL HALL MUNSON, AGED 42, AND YOUNGEST SON -ELLIOT.] - -Edward Vance, a grand-son of Mrs. Munson, is a well-known lawyer in -South Dakota, and Douglas Dunavan is a prominent lawyer at Ottawa, -Illinois. We shall not attempt to give sketches of the various -descendants of Mrs. Munson, as it would expand too much the limits of -this volume. - -The shock of the massacre and subsequent captivity impaired the -splendid constitution of Mrs. Munson, who thereafter suffered from -nervousness; but through the earlier part of her life, she manifested -unusual vigor. As Mrs. Munson passed middle life she failed rapidly, -and on May 1, 1870, she closed her earthly career and was laid to rest -in the garden beside her infant children who had gone before her, and -when Mr. Munson died he was interred beside his faithful wife. Their -graves are about one and one-half miles east of Shabona Park, on the -original Hall homestead. - -[Illustration: BURIAL PLACE OF RACHEL AND HUSBAND.] - -Incidentally, we noted the fact that for a short spell the Hall girls -made their home at the residence of Rev. Robert Horn. He had a young -son, William S., who was studying for the ministry, and as both -belonged to the same church (Methodist) and were born in Kentucky, -we cannot say that the unexpected happened. He was one year younger -than Sylvia. The love story of these young people would gratify any -novel writer. When Sylvia left with her sister to make her home with -her brother John, she and Mr. Horn looked upon each other with great -affection. The marriage of Rachel emphasized the yearnings of Sylvia -for her own home, and May 5, 1833, she was married to Mr. Horn and -settled in Cass County, Illinois. There were born to Mr. and Mrs. Horn, -eleven children. Mr. Horn’s vocation called him from one place to -another. Having served in the ministry in Illinois, he first went to -Missouri, thence to Peru, Nebraska, next to a parish near Lincoln, and -finally settled down at Auburn, Nemaha County, Nebraska, where he died -May 8, 1888, leaving him surviving, his widow, Mrs. Sylvia Hall Horn, -and several children and grand-children. - -Mr. Horn became an elder of the M. E. Episcopal church, and held -several high church offices. Elder Horn was noted for his intense -religious zeal, and, figuratively speaking, he died in the harness of -exhaustion and old age. He was buried in Mt. Vernon Cemetery, Peru, -Nebraska. - -After the death of Elder Horn, Mrs. Sylvia Hall Horn made her home with -her son, Thomas S. Horn, in Auburn, Nebraska, where she died January -11, 1899, aged 85 years, 10 months and 16 days. Mrs. Horn was buried -beside her husband with whom she had happily lived for 55 years. She -left surviving her a host of descendants. - -[Illustration: MRS SYLVIA HALL HORN AND ELDER HORN.] - -In the fall of 1867, John W. Hall, Mrs. Munson, and her husband, made -a visit to Elder Horn’s, Auburn, Nebraska, during which Mr. Hall and -his sisters narrated the incidents of the massacre and captivity, which -were reduced to writing by the Elder and published. The manuscripts -are now in the custody of Mrs. Eckels of Chicago. In his statement Mr. -Hall says: “After thirty-five years of toil have passed over my head -since the memorable occasion, my memory is in some things rather dim.” -Mrs. Munson and Mrs. Horn close their recital as follows: “Thus we have -given the circumstances of our captivity and the rescue as nearly as we -can recollect at this date, September 7, 1867.” The former published -statements of the ladies substantially agree with this last one. All -their statements and public interviews have been freely used and -completely worked into this narrative.[41] - -[41] 3 Smith’s “History of Wisconsin” (1854), 187; “The Black Hawk War” -(Stevens), 150. - -In 1833 the state of Illinois donated to Mrs. Munson and Mrs. Horn, -160 acres of land that the United States had given to the state towards -the construction of the canal between Chicago and Ottawa. At that time -the land was not valuable, and netted but a small sum to the ladies. -Now that land is within the city of Joliet and is worth considerable -money. - -[Illustration: THREE GENERATIONS OF RACHEL. - -1, Mrs. Dunavan (daughter); 3, Mrs. Hum, 4, Mrs. Watts and 8, Mrs. -Rogers (grand-daughters); 5, Howard and 6, Gladys Hum and 7, Baby Watts -(great-grandchildren); 2, Samuel Dunavan (son-in-law).] - -It has been asserted--and published in books, that Congress voted gifts -of money to the girls; but in answer to an inquiry made at the United -States Treasury, the author was informed that no such appropriation -has ever been made, and Mrs. Dunavan says that she never knew of her -mother’s receiving any money from the government. - -In 1877 Mr. Munson erected a very handsome monument on the spot where -his wife’s parents and the others who died with them were buried. It is -a graceful shaft. - -In 1905, through the efforts of friends of the persons who were -massacred at Indian Creek on May 21st, 1832, the Illinois legislature -appropriated the sum of five thousand dollars to place a monument at -the grave where the victims were buried.[42] On August 29, 1906, the -new monument was dedicated with much ceremony, music and orations. -Among the speakers were the venerable Hon. John W. Henderson and -his brother, Gen. T. J. Henderson, who were boys at the time that -the massacre occurred, the former being one of the persons who were -planting corn south of the Davis cottage on that day, and who with John -W. Hall escaped to Ottawa. - -[42] Laws of Illinois, 1905, p. 42. - -A full account of the dedication will be found in the newspapers and in -the records of the Illinois Historical Society.[43] - -[43] “Ottawa Journal,” August 30, 1906; “Bureau County Republican,” -August 30, 1906; XII., “Transactions of the Illinois State Historical -Society,” p. 339. - - - - -CHAPTER XIV. - -SHABONA[44]. - - -[44] This chief’s name is spelled in many different ways, to-wit: -“Sha-bom-ri,” in Smith’s History of Wisconsin; “Shah-bee-nay,” by Mrs. -Kinzie in Wau-Bun; “Shaubena,” by Matson; “Shau-be-nee,” by Kingston; -“Chab-on-eh,” “Shab-eh-ney,” “Shabonee,” and “Shaubena,” in the -Appleton’s Encyclopedia of American Biographies, and on his tombstone -his name is spelled “Shabona”. In Illinois, places named after him are -spelled Shabbona and Shabonier, the latter being the French spelling. -As Mr. Smith, Mrs. Kinzie, Mr. Matson, and Mr. Kingston, knew Shabona -well, the weight of evidence seems to be in favor of spelling his name -Shaubena, which is in accordance with the spelling of Indian words. -The second _b_ is not heard in the usual pronounciation of “Shabbona” -(Shab‘-eh-ney), and it causes strangers to mispronounce the name. Even -the word “Sac”, is usually pronounced Sauk, and is generally spelled -Sauk. Very many Indian names have the diphthong _au_ as shown by names -of rivers and places. Consequently, it would seem that the first -syllable should be spelled S-h-a-u-b. - -The story of the Hall girls’ adventures would not be properly finished -without some further mention of Chief Shabona. Probably no other Indian -in the West knew more white people, individually, than he knew; also, -he was known at sight to more white people than was any other chief -of his time. His name was so familiar among the whites, that its mere -mention was a safe passport to any home of the settlers. Shabona -was well aware of that fact and he always introduced himself as “Mr. -Shabona.” - -Baldwin says that Shabona was born in Canada; but Matson asserts -that he was born on the Kankakee in Will County, Illinois; and the -“Handbook of American Indians” gives Maumee River, Illinois, as his -birthplace. This contention of many countries as the place of Shabona’s -birth, proves the greatness of the man. Argos, Rhodes, Smyrna, Chios, -Colophon, and several other cities, claim to be the birthplace of -Homer; and Scotland, England, Wales, and Brittany, of St. Patrick. -Authors agree that Shabona was born in 1775 and dwelt at Shabona’s -Grove for fifty years. He was a grand-nephew of Pontiac and his father -who was an Ottawa chief, fought under Pontiac. Shabona was six feet -tall, erect, and weighed over two hundred pounds. - -During the wars of 1812, 1827 and 1832, Shabona rendered great services -to the white people by saving the lives of many of them who were taken -captives by the Indians, and by protecting the home of John Kinzie and -his friends during the Chicago massacre. However, with his tribe he -joined in the border war against the whites and fought beside Tecumseh -when he fell at the battle of the Thames. That was the last time that -Shabona raised a hand against the white people. - -When Col. Richard M. Johnson, who commanded the American army at the -Thames became vice-president of the United States, Shabona made a visit -to him at Washington. The vice-president gave Shabona a heavy gold -ring, which he wore until his death and at his request it was buried -with him. - -On account of Shabona’s great services to the white people, the state -of Illinois gave him two and one-half sections of land at the site -of his Paw-Paw Village. In 1837 the last of Shabona’s tribe having -been moved to a Kansas reservation, he followed them with his family -consisting of twenty-seven persons, including his son Pypagee and -nephew Pyps who were soon thereafter slain by the Sacs for the parts -that they played in notifying the whites to flee to Ottawa, before -the massacre at Indian Creek. Shabona was warned that the Sacs were -scheming to assassinate him, because of his efforts to save the whites, -and in 1855 he returned to Illinois. - -Before Shabona left Illinois for Kansas, he placed his lands in the -hands of an agent named Norton to collect the rents, pay the taxes -and to look after them generally. Unconscionable settlers squatted on -Shabona’s lands and filed in the government land office, affidavits -that Shabona had abandoned the lands, and on that proof and some -technicalities the lands were again sold as public lands, and on -Shabona’s return he found his domain in the possession of the squatters -who claimed to be the owners. Shabona could not help feeling that he -had been cheated by the whites, after all he had done for them, and the -old man sat on a log near where his village had formerly stood and wept -bitterly. - - “And man, whose heaven-erected face - The smiles of love adorn, - Man’s inhumanity to man - Makes countless thousands mourn!” - -Shortly after his return, as Shabona was cutting a few poles to erect a -tent on the margin of the grove that bore his name, a settler attacked -him and forcibly drove him off the land, and shamefully abused the -old man. Then for some time homeless, he wandered about from place to -place, the few remaining whites whom he had befriended, always giving -him a warm welcome. The old warrior’s plight aroused the dormant -gratitude of a few whites who raised a fund with which they bought for -him at Seneca, on Mazon Creek, near the Illinois River, twenty acres -of land which they cultivated and erected a dwelling-house thereon. -Because of his natural desire to live out-doors, Shabona lived in a -tent nearby and used the cottage for storage purposes. Through the -efforts of his friends, the government granted him a pension of two -hundred dollars a year, on which he subsisted until he died in 1859, at -the age of eighty-four years, and was buried in Evergreen Cemetery, at -Morris, Illinois.[45] - -[45] 7, Wis. Hist. Col., 415-421; History of La Salle County, Baldwin, -110. - -When Shabona was dying, he said: “I want no monument erected to my -memory; my life has been mark enough for me.” However, his friends -erected at his grave a granite boulder five feet long by three -feet high, which bears only this simple inscription: “Shabona, -1775-1859.”[46] - -[46] “Evergreen Cemetery” (printed pamphlet), p. 4. - -The state of Illinois purchased a part of the Davis’ homestead, -including the place of the massacre and mill-dam, and named it -“Shabbona Park.” - - - - -CHAPTER XV. - -CO-MEE AND TO-QUA-MEE. - - -Some of our readers may ask, Was anyone prosecuted for the massacre -at Indian Creek? Oh, yes! Co-mee and To-qua-mee who had tried to buy -Rachel and Sylvia Hall from their father, as related in Chapter III., -were, in the spring of 1833, at Ottawa, Illinois, indicted by a grand -jury, and a warrant issued and placed in the hands of Sheriff George -E. Walker who had been an Indian trader and spoke the Pottawatomie -language, to make the arrests. The Indians had gone to Iowa with Black -Hawk and had become members of his tribe. - -Alone, Sheriff Walker went to the Sac reservation and placed the -Indians under arrest. The two Indians made no resistance, but -unshackled accompanied the sheriff to Ottawa. They were allowed to go -on a bond signed by themselves, Shabona, and several other Indians, -upon their promises upon their honor to return for trial. - -When the time for the trial arrived the Indians were on hand, although -they had told their friends that they expected to be executed. Many -of the friends of the people who had been massacred, armed and -threatening to shoot the prisoners, if they should be liberated, -attended the trial. There was no jail in Ottawa at the time, so the -trial was held under a great tree on the bank of the Illinois. All -through the trial the sheriff with a posse of armed men, guarded the -Indians. - -Mrs. Munson and Mrs. Horn, the principal witnesses, could not -positively identify either of the Indians, and as the Indians had -voluntarily stood their trial when they might have escaped, the jury -acquitted them. When the trial was over the Indians’ friends gave them -a banquet at Buffalo Rock (six miles down the Illinois), to which the -sheriff and several other prominent men of the time were invited. A -fat deer and choice game were parts of the menu, and a great red-white -pow-wow was a part of the celebration. - -It is said that subsequently when To-qua-mee and Co-mee were drinking -with their friends, they admitted that they were present at the -massacre, and that they took part in it only because they were angered -at Davis for building the dam across Indian Creek. Also, they stated -that it was through their influence that the lives of the Hall girls -were spared, which was an express condition upon which they insisted -before they would take part in the massacre. However, Black Hawk in his -autobiography states that it was the Sac Indians who saved the lives of -the girls; and White Crow in his speech at Morrison’s, said that the -Sacs intended to kill the girls and that the Winnebagoes saved their -lives.[47] - -[47] XI. Transactions of Illinois Historical Society, 1906, p. 313; -Memories of Shabona, 165-168; Black Hawk’s Autobiography, 111; Ante, p. -83. - - - - -INDEX - - - A. - - Adoption of Captives by chiefs, 61 - - Agriculture and civilization, 25 - - Atkinson, Gen. at Ottawa, 51 - letter to Col. Gratiot, 56 - offers reward, 54 - - Auburn, where Elder Horn died, 100 - - - B. - - Battle of “Stillman’s Run”, 20 - The Pecatonica, 92 - - Beloit, Turtle village, 55 - - Beouchard, Lieut. Edward, 55 - meeting captives, 79 - - Big Fox, camp near, 63 - - Black Earth Creek, camp on, 76 - - Black Hawk War, 17 - - Black Hawk, born at Rock Island, 18 - council of, 18 - fought with English, 1812, 18 - grief of, 19 - love of country, 18 - ordered to move to Iowa, 18 - return to Illinois, 18 - speech of, 18 - second council of, 20 - - Black Hawk’s Grove, arrival at, 45 - - Black Hawk “Lookout”, camp near, 75 - - Black Hawk, picture of as a warrior, 17 - picture of as civilian, 21 - - Black Hawk’s village, 26 - - Blacksmith, important settler, 25 - - Blockhouses, building of, 54 - - Brigham, Ebenezer, Indian feast, 82 - - Buckwheat as first crop, 25 - - Buffalo, herds of, 12 - - “Burnt City”, near Ft. Atkinson, Wis., 61 - - - C. - - Camp on Wisconsin river, 74 - Black Hawk’s Grove, 45, 59 - Black Hawk’s “Lookout”, camp near, 75 - Cold Spring, 61 - Horicon Lake, 63 - Portage, camp near, 70 - - Canada, Indian voyages to, 26 - - Canoes, where girls entered, 68 - - Captives, Indians kill when attacked, 71 - - Captivity of Hall girls, 38 - - “Carolina”, St. Louis to Beardstown, 94 - - Chickens, prairie, 12 - - Chippewas, Indians, 16 - - Cholera at St. Louis, 93 - - Civilization, marriage and agriculture, 25 - - Clark, Gov., of Missouri, 93 - - Clothes, Indians furnish Hall girls, 62 - - Cold Spring, camping at, 61 - - Comb, Rachel’s thrown away, 62 - - Co-mee, tried to buy wife, 23 - arrest of for murder, 111 - acquittal, 112 - alleged confession of murder, 113 - - Country, description of, 9 - - - D. - - Dam across Indian Creek, 29 - Indians object to, 29 - Indian tears outlet through, 29 - - Dancing of Indians, 41, 59, 64 - - Davis City, dream of, 28 - - Davis, Jefferson, 9 - - Davis Settlement, 23 - - Davis, Alex., escape of, 32 - - Davis, William, sketch of, 25 - children of murdered, 35 - murdered by Indians, 35 - powerful and brave, 28 - whipped Indian with stick, 29 - - Davis, Wm., Jr., escape of, 35 - - Dedication of State Monument, 105 - - Deer, herds of, 12 - - Description of country, 9 - - Dixon, center of trails, 13 - - Dodge, Col., raises troops, 54 - address to Indians, 85 - command at Blue Mounds, 81 - takes hostages, 87 - - Drunkenness in Militia, 52 - - “Dry Year”, the, 31 - - Dunavan, Mrs. A. Miranda, 6, 97, 103 - information given by, 6 - - Dunavan, Samuel, married Miss Munson, 97 - picture of, 103 - - - E. - - Eckles, Hon. James II., U. S. Treasurer, 98 - - Eckles, Winnie, married to Judge Landis, 98 - - English government pensioned Sacs, 26 - - Evidence, best, 6 - - - F. - - Family history, Munson, 6, 95 - - Family history, Horn, 6, 100 - - Fire, a prairie, 11 - - Flag of Truce, 20, 79 - - Flowers, many beautiful, 12, 27 - great growth of, 31 - - Forests, trees of, 10 - - Fort Defiance, rest at, 78 - - Fort Winnebago, Portage, 78 - - Fox Indians, 13 - - Fox river, description of, 9 - - - G. - - Galena, meeting of people, 54 - - Game, abundance of, 12 - - Geology of country, 10 - - George, Henry, at work on dam, 32 - shot by Indians, 36 - - Gratiot, Capt. Bion, and Indians, 81 - wife of, cultured, 89, 90 - - Gratiot, Col. Henry, Indians’ friend, 55 - address to Indians, 84 - - Gratiot’s Grove, description of, 89 - - - H. - - Hair, ceremony of clipping, 68, 70 - cutting locks from captives, 68 - scalp, double meaning of, 70 - - Hall girls, as captives, 41-47, 59-65 - adopted by chiefs, 61 - and neighbors’ horses, 39 - at Black Earth Creek, 76, 77 - at Black Hawk’s Grove, 45 - at Blue Mounds, 79-83 - at Cold Spring, 61 - at Fort Defiance, 88 - at Galena, 93 - at Gratiot’s Grove, 88-90 - at Horicon, Lake, 66-67 - at Kishwaukee river, 42-44 - at Morrison’s, 84-88 - at Portage, 70 - at St. Louis, 93 - at White Oak Springs, 90-92 - description of, 7, 8 - dresses given by squaws, 62 - food of captives, 43, 46, 62, 72, 76, 78 - guests of Gov. Clark, 93 - Indians wanted as wives, 23 - kept apart in traveling, 61 - letter from Rev. Horn, 91 - painted by squaws, 60 - popular appellation of, 6 - prayers of, 39 - presents to, 92, 102, 104 - purse collected for, 94 - Rachel exhausted, 42, 98 - religious offerings, 46 - sleeping between squaws, 46 - tiresome traveling, 42, 70, 78 - weeping of, 39, 90 - wept parting squaws, 79 - - Hall, Edward, in militia, 79 - - Hall, Elizabeth, killed by Indians, 23, 35 - - Hall, Greenbury, escape of, 32, 36 - - Hall, John W., escape of, 35, 36 - buries massacred whites, 49 - meets sisters, 91 - recruits squadron, 48 - searches for sisters, 49, 50 - statement of, 102 - visits sisters in Nebraska, 102 - - Hall, Reason, in Militia, 79 - - Hall, Rachel, one of the “Hall girls”, ages of, 23, 98 - death of, 98 - exhausted, 42, 98 - family of, 96, 98 - marriage of, 95 - picture of, 97 - state land gift, 102 - tomb of, 99 - wading Kishwaukee, 42 - - Hall, Sylvia, one of the “Hall girls”, ages of, 23, 100 - death of, 100 - fainted at sight of scalp, 43 - family of, 100 - marriage of, 100 - pictures of, 24, 101 - state land gift to, 102 - - Hall, William, sketch of, 23 - family of, 23 - hospitality, noted, 24 - shot by Indians, 35 - - Hall, Mrs. Wm., massacred, 34-35 - - Harney, Gen., U. S. officer, 51 - - Harrison, president, 9 - - Hearts, human on spears, 60 - - Henderson, Hon. John W., escape of, 32, 35 - memorial oration of, 105 - - Henderson, John H., settler, 25 - - Henderson, Gen. T. J., oration, 105 - - Home, longing for, 99, 101 - - Horicon Lake, 63 - - Horn, Mr. C. L., grandson of Elder, 6 - - Horn, Miss Sylvia E., grandchild of Elder, 6 - - Horn, Thomas S., son of Elder, 100 - - Horn, Elder W. S., sketch of, 99, 101 - marries Sylvia Hall, 100 - picture of, 101 - - Horses stolen from settlers, 39 - - Howard, Allen, escape of, 32, 35 - - - I. - - Illinois river, 4, 13 - - Indian troubles, 13 - bands attack settlers, 21 - land claims, 13 - marriage custom, 23 - scare, 31 - whipped by Davis, 29 - - Indians: Foxes, Sacs, etc., 13 - attack Davis cottage, 33 - attempt to get girls, 69 - carry away Hall girls, 39 - conspiracy suspected, 81 - parting from Hall girls, 88 - refusal to ratify treaty, 16 - taken to Morrison’s, 84 - trial of for murder, 112 - wrongs of, 16 - - - J. - - Jackson, President Andrew, 9 - - Jerome, Judge Edwin, guest of Halls, 24 - - Johnson, Gen. Albert Sydney, 9 - - Johnson, Col. R. M., and Shabona, 108 - - - K. - - Kaskaskia, mission and capital, 9 - - Kishwaukee river, 10 - - Kishwaukee Trail, 13 - - - L. - - La Fayette, Gen., at Kaskaskia, 9 - - Land, Indian claims to, 13 - donated to Hall girls, 104 - - Landis, Judge K. M., married Winnie Eckles, 98 - - Lands, treaty as to, 13 - - Lincoln, Capt. Abraham, 44 - anecdote of, 53 - President, at Kaskaskia, 9 - - Little Priest, Indian chief, 61 - as hostage, 87 - - - M. - - Maple sugar, abundance, 62, 64 - - Marquette, Father, 9 - - Marriage and civilization, 25 - Indian wife purchase, 23 - - Massacre, the Indian Creek, 31 - - Medary, George, Hotel of, 84 - - Michigan, excitement in, 54 - - Mill, necessity in settlement, 25 - - Miller, important settler, 25 - - Military movements, 51 - - Military Road, course of, 67, 78 - - Militia, drunk, 52 - - Monument erected by Munson, 4, 103, 104 - - Monument erected by state, 104 - - Monuments on site of massacre, 4, 103 - - Munson, Rachel, three generations of, 103 - burial place of, 98 - given land, 103 - - Munson, William, sketch of, 95 - family of, 96, 97, 98 - picture of, 96 - - - N. - - Neighbors, helping each other, 25 - - Norris, Robert, at work on dam, 33 - shot by Indians, 36 - - - O. - - Oconomowoc river, 10 - lakes around, 63 - - Ox-teams for breaking prairie, 25 - - - P. - - Paw Paw, Shabona’s village, 108 - - Pecatonica, battle of, 92 - - Pensions from England, 26 - - Peru, home of Elder Horn, 100 - - Pettigrew, Wm., sketch of, 24 - baby killed by Indian, 34 - killed by Indians, 34 - Mrs., shot in cottage, 34 - - Picture of a prairie fire, 11 - Black Hawk as civilian, 21 - Black Hawk as warrior, 17 - Chief Shabona, 30 - Monuments, 4, 27, 99, 103 - Mrs. Dunavan, Mrs. Hum, Mrs. Watts, Howard Hum, Gladys Hum, Samuel - Dunavan, 103 - Mrs. Rachel Hall Munson and son Elliott, 97 - Mrs. W. S. Horn and the Elder, 101 - none of Misses Hall, 7 - Shabona Park, 37 - where girls entered canoes, 69 - William Munson, after middle life, 96 - Wisconsin river, 75 - tombs of Rachel and her husband, 99 - - Portage, where girls took canoes, 69 - - Pottawatomie Indians, 13, 16, 53 - - Prairie breaking, 25 - - Purse for Hall girls, 94 - - Pursuit of Indians, 44 - - Pypagee, Shabona’s son, friend of settlers, 22, 108 - - Pyps, Shabona’s nephew, friend of settlers, 22, 108 - - - Q. - - Quails, plentiful, 12 - - - R. - - Rabbits, abundant, 12 - - Rachel’s comb, taken by Indian, 62 - - Rachel ransomed, 67 - - Ransom from Sacs, 66 - - Ratification, refusal of Indians, 16 - - Red Bird war, 17 - - Red Flag promenade, 65 - - Reed, John, marries Phoebe Munson, 98 - - Reed, Fannie, married to Mr. Eckles, 98 - - Religion, Indian offering, 46 - - Religious ceremony, 65, 73 - - Reward offered, 54 - payment in goods, 89 - - Rivers, formation of, 10 - - Road, safest to Blue Mounds, 68 - - Rock river, 9 - rapids passed by captives, 63 - - Romance and history, 95 - - Royally welcomed, 79 - - - S. - - Sacs claim land, 16 - follow girls to Portage, 71 - danger expected, 77 - - Sauk Trail, 26 - - Scalp, double meaning of, 70 - - Scalping victims, 34 - - Scanlan, Miss Marian, contributor, 7 - - Scanlan, Miss Gertrude, contributor, 7 - - Scott, uncle of Hall girls, 91 - - Settlement, Davis, 23 - - Settlers attacked by Indians, 21 - rush to Ottawa, 31 - return to Davis settlement, 32 - - Shabona, sketch of, 106 - abuse of by squatters, 109 - cheated out of his lands, 109 - Col. Johnson’s gift ring to, 108 - grave of, 40 - home on Mazon creek, 110 - notifies whites, 22, 31 - Park, 27, 110 - Paw Paw Village of, 108 - picture of, 30 - removal to Kansas, 108 - second notice to settlers, 32 - tomb of, 110 - - Shaver, Delia, married to William Munson, Jr., 98 - - Shaver, George, married Fidelia Munson, 97 - - Sod corn, first crop, 25 - - Somonauk, passing headwaters, 40 - - Spotted Arm, chief, 57 - as hostage, 87 - - Springfield, state capital, 1837, 9 - - Starved Rock State Park, 9 - - Stillman, Major, defeat of, “Stillman’s Run”, 20 - - “Stillman’s Run”, rout at, 20, 48, 51, 52 - militia undisciplined, 20, 51 - pursuing Indians, 20, 51 - truce flag abused, 20 - - Stockades, building of, 54 - - Storms, rains, 31 - - St. Louis, girls ship for, 93 - - Sycamore river, 10 - - Sycamore at rising of moon, 41 - - Sylvia Hall, one of the “Hall girls”, 6 - first ransomed, 66 - - - T. - - Taylor Gen., report to Atkinson, 51 - - Tecumseh, Chief, 22 - - To-qua-mee, arrest for murder, 111 - acquitted of murder, 112 - alleged confession of murder, 113 - Indian marriage, 23 - - Torture, not women captives, 64 - - Traditions proved, 7 - - Treaty of 1804, 13 - Articles, 13-16 - - Turkeys on prairies, 12 - - Turnips, first crop, 25 - - Turtle Creek, 10 - - Turtle Village, 55 - - - V. - - Vance, Ed., lawyer in Dakota, 98 - - Vance, Dr. G., marries Irma Munson, 97 - - - W. - - Walker, Sheriff, fearless, 111 - - Waterway, Green Bay to Prairie du Chien, 13 - - Watts, Mrs., picture of, 103 - - Waubansee, friend of the whites, 30 - - Whirling Thunder, promises assistance, 57 - - White Crow, promises assistance, 57 - character and appearance, 66 - makes speech to girls, 87 - speech at Morrison’s, 57 - speaks English to captives, 74 - - White Oak Springs, description of, 91, 92 - - Whiteside with Harney, 51 - finds white scalps, 50 - - Winnebago Indians, 16 - - “Winnebago”, steamboat for St. Louis, 93 - - Wisconsin river scenery, 73 - - Woods, description, 26 - - -[Transcriber’s Note: - -Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation are as in the original.] - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Indian Creek Massacre and Captivity of -Hall Girls, by Charles M. 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Scanlan - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Indian Creek Massacre and Captivity of Hall Girls - -Author: Charles M. Scanlan - -Release Date: October 23, 2015 [EBook #50294] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INDIAN CREEK MASSACRE, HALL GIRLS *** - - - - -Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img id="coverpage" src="images/cover.jpg" -alt="" /> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i002.jpg" -alt="" /> -<table> - <tr> - <td class="caption">MUNSON MONUMENT.</td> - <td class="caption">PLACE OF MASSACRE.</td> - <td class="caption">STATE MONUMENT.</td> - </tr> -</table> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_1">1</span></p> - -<h1>INDIAN CREEK MASSACRE<br /> -<span class="small">and</span><br /> -<span class="smcap">Captivity of Hall Girls</span><br /> -<span class="xlarge">COMPLETE HISTORY</span><br /> -<span class="small">of the</span><br /> -<span class="xlarge">MASSACRE OF SIXTEEN WHITES</span><br /> -<span class="small">on</span><br /> -<span class="large">INDIAN CREEK, NEAR OTTAWA, ILL.</span><br /> -<span class="small">and</span><br /> -<span class="large"><span class="smcap">Sylvia Hall and Rachel Hall</span></span><br /> -<span class="small">As Captives in Illinois and Wisconsin<br /> -during</span><br /> -<span class="large">THE BLACK HAWK WAR, 1832</span><br /> -<span class="medium">BY</span><br /> -CHARLES M. SCANLAN<br /> -<span class="small">Author of<br /> -“Scanlan’s Rules of Order,” “The Law of Church and Grave,”<br /> -“Law of Hotels” Etc.</span><br /> -<span class="medium">SECOND EDITION</span> -<span class="table"> -<span class="trow medium">REIC PUBLISHING COMPANY</span> -<span class="trow small">421 Matthews Building</span> -<span class="trow small">Milwaukee, Wis.</span> -</span></h1> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_2">2</span></p> - -<p class="center"> -<span class="smcap">Copyright</span>, 1915.<br /> -BY<br /> -CHARLES M. SCANLAN<br /> -</p> -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_3">3</span></p> - -<h2 id="PREFACE">PREFACE.</h2> - -<p>No one is satisfied with an incomplete story. -The very meagre and inconsistent accounts of -the adventures of Sylvia and Rachel Hall -(familiarly known as the “Hall girls”) heretofore -published, merely excited one’s curiosity to -know the whole story. The ladies’ statements -that have been published, gave only an outline -of the facts as far as they knew them personally. -To obtain all the facts, required much investigation -of books and a great deal of correspondence -with historical societies, editors of -newspapers and the War and the Interior Department -of the United States. Also, the writer -has had personal interviews with relatives of -the Misses Hall, and has traveled over the -ground and examined all the evidence that now -appears from the location of the little cottage -on Indian Creek to Galena where the girls took -a boat for St. Louis.</p> - -<p>Mrs. A. Miranda Dunavan, a daughter of -Mrs. Rachel Hall Munson (the younger captive), -gave me the family history of her mother; -and Miss Sylvia E. Horn of Lincoln, Nebraska, -and Mr. C. L. Horn of Mackinaw, Illinois. -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_4">4</span> -grand-children of Mrs. Sylvia Hall Horn (the -elder captive), contributed the history of the -Horn family. Thus every fact in the following -pages is stated upon the best evidence.</p> - -<p>To gather all the traditions that still linger -along the course over which the Indians traveled -with their captives, the writer enlisted the -services of his nieces, Miss Gertrude Scanlan -of Fennimore, Wisconsin, and Miss Marian -Scanlan of Prairie du Chien, whose grandfathers -were pioneers in the lead regions. However, -no fact has been stated on tradition without -the clues being verified by land records or -government documents.</p> - -<p>Of course every lady wants to know how the -girls looked. Unfortunately, there is no picture -of either of them prior to middle life. Mrs. -Dunavan lent to me a very rare daguerreotype -picture of her mother, Mrs. Munson, taken at -the age of about forty-two years, and a photograph -of her aunt, Mrs. Sylvia Hall Horn, taken -when she was over sixty years of age. Also, -I borrowed from Mrs. Dunavan a tintype picture -of herself when she was sixteen, which is -said to be a very good likeness of her aunt -Sylvia at the time that she was taken captive. -These pictures are reproduced herein. The -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_5">5</span> -tradition of the neighborhood is that the girls -were unusually handsome in both figure and -face and of captivating kind dispositions. They -were born in Kentucky and carried with them -to Illinois the southern culture which has won -for the ladies of the South considerable fame in -story and song.</p> - -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">“She was bred in old Kentucky,<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Where the meadow grass grows blue,<br /></span> -<span class="i0">There’s the sunshine of the country,<br /></span> -<span class="i0">In her face and manner too.”—Braisted.<br /></span> -</div></div> -</div> - -<p> -Milwaukee, Wis.<br /> -July 15, 1915.<br /> -<span class="author">CHARLES M. SCANLAN.</span> -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_6">6</span></p> -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_7">7</span></p> - -<h2 id="CONTENTS">CONTENTS</h2> - -<table> - <tr> - <td colspan="3" class="tdr">PAGE</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="2"><a href="#PREFACE">Preface</a>,</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_3">3</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">I.</td> - <td><a href="#CHAPTER_I">Description of the Country</a>,</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_9">9</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">II.</td> - <td><a href="#CHAPTER_II">Indian Davis Troubles</a>,</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_13">13</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">III.</td> - <td><a href="#CHAPTER_III">The Davis Settlement</a>,</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_23">23</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">IV.</td> - <td><a href="#CHAPTER_IV">The Massacre</a>,</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_31">31</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">V.</td> - <td><a href="#CHAPTER_V">The Captivity</a>,</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_38">38</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">VI.</td> - <td><a href="#CHAPTER_VI">To the Rescue</a>,</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_48">48</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">VII.</td> - <td><a href="#CHAPTER_VII">Military Movements</a>,</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_51">51</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">VIII.</td> - <td><a href="#CHAPTER_VIII">Reward Offered</a>,</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_54">54</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">IX.</td> - <td><a href="#CHAPTER_IX">The Captive Girls</a>,</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_59">59</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">X.</td> - <td><a href="#CHAPTER_X">Ransomed</a>,</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_66">66</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">XI.</td> - <td><a href="#CHAPTER_XI">Royally Welcomed</a>,</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_81">81</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">XII.</td> - <td><a href="#CHAPTER_XII">Homeward Bound</a>,</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_90">90</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">XIII.</td> - <td><a href="#CHAPTER_XIII">Romance and History</a>,</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_95">95</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">XIV.</td> - <td><a href="#CHAPTER_XIV">Shabona</a>,</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_106">106</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">XV.</td> - <td><a href="#CHAPTER_XV">Comee and Toquamee,</a></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_111">111</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="2"><a href="#INDEX">Index</a></td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_114">114</a></td> - </tr> -</table> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_8">8</span></p> -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_9">9</span></p> - -<h2 id="CHAPTER_I">CHAPTER I.<br /> - -<span class="large">DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTRY.</span></h2> - -<p>In its natural condition, perhaps no more attractive -country ever laid before the eyes of -man than that in which occurred the incidents -of the following narrative. On the south it is -bordered by the Illinois river, with its historical -events beginning with the old Kaskaskia Mission -established by Father Marquette in 1673 -amidst the most beautiful scenery in the whole -state of Illinois, which is now included in -Starved Rock State Park.</p> - -<p>What memories cluster around old Kaskaskia! -As the first capital of Illinois, it was visited -by Gen. La Fayette and Presidents Jackson, -Lincoln, Taylor and Harrison; by Jefferson -Davis, Gen. Albert Sidney Johnson, and by -nearly every other man who was prominent in -United States history prior to 1837, when -Springfield became the state capital.</p> - -<p>On the east for more than one hundred miles -the Fox river, with its source in a beautiful -lake near Waukesha, Wisconsin, flows south -into the Illinois at Ottawa. Westward the great -prairie stretches off to and beyond the Rock -river which has eroded a narrow valley through -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_10">10</span> -that otherwise flat plain. Besides Rock river -the only important streams that lay in the -course of travel of the Hall girls as prisoners, -were the Sycamore (South Kishwaukee) and -the Kishwaukee in Illinois, and Turtle Creek, -the Bark River and the Oconomowoc in Wisconsin.</p> - -<p>We are told by geologists that during the -quaternary age of the world, a great ice-berg, -moving down from the north, crushed all the -trees and vegetation in its path, leveled most -of the hills and filled most of the valleys as far -south as the Ohio River. When that body of ice -melted it formed lakes in the depressions which -were not filled with till. Drumlins, eskers and -kames, here and there, remain to indicate either -the resistance of the prior formation or that -quantities of earth filled the uneven under surface -of the ice at the time of its dissolution.</p> - -<p>By the action of the atmosphere, rains and -dew, as centuries rolled on, vegetation sprang -up all over that great plain, and springs to supply -the greatest necessity of living things, broke -forth and flowed in streams that united into -rivers as they rolled on to the sea. Along the -streams were forests of trees—including many -species of the oak, ash, sycamore, elm, sugar -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_11">11</span> -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_12">12</span> -maple, locust, hickory, walnut, butternut, linden, -cherry, buckeye, blackberry and many -other familiar varieties. Also, here and there -stood groves that escaped the terrible prairie -fires that almost every year swept over that -vast plain.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i013.jpg" -alt="" /> -<p class="caption">A PRAIRIE FIRE—MC KENNEY.</p> -</div> - -<p>Game of many kinds, from the monstrous buffalo -and timid deer down to the rabbit, the turkey, -the prairie chicken, and the quail, was -abundant.</p> - -<p>Last, and by no means least, was the beautiful -flora of that country which was known as -“The Paradise of the West.”<a id="FNanchor_1" href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">1</a> A traveler who -saw it in its natural condition, describes it as -follows: “Above all countries, this is the land -of flowers. In the season, every prairie is an -immense flower garden. In the early stages of -spring flowers, the prevalent tint is peach bluish; -the next is a deeper red; then succeeds the -yellow; and to the latest period of autumn the -prairies exhibit a brilliant golden, scarlet and -blue carpet, mingled with the green and brown -ripened grass.”<a id="FNanchor_2" href="#Footnote_2" class="fnanchor">2</a></p> - -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">“Sweet waves the sea of summer flowers<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Around our wayside cot so coy,<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Where Eileen sings away the hours<br /></span> -<span class="i0">That light my task in Illinois.”—McGee.<br /></span> -</div></div> -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_1" href="#FNanchor_1" class="label">1</a> -6 Wis. Hist. Col., 421; 10 Wis. Hist. Col., 246-7.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_2" href="#FNanchor_2" class="label">2</a> -“Western Portraiture,” Colton, 221.</p></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_13">13</span></p> - -<h2 id="CHAPTER_II">CHAPTER II.<br /> - -<span class="large">INDIAN TROUBLES.</span></h2> - -<p>When the first white man settled in Illinois, -the Mascoutin Indians occupied the lands between -the Illinois River and the waterway -formed by the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers from -Green Bay to Prairie du Chien. Later the Sacs, -the Foxes, and the Pottawatamies, occupied the -territory and had many villages. There were -no national boundary lines. A prominent route -of travel was the Kishwaukee Trail from Watseca -in Eastern Illinois up the Kankakee to -where it flows into the Illinois, and thence in -a northwesterly direction to the mouth of the -Kishwaukee on Rock River, about six miles below -Rockford. Dixon was the great center of -trails. The principal one was from Kaskaskia -by way of Dixon to Galena, Illinois. Numerous -other trails connected prominent points and -various Indian villages.</p> - -<p>In 1804 a treaty was made with the Sacs and -Foxes at St. Louis, of which the principal provision -were as follows:</p> - -<p>“Article 1. The United States receive the -united Sac and Fox tribes into their friendship -and protection and the said tribes agree to consider -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_14">14</span> -themselves under the protection of the -United States, and no other power whatsoever.</p> - -<p>“Article 2. The General boundary line between -the land of the United States and the said -Indian tribes shall be as follows, to-wit: Beginning -at a point on the Missouri River opposite -to the mouth of the Gasconde River; thence, -in a direct course so as to strike the River Jeffreon -to the Mississippi; thence, up the Mississippi -to the mouth of the Ouisconsing [Wisconsin] -River, and up the same to a point which -shall be 36 miles in a direct line from the mouth -of the said river, thence, by a direct line to the -point where the Fox River (a branch of the -Illinois) leaves the small lake called Sakaegan; -thence, down the Fox River to the Illinois -River, and down the same to the Mississippi. -And the said tribes, for and in consideration of -the friendship and protection of the United -States, which is now extended to them, of the -goods (to the value of two thousand two hundred -and thirty-four dollars and fifty cents) -which are now delivered, and of the annuity -hereinafter stipulated to be paid, do hereby -cede and relinquish forever, to the United -States, all the lands included within the above -described boundary. -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_15">15</span></p> - -<p>“Article 3. In consideration of the cession -and relinquishment of land made in the preceding -article, the United States will deliver to the -said tribes, at the town of St. Louis, or some -other convenient place on the Mississippi, yearly -and every year, goods suited to the circumstances -of the Indians of the value of one thousand -dollars (six hundred of which are intended -for the Sacs and four hundred for the Foxes), -reckoning that value at the first cost of the -goods in the City or place in the United States, -where they shall be procured. And if the said -tribes shall hereafter at an annual delivery of -the goods aforesaid, desire that a part of their -annuity should be furnished in domestic animals, -implements of husbandry, and other utensils, -convenient for them, or in compensation to -useful artificers, who may reside with or near -them, and be employed for their benefit, the -same shall, at the subsequent annual delivery, -be furnished accordingly.</p> - -<p>“Article 4. The United States will never interrupt -the said tribes in the possession of the -lands, which they rightfully claim, but will, on -the contrary, protect them in the quiet enjoyment -of the same against their own citizens and -against all other white persons, who may intrude -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_16">16</span> -upon them. And the said tribes do hereby -engage that they will never sell their lands, -or any part thereof, to any sovereign power but -the United States, nor to the citizens or subjects -of any other sovereign power, nor to the citizens -of the United States.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>“Article 7. As long as the lands which are -now ceded to the United States remain their -[U. S.] property, the Indians belonging to the -said tribes shall enjoy the privileges of living -and hunting upon them.”<a id="FNanchor_3" href="#Footnote_3" class="fnanchor">3</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_3" href="#FNanchor_3" class="label">3</a> -“Indian Affairs, Laws and Treaties”, 174.</p></div> - -<p>The Chippewas, the Winnebagos, and the -Pottawatamies, made claim to the same territory. -Even the Foxes and Sacs claimed that -the young chiefs who signed the treaty, were -made drunk, and while in that condition agreed -to the treaty.<a id="FNanchor_4" href="#Footnote_4" class="fnanchor">4</a> Also, the Indians maintained -that the United States would not allow them to -hunt upon the “wild” lands, notwithstanding -Art. 7 of the treaty and that the title thereto -was still in the government. Therefore, the Indians -refused to ratify the treaty, and the idea -that they were grievously wronged became a -fixed notion in the minds of the old chiefs, -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_17">17</span> -which led to the Red Bird War of 1827, and the -still greater Black Hawk War in 1832.<a id="FNanchor_5" href="#Footnote_5" class="fnanchor">5</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_4" href="#FNanchor_4" class="label">4</a> -Black Hawk’s Autobiography, Le Claire, Ch. 3. -12 “The Republic”, Irelan, 68.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_5" href="#FNanchor_5" class="label">5</a> -3 Smith’s “History of Wisconsin” (1854), 115 et -seq.; “Waubun,” Kinzie, 381.</p></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i019.jpg" -alt="" /> -<p class="caption">BLACK HAWK AS A WARRIOR.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_18">18</span></p> - -<p>Black Hawk had fought with the English in -the War of 1812, and by reason of the defeat of -the English, including his own, he retained his -natural desire for revenge against the Americans. -He was born at Rock Island, and had as -strong love for his native place as was ever retained -by any white man. When Illinois became -a state in 1818, Black Hawk with all his -people was ordered to move across the Mississippi -into Iowa, which he reluctantly obeyed. -However, he was never satisfied with his new -location, and in 1832 he again crossed the Mississippi -with four hundred warriors and all -their squaws and children and squatted on his -former possessions at Rock Island. He was -ordered back to Iowa, but refused to go until -he learned that troops were being sent against -him. With all his people he retired north along -Rock River, followed by the Illinois militia, -and when he reached a point about twenty-five -miles south of Rockford, he halted and held a -council of war with chiefs of the Pottawatomies -and Winnebagoes, where he delivered the following -speech:</p> - -<p>“I was born at the Sac Village, and here I -spent my childhood, youth and manhood. I -liked to look on this place with its surroundings -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_19">19</span> -of big rivers, shady groves and green prairies. -Here are the graves of my father and some of -my children. Here I expected to live and die -and lay my bones beside those near and dear -to me; but now in my old age I have been -driven from my home, and dare not look again -upon this loved spot.”</p> - -<p>The old chief choked with grief and tears -flowed down his cheeks. Covering his face in -his blanket, he remained silent for a few moments. -Then wiping away his tears, he continued:</p> - -<p>“Before many moons you, too, will be compelled -to leave your homes. The haunts of your -youth, your villages, your corn fields, and your -hunting grounds, will be in the possession of -the whites, and by them the graves of your -fathers will be plowed up, while your people -will be retreating towards the setting sun to -find new homes beyond the Father of Waters. -We have been as brothers; we fought side by -side in the British war; we hunted together and -slept under the same blanket; we have met at -councils and at religious feasts; our people are -alike and our interests are the same.”<a id="FNanchor_6" href="#Footnote_6" class="fnanchor">6</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_6" href="#FNanchor_6" class="label">6</a> -Memories of Shaubena, 98.</p></div> - -<p>On the 14th day of May, 1832, the militia -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_20">20</span> -under Major Stillman arrived within eight miles -of the camp of Black Hawk who sent three -Indians under a flag of truce to negotiate a -treaty with the whites. The wily chief also -sent five other Indians to a point where they -could watch the unarmed braves carrying the -white flag. Stillman’s men refusing to recognize -the white flag set upon the Indians, killed -one and captured the others, and then set off -after the other five who held their guns crosswise -over their heads as a sign of friendship. -The whites killed two of the five and chased -the others into Black Hawk’s camp. Then the -Indians set upon Stillman’s army, cut it to -pieces, and chased the scattered remnants for -many miles. The place of that battle is known -as “Stillman’s Run.”<a id="FNanchor_7" href="#Footnote_7" class="fnanchor">7</a> The disgrace of the entire -affair has been a dark blot upon the white -man’s bravery and his manner of dealing with -the Indians. Up to this time the Indians had -committed no crime nor act of war against the -whites.<a id="FNanchor_8" href="#Footnote_8" class="fnanchor">8</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_7" href="#FNanchor_7" class="label">7</a> -“Life of Albert Sidney Johnston,” Johnston, 35.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_8" href="#FNanchor_8" class="label">8</a> -12 Wis. Hist. Col., 230; “History of Indiana,” -Esarey, 323; “The Black Hawk War,” 129-144.</p></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i023.jpg" -alt="" /> -<p class="caption">BLACK HAWK AS A CIVILIAN.</p> -</div> - -<p>Immediately after the engagement Black -Hawk called another council of his braves, at -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_21">21</span> -which it was determined to fight to the last and -to send out small bands of Indians to the various -white settlements to destroy them. Among -the great warriors present at that council was -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_22">22</span> -the celebrated Chief Shabona (Shab-eh-ney)<a id="FNanchor_9" href="#Footnote_9" class="fnanchor">9</a> -who fought beside Tecumseh at his down-fall at -the battle of the Thames. Shabona pleaded -with the Indian chiefs to give up the war and -to return to Iowa, and when they refused to do -so, he, his son Pypagee, and his nephew Pyps, -mounted ponies and rode to the various white -settlements and notified the people of the danger -of the Indians. The first horse with which -Shabona started, dropped dead under him; -but he obtained another horse from a farmer -and rode day and night until he had warned -the whites at all the settlements.</p> - -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">“Lo, the poor Indian! whose untutored mind<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Sees God in the clouds, or hears Him in the wind.”<br /></span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="author">—Pope.<br /></span> -</div></div> -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_9" href="#FNanchor_9" class="label">9</a> -7 Wis. Hist. Col., 323, 415; “The Black Hawk War,” -Stevens, 160.</p></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_23">23</span></p> - -<h2 id="CHAPTER_III">CHAPTER III.<br /> - -<span class="large">THE DAVIS SETTLEMENT.</span></h2> - -<p>The father of our heroines, William Hall, -who was born in Georgia, migrated to Kentucky -where he married Mary J. Wilburs, and -in 1825 emigrated to Mackinaw, about fifteen -miles south of Peoria, Illinois, where he opened -a farm. Shortly afterwards he moved to the -lead mines near Galena where he staid three -years, and then returned to Lamoille, Bureau -County, Illinois. In the spring of 1832 he sold -out his mining claim and settled upon a homestead -about two miles east of the farm of William -Davis. Prior to that time his oldest -daughter, Temperance, had been married to -Peter Cartwright, but the other members of his -family, consisting of his wife, three daughters—Sylvia, -aged 19, Rachel, aged 17, and Elizabeth, -aged 8 years, and two boys, were living -with him. Some time prior to the massacre, -two Indians named Co-mee and To-qua-mee, -who had been frequent visitors at the Hall -home and treated kindly by Mr. Hall’s daughters, -endeavored, after the custom of the Indians, -to purchase Sylvia and Rachel from their -father.<a id="FNanchor_10" href="#Footnote_10" class="fnanchor">10</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_10" href="#FNanchor_10" class="label">10</a> -“The Black Hawk War,” Stevens, 149.</p></div> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_24">24</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i026.jpg" -alt="" /> -<p class="caption">MRS. DUNAVAN, AGED 16, LIKENESS OF -SYLVIA HALL.</p> -</div> - -<p>The Halls were noted for their hospitality. -Judge Edwin Jerome of Detroit relates that he -was the guest of the family one night in April -1832.<a id="FNanchor_11" href="#Footnote_11" class="fnanchor">11</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_11" href="#FNanchor_11" class="label">11</a> -1 “Michigan Pioneers”, Jerome, 49.</p></div> - -<p>William Pettigrew, also from Kentucky, who -had just migrated to the Davis Settlement and -had not yet established a home for himself, with -his wife and two children, was temporarily -stopping at the home of Mr. Davis at the time -of the massacre. -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_25">25</span></p> - -<p>In 1830, John H. Henderson emigrated from -Tennessee to Indian Creek and settled on a -homestead adjoining the land of Davis on the -south. Subsequently the Hendersons became -prominent politicians, both in Illinois and Iowa.</p> - -<p>In the spring of 1830, William Davis, a Kentuckian, -and a blacksmith by trade, settled on -a land claim on Big Indian Creek, twelve miles -north of Ottawa, in the northern part of La -Salle County, Illinois. He was the first white -settler at that place.</p> - -<p>Agriculture and marriage have always been -the great necessities to found permanent civilization. -To establish a settlement in the great -west, at that time, a blacksmith shop and a mill -were the next two great necessities, and around -those the early settlers broke up the wild prairie -and on the upturned sod sowed buckwheat, turnips -and sod-corn, which within three months -produced their first food from the soil for themselves -and their stock. To “break” the tough -prairie sod required a sharp plowshare and colter, -which had to be resharpened frequently. -Without the blacksmith the prairie could hardly -be cultivated. The big ox-teams of the neighbors, -with which they had moved into the country, -pulled the plow. Next, with the crop produced, -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_26">26</span> -the grist mill to grind the grain was a -great necessity. The Indians and some of the -early settlers with hammers and stones pulverized -corn and wheat enough to supply their absolute -wants from day to day, but the whites, -who had been accustomed to corn-meal and -wheat-flour bread, were not satisfied with the -mashed product. Therefore, Davis, who supplied -both of those great necessities, was a -prominent man in the Davis Settlement.</p> - -<p>The mill-site was where the Sauk trail from -Black Hawk’s Village at the mouth of the Rock -River crossed Big Indian Creek and continued -thence east to Canada, where the whole tribe -of Sacs went every year to get their annuities -from the English Government.<a id="FNanchor_12" href="#Footnote_12" class="fnanchor">12</a> Just above the -ford the creek meandered through a flat-bottomed -gulch that was about two hundred feet -wide with precipitous banks about fifteen feet -high. At this point the stream flowed southeasterly -and was fringed along its course with -woods that grew dense, and here and there expanded -into groves, but at other places there -were openings where the prairie fires annually -destroyed the undergrowth and left standing -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_27">27</span> -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_28">28</span> -only the monarchs of the forest. The north -bank of the gulch had an incline of about forty-five -degrees to the level of the prairie. On that -bank in a sparsely timbered opening from which -the prairie stretched off to the cardinal points -of the compass, William Davis located his home -and erected his cabin. About that cabin there -were trees that produced fruit, fuel and lumber, -among whose branches were singing birds -of great variety, including the Cardinal, the -Dickcissel, the Carolina Wren, the Thrush and -the Robin. By May the bank was covered with -a carpet of thick, waving grass, diversified with -ever-changing colored flowers, until the cruel -frost of Fall destroyed them. It was an -idyllic spot. No doubt Davis hoped that some -day the Davis Settlement would become Davis -City, and that his generations would revel in -mansions that would replace the cottage on the -bank of that new Jordan, where he, like King -David, in his old age might kneel among his -people to pray.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_12" href="#FNanchor_12" class="label">12</a> -Blanchard’s History of Illinois, 122, and Historical -Map.</p></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i029.jpg" -alt="" /> -<p class="caption">SHABONA PARK, SHOWING MILL POND AND STATE MONUMENT.</p> -</div> - -<p>However, the hopes and aspirations of the -Davis family were soon to be blasted. Davis -was a powerful man and his Kentucky blood -fairly boiled with resentment at any offense, -particularly one given by an Indian, upon whom -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_29">29</span> -he looked as an inferior. With his gun and -bowie knife Davis would fight a dozen Indians—aye, -a score. It seemed as though he could -play with them in the air as an athlete plays -with Indian clubs.</p> - -<p>About one hundred and fifty feet south of -his cottage, Davis erected a blacksmith shop -and a mill. To obtain water power for his mill -it became necessary for Davis to put a dam -across the stream. Six miles farther up Indian -Creek there was an Indian village, and as the -fish naturally went up the stream every spring, -there was good fishing at the village for the -Indians. The dam prevented the fish from going -up, and the Indians protested against this -invasion of their rights. Davis, however, insisted -on his rights to build and maintain the -dam, and bad feelings were engendered.</p> - -<p>One day in April, 1832, Davis discovered an -Indian tearing an outlet in the dam, and with -a hickory stick he beat the Indian unmercifully.<a id="FNanchor_13" href="#Footnote_13" class="fnanchor">13</a> -Had he killed the Indian it might have -ended the affair; but to whip an Indian with a -stick as you would whip a dog, was an insult -that incurred the resentment of the whole Indian -village, and instilled in the Indian a rankling -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_30">30</span> -desire for revenge. The incident, however, -was settled by Chief Shabona with the assistance -of another Indian chief named Waubansee, -who advised the Indians not to resort to forceful -reparation and to do their fishing below the -dam. The Indians followed Shabona’s advice -for some time, but after a while Davis noticed -that they ceased to go below the dam to fish, -and being quite familiar with the Indian character, -he took it as an intimation of their anger, -and he prepared for hostilities.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_13" href="#FNanchor_13" class="label">13</a> -Black Hawk’s Autobiography, Le Claire, Ch. XII.</p></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i032.jpg" -alt="" /> -<p class="caption">CHIEF SHABONA.</p> -</div> -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_31">31</span></p> - -<h2 id="CHAPTER_IV">CHAPTER IV.<br /> - -<span class="large">THE MASSACRE.</span></h2> - -<p>The year 1831 was known to early settlers in -Illinois as “The Dry Year.” There was little -rain and there were long spells of great heat, so -that vegetation was parched and the crop a -failure. The season of 1832 was just the opposite.<a id="FNanchor_14" href="#Footnote_14" class="fnanchor">14</a> -During the first half of the month of -May there were numerous heavy thunder storms -with intervals of hot weather that made the -grass and flowers grow very rapidly, but delayed -the farmers in their planting. Also, the -several Indian scares interrupted the settlers in -their regular work in the fields.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_14" href="#FNanchor_14" class="label">14</a> -“Historic Illinois,” Parish, 258.</p></div> - -<p>As already stated, immediately after the -breaking up of the Indian council after the defeat -of Stillman, Shabona rode in post haste to -the Davis Settlement and warned the people of -the danger of an Indian massacre. The whites -loaded on their wagons such articles as could -be readily handled, and drove to Ottawa, the -nearest fort, where there was a garrison of soldiers.</p> - -<p>The Indians did not make the expected raid, -and slowly the settlers returned to their homesteads. -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_32">32</span> -During this retreat some of the people -tantalized Davis for running away from the -Indians, and his reply was that he would never -do so again.</p> - -<p>On Monday morning, May 21st, Shabona -again rode to the Davis Settlement and warned -the whites that there was immediate danger of -a massacre. At this time it happened that Davis -was at Ottawa on some business when Shabona -called. However, his family and the neighbors -hastily loaded their furniture and other movable -articles on wagons, and hurriedly drove off -to Ottawa. They had almost reached the fort -when they met Davis, who ordered his own family -to return, and urged the return of his immediate -neighbors, inviting them all to go to his -place where they would be perfectly safe. The -Halls, Hendersons and Pettigrews, with two -farm hands named Henry George and Robert -Norris, reluctantly returned with Davis, and -arrived at his cottage about noon.</p> - -<p>After dinner John W. Henderson, Alexander -Davis and a younger son of William Davis, Edward -and Greenbury Hall, and Allen Howard, -went to a field about one hundred rods south of -the Davis cottage, to plant corn. In the middle -of the afternoon William Hall, John W. Hall, -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_33">33</span> -Robert Norris, Henry George and William -Davis, Jr., who were working on the mill-dam, -gathered into the blacksmith shop where Davis -was repairing his gun, to get a drink from a -pail of water which had been brought from a -nearby spring. All the loaded guns and the -ammunition were in the dwelling house, where -Pettigrew, with his baby in his arms, was chatting -with the ladies who were sewing by the -open door. The afternoon was very hot and -was not inspiring to great exertion. The furniture -which had been loaded to drive to Ottawa, -was still on the wagons that stood in the yard. -The perfume of the blooming flowers filled the -air which was rich in its freshness after the -many days of rain and lightning. All nature -seemed to instill in the little Davis Settlement a -feeling of safety or at least to relieve them from -alarm during the daytime. With the coming -darkness, no doubt, they would have all gathered -into the little cottage and some of the men -would have stood guard with their guns to -watch for Indians.</p> - -<p>About four o’clock a party of sixty to seventy -Indians suddenly leaped over the garden fence, -filled the yard, and part of them rushed towards -the house. Mr. Pettigrew leaped forward to -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_34">34</span> -close the door, but was instantly shot dead. -Through the open door the Indians rushed with -spears, and hatchets, and guns, filling the little -cottage. There was no place to hide and no -chance for the whites to escape. In her despair -Mrs. Pettigrew threw her arms around Rachel -Hall and was killed by a shot so close to Rachel -as to blacken her face with the powder. Rachel -jumped upon the bed, which only placed her in -view of more Indians and increased the danger -of being shot.</p> - -<p>The piteous screams of the women and children -were terrifying. The Indians stuck them -with spears and hacked them with tomahawks -without feeling or mercy, and as they fell each -victim’s scalp was cut off with a big knife.</p> - -<p>An Indian grabbed Pettigrew’s baby by the -legs, rushed out doors, swung the child over -his head, and dashed its brains out against a -stump in the yard. There, also, an Indian on -each side held the youngest Davis boy by his -hands, the little lad standing pale and silent, -and a third Indian shot him dead. As his limp -body fell, an Indian scalped him.</p> - -<p>In a few moments all the whites in the house -excepting Sylvia and Rachel Hall, namely: Mrs. -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_35">35</span> -Wm. Hall, aged forty-five years, her daughter -Elizabeth, aged eight years, Wm. Pettigrew, -his wife and two children, and Mrs. Wm. Davis -and her five children, were killed.</p> - -<p>The sudden appearance of the Indians bewildered -the men who were in the blacksmith shop, -as they were cut off from their guns and ammunition. -Young Davis slipped behind the shop -and thence escaped down the creek. The others -rushed towards the house and were met by a -volley of shots. William Hall, whose breast was -pierced by two bullets, with a prayer on his lips, -fell dead at his son John’s feet. Davis called -out to John Hall to “Take care!” and then -tried to escape to the woods. Notwithstanding -his prowess and that he made a desperate fight -for his life by using his unloaded gun as a club, -he was in a short time so overcome by Indian -warriors with their spears and tomahawks that -with innumerable wounds he sank dead in his -yard. John Hall was so paralyzed by the awful -carnage, that for a moment he did not move -from where his father lay. He watched the Indians -reloading their guns, then as a man awakening -from a night-mare he jumped down the -high bank and a volley of bullets passed over -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_36">36</span> -his head. By hugging closely to the bank next -the Indians, he scrambled hastily down the -stream and then ran as he never ran before, -thus escaping. Norris and George slid down -the bank and attempted to cross the creek, but -a volley of bullets from the Indians killed one -of them as he was climbing the bank, his body -falling back into the creek, and the other fell -on the green sward above.</p> - -<p>John W. Henderson, two sons of Wm. Davis -and two sons of Wm. Hall, who were at work -in the cornfield when the Indians made the attack -upon the Davis cottage, comprehending the -situation, hastily fled to Ottawa. They had sped -only about two miles when John W. Hall overtook -them. By reason of his scudding from -death in the great heat and his excited condition, -John’s account of the massacre was incoherently -told with uncontrolled emotions of -grief and rage. Believing that the Indians -were pursuing, he did not check his speed, but -urged the others to extra efforts until they -reached the fort.</p> - -<p>Sylvia and Rachel Hall were each seized by -two Indians who dragged them out of the cottage -to the yard where the final acts of the massacre -were taking place. -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_37">37</span></p> - -<p>In their fiendish desire for revenge for Stillman’s -treachery and to terrify the whites, the -Indians cut out the hearts of some of the slain -and otherwise mutilated their bodies. Of all -the whites none but Rachel and Sylvia Hall remained -alive to witness the closing act of the -horrible tragedy. As they saw scattered in the -yard the bodies of their murdered parents, their -sister, and their neighbors—sixteen in all, the -girls were stupefied with horror. The wonder -is that the shock did not kill both of them.</p> - -<p>The massacre has been described so often, and -is so sickening in its particulars, that we drop -the curtain on the tragic scene.<a id="FNanchor_15" href="#Footnote_15" class="fnanchor">15</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_15" href="#FNanchor_15" class="label">15</a> -3 Smith’s “History of Wisconsin”, 187; “History -of La Salle County,” Baldwin, 95; “The Black Hawk -War,” Stevens, 150; “Memories of Shabona,” Matson, -145-155; <i>Ottawa Journal</i>, Aug. 30, 1906; 12 Transactions -Ill. State Hist. Soc., 332; Ford’s History of -Illinois, 122.</p></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_38">38</span></p> - -<h2 id="CHAPTER_V">CHAPTER V.<br /> - -<span class="large">THE CAPTIVITY.</span></h2> - -<p>A person never knows what he would do -under conditions and circumstances never before -experienced: a mother who would flee from -a cow, would, to protect her child, fight a tiger -without thought of her own safety; a timid -deer that would flee from a baby, when its -nature is changed by a serious wound will fight -a hunter to death; a soldier’s nature becomes so -changed in battle that he obeys orders like an -automaton and in his efforts to kill men exerts -himself until the sweat rolls down his face as it -would down the face of a harvest hand mowing -grass.</p> - -<p>Sylvia and Rachel Hall, who in the peace of -their home would faint at the sight of blood, -had their nature so changed during the slaughter -and mutilation of their dear relatives and -friends that they viewed the scene with horror -that almost paralyzed them and put them in a -psychological condition of mental aberration.</p> - -<p>The spell of lethargy was rudely broken when -the girls were dragged off as captives, first to -the creek, and, after Rachel had been pulled -half way across the stream, then back again to -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_39">39</span> -the yard. There two Indians, each seizing one -of Sylvia’s hands, and two others taking Rachel -in a similar manner, hustled the girls northward -along the easterly side of the creek. The -girls were soon in unknown lands through -which they were tugged on, and on, not knowing -whither nor to what fate. Did they cry? -Of course they did; strong men would have -wept under similar circumstances. Did they -pray? Yes; but their prayers were not like the -Pharisee’s: they prayed with an intense feeling -from the bottom of their hearts and with all -the power of their souls. Were their prayers -answered? Were they? Read on, read on!</p> - -<p>After being hustled and half dragged about -a mile and a half, they came to where a number -of horses were tied in the edge of a grove. Here -they met friends: horses belonging to their -father and their neighbors. The horses pricked -up their ears, looked at the girls and whinnied—returning -the girls’ recognition. If the girls -could have mounted two of these friendly animals -that were bred in Kentucky they might -have ridden to freedom; but it was not so to be.</p> - -<p>The Indians put each girl on a pony furnished -with an Indian saddle and led by a warrior. -Thus they traveled on, keeping due north. -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_40">40</span> -After the sun had set the additional terror of -darkness was enveloping them. Occasionally a -night-hawk would break the awful silence by -swooping down from his great height with his -accustomed “Boo-oo-oo,” and a whippoor-will -would add his monotonous whistle from a decayed -log in the adjacent woods. Otherwise, it -was as solemn a procession as ever moved to the -grave, and only for the crack of his whip and -an occasional “ugh” from an Indian there was -little to attract attention until they passed a -large grove on their left. The girls had heard -of Shabona’s Grove. Was this that historical -sylvan place? Would Shabona come to their -relief? He had saved them and their friends -before, and if it had not been for the obstinacy -of Davis they would not have been in their -awful predicament. But the chief, worn out -and tired from his long wild ride of the night -before and asleep in his tent, was unconscious -of the passing of that strange and unusual procession.</p> - -<p>Hour after hour passed as the girls rode along -weary and heart-sick on that dark night, with -nothing but the stars to light their way, and not -a ray of hope in their hearts. The head waters -of Indian creek and of the Somonauk had been -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_41">41</span> -passed and the source of the Sycamore was -reached just as the moon was rising, 51 minutes -after twelve o’clock.<a id="FNanchor_16" href="#Footnote_16" class="fnanchor">16</a> Here the first stop -was made and the girls were allowed to rest on -some blankets on which they sat together, not -daring to lie down to sleep. The Indians -holding their ponies by the bridles, danced a -little, but nothing was said that would indicate -their intent, either as to the place of destination -or what they intended to do with their captives. -As the girls could not speak the Indian -language or understand it, there was little medium -of communication between them and the -Indians. Their feelings of sorrow for their murdered -relatives mixed with the uncertainty of -their own fate, and their disheveled hair and -soiled cheeks through which their tears washed -courses, made them objects of woeful misery. -Oh! if the girls could only wash their faces, -which were stained with powder and the blood -of their dear friends, or even in their sorrow -comb each other’s hair as they had often done -at their father’s cottage, it would have refreshed -them, and, to some extent, relieved their -distress.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_16" href="#FNanchor_16" class="label">16</a> -Washington Observatory Record; “Old Farmer’s -Almanac,” 1832.</p></div> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_42">42</span></p> - -<p>About half-past three o’clock in the morning -of May 22nd, the girls were replaced on the -ponies, the Indians remounted, and once more -the train proceeded in its former order, with -Indians before, on the sides, and in the rear of -the girls. They passed groves, here and there, -and hour after hour, with tiresome monotony, -they moved along.</p> - -<p>After the sun had lapped the dew, it grew -very warm and Rachel became weary almost to -collapse. She thought that if she could walk -for a little while it would give her relief, notwithstanding -her weak condition from fasting -and worry. She did not know the language of -the Indians, but necessity finds a way: she made -signs of distress and indicated that she wanted -to walk. The Indians understood her and assisted -her from her pony. This little act of -gallantry gave her the first indication of their -human sympathy and inspired her with some -confidence in their honor.</p> - -<p>Limp and staggering, she managed to keep -pace with the procession. When they reached -the Kishwaukee there was no hesitation and all -plunged into the stream. Rachel, who had not -been replaced on her pony, was forced to wade -across through water three feet deep. -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_43">43</span></p> - -<p>It was now about two o’clock in the afternoon -and a stop was made about twenty-five miles -easterly from Stillman’s Run, on the west of -a large grove, to allow the ponies to graze on -the bank of the river. Here they remained for -about two hours. The Indians scalded some -beans and roasted some acorns, of which they -ate heartily and offered portions to the girls, -who tried to eat so as not to offend the Indians.</p> - -<p>After the Indians had finished their lunch -they busied themselves in stretching on little -hoops the scalps that they had taken in the -massacre at Indian Creek. The girls immediately -recognized the scalps of some of their -friends, particularly the scalp of their mother. -The sight caused Sylvia to faint. Limp and unconscious -she lay beside her sister, who by the -incident was again put into her former psychic -condition, being oblivious to everything about -her excepting her sister’s care. The subconscious -thought that she had to protect Sylvia -inspired her with superhuman strength as well -as the fighting spirit of a lioness. If Sylvia -should die! what then? If she should be unable -to travel, would the Indians kill her? What torture -of mind Rachel must have suffered!</p> - -<p>About four o’clock Sylvia regained her consciousness, -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_44">44</span> -to the great relief of Rachel who recovered -her normal condition of mind. By this -time the Indians had gathered their horses, and -replacing the girls on the ponies that they had -been riding, all moved forward leisurely.</p> - -<p>Shortly after starting a detachment of the -Indians was sent out to scout to the westward, -and after being gone some time they returned -apparently excited, and immediately the procession -assumed a double-quick, during which the -Indian guards in the rear held their spears -poised, as though they expected an attack. -After traveling in that manner for about five -miles, the Indians resumed their composure and -slackened their speed to a walking pace.</p> - -<p>Had the Indians seen some of Gen. Whiteside’s -scouts? Had they learned that a detachment -of Illinois Militia, of which Abraham Lincoln -was a member, was moving towards them up -the Kishwaukee?<a id="FNanchor_17" href="#Footnote_17" class="fnanchor">17</a> Or, were the Indians pursued -by the friends of the girls?</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_17" href="#FNanchor_17" class="label">17</a> -XII Wis. Hist. Col., 241, 242; “The Black Hawk -War.” 146.</p></div> - -<p>If the whites should attack the Indians, Sylvia -and Rachel feared that they would share the -fate of their relatives and friends at the Davis -Settlement. Therefore, when the excitement of -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_45">45</span> -the Indians subsided, a feeling of relief from -danger of immediate death calmed the girls.</p> - -<p>The extra exertion during the scare caused -the pony that Sylvia was riding to give out, and -it was abandoned. Sylvia was then placed behind -an Indian on a fine horse belonging to Mr. -Henderson, which, like the girls, had been taken -captive at Indian Creek. Thus they traveled, -on and on, until about nine o’clock in the evening -when they arrived at Black Hawk’s Grove -on the east side of the present city of Janesville, -Wisconsin, where the whole of Black Hawk’s -tribe was encamped.<a id="FNanchor_18" href="#Footnote_18" class="fnanchor">18</a> During twenty-eight -hours the girls had traveled about eighty miles -from the place of their capture, and were worn -out almost beyond description. No one can -fully comprehend their condition without reflecting -upon that extremely long ride on horseback, -without food or drink, mourning their -dead, and tortured with the worry over their -future fate.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_18" href="#FNanchor_18" class="label">18</a> -Hist. of Rock Co., by Gurnsey & Willard, 19; 14 -Wis. Hist. Col., 129; 6 Wis. Hist. Col., 422.</p></div> - -<p>On their arrival at Black Hawk’s Grove there -was great rejoicing at the Indian camp. Several -squaws hurried to the girls, assisted them -off their horses, and conducted them to the center -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_46">46</span> -of the camp where they had prepared a -comfortable place in the form of beds of animal -skins and blankets. Also, the squaws brought -in wooden bowls, parched corn, meal and maple-sugar -mixed, which they invited the girls to -eat. More through fear than appetite, the girls -partook of the food, although it was disgusting -to them.</p> - -<p>The squaws requested the girls to throw on -the fire particles of food and some tobacco -which they handed them. The girls complied -with the request of their dusky hosts, although -they did not know for what purpose it was required. -As a matter of fact, it was a common -practice among the Indian tribes to make the -offering of food and tobacco to their gods in -case of escape from death or as thanks for some -extraordinary good fortune.<a id="FNanchor_19" href="#Footnote_19" class="fnanchor">19</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_19" href="#FNanchor_19" class="label">19</a> -2 “Indian Tribes of U. S.”, Drake, 68, 72; 6 Schoolcraft’s, -“History of Indian Tribes of the U. S.”, 83, 88.</p></div> - -<p>The squaws requested Sylvia and Rachel to -lie down on separate beds, and then a squaw lay -on each side of each of the girls, so that there -was no chance for escape. Thus abed, they had -a night of confused, disordered sleep, in which -visions of their friends and the scenes of the -massacre haunted them almost continually. The -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_47">47</span> -squaws endeavored to soothe the girls, but they -could not take the place of that mother who in -their childish nightmares would say to them: -“My dears, say a prayer and try to sleep.”</p> - -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i2">“But God is sweet.<br /></span> -<span class="i4">My mother told me so,<br /></span> -<span class="i2">When I knelt at her feet<br /></span> -<span class="i4">Long—so long—ago;<br /></span> -<span class="i0">She clasped my hands in hers.<br /></span> -<span class="i2">Ah! me, that memory stirs<br /></span> -<span class="i2">My soul’s profoundest deep—<br /></span> -<span class="i2">No wonder that I weep.<br /></span> -<span class="i0">She clasped my hands and smiled,<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Ah! then I was a child—<br /></span> -<span class="i2">I knew no harm—<br /></span> -<span class="i2">My mother’s arm<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Was flung around me; and I felt<br /></span> -<span class="i0">That when I knelt<br /></span> -<span class="i2">To listen to my mother’s prayer,<br /></span> -<span class="i2">God was with mother there.<br /></span> -<span class="i2">Yea! “God is sweet!”<br /></span> -<span class="i4">She told me so;<br /></span> -<span class="i4">She never told me wrong;<br /></span> -<span class="i2">And through my years of woe<br /></span> -<span class="i2">Her whispers soft, and sad, and low,<br /></span> -<span class="i4">And sweet as Angel’s song,<br /></span> -<span class="i2">Have floated like a dream.”—Fr. Ryan.<br /></span> -</div></div> -</div> -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_48">48</span></p> - -<h2 id="CHAPTER_VI">CHAPTER VI.<br /> - -<span class="large">TO THE RESCUE.</span></h2> - -<p>When John W. Hall arrived at Ottawa he did -not know that his sisters had been taken prisoners, -but he supposed that they had been massacred -with the rest of the people at the Davis -cottage. His first impulse was revenge, and he -rushed wildly about, urging men to arm and go -with him to the scene of the massacre. The -spirit of adventure was rampant among the -people at the time, and John soon found himself -at the head of a considerable number of -mounted men armed with all kinds of guns, who -followed him like a mob, from Ottawa to the -Davis Settlement.</p> - -<p>On their way out they met some of the men -who were defeated at Stillman’s Run, returning -to Ottawa. John endeavored to have these men -accompany him to the Davis Settlement, but -they had enough of Indian adventure, and instead -of assisting John, discouraged the men -with him from engaging in a fight with the -Indians.</p> - -<p>When John’s squadron arrived at the Davis -cottage there was presented an awful sight—thirteen -murdered and mutilated bodies in and -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_49">49</span> -about the cottage, some hung on shambles like -butchered pigs, just as they were left by the -Indians. On the creek below the cottage were -found the bodies of Norris and George where -they fell from the bullets of the Indians. The -absence of his sisters Rachel and Sylvia from -among the dead, presented to John a new quandary. -A careful search was made about the -premises but no traces of the girls could be -found.</p> - -<p>After having seen the awful deaths of their -fellow-whites, the men who accompanied John -had their desire for adventure changed to a -feeling of fear, which they tried to hide under -the excuse that it would be impossible to proceed -after the Indians without rations and tents.</p> - -<p>The situation was a trying one for John. In -vain did he appeal to the men to help him rescue -his sisters. Not one would volunteer to go with -him, and after burying all the dead in one grave -in front of the little cottage, John and his -squadron hastily returned to Ottawa.</p> - -<p>In hopes of rescuing his sisters, John again -recruited a force and obtained the necessaries to -follow up the Indians. Early on the second day -after the massacre, with about forty men and -two days’ rations, without any commissary, -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_50">50</span> -John led his little army to the Davis Settlement -and along the Indian trail until he lost it on -the great prairie. He concluded that the Indians -had taken the “Kishwaukee Trail” to -where the Kishwaukee flows into the Rock -River, and he followed that route until he arrived -at his objective point without attaining -his chief aim. Disappointed in not even getting -any information of his sisters and in not finding -further track of the Indians, and his rations -having run out, John was again obliged to return -with his troops to Ottawa for a fresh supply, -when once more he started on a fruitless -search for his sisters.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i052.jpg" -alt="" /> -<p class="caption">COL. HENRY GRATIOT.</p> -</div> -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_51">51</span></p> - -<h2 id="CHAPTER_VII">CHAPTER VII.<br /> - -<span class="large">MILITARY MOVEMENTS.</span></h2> - -<p>When a remnant of Stillman’s men returned -to Dixon after an exciting ride of twenty-four -miles from Stillman’s Run, they reported that -they had been attacked by thousands of Indians -and that all the rest of the army had been massacred. -The exaggerated report set a few of the -men who had not been with Stillman, keen to -fight; but it instilled into most of them a sense -of home-sickness, and many of them requested -to be excused from duty. Gen. Taylor immediately -reported the situation to Gen. Atkinson, -at Ottawa, and the latter ordered Generals -Whiteside and Harney, who were in command -of some United States regulars, to pursue the -Indians.</p> - -<p>When the troops arrived at Stillman’s Run -they found the bodies of thirteen soldiers and -most of the deserted commissary which had included -a barrel of whiskey that Black Hawk -emptied on the ground. Black Hawk destroyed -the wagons and everything else that could not -be carried away, excepting a few boats that belonged -to the Indians which were left on the -river bank. -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_52">52</span></p> - -<p>As a matter of fact Black Hawk had only -forty warriors with him at the time of the attack -on him by Stillman’s men, while Stillman -had about three hundred men. At the time of -the attack many of Stillman’s men were under -the influence of liquor and most of them in such -a state of insubordination that they paid no -attention to the orders of their officers. Thus -they rushed into the camp of Black Hawk, and, -as each was acting independently, it was but a -short time until the Indians by their shots and -yells had the militia scared crazy and on the -run.<a id="FNanchor_20" href="#Footnote_20" class="fnanchor">20</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_20" href="#FNanchor_20" class="label">20</a> -The Black Hawk War, Stevens, 133, 137.</p></div> - -<p>On May 22nd, in accordance with Gen. Anderson’s -order, Gen. Whiteside took up and followed -the Indian trail for thirty-six miles along -the Kishwaukee and the Sycamore; but when -the high prairie was reached, the Indians scattered -so in all directions that the troops were -unable to track them further, and the army -proceeded to the Fox River and down that -stream to Ottawa, where it arrived on May 27th.</p> - -<p>On the day that the girls passed a few miles -to the east, the United States troops found on -the Sycamore, articles belonging to the Indians -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_53">53</span> -who committed the massacre at Davis Settlement, -among which were three scalps. Perhaps -it was fortunate for the girls that Gen. Whiteside -had not discovered and attacked the Indians, -because under such circumstances the -Indians might have murdered them.</p> - -<p>Among the troops under Gen. Whiteside was -the company in which Captain Abraham Lincoln, -subsequently the great president of the -United States, served. Probably the girls had -not yet heard of him, who, if he had known of -their predicament, might have ended their captivity -on that day.</p> - -<p>During the march up the Sycamore, an old -Pottawatomie Indian came into camp, tired and -hungry, with a letter of safe conduct, signed -by Gen. Lewis Cass. Some of the men declared -the letter was a forgery, and that the Indian -was a spy and should be put to death. When -the soldiers threatened the poor fellow, Capt. -Lincoln stepped forward and said that he would -shoot any man who would assault the Indian.<a id="FNanchor_21" href="#Footnote_21" class="fnanchor">21</a> -It can be readily seen how a man of Lincoln’s -bravery and superior mental resources, might -have freed the girls without injury to them.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_21" href="#FNanchor_21" class="label">21</a> -The Black Hawk War, 285.</p></div> -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_54">54</span></p> - -<h2 id="CHAPTER_VIII">CHAPTER VIII.<br /> - -<span class="large">REWARD OFFERED.</span></h2> - -<p>The day after the massacre messengers carried -the news in all directions to the various -settlements in Illinois, southern Wisconsin, -northern Indiana and western Michigan. At -every settlement block-houses or stockades were -built and the whites prepared to defend themselves -against attacks of the Indians. At Galena -the people assembled on May 28th and -passed resolutions (among other things) deploring -the captivity of the Hall girls and declaring -their obligations to obtain the release of the -captives. In Michigan along the lake shore, -there was great excitement, intensified by frequent -rumors that the Indians were coming.<a id="FNanchor_22" href="#Footnote_22" class="fnanchor">22</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_22" href="#FNanchor_22" class="label">22</a> -Michigan newspapers, 1832.</p></div> - -<p>Gen. Atkinson who was then at Ottawa offered -the Indians a reward of $2,000 in horses, goods -or money, for the safe delivery of the girls, as it -was feared that if force were used the Indians -would murder the girls. In Wisconsin, Col. -Dodge who had command at Blue Mounds Fort -(25 miles west of Madison, Wisconsin), immediately -recruited an army and made plans to get -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_55">55</span> -the girls. Lieutenant Edward Beouchard at -Blue Mounds and Henry Gratiot of Gratiot’s -Grove (15 miles northeast of Galena), who were -friends of the Indians with whom they had -great influence, engaged in the search for the -girls.</p> - -<p>Gratiot went to Turtle Village (now Beloit, -Wisconsin), where there was a tribe of Winnebagoes -with whom he had been on friendly -terms and who were supposed to be friends of -the whites. However, the Indians took him -prisoner and he almost sacrificed his life in his -endeavor to obtain the release of the Hall girls. -He succeeded, however, in making his message -known to the Indians, and arousing among them -a strong incentive to obtain the reward. While -he was held as a prisoner, an Indian chief to -whom Gratiot had often given presents and -shown kindness, came to him and offered his -services to aid in Gratiot’s escape. Also Col. -Gratiot was the government agent who paid the -Winnebagoes their annual allowance from the -United States government, which, no doubt, had -some influence. The Indian took the Colonel to -his tent, and late in the night silently conducted -him to the river and gave him a canoe in which -he paddled to safety. On his return home, -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_56">56</span> -Gratiot reported that the captive girls were -somewhere near the head of Rock River in -southern Wisconsin. He had gleaned that much -information from conversations among the Indians -whose language he understood.</p> - -<p>Not knowing that Col. Gratiot had visited -Turtle Village, Gen. Anderson sent by messenger -to Blue Mounds, the following letter:</p> - -<p class="author"> -“Headquarters Right Wing West. Dept.,<br /> -Dixon’s Ferry, 27th May, 1832.</p> - -<p>“Sir:</p> - -<p>“In the attack of the Sac Indians on the settlements -on a branch of Fox River the 22nd -inst., fifteen men, women, and children, were -killed, and two young women were taken prisoners. -This heart-rending occurrence should -not only call forth our sympathies, but urge us -to relieve the survivors.</p> - -<p>“You will therefore proceed to the Turtle -Village or send someone of confidence and prevail -on the head chiefs and braves of the Winnebagoes -there to go over to the hostile Sacs -and endeavor to ransom the prisoners. Offer -the Winnebagoes a large reward to effect the -object: $500 or $1000 for each. -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_57">57</span></p> - -<p>“I expected to have heard from you before -this.</p> - -<p class="author"> -Very respectfully your obt. sevt.,<br /> -H. ATKINSON,<br /> -Brig. Gen., U. S. Army.”</p> - -<p> -“Henry Gratiot, Esq.,<br /> -<span class="i4">Indian Agent.”</span></p> - -<p>When the dispatch reached the Mounds on -May 28, Col. Gratiot who had already visited -Turtle Village had not returned, and Lieutenant -Beouchard who was then in command of the -Port, opened the dispatch and forwarded it to -the Colonel. Also, Beouchard sent the substance -of the dispatch to Col. Dodge, who was -then at Port Union, Col. Dodge’s residence, -near Dodgeville. Then Lieutenant Beouchard -mounted his horse and rode to a Winnebago -encampment which was situated northeast of -Blue Mounds where Chief Wau-kon-kah was the -head Indian. Beouchard requested the chief to -go to White Crow, Whirling Thunder and -Spotted Arm and inform them of the captivity -of the Hall girls, and the reward that had been -offered for their release, instructing the Indians -to get the girls at any risk: by purchase, if possible; -but by force, if necessary. He assured -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_58">58</span> -the Indians that they would receive the reward -in case of success. The Indians promised to -make the attempt.</p> - -<p>May 28th, Col. Gratiot wrote a letter to Governor -Porter, of Michigan, telling of the Indian -Creek Massacre and the captivity of the -Hall girls, and, among other things, said: “Compelled -by our feelings and relying on the justice -of our country, we did not hesitate to promise -a few of my trusty Winnebagoes a reward -if they would bring us those ladies unhurt. We -promised them the highest reward that could -be offered.” Therefore, it is evident that Gratiot -had offered a reward for the release of the -girls before he received Gen. Anderson’s dispatch.</p> - -<p>On the day that Col. Gratiot returned from -Turtle Village, he received Gen. Anderson’s -letter. On the same day he received further -information that the Winnebagoes had success -in their endeavors to ransom the unfortunate -girls, and he immediately started for Blue -Mounds, where he arrived on June 2nd.</p> -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_59">59</span></p> - -<h2 id="CHAPTER_IX">CHAPTER IX.<br /> - -<span class="large">THE CAPTIVE GIRLS.</span></h2> - -<p>In Chapter V we left the girls as prisoners at -Black Hawk’s Grove, Janesville, Wisconsin. -Notwithstanding their night of disturbed sleep -and great need for rest, the girls were awakened -at daylight by the noise of the Indians -around the tent.</p> - -<p>Soon after the girls arose the squaws brought -them their breakfast which consisted of dried -sliced meat, coffee and porridge made of corn -pounded and water, that was served in wooden -bowls with wooden spoons. The little rest that -the girls got through the night, revived them -and gave them some appetite, so that they were -able to eat part of the food, although they did -not relish it.</p> - -<p>Breakfast being finished, the Indians cleared -off a piece of ground about ninety feet in circumference -and erected in the center a pole -about twenty-five feet high, around which they -set up fifteen spears, on the points of which -were placed the scalps of the murdered friends -of the girls. To the horror of the girls, they -recognized the scalps of their father, mother -and Mrs. Pettigrew. Upon three separate spears -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_60">60</span> -the Indians placed three human hearts, which -added greatly to the horror of the girls. Was -one of the hearts their mother’s?</p> - -<p>The Indians jabbered among themselves for -awhile and then the squaws painted one side of -the face of each of the girls red and the other -side black. Then the girls were laid with their -faces downward on blankets near the center, -just leaving room for the Indians to pass between -them and the pole. When these preliminaries -were completed, the warriors, grasping -in their hands their spears, which they occasionally -struck into the ground, and yelling all the -while as Indians only can, danced around the -girls. Every moment while this was going on, -the girls expected to be thrust through with -the spears; but they had become so harrassed -with dread of torture, that they almost wished -to have death end their troubles. However, not -one of the spears touched the girls, and outside -of keeping them in terror, they were in -nowise injured.</p> - -<p>After the warriors had continued their dance -for about half an hour, two old squaws (one of -whom was the wife of Black Hawk) led the -girls away to a wigwam where they washed off -the paint as well as they could by scrubbing -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_61">61</span> -them unmercifully. The squaws had adopted -the girls, and, as the children of chiefs, they -were not required to work.</p> - -<p>The Indians having finished their dance, -struck their tents, and, after a good deal of -bustle and confusion, the whole camp started -in a northerly direction. When they reached -a point beyond the grove, it seemed to the girls -that the whole earth was alive with Indians. -Probably not less than 4,000 warriors, squaws, -and children constituted that army.</p> - -<p>Tired and sore from their former long ride -and greatly exhausted by their constant fears, -it was an extraordinary ordeal for the girls to -plunge still farther into the wilderness. During -traveling hours the girls were separated and -each was placed in charge of two squaws. -Whenever the army halted the girls were -brought together, but always kept under the -surveillance of the four squaws.</p> - -<p>Their march from Black Hawk’s Grove was -very slow and over a broad prairie. Shortly -before sundown the Indians pitched their tents -at Cold Spring, about three miles southeast of -Ft. Atkinson, near “Burnt Village,” the camp -of Little Priest.<a id="FNanchor_23" href="#Footnote_23" class="fnanchor">23</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_23" href="#FNanchor_23" class="label">23</a> -Hist. of Jefferson Co., 327.</p></div> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_62">62</span></p> - -<p>As soon as the tents were erected everybody -partook of some food, most of the Indians without -any utensils, but the girls were supplied -with the usual dishes: wooden plates, bowls and -spoons. At this place maple-sugar seemed to be -abundant and the girls were furnished all of it -that they could eat. Also, the squaws seemed -to appreciate the fact that the girls were suffering -from exposure, and took great pains to -make their quarters as comfortable as possible.</p> - -<p>During their long tramp through the brush, -the light working dresses that the girls had on -at the time that they were captured had become -badly torn, and the squaws brought Rachel a -red and white calico dress with ruffles around -the bottom, and Sylvia, a blue calico. The Indians -requested the girls to throw away their -shoes and put on moccasins, against which the -latter strongly protested and refused to take off -their shoes. No violence to take away their -shoes was used, and the girls continued to wear -them. An Indian threw away Rachel’s comb -and she immediately went after it and kept it -so that it could not be snatched away again -without using force, to which the Indians did -not resort.</p> - -<p>As night set in the Indians retired and each -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_63">63</span> -of the girls had to sleep between two squaws, -which they were compelled to do thereafter up -to the time that they were turned over to the -Winnebagoes.</p> - -<p>Day after day the Indians changed the location -of their camp, probably to evade the whites -if they should pursue them. From Cold Spring -by circuitous routes, through the beautiful lake -country around Oconomowoc, they moved -northward until they reached the rolling hills -near Horicon Lake where they pitched their -camp not far from the rapids, and southeast of -the Indian village of Big Fox.<a id="FNanchor_24" href="#Footnote_24" class="fnanchor">24</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_24" href="#FNanchor_24" class="label">24</a> -V. Wis. Hist. Col., 260; Black Hawk’s Autobiography, -106, 110, 160; “Waubun,” 320; Hist. of Dodge -Co., by Hubbell, 67.</p></div> - -<p>The girls had now traveled about 150 miles -north from their home. It was the eighth day -of their captivity, and to them the time was so -long that every minute seemed almost a day; -and since they last sat at dinner in the little -cottage of William Davis at Indian Creek, although -very vivid in their minds, seemed an -age. Also, the unknown places at which they -had camped being in such various directions -from each other, the girls had no idea how far -they had gone from Black Hawk’s Grove -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_64">64</span> -(Janesville). Everywhere they traveled Indian -camps were numerous, because as soon as spring -had opened the Indians divided into small -camps to make maple sugar. Were the girls to -put an estimate upon the number of Indians in -that unknown region, it certainly would have -reached high up into the thousands.</p> - -<p>At every camp the dance around the pole -with all its hideous surroundings, accompanied -by the Indian yells and war-whoops, the rattling -of gourds, and waving of weapons, was repeated.</p> - -<p>Among the tribes east of the Mississippi River -it was an honor principle that their female captives -should not be tortured nor their chastity -violated; but if white men were taken captives -they were reduced to slavery and obliged to -wait upon the white women after they had been -adopted by the Indians.<a id="FNanchor_25" href="#Footnote_25" class="fnanchor">25</a> Notwithstanding this -unwritten law, these dances with the scalps on -the spears harrassed the girls and caused them -to sob and weep bitterly.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_25" href="#FNanchor_25" class="label">25</a> -1, “Handbook of American Indians,” 203.</p></div> - -<p>One morning after many repetitions of the -dance around the pole, the program was varied -by a party of warriors coming to the lodge -where the girls were in the custody of the -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_65">65</span> -squaws, placing in their hands small red flags, -and then the Indians with their captives -marched around the encampment, stopping at -each wigwam and waving their flags at the -doors, accompanied by some recitation of a -chief and the rattling of gourds, all of which -was not understood by the girls and they were -unable to comprehend the significance of what -they were doing. As a matter of fact the performance -was a religious ceremony in which -the gourds took the place of bells used by several -Christian denominations during their religious -ceremonies.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i067.jpg" -alt="" /> -<p class="caption">COL. HENRY DODGE.</p> -</div> -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_66">66</span></p> - -<h2 id="CHAPTER_X">CHAPTER X.<br /> - -<span class="large">RANSOMED.</span></h2> - -<p>On the morning of the ninth day of their captivity, -some warriors took Sylvia off about forty -rods to where a number of chiefs seemed to be -holding a council. One of the Indians told -Sylvia that she must go with an old chief who -was pointed out to her, namely, White Crow, -a chief of the Winnebagoes, who was about -fifty years of age, tall, slim, with a hawk nose, -and as much of sinister look as a man who had -only one eye could have, for one of his eyes -had been put out in a brawl. He was addicted -to drink, gambling, fighting, and other disreputable -practices.<a id="FNanchor_26" href="#Footnote_26" class="fnanchor">26</a> Under any circumstances -Sylvia might have protested against going with -him; but when he informed her that Rachel -must stay behind, Sylvia declared that she -would not go without her sister. White Crow, -who was a fine and fluent orator, and spokesman -of his band on all occasions, made a long, loud -speech in which he exhibited considerable excitement, -but was listened to with great interest -by the other warriors. After he had finished, -Chief Whirling Thunder arose, walked over to -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_67">67</span> -where Rachel was and brought her to where the -council was being held. The situation was painfully -interesting to the girls, because they had -some intimation that it was all about their fate.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_26" href="#FNanchor_26" class="label">26</a> -X. Wis. Hist. Col., 253.</p></div> - -<p>After some conversation among the chiefs -they shook hands and the captives were surrendered -to White Crow, who must now get the -girls to Blue Mounds Fort to obtain the $2,000 -reward. The Port was about eighty miles to -the southwest in a bee line. By the nearest trail -through the Madison lake region, it was about -ninety-three miles; and by way of Portage and -thence on the Military Road to the Blue Mounds -Fort, it was about one hundred and seven miles. -The Sacs and Foxes were along the former -route, which meant great danger, and the Military -Road was the best in that country. Therefore, -White Crow chose the latter route. The -horses were brought, riding switches were cut -and White Crow and Whirling Thunder with -their captives seemed ready to go. The squaws -with whom the girls had been staying were very -much grieved at parting with them, tears rolling -down their cheeks, and the girls who now -reciprocated the affection of the squaws, preferred -to stay with them rather than to go with -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_68">68</span> -the warriors; but the chief’s stern orders had to -be obeyed.</p> - -<p>At this trying moment of the girls, a young -warrior suddenly stepped up to Rachel and with -a large knife cut a lock of hair from over her -right ear and another from the back of her -head. At the same time he muttered to White -Crow, in the Indian language, something which -the girls afterwards learned, was that he would -have Rachel back in three or four days. His -example was followed by another Indian who -stepped up to Sylvia and without leave or a -word of explanation, cut a lock of hair from -the front of her head and placed it in his hunting-pouch. -Sometime afterward a number of -Indians made an attack on Kellogg’s Grove -colony (near Dodgeville, Wis.) and one of them -who was shot by a miner named Casey had -around his neck a lock of braided hair which -was subsequently identified as that taken from -the head of Rachel Hall.</p> - -<p>It might not be amiss, here, to state that -among some of the Indian tribes the cutting of -the hair had a mystical meaning closely allied -to the life of a person, and was usually attended -with religious rites. The first clipping of a -child’s hair was retained for religious purposes. -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_69">69</span> -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_70">70</span> -A scalp had a double meaning: it indicated an -act of supernatural power that had decreed the -death of the man, and it served as tangible -proof of the warrior’s prowess over his -enemies.<a id="FNanchor_27" href="#Footnote_27" class="fnanchor">27</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_27" href="#FNanchor_27" class="label">27</a> -1, “Handbook of Am. Indians,” 524.</p></div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i071.jpg" -alt="" /> -<p class="caption">WHERE HALL GIRLS ENTERED CANOES.</p> -</div> - -<p>While the Indians were taking locks of hair -from the girls, White Crow, Whirling Thunder, -and a few more Indians, had mounted their -horses, and with their captives on ponies, all -rode off at a gallop, keeping up a rapid speed -during the rest of the day and far into the -night, the Indians looking back frequently.</p> - -<p>No doubt White Crow feared that the Sacs -might regret that they let the girls go, and -would try to recapture them. It was about -forty-seven miles to Portage, and until that -place was reached the danger was great. The -girls appreciated the danger; otherwise, they -would have dropped off their ponies from sheer -exhaustion. A ride of forty-seven miles on -wabbly ponies!</p> - -<p>Finally, they arrived on the bank of the Wisconsin -River near the mouth of Duck Creek -(just below Portage, Wis.) where was located -a village of Chief Dekorah.<a id="FNanchor_28" href="#Footnote_28" class="fnanchor">28</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_28" href="#FNanchor_28" class="label">28</a> -XIII. Wis. Hist. Co., 448; III. ib. 286; Waubun, -Kinzie, 103.</p></div> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_71">71</span></p> - -<p>At this place the Indians prepared a bed -upon a low scaffold, which was furnished with -abundant blankets and furs, where the girls lay -until daylight. The sun had not yet arisen -when a party of Sac warriors, some of whom -were dressed in the clothing of white men, came -into camp. They wanted to talk to the girls, -but Whirling Thunder told the girls not to -listen to them and to keep away from them. -Then a long conversation of loud angry words -was kept up between the Indians for some time, -when the Sacs mounted their horses and rode -away.</p> - -<p>It was ascertained later that one of the Indians -who helped to capture the girls at Indian -Creek was on a hunting trip when the captives -were turned over to the Winnebagoes and on his -return finding the prisoners gone and not having -received his portion of the ransom, he -started off with a number of warriors with the -determination to recapture the girls or kill -them. No doubt that if the Sacs had overtaken -the Winnebagoes with their captives before they -had reached the Winnebago camp, they would -have fought for the girls, which would either -have ended in the death of the girls or their -being again carried off into captivity. Such -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_72">72</span> -was the Indian custom.<a id="FNanchor_29" href="#Footnote_29" class="fnanchor">29</a> What an almost -miraculous escape the girls had!</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_29" href="#FNanchor_29" class="label">29</a> -2, Handbook of American Indians, 203.</p></div> - -<p>Immediately after the Sacs left, a hastened -breakfast was prepared. No doubt White Crow -feared an attack if he should keep the girls at -that place or if he should continue his journey -along the Military Road. Whatever caused him -to change his course, he arranged to take the -girls down the Wisconsin River<a id="FNanchor_30" href="#Footnote_30" class="fnanchor">30</a> and to send -the horses around over the hills, on the west -side of the river, to the next camping place.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_30" href="#FNanchor_30" class="label">30</a> -Memories of Shaubena, 160.</p></div> - -<p>Breakfast was eaten as hastily as it had been -prepared and then the girls were placed in -canoes and with a convoy of about one hundred -Indians, were paddled off. At first the girls -feared that their little barks would tip, but -soon they found their canoes were in expert -and safe hands and that the new manner of -travel was far superior to horse-back riding. -It was restful and gave them a fine opportunity -for observation, which under favorable circumstances -would drive an artist into ecstasy. The -majestic bluffs with wooded slopes and craggy -crests, lined the river for many miles, stretching -off to the west around Devil’s Lake. It was -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_73">73</span> -ideal scenery and connected with many a -romantic Indian tale.</p> - -<p>The spring freshets from the melting snows -and heavy rains, had swollen the river so that -it spread considerably over its banks, reaching -in places from the foot of one bluff to the foot -of another. Down this murky water the Indians -paddled their canoes, hour after hour, -over a distance of about thirty miles, and -landed on the west bank, where they camped -for the night.</p> - -<p>In speaking of this canoe ride the girls say: -“The name of the river we never knew, neither -can we tell whether we traveled up or down -the stream.” The name of the river was learned -from Shabona. It is not strange that the girls -could not tell which way the river flowed. The -writer has often been on that river during -freshets, and the way the water flows back and -forth, dotted with eddies, would easily confuse -a stranger.</p> - -<p>Early the next morning White Crow went -around to the wigwams with a gourd in each -hand, and stopping at the door of each wigwam -he would shake the gourds violently and talk as -if he were lecturing.</p> - -<p>Having finished this religious service, he left -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_74">74</span> -the camp and did not return again until sundown. -Probably, he crossed the river and went -to his own village at the west end of Mendota -Lake to get information concerning the ransom -offered for the captives. He was a sly chief, -and if he did not have considerable confidence -in the success of his undertaking, instead of -taking the girls across to Blue Mounds he might -have them run further down the river and there -hold them longer in captivity.</p> - -<p>The thirty-first day of May had arrived and -for the second night the Indians camped on the -west side of the Wisconsin River. Before retiring, -White Crow for the first time spoke to the -girls in the English language. He inquired -whether their father, mother, or any sister or -brother, was alive, to which the girls replied -that all had been killed on the day of their captivity. -White Crow appeared sad, shook his -head, and after hesitating a moment, said he -would take the girls home in the morning. He -asked the girls if they thought the whites would -hang him if he took them to the fort, to which -they replied that on the contrary the people at -the fort would give him money and presents for -his trouble.</p> - -<p>The conversation with White Crow roused the -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_75">75</span> -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_76">76</span> -hopes of the girls considerably, but a lingering -doubt as to the truth of his words kept revolving -in their minds throughout the night.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i077.jpg" -alt="" /> -<p class="caption">WHERE HALL GIRLS LEFT WISCONSIN RIVER.<br /> -† “BLACK HAWK’S LOOKOUT.”</p> -</div> - -<p>The next morning the chiefs accompanied -by about forty warriors put the girls in canoes -and swam their horses across the river alongside -of the canoes, landing above the mouth of Black -Earth Creek. The horses were mounted in -haste, but as most of the warriors had to travel -on foot and were impeded by marshes and -underbrush on the flat bottom, the progress was -slow. The girls watched the sun with eagerness -in their endeavor to tell which way they were -traveling and were assured thereby that they -were again going southward, although only in -a circuitous course. Hour after hour passed -away, the girls all the while expecting to catch -sight of the fort. Finally, as the sun was sinking -off over the Wisconsin River, the Indians -once more camped for the night on the bank of -a creek.</p> - -<p>There were two or three Indian families -camped at this place, and on seeing the girls -they expressed great joy. In a short time the -squaws had prepared a supper consisting of -pickled pork, potatoes, coffee and bread for the -girls, White Crow and Whirling Thunder, the -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_77">77</span> -rest of the Indians dining apart from them. -The meal was the best cooked and the spread -the cleanest that had been placed before the -girls, and it tempted their appetite so that they -made a very fair meal, after which they felt -sleepy and were glad when they could lie down -to rest. In a short time most of the Indians had -retired, excepting White Crow, who seated himself -close to the girls, where he smoked a pipe -all night. This was the first time that a warrior -had kept guard over them, and the inference -of the girls was that the old chief feared -an attack of the Sacs who had visited their -camp at Portage. The girls thought that perhaps -the Indian chief who had been rebuffed at -that place might have gone after recruits, and -that at any moment the Indians might swoop -down upon them. Now, when they were almost -within grasp of their freedom, it racked the -minds of the girls to think that there was a -possibility of being slaughtered or again carried -into captivity. In this condition of mind the -girls passed the night.</p> - -<p>The camp was astir at sunrise and for the -last time White Crow went around performing -his religious service by rattling his gourds and -addressing the Indians. After breakfast the -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_78">78</span> -girls were again mounted on their ponies and -all moved forward over higher ground, and before -ten o’clock they had reached the Military -Road from Fort Winnebago, by way of Blue -Mounds, to Prairie du Chien. The sight of the -wagon tracks was the first sign of civilization -that the girls had observed since their captivity -and increased their confidence in the probability -of their early release. Also, the road was much -better than any they had traveled since their -capture. It led through groves and oak openings, -along the high ridge that is unbroken to -the Mississippi River. Inspirations of hope were -necessary to revive the girls’ spirits and enable -them to complete the remainder of their long -journey, as they were exhausted to the verge of -collapse. Hope is a great stimulant, and it was -on this that the girls were now subsisting.</p> - -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">“Auspicious Hope! in thy sweet garden grow<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Wreaths for each toil, a charm for every woe.”<br /></span> -</div></div> -</div> - -<p>About two o’clock in the afternoon the Indians -halted for lunch and to let their horses -feed. The principal food was duck eggs, nearly -hatched, that the Indians ate with relish, but -which the girls rejected with disgust. After -lunch they had not traveled far until they -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_79">79</span> -caught sight of Blue Mounds Fort in the distance. -White Crow took a white handkerchief -that Rachel had tied on her head, which he -fastened on a pole for a flag of truce, and rode -in advance of the Indians and their captives. In -a short time Lieutenant Edward Beouchard, -who was commander at the fort, met them and -addressed the Indians in their own language. -The warriors now formed a circle into which -Beouchard rode and he and the Indians talked -at considerable length. According to Beouchard’s -subsequent statement the Indians were -unwilling to give up the girls until they were -assured by Col. Gratiot that the $2,000 reward -would be paid. Beouchard having assured the -girls that they would be well treated by the -Indians until his return, went back to the fort -and soon returned with Col. Henry Gratiot, the -Indian agent, and a company of soldiers in -which Edward and Reason Hall, uncles of the -captives, were serving as privates.</p> - -<p>Col. Gratiot assured the Indians that the reward -for the rescue of the girls would be paid. -Also, he invited the Indians to be his guests at -the fort, and that he would prepare a big feast -for them. The Indians being very hungry the -feast appealed very strongly to them. Finally, -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_80">80</span> -the chiefs agreed to place the girls in the custody -of Col. Gratiot until the reward would be -paid, the Indians retaining the right to the return -of the captives if the government failed to -pay.</p> - -<p>The calico dresses which the girls had received -from the Indians, had become torn by -riding through brake, briars and brush, and -with their soiled faces and disheveled hair, made -them objects of pity.<a id="FNanchor_31" href="#Footnote_31" class="fnanchor">31</a> In a sense, the girls -bearing their crosses, had followed their Master -up Calvary to its summit, where He granted -their prayer by setting them free.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_31" href="#FNanchor_31" class="label">31</a> -3, Smith’s Hist. of Wis., 214, 225.</p></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_81">81</span></p> - -<h2 id="CHAPTER_XI">CHAPTER XI.<br /> - -<span class="large">ROYALLY WELCOMED.</span></h2> - -<p>Following close behind the soldiers that went -out with Col. Gratiot to meet the Indians with -the girls, were the ladies of the Fort, including -the wives of the commanding officers, and although -the Indians had delivered the girls into -the custody of Col. Gratiot, the ladies immediately -took charge of them, and after kissing -and hugging them affectionately, conducted -them to the Fort, where the girls were furnished -with new clothes and the best meal that -the place could produce. After dining the girls -became sleepy and retired to rest, feeling perfectly -secure.</p> - -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">“Sleep! to the homeless thou are home;<br /></span> -<span class="i0">The friendless find in thee a friend;<br /></span> -<span class="i0">And well is, wheresoe’er he roam,<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Who meets thee at his journey’s end.”<br /></span> -</div></div> -</div> - -<p>A messenger who had been dispatched for -Col. Dodge, met him on his way to the Mounds -in company with Capt. Bion Gratiot, a brother -of Col. Henry Gratiot. On his arrival Col. -Dodge immediately assumed general command -of the place. He invited the Indian chiefs, -White Crow, Whirling Thunder and Spotted -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_82">82</span> -Arm, into the Fort, and fed them sumptuously. -Ebenezer Brigham who lived at the east end of -the Mounds contributed a big fat steer for the -feast. After the feast, lodgings for the Indians -were prepared, beds for the chiefs having been -provided in one of the cottages. Having everything -comfortably arranged, the Colonel retired -and was soon fast asleep.</p> - -<p>About an hour after Col. Dodge had gone to -bed, Capt. Gratiot came rushing to his cabin in -an excited manner, calling to him to rouse up -and prepare for action immediately. He informed -the Colonel that the Indian chiefs whom -the Colonel had placed in the cottage, had gone -out to some brush near by and apparently were -inciting the Indians to make an attack upon the -Fort. White Crow had come to the Captain and -after telling him that the whites were a soft-shelled -breed and no good to fight (referring to -Stillman’s defeat), he closed by advising the -Captain to tell his brother, Col. Gratiot, the Indians’ -friend, to go home and not stay at the -fort. Also, Capt. Gratiot had observed the men -whetting their knives, tomahawks and spears, -and it was learned that two of the warriors had -been sent to the Winnebago camp early in the -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_83">83</span> -evening, probably to obtain more Indians to -attack the Fort.</p> - -<p>Col. Dodge, after listening attentively to the -story of Capt. Gratiot, replied: “Do not be -alarmed, sir; I will see that no harm befalls -you.”</p> - -<p>Col. Dodge then called the officer of the -guard and an interpreter and with six other -men went out to where the Indians were and -took into custody White Crow and five of the -other principal chiefs, and marched them into -a cabin inside the palisade to secure obedience -to his command. Then after directing the -proper officer to place a strong guard around -the cabin and double the guard around the -whole encampment, the Colonel lay down with -the Indians. To carry out the Colonel’s orders -took all the men at the Fort, so that virtually -the whole force was under arms during the -night.<a id="FNanchor_32" href="#Footnote_32" class="fnanchor">32</a> Once more the girls’ lives were in -jeopardy.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_32" href="#FNanchor_32" class="label">32</a> -X. Wis. Hist. Col., 186.</p></div> - -<p>The night passed without another incident -and when the sun arose over the great plains to -the east, the girls were up and relished a good -breakfast with their friends that awaited them. -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_84">84</span> -Col. Dodge was out before the girls and he told -the Indians that they must all go to Morrison’s -Grove, a place where the road to Galena -branches off the Military Road to Prairie du -Chien, about fifteen miles west of Blue Mounds. -The Indians—White Crow particularly—protested -against going, stating that their feet -were sore from their long march in bringing the -Hall girls to the Mounds, and that they had -shown such great magnanimity in risking their -lives to ransom the prisoners that they should -receive their reward and be allowed to return -home. Col. Dodge frankly told them that he -believed that they were in sympathy with Black -Hawk and that he should be obliged to treat -them as suspects. In vain did White Crow use -his eloquence in protesting his friendship for -the whites, and after all was in readiness the -Indians and soldiers accompanied by the Hall -girls started on their march to Morrison’s -Grove, where they arrived before noon. Here -George Medary kept a hotel in a large house -built by the Morrison brothers of hewn logs, adjoining -a cultivated field, one of the first in the -state.<a id="FNanchor_33" href="#Footnote_33" class="fnanchor">33</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_33" href="#FNanchor_33" class="label">33</a> -XIII. Wis. Hist. Col., 341; “Waubun,” 111.</p></div> - -<p>The ladies looked after the comfort of the -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_85">85</span> -girls, whom they welcomed with much exhibition -of joy and affection, and Col. Dodge, after -having the Indians well fed, ordered the chiefs -to line them up until he could talk to them.</p> - -<p>First Col. Dodge explained the alarming situation -surrounding the white settlers, and the -information that he had that the Winnebagoes -were hesitating to join Black Hawk, and warned -them of their destruction if they should take -part in the war against the whites. Next Col. -Gratiot spoke to the Indians in their own -tongue, in a kindly manner, and after he had -finished White Crow made the following speech: -“Fathers, when you sent a request to me to go -and to ransom those two white women, we -called on all of our people who were around us -and they gave all of their wampum, trinkets -and corn, and we the chiefs gave ten horses. -The Little Priest, I, and two others, went to the -Sauks to buy the prisoners. We soon succeeded -in buying one, but for a time could not succeed -in buying the other. After we had bought one, -we demanded the other. They said, ‘No, we -will not give her up. We have lost too much -blood. We will keep her.’</p> - -<p>“We told them: ‘If you don’t give her up, -we will raise the tomahawk and take her.’ I -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_86">86</span> -had a horse which you, father (Gratiot), gave -me. It was the last horse that I had. I told -them that I would give them that horse to obtain -the prisoner. At sundown they gave me -the girls and I gave them the horse. The Little -Priest took one of the girls and I took the other -and put them on horses. A Sauk came, as we -were about to start, and attempted to cut off the -hair of one of the girls. I caught his hand and -prevented him, but allowed him afterwards to -cut a small lock. These white sisters were very -much affected and my young daughter cried to -see these white sisters so distressed. Our women -bought clothes from the Sauks and gave them. -These sisters will tell you that we made them -sleep together, and the daughter of the Little -Priest slept on one side of them and my daughter -on the other side. We were mortified that -we could not use them better. Our blankets -are worn out and we could do no better. I -tried to please and comfort them, but they were -not accustomed to our mode of living and could -not eat.</p> - -<p>“Here are our two sisters, we bring them here -to take their hands and give them into your -hands. We have saved their lives, for the -Sauks intended to kill them. -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_87">87</span></p> - -<p>“And now, fathers, all that we have to ask -of you is that you will not put us or our children -in the same situation that these white -sisters were. We have brought them to you to -prove to you that we are the friends of the -Americans.”<a id="FNanchor_34" href="#Footnote_34" class="fnanchor">34</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_34" href="#FNanchor_34" class="label">34</a> -Report of Col. Gratiot in U. S. files.</p></div> - -<p>After listening to White Crow, Col. Dodge -informed him that he would hold as hostages -for the good conduct of the Winnebago Indians, -their chiefs Spotted Arm, Whirling Thunder -and Little Priest, to which the wiley chief made -little objection, as he was trying to obtain as -much goods as possible in final settlement of the -reward, which was paid mostly in trinkets, -blankets and horses.</p> - -<p>Having been well fed and supplied with -shawls and blankets of brilliant colors, childlike, -the Indians were now anxious to go home.</p> - -<p>White Crow, with a showing of much regret, -bade good-bye to Sylvia and Rachel Hall. He -went over the incidents of their rescue, and, to -prove his friendship for the girls, offered to -give each of them a Sac squaw as a servant for -life. The girls thanked him, but said that they -did not want any human being to be taken away -from her people as they had been from theirs. -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_88">88</span> -The girls then bade adieu to all the Indians, -towards whom their hearts had changed, and -for whom they now felt considerable friendship. -The eloquence of White Crow made an impression -on the young women, as he spoke in a sympathetic -tone unexpected kind words that -touched their hearts.</p> - -<p>After resting at Morrison’s during the afternoon -and night, early the next morning the soldiers -with their Indian hostages and the girls, -proceeded along the Galena road to Fort Defiance, -which was located five miles southeast -of Mineral Point. Here again the girls were -well cared for by the wives of the officers, and -the most sumptuous meal that could be prepared -was set before them, and their short stay -made as pleasant as possible.<a id="FNanchor_35" href="#Footnote_35" class="fnanchor">35</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_35" href="#FNanchor_35" class="label">35</a> -X. Wis. Hist., Col., 340.</p></div> - -<p>After dinner, with the convoy of soldiers and -the Indian hostages, the girls again moved on -to Gratiot’s Grove, about a mile south of Shullsburg, -and fourteen miles northeast of Galena. -At this place there was a village of twenty families, -with a hotel and a garrison of United -States soldiers.<a id="FNanchor_36" href="#Footnote_36" class="fnanchor">36</a> The leading lady of the place -was Capt. Gratiot’s wife, a French woman of -excellent education, whose mother had been -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_89">89</span> -lady-in-waiting to Queen Marie Antoinette. -Mrs. Gratiot, who was noted for her hospitality, -took charge of the girls and entertained them -lavishly at her home.<a id="FNanchor_37" href="#Footnote_37" class="fnanchor">37</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_36" href="#FNanchor_36" class="label">36</a> -X. Wis. Hist. Col., 256.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_37" href="#FNanchor_37" class="label">37</a> -X. Wis. Hist. Col., 186, 246.</p></div> - -<p>Gratiot’s Grove, which became renowned as -the most beautiful spot in the northwest, is -described by Mrs. Gratiot as follows: “Never -in my wanderings had I beheld a prettier place; -the beautiful rolling hills extending to Blue -Mounds, a distance of thirty miles, the magnificent -grove, as yet untouched by the falling axe, -formed the graceful frame for the lovely landscape.”<a id="FNanchor_38" href="#Footnote_38" class="fnanchor">38</a> -Theodore Rudolph, a Swiss traveler -who was at Gratiot’s Grove in the spring of -1832, describing the place says: “The vast -prairie, as far as the eye could reach, was -clothed with a carpet of richest green, interspersed -with gorgeous wild flowers, of brilliant -hues of red, blue, and yellow, in fact every color -of the rainbow—reminding one of the garden -of Eden, as our youthful fancies never failed to -paint it for us.”<a id="FNanchor_39" href="#Footnote_39" class="fnanchor">39</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_38" href="#FNanchor_38" class="label">38</a> -X. Wis. Hist. Col., 286.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_39" href="#FNanchor_39" class="label">39</a> -XV. Wis. Hist. Col., 345.</p></div> -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_90">90</span></p> - -<h2 id="CHAPTER_XII">CHAPTER XII.<br /> - -<span class="large">HOMEWARD BOUND.</span></h2> - -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i2">“Oh! sweet is the longed-for haven of rest!<br /></span> -<span class="i0">And dear are the loved ones we oft have caressed!<br /></span> -<span class="i2">And fair are the home scenes that gladden the view—<br /></span> -<span class="i0">The far-wooded hills stretching up to the blue,<br /></span> -<span class="i2">The lake’s limpid splendor, the circling shore,<br /></span> -<span class="i0">The fell and the forest, the mead and the moor,<br /></span> -<span class="i2">Are clustered with mem’ries and, though we may roam,<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Their charm ever guides us and whispers of home!”<br /></span> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<span class="author">—Anna C. Scanlan.<br /></span> -</div></div> -</div> - -<p>The thought of returning to their home filled -the girls’ hearts with such joy as was possible -under their circumstances. When they arose on -the morning of their departure from Gratiot’s -Grove, everything was inspiring. Never before -had the birds sung more sweetly nor had the -flowers looked more beautiful. The whole village -was astir early, and probably there was -not one of the inhabitants who failed to appear -to bid the girls good-bye.</p> - -<p>Capt. Gratiot’s wife made the girls some nice -presents and had so endeared herself to them -that although they had known her but a very -short time, they left her with tears, and in tears.</p> - -<p>Finally, all being ready, with a convoy of soldiers -the girls continued their journey to White -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_91">91</span> -Oak Springs (10 miles northeast of Galena), -near which they formerly lived and where they -had many friends. It was then a mining village -of considerable size, but not so charming as -Gratiot’s Grove. There was a fort with soldiers -at the place, and all was in readiness to -receive the girls. As some of their relatives -lived near the place, going there seemed to them -like going home.</p> - -<p>One of the first surprises that the girls had, -was to meet their brother John who they -thought had been murdered at Indian Creek. -He had been mustered into the militia and was -stationed at Galena, but was granted indefinite -absence to go to meet his sisters and accompany -them home.</p> - -<p>At White Oak Springs they received a letter -from their former pastor, Rev. R. Horn, who -had a mission on the Illinois River where Robert -Scott, an uncle of the girls, lived. The letter -was full of kindness and invited the girls to -come to the Horn residence and make it their -home. From that time on, all arrangements -were made to that end.</p> - -<p>On the night of June sixteenth, great excitement -was caused by a messenger riding into -the town and announcing that the battle of the -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_92">92</span> -Peckatonica (18 miles northeast) had been -fought, that all the Indians that participated -in it had been killed, and that many of the -whites had fallen. The shocking particulars, -which were loathing to the girls, were told and -retold. They had seen human blood spilled and -they knew what such a sight meant, so it simply -renewed their horror.</p> - -<p>The girls remained at White Oak Springs two -weeks, during which their lady friends made -considerable clothing for them so that they had -a well-supplied wardrobe, considering the time -and the border country. The men were not -backward in the good work and presents of -goods were given by the store-keepers and a -small purse raised to help to smooth their way.</p> - -<p>Also, old acquaintances were renewed and -new friendships were formed from which it -was hard to break away when it came time to -leave. From gruff old miners up to the army -officer in his shoulder-straps, the village folk -gathered around the young ladies to wish them -God-speed.</p> - -<p>The girls shook hands with everybody and -thanked them, individually and collectively, for -their great kindness. In the last written statement -signed by Rachel Hall Munson and Sylvia -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_93">93</span> -Hall Horn, they say: “We are very sorry we -cannot recollect the names of those kind friends, -that they might appear upon record as a testimony -of their kindness to us in our destitute -condition. May the blessings of our Father in -heaven, rest upon them all!”</p> - -<p>From White Oak Springs the girls went on -to Galena, where they stopped with an old acquaintance -named Bell and were supplied with -rations by the United States’ army officers who -considered the girls their guests.</p> - -<p>They had not been there many days before -the steamboat “Winnebago” called for a load -of lead to take to St. Louis. The girls with -their brother John and their uncle Edward -Hall took passage down the Mississippi to St. -Louis where they arrived June 30, and were received -by Gov. Clark who took them to his -home and entertained them as his guests.<a id="FNanchor_40" href="#Footnote_40" class="fnanchor">40</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_40" href="#FNanchor_40" class="label">40</a> -Letter of Governor Clark to Secretary of War, -June 30, 1832; “Life of A. S. Johnston,” Johnston, 23.</p></div> - -<p>Unfortunately, at that time the cholera was -in the city and meetings of people, public demonstrations, -and entertainments, were restricted. -While the girls did not feel like attending -entertainments or going in society, the people -of St. Louis were anxious to entertain them. -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_94">94</span></p> - -<p>A purse of $470.00 was collected, and, at the -request of the girls, was put into the hands of -Mr. Horn for investment. Other small sums of -money were given to the girls to pay their incidental -expenses, and articles for their comfort -were presented to them.</p> - -<p>The girls were anxious to go home, and in -company with their brother John and Uncle -Edward they boarded the steamer “Carolina” -for Beardstown, Ill., from where they were -taken to the home of their uncle Robert Scott, -close to Mr. Horn’s. Here they remained until -Fall, when they went to the home of their -brother John who had recently married and -settled on a homestead in Bureau County, about -twenty miles west of the Davis Settlement.</p> -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_95">95</span></p> - -<h2 id="CHAPTER_XIII">CHAPTER XIII.<br /> - -<span class="large">ROMANCE AND HISTORY.</span></h2> - -<p>At a little country store down in Indiana -where the settlers usually gathered to read the -weekly newspaper, William Munson, a young -man who was born in New York, first heard of -the Hall girls and their wonderful adventure. -He was in the west seeking his fortune, and, -being an admirer of the brave and full of youthful -fire, he remarked to the people that he -would some day marry one of those girls. His -nearest friends did not take him seriously, and -the matter as a passing joke was soon forgotten. -However, with him it became a fixed idea, -and in the spring of 1833 he went to Illinois and -took up a land claim in the neighborhood where -John W. Hall lived.</p> - -<p>Every good woman is not satisfied until she -has a home of her own. This natural longing -was particularly strong in the minds of the -Hall girls, whose home had been destroyed.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i098.jpg" -alt="" /> -<p class="caption">WILLIAM MUNSON.</p> -</div> - -<p>There is no record of how William Munson -first met Rachel Hall, but our information shows -that their courtship was short; for in March, -1833, they were united in marriage, and shortly -afterwards they settled down on the land claim -entered by her father, about a mile and a half -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_96">96</span> -east of the scene of the massacre. They were -thrifty and got along splendidly, becoming one -of the foremost families of La Salle County. -Besides the rich abundance of worldly goods, -they were blessed with a large family of whom -four died in their infancy. As there was no -cemetery, the little ones were buried in the -garden. Of the other children who grew up to -manhood and womanhood, several became very -prominent and their generations became numerous. -Their four daughters were married as -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_97">97</span> -follows: Irena, to Dr. George Vance, who moved -to California; A. Miranda, to Samuel Dunavan, -who settled on a farm just north of the Munson -homestead, where she still lives; Fidelia, to -George Shaver, and Phoebe M., to John F. Reed, -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_98">98</span> -of Ottawa. Mr. Reed’s daughter Fannie was -married to James H. Eckles who was Comptroller -of the Currency under Cleveland; and -Mr. Reed’s daughter Winnie is married to Judge -Kenesaw Mountain Landis, of Chicago. Mrs. -Munson left three sons: William, Louis and -Elliot, and through them several grand-children.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i099.jpg" -alt="" /> -<p class="caption">MRS. RACHEL HALL MUNSON, AGED 42, AND YOUNGEST -SON ELLIOT.</p> -</div> - -<p>Edward Vance, a grand-son of Mrs. Munson, -is a well-known lawyer in South Dakota, and -Douglas Dunavan is a prominent lawyer at Ottawa, -Illinois. We shall not attempt to give -sketches of the various descendants of Mrs. -Munson, as it would expand too much the limits -of this volume.</p> - -<p>The shock of the massacre and subsequent -captivity impaired the splendid constitution of -Mrs. Munson, who thereafter suffered from nervousness; -but through the earlier part of her -life, she manifested unusual vigor. As Mrs. -Munson passed middle life she failed rapidly, -and on May 1, 1870, she closed her earthly -career and was laid to rest in the garden beside -her infant children who had gone before her, -and when Mr. Munson died he was interred beside -his faithful wife. Their graves are about -one and one-half miles east of Shabona Park, -on the original Hall homestead. -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_99">99</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i101.jpg" -alt="" /> -<p class="caption">BURIAL PLACE OF RACHEL AND HUSBAND.</p> -</div> - -<p>Incidentally, we noted the fact that for a -short spell the Hall girls made their home at -the residence of Rev. Robert Horn. He had a -young son, William S., who was studying for -the ministry, and as both belonged to the same -church (Methodist) and were born in Kentucky, -we cannot say that the unexpected -happened. He was one year younger than Sylvia. -The love story of these young people -would gratify any novel writer. When Sylvia -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_100">100</span> -left with her sister to make her home with her -brother John, she and Mr. Horn looked upon -each other with great affection. The marriage -of Rachel emphasized the yearnings of Sylvia -for her own home, and May 5, 1833, she was -married to Mr. Horn and settled in Cass County, -Illinois. There were born to Mr. and Mrs. Horn, -eleven children. Mr. Horn’s vocation called -him from one place to another. Having served -in the ministry in Illinois, he first went to Missouri, -thence to Peru, Nebraska, next to a parish -near Lincoln, and finally settled down at -Auburn, Nemaha County, Nebraska, where he -died May 8, 1888, leaving him surviving, his -widow, Mrs. Sylvia Hall Horn, and several -children and grand-children.</p> - -<p>Mr. Horn became an elder of the M. E. Episcopal -church, and held several high church offices. -Elder Horn was noted for his intense -religious zeal, and, figuratively speaking, he -died in the harness of exhaustion and old age. -He was buried in Mt. Vernon Cemetery, Peru, -Nebraska.</p> - -<p>After the death of Elder Horn, Mrs. Sylvia -Hall Horn made her home with her son, Thomas -S. Horn, in Auburn, Nebraska, where she died -January 11, 1899, aged 85 years, 10 months and -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_101">101</span> -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_102">102</span> -16 days. Mrs. Horn was buried beside her husband -with whom she had happily lived for 55 -years. She left surviving her a host of descendants.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i103.jpg" -alt="" /> -<p class="caption">MRS SYLVIA HALL HORN AND ELDER HORN.</p> -</div> - -<p>In the fall of 1867, John W. Hall, Mrs. Munson, -and her husband, made a visit to Elder -Horn’s, Auburn, Nebraska, during which Mr. -Hall and his sisters narrated the incidents of -the massacre and captivity, which were reduced -to writing by the Elder and published. The -manuscripts are now in the custody of Mrs. -Eckels of Chicago. In his statement Mr. Hall -says: “After thirty-five years of toil have -passed over my head since the memorable occasion, -my memory is in some things rather dim.” -Mrs. Munson and Mrs. Horn close their recital -as follows: “Thus we have given the circumstances -of our captivity and the rescue as nearly -as we can recollect at this date, September 7, -1867.” The former published statements of -the ladies substantially agree with this last -one. All their statements and public interviews -have been freely used and completely worked -into this narrative.<a id="FNanchor_41" href="#Footnote_41" class="fnanchor">41</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_41" href="#FNanchor_41" class="label">41</a> -3 Smith’s “History of Wisconsin” (1854), 187; -“The Black Hawk War” (Stevens), 150.</p></div> - -<p>In 1833 the state of Illinois donated to Mrs. -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_103">103</span> -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_104">104</span> -Munson and Mrs. Horn, 160 acres of land that -the United States had given to the state towards -the construction of the canal between -Chicago and Ottawa. At that time the land -was not valuable, and netted but a small sum -to the ladies. Now that land is within the city -of Joliet and is worth considerable money.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i105.jpg" -alt="" /> -<p class="caption">THREE GENERATIONS OF RACHEL.</p> - -<p>1, Mrs. Dunavan (daughter); 3, Mrs. Hum, 4, Mrs. Watts and 8, Mrs. Rogers (grand-daughters); -5, Howard and 6, Gladys Hum and 7, Baby Watts (great-grandchildren); -2, Samuel Dunavan (son-in-law).</p> -</div> - -<p>It has been asserted—and published in books, -that Congress voted gifts of money to the girls; -but in answer to an inquiry made at the United -States Treasury, the author was informed that -no such appropriation has ever been made, and -Mrs. Dunavan says that she never knew of her -mother’s receiving any money from the government.</p> - -<p>In 1877 Mr. Munson erected a very handsome -monument on the spot where his wife’s parents -and the others who died with them were buried. -It is a graceful shaft.</p> - -<p>In 1905, through the efforts of friends of the -persons who were massacred at Indian Creek -on May 21st, 1832, the Illinois legislature appropriated -the sum of five thousand dollars to -place a monument at the grave where the victims -were buried.<a id="FNanchor_42" href="#Footnote_42" class="fnanchor">42</a> On August 29, 1906, the -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_105">105</span> -new monument was dedicated with much ceremony, -music and orations. Among the speakers -were the venerable Hon. John W. Henderson -and his brother, Gen. T. J. Henderson, who -were boys at the time that the massacre occurred, -the former being one of the persons -who were planting corn south of the Davis cottage -on that day, and who with John W. Hall -escaped to Ottawa.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_42" href="#FNanchor_42" class="label">42</a> -Laws of Illinois, 1905, p. 42.</p></div> - -<p>A full account of the dedication will be found -in the newspapers and in the records of the -Illinois Historical Society.<a id="FNanchor_43" href="#Footnote_43" class="fnanchor">43</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_43" href="#FNanchor_43" class="label">43</a> -“Ottawa Journal,” August 30, 1906; “Bureau -County Republican,” August 30, 1906; XII., “Transactions -of the Illinois State Historical Society,” p. -339.</p></div> -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_106">106</span></p> - -<h2 id="CHAPTER_XIV">CHAPTER XIV.<br /> - -<span class="large">SHABONA</span><a id="FNanchor_44" href="#Footnote_44" class="fnanchor">44</a>.</h2> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_44" href="#FNanchor_44" class="label">44</a> -This chief’s name is spelled in many different -ways, to-wit: “Sha-bom-ri,” in Smith’s History of -Wisconsin; “Shah-bee-nay,” by Mrs. Kinzie in Wau-Bun; -“Shaubena,” by Matson; “Shau-be-nee,” by -Kingston; “Chab-on-eh,” “Shab-eh-ney,” “Shabonee,” -and “Shaubena,” in the Appleton’s Encyclopedia of -American Biographies, and on his tombstone his -name is spelled “Shabona”. In Illinois, places named -after him are spelled Shabbona and Shabonier, the -latter being the French spelling. As Mr. Smith, Mrs. -Kinzie, Mr. Matson, and Mr. Kingston, knew Shabona -well, the weight of evidence seems to be in -favor of spelling his name Shaubena, which is in -accordance with the spelling of Indian words. The -second <i>b</i> is not heard in the usual pronounciation of -“Shabbona” (Shab‘-eh-ney), and it causes strangers -to mispronounce the name. Even the word “Sac”, -is usually pronounced Sauk, and is generally spelled -Sauk. Very many Indian names have the diphthong -<i>au</i> as shown by names of rivers and places. Consequently, -it would seem that the first syllable should -be spelled S-h-a-u-b.</p></div> - -<p>The story of the Hall girls’ adventures would -not be properly finished without some further -mention of Chief Shabona. Probably no other -Indian in the West knew more white people, -individually, than he knew; also, he was known -at sight to more white people than was any -other chief of his time. His name was so familiar -among the whites, that its mere mention was -a safe passport to any home of the settlers. -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_107">107</span> -Shabona was well aware of that fact and he -always introduced himself as “Mr. Shabona.”</p> - -<p>Baldwin says that Shabona was born in -Canada; but Matson asserts that he was born on -the Kankakee in Will County, Illinois; and the -“Handbook of American Indians” gives Maumee -River, Illinois, as his birthplace. This contention -of many countries as the place of Shabona’s -birth, proves the greatness of the man. -Argos, Rhodes, Smyrna, Chios, Colophon, and -several other cities, claim to be the birthplace -of Homer; and Scotland, England, Wales, and -Brittany, of St. Patrick. Authors agree that -Shabona was born in 1775 and dwelt at Shabona’s -Grove for fifty years. He was a grand-nephew -of Pontiac and his father who was an -Ottawa chief, fought under Pontiac. Shabona -was six feet tall, erect, and weighed over two -hundred pounds.</p> - -<p>During the wars of 1812, 1827 and 1832, -Shabona rendered great services to the white -people by saving the lives of many of them who -were taken captives by the Indians, and by protecting -the home of John Kinzie and his friends -during the Chicago massacre. However, with -his tribe he joined in the border war against -the whites and fought beside Tecumseh when -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_108">108</span> -he fell at the battle of the Thames. That was -the last time that Shabona raised a hand against -the white people.</p> - -<p>When Col. Richard M. Johnson, who commanded -the American army at the Thames became -vice-president of the United States, Shabona -made a visit to him at Washington. The -vice-president gave Shabona a heavy gold ring, -which he wore until his death and at his request -it was buried with him.</p> - -<p>On account of Shabona’s great services to the -white people, the state of Illinois gave him two -and one-half sections of land at the site of his -Paw-Paw Village. In 1837 the last of Shabona’s -tribe having been moved to a Kansas -reservation, he followed them with his family -consisting of twenty-seven persons, including -his son Pypagee and nephew Pyps who were -soon thereafter slain by the Sacs for the parts -that they played in notifying the whites to flee -to Ottawa, before the massacre at Indian Creek. -Shabona was warned that the Sacs were scheming -to assassinate him, because of his efforts to -save the whites, and in 1855 he returned to -Illinois.</p> - -<p>Before Shabona left Illinois for Kansas, he -placed his lands in the hands of an agent named -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_109">109</span> -Norton to collect the rents, pay the taxes and -to look after them generally. Unconscionable -settlers squatted on Shabona’s lands and filed -in the government land office, affidavits that -Shabona had abandoned the lands, and on that -proof and some technicalities the lands were -again sold as public lands, and on Shabona’s -return he found his domain in the possession -of the squatters who claimed to be the owners. -Shabona could not help feeling that he had been -cheated by the whites, after all he had done for -them, and the old man sat on a log near where -his village had formerly stood and wept -bitterly.</p> - -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">“And man, whose heaven-erected face<br /></span> -<span class="i0">The smiles of love adorn,<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Man’s inhumanity to man<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Makes countless thousands mourn!”<br /></span> -</div></div> -</div> - -<p>Shortly after his return, as Shabona was cutting -a few poles to erect a tent on the margin -of the grove that bore his name, a settler attacked -him and forcibly drove him off the land, -and shamefully abused the old man. Then for -some time homeless, he wandered about from -place to place, the few remaining whites whom -he had befriended, always giving him a warm -welcome. The old warrior’s plight aroused the -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_110">110</span> -dormant gratitude of a few whites who raised -a fund with which they bought for him at Seneca, -on Mazon Creek, near the Illinois River, -twenty acres of land which they cultivated and -erected a dwelling-house thereon. Because of -his natural desire to live out-doors, Shabona -lived in a tent nearby and used the cottage for -storage purposes. Through the efforts of his -friends, the government granted him a pension -of two hundred dollars a year, on which he subsisted -until he died in 1859, at the age of eighty-four -years, and was buried in Evergreen Cemetery, -at Morris, Illinois.<a id="FNanchor_45" href="#Footnote_45" class="fnanchor">45</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_45" href="#FNanchor_45" class="label">45</a> -7, Wis. Hist. Col., 415-421; History of La Salle -County, Baldwin, 110.</p></div> - -<p>When Shabona was dying, he said: “I want -no monument erected to my memory; my life -has been mark enough for me.” However, his -friends erected at his grave a granite boulder -five feet long by three feet high, which bears -only this simple inscription: “Shabona, 1775-1859.”<a id="FNanchor_46" href="#Footnote_46" class="fnanchor">46</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_46" href="#FNanchor_46" class="label">46</a> -“Evergreen Cemetery” (printed pamphlet), p. 4.</p></div> - -<p>The state of Illinois purchased a part of the -Davis’ homestead, including the place of the -massacre and mill-dam, and named it “Shabbona -Park.”</p> -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_111">111</span></p> - -<h2 id="CHAPTER_XV">CHAPTER XV.<br /> - -<span class="large">CO-MEE AND TO-QUA-MEE.</span></h2> - -<p>Some of our readers may ask, Was anyone -prosecuted for the massacre at Indian Creek? -Oh, yes! Co-mee and To-qua-mee who had tried -to buy Rachel and Sylvia Hall from their father, -as related in Chapter III., were, in the spring -of 1833, at Ottawa, Illinois, indicted by a grand -jury, and a warrant issued and placed in the -hands of Sheriff George E. Walker who had -been an Indian trader and spoke the Pottawatomie -language, to make the arrests. The Indians -had gone to Iowa with Black Hawk and -had become members of his tribe.</p> - -<p>Alone, Sheriff Walker went to the Sac reservation -and placed the Indians under arrest. -The two Indians made no resistance, but unshackled -accompanied the sheriff to Ottawa. -They were allowed to go on a bond signed by -themselves, Shabona, and several other Indians, -upon their promises upon their honor to -return for trial.</p> - -<p>When the time for the trial arrived the Indians -were on hand, although they had told -their friends that they expected to be executed. -Many of the friends of the people who had been -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_112">112</span> -massacred, armed and threatening to shoot the -prisoners, if they should be liberated, attended -the trial. There was no jail in Ottawa at the -time, so the trial was held under a great tree -on the bank of the Illinois. All through the -trial the sheriff with a posse of armed men, -guarded the Indians.</p> - -<p>Mrs. Munson and Mrs. Horn, the principal -witnesses, could not positively identify either -of the Indians, and as the Indians had voluntarily -stood their trial when they might have -escaped, the jury acquitted them. When the -trial was over the Indians’ friends gave them a -banquet at Buffalo Rock (six miles down the -Illinois), to which the sheriff and several other -prominent men of the time were invited. A -fat deer and choice game were parts of the -menu, and a great red-white pow-wow was a -part of the celebration.</p> - -<p>It is said that subsequently when To-qua-mee -and Co-mee were drinking with their friends, -they admitted that they were present at the -massacre, and that they took part in it only -because they were angered at Davis for building -the dam across Indian Creek. Also, they -stated that it was through their influence that -the lives of the Hall girls were spared, which -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_113">113</span> -was an express condition upon which they insisted -before they would take part in the massacre. -However, Black Hawk in his autobiography -states that it was the Sac Indians who -saved the lives of the girls; and White Crow in -his speech at Morrison’s, said that the Sacs intended -to kill the girls and that the Winnebagoes -saved their lives.<a id="FNanchor_47" href="#Footnote_47" class="fnanchor">47</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_47" href="#FNanchor_47" class="label">47</a> -XI. Transactions of Illinois Historical Society, -1906, p. 313; Memories of Shabona, 165-168; Black -Hawk’s Autobiography, 111; Ante, p. 83.</p></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_114">114</span></p> - -<h2 id="INDEX">INDEX</h2> - -<ul class="index"> -<li class="ifrst">A.</li> -<li class="indx">Adoption of Captives by chiefs, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li> -<li class="indx">Agriculture and civilization, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> -<li class="indx">Atkinson, Gen. at Ottawa, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li> -<li class="isub1">letter to Col. Gratiot, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li> -<li class="isub1">offers reward, <a href="#Page_54">54</a></li> -<li class="indx">Auburn, where Elder Horn died, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> -<li class="ifrst">B.</li> -<li class="indx">Battle of “Stillman’s Run”, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li> -<li class="isub1">The Pecatonica, <a href="#Page_92">92</a></li> -<li class="indx">Beloit, Turtle village, <a href="#Page_55">55</a></li> -<li class="indx">Beouchard, Lieut. Edward, <a href="#Page_55">55</a></li> -<li class="isub1">meeting captives, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> -<li class="indx">Big Fox, camp near, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li> -<li class="indx">Black Earth Creek, camp on, <a href="#Page_76">76</a></li> -<li class="indx">Black Hawk War, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li> -<li class="indx">Black Hawk, born at Rock Island, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> -<li class="isub1">council of, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> -<li class="isub1">fought with English, 1812, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> -<li class="isub1">grief of, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li> -<li class="isub1">love of country, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> -<li class="isub1">ordered to move to Iowa, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> -<li class="isub1">return to Illinois, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> -<li class="isub1">speech of, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> -<li class="isub1">second council of, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li> -<li class="indx">Black Hawk’s Grove, arrival at, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li> -<li class="indx">Black Hawk “Lookout”, camp near, <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li> -<li class="indx">Black Hawk, picture of as a warrior, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li> -<li class="isub1">picture of as civilian, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li> -<li class="indx">Black Hawk’s village, <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li> -<li class="indx">Blacksmith, important settler, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> -<li class="indx">Blockhouses, building of, <a href="#Page_54">54</a></li> -<li class="indx">Brigham, Ebenezer, Indian feast, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> -<li class="indx">Buckwheat as first crop, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> -<li class="indx">Buffalo, herds of, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> -<li class="indx">“Burnt City”, near Ft. Atkinson, Wis., <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li> -<li class="ifrst">C.</li> -<li class="indx">Camp on Wisconsin river, <a href="#Page_74">74</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Black Hawk’s Grove, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Black Hawk’s “Lookout”, camp near, <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Cold Spring, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Horicon Lake, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Portage, camp near, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> -<li class="indx">Canada, Indian voyages to, <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li> -<li class="indx">Canoes, where girls entered, <a href="#Page_68">68</a></li> -<li class="indx">Captives, Indians kill when attacked, <a href="#Page_71">71</a></li> -<li class="indx">Captivity of Hall girls, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li> -<li class="indx">“Carolina”, St. Louis to Beardstown, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li> -<li class="indx">Chickens, prairie, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> -<li class="indx">Chippewas, Indians, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li> -<li class="indx">Cholera at St. Louis, <a href="#Page_93">93</a></li> -<li class="indx">Civilization, marriage and agriculture, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> -<li class="indx">Clark, Gov., of Missouri, <a href="#Page_93">93</a></li> -<li class="indx">Clothes, Indians furnish Hall girls, <a href="#Page_62">62</a></li> -<li class="indx">Cold Spring, camping at, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li> -<li class="indx">Comb, Rachel’s thrown away, <a href="#Page_62">62</a></li> -<li class="indx">Co-mee, tried to buy wife, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> -<li class="isub1">arrest of for murder, <a href="#Page_111">111</a></li> -<li class="isub1">acquittal, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li> -<li class="isub1">alleged confession of murder, <a href="#Page_113">113</a></li> -<li class="indx">Country, description of, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">D.</li> -<li class="indx">Dam across Indian Creek, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Indians object to, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Indian tears outlet through, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li> -<li class="indx">Dancing of Indians, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></li> -<li class="indx">Davis City, dream of, <a href="#Page_28">28</a></li> -<li class="indx">Davis, Jefferson, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> -<li class="indx">Davis Settlement, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> -<li class="indx">Davis, Alex., escape of, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li> -<li class="indx">Davis, William, sketch of, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> -<li class="isub1">children of murdered, <a href="#Page_35">35</a></li> -<li class="isub1">murdered by Indians, <a href="#Page_35">35</a></li> -<li class="isub1">powerful and brave, <a href="#Page_28">28</a></li> -<li class="isub1">whipped Indian with stick, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li> -<li class="indx">Davis, Wm., Jr., escape of, <a href="#Page_35">35</a></li> -<li class="indx">Dedication of State Monument, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li> -<li class="indx">Deer, herds of, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> -<li class="indx">Description of country, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> -<li class="indx">Dixon, center of trails, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li> -<li class="indx">Dodge, Col., raises troops, <a href="#Page_54">54</a></li> -<li class="isub1">address to Indians, <a href="#Page_85">85</a></li> -<li class="isub1">command at Blue Mounds, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li> -<li class="isub1">takes hostages, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li> -<li class="indx">Drunkenness in Militia, <a href="#Page_52">52</a></li> -<li class="indx">“Dry Year”, the, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li> -<li class="indx">Dunavan, Mrs. A. Miranda, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li> -<li class="isub1">information given by, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li> -<li class="indx">Dunavan, Samuel, married Miss Munson, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li> -<li class="isub1">picture of, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li> -<li class="ifrst">E.</li> -<li class="indx">Eckles, Hon. James II., U. S. Treasurer, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> -<li class="indx">Eckles, Winnie, married to Judge Landis, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> -<li class="indx">English government pensioned Sacs, <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li> -<li class="indx">Evidence, best, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li> -<li class="ifrst">F.</li> -<li class="indx">Family history, Munson, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li> -<li class="indx">Family history, Horn, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> -<li class="indx">Fire, a prairie, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> -<li class="indx">Flag of Truce, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> -<li class="indx">Flowers, many beautiful, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a> -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_115">115</span></li> -<li class="isub1">great growth of, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li> -<li class="indx">Forests, trees of, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li> -<li class="indx">Fort Defiance, rest at, <a href="#Page_78">78</a></li> -<li class="indx">Fort Winnebago, Portage, <a href="#Page_78">78</a></li> -<li class="indx">Fox Indians, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li> -<li class="indx">Fox river, description of, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> -<li class="ifrst">G.</li> -<li class="indx">Galena, meeting of people, <a href="#Page_54">54</a></li> -<li class="indx">Game, abundance of, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> -<li class="indx">Geology of country, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li> -<li class="indx">George, Henry, at work on dam, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li> -<li class="isub1">shot by Indians, <a href="#Page_36">36</a></li> -<li class="indx">Gratiot, Capt. Bion, and Indians, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li> -<li class="isub1">wife of, cultured, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a></li> -<li class="indx">Gratiot, Col. Henry, Indians’ friend, <a href="#Page_55">55</a></li> -<li class="isub1">address to Indians, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li> -<li class="indx">Gratiot’s Grove, description of, <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li> -<li class="ifrst">H.</li> -<li class="indx">Hair, ceremony of clipping, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> -<li class="isub1">cutting locks from captives, <a href="#Page_68">68</a></li> -<li class="isub1">scalp, double meaning of, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> -<li class="indx">Hall girls, as captives, <a href="#Page_41">41-47</a>, <a href="#Page_59">59-65</a></li> -<li class="isub1">adopted by chiefs, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li> -<li class="isub1">and neighbors’ horses, <a href="#Page_39">39</a></li> -<li class="isub1">at Black Earth Creek, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li> -<li class="isub1">at Black Hawk’s Grove, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li> -<li class="isub1">at Blue Mounds, <a href="#Page_79">79-83</a></li> -<li class="isub1">at Cold Spring, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li> -<li class="isub1">at Fort Defiance, <a href="#Page_88">88</a></li> -<li class="isub1">at Galena, <a href="#Page_93">93</a></li> -<li class="isub1">at Gratiot’s Grove, <a href="#Page_88">88-90</a></li> -<li class="isub1">at Horicon, Lake, <a href="#Page_66">66-67</a></li> -<li class="isub1">at Kishwaukee river, <a href="#Page_42">42-44</a></li> -<li class="isub1">at Morrison’s, <a href="#Page_84">84-88</a></li> -<li class="isub1">at Portage, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> -<li class="isub1">at St. Louis, <a href="#Page_93">93</a></li> -<li class="isub1">at White Oak Springs, <a href="#Page_90">90-92</a></li> -<li class="isub1">description of, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li> -<li class="isub1">dresses given by squaws, <a href="#Page_62">62</a></li> - -<li class="isub1">food of captives, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a></li> -<li class="isub1">guests of Gov. Clark, <a href="#Page_93">93</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Indians wanted as wives, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> -<li class="isub1">kept apart in traveling, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li> -<li class="isub1">letter from Rev. Horn, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li> -<li class="isub1">painted by squaws, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li> -<li class="isub1">popular appellation of, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li> -<li class="isub1">prayers of, <a href="#Page_39">39</a></li> -<li class="isub1">presents to, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li> -<li class="isub1">purse collected for, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Rachel exhausted, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> -<li class="isub1">religious offerings, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li> -<li class="isub1">sleeping between squaws, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li> -<li class="isub1">tiresome traveling, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a></li> -<li class="isub1">weeping of, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a></li> -<li class="isub1">wept parting squaws, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> -<li class="indx">Hall, Edward, in militia, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> -<li class="indx">Hall, Elizabeth, killed by Indians, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a></li> -<li class="indx">Hall, Greenbury, escape of, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a></li> -<li class="indx">Hall, John W., escape of, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a></li> -<li class="isub1">buries massacred whites, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li> -<li class="isub1">meets sisters, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li> -<li class="isub1">recruits squadron, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li> -<li class="isub1">searches for sisters, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a></li> -<li class="isub1">statement of, <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li> -<li class="isub1">visits sisters in Nebraska, <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li> -<li class="indx">Hall, Reason, in Militia, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> -<li class="indx">Hall, Rachel, one of the “Hall girls”, ages of, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> -<li class="isub1">death of, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> -<li class="isub1">exhausted, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> -<li class="isub1">family of, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> -<li class="isub1">marriage of, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li> -<li class="isub1">picture of, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li> -<li class="isub1">state land gift, <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li> -<li class="isub1">tomb of, <a href="#Page_99">99</a></li> -<li class="isub1">wading Kishwaukee, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li> -<li class="indx">Hall, Sylvia, one of the “Hall girls”, ages of, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> -<li class="isub1">death of, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> -<li class="isub1">fainted at sight of scalp, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li> -<li class="isub1">family of, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> -<li class="isub1">marriage of, <a href="#Page_100">100</a> -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_116">116</span></li> -<li class="isub1">pictures of, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li> -<li class="isub1">state land gift to, <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li> -<li class="indx">Hall, William, sketch of, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> -<li class="isub1">family of, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> -<li class="isub1">hospitality, noted, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> -<li class="isub1">shot by Indians, <a href="#Page_35">35</a></li> -<li class="indx">Hall, Mrs. Wm., massacred, <a href="#Page_34">34-35</a></li> -<li class="indx">Harney, Gen., U. S. officer, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li> -<li class="indx">Harrison, president, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> -<li class="indx">Hearts, human on spears, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li> -<li class="indx">Henderson, Hon. John W., escape of, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a></li> -<li class="isub1">memorial oration of, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li> -<li class="indx">Henderson, John H., settler, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> -<li class="indx">Henderson, Gen. T. J., oration, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li> -<li class="indx">Home, longing for, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li> -<li class="indx">Horicon Lake, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li> -<li class="indx">Horn, Mr. C. L., grandson of Elder, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li> -<li class="indx">Horn, Miss Sylvia E., grandchild of Elder, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li> -<li class="indx">Horn, Thomas S., son of Elder, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> -<li class="indx">Horn, Elder W. S., sketch of, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li> -<li class="isub1">marries Sylvia Hall, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> -<li class="isub1">picture of, <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li> -<li class="indx">Horses stolen from settlers, <a href="#Page_39">39</a></li> -<li class="indx">Howard, Allen, escape of, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a></li> -<li class="ifrst">I.</li> -<li class="indx">Illinois river, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li> -<li class="indx">Indian troubles, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li> -<li class="isub1">bands attack settlers, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li> -<li class="isub1">land claims, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li> -<li class="isub1">marriage custom, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> -<li class="isub1">scare, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li> -<li class="isub1">whipped by Davis, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li> -<li class="indx">Indians: Foxes, Sacs, etc., <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li> -<li class="isub1">attack Davis cottage, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li> -<li class="isub1">attempt to get girls, <a href="#Page_69">69</a></li> -<li class="isub1">carry away Hall girls, <a href="#Page_39">39</a></li> -<li class="isub1">conspiracy suspected, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li> -<li class="isub1">parting from Hall girls, <a href="#Page_88">88</a></li> -<li class="isub1">refusal to ratify treaty, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li> -<li class="isub1">taken to Morrison’s, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li> -<li class="isub1">trial of for murder, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li> -<li class="isub1">wrongs of, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">J.</li> -<li class="indx">Jackson, President Andrew, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> -<li class="indx">Jerome, Judge Edwin, guest of Halls, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> -<li class="indx">Johnson, Gen. Albert Sydney, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> -<li class="indx">Johnson, Col. R. M., and Shabona, <a href="#Page_108">108</a></li> -<li class="ifrst">K.</li> -<li class="indx">Kaskaskia, mission and capital, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> -<li class="indx">Kishwaukee river, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li> -<li class="indx">Kishwaukee Trail, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li> -<li class="ifrst">L.</li> -<li class="indx">La Fayette, Gen., at Kaskaskia, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> -<li class="indx">Land, Indian claims to, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li> -<li class="isub1">donated to Hall girls, <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li> -<li class="indx">Landis, Judge K. M., married Winnie Eckles, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> -<li class="indx">Lands, treaty as to, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li> -<li class="indx">Lincoln, Capt. Abraham, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li> -<li class="isub1">anecdote of, <a href="#Page_53">53</a></li> -<li class="isub1">President, at Kaskaskia, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> -<li class="indx">Little Priest, Indian chief, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li> -<li class="isub1">as hostage, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li> -<li class="ifrst">M.</li> -<li class="indx">Maple sugar, abundance, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></li> -<li class="indx">Marquette, Father, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> -<li class="indx">Marriage and civilization, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Indian wife purchase, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> -<li class="indx">Massacre, the Indian Creek, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li> -<li class="indx">Medary, George, Hotel of, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li> -<li class="indx">Michigan, excitement in, <a href="#Page_54">54</a></li> -<li class="indx">Mill, necessity in settlement, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> -<li class="indx">Miller, important settler, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> -<li class="indx">Military movements, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li> -<li class="indx">Military Road, course of, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a></li> -<li class="indx">Militia, drunk, <a href="#Page_52">52</a></li> -<li class="indx">Monument erected by Munson, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a> -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_117">117</span></li> -<li class="indx">Monument erected by state, <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li> -<li class="indx">Monuments on site of massacre, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li> -<li class="indx">Munson, Rachel, three generations of, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li> -<li class="isub1">burial place of, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> -<li class="isub1">given land, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li> -<li class="indx">Munson, William, sketch of, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li> -<li class="isub1">family of, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> -<li class="isub1">picture of, <a href="#Page_96">96</a></li> -<li class="ifrst">N.</li> -<li class="indx">Neighbors, helping each other, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> -<li class="indx">Norris, Robert, at work on dam, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li> -<li class="isub1">shot by Indians, <a href="#Page_36">36</a></li> -<li class="ifrst">O.</li> -<li class="indx">Oconomowoc river, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li> -<li class="isub1">lakes around, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li> -<li class="indx">Ox-teams for breaking prairie, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> -<li class="ifrst">P.</li> -<li class="indx">Paw Paw, Shabona’s village, <a href="#Page_108">108</a></li> -<li class="indx">Pecatonica, battle of, <a href="#Page_92">92</a></li> -<li class="indx">Pensions from England, <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li> -<li class="indx">Peru, home of Elder Horn, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> -<li class="indx">Pettigrew, Wm., sketch of, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> -<li class="isub1">baby killed by Indian, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></li> -<li class="isub1">killed by Indians, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Mrs., shot in cottage, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></li> -<li class="indx">Picture of a prairie fire, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Black Hawk as civilian, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Black Hawk as warrior, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Chief Shabona, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Monuments, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Mrs. Dunavan, Mrs. Hum, Mrs. Watts, Howard Hum, Gladys Hum, Samuel Dunavan, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Mrs. Rachel Hall Munson and son Elliott, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li> - -<li class="isub1">Mrs. W. S. Horn and the Elder, <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li> -<li class="isub1">none of Misses Hall, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Shabona Park, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li> -<li class="isub1">where girls entered canoes, <a href="#Page_69">69</a></li> -<li class="isub1">William Munson, after middle life, <a href="#Page_96">96</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Wisconsin river, <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li> -<li class="isub1">tombs of Rachel and her husband, <a href="#Page_99">99</a></li> -<li class="indx">Portage, where girls took canoes, <a href="#Page_69">69</a></li> -<li class="indx">Pottawatomie Indians, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_53">53</a></li> -<li class="indx">Prairie breaking, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> -<li class="indx">Purse for Hall girls, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li> -<li class="indx">Pursuit of Indians, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li> -<li class="indx">Pypagee, Shabona’s son, friend of settlers, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_108">108</a></li> -<li class="indx">Pyps, Shabona’s nephew, friend of settlers, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_108">108</a></li> -<li class="ifrst">Q.</li> -<li class="indx">Quails, plentiful, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> -<li class="ifrst">R.</li> -<li class="indx">Rabbits, abundant, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> -<li class="indx">Rachel’s comb, taken by Indian, <a href="#Page_62">62</a></li> -<li class="indx">Rachel ransomed, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li> -<li class="indx">Ransom from Sacs, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> -<li class="indx">Ratification, refusal of Indians, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li> -<li class="indx">Red Bird war, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li> -<li class="indx">Red Flag promenade, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></li> -<li class="indx">Reed, John, marries Phoebe Munson, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> -<li class="indx">Reed, Fannie, married to Mr. Eckles, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> -<li class="indx">Religion, Indian offering, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li> -<li class="indx">Religious ceremony, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a></li> -<li class="indx">Reward offered, <a href="#Page_54">54</a></li> -<li class="isub1">payment in goods, <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li> -<li class="indx">Rivers, formation of, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li> -<li class="indx">Road, safest to Blue Mounds, <a href="#Page_68">68</a></li> -<li class="indx">Rock river, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> -<li class="isub1">rapids passed by captives, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li> -<li class="indx">Romance and history, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li> -<li class="indx">Royally welcomed, <a href="#Page_79">79</a> -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_118">118</span></li> - -<li class="ifrst">S.</li> -<li class="indx">Sacs claim land, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li> -<li class="isub1">follow girls to Portage, <a href="#Page_71">71</a></li> -<li class="isub1">danger expected, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li> -<li class="indx">Sauk Trail, <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li> -<li class="indx">Scalp, double meaning of, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> -<li class="indx">Scalping victims, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></li> -<li class="indx">Scanlan, Miss Marian, contributor, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li> -<li class="indx">Scanlan, Miss Gertrude, contributor, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li> -<li class="indx">Scott, uncle of Hall girls, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li> -<li class="indx">Settlement, Davis, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> -<li class="indx">Settlers attacked by Indians, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li> -<li class="isub1">rush to Ottawa, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li> -<li class="isub1">return to Davis settlement, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li> -<li class="indx">Shabona, sketch of, <a href="#Page_106">106</a></li> -<li class="isub1">abuse of by squatters, <a href="#Page_109">109</a></li> -<li class="isub1">cheated out of his lands, <a href="#Page_109">109</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Col. Johnson’s gift ring to, <a href="#Page_108">108</a></li> -<li class="isub1">grave of, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></li> -<li class="isub1">home on Mazon creek, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> -<li class="isub1">notifies whites, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Park, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Paw Paw Village of, <a href="#Page_108">108</a></li> -<li class="isub1">picture of, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> -<li class="isub1">removal to Kansas, <a href="#Page_108">108</a></li> -<li class="isub1">second notice to settlers, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li> -<li class="isub1">tomb of, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> -<li class="indx">Shaver, Delia, married to William Munson, Jr., <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> -<li class="indx">Shaver, George, married Fidelia Munson, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li> -<li class="indx">Sod corn, first crop, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> -<li class="indx">Somonauk, passing headwaters, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></li> -<li class="indx">Spotted Arm, chief, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></li> -<li class="isub1">as hostage, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li> -<li class="indx">Springfield, state capital, 1837, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> -<li class="indx">Starved Rock State Park, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> -<li class="indx">Stillman, Major, defeat of, “Stillman’s Run”, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li> -<li class="indx">“Stillman’s Run”, rout at, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a></li> -<li class="isub1">militia undisciplined, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li> -<li class="isub1">pursuing Indians, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li> -<li class="isub1">truce flag abused, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li> -<li class="indx">Stockades, building of, <a href="#Page_54">54</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Storms, rains, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li> -<li class="indx">St. Louis, girls ship for, <a href="#Page_93">93</a></li> -<li class="indx">Sycamore river, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li> -<li class="indx">Sycamore at rising of moon, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li> -<li class="indx">Sylvia Hall, one of the “Hall girls”, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li> -<li class="isub1">first ransomed, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> -<li class="ifrst">T.</li> -<li class="indx">Taylor Gen., report to Atkinson, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li> -<li class="indx">Tecumseh, Chief, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li> -<li class="indx">To-qua-mee, arrest for murder, <a href="#Page_111">111</a></li> -<li class="isub1">acquitted of murder, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li> -<li class="isub1">alleged confession of murder, <a href="#Page_113">113</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Indian marriage, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> -<li class="indx">Torture, not women captives, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></li> -<li class="indx">Traditions proved, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li> -<li class="indx">Treaty of 1804, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li> -<li class="isub1">Articles, <a href="#Page_13">13-16</a></li> -<li class="indx">Turkeys on prairies, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> -<li class="indx">Turnips, first crop, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> -<li class="indx">Turtle Creek, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li> -<li class="indx">Turtle Village, <a href="#Page_55">55</a> -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_119">119</span></li> - -<li class="ifrst">V.</li> -<li class="indx">Vance, Ed., lawyer in Dakota, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> -<li class="indx">Vance, Dr. G., marries Irma Munson, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li> -<li class="ifrst">W.</li> -<li class="indx">Walker, Sheriff, fearless, <a href="#Page_111">111</a></li> -<li class="indx">Waterway, Green Bay to Prairie du Chien, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li> -<li class="indx">Watts, Mrs., picture of, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li> -<li class="indx">Waubansee, friend of the whites, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> -<li class="indx">Whirling Thunder, promises assistance, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></li> -<li class="indx">White Crow, promises assistance, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></li> -<li class="isub1">character and appearance, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> -<li class="isub1">makes speech to girls, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li> -<li class="isub1">speech at Morrison’s, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></li> -<li class="isub1">speaks English to captives, <a href="#Page_74">74</a></li> -<li class="indx">White Oak Springs, description of, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a></li> -<li class="indx">Whiteside with Harney, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li> -<li class="isub1">finds white scalps, <a href="#Page_50">50</a></li> -<li class="indx">Winnebago Indians, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li> -<li class="indx">“Winnebago”, steamboat for St. Louis, <a href="#Page_93">93</a></li> -<li class="indx">Wisconsin river scenery, <a href="#Page_73">73</a></li> -<li class="indx">Woods, description, <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li></ul> - -<div class="transnote"> - -<h3>Transcriber’s Note:</h3> - -<p>Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation are as in the original.</p> - -</div> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Indian Creek Massacre and Captivity of -Hall Girls, by Charles M. 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