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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e864494 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #50158 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/50158) diff --git a/old/50158-8.txt b/old/50158-8.txt deleted file mode 100644 index b911e9b..0000000 --- a/old/50158-8.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3062 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Journal of Joachim Hane, by Joachim Hane - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: The Journal of Joachim Hane - containing his escapes and sufferings during his employment - by Oliver Cromwell in France from November 1653 to February - 1654 - -Author: Joachim Hane - -Editor: Charles Harding Firth - -Release Date: October 8, 2015 [EBook #50158] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE JOURNAL OF JOACHIM HANE *** - - - - -Produced by Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images available at The Internet Archive) - - - - - - - - - _THE - JOURNAL OF JOACHIM HANE_ - - _CONTAINING HIS ESCAPES AND SUFFERINGS - DURING HIS EMPLOYMENT BY OLIVER - CROMWELL IN FRANCE FROM - NOVEMBER 1653 TO - FEBRUARY 1654_ - - _EDITED FROM THE MANUSCRIPT IN - THE LIBRARY OF WORCESTER COLLEGE, OXFORD_ - - _BY C. H. FIRTH, M.A._ - - _OXFORD_ - _B. H. BLACKWELL, 50 & 51 BROAD STREET_ - - _LONDON_ - _T. FISHER UNWIN, PATERNOSTER SQUARE_ - - _M DCCC XCVI_ - - OXFORD: HORACE HART - - PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY - - - - -INTRODUCTION - - -Joachim Hane, the author of the following journal and the hero of the -adventures recorded in it, was a German engineer in the service of the -Commonwealth. During the Civil War there were many foreign soldiers in -the armies both of the King and the Parliament. Readers of Carlyle's -_Cromwell_ will remember 'Dutch Dalbier,' from whom, according to -Carlyle, 'Cromwell first of all learned the mechanical part of -soldiering'--a soldier who first served the Parliament but met his death -at St. Neots in 1648 while heading a royalist rising against it. Another -Dutchman in the Parliament's service was Vandruske, who like Dalbier -went over to the royalist cause, and ended by seeking his fortune in the -service of the Czar. A third of these foreign adventurers was Sir -Bernard Gascoyne, or Bernardino Guasconi, a Florentine, condemned to -death with Lucas and Lisle at Colchester, but spared to be rewarded by -Charles II and to be employed by him as English envoy at Vienna. There -were many others of less note in the two armies, but it was not merely -as fighting men that the services of foreign soldiers were desired and -valued. What made officers bred abroad necessary to both parties was -their knowledge of the scientific side of warfare, a subject of which -home-made royalist and parliamentary colonels knew little or nothing. -Each party found these scientifically trained soldiers indispensable as -engineers and commanders of artillery. When the king first established -his headquarters at Oxford, and proceeded to fortify the town, he -appears to have had no qualified engineer in his army. According to Wood -the first fortifications about the city 'were mostly contrived by one -Richard Rallingson, Bachelor of Arts of Queen's College,' who was -rewarded by Charles with promotion to the rank of M.A. Such amateur -engineers might be employed at a pinch, but the chief engineer in the -service of Charles I was Sir Bernard de Gomme, another Dutchman, whose -career is excellently sketched by Mr. Gordon Goodwin in the _Dictionary -of National Biography_. The plans of the castle at Liverpool and the -citadel he designed for Dublin, with his diagrams of the battles of -Newbury and Marston Moor, are now in the British Museum. - -Dutch and German engineers also abounded on the parliamentary side. One -of the best known is Lieutenant-Colonel John Rosworm, who fortified -Manchester for the Parliament, helped to capture Liverpool Castle, and -wrote a narrative called _Good Service hitherto ill-rewarded_, setting -forth his difficulties in obtaining his pay. In Essex's army Philibert -Emmanuel du Boys held the post of Lieutenant-General of the Ordnance, -whilst in the New Model Peter Manteau Van Dalem was Engineer-General. -The names of Cornelius and Chrystoph Van Bemmell appear in the -Parliamentary Army Lists in 1648, and in 1649 Joachim Hane begins to be -mentioned. - -Fortunately, the English portion of Hane's career can be traced with -tolerable fullness. He was born at Frankfort on the Oder, and was -therefore by birth a subject of the Elector of Brandenburg. In his army, -or in some other foreign army, Hane obtained his military education. -Probably he was one of the many soldiers cast adrift by the disbanding -which followed the peace of Westphalia, and obliged thereby to seek -employment outside Germany. He appeared in England first in 1649, and -was employed by the Council of State to report on the fortifications of -Weymouth with a view to the building of a citadel there. He was also -sent to Yarmouth to consult with the governor and the officers of the -garrison on the erection of a fort[1]. In the following year Hane seems -to have accompanied Cromwell in his expedition to Scotland, and he -remained in Scotland with Monk when Cromwell marched into England. The -surrender of Stirling Castle to Monk was mainly due to Hane's skill as -an artilleryman. On August 13, says the diary of the siege, 'the -morter-pieces were planted, and Mr. Hane, the engineer, plaid with one -of the morter-pieces twice. The second shot fell into the middle of the -Castle, and did much execution. Afterwards he played with the other -great morter-piece and did execution.' On the 14th the garrison, who -were not accustomed to shells, mutinied and forced the governor to -surrender. Again, a fortnight later, at the siege of Dundee, the same -narrative records that 'Mr. Hane, the engineer, plaid the morter-piece.' -December following Hane was sent to Inverness to report on its -possibilities as a fortress, and returned with the news that it was 'not -fortifiable without a great deal of charges, nor tenable without a -greater number of men than the town can possibly provide accomodation -for.' The result was that instead of fortifying the town itself a fort -large enough to hold 2000 men was built close by it. In 1653 Hane was -again in England, though Colonel Lilburne, the Commander-in-Chief in -Scotland, was writing letter after letter to the Lord-General to demand -his return. Many officers, complained Lilburne, have been absent a long -time from their charges: 'and in particular Mr. Hane, the Engineer, of -whom wee have an exceeding great want, and I doe wonder hee should -neglect this duty soe much as hee does, his absence being the losse of -some hundreds to the State, and if wee should have any occasion to make -use of a morter-piece without Mr. Hane, there is noebody to undertake -that businesse that is fitt for itt[2].' - -But the Lord-General turned a deaf ear to Lilburne's appeals. He had -chosen Hane for a business of much more difficulty than planning forts, -and of much greater danger than playing a mortar-piece. He was kept from -his professional duties in Scotland to play a part in one of the -obscurest and least known episodes of Cromwell's foreign policy. On -October 11, 1653, Hane set sail for France on his mysterious mission, -and spent the next five months in struggling with the dangers and -privations related in this journal. - -At that time the relations of France with England were still strained -and unfriendly. It was still uncertain whether England would ally itself -with Spain against France, or with France against Spain. Charles II was -a pensioner at the French Court. In 1649 Louis XIV had prohibited the -introduction into France of all woollen stuffs or silks manufactured in -England, and the Republic had replied by forbidding the introduction -into England of wines, woollen stuffs, and silks from France. French -corsairs had made prey of English merchantmen, and English ships armed -with letters of reprisal had retaliated on French commerce. At the close -of 1651 war with France seemed much more probable than war with Holland. -The Dutch war had aggravated the situation still further by leading to -the confiscation of many French ships on the ground that they carried -Dutch goods or contraband of war. In September, 1652, Blake captured a -small French fleet sent to relieve and provision the garrison of -Dunkirk, and that place in consequence fell into the hands of the -Spaniards. At last, in December, 1652, Louis XIV, driven by necessity, -recognized the English republic and sent M. de Bordeaux to negotiate -with its rulers. - -But in spite of this recognition the possibility of English intervention -in the civil struggles in France was not ended. In September, 1651, the -third war of the Fronde--the 'Fronde Espagnole'--began. Condé raised the -standard of revolt in Guienne, and Bordeaux became the headquarters of -the rebellion. - -Not until August, 1653, was the royal authority re-established at -Bordeaux. The rebellion was prolonged by Spanish help and by the hope of -aid from England. Both Condé and the city of Bordeaux sent agents to -London to solicit English intervention, and from time to time both -Cromwell and the Council of State seemed inclined to accede to their -requests. Condé's agents offered free trade with Guienne, certain -favours towards the French Protestants, and even the cession of the -island of Oléron. The City of Bordeaux instructed its agents 'to demand -of the Commonwealth of England, as of a just and powerful State, -assistance in men, money, and ships to support the city and commons of -Bordeaux, now united with our lords the Princes; and not only to shelter -them from the oppression and cruel vengeance which is in store for -them, but also to effect their restoration to their ancient privileges, -and to enable them to breathe a freer air than they have hitherto done. -And as the said lords of the Parliament of the Commonwealth of England -will probably demand of them reciprocal advantages, they will let them -first explain their pretensions, and afterwards, if necessary, they may -grant them a port in the river of Bordeaux, where their vessels may find -retirement and safety, such as Castillon, Royan, Talmont or Pauillac, or -that of Arcachon if they wish, which they may fortify at their own -expense. We may even permit them to besiege and capture Blaye, in which -our troops will help them as much as possible. They may also make a -descent upon La Rochelle and capture it if they please[3].' Besides -appealing to the desire of the English Government for commercial -advantages and territorial gains, Condé's emissary appealed to the -desire which some of the statesmen of the Republic cherished to see free -institutions established amongst their neighbours. 'What a great honour -will it be for the Commonwealth of England,' said M. de Barrière, 'after -it hath so happily and so gloriously established the precious liberty at -home to send their helping hands unto their craving neighbours for the -same, whose obligation for that shall be eternal and the acknowledgement -of it real and perfect[4].' - -There was a wide belief that the foreign policy of the English Republic -was influenced by a general hostility to monarchy and a general desire -to propagate republican institutions in Europe, which found expression -in rumours of the sayings and the intentions of the heads of the -Commonwealth. The English royalists talked of a design for the ruin of -the kings and sovereigns of the earth, of which Cromwell was the author, -and predicted that he would begin with France. When he returned from -Ireland there was a rumour that he and his army would effect a landing -in France. One report which Croullé, Mazarin's agent in London, sent to -the Cardinal, represented Cromwell as saying that if he were ten years -younger, there was not a king in Europe whom he would not make to -tremble, and that as he had a better motive than the late king of -Sweden, he believed himself still capable of doing more for the good of -nations than the other ever did for his own ambition[5].' Marvell's -verses to Cromwell on his return from Ireland prophesied similar -exploits-- - - 'As Caesar, he, ere long, to Gaul, - To Italy an Hannibal, - And to all states not free - Shall climacteric be.' - -But Cromwell had been obliged to turn his arms against Scotland instead -of against France, and hardly was the Scottish war over, when all the -resources of the Commonwealth were strained to the utmost by the war -with Holland. In July, 1653, negotiations had begun, and the war seemed -nearing its close, but at the same time Bordeaux was nearing its fall. -Barrière, Condé's agent, wrote to the prince that the Republic would -come to no resolution till it saw how the treaty with the Dutch -ended[6]. It was still believed that as soon as Cromwell's hands were -free he would intervene in France. 'Our General,' said a letter from -England, 'conceives it not good for his army to be longer idle, and -therefore hath told some of his myrmidons that if he could be assured -the prince of Condé would aim at liberty really, as he calls it, he -would within this month land his army in France[7].' In October, 1653, -when Joachim Hane sailed for France, the negotiations between England -and Holland had not yet been brought to a successful conclusion. The -position of affairs had been altered by the subjugation of Guienne and -the surrender of Bordeaux, but Condé had not made his peace with Louis -XIV, and a revival of the revolt in Southern France was still a -possibility. - -Before Hane the English Government had sent similar emissaries to -France, with the double object of finding out the real strength of the -opposition and entering into communication with the disaffected. Thomas -Scot, who had the management of the foreign intelligence during the -Republic as Thurloe had during the Protectorate, drew up at the -restoration a short account of his proceedings for the information of -the Government of Charles II. - - 'I sent one Lewis de Bourgoyne (reteined by me as a domesticke to - have helped me for the French tongue) into France, to view and - returne mee the strength of all the ports usward. Hee began at - Callis and went through all the Wash (?) to Bourdeaux, and there - staid some time to dispose that people who then favoured the Prince - of Condé's interest in contradistinction to the crowne of France, - and likeliest to have given a footing to the English had there been - occasion ministered of attempting them by land. Wee had some - correspondence with the Prince of Condé by credentialls to Monsieur - Barrière, and from Bourdeaux by some commissioners they sent over - express, who came but a few weekes before our interruption, 1653; - but that which to mee look'd most hopefull and important I was just - then beginning a correspondence with Cardinal de Retz, commonly - called the Coadjutor, Mazarine's rivall and antagonist, who - pretended to fancy and favour the Commonwealth of England, as so; - some lettres past, but not much donne beyond mutuall credence, and - that also perish'd after Bourgoine's returne from Bourdeaux. Coll. - Saxby (the old Agitator) was sent to Bourdeaux on the same errand - by Gen. Cromwell and myself upon joint advice with good summes of - money, but what harvest he made of his negociations Gen. Cromwell - or his ministers could only tell who overturn'd us and succeeded in - those concernments.' - -Of Bourgoyne, beyond this mention of Scot's, nothing is known, nor is -much to be gleaned from other sources concerning this correspondence -with de Retz. A passage in the Cardinal's memoirs states that 'Vainc, -grand parlementaire et tres confident de Cromwell,' came to see him with -a letter of credence from Cromwell, and told him that his defence of -liberty and his reputation had inspired Cromwell with the desire to form -a close friendship with him. This emissary has generally been -identified rightly or wrongly with Sir Henry Vane, but the -identification is at least doubtful. Nor is it easy to fix the date at -which this interview took place. It is placed in the narrative of the -events of 1650, but is said to have occurred soon after the return of -Charles II to Paris, that is about the end of October, 1651. Of Sexby's -mission more is known. For a delicate diplomatic mission he was a very -singular agent. A Suffolk man by birth, he had served four years as a -private in Cromwell's own troop of Ironsides and in Fairfax's regiment -of horse. He became notorious in 1647 as one of the leaders of the -Agitators and as the spokesman of the extreme democratic party amongst -the soldiers. He left the army for a time, but seems to have entered it -again in 1649 and obtained commissions as captain and governor of -Portland. Then he raised a regiment of foot and served for a short time -under Cromwell in Scotland with the rank of Colonel, but in June, 1651, -he was cashiered by a court-martial. The charge which lost him his -commission was that he had detained the pay of seven or eight of the -soldiers of his old company who refused to enter his new regiment; and -though it was urged that 'as to his own intentions he did it for the -public service,' it seemed a sufficient breach of the articles of war to -secure his condemnation. His offence could scarcely have been considered -as a mere act of embezzlement or he would not have been employed again. -In a petition which Sexby presented to the Council of State in 1654, he -gives a brief account of his mission. A secret committee of the Council -of State, consisting of Cromwell, Scot, and Whitelocke, sent him to -France in 1651. He was instructed 'to give an account of the state of -that country, and the affections of the people, in order to prevent -danger and to create an interest.' He took with him four gentlemen, was -to have a salary of £1000 a year for himself and them, and stayed in -France twenty-three months[8]. - -Of his doings in France the petition says nothing, but a curious -illustration of his zeal for democracy has survived amongst the papers -of Mazarin and Condé--a draft of a republican constitution drawn up in -the name of the Princes of Condé and Conti and the City of Bordeaux[9]. -On examination it proves to be a French translation of the _Agreement_ -_of the People_ which Lilburne and the leaders of the English Levellers -had published in May, 1649. It bears the title of _L'Accord du Peuple_, -and the difference between it and its English original consists in the -introductory engagement of the subscribers not to lay down their arms -till they have obtained the liberties it defines and in the list of -grievances to be redressed. It was intended to serve as a manifesto for -the republicans of Bordeaux and Guienne, but a constitution too advanced -for England had no prospect of acceptance in France. Lenet, Condé's -confidential agent, endorsed it 'Memoires données a son Altesse de Conti -par les sieurs Saxebri et Arrondel que je n'approuve pas.' 'Saxebri,' or -'Saxebery,' evidently denotes Sexby, and 'Arrondel' is one of his -companions. - -The two were back in England, as Barrière's letters prove, in the autumn -of 1653. Arrondel's return is mentioned in a letter of October 24, and -Saxebri's in one dated December 12. Both had doubtless returned before -Hane set out. - -It was now Cromwell's turn to send confidential agents to inquire into -the state of France. Unlike Scot and the republican fanatics, it is -evident that he cared little for the propagation of republican -principles. What he cared about was the condition of the French -Protestants and the propagation of the Protestant religion. - -To Cromwell, as to most of his party, one of the worst sins of Charles I -was that he had induced the Huguenots to revolt against Louis XIII, and -then left them to be crushed by his forces. Englishmen abroad were -accustomed to be taunted with their desertion of their co-religionists. -'I have heard,' wrote John Cook, 'fearful exclamations from the French -Protestants against the King and the late Duke of Buckingham for the -betraying of Rochelle; and some of the ministers told me ten years ago -that God would be revenged of the wicked King of England for betraying -Rochelle[10].' One of the arguments which agents of the Huguenots of -Guienne used when they appealed to Cromwell was 'that the churches of -these parts have endured a very great brunt by the deceitful promises -which have been made to them by the former supreme powers of Great -Britain[11].' To this argument Cromwell was particularly accessible. He -said that England had ruined the Protestant party in France and that -England must restore it again[12]. In the twenty-second article of the -draft-treaty which he proposed to Mazarin in July, 1654, he demanded the -right of superintending the execution of the edicts in favour of the -French Protestants and seeing that they were scrupulously observed--a -demand which naturally met with a refusal from Mazarin[13]. To obtain -information of the condition of the French Protestants and of their -political attitude Cromwell despatched to France about the close of -1653, or early in 1654, a Swiss who is often mentioned by Burnet, -namely, Jean Baptiste Stouppe. Burnet describes him as 'a Grison by -birth, then minister of the French church in the Savoy, and afterwards a -brigadier-general in the French armies: a man of intrigue but of no -virtue.' Condé, continues Burnet, had sent over 'to offer Cromwell to -turn Protestant: and if he would give him a fleet with good troops he -would make a descent on Guienne, where he did not doubt he should be -assisted by the Protestants; and that he should so distress France, as -to obtain such conditions for them and for England as Cromwell himself -should dictate. Upon this offer Cromwell sent Stouppe round all France, -to talk with their most eminent men, to see into their strength, into -their present disposition, the oppressions they lay under, and their -inclinations to trust the Prince of Condé. He went from Paris down the -Loire, then to Bordeaux, from thence to Montauban, and cross the south -of France to Lyons: he was instructed to talk to them only as a -traveller, and to assure them of Cromwell's zeal and care for them, -which he magnified everywhere. The Protestants were then very much at -their ease: for Mazarin, who thought of nothing but to enrich his -family, took care to maintain the edicts better than they had been in -any time formerly. So Stouppe returned and gave Cromwell an account of -the ease they were in, and of their resolution to be quiet. They had a -very bad opinion of the Prince of Condé, as a man who sought nothing but -his own greatness, to which they believed he was ready to sacrifice all -his friends and every cause that he espoused. This settled Cromwell in -that particular. He also found that the Cardinal had such spies on that -prince, that he knew every message that had passed between them: -therefore he would have no further correspondence with him: he said upon -that to Stouppe _stultus est, et garrulus, et venditur a suis -cardinali_[14].' - -Burnet's account of Stouppe's mission seems tolerably accurate[15]. The -attitude of the French Protestants was such as he describes it to have -been. The want of secrecy with which Condé's intrigues were conducted -was a real obstacle to the negotiations. In his letters to Condé, -Barrière himself says as much, and in one dated Aug. 14, 1654, he -relates that Cromwell had complained to the Spanish Ambassador that -Bordeaux was well acquainted with all his negotiations with Condé's -agents. - -But the story that Condé offered to become a Protestant can scarcely be -true. It was rather Cromwell who suggested that he should convert -himself to Protestantism as a step to the political headship of the -Huguenots. In a conversation on the affairs of the Protestants in France -the Protector, according to Barrière's report, had said: 'A! s'il y -avoit moyen que M. le Prince se fist de nostre religion, ce seroit le -plus grand bien qui peust jamais arriver a nos eglises, car pour moy je -le tiens le plus grand homme et le plus grand capitaine non seulement -de nostre siecle, mais qui aye esté depuis longtemps: et il est -malheureux d'estre enguagé avecque des gens qui ont si peu de soin de -luy tenir les choses qu'ils luy ont promis[16].' Some eighteen months -earlier Condé was reported to have spoken in somewhat similar terms of -Cromwell, drinking his health openly at Antwerp, 'as the wisest, ablest -and greatest commander in Europe[17].' But it may well be that the -reports of the views of the French Protestants which Stouppe brought -back from France changed Cromwell's views, and that a more intimate -knowledge of French politics altered his estimate of the prince's -capacity. - -The history of Joachim Hane's mission is still more obscure than that of -Sexby or Stouppe. One of its objects probably was to communicate with -the French Protestants. Slingsby Bethell, the only contemporary who -mentions it, in a discussion on the policy of the Long Parliament -towards foreign Protestants says that they treated with the deputies of -Bordeaux on a plan for the ruin of popery and the advancement of the -Protestant religion. But Cromwell, 'usurping the government did not -only overthrow the design, but probably betrayed it to the French King -with the lives of some engaged in the business; for Mr. Joachim Haines -(by birth a German) general engineer to the army, and one of his own -emissaries employed in that affair, who after Cromwell and Mazarin were -agreed was pursued through France, and escaped miraculously, did believe -he was discovered by Oliver, his errand being known only to himself and -his confident[18].' Bethell's accusation against Cromwell deserves no -credit. There is no trace of this belief in Hane's narrative, or in -Hane's later conduct. Oliver and Mazarin did not agree till eighteen -months after Hane's return from France. It is simply an example of the -vague slanders which the extreme republicans circulated against the -ruler they regarded as an apostate. Ludlow tells a similar story about -Cromwell betraying Sexby to the French, probably confusing Hane and -Sexby, and echoing Bethell's charge[19]. - -Hane himself says nothing of the nature of his mission in his narrative. -When he was examined he stoutly denied that he was anything more than a -gentleman travelling for his pleasure; but as he justly observes 'to -speak the truth in all things did not consist with my safety at that -time' (p. 9). Amongst Thurloe's correspondence there are two letters -which may have been written by Hane[20]. Both are signed Israell -Bernhard; one is dated Paris, October 25, 1653, the other Rochelle, -November 15. Hane was at those places on the dates mentioned, and the -second letter contains a still more remarkable parallel. The writer -says, 'I intend to go two days hence to Bordeaux,' that is presumably on -November 17. Now Hane's narrative states that he went from Rochelle to -Bordeaux on November 18. It is very improbable that Thurloe had two -correspondents in France whose movements tallied so exactly with those -of Hane. In each letter the writer assumes the character of a merchant, -and begins by giving various details about the state of trade. The first -ends with a rather enigmatical reference to the proposed purchase of a -house. 'I long to heare whether your neighbour Mr. Smith still hath a -mind to buy Mr. Rob. tenement, that layeth towards you from his other -house; if he intends to build such a house upon as he talketh, he had -need of 6 or 7000 pound to begin withall, and then he may have a -habitation to spend 2000 pound a yeare in it; but I am sure he will not -perfect the building in so short a time as he was speaking to us, for he -will have but a few materialls neere hand, and there is not so much as a -hedge about the garden, but he will be forced to make new hedges round -about. I would have him take good advise before he medle with the -bargaine.' In the letter from Rochelle he says, 'All things hereabouts -are pritty quiet; the prince's party being sufficiently silenced, so -that we hope they will not rise in hast again. We are perswaded, that -the government of our towne is in surer hands than it was three yeare -ago, when we were betrayed with a corrupted governor, who kept the two -towers next the haven for the prince de Condé, and did much annoyance to -the towne from off them; the which after they were reduced, one of them -was burned downe, and the other is now repairing againe, so that we hope -we shall feare no more such bustling as formerly we have had[21].' The -passage from the first letter probably refers to some French port, to -the state of its fortifications, and to the cost of repairing them, -while the second gives important facts as to the present state of the -fortifications of Rochelle. At the moment information on that subject -was of some importance to Cromwell. About October, 1651, there had -arrived in England a person named Conan, whose object was to negotiate -for a due pecuniary consideration to the persons concerned in the -reception of an English governor into that town. He is frequently -mentioned in Barrière's letters to Condé. In a letter dated October 24, -1653, Barrière relates an interview which he had with Cromwell the -previous day. He found him, he said, well disposed to assist the prince. -'Ce à quoy j'ay trouvé plus de disposition s'a esté à l'afaire de La -Rochelle; et pour sest effect il me demanda de luy faire voir Conan, qui -présentement est avecque luy. A son retour je vous manderay ce qu'il luy -aura dit, car en me séparant de luy, il me dit que quant il auroit veu -sest homme là, il me diret ce qu'il pourroit faire.' On a later page, -after mentioning Conan's intended departure for Spain, he adds: -'Monsieur de Conan vient tout présentement de parler à Cromwel, qui l'a -fort questionné sur les moyens de faire réussir l'affaire dont il est -question, et a tesmoigné désirer avec passion qu'elle se peut exécuter; -mais pourtant luy a dit qu'il ne ce pourroit enguager à rien jusques à -ce que l'on eust des nouvelles d'Espagne, et que lorsqu'il auret de -l'argent, on fourniroit toutes les choses necessaires, luy a recommendé -de revenir le plus tost qu'il pourret, et que peut estre a son retour -les afaires auroyent changé de face et, que, sela estant, luy, Cromwel, -et tout ce qui gouverne en Angleterre estoyent entièrement portés a sela -pour le soulagement du peuple et pour le service de Son Altesse.' - -A letter written on November 14 from Madrid by the Comte de Fiesque to -the Prince de Condé adds: 'La resolution est prise icy de ligue -offensive et deffensive entre l'Angleterre et l'Espagne, pour laquelle -il sera porté expressément qu'ils attaqueront ou la Guyenne, ou la -Normandie, ou qu'ils descendront a la Rochelle, selon ce qui sera jugé a -propos pour le bien du party, et cela dans le mois d'Avril -prochain[22].' - -The projected league between England and Spain came to nothing, but the -existence of these schemes at the time when Hane was sent to France and -the indications afforded by Hane's letters explain the objects of his -mission. - -A minister like Stouppe was an admirable choice when the main object was -to learn from Huguenot preachers and Huguenot politicians what their -views of the political situation were. If, however, Cromwell was to -intervene in France and send an army to Guienne, as he was asked to do, -he required also some trustworthy information about the Huguenot -strongholds and the coast seaports. The state of the defences of -Bordeaux and La Rochelle, and the comparative military value of the -different places which Condé's agents and the agents of Bordeaux offered -him, were questions on which the opinion of a skilled engineer would be -of the greatest value. It is probable that Hane's mission was more -military than political, and that he was rather a spy than a political -intriguer. - -Whether spy or political intriguer his peril was much the same. The -tortures with which the hangman of Bordeaux threatened him were employed -impartially to extract the truth from either. One of Sexby's four -companions had been arrested on suspicion in Languedoc. 'He was put in -prison,' says Sexby, 'and after racked to make him confess with whom he -had corrispondence, but God inabled him to keep secret what he knew, -though the torture and paine he suffered cost him his life[23].' It was -only by a miracle that Hane escaped a similar fate. The story of his -escapes and his wanderings is so vivid and picturesque that it seemed -worth rescuing from entire oblivion, even though it throws little light -on the dark places of Cromwell's foreign policy. - -Hane's services and sufferings were not unrewarded. Before he started -the Council of State had voted that £100 a year in Scottish lands should -be settled upon him 'to encourage him and his family to settle in this -nation.' On November 1, 1653, Mr. Moyer, on behalf of the Council, moved -Parliament to give effect to this recommendation. He reported 'that -there is one Major Hane, by birth a foreigner, who hath performed many -eminent services in the war of Scotland; hath very great skill in -fortifications and all matters relating to the profession of an -engineer, and is of very great use at this time in services of that -nature; that he is a person eminent for godliness, and of undoubted -affection to this commonwealth.' Parliament, however, in a fit of -economy, or because it knew nothing of the nature of Hane's services, -negatived the vote without a division[24]. This was merely a -postponement of his reward. On June 26, 1654, Cromwell's Council of -State voted that an ordinance for naturalizing Hane should be prepared, -and agreed to another ordinance settling lands to the value of £120 a -year upon him. Eventually the naturalization ordinance was made to date -June 26, 1654, and that conferring the lands July 27 of the same year, -and both ordinances were confirmed by Cromwell's second Parliament on -April 28, 1657[25]. Hane meantime had returned to his duties in -Scotland, where he no doubt superintended the erection of those forts at -Inverness, Leith, Ayr, and Inverlochy, which were built to bridle the -Scots. It is not improbable that the plans of those forts, which still -exist in Worcester College Library, were drawn by Hane's hand. William -Clarke, the owner of the plans in consequence of his position as -secretary to General Monk, was necessarily acquainted with Hane; and the -narrative of Hane's adventures in France was doubtless copied by Clarke -from Hane's original manuscript. The copy is dated as begun on October -14, 1657, which proves that Hane must have committed his story to -writing within a very short time after the events had occurred. - -In the summer of 1657 Hane was called to a new sphere of action. -Cromwell had allied himself with France, and 6,000 English soldiers had -been despatched to Flanders. In September Turenne and Sir John Reynolds -laid siege to Mardyke, for which purpose the Protector had promised to -provide artillery and mortar-pieces. Hane was sent for from Scotland to -take part in the siege. He had just obtained leave from Monk to go to -England, on account of the dangerous illness of his wife, and Monk's -messenger overtook him at Alnwick and brought him back to Scotland. -Before he could sail however Mardyke had fallen. On September 29, 1657, -Monk wrote to congratulate Thurloe on its capture, and in the same -letter announced Hane's departure: 'You may acquaint his Highness that -Mr. Hane sett sayle from hence on Saturday morning last the wind being -very fair. Hee had his tackling fixt, and everything ready to play his -morter-piece, as soone as a platforme should be layd for it; being hee -could not gett those materialls there, which hee carried with him, wee -thought fitt to provide him heere, and wee hope hee was there on Monday -last.' He was immediately sent back to England to report to the -Protector the state of his new acquisition. Lockhart wrote on October 3 -to Thurloe that in order that his Highness 'might want no informatione -that can be given him concerning that place, Mr. Hains, the ingeneer -(who hath visited the place and consithered all the defects of it), will -be with his Highnesse before these can come to your lordships hands.' -When Dunkirk fell Hane was again summoned to inspect and add to its -fortifications, but he was taken ill immediately after his arrival. On -August 11, 1658, Lockhart informed Thurloe of his death. 'Mr. Hains the -ingeneer is dead. I endeavoured all I could to cherish him, both before -and during his sicknesse; but the poor man was so desperately -mallancholly, as I could not perswade him it was possible for him to -live[26].' He had survived all his perils and borne them with a stout -heart, only to die a commonplace death and to have it attributed to lack -of resolution. - - - - - _The - Journall of Mr. Joachim Hane - his Passages in France in - the yeare 1653._ - - -A SHORT Relacion of the severall wonderfull passages which I did meete -withall in my jorney into France. - - * * * * * - -When by the Lord's providence who disposeth of all the wayes and actions -of man, I had undertaken a jorney into France upon some private -occations, Anno. 1653, tending towards Rie, where being come I found a -ship ready to goe to Rouen, in Normandie, which I made use of for my -transportacion thether. Having set sayle on the 11th of the same wee -crossed the sea with a faire wind, and came upon the coast of France on -the 12th of October by day breake in the morning without any -impediment, and entred the River's mouth. Wee met with a small man of -warr, which being licenced to robb by a comission from the Scottish -King, made an attempt upon us even within the River of Seine, having noe -regaurd at all to the nation right of the King's dominions; but wee made -all the resistance wee could, changing some shotts with him for the -space of halfe an houre, till hee dispared of his enterprize, and wee -were carried upp by the floud farther into the land. Being thus free -from the pirate, wee arrived at Quillebeuf that day. There I left the -ship and went by land on horse back to Rouen, from whence after three -dayes rest I directed my course to Parris and after to Orleans, where I -tooke boate and went downe the River of Loyre to Nantes, vissiting by -the way the Citties of Bloys, Amboys, Toures, Saumeur, and Angeirs. From -Nantes I went to Rochell by land with the messager, and thus farr I had -reasonable good sucses in my intended jorney. - -But when the Lord intended to carry mee through a faire tryall, wherein -I might more experimentally learne to know his power and strenght, his -knowledge and wisdome, his love and care over his children, and his -faithfullnes to all those that put their trust in him, hee suffred the -malice of sume pernicious sperits to worke upon me. The beginning -whereof happened in this manner. Being come to Rochell I went to inquire -of a marchant of whom I was to receive a sume of monny by bill of -exchange. And among the rest I mett with a companie of 6 or 7 persons, -most of them being Flemings, standing together in the publique meeting -place, where the merchants as upon the Exchang at noone and in the -evening use to come togeather. In this companie, as I was enquiring of -them for the said marchant, there was found a Scott, who whilst I was -receiving instruccion of a Fleming to find out the merchant, looked very -ernestly upon mee; and at last tooke an occacion to aske mee whether I -was not an Englishman or noe: 'for I am very confident,' said hee, 'that -I have seene you at Edinburgh or with the English army.' I replyed I had -indeed spent some time in England, where perhaps hee might have seene -mee, but for Scotland I never had beene their. He againe answered, that -yet for all that he durst lay a wager that I have seene you their, -though you deny it. And so I declyning to have any further discourse -with him we had no more words together, nor did I ever speake with him -any more after that tyme. - -Now whilest I was inquireing for my marchant, and discoursing with the -Scott after the manner expressed, their was also a Frenchman in the -number of the company who was a familiar aquaintance and constant -companion of the Scotts, for all the weeke after I continued their I -never saw either of them aloane, but alwayes both of them very intimatly -conversing together. This Frenchman being but of a meane quallity, and -in the judgment of my further experience a man of a hungry condition, -after he had heard both my inquiry for the marchant and the questions -the Scott putt to me, went to the said marchant on purpose to learne -what my expeditions were with him, what sume of money I had to receive -of him as also the progresse of my journey: namely whither: when: and by -what occasions I would goe from Rochell. For being void of all suspition -of tretchery I did freely aske councell of my marchant which way I might -with most safety goe from Rochell to Burdeaux; who because he could not -retourne my money to Burdeaux by Bill of Exchange, advised me to take -the said money in gold, and goe by water from Rochell to Burdeaux by the -way of Mornack and Regan where their was no danger to be feared. The -which councell I did embrace, and went accordingly on the 18th of -November from Rochell to Burdeaux on a small hoy wherin their weere -severall other passingers: and amongst the rest this Frenchman, the -Scotts companion formerly mentioned, who undertooke the journey from -Rochell to Burdeaux on purpose to try whether either by order or by any -other action he might gett advantage against me; to which end he had -drawne three others of the passengers more to his side, that his -designes against me might be carried on with more strength and -authority. These compliants oft shewed themselves very active along the -journey; first by insinuateing themselves into my company by various -discourses, and by diveing into my affairs with all manner of subtill -questions, and afterwards by frameing and deviseing many frivolus and -groundless accusations against me; though neither of my discourse nor of -my carriage they could borrow any more matter of suspetion, then the -Frenchman formerly mentioned had instiled into them aforehand. After we -were come therefore upon the River Garonne, and got soe hye as Blaye -(which is a small towne with a cittadell where the cheife Governour of -Bourdeaux doth reside, and where all customes for importacion and -transportacion are discharged) myne adversaryes, which were now -increased to the number of foure more, went to the Governour of the -place, desiring a gaurd from him to conduct mee as a suspect'd person -to prison, the which was granted them; whereupon I was taken out of the -hoy that I came thether in, and was placed with the gaurd and myne -adversarye into a greate open boate to goe directly for Bourdeaux. - -Heare I came to know those whome had a hand in myne accusacion, who -otherwise before that in all the jorney caried themselves very -courtiosly towards mee, but now began their trecherous malice against -mee openly, all their former complements and courtious usage being now -degenerated into mockings and scoffings and spightfull langage. For all -the way up to Bordeaux they used all possible endeavours to agravate to -the highest measure the affliccions of my mind by all manner of -reproches and affronts they put upon mee. They contryved as it were a -comidy, or rather a tragedie, whereby they laboured to set forth to the -life my future suffrings, introducing severall persons, whereof some -acted the hangman's part, some the condemned prisoner's, some bore other -officers parts, making the mast of the boate for a payre of gallowes, -while I perforce was the sad subject of their hopes, I was to undergoe -both in my torture and finall execucion, making continuall repetition of -such lamentable cryes and dullfull exprecions as I should use if I came -to feele the unsufferable torments of racking. And more over they would -perswade now and then that I was ingaged to them for their insolences; -for said they 'all the paynes wee take in our play are intended for your -learning.' They called upon all the people they met upon the River, -desiring them that if they had a mind to see an English saint hanging on -the gallowes they should repair to Bourdeaux within two or three days. - -With such and the like pastime wee arrived at Bourdeaux about 4 of the -clock in the afternoone, where the gaurd that came with mee from Blaye -was discharged, and I carried to a greate house in the Citty, which I -tooke to be a house of entertainment because a great supper was their -prepared for my sake, though without myne order, and likwise three of -mine adversaryes being Rochellers intended to lodge their. But before we -came to the house, because they would spare no meanes to increase my -terrors they called the hangman, because our way fell out by his doore, -recomending me to his care; who very courteously received me, promissing -and engageing to me all his abillityes to be ready for my service. After -I was lodged and sufficient care taken for me in the said house, myne -accusers were very busye in provideing all necessaryes for my -examination; wherupon severall persons to the number of seaven or eight -did appeare their an houre before supper tyme, and went into a roome by -themselves to advise upon the questions they intended to put unto me. -And againe by the tyme that we had made an end of our supper the hangman -came also, with two of his servants or attendants bringing his -instruments along with him. After supper was done I was called to those -eight men that were come to try me; for they continued their ever since -they came, and supped also in a roome by themselves, but I and myne -accusers supped in another roome. And when I came in unto them they -demanded of me from whence I came, whither I intended, what my -expeditions were in Burdeaux, what my aquaintance were that I had their, -item what countryman I was and of what profession, whether I had skill -in the Lattine tongue, whether I had beene long in France? Other -frivolus questions they put to me, viz. where I had beene in such a -yeare and at such a tyme of that yeare, what my busines had beene their, -where my parents lived; and many other trifleing demands they asked me. -Myne answers to all these questions they tooke in writing, on purpose to -propound them againe to me in the midst of my tortures, where in case I -had not answered according to trueth they thought it would be -impossible (as indeed it would have falne out so, for to speake the -trueth in all things did not consist with my safety at that tyme) for me -to remember the same expressions to all those questions they had made to -me, that so having found me in severall tales they might have the -stronger grounds of their suspition against me. - -Thus haveing made an end of this examination of myne they replyed, that -those answers of myne had no conformity with those informations which -upon sufficient grounds they had received conserning me; for said they, -I had endeavoured to deny my native country, affirming myselfe to be a -Germain, notwithstanding that I was an Englishman. Item that I denyed -that ever I had any relation to the English army, although they were -assured without contradiction that I was an officer of that army, and -had beene upon service with the same in Scotland. Item that I had denyed -to have any correspondence with any of the inhabitants of Burdeaux and -Rochell, whereas it was not possible that I should travaile to so far a -country without some recomendation at leastwise to some marchant; and -since I had refused to relate the trueth in these things I must of -necessity be guilty of some great designe or conspiration against their -country, the which to prevent they did hold it their duty both to their -kinge and country to bring me to a cleare confession by all possible -meanes. Wherupon they desired me to resolve unto them without fraud or -deceit these following questions. By whom I was sent thither? 2^{ly} -what myne instructions were for my expedition? 3^{ly} what -correspondency I had in Rochell and Burdeaux? 4^{thly} what charge I had -in the English army, and lastly in whose hands those 1200 livres were -which according to their well grounded information I had at my -disposeing at Burdeaux? This last query was meerly devised by my -accusers on purpose to begett in the coveteous magistrate a more earnest -desire to afflict me with the more cruell torments, which might (as it -often happeneth) cause me to confesse even such things as perhaps I was -not guilty of, and so to be willingly condemned to dye rather then to -suffer the intollerable greife and anguish of tortureing, which -neverthelesse in themselves without any further condemnation would have -prooved destructive to my life; for they myne accusers were after my -conviction to have all the meanes that I had about me for their good -service they had done in betraying of me, although in myne examination -they were never brought in to confront me for all that I earnestly -begged it. - -After that I had given them answers to every one of their questions and -suffitiently argued the groundless charges they had conveined against -me, they refused to reason any longer with me, but desire me to repaire -into the other roome where I was afore, saying that I should finde -another examinator, unto whom I should be more ready to reveale the -trueth then I had beene to them. Thus I retourned into the said roome -where I found the hangman making his instruments ready for the worke, -and myne accusers; who being ravished with joy because they had brought -their designe to an expected end, continued to increase the sadness of -my spirit with many insolent and hart breaking expressions, and drinking -an health to my confusion, another to my speedy journey to the gallows. -Now the temptations of that day (which was a day of distresse and -unspeakable greife to me) came to their height; now fearfullnesse and -trembleing came upon me and horror overwhelmed me; here the sorrows of -death incompassed me and the paines of hell gott hold on me; here I was -to goe through the fire and water, and to make choyce of destruction for -myne inseperable companion. To describe the heavinesse of my spirit and -the sorrowes of my hart I was in at that instant I know not where to -begin, nor where to conclude, nor where to finde signeficant words to -make a true and propper expression of the matter; only I say they were -such as that I cannot without astonishment of heart thinke of them, nor -reflect upon them with my mind in a serious consideration without teares -of joy. - -Now when I was past all humane helpe and comfort, wanting both time and -place and the use of myn understanding (which was then wholly suppressed -and stupified by hellish feares) to thinke upon any project for an -escape, I leaned myselfe out of a window, having noe other place or -conveniencie for any private meditacions, and tooke myne onely refuge to -him who is an helper to the oppressed, a protectour to the forlorne, and -a saviour of them that are without helpe, with confident perswacion that -hee was both able and wise enough to deliver mee out of the hands of -myne enemies, though they were never soe many, and though noe hope at -all apeared in my sight for my deliverance, if it seemed good in his -eyes to doe soe. But if by his eternall decree, I was to drinke this -bitter cup of affliction, my onely request to him was then, that with -his strenght hee would appeare in my weaknes, and worke a conformity -betweene mine and his owne will, that with a contented minde I might -take this cupp from his hands, and glorifie his name for his -dispensacions. - -I had noe sooner withdrawne my selfe from the window, but God, who had -given eare to my crys, sent an instinct into my mind to try whether I -could gitt privatly downe the stayres whilst all the companie in the -same roome were tryumphing and rejoyceing in my mesiry. The which motion -I went immeadiatly to put into execucion, and made foure or five turnes -up and downe the roome, taking every time in my walking alsoe the lenght -of a long gallery which crossed the rome running streght out of the -doore, wherby I conteyned myself in every turne a little while out of -there sight, which afterwards caused a carelessnes in them not to looke -presently after mee when I went for good and all. At length I tooke the -oppertunity to walke downe the stayres silently, and coming downe I -found the gaurd that was apoynted to attend mee in the kitchin, making -merry with drinking liberaly upon my cost, not suspecting my coming -downe. By reason whereof I was not discovered as I passed by the kitchin -doore, but without any further let I came to the streete doore, which -was not locked yet, but onely boulted with two boults, and having -unboulted it I went out, making what hast I could to the Citty gates. -But it being late, about 10 a clocke at night, all the gates were shut. - -Then I bent my course to the Citty walls, and ran about the same soe -long till I came to a place where the battlements with sume parts of the -wall were broaken downe, whereby the wall in the same place was become -six foote lower then the rest of the wall. But before I was gott soe -farr I heard the cryes in the streetes made by my persecutours, which -doubtles were sore greeved and vexed that I was gone out of their hands -without taking leave of them; therefore being senceable of that cruell -intertainment which was prepared for mee in my unfortunate quarters I -durst not goe farther about upon the walls for feare of my approaching -ennemys, but resolving to cast myselfe upon the same God who had torne -me but then out of the lyons mouth, beseeching him with all ernestnes -that he would alsoe carry mee out of the same enemies sight, and send -and assist mee in that dangerous but nessisary atempt of myne, which I -was forced to make by leaping over that wall formerly mentioned, which -was yett about 17 or 18 foote high from the ground. Thus having made -another experiment of the wonderfull mercy of God I came on the ground -on the other side of the wall without any hurt at all, save one small -spraine I perceived in my right heele, which was by strayning a vaine as -I thought. Yet was the same soone cured with the joye I was ravished -withall, because of the seasonable and unexpected deliverance. Being -without the wall I had a deepe moate or graffe to passe through yet -before I could march any further. And seeking a passage where with most -ease I might gett through I went about an houre round about on the foot -of the wall, which was on dry ground, till at length I found a place -where formerly their had beene built a water bearer crosse the graffe -but now was broken downe, only some ruins of the foundations left yet, -some above water and some under water, so that I could passe over the -water upon the said ruins wadeing not above knee deepe. - -Now I counted myselfe at full liberty, and being transported even above -myselfe with unspeakable joy I retourned praise unto the Lord for his -wonderfull dealings towards me, and resolved to march some seaven or -eight leagues towards the sea side, to try whether I could meet their -with any shipping wherby I might get from thence. And as I was marching -on that night I lost my way, and was drawne by degrees into the middle -of a great morast some two English miles broad, being misled by a -supposed foot path, which had beene of use in the dry Summer tyme but -none in Winter when it was altogether unpassable. Here I was wadeing up -and downe to my middle, backwards and forwards all the rest of the -night, even to the danger of my life, not knowing whether I went because -no starrs appeared. Then I wrought myselfe through and came on dry land -againe about nyne of the clock in the morning. My strength was wholy -spent by this night's worke so that I was not able to goe any further -before I had rested myselfe some two or three houres under a hedge. In -the meane while I dryed my cloaths againe as well as I could, and made a -paire of shoes of my bootes, cutting of the leggs of them, and makeing -the feet servisable for shoes, that so I might be able to march with -more agillity then I could with boots on my feet. Then having -recollected some strength by a little rest, and refreshing my spirit -with a draught of cold water (for better accomodation I was affraid to -seeke in any house) I betooke me to my journey againe, in hopes that -night to gett to some of those little townes which lay over against -Blaye, before hue and cry after me could come thither. For their I -intended to hire a boate that should have carried me by night to some of -the shipps which were rideing over against Blaye. - -At night an houre after sun set I got to Pullitor (which was one of the -little townes I aimed at), and being tyred above measure both in body -and spirit, by reason of the hard travills that I had endured both that -day and the night before, I was ready to faint for some refreshment. I -was fasting all that day, not dareing to aske releife of any body by the -way. I was forced theirfore to venture into a taverne in that towne and -aske for a pott of wine with some bread, which was brought me -accordingly, not feareing in the meane tyme that the inhabittants of -that place had goten any notice of my escape from Burdeaux. But before I -had eaten and drunke my fill a guard of the townsmen came to secure me, -haveing received a compleat discription of my person with an order to -apprehend me before I came thither. By these townes-men I was kept all -that night in the same house I first came into. In the meane while they -sent to the next garrishon, which was Blaye on the other side of the -water, giveing intemation to the Governer their of my captivity, and -desiring him to take care of my examination and tryall. - -Wher upon the next morning about nyne of the clock their were sent from -thence for that purpose two officers, fouer comon soldiers with -fyerlocks, and another hangman with two servants (for as I learned -afterwards the magistrate of every place where I was apprehended was to -have all my estate I had in France), and mention being made in the hue -and cry after, that I had 1200 livers in some bodys hands in Burdeaux, I -was by their privelidges to be tryed in the same towne, or in that -jurisdiction where I was taken. The two officers tooke up their lodgeing -in the next house, but the foure soldiers and the hangman with his crue -were ordered to beare me company in the same rome where I was. - -The evening or the beginning of the night being appointed for my tryal, -the hangman made all manner of preparation in the same roome before myne -eyes; and when I prayed him to be as favourable as he could to me and I -would resigne all what I had about me, he promissed me upon his faith I -should not be hanged before I was sufficiently tortured. Such and the -like comfort I received from him and all that were neare me. Now my -terrors was multeplyed againe, and my sorrows brought to the same height -they were at before, I finding myselfe forsaken of all the world, and -seing no less grounds of feare and dispaire then I did two dayes before -at Burdeaux. I heard through out the whole day no other discourse of all -that was neer me but augmentations of my greife. I laid most part of -that day upon my bed, sighing and crying unto the Lord that he would not -withdraw his presence from my fainting spirit. And truly giving over all -hopes of life I could not solicit the Lord for another deliverance, for -I thought it a vaine thing to beg for impossibillityes; therfore all the -scope of my supplication was only for spirituall comfort, for increase -of my wearyed patience, and for a joyfull resolution to take up my -crosse, and to carry it without murmouring after my Saviour. All that -weere about me tooke occation at every carriage of mine to mock and -scoffe att my calamity, in so much that when somtymes they perceived my -whispering upon the bed they would saie 'harke, hearke, he is very -earnestly preaching and praying, let us see if he can pray himselfe out -of our hands.' - -The day being thus spent and the night drawing on, the hangman seeing me -in a fainting condition (because I refused to take either meat or drinke -all the day) was very fearfull that I should faint under his hands when -he should come to worke with me at night. To that end he devised this -pollisie, to perswade me to sitt downe to supper with him and the rest, -and to take some refresh of meate and drink, wherby my spirits might be -revived againe. Halfe an houre before supper tyme he came in suddenly -from the street, telling me their was an order come from the Governer of -Blaye that I should be carried from thence to Rochell the next morning, -their to be kept in custody for further examination. This designe of -his, because it semed at least wise to delay the evill expected, though -it could not altogether free me from the feares of it, tooke such effect -upon me that my hart being eased theirby in some measure of the -heaviness it was in, I rose presently from my bed; not suspecting any -deceit in the project, for it appeared very probable to me that I should -be carried to Rochell, because most of my accusers dwelled their, being -in hope in the meane tyme, if my tryall weere suspended for the present, -that God would work perhaps some meanes for my deliverance. In this -perswation I satt downe to supper betweene seaven and eight of the -clock, and fell to my meat with a good appetite. - -In the midst of our supper my maister the hangman called for a cup of -wine, the which was filled and given him by his man; and as he was -putting it to his mouth, before he drunke he remembered himselfe, and -asked his man out of which pot it had beene filled (for their stood two -potts on the dresser); and when he shewed him which pot the glasse had -beene filled out of with his finger, the hangman fell to cursing, and -rebukeing the fellow for his carelessnesse, in so much that he threwe -the glasse with the wine into the fyre. Hereby I came to be sensible of -my delusion, remembering some words that weere spoken that afternoone as -I lay upon my bed; for the hangman had sett a little skellit with faire -water upon the fyre, and as in the boyleing theirof he putt somthing -into it, his wife bid him put a greater quantety of that ingredience -that the water might be the stronger; but he answered her saying, 'by no -meanes if you put in any more you will kill him altogether, this is -enough to bourne him to the hart.' These words, together with the other -passages that happened both at and after supper, were a sufficient -argument to me of their intentions: namely the hangman had prepared a -potion for mee, which was to procure unto mee greate gripings in the -belly, that soe the outward torments being added to the inward paines it -might make mee confesse the secritts of my hart. My eyes being thus -opened by the wonderfull worke of God, I refused to drinck any wine but -what I filled my selfe out of the potts which I saw others drinking out -of before me. Now the hangman saw himself frustrated in his hopes hee -perswaded mee presently after supper to goe to my rest into my bed -betymes, because the shipper with whom I was to goe to Rochell would -call mee early in the morning. But I being sufficiently convinced of his -designe could give noe eare to his perswacions, but spent my time by -walking up and downe the roome; till at lenght about 9 or 10 a clock hee -suspected my fears (for hee would faine have made mee gone to my bed -before he should have medled with meef, that soe hee needed not throw -mee downe perforce). Therefore to remove all grounds of suspition I had -of him, hee bid us all good night, and tooke his leave of all as though -he was going to his rest into the next house, where the two officers -lay, which were to bee present at my tryall; but being gone downe the -stayers, and one of the gaurds with him, unto whom hee gave order to -send him word whensoever I was gone to bed, that hee might come with the -officers to finish the worke that they had in hand with me. - -In the mean time, notwithstanding his pretences, I kept walking up and -downe the roome full of feares and suspitions till eleven of the clock, -and then I layd myselfe downe upon the bed in my cloathes. I was noe -sooner layd but those that gaurded me sent a boy to the hangman, who -because it was soe late returned this answer: that the officers who were -to attend my tryall were fallen asleepe, but they would bee ready to -come with him about 3 a clocke in the morning; hee desired them -therefore to bee very vigilent and carefull of mee till then, least I -should escape there hands. The gaurd according to these instructions -used all means to keepe one another from sleeping; if one did but -slumber a little the other would presently waken him againe to my greate -greefe. All this while I lay in a hellish paine and anguish, expecting -with horror and trembling that dreadfull howre but lately mentioned -which was drawing one apace. Neverthelesse about one of the clock I felt -within my selfe (doubtlesse by the Lord's instigacion who would further -declare his wonderfull love to mee) a strong conceipt and an undeniable -perswation that I should make another escape, althow the meanes how to -perfect the same was not as yet aparent to mee. Where upon I began -againe to consult with my selfe after what manner with most probability -to accomplish my desires; and seeing, that unlesse my watchmen that were -with mee in the roome were asleepe, it would be altogether vaine to make -any attempt, I besought the Lord of all might that hee would with his -alsufficient power to cast them into a sleepe while I should indeavour -to gitt from amongst them. Thus I lay in expectacion with a watchfull -eye, I making all signes of them of sleepe, till the Lord was pleased to -answer mee graceously. - -About two of the clock I found them all fast asleepe, both the fowre -souldiers which sate about mee before the fire, and the two servants of -the hangman which lay on a bed in the other end of the roome. As soone -as I perceived it, I hasted to make use of this oportunity, and took -both the sheetes of the bed, tying them togeather with the two corners, -and slitting the other corner of the sheete assunder, that with the more -conveniency I might tye it about the midle frame of the window (for the -lower end of the pertition of the windows in these parts have wooden -sutters without glassing). Having thus prepared the way, I stept out of -the window in the name of the Lord, and let myselfe downe by the sheets, -having my shooes in my mouth, till I came to the ground. Here I would -make noe long stay soe much as to put on my shoose, but betooke myselfe -presently to my heeles, and ran as hard and as long as breath would -hould out. I was not gon full muskett shott from the house, before I -heard the cry and alarem in the towne after mee. Suspecting that I was -gone towards the River to looke for shipping, they persued mee up and -downe the River side, as I could guese by the barking of the doggs in -those townes and villages which lay in the water side. But the night -being darke and I taking my course directly to the land side, I -perceived none to come after mee that way, soe I marched peaceably all -that night towards Bourdeaux againe, with an intencion to try whether I -could gitt in some evening tyme, and find out a shipper with whome I -might agree to take mee along with him beyond sea for a sume of mony. - -In the morning after breake of day I lodged my selfe in a wood, and -continued there till 2 a clock in the afternoone. But being weary of -fasting, and thinking the inhabitants which lived soe farr from the -water side would not have had any notice concerning mee, I put of my -gray coate (which was mentioned in the hue and cry) and carreing it -under my arme, I ventured out of the wood, and kept on my way till -about 4 of the clock to an open village which was about 4 leagues from -Bourdeaux. There I went into a taverne, and called for a pot of wyne -with some bread to refresh my tyred body withall; the wyne was brought -to me presently, but as for the bread I was to stay for it till they had -fetched the key, which was some where in the towne. But insted of -fetching the key they went to fetch halfe a dozen troopers that were -quartered in the same towne, and some of them in the same house (for I -saw five greate sadle horses standing in the stable) for to aprehend mee -whilst I was staying for the bread. Not having forgotten yet my former -miscarriages, I mistrusted by the wispring of those that were in the -house, that there was a new plott preparing against mee, the which -suspition caused mee to pay for my wine, and soe hasten out of the -house. - -As soone as I came out in the streete, I saw five of the troopers coming -downe the towne. They called to me desiring me to stay, but I taking noe -notice of their calling, went on a strong pace, yet without running, -till I came about the corner of a close; then I ran in hast behind a -hedge, where I made a version of my waye, and turned quyt back againe, -till I came to the end of the towne where I first came in. There I went -into a garden, and kreept (as I thought unknowne to any body) into the -bottome of a hedge. The troopers before I gott to this hedge, were -gotten on horse backe serching for mee with great rage. They crossed the -fields thereabouts till darke night, and having missed their ayme after -this manner, they caused all the villages within a league round about to -watch and keepe a gaurd that night, barricading with carts and ladders -the highwayes in all places where there was any considerable passage, -for the fields were all inclosed with thick and unpassible hedges. I lay -in the meane time securely in the hedge bottome, thinking that noe body -had knowne of my being there, till there came a lustie cuntry man, who -having seene mee to creepe into the hedge walked all the while I was -there in the garden, taking noe notice of mee in the hedge; and as soone -as it was darke, hee approached towards mee, and thrusting mee with a -staffe desired mee to come forth. Soe when I came forth, I besought him -to lett mee goe, and I would give him all that I had. Hee being willing -to grant my desire asked mee presently, where my goods were? I tould him -in the bottome of the hedge; for having seene mee to carry a bundle -under my arme, which was my short coate, hee thought that the richest -plunder that I had would bee in the bundle, by reason of that he bad me -goe whither I pleased, he would be no hinderance unto me. While he went -to looke for his booty I hasted away. Then I went all that night out of -one close into another, not being able to get through, the guards weere -so strictly kept upon all the high wayes. - -About breake of day I betooke myselfe to a ruinous chappell wherof the -walls were only standing, the ground within in most places was -overgrowne with nettles, which weere my shelter for all that day till -the afternoone. About two of the clock, being ready to starve for cold -because of my thin cloathing, and having perceived no body all the day -to come to so sollitary a place, I went forth out of the corner in which -I had hid myselfe till then. I went into the middle of the chappill -where I had place to walke by short tournes, therby to gett some heate -into my quakeing body. As I was walking in the middle of my walking -their came a countryman with a short crooked bill in his hand; him I -prayed after many other discourses, that he would be a meanes to conduct -me to the water side, which was within a league, from thence to -transport me on the other side the River, and I would give him tenn -pistolls for his paines, if he would not betray me. This man did seme to -like my motion well, and promised me with many oaths to be faithfull to -me, desiring me not to stir from the place till at night, as soone as it -was darke, he should come to fetch me. After this fellow was gone I -began to consider within myselfe that I could looke for no reall dealing -from him, but that he intended either to deliver me into the custody of -my persecutors, or else to destroy me privately in the night, and so to -make a prey of me for his owne profitt; for if I had put myselfe after -this manner into his power, wherby all that I had in my custody became -to be at his disposeing, he could not but hope to reape a greater game -by killing me then by keeping his promise with me. Therfore not thinking -it safe for me to continue theire till night, I resolved an houre after -he was gone to seeke some other hideing place. - -Thus deserting the said chappell I fell into a high way, which of -necessity I was forced to keepe, by reason of the thick hedges and deep -ditches on both sides of the way. Before I had gon far I mett with a -barricade cross the way, made with carts and ladders the night before, -but now it was without any guard. Seing this I concluded that their was -not so strict watch kept for me by day as by night, the which -emboldened me to continue my march in hopes to passe all the inclosed -feilds before night, to reach the champion country, where I could not -bee blocked up in the maner I used to bee among the hedges and ditches. -Now when I had even overcome those difficult wayes among the hedges, and -was now upon the brim of a large champion country, I sought about the -hedges for some hiding place where I might be obscured till darke night. -But before I could find a place fitt for my turne, I was discovered by a -contry man coming from the feild, who dwelled hard by where I was; who -as soone as hee gott a vew of mee hee came rounding towards mee with a -long crooked bill, and made mee to goe along with him to his house, -where I saw never another man, but fowre or five women, whereof one was -his mother, who did curse and revile mee in a most abhominable manner. A -maid was presently sent to some officers in the parish for more helpe, -for his house stood by it selfe in the field far from neighbours. In the -meane time the good man gave mee a glasse or two of wine, and a little -crust of bread, which after two dayes fasting, was some though not -considerable refreshment to mee because it was noe more. Taking noe -delight of the ayre in the house I could not have patience to sitt -downe, though much intreated, but sought to walk up and downe rather -without the dores then within. After that I had bin there about halfe an -howre, the maid that went for more helpe, returned with news, that some -more men would be there immeadiatly. Now the day and night were even -parting, darkenes increasing apace, whilst I still continued to walke, -with many intreaties that hee would dismis mee, promising him 20 -pistolls for his reward, but I could not prevaile with him. At length -the ould woman came forth full of indignacion, rayling and chiding him -for walking in the darke without armes in his hands. The good sone, -taking his mother's witt for the best, willingly yeilded to her -instructions, and prayed her to stay with mee till hee went to fetch his -fowling peece; thus having resigned me to his mother's care, he went to -fetch his gun in the house. I kept in the mean time of his absence a -slow walke while the ould woman full of jealousy followed mee close at -the heeles mandring, and when I guessed what tyme her sone might be got -up the stayres, I made use of my leggs on a suddaine, and ran into a -plaine champion feild, which was on one side of the house, with all -possible speed, leaving the ould woman behind in a distracted and raging -condition, clamering and taking on as one out of witts. Before her good -sone could gitt downe to see what his mother ayled, I was out of reach -of his gun, and out of sight, making soe many crooked turnes in my -passage that they might not know where to follow mee. - -Thus being at liberty again I made full account to bee at Bourdeaux -against the next morning. To which end I marched all the night, making -noe stay in any place, but in the morning when I thought my selfe to be -neere Bourdeaux, I perceived my selfe to bee two leagues directly -backward further from Bourdeaux, then I was in the evening before I made -myne escape. And finding my selfe in a wood through which I had passed -two dayes before, because it was an extraordinary thick misty night, -which was a meanes that I knew not how to deserne the east from the west -by moone or starrs whereby I might have directed my course according to -my intentions, the day being at hand I durst not venture to march -farther for feare of being discovered, but lodged my selfe in a greate -thicked of thornes, for I feared to be discovered in the wood. I lay -hiden till about two of the clock in the after noone some cattle came -neere mee, which following an ould over growne path for grasse, and -forcing through directly upon me, made me run forwards out of the -thicked, for I feared the boyes that kept the cattle would follow them -in the reare, and the thornes and bryars were soe thick and soe closely -growne togeather that it was impossible for mee to creepe through on -eather side. Soe being driven by these brute beasts out of the private -receptacle into a more perspicuus place, I fell presently into the vew -of some boyes that looked to the cattle, whereof some went presently to -make knowne that I was in the wood. Not long after the wood was besett, -and all the high wayes, by which unavoydably I was to pass whensoever I -should offer to gitt out from thence, were strongly gaurded by the -countrymen living thereabout. - -Now I found myselfe as bad as taken againe; for though I could not be -easily found out and aprehended in the wood, by the many impassable -thicketts therein, yet could not I hide my selfe from hunger and cowld, -which were now my greatist enemyes following mee close whether soever I -went or turned my self. I went all the night from one end of the wood to -the other, trying all the passages round about, whether I might nott -make my way through any of them, butt the guards being soe stronge and -vigilant I wearied my self to noe purpose that whole night. In the -morning I retired myself into the thickest and most retired parte of -the wood, and continued there till evening, nott appearing to anybody -all that day, except some hounds which belong'd to the lord that lived -close to the wood side came hunting to mee, but having looked upon mee -with silence they went away. The night drawing on the gaurd about the -wood were sett as strong and as many as the night before, wherby I was -deprived of all hopes of escape; and seeing before mee in case I -continued in that condition any longer, nothing else but present and -unavoydable distruction both of health and life, because I had bin -without releefe both of meate and drinke now about the space of fowre -dayes, I thought it more expedient for mee to make myne escape by some -desperate meanes, though there were never soe little probability in -them, rather then to yeild my selfe to those of whom I could expect noe -comfort then what those cruell and most exquisit torments they had -prepared for mee accompaned with a most ignominous death would have -afforded mee. I resolved therefore to cut two bundles of bulrushes upon -which I could presume to swim over the river of Garrone which was about -two English myles from the wood. But before I came to the River I was to -pass through a greate moras about halfe a myle broad, running all along -close by the wood side, which side was not gaurded by the contrymen, -because the morast it selfe tho unknowne to mee was a sufficient gaurd -to keepe mee from running away. Thus I tooke two bundles of rushes, and -went into the said morast; which though it proved soe deepe and soe -dificult that I sunck to my midle in the quagmire, where I should have -bin past getting out againe if it had not bin for the bundles of -bulrushes which supported mee whilst I recoverd myselfe, yet could I not -be diverted from my resolution, till after I had wrought my selfe almost -through the midle of it, and soe was forced to returne from whence I -came. - -Being come to the wood againe, wet to the midle and exhausted all my -strenght, I sate under a tree, examining and bewayling my mesirable and -hopeles condition. I counted my selfe reduced to that extreamity wherein -infallibly I should have perisht, being opressed with hunger within and -seeing the whole creation against me without, soe that in naturall -reason I could not see how or by what meanes I might have the least -hope, either for my restoration or for my present sustenance. I sent up -to heaven many earnist and importunate requests that the Lord would bee -pleased to shorten my mesiry or else to worke some meracle for my -dileverance and present releife. Now although I earnestly wished and -confidently expected my disolution, which I thought would have befalne -mee that night or sudenly after, in soe fainting a condition I was in -(for besides the failing of my strenght being hindred soe long from -sleep both by feare and cowld, I was not onely uncapable of my reason, -but alsoe careles and altogeather weary of my life), yet would I, I know -not by what naturall instinct, seeke to gitt some ease for my almost -senseles body, as long as occation would give way to it. - -Knowing therefore that under the wood side at the end of the said morast -there stood a lord or gentlemans house which had some stabling about it, -I endeavored to repaire to one of the stables for some shelter, whereby -I might defend my selfe from the extreamity of the ayre, which was very -sharp then; and coming into the stables I went round about groaping and -feeling all along the wall for a private place to hide my selfe. At -length I met with a scaffold in the corner raised a foote and a half -from the ground, and climing upon the same I passed likewise along the -wall till I did tread with my foote upon a little bagg wrapped up in an -ould coate, the which after I had taken up and unwrapped I perceived to -be a bagg full of scrapps or crusts of bread as are used to bee gathered -of the table after meales, weiging some 4 or 5 pounds. This singular -providence of the Lord had such a reflection upon my body and sperritt, -as that whereas before I might have bin counted halfe dead, now I -received a new life againe. Now having gott both bread to sattisfie the -rage of my hunger for three or fowre dayes, and covering to defend my -selfe from the vehement cowld, I could not bee overjoyed of the sight of -this wonderfull mercy of God without which, in my conjecture, I was -absolutely to perish. This unexpected releife gave such comfort to my -drooping spirit as that I was confidently assured there by that the Lord -had thoughts of peace and not of distinction to mee, however hee -suffered mee to bee under the cloud of affliction at present, having -found such a booty. Taking away the said things theirfore I went with a -light hart to the wood againe, takeing along with me a burthen of straw -wrapped into the coate least by scattering of it I should be dogged out -againe; and when I had fetched another burthen of straw I lodged myselfe -in a private place in the wood, and pulling of my wett cloaths I wrapped -myselfe into the long coate I had found in the stable. In this manner I -made a poore shift to keepe my selfe from starving that night. - -The next morning I imployed my tyme in drying my cloaths againe in the -sun, which did shine very bright all that day longe. The night -followeing I went againe round about the wood, trying the guards how I -might secretly slip by some of them, which I found to be very difficult, -till after midnight I percieved the watchmen of one post were asleepe, -or by reason of the cold altogether departed from their station, because -I heard none of them (for to be silent or stand still without acting -some apish tricks is an impossible thing for most men of that nation, -which often tended to my advantage to keepe me from falling into their -hands unawarrs in the darke); then I made bold to steale through, and -once more gott an inlargement of my restraint in which I had bin for -those 3 dayes. - -Now I was free, and intended to hold my former course. I mistooke my way -againe, going too much west of Burdeaux, because of the cloudie ayre -which deprived mee of the sight of the moone and starres, soe that after -I had marched the quantity of 4 leagues, I was neverthelesse as farre as -I was the day before from Burdeaux. And as it hapned all alonge that all -my troubles were soe chaine-like linked together that the end of one -calamitie was alwayes the beginning of another, soe heere did providence -keepe the same method in exercising my patience with further -trialls[27]. For before daylight I fell in my march uppon a great -plaine-heath, which after itt was light I found to bee 4 or 5 miles -broad. Now when I was in the middle the day broake in uppon mee, wherby -I was exposed to the sight of all that mett mee; yett was I arrested by -none till I came over the plaine, then even as I was to leave the great -comon and entering into the inclosed feilds againe, my way fell thorough -a small village, wher as I passed through I saw two or three boores or -paisants standing in a doore. These men taking notice of my habit (the -discription wherof they had learned out of the hew and cry) called after -me, but I not mooved by their call kept on my pace till some of them -gott on horse back others following on foote they overtooke me before I -could hide myselfe in any convenient place. I ran for feare into a ditch -full of water, but they pulled me out from thence with great cruelty. -Having me thus at their mercy they tooke first all my money from me, -which was about eighty pistolls in gold besides what I had in silver -coyne. Suspecting that I had hidden some in the water out of which they -tooke me, setting their fowling peices often to my brest theirby to make -me confesse whether it were so or not, and when they could finde no more -money about me they fell to strip me of my cloaths, and takeing so much -as the shirt from my back they left me naked in the feilds as I came -into the world, telling me that naked I came and naked I must goe out of -the world againe. One of them presently putt on my worsted coate and -drawers, flinging away his owne drawers and wastcoate that were of thin -canvis ragged and torne. Another, which tooke away my hat, resigned unto -me his old bonit. Of these leavings I was forced to make use of to cover -my nakedness withall, though it was an habbit very unsutable for the -season, for their had beene a hard niping frost ever since my escape -from Pulliac, and continued so for two weeks together. - -So parting one from another we went every one his way, they towards -their houses and I towards Burdeaux, though it had beene better for -those villands to have knocked me on the head then to have dismissed me, -for it was their duty to carry me according to order to the safe keeping -of the next magistrate, only for that they should not keepe all the -booty to themselves they let me goe whether I would without restraint. -Because I was now become a worme and no man, a scorne to all that saw -me, I thought that now no body would count me worthy of takeing, -theirfore I retourned to march openly by day. But the mallice of these -rogues that robbed me was such and so great that rather then I should -escape they would make an alarum (though it should be to their owne -hurt) by sounding the horn, wherby they tooke the alarum from one towne -to another, so that before I had martched a league hearing the alarum -behinde and before and round about me, I was forced to fall into the -bottom of a thick hedge to save myselfe from being taken againe. Their I -continued from nyne till two of the clock of the afternoone till the -cold and frost had so benumed all my members of my body that I was -uncapable of any motion, and noe more senceable of any greate and sharp -cold but onely inclyning to a fainting sleepe, soe that I was affraid if -in case I continued fowre howres longer there till I might march at -night againe, I should be past ever rising againe. Therefore when I saw -a plaine contry man not farr of from mee passing I made bold to call -him, with an intencion to promise him a good some of mony if he would -take me into his house, and keepe mee there private for fowre or five -weekes till I might git some letters of creditt from my frinds by way of -Bourdeaux. But when hee came to see mee even spechles by shaking and -quaking for cold, the owld man seeing my condition desired mee to come -home with him to his house, which was hard by in a little village -consisting not of above 12 houses. Having brought mee to his house hee -made mee presently a good fire to gitt life into my starved joynts -againe, and gave mee some bread and drinke such as his house afforded -for my refreshment. - -Whilst I thus refreshed me by the fire side there came severall of the -neibours to looke upon mee in my comfortles condition, whereby some -conjecturing that I was the man conserning whom they had received the -hue and cry, presently sent for the Justice of the peace, which lived -not farr from thence. He came about five of the clocke to waite upon -mee, and was overjoyed that he had gott such a bird in his nett whose -feathers hee thought would be at least 1200 livers in his way. Having -variously discorsed with me and earnestly enquired in whose hands in -Bourdeaux I had the 1200 livers mentioned in the hue and cry, hee tooke -mee along with him into a larger house, where himselfe alsoe lying he -caused mee to bee kept by a gaurd of contrymen. The next morning, -because I could not give him a satisfactory answer to his demands -especially concerning the 1200 livers, hee sent a messenger to Bourdeaux -which was some 3 leagues from thence, for a confessor as he termed it to -bee there against the next morning for to begin the same processe againe -with mee as those at Bourdeaux and Puliack would have done, if God had -not prevented it. In the meane while the gentleman being willing to gitt -as much by my ruine as could bee went to consult with some of his frinds -that were there, how hee might gitt some of the monies that I had lost -the other day within his jurisdiction. Finding hee was not like to -compasse his ends, he began to carry himselfe more affable to mee then -before with all manner of faire promisses, namly that hee would helpe -mee to my cloathes againe and to halfe the mony which I had lost, if soe -be I could find out the men that robed mee or their houses. Wher upon, -though I was sufficiently convinced that onely his and not my profitt -was concern'd in the plott, yet being altogeather in his power, I could -not chuse but yeild myselfe to his desires, and promised to goe back the -same way I came the day before, and not returne before I had found out -the houses of those men that had robbed mee. Then he provided a gaurd -of fowre men with fowling peeces to goe along with me, and two greate -doggs with a little one which were to attend my returne, which would bee -in the night, least I should ever slip in the wood through which wee -were to march. And because my feete being very much spoyled by the frost -I indured before, I could make but small hast to follow my leaders, they -furnished mee with a lame horse, on which I might make some shift to -keepe pace with my gaurd, and yett not to run away from them neither. - -In this equipage wee began our march about 2 of the clock in the -afternoone, and found the house wherein the robbers lived within an -howre and halfe after our departure. But before wee were come halfe the -way to them, least the theeves wee sought for should conceave any -suspition, and so absent themselves if from farr they should see mee -come in their companie, wee went into a farmers house that lived by the -way, and borrowing a long coate from him made of a thick white frize, -they put it about mee, therewith to disguise me. This pollisie of theirs -did exceedingly rejoyce mee, because it not onely conforted my naked -body for the present, but it spoke moreover to mee that the Lord thereby -was preparing new meanes for my deliverance, for by the helpe of this -coate I thought my selfe in a capacity to lye out of dores againe in the -field, which otherwise it was impossible for mee to doe for want of -cloathes. I began therefore to make provision for a new jorney by -filling my bosome with bread where and whensoever occation would serve -mee, for both in the farmers, and severall other houses they made my -gaurd (and me for my gaurds sake) wellcome, by setting alwaye a pott of -wine and a greate househould loafe before us, by which meanes I gott as -much bread as did serve mee two dayes after. At length when wee had -found the place where the robbers dwelt, three of my gaurds went into -the house and would not suffer mee to goe with them, but left mee in -another howse with one of the gaurd, giving to the people of the house a -strickt charge besides to looke to mee least I should make an escape. -Having dispatched their Masters arrand, and returned into the house -where they left mee, I asked them whether they would not helpe mee to my -cloathes againe according to their promisse. They replied that I should -find a man at home that would keepe me warm enough without cloathes, -meaning the hangman, which was sent for him from Burdeaux to be theire -against our retourne. - -The night coming on a pace we prepared for a martch againe, and tooke -our leave from the house we were in. Comeing forth those of my guard -went two before and two behinde keepeing close to my horse heeles -because it was very darke. When we weere gott againe so far as the -farmers house where they borrowed my longe coate, they desired me to -restore the coate to the owners againe. In the meane while the farmer -himselfe came forth of the house entreating my guard to come into the -house, and being entered the men that gaurded me set themselves round -about a table while I was walking up and downe the roome with the -borrowed coate on my back still. And seeing by and by the attentions of -the men taken up with their cupps, and the doggs which were taken along -on purpose to observe my motion in the darke striving about the warmest -place in the chimney corner, I thought it to be the season for which I -had looked with great expectation ever since I gott the coate on my -backe. I made bold theirfore to step out of the roome with leasure as -though I had some private businesse to doe without, and assoone as I was -gotten out I pulled of the coate, and taking it under my arme I went in -hast to try once more my heeles, which though they weere lame before yet -now they were become as light as ever they were. I ran with all speed -towards the open plaine feild which was on one side of the house. I was -not gott halfe musket shott from the house before they came to looke for -me, and finding me to be gone, they called presently forth the doggs, -and sett them with a great and impetuous storme against the wood which -was on the other side of the house, suspecting that I had taken that -wood for my refuge rather then the open feilds. But I being gon the -cleane contrary way, and the doggs amazed and confounded with the -rageing cry of six or seaven men so that they could not take notice of -me as I ran on, the poore men lost their labours and I gott my libberty -by the assistance of God, together with a good warme coate to my back. - -In the end of the game, to take all possible heed from falling into -their or any mans hands againe, I steered my coarse directly back -againe, to a wood which I knewe formerly being stripped not fair from -thence. There I intended to conceale my selfe, and not to goe from -thence till hunger should force mee, for I feared because of the -nessessity they knew that I was in, I must goe to Bourdeaux for releife, -that now they would raise for mee more then ever they did, but if it -were soe that I could be some where in secritt two or three dayes till -the heat of their fury against mee were some what cooled, then I -supposed their gaurds would bee either more careles, or altogeather -removed, that soe I might with more safety gitt throw to Bourdeaux by -night. And coming into the wood, I found in the same a Church with an -empty parson's house, and continued there, for the space of two dayes. -The first night I lodged my selfe in the oven for feare of any bodyes -coming into the house, for I knew not in the darke that I was soe far -from neighbours. But the next day when it was light, I chose for my -habitation a great come chest which stood upon leggs a foote and ½ high -from the ground, and was in all about seaven foote deepe, and there I -spent the rest of the time, as long as I stayed there, onely in the -night I went forth to squench my thurst, out of the trench that went -about the church yard. This was the best lodging that I had since I -leaped over the wall at Bourdeaux; for in the morning after I first came -in I found in a corner an owld sack full of wooll of about 15^{lb}. -weight, which being most in great fleeces was of singular use to mee in -supplying the want of cloathes, for I contryved to wrap my whole body to -the knees into itt, putting the wooll to my skin and tying my canvas -wastcoate and britches on the tope of it whereby I became as warme -although not soe fashonnably clad as ever I was. - -The stoare of my provision being totaly exhausted, I was now -nessesitated to quitt this place, after I had sojorned there two dayes -and two nights. In the 3d night I undertooke to march againe towards -Bourdeaux, which was some 4 leagues from thence. Upon my march I found -the gaurds through the whole night to bee strickly kept in all the -villages, yet I made shift to pas them all by the healp of the great and -continuall noyse the watchmen continually made, which gave me allwayes -sufficient warning to goe by tims about, and soe avoyd the gaurds that -layd waite for me. Yett for all that I could not reach Bourdeaux -undiscovered, for when I came with in a league of the Citty, there was I -met in the morning about 4 of the clock in a plaine place (where two -wayes met) by a man that was one of the cheif of those that gaurded mee -when I made my last escape, and which was also the principall authour of -my borrowing my long coate. He desired mee to make hast to goe with him -to Bourdeaux, though hee had noe armes at all. At lenght his patience -being tired, and thincking infallibly I must come to Bourdeax for releif -both of meate and cloathes, hee went before, out of an intention to lay -waite for mee through others, either by the way or at the Cittie gatts. -Now I was againe possesed with a new fright, for to goe directly without -any delay into the Citty would bee my present mine, and to tarry without -in the feilds did threaten noe less, because I wanted both food and -rayment; yet counting it my best to make choyce of the lesser evill, I -resolved to keepe my selfe in the feild, soe long as I might bee able to -subsist without meate (for though I had lost my warme coate againe, yet -could I make some shift to endure the weather by reason of the wooll -where with my whole body was covered after the manner expressed). Soe -thinking it a greater happines to perrish by hunger and frost (if it had -soe pleased unto God) then to have yeilded my selfe to myne adversaryes -crueltys, I tooke up in this beleefe the bottome of an hedge for my bed -within an English myle from Bourdeaux and remained two dayes. - -Again the 3^{d} day before it was light I drew neere to the towne into -the suburbs, to the end that I might with more expedition gitt to the -water side in the beginning of the next evening before it would bee toe -late; and having layin hidden in the ruines of an owld house all the day -long I went soe soone as it was darke, and came to the water side, -where the shippers are used to have their constant meetings. There I -first met with an Hollandish merchant of a shipe, unto whom I made -knowne my desire to goe along in his ship, engaging my selfe to pay unto -him the sum of 5000 livers for his reward, where and whensoever hee -should land without the kingdom of France. But this man, because I was -not able to speake plaine Hollandish without mixing some English amongst -it, tould me that I was an English rogue, and hee would rather bee a -meanes to helpe me to the gallowes then to carry mee in his ship. Thus -taking my answer from this inhuman Hollander I went to another man that -was master's mate of a great Lubeckish ship, which was ready to sett -sayle the next day. This Lubecker having received my complaints was -mooved with compacion, and tooke mee on board, where both hee and all -the men of the ship expressed greate love to mee, and put mee into -another habitt againe with ould cloathes, furnishing mee among -themselves with dublitt, britches, long coate and other nessisaryes, soe -that I looked now like a rationall man againe, whereas in my former -habitt I seemed to bee a distracted person. As for passage they doubted -not but they should prevaile with the master of the ship who did lye one -shoare that night, but came the next morning on shipboard, in the meane -time they entertayned mee with the best accomodation they had. - -Being thus tenderly entertayned that night, when I wakened the next -morning, I found my feete in which I had felt noe warmnes many dayes -before, soe much swelled, and soe full of paine, after this warme -lodging, that I was not able to stand upright without greate greefe, nor -to abide my shoes upon them. Now as soone as the master came, all the -men in the shipp made intercession for mee to gitt his consent for my -passage, and my selfe promised him as much as I did the Hollander for my -transportation before mentioned; but he being of a dogged surly -disposition would give no eare to my complaints nor take to hart my -woefull mesery, pleading for the safety of his ship and goods, which by -my being their would be exposed to the danger of confiscation, in case -said he that I weere found theirin by the searchers. Yet he said if so -be that I could get so far as Blaye, and shew myselfe their on the shore -side, his men should fetch me into the ship after it had beene searched, -and so I might then goe along with him to Lubeck. Here my sorrowes were -multeplyed againe in an unspeakable manner, because as all my former -endeavours even so this project which I had taken for my last refuge was -fruitllesse. As much as my hart was refreshed the day before, when -getting on ship board I came from dispaire to some hopes of a -deliverance, so much and farr more was I now dejected, being reduced -from hope to dispaire againe. For although the maister of the ship made -some promisse to take me along with him if I could get to Blay, yet -being altogether deprived of the present use of my feet, I could not -conceive any hopes to gett thither and so to enjoy the comfort of his -promisse neither. This desperate condition of myne gave so sad a -spectacle to beholders in the ship that it fetched teares from their -eyes when they saw me tourned into the boate againe, for they looked -upon me as one that was going to a wofull and miserable end. - -Now when I was carryed on the shore againe the men in the ship, who was -much greived with the maisters obstanacy, made a collection among -themselves, and fournished my pocket with a French crowne in money, and -giving me five or six dayes provision of bisket and pootered beefe they -landed me on the other side of the river, with an earnest expectation -that I should strive to the utmost of my power to get to Blaye, which -was eight leagues from thence, and their they would watch for my coming -to fetch me on ship board. - -Being set on shoare about two of the clock in the afternoon, I did force -myselfe to march, though my feet raged as if they had beene full of -needles, and every step I sett was like a knife run through my heart, -yet to strive for my life I would hazzard the losse of my feete, and -have endured the greatest paine in going to Blaye then to fall into the -hands of mine enimyes againe. Thus I marched in great paine all that day -and the night following, without any obstruction because I was unknowne -of that side of the water. The next morning about tenn of the clock I -was met with a younge ougly looking country fellow, who hearing by my -tongue that I was a stranger, bore me company, till he met two men of -his aquaintance, then he together with them fell upon me, and tooke the -crowne from me, and most part of the bisket which the seamen in the ship -had bestowed on me, pretending that I was a spy left behind by the -Spanish fleet which was lately in the river, and so my cloaths being not -worth the taking they lett me goe. But within halfe an houre after upon -better consideration they made an alarum after me by sounding the horne, -which was presently taken round about, wherby I became subject to as -much persecution as I had beene on the other side of the water, for -although I had other habit yet did all the country take me for the man -that was discribed in the hue and cry the two weeks before, seing that -all that came to speake with me reviled me for an English trator. The -alarum was so great that the troopers which quartered their abouts went -the rounds on the high wayes till evening, and at night the countrymen -kept their guards as strictlie as those did on the other side of the -water. - -Heere I was cast into a new despaire againe, for besides that I had lost -all hopes of getting to Blay, by reason that my feete were nott onely -very much swelled by the frost after the manner aforsaid, butt my soales -were alsoe blistred that I was now disabled for going any more, there -was moreover this block cast in my way, that I was now described and -besett with guards in a waterish and inhedged country, and had yett a -great river betweene mee and Blay to passe over, where without all doubt -I was laide waite for in case I had bin able to goe further. Being by -these meanes forced to desist from my resolution to meete the shippe att -Blay, I fell into an hedge to hide mee from the rage of the countrymen -and troopers which did every where attend mee. There I lay in a -deplorable condition, sorely oppressed with greif both of body and -minde; my feete full of raging paine were noe more able to carry mee, -myne heart broke within mee with the conceit that alwayes my later -calamities proved more desperate then the former, and the more that I -strove to gett out of my misery that still the more I should sinke the -deeper into the same. Hence I could nott butt fall into these thoughts, -that the Lord had utterly rejected mee, that hee would bee favourable -noe more, seing hee had sett mee as a marke into the which hee would -shoote all his arrowes of anger; for when I looked for a time of healing -behold my troubles increased, having bin frustrated in this attempt -which I tooke for the last remedy of myne evill, I gave it for lost in -regard I was now altogether disabled to make any further escape as I was -formerly wont to doe when I was taken. In so hopeless a condition I -spent my tyme under the said hedge that day and the night following, -making an end of my provision that the robbers had left me. - -The next day continuing still in the same place, because I was not able -to goe nor knew I whether to goe, the hedge wherin I lay being very -thin, I was discovered by some boyes that kept sheep (about two of the -clock in the afternoone) their abouts, who as soone as they had seene me -ran to the villadge hard by to give notice of my being their. Wher upon -seing myselfe discovered, though before I was not able to stand on my -feet, yet did feare so far overcome me that to shun any danger as long -as possible I could make any shift to crawle a little way from thence to -hide myself in a securer place. But as I was gott a quarter of a myle -from the place where I lay in, it began to raine very hard; so seing a -great house not far of I had a desire to try whether I could finde same -shelter about the same, and coming neare it I entered into a stable one -of whose doores was opened towards the feild the other into a court -before the house. This stable being large was accomodated not only for -cattell on the one side but also for all manner of other uses, for I -found theirin a winepresse round about, their was also laid some cart -loads of faggotts of greene furrs betweene which and the presse I did -hide my selfe thinking it a great happinesse to be out of the cold winde -and raine into a dry place wherby I hoped to have a warme nights -lodging. Perceiving but little company about the house, when I came -first into the stable I lay their with great confidence, not suspecting -any body knew of my being their, yet before I had beene their halfe an -houre, the good man of the house with two of his servants came home from -the feild and received information conserning me of his son, a little -boy of some 13 or 14 yeares old, who see my coming into the stable and -watched me ever since then, wherby he knew that I was not come forth -againe. Here upon great and small come into the stable rejoyceing for to -have gotten the theife for whose sake all the townes and villages -theirabouts had been fame to keepe guard all the night past, and being -assured that I could have no other hiding place but under the furrs they -sent for two longe hay forkes to remoove them all to come att me. I, in -the meane tyme full of terror and trembling as soone as I perceived that -I was discovered, forced myselfe under the winepress which was joyned to -one side of the wall, the bed their of lay on two peices of timbre which -being some five foot one from another were no thicker then my body so -that with hard shift I could worke betwixt the bed and the ground upon -my belly to the wall. Being crept under it as farr as I could, I tooke -an old peece of wood which accidentally lay their and left it with other -small sticks in the outside under the bed theirby to prevent in them all -suspicion of my being under the presse. Now when they had remooved all -the furrs and come to the full sight of the bed of the winepress they -tooke it for granted that I could not be their, because the hollownesse -between the ground and the bed was so flat in their apprehentions that -they judged it altogether uncapable of receiving a man, theirfore they -only ran the forke into the peice of wood which I had laid out of the -mouth of the hollow, and having tourned the same they made no further -scruple of that place, but were taken with great wonder and amazment, -being confident I had beene seene going into the stable and not coming -out againe, or if I was gott out it was not by naturall meanes but by -witchcraft. Nevertheless suspecting that perhaps he might be mistaken in -watching my coming forth either into the feild or into the court (though -both the doors of the stable were so placed that from one station he -could looke them both) because it was now darke, and their were more -stables and a great deale of timber in the court where I might hide -myselfe in case I were got out of the stable, the maister of the house -sett his two men to watch in the court all the night over till the next -morning that they might make a more exact search for me. - -The two watchmen walked the round in the court all the fore part of the -night, while in the meane tyme about eleaven of the clock, being weary -to lye longer in so cumbersome a posture, I gott forth from underneath -the winepress, where I had lyen now about nyne houres flatt on my belly -till all my joynts felt like dead, because being pressed close to the -ground I had no roome to turne myselfe nor to make any motion with my -body. Being gott out of this straite lodging I sheltered myselfe -betweene the cattle that stood on one side of the stable observing the -motion of the said watchmen, which having borne the labour of the day -and now walked till now about midnight began to longe for some rest, -because they could not perceive all that tyme the least signe of my -being their abouts. They blamed the boy for making such trouble with his -groundless fancies and came into the stable where I was, laying -themselves downe to sleepe hard by the doore that went into the court, -and after they had a little reasoned that I could not breake open the -doore about the court without making a great noyse they went boldly to -sleepe while I heartely prayed for their good rest. As soone as I judged -them to be fast a sleepe I passed by them into the court where I found -all the doors locked and the walls so high that by no meanes I could -gett over them. I walked an houre up and downe devising by what shift I -might get out into the feilds, at length finding no other meanes to -escape I pitched upon a doore which went into a vineyard joyning to the -house, and seeing this doore went not close to the threshold upon the -ground but lacked so much of his full length as that I could put my fist -under it, I tooke a small peice of a tree and lifted the said doore from -the hinges and after I had loosened it, being both in feare and hast, I -could not prevent the falling of it to the ground, wherby presently the -whole house tooke an alarum, but I having now before me a great hole to -get out by would make no stay to looke for the issue of that alarum but -ran a pace till I gott without the bounds of that vineyard. - -Thus in the midst of my greatest trouble I received comfort againe, -though it was but such as in relation to a better condition was -comparable to dispare it selfe, for although I had drawne my foot out of -the snare yet knew not where to fix my biding but must of necessity fall -into another againe. I was become like a ship that upon a tempestuous -sea hath lost his rudder and sailes and can no more be guided by the -discretion of the steersman to any harbour of safty, but left to the -mercyless waves to be overtourned and swallowed up in the deepe, to be -cast upon the rocks of despaire. Even so was I at this instant deprived -of all hope and counsell to direct my course either to the right or left -for safety, seing nothing but signes of unavoidable destruction round -about me. - -Being thus at liberty againe to seeke another hiding place I walked or -rather crawled upon my pittifull feet out of one feild into another, not -knowing nor careing which way I went, till againest day I lit on another -barne which stood by itself about a stones cast from the dwelling house. -Coming to this barne I found a little haystack piled up against a wall -the which, the weather being very ill, was a great invitation to me to -take up my lodging on the top of it, perswadeing my selfe that no body -would suspect or seeke me theire. In this confidence I made shift to get -to the top of it, and having prepared me a place wherin I might lye both -secret and warme I fell presently a sleepe, not wakeing till about nyne -of the clock. Being wakened I saw two country fellows at the barne doore -standing on purpose to watch least I should get away before those came -for whom they had sent to aprehend me. Here the comfort my last nights -escape had gotten in me was tourned into dispaire againe, although I -knew not by what meanes or after what manner I had beene discovered so -soone, only I ghesed that either some body had seene me goe into the -barne, or else the servants when they came to feed a couple of oxen -which stood in a pertition made in the corner of the barne had heard me -make some noyse in my hard sleepe. How ever it came these same fellows -thought themselves very sure of me, mocking and jearing with my -pittifull condition, and demanding of me why I would rather come to be -taken in their barne then their neighbours house which was but halfe a -mile from thence. I had bewitched their neighbours eyes, but I should -not bewitch theirs. With such and the like jeasts they passed their tyme -till the good wife of the house called them to dinner; then they went to -the dwelling house, and fetched their meat, with an intent to dine -without the doore that so they might both eate and have an eye to the -prisoner. - -As soone as they were gone I raised myselfe from my couch and perceiving -in the little pertition where the oxen stood that their was a hole -broken in the wall some nyne foot from the ground for to let the light -in I hasted downe from the stack and went into the said stable and -making meanes by a long beame to get up to the hole, after I had looked -out of it, I found that it would be very narrowly overlooked by them -that stood in the doore of the dwelling house. Yet because the watchmen -that were at dinner saw a little more to that side of the doore where -they could not give so good attendance to the hole as to the barne -doore, I retourned to creep out and fell into a thicket of briers which -were under the hole, and on that side of the barne. Being gotten to the -ground I crept in the bottom of these bryers till I came at the back of -the barne, then could I goe whether I would without disturbing the -watchmen, being at their dinner. Now because it was daylight I durst not -venture far to seeke a hiding place for feare of being betrayed againe, -I was constrained to fall into a ditch under a thick hedge near the high -way that came from Burdeaux. I had not lien long their before the alarum -conserning me was made as fresh as ever it was. The troopers went too -and fro upon the high wayes, and all the travillers that passed by me -made me the cheife subject of their discourse, giving to my hearing -(because I laid on the way side) their severall judgments upon me, one -counting me a crafty fellow, another tooke me for a witch by reason that -I had beene so oft in hold and yet escaped as oft again beyond their -expectations that had me in coustody. - -All these things that I heard and saw could promisse nothing else but a -finall ruine to me, neither could I since I was disapointed in my -journey to Blaye think upon any way more wherby I might conceive any -hopes of life; yet as every day brought forth new troubles, so new -troubles led me upon new devices, new devices gave me new experiences -of the wonderfull mercyes of God. Even so while I lay in the bottom of -the hedge struggleing for life, I began to have new consultations -againe; though I had hitherto beene frustrated in all my attempts, as -longe as I enjoyed breath I thought it my duty to nature to thinke upon -others. However the latter project semed to be more desperate then the -former. I resolved theirfore to retourne to Bourdeaux againe being no -further then three leagues from thence, and to apply myselfe to some -Hambrough marchants, thinking if the Lord would yet looke upon my -afflictions that he was able to incline their harts towards me, and make -them instruments of my recovery, and keepe me also out of the hands of -my enimyes which lived their, but if he intended to bring me to a wofull -end in this world I counted it as expedient for me to submit to his good -pleasure their, as in the country where not the least hope of life did -appeare to me. - -To prosecute this resolution, as soone as it was darke I laboured to get -forward to Burdeaux with as much speed as I could. Finding the guards -very vigilant in all villages I made shift to pass by them with going -about where occation served, but as I came to an open market towne -within two leagues of Burdaux I met with a small river at the hither -end of the towne. Because of the low waterish grounds and deepe ditches -and thick hedges, this place was so barrocaded up with carts and ladders -and through all the night so strongly guarded that by no means it was -possible for me to get through or by it, although I spent all the whole -night in trying all manner of wayes to gett by. Against morning I went a -little back to hide myselfe in a great empty barne which stood aloane in -an inclosed feild, in hope that it would not be frequented much by day -by any people, because their was nothing in it but some rotten and -decayed straw under which I lay hid. Their I took my rest undiscovered -till about one of the clock, their came halfe a dozen children which in -their play running up and downe a top of the straw came to tread upon me -as I lay in my sleep. Herby they presently discovered me, saying that I -was the theife for whom they had watched all the last night, they would -goe to tell their fathers of my being theire. And so they being gon -their way I thought it not safe for me to stay their till the -inhabitants should come to take me with delibration, theirfore I went -forth to seeke another hiding place, but could finde none ready to my -hand, because of the ditches under the hedges were brim full of water. -In the meane while I came accidentally to see the barrecado which the -townes men had made the night before for my sake to be without any guard -(for they thought I durst not march by day in view of the people--they -kept only guard in the night tyme) I resolved to make use of this -opportunity, and to venture through the towne at noone day. Thus -comitting myselfe to the Lord I marched with confidence through the -towne whilest the people theirin least expecting my coming, because it -was about dinner tyme I did not meet many on the streets, divers men -looking over the doores, and seeing me goe fistling as though I heard -nothing, knew not what to make of me. I went in a poore seamens habbitt, -yet by that tyme I was gott through the other end of the towne they -bethought themselves better, and suspected that I was he for whose sake -they watched the last night, calling after me and desiring me to tarry, -and I refused to hearken to their call, they cryed aloud their was the -traytor we looked for the last night. But before they could be ready to -come or send after me, I being now got through the towne went backward -behind the middle of the towne, where I did hide myselfe againe whilest -some of the townes men pursued me in the way to Burdeaux. - -I continued my march the next night carrying nevertheless about me and -before me the alarum all the night longe till I came to the river side, -only now being in a dry country I could shunne at pleasure all their -guards by goeing about, receiving always sufficient warning by the -singing and clamouring they used where they were. The morning following -I gott to the river side some two English miles before Burdeaux, taking -up my quarters on the bottom of a steep hill overgrowne with small wood -on purpose to overlooke all the conveniences how I might get privately -in the evening tyme into the Citty, their to put my last project in -practice. And when it was broad day light that I could see all about the -sittuation of the towne and river I found myselfe in another mistake, -wherby all my hopes were dashed with one blow as it were to peeces; for -I was perswaded all this while that their was a bridge extant over the -river into the Citty, over which I intended to have pased in the duske -of the evening when no body would have taken notice of me, but now I was -come neer the Citty I found no such thing, and counted myselfe to be in -as great a strait as ever I was, for to desire passage over the water of -any waterman I durst not venture, unlesse I would be carried by him -directly into the hands of myne enimyes againe, neither had I any money -to pay for my passage, and to be transported for charrity I could not -expect from any in that country. I was now as neare if not neerer to -despaire as the Israelites were at the Red Sea, being persecuted by -innumerable enimyes that were round about, and sorely oppressed with -hunger within, besides the pittifull condition of my feet. I gave over -all hope of life, unlesse the Lord would work further mirracles for my -deliverance as he had done formerly. - -In this comfortlesse condition I kept my lodging upon the hill till -night, then I went downe into the plaine which was all along the river -side, to see whether I could get a peece of bread by begging in the -darke (for I had beene now foure dayes without) thinking that no body -would be ready to apprehend me if I fell not upon a guard. And as I came -to a house, asking but in vaine for a peece of bread for God's sake, I -perceived that they were making fire into a baking oven standing in an -out house in the garden which together with the house was incompased -with a deepe moate round about. This same sight caused me to looke to -the oven while the bread was bakeing, to that end I got into the next -vineyard and made passage into the said garden with a bundle of sticks -which lay in that vineyard, filling the moate with them being ready to -my hand. Being by this meanes gott into the garden I watched with great -longing till the bread was put into the oven, and when it had an hours -baking I made bold to step to the oven, and tooke the iron shutter downe -wherwith the mouth was stopped rearing it against the wall upon some -cloggs of wood; then I reached forth a loafe with the bread shovill, but -having got it to the mouth of the oven the iron shutter fell downe and -made a very great noyse, which so frighted me that I let the shovill -fall and run for my life. The man of the house came presently running -towards the oven, but I was gone before he could see me, and so my -designe to get bread came to nothing. Afterwards I walked about all the -night, out of one vineyeard into another on the water side, studdying -how I might get over the water. At length my deliberations came to this -result, that I intended to seek a boat some where on the river side, -wherin I might endeavour to put myselfe over the river by stealth in the -night tyme, though it semed very difficult to me, both for breadth of -the river and for the luggish and unweildiness of the boates which were -their abouts, for I could find no less then such as would carry at least -three horses at one tyme, which could not be guided by one man and -without a rudder too. Yet necessity compelling me to make use of such -occasions as I could get, I was fully resolved to prosecute this -conclusion, only as the tyde fell out I could not put it into practice -before two or three dayes were past when I might have a flowing water -about ten or eleven of the clock at night. - -The maine question now in debate with me was how I should subsist so -many dayes longer without bread, for having fasted already foure dayes I -was now theirby, as also by former hardship, brought so low that to my -thinking I could not be able to goe another day. But the determination -of that query was so far above the reach of my reason that I could not -contribute the least thought towards it. Theirfore I did cast myselfe -wholy upon the Lord's providence and went against daybreake to my former -lodging upon the hill againe, the lower ground next to the river not -yeilding me as yet any convenient hiding place by reason of the watery -ditches under the hedges. Their I sat and had a faire prospect which was -very fitt to overlook the country, but not the end of my mesery. Because -it was Sunday I beheld all the inhabitants merry and joviall below, -while I was ready to faint for hunger and greife above. No earthly thing -had place in my thoughts but bread, bread, great store of which was not -far from me but to come by very hard for me. About tenn of the clock I -saw both men and women to flock very thick to the Church which was neare -an English mile from thence, the which sight gave me occation to think -that whilest the most part of men were at masse I might goe downe -without any great danger, and try the charrity of the maids and women -that were left at home to looke to the houses, if perhaps they would -take pitty on me and succour me with a peece of bread. And when I came -downe I came from one house to another to beg for releife, useing all -the arguments of perswation as ever any begger in the world did, yet -could not stir the least compassion in any of them what pittifull -expressions soever I made to them, but instead of an almes they bestowed -so many heavy curses and ill wishes upon me. Whereat neverthelesse I was -not daunted, but hunger helping me to beare all reproaches I continued -to solicite though to no purpose one house after another, till at the -length I came at a house where no body was at home, but were all at the -masse. Wherupon to try all manner of conclutions for my releife I made -bold to climbe into the window, not fearing any neighbours because all -the houses stood by themselves a great way asunder, and seing the -chimney to have some live coales in it, I doubted not but the cubbard -would also afford some bread. I broke open the window and went into the -house streight way to the cubbard, not minding anything else in the -house. Having opened the cubbard I found nothing else then a loafe of a -peck of houshold bread one quarter wherof was eaten, I borrowed the -rest, together with a pipkin full of fatt gathered both of boyled and -roaste meate holding about a pinte. Having performed what I came in for -I went out at the window againe, and being by that meanes provided by -the spetiall providence of God and theirby enabled to subsist for some -dayes till the tide would fall out later to carry on my designes to get -over the water by night. - -I went now to consider of a place where I might spend this prey in rest -and safty, and knowing that all the sittuation theirabouts would not -aford me a better accomodation then the presse house joyned to the same -dwelling house where I borrowed the loafe, both being under one roofe -only distinguished by a partition wall in the midle, I went into the -same, in hopes that the people of the house when they came home would -not once suppose me to have tarried so neare the place wher I had -comitted such a fact, but that they would rather perswade themselves -that I was gon further to conceale my actions. This presse house was -very full of lumber, and their was amongst the rest a great coupe or fat -about nyne foot high and seaven foot wide. I liked this coupe so well -that I made use of it for my lodging as long as I should stay on this -side of the water, supposeing that their I should lye in no bodys way to -be discovered, because no body could get neither in nor out of the same -without a ladder. But having first made provision how to get in and out -by meanes of a long rope and longe notched peece of wood reared up -within the tubb, went into the same and fell to feed upon such cheare as -God had sent me, giving God praise both for this seasonable releife and -for so necessary and convenient lodging prepared for me, for I estemed -myselfe now to want nothing having meate within the fatt with me, and -their lay four hogsheads of small wine or burick (made with water -wherwith the grapes are washed after they are pressed over againe) in a -room which was instead of a seller under the dwelling house, but the -dore of it came into the press house. Their as often as I was dry and -nobody in the way I went to drinke my fill with a reed out of the -bung-hole opened with an iron naile which I continually carryed about -me. - -I had not beene longe in the fatt before my landlord came home, who -with all the rest of his houshold was much amazed at the honesty, yet at -the boldness of the theife was offended, because he had offered to -breake open nothing but the cubbard, and carryed away nothing but the -bread, and the fat driping. When he made his complaints to his -neighbours of his ill fortune, they told him that I had been begging at -their doores, and that I was not come back againe that wayes, but if he -would finde me out he must goe forewards his house. Borrowing in the -meane tyme another loafe he went to dinner with his family which -consisted of two men besides himselfe and two women. After diner they -went all up and downe to inquire whether I had bent my course. One of -the men being wiser then the rest my foot prints were easily diserned -from other folks who all both great and small made use of wooden shooes -which having no high heeles make farre another print then other shooes -doe, and doeing after this manner they found indeed I was come into the -house, but that I was neither retourned nor gon beyond the house, so -they concluded that infallably I must be still in the presse-house -hidden under the lumber that was theirin. They began theirfore to remove -with great confidence all the lumber and empty caskes that was in the -presse house, which was so tedious a worke that it kept them busy from -two of clock till darke night, having not the least conjecture all this -while of the great fatt wherin I lay fearing and trembleing, because -they were sure that without a ladder I could not get out nor into the -same. Thus having wearyed themselves with searching for me in vaine till -evening they gave over searching, and I kept quiet possession of my tub -till Wedensday in the morning. - -I came forth somtymes for drinke and motion of my body, especially in -the night tyme, but when the Lord intended to let me see another -experiment of his power and love towards me, he let it come to passe -that on Weddensday in the morning about day break I fell as I was in my -sleepe into a violent coughing, caused by some humors falling into my -throat, of which though it were for my life I was not able to refrain -myselfe, so that those that were in the dwelling house came theirby to -heare distincly wher I was and had beene ever since Sunday noon; for the -great tubb made such an eccho, that they presently called to me out of -the window of the dwelling house that looked into the pressehouse -congratulating and jearing me with my strangly conceited lodging. -Theirupon the good man of the house sent imediatly his two men to guard -the doore of the presshouse, and himselfe when it was breake of day -went to advise with his neighbours how to send to their Justice of peace -to give notice of my condition. - -Now my hopes began again to faile, being falne into the hands of those -who in regard of their owne wrong they had received from me would use -their uttmost endeavours to look more narrowly to my coustody then ever -any did before, yet considering how the Lord had owned me hithertoo with -so many wonderfull deliverances I would not cast away all courage, what -grounds of dispaire soever came into my way, but perswaded myselfe -confidently that he would not have wrought so many wonderfull evasions -heretofore if he intended to destroy me in the end. Theirfore I doubted -not but that the Lord would finde some way to deliver me even from these -present feares, though the manner how was hidden from mine eyes till -noon. For then it came to passe that the watchmen which otherwise stood -constantly at the doore of the press-house had their dinner brought -them, for the eating of which they seated themselves on the ground some -what to the left hand of the doore, so that I had liberty to creep out -of the great fatt without their sight, and to passe by the doore without -their sight into the roome where the foure hogsheads of beverick before -mentioned were. Now having heretofore observed the structure of the -house, and knowing their were a paire of stairs built after the Scotch -fashon without the maine wall by which they went up into the dwelling -roome, and that underneath the staires their was a concavity fitted for -a hogstye into the which their was made a hole through the maine wall -out of the roome where the drinke lay, I went whilest the watchmen -minded their dinner to creepe through that hole, and being with much -pains (because it was both little and high from the ground) gott through -I laid close in the said hogstye till evening; not dareing to stir forth -because of the watchmen standing at the presshouse which was hard by the -front of the stairs, the doore of the hogsty being on the backe of the -same. After the watchmen had dined they went to their station againe in -the press-house, fastening the doore, and sett themselves on jeering and -mocking the theife in the tubb, not knowing the change of my quarters. -Againe evening when it became dark they drew themselves to a place not -far from the tubb. Their they made themselves merry with useing all -manner of idle talke to me as they thought in the tubb, desiring me to -content my selfe with my lodging one night longer and I should be -releived the next morning betymes. It being quite darke I went out of -the hogstye, where I had lyen since one of the clock in great feare, -because their went a foot path close by me on which much people used to -walke, and could as they came along fully see me in the hogstye, which -had no corner to hide me in but was only a square hole capable to -receive one hogg. But by providence it began to raine very hard soon -after I was got into it, and continued so till ten of the clock at -night, by reason wherof they that went by had either their faces covered -or were faine to look to their feet to keep themselves from slipping. - -Then I made for the water side to looke for the boate that I had made -choyse of on Saturday night before, and having found it I ventured about -ten of the clock to goe over in it, giving myselfe to the streame which -of itselfe carried me upwards being some two miles below Burdeaux, and -with a strick wrought to make way to cross the River which their abouts -was neare an English mile broad, and by these meanes I arived safely on -the Chartrux in Burdeaux about twelve of the clock at night, discharging -the boate after my arivall by comitting it to the care of the streame -againe. Being landed I went to hide myselfe and take up my rest in the -ruins of an house in the subbearbs on the other side of the towne. In -the morning as soon as it was light I retourned to the Charterux to -inquire for some Hambrough marchants, and having found two of them -living in one house, I declared to them my straits that I was in, -desiring them in charrity to assist and helpe me till I could get -releife by letters of credit from my freinds. I durst not aquaint them -with the grounds and circumstances of my mesery upon what account I had -beene persecuted (for then they would have beene affraid to medle with -me), only I told them that I was coming with other company from Rochell -and I fell sick, wherby I was forced to stay behind for two or three -dayes, and being recovered I came along with a guide, and being halfe -the way betweene Rochell and Burdeaux I was set upon by three robbers -who tooke all that I had from me, stripping me also of my cloaths. These -gentlemen gave some credit to my complaint with much to doe, being -neverthelesse full of doubts whether or no I was not an imposture or -vagabond run away from the Spanish or French army, yet could they not -altogether withdraw their comiserations from my pittifull complaints, -especially hearing of mine acquaintance with severall men of credit in -Hambrough. Theirfore as the credit which they gave to my relation was -mixed with doubts so they recomended me to a poore drinking house, where -upon their word I had some poore entertainment mixed with sorrow. It was -such as came short of that I had in the tub before I was discovered, -only it served very narrowly to keepe body and soule together till I -gott other releife. Very loathsom and musty bread, or livers, sheep and -hoggs lights, were my best faire on flesh dayes. On fasting dayes -(videl:) Frydayes and Saturdayes I was glad to be contented with sopps -made of the said bread scalded with water and greased over with stinking -oyle. - -And with all this I should have beene contented and have counted myselfe -happye might I but have enjoyed withall a kinde looke of my landlady -once a weeke, but she was such an inveterate and malicious woman, -desended as I thought of an infernall progenety, as that I never knew -the like of her. Her humour was such that she would maunder all the -weeke like a cursed dog, and if a straw crossed her the whole house -trembled at her indignation, none, not the goodman of the house himselfe -dareing to come into her presence till her fury was spent; and when she -wanted other matter of scolding my poverty was the maine subject of her -malice, because she perceived the recomendation of my freinds (the -marchants that brought me thither) to proceed from a coole affection she -respected me no better then a begger that is maintained for God's sake, -upbraiding me dayly with the poore entertainment she gave me, and -threatening oft to tourne me out of doores. So impetuous and formidable -was the carriage of this Proserpina, and made me so tame and so -aplicable that upon her command I served her for a scullion boy in all -occations, waiting upon the ghests that came to drink their to carry -their potts to the celler, and performing all manner of servile duties -all the tyme of my being their. She made me tourne the spitt, the which -preferment indeed was more agreable to my present habbit then my -stomack, nor did the action itself so much greive me as the conceit to -think I should not eat of the roast meat but take only the smell for my -paines. In this practise I continued almost a moneth, keeping constantly -within doores both for shame of my poore habbit and for feare of myne -enimies, till I got releife by a bill of Exchange from my freinds. Then -I changed my lodging, and put my selfe into another habbit againe. - -I prepared for a journey to retourne by land to Roan, by the way of -Paris. Now because I had beene so frighted with that nation I feared my -journey would proove but uncomfortable to me if I should travaile -without aquaintance, I made choyce of a younge man whom I had learned to -know in my poore lodging but lately mentioned. This young man was borne -and had his parents in Roan, but had beene for many yeares in the Low -Countryes, by reason wherof he spoke good Dutch; he had beene lately -taken by an English vessell and set on shoare near the River of Garrone. -Having understood his desire to be at Rouen I promissed to beare his -charges if he would goe along with me; he was much pleased with this -offer of mine only he desired to take the consent of some of his -friends. Now this young man beyond my expectation had a kinsman in -Bourdeaux who was a familiar friend and daly aquaintance of one that was -among the number of my principall adversaries liveing in the Citty. Both -the kinsman of my chosen companion and my adversary spoke very good -English, for they had lived a longe tyme in England, and when the said -yonge man had asked his kinsman's advice about my proffers made to him, -the kinsman was very inquisitive to know my name and my condition; then -having obtained both and theirupon conferred with myne adversary, they -came to finde that I was the man which was upon the stage eight weeks -agoe (when I applyed myselfe to the Hambrough marchants their lay a -great necessity upon me to keepe the same name by which I was -persecuted, or else I could not have sent letters of credit in another -name) then they went to contrive after what manner they might renew my -troubles againe. Now what the reason was they did not areast me -presently before I went from Burdeaux I know not, only besides the -pertickular providence of God. I think it was either for feare that the -English marchants living in Burdeaux with whom they had much dealings, -would take notice of their mallice to the English nation, or else -knowing that I intended to goe to Rochell they judged it more convenient -that I should be accused and tryed where the other of my persecutors -were, especially the first and cheife author of my mesery being of that -number. They gave instruction to my comrade how he should betray me at -Rochell to the said persecutors of mine which then would take further -care of myne accusation. - -In the meane tyme I was altogether ignorant of these new plotts, not -having the least suspission of my comrade that he would have played the -traytor with me till I came to Roan in Normandie. But the Lord who had -saved me out of all former troubles would anihilate even this device -against me. For when on the 16^{th} day of January I departed from -Bourdeaux with my traytor, goeing by the water so farr as Blaye we -lodged their that night, having another gentleman from Tours bound to -goe the same way with or in our company. The next morning[28] before we -sett forth we met their accidentally with three horses and a guide which -were to retourne to Poicters. This oppertunity happened very comodiously -for our tourne, seing that I and the other gentleman might gaine a days -journey in the shortness of the way to Paris, for that the gentleman -from Tours and I made choice to goe by the way of Rochell was only for -want of occation to goe the nearest way to Paris. Theirfore I and the -said gentleman, being glad of such an ocasion to shorten our journey, -compounded with the messenger from Rochell with whom we had contracted -at Bourdeaux for our passage to Rochell, giving him halfe fright rather -then to loose a dayes journey. My tretcherous companion, having laboured -as much as he could to hinder our purpose to goe by the way of Poicters, -was much discontented that by this meanes he lost all hopes of coming to -Rochell their to discharge himselfe of his dutye he owed to his cousin, -yet that he might not be wanting in any thing that he might reward me -with an ill tourne for all my kindnesse to him all the way through -France, he sent presently a letter from Blay to his cousin in Bourdeaux -to give him notice that we were not like to come at Rochell, but that we -were gone another way to Paris, desiring him to send further -instructions how he should behave himselfe in the businesse to a -certaine house in Paris, where he would call for it when he should come -thither. - -Thus we marched very lovingly to Paris, I having not the least jealousy -of his perfidious dealings, I made him every way equall with me both for -entertainment and accomodation, bearing all his charges and expences by -the way coming to Paris. As soone[29] as we were got into our lodging he -went forth to looke for his directions, which were to be sent after him -by the post by his kinsman above mentioned, and their he received my -accusation subscribed both by my adversaryes at Rochell and of those -that were of my examination at Bourdeaux, together with a letter of -recomendation to a gentleman that was borne in Paris, who had a brother -that kept an inne at Rouen, this gentleman was to take care of my -examination and accusation according to the instructions he had received -from Bourdeaux in writing and from my comrade in word of mouth. -Theirfore the day following, as I and my Judas came to take horse at the -messengers house, he tooke the paines to travaile with us from Paris to -Roan their to execute his commission against me. Now by the way both he -and those that were in our company whom he had aquainted with his -designe began to put forth many merry conceits and perswations of my -future troubles, yet continuing their jeasts that I could not aply any -thing to my selfe openly, but only I entertained some suspition within -myself not taking however any notice of their apish gesticulations, but -carryed my selfe as though I had not perceived the meaning of them. - -Being come to Roan this gentleman who was to mannage the businesse by -letter of attorney perswaded me to take up my lodging in his brothers -house, unto which, not to shew myselfe unwilling or any ways daunted, I -willingly consented, still hopeing that perhaps I might be deceived in -my suspisions that I had collected out of their foolish mockeryes, for I -could not imagine that my comrade unto whom I shewed so much love and -freindshippe would have rewarded me with so perfideous dealings. -Because it was darke night when we entered the citty, their could be -nothing done that night, but the next morning betymes they went about -their erand; being in the meane tyme perswaded that I knew not nor -suspected any thing of their plott against me because I carryed myselfe -with a merry countenance among them. - -But the Lord, who heretofore had found out many wonderfull wayes for my -deliverance, sent here also his angell to give me warning of the bloody -devices they had contrived against me. For ther was a yonge man from -Rochell who intended to travaile by land so far as Deepe, and had beene -in our company ever since we came from Poicters. He taking to hart the -cruell entertainment that was prepared for me, was mooved with -compassion of my woefull misery that I was like to fall into. Very -suddenly theirfore when oppertunity served, in the morning he tooke me -into a private corner, and told me that I was to be examined in a -rigorus way by the hangman the next day after uppon some artickles that -my comrade had brought along with him from Bourdeaux, and that I might -give the better heed to his words he made a circumstantiall relation to -me of all what had passed at Bourdeaux with me, and what was lately -mentioned concerning this new plott, adviseing me to absent myselfe if -I loved my life and safety. Further said he, 'the reason that you are -not yet areasted is, because your comrade told them that you are quite -bare of moneys, and that you intend this day to take up some from your -marchant; they will not lay hold of you till you have taken so much as -you will that they may have the better booty, theirfore they let you goe -freely whether you will, for they all think that you suspect nothing of -their designe.' - -Now I came to see the trueth of the suspition I conceived the day before -upon the roade, but being aquainted with the greediness of my -adversaryes, I made the use of it. When I had beene forth in the morning -and taken up some money of my marchant, I retourned againe to my -tretcherous comrade, at my dinner tyme imparting to him that I had beene -with my marchant to receive of him 500 livers, but he having not the -money ready in the morning desired me to come about three or foure of -the clock in the afternoon. This pollicy I used because I durst not -venture to make an escape in the day tyme for feare of being watched by -some body, but in the darke I thought I might goe any whether. The Lord -blessed my endeavour accordingly, for this excuse of myne concerning the -receiving the money was taken for a reall trueth, so that they suffered -me to goe forth againe in the afternoon, not doubting my retourn, for to -make all sure I bought in the forenoon a couple of books and some -lining, and left them on the table in my chamber in the presence of my -comrade with my pistolls and sword and other necessaryes in a little -port-mantle. - -Now when night drew on that it was a little duskish I bought another -sword, a pockett pistoll, a paire of shooes, and a leather bagg the -which I filled with bread. Having made this provision I crossed the -river of Seine in a boate, I intending to goe on foot to Caen in -Normandie, which was some 28 leagues from Roan, their to look for some -English ship wherin I might be transported to England. For brevity sake -I forbeare to make any relation of the pertickulars of every day. Only -because hue and cry followed me close where ever I came I durst not come -neare any towne or house, but was constraned to keepe the open feild -twelve dayes together, or for the most part in sollitary woods, dureing -which tyme their was a most vehement frost, and the ground was all -covered with snow wherby I was often dogged as a hart by his track. For -eight dayes I could neither sit nor lye downe but where I was first -faine to bestow halfe an houres worke to cleare the snow from the -ground; and above all the rest the night after the fifth of February -proved most pernicious to my feet, for the night and day before their -was a great storme with snow and tempest, wherby the ground became so -deeply covered with snow, that as I was marching the night after, every -step I made I trode halfe and somtymes whole knee deep in the snow. By -which meanes the snow melting upon my leggs and runing downe into my -shooes, my stockins began to be frozen to my toes like as it were a cold -stone before I was awar of it; for whilest I was in motion I thought no -snow could indanger me, how wet soever my feet were, but having lost all -the feeling out of them, I did not presently pull of my stockings as -soone as I came to sit still, and that while the frost gott such an -advantage upon me that it would have cost me both my feet had I not -bouried them after the sun was up in a heape of snow, wherby the frost -was drawn out againe, yet the flesh about the great and little toe of my -left foot being past recovering I was forced to have it cut of as soone -as I had oppertunity of tyme and place. - -During this progresse I had no other sustenance but what I brought out -of Roan, and what afterwards I got with great hazard of my life. The -provision that I carried out of Roan with me lasted three dayes, having -fasted after that was spent two dayes, I ventured in the duske of the -evening into a little towne called Bullie, their to buy some bread, -thinking that no body would take notice of me at such a tyme in the -evening. But as soone as I was gott into the towne, the townesmen being -informed of my coming before hand by two travillers, which on horseback -overtooke me a little before I gott to the towne, besett presently the -two passages of the towne with a gaurd, while they went to consult how -to lay hold on me in a more legall way. For the towne lyeing close to -the river and backed with very steep and unaccessable hills had but two -passages to come in and out, which being guarded though they let me goe -about the towne, yet they counted me as sure in their hands as if they -had had me in a safer coustody. Perceiveing this, as soone as I came -into the towne by the people staring and mocking me, I forgot my hunger, -and could not looke for bread, but only meanes to get out of the towne -againe. And it being now become quite darke I tourned up and downe in -the towne till I gott out of the peoples sight, makeing towards the -other passages which were a musket shott without the towne, theire to -try whether I could make some shift to steale by the guards (for I had -beene formerly a little aquainted with the place as I travailed through -it foure moneths before that tyme); but coming to the passage I found it -altogether impossible to gett by, the place being so narrow and the -guards so carefull, and while I was walking under the hills not farre -from that passage their came two men with fowling peeces on their -shouldiers from the guard upon me before I was awar of it, intending to -goe home to supper and leave me to my selfe assuring themselves that I -could not escape any whether. Then I went from one place to another -making severall endevours to get through, but I wearyed myselfe in -vaine, till about eleven of the clock at night I tooke a resolution to -try whether I could try the hills (though they were such as that I -beleeive no body since the creation had made use of that way before me). -Yet the Lord (to disapoint my enimies in their devices) carried me over -the same, after I had beene climbing from one hill to another some three -houres, and the hilt of my sword and my knife were the cheife meanes to -get over these steep places, I could take no hold with them in the -rubbish that lay upon the rocks while I crept upon my hands and knees -upwards. - -The Lord having thus wonderfully delivered me even out of the trap, -after I had overcome the hills I lodged myselfe in a wood hard by. For -those hills had so exhausted me of all my strength that I was not able -to march any whether that night, but I continued their that night and -the next day. The night after I marched againe till I came in the -morning before another market towne, where once I had marched through in -the midst of the night being the third night after I came from Roan, but -I was now come hither againe accidentally by a mistake caused by the -cloudy weather (for having beene neer halfe the way to Caen, till I came -to see the impossibillity of getting through, espetially my feet being -spoiled by the frost, I was now upon my back way to Roan to seek some -English ship for my last refuge); and finding the conveniency of a small -wood neare to the said towne to conceale myselfe theirin all the day -following I remained their with an intention to goe, like as I did two -dayes before, in the duske of the evening into the said towne to buy -some bread before any body would take notice of me, not fearing in the -meane while any would be privy to my being their now. - -Whether the two men that met me in the morning before day at the -townes-end, or whether a boy that saw me by chance in the wood at noon -had betrayed me I know not, but all the towne knew that I was in the -wood, setting watchmen on the top of the hill, where they knew that I -must needs come forth whensoever I left the wood unlesse I would goe -through the towne (which they did not expect), while they sent for halfe -a dozen of the Duke de Longevilles guard (which when I saw goe all in -the Duke's livery having white crosses on their backs) on purpose to -apprehend me in the wood, which might easily be affected, the wood being -little and not very thick, runing up from the valley hard by the end of -the towne to the top of the hill. Now before the guard came it was about -sun-set, theirfore not to loose any more tyme many of the townes people -great and small went with them to the top of the hill, their to begin to -search for me and so continue downwards, for on the top of the hill were -the thickest bushes, and their also was I discovered at noon by the boy; -but being then frighted with the boy I was before evening crept downe -into the valley under the banck side by the high way, and their I lay -till I heard and saw the multitude with the guard to passe by me, then -tarrying till they were all got to the top of the hill, and seing no -body to hinder me from coming into the towne, I rose and went into the -towne, buying some bread while no body was their to opose me, though all -those that saw me cryed out upon me, saying 'this is the theife they -seeke,' calling for those that were appointed to take me, and sending -after them to the top of the hill, which required above a quarter of an -houre to get up. Yet because others had undertaken the charge to -apprehend me, no body would make it his proper duty to lay hands on me, -especially seing me armed with a sword and pistoll. Being thus -fournished with bread I went out againe as free as I came in, getting -out of the other end of the towne, and having the aproaching night to -friend me I stole away under the hedges before any of the said guard or -catchpools could retourne from the hill and be ready to follow me. - -After this wonderfull deliverance and releife I marched the same and the -next night till I came before Roan againe. And being within an English -mile of the towne I searched for a place to hide myselfe among the -bushes all the day longe till in the evening I might gett over the -river, and goe into the towne, their to putt into practice my intentions -before mentioned; but as I was thus busie their came by unawarrs two -travillers goeing into the Citty a little before daybreake, these -hearing a noyse among the oake bushes fell a running and cryed 'a -theife,' 'a theife in the bushes,' all the way alonge. This accident -struck me againe with such new frights that I durst not goe to the Citty -the next evening, according to my former intentions, for feare their -should be waite laid for me at my enterance into the Citty. So I -deferred my enterance for three dayes longer, although I were sure to -fast all the tyme, for my bread that I lately bought before I came so -farr was neare spent. For the said reason I lay their from Saturday -morning till Munday night[30], and then I went in the name of the Lord -into the towne, yet leaving my sword and cloake behinde me in the wood -least they should betray me at the water side. - -After I gott into the Citty my first care was to refresh my selfe with -meate and drinke, and then I sought for a ship. The God of all comfort -and Father of all mercyes, intending now to put a period to my longe -continued afflictions, was pleased to prosper my endeavours, and to -direct me to a man that was both faithfull and willing to take care for -my security, granting me the use of his ship for my transportation for -the summe of fifty pounds sterling. Being got on ship board and come -againe into warme lodgeing my feet began to be altogether uselesse to -me, and full of raging paine, my frozen toes began now to rott, and were -in great danger of loosing altogether, for I had hitherto no tyme for -convenience to aply any thing to them, nor could I by what meanes soever -recover the flesh that was cutt of the bones till the begining of May -following. Because of the contrariety of windes and other impedements we -were faine to lye in the River of Sceine till the 21^{th} of March, then -we set saile and came into the Downes on the 23^{d} of the same, the -same day after I came to London againe. - -Now the Lord had tourned my mourning into joy and gladnesse againe, in -granting me the sight of that day wherof I had many hundred tymes -dispaired of before. Great and unspeakable have beene the sufferings of -my body, but farr greater and even beyond all expression have beene the -sufferings of my minde. Had I had a thousand worlds in my possession I -would freely have given them all for my liberty, and made choyce besides -to live in the condition of the meanest beggar all the dayes of my life, -if I might have beene freed from those horrid feares which at severall -tymes suppressed my spirit with such a weight as if heaven and earth -had laid upon my shouldiers. My burthen was so much the heavier the -lesse hopes that I had ever to be eased of it, when I tasted and felt in -the highest degree all the greife and anguish that poverty, nakednesse, -hunger, frost, and the most tiranicall persecution that cruell enimyes -could ever inflict upon any mortall body. I could looke for ease no -where but from death it selfe, who would have beene my most welcome -friend, so it had not beene accompanied with so cruell and exquesite -torments as my enimyes threatened me withall. - -But blessed and for ever blessed be the Lord, who doth great and -marvillous things without number; who disappointeth the devices of the -crafty, so that their hands cannot performe their enterprize; who -delivereth the poore from him that is too stronge for him; he woundeth -and he healeth again; he bringeth downe to the grave and raiseth up -againe; he hath not suffered my foes to rejoyce over me, nor given me as -a prey to their teeth; he hath beene my sanctuary, my refuge, and my -stronge tower from the enimye; he hath saved me from the reproach of -those that would have swallowed me up; he hath revived me in the midst -of my troubles; he hath delivered my soule from death, myne eyes from -teares, my feet from falling; he hath not dispised the affliction of -the afflicted, neither hath he hidden his face from me, but when I cryed -unto him he heard me; he hath given me my harts desire, and added a -length to my dayes. To him only belongeth all praise and thanksgiving -for evermore. Amen. - - - - -NOTES - - -=P. 5=, l. 20. Blaye is on the east side of the estuary of the Gironde. It -had in 1876, according to Reclus, a population of 4,500 souls. - -=P. 15=, l. 9. 'Graffe,' i.e. a ditch or moat. Richard Symonds describes -Borstall house as defended by 'a pallazado without the graffe; a deepe -graffe and wide, full of water.' _Diary_, p. 231. - -=P. 17=, l. 4. Pullitor, apparently the same place as Pulliac mentioned on -p. 40, i.e. Pauillac or Pauilhac, a 'chef-lieu de canton' in the -department of the Gironde, on the west side of the estuary nearer the -mouth than Blaye. It contained in 1876 a population of 4,150. - -=P. 31=, l. 20. 'mandring,' i.e. maundering. Nares in his glossary defines -maunder as meaning to mutter or grumble. - -=P. 53=, l. 21. 'pootered beef,' i.e. salt or spiced beef, usually termed -'powdered beef.' - -=P. 54=, l. 19. 'The Spanish fleet.' A Spanish fleet entered the mouth of -the Gironde some weeks after the surrender of Bordeaux, and made several -futile attempts to sail up to that city. It left the river about the end -of October, 1653, having accomplished nothing. In Israell Bernhard's -(or rather Hane's) letter to Thurloe from Rochelle, dated November 15, -1653, he writes: 'The river of Bourdeaux is wholly cleered of the -Spanish fleet, as I did relate unto you in my last, dated the 8 of this -month; only we live in jealousies and feares lest they should return -again, to the great hindrance of all trading from these parts.' -_Thurloe_, i. 578; Chéruel, _Ministère de Mazarin_, ii. 85. - -=P. 67=, l. 13. 'fistling,' possibly whistling. - -_P. 70_, l. 22. 'luggish.' This word is explained in Halliwell's -glossary as an adjective meaning dull or heavy. The sense here seems to -require 'luggishness,' i.e. sluggishness or heaviness. 'Lugge,' meaning -slug or sluggard, is applied by Ascham in his _Toxophilus_ to a bow -which is 'slow of cast.' - -=P. 74=, l. 18. 'burick,' compare p. 78, l. 1, 'beverick.' The word -usually employed to describe this liquor is 'beverage,' which is defined -in the _New English Dictionary_ as: 'The liquor made by pouring water -over the pressed grapes after the wine has been drawn off.' - -=P. 79=, l. 19. 'strick.' This word probably means a flat piece of board. -Nares in his glossary (ed. Halliwell and Wright) explains 'strickle' as -meaning an instrument for levelling corn, &c. in the measuring, and -gives the following examples: - - 'The _strickler_ is a thing that goes along with the measure, which - is a straight board with a staffe fixed in the side, to draw over - corn in measuring, that it exceed not the height of the - measure.'--_Randle Holme's Acad. of Armory_, p. 337. - - 'A _stritchill_: a _stricke_: a long and round peece of wood like a - rolling pinne (with us it is flat), wherewith measures are made - even.'--_Nomenclator._ - -At a pinch such a bit of wood might serve as a paddle. - -=P. 79=, l. 22. 'Chartrux.' The Quai des Chartrons? - -=P. 81=, l. 19. 'progenety,' i.e. progenetrix. - -=P. 91=, l. 18. 'bouried.' The reading of the MS. is 'bourned,' but the -sense seemed to require the alteration made in the text. - -=P. 92=, l. 5. 'Bullie,' probably Bully, a village in the department of -Calvados, about eight or ten miles south of Caen. - -=P. 98=, l. 13. The MS. reads: 'came into the Downes the 23d of the same, -the same day after I came to London againe.' - - * * * * * - -The punctuation of the manuscript has been altered wherever the sense -seemed to require it, and missing words occasionally supplied by the -editor. - -THE END. - -Oxford - -HORACE HART, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY - -FOOTNOTES: - - [1] _Cal. State Papers Dom._ 1649-50, pp. 418, 541. - - [2] _Scotland and the Commonwealth_, pp. 2, 11, 28, 154, 157, 161. - - [3] Guizot, _Cromwell and the English Commonwealth_, i. 267. - - [4] _Report on the Duke of Portland's MSS._, i. 641. - - [5] Guizot, _Cromwell and the English Commonwealth_, i. 212, 237. - - [6] Barrière to Condé, July 4, 1653. - - [7] _Thurloe Papers_, i. 320. - - [8] _Cal. State Papers Dom._ 1654, p. 160. - - [9] Chéruel, _La France sous le ministère de Mazarin_, i. 56; Cousin, - _Madame de Longueville pendant la Fronde_, p. 464. - - [10] _King Charles his Case_, 1649. - - [11] _Thurloe_, ii. 657. - - [12] Barrière to Condé, Feb. 20, 1654. - - [13] Chéruel, _Histoire de France sous le Ministère de Mazarin_, ii. - 381; Guizot, _Cromwell and the English Commonwealth_, ii. 427, 460, - 470, 496. - - [14] Burnet, _Own Time_, i. 120, 133, ed. 1833. - - [15] The date of Stouppe's mission is not easy to fix. M. Chéruel - first puts it in 1651, but on second thoughts assigns it to 1653 - (_Ministère de Mazarin_, i. 63, ii. 81). A letter from Barrière, dated - Feb. 20, 1654, seems to refer to the sending of Stouppe, and he was - certainly at Paris early in that year. - - [16] Barrière to Condé, Dec. 25, 1654. - - [17] _Nicholas Papers_, ii. 14. - - [18] _The Interest of Princes and States_, 1680, p. 319. - - [19] Ludlow, _Memoirs_, i. 415, ed. 1894. - - [20] _Thurloe Papers_, i. 553, 578. - - [21] On these events see Chéruel, _Ministère de Mazarin_, i. 44-7. The - royalist sentiment in the letter is assumed. - - [22] For these extracts I am indebted to the kindness of Dr. S. R. - Gardiner, who has allowed me to use the transcripts of Barrière's - correspondence with Condé, placed at his disposal by the Duc d'Aumale. - The originals of the letters are preserved at Chantilly, and the - copies quoted were made by M. Gustave Macon, the librarian and - archivist of the Duc d'Aumale. - - [23] _Cal. State Papers Dom._ 1654, p. 160. - - [24] _Commons Journals_, vii. 343; _Cal. State Papers Dom._ 1653-4, - p. 23. In the index to the Calendar Hane is confused with Col. James - Heane, governor of Weymouth. - - [25] _Commons Journals_, vii. 524; Burton's _Parliamentary Diary_, ii. - 61; _Cal. State Papers Dom._ 1654, pp. 220, 269. - - [26] _Thurloe_, vi. 525, 537, 547; vii. 306, 319, 328. - - [27] November 28. - - [28] Jan. 17. - - [29] Jan. 30. - - [30] Feb. 17. - - - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's The Journal of Joachim Hane, by Joachim Hane - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE JOURNAL OF JOACHIM HANE *** - -***** This file should be named 50158-8.txt or 50158-8.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/0/1/5/50158/ - -Produced by Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images available at The Internet Archive) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: The Journal of Joachim Hane - containing his escapes and sufferings during his employment - by Oliver Cromwell in France from November 1653 to February - 1654 - -Author: Joachim Hane - -Editor: Charles Harding Firth - -Release Date: October 8, 2015 [EBook #50158] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE JOURNAL OF JOACHIM HANE *** - - - - -Produced by Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images available at The Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/cover.jpg" width="320" height="500" alt="cover" title="" /> -</p> - -<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="" -style="border: 2px black solid;margin:auto auto;max-width:50%; -padding:1%;"> -<tr><td><p class="c">Archaic and variations in spelling have not been modified.</p> - -<p class="c">(etext transcriber's note)</p></td></tr> -</table> - -<h1> -<i>THE<br /> -JOURNAL OF JOACHIM HANE</i></h1> - -<p class="cb"> -<i>CONTAINING HIS ESCAPES AND SUFFERINGS<br /> -DURING HIS EMPLOYMENT BY OLIVER<br /> -CROMWELL IN FRANCE FROM<br /> -NOVEMBER 1653 TO<br /> -FEBRUARY 1654</i><br /> -<br /> -<i>EDITED FROM THE MANUSCRIPT IN<br /> -THE LIBRARY OF WORCESTER COLLEGE, OXFORD</i><br /> -<br /> -<i><span class="smcap">By</span> C. H. FIRTH, M.A.</i><br /> -<br /> -<i>OXFORD</i><br /> -<i>B. H. BLACKWELL, 50 & 51 BROAD STREET</i><br /> -<br /> -<i>LONDON</i><br /> -<i>T. FISHER UNWIN, PATERNOSTER SQUARE</i><br /> -<br /> -<i>M DCCC XCVI</i><br /> -<br /> -<small>OXFORD: HORACE HART<br /> - -PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY</small> -</p> - -<h2><a name="INTRODUCTION" id="INTRODUCTION"></a>INTRODUCTION</h2> - -<p><span class="smcap">Joachim Hane</span>, the author of the following journal and the hero of the -adventures recorded in it, was a German engineer in the service of the -Commonwealth. During the Civil War there were many foreign soldiers in -the armies both of the King and the Parliament. Readers of Carlyle's -<i>Cromwell</i> will remember 'Dutch Dalbier,' from whom, according to -Carlyle, 'Cromwell first of all learned the mechanical part of -soldiering'—a soldier who first served the Parliament but met his death -at St. Neots in 1648 while heading a royalist rising against it. Another -Dutchman in the Parliament's service was Vandruske, who like Dalbier -went over to the royalist cause, and ended by seeking his fortune in the -service of the Czar. A third of these foreign adventurers was Sir -Bernard Gascoyne, or Bernardino Guasconi, a Florentine, condemned to -death with Lucas and Lisle at Colchester, but spared to be rewarded by -Charles II and to be employed by him as English envoy at Vienna. There -were many others of less note in the two armies, but it was not merely -as fighting men that the services of foreign soldiers were desired and -valued. What made officers bred abroad necessary to both parties was -their knowledge of the scientific side of warfare, a subject of which -home-made royalist and parliamentary colonels knew little or nothing. -Each party found these scientifically trained soldiers indispensable as -engineers and commanders of artillery. When the king first established -his headquarters at Oxford, and proceeded to fortify the town, he -appears to have had no qualified engineer in his army. According to Wood -the first fortifications about the city 'were mostly contrived by one -Richard Rallingson, Bachelor of Arts of Queen's College,' who was -rewarded by Charles with promotion to the rank of M.A. Such amateur -engineers might be employed at a pinch, but the chief engineer in the -service of Charles I was Sir Bernard de Gomme, another Dutchman, whose -career is excellently sketched by Mr. Gordon Goodwin in the <i>Dictionary -of National Biography</i>. The plans of the castle at Liverpool and the -citadel he designed for Dublin, with his diagrams of the battles of -Newbury and Marston Moor, are now in the British Museum.</p> - -<p>Dutch and German engineers also abounded on the parliamentary side. One -of the best known is Lieutenant-Colonel John Rosworm, who fortified -Manchester for the Parliament, helped to capture Liverpool Castle, and -wrote a narrative called <i>Good Service hitherto ill-rewarded</i>, setting -forth his difficulties in obtaining his pay. In Essex's army Philibert -Emmanuel du Boys held the post of Lieutenant-General of the Ordnance, -whilst in the New Model Peter Manteau Van Dalem was Engineer-General. -The names of Cornelius and Chrystoph Van Bemmell appear in the -Parliamentary Army Lists in 1648, and in 1649 Joachim Hane begins to be -mentioned.</p> - -<p>Fortunately, the English portion of Hane's career can be traced with -tolerable fullness. He was born at Frankfort on the Oder, and was -therefore by birth a subject of the Elector of Brandenburg. In his army, -or in some other foreign army, Hane obtained his military education. -Probably he was one of the many soldiers cast adrift by the disbanding -which followed the peace of Westphalia, and obliged thereby to seek -employment outside Germany. He appeared in England first in 1649, and -was employed by the Council of State to report on the fortifications of -Weymouth with a view to the building of a citadel there. He was also -sent to Yarmouth to consult with the governor and the officers of the -garrison on the erection of a fort<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a>. In the following year Hane seems -to have accompanied Cromwell in his expedition to Scotland, and he -remained in Scotland with Monk when Cromwell marched into England. The -surrender of Stirling Castle to Monk was mainly due to Hane's skill as -an artilleryman. On August 13, says the diary of the siege, 'the -morter-pieces were planted, and Mr. Hane, the engineer, plaid with one -of the morter-pieces twice. The second shot fell into the middle of the -Castle, and did much execution. Afterwards he played with the other -great morter-piece and did execution.' On the 14th the garrison, who -were not accustomed to shells, mutinied and forced the governor to -surrender. Again, a fortnight later, at the siege of Dundee, the same -narrative records that 'Mr. Hane, the engineer, plaid the morter-piece.' -December following Hane was sent to Inverness to report on its -possibilities as a fortress, and returned with the news that it was 'not -fortifiable without a great deal of charges, nor tenable without a -greater number of men than the town can possibly provide accomodation -for.' The result was that instead of fortifying the town itself a fort -large enough to hold 2000 men was built close by it. In 1653 Hane was -again in England, though Colonel Lilburne, the Commander-in-Chief in -Scotland, was writing letter after letter to the Lord-General to demand -his return. Many officers, complained Lilburne, have been absent a long -time from their charges: 'and in particular Mr. Hane, the Engineer, of -whom wee have an exceeding great want, and I doe wonder hee should -neglect this duty soe much as hee does, his absence being the losse of -some hundreds to the State, and if wee should have any occasion to make -use of a morter-piece without Mr. Hane, there is noebody to undertake -that businesse that is fitt for itt<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a>.'</p> - -<p>But the Lord-General turned a deaf ear to Lilburne's appeals. He had -chosen Hane for a business of much more difficulty than planning forts, -and of much greater danger than playing a mortar-piece. He was kept from -his professional duties in Scotland to play a part in one of the -obscurest and least known episodes of Cromwell's foreign policy. On -October 11, 1653, Hane set sail for France on his mysterious mission, -and spent the next five months in struggling with the dangers and -privations related in this journal.</p> - -<p>At that time the relations of France with England were still strained -and unfriendly. It was still uncertain whether England would ally itself -with Spain against France, or with France against Spain. Charles II was -a pensioner at the French Court. In 1649 Louis XIV had prohibited the -introduction into France of all woollen stuffs or silks manufactured in -England, and the Republic had replied by forbidding the introduction -into England of wines, woollen stuffs, and silks from France. French -corsairs had made prey of English merchantmen, and English ships armed -with letters of reprisal had retaliated on French commerce. At the close -of 1651 war with France seemed much more probable than war with Holland. -The Dutch war had aggravated the situation still further by leading to -the confiscation of many French ships on the ground that they carried -Dutch goods or contraband of war. In September, 1652, Blake captured a -small French fleet sent to relieve and provision the garrison of -Dunkirk, and that place in consequence fell into the hands of the -Spaniards. At last, in December, 1652, Louis XIV, driven by necessity, -recognized the English republic and sent M. de Bordeaux to negotiate -with its rulers.</p> - -<p>But in spite of this recognition the possibility of English intervention -in the civil struggles in France was not ended. In September, 1651, the -third war of the Fronde—the 'Fronde Espagnole'—began. Condé raised the -standard of revolt in Guienne, and Bordeaux became the headquarters of -the rebellion.</p> - -<p>Not until August, 1653, was the royal authority re-established at -Bordeaux. The rebellion was prolonged by Spanish help and by the hope of -aid from England. Both Condé and the city of Bordeaux sent agents to -London to solicit English intervention, and from time to time both -Cromwell and the Council of State seemed inclined to accede to their -requests. Condé's agents offered free trade with Guienne, certain -favours towards the French Protestants, and even the cession of the -island of Oléron. The City of Bordeaux instructed its agents 'to demand -of the Commonwealth of England, as of a just and powerful State, -assistance in men, money, and ships to support the city and commons of -Bordeaux, now united with our lords the Princes; and not only to shelter -them from the oppression and cruel vengeance which is in store for -them, but also to effect their restoration to their ancient privileges, -and to enable them to breathe a freer air than they have hitherto done. -And as the said lords of the Parliament of the Commonwealth of England -will probably demand of them reciprocal advantages, they will let them -first explain their pretensions, and afterwards, if necessary, they may -grant them a port in the river of Bordeaux, where their vessels may find -retirement and safety, such as Castillon, Royan, Talmont or Pauillac, or -that of Arcachon if they wish, which they may fortify at their own -expense. We may even permit them to besiege and capture Blaye, in which -our troops will help them as much as possible. They may also make a -descent upon La Rochelle and capture it if they please<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a>.' Besides -appealing to the desire of the English Government for commercial -advantages and territorial gains, Condé's emissary appealed to the -desire which some of the statesmen of the Republic cherished to see free -institutions established amongst their neighbours. 'What a great honour -will it be for the Commonwealth of England,' said M. de Barrière, 'after -it hath so happily and so gloriously established the precious liberty at -home to send their helping hands unto their craving neighbours for the -same, whose obligation for that shall be eternal and the acknowledgement -of it real and perfect<a name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a>.'</p> - -<p>There was a wide belief that the foreign policy of the English Republic -was influenced by a general hostility to monarchy and a general desire -to propagate republican institutions in Europe, which found expression -in rumours of the sayings and the intentions of the heads of the -Commonwealth. The English royalists talked of a design for the ruin of -the kings and sovereigns of the earth, of which Cromwell was the author, -and predicted that he would begin with France. When he returned from -Ireland there was a rumour that he and his army would effect a landing -in France. One report which Croullé, Mazarin's agent in London, sent to -the Cardinal, represented Cromwell as saying that if he were ten years -younger, there was not a king in Europe whom he would not make to -tremble, and that as he had a better motive than the late king of -Sweden, he believed himself still capable of doing more for the good of -nations than the other ever did for his own ambition<a name="FNanchor_5_5" id="FNanchor_5_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a>.' Marvell's -verses to Cromwell on his return from Ireland prophesied similar -exploits—</p> - -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">'As Caesar, he, ere long, to Gaul,<br /></span> -<span class="i1">To Italy an Hannibal,<br /></span> -<span class="i2">And to all states not free<br /></span> -<span class="i3">Shall climacteric be.'<br /></span> -</div></div> -</div> - -<p>But Cromwell had been obliged to turn his arms against Scotland instead -of against France, and hardly was the Scottish war over, when all the -resources of the Commonwealth were strained to the utmost by the war -with Holland. In July, 1653, negotiations had begun, and the war seemed -nearing its close, but at the same time Bordeaux was nearing its fall. -Barrière, Condé's agent, wrote to the prince that the Republic would -come to no resolution till it saw how the treaty with the Dutch -ended<a name="FNanchor_6_6" id="FNanchor_6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a>. It was still believed that as soon as Cromwell's hands were -free he would intervene in France. 'Our General,' said a letter from -England, 'conceives it not good for his army to be longer idle, and -therefore hath told some of his myrmidons that if he could be assured -the prince of Condé would aim at liberty really, as he calls it, he -would within this month land his army in France<a name="FNanchor_7_7" id="FNanchor_7_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a>.' In October, 1653, -when Joachim Hane sailed for France, the negotiations between England -and Holland had not yet been brought to a successful conclusion. The -position of affairs had been altered by the subjugation of Guienne and -the surrender of Bordeaux, but Condé had not made his peace with Louis -XIV, and a revival of the revolt in Southern France was still a -possibility.</p> - -<p>Before Hane the English Government had sent similar emissaries to -France, with the double object of finding out the real strength of the -opposition and entering into communication with the disaffected. Thomas -Scot, who had the management of the foreign intelligence during the -Republic as Thurloe had during the Protectorate, drew up at the -restoration a short account of his proceedings for the information of -the Government of Charles II.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"><p>'I sent one Lewis de Bourgoyne (reteined by me as a domesticke to -have helped me for the French tongue) into France, to view and -returne mee the strength of all the ports usward. Hee began at -Callis and went through all the Wash (?) to Bourdeaux, and there -staid some time to dispose that people who then favoured the Prince -of Condé's interest in contradistinction to the crowne of France, -and likeliest to have given a footing to the English had there been -occasion ministered of attempting them by land. Wee had some -correspondence with the Prince of Condé by credentialls to Monsieur -Barrière, and from Bourdeaux by some commissioners they sent over -express, who came but a few weekes before our interruption, 1653; -but that which to mee look'd most hopefull and important I was just -then beginning a correspondence with Cardinal de Retz, commonly -called the Coadjutor, Mazarine's rivall and antagonist, who -pretended to fancy and favour the Commonwealth of England, as so; -some lettres past, but not much donne beyond mutuall credence, and -that also perish'd after Bourgoine's returne from Bourdeaux. Coll. -Saxby (the old Agitator) was sent to Bourdeaux on the same errand -by Gen. Cromwell and myself upon joint advice with good summes of -money, but what harvest he made of his negociations Gen. Cromwell -or his ministers could only tell who overturn'd us and succeeded in -those concernments.'</p></div> - -<p>Of Bourgoyne, beyond this mention of Scot's, nothing is known, nor is -much to be gleaned from other sources concerning this correspondence -with de Retz. A passage in the Cardinal's memoirs states that 'Vainc, -grand parlementaire et tres confident de Cromwell,' came to see him with -a letter of credence from Cromwell, and told him that his defence of -liberty and his reputation had inspired Cromwell with the desire to form -a close friendship with him. This emissary has generally been -identified rightly or wrongly with Sir Henry Vane, but the -identification is at least doubtful. Nor is it easy to fix the date at -which this interview took place. It is placed in the narrative of the -events of 1650, but is said to have occurred soon after the return of -Charles II to Paris, that is about the end of October, 1651. Of Sexby's -mission more is known. For a delicate diplomatic mission he was a very -singular agent. A Suffolk man by birth, he had served four years as a -private in Cromwell's own troop of Ironsides and in Fairfax's regiment -of horse. He became notorious in 1647 as one of the leaders of the -Agitators and as the spokesman of the extreme democratic party amongst -the soldiers. He left the army for a time, but seems to have entered it -again in 1649 and obtained commissions as captain and governor of -Portland. Then he raised a regiment of foot and served for a short time -under Cromwell in Scotland with the rank of Colonel, but in June, 1651, -he was cashiered by a court-martial. The charge which lost him his -commission was that he had detained the pay of seven or eight of the -soldiers of his old company who refused to enter his new regiment; and -though it was urged that 'as to his own intentions he did it for the -public service,' it seemed a sufficient breach of the articles of war to -secure his condemnation. His offence could scarcely have been considered -as a mere act of embezzlement or he would not have been employed again. -In a petition which Sexby presented to the Council of State in 1654, he -gives a brief account of his mission. A secret committee of the Council -of State, consisting of Cromwell, Scot, and Whitelocke, sent him to -France in 1651. He was instructed 'to give an account of the state of -that country, and the affections of the people, in order to prevent -danger and to create an interest.' He took with him four gentlemen, was -to have a salary of £1000 a year for himself and them, and stayed in -France twenty-three months<a name="FNanchor_8_8" id="FNanchor_8_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a>.</p> - -<p>Of his doings in France the petition says nothing, but a curious -illustration of his zeal for democracy has survived amongst the papers -of Mazarin and Condé—a draft of a republican constitution drawn up in -the name of the Princes of Condé and Conti and the City of Bordeaux<a name="FNanchor_9_9" id="FNanchor_9_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_9_9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a>. -On examination it proves to be a French translation of the <i>Agreement</i> -<i>of the People</i> which Lilburne and the leaders of the English Levellers -had published in May, 1649. It bears the title of <i>L'Accord du Peuple</i>, -and the difference between it and its English original consists in the -introductory engagement of the subscribers not to lay down their arms -till they have obtained the liberties it defines and in the list of -grievances to be redressed. It was intended to serve as a manifesto for -the republicans of Bordeaux and Guienne, but a constitution too advanced -for England had no prospect of acceptance in France. Lenet, Condé's -confidential agent, endorsed it 'Memoires données a son Altesse de Conti -par les sieurs Saxebri et Arrondel que je n'approuve pas.' 'Saxebri,' or -'Saxebery,' evidently denotes Sexby, and 'Arrondel' is one of his -companions.</p> - -<p>The two were back in England, as Barrière's letters prove, in the autumn -of 1653. Arrondel's return is mentioned in a letter of October 24, and -Saxebri's in one dated December 12. Both had doubtless returned before -Hane set out.</p> - -<p>It was now Cromwell's turn to send confidential agents to inquire into -the state of France. Unlike Scot and the republican fanatics, it is -evident that he cared little for the propagation of republican -principles. What he cared about was the condition of the French -Protestants and the propagation of the Protestant religion.</p> - -<p>To Cromwell, as to most of his party, one of the worst sins of Charles I -was that he had induced the Huguenots to revolt against Louis XIII, and -then left them to be crushed by his forces. Englishmen abroad were -accustomed to be taunted with their desertion of their co-religionists. -'I have heard,' wrote John Cook, 'fearful exclamations from the French -Protestants against the King and the late Duke of Buckingham for the -betraying of Rochelle; and some of the ministers told me ten years ago -that God would be revenged of the wicked King of England for betraying -Rochelle<a name="FNanchor_10_10" id="FNanchor_10_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_10_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a>.' One of the arguments which agents of the Huguenots of -Guienne used when they appealed to Cromwell was 'that the churches of -these parts have endured a very great brunt by the deceitful promises -which have been made to them by the former supreme powers of Great -Britain<a name="FNanchor_11_11" id="FNanchor_11_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_11_11" class="fnanchor">[11]</a>.' To this argument Cromwell was particularly accessible. He -said that England had ruined the Protestant party in France and that -England must restore it again<a name="FNanchor_12_12" id="FNanchor_12_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_12_12" class="fnanchor">[12]</a>. In the twenty-second article of the -draft-treaty which he proposed to Mazarin in July, 1654, he demanded the -right of superintending the execution of the edicts in favour of the -French Protestants and seeing that they were scrupulously observed—a -demand which naturally met with a refusal from Mazarin<a name="FNanchor_13_13" id="FNanchor_13_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_13_13" class="fnanchor">[13]</a>. To obtain -information of the condition of the French Protestants and of their -political attitude Cromwell despatched to France about the close of -1653, or early in 1654, a Swiss who is often mentioned by Burnet, -namely, Jean Baptiste Stouppe. Burnet describes him as 'a Grison by -birth, then minister of the French church in the Savoy, and afterwards a -brigadier-general in the French armies: a man of intrigue but of no -virtue.' Condé, continues Burnet, had sent over 'to offer Cromwell to -turn Protestant: and if he would give him a fleet with good troops he -would make a descent on Guienne, where he did not doubt he should be -assisted by the Protestants; and that he should so distress France, as -to obtain such conditions for them and for England as Cromwell himself -should dictate. Upon this offer Cromwell sent Stouppe round all France, -to talk with their most eminent men, to see into their strength, into -their present disposition, the oppressions they lay under, and their -inclinations to trust the Prince of Condé. He went from Paris down the -Loire, then to Bordeaux, from thence to Montauban, and cross the south -of France to Lyons: he was instructed to talk to them only as a -traveller, and to assure them of Cromwell's zeal and care for them, -which he magnified everywhere. The Protestants were then very much at -their ease: for Mazarin, who thought of nothing but to enrich his -family, took care to maintain the edicts better than they had been in -any time formerly. So Stouppe returned and gave Cromwell an account of -the ease they were in, and of their resolution to be quiet. They had a -very bad opinion of the Prince of Condé, as a man who sought nothing but -his own greatness, to which they believed he was ready to sacrifice all -his friends and every cause that he espoused. This settled Cromwell in -that particular. He also found that the Cardinal had such spies on that -prince, that he knew every message that had passed between them: -therefore he would have no further correspondence with him: he said upon -that to Stouppe <i>stultus est, et garrulus, et venditur a suis -cardinali</i><a name="FNanchor_14_14" id="FNanchor_14_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_14_14" class="fnanchor">[14]</a>.'</p> - -<p>Burnet's account of Stouppe's mission seems tolerably accurate<a name="FNanchor_15_15" id="FNanchor_15_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_15_15" class="fnanchor">[15]</a>. The -attitude of the French Protestants was such as he describes it to have -been. The want of secrecy with which Condé's intrigues were conducted -was a real obstacle to the negotiations. In his letters to Condé, -Barrière himself says as much, and in one dated Aug. 14, 1654, he -relates that Cromwell had complained to the Spanish Ambassador that -Bordeaux was well acquainted with all his negotiations with Condé's -agents.</p> - -<p>But the story that Condé offered to become a Protestant can scarcely be -true. It was rather Cromwell who suggested that he should convert -himself to Protestantism as a step to the political headship of the -Huguenots. In a conversation on the affairs of the Protestants in France -the Protector, according to Barrière's report, had said: 'A! s'il y -avoit moyen que M. le Prince se fist de nostre religion, ce seroit le -plus grand bien qui peust jamais arriver a nos eglises, car pour moy je -le tiens le plus grand homme et le plus grand capitaine non seulement -de nostre siecle, mais qui aye esté depuis longtemps: et il est -malheureux d'estre enguagé avecque des gens qui ont si peu de soin de -luy tenir les choses qu'ils luy ont promis<a name="FNanchor_16_16" id="FNanchor_16_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_16_16" class="fnanchor">[16]</a>.' Some eighteen months -earlier Condé was reported to have spoken in somewhat similar terms of -Cromwell, drinking his health openly at Antwerp, 'as the wisest, ablest -and greatest commander in Europe<a name="FNanchor_17_17" id="FNanchor_17_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_17_17" class="fnanchor">[17]</a>.' But it may well be that the -reports of the views of the French Protestants which Stouppe brought -back from France changed Cromwell's views, and that a more intimate -knowledge of French politics altered his estimate of the prince's -capacity.</p> - -<p>The history of Joachim Hane's mission is still more obscure than that of -Sexby or Stouppe. One of its objects probably was to communicate with -the French Protestants. Slingsby Bethell, the only contemporary who -mentions it, in a discussion on the policy of the Long Parliament -towards foreign Protestants says that they treated with the deputies of -Bordeaux on a plan for the ruin of popery and the advancement of the -Protestant religion. But Cromwell, 'usurping the government did not -only overthrow the design, but probably betrayed it to the French King -with the lives of some engaged in the business; for Mr. Joachim Haines -(by birth a German) general engineer to the army, and one of his own -emissaries employed in that affair, who after Cromwell and Mazarin were -agreed was pursued through France, and escaped miraculously, did believe -he was discovered by Oliver, his errand being known only to himself and -his confident<a name="FNanchor_18_18" id="FNanchor_18_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_18_18" class="fnanchor">[18]</a>.' Bethell's accusation against Cromwell deserves no -credit. There is no trace of this belief in Hane's narrative, or in -Hane's later conduct. Oliver and Mazarin did not agree till eighteen -months after Hane's return from France. It is simply an example of the -vague slanders which the extreme republicans circulated against the -ruler they regarded as an apostate. Ludlow tells a similar story about -Cromwell betraying Sexby to the French, probably confusing Hane and -Sexby, and echoing Bethell's charge<a name="FNanchor_19_19" id="FNanchor_19_19"></a><a href="#Footnote_19_19" class="fnanchor">[19]</a>.</p> - -<p>Hane himself says nothing of the nature of his mission in his narrative. -When he was examined he stoutly denied that he was anything more than a -gentleman travelling for his pleasure; but as he justly observes 'to -speak the truth in all things did not consist with my safety at that -time' (p. 9). Amongst Thurloe's correspondence there are two letters -which may have been written by Hane<a name="FNanchor_20_20" id="FNanchor_20_20"></a><a href="#Footnote_20_20" class="fnanchor">[20]</a>. Both are signed Israell -Bernhard; one is dated Paris, October 25, 1653, the other Rochelle, -November 15. Hane was at those places on the dates mentioned, and the -second letter contains a still more remarkable parallel. The writer -says, 'I intend to go two days hence to Bordeaux,' that is presumably on -November 17. Now Hane's narrative states that he went from Rochelle to -Bordeaux on November 18. It is very improbable that Thurloe had two -correspondents in France whose movements tallied so exactly with those -of Hane. In each letter the writer assumes the character of a merchant, -and begins by giving various details about the state of trade. The first -ends with a rather enigmatical reference to the proposed purchase of a -house. 'I long to heare whether your neighbour Mr. Smith still hath a -mind to buy Mr. Rob. tenement, that layeth towards you from his other -house; if he intends to build such a house upon as he talketh, he had -need of 6 or 7000 pound to begin withall, and then he may have a -habitation to spend 2000 pound a yeare in it; but I am sure he will not -perfect the building in so short a time as he was speaking to us, for he -will have but a few materialls neere hand, and there is not so much as a -hedge about the garden, but he will be forced to make new hedges round -about. I would have him take good advise before he medle with the -bargaine.' In the letter from Rochelle he says, 'All things hereabouts -are pritty quiet; the prince's party being sufficiently silenced, so -that we hope they will not rise in hast again. We are perswaded, that -the government of our towne is in surer hands than it was three yeare -ago, when we were betrayed with a corrupted governor, who kept the two -towers next the haven for the prince de Condé, and did much annoyance to -the towne from off them; the which after they were reduced, one of them -was burned downe, and the other is now repairing againe, so that we hope -we shall feare no more such bustling as formerly we have had<a name="FNanchor_21_21" id="FNanchor_21_21"></a><a href="#Footnote_21_21" class="fnanchor">[21]</a>.' The -passage from the first letter probably refers to some French port, to -the state of its fortifications, and to the cost of repairing them, -while the second gives important facts as to the present state of the -fortifications of Rochelle. At the moment information on that subject -was of some importance to Cromwell. About October, 1651, there had -arrived in England a person named Conan, whose object was to negotiate -for a due pecuniary consideration to the persons concerned in the -reception of an English governor into that town. He is frequently -mentioned in Barrière's letters to Condé. In a letter dated October 24, -1653, Barrière relates an interview which he had with Cromwell the -previous day. He found him, he said, well disposed to assist the prince. -'Ce à quoy j'ay trouvé plus de disposition s'a esté à l'afaire de La -Rochelle; et pour sest effect il me demanda de luy faire voir Conan, qui -présentement est avecque luy. A son retour je vous manderay ce qu'il luy -aura dit, car en me séparant de luy, il me dit que quant il auroit veu -sest homme là, il me diret ce qu'il pourroit faire.' On a later page, -after mentioning Conan's intended departure for Spain, he adds: -'Monsieur de Conan vient tout présentement de parler à Cromwel, qui l'a -fort questionné sur les moyens de faire réussir l'affaire dont il est -question, et a tesmoigné désirer avec passion qu'elle se peut exécuter; -mais pourtant luy a dit qu'il ne ce pourroit enguager à rien jusques à -ce que l'on eust des nouvelles d'Espagne, et que lorsqu'il auret de -l'argent, on fourniroit toutes les choses necessaires, luy a recommendé -de revenir le plus tost qu'il pourret, et que peut estre a son retour -les afaires auroyent changé de face et, que, sela estant, luy, Cromwel, -et tout ce qui gouverne en Angleterre estoyent entièrement portés a sela -pour le soulagement du peuple et pour le service de Son Altesse.'</p> - -<p>A letter written on November 14 from Madrid by the Comte de Fiesque to -the Prince de Condé adds: 'La resolution est prise icy de ligue -offensive et deffensive entre l'Angleterre et l'Espagne, pour laquelle -il sera porté expressément qu'ils attaqueront ou la Guyenne, ou la -Normandie, ou qu'ils descendront a la Rochelle, selon ce qui sera jugé a -propos pour le bien du party, et cela dans le mois d'Avril -prochain<a name="FNanchor_22_22" id="FNanchor_22_22"></a><a href="#Footnote_22_22" class="fnanchor">[22]</a>.'</p> - -<p>The projected league between England and Spain came to nothing, but the -existence of these schemes at the time when Hane was sent to France and -the indications afforded by Hane's letters explain the objects of his -mission.</p> - -<p>A minister like Stouppe was an admirable choice when the main object was -to learn from Huguenot preachers and Huguenot politicians what their -views of the political situation were. If, however, Cromwell was to -intervene in France and send an army to Guienne, as he was asked to do, -he required also some trustworthy information about the Huguenot -strongholds and the coast seaports. The state of the defences of -Bordeaux and La Rochelle, and the comparative military value of the -different places which Condé's agents and the agents of Bordeaux offered -him, were questions on which the opinion of a skilled engineer would be -of the greatest value. It is probable that Hane's mission was more -military than political, and that he was rather a spy than a political -intriguer.</p> - -<p>Whether spy or political intriguer his peril was much the same. The -tortures with which the hangman of Bordeaux threatened him were employed -impartially to extract the truth from either. One of Sexby's four -companions had been arrested on suspicion in Languedoc. 'He was put in -prison,' says Sexby, 'and after racked to make him confess with whom he -had corrispondence, but God inabled him to keep secret what he knew, -though the torture and paine he suffered cost him his life<a name="FNanchor_23_23" id="FNanchor_23_23"></a><a href="#Footnote_23_23" class="fnanchor">[23]</a>.' It was -only by a miracle that Hane escaped a similar fate. The story of his -escapes and his wanderings is so vivid and picturesque that it seemed -worth rescuing from entire oblivion, even though it throws little light -on the dark places of Cromwell's foreign policy.</p> - -<p>Hane's services and sufferings were not unrewarded. Before he started -the Council of State had voted that £100 a year in Scottish lands should -be settled upon him 'to encourage him and his family to settle in this -nation.' On November 1, 1653, Mr. Moyer, on behalf of the Council, moved -Parliament to give effect to this recommendation. He reported 'that -there is one Major Hane, by birth a foreigner, who hath performed many -eminent services in the war of Scotland; hath very great skill in -fortifications and all matters relating to the profession of an -engineer, and is of very great use at this time in services of that -nature; that he is a person eminent for godliness, and of undoubted -affection to this commonwealth.' Parliament, however, in a fit of -economy, or because it knew nothing of the nature of Hane's services, -negatived the vote without a division<a name="FNanchor_24_24" id="FNanchor_24_24"></a><a href="#Footnote_24_24" class="fnanchor">[24]</a>. This was merely a -postponement of his reward. On June 26, 1654, Cromwell's Council of -State voted that an ordinance for naturalizing Hane should be prepared, -and agreed to another ordinance settling lands to the value of £120 a -year upon him. Eventually the naturalization ordinance was made to date -June 26, 1654, and that conferring the lands July 27 of the same year, -and both ordinances were confirmed by Cromwell's second Parliament on -April 28, 1657<a name="FNanchor_25_25" id="FNanchor_25_25"></a><a href="#Footnote_25_25" class="fnanchor">[25]</a>. Hane meantime had returned to his duties in -Scotland, where he no doubt superintended the erection of those forts at -Inverness, Leith, Ayr, and Inverlochy, which were built to bridle the -Scots. It is not improbable that the plans of those forts, which still -exist in Worcester College Library, were drawn by Hane's hand. William -Clarke, the owner of the plans in consequence of his position as -secretary to General Monk, was necessarily acquainted with Hane; and the -narrative of Hane's adventures in France was doubtless copied by Clarke -from Hane's original manuscript. The copy is dated as begun on October -14, 1657, which proves that Hane must have committed his story to -writing within a very short time after the events had occurred.</p> - -<p>In the summer of 1657 Hane was called to a new sphere of action. -Cromwell had allied himself with France, and 6,000 English soldiers had -been despatched to Flanders. In September Turenne and Sir John Reynolds -laid siege to Mardyke, for which purpose the Protector had promised to -provide artillery and mortar-pieces. Hane was sent for from Scotland to -take part in the siege. He had just obtained leave from Monk to go to -England, on account of the dangerous illness of his wife, and Monk's -messenger overtook him at Alnwick and brought him back to Scotland. -Before he could sail however Mardyke had fallen. On September 29, 1657, -Monk wrote to congratulate Thurloe on its capture, and in the same -letter announced Hane's departure: 'You may acquaint his Highness that -Mr. Hane sett sayle from hence on Saturday morning last the wind being -very fair. Hee had his tackling fixt, and everything ready to play his -morter-piece, as soone as a platforme should be layd for it; being hee -could not gett those materialls there, which hee carried with him, wee -thought fitt to provide him heere, and wee hope hee was there on Monday -last.' He was immediately sent back to England to report to the -Protector the state of his new acquisition. Lockhart wrote on October 3 -to Thurloe that in order that his Highness 'might want no informatione -that can be given him concerning that place, Mr. Hains, the ingeneer -(who hath visited the place and consithered all the defects of it), will -be with his Highnesse before these can come to your lordships hands.' -When Dunkirk fell Hane was again summoned to inspect and add to its -fortifications, but he was taken ill immediately after his arrival. On -August 11, 1658, Lockhart informed Thurloe of his death. 'Mr. Hains the -ingeneer is dead. I endeavoured all I could to cherish him, both before -and during his sicknesse; but the poor man was so desperately -mallancholly, as I could not perswade him it was possible for him to -live<a name="FNanchor_26_26" id="FNanchor_26_26"></a><a href="#Footnote_26_26" class="fnanchor">[26]</a>.' He had survived all his perils and borne them with a stout -heart, only to die a commonplace death and to have it attributed to lack -of resolution.<a name="page_1" id="page_1"></a></p> - -<h1> -<i>The<br /> -Journall of Mr. Joachim Hane<br /> -his Passages in France in<br /> -the yeare 1653.</i><br /> -</h1> - -<p>A <small>SHORT</small> Relacion of the severall wonderfull passages which I did meete -withall in my jorney into France.</p> - -<p> </p> - -<p>When by the Lord's providence who disposeth of all the wayes and actions -of man, I had undertaken a jorney into France upon some private -occations, Anno. 1653, tending towards Rie, where being come I found a -ship ready to goe to Rouen, in Normandie, which I made use of for my -transportacion thether. Having set sayle on the 11th of the same wee -crossed the sea with a faire wind, and came upon the coast of France on -the 12th of October by day breake in the morning without any<a name="page_2" id="page_2"></a> -impediment, and entred the River's mouth. Wee met with a small man of -warr, which being licenced to robb by a comission from the Scottish -King, made an attempt upon us even within the River of Seine, having noe -regaurd at all to the nation right of the King's dominions; but wee made -all the resistance wee could, changing some shotts with him for the -space of halfe an houre, till hee dispared of his enterprize, and wee -were carried upp by the floud farther into the land. Being thus free -from the pirate, wee arrived at Quillebeuf that day. There I left the -ship and went by land on horse back to Rouen, from whence after three -dayes rest I directed my course to Parris and after to Orleans, where I -tooke boate and went downe the River of Loyre to Nantes, vissiting by -the way the Citties of Bloys, Amboys, Toures, Saumeur, and Angeirs. From -Nantes I went to Rochell by land with the messager, and thus farr I had -reasonable good sucses in my intended jorney.</p> - -<p>But when the Lord intended to carry mee through a faire tryall, wherein -I might more experimentally learne to know his power and strenght, his -knowledge and wisdome, his love and care over his children, and his -faithfullnes to all those that put their trust in him, hee suffred the -malice of sume<a name="page_3" id="page_3"></a> pernicious sperits to worke upon me. The beginning -whereof happened in this manner. Being come to Rochell I went to inquire -of a marchant of whom I was to receive a sume of monny by bill of -exchange. And among the rest I mett with a companie of 6 or 7 persons, -most of them being Flemings, standing together in the publique meeting -place, where the merchants as upon the Exchang at noone and in the -evening use to come togeather. In this companie, as I was enquiring of -them for the said marchant, there was found a Scott, who whilst I was -receiving instruccion of a Fleming to find out the merchant, looked very -ernestly upon mee; and at last tooke an occacion to aske mee whether I -was not an Englishman or noe: 'for I am very confident,' said hee, 'that -I have seene you at Edinburgh or with the English army.' I replyed I had -indeed spent some time in England, where perhaps hee might have seene -mee, but for Scotland I never had beene their. He againe answered, that -yet for all that he durst lay a wager that I have seene you their, -though you deny it. And so I declyning to have any further discourse -with him we had no more words together, nor did I ever speake with him -any more after that tyme.</p> - -<p>Now whilest I was inquireing for my marchant, and discoursing with the -Scott after the manner<a name="page_4" id="page_4"></a> expressed, their was also a Frenchman in the -number of the company who was a familiar aquaintance and constant -companion of the Scotts, for all the weeke after I continued their I -never saw either of them aloane, but alwayes both of them very intimatly -conversing together. This Frenchman being but of a meane quallity, and -in the judgment of my further experience a man of a hungry condition, -after he had heard both my inquiry for the marchant and the questions -the Scott putt to me, went to the said marchant on purpose to learne -what my expeditions were with him, what sume of money I had to receive -of him as also the progresse of my journey: namely whither: when: and by -what occasions I would goe from Rochell. For being void of all suspition -of tretchery I did freely aske councell of my marchant which way I might -with most safety goe from Rochell to Burdeaux; who because he could not -retourne my money to Burdeaux by Bill of Exchange, advised me to take -the said money in gold, and goe by water from Rochell to Burdeaux by the -way of Mornack and Regan where their was no danger to be feared. The -which councell I did embrace, and went accordingly on the 18th of -November from Rochell to Burdeaux on a small hoy wherin their weere -severall other<a name="page_5" id="page_5"></a> passingers: and amongst the rest this Frenchman, the -Scotts companion formerly mentioned, who undertooke the journey from -Rochell to Burdeaux on purpose to try whether either by order or by any -other action he might gett advantage against me; to which end he had -drawne three others of the passengers more to his side, that his -designes against me might be carried on with more strength and -authority. These compliants oft shewed themselves very active along the -journey; first by insinuateing themselves into my company by various -discourses, and by diveing into my affairs with all manner of subtill -questions, and afterwards by frameing and deviseing many frivolus and -groundless accusations against me; though neither of my discourse nor of -my carriage they could borrow any more matter of suspetion, then the -Frenchman formerly mentioned had instiled into them aforehand. After we -were come therefore upon the River Garonne, and got soe hye as Blaye -(which is a small towne with a cittadell where the cheife Governour of -Bourdeaux doth reside, and where all customes for importacion and -transportacion are discharged) myne adversaryes, which were now -increased to the number of foure more, went to the Governour of the -place, desiring a gaurd from him to conduct mee as a suspect'd<a name="page_6" id="page_6"></a> person -to prison, the which was granted them; whereupon I was taken out of the -hoy that I came thether in, and was placed with the gaurd and myne -adversarye into a greate open boate to goe directly for Bourdeaux.</p> - -<p>Heare I came to know those whome had a hand in myne accusacion, who -otherwise before that in all the jorney caried themselves very -courtiosly towards mee, but now began their trecherous malice against -mee openly, all their former complements and courtious usage being now -degenerated into mockings and scoffings and spightfull langage. For all -the way up to Bordeaux they used all possible endeavours to agravate to -the highest measure the affliccions of my mind by all manner of -reproches and affronts they put upon mee. They contryved as it were a -comidy, or rather a tragedie, whereby they laboured to set forth to the -life my future suffrings, introducing severall persons, whereof some -acted the hangman's part, some the condemned prisoner's, some bore other -officers parts, making the mast of the boate for a payre of gallowes, -while I perforce was the sad subject of their hopes, I was to undergoe -both in my torture and finall execucion, making continuall repetition of -such lamentable cryes and dullfull exprecions as I should use if I came -to<a name="page_7" id="page_7"></a> feele the unsufferable torments of racking. And more over they would -perswade now and then that I was ingaged to them for their insolences; -for said they 'all the paynes wee take in our play are intended for your -learning.' They called upon all the people they met upon the River, -desiring them that if they had a mind to see an English saint hanging on -the gallowes they should repair to Bourdeaux within two or three days.</p> - -<p>With such and the like pastime wee arrived at Bourdeaux about 4 of the -clock in the afternoone, where the gaurd that came with mee from Blaye -was discharged, and I carried to a greate house in the Citty, which I -tooke to be a house of entertainment because a great supper was their -prepared for my sake, though without myne order, and likwise three of -mine adversaryes being Rochellers intended to lodge their. But before we -came to the house, because they would spare no meanes to increase my -terrors they called the hangman, because our way fell out by his doore, -recomending me to his care; who very courteously received me, promissing -and engageing to me all his abillityes to be ready for my service. After -I was lodged and sufficient care taken for me in the said house, myne -accusers were very busye in provideing all necessaryes for my<a name="page_8" id="page_8"></a> -examination; wherupon severall persons to the number of seaven or eight -did appeare their an houre before supper tyme, and went into a roome by -themselves to advise upon the questions they intended to put unto me. -And againe by the tyme that we had made an end of our supper the hangman -came also, with two of his servants or attendants bringing his -instruments along with him. After supper was done I was called to those -eight men that were come to try me; for they continued their ever since -they came, and supped also in a roome by themselves, but I and myne -accusers supped in another roome. And when I came in unto them they -demanded of me from whence I came, whither I intended, what my -expeditions were in Burdeaux, what my aquaintance were that I had their, -item what countryman I was and of what profession, whether I had skill -in the Lattine tongue, whether I had beene long in France? Other -frivolus questions they put to me, viz. where I had beene in such a -yeare and at such a tyme of that yeare, what my busines had beene their, -where my parents lived; and many other trifleing demands they asked me. -Myne answers to all these questions they tooke in writing, on purpose to -propound them againe to me in the midst of my tortures, where in case I -had not answered<a name="page_9" id="page_9"></a> according to trueth they thought it would be -impossible (as indeed it would have falne out so, for to speake the -trueth in all things did not consist with my safety at that tyme) for me -to remember the same expressions to all those questions they had made to -me, that so having found me in severall tales they might have the -stronger grounds of their suspition against me.</p> - -<p>Thus haveing made an end of this examination of myne they replyed, that -those answers of myne had no conformity with those informations which -upon sufficient grounds they had received conserning me; for said they, -I had endeavoured to deny my native country, affirming myselfe to be a -Germain, notwithstanding that I was an Englishman. Item that I denyed -that ever I had any relation to the English army, although they were -assured without contradiction that I was an officer of that army, and -had beene upon service with the same in Scotland. Item that I had denyed -to have any correspondence with any of the inhabitants of Burdeaux and -Rochell, whereas it was not possible that I should travaile to so far a -country without some recomendation at leastwise to some marchant; and -since I had refused to relate the trueth in these things I must of -necessity be guilty of some great<a name="page_10" id="page_10"></a> designe or conspiration against their -country, the which to prevent they did hold it their duty both to their -kinge and country to bring me to a cleare confession by all possible -meanes. Wherupon they desired me to resolve unto them without fraud or -deceit these following questions. By whom I was sent thither? 2<sup>ly</sup> -what myne instructions were for my expedition? 3<sup>ly</sup> what -correspondency I had in Rochell and Burdeaux? 4<sup>thly</sup> what charge I had -in the English army, and lastly in whose hands those 1200 livres were -which according to their well grounded information I had at my -disposeing at Burdeaux? This last query was meerly devised by my -accusers on purpose to begett in the coveteous magistrate a more earnest -desire to afflict me with the more cruell torments, which might (as it -often happeneth) cause me to confesse even such things as perhaps I was -not guilty of, and so to be willingly condemned to dye rather then to -suffer the intollerable greife and anguish of tortureing, which -neverthelesse in themselves without any further condemnation would have -prooved destructive to my life; for they myne accusers were after my -conviction to have all the meanes that I had about me for their good -service they had done in betraying of me, although in myne examination -they were never<a name="page_11" id="page_11"></a> brought in to confront me for all that I earnestly -begged it.</p> - -<p>After that I had given them answers to every one of their questions and -suffitiently argued the groundless charges they had conveined against -me, they refused to reason any longer with me, but desire me to repaire -into the other roome where I was afore, saying that I should finde -another examinator, unto whom I should be more ready to reveale the -trueth then I had beene to them. Thus I retourned into the said roome -where I found the hangman making his instruments ready for the worke, -and myne accusers; who being ravished with joy because they had brought -their designe to an expected end, continued to increase the sadness of -my spirit with many insolent and hart breaking expressions, and drinking -an health to my confusion, another to my speedy journey to the gallows. -Now the temptations of that day (which was a day of distresse and -unspeakable greife to me) came to their height; now fearfullnesse and -trembleing came upon me and horror overwhelmed me; here the sorrows of -death incompassed me and the paines of hell gott hold on me; here I was -to goe through the fire and water, and to make choyce of destruction for -myne inseperable companion. To describe the heavinesse of my<a name="page_12" id="page_12"></a> spirit and -the sorrowes of my hart I was in at that instant I know not where to -begin, nor where to conclude, nor where to finde signeficant words to -make a true and propper expression of the matter; only I say they were -such as that I cannot without astonishment of heart thinke of them, nor -reflect upon them with my mind in a serious consideration without teares -of joy.</p> - -<p>Now when I was past all humane helpe and comfort, wanting both time and -place and the use of myn understanding (which was then wholly suppressed -and stupified by hellish feares) to thinke upon any project for an -escape, I leaned myselfe out of a window, having noe other place or -conveniencie for any private meditacions, and tooke myne onely refuge to -him who is an helper to the oppressed, a protectour to the forlorne, and -a saviour of them that are without helpe, with confident perswacion that -hee was both able and wise enough to deliver mee out of the hands of -myne enemies, though they were never soe many, and though noe hope at -all apeared in my sight for my deliverance, if it seemed good in his -eyes to doe soe. But if by his eternall decree, I was to drinke this -bitter cup of affliction, my onely request to him was then, that with -his strenght hee would appeare in my weaknes,<a name="page_13" id="page_13"></a> and worke a conformity -betweene mine and his owne will, that with a contented minde I might -take this cupp from his hands, and glorifie his name for his -dispensacions.</p> - -<p>I had noe sooner withdrawne my selfe from the window, but God, who had -given eare to my crys, sent an instinct into my mind to try whether I -could gitt privatly downe the stayres whilst all the companie in the -same roome were tryumphing and rejoyceing in my mesiry. The which motion -I went immeadiatly to put into execucion, and made foure or five turnes -up and downe the roome, taking every time in my walking alsoe the lenght -of a long gallery which crossed the rome running streght out of the -doore, wherby I conteyned myself in every turne a little while out of -there sight, which afterwards caused a carelessnes in them not to looke -presently after mee when I went for good and all. At length I tooke the -oppertunity to walke downe the stayres silently, and coming downe I -found the gaurd that was apoynted to attend mee in the kitchin, making -merry with drinking liberaly upon my cost, not suspecting my coming -downe. By reason whereof I was not discovered as I passed by the kitchin -doore, but without any further let I came to the streete doore, which -was not locked<a name="page_14" id="page_14"></a> yet, but onely boulted with two boults, and having -unboulted it I went out, making what hast I could to the Citty gates. -But it being late, about 10 a clocke at night, all the gates were shut.</p> - -<p>Then I bent my course to the Citty walls, and ran about the same soe -long till I came to a place where the battlements with sume parts of the -wall were broaken downe, whereby the wall in the same place was become -six foote lower then the rest of the wall. But before I was gott soe -farr I heard the cryes in the streetes made by my persecutours, which -doubtles were sore greeved and vexed that I was gone out of their hands -without taking leave of them; therefore being senceable of that cruell -intertainment which was prepared for mee in my unfortunate quarters I -durst not goe farther about upon the walls for feare of my approaching -ennemys, but resolving to cast myselfe upon the same God who had torne -me but then out of the lyons mouth, beseeching him with all ernestnes -that he would alsoe carry mee out of the same enemies sight, and send -and assist mee in that dangerous but nessisary atempt of myne, which I -was forced to make by leaping over that wall formerly mentioned, which -was yett about 17 or 18 foote high <a name="page_15" id="page_15"></a>from the ground. Thus having made -another experiment of the wonderfull mercy of God I came on the ground -on the other side of the wall without any hurt at all, save one small -spraine I perceived in my right heele, which was by strayning a vaine as -I thought. Yet was the same soone cured with the joye I was ravished -withall, because of the seasonable and unexpected deliverance. Being -without the wall I had a deepe moate or graffe to passe through yet -before I could march any further. And seeking a passage where with most -ease I might gett through I went about an houre round about on the foot -of the wall, which was on dry ground, till at length I found a place -where formerly their had beene built a water bearer crosse the graffe -but now was broken downe, only some ruins of the foundations left yet, -some above water and some under water, so that I could passe over the -water upon the said ruins wadeing not above knee deepe.</p> - -<p>Now I counted myselfe at full liberty, and being transported even above -myselfe with unspeakable joy I retourned praise unto the Lord for his -wonderfull dealings towards me, and resolved to march some seaven or -eight leagues towards the sea side, to try whether I could meet their -with any shipping wherby I might get from thence. And as I was marching -on that night I lost my way, and<a name="page_16" id="page_16"></a> was drawne by degrees into the middle -of a great morast some two English miles broad, being misled by a -supposed foot path, which had beene of use in the dry Summer tyme but -none in Winter when it was altogether unpassable. Here I was wadeing up -and downe to my middle, backwards and forwards all the rest of the -night, even to the danger of my life, not knowing whether I went because -no starrs appeared. Then I wrought myselfe through and came on dry land -againe about nyne of the clock in the morning. My strength was wholy -spent by this night's worke so that I was not able to goe any further -before I had rested myselfe some two or three houres under a hedge. In -the meane while I dryed my cloaths againe as well as I could, and made a -paire of shoes of my bootes, cutting of the leggs of them, and makeing -the feet servisable for shoes, that so I might be able to march with -more agillity then I could with boots on my feet. Then having -recollected some strength by a little rest, and refreshing my spirit -with a draught of cold water (for better accomodation I was affraid to -seeke in any house) I betooke me to my journey againe, in hopes that -night to gett to some of those little townes which lay over against -Blaye, before hue and cry after me could come thither. For their<a name="page_17" id="page_17"></a> I -intended to hire a boate that should have carried me by night to some of -the shipps which were rideing over against Blaye.</p> - -<p>At night an houre after sun set I got to Pullitor (which was one of the -little townes I aimed at), and being tyred above measure both in body -and spirit, by reason of the hard travills that I had endured both that -day and the night before, I was ready to faint for some refreshment. I -was fasting all that day, not dareing to aske releife of any body by the -way. I was forced theirfore to venture into a taverne in that towne and -aske for a pott of wine with some bread, which was brought me -accordingly, not feareing in the meane tyme that the inhabittants of -that place had goten any notice of my escape from Burdeaux. But before I -had eaten and drunke my fill a guard of the townsmen came to secure me, -haveing received a compleat discription of my person with an order to -apprehend me before I came thither. By these townes-men I was kept all -that night in the same house I first came into. In the meane while they -sent to the next garrishon, which was Blaye on the other side of the -water, giveing intemation to the Governer their of my captivity, and -desiring him to take care of my examination and tryall.<a name="page_18" id="page_18"></a></p> - -<p>Wher upon the next morning about nyne of the clock their were sent from -thence for that purpose two officers, fouer comon soldiers with -fyerlocks, and another hangman with two servants (for as I learned -afterwards the magistrate of every place where I was apprehended was to -have all my estate I had in France), and mention being made in the hue -and cry after, that I had 1200 livers in some bodys hands in Burdeaux, I -was by their privelidges to be tryed in the same towne, or in that -jurisdiction where I was taken. The two officers tooke up their lodgeing -in the next house, but the foure soldiers and the hangman with his crue -were ordered to beare me company in the same rome where I was.</p> - -<p>The evening or the beginning of the night being appointed for my tryal, -the hangman made all manner of preparation in the same roome before myne -eyes; and when I prayed him to be as favourable as he could to me and I -would resigne all what I had about me, he promissed me upon his faith I -should not be hanged before I was sufficiently tortured. Such and the -like comfort I received from him and all that were neare me. Now my -terrors was multeplyed againe, and my sorrows brought to the same height -they were at before,<a name="page_19" id="page_19"></a> I finding myselfe forsaken of all the world, and -seing no less grounds of feare and dispaire then I did two dayes before -at Burdeaux. I heard through out the whole day no other discourse of all -that was neer me but augmentations of my greife. I laid most part of -that day upon my bed, sighing and crying unto the Lord that he would not -withdraw his presence from my fainting spirit. And truly giving over all -hopes of life I could not solicit the Lord for another deliverance, for -I thought it a vaine thing to beg for impossibillityes; therfore all the -scope of my supplication was only for spirituall comfort, for increase -of my wearyed patience, and for a joyfull resolution to take up my -crosse, and to carry it without murmouring after my Saviour. All that -weere about me tooke occation at every carriage of mine to mock and -scoffe att my calamity, in so much that when somtymes they perceived my -whispering upon the bed they would saie 'harke, hearke, he is very -earnestly preaching and praying, let us see if he can pray himselfe out -of our hands.'</p> - -<p>The day being thus spent and the night drawing on, the hangman seeing me -in a fainting condition (because I refused to take either meat or drinke -all the day) was very fearfull that I should faint under<a name="page_20" id="page_20"></a> his hands when -he should come to worke with me at night. To that end he devised this -pollisie, to perswade me to sitt downe to supper with him and the rest, -and to take some refresh of meate and drink, wherby my spirits might be -revived againe. Halfe an houre before supper tyme he came in suddenly -from the street, telling me their was an order come from the Governer of -Blaye that I should be carried from thence to Rochell the next morning, -their to be kept in custody for further examination. This designe of -his, because it semed at least wise to delay the evill expected, though -it could not altogether free me from the feares of it, tooke such effect -upon me that my hart being eased theirby in some measure of the -heaviness it was in, I rose presently from my bed; not suspecting any -deceit in the project, for it appeared very probable to me that I should -be carried to Rochell, because most of my accusers dwelled their, being -in hope in the meane tyme, if my tryall weere suspended for the present, -that God would work perhaps some meanes for my deliverance. In this -perswation I satt downe to supper betweene seaven and eight of the -clock, and fell to my meat with a good appetite.</p> - -<p>In the midst of our supper my maister the hangman<a name="page_21" id="page_21"></a> called for a cup of -wine, the which was filled and given him by his man; and as he was -putting it to his mouth, before he drunke he remembered himselfe, and -asked his man out of which pot it had beene filled (for their stood two -potts on the dresser); and when he shewed him which pot the glasse had -beene filled out of with his finger, the hangman fell to cursing, and -rebukeing the fellow for his carelessnesse, in so much that he threwe -the glasse with the wine into the fyre. Hereby I came to be sensible of -my delusion, remembering some words that weere spoken that afternoone as -I lay upon my bed; for the hangman had sett a little skellit with faire -water upon the fyre, and as in the boyleing theirof he putt somthing -into it, his wife bid him put a greater quantety of that ingredience -that the water might be the stronger; but he answered her saying, 'by no -meanes if you put in any more you will kill him altogether, this is -enough to bourne him to the hart.' These words, together with the other -passages that happened both at and after supper, were a sufficient -argument to me of their intentions: namely the hangman had prepared a -potion for mee, which was to procure unto mee greate gripings in the -belly, that soe the outward torments being added to the inward paines it -might<a name="page_22" id="page_22"></a> make mee confesse the secritts of my hart. My eyes being thus -opened by the wonderfull worke of God, I refused to drinck any wine but -what I filled my selfe out of the potts which I saw others drinking out -of before me. Now the hangman saw himself frustrated in his hopes hee -perswaded mee presently after supper to goe to my rest into my bed -betymes, because the shipper with whom I was to goe to Rochell would -call mee early in the morning. But I being sufficiently convinced of his -designe could give noe eare to his perswacions, but spent my time by -walking up and downe the roome; till at lenght about 9 or 10 a clock hee -suspected my fears (for hee would faine have made mee gone to my bed -before he should have medled with meef, that soe hee needed not throw -mee downe perforce). Therefore to remove all grounds of suspition I had -of him, hee bid us all good night, and tooke his leave of all as though -he was going to his rest into the next house, where the two officers -lay, which were to bee present at my tryall; but being gone downe the -stayers, and one of the gaurds with him, unto whom hee gave order to -send him word whensoever I was gone to bed, that hee might come with the -officers to finish the worke that they had in hand with me.<a name="page_23" id="page_23"></a></p> - -<p>In the mean time, notwithstanding his pretences, I kept walking up and -downe the roome full of feares and suspitions till eleven of the clock, -and then I layd myselfe downe upon the bed in my cloathes. I was noe -sooner layd but those that gaurded me sent a boy to the hangman, who -because it was soe late returned this answer: that the officers who were -to attend my tryall were fallen asleepe, but they would bee ready to -come with him about 3 a clocke in the morning; hee desired them -therefore to bee very vigilent and carefull of mee till then, least I -should escape there hands. The gaurd according to these instructions -used all means to keepe one another from sleeping; if one did but -slumber a little the other would presently waken him againe to my greate -greefe. All this while I lay in a hellish paine and anguish, expecting -with horror and trembling that dreadfull howre but lately mentioned -which was drawing one apace. Neverthelesse about one of the clock I felt -within my selfe (doubtlesse by the Lord's instigacion who would further -declare his wonderfull love to mee) a strong conceipt and an undeniable -perswation that I should make another escape, althow the meanes how to -perfect the same was not as yet aparent to mee. Where upon I began -againe to consult with my<a name="page_24" id="page_24"></a> selfe after what manner with most probability -to accomplish my desires; and seeing, that unlesse my watchmen that were -with mee in the roome were asleepe, it would be altogether vaine to make -any attempt, I besought the Lord of all might that hee would with his -alsufficient power to cast them into a sleepe while I should indeavour -to gitt from amongst them. Thus I lay in expectacion with a watchfull -eye, I making all signes of them of sleepe, till the Lord was pleased to -answer mee graceously.</p> - -<p>About two of the clock I found them all fast asleepe, both the fowre -souldiers which sate about mee before the fire, and the two servants of -the hangman which lay on a bed in the other end of the roome. As soone -as I perceived it, I hasted to make use of this oportunity, and took -both the sheetes of the bed, tying them togeather with the two corners, -and slitting the other corner of the sheete assunder, that with the more -conveniency I might tye it about the midle frame of the window (for the -lower end of the pertition of the windows in these parts have wooden -sutters without glassing). Having thus prepared the way, I stept out of -the window in the name of the Lord, and let myselfe downe by the sheets, -having my shooes in my mouth, till<a name="page_25" id="page_25"></a> I came to the ground. Here I would -make noe long stay soe much as to put on my shoose, but betooke myselfe -presently to my heeles, and ran as hard and as long as breath would -hould out. I was not gon full muskett shott from the house, before I -heard the cry and alarem in the towne after mee. Suspecting that I was -gone towards the River to looke for shipping, they persued mee up and -downe the River side, as I could guese by the barking of the doggs in -those townes and villages which lay in the water side. But the night -being darke and I taking my course directly to the land side, I -perceived none to come after mee that way, soe I marched peaceably all -that night towards Bourdeaux againe, with an intencion to try whether I -could gitt in some evening tyme, and find out a shipper with whome I -might agree to take mee along with him beyond sea for a sume of mony.</p> - -<p>In the morning after breake of day I lodged my selfe in a wood, and -continued there till 2 a clock in the afternoone. But being weary of -fasting, and thinking the inhabitants which lived soe farr from the -water side would not have had any notice concerning mee, I put of my -gray coate (which was mentioned in the hue and cry) and carreing it -under my arme, I ventured out of the wood, and kept on<a name="page_26" id="page_26"></a> my way till -about 4 of the clock to an open village which was about 4 leagues from -Bourdeaux. There I went into a taverne, and called for a pot of wyne -with some bread to refresh my tyred body withall; the wyne was brought -to me presently, but as for the bread I was to stay for it till they had -fetched the key, which was some where in the towne. But insted of -fetching the key they went to fetch halfe a dozen troopers that were -quartered in the same towne, and some of them in the same house (for I -saw five greate sadle horses standing in the stable) for to aprehend mee -whilst I was staying for the bread. Not having forgotten yet my former -miscarriages, I mistrusted by the wispring of those that were in the -house, that there was a new plott preparing against mee, the which -suspition caused mee to pay for my wine, and soe hasten out of the -house.</p> - -<p>As soone as I came out in the streete, I saw five of the troopers coming -downe the towne. They called to me desiring me to stay, but I taking noe -notice of their calling, went on a strong pace, yet without running, -till I came about the corner of a close; then I ran in hast behind a -hedge, where I made a version of my waye, and turned quyt back againe, -till I came to the end of the towne where I first came<a name="page_27" id="page_27"></a> in. There I went -into a garden, and kreept (as I thought unknowne to any body) into the -bottome of a hedge. The troopers before I gott to this hedge, were -gotten on horse backe serching for mee with great rage. They crossed the -fields thereabouts till darke night, and having missed their ayme after -this manner, they caused all the villages within a league round about to -watch and keepe a gaurd that night, barricading with carts and ladders -the highwayes in all places where there was any considerable passage, -for the fields were all inclosed with thick and unpassible hedges. I lay -in the meane time securely in the hedge bottome, thinking that noe body -had knowne of my being there, till there came a lustie cuntry man, who -having seene mee to creepe into the hedge walked all the while I was -there in the garden, taking noe notice of mee in the hedge; and as soone -as it was darke, hee approached towards mee, and thrusting mee with a -staffe desired mee to come forth. Soe when I came forth, I besought him -to lett mee goe, and I would give him all that I had. Hee being willing -to grant my desire asked mee presently, where my goods were? I tould him -in the bottome of the hedge; for having seene mee to carry a bundle -under my arme, which was my short coate, hee thought<a name="page_28" id="page_28"></a> that the richest -plunder that I had would bee in the bundle, by reason of that he bad me -goe whither I pleased, he would be no hinderance unto me. While he went -to looke for his booty I hasted away. Then I went all that night out of -one close into another, not being able to get through, the guards weere -so strictly kept upon all the high wayes.</p> - -<p>About breake of day I betooke myselfe to a ruinous chappell wherof the -walls were only standing, the ground within in most places was -overgrowne with nettles, which weere my shelter for all that day till -the afternoone. About two of the clock, being ready to starve for cold -because of my thin cloathing, and having perceived no body all the day -to come to so sollitary a place, I went forth out of the corner in which -I had hid myselfe till then. I went into the middle of the chappill -where I had place to walke by short tournes, therby to gett some heate -into my quakeing body. As I was walking in the middle of my walking -their came a countryman with a short crooked bill in his hand; him I -prayed after many other discourses, that he would be a meanes to conduct -me to the water side, which was within a league, from thence to -transport me on the other side the River, and I would give him tenn<a name="page_29" id="page_29"></a> -pistolls for his paines, if he would not betray me. This man did seme to -like my motion well, and promised me with many oaths to be faithfull to -me, desiring me not to stir from the place till at night, as soone as it -was darke, he should come to fetch me. After this fellow was gone I -began to consider within myselfe that I could looke for no reall dealing -from him, but that he intended either to deliver me into the custody of -my persecutors, or else to destroy me privately in the night, and so to -make a prey of me for his owne profitt; for if I had put myselfe after -this manner into his power, wherby all that I had in my custody became -to be at his disposeing, he could not but hope to reape a greater game -by killing me then by keeping his promise with me. Therfore not thinking -it safe for me to continue theire till night, I resolved an houre after -he was gone to seeke some other hideing place.</p> - -<p>Thus deserting the said chappell I fell into a high way, which of -necessity I was forced to keepe, by reason of the thick hedges and deep -ditches on both sides of the way. Before I had gon far I mett with a -barricade cross the way, made with carts and ladders the night before, -but now it was without any guard. Seing this I concluded that their was -not so strict watch kept for me by day as by night, the<a name="page_30" id="page_30"></a> which -emboldened me to continue my march in hopes to passe all the inclosed -feilds before night, to reach the champion country, where I could not -bee blocked up in the maner I used to bee among the hedges and ditches. -Now when I had even overcome those difficult wayes among the hedges, and -was now upon the brim of a large champion country, I sought about the -hedges for some hiding place where I might be obscured till darke night. -But before I could find a place fitt for my turne, I was discovered by a -contry man coming from the feild, who dwelled hard by where I was; who -as soone as hee gott a vew of mee hee came rounding towards mee with a -long crooked bill, and made mee to goe along with him to his house, -where I saw never another man, but fowre or five women, whereof one was -his mother, who did curse and revile mee in a most abhominable manner. A -maid was presently sent to some officers in the parish for more helpe, -for his house stood by it selfe in the field far from neighbours. In the -meane time the good man gave mee a glasse or two of wine, and a little -crust of bread, which after two dayes fasting, was some though not -considerable refreshment to mee because it was noe more. Taking noe -delight of the ayre in the house I could not have patience to<a name="page_31" id="page_31"></a> sitt -downe, though much intreated, but sought to walk up and downe rather -without the dores then within. After that I had bin there about halfe an -howre, the maid that went for more helpe, returned with news, that some -more men would be there immeadiatly. Now the day and night were even -parting, darkenes increasing apace, whilst I still continued to walke, -with many intreaties that hee would dismis mee, promising him 20 -pistolls for his reward, but I could not prevaile with him. At length -the ould woman came forth full of indignacion, rayling and chiding him -for walking in the darke without armes in his hands. The good sone, -taking his mother's witt for the best, willingly yeilded to her -instructions, and prayed her to stay with mee till hee went to fetch his -fowling peece; thus having resigned me to his mother's care, he went to -fetch his gun in the house. I kept in the mean time of his absence a -slow walke while the ould woman full of jealousy followed mee close at -the heeles mandring, and when I guessed what tyme her sone might be got -up the stayres, I made use of my leggs on a suddaine, and ran into a -plaine champion feild, which was on one side of the house, with all -possible speed, leaving the ould woman behind in a distracted and raging -condition, clamering and taking on as one<a name="page_32" id="page_32"></a> out of witts. Before her good -sone could gitt downe to see what his mother ayled, I was out of reach -of his gun, and out of sight, making soe many crooked turnes in my -passage that they might not know where to follow mee.</p> - -<p>Thus being at liberty again I made full account to bee at Bourdeaux -against the next morning. To which end I marched all the night, making -noe stay in any place, but in the morning when I thought my selfe to be -neere Bourdeaux, I perceived my selfe to bee two leagues directly -backward further from Bourdeaux, then I was in the evening before I made -myne escape. And finding my selfe in a wood through which I had passed -two dayes before, because it was an extraordinary thick misty night, -which was a meanes that I knew not how to deserne the east from the west -by moone or starrs whereby I might have directed my course according to -my intentions, the day being at hand I durst not venture to march -farther for feare of being discovered, but lodged my selfe in a greate -thicked of thornes, for I feared to be discovered in the wood. I lay -hiden till about two of the clock in the after noone some cattle came -neere mee, which following an ould over growne path for grasse, and -forcing through directly upon me, made me run forwards out of the -thicked, for<a name="page_33" id="page_33"></a> I feared the boyes that kept the cattle would follow them -in the reare, and the thornes and bryars were soe thick and soe closely -growne togeather that it was impossible for mee to creepe through on -eather side. Soe being driven by these brute beasts out of the private -receptacle into a more perspicuus place, I fell presently into the vew -of some boyes that looked to the cattle, whereof some went presently to -make knowne that I was in the wood. Not long after the wood was besett, -and all the high wayes, by which unavoydably I was to pass whensoever I -should offer to gitt out from thence, were strongly gaurded by the -countrymen living thereabout.</p> - -<p>Now I found myselfe as bad as taken againe; for though I could not be -easily found out and aprehended in the wood, by the many impassable -thicketts therein, yet could not I hide my selfe from hunger and cowld, -which were now my greatist enemyes following mee close whether soever I -went or turned my self. I went all the night from one end of the wood to -the other, trying all the passages round about, whether I might nott -make my way through any of them, butt the guards being soe stronge and -vigilant I wearied my self to noe purpose that whole night. In the -morning I<a name="page_34" id="page_34"></a> retired myself into the thickest and most retired parte of -the wood, and continued there till evening, nott appearing to anybody -all that day, except some hounds which belong'd to the lord that lived -close to the wood side came hunting to mee, but having looked upon mee -with silence they went away. The night drawing on the gaurd about the -wood were sett as strong and as many as the night before, wherby I was -deprived of all hopes of escape; and seeing before mee in case I -continued in that condition any longer, nothing else but present and -unavoydable distruction both of health and life, because I had bin -without releefe both of meate and drinke now about the space of fowre -dayes, I thought it more expedient for mee to make myne escape by some -desperate meanes, though there were never soe little probability in -them, rather then to yeild my selfe to those of whom I could expect noe -comfort then what those cruell and most exquisit torments they had -prepared for mee accompaned with a most ignominous death would have -afforded mee. I resolved therefore to cut two bundles of bulrushes upon -which I could presume to swim over the river of Garrone which was about -two English myles from the wood. But before I came to the River I was to -pass through a greate moras about<a name="page_35" id="page_35"></a> halfe a myle broad, running all along -close by the wood side, which side was not gaurded by the contrymen, -because the morast it selfe tho unknowne to mee was a sufficient gaurd -to keepe mee from running away. Thus I tooke two bundles of rushes, and -went into the said morast; which though it proved soe deepe and soe -dificult that I sunck to my midle in the quagmire, where I should have -bin past getting out againe if it had not bin for the bundles of -bulrushes which supported mee whilst I recoverd myselfe, yet could I not -be diverted from my resolution, till after I had wrought my selfe almost -through the midle of it, and soe was forced to returne from whence I -came.</p> - -<p>Being come to the wood againe, wet to the midle and exhausted all my -strenght, I sate under a tree, examining and bewayling my mesirable and -hopeles condition. I counted my selfe reduced to that extreamity wherein -infallibly I should have perisht, being opressed with hunger within and -seeing the whole creation against me without, soe that in naturall -reason I could not see how or by what meanes I might have the least -hope, either for my restoration or for my present sustenance. I sent up -to heaven many earnist and importunate requests that the Lord would bee -pleased to shorten my mesiry<a name="page_36" id="page_36"></a> or else to worke some meracle for my -dileverance and present releife. Now although I earnestly wished and -confidently expected my disolution, which I thought would have befalne -mee that night or sudenly after, in soe fainting a condition I was in -(for besides the failing of my strenght being hindred soe long from -sleep both by feare and cowld, I was not onely uncapable of my reason, -but alsoe careles and altogeather weary of my life), yet would I, I know -not by what naturall instinct, seeke to gitt some ease for my almost -senseles body, as long as occation would give way to it.</p> - -<p>Knowing therefore that under the wood side at the end of the said morast -there stood a lord or gentlemans house which had some stabling about it, -I endeavored to repaire to one of the stables for some shelter, whereby -I might defend my selfe from the extreamity of the ayre, which was very -sharp then; and coming into the stables I went round about groaping and -feeling all along the wall for a private place to hide my selfe. At -length I met with a scaffold in the corner raised a foote and a half -from the ground, and climing upon the same I passed likewise along the -wall till I did tread with my foote upon a little bagg wrapped up in an -ould coate, the which after I had taken up and unwrapped<a name="page_37" id="page_37"></a> I perceived to -be a bagg full of scrapps or crusts of bread as are used to bee gathered -of the table after meales, weiging some 4 or 5 pounds. This singular -providence of the Lord had such a reflection upon my body and sperritt, -as that whereas before I might have bin counted halfe dead, now I -received a new life againe. Now having gott both bread to sattisfie the -rage of my hunger for three or fowre dayes, and covering to defend my -selfe from the vehement cowld, I could not bee overjoyed of the sight of -this wonderfull mercy of God without which, in my conjecture, I was -absolutely to perish. This unexpected releife gave such comfort to my -drooping spirit as that I was confidently assured there by that the Lord -had thoughts of peace and not of distinction to mee, however hee -suffered mee to bee under the cloud of affliction at present, having -found such a booty. Taking away the said things theirfore I went with a -light hart to the wood againe, takeing along with me a burthen of straw -wrapped into the coate least by scattering of it I should be dogged out -againe; and when I had fetched another burthen of straw I lodged myselfe -in a private place in the wood, and pulling of my wett cloaths I wrapped -myselfe into the long coate I had found in the stable. In this<a name="page_38" id="page_38"></a> manner I -made a poore shift to keepe my selfe from starving that night.</p> - -<p>The next morning I imployed my tyme in drying my cloaths againe in the -sun, which did shine very bright all that day longe. The night -followeing I went againe round about the wood, trying the guards how I -might secretly slip by some of them, which I found to be very difficult, -till after midnight I percieved the watchmen of one post were asleepe, -or by reason of the cold altogether departed from their station, because -I heard none of them (for to be silent or stand still without acting -some apish tricks is an impossible thing for most men of that nation, -which often tended to my advantage to keepe me from falling into their -hands unawarrs in the darke); then I made bold to steale through, and -once more gott an inlargement of my restraint in which I had bin for -those 3 dayes.</p> - -<p>Now I was free, and intended to hold my former course. I mistooke my way -againe, going too much west of Burdeaux, because of the cloudie ayre -which deprived mee of the sight of the moone and starres, soe that after -I had marched the quantity of 4 leagues, I was neverthelesse as farre as -I was the day before from Burdeaux. And as it hapned all alonge that all -my troubles were soe chaine-like linked together<a name="page_39" id="page_39"></a> that the end of one -calamitie was alwayes the beginning of another, soe heere did providence -keepe the same method in exercising my patience with further -trialls<a name="FNanchor_27_27" id="FNanchor_27_27"></a><a href="#Footnote_27_27" class="fnanchor">[27]</a>. For before daylight I fell in my march uppon a great -plaine-heath, which after itt was light I found to bee 4 or 5 miles -broad. Now when I was in the middle the day broake in uppon mee, wherby -I was exposed to the sight of all that mett mee; yett was I arrested by -none till I came over the plaine, then even as I was to leave the great -comon and entering into the inclosed feilds againe, my way fell thorough -a small village, wher as I passed through I saw two or three boores or -paisants standing in a doore. These men taking notice of my habit (the -discription wherof they had learned out of the hew and cry) called after -me, but I not mooved by their call kept on my pace till some of them -gott on horse back others following on foote they overtooke me before I -could hide myselfe in any convenient place. I ran for feare into a ditch -full of water, but they pulled me out from thence with great cruelty. -Having me thus at their mercy they tooke first all my money from me, -which was about eighty pistolls in gold besides what I had in silver -coyne. Suspecting that I had hidden some<a name="page_40" id="page_40"></a> in the water out of which they -tooke me, setting their fowling peices often to my brest theirby to make -me confesse whether it were so or not, and when they could finde no more -money about me they fell to strip me of my cloaths, and takeing so much -as the shirt from my back they left me naked in the feilds as I came -into the world, telling me that naked I came and naked I must goe out of -the world againe. One of them presently putt on my worsted coate and -drawers, flinging away his owne drawers and wastcoate that were of thin -canvis ragged and torne. Another, which tooke away my hat, resigned unto -me his old bonit. Of these leavings I was forced to make use of to cover -my nakedness withall, though it was an habbit very unsutable for the -season, for their had beene a hard niping frost ever since my escape -from Pulliac, and continued so for two weeks together.</p> - -<p>So parting one from another we went every one his way, they towards -their houses and I towards Burdeaux, though it had beene better for -those villands to have knocked me on the head then to have dismissed me, -for it was their duty to carry me according to order to the safe keeping -of the next magistrate, only for that they should not keepe all the -booty to themselves they let me goe whether<a name="page_41" id="page_41"></a> I would without restraint. -Because I was now become a worme and no man, a scorne to all that saw -me, I thought that now no body would count me worthy of takeing, -theirfore I retourned to march openly by day. But the mallice of these -rogues that robbed me was such and so great that rather then I should -escape they would make an alarum (though it should be to their owne -hurt) by sounding the horn, wherby they tooke the alarum from one towne -to another, so that before I had martched a league hearing the alarum -behinde and before and round about me, I was forced to fall into the -bottom of a thick hedge to save myselfe from being taken againe. Their I -continued from nyne till two of the clock of the afternoone till the -cold and frost had so benumed all my members of my body that I was -uncapable of any motion, and noe more senceable of any greate and sharp -cold but onely inclyning to a fainting sleepe, soe that I was affraid if -in case I continued fowre howres longer there till I might march at -night againe, I should be past ever rising againe. Therefore when I saw -a plaine contry man not farr of from mee passing I made bold to call -him, with an intencion to promise him a good some of mony if he would -take me into his house, and keepe mee there private for fowre or five<a name="page_42" id="page_42"></a> -weekes till I might git some letters of creditt from my frinds by way of -Bourdeaux. But when hee came to see mee even spechles by shaking and -quaking for cold, the owld man seeing my condition desired mee to come -home with him to his house, which was hard by in a little village -consisting not of above 12 houses. Having brought mee to his house hee -made mee presently a good fire to gitt life into my starved joynts -againe, and gave mee some bread and drinke such as his house afforded -for my refreshment.</p> - -<p>Whilst I thus refreshed me by the fire side there came severall of the -neibours to looke upon mee in my comfortles condition, whereby some -conjecturing that I was the man conserning whom they had received the -hue and cry, presently sent for the Justice of the peace, which lived -not farr from thence. He came about five of the clocke to waite upon -mee, and was overjoyed that he had gott such a bird in his nett whose -feathers hee thought would be at least 1200 livers in his way. Having -variously discorsed with me and earnestly enquired in whose hands in -Bourdeaux I had the 1200 livers mentioned in the hue and cry, hee tooke -mee along with him into a larger house, where himselfe alsoe lying he -caused mee to bee kept by a gaurd of contrymen. The<a name="page_43" id="page_43"></a> next morning, -because I could not give him a satisfactory answer to his demands -especially concerning the 1200 livers, hee sent a messenger to Bourdeaux -which was some 3 leagues from thence, for a confessor as he termed it to -bee there against the next morning for to begin the same processe againe -with mee as those at Bourdeaux and Puliack would have done, if God had -not prevented it. In the meane while the gentleman being willing to gitt -as much by my ruine as could bee went to consult with some of his frinds -that were there, how hee might gitt some of the monies that I had lost -the other day within his jurisdiction. Finding hee was not like to -compasse his ends, he began to carry himselfe more affable to mee then -before with all manner of faire promisses, namly that hee would helpe -mee to my cloathes againe and to halfe the mony which I had lost, if soe -be I could find out the men that robed mee or their houses. Wher upon, -though I was sufficiently convinced that onely his and not my profitt -was concern'd in the plott, yet being altogeather in his power, I could -not chuse but yeild myselfe to his desires, and promised to goe back the -same way I came the day before, and not returne before I had found out -the houses of those men that had robbed mee. Then he provided<a name="page_44" id="page_44"></a> a gaurd -of fowre men with fowling peeces to goe along with me, and two greate -doggs with a little one which were to attend my returne, which would bee -in the night, least I should ever slip in the wood through which wee -were to march. And because my feete being very much spoyled by the frost -I indured before, I could make but small hast to follow my leaders, they -furnished mee with a lame horse, on which I might make some shift to -keepe pace with my gaurd, and yett not to run away from them neither.</p> - -<p>In this equipage wee began our march about 2 of the clock in the -afternoone, and found the house wherein the robbers lived within an -howre and halfe after our departure. But before wee were come halfe the -way to them, least the theeves wee sought for should conceave any -suspition, and so absent themselves if from farr they should see mee -come in their companie, wee went into a farmers house that lived by the -way, and borrowing a long coate from him made of a thick white frize, -they put it about mee, therewith to disguise me. This pollisie of theirs -did exceedingly rejoyce mee, because it not onely conforted my naked -body for the present, but it spoke moreover to mee that the Lord thereby -was preparing new meanes for my<a name="page_45" id="page_45"></a> deliverance, for by the helpe of this -coate I thought my selfe in a capacity to lye out of dores againe in the -field, which otherwise it was impossible for mee to doe for want of -cloathes. I began therefore to make provision for a new jorney by -filling my bosome with bread where and whensoever occation would serve -mee, for both in the farmers, and severall other houses they made my -gaurd (and me for my gaurds sake) wellcome, by setting alwaye a pott of -wine and a greate househould loafe before us, by which meanes I gott as -much bread as did serve mee two dayes after. At length when wee had -found the place where the robbers dwelt, three of my gaurds went into -the house and would not suffer mee to goe with them, but left mee in -another howse with one of the gaurd, giving to the people of the house a -strickt charge besides to looke to mee least I should make an escape. -Having dispatched their Masters arrand, and returned into the house -where they left mee, I asked them whether they would not helpe mee to my -cloathes againe according to their promisse. They replied that I should -find a man at home that would keepe me warm enough without cloathes, -meaning the hangman, which was sent for him from Burdeaux to be theire -against our retourne.</p> - -<p>The night coming on a pace we prepared for<a name="page_46" id="page_46"></a> a martch againe, and tooke -our leave from the house we were in. Comeing forth those of my guard -went two before and two behinde keepeing close to my horse heeles -because it was very darke. When we weere gott againe so far as the -farmers house where they borrowed my longe coate, they desired me to -restore the coate to the owners againe. In the meane while the farmer -himselfe came forth of the house entreating my guard to come into the -house, and being entered the men that gaurded me set themselves round -about a table while I was walking up and downe the roome with the -borrowed coate on my back still. And seeing by and by the attentions of -the men taken up with their cupps, and the doggs which were taken along -on purpose to observe my motion in the darke striving about the warmest -place in the chimney corner, I thought it to be the season for which I -had looked with great expectation ever since I gott the coate on my -backe. I made bold theirfore to step out of the roome with leasure as -though I had some private businesse to doe without, and assoone as I was -gotten out I pulled of the coate, and taking it under my arme I went in -hast to try once more my heeles, which though they weere lame before yet -now they were become as light as ever<a name="page_47" id="page_47"></a> they were. I ran with all speed -towards the open plaine feild which was on one side of the house. I was -not gott halfe musket shott from the house before they came to looke for -me, and finding me to be gone, they called presently forth the doggs, -and sett them with a great and impetuous storme against the wood which -was on the other side of the house, suspecting that I had taken that -wood for my refuge rather then the open feilds. But I being gon the -cleane contrary way, and the doggs amazed and confounded with the -rageing cry of six or seaven men so that they could not take notice of -me as I ran on, the poore men lost their labours and I gott my libberty -by the assistance of God, together with a good warme coate to my back.</p> - -<p>In the end of the game, to take all possible heed from falling into -their or any mans hands againe, I steered my coarse directly back -againe, to a wood which I knewe formerly being stripped not fair from -thence. There I intended to conceale my selfe, and not to goe from -thence till hunger should force mee, for I feared because of the -nessessity they knew that I was in, I must goe to Bourdeaux for releife, -that now they would raise for mee more then ever they did, but if it -were soe that I could be some where in secritt two or three dayes till -the<a name="page_48" id="page_48"></a> heat of their fury against mee were some what cooled, then I -supposed their gaurds would bee either more careles, or altogeather -removed, that soe I might with more safety gitt throw to Bourdeaux by -night. And coming into the wood, I found in the same a Church with an -empty parson's house, and continued there, for the space of two dayes. -The first night I lodged my selfe in the oven for feare of any bodyes -coming into the house, for I knew not in the darke that I was soe far -from neighbours. But the next day when it was light, I chose for my -habitation a great come chest which stood upon leggs a foote and ½ high -from the ground, and was in all about seaven foote deepe, and there I -spent the rest of the time, as long as I stayed there, onely in the -night I went forth to squench my thurst, out of the trench that went -about the church yard. This was the best lodging that I had since I -leaped over the wall at Bourdeaux; for in the morning after I first came -in I found in a corner an owld sack full of wooll of about 15<sup>lb</sup>. -weight, which being most in great fleeces was of singular use to mee in -supplying the want of cloathes, for I contryved to wrap my whole body to -the knees into itt, putting the wooll to my skin and tying my canvas -wastcoate and britches on the tope of it whereby I became as<a name="page_49" id="page_49"></a> warme -although not soe fashonnably clad as ever I was.</p> - -<p>The stoare of my provision being totaly exhausted, I was now -nessesitated to quitt this place, after I had sojorned there two dayes -and two nights. In the 3d night I undertooke to march againe towards -Bourdeaux, which was some 4 leagues from thence. Upon my march I found -the gaurds through the whole night to bee strickly kept in all the -villages, yet I made shift to pas them all by the healp of the great and -continuall noyse the watchmen continually made, which gave me allwayes -sufficient warning to goe by tims about, and soe avoyd the gaurds that -layd waite for me. Yett for all that I could not reach Bourdeaux -undiscovered, for when I came with in a league of the Citty, there was I -met in the morning about 4 of the clock in a plaine place (where two -wayes met) by a man that was one of the cheif of those that gaurded mee -when I made my last escape, and which was also the principall authour of -my borrowing my long coate. He desired mee to make hast to goe with him -to Bourdeaux, though hee had noe armes at all. At lenght his patience -being tired, and thincking infallibly I must come to Bourdeax for releif -both of meate and cloathes, hee went before, out of an<a name="page_50" id="page_50"></a> intention to lay -waite for mee through others, either by the way or at the Cittie gatts. -Now I was againe possesed with a new fright, for to goe directly without -any delay into the Citty would bee my present mine, and to tarry without -in the feilds did threaten noe less, because I wanted both food and -rayment; yet counting it my best to make choyce of the lesser evill, I -resolved to keepe my selfe in the feild, soe long as I might bee able to -subsist without meate (for though I had lost my warme coate againe, yet -could I make some shift to endure the weather by reason of the wooll -where with my whole body was covered after the manner expressed). Soe -thinking it a greater happines to perrish by hunger and frost (if it had -soe pleased unto God) then to have yeilded my selfe to myne adversaryes -crueltys, I tooke up in this beleefe the bottome of an hedge for my bed -within an English myle from Bourdeaux and remained two dayes.</p> - -<p>Again the 3<sup>d</sup> day before it was light I drew neere to the towne into -the suburbs, to the end that I might with more expedition gitt to the -water side in the beginning of the next evening before it would bee toe -late; and having layin hidden in the ruines of an owld house all the day -long I went soe soone as it was darke, and came to<a name="page_51" id="page_51"></a> the water side, -where the shippers are used to have their constant meetings. There I -first met with an Hollandish merchant of a shipe, unto whom I made -knowne my desire to goe along in his ship, engaging my selfe to pay unto -him the sum of 5000 livers for his reward, where and whensoever hee -should land without the kingdom of France. But this man, because I was -not able to speake plaine Hollandish without mixing some English amongst -it, tould me that I was an English rogue, and hee would rather bee a -meanes to helpe me to the gallowes then to carry mee in his ship. Thus -taking my answer from this inhuman Hollander I went to another man that -was master's mate of a great Lubeckish ship, which was ready to sett -sayle the next day. This Lubecker having received my complaints was -mooved with compacion, and tooke mee on board, where both hee and all -the men of the ship expressed greate love to mee, and put mee into -another habitt againe with ould cloathes, furnishing mee among -themselves with dublitt, britches, long coate and other nessisaryes, soe -that I looked now like a rationall man againe, whereas in my former -habitt I seemed to bee a distracted person. As for passage they doubted -not but they should prevaile with the master of the ship who did lye one -shoare that night, but came<a name="page_52" id="page_52"></a> the next morning on shipboard, in the meane -time they entertayned mee with the best accomodation they had.</p> - -<p>Being thus tenderly entertayned that night, when I wakened the next -morning, I found my feete in which I had felt noe warmnes many dayes -before, soe much swelled, and soe full of paine, after this warme -lodging, that I was not able to stand upright without greate greefe, nor -to abide my shoes upon them. Now as soone as the master came, all the -men in the shipp made intercession for mee to gitt his consent for my -passage, and my selfe promised him as much as I did the Hollander for my -transportation before mentioned; but he being of a dogged surly -disposition would give no eare to my complaints nor take to hart my -woefull mesery, pleading for the safety of his ship and goods, which by -my being their would be exposed to the danger of confiscation, in case -said he that I weere found theirin by the searchers. Yet he said if so -be that I could get so far as Blaye, and shew myselfe their on the shore -side, his men should fetch me into the ship after it had beene searched, -and so I might then goe along with him to Lubeck. Here my sorrowes were -multeplyed againe in an unspeakable manner, because as all my former -endeavours even so this project which I had taken for my last refuge was -fruitllesse. As<a name="page_53" id="page_53"></a> much as my hart was refreshed the day before, when -getting on ship board I came from dispaire to some hopes of a -deliverance, so much and farr more was I now dejected, being reduced -from hope to dispaire againe. For although the maister of the ship made -some promisse to take me along with him if I could get to Blay, yet -being altogether deprived of the present use of my feet, I could not -conceive any hopes to gett thither and so to enjoy the comfort of his -promisse neither. This desperate condition of myne gave so sad a -spectacle to beholders in the ship that it fetched teares from their -eyes when they saw me tourned into the boate againe, for they looked -upon me as one that was going to a wofull and miserable end.</p> - -<p>Now when I was carryed on the shore againe the men in the ship, who was -much greived with the maisters obstanacy, made a collection among -themselves, and fournished my pocket with a French crowne in money, and -giving me five or six dayes provision of bisket and pootered beefe they -landed me on the other side of the river, with an earnest expectation -that I should strive to the utmost of my power to get to Blaye, which -was eight leagues from thence, and their they would watch for my coming -to fetch me on ship board.<a name="page_54" id="page_54"></a></p> - -<p>Being set on shoare about two of the clock in the afternoon, I did force -myselfe to march, though my feet raged as if they had beene full of -needles, and every step I sett was like a knife run through my heart, -yet to strive for my life I would hazzard the losse of my feete, and -have endured the greatest paine in going to Blaye then to fall into the -hands of mine enimyes againe. Thus I marched in great paine all that day -and the night following, without any obstruction because I was unknowne -of that side of the water. The next morning about tenn of the clock I -was met with a younge ougly looking country fellow, who hearing by my -tongue that I was a stranger, bore me company, till he met two men of -his aquaintance, then he together with them fell upon me, and tooke the -crowne from me, and most part of the bisket which the seamen in the ship -had bestowed on me, pretending that I was a spy left behind by the -Spanish fleet which was lately in the river, and so my cloaths being not -worth the taking they lett me goe. But within halfe an houre after upon -better consideration they made an alarum after me by sounding the horne, -which was presently taken round about, wherby I became subject to as -much persecution as I had beene on the other side of the water, for -although I had other habit yet did<a name="page_55" id="page_55"></a> all the country take me for the man -that was discribed in the hue and cry the two weeks before, seing that -all that came to speake with me reviled me for an English trator. The -alarum was so great that the troopers which quartered their abouts went -the rounds on the high wayes till evening, and at night the countrymen -kept their guards as strictlie as those did on the other side of the -water.</p> - -<p>Heere I was cast into a new despaire againe, for besides that I had lost -all hopes of getting to Blay, by reason that my feete were nott onely -very much swelled by the frost after the manner aforsaid, butt my soales -were alsoe blistred that I was now disabled for going any more, there -was moreover this block cast in my way, that I was now described and -besett with guards in a waterish and inhedged country, and had yett a -great river betweene mee and Blay to passe over, where without all doubt -I was laide waite for in case I had bin able to goe further. Being by -these meanes forced to desist from my resolution to meete the shippe att -Blay, I fell into an hedge to hide mee from the rage of the countrymen -and troopers which did every where attend mee. There I lay in a -deplorable condition, sorely oppressed with greif both of body and -minde; my feete full of raging<a name="page_56" id="page_56"></a> paine were noe more able to carry mee, -myne heart broke within mee with the conceit that alwayes my later -calamities proved more desperate then the former, and the more that I -strove to gett out of my misery that still the more I should sinke the -deeper into the same. Hence I could nott butt fall into these thoughts, -that the Lord had utterly rejected mee, that hee would bee favourable -noe more, seing hee had sett mee as a marke into the which hee would -shoote all his arrowes of anger; for when I looked for a time of healing -behold my troubles increased, having bin frustrated in this attempt -which I tooke for the last remedy of myne evill, I gave it for lost in -regard I was now altogether disabled to make any further escape as I was -formerly wont to doe when I was taken. In so hopeless a condition I -spent my tyme under the said hedge that day and the night following, -making an end of my provision that the robbers had left me.</p> - -<p>The next day continuing still in the same place, because I was not able -to goe nor knew I whether to goe, the hedge wherin I lay being very -thin, I was discovered by some boyes that kept sheep (about two of the -clock in the afternoone) their abouts, who as soone as they had seene me -ran to the villadge hard by to give notice of my being their. Wher upon<a name="page_57" id="page_57"></a> -seing myselfe discovered, though before I was not able to stand on my -feet, yet did feare so far overcome me that to shun any danger as long -as possible I could make any shift to crawle a little way from thence to -hide myself in a securer place. But as I was gott a quarter of a myle -from the place where I lay in, it began to raine very hard; so seing a -great house not far of I had a desire to try whether I could finde same -shelter about the same, and coming neare it I entered into a stable one -of whose doores was opened towards the feild the other into a court -before the house. This stable being large was accomodated not only for -cattell on the one side but also for all manner of other uses, for I -found theirin a winepresse round about, their was also laid some cart -loads of faggotts of greene furrs betweene which and the presse I did -hide my selfe thinking it a great happinesse to be out of the cold winde -and raine into a dry place wherby I hoped to have a warme nights -lodging. Perceiving but little company about the house, when I came -first into the stable I lay their with great confidence, not suspecting -any body knew of my being their, yet before I had beene their halfe an -houre, the good man of the house with two of his servants came home from -the feild and received information conserning me of his son, a little -boy of<a name="page_58" id="page_58"></a> some 13 or 14 yeares old, who see my coming into the stable and -watched me ever since then, wherby he knew that I was not come forth -againe. Here upon great and small come into the stable rejoyceing for to -have gotten the theife for whose sake all the townes and villages -theirabouts had been fame to keepe guard all the night past, and being -assured that I could have no other hiding place but under the furrs they -sent for two longe hay forkes to remoove them all to come att me. I, in -the meane tyme full of terror and trembling as soone as I perceived that -I was discovered, forced myselfe under the winepress which was joyned to -one side of the wall, the bed their of lay on two peices of timbre which -being some five foot one from another were no thicker then my body so -that with hard shift I could worke betwixt the bed and the ground upon -my belly to the wall. Being crept under it as farr as I could, I tooke -an old peece of wood which accidentally lay their and left it with other -small sticks in the outside under the bed theirby to prevent in them all -suspicion of my being under the presse. Now when they had remooved all -the furrs and come to the full sight of the bed of the winepress they -tooke it for granted that I could not be their, because the hollownesse -between the ground and the bed was so flat in their<a name="page_59" id="page_59"></a> apprehentions that -they judged it altogether uncapable of receiving a man, theirfore they -only ran the forke into the peice of wood which I had laid out of the -mouth of the hollow, and having tourned the same they made no further -scruple of that place, but were taken with great wonder and amazment, -being confident I had beene seene going into the stable and not coming -out againe, or if I was gott out it was not by naturall meanes but by -witchcraft. Nevertheless suspecting that perhaps he might be mistaken in -watching my coming forth either into the feild or into the court (though -both the doors of the stable were so placed that from one station he -could looke them both) because it was now darke, and their were more -stables and a great deale of timber in the court where I might hide -myselfe in case I were got out of the stable, the maister of the house -sett his two men to watch in the court all the night over till the next -morning that they might make a more exact search for me.</p> - -<p>The two watchmen walked the round in the court all the fore part of the -night, while in the meane tyme about eleaven of the clock, being weary -to lye longer in so cumbersome a posture, I gott forth from underneath -the winepress, where I had lyen now about nyne houres flatt on my belly -till all my joynts<a name="page_60" id="page_60"></a> felt like dead, because being pressed close to the -ground I had no roome to turne myselfe nor to make any motion with my -body. Being gott out of this straite lodging I sheltered myselfe -betweene the cattle that stood on one side of the stable observing the -motion of the said watchmen, which having borne the labour of the day -and now walked till now about midnight began to longe for some rest, -because they could not perceive all that tyme the least signe of my -being their abouts. They blamed the boy for making such trouble with his -groundless fancies and came into the stable where I was, laying -themselves downe to sleepe hard by the doore that went into the court, -and after they had a little reasoned that I could not breake open the -doore about the court without making a great noyse they went boldly to -sleepe while I heartely prayed for their good rest. As soone as I judged -them to be fast a sleepe I passed by them into the court where I found -all the doors locked and the walls so high that by no meanes I could -gett over them. I walked an houre up and downe devising by what shift I -might get out into the feilds, at length finding no other meanes to -escape I pitched upon a doore which went into a vineyard joyning to the -house, and seeing this doore went not close to the threshold upon the<a name="page_61" id="page_61"></a> -ground but lacked so much of his full length as that I could put my fist -under it, I tooke a small peice of a tree and lifted the said doore from -the hinges and after I had loosened it, being both in feare and hast, I -could not prevent the falling of it to the ground, wherby presently the -whole house tooke an alarum, but I having now before me a great hole to -get out by would make no stay to looke for the issue of that alarum but -ran a pace till I gott without the bounds of that vineyard.</p> - -<p>Thus in the midst of my greatest trouble I received comfort againe, -though it was but such as in relation to a better condition was -comparable to dispare it selfe, for although I had drawne my foot out of -the snare yet knew not where to fix my biding but must of necessity fall -into another againe. I was become like a ship that upon a tempestuous -sea hath lost his rudder and sailes and can no more be guided by the -discretion of the steersman to any harbour of safty, but left to the -mercyless waves to be overtourned and swallowed up in the deepe, to be -cast upon the rocks of despaire. Even so was I at this instant deprived -of all hope and counsell to direct my course either to the right or left -for safety, seing nothing but signes of unavoidable destruction round -about me.<a name="page_62" id="page_62"></a></p> - -<p>Being thus at liberty againe to seeke another hiding place I walked or -rather crawled upon my pittifull feet out of one feild into another, not -knowing nor careing which way I went, till againest day I lit on another -barne which stood by itself about a stones cast from the dwelling house. -Coming to this barne I found a little haystack piled up against a wall -the which, the weather being very ill, was a great invitation to me to -take up my lodging on the top of it, perswadeing my selfe that no body -would suspect or seeke me theire. In this confidence I made shift to get -to the top of it, and having prepared me a place wherin I might lye both -secret and warme I fell presently a sleepe, not wakeing till about nyne -of the clock. Being wakened I saw two country fellows at the barne doore -standing on purpose to watch least I should get away before those came -for whom they had sent to aprehend me. Here the comfort my last nights -escape had gotten in me was tourned into dispaire againe, although I -knew not by what meanes or after what manner I had beene discovered so -soone, only I ghesed that either some body had seene me goe into the -barne, or else the servants when they came to feed a couple of oxen -which stood in a pertition made in the corner of the barne had heard me -make some noyse in my<a name="page_63" id="page_63"></a> hard sleepe. How ever it came these same fellows -thought themselves very sure of me, mocking and jearing with my -pittifull condition, and demanding of me why I would rather come to be -taken in their barne then their neighbours house which was but halfe a -mile from thence. I had bewitched their neighbours eyes, but I should -not bewitch theirs. With such and the like jeasts they passed their tyme -till the good wife of the house called them to dinner; then they went to -the dwelling house, and fetched their meat, with an intent to dine -without the doore that so they might both eate and have an eye to the -prisoner.</p> - -<p>As soone as they were gone I raised myselfe from my couch and perceiving -in the little pertition where the oxen stood that their was a hole -broken in the wall some nyne foot from the ground for to let the light -in I hasted downe from the stack and went into the said stable and -making meanes by a long beame to get up to the hole, after I had looked -out of it, I found that it would be very narrowly overlooked by them -that stood in the doore of the dwelling house. Yet because the watchmen -that were at dinner saw a little more to that side of the doore where -they could not give so good attendance to the hole as to the barne -doore, I retourned<a name="page_64" id="page_64"></a> to creep out and fell into a thicket of briers which -were under the hole, and on that side of the barne. Being gotten to the -ground I crept in the bottom of these bryers till I came at the back of -the barne, then could I goe whether I would without disturbing the -watchmen, being at their dinner. Now because it was daylight I durst not -venture far to seeke a hiding place for feare of being betrayed againe, -I was constrained to fall into a ditch under a thick hedge near the high -way that came from Burdeaux. I had not lien long their before the alarum -conserning me was made as fresh as ever it was. The troopers went too -and fro upon the high wayes, and all the travillers that passed by me -made me the cheife subject of their discourse, giving to my hearing -(because I laid on the way side) their severall judgments upon me, one -counting me a crafty fellow, another tooke me for a witch by reason that -I had beene so oft in hold and yet escaped as oft again beyond their -expectations that had me in coustody.</p> - -<p>All these things that I heard and saw could promisse nothing else but a -finall ruine to me, neither could I since I was disapointed in my -journey to Blaye think upon any way more wherby I might conceive any -hopes of life; yet as every day brought forth new troubles, so new -troubles led me<a name="page_65" id="page_65"></a> upon new devices, new devices gave me new experiences -of the wonderfull mercyes of God. Even so while I lay in the bottom of -the hedge struggleing for life, I began to have new consultations -againe; though I had hitherto beene frustrated in all my attempts, as -longe as I enjoyed breath I thought it my duty to nature to thinke upon -others. However the latter project semed to be more desperate then the -former. I resolved theirfore to retourne to Bourdeaux againe being no -further then three leagues from thence, and to apply myselfe to some -Hambrough marchants, thinking if the Lord would yet looke upon my -afflictions that he was able to incline their harts towards me, and make -them instruments of my recovery, and keepe me also out of the hands of -my enimyes which lived their, but if he intended to bring me to a wofull -end in this world I counted it as expedient for me to submit to his good -pleasure their, as in the country where not the least hope of life did -appeare to me.</p> - -<p>To prosecute this resolution, as soone as it was darke I laboured to get -forward to Burdeaux with as much speed as I could. Finding the guards -very vigilant in all villages I made shift to pass by them with going -about where occation served, but as I came to an open market towne -within two leagues<a name="page_66" id="page_66"></a> of Burdaux I met with a small river at the hither -end of the towne. Because of the low waterish grounds and deepe ditches -and thick hedges, this place was so barrocaded up with carts and ladders -and through all the night so strongly guarded that by no means it was -possible for me to get through or by it, although I spent all the whole -night in trying all manner of wayes to gett by. Against morning I went a -little back to hide myselfe in a great empty barne which stood aloane in -an inclosed feild, in hope that it would not be frequented much by day -by any people, because their was nothing in it but some rotten and -decayed straw under which I lay hid. Their I took my rest undiscovered -till about one of the clock, their came halfe a dozen children which in -their play running up and downe a top of the straw came to tread upon me -as I lay in my sleep. Herby they presently discovered me, saying that I -was the theife for whom they had watched all the last night, they would -goe to tell their fathers of my being theire. And so they being gon -their way I thought it not safe for me to stay their till the -inhabitants should come to take me with delibration, theirfore I went -forth to seeke another hiding place, but could finde none ready to my -hand, because of the ditches under the hedges were brim full of water.<a name="page_67" id="page_67"></a> -In the meane while I came accidentally to see the barrecado which the -townes men had made the night before for my sake to be without any guard -(for they thought I durst not march by day in view of the people—they -kept only guard in the night tyme) I resolved to make use of this -opportunity, and to venture through the towne at noone day. Thus -comitting myselfe to the Lord I marched with confidence through the -towne whilest the people theirin least expecting my coming, because it -was about dinner tyme I did not meet many on the streets, divers men -looking over the doores, and seeing me goe fistling as though I heard -nothing, knew not what to make of me. I went in a poore seamens habbitt, -yet by that tyme I was gott through the other end of the towne they -bethought themselves better, and suspected that I was he for whose sake -they watched the last night, calling after me and desiring me to tarry, -and I refused to hearken to their call, they cryed aloud their was the -traytor we looked for the last night. But before they could be ready to -come or send after me, I being now got through the towne went backward -behind the middle of the towne, where I did hide myselfe againe whilest -some of the townes men pursued me in the way to Burdeaux.<a name="page_68" id="page_68"></a></p> - -<p>I continued my march the next night carrying nevertheless about me and -before me the alarum all the night longe till I came to the river side, -only now being in a dry country I could shunne at pleasure all their -guards by goeing about, receiving always sufficient warning by the -singing and clamouring they used where they were. The morning following -I gott to the river side some two English miles before Burdeaux, taking -up my quarters on the bottom of a steep hill overgrowne with small wood -on purpose to overlooke all the conveniences how I might get privately -in the evening tyme into the Citty, their to put my last project in -practice. And when it was broad day light that I could see all about the -sittuation of the towne and river I found myselfe in another mistake, -wherby all my hopes were dashed with one blow as it were to peeces; for -I was perswaded all this while that their was a bridge extant over the -river into the Citty, over which I intended to have pased in the duske -of the evening when no body would have taken notice of me, but now I was -come neer the Citty I found no such thing, and counted myselfe to be in -as great a strait as ever I was, for to desire passage over the water of -any waterman I durst not venture, unlesse I would be carried by him -directly into the hands of<a name="page_69" id="page_69"></a> myne enimyes againe, neither had I any money -to pay for my passage, and to be transported for charrity I could not -expect from any in that country. I was now as neare if not neerer to -despaire as the Israelites were at the Red Sea, being persecuted by -innumerable enimyes that were round about, and sorely oppressed with -hunger within, besides the pittifull condition of my feet. I gave over -all hope of life, unlesse the Lord would work further mirracles for my -deliverance as he had done formerly.</p> - -<p>In this comfortlesse condition I kept my lodging upon the hill till -night, then I went downe into the plaine which was all along the river -side, to see whether I could get a peece of bread by begging in the -darke (for I had beene now foure dayes without) thinking that no body -would be ready to apprehend me if I fell not upon a guard. And as I came -to a house, asking but in vaine for a peece of bread for God's sake, I -perceived that they were making fire into a baking oven standing in an -out house in the garden which together with the house was incompased -with a deepe moate round about. This same sight caused me to looke to -the oven while the bread was bakeing, to that end I got into the next -vineyard and made passage into the said garden with a bundle of sticks -which lay in that vineyard, filling<a name="page_70" id="page_70"></a> the moate with them being ready to -my hand. Being by this meanes gott into the garden I watched with great -longing till the bread was put into the oven, and when it had an hours -baking I made bold to step to the oven, and tooke the iron shutter downe -wherwith the mouth was stopped rearing it against the wall upon some -cloggs of wood; then I reached forth a loafe with the bread shovill, but -having got it to the mouth of the oven the iron shutter fell downe and -made a very great noyse, which so frighted me that I let the shovill -fall and run for my life. The man of the house came presently running -towards the oven, but I was gone before he could see me, and so my -designe to get bread came to nothing. Afterwards I walked about all the -night, out of one vineyeard into another on the water side, studdying -how I might get over the water. At length my deliberations came to this -result, that I intended to seek a boat some where on the river side, -wherin I might endeavour to put myselfe over the river by stealth in the -night tyme, though it semed very difficult to me, both for breadth of -the river and for the luggish and unweildiness of the boates which were -their abouts, for I could find no less then such as would carry at least -three horses at one tyme, which could not be guided by one man and -without a rudder too. Yet<a name="page_71" id="page_71"></a> necessity compelling me to make use of such -occasions as I could get, I was fully resolved to prosecute this -conclusion, only as the tyde fell out I could not put it into practice -before two or three dayes were past when I might have a flowing water -about ten or eleven of the clock at night.</p> - -<p>The maine question now in debate with me was how I should subsist so -many dayes longer without bread, for having fasted already foure dayes I -was now theirby, as also by former hardship, brought so low that to my -thinking I could not be able to goe another day. But the determination -of that query was so far above the reach of my reason that I could not -contribute the least thought towards it. Theirfore I did cast myselfe -wholy upon the Lord's providence and went against daybreake to my former -lodging upon the hill againe, the lower ground next to the river not -yeilding me as yet any convenient hiding place by reason of the watery -ditches under the hedges. Their I sat and had a faire prospect which was -very fitt to overlook the country, but not the end of my mesery. Because -it was Sunday I beheld all the inhabitants merry and joviall below, -while I was ready to faint for hunger and greife above. No earthly thing -had place in my thoughts but bread, bread, great store of which was not -far<a name="page_72" id="page_72"></a> from me but to come by very hard for me. About tenn of the clock I -saw both men and women to flock very thick to the Church which was neare -an English mile from thence, the which sight gave me occation to think -that whilest the most part of men were at masse I might goe downe -without any great danger, and try the charrity of the maids and women -that were left at home to looke to the houses, if perhaps they would -take pitty on me and succour me with a peece of bread. And when I came -downe I came from one house to another to beg for releife, useing all -the arguments of perswation as ever any begger in the world did, yet -could not stir the least compassion in any of them what pittifull -expressions soever I made to them, but instead of an almes they bestowed -so many heavy curses and ill wishes upon me. Whereat neverthelesse I was -not daunted, but hunger helping me to beare all reproaches I continued -to solicite though to no purpose one house after another, till at the -length I came at a house where no body was at home, but were all at the -masse. Wherupon to try all manner of conclutions for my releife I made -bold to climbe into the window, not fearing any neighbours because all -the houses stood by themselves a great way asunder, and seing the -chimney to have some live coales in it, I doubted<a name="page_73" id="page_73"></a> not but the cubbard -would also afford some bread. I broke open the window and went into the -house streight way to the cubbard, not minding anything else in the -house. Having opened the cubbard I found nothing else then a loafe of a -peck of houshold bread one quarter wherof was eaten, I borrowed the -rest, together with a pipkin full of fatt gathered both of boyled and -roaste meate holding about a pinte. Having performed what I came in for -I went out at the window againe, and being by that meanes provided by -the spetiall providence of God and theirby enabled to subsist for some -dayes till the tide would fall out later to carry on my designes to get -over the water by night.</p> - -<p>I went now to consider of a place where I might spend this prey in rest -and safty, and knowing that all the sittuation theirabouts would not -aford me a better accomodation then the presse house joyned to the same -dwelling house where I borrowed the loafe, both being under one roofe -only distinguished by a partition wall in the midle, I went into the -same, in hopes that the people of the house when they came home would -not once suppose me to have tarried so neare the place wher I had -comitted such a fact, but that they would rather perswade themselves -that I was gon further to conceale my<a name="page_74" id="page_74"></a> actions. This presse house was -very full of lumber, and their was amongst the rest a great coupe or fat -about nyne foot high and seaven foot wide. I liked this coupe so well -that I made use of it for my lodging as long as I should stay on this -side of the water, supposeing that their I should lye in no bodys way to -be discovered, because no body could get neither in nor out of the same -without a ladder. But having first made provision how to get in and out -by meanes of a long rope and longe notched peece of wood reared up -within the tubb, went into the same and fell to feed upon such cheare as -God had sent me, giving God praise both for this seasonable releife and -for so necessary and convenient lodging prepared for me, for I estemed -myselfe now to want nothing having meate within the fatt with me, and -their lay four hogsheads of small wine or burick (made with water -wherwith the grapes are washed after they are pressed over againe) in a -room which was instead of a seller under the dwelling house, but the -dore of it came into the press house. Their as often as I was dry and -nobody in the way I went to drinke my fill with a reed out of the -bung-hole opened with an iron naile which I continually carryed about -me.</p> - -<p>I had not beene longe in the fatt before my landlord<a name="page_75" id="page_75"></a> came home, who -with all the rest of his houshold was much amazed at the honesty, yet at -the boldness of the theife was offended, because he had offered to -breake open nothing but the cubbard, and carryed away nothing but the -bread, and the fat driping. When he made his complaints to his -neighbours of his ill fortune, they told him that I had been begging at -their doores, and that I was not come back againe that wayes, but if he -would finde me out he must goe forewards his house. Borrowing in the -meane tyme another loafe he went to dinner with his family which -consisted of two men besides himselfe and two women. After diner they -went all up and downe to inquire whether I had bent my course. One of -the men being wiser then the rest my foot prints were easily diserned -from other folks who all both great and small made use of wooden shooes -which having no high heeles make farre another print then other shooes -doe, and doeing after this manner they found indeed I was come into the -house, but that I was neither retourned nor gon beyond the house, so -they concluded that infallably I must be still in the presse-house -hidden under the lumber that was theirin. They began theirfore to remove -with great confidence all the lumber and empty caskes that was in the -presse<a name="page_76" id="page_76"></a> house, which was so tedious a worke that it kept them busy from -two of clock till darke night, having not the least conjecture all this -while of the great fatt wherin I lay fearing and trembleing, because -they were sure that without a ladder I could not get out nor into the -same. Thus having wearyed themselves with searching for me in vaine till -evening they gave over searching, and I kept quiet possession of my tub -till Wedensday in the morning.</p> - -<p>I came forth somtymes for drinke and motion of my body, especially in -the night tyme, but when the Lord intended to let me see another -experiment of his power and love towards me, he let it come to passe -that on Weddensday in the morning about day break I fell as I was in my -sleepe into a violent coughing, caused by some humors falling into my -throat, of which though it were for my life I was not able to refrain -myselfe, so that those that were in the dwelling house came theirby to -heare distincly wher I was and had beene ever since Sunday noon; for the -great tubb made such an eccho, that they presently called to me out of -the window of the dwelling house that looked into the pressehouse -congratulating and jearing me with my strangly conceited lodging. -Theirupon the good man of the house sent imediatly his two men to guard -the doore<a name="page_77" id="page_77"></a> of the presshouse, and himselfe when it was breake of day -went to advise with his neighbours how to send to their Justice of peace -to give notice of my condition.</p> - -<p>Now my hopes began again to faile, being falne into the hands of those -who in regard of their owne wrong they had received from me would use -their uttmost endeavours to look more narrowly to my coustody then ever -any did before, yet considering how the Lord had owned me hithertoo with -so many wonderfull deliverances I would not cast away all courage, what -grounds of dispaire soever came into my way, but perswaded myselfe -confidently that he would not have wrought so many wonderfull evasions -heretofore if he intended to destroy me in the end. Theirfore I doubted -not but that the Lord would finde some way to deliver me even from these -present feares, though the manner how was hidden from mine eyes till -noon. For then it came to passe that the watchmen which otherwise stood -constantly at the doore of the press-house had their dinner brought -them, for the eating of which they seated themselves on the ground some -what to the left hand of the doore, so that I had liberty to creep out -of the great fatt without their sight, and to passe by the doore without -their sight<a name="page_78" id="page_78"></a> into the roome where the foure hogsheads of beverick before -mentioned were. Now having heretofore observed the structure of the -house, and knowing their were a paire of stairs built after the Scotch -fashon without the maine wall by which they went up into the dwelling -roome, and that underneath the staires their was a concavity fitted for -a hogstye into the which their was made a hole through the maine wall -out of the roome where the drinke lay, I went whilest the watchmen -minded their dinner to creepe through that hole, and being with much -pains (because it was both little and high from the ground) gott through -I laid close in the said hogstye till evening; not dareing to stir forth -because of the watchmen standing at the presshouse which was hard by the -front of the stairs, the doore of the hogsty being on the backe of the -same. After the watchmen had dined they went to their station againe in -the press-house, fastening the doore, and sett themselves on jeering and -mocking the theife in the tubb, not knowing the change of my quarters. -Againe evening when it became dark they drew themselves to a place not -far from the tubb. Their they made themselves merry with useing all -manner of idle talke to me as they thought in the tubb, desiring me to -content my selfe with my lodging one<a name="page_79" id="page_79"></a> night longer and I should be -releived the next morning betymes. It being quite darke I went out of -the hogstye, where I had lyen since one of the clock in great feare, -because their went a foot path close by me on which much people used to -walke, and could as they came along fully see me in the hogstye, which -had no corner to hide me in but was only a square hole capable to -receive one hogg. But by providence it began to raine very hard soon -after I was got into it, and continued so till ten of the clock at -night, by reason wherof they that went by had either their faces covered -or were faine to look to their feet to keep themselves from slipping.</p> - -<p>Then I made for the water side to looke for the boate that I had made -choyse of on Saturday night before, and having found it I ventured about -ten of the clock to goe over in it, giving myselfe to the streame which -of itselfe carried me upwards being some two miles below Burdeaux, and -with a strick wrought to make way to cross the River which their abouts -was neare an English mile broad, and by these meanes I arived safely on -the Chartrux in Burdeaux about twelve of the clock at night, discharging -the boate after my arivall by comitting it to the care of the streame -againe. Being landed I went to hide myselfe and take up my rest in the -ruins of<a name="page_80" id="page_80"></a> an house in the subbearbs on the other side of the towne. In -the morning as soon as it was light I retourned to the Charterux to -inquire for some Hambrough marchants, and having found two of them -living in one house, I declared to them my straits that I was in, -desiring them in charrity to assist and helpe me till I could get -releife by letters of credit from my freinds. I durst not aquaint them -with the grounds and circumstances of my mesery upon what account I had -beene persecuted (for then they would have beene affraid to medle with -me), only I told them that I was coming with other company from Rochell -and I fell sick, wherby I was forced to stay behind for two or three -dayes, and being recovered I came along with a guide, and being halfe -the way betweene Rochell and Burdeaux I was set upon by three robbers -who tooke all that I had from me, stripping me also of my cloaths. These -gentlemen gave some credit to my complaint with much to doe, being -neverthelesse full of doubts whether or no I was not an imposture or -vagabond run away from the Spanish or French army, yet could they not -altogether withdraw their comiserations from my pittifull complaints, -especially hearing of mine acquaintance with severall men of credit in -<a name="page_81" id="page_81"></a>Hambrough. Theirfore as the credit which they gave to my relation was -mixed with doubts so they recomended me to a poore drinking house, where -upon their word I had some poore entertainment mixed with sorrow. It was -such as came short of that I had in the tub before I was discovered, -only it served very narrowly to keepe body and soule together till I -gott other releife. Very loathsom and musty bread, or livers, sheep and -hoggs lights, were my best faire on flesh dayes. On fasting dayes -(videl:) Frydayes and Saturdayes I was glad to be contented with sopps -made of the said bread scalded with water and greased over with stinking -oyle.</p> - -<p>And with all this I should have beene contented and have counted myselfe -happye might I but have enjoyed withall a kinde looke of my landlady -once a weeke, but she was such an inveterate and malicious woman, -desended as I thought of an infernall progenety, as that I never knew -the like of her. Her humour was such that she would maunder all the -weeke like a cursed dog, and if a straw crossed her the whole house -trembled at her indignation, none, not the goodman of the house himselfe -dareing to come into her presence till her fury was spent; and when she -wanted other matter of scolding my poverty was the maine subject of her -malice, because<a name="page_82" id="page_82"></a> she perceived the recomendation of my freinds (the -marchants that brought me thither) to proceed from a coole affection she -respected me no better then a begger that is maintained for God's sake, -upbraiding me dayly with the poore entertainment she gave me, and -threatening oft to tourne me out of doores. So impetuous and formidable -was the carriage of this Proserpina, and made me so tame and so -aplicable that upon her command I served her for a scullion boy in all -occations, waiting upon the ghests that came to drink their to carry -their potts to the celler, and performing all manner of servile duties -all the tyme of my being their. She made me tourne the spitt, the which -preferment indeed was more agreable to my present habbit then my -stomack, nor did the action itself so much greive me as the conceit to -think I should not eat of the roast meat but take only the smell for my -paines. In this practise I continued almost a moneth, keeping constantly -within doores both for shame of my poore habbit and for feare of myne -enimies, till I got releife by a bill of Exchange from my freinds. Then -I changed my lodging, and put my selfe into another habbit againe.</p> - -<p>I prepared for a journey to retourne by land to Roan, by the way of -Paris. Now because I had<a name="page_83" id="page_83"></a> beene so frighted with that nation I feared my -journey would proove but uncomfortable to me if I should travaile -without aquaintance, I made choyce of a younge man whom I had learned to -know in my poore lodging but lately mentioned. This young man was borne -and had his parents in Roan, but had beene for many yeares in the Low -Countryes, by reason wherof he spoke good Dutch; he had beene lately -taken by an English vessell and set on shoare near the River of Garrone. -Having understood his desire to be at Rouen I promissed to beare his -charges if he would goe along with me; he was much pleased with this -offer of mine only he desired to take the consent of some of his -friends. Now this young man beyond my expectation had a kinsman in -Bourdeaux who was a familiar friend and daly aquaintance of one that was -among the number of my principall adversaries liveing in the Citty. Both -the kinsman of my chosen companion and my adversary spoke very good -English, for they had lived a longe tyme in England, and when the said -yonge man had asked his kinsman's advice about my proffers made to him, -the kinsman was very inquisitive to know my name and my condition; then -having obtained both and theirupon conferred with myne adversary, they -came to finde that I was the<a name="page_84" id="page_84"></a> man which was upon the stage eight weeks -agoe (when I applyed myselfe to the Hambrough marchants their lay a -great necessity upon me to keepe the same name by which I was -persecuted, or else I could not have sent letters of credit in another -name) then they went to contrive after what manner they might renew my -troubles againe. Now what the reason was they did not areast me -presently before I went from Burdeaux I know not, only besides the -pertickular providence of God. I think it was either for feare that the -English marchants living in Burdeaux with whom they had much dealings, -would take notice of their mallice to the English nation, or else -knowing that I intended to goe to Rochell they judged it more convenient -that I should be accused and tryed where the other of my persecutors -were, especially the first and cheife author of my mesery being of that -number. They gave instruction to my comrade how he should betray me at -Rochell to the said persecutors of mine which then would take further -care of myne accusation.</p> - -<p>In the meane tyme I was altogether ignorant of these new plotts, not -having the least suspission of my comrade that he would have played the -traytor with me till I came to Roan in Normandie. But<a name="page_85" id="page_85"></a> the Lord who had -saved me out of all former troubles would anihilate even this device -against me. For when on the 16<sup>th</sup> day of January I departed from -Bourdeaux with my traytor, goeing by the water so farr as Blaye we -lodged their that night, having another gentleman from Tours bound to -goe the same way with or in our company. The next morning<a name="FNanchor_28_28" id="FNanchor_28_28"></a><a href="#Footnote_28_28" class="fnanchor">[28]</a> before we -sett forth we met their accidentally with three horses and a guide which -were to retourne to Poicters. This oppertunity happened very comodiously -for our tourne, seing that I and the other gentleman might gaine a days -journey in the shortness of the way to Paris, for that the gentleman -from Tours and I made choice to goe by the way of Rochell was only for -want of occation to goe the nearest way to Paris. Theirfore I and the -said gentleman, being glad of such an ocasion to shorten our journey, -compounded with the messenger from Rochell with whom we had contracted -at Bourdeaux for our passage to Rochell, giving him halfe fright rather -then to loose a dayes journey. My tretcherous companion, having laboured -as much as he could to hinder our purpose to goe by the way of Poicters, -was much discontented that by this meanes he lost all hopes of coming to -Rochell their<a name="page_86" id="page_86"></a> to discharge himselfe of his dutye he owed to his cousin, -yet that he might not be wanting in any thing that he might reward me -with an ill tourne for all my kindnesse to him all the way through -France, he sent presently a letter from Blay to his cousin in Bourdeaux -to give him notice that we were not like to come at Rochell, but that we -were gone another way to Paris, desiring him to send further -instructions how he should behave himselfe in the businesse to a -certaine house in Paris, where he would call for it when he should come -thither.</p> - -<p>Thus we marched very lovingly to Paris, I having not the least jealousy -of his perfidious dealings, I made him every way equall with me both for -entertainment and accomodation, bearing all his charges and expences by -the way coming to Paris. As soone<a name="FNanchor_29_29" id="FNanchor_29_29"></a><a href="#Footnote_29_29" class="fnanchor">[29]</a> as we were got into our lodging he -went forth to looke for his directions, which were to be sent after him -by the post by his kinsman above mentioned, and their he received my -accusation subscribed both by my adversaryes at Rochell and of those -that were of my examination at Bourdeaux, together with a letter of -recomendation to a gentleman that was borne in Paris, who had a brother -that kept an inne at Rouen, this gentleman was to<a name="page_87" id="page_87"></a> take care of my -examination and accusation according to the instructions he had received -from Bourdeaux in writing and from my comrade in word of mouth. -Theirfore the day following, as I and my Judas came to take horse at the -messengers house, he tooke the paines to travaile with us from Paris to -Roan their to execute his commission against me. Now by the way both he -and those that were in our company whom he had aquainted with his -designe began to put forth many merry conceits and perswations of my -future troubles, yet continuing their jeasts that I could not aply any -thing to my selfe openly, but only I entertained some suspition within -myself not taking however any notice of their apish gesticulations, but -carryed my selfe as though I had not perceived the meaning of them.</p> - -<p>Being come to Roan this gentleman who was to mannage the businesse by -letter of attorney perswaded me to take up my lodging in his brothers -house, unto which, not to shew myselfe unwilling or any ways daunted, I -willingly consented, still hopeing that perhaps I might be deceived in -my suspisions that I had collected out of their foolish mockeryes, for I -could not imagine that my comrade unto whom I shewed so much love and -freindshippe would have rewarded me with so perfideous dealings.<a name="page_88" id="page_88"></a> -Because it was darke night when we entered the citty, their could be -nothing done that night, but the next morning betymes they went about -their erand; being in the meane tyme perswaded that I knew not nor -suspected any thing of their plott against me because I carryed myselfe -with a merry countenance among them.</p> - -<p>But the Lord, who heretofore had found out many wonderfull wayes for my -deliverance, sent here also his angell to give me warning of the bloody -devices they had contrived against me. For ther was a yonge man from -Rochell who intended to travaile by land so far as Deepe, and had beene -in our company ever since we came from Poicters. He taking to hart the -cruell entertainment that was prepared for me, was mooved with -compassion of my woefull misery that I was like to fall into. Very -suddenly theirfore when oppertunity served, in the morning he tooke me -into a private corner, and told me that I was to be examined in a -rigorus way by the hangman the next day after uppon some artickles that -my comrade had brought along with him from Bourdeaux, and that I might -give the better heed to his words he made a circumstantiall relation to -me of all what had passed at Bourdeaux with me, and what was lately -mentioned concerning this new plott,<a name="page_89" id="page_89"></a> adviseing me to absent myselfe if -I loved my life and safety. Further said he, 'the reason that you are -not yet areasted is, because your comrade told them that you are quite -bare of moneys, and that you intend this day to take up some from your -marchant; they will not lay hold of you till you have taken so much as -you will that they may have the better booty, theirfore they let you goe -freely whether you will, for they all think that you suspect nothing of -their designe.'</p> - -<p>Now I came to see the trueth of the suspition I conceived the day before -upon the roade, but being aquainted with the greediness of my -adversaryes, I made the use of it. When I had beene forth in the morning -and taken up some money of my marchant, I retourned againe to my -tretcherous comrade, at my dinner tyme imparting to him that I had beene -with my marchant to receive of him 500 livers, but he having not the -money ready in the morning desired me to come about three or foure of -the clock in the afternoon. This pollicy I used because I durst not -venture to make an escape in the day tyme for feare of being watched by -some body, but in the darke I thought I might goe any whether. The Lord -blessed my endeavour accordingly, for this excuse of myne concerning the -receiving the<a name="page_90" id="page_90"></a> money was taken for a reall trueth, so that they suffered -me to goe forth againe in the afternoon, not doubting my retourn, for to -make all sure I bought in the forenoon a couple of books and some -lining, and left them on the table in my chamber in the presence of my -comrade with my pistolls and sword and other necessaryes in a little -port-mantle.</p> - -<p>Now when night drew on that it was a little duskish I bought another -sword, a pockett pistoll, a paire of shooes, and a leather bagg the -which I filled with bread. Having made this provision I crossed the -river of Seine in a boate, I intending to goe on foot to Caen in -Normandie, which was some 28 leagues from Roan, their to look for some -English ship wherin I might be transported to England. For brevity sake -I forbeare to make any relation of the pertickulars of every day. Only -because hue and cry followed me close where ever I came I durst not come -neare any towne or house, but was constraned to keepe the open feild -twelve dayes together, or for the most part in sollitary woods, dureing -which tyme their was a most vehement frost, and the ground was all -covered with snow wherby I was often dogged as a hart by his track. For -eight dayes I could neither sit nor lye downe<a name="page_91" id="page_91"></a> but where I was first -faine to bestow halfe an houres worke to cleare the snow from the -ground; and above all the rest the night after the fifth of February -proved most pernicious to my feet, for the night and day before their -was a great storme with snow and tempest, wherby the ground became so -deeply covered with snow, that as I was marching the night after, every -step I made I trode halfe and somtymes whole knee deep in the snow. By -which meanes the snow melting upon my leggs and runing downe into my -shooes, my stockins began to be frozen to my toes like as it were a cold -stone before I was awar of it; for whilest I was in motion I thought no -snow could indanger me, how wet soever my feet were, but having lost all -the feeling out of them, I did not presently pull of my stockings as -soone as I came to sit still, and that while the frost gott such an -advantage upon me that it would have cost me both my feet had I not -bouried them after the sun was up in a heape of snow, wherby the frost -was drawn out againe, yet the flesh about the great and little toe of my -left foot being past recovering I was forced to have it cut of as soone -as I had oppertunity of tyme and place.</p> - -<p>During this progresse I had no other sustenance<a name="page_92" id="page_92"></a> but what I brought out -of Roan, and what afterwards I got with great hazard of my life. The -provision that I carried out of Roan with me lasted three dayes, having -fasted after that was spent two dayes, I ventured in the duske of the -evening into a little towne called Bullie, their to buy some bread, -thinking that no body would take notice of me at such a tyme in the -evening. But as soone as I was gott into the towne, the townesmen being -informed of my coming before hand by two travillers, which on horseback -overtooke me a little before I gott to the towne, besett presently the -two passages of the towne with a gaurd, while they went to consult how -to lay hold on me in a more legall way. For the towne lyeing close to -the river and backed with very steep and unaccessable hills had but two -passages to come in and out, which being guarded though they let me goe -about the towne, yet they counted me as sure in their hands as if they -had had me in a safer coustody. Perceiveing this, as soone as I came -into the towne by the people staring and mocking me, I forgot my hunger, -and could not looke for bread, but only meanes to get out of the towne -againe. And it being now become quite darke I tourned up and downe in -the towne till I gott out of the peoples sight, makeing towards the -other passages<a name="page_93" id="page_93"></a> which were a musket shott without the towne, theire to -try whether I could make some shift to steale by the guards (for I had -beene formerly a little aquainted with the place as I travailed through -it foure moneths before that tyme); but coming to the passage I found it -altogether impossible to gett by, the place being so narrow and the -guards so carefull, and while I was walking under the hills not farre -from that passage their came two men with fowling peeces on their -shouldiers from the guard upon me before I was awar of it, intending to -goe home to supper and leave me to my selfe assuring themselves that I -could not escape any whether. Then I went from one place to another -making severall endevours to get through, but I wearyed myselfe in -vaine, till about eleven of the clock at night I tooke a resolution to -try whether I could try the hills (though they were such as that I -beleeive no body since the creation had made use of that way before me). -Yet the Lord (to disapoint my enimies in their devices) carried me over -the same, after I had beene climbing from one hill to another some three -houres, and the hilt of my sword and my knife were the cheife meanes to -get over these steep places, I could take no hold with them in the -rubbish that lay upon the<a name="page_94" id="page_94"></a> rocks while I crept upon my hands and knees -upwards.</p> - -<p>The Lord having thus wonderfully delivered me even out of the trap, -after I had overcome the hills I lodged myselfe in a wood hard by. For -those hills had so exhausted me of all my strength that I was not able -to march any whether that night, but I continued their that night and -the next day. The night after I marched againe till I came in the -morning before another market towne, where once I had marched through in -the midst of the night being the third night after I came from Roan, but -I was now come hither againe accidentally by a mistake caused by the -cloudy weather (for having beene neer halfe the way to Caen, till I came -to see the impossibillity of getting through, espetially my feet being -spoiled by the frost, I was now upon my back way to Roan to seek some -English ship for my last refuge); and finding the conveniency of a small -wood neare to the said towne to conceale myselfe theirin all the day -following I remained their with an intention to goe, like as I did two -dayes before, in the duske of the evening into the said towne to buy -some bread before any body would take notice of me, not fearing in the -meane while any would be privy to my being their now.<a name="page_95" id="page_95"></a></p> - -<p>Whether the two men that met me in the morning before day at the -townes-end, or whether a boy that saw me by chance in the wood at noon -had betrayed me I know not, but all the towne knew that I was in the -wood, setting watchmen on the top of the hill, where they knew that I -must needs come forth whensoever I left the wood unlesse I would goe -through the towne (which they did not expect), while they sent for halfe -a dozen of the Duke de Longevilles guard (which when I saw goe all in -the Duke's livery having white crosses on their backs) on purpose to -apprehend me in the wood, which might easily be affected, the wood being -little and not very thick, runing up from the valley hard by the end of -the towne to the top of the hill. Now before the guard came it was about -sun-set, theirfore not to loose any more tyme many of the townes people -great and small went with them to the top of the hill, their to begin to -search for me and so continue downwards, for on the top of the hill were -the thickest bushes, and their also was I discovered at noon by the boy; -but being then frighted with the boy I was before evening crept downe -into the valley under the banck side by the high way, and their I lay -till I heard and saw the multitude with the guard to passe by me, then -tarrying<a name="page_96" id="page_96"></a> till they were all got to the top of the hill, and seing no -body to hinder me from coming into the towne, I rose and went into the -towne, buying some bread while no body was their to opose me, though all -those that saw me cryed out upon me, saying 'this is the theife they -seeke,' calling for those that were appointed to take me, and sending -after them to the top of the hill, which required above a quarter of an -houre to get up. Yet because others had undertaken the charge to -apprehend me, no body would make it his proper duty to lay hands on me, -especially seing me armed with a sword and pistoll. Being thus -fournished with bread I went out againe as free as I came in, getting -out of the other end of the towne, and having the aproaching night to -friend me I stole away under the hedges before any of the said guard or -catchpools could retourne from the hill and be ready to follow me.</p> - -<p>After this wonderfull deliverance and releife I marched the same and the -next night till I came before Roan againe. And being within an English -mile of the towne I searched for a place to hide myselfe among the -bushes all the day longe till in the evening I might gett over the -river, and goe into the towne, their to putt into practice my intentions -before mentioned; but as I was thus busie their<a name="page_97" id="page_97"></a> came by unawarrs two -travillers goeing into the Citty a little before daybreake, these -hearing a noyse among the oake bushes fell a running and cryed 'a -theife,' 'a theife in the bushes,' all the way alonge. This accident -struck me againe with such new frights that I durst not goe to the Citty -the next evening, according to my former intentions, for feare their -should be waite laid for me at my enterance into the Citty. So I -deferred my enterance for three dayes longer, although I were sure to -fast all the tyme, for my bread that I lately bought before I came so -farr was neare spent. For the said reason I lay their from Saturday -morning till Munday night<a name="FNanchor_30_30" id="FNanchor_30_30"></a><a href="#Footnote_30_30" class="fnanchor">[30]</a>, and then I went in the name of the Lord -into the towne, yet leaving my sword and cloake behinde me in the wood -least they should betray me at the water side.</p> - -<p>After I gott into the Citty my first care was to refresh my selfe with -meate and drinke, and then I sought for a ship. The God of all comfort -and Father of all mercyes, intending now to put a period to my longe -continued afflictions, was pleased to prosper my endeavours, and to -direct me to a man that was both faithfull and willing to take care for -my security, granting me the use of his ship for my<a name="page_98" id="page_98"></a> transportation for -the summe of fifty pounds sterling. Being got on ship board and come -againe into warme lodgeing my feet began to be altogether uselesse to -me, and full of raging paine, my frozen toes began now to rott, and were -in great danger of loosing altogether, for I had hitherto no tyme for -convenience to aply any thing to them, nor could I by what meanes soever -recover the flesh that was cutt of the bones till the begining of May -following. Because of the contrariety of windes and other impedements we -were faine to lye in the River of Sceine till the 21<sup>th</sup> of March, then -we set saile and came into the Downes on the 23<sup>d</sup> of the same, the -same day after I came to London againe.</p> - -<p>Now the Lord had tourned my mourning into joy and gladnesse againe, in -granting me the sight of that day wherof I had many hundred tymes -dispaired of before. Great and unspeakable have beene the sufferings of -my body, but farr greater and even beyond all expression have beene the -sufferings of my minde. Had I had a thousand worlds in my possession I -would freely have given them all for my liberty, and made choyce besides -to live in the condition of the meanest beggar all the dayes of my life, -if I might have beene freed from those horrid feares which at severall -tymes suppressed my spirit with<a name="page_99" id="page_99"></a> such a weight as if heaven and earth -had laid upon my shouldiers. My burthen was so much the heavier the -lesse hopes that I had ever to be eased of it, when I tasted and felt in -the highest degree all the greife and anguish that poverty, nakednesse, -hunger, frost, and the most tiranicall persecution that cruell enimyes -could ever inflict upon any mortall body. I could looke for ease no -where but from death it selfe, who would have beene my most welcome -friend, so it had not beene accompanied with so cruell and exquesite -torments as my enimyes threatened me withall.</p> - -<p>But blessed and for ever blessed be the Lord, who doth great and -marvillous things without number; who disappointeth the devices of the -crafty, so that their hands cannot performe their enterprize; who -delivereth the poore from him that is too stronge for him; he woundeth -and he healeth again; he bringeth downe to the grave and raiseth up -againe; he hath not suffered my foes to rejoyce over me, nor given me as -a prey to their teeth; he hath beene my sanctuary, my refuge, and my -stronge tower from the enimye; he hath saved me from the reproach of -those that would have swallowed me up; he hath revived me in the midst -of my troubles; he hath delivered my soule from death, myne eyes from -teares, my feet from<a name="page_100" id="page_100"></a> falling; he hath not dispised the affliction of -the afflicted, neither hath he hidden his face from me, but when I cryed -unto him he heard me; he hath given me my harts desire, and added a -length to my dayes. To him only belongeth all praise and thanksgiving -for evermore. Amen.<a name="page_101" id="page_101"></a></p> - -<h2><a name="NOTES" id="NOTES"></a>NOTES</h2> - -<p><b>P. <a href="#page_5">5</a></b>, l. 20. Blaye is on the east side of the estuary of the Gironde. It -had in 1876, according to Reclus, a population of 4,500 souls.</p> - -<p><b>P. <a href="#page_15">15</a></b>, l. 9. 'Graffe,' i.e. a ditch or moat. Richard Symonds describes -Borstall house as defended by 'a pallazado without the graffe; a deepe -graffe and wide, full of water.' <i>Diary</i>, p. 231.</p> - -<p><b>P. <a href="#page_17">17</a></b>, l. 4. Pullitor, apparently the same place as Pulliac mentioned on -p. 40, i.e. Pauillac or Pauilhac, a 'chef-lieu de canton' in the -department of the Gironde, on the west side of the estuary nearer the -mouth than Blaye. It contained in 1876 a population of 4,150.</p> - -<p><b>P. <a href="#page_31">31</a></b>, l. 20. 'mandring,' i.e. maundering. Nares in his glossary defines -maunder as meaning to mutter or grumble.</p> - -<p><b>P. <a href="#page_53">53</a></b>, l. 21. 'pootered beef,' i.e. salt or spiced beef, usually termed -'powdered beef.'</p> - -<p><b>P. <a href="#page_54">54</a></b>, l. 19. 'The Spanish fleet.' A Spanish fleet entered the mouth of -the Gironde some weeks after the surrender of Bordeaux, and made several -futile attempts to sail up to that city. It left the river about the end -of<a name="page_102" id="page_102"></a> October, 1653, having accomplished nothing. In Israell Bernhard's -(or rather Hane's) letter to Thurloe from Rochelle, dated November 15, -1653, he writes: 'The river of Bourdeaux is wholly cleered of the -Spanish fleet, as I did relate unto you in my last, dated the 8 of this -month; only we live in jealousies and feares lest they should return -again, to the great hindrance of all trading from these parts.' -<i>Thurloe</i>, i. 578; Chéruel, <i>Ministère de Mazarin</i>, ii. 85.</p> - -<p><b>P. <a href="#page_67">67</a></b>, l. 13. 'fistling,' possibly whistling.</p> - -<p><b>P. <a href="#page_70">70</a></b>, l. 22. 'luggish.' This word is explained in Halliwell's -glossary as an adjective meaning dull or heavy. The sense here seems to -require 'luggishness,' i.e. sluggishness or heaviness. 'Lugge,' meaning -slug or sluggard, is applied by Ascham in his <i>Toxophilus</i> to a bow -which is 'slow of cast.'</p> - -<p><b>P. <a href="#page_74">74</a></b>, l. 18. 'burick,' compare p. 78, l. 1, 'beverick.' The word -usually employed to describe this liquor is 'beverage,' which is defined -in the <i>New English Dictionary</i> as: 'The liquor made by pouring water -over the pressed grapes after the wine has been drawn off.'</p> - -<p><b>P. <a href="#page_79">79</a></b>, l. 19. 'strick.' This word probably means a flat piece of board. -Nares in his glossary (ed. Halliwell and Wright) explains 'strickle' as -meaning an instrument for levelling corn, &c. in the measuring, and -gives the following examples:</p> - -<div class="blockquot"><p>'The <i>strickler</i> is a thing that goes along with the measure, which -is a straight board with a staffe fixed in the side, to draw over -corn in measuring, that it exceed not the height of the -measure.'—<i>Randle Holme's Acad. of Armory</i>, p. 337.<a name="page_103" id="page_103"></a></p> - -<p>'A <i>stritchill</i>: a <i>stricke</i>: a long and round peece of wood like a -rolling pinne (with us it is flat), wherewith measures are made -even.'—<i>Nomenclator.</i></p></div> - -<p>At a pinch such a bit of wood might serve as a paddle.</p> - -<p><b>P. <a href="#page_79">79</a></b>, l. 22. 'Chartrux.' The Quai des Chartrons?</p> - -<p><b>P. <a href="#page_81">81</a></b>, l. 19. 'progenety,' i.e. progenetrix.</p> - -<p><b>P. <a href="#page_91">91</a></b>, l. 18. 'bouried.' The reading of the MS. is 'bourned,' but the -sense seemed to require the alteration made in the text.</p> - -<p><b>P. <a href="#page_92">92</a></b>, l. 5. 'Bullie,' probably Bully, a village in the department of -Calvados, about eight or ten miles south of Caen.</p> - -<p><b>P. <a href="#page_98">98</a></b>, l. 13. The MS. reads: 'came into the Downes the 23d of the same, -the same day after I came to London againe.'</p> - -<p> </p> - -<p>The punctuation of the manuscript has been altered wherever the sense -seemed to require it, and missing words occasionally supplied by the -editor.</p> - -<p class="c">THE END.<a name="page_104" id="page_104"></a></p> - -<p class="c">Oxford</p> - -<p class="c">HORACE HART, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY</p> - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="cb">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> <i>Cal. State Papers Dom.</i> 1649-50, pp. 418, 541.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> <i>Scotland and the Commonwealth</i>, pp. 2, 11, 28, 154, 157, -161.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> Guizot, <i>Cromwell and the English Commonwealth</i>, i. 267.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> <i>Report on the Duke of Portland's MSS.</i>, i. 641.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_5" id="Footnote_5_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> Guizot, <i>Cromwell and the English Commonwealth</i>, i. 212, -237.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_6"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> Barrière to Condé, July 4, 1653.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7_7" id="Footnote_7_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_7"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> <i>Thurloe Papers</i>, i. 320.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8_8" id="Footnote_8_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_8"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> <i>Cal. State Papers Dom.</i> 1654, p. 160.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_9_9" id="Footnote_9_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9_9"><span class="label">[9]</span></a> Chéruel, <i>La France sous le ministère de Mazarin</i>, i. 56; -Cousin, <i>Madame de Longueville pendant la Fronde</i>, p. 464.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_10_10" id="Footnote_10_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_10"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> <i>King Charles his Case</i>, 1649.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_11_11" id="Footnote_11_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_11_11"><span class="label">[11]</span></a> <i>Thurloe</i>, ii. 657.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_12_12" id="Footnote_12_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_12_12"><span class="label">[12]</span></a> Barrière to Condé, Feb. 20, 1654.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_13_13" id="Footnote_13_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_13_13"><span class="label">[13]</span></a> Chéruel, <i>Histoire de France sous le Ministère de -Mazarin</i>, ii. 381; Guizot, <i>Cromwell and the English Commonwealth</i>, ii. -427, 460, 470, 496.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_14_14" id="Footnote_14_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_14_14"><span class="label">[14]</span></a> Burnet, <i>Own Time</i>, i. 120, 133, ed. 1833.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_15_15" id="Footnote_15_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_15_15"><span class="label">[15]</span></a> The date of Stouppe's mission is not easy to fix. M. -Chéruel first puts it in 1651, but on second thoughts assigns it to 1653 -(<i>Ministère de Mazarin</i>, i. 63, ii. 81). A letter from Barrière, dated -Feb. 20, 1654, seems to refer to the sending of Stouppe, and he was -certainly at Paris early in that year.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_16_16" id="Footnote_16_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_16_16"><span class="label">[16]</span></a> Barrière to Condé, Dec. 25, 1654.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_17_17" id="Footnote_17_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_17_17"><span class="label">[17]</span></a> <i>Nicholas Papers</i>, ii. 14.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_18_18" id="Footnote_18_18"></a><a href="#FNanchor_18_18"><span class="label">[18]</span></a> <i>The Interest of Princes and States</i>, 1680, p. 319.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_19_19" id="Footnote_19_19"></a><a href="#FNanchor_19_19"><span class="label">[19]</span></a> Ludlow, <i>Memoirs</i>, i. 415, ed. 1894.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_20_20" id="Footnote_20_20"></a><a href="#FNanchor_20_20"><span class="label">[20]</span></a> <i>Thurloe Papers</i>, i. 553, 578.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_21_21" id="Footnote_21_21"></a><a href="#FNanchor_21_21"><span class="label">[21]</span></a> On these events see Chéruel, <i>Ministère de Mazarin</i>, i. -44-7. The royalist sentiment in the letter is assumed.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_22_22" id="Footnote_22_22"></a><a href="#FNanchor_22_22"><span class="label">[22]</span></a> For these extracts I am indebted to the kindness of Dr. S. -R. Gardiner, who has allowed me to use the transcripts of Barrière's -correspondence with Condé, placed at his disposal by the Duc d'Aumale. -The originals of the letters are preserved at Chantilly, and the copies -quoted were made by M. Gustave Macon, the librarian and archivist of the -Duc d'Aumale.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_23_23" id="Footnote_23_23"></a><a href="#FNanchor_23_23"><span class="label">[23]</span></a> <i>Cal. State Papers Dom.</i> 1654, p. 160.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_24_24" id="Footnote_24_24"></a><a href="#FNanchor_24_24"><span class="label">[24]</span></a> <i>Commons Journals</i>, vii. 343; <i>Cal. State Papers Dom.</i> -1653-4, p. 23. In the index to the Calendar Hane is confused with Col. -James Heane, governor of Weymouth.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_25_25" id="Footnote_25_25"></a><a href="#FNanchor_25_25"><span class="label">[25]</span></a> <i>Commons Journals</i>, vii. 524; Burton's <i>Parliamentary -Diary</i>, ii. 61; <i>Cal. State Papers Dom.</i> 1654, pp. 220, 269.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_26_26" id="Footnote_26_26"></a><a href="#FNanchor_26_26"><span class="label">[26]</span></a> <i>Thurloe</i>, vi. 525, 537, 547; vii. 306, 319, 328.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_27_27" id="Footnote_27_27"></a><a href="#FNanchor_27_27"><span class="label">[27]</span></a> November 28.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_28_28" id="Footnote_28_28"></a><a href="#FNanchor_28_28"><span class="label">[28]</span></a> Jan. 17.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_29_29" id="Footnote_29_29"></a><a href="#FNanchor_29_29"><span class="label">[29]</span></a> Jan. 30.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_30_30" id="Footnote_30_30"></a><a href="#FNanchor_30_30"><span class="label">[30]</span></a> Feb. 17.</p></div> - -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's The Journal of Joachim Hane, by Joachim Hane - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE JOURNAL OF JOACHIM HANE *** - -***** This file should be named 50158-h.htm or 50158-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/0/1/5/50158/ - -Produced by Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images available at The Internet Archive) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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