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+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
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+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #50137 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/50137)
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-The Project Gutenberg EBook of Narrative of the Battle of Cowan's Ford,
-February 1st, 1781, by Robert Henry
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
-the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
-to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
-
-Title: Narrative of the Battle of Cowan's Ford, February 1st, 1781
-
-Author: Robert Henry
-
-Release Date: October 5, 2015 [EBook #50137]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BATTLE OF COWAN'S FORD, 1781 ***
-
-
-
-
-Produced by readbueno and the Online Distributed
-Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
-produced from images generously made available by The
-Internet Archive)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- NARRATIVE
-
- OF THE
-
- BATTLE OF COWAN’S FORD,
-
- FEBRUARY 1ST, 1781,
-
- BY ROBERT HENRY,
-
- AND
-
- Narrative of the Battle of Kings Mountain,
- BY CAPTAIN DAVID VANCE.
-
- MANUSCRIPT PRESERVED BY ROBERT HENRY, ESQ.
-
- COPY FURNISHED BY LYMAN C. DRAPER, LL. D.,
-
- OF MADISON, WISCONSIN.
-
- PUBLISHED BY D. SCHENCK, SR.
-
- Greensboro, N. C., March 28th, 1891.
-
- Reece & Elam, Printers
-
-
-
-
- PREFACE.
-
-
-Having seen the following most valuable and interesting narrative quoted
-very often in “KING’S MOUNTAIN AND ITS HEROES,” written by Lyman C.
-Draper, L.L.D., of Wisconsin, I wrote the Doctor with a view of
-obtaining the original manuscript if possible, but was unable to procure
-it. He however very generously intrusted to me the following copy which
-he had himself “carefully transcribed” from the original paper in his
-hands, in January 1874, and which had been sent to him by Dr. J. F. E.
-Hardy, of Asheville, North Carolina. The original manuscript had been
-placed in Dr. Hardy’s possession by Wm. L. Henry, of Buncombe County, a
-son of Robert Henry—William L. Henry is still living.
-
-In a note to “King’s Mountain and its Heroes,” page 259, is the
-following brief sketch of Robert Henry, who was wise enough to preserve
-this contribution to our Revolutionary history—to-wit:
-
-“Mr. Henry was born in a rail pen, in then Rowan,[1] now Iredell county,
-North Carolina, January 10th 1765. Full of patriotism though young, he
-shared in the trials and perils of the Revolution, and in due time
-recovered from the severe wounds he received at King’s Mountain. In
-1795, he was one of the party who ran the boundary line between North
-Carolina and Tennessee. He subsequently studied law, and practiced his
-profession many years in Buncombe County. He served in the House of
-Commons in 1833 and 1834. He was a clear and forcible public speaker;
-and his memory deserves to be held in grateful remembrance for
-preserving the narrative of the King’s Mountain campaign and battle, so
-frequently cited in this work. He died in the new County of Clay, North
-Carolina, January 6th, 1863, within four days of attaining the
-patriarchal age of ninety-eight years, and he was undoubtedly the last
-of the heroes of King’s Mountain.”
-
-Robert Henry lived in the vicinity of Tuckaseage Ford, on the Catawba
-river, which is about ten miles below Cowan’s Ford, when Cornwallis
-crossed at the latter ford. He lived on the West side of the river in
-Lincoln County. For many years he owned the White Sulphur Springs about
-five miles South west of Asheville. It was a popular resort in the
-summer for the wealthy planters from the South and was the scene of much
-gayety and pleasure. Mr. Henry died in Clay County, the extreme Western
-county of the State, bordering on Georgia and Tennessee. I have myself
-heard my grandfather Michael Schenck, of Lincolnton, N. C., speak of Mr.
-Henry as “a great land lawyer.” His practice as a surveyor, no doubt,
-making him formidable in such suits.
-
-The public is indebted to the Hon. Theodore F. Davidson, Attorney
-General of North Carolina, and a great-grandson of Captain David Vance,
-for the publication of this narrative.
-
- D. SCHENCK, SENIOR.
-
-Greensboro, N. C., March the 28th, 1891.
-
-Footnote 1:
-
- This is manifestly an error. He was born in Tryon. See W. L. Henry’s
- letter to Dr. Hardy. Tryon was changed to Lincoln County. Lincoln was
- divided and Mr. Henry’s birthplace is in the present Gaston county.
-
-
-
-
- ROBERT HENRY’S NARRATIVE.
-
- KING’S MOUNTAIN BATTLE, &c.
-
-
-TO DR. J. F. E. HARDY,
-
- Asheville, N. C.:
-
- _My Dear Sir, and Kind Friend_:
-
-I send you the MS. of my father, ROBERT HENRY. He was born in Tryon (now
-Lincoln) county, N. C., _in a rail pen_, 10th February, 1765; was a
-lawyer and surveyor by profession; was one of the first settlers in
-Buncombe county; taught School on Swannanoa, the first school taught in
-Buncombe county. He died in Clay county, N. C., February 6th, 1863,
-wanting but four days of being 98 years old. THOMAS HENRY, his father,
-died soon after the Revolution, of rheumatism contracted during the war.
-THOMAS HENRY was from the North of Ireland.
-
-I do not want this manuscript lost, as you see it is in ROBERT HENRY’S
-own hand, and a little relic. If not used, I should like it should be
-returned to
-
- Respectfully,
-
- WM. L. HENRY,
-
- ASHEVILLE,
-
- Buncombe County, N. C.
-
-
-
-
- ROBERT HENRY’S NARRATIVE.
-
-
-I will proceed to point out and correct some of the errors in WHEELER’S
-HISTORY of North Carolina, so far as respects the transactions of
-Cornwallis crossing Cowan’s Ford, on Catawba river, the 1st of February,
-1781; then I will give my own version of that transaction; then I will
-give the common report of the transaction shortly after it happened.
-
-Wheeler’s History, p. 232-33: “Here” (meaning at Cowan’s Ford) “about
-six hundred militia under General Davidson were posted, and a slight
-skirmish occurred. A British Colonel (Hall) and three privates were
-killed, and thirty-six wounded.”
-
-If we take this account to be true, we must conclude that these militia
-were very bad marksmen, for they had time to have fired five rounds
-each, which would have been three thousand single shots, at distances
-varying from fifty yards to less than twenty yards, over a naked sheet
-of water; that their enemy was not obscured by smoke, being in water
-above the waist-band, and hanging together by their muskets; that not a
-single gun was fired by them whilst in the water. This story, if it
-bears telling, cannot be accredited to be true, that in firing three
-thousand single shots they only killed four, including Col. Hall, and
-wounded thirty-six. The story appears further incredible from this—that
-in common battles on land, there are as many, and often more, men killed
-than wounded where the whole force from head to foot is exposed to fire
-of the opposite party. In the present case, the body, from above the
-waist-band to the top of the head was exposed—for all below was under
-water and secure from lead. Wounds in the upper part [of the body] are
-doubly as apt to kill as those in the lower extremities, from the
-waist-band downward; hence we would expect double as many killed on this
-occasion as wounded—but the reverse is told, that only four were killed,
-including Col. Hall, and thirty-six wounded.
-
-A further mistake may be noticed. The account states that Davidson had
-six hundred militia, whereas he had only three hundred. The whole of
-this quotation should pass for nothing.
-
-The next error that I will notice is on page 235 of Wheeler’s History,
-which I quote: “Soon after the action commenced” (meaning at Cowan’s
-Ford) “General William Davidson was killed, greatly lamented by all who
-knew him as a talented, brave and generous officer.” The true statement
-is this: Davidson was killed by the first gun that was fired on the
-British side on that occasion, for they did not fire a gun whilst in the
-river; and the gun that killed him was fired at the water’s edge on the
-Mecklenburg side; and if Davidson’s clothes had been examined, it is
-probable that they would have shown the mark of powder. The whole of the
-Americans had left their stands or posts at the water’s edge and
-judiciously fled, lest the British might hem them in by the river; and
-an utter silence prevailed—not a gun firing on either side: Silence was
-first broken by the report of the gun that killed Davidson.
-
-A further quotation from the same page: “The Company commanded by Gen.
-Graham was the first to commence the attack” (at Cowan’s Ford) “on the
-British as they advanced through the river, which was resolutely
-continued until they reached the bank, loaded their arms, and commenced
-a heavy fire upon his men, two of whom were killed.” The whole of this
-is a gratuitous statement, for Gen. Graham was not there—nor was there
-either officer or private killed at that place except Gen. Davidson; nor
-was there any one wounded there except Robert Beatty, who afterwards
-died of the wound. Gen. Graham and his company may have been at
-Davidson’s camp, three quarters of a mile from the Ford, and two of his
-men might have been killed there, if they were too tardy in making their
-escape before the British arrived there.
-
-Another quotation from Wheeler’s History, p. 264: “At day break the
-British army under Cornwallis, on the 1st February, 1781, entered the
-waters of Catawba, then swollen by heavy rains, at Cowan’s Ford. The
-morning was dark and rainy. The light infantry under Col. Hall entered
-first, followed by the grenadiers and the battalions. The piquet of Gen.
-Davidson challenged the enemy; receiving no reply the guard fired. This
-turned out the whole force of Davidson, who kept up a galling fire from
-the bank.”
-
-Observe the morning was dark but not rainy. Davidson’s army was
-stationed three quarters of a mile from the Ford, and did not fire a gun
-at the British whilst in the river, nor after they came across; all the
-firing by the American side in the river and on the bank was done by the
-guard.
-
-Now, I will give my own version of the transaction of Cornwallis
-crossing Catawba River at Cowan’s Ford, 1st February, 1781. Robert
-Beatty, a lame man, had taken up a school near the Tuckaseage Ford, and
-had taught two days, and was teaching the third, when news came to the
-School-house that Cornwallis was camped at Forney’s, about seven miles
-from the School-house; that Tarleton was ranging through the country
-catching whig boys to make musicians of them in the British army. The
-master instantly dismissed the scholars, directing them to go home and
-spread the news, and retired himself. I went home, and that night Moses
-Starret, Alexander Starret, George Gillespie, Robert Gillespie, and
-Charles Rutledge came to my father’s! We lay out that night, and shortly
-before day-light my brother, Joseph Henry, who had left the army to give
-the news, and had crossed Catawba at John Beattie’s in a canoe; and when
-he left the army, it was expected that Cornwallis would cross the river
-at Tuckaseage Ford. Early in the morning this company crossed the river
-at Beatties, about two miles below Tuckaseage Ford, where we hid our
-canoe, staid some time at Beatties’—then went up to the Tuckaseage Ford,
-and the army was at Cowan’s Ford, we went up the river to John
-Nighten’s, who treated us well by giving us potatoes to roast, and some
-whisky to drink. We became noisy and mischievous. Nighten said we should
-not have any more whisky. I proposed to go to the camp at the Ford, if
-any one would let me have a gun and ammunition. My brother said he would
-give me his; Charles Rutledge proposed also to accompany me if he had a
-gun and ammunition; when Moses Starret gave him his gun. When about to
-start, I gave Nighten a hundred dollar Continental bill for a half a
-pint of whisky. My brother gave another bill of the same size for half a
-bushel of potatoes. We dispatched the whiskey. Being thus equipped, we
-went to the Ford, which was about a mile and a half. When we arrived,
-the guard that was there, thirty in number, made us welcome; the officer
-of the guard told us that Cornwallis would certainly attempt to cross
-that night or early in the morning; that each one of the guard had
-picked their stands to annoy the British as they crossed, so that when
-the alarm was given they would not be crowded, or be in each other’s
-way—and said we must choose our stands. He accompanied us—Charles
-Rutledge chose the uppermost stand, and I chose the lowest, next the
-getting out place of the Ford; the officer observed, that he considered
-that Davidson had done wrong, for that the army should have been
-stationed at the Ford—instead of which it was encamped three-fourths of
-a mile off, and that some person acquainted in the neighborhood of
-Forney should watch the movements of Cornwallis’ army, and immediately
-when they would attempt to march, to hasten to the river and give the
-alarm; then that Davidson’s army might be in readiness to receive them;
-the river being in the situation that it was then in, and the army thus
-prepared to receive them, said that Cornwallis and a million of men
-could not cross without cannon as long as our ammunition would last.
-This I thought was a large expression; but since I think he was
-correct.[2] He mentioned to each man of the guard to go to his stand
-again and examine it, so that when the alarm was given, that there
-should be no mistakes then made. I went to mine, and was well pleased
-with it—for in shooting, if I would miss my first aim, my lead would
-range along the British army obliquely and still do damage, and that I
-could stand it until the British would come to a place the water was
-riffling over a rock, then it would be time to run away. I remember that
-I looked over the guard to see if there was any person with whom I was
-acquainted, and found none but Joel Jetton, and my lame school-master,
-Robert Beatty, with my comrade, Charles Rutledge.
-
-Gen. Joseph Graham’s name is mentioned by Wheeler. I was acquainted with
-him; but he was not there. Shortly after dark a man across the river
-hooted like an owl, and was answered; a man went to a canoe some
-distance off, and brought word from him that all was silent in the
-British camp. The guard all lay down with their guns in their arms, and
-all were sound asleep at day-break, except Joel Jetton, who discovered
-the noise of horses in deep water. The British pilot, Dick Beal being
-deceived by our fires, had led them into swimming water. Jetton ran to
-the Ford, the sentry being sound asleep, Jetton kicked him into the
-river, endeavored to fire his gun, but it was wet: Having discovered the
-army, ran to our fires, having a fine voice, cried “the British! the
-British!” and fired a gun—then each man ran to his stand; when I got to
-my stand, I saw them red, but thought from loss of sleep my eyes might
-be mistaken, threw water into them; by the time I was ready to fire, the
-rest of the guard had fired. I then heard the British splashing and
-making a noise as if drowning. I fired, and continued firing until I saw
-that one on horse-back had passed my rock in the river, and saw that it
-was Dick Beal moving his gun from his shoulder, I expected, to shoot me.
-I ran with all speed up the bank, and when at the top of it, William
-Polk’s horse breasted me, and Gen. Davidson’s horse, about twenty or
-thirty feet before Polk’s horse, and near to the water’s edge. All being
-silent on both sides, I heard the report of a gun, at the water’s edge,
-being the first gun fired on the British side, and which I thought Dick
-Beal had fired at me. That moment Polk wheeled his horse, and cried
-“fire away, boys; there is help at hand.” Turning my eye round,
-designing to run away, I saw my lame school-master, Beatty, loading his
-gun by a tree; I thought I could stand it as long as he could, and
-commenced loading. Beatty fired, then I fired, the heads and shoulders
-of the British being just above the bank; they made no return fire;
-silence still prevailed. I observed Beatty loading again; I ran down
-another load—when he fired, he cried “it’s time to run, Bob.” I looked
-past my tree, and saw their guns lowered, and then straightened myself
-behind my tree. They fired and knocked off some bark from my tree.
-
-In the meantime Beatty had turned from his tree, and a bullet hit him in
-the hip, and broke the upper end of his thigh bone; he fell, still
-hallowing for me to run. I then ran at the top of my speed about one
-hundred yards, when a thought struck me that the British had no horsemen
-to follow me, and that Davidson’s army would be down at the river, and a
-battle would take place. Whereupon I loaded my gun, and went opposite to
-the Ford, and chose a large tree, sat down by it, and fired about fifty
-yards at the British. They fired several guns toward the place where I
-was; but their lead did not come nearer to me than about two rods.
-
-I will now account for the great difference between the number of the
-British killed and those wounded, as stated by Wheeler. The water at the
-Ford was fully waist-band deep, and in many places much deeper, with a
-very heavy pressing current, and when a man was killed or badly wounded,
-the current immediately floated him away, so that none of them that were
-killed or badly wounded were ever brought to the shore; and none but
-those slightly wounded reached the bank; Col. Hall fell at the bank—I
-account for the three British that were killed as stated by Wheeler, in
-this way: Beatty, the lame schoolmaster, an excellent marksman, fired
-twice, at a distance of not more than twenty yards, at the British,
-after they had ascended the high bank, as before stated; and I fired
-twice about the same distance. I therefore think Beatty being the best
-marksman killed two, and I killed one.
-
-Wheeler states that on the American side there were two killed: I
-observe, if there was any one killed that it was not at the river, for
-the British did not fire a gun whilst in the river, and when they arose
-the high bank, all were gone but Beatty and myself; that if any were
-killed, it was at Davidson’s camp, three quarters of a mile from the
-Ford of the river. But I never heard of any one either killed or wounded
-of the Americans except Robert Beatty on that occasion.
-
-I will give an account of the balance of my route after firing the last
-time, as heretofore stated. I went down the river to John Beattie’s,
-where we had left our canoe; there I found my company, the two Starrets,
-the two Gillespies, my brother Joseph, and my comrade Charles Rutledge.
-I returned the gun to my brother after counting the cartridges—found
-seven missing—therefore I had fired seven times, as I supposed. The
-company remained at Beattie’s until the next morning; when we took our
-canoe to cross the river to the Lincoln side, it was proposed that we
-would go to James Cunningham’s fish-trap, and see if there were any fish
-in it. When we arrived at the trap, there were fourteen dead men lodged
-in it, several of whom appeared to have no wound, but had drowned. We
-pushed them into the water, they floated off, and went each to his own
-home. This is my version of that transaction.
-
-Now, I will give the common report of it. I will begin with the report
-of Nicholas Gosnell, one of our neighbors, a Tory, who was in
-Cornwallis’ army when they crossed the Catawba at Cowan’s Ford. It was
-frequently repeated from the extraordinary language he used, and from
-his manner of expression—it is therefore better imprinted on my memory.
-I will endeavor to give it in his own language: “His Lordship chose Dick
-Beal for his pilot, as he well know’d the Ford, and a durned pretty
-pilot he was, for he suffered himself to be led astray by the Rebel
-fires, and then had to go down to the Ford afterwards; but if he did bad
-one way, he did good another, for he killed their damned Rebel General.
-The Rebels were posted at the water’s edge—there wan’t many on ’em; but
-I’ll be durned if they didn’t slap the wad to his Majesty’s men
-suicidally! for a while; for I saw ’em hollerin and a snortin and a
-drownin—the river was full on ’em a snortin, a hollerin and a drownin
-until his Lordship reached the off bank; then the Rebels made straight
-shirt tales, and all was silent—then I tell you his Lordship was Bo sure
-Super gille cristilum [?],[3] and when he rose the bank he was the best
-dog in the hunt, and not a rebel to be seen.” This is the Tory version
-of Cornwallis crossing Catawba at Cowan’s Ford.
-
-The following is the report of every person who lived at or near the
-river between Cowan’s Ford and Tuckaseage Ford: That a great number of
-British dead were found on Thompson’s fish-dam, and in his trap, and
-numbers lodged on brush, and drifted to the banks: that the river stunk
-with dead carcases; that the British could not have lost less than one
-hundred men on that occasion.
-
-Report of soldiers who were in Davidson’s army. When Wm. Polk returned
-from the river after General Davidson was killed at Cowan’s Ford, three
-quarters of a mile from the Ford—they stated that when William Polk
-returned from the Ford, and reported the death of Gen. Davidson, that
-some of the army had left, and the rest were in confusion; that Polk
-prudently marched them off, not being able to fight Cornwallis on equal
-terms.
-
-Footnote 2:
-
- Gen. Greene had admonished Davidson of the danger of Tarleton crossing
- secretly at some private ford and falling on his rear, and for this
- reason he kept his main force at some distance from the river.
-
- D. S.
-
-Footnote 3:
-
- This seems to be some silly slang of that day.
-
-
-
-
- KING’S MOUNTAIN EXPEDITION.
-
-
-I will now give the statement of Col. D. Vance and Gen. Joseph McDowell
-of the manner of raising the army to oppose Col. Ferguson—its march—and
-the defeat of Ferguson.
-
-This part is the statement of Col. Vance; and on a sarcastic and
-sneering reply by M. Matthews saying that they, to wit the army under
-Campbell, was a fierce and formidable set of chickens, and could make
-great havoc among eggs, if each one was provided with a stick. This
-elicited a more extensive reply and statement of the whole affair and
-its consequences from Gen. J. McDowell. I will first give the reasons
-why Vance and McDowell made these statements.
-
-The General Assembly of North Carolina made an agreement with that of
-Tennessee to run and mark the Division line between the two States, and
-in the year 1799, the State of North Carolina appointed Gen. J.
-McDowell, Col. David Vance,[4] and Mussentine Matthews,[5] commissioners
-on the part of North Carolina, who associated John Strother and Robert
-Henry surveyors, with the necessary numbers of chain-bearers, markers,
-and pack-horsemen for that business, who met and went to the White-Top
-Mountain, a spur of the Stone Mountain, where the Virginia line crossed
-the latter. Strother did not appear at the commencement. The company
-were asking a great many detached questions relative to Ferguson’s
-defeat—at length requested that McDowell or Vance would give them a
-connected account of the whole transaction from first to last. It was
-agreed that Col. Vance should give that account. The Colonel agreed to
-do so on consulting with McDowell, our pilot, Gideon Lewis, who had been
-a news-carrier, and myself, [and relate it] on the first wet day that
-should happen so that we could not progress with the line.
-
-Accordingly a wet day happened, when we were at the head of the
-Round-About on the Stone Mountain. Our bark camp was soon fixed, and
-Col. Vance gave the account, ending with the details of the battle of
-King’s Mountain. Whereupon M. Matthews observed that we (meaning the
-army) were a fierce and formidable set of blue hen’s chickens among
-eggs, if each one was provided with a stick. This brought a reply from
-McDowell. That being done, I was provided with a note-book, separate
-from my surveyor’s book, to take down a memorandum of particular things
-that happened, and commenced taking a memorandum of Vance’s account of
-that transaction. Whereupon Col. Vance, who was an elegant clerk, told
-me as there was only one surveyor, that I had not time to do it—and if I
-would give him my book, that he would write it for me, as he had
-leisure. He took the book, and returned it to me, saying he had paper of
-his own, at a Spring by the side of Bright’s Path in the Bald Ground on
-the Yellow Mountain. Having taken down his own recollections, and also
-Gen. McDowell’s reply to M. Matthews—which is as follows:
-
-“As I have in some measure to depend on my memory, I will begin with
-Col. Shelby’s retreat after his defeating the British at Ennoree. Col.
-Charles McDowell had detached Shelby, Sevier, &c., with a party to go
-round where Ferguson was camped—who defeated the British and Tories at
-Ennoree. When Col. McDowell received intelligence of Gate’s defeat, and
-sent an express to Col. Shelby to retreat, Gen. Joseph McDowell was then
-Major, and I was Captain. Col. Shelby called a council of all his
-officers to know what was best to do. It was agreed that we must make a
-wood’s trip to get round Ferguson and join Col. C. McDowell, carrying
-the prisoners alternately on horseback, and running on foot short
-distances. After going some distance, found that Col. C. McDowell had
-left his camp, and was retreating towards Gilbert Town, we altered our
-course and overtook him and the main army.”
-
-After joining Col. C. McDowell, it was proposed by Cols. Shelby and
-Sevier that they thought an army of volunteers could be raised to defeat
-Ferguson, stating that Ferguson’s main business was to kill the Whig
-stock; that he would be at the heads of Broad River, and then go to the
-head of Catawba to execute that purpose, which would give time to raise
-an army of volunteers over the mountains, and in Wilkes and Surry
-counties. All the officers, and some of the privates were consulted, and
-all agreed that it was right to make the trial to raise an army. It was
-then agreed that the prisoners should be sent to Virginia; that Cols.
-Shelby and Sevier and their men should immediately go over the Mountains
-home and procure volunteers; that Col. Chas. McDowell should send an
-express to Cols. Cleveland and Herndon in Wilkes for them to raise
-volunteers; and that Col. C. McDowell should provide some way to
-preserve the Whig stock on the head of Catawba, and provide some way
-also to give intelligence of Ferguson’s movements.
-
-The prisoners were accordingly dispatched to Virginia. Cols. Shelby and
-Sevier went immediately over the mountains; and Col. C. McDowell wrote
-to Cols. Cleveland and Herndon to raise volunteers to be ready to march
-upon the shortest notice;—he then called the men on the head of Catawba,
-and first proposed that they who could not go over the mountains, should
-take protection on the advance of Ferguson and thereby save the whig
-stock: Daniel Smith (afterwards Colonel), Thomas Lytle, Robert Patton
-and J. McDowell of the Pleasant Garden, absolutely refused, and stated
-that they would drive the Whig stock into the deep coves under the eave
-of the Black Mountain; that others might take protection and save the
-stock that remained behind. John Carson, afterwards Colonel, Wm.
-Davidson, Ben. Davidson and others were appointed to take protection to
-save the remaining whig stock.
-
-James Jack and Archibald Nail were appointed to be news-bearers over the
-Yellow Mountains to Shelby and were to be passing continually—that they
-were to receive the news in the Turkey Cove relative to Ferguson’s
-movements. That Joseph Dobson and James McKoy were to be bearers of the
-like news to Cols. Cleveland and Herndon, and that they were to receive
-their news at the Montgomery place, afterwards Joseph Dobson’s place.
-
-Col. Ben. Cleveland appointed his brother, Robert Cleveland and Gideon
-Lewis, our pilot, to be news-bearers from B. Cleveland to Shelby. Thus
-the news went the rounds as fast as horses could carry their riders.
-
-After Col. C. McDowell had thus arranged his business, he received the
-news that Ferguson was at Gilbert Town. He then collected all the men
-that he could procure from Burke county and went to Shelby and Sevier,
-who had engaged Col. Campbell, of Virginia, also to raise volunteers.
-The orders given to the volunteers were to equip themselves as quick as
-possible and have nothing to provide when they were called on to march,
-but to saddle their horses and march on the shortest notice. Those who
-could not go supplied those who could with any thing they stood in need
-of. It was also announced to the volunteers by the officers, that a
-battle with Ferguson was determined upon, and that they might rely on a
-battle before they returned home.
-
-The news went the rounds by the news-carriers already mentioned, of
-every thing that happened in Ferguson’s camp—until the news came that
-John Carson had played a supple trick on Ferguson—that having saved
-almost all the whig stock that had not been driven into the coves by
-Daniel Smith and company—that Ferguson began to suspect Carson for
-saving whig stock—there being a large quantity of Tory cattle ranging
-about the large cane-breaks where David Greenlee lives, and that a party
-of Ferguson’s were fitted out to kill whig stock, and that they
-designing to go to that place, and another party was going to the
-Montgomery place—that is the place where Joseph Dobson lives on—for the
-like purpose. Carson went with the party going to the Montgomery place,
-without informing the party going to the Greenlee place that the cattle
-ranging there were Tory stock, the owners being in Ferguson’s camp. The
-parties each went to their places of destination, and returned into
-camp; those who went to the Greenlee place reported that they had killed
-over one hundred head of three, four, five and six year old rebel steers
-at the McGonaugh place. J. Carson observed that he expected that those
-steers were the stock of Joseph Brown, Dement and Johnstone, who were
-there in the camp. Whereupon Brown, Dement and Johnstone went and
-discovered that the steers there killed were every one theirs. This
-turned the Tories rather against Ferguson; whereupon Ferguson stated
-that the Rebels had out-witted him, and that he could not effect his
-purpose there—that he would start back to Gilbert Town on a given day.
-
-The news was on its passage to Shelby and Cleveland as soon as the
-breath left Ferguson’s mouth—it did not stop day or night—it was soon at
-the place of destination. Immediately Shelby directed Campbell and his
-men to meet him at a given time at Wautaga and Sevier to meet him and
-Campbell at ten o’clock on a given day at the Spring in the Bald Ground,
-on the Yellow Mountain, at the side of Bright’s path—all of which were
-done with great exactness. He issued orders for Cleveland and Herndon to
-meet him on a given day on Silver Creek, in Burke county; and ordered D.
-Smith, J. McDowell, Lytle, Patton, and those who had taken protection,
-to meet him at Wm. Nail’s by a given night, which was the night next
-after the meeting on the Yellow Mountain.
-
-When the officers met at the Spring on the Yellow Mountain, it was
-quickly agreed that they would send Col. Charles McDowell with an
-express to Gen. Gates, for him to send an experienced officer to conduct
-them in a battle with Ferguson, and as soon as Chas. McDowell, with his
-silver-mounted Tom. Simpson rifle, had disappeared, steering for the
-path on the Linville Ridge, the army descended the Mountain on Bright’s
-path and went to Wm. Nail’s that night where they met Daniel Smith,
-Thomas Lytle, Joseph McDowell and Robert Patton, the persons who had
-driven the whig stock into the coves under the eave of the Black
-Mountains, and also those who had taken protection. When it was agreed,
-that D. Smith, T. Lytle and J. McDowell should remain at the head of the
-river, as they were considered equal to a small army against Indians;
-and that the Indians were expected to fall on the frontiers as soon as
-Ferguson left it; and that they should have those who had taken
-protection to assist them. It was agreed that Joseph McDowell, (now
-Gen.) should take twenty men with him, and follow Ferguson’s trail for
-fear of surprise—who at the head of Silver Creek, near the Pilot
-Mountain, came on a squad of Tories who were designing to follow
-Ferguson, and killed some of them and put the rest to flight and
-returned to the army in the morning after staying the night at Wm.
-Nails’s.
-
-The army marched in to Silver Creek, and at the place appointed met
-Cols. Cleveland and Herndon so exactly that it scarcely occasioned a
-halt—proceeding on to Cane Creek of Broad River at a place afterwards
-called Probit’s place.
-
-Major Billy Chronicle with twenty men joined the army; no halt
-called—still proceeding on. At Camp Creek Cols. William Graham, with one
-hundred and sixty men well mounted, joined—who gave intelligence that
-Ferguson had left Gilbert Town and had crossed Broad River at Twitty’s
-Ford on his way to Cruger at Ninety-Six and that Col. Williams was near
-to Gilbert Town. It was agreed among the officer’s [while] still on the
-march, that Col. Herndon’s foot could not overhaul Ferguson before he
-would reach Ninety Six. They then began to count the number of horsemen
-that they could raise. Beginning with those under Col. Graham and those
-of Major Chronicle, Graham’s men 160, Chronicle’s 20, were to count 200
-instead of 180. Campbell mentioned to Chronicle that the lad whom he had
-with him should not hear their enumeration. Chronicle replied that he
-was a son of “Old Rugged and Tough;” that his cheek was too well hooped
-to leak—the lad [Robert Henry] then [listening] is now our surveyor.
-They numbered on, and found their true number to be between six and
-seven hundred; but told the soldiers it was between 1100 and 2000 [1200]
-counting Williams’ men.
-
-Orders were then given for all who were unable, from any cause that
-would hinder him in a severe march, should fall back into the foot
-troops and give their horses to footmen [who needed them, in order to be
-properly equipped for the march]; a number of exchanges were made.
-Further orders were given at Gilbert Town to kill some beeves, which was
-done; and orders were given for the horsemen to be ready to march at a
-given time, which was very short. Some of the troops who were tardy got
-none [of the beef?]. The line of march was taken to cross Broad River at
-Pear’s Ford, below the mouth of Green River, to take a near cut on
-Ferguson on his way to Ninety Six. The day and night were occasionally
-showery. We marched on, crossing Ferguson’s trail in the track (?), and
-proceeded to the Cowpens and came to a Tory’s house, pulled him out of
-bed, treated him roughly, and asked him at what time Ferguson had passed
-that place. He said he had not passed at all; that he had torch
-pine—that we might light it and search, and if we could find the track
-of an army we might hang him, or do what we pleased with him; and if no
-sign of an army could be found, he would expect more mild treatment.
-Search was made and no sign of an army found.
-
-We then camped, and began to send persons to find Ferguson’s track.
-Chronicle proposed to send Enoch Gilmer as one; it was objected to
-because he was not acquainted with the country. Chronicle said that he
-could find out any thing better than those acquainted, for he could act
-any character that he pleased; that he could cry and laugh in the same
-breath, and those best acquainted would believe that he was in earnest
-in both; that he could act the fool so that those best acquainted with
-him would believe him to be deranged; that he was a shrewd, cunning
-fellow, and a stranger to fear. Hence he was [sent] among others. He
-went to a Tory’s house on Ferguson’s trail and stated to him that he had
-been waiting on Ferguson’s way from Twitty’s Ford to Ninety-Six, but
-missed finding him; that he wished to join the army. The Tory replied,
-that after Ferguson had crossed the river at Twitty’s Ford, he had
-received an express from Lord Cornwallis for him to join the main army
-at Charlotte; that he had called in Tarleton, and would call in his
-out-posts, and give Gates another defeat, and reduce North Carolina to
-British rule as he had South Carolina and Georgia, and would enter
-Virginia with a larger army than ever had been in America. Gilmer gave
-this account to the officers. This was some time in the day. They then
-commenced marching to the Cherokee Ford on Broad River. Night came on,
-and our pilots missed their way, the night being dark and occasionally
-raining, so that when we came near to the river it was near day-light;
-and when we came to the river hills it was agreed that we would send
-Enoch Gilmer to see whether Ferguson had not been apprised of us and
-would attack us in the river. Orders were given to keep our guns dry,
-for it was raining. Gilmer was gone for some time, when his voice was
-heard in the hollow singing Barney-Linn, a favorite black-guard song.
-This was notice that all was right. Orders were given that the largest
-horses should be on the upper side. The order was not obeyed. The river
-was deep, but it was remarked that not one was ducked. After passing the
-river, it was agreed that Enoch Gilmer should go ahead, and make all the
-discoveries about Ferguson that he could. He went off in a gallop. The
-officers kept in front of the privates at a very slow gait—the men
-cursing and stating if we were to have a battle, to let it be over, &c.
-
-All were very hungry, and when we would come to a cornfield, it was soon
-pulled. The soldiers would cut part of the raw corn off the cobb, and
-haul the remainder to their horses. After travelling some miles, the
-officers saw Gilmer’s horse at a gate about three-quarters of a mile
-ahead. They gave whip to their horses, and went at full speed to the
-gate—alighted, and went into the house. Gilmer was sitting at a table
-eating. Campbell exclaimed, “We have got you—you d——d rascal.” Gilmer
-replied, “a true King’s man by G——d.” Campbell in order to try Gilmer’s
-metamorphosis, had provided himself with a rope, with a running noose on
-it, threw it over Gilmer’s neck. Gilmer commenced crying and begging.
-Campbell swore that they would hang him on the bow of the gate—when
-Chronicle stated that it was wrong to hang him there, for his ghost
-would haunt the women, who were now in tears. Campbell observed that was
-right, that we will hang him on the first stooping limb of a tree that
-they should pass on the road—then sending Gilmer along one or two
-hundred yards, Gilmer crying and begging for his life, the rope was
-taken from his neck, and he mounted his horse, and was asked what news
-he had obtained. He stated as follows:—That when he came to the Tory’s
-house, he professed to be a true King’s man, that he was wishing to join
-Col. Ferguson, and desired to know where he was, and that he had kissed
-the two Tory women; that the youngest of the two informed him, that she
-had been in Ferguson’s camp that morning; that the camp was about three
-miles distant from that place; that she had carried him some chickens;
-that he was camped on a ridge between two branches where some deer
-hunters had a camp the last Fall. Major Chronicle and Capt. Mattocks
-stated that the camp referred to was their camp, and that they well knew
-the ground Ferguson was camped on.
-
-Whereupon it was agreed on that they should plan the battle, as they
-knew the ground. They rode a short distance by themselves, and reported
-that it was an excellent place to surround Ferguson’s army, as the
-shooting would all be up hill—that there would be no danger of our
-destroying each other; but doubted whether we had men enough to surround
-them. It was then instantly agreed on by all the officers, that we would
-attempt to surround our foes. They immediately began to arrange their
-men, without stopping and assigning to each officer the part he was to
-take in surrounding the hill. By the time this was done, we were close
-to our enemy. The last whose duty was to be prescribed was Col. Wm.
-Graham with his men, who desired leave of absence, alleging that he had
-received certain intelligence that his wife was dying with the colic,
-about sixteen miles off, near Armstrong’s Ford on the South Fork.
-Campbell stated to him that should be the greatest inducement for him to
-stay, that he could carry the news—and if we were successful, it would
-be to her as good as a dose of medicine. Graham exclaimed, “Oh my dear,
-dear wife! Must I never see her again?” Campbell in an angry tone of
-voice turned to Major Chronicle, and said “shall Col. Graham have leave
-of absence?” To which Chronicle replied—“it is woman’s business, let him
-go.” Campbell told Graham he might go. Graham said he must have an
-escort—Chronicle told him he might have one; Graham chose David Dickey.
-Dickey said that he would rather be shot in [battle] than go. Chronicle
-said—“Dave—You must go.” Dickey said he would rather be shot on the
-spot; “but if I must go, I must go, I must.” Then Col. Graham and Dickey
-immediately took to the woods, and disappeared.[6]
-
-Campbell then mentioned to Chronicle that as Graham has gone, you must
-take his place: Turning to Col. Hambright, Campbell asked “have you any
-objections?” He replied, that it was his wish, as Chronicle best knew
-the ground. Whereupon Chronicle called “come on, my South Fork boys,”
-and took the lead.
-
-The hill was surrounded in a few minutes, and the battle commenced. Our
-enemies had two to our one; of course their fire was double that of
-ours. We killed 247 of them, and they killed 143 of our side, agreeably
-to the account of E. Gilmer and Joseph Beatty, supposed to be the most
-accurate of any. So that they having choice of ground, we fought them
-two to one; we killed as many more of them as they killed of us, and
-took more prisoners than we had men to guard them. But we had not a
-coward to face the hill that day—they all faded off, until within ten
-minutes of the battle, the last coward left us. Our equals were scarce,
-and our superiors hard to find. This is the most particular and accurate
-account, my friend, that I can give you.
-
-Whereupon at the head of the Round-About, I made a similar statement to
-our chain-bearers, pack-horsemen, &c. Mussentine Matthews made the
-following reply: “Ah! you would have been a formidable and destructive
-set of blue hen’s chickens among eggs, if each one of you had been
-provided with a good stick. When anybody pretends to tell the story of
-that transaction, it would be to his credit to play the game of shut
-mouth.”[7] This elicited the following reply from Gen. Joseph McDowell:
-
-Before that battle (referring to Ferguson’s defeat,) we had sustained
-two shameful and disastrous defeats—that of Gates by treachery; and that
-of Sumter by carelessness, in quick succession one after the other—upon
-which, the Tories flocked to the British camps, and increased their
-numbers to two or three fold; that the country was over-run, and fairly
-deluged with them, so much that from the pressure of their numbers, the
-souls of the brave, from necessity were obliged to cower under its
-weight, and none but the bravest of the brave withstood the shock.
-
-At the time when the news of Gates’ defeat reached Col. Charles
-McDowell, he had detached Cols. Shelby and Sevier to go round Ferguson’s
-camp to dislodge some British and Tories on the Ennoree, near to
-Ninety-Six. He then sent an express to Shelby to take care of himself,
-for Gates was defeated. Whereupon Shelby made the best of his way round
-Ferguson, and fell in with Charles McDowell and the main body,
-retreating towards Gilbert Town. Then it was suggested by Shelby, that a
-sufficient force could be raised over the Mountains, with the assistance
-from Wilkes and Surry counties, to defeat Ferguson. This was agreed to
-by all the officers present. The troops were raised without Government
-orders; each man had to furnish his own provisions, arms, ammunition,
-horse, and all his equipage, without the value of a gun flint from the
-public; without pay, or expectation of pay or reward, even to the amount
-of a Continental dollar depreciated to eight hundred to one. They were
-all volunteers; they were under no compulsion to go, but each man in
-advance consulted his own courage, well knowing he was going to fight
-before his return. They started in a rainy, inclement season of the
-year, without baggage wagon, pack-horse, or tent cloth, across the most
-rugged bar of mountains in the State, and almost pathless, having only a
-hunter’s trail to travel, followed Ferguson through all his windings; at
-length over took him at King’s Mountain, where he boasted the morning of
-the battle, that “he was on King’s Mountain, and that he was king of
-that Mountain, and that God Almighty could not drive him from it.” There
-we over-hauled him, fought him two to one—hence their fire was double
-that of ours; yet we killed 287 [247] of them, to 143 they killed of us.
-Yet the fate of nations and of battles turn on a pivot. Ferguson, a
-prudent officer, finding himself beset and surrounded on all sides,
-ordered his regulars, who had muskets and bayonets, to charge bayonets
-on Major Chronicle’s South Fork boys: The regulars having discharged
-their muskets at a short distance with effect, in turn the Fork Boys
-discharged their rifles with fatal effect, and retreated, keeping before
-the points of the bayonets about twenty feet, until they loaded again,
-when they discharged their rifles, each man dropping his man. This was
-treatment that British courage could not stand; they in turn retreated
-with precipitation; then the flag was hoisted, and all was over.
-
-If they had succeeded in the charge, it would have made a pass-way for
-his army, and they might have turned on our line on the one side of the
-hill, and defeated us in detail, or have made good their march to Lord
-Cornwallis at Charlotte, either of which would have been disastrous to
-the American cause. We had neither a coward or a traitor to face the
-hill that day. We were the bravest of the brave; we were a formidable
-flock of blue hen’s chickens of the game blood, of indomitable courage,
-and strangers to fear. We were well provided with sticks; we made the
-egg shells—British and Tory skulls—fly, like onion peelings in a windy
-day; the blue cocks flapped their wings and crowed—“we are all for
-Liberty these times;” and all was over; our equals were scarce, and our
-superiors hard to find.
-
-Taking the whole campaign, including the battle, I know of no parallel
-to it in the annals of ancient or Modern warfare; the nearest was that
-of the Grecian Leonidas and his army at the battle of Thermopylae with
-the Great Xerxes. Leonidas and his army were found, victualled and
-clothed at public expense; each individual of our army had to find at
-his own expense; Leonidas’ army were under Governmental orders; we were
-under no government at all, but were volunteers; Leonidas’ army were
-furnished with arms and camp equipage: We had to find our own arms,
-ammunition and horses at our own expense; Leonidas’ army were under
-Government pay; we were under no pay or reward, or the expectation of
-any; Leonidas’ army had choice of ground at the pass at Thermopylae; our
-enemies had the boasted choice of ground; Leonidas’ army had to fight
-superior numbers—so had we; Leonidas had never a coward—neither had we
-any; but Leonidas had a traitor who was his over-throw and destruction
-of all but one man: We had neither coward or traitor to face our
-enemy—hence we were successful: Leonidas would have been successful, and
-have defeated or put to flight the great Xerxes if he had not had a
-traitor aboard; Leonidas’ defeat was the destruction of the fine country
-of Greece, and the burning and destruction of their fine city of Athens,
-the labor of ages: Our success was the salvation of our country and our
-liberty. There is no parallel here: We will see if there is any in
-modern times.
-
-The generosity and patriotism of the great Washington has been justly
-boasted of; he did not charge the United States anything for his
-services during the Revolution; he was found his food and camp equipage
-by the public, and every thing else that he stood in need of; his
-necessary incidental expenses he kept an accurate account of, and they
-were paid by the public; he was paid for every thing else but his
-military services. This has been justly considered as great generosity
-and patriotism, and ought never to be forgotten. But this fight of the
-blue hen’s chickens threw this into the shade of an eclipse.
-
-Now we will make the comparison. Washington was rich, and had no family
-to provide for; we were poor, and had families to provide for; he was
-provided with a horse, victuals, clothing, arms, camp equipage and
-necessary attendance. We had to provide our own horse, victuals,
-clothing, arms, ammunition and blankets at our own expense. He charged
-nothing for his military services; neither did we charge any thing for
-military services, nor did we receive anything for them; he fought the
-battles of our country with success; we did the same. The expedition
-against Ferguson, including the battle at King’s Mountain, did not cost
-the State, or the United States, the worth of a single Continental
-dollar depreciated down to eight hundred to one. It was all done at the
-expense of bravery of the actors in that transaction. There is no
-parallel here.
-
-We will now take a view of the situation of the country after the
-defeats of Gates and Sumter, and before Ferguson’s defeat. Cornwallis
-was in Charlotte with a large army; Rawdon was in Camden with another
-large army; Leslie was at Winnsborough with a considerable army; Cruger
-at Ninety-Six with a large army; McGirt, Cunningham and Brown, each
-having considerable force, carrying on a savage war-fare of murdering,
-robbing, burning and destroying. George Lumpkin, Ben. Moore and others
-in Lincoln county, the chief of plunderers. Tarleton & Wemyss having
-large bodies of dragoons, the best mounted of any that were ever in the
-United States. For on the fall of Charleston, the British deluged the
-country with Counterfeit Continental bills, sending emissaries through
-the three Southern States to purchase up all the best horses belonging
-to the Whigs, at any price. Beside these armies, numerous squads of
-Tories, whenever they could collect ten or twelve, were plundering,
-robbing, and destroying the last piece of whig property they could lay
-their hands on belonging to the whigs. To finish the list, Ferguson with
-about 1,200 men, three Fourths Tories, whose principal business it was
-to destroy whig stock: It is to be observed, that more than one half of
-their armies consisted of Tories.
-
-This is a statement of facts that needs no proof; they cannot be
-contradicted or denied, for every body knows them to be true. This
-statement does not take into view the garrisons at Charleston, Savannah,
-Augusta and other places in the lower country, or the numerous bodies of
-Tories in the lower part of North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia
-completely under British rule, and North Carolina at the eve of it. We
-had no army in any of the three Southern States, under Governmental
-orders, of any account that I know of except the poor fragments of
-Gates’ defeated army, lying near the Virginia line. Marion’s troops were
-volunteers, for the State was under British rule. The Mecklenburg
-Hornets were volunteers from the counties of Rowan, Lincoln and
-Mecklenburg.
-
-From this State of things, Cornwallis could easily have carried out his
-avowed purpose of again defeating Gates, and entering Virginia, with the
-most numerous army that had been on the Continent, by calling in some of
-his needless out-posts, and these numerous squads of petty-larceny
-plunderers, who were raised from poverty to affluence in a few days
-plundering, and having still the expectation of further advancement by
-getting the whig plantations if he had succeeded—the patriotic State of
-Virginia would have had to contend with him and his army almost single
-handed, for it could have received little aid from the conquered States,
-and but little from Washington, or the Northern States, as they had
-their hands full with Clinton and his New York Tories. This was the most
-disastrous period for Liberty and Independence from the time of its
-Declaration to the end of the war. Liberty and Independence were then
-shrouded in Egyptian darkness. Ferguson’s defeat was the turning point
-in American affairs. The battle, extraordinary as it was, was not more
-extraordinary than its effects were.
-
-Cornwallis on hearing that Ferguson was defeated, immediately dropped
-the notion of again defeating Gates and entering Virginia with a
-numerous army, being already galled by the Mecklenburg Hornets, was
-panic-struck to think that he would, alas! have, at the same time, to
-encounter the gaffs and spurs of the blue hens’ chickens as soon as he
-could filch a few days provisions from under the wings of the Hornets,
-took night’s leave of the Hornets’ Nest, lest he should disturb the
-wasps, made a precipitate retrograde march, stopping neither night nor
-day until he joined Leslie of Winnsborough.
-
-Instantly after Ferguson’s defeat, McGirt, Cunningham and Brown quit
-their robbing, murdering, burning and destroying, and played the game of
-“the least in sight,” and “shut-mouth” into the bargain. Lumpkin, Moore,
-etc., fled to Nocachey; the petty larceny squads of Tories began to seek
-their hiding places and holes, like rats and mice when the cat would
-make her appearance. When Generals Greene and Morgan came from the North
-with all the force that could be spared from that quarter, with the
-fragments of Gates’ defeated army, the brave and cautious Gen. Morgan
-found that he was unable to fight Tarleton, fled before him, until
-Williams’ troops, being chiefly South Carolina and Georgia refugees, who
-fought under Williams at Ferguson’s defeat, and the other troops who
-lived on the east side of the mountains, who fought at the same place,
-heard of Morgan’s retreating before Tarleton, and rushed to his
-assistance. Being thus reinforced, Gen. Morgan turned about and defeated
-Tarleton at the Cowpens; Gen. Greene had to retreat before Lord
-Cornwallis until reinforced by the Mecklenburg Hornets, composed of
-volunteers from Rowan, Lincoln and Mecklenburg counties. Greene turned
-upon Cornwallis, and at Guilford made an equal fight, neither having the
-victory. How would it have been with Generals Greene and Morgan if
-Ferguson had not been defeated? Tarleton’s force would have been greatly
-increased, and Cornwallis’ army would have been more than double the
-number that appeared on the field of battle at Guilford. All then that
-Morgan and Greene could have done would have been to retreat and keep
-out of their way, and permit Cornwallis, agreeably to his avowed
-intention, to have entered Virginia with the most numerous army that had
-been in the field since the commencement of the war. Virginia would then
-have had to contend single-handed with that formidable force, with the
-assistance of Gen. Greene.
-
-In short, Ferguson’s defeat was the turning point in American affairs.
-The loss of this battle would, in all probability, have been the loss of
-American Independence and the liberty we now enjoy. I never on any
-occasion feel such dignified pride as when I think that my name counts
-one of the number that faced the hill at King’s Mountain the day of that
-battle. Others may think and speak disrespectfully of that transaction
-who are in favor of monarchy and individual oppression; but that is not
-Joseph McDowell, nor you, my friend Bob.
-
-I have written down my narrative, and Gen. McDowell’s reply to Musentine
-Matthews which he delivered to the boys at head of the Round-About, on
-the Stone Mountain, as nearly as memory would serve—thinking that
-reading it might fill up a blank in your leisure hours, reflecting on
-the situation of the times to which the recited facts refer.
-
- Your Friend,
-
- D. VANCE.
-
-Footnote 4:
-
- Member of the House of Commons from Burke, 1791.
-
-Footnote 5:
-
- Member of House Commons from Iredell from 1789 to 1802.
-
-Footnote 6:
-
- Col. William Graham must not be confounded with Major (afterwards
- General) Joseph Graham. They were not related to each other—Col.
- Graham came from Augusta County, Virginia and settled on the First
- Broad river then Tryon now Cleveland County. He married Susan,
- daughter of William Twitty. Previous to this battle he had been a good
- soldier and Indian fighter and was a popular man. See an honorable
- sketch of him in “Hunters’s Sketches of North Carolina,” p. 522.
-
-Footnote 7:
-
- All we know about Mussentine Matthews is that he represented Iredell
- County in the House of Commons from 1789 to 1802 continuously. He was
- either a Tory or a cynic, it seems.
-
-
-
-
- ROBERT HENRY’S ACCOUNT.
-
-
-I will now relate a few facts relative to the battle at King’s Mountain
-that came within my own view, and not related by Col. Vance. In Vance’s
-narrative, he refers to Col. W. Graham’s and David Dickey’s leaving the
-army to visit his wife, and Major Billy Chronicle taking his place, and
-calling on his South Fork boys to follow him. At that time Enoch Gilmer
-called on Hugh Ewin, Adam Barry and myself to follow him close to the
-foot of the hill. We marched with a quick step, letting Major Chronicle
-advance about ten steps before us, but further from the hill than we
-were, until we met the wing from the other side of the hill, then
-Chronicle having a military hat, but had let it down to shelter the rain
-from him, and had it not set up, clapped his hand to it in front, and
-raised it up, and cried “Face to the hill.” The words were scarcely
-uttered, when a ball struck him and he dropped; and in a second after a
-ball struck Wm. Rabb, about six feet from Chronicle,[8] and he dropped.
-We then advanced up the hill close to the Tory lines: There was a log
-across a hollow that I took my stand by; and stepping one step back, I
-was safe from the British fire. I there remained firing until the
-British charged bayonets. When they made the charge, they first fired
-their guns, at which fire it is supposed they killed Capt. Mattocks, and
-J. Boyd, wounded Wm. Gilmer and John Chittim. The Fork boys fired and
-did considerable execution. I was preparing to fire when one of the
-British advancing, I stepped [back] and was in the act of cocking my gun
-when his bayonet was running along the barrel of my gun, and gave me a
-thrust through my hand and into my thigh; my antagonist and myself both
-fell. The Fork boys retreated and loaded their guns. I was then lying
-under the smoke, and it appeared that some of them were not more than a
-gun’s length in front of the bayonets, and the farthest could not have
-been more than twenty feet in front when they discharged their rifles.
-It was said that every one dropped his man. The British then retreated
-in great haste, and were pursued by the Fork boys.
-
-Wm. Caldwell saw my condition, and pulled the bayonet out of my thigh,
-but it hung to my hand; he gave my hand a kick, and went on. The thrust
-gave me much pain, but the pulling of it [out] was much more severe.
-With my well hand I picked up my gun, and found her discharged. I
-suppose that when the soldier made the thrust, I gripped the trigger and
-discharged her—the load must have passed through his bladder and cut a
-main artery of his back, as he bled profusely.
-
-Immediately after Wm. Caldwell drew the bayonet from me, then the word
-was that the flag was up—the whigs then shouted “Hurra for Liberty,”
-three times at the top of their voices. It was immediately announced
-that Ferguson was killed. I had a desire to see him, and went and found
-him dead; he was shot in the face, and in the breast. It was said he had
-received other wounds. Samuel Talbot turned him over, and got his pocket
-pistol.
-
-Being in much pain and drouthy, went down, left my gun, being unable to
-carry her, and when I got near to the branch met David Dickey and Col.
-Wm. Graham riding his large black horse, wielding his sword round his
-head, crying at the top of his voice, “Dam the Tories,” and ascended the
-hill. Having seen him get leave of absence at the commencement of the
-battle to see his wife, I was filled with excitement and a conflict of
-passion and extreme pain; but this brought on another set of feelings,
-that may be understood, but I am not possessed of language to describe.
-
-I then went into the branch, drank, bathed my thigh and hand—then went
-to see whether Major Chronicle and Wm. Rabb were dead or wounded—found
-them dead. I saw some of the boys hauling Capt. Mattocks and John Boyd
-down the hill; and Samuel Martin carrying Wm. Gilmer, who was wounded in
-the thigh.
-
-Several of the South Fork boys were desirous to start for home that
-night, and were desirous to know how many were killed on each side.
-Joseph Beatty and Enoch Gilmer were appointed for that purpose of
-counting: They reported that 248 British and Tories were killed, and
-that 143 whigs were killed; they gave no account of the wounded.
-
-In the mean time Hugh Ewin, Andrew Barry and Nathaniel Cook brought
-their horses and mine; put me on my horse, but could not take my gun. We
-rode over the battle-ground; saw in some places the dead lay thick, and
-other places thin. We went about five miles from the battle-ground, and
-staid for the night. My wounds pained me extremely. Sunday morning we
-started for home. When we came to the South Fork, the waters were high,
-and my company would not suffer me to ride the river, but took me across
-in a canoe, and hauled me home in a slide.
-
-I continued in extreme pain when my mother made a poultice of wet ashes,
-and applied it to my wounds. This gave me the first ease. On Monday
-morning by sun-rise Hugh Ewin and Andrew Barry came to see me, and
-immediately after came several Neutralists, as they called themselves,
-but were really Tories, to hear the news about the battle, when the
-following dialogue took place between Ewin and Barry on one part, and
-the Tories on the other: Is it certain that Col. Ferguson is killed, and
-his army defeated and taken prisoners?
-
-E. and B. It is certain, for we saw Ferguson after he was dead, and his
-army prisoners.
-
-Tory. How many men had Col. Ferguson?
-
-E. and B. Nearly 1200, but not quite 1200.
-
-Tory. Where did they get men enough to defeat him?
-
-E. and B. They had the South Carolina and Georgia Refugees, Col.
-Graham’s men, some from Virginia, some from the head of the Yadkin, some
-from the head of the Catawba, some from over the mountains, and some
-from every where else.
-
-Tory. Tell us how it happened, and all about it.
-
-E. and B. We met at Gilbert Town, and found that the foot troops could
-not overtake Ferguson, and we took between six and seven hundred
-horsemen, having as many or more footmen to follow; and we overtook
-Ferguson at King’s Mountain, where we surrounded and defeated him.
-
-Tory. Ah! That won’t do. Between Six and seven hundred to surround
-nearly 1200. It would take more than 2000 to surround and take Col.
-Ferguson.
-
-E. and B. But we were all of us blue hen’s chickens.
-
-Tory. There must have been of your foot and horse in all over 4000. We
-see what you are about—that is, to catch Lord Cornwallis napping.
-
-Thus ended the dialogue, not more than two hours after sun-rise on
-Monday; and the Neutralists or Tories immediately departed. It was
-reported that they immediately swam a horse across the Catawba river by
-the side of a canoe (the Catawba was much higher than the South Fork,)
-and gave Lord Cornwallis the news of Ferguson’s defeat.
-
-Before my wounds were well, I went to Charlotte, and after Cornwallis
-had left it, where I met a David Knox, a brother or near relation of
-James Knox, the grandfather of President Polk, who gave me the following
-information, to wit: That on Monday next after Ferguson’s defeat, he,
-Knox, being a prisoner in the street in Charlotte, that an officer came
-to the officer of the guard, and the following dialogue took place.
-
-The first officer said to the officer of the guard, Did you hear the
-news?
-
-Officer of Guard. No, what news?
-
-First Officer. Col. Ferguson is killed, and his whole army defeated and
-taken prisoners.
-
-Officer of Guard. How can that be—where did the men come from to do
-that?
-
-First Officer. Some of them were from South Carolina and Georgia
-Refugees, some from Virginia, some from the head of the Yadkin, some
-from the head of Catawba, some from over the Mountains, and some from
-every where else: They met at Gilbert Town, about 2000 desperadoes on
-horseback, calling themselves blue hen’s chickens—started in pursuit of
-Ferguson, leaving as many footmen to follow. They overtook Col. Ferguson
-at a place called King’s Mountain; there they killed Col. Ferguson after
-surrounding his army, defeated them and took them prisoners.
-
-Officer of Guard. Can this be true?
-
-First Officer. As true as the gospel, and we may look out for breakers.
-
-Officer of Guard. God bless us!
-
-Whereupon David Knox jumped on a pile of fire-wood in the street,
-slapped his hands and thighs, and crowed like a cock, exclaiming “Day is
-at hand!” Hence he was called Peter’s Cock, having some analogy to the
-crowing of the cock when Peter denied his Lord the third time.
-
-It was generally considered about Charlotte and elsewhere, that this
-exaggerated account, given by the Neutralists, of Col. Campbell’s army,
-foot and horse, at 4000, which carried a strong air of plausibility with
-it, was the reason why Lord Cornwallis immediately left Charlotte in the
-night, after the waters were passable, and did not stop day nor night
-until he met Gen. Leslie at or near Winnsborough.
-
-MEM.—Carefully transcribed from the original Manuscript in Robert
- Henry’s hand-writing, sent me by mail for the purpose, by Dr. J. F.
- E. Hardy, of Asheville, N. C., Jan. 26th, 27th, 28th and early the
- 29th, 1874.
-
- L. C. DRAPER.
-
-Footnote 8:
-
- There is an interesting sketch of Major William Chronicle in “Hunter’s
- Sketches of North Carolina.” He lived in the S. E. part of Lincoln,
- now Gaston county, was born in 1755; his mother first married a McKee,
- and lived near Armstrong’s ford: When McKee died she married a
- Chronicle, by whom she had Major William Chronicle. Perhaps Col.
- Graham would have shared Chronicle’s fate, at the hand of the
- sharpshooters if he had remained.
-
-
-
-
- DAVID VANCE.
-
-
-When the war between the States began, there still lived in North
-Carolina men and women who had come down to us from Revolutionary times.
-They were the repositories of many interesting anecdotes and
-reminiscences of that stirring period. In addition, a mass of
-documentary matter had been collected by Hawks, Wheeler, Swain, Graham
-and others ready for the pen of the historian. But the dreadful “clash
-of resounding arms” in 1861, and the equally momentous events which
-followed the close of military hostilities suspended completely all
-efforts in this direction and the minds of men were absorbed in the
-great political and social questions of the times which involved the
-very existence of the community.
-
-With returning peace and prosperity loyal hearts and loving hands
-resumed the work of historical research, but alas! much precious time
-and valuable matter had been irretrievably lost. The survivors of the
-patriots of 1776-’81 had passed away and in their graves had been buried
-the treasures of their recollections; and many valuable papers collected
-with much care had been destroyed. Yet much has been done and much
-remains to be done. We can “gather up the fragments” and preserve them
-for those who may come after us. Incidents, trifling in themselves
-apparently, but which exhibit the manners of the times and illustrate
-the character of the men who took part in the establishment of our
-government, now become of great interest. In addition there is the
-obligation—“a pleasing burden”—we bear to preserve the memory and
-perpetuate the virtues of those brave and good men to whose suffering
-and wisdom we are indebted for the blessings we enjoy.
-
-The following sketch of one who took an active part in the early history
-of western North Carolina has been prepared chiefly for the use of his
-descendants. It has been decided to print it in order that if it shall
-contain anything of general interest it will be the more easily
-preserved.
-
-David Vance was descended from that remarkable people, known as
-Scotch-Irish, who were among the earliest settlers of the Southern
-colonies, and from the beginning exercised a powerful influence in every
-department of affairs. His father, Samuel, about the middle of the
-eighteenth century, lived in Frederick county, Virginia, near “Zane’s
-Iron Works.” His wife was Miss Colville, and of this marriage there were
-five sons and three daughters; David, the eldest, having been born about
-the year 1745. His father removed to south-western Virginia and settled
-near Abingdon in 1776, where some of his descendants still reside. At
-what period David came to North Carolina is not precisely known, but
-about the year 1775 he married, in what is now Burke, but was then Rowan
-county, Priscilla Brank; and here, pursuing his avocation of surveyor
-and school-teacher, the beginning of the Revolutionary war found him. He
-seems to have been among the first in North Carolina who took up arms in
-support of the cause of the Colonies. He was commissioned Ensign in the
-Second North Carolina Continental Regiment on the 8th of June, 1776, and
-in April following was promoted to a Lieutenancy. He served with his
-regiment until May or June 1778 when, because of decimation from losses
-in battle and from sickness the regiments composing the North Carolina
-Brigade were consolidated by act of the Provincial Congress, he, with
-many other officers, according to Col. John Patton’s return of September
-9th, 1778, was sent to Carolina to be assigned to one of the four
-regiments which were to be thereafter organized in North Carolina. He
-was with his regiment at Brandywine, Germantown, Monmouth, and during
-that dreadful winter of 1777-’78 at Valley Forge, and doubtless took
-part in all the other minor engagements of those campaigns. One of his
-daughters used to tell his grand-children that, during the privations of
-the winter at Valley Forge, the officers endeavored to keep up the
-spirits of their men by promoting games, contests and other amusements,
-and her father brought home from the war a “Spanish Milled dollar” which
-had been presented to him by Washington as the prize won in a running
-match.
-
-It does not seem that he ever re-entered the regular service, but
-resided with his family on the Catawba river, near Morganton, during the
-year 1778 and 1779, teaching school. He was the neighbor and fast friend
-of Charles and Joseph McDowell. When the seat of war was transferred
-from the Northern to the Southern Colonies and the campaigns of 1780-’81
-opened in the Carolinas, he again became an active participant in the
-field, serving under Generals Rutherford, Davidson and Morgan in the
-militia and other temporary forces raised from time to time to meet the
-emergencies resulting from Cornwallis’ invasion. He fought at Ramseur’s
-Mill, Musgrove’s Mill, Cowpens (probably), and on that glorious day at
-King’s Mountain, where the long struggle for independence and the
-destiny of a continent were decided. In his narrative of the events
-connected with that battle he says he “was a captain.” It is presumable
-therefore that in the forces hastily gathered for the purpose of
-resisting the advance of the British, he commanded a company, most
-probably in the battalion under Major Joseph McDowell.
-
-The war having been ended and the independence of his country secured,
-he resumed his peaceful pursuits, taking, however, his share of the
-burden and responsibility in the grave task of establishing a form of
-government suitable to the condition and wants of the people. It is
-impossible for us now to appreciate the gravity of the situation which
-presented itself to the men of those times. The imperfect records which
-have been preserved of the discussions of the problems they were called
-upon to solve disclose the anxieties and difficulties which surrounded
-them. Much as we admire their bravery, endurance and skill in war, it
-was in the border-fields of politics and statesmanship their wisdom and
-patriotism were more fully displayed. When we reflect upon the result of
-their labors and recall the prosperity and happiness the whole country
-so long enjoyed in consequence, we are almost impelled to believe the
-marvellous sagacity they exhibited was of divine inspiration.
-
-Captain Vance, as he was then called, represented Burke county in the
-General Assembly of 1785-’86 and in 1791. He was one of the
-commissioners appointed by the legislature of 1785 to carry into effect
-the act passed at that session for the relief of the “officers, soldiers
-and seamen who had been disabled in the service of the United States” in
-the late war, and to adjust the controversies arising from the entries
-of public lands in “the District of Morgan.”
-
-Soon after the treaty of peace with Great Britain, hostilities with the
-Cherokee Indians, who then occupied that portion the State west of the
-Blue Ridge, ceased, and the fertile lands of the French Broad Valley
-began to attract the attention of the emigrant. Some time between the
-years of 1785 and 1790, Captain Vance crossed the mountains with his
-family and settled at the head of the lovely little valley of Reems
-Creek. He here acquired a large and valuable body of land upon which he
-built a comfortable home—yet standing, a good type of the substantial
-frontier architecture—in which he reared his family and resided the
-balance of his life.
-
-This territory was in then Burke county. At the session of the General
-Assembly of 1791, Captain Vance introduced and had passed the bill
-creating the county of Buncombe. As this is the genesis of that now
-famous county, it will not be inappropriate to insert here an extract
-from the Journal of the House of Commons for Saturday, December 17th,
-1791, the General Assembly then sitting at New Berne:
-
-“Mr. Vance presented the petition of the inhabitants of that part of
-Burke county lying west of the Appalachian Mountain, praying that a part
-of Rutherford county be made into a separate and distinct county. Mr.
-William Davidson presented a petition to the same effect; both of which
-being read, Mr. Vance moved for leave and presented a bill to answer the
-prayer of the said petitions, which was read the first time, passed and
-sent to the Senate.”
-
-The Journal of the Senate shows that the bill was received and passed by
-that body on the same day. The Mr. William Davidson referred to in this
-extract was the representative from Rutherford county, and at that time
-resided on the south side of the Swannanoa river not far from the
-present site of the city of Asheville, that part of Buncombe then being,
-or supposed to be in Rutherford county.
-
-At the organization of the county of Buncombe in April 1792, David Vance
-was chosen clerk of the County Court, which position he continuously
-occupied until his death. Some of the records of that court while he was
-its clerk are extant, and the beauty of his chirography, the order and
-neatness, as well as the accuracy of his entries, bear witness of his
-entire qualifications for the duties of his office.
-
-A story is related of him in connection with his office of clerk, which
-shows something of the manners of the time and the character of the man.
-On one occasion two young men called at his house, one of whom desired
-to procure a marriage license. They were invited to enter, and the
-Captain soon produced from his side-board, a decanter, from which he
-invited them to refresh themselves. They did so, whereupon the Captain
-replaced his decanter and proceeded to dispatch the business for which
-they had come. When they were about to leave, one of the young men
-ventured to ask for another dram. The old gentleman indignantly refused,
-and proceeded to read the young man a lecture, which perhaps he never
-forgot, winding up with the declaration that “such a request had never
-before been heard of in the house of a gentleman.”
-
-About the time he was elected clerk, he was appointed colonel of militia
-for Buncombe—a position then, and for many years after, regarded as the
-highest dignity and influence in the county organizations. Thereafter he
-was known as Colonel Vance.
-
-He, with Gen. Joseph McDowell and Mussendine Matthews were appointed
-commissioners by act of the General Assembly at the session of 1796 to
-settle and mark the boundary line between the States of North Carolina
-and Tennessee. Although the act was passed in 1796 the commissioners did
-not run the line until the year 1799. They began at White Top Mountain,
-a point where the boundaries of North Carolina, Virginia and Tennessee
-meet and ran westwardly, locating the boundary between Tennessee and
-North Carolina, to a point at the eastern end of the great Smoky
-Mountains in a gap near where the present Cattalooche turnpike leading
-from Waynesville to Tennessee, crosses Mt. Starling. This, at that time,
-was supposed to be the eastern boundary of the Indian Territory.
-
-It was while running this line, the incident occurred which gave rise to
-the preparation of the accounts of the campaign and Battle of King’s
-Mountain by Colonel Vance and Robert Henry, Esquire, (the latter being
-one of the surveyors appointed by the commissioners) known as the
-“Vance-Henry Narrative.”
-
-He survived until the early part of the year 1813, when, having
-faithfully and honorably accepted and discharged the duties which the
-conditions of his life demanded; having justly acquired the love and
-veneration of his fellow-citizens; having lived long enough to see the
-great principles for which he had fought securely established and his
-countrymen marching onward toward a glorious and happy future, he
-peacefully died, leaving behind him the record of a life worthy of the
-emulation of all men and one which his descendants may proudly
-contemplate and fondly cherish.
-
-He was buried on a beautiful knoll a short distance north of his
-residence, a spot selected by himself as a last resting-place, and
-which, it is said, he often spoke of as “a beautiful place from which to
-arise on the Resurrection Morn.”
-
-He left surviving him, his wife, three sons, Samuel, David and Robert
-Brank, and five daughters, Jean, who married Hugh Davidson; Elizabeth,
-who married Mitchell Davidson and after his death Samuel W. Davidson;
-Sarah, who married —— McLean; Priscilla who married —— Whitson, and
-Celia, who married Benjamin S. Brittain. Samuel and Jean, Sarah and
-Priscilla, with their husbands, about the beginning of this century,
-removed to and settled upon the lands in Tennessee on the Duck river,
-which their father had provided for them. They numerous children, some
-of whom, together with many of their children, still reside in the
-vicinity. The late Judge Hugh Law Davidson and his brother Robert B.
-Davidson, who is still living, a highly esteemed citizen and a member of
-the Bar at Shelbyville, Tennessee, were the sons of Jean.
-
-David lived and died in the county of Buncombe. He was the father of
-Hon. Zebulon B. Vance and Gen. Robert B. Vance.
-
-Elizabeth and her husband settled on Jonathans creek in Haywood county,
-where they reared a large family. Hon. Allen T. Davidson, now living in
-Asheville, is one of their sons.
-
-Robert Brank, never married, suffering from a physical infirmity which
-forbade a more active life, was carefully educated and became a
-physician, though he never practiced his profession. He resided in
-Asheville. While still quite young, he entered public life and was
-elected to Congress, succeeding Felix Walker, the first representative
-from the Transmontane District. At the next election he was defeated by
-Hon. Samuel Carson, and in November following was killed in a duel with
-that gentleman—the unhappy event being the result of their canvas.
-
-Celia, the youngest child, with her husband, located in that part of the
-county of Haywood subsequently included in Macon county; but soon
-afterwards upon the organization of Cherokee county removed to Murphy,
-where she died in 1876, leaving a number of children and grand-children,
-many of whom reside in that vicinity, useful and respected citizens.
-
-Although the condition of the country denied to Colonel Vance the
-opportunities for collegiate training, he seems to have had a taste for
-books. At the time of his death he had accumulated a respectable library
-for that period. He was careful that his children should enjoy all the
-educational advantages which were accessible to them.
-
-He was distinguished among his contemporaries for his soundness of
-judgment, integrity of conduct, firmness of purpose and public spirit.
-
-He accumulated a handsome estate for those times, which he disposed of
-by will prepared by himself. It is an exceedingly interesting document,
-and perhaps no better index to his character now remains to us or a more
-fitting close of this imperfect sketch can be made than that contained
-in the following extracts from it:
-
-“I hope I may be excused for expatiating in divers parts of this last
-solemn act upon subjects that require clearness and plainness, for I
-have heard of so many instances of confusion and disagreement in
-families, and so much doubt and difficulty for want of absolute
-clearness in the testaments of departed persons, that I have often
-concluded (were there no other reasons but those which respect the peace
-of surviving friends) that the last act as to its designation and
-operation, ought not to be the last in its composition or making; but
-should be the result of cool deliberation; and (as is more frequently
-than justly said) of a sound mind and memory, which are seldom to be met
-with, but with sound health. All pretenses of insanity of mind are
-likewise prevented when a testator is pointed and clear in what he
-wills; all cavils about words are obviated; the obliged are assured, and
-they enjoy the benefit, for whom the benefit was intended.
-
-“I, David Vance, of the county of Buncombe, in the State of North
-Carolina, being of sound and perfect mind and memory, as I hope these
-presents, drawn up by myself and written with my own hand, will
-testify,” &c.
-
-In disposing of some old slaves, he directs:
-
-“It is my will and desire that they have full liberty, and I do by these
-presents give them full liberty, to go and live with any of my children
-where their own children live, not as slaves, but as old acquaintances,
-who labored and spent their strength to raise my said children and their
-own also. I enjoin it upon my children who may have the children of said
-black old people not to confine them, but to let them go awhile to one,
-and awhile to another, where their children may be; and I enjoin it upon
-my children to see that the evenings of the lives of those black people
-slide down as comfortable as may be. **** And I charge and adjure my
-negroes, old and young, as they will answer to God, to be obedient and
-obliging to their mistress and not vex or contrary her in old age. ****
-
-“And now, having disposed of and settled all my worldly business and
-concerns, do I with a lively faith, humbly lay hold of the meritorious
-death and sufferings of Christ Jesus and hope and trust thro’ His
-atonement to triumph in redeeming love, the ceaseless age of eternity.”
-
-[Illustration:
-
- Decorative
- Image
- (See TN)
-]
-
-
-
-
-TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE
-
-
-Punctuation has been normalized.
-
-Variations in hyphenation have been retained as they were in the
-original publication.
-
-Footnotes have been renumbered and relocated at the end of each chapter.
-
-The following typographical errors have been fixed:
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- Page Original As Corrected
- 9 Tuckoseage Tuckaseage
- 10 to to hasten to hasten
- 11 staightened straightened
- 11 by the the time by the time
- 15 firece fierce
- 20 Monntain Mountain
- 21 Willams Williams
- 22 occassionally occasionally
- 25 Carolna Carolina
- 26 minntes minutes
- 26 continously continuously
- 28 pealings peelings
- 28, 29, Thermopyle Thermopylae
- 28 Geat Great
- 30 ammuition ammunition
- 30 emmisaries emissaries
- 33 fiill fill
- 34 Willam William
- 41 establishmant establishment
- 43 batallion battalion
- 46, 47, Tennesse Tennessee
-
-Caption added to identify Page decoration.
-
-Variant spellings of the names Beatty and Beattie have been maintained.
-
-Italicized words and phrases are presented by surrounding the text with
-_underscores_.
-
-
-
-
-
-End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Narrative of the Battle of Cowan's
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-<pre>
-
-The Project Gutenberg EBook of Narrative of the Battle of Cowan's Ford,
-February 1st, 1781, by Robert Henry
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
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-
-Title: Narrative of the Battle of Cowan's Ford, February 1st, 1781
-
-Author: Robert Henry
-
-Release Date: October 5, 2015 [EBook #50137]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BATTLE OF COWAN'S FORD, 1781 ***
-
-
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-Produced by readbueno and the Online Distributed
-Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
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-
-
-<div class='figcenter id001'>
-<img src='images/cover.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div>
- <h1 class='c000'><span class='xlarge'>NARRATIVE</span> <br /> <br /> <span class='small'>OF THE</span> <br /> <br /> <span class='xxlarge'>BATTLE <span class='fss'>OF</span> COWAN’S FORD,</span> <br /> <br /> <span class='large'><span class='sc'>February 1st, 1781</span>,</span> <br /> <br /> BY ROBERT HENRY, <br /> <br /> <span class='small'>AND</span> <br /> <br /> <span class='xlarge'>Narrative of the Battle of Kings Mountain,</span> <br /> <span class='small'><span class='sc'>By Captain David Vance</span>.</span></h1>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c001'>
- <div><span class='sc'>Manuscript Preserved by Robert Henry, Esq.</span></div>
- <div class='c002'><span class='sc'>Copy Furnished by Lyman C. Draper, LL. D.,</span></div>
- <div class='c002'><span class='xsmall'><span class='sc'>of Madison, Wisconsin.</span></span></div>
- <div class='c002'>PUBLISHED BY D. SCHENCK, <span class='sc'>Sr.</span></div>
- <div class='c002'><span class='small'>Greensboro, N. C., March 28th, 1891.</span></div>
- <div class='c002'><span class='xsmall'>Reece &amp; Elam, Printers</span></div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-<div class='chapter'>
- <a id='Page_3'></a>
- <h2 class='c004'><span class='xlarge'>PREFACE.</span></h2>
-</div>
-<p class='c005'>Having seen the following most valuable and interesting
-narrative quoted very often in “<span class='sc'>King’s Mountain
-and its Heroes</span>,” written by Lyman C. Draper, L.L.D.,
-of Wisconsin, I wrote the Doctor with a view of obtaining
-the original manuscript if possible, but was unable to procure
-it. He however very generously intrusted to me the
-following copy which he had himself “carefully transcribed”
-from the original paper in his hands, in January
-1874, and which had been sent to him by Dr. J. F. E.
-Hardy, of Asheville, North Carolina. The original manuscript
-had been placed in Dr. Hardy’s possession by Wm.
-L. Henry, of Buncombe County, a son of Robert Henry—William
-L. Henry is still living.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>In a note to “King’s Mountain and its Heroes,” page
-259, is the following brief sketch of Robert Henry, who
-was wise enough to preserve this contribution to our
-Revolutionary history—to-wit:</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>“Mr. Henry was born in a rail pen, in then Rowan,<a id='r1' /><a href='#f1' class='c007'><sup>[1]</sup></a>
-now Iredell county, North Carolina, January 10th 1765.
-Full of patriotism though young, he shared in the trials
-and perils of the Revolution, and in due time recovered
-from the severe wounds he received at King’s Mountain.
-In 1795, he was one of the party who ran the boundary
-line between North Carolina and Tennessee. He subsequently
-studied law, and practiced his profession many
-years in Buncombe County. He served in the House of
-Commons in 1833 and 1834. He was a clear and forcible
-public speaker; and his memory deserves to be held in
-grateful remembrance for preserving the narrative of the
-<a id='Page_4'></a>King’s Mountain campaign and battle, so frequently cited
-in this work. He died in the new County of Clay, North
-Carolina, January 6th, 1863, within four days of attaining
-the patriarchal age of ninety-eight years, and he was undoubtedly
-the last of the heroes of King’s Mountain.”</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Robert Henry lived in the vicinity of Tuckaseage Ford,
-on the Catawba river, which is about ten miles below
-Cowan’s Ford, when Cornwallis crossed at the latter ford.
-He lived on the West side of the river in Lincoln County.
-For many years he owned the White Sulphur Springs
-about five miles South west of Asheville. It was a popular
-resort in the summer for the wealthy planters from
-the South and was the scene of much gayety and pleasure.
-Mr. Henry died in Clay County, the extreme Western
-county of the State, bordering on Georgia and Tennessee.
-I have myself heard my grandfather Michael Schenck, of
-Lincolnton, N. C., speak of Mr. Henry as “a great land
-lawyer.” His practice as a surveyor, no doubt, making
-him formidable in such suits.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>The public is indebted to the Hon. Theodore F. Davidson,
-Attorney General of North Carolina, and a great-grandson
-of Captain David Vance, for the publication of
-this narrative.</p>
-
-<div class='c008'>D. SCHENCK, <span class='sc'>Senior</span>.</div>
-
-<p class='c006'>Greensboro, N. C., March the 28th, 1891.</p>
-
-<hr class='c009' />
-<div class='footnote' id='f1'>
-<p class='c006'><a href='#r1'>1</a>. This is manifestly an error. He was born in Tryon. See W. L. Henry’s letter
-to Dr. Hardy. Tryon was changed to Lincoln County. Lincoln was divided
-and Mr. Henry’s birthplace is in the present Gaston county.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-<div class='chapter'>
- <a id='Page_5'></a>
- <h2 class='c004'><span class='xlarge'>ROBERT HENRY’S NARRATIVE.</span><br /> <br /><span class='large'>KING’S MOUNTAIN BATTLE, &amp;c.</span></h2>
-</div>
-<p class='c005'><span class='sc'>To Dr. J. F. E. Hardy</span>,</p>
-<p class='c010'>Asheville, N. C.:</p>
-<p class='c011'><i>My Dear Sir, and Kind Friend</i>:</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>I send you the MS. of my father, <span class='sc'>Robert Henry</span>.
-He was born in Tryon (now Lincoln) county, N. C., <i>in a
-rail pen</i>, 10th February, 1765; was a lawyer and surveyor
-by profession; was one of the first settlers in Buncombe
-county; taught School on Swannanoa, the first school
-taught in Buncombe county. He died in Clay county,
-N. C., February 6th, 1863, wanting but four days of being 98
-years old. <span class='sc'>Thomas Henry</span>, his father, died soon after
-the Revolution, of rheumatism contracted during the war.
-<span class='sc'>Thomas Henry</span> was from the North of Ireland.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>I do not want this manuscript lost, as you see it is in
-<span class='sc'>Robert Henry’s</span> own hand, and a little relic. If not
-used, I should like it should be returned to</p>
-
-<p class='c012'>Respectfully,</p>
-
-<p class='c013'>WM. L. HENRY,</p>
-
-<p class='c014'><span class='sc'>Asheville</span>,</p>
-<p class='c013'>Buncombe County, N. C.</p>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-<div class='chapter'>
- <a id='Page_6'></a>
- <h2 class='c004'><span class='large'>ROBERT HENRY’S NARRATIVE.</span></h2>
-</div>
-<p class='c005'>I will proceed to point out and correct some of the
-errors in <span class='sc'>Wheeler’s History</span> of North Carolina, so far
-as respects the transactions of Cornwallis crossing Cowan’s
-Ford, on Catawba river, the 1st of February, 1781;
-then I will give my own version of that transaction; then
-I will give the common report of the transaction shortly
-after it happened.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Wheeler’s History, p. 232-33: “Here” (meaning at
-Cowan’s Ford) “about six hundred militia under General
-Davidson were posted, and a slight skirmish occurred.
-A British Colonel (Hall) and three privates were killed,
-and thirty-six wounded.”</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>If we take this account to be true, we must conclude
-that these militia were very bad marksmen, for they had
-time to have fired five rounds each, which would have
-been three thousand single shots, at distances varying
-from fifty yards to less than twenty yards, over a naked
-sheet of water; that their enemy was not obscured by
-smoke, being in water above the waist-band, and hanging
-together by their muskets; that not a single gun was fired
-by them whilst in the water. This story, if it bears telling,
-cannot be accredited to be true, that in firing three
-thousand single shots they only killed four, including
-Col. Hall, and wounded thirty-six. The story appears
-further incredible from this—that in common battles on
-land, there are as many, and often more, men killed than
-wounded where the whole force from head to foot is exposed
-to fire of the opposite party. In the present
-case, the body, from above the waist-band to the top of
-the head was exposed—for all below was under water
-and secure from lead. Wounds in the upper part [of the
-body] are doubly as apt to kill as those in the lower extremities,
-from the waist-band downward; hence we
-<a id='Page_7'></a>would expect double as many killed on this occasion as
-wounded—but the reverse is told, that only four were
-killed, including Col. Hall, and thirty-six wounded.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>A further mistake may be noticed. The account states
-that Davidson had six hundred militia, whereas he had
-only three hundred. The whole of this quotation should
-pass for nothing.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>The next error that I will notice is on page 235 of
-Wheeler’s History, which I quote: “Soon after the action
-commenced” (meaning at Cowan’s Ford) “General
-William Davidson was killed, greatly lamented by all
-who knew him as a talented, brave and generous officer.”
-The true statement is this: Davidson was killed by the
-first gun that was fired on the British side on that occasion,
-for they did not fire a gun whilst in the river; and
-the gun that killed him was fired at the water’s edge on
-the Mecklenburg side; and if Davidson’s clothes had been
-examined, it is probable that they would have shown the
-mark of powder. The whole of the Americans had left
-their stands or posts at the water’s edge and judiciously
-fled, lest the British might hem them in by the river; and
-an utter silence prevailed—not a gun firing on either
-side: Silence was first broken by the report of the gun
-that killed Davidson.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>A further quotation from the same page: “The Company
-commanded by Gen. Graham was the first to commence
-the attack” (at Cowan’s Ford) “on the British as
-they advanced through the river, which was resolutely
-continued until they reached the bank, loaded their arms,
-and commenced a heavy fire upon his men, two of whom
-were killed.” The whole of this is a gratuitous statement,
-for Gen. Graham was not there—nor was there
-either officer or private killed at that place except Gen.
-Davidson; nor was there any one wounded there except
-Robert Beatty, who afterwards died of the wound. Gen.
-<a id='Page_8'></a>Graham and his company may have been at Davidson’s
-camp, three quarters of a mile from the Ford, and two of
-his men might have been killed there, if they were too
-tardy in making their escape before the British arrived
-there.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Another quotation from Wheeler’s History, p. 264:
-“At day break the British army under Cornwallis, on the
-1st February, 1781, entered the waters of Catawba, then
-swollen by heavy rains, at Cowan’s Ford. The morning
-was dark and rainy. The light infantry under Col. Hall
-entered first, followed by the grenadiers and the battalions.
-The piquet of Gen. Davidson challenged the enemy; receiving
-no reply the guard fired. This turned out the
-whole force of Davidson, who kept up a galling fire from
-the bank.”</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Observe the morning was dark but not rainy. Davidson’s
-army was stationed three quarters of a mile from the
-Ford, and did not fire a gun at the British whilst in the
-river, nor after they came across; all the firing by the
-American side in the river and on the bank was done by
-the guard.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Now, I will give my own version of the transaction of
-Cornwallis crossing Catawba River at Cowan’s Ford, 1st
-February, 1781. Robert Beatty, a lame man, had taken
-up a school near the Tuckaseage Ford, and had taught
-two days, and was teaching the third, when news came
-to the School-house that Cornwallis was camped at Forney’s,
-about seven miles from the School-house; that
-Tarleton was ranging through the country catching whig
-boys to make musicians of them in the British army.
-The master instantly dismissed the scholars, directing
-them to go home and spread the news, and retired himself.
-I went home, and that night Moses Starret, Alexander
-Starret, George Gillespie, Robert Gillespie, and
-Charles Rutledge came to my father’s! We lay out that
-<a id='Page_9'></a>night, and shortly before day-light my brother, Joseph
-Henry, who had left the army to give the news, and
-had crossed Catawba at John Beattie’s in a canoe; and
-when he left the army, it was expected that Cornwallis
-would cross the river at Tuckaseage Ford. Early in
-the morning this company crossed the river at Beatties,
-about two miles below Tuckaseage Ford, where we
-hid our canoe, staid some time at Beatties’—then went up
-to the Tuckaseage Ford, and the army was at Cowan’s
-Ford, we went up the river to John Nighten’s, who
-treated us well by giving us potatoes to roast, and some
-whisky to drink. We became noisy and mischievous.
-Nighten said we should not have any more whisky. I
-proposed to go to the camp at the Ford, if any one would
-let me have a gun and ammunition. My brother said he
-would give me his; Charles Rutledge proposed also to
-accompany me if he had a gun and ammunition; when
-Moses Starret gave him his gun. When about to start, I
-gave Nighten a hundred dollar Continental bill for a half
-a pint of whisky. My brother gave another bill of the
-same size for half a bushel of potatoes. We dispatched
-the whiskey. Being thus equipped, we went to the Ford,
-which was about a mile and a half. When we arrived,
-the guard that was there, thirty in number, made us
-welcome; the officer of the guard told us that Cornwallis
-would certainly attempt to cross that night or early in
-the morning; that each one of the guard had picked their
-stands to annoy the British as they crossed, so that when
-the alarm was given they would not be crowded, or be
-in each other’s way—and said we must choose our stands.
-He accompanied us—Charles Rutledge chose the uppermost
-stand, and I chose the lowest, next the getting out
-place of the Ford; the officer observed, that he considered
-that Davidson had done wrong, for that the army
-should have been stationed at the Ford—instead of
-<a id='Page_10'></a>which it was encamped three-fourths of a mile off, and
-that some person acquainted in the neighborhood of
-Forney should watch the movements of Cornwallis’ army,
-and immediately when they would attempt to march,
-to hasten to the river and give the alarm; then that Davidson’s
-army might be in readiness to receive them; the
-river being in the situation that it was then in, and the
-army thus prepared to receive them, said that Cornwallis
-and a million of men could not cross without cannon
-as long as our ammunition would last. This I
-thought was a large expression; but since I think he was
-correct.<a id='r2' /><a href='#f2' class='c007'><sup>[2]</sup></a> He mentioned to each man of the guard to go
-to his stand again and examine it, so that when the
-alarm was given, that there should be no mistakes then
-made. I went to mine, and was well pleased with it—for
-in shooting, if I would miss my first aim, my lead
-would range along the British army obliquely and still
-do damage, and that I could stand it until the British
-would come to a place the water was riffling over a rock,
-then it would be time to run away. I remember that I
-looked over the guard to see if there was any person with
-whom I was acquainted, and found none but Joel Jetton,
-and my lame school-master, Robert Beatty, with my
-comrade, Charles Rutledge.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Gen. Joseph Graham’s name is mentioned by Wheeler.
-I was acquainted with him; but he was not there. Shortly
-after dark a man across the river hooted like an owl,
-and was answered; a man went to a canoe some distance
-off, and brought word from him that all was silent in the
-British camp. The guard all lay down with their guns
-in their arms, and all were sound asleep at day-break,
-except Joel Jetton, who discovered the noise of horses in
-deep water. The British pilot, Dick Beal being deceived
-<a id='Page_11'></a>by our fires, had led them into swimming water. Jetton
-ran to the Ford, the sentry being sound asleep, Jetton
-kicked him into the river, endeavored to fire his gun, but
-it was wet: Having discovered the army, ran to our fires,
-having a fine voice, cried “the British! the British!” and
-fired a gun—then each man ran to his stand; when I got
-to my stand, I saw them red, but thought from loss of
-sleep my eyes might be mistaken, threw water into them;
-by the time I was ready to fire, the rest of the guard
-had fired. I then heard the British splashing and making
-a noise as if drowning. I fired, and continued firing until
-I saw that one on horse-back had passed my rock in the
-river, and saw that it was Dick Beal moving his gun
-from his shoulder, I expected, to shoot me. I ran with
-all speed up the bank, and when at the top of it, William
-Polk’s horse breasted me, and Gen. Davidson’s horse,
-about twenty or thirty feet before Polk’s horse, and near
-to the water’s edge. All being silent on both sides, I
-heard the report of a gun, at the water’s edge, being the
-first gun fired on the British side, and which I thought
-Dick Beal had fired at me. That moment Polk wheeled
-his horse, and cried “fire away, boys; there is help at
-hand.” Turning my eye round, designing to run away,
-I saw my lame school-master, Beatty, loading his gun by
-a tree; I thought I could stand it as long as he could,
-and commenced loading. Beatty fired, then I fired, the
-heads and shoulders of the British being just above the
-bank; they made no return fire; silence still prevailed.
-I observed Beatty loading again; I ran down another
-load—when he fired, he cried “it’s time to run, Bob.” I
-looked past my tree, and saw their guns lowered, and
-then straightened myself behind my tree. They fired and
-knocked off some bark from my tree.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>In the meantime Beatty had turned from his tree, and
-a bullet hit him in the hip, and broke the upper end of his
-<a id='Page_12'></a>thigh bone; he fell, still hallowing for me to run. I then
-ran at the top of my speed about one hundred yards,
-when a thought struck me that the British had no horsemen
-to follow me, and that Davidson’s army would be
-down at the river, and a battle would take place. Whereupon
-I loaded my gun, and went opposite to the Ford,
-and chose a large tree, sat down by it, and fired about
-fifty yards at the British. They fired several guns toward
-the place where I was; but their lead did not come
-nearer to me than about two rods.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>I will now account for the great difference between the
-number of the British killed and those wounded, as
-stated by Wheeler. The water at the Ford was fully
-waist-band deep, and in many places much deeper, with
-a very heavy pressing current, and when a man was
-killed or badly wounded, the current immediately floated
-him away, so that none of them that were killed or badly
-wounded were ever brought to the shore; and none but
-those slightly wounded reached the bank; Col. Hall fell
-at the bank—I account for the three British that were killed
-as stated by Wheeler, in this way: Beatty, the lame
-schoolmaster, an excellent marksman, fired twice, at a
-distance of not more than twenty yards, at the British,
-after they had ascended the high bank, as before stated;
-and I fired twice about the same distance. I therefore
-think Beatty being the best marksman killed two, and I
-killed one.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Wheeler states that on the American side there were
-two killed: I observe, if there was any one killed that it
-was not at the river, for the British did not fire a gun
-whilst in the river, and when they arose the high bank,
-all were gone but Beatty and myself; that if any were
-killed, it was at Davidson’s camp, three quarters of a
-mile from the Ford of the river. But I never heard of
-<a id='Page_13'></a>any one either killed or wounded of the Americans except
-Robert Beatty on that occasion.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>I will give an account of the balance of my route after
-firing the last time, as heretofore stated. I went down
-the river to John Beattie’s, where we had left our canoe;
-there I found my company, the two Starrets, the two
-Gillespies, my brother Joseph, and my comrade Charles
-Rutledge. I returned the gun to my brother after counting
-the cartridges—found seven missing—therefore I had
-fired seven times, as I supposed. The company remained
-at Beattie’s until the next morning; when we took our
-canoe to cross the river to the Lincoln side, it was proposed
-that we would go to James Cunningham’s fish-trap,
-and see if there were any fish in it. When we arrived at
-the trap, there were fourteen dead men lodged in it,
-several of whom appeared to have no wound, but had
-drowned. We pushed them into the water, they floated
-off, and went each to his own home. This is my version
-of that transaction.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Now, I will give the common report of it. I will begin
-with the report of Nicholas Gosnell, one of our neighbors,
-a Tory, who was in Cornwallis’ army when they
-crossed the Catawba at Cowan’s Ford. It was frequently
-repeated from the extraordinary language he used, and
-from his manner of expression—it is therefore better imprinted
-on my memory. I will endeavor to give it in his
-own language: “His Lordship chose Dick Beal for his
-pilot, as he well know’d the Ford, and a durned pretty
-pilot he was, for he suffered himself to be led astray by
-the Rebel fires, and then had to go down to the Ford
-afterwards; but if he did bad one way, he did good
-another, for he killed their damned Rebel General. The
-Rebels were posted at the water’s edge—there wan’t
-many on ’em; but I’ll be durned if they didn’t slap the
-wad to his Majesty’s men suicidally! for a while; for I
-<a id='Page_14'></a>saw ’em hollerin and a snortin and a drownin—the river
-was full on ’em a snortin, a hollerin and a drownin until
-his Lordship reached the off bank; then the Rebels
-made straight shirt tales, and all was silent—then I tell
-you his Lordship was Bo sure Super gille cristilum [?],<a id='r3' /><a href='#f3' class='c007'><sup>[3]</sup></a>
-and when he rose the bank he was the best dog in the
-hunt, and not a rebel to be seen.” This is the Tory version
-of Cornwallis crossing Catawba at Cowan’s Ford.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>The following is the report of every person who lived at
-or near the river between Cowan’s Ford and Tuckaseage
-Ford: That a great number of British dead were
-found on Thompson’s fish-dam, and in his trap, and numbers
-lodged on brush, and drifted to the banks: that the
-river stunk with dead carcases; that the British could not
-have lost less than one hundred men on that occasion.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Report of soldiers who were in Davidson’s army.
-When Wm. Polk returned from the river after General
-Davidson was killed at Cowan’s Ford, three quarters of
-a mile from the Ford—they stated that when William
-Polk returned from the Ford, and reported the death of
-Gen. Davidson, that some of the army had left, and the
-rest were in confusion; that Polk prudently marched
-them off, not being able to fight Cornwallis on equal
-terms.</p>
-
-<hr class='c009' />
-<div class='footnote' id='f2'>
-<p class='c015'><span class='label'><a href='#r2'>2</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>Gen. Greene had admonished Davidson of the danger of Tarleton crossing secretly
-at some private ford and falling on his rear, and for this reason he kept his main
-force at some distance from the river.</p>
-
-<div class='c008'>D. S.</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='footnote' id='f3'>
-<p class='c015'><span class='label'><a href='#r3'>3</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>This seems to be some silly slang of that day.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-<div class='chapter'>
- <a id='Page_15'></a>
- <h2 class='c004'><span class='large'>KING’S MOUNTAIN EXPEDITION.</span></h2>
-</div>
-<p class='c005'>I will now give the statement of Col. D. Vance and
-Gen. Joseph McDowell of the manner of raising the army
-to oppose Col. Ferguson—its march—and the defeat of
-Ferguson.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>This part is the statement of Col. Vance; and on a sarcastic
-and sneering reply by M. Matthews saying that
-they, to wit the army under Campbell, was a fierce and
-formidable set of chickens, and could make great havoc
-among eggs, if each one was provided with a stick. This
-elicited a more extensive reply and statement of the whole
-affair and its consequences from Gen. J. McDowell. I
-will first give the reasons why Vance and McDowell
-made these statements.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>The General Assembly of North Carolina made an
-agreement with that of Tennessee to run and mark the
-Division line between the two States, and in the year 1799,
-the State of North Carolina appointed Gen. J. McDowell,
-Col. David Vance,<a id='r4' /><a href='#f4' class='c007'><sup>[4]</sup></a> and Mussentine Matthews,<a id='r5' /><a href='#f5' class='c007'><sup>[5]</sup></a> commissioners
-on the part of North Carolina, who associated
-John Strother and Robert Henry surveyors, with the
-necessary numbers of chain-bearers, markers, and pack-horsemen
-for that business, who met and went to the
-White-Top Mountain, a spur of the Stone Mountain,
-where the Virginia line crossed the latter. Strother did
-not appear at the commencement. The company were
-asking a great many detached questions relative to
-Ferguson’s defeat—at length requested that McDowell or
-Vance would give them a connected account of the whole
-transaction from first to last. It was agreed that Col.
-Vance should give that account. The Colonel agreed to
-do so on consulting with McDowell, our pilot, Gideon
-<a id='Page_16'></a>Lewis, who had been a news-carrier, and myself, [and
-relate it] on the first wet day that should happen so that
-we could not progress with the line.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Accordingly a wet day happened, when we were at
-the head of the Round-About on the Stone Mountain.
-Our bark camp was soon fixed, and Col. Vance gave the
-account, ending with the details of the battle of King’s
-Mountain. Whereupon M. Matthews observed that we
-(meaning the army) were a fierce and formidable set of
-blue hen’s chickens among eggs, if each one was provided
-with a stick. This brought a reply from McDowell.
-That being done, I was provided with a note-book, separate
-from my surveyor’s book, to take down a memorandum
-of particular things that happened, and commenced
-taking a memorandum of Vance’s account of that transaction.
-Whereupon Col. Vance, who was an elegant
-clerk, told me as there was only one surveyor, that I had
-not time to do it—and if I would give him my book, that
-he would write it for me, as he had leisure. He took the
-book, and returned it to me, saying he had paper of his
-own, at a Spring by the side of Bright’s Path in the Bald
-Ground on the Yellow Mountain. Having taken down
-his own recollections, and also Gen. McDowell’s reply
-to M. Matthews—which is as follows:</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>“As I have in some measure to depend on my memory,
-I will begin with Col. Shelby’s retreat after his defeating
-the British at Ennoree. Col. Charles McDowell
-had detached Shelby, Sevier, &amp;c., with a party to go
-round where Ferguson was camped—who defeated the
-British and Tories at Ennoree. When Col. McDowell
-received intelligence of Gate’s defeat, and sent an express
-to Col. Shelby to retreat, Gen. Joseph McDowell
-was then Major, and I was Captain. Col. Shelby called
-a council of all his officers to know what was best to do.
-It was agreed that we must make a wood’s trip to get
-<a id='Page_17'></a>round Ferguson and join Col. C. McDowell, carrying the
-prisoners alternately on horseback, and running on foot
-short distances. After going some distance, found that
-Col. C. McDowell had left his camp, and was retreating
-towards Gilbert Town, we altered our course and overtook
-him and the main army.”</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>After joining Col. C. McDowell, it was proposed by
-Cols. Shelby and Sevier that they thought an army of
-volunteers could be raised to defeat Ferguson, stating
-that Ferguson’s main business was to kill the Whig
-stock; that he would be at the heads of Broad River, and
-then go to the head of Catawba to execute that purpose,
-which would give time to raise an army of volunteers
-over the mountains, and in Wilkes and Surry counties.
-All the officers, and some of the privates were consulted,
-and all agreed that it was right to make the trial to raise
-an army. It was then agreed that the prisoners should
-be sent to Virginia; that Cols. Shelby and Sevier and
-their men should immediately go over the Mountains
-home and procure volunteers; that Col. Chas.
-McDowell should send an express to Cols. Cleveland and
-Herndon in Wilkes for them to raise volunteers; and
-that Col. C. McDowell should provide some way to preserve
-the Whig stock on the head of Catawba, and provide
-some way also to give intelligence of Ferguson’s
-movements.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>The prisoners were accordingly dispatched to Virginia.
-Cols. Shelby and Sevier went immediately over the
-mountains; and Col. C. McDowell wrote to Cols. Cleveland
-and Herndon to raise volunteers to be ready to
-march upon the shortest notice;—he then called the men
-on the head of Catawba, and first proposed that they
-who could not go over the mountains, should take protection
-on the advance of Ferguson and thereby save
-the whig stock: Daniel Smith (afterwards Colonel),
-<a id='Page_18'></a>Thomas Lytle, Robert Patton and J. McDowell of the
-Pleasant Garden, absolutely refused, and stated that they
-would drive the Whig stock into the deep coves under
-the eave of the Black Mountain; that others might take
-protection and save the stock that remained behind.
-John Carson, afterwards Colonel, Wm. Davidson, Ben.
-Davidson and others were appointed to take protection
-to save the remaining whig stock.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>James Jack and Archibald Nail were appointed to be
-news-bearers over the Yellow Mountains to Shelby and
-were to be passing continually—that they were to receive
-the news in the Turkey Cove relative to Ferguson’s
-movements. That Joseph Dobson and James McKoy
-were to be bearers of the like news to Cols. Cleveland
-and Herndon, and that they were to receive their news
-at the Montgomery place, afterwards Joseph Dobson’s
-place.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Col. Ben. Cleveland appointed his brother, Robert
-Cleveland and Gideon Lewis, our pilot, to be news-bearers
-from B. Cleveland to Shelby. Thus the news
-went the rounds as fast as horses could carry their riders.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>After Col. C. McDowell had thus arranged his business,
-he received the news that Ferguson was at Gilbert Town.
-He then collected all the men that he could procure from
-Burke county and went to Shelby and Sevier, who had
-engaged Col. Campbell, of Virginia, also to raise volunteers.
-The orders given to the volunteers were to equip
-themselves as quick as possible and have nothing to
-provide when they were called on to march, but to saddle
-their horses and march on the shortest notice. Those
-who could not go supplied those who could with any
-thing they stood in need of. It was also announced to
-the volunteers by the officers, that a battle with Ferguson
-was determined upon, and that they might rely on a
-battle before they returned home.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'><a id='Page_19'></a>The news went the rounds by the news-carriers
-already mentioned, of every thing that happened in
-Ferguson’s camp—until the news came that John Carson
-had played a supple trick on Ferguson—that having
-saved almost all the whig stock that had not been driven
-into the coves by Daniel Smith and company—that
-Ferguson began to suspect Carson for saving whig stock—there
-being a large quantity of Tory cattle ranging
-about the large cane-breaks where David Greenlee lives,
-and that a party of Ferguson’s were fitted out to kill
-whig stock, and that they designing to go to that place,
-and another party was going to the Montgomery place—that
-is the place where Joseph Dobson lives on—for the
-like purpose. Carson went with the party going to the
-Montgomery place, without informing the party going to
-the Greenlee place that the cattle ranging there were
-Tory stock, the owners being in Ferguson’s camp. The
-parties each went to their places of destination, and returned
-into camp; those who went to the Greenlee place
-reported that they had killed over one hundred head of
-three, four, five and six year old rebel steers at the McGonaugh
-place. J. Carson observed that he expected
-that those steers were the stock of Joseph Brown, Dement
-and Johnstone, who were there in the camp. Whereupon
-Brown, Dement and Johnstone went and discovered that
-the steers there killed were every one theirs. This turned
-the Tories rather against Ferguson; whereupon Ferguson
-stated that the Rebels had out-witted him, and
-that he could not effect his purpose there—that he would
-start back to Gilbert Town on a given day.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>The news was on its passage to Shelby and Cleveland
-as soon as the breath left Ferguson’s mouth—it did not
-stop day or night—it was soon at the place of destination.
-Immediately Shelby directed Campbell and his
-men to meet him at a given time at Wautaga and Sevier
-<a id='Page_20'></a>to meet him and Campbell at ten o’clock on a given day
-at the Spring in the Bald Ground, on the Yellow Mountain,
-at the side of Bright’s path—all of which were done
-with great exactness. He issued orders for Cleveland
-and Herndon to meet him on a given day on Silver
-Creek, in Burke county; and ordered D. Smith, J. McDowell,
-Lytle, Patton, and those who had taken protection,
-to meet him at Wm. Nail’s by a given night, which
-was the night next after the meeting on the Yellow
-Mountain.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>When the officers met at the Spring on the Yellow
-Mountain, it was quickly agreed that they would send
-Col. Charles McDowell with an express to Gen. Gates,
-for him to send an experienced officer to conduct them
-in a battle with Ferguson, and as soon as Chas. McDowell,
-with his silver-mounted Tom. Simpson rifle, had
-disappeared, steering for the path on the Linville Ridge,
-the army descended the Mountain on Bright’s path and
-went to Wm. Nail’s that night where they met Daniel
-Smith, Thomas Lytle, Joseph McDowell and Robert
-Patton, the persons who had driven the whig stock into
-the coves under the eave of the Black Mountains, and
-also those who had taken protection. When it was
-agreed, that D. Smith, T. Lytle and J. McDowell should
-remain at the head of the river, as they were considered
-equal to a small army against Indians; and that the Indians
-were expected to fall on the frontiers as soon as
-Ferguson left it; and that they should have those who
-had taken protection to assist them. It was agreed that
-Joseph McDowell, (now Gen.) should take twenty men
-with him, and follow Ferguson’s trail for fear of surprise—who
-at the head of Silver Creek, near the Pilot Mountain,
-came on a squad of Tories who were designing to
-follow Ferguson, and killed some of them and put the
-<a id='Page_21'></a>rest to flight and returned to the army in the morning
-after staying the night at Wm. Nails’s.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>The army marched in to Silver Creek, and at the place
-appointed met Cols. Cleveland and Herndon so exactly
-that it scarcely occasioned a halt—proceeding on to
-Cane Creek of Broad River at a place afterwards called
-Probit’s place.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Major Billy Chronicle with twenty men joined the
-army; no halt called—still proceeding on. At Camp
-Creek Cols. William Graham, with one hundred and sixty
-men well mounted, joined—who gave intelligence that
-Ferguson had left Gilbert Town and had crossed Broad
-River at Twitty’s Ford on his way to Cruger at Ninety-Six
-and that Col. Williams was near to Gilbert Town.
-It was agreed among the officer’s [while] still on the
-march, that Col. Herndon’s foot could not overhaul Ferguson
-before he would reach Ninety Six. They then began
-to count the number of horsemen that they could raise. Beginning
-with those under Col. Graham and those of Major
-Chronicle, Graham’s men 160, Chronicle’s 20, were to
-count 200 instead of 180. Campbell mentioned to Chronicle
-that the lad whom he had with him should not hear
-their enumeration. Chronicle replied that he was a son
-of “Old Rugged and Tough;” that his cheek was too well
-hooped to leak—the lad [Robert Henry] then [listening]
-is now our surveyor. They numbered on, and found
-their true number to be between six and seven hundred;
-but told the soldiers it was between 1100 and 2000 [1200]
-counting Williams’ men.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Orders were then given for all who were unable, from
-any cause that would hinder him in a severe march,
-should fall back into the foot troops and give their horses
-to footmen [who needed them, in order to be properly
-equipped for the march]; a number of exchanges were
-made. Further orders were given at Gilbert Town to
-<a id='Page_22'></a>kill some beeves, which was done; and orders were given
-for the horsemen to be ready to march at a given time,
-which was very short. Some of the troops who were
-tardy got none [of the beef?]. The line of march was
-taken to cross Broad River at Pear’s Ford, below the
-mouth of Green River, to take a near cut on Ferguson
-on his way to Ninety Six. The day and night were occasionally
-showery. We marched on, crossing Ferguson’s
-trail in the track (?), and proceeded to the Cowpens and
-came to a Tory’s house, pulled him out of bed, treated
-him roughly, and asked him at what time Ferguson had
-passed that place. He said he had not passed at all;
-that he had torch pine—that we might light it and search,
-and if we could find the track of an army we might hang
-him, or do what we pleased with him; and if no sign of
-an army could be found, he would expect more mild
-treatment. Search was made and no sign of an army
-found.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>We then camped, and began to send persons to find
-Ferguson’s track. Chronicle proposed to send Enoch
-Gilmer as one; it was objected to because he was not acquainted
-with the country. Chronicle said that he could
-find out any thing better than those acquainted, for he
-could act any character that he pleased; that he could cry
-and laugh in the same breath, and those best acquainted
-would believe that he was in earnest in both; that he
-could act the fool so that those best acquainted with him
-would believe him to be deranged; that he was a shrewd,
-cunning fellow, and a stranger to fear. Hence he was
-[sent] among others. He went to a Tory’s house on
-Ferguson’s trail and stated to him that he had been
-waiting on Ferguson’s way from Twitty’s Ford to Ninety-Six,
-but missed finding him; that he wished to join the
-army. The Tory replied, that after Ferguson had crossed
-the river at Twitty’s Ford, he had received an express from
-<a id='Page_23'></a>Lord Cornwallis for him to join the main army at Charlotte;
-that he had called in Tarleton, and would call in
-his out-posts, and give Gates another defeat, and reduce
-North Carolina to British rule as he had South Carolina
-and Georgia, and would enter Virginia with a larger
-army than ever had been in America. Gilmer gave this
-account to the officers. This was some time in the day.
-They then commenced marching to the Cherokee Ford
-on Broad River. Night came on, and our pilots missed
-their way, the night being dark and occasionally raining,
-so that when we came near to the river it was near day-light;
-and when we came to the river hills it was agreed
-that we would send Enoch Gilmer to see whether Ferguson
-had not been apprised of us and would attack us in
-the river. Orders were given to keep our guns dry, for
-it was raining. Gilmer was gone for some time, when
-his voice was heard in the hollow singing Barney-Linn,
-a favorite black-guard song. This was notice that all
-was right. Orders were given that the largest horses
-should be on the upper side. The order was not obeyed.
-The river was deep, but it was remarked that not one was
-ducked. After passing the river, it was agreed that
-Enoch Gilmer should go ahead, and make all the discoveries
-about Ferguson that he could. He went off in
-a gallop. The officers kept in front of the privates at a
-very slow gait—the men cursing and stating if we were
-to have a battle, to let it be over, &amp;c.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>All were very hungry, and when we would come to a
-cornfield, it was soon pulled. The soldiers would cut
-part of the raw corn off the cobb, and haul the remainder
-to their horses. After travelling some miles, the officers
-saw Gilmer’s horse at a gate about three-quarters of a
-mile ahead. They gave whip to their horses, and went
-at full speed to the gate—alighted, and went into the
-house. Gilmer was sitting at a table eating. Campbell
-<a id='Page_24'></a>exclaimed, “We have got you—you d——d rascal.”
-Gilmer replied, “a true King’s man by G——d.” Campbell
-in order to try Gilmer’s metamorphosis, had provided
-himself with a rope, with a running noose on it, threw it
-over Gilmer’s neck. Gilmer commenced crying and begging.
-Campbell swore that they would hang him on the
-bow of the gate—when Chronicle stated that it was
-wrong to hang him there, for his ghost would haunt the
-women, who were now in tears. Campbell observed that
-was right, that we will hang him on the first stooping
-limb of a tree that they should pass on the road—then
-sending Gilmer along one or two hundred yards, Gilmer
-crying and begging for his life, the rope was taken from
-his neck, and he mounted his horse, and was asked
-what news he had obtained. He stated as follows:—That
-when he came to the Tory’s house, he professed to
-be a true King’s man, that he was wishing to join Col.
-Ferguson, and desired to know where he was, and that
-he had kissed the two Tory women; that the youngest
-of the two informed him, that she had been in Ferguson’s
-camp that morning; that the camp was about three miles
-distant from that place; that she had carried him some
-chickens; that he was camped on a ridge between two
-branches where some deer hunters had a camp the last
-Fall. Major Chronicle and Capt. Mattocks stated that
-the camp referred to was their camp, and that they well
-knew the ground Ferguson was camped on.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Whereupon it was agreed on that they should plan the
-battle, as they knew the ground. They rode a short distance
-by themselves, and reported that it was an excellent
-place to surround Ferguson’s army, as the shooting
-would all be up hill—that there would be no danger
-of our destroying each other; but doubted whether we
-had men enough to surround them. It was then instantly
-agreed on by all the officers, that we would attempt to
-<a id='Page_25'></a>surround our foes. They immediately began to arrange
-their men, without stopping and assigning to each officer
-the part he was to take in surrounding the hill. By the
-time this was done, we were close to our enemy. The
-last whose duty was to be prescribed was Col. Wm.
-Graham with his men, who desired leave of absence,
-alleging that he had received certain intelligence that
-his wife was dying with the colic, about sixteen miles
-off, near Armstrong’s Ford on the South Fork. Campbell
-stated to him that should be the greatest inducement
-for him to stay, that he could carry the news—and
-if we were successful, it would be to her as good as a
-dose of medicine. Graham exclaimed, “Oh my dear,
-dear wife! Must I never see her again?” Campbell in an
-angry tone of voice turned to Major Chronicle, and said
-“shall Col. Graham have leave of absence?” To which
-Chronicle replied—“it is woman’s business, let him go.”
-Campbell told Graham he might go. Graham said he
-must have an escort—Chronicle told him he might have
-one; Graham chose David Dickey. Dickey said that he
-would rather be shot in [battle] than go. Chronicle said—“Dave—You
-must go.” Dickey said he would rather
-be shot on the spot; “but if I must go, I must go, I must.”
-Then Col. Graham and Dickey immediately took to the
-woods, and disappeared.<a id='r6' /><a href='#f6' class='c007'><sup>[6]</sup></a></p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Campbell then mentioned to Chronicle that as Graham
-has gone, you must take his place: Turning to Col. Hambright,
-Campbell asked “have you any objections?” He
-replied, that it was his wish, as Chronicle best knew the
-ground. Whereupon Chronicle called “come on, my
-South Fork boys,” and took the lead.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'><a id='Page_26'></a>The hill was surrounded in a few minutes, and the battle
-commenced. Our enemies had two to our one; of
-course their fire was double that of ours. We killed 247
-of them, and they killed 143 of our side, agreeably to the
-account of E. Gilmer and Joseph Beatty, supposed to be
-the most accurate of any. So that they having choice of
-ground, we fought them two to one; we killed as many
-more of them as they killed of us, and took more prisoners
-than we had men to guard them. But we had not a
-coward to face the hill that day—they all faded off, until
-within ten minutes of the battle, the last coward left us.
-Our equals were scarce, and our superiors hard to find.
-This is the most particular and accurate account, my
-friend, that I can give you.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Whereupon at the head of the Round-About, I made a
-similar statement to our chain-bearers, pack-horsemen,
-&amp;c. Mussentine Matthews made the following reply:
-“Ah! you would have been a formidable and destructive
-set of blue hen’s chickens among eggs, if each one of you
-had been provided with a good stick. When anybody
-pretends to tell the story of that transaction, it would
-be to his credit to play the game of shut mouth.”<a id='r7' /><a href='#f7' class='c007'><sup>[7]</sup></a> This
-elicited the following reply from Gen. Joseph McDowell:</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Before that battle (referring to Ferguson’s defeat,) we
-had sustained two shameful and disastrous defeats—that
-of Gates by treachery; and that of Sumter by carelessness,
-in quick succession one after the other—upon which,
-the Tories flocked to the British camps, and increased
-their numbers to two or three fold; that the country was
-over-run, and fairly deluged with them, so much that
-from the pressure of their numbers, the souls of the brave,
-from necessity were obliged to cower under its weight,
-<a id='Page_27'></a>and none but the bravest of the brave withstood the
-shock.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>At the time when the news of Gates’ defeat reached
-Col. Charles McDowell, he had detached Cols. Shelby
-and Sevier to go round Ferguson’s camp to dislodge
-some British and Tories on the Ennoree, near to Ninety-Six.
-He then sent an express to Shelby to take care of
-himself, for Gates was defeated. Whereupon Shelby
-made the best of his way round Ferguson, and fell in with
-Charles McDowell and the main body, retreating towards
-Gilbert Town. Then it was suggested by Shelby,
-that a sufficient force could be raised over the Mountains,
-with the assistance from Wilkes and Surry counties, to
-defeat Ferguson. This was agreed to by all the officers
-present. The troops were raised without Government
-orders; each man had to furnish his own provisions, arms,
-ammunition, horse, and all his equipage, without the
-value of a gun flint from the public; without pay, or expectation
-of pay or reward, even to the amount of a
-Continental dollar depreciated to eight hundred to one.
-They were all volunteers; they were under no compulsion
-to go, but each man in advance consulted his own
-courage, well knowing he was going to fight before his
-return. They started in a rainy, inclement season of the
-year, without baggage wagon, pack-horse, or tent cloth,
-across the most rugged bar of mountains in the State,
-and almost pathless, having only a hunter’s trail to travel,
-followed Ferguson through all his windings; at length
-over took him at King’s Mountain, where he boasted the
-morning of the battle, that “he was on King’s Mountain,
-and that he was king of that Mountain, and that God
-Almighty could not drive him from it.” There we over-hauled
-him, fought him two to one—hence their fire was
-double that of ours; yet we killed 287 [247] of them, to
-143 they killed of us. Yet the fate of nations and of battles
-<a id='Page_28'></a>turn on a pivot. Ferguson, a prudent officer, finding
-himself beset and surrounded on all sides, ordered his
-regulars, who had muskets and bayonets, to charge
-bayonets on Major Chronicle’s South Fork boys: The
-regulars having discharged their muskets at a short distance
-with effect, in turn the Fork Boys discharged their
-rifles with fatal effect, and retreated, keeping before the
-points of the bayonets about twenty feet, until they loaded
-again, when they discharged their rifles, each man
-dropping his man. This was treatment that British courage
-could not stand; they in turn retreated with precipitation;
-then the flag was hoisted, and all was over.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>If they had succeeded in the charge, it would have
-made a pass-way for his army, and they might have
-turned on our line on the one side of the hill, and defeated
-us in detail, or have made good their march to
-Lord Cornwallis at Charlotte, either of which would have
-been disastrous to the American cause. We had neither
-a coward or a traitor to face the hill that day. We were
-the bravest of the brave; we were a formidable flock of
-blue hen’s chickens of the game blood, of indomitable
-courage, and strangers to fear. We were well provided
-with sticks; we made the egg shells—British and Tory
-skulls—fly, like onion peelings in a windy day; the blue
-cocks flapped their wings and crowed—“we are all for
-Liberty these times;” and all was over; our equals were
-scarce, and our superiors hard to find.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Taking the whole campaign, including the battle, I
-know of no parallel to it in the annals of ancient or
-Modern warfare; the nearest was that of the Grecian
-Leonidas and his army at the battle of Thermopylae with
-the Great Xerxes. Leonidas and his army were found,
-victualled and clothed at public expense; each individual
-of our army had to find at his own expense; Leonidas’
-army were under Governmental orders; we were under
-<a id='Page_29'></a>no government at all, but were volunteers; Leonidas’
-army were furnished with arms and camp equipage: We
-had to find our own arms, ammunition and horses at our
-own expense; Leonidas’ army were under Government
-pay; we were under no pay or reward, or the expectation
-of any; Leonidas’ army had choice of ground at the pass
-at Thermopylae; our enemies had the boasted choice of
-ground; Leonidas’ army had to fight superior numbers—so
-had we; Leonidas had never a coward—neither had
-we any; but Leonidas had a traitor who was his over-throw
-and destruction of all but one man: We had
-neither coward or traitor to face our enemy—hence we
-were successful: Leonidas would have been successful,
-and have defeated or put to flight the great Xerxes
-if he had not had a traitor aboard; Leonidas’ defeat
-was the destruction of the fine country of Greece,
-and the burning and destruction of their fine city of
-Athens, the labor of ages: Our success was the salvation
-of our country and our liberty. There is no
-parallel here: We will see if there is any in modern
-times.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>The generosity and patriotism of the great Washington
-has been justly boasted of; he did not charge the
-United States anything for his services during the Revolution;
-he was found his food and camp equipage by the
-public, and every thing else that he stood in need of;
-his necessary incidental expenses he kept an accurate account
-of, and they were paid by the public; he was paid
-for every thing else but his military services. This has
-been justly considered as great generosity and patriotism,
-and ought never to be forgotten. But this fight of the
-blue hen’s chickens threw this into the shade of an
-eclipse.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Now we will make the comparison. Washington was
-rich, and had no family to provide for; we were poor,
-<a id='Page_30'></a>and had families to provide for; he was provided with a
-horse, victuals, clothing, arms, camp equipage and necessary
-attendance. We had to provide our own horse,
-victuals, clothing, arms, ammunition and blankets at our
-own expense. He charged nothing for his military services;
-neither did we charge any thing for military services,
-nor did we receive anything for them; he fought
-the battles of our country with success; we did the same.
-The expedition against Ferguson, including the battle at
-King’s Mountain, did not cost the State, or the United
-States, the worth of a single Continental dollar depreciated
-down to eight hundred to one. It was all done at
-the expense of bravery of the actors in that transaction.
-There is no parallel here.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>We will now take a view of the situation of the country
-after the defeats of Gates and Sumter, and before Ferguson’s
-defeat. Cornwallis was in Charlotte with a large
-army; Rawdon was in Camden with another large army;
-Leslie was at Winnsborough with a considerable army;
-Cruger at Ninety-Six with a large army; McGirt,
-Cunningham and Brown, each having considerable force,
-carrying on a savage war-fare of murdering, robbing,
-burning and destroying. George Lumpkin, Ben. Moore
-and others in Lincoln county, the chief of plunderers.
-Tarleton &amp; Wemyss having large bodies of dragoons,
-the best mounted of any that were ever in the United
-States. For on the fall of Charleston, the British deluged
-the country with Counterfeit Continental bills, sending
-emissaries through the three Southern States to
-purchase up all the best horses belonging to the Whigs,
-at any price. Beside these armies, numerous squads of
-Tories, whenever they could collect ten or twelve, were
-plundering, robbing, and destroying the last piece of
-whig property they could lay their hands on belonging
-to the whigs. To finish the list, Ferguson with about
-<a id='Page_31'></a>1,200 men, three Fourths Tories, whose principal business
-it was to destroy whig stock: It is to be observed, that
-more than one half of their armies consisted of Tories.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>This is a statement of facts that needs no proof;
-they cannot be contradicted or denied, for every body
-knows them to be true. This statement does not take
-into view the garrisons at Charleston, Savannah, Augusta
-and other places in the lower country, or the numerous
-bodies of Tories in the lower part of North Carolina,
-South Carolina and Georgia completely under British
-rule, and North Carolina at the eve of it. We had no
-army in any of the three Southern States, under Governmental
-orders, of any account that I know of except the
-poor fragments of Gates’ defeated army, lying near the
-Virginia line. Marion’s troops were volunteers, for the
-State was under British rule. The Mecklenburg Hornets
-were volunteers from the counties of Rowan, Lincoln and
-Mecklenburg.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>From this State of things, Cornwallis could easily have
-carried out his avowed purpose of again defeating Gates,
-and entering Virginia, with the most numerous army that
-had been on the Continent, by calling in some of his
-needless out-posts, and these numerous squads of petty-larceny
-plunderers, who were raised from poverty to affluence
-in a few days plundering, and having still the
-expectation of further advancement by getting the whig
-plantations if he had succeeded—the patriotic State of
-Virginia would have had to contend with him and his
-army almost single handed, for it could have received
-little aid from the conquered States, and but little from
-Washington, or the Northern States, as they had their
-hands full with Clinton and his New York Tories. This
-was the most disastrous period for Liberty and Independence
-from the time of its Declaration to the end of the
-war. Liberty and Independence were then shrouded in
-<a id='Page_32'></a>Egyptian darkness. Ferguson’s defeat was the turning
-point in American affairs. The battle, extraordinary as
-it was, was not more extraordinary than its effects were.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Cornwallis on hearing that Ferguson was defeated, immediately
-dropped the notion of again defeating Gates
-and entering Virginia with a numerous army, being already
-galled by the Mecklenburg Hornets, was panic-struck
-to think that he would, alas! have, at the same
-time, to encounter the gaffs and spurs of the blue hens’
-chickens as soon as he could filch a few days provisions
-from under the wings of the Hornets, took night’s leave
-of the Hornets’ Nest, lest he should disturb the wasps,
-made a precipitate retrograde march, stopping neither
-night nor day until he joined Leslie of Winnsborough.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Instantly after Ferguson’s defeat, McGirt, Cunningham
-and Brown quit their robbing, murdering, burning and
-destroying, and played the game of “the least in sight,”
-and “shut-mouth” into the bargain. Lumpkin, Moore,
-etc., fled to Nocachey; the petty larceny squads of Tories
-began to seek their hiding places and holes, like rats and
-mice when the cat would make her appearance. When
-Generals Greene and Morgan came from the North with
-all the force that could be spared from that quarter, with
-the fragments of Gates’ defeated army, the brave and
-cautious Gen. Morgan found that he was unable to fight
-Tarleton, fled before him, until Williams’ troops, being
-chiefly South Carolina and Georgia refugees, who fought
-under Williams at Ferguson’s defeat, and the other troops
-who lived on the east side of the mountains, who fought
-at the same place, heard of Morgan’s retreating before
-Tarleton, and rushed to his assistance. Being thus reinforced,
-Gen. Morgan turned about and defeated Tarleton
-at the Cowpens; Gen. Greene had to retreat before Lord
-Cornwallis until reinforced by the Mecklenburg Hornets,
-composed of volunteers from Rowan, Lincoln and
-<a id='Page_33'></a>Mecklenburg counties. Greene turned upon Cornwallis, and
-at Guilford made an equal fight, neither having the victory.
-How would it have been with Generals Greene
-and Morgan if Ferguson had not been defeated? Tarleton’s
-force would have been greatly increased, and Cornwallis’
-army would have been more than double the number
-that appeared on the field of battle at Guilford. All
-then that Morgan and Greene could have done would
-have been to retreat and keep out of their way, and permit
-Cornwallis, agreeably to his avowed intention, to have
-entered Virginia with the most numerous army that had
-been in the field since the commencement of the war.
-Virginia would then have had to contend single-handed
-with that formidable force, with the assistance of Gen.
-Greene.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>In short, Ferguson’s defeat was the turning point in
-American affairs. The loss of this battle would, in all
-probability, have been the loss of American Independence
-and the liberty we now enjoy. I never on any occasion
-feel such dignified pride as when I think that my
-name counts one of the number that faced the hill at
-King’s Mountain the day of that battle. Others may
-think and speak disrespectfully of that transaction who
-are in favor of monarchy and individual oppression; but
-that is not Joseph McDowell, nor you, my friend Bob.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>I have written down my narrative, and Gen. McDowell’s
-reply to Musentine Matthews which he delivered to the
-boys at head of the Round-About, on the Stone Mountain,
-as nearly as memory would serve—thinking that
-reading it might fill up a blank in your leisure hours, reflecting
-on the situation of the times to which the recited
-facts refer.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
- <div class='nf-center'>
- <div>Your Friend,</div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='c008'>D. VANCE.</div>
-
-<hr class='c009' />
-<div class='footnote' id='f4'>
-<p class='c015'><span class='label'><a href='#r4'>4</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>Member of the House of Commons from Burke, 1791.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class='footnote' id='f5'>
-<p class='c015'><span class='label'><a href='#r5'>5</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>Member of House Commons from Iredell from 1789 to 1802.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class='footnote' id='f6'>
-<p class='c015'><span class='label'><a href='#r6'>6</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>Col. William Graham must not be confounded with Major (afterwards General)
-Joseph Graham. They were not related to each other—Col. Graham came from
-Augusta County, Virginia and settled on the First Broad river then Tryon now Cleveland
-County. He married Susan, daughter of William Twitty. Previous to this
-battle he had been a good soldier and Indian fighter and was a popular man. See
-an honorable sketch of him in “Hunters’s Sketches of North Carolina,” p. 522.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class='footnote' id='f7'>
-<p class='c015'><span class='label'><a href='#r7'>7</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>All we know about Mussentine Matthews is that he represented Iredell County in
-the House of Commons from 1789 to 1802 continuously. He was either a Tory or a
-cynic, it seems.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-<div class='chapter'>
- <a id='Page_34'></a>
- <h2 class='c004'><span class='xlarge'>ROBERT HENRY’S ACCOUNT.</span></h2>
-</div>
-<p class='c005'>I will now relate a few facts relative to the battle at
-King’s Mountain that came within my own view, and not
-related by Col. Vance. In Vance’s narrative, he refers
-to Col. W. Graham’s and David Dickey’s leaving the
-army to visit his wife, and Major Billy Chronicle taking
-his place, and calling on his South Fork boys to follow
-him. At that time Enoch Gilmer called on Hugh
-Ewin, Adam Barry and myself to follow him close to the
-foot of the hill. We marched with a quick step, letting
-Major Chronicle advance about ten steps before us, but
-further from the hill than we were, until we met the wing
-from the other side of the hill, then Chronicle having a
-military hat, but had let it down to shelter the rain from
-him, and had it not set up, clapped his hand to it in front,
-and raised it up, and cried “Face to the hill.” The
-words were scarcely uttered, when a ball struck him and
-he dropped; and in a second after a ball struck Wm.
-Rabb, about six feet from Chronicle,<a id='r8' /><a href='#f8' class='c007'><sup>[8]</sup></a> and he dropped.
-We then advanced up the hill close to the Tory lines:
-There was a log across a hollow that I took my stand by;
-and stepping one step back, I was safe from the British
-fire. I there remained firing until the British charged
-bayonets. When they made the charge, they first fired
-their guns, at which fire it is supposed they killed Capt.
-Mattocks, and J. Boyd, wounded Wm. Gilmer and John
-Chittim. The Fork boys fired and did considerable execution.
-I was preparing to fire when one of the British
-advancing, I stepped [back] and was in the act of cocking
-my gun when his bayonet was running along the
-<a id='Page_35'></a>barrel of my gun, and gave me a thrust through my hand
-and into my thigh; my antagonist and myself both fell.
-The Fork boys retreated and loaded their guns. I was
-then lying under the smoke, and it appeared that some
-of them were not more than a gun’s length in front of the
-bayonets, and the farthest could not have been more
-than twenty feet in front when they discharged their
-rifles. It was said that every one dropped his man.
-The British then retreated in great haste, and were pursued
-by the Fork boys.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Wm. Caldwell saw my condition, and pulled the bayonet
-out of my thigh, but it hung to my hand; he gave
-my hand a kick, and went on. The thrust gave me much
-pain, but the pulling of it [out] was much more severe.
-With my well hand I picked up my gun, and found her
-discharged. I suppose that when the soldier made the
-thrust, I gripped the trigger and discharged her—the
-load must have passed through his bladder and cut a
-main artery of his back, as he bled profusely.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Immediately after Wm. Caldwell drew the bayonet
-from me, then the word was that the flag was up—the
-whigs then shouted “Hurra for Liberty,” three times at
-the top of their voices. It was immediately announced
-that Ferguson was killed. I had a desire to see him, and
-went and found him dead; he was shot in the face, and
-in the breast. It was said he had received other wounds.
-Samuel Talbot turned him over, and got his pocket pistol.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Being in much pain and drouthy, went down, left my
-gun, being unable to carry her, and when I got near to
-the branch met David Dickey and Col. Wm. Graham
-riding his large black horse, wielding his sword round his
-head, crying at the top of his voice, “Dam the Tories,”
-and ascended the hill. Having seen him get leave of
-absence at the commencement of the battle to see his
-wife, I was filled with excitement and a conflict of
-<a id='Page_36'></a>passion and extreme pain; but this brought on another set
-of feelings, that may be understood, but I am not possessed
-of language to describe.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>I then went into the branch, drank, bathed my thigh
-and hand—then went to see whether Major Chronicle and
-Wm. Rabb were dead or wounded—found them dead. I
-saw some of the boys hauling Capt. Mattocks and John
-Boyd down the hill; and Samuel Martin carrying Wm.
-Gilmer, who was wounded in the thigh.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Several of the South Fork boys were desirous to start
-for home that night, and were desirous to know how
-many were killed on each side. Joseph Beatty and
-Enoch Gilmer were appointed for that purpose of counting:
-They reported that 248 British and Tories were
-killed, and that 143 whigs were killed; they gave no account
-of the wounded.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>In the mean time Hugh Ewin, Andrew Barry and Nathaniel
-Cook brought their horses and mine; put me on
-my horse, but could not take my gun. We rode over
-the battle-ground; saw in some places the dead lay thick,
-and other places thin. We went about five miles from
-the battle-ground, and staid for the night. My wounds
-pained me extremely. Sunday morning we started for
-home. When we came to the South Fork, the waters
-were high, and my company would not suffer me to ride
-the river, but took me across in a canoe, and hauled me
-home in a slide.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>I continued in extreme pain when my mother made a
-poultice of wet ashes, and applied it to my wounds. This
-gave me the first ease. On Monday morning by sun-rise
-Hugh Ewin and Andrew Barry came to see me, and immediately
-after came several Neutralists, as they called
-themselves, but were really Tories, to hear the news
-about the battle, when the following dialogue took place
-between Ewin and Barry on one part, and the Tories on
-<a id='Page_37'></a>the other: Is it certain that Col. Ferguson is killed, and
-his army defeated and taken prisoners?</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>E. and B. It is certain, for we saw Ferguson after he
-was dead, and his army prisoners.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Tory. How many men had Col. Ferguson?</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>E. and B. Nearly 1200, but not quite 1200.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Tory. Where did they get men enough to defeat him?</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>E. and B. They had the South Carolina and Georgia
-Refugees, Col. Graham’s men, some from Virginia, some
-from the head of the Yadkin, some from the head of the
-Catawba, some from over the mountains, and some from
-every where else.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Tory. Tell us how it happened, and all about it.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>E. and B. We met at Gilbert Town, and found that the
-foot troops could not overtake Ferguson, and we took between
-six and seven hundred horsemen, having as many
-or more footmen to follow; and we overtook Ferguson at
-King’s Mountain, where we surrounded and defeated him.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Tory. Ah! That won’t do. Between Six and seven
-hundred to surround nearly 1200. It would take more
-than 2000 to surround and take Col. Ferguson.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>E. and B. But we were all of us blue hen’s chickens.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Tory. There must have been of your foot and horse in
-all over 4000. We see what you are about—that is, to
-catch Lord Cornwallis napping.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Thus ended the dialogue, not more than two hours
-after sun-rise on Monday; and the Neutralists or Tories
-immediately departed. It was reported that they immediately
-swam a horse across the Catawba river by the
-side of a canoe (the Catawba was much higher than the
-South Fork,) and gave Lord Cornwallis the news of
-Ferguson’s defeat.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Before my wounds were well, I went to Charlotte, and
-after Cornwallis had left it, where I met a David Knox,
-a brother or near relation of James Knox, the
-<a id='Page_38'></a>grandfather of President Polk, who gave me the following information,
-to wit: That on Monday next after Ferguson’s
-defeat, he, Knox, being a prisoner in the street in Charlotte,
-that an officer came to the officer of the guard, and
-the following dialogue took place.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>The first officer said to the officer of the guard, Did
-you hear the news?</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Officer of Guard. No, what news?</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>First Officer. Col. Ferguson is killed, and his whole
-army defeated and taken prisoners.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Officer of Guard. How can that be—where did the
-men come from to do that?</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>First Officer. Some of them were from South Carolina
-and Georgia Refugees, some from Virginia, some from
-the head of the Yadkin, some from the head of Catawba,
-some from over the Mountains, and some from every
-where else: They met at Gilbert Town, about 2000 desperadoes
-on horseback, calling themselves blue hen’s
-chickens—started in pursuit of Ferguson, leaving as many
-footmen to follow. They overtook Col. Ferguson at a
-place called King’s Mountain; there they killed Col.
-Ferguson after surrounding his army, defeated them and
-took them prisoners.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Officer of Guard. Can this be true?</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>First Officer. As true as the gospel, and we may look
-out for breakers.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Officer of Guard. God bless us!</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Whereupon David Knox jumped on a pile of fire-wood
-in the street, slapped his hands and thighs, and crowed
-like a cock, exclaiming “Day is at hand!” Hence he
-was called Peter’s Cock, having some analogy to the crowing
-of the cock when Peter denied his Lord the third
-time.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>It was generally considered about Charlotte and elsewhere,
-that this exaggerated account, given by the Neutralists,
-<a id='Page_39'></a>of Col. Campbell’s army, foot and horse, at 4000,
-which carried a strong air of plausibility with it, was the
-reason why Lord Cornwallis immediately left Charlotte
-in the night, after the waters were passable, and did not
-stop day nor night until he met Gen. Leslie at or near
-Winnsborough.</p>
-<p class='c016'><span class='sc'>Mem.</span>—<span class='small'>Carefully transcribed from the original Manuscript in
-Robert Henry’s hand-writing, sent me by mail for the purpose,
-by Dr. J. F. E. Hardy, of Asheville, N. C., Jan. 26th, 27th, 28th
-and early the 29th, 1874.</span></p>
-<div class='c008'>L. C. DRAPER.</div>
-
-<hr class='c009' />
-<div class='footnote' id='f8'>
-<p class='c015'><span class='label'><a href='#r8'>8</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>There is an interesting sketch of Major William Chronicle in “Hunter’s Sketches
-of North Carolina.” He lived in the S. E. part of Lincoln, now Gaston county, was
-born in 1755; his mother first married a McKee, and lived near Armstrong’s ford:
-When McKee died she married a Chronicle, by whom she had Major William
-Chronicle. Perhaps Col. Graham would have shared Chronicle’s fate, at the hand of
-the sharpshooters if he had remained.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-<div class='chapter'>
- <a id='Page_41'></a>
- <h2 class='c004'><span class='xlarge'>DAVID VANCE.</span></h2>
-</div>
-<p class='c005'>When the war between the States began, there still
-lived in North Carolina men and women who had come
-down to us from Revolutionary times. They were the
-repositories of many interesting anecdotes and reminiscences
-of that stirring period. In addition, a mass of documentary
-matter had been collected by Hawks, Wheeler,
-Swain, Graham and others ready for the pen of the historian.
-But the dreadful “clash of resounding arms” in
-1861, and the equally momentous events which followed
-the close of military hostilities suspended completely all
-efforts in this direction and the minds of men were absorbed
-in the great political and social questions of the
-times which involved the very existence of the community.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>With returning peace and prosperity loyal hearts and
-loving hands resumed the work of historical research, but
-alas! much precious time and valuable matter had been
-irretrievably lost. The survivors of the patriots of 1776-’81
-had passed away and in their graves had been buried
-the treasures of their recollections; and many valuable
-papers collected with much care had been destroyed.
-Yet much has been done and much remains to be done.
-We can “gather up the fragments” and preserve them
-for those who may come after us. Incidents, trifling in
-themselves apparently, but which exhibit the manners of
-the times and illustrate the character of the men who
-took part in the establishment of our government, now
-become of great interest. In addition there is the obligation—“a
-pleasing burden”—we bear to preserve the
-memory and perpetuate the virtues of those brave and
-good men to whose suffering and wisdom we are indebted
-for the blessings we enjoy.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>The following sketch of one who took an active part in
-<a id='Page_42'></a>the early history of western North Carolina has been prepared
-chiefly for the use of his descendants. It has been
-decided to print it in order that if it shall contain anything
-of general interest it will be the more easily preserved.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>David Vance was descended from that remarkable people,
-known as Scotch-Irish, who were among the earliest
-settlers of the Southern colonies, and from the beginning
-exercised a powerful influence in every department of affairs.
-His father, Samuel, about the middle of the
-eighteenth century, lived in Frederick county, Virginia,
-near “Zane’s Iron Works.” His wife was Miss Colville,
-and of this marriage there were five sons and three daughters;
-David, the eldest, having been born about the year
-1745. His father removed to south-western Virginia and
-settled near Abingdon in 1776, where some of his descendants
-still reside. At what period David came to
-North Carolina is not precisely known, but about the
-year 1775 he married, in what is now Burke, but was then
-Rowan county, Priscilla Brank; and here, pursuing his
-avocation of surveyor and school-teacher, the beginning
-of the Revolutionary war found him. He seems to have
-been among the first in North Carolina who took up arms
-in support of the cause of the Colonies. He was commissioned
-Ensign in the Second North Carolina Continental
-Regiment on the 8th of June, 1776, and in April
-following was promoted to a Lieutenancy. He served
-with his regiment until May or June 1778 when, because
-of decimation from losses in battle and from sickness the
-regiments composing the North Carolina Brigade were
-consolidated by act of the Provincial Congress, he, with
-many other officers, according to Col. John Patton’s return
-of September 9th, 1778, was sent to Carolina to be
-assigned to one of the four regiments which were to be
-thereafter organized in North Carolina. He was with his
-<a id='Page_43'></a>regiment at Brandywine, Germantown, Monmouth, and
-during that dreadful winter of 1777-’78 at Valley Forge,
-and doubtless took part in all the other minor engagements
-of those campaigns. One of his daughters used
-to tell his grand-children that, during the privations of
-the winter at Valley Forge, the officers endeavored to
-keep up the spirits of their men by promoting games,
-contests and other amusements, and her father brought
-home from the war a “Spanish Milled dollar” which had
-been presented to him by Washington as the prize won
-in a running match.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>It does not seem that he ever re-entered the regular
-service, but resided with his family on the Catawba river,
-near Morganton, during the year 1778 and 1779, teaching
-school. He was the neighbor and fast friend of Charles
-and Joseph McDowell. When the seat of war was transferred
-from the Northern to the Southern Colonies and
-the campaigns of 1780-’81 opened in the Carolinas, he
-again became an active participant in the field, serving
-under Generals Rutherford, Davidson and Morgan in the
-militia and other temporary forces raised from time to
-time to meet the emergencies resulting from Cornwallis’
-invasion. He fought at Ramseur’s Mill, Musgrove’s Mill,
-Cowpens (probably), and on that glorious day at King’s
-Mountain, where the long struggle for independence and
-the destiny of a continent were decided. In his narrative
-of the events connected with that battle he says he
-“was a captain.” It is presumable therefore that in the
-forces hastily gathered for the purpose of resisting the
-advance of the British, he commanded a company, most
-probably in the battalion under Major Joseph McDowell.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>The war having been ended and the independence of
-his country secured, he resumed his peaceful pursuits, taking,
-however, his share of the burden and responsibility
-in the grave task of establishing a form of government
-<a id='Page_44'></a>suitable to the condition and wants of the people. It is
-impossible for us now to appreciate the gravity of the
-situation which presented itself to the men of those times.
-The imperfect records which have been preserved of the
-discussions of the problems they were called upon to
-solve disclose the anxieties and difficulties which surrounded
-them. Much as we admire their bravery, endurance
-and skill in war, it was in the border-fields of politics and
-statesmanship their wisdom and patriotism were more
-fully displayed. When we reflect upon the result of their
-labors and recall the prosperity and happiness the whole
-country so long enjoyed in consequence, we are almost
-impelled to believe the marvellous sagacity they exhibited
-was of divine inspiration.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Captain Vance, as he was then called, represented
-Burke county in the General Assembly of 1785-’86 and
-in 1791. He was one of the commissioners appointed by
-the legislature of 1785 to carry into effect the act passed
-at that session for the relief of the “officers, soldiers and
-seamen who had been disabled in the service of the United
-States” in the late war, and to adjust the controversies
-arising from the entries of public lands in “the District of
-Morgan.”</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Soon after the treaty of peace with Great Britain, hostilities
-with the Cherokee Indians, who then occupied that
-portion the State west of the Blue Ridge, ceased, and
-the fertile lands of the French Broad Valley began to attract
-the attention of the emigrant. Some time between
-the years of 1785 and 1790, Captain Vance crossed the
-mountains with his family and settled at the head of the
-lovely little valley of Reems Creek. He here acquired a
-large and valuable body of land upon which he built a
-comfortable home—yet standing, a good type of the substantial
-frontier architecture—in which he reared his family
-and resided the balance of his life.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'><a id='Page_45'></a>This territory was in then Burke county. At the session
-of the General Assembly of 1791, Captain Vance introduced
-and had passed the bill creating the county of Buncombe.
-As this is the genesis of that now famous county,
-it will not be inappropriate to insert here an extract from
-the Journal of the House of Commons for Saturday, December
-17th, 1791, the General Assembly then sitting at
-New Berne:</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>“Mr. Vance presented the petition of the inhabitants
-of that part of Burke county lying west of the Appalachian
-Mountain, praying that a part of Rutherford county
-be made into a separate and distinct county. Mr. William
-Davidson presented a petition to the same effect; both of
-which being read, Mr. Vance moved for leave and presented
-a bill to answer the prayer of the said petitions, which
-was read the first time, passed and sent to the Senate.”</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>The Journal of the Senate shows that the bill was received
-and passed by that body on the same day. The
-Mr. William Davidson referred to in this extract was the
-representative from Rutherford county, and at that time
-resided on the south side of the Swannanoa river not far
-from the present site of the city of Asheville, that part of
-Buncombe then being, or supposed to be in Rutherford
-county.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>At the organization of the county of Buncombe in April
-1792, David Vance was chosen clerk of the County Court,
-which position he continuously occupied until his death.
-Some of the records of that court while he was its clerk
-are extant, and the beauty of his chirography, the order
-and neatness, as well as the accuracy of his entries, bear
-witness of his entire qualifications for the duties of his
-office.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>A story is related of him in connection with his office
-of clerk, which shows something of the manners of
-the time and the character of the man. On one occasion
-<a id='Page_46'></a>two young men called at his house, one of whom desired
-to procure a marriage license. They were invited to enter,
-and the Captain soon produced from his side-board,
-a decanter, from which he invited them to refresh themselves.
-They did so, whereupon the Captain replaced his
-decanter and proceeded to dispatch the business for which
-they had come. When they were about to leave, one of
-the young men ventured to ask for another dram. The
-old gentleman indignantly refused, and proceeded to read
-the young man a lecture, which perhaps he never forgot,
-winding up with the declaration that “such a request had
-never before been heard of in the house of a gentleman.”</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>About the time he was elected clerk, he was appointed
-colonel of militia for Buncombe—a position then, and for
-many years after, regarded as the highest dignity and influence
-in the county organizations. Thereafter he was
-known as Colonel Vance.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>He, with Gen. Joseph McDowell and Mussendine Matthews
-were appointed commissioners by act of the General
-Assembly at the session of 1796 to settle and mark
-the boundary line between the States of North Carolina
-and Tennessee. Although the act was passed in 1796 the
-commissioners did not run the line until the year 1799.
-They began at White Top Mountain, a point where the
-boundaries of North Carolina, Virginia and Tennessee
-meet and ran westwardly, locating the boundary between
-Tennessee and North Carolina, to a point at the eastern
-end of the great Smoky Mountains in a gap near where
-the present Cattalooche turnpike leading from Waynesville
-to Tennessee, crosses Mt. Starling. This, at that
-time, was supposed to be the eastern boundary of the Indian
-Territory.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>It was while running this line, the incident occurred
-which gave rise to the preparation of the accounts of the
-campaign and Battle of King’s Mountain by Colonel
-<a id='Page_47'></a>Vance and Robert Henry, Esquire, (the latter being one
-of the surveyors appointed by the commissioners) known
-as the “Vance-Henry Narrative.”</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>He survived until the early part of the year 1813, when,
-having faithfully and honorably accepted and discharged
-the duties which the conditions of his life demanded;
-having justly acquired the love and veneration of his fellow-citizens;
-having lived long enough to see the great
-principles for which he had fought securely established
-and his countrymen marching onward toward a glorious
-and happy future, he peacefully died, leaving behind him
-the record of a life worthy of the emulation of all men
-and one which his descendants may proudly contemplate
-and fondly cherish.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>He was buried on a beautiful knoll a short distance
-north of his residence, a spot selected by himself as a
-last resting-place, and which, it is said, he often spoke of
-as “a beautiful place from which to arise on the Resurrection
-Morn.”</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>He left surviving him, his wife, three sons, Samuel, David
-and Robert Brank, and five daughters, Jean, who
-married Hugh Davidson; Elizabeth, who married Mitchell
-Davidson and after his death Samuel W. Davidson; Sarah,
-who married —— McLean; Priscilla who married
-—— Whitson, and Celia, who married Benjamin S. Brittain.
-Samuel and Jean, Sarah and Priscilla, with their
-husbands, about the beginning of this century, removed
-to and settled upon the lands in Tennessee on the Duck
-river, which their father had provided for them. They
-numerous children, some of whom, together with many
-of their children, still reside in the vicinity. The late Judge
-Hugh Law Davidson and his brother Robert B. Davidson,
-who is still living, a highly esteemed citizen and a member
-of the Bar at Shelbyville, Tennessee, were the sons of
-Jean.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'><a id='Page_48'></a>David lived and died in the county of Buncombe. He
-was the father of Hon. Zebulon B. Vance and Gen. Robert
-B. Vance.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Elizabeth and her husband settled on Jonathans creek
-in Haywood county, where they reared a large family.
-Hon. Allen T. Davidson, now living in Asheville, is one of
-their sons.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Robert Brank, never married, suffering from a physical
-infirmity which forbade a more active life, was carefully
-educated and became a physician, though he never practiced
-his profession. He resided in Asheville. While
-still quite young, he entered public life and was elected
-to Congress, succeeding Felix Walker, the first representative
-from the Transmontane District. At the next
-election he was defeated by Hon. Samuel Carson, and in
-November following was killed in a duel with that gentleman—the
-unhappy event being the result of their
-canvas.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Celia, the youngest child, with her husband, located in
-that part of the county of Haywood subsequently included
-in Macon county; but soon afterwards upon the organization
-of Cherokee county removed to Murphy, where
-she died in 1876, leaving a number of children and grand-children,
-many of whom reside in that vicinity, useful and
-respected citizens.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>Although the condition of the country denied to Colonel
-Vance the opportunities for collegiate training, he
-seems to have had a taste for books. At the time of his
-death he had accumulated a respectable library for that
-period. He was careful that his children should enjoy all
-the educational advantages which were accessible to
-them.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>He was distinguished among his contemporaries for his
-soundness of judgment, integrity of conduct, firmness of
-purpose and public spirit.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'><a id='Page_49'></a>He accumulated a handsome estate for those times,
-which he disposed of by will prepared by himself. It is
-an exceedingly interesting document, and perhaps no
-better index to his character now remains to us or a more
-fitting close of this imperfect sketch can be made than
-that contained in the following extracts from it:</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>“I hope I may be excused for expatiating in divers
-parts of this last solemn act upon subjects that require
-clearness and plainness, for I have heard of so many instances
-of confusion and disagreement in families, and so
-much doubt and difficulty for want of absolute clearness
-in the testaments of departed persons, that I have often
-concluded (were there no other reasons but those which
-respect the peace of surviving friends) that the last act
-as to its designation and operation, ought not to be the
-last in its composition or making; but should be the result
-of cool deliberation; and (as is more frequently than
-justly said) of a sound mind and memory, which are seldom
-to be met with, but with sound health. All pretenses
-of insanity of mind are likewise prevented when a testator
-is pointed and clear in what he wills; all cavils about
-words are obviated; the obliged are assured, and they enjoy
-the benefit, for whom the benefit was intended.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>“I, David Vance, of the county of Buncombe, in the
-State of North Carolina, being of sound and perfect
-mind and memory, as I hope these presents, drawn up
-by myself and written with my own hand, will testify,”
-&amp;c.</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>In disposing of some old slaves, he directs:</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>“It is my will and desire that they have full liberty,
-and I do by these presents give them full liberty, to go
-and live with any of my children where their own children
-live, not as slaves, but as old acquaintances, who
-labored and spent their strength to raise my said children
-and their own also. I enjoin it upon my children
-<a id='Page_50'></a>who may have the children of said black old people not
-to confine them, but to let them go awhile to one, and
-awhile to another, where their children may be; and I
-enjoin it upon my children to see that the evenings of
-the lives of those black people slide down as comfortable
-as may be. **** And I charge and adjure my
-negroes, old and young, as they will answer to God, to
-be obedient and obliging to their mistress and not vex or
-contrary her in old age. ****</p>
-
-<p class='c006'>“And now, having disposed of and settled all my worldly
-business and concerns, do I with a lively faith, humbly
-lay hold of the meritorious death and sufferings of Christ
-Jesus and hope and trust thro’ His atonement to triumph
-in redeeming love, the ceaseless age of eternity.”</p>
-
-<div class='figcenter id002'>
-<img src='images/colophon.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-<p class='c017'><span class='large'>TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE</span></p>
-
-<p class='c018'>Punctuation has been normalized.</p>
-
-<p class='c015'>Variations in hyphenation have been retained as they
-were in the original publication.</p>
-
-<p class='c015'>Footnotes have been renumbered and relocated
-at the end of each chapter.</p>
-
-<p class='c015'>The following typographical errors have been fixed:</p>
-
-<table class='table0' summary=''>
-<colgroup>
-<col width='13%' />
-<col width='43%' />
-<col width='43%' />
-</colgroup>
- <tr>
- <td class='c019'>Page</td>
- <td class='c020'>Original</td>
- <td class='c021'>As Corrected</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c019'>9</td>
- <td class='c020'>Tuckoseage</td>
- <td class='c021'>Tuckaseage</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c019'>10</td>
- <td class='c020'>to to hasten</td>
- <td class='c021'>to hasten</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c019'>11</td>
- <td class='c020'>staightened</td>
- <td class='c021'>straightened</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c019'>11</td>
- <td class='c020'>by the the time</td>
- <td class='c021'>by the time</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c019'>15</td>
- <td class='c020'>firece</td>
- <td class='c021'>fierce</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c019'>20</td>
- <td class='c020'>Monntain</td>
- <td class='c021'>Mountain</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c019'>21</td>
- <td class='c020'>Willams</td>
- <td class='c021'>Williams</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c019'>22</td>
- <td class='c020'>occassionally</td>
- <td class='c021'>occasionally</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c019'>25</td>
- <td class='c020'>Carolna</td>
- <td class='c021'>Carolina</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c019'>26</td>
- <td class='c020'>minntes</td>
- <td class='c021'>minutes</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c019'>26</td>
- <td class='c020'>continously</td>
- <td class='c021'>continuously</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c019'>28</td>
- <td class='c020'>pealings</td>
- <td class='c021'>peelings</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c019'>28, 29,</td>
- <td class='c020'>Thermopyle</td>
- <td class='c021'>Thermopylae</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c019'>28</td>
- <td class='c020'>Geat</td>
- <td class='c021'>Great</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c019'>30</td>
- <td class='c020'>ammuition</td>
- <td class='c021'>ammunition</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c019'>30</td>
- <td class='c020'>emmisaries</td>
- <td class='c021'>emissaries</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c019'>33</td>
- <td class='c020'>fiill</td>
- <td class='c021'>fill</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c019'>34</td>
- <td class='c020'>Willam</td>
- <td class='c021'>William</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c019'>41</td>
- <td class='c020'>establishmant</td>
- <td class='c021'>establishment</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c019'>43</td>
- <td class='c020'>batallion</td>
- <td class='c021'>battalion</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class='c019'>46, 47,</td>
- <td class='c020'>Tennesse</td>
- <td class='c021'>Tennessee</td>
- </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c015'>Variant spellings of the names
-Beatty and Beattie have been maintained.</p>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<pre>
-
-
-
-
-
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-Ford, February 1st, 1781, by Robert Henry
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