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diff --git a/old/50076-0.txt b/old/50076-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 9fd7582..0000000 --- a/old/50076-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,994 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Memoir of Transactions That Took Place in -St. Domingo, in the Spring of 1799, by Marcus Rainsford - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: A Memoir of Transactions That Took Place in St. Domingo, in the Spring of 1799 - Affording an Idea of the Present State of that Country, - the Real Character of Its Black Governor, Toussaint - L'ouverture, and the Safety of our West-India Islands, - from Attack or Revolt - -Author: Marcus Rainsford - -Release Date: September 29, 2015 [EBook #50076] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MEMOIR TRANSACTIONS--ST. DOMINGO, 1799 *** - - - - -Produced by readbueno and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - - - - - - - - - - A - _MEMOIR_ - OF - TRANSACTIONS - - THAT TOOK PLACE IN - - _ST. DOMINGO,_ - - IN THE SPRING OF 1799; - - AFFORDING AN IDEA OF THE - - PRESENT STATE OF THAT COUNTRY - - THE REAL CHARACTER OF ITS BLACK GOVERNOR, - - =Toussaint L’ouverture,= - - AND THE - SAFETY OF OUR WEST-INDIA ISLANDS - FROM ATTACK OR REVOLT; - - INCLUDING - - _THE RESCUE OF A BRITISH OFFICER - UNDER SENTENCE OF DEATH_. - - ------- - - Inest sua Gratia parvis. - - ------- - - BY - CAPTAIN RAINSFORD, - TWENTY-FOUR YEARS AN OFFICER IN HIS MAJESTY’S ARMY. - - -------------- - - _LONDON_: - - PRINTED BY R. B. SCOTT. - At his Office In St. Clement’s Lane, Strand. - - SOLD BY EDWARD LAWRENCE, IN THE STRAND, - NEARLY OPPOSITE BEAUFORT BUILDINGS. - 1802. - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - ADVERTISEMENT. - - -------------- - - -Very little will be expected in the following pages when coming from the -pen of a Soldier; but that little will be found to be _his own_; and -this on a Subject of much doubt and importance may possibly protract its -existence in an age of compilation! He is however, better satisfied to -consider it as a small emanation of gratitude to a singular man, who in -the possession of extraordinary power, did not use it unworthily. - - London, January, 6, 1802 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - A - - MEMOIR, - - _ETC._ - - -------------- - - -The object of public attention is ever the sport of public rumour; and -truth is not infrequently affected by the fabrications of the idle and -the ignorant, when men and things are misrepresented by popular -prejudice. - -The present armament of Bonaparte against St. Domingo, and the general -alarm for the safety of our colonial possessions from the powerful -situation of the Brigands in that island, have occasioned much -conjecture, but produced no authentic information, while on a subject of -such importance it becomes a duty in those competent in any degree, to -relieve the anxiety of the public mind. Had Bryan Edwards lived, we -should not so long have fluctuated in uncertainty. - -The present writer has by no means presumed to increase the number of -ephemeral details, as contradictory as untrue, which have been offered -to the public, of transactions that have now too long deformed this -delightful country. In the dangerous duties of his profession, the -common accidents of war afforded him a peculiar opportunity of judging -(among other affairs) of the present state of St. Domingo, of its -defence, and of the character of its extraordinary Governor. - -The events themselves, with the opinions resulting from them, form, -then, the subject of these pages; and authenticity will supply the place -of the decorations of style. To preclude, however, the possibility of -doubt, I think it necessary to say thus much of myself:— - -Born of a respectable family in the kingdom of Ireland (where my elder -brother, Counsellor Rainsford, now enjoys the liberal fortune of our -ancestors)[1] I early embraced the military profession, and joined a -regiment under the command of the Earl of Moira, in which I served -during the American war. Our corps was considerably employed during two -campaigns, and was in the memorable battles of Camden, &c. I afterwards -unfortunately left that regiment to enter into a provincial one, -commanded by the late Lord Charles Montague, and served in Jamaica four -years. On the commencement of the present war, I went to the continent -in the corps of Royal Fusileers commanded by Colonel Hardy, and shared -its complicated hardships during the retreat.[2] - -I was removed in May, 1795, through the interest of my inestimable -brother-in-law, General Doyle, to a black corps, to be raised in the -West Indies, under the command of General Keppel. I went to Barbadoes, -and from thence to Jamaica, where the corps was to be raised. I arrived -on the 17th of August, and continued on duty till a severe attack of the -yellow fever compelled my return in his Majesty’s ship, Sampson. After -recovering in England, at the instance of his Royal Highness the Duke of -York I went to Martinique in 1798, but it not being understood by -General Keppel that his corps was to be levied there, he ordered me back -to Jamaica, from whence, I found on my arrival, the officers had sailed -for England. - -Desirous, as I always am, of being with my regiment, to facilitate that -object I undertook the mode of returning to Martinique by beating up to -the island of St. Thomas, an exertion of considerable difficulty and -danger. This, however, I but little regarded; and Admiral Smith, with -whom I had been long acquainted, kindly accommodated me in his cabin on -board the Hannibal to the Mole St. Nicholas. Losing no opportunity of -proceeding on my voyage, I went on board a little Danish schooner, -commanded by Mr. Frazer. - -We had not been many days at sea, when a violent hurricane having -dismasted the vessel, drove us under the walls of Cape François. Thus -unfortunately commenced the opportunities of obtaining that information -and forming that judgment of the Present State of St. Domingo, which I -am about to submit to the public. Had I conceived it possible, at that -time, that a relation of facts respecting that unhappy country would -have become so interesting to my friends, I might from these -opportunities have collected much respecting it, and been enabled to -communicate what I collected in a better form. - -Thus situated, the Brigand boats soon came out to meet us; and it was -recommended to me, as the only means to prevent the confiscation of the -vessel, and avoid becoming myself a prisoner of war, to pass for an -American. - -We were permitted to land at the once famous city of the Cape; and the -first object that excited our attention amidst thousands of People of -Colour of every description, was the respectable TOUSSAINT in familiar -conversation with two private Brigands. He very civilly came up to -us—enquired the news—from whence we came? and our destination. I -accommodated my answers to the occasion, and to the character I was to -support, and complained of severe treatment from the English! to which -he replied, “_Je pense que les Anglois y sont bien malade à la Mole_”—he -believed the English were very sick at the Mole—and we took our leave. - -I then retired to the American hotel, and was introduced to the table d’ -hote—to behold for the first time a _perfect system of equality_! - -Here were officers and privates, the general and the fifer, at the same -table indiscriminately. I had the honour of sitting near a fat drummer, -who very freely helped himself from my dish, and addressed me with -frequent repetitions of “_A votre Santé bon Americain_.” Here also -TOUSSAINT dined, but did not take the head of the table, from the idea -(I was informed) that no man should be invested with superiority but in -the field. In the evening I went to the billiard table, where TOUSSAINT -also came. Much hilarity prevailed, and his affability highly increased -the satisfaction of the company. I played with him, and found nothing to -dissipate the pleasure which the novelty of the scene inspired. There -were several tables in the same room, at which all played with the same -familiarity with which they dined. - -I was here informed that a review was to take place on the following -day, in the plain of the Cape; and desirous of being present at such a -spectacle, I was accompanied by some Americans, and others of my own -country who resided in the island under that appellation. - -In traversing this once superb town, what a scene of desolation every -where presented itself to my contemplation! On the site where elegance -and luxury had united all their powers to delight the voluptuary, -remained nothing but ruins. On these were erected temporary houses for -the American merchants and little shops of the natives, which but -exhibited the devastation with additional horror. The great street still -contained the walls of many superb edifices of five and six stories -high, and most beautiful structure; highly-finished gilt balustrades, in -some instances, yet remained. Nor was this all—in different parts of the -general ruin the skeletons of their possessors were mingled with the -broken walls— - - “There in the ruin, heedless of the dead, - “The shelter-seeking peasant rears his shed; - “And, wondering man could want the larger pile, - “Exults, and owns his cottage with a smile.” - -Through this dreadful scene I passed to behold a review, of the real -grandeur of which I had not the least conception. There were two -thousand officers out, Generals and Ensigns, all carrying arms—yet with -the utmost regularity and attention to rank—none of that disregard which -had marked the leisure of the preceding day being the least evident. -Each general officer had a demi-brigade, which went through the manual -exercise with a degree of expertness I had seldom before witnessed, and -they performed excellently well several manœuvres applicable to their -method of fighting. At _a whistle_ a whole brigade ran three or four -hundred yards, and then, separating, threw themselves flat on the -ground, changing to their backs and sides, and all the time keeping up a -strong fire till recalled—after this they formed again into their wonted -regularity; and this manœuvre is executed with such facility and -precision, as totally to prevent cavalry from charging them in bushy and -hilly countries. Indeed, such complete subordination prevailed, so much -promptness and dexterity, as must astonish an European who had known any -thing of their previous situation. - -After the review I returned to the city, to continue my solitary walk -through the remaining monuments of human ferocity, and indulge in -contemplating the vanity of all sublunary establishments. - -I was brooding over scenes where Fancy herself had once been satiated, -when I arrived at a large square, in the centre of which was a -considerable eminence, and a seat on the top;—there were two centinels -to guard it—of whom I enquired if I might ascend the steps? They -answered in the affirmative, but cautioned me not to touch the _Cap of -Liberty_ which crowned it, for it was SACRED TO SANTHONAX AND POLVEREL! -My curiosity induced me to ascend; when I perused, immediately under the -cap, a showy inscription in French, of which I do not exactly recollect -the idiom, not daring to take a copy, but it was to the following -purport— - - My Friends, - We came to make you free. - The French Nation gives liberty to the World. - YOU ARE FREE. - Guard your Freedom. - Vive la Liberte—Vive la Republique. - Vive Robespierre! - -This inscription, I understand, formed a part of their speech in 1793, -when the Blacks and the Mulattos carried them in triumph to the -Government-House, and afterwards set fire to the city in eight different -places. They used every woman with savage barbarity, and then murdered -with the bayonet, man, woman, and child. Sixty-two thousand inhabitants -left the city. They exterminated the Whites, and revelled in their -cruelty eighteen days! Such is man when in the possession of power! and -happy would it be for the human race if the Insurgents of St. Domingo, -so little removed from savage life, were not countenanced by those who -have partaken of the felicities of civilized society. Of the carnage -that flew through this island enough has already been said; but it is -yet in the recollection of many Americans, that the view of the city in -flames, the adjacent sugar works, &c. was the most dreadful ever beheld. - -After a long perambulation over these scenes of former horrors, I -returned to the hotel, but with a mind so much impressed with what I had -seen, that for a considerable time I could not divest myself of the most -terrible ideas:—my imagination was haunted with the shades of those who -had fallen, and murdered worth and innocence were ever before my -eyes.——I was also dissuaded from walking too much, lest by some -observation I might be suspected not to be an American. - -For three weeks I continued among these people; and, except the -recollection of what _had_ been, without any other sacrifice than my -wish to be on duty, and the necessity of subscribing to every sentiment -hostile to my country, I enjoyed the amusements and the habits of a -capital. I remained unmolested and comfortable. - -On the topography of the island, I shall not retail what is told by -those who recite its history, nor have I ever had leisure to inspect it. -It is, I believe, considered the richest, as well as the largest of all -the islands, except Cuba; and nature seems to have lavished on it the -advantages which are but partial in the others. It extends about 400 -miles in length, and is more than 70 in breadth, yet completely peopled. -Its natural defence is unequalled, being entirely fortified by vast -rocks and extensive shoals. It contains gold (perhaps _really the least_ -valuable of its productions) and the most charming rivers meander -through its variegated soil. - -From these reasons, labour is so much abridged, that no want of leisure -is felt through the pursuits of business, of pleasure, or of arms. It -would be no small gratification to the feeling heart, to perceive the -peasant in other countries, enjoy a portion of the ease of the labourer -of St. Domingo. - -The present productive system seems to be founded in a reference to -first principles. Every soul employs a certain portion of their time to -labour, which is chiefly agricultural; and all take the field from a -sense of duty to _themselves_. A perfect consolidation appears in all -their conduct, and I never saw a concession in them which did not come -from the heart. I have more than once seen sixty thousand of them -reviewed, at one time, on the plains of the Cape, in complete -subordination _in the field_, and whose united determination against an -invading enemy, would be victory or death! No coersion is necessary -among them, and it is of course unattempted; the only punishment -inflicted, is a sense of shame produced by slight confinement. - -Amongst a people thus hardened into an _orderly_ ferocity—trained from -inclination—impenetrably fortified on the finest territory on earth, and -next to inaccessible to external attack, what hopes are entertained of -the success of the present armament I know not; but, whatever might be -expected from a _compromise_ with TOUSSAINT, I feel perfectly convinced -no other means will succeed in the subjugation of St. Domingo. United as -are the blacks and mulattos, _fifty thousand_ men would ere long be -dissipated in such an attempt; and if the number now sent against them -_could_ be found sufficient to effect a temporary conquest, what number -of men would continue to keep them in subjection? - -And with respect to any views they may be imagined to contemplate of -extending their possessions, none who know the respectable state of -defence in which our Islands are kept, will ever entertain the smallest -fear respecting them. Of a territory the extent of Cuba, I would not -hazard so much, but in the present situation of our islands, so -comparatively small, possessed by Planters of distinguished humanity and -talent,[3] defended by a militia, prompt on all occasions; with an army -well appointed on their shores, under the superintendence of ability, -experience, and power at home; and a vigilant navy round their coasts, -the wonder of the world—few will have sufficient temerity to suggest -that the people I have been describing, will leave their favourite and -favoured island for the mere purpose of a vain gasconade—and against -those whom I am persuaded they would rather conciliate as their friends. - -Before I proceed to state the dreadful occurrence which nearly -terminated my existence, on the island whose unfortunate situation I -have been so candidly describing, I shall give a sketch of the man who -holds so conspicuous a situation, and of whom so little is really known. - -TOUSSAINT L’OUVERTURE, the present Commandant of St. Domingo, is one of -those characters, which contentions for power and the extention of -territory, as well as the jars of individual interest have not -infrequently introduced to astonish the World. - -Born a Slave, in which capacity he continued till the revolution, it is -hostile to _received opinions_ to consider him in any other light than -as a fortunate Brigand; but chance has directed that the present writer -should be constrained to acknowledge—he is worthy of imitation as a -man—he excites admiration as a governor—and as a general, he is yet -unsubdued without the probability of subjection! His regard for the -unfortunate appears the love of human kind; and, dreaded by different -nations, he is the foe of none.—To the English he is by no means -inimical, and, in possession of many of the blessings of humanity, he -courts the acceptance of the world. - -He is a perfect black, at present about fifty-five years of age—of a -venerable appearance, but possessed of uncommon discernment. Of great -suavity of manners, he was not at all concerned in the perpetration of -the massacres, or in the conflagration. - -He is stiled the _General en Chef_, and is always attended by four -Aids-de-Camp. He wears as a uniform, a kind of blue spencer, with a -large red cape falling over his shoulders, and red cuffs, with eight -rows of lace on his arms, and a pair of large gold epaulettes thrown -back on his shoulders; a scarlet waistcoat, pantaloons and half-boots; a -round hat with a red feather and national cockade; and an extreme large -sword is suspended from his side. He receives a voluntary respect from -every description of his countrymen, which is more than returned by the -affability of his behaviour, and the goodness of his heart. Of his -civilities to myself, I have sufficient reason to be proud. - -I met him frequently, during my stay in his _dominions_, and had no -occasion of complaint, even from human errors. - -After the vessel in which I arrived had undergone a thorough repair, at -the Cape, we cleared out of the harbour, and I once more set sail, -flushed with hopes of a speedy arrival at St. Thomas’s; but— - - —“Heav’n from all creatures hides the book of fate.” - -On the third day after we left the Cape, our unfortunate vessel sprung a -leak, and we were obliged to put into Fort Dauphine, now called Fort -Egalite, about forty miles from the Cape. - -In this situation, the master of the vessel, as well as myself, -apprehended no danger or impropriety in our going on shore; and, -hoisting Danish colours, we came to anchor under a small fort. I -unthinkingly landed with the master, and in less than half an hour was -arrested by four Blacks, and a Mulatto Officer of great ferocity. They -returned with me instantly on board, and placed two centinels over me. I -was informed that suspicions had arisen of my being a spy, and that my -trial would be prompt and decisive. On the morrow I was to be tried _and -condemned_. - -Under these apprehensions I was to pass the night, and to prepare for my -appearance before certainly the _blackest!_ tribunal that ever sat in -judgment. I, however, confined my reflections to the best means of -destroying my baggage, including my military appointments; which I -happily effected by putting trunks and all out of the cabin window in -the dead of the night, with a weight attached sufficient to sink them. - -The silence of the night, interrupted only by the murmurs of the -ocean—the clamours of the guard, and the distant sounds from the shore, -induced a stronger degree of melancholy than I, perhaps, ever -experienced.——A confused idea of my fate, with the _shame_ rather than -the terrors of an ignominious death, revolving in my mind, deprived me -of the possibility of rest, or the smallest preparation for the event so -soon and so harshly announced. - -In the morning I was taken before a black general, named Muro, whose -appearance augured well, for he bore the principal mythological -characteristics of justice—he was _blind of an eye_. He interrogated me, -and insisted I was not an American, but an English spy reconnoitering -the coast. He informed me, that on the morrow I should be tried by a -General Court Martial—and dismissed me. - -I was then conducted to a dark prison, with the usual concomitants of -wretchedness, and treated as one who meditated some dire plot against -the happiness of their country. I had no bed, nor other provision but -some coarse dry fish which I could not eat. Next morning, at ten -o’clock, I was regularly brought before a military court, composed of -twelve general officers.—All I could plead in my behalf would not avail -me, not having the proper passports, or American certificates; in fact, -my trial _was prompt and decisive_—I was condemned to suffer DEATH on -the next day! - -The master of the vessel, poor Frazer, with great dignity of character -and the most affectionate solicitude, exerted the utmost of his little -power by protesting against the judgment, and insisting I was an -American—but it was without effect, and I was remanded to my cell, -loaded with chains, and consigned to misery, till the sentence of the -Court should be transmitted to TOUSSAINT, without whose sanction it -could not be executed. - -For fourteen days I lay suspended between life and death, without any -other consolation than the kindness of my gaoler, whose taciturnity -extended to inform me, every night, I should be _hanged_ on the next -day. To afford me repose, I was furnished with dried sugar-canes, and -was ill supplied nightly with coarse flesh and water—the cheering -delusions of hope no longer lightened my imagination, and I abandoned -all human projects for ever.[4] - -At the expiration of that period, the answer of TOUSSAINT arrived; but, -instead of confirming my sentence, that truly great man, although I have -since been convinced _he had ascertained the fact_ of my being a British -Officer, disdained to triumph over an individual whom misfortune had -thrown in his way. He ordered me to be released and suffered to proceed -on my voyage, with the greatest magnanimity adding, “You must never -return to this island, _without the proper passports!_” - -To describe my feelings on such an unexpected reverse, would be -difficult and useless. Restored to myself once more, I did not long -remain on a part of the island where my sufferings would have tended to -efface the agreeable impression I had received at Cape François; but -cheerfully bidding adieu to this interesting soil, sailed for St. -Thomas’s on the next day, and very soon reached my long desired -destination, the island of Martinique. - -On my arrival, I met with a reception marked with the usual kindness and -urbanity of the commander in chief, General Cuyler, who ordered me the -usual remuneration for the loss of my baggage. I am also informed that I -was honored with a congratulatory letter from his Royal Highness the -Duke of York, which from some unaccountable accident I did not receive. - -Much would remain to be said, were I to obey a natural impulse; but the -pen, though often a deadly weapon, is one I am but little accustomed to, -I shall therefore lay it down, at least for the present, with the -confidence that if I have contributed but little advantage, I have -effected as little injury. - ------ - -Footnote 1: - - My eldest sister, now Princess of Monaca, was married to the late - Lieutenant General Doyle. - -Footnote 2: - - In this arduous situation I had the happiness to effect two orders, - which, as they exhibit the hardships of that period, I subjoin:—Being - commanded by my ever-regretted Colonel to bring up the cloathing of - the troops, I found it only to be effected by cutting my way with - three boats through the ice for twenty miles. We, however, succeeded, - happily, and saved to Government at least ten thousand pounds. - - Another night, during the retreat, twenty-one of our waggons, with - sick and wounded men, arrived very late at a town called Zwoll, where - my corps was quartered, but were refused admittance by the Dutch - guard, who kept the gate. It was a dreadful night, and many absolutely - died from the cold of the men under the command of Colonel Drummond of - the Guards. I was ordered to compel their admission, and effected it; - but not till after many threats, and I had left them three minutes - only to consider, before I should attack them, which in such a cause, - and at such a time, must have been done with energy. - -Footnote 3: - - Notwithstanding it has been of late years the fashion to consider the - character of a planter as derogatory to humanity, and incapable of - being blended with any of those qualities that ameliorate the - condition of the species, every opportunity which I have been afforded - of judging has tended to convince me of the contrary. Nothing indeed - can be more cruel than to single out any description of persons for - public reprobation, as best suits the purpose of the fanatic or the - partizan; and nothing is more fatal to the cause of truth than an - implicit reliance on the vague reports of their enthusiasm, which must - inevitably preclude the possibility of acquiring correct information, - or adhering to facts if produced to their notice.—If the young and the - thoughtless squander the accumulations of their ancestors, it is - certainly no evidence of general voluptuousness.—If there be - circumstances exceptionable in the conduct of the Slave Trade, does it - follow that the planter is a merciless executioner? certainly not—it - would be hostile to his interest, and inexpedient in his situation.—As - merchants and as men, many are highly and extensively esteemed and - regarded; and instances of affection and regret in the slaves they - have been described to torture, are neither infrequent nor unrecorded. - -Footnote 4: - - I cannot omit here to pay the tribute of gratitude to a poor unknown - Female of Colour, whose pity, more extensive than her power, would - have alleviated the horrors of my situation. She came occasionally in - the night to the window of my cell, which looked into a court to which - she found access by an avenue that was unguarded. She brought me food, - and wine or spirits, the remains of which, to prevent enquiry, she was - anxious should be destroyed. The humane sympathy expressed by her in - these nocturnal offerings to misery, have repeatedly brought to my - remembrance the eulogium of Lediard on a sex ever prone to tender - offices. In compliment to my humble benefactor I quote the passage, - and heartily subscribe to the sentiments:— - - “I have,” says he, “always remarked that women, in all countries, are - civil, obliging, tender, and humane: that they are ever inclined to be - gay and cheerful, timorous and modest; and that they do not hesitate, - like men, to perform a kind or generous action.—Not haughty, nor - arrogant, not supercilious, they are full of courtesy, and fond of - society—more liable in general to err than man, but in general, also, - more virtuous, and performing more good actions than he. To a woman, - whether civilized or savage, I never addressed myself in the language - of decency and friendship—without receiving a decent and friendly - answer—with man it has often been otherwise. - - “In wandering over the barren plains of inhospitable Denmark, through - honest Sweden, and frozen Lapland, rude and churlish Finland, - unprincipled Russia, and the wide-spread regions of the wandering - Tartar,—if hungry, dry, cold, wet, or sick, the women have ever been - friendly to me, and uniformly so; and to add to this virtue, (so - worthy of the appellation of benevolence,) these actions have been - performed in so free and so kind a manner, that if I was thirsty, I - drank the sweetest draught, and if hungry, I ate the coarse meal with - a double relish.” - -[Illustration: FINIS] - - Printed at the office of R. B. Scott, 27, Clements lane. - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE - - -Punctuation has been normalized. - -Variations in spelling and hyphenation, as well as some instances -of obsolete spelling (such as “cloathing,” “centinel,” etc.) were -maintained. - -The following typographical or printers’ errors have been corrected: - - Page 9: “Touissant” changed to “Toussaint” - Page 9: “familiary” changed to “familiarity” - Page 18: “mulattœs” harmonized to “mulattos” - Page 21: “acknowlege” changed to “acknowledge” - Page 21: “sa” changed to “as” - Page 22: suspended from (removed duplicate “from”) - Page 23: “Fort Egaiite” changed to “Fort Egalite” - Page 24: danger or impropriety in (removed duplicate “in” ) - End of Book: Footnote 3: “a planters” changed to “a planter;” - “voluptiousness” changed to - “voluptuousness” - -Italicized words and phrases are presented by surrounding the text with -_underscores_; bold text is symbolized by using =equal signs=. - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Memoir of Transactions That Took -Place in St. Domingo, in the Sprin, by Marcus Rainsford - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MEMOIR TRANSACTIONS--ST. 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