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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/4909-0.txt b/4909-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cf5c58a --- /dev/null +++ b/4909-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,659 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Olaf van Geldern, by Pencho Slaveykov + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Olaf van Geldern + +Author: Pencho Slaveykov + +Posting Date: April 20, 2013 [EBook #4909] +Release Date: January, 2004 +First Posted: March 24, 2002 + +Language: Bulgarian + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OLAF VAN GELDERN *** + + + + +Produced by Snezhina Gileva + + + + + + + + + + + +ОЛАФ ВАН ГЕЛДЕРН + + + +Той и сам не знае кога е роден, но като го запитат, казва, че сега е на +36 години. Родното му градче, Грасдорф, е скътано в една гънка от +росните поли на Харц, оная величествена планина, която лежи като мила +сянка на душата му и която нему е по сърце да възпява в своите песни. +Цял ред години го познавам аз, както познавам себе си, и макар помежду +ни често да е минавала черна котка - ний сме си и до ден днешен интимни +и добри приятели. И това, което аз зная и ще кажа за него, той сам ще +го подпише. + +Олаф е издънка на видна фамилия и драго му е, дето е тъй, без да прави +от това какъвто и да е капитал. Както за себе си, тъй и за фамилията, с +чието име се кити, той не обича май да говори. Твърде рядко се отпуща +да спомене само нещо за баща си - между другото, и как той често е +натяквал, че пише нескопосни стихове, може би с омисъл така да го +подсети да си учи уроците. Неговите уши са май длъжки и той обяснява +това не като знак на особно благоволение на природата, а като +свидетелство за особното внимание на учителите му към тях: те са ги +дърпали безмилостно в надежда да измъкнат през тях упорития му мързел. +Това е единствената негова печала от училището. + +Едничко, що му се е удало още през детинство, да изучи както тряба, то +е отечествената география. И то по твърде прост начин. Баща му, като +учител, журналист и народен трибун, е бил принуждаван (поради +опърничавостта си и изключителните обстоятелства на онова време) да +скита от град на град, където и жена и деца са вървели подире му. По +тоя начин бъдащия поет се е запознавал пряко с всички баирища, при +които тия градове са настанени, газил и къпал се е по цели дни в сума +реки, а горските шубраци, скали и пещери са му дошепвали дивните +приказки, с които домашните ратайкини са дразнили всяка вечер +трепетното му въображение. Все от ония дни е и интимното му познанство +с родното слънце; и макар че той сега се спогажда по-добре с нощта, +цалувките на негова пръв интимен познайник и до днес още личат на +лицето му - черно, като лице на някой фараонов потомък. Аз вярвам, че +на стария ван Гелдерн ще е било драго да гледа такъв пакостник, какъвто +е бил Олаф, и по него да си спомня свое! + +то детинство. + +Стария необезветвен от бурите дъб ще е усещал може би, че изникналия от +семето му младок няма да го посрами с израста си; дори при сгоден +случай той сам е тласкал и явно и покрито тоя му израст. Така, когато +за родния край на нашия поет настанаха усилни дни (1881 год.) и баща му +биде грабнат една нощ от полицейските вълци - бдители на обществения +ред - и отведен на заточение, на Олафа се падна да чуе свети бащини +думи: "Кога отраснеш, бъди като баща си; не се бой от вълци!" Но +крушата беше паднала и тъй под крушата. Тя - когато и ней дойде време - +показа колко е опърничава: - инак не би преседнала на толкова гърла! +Като баща си, той често обича да мисли не като другите, и не само да +мисли, а и говори, що му е на сърце. За неприятностите от това малко го +е еня: може би защото предпочита приятността - да реже с ножът, +изострен на бащино точило, и така да не пречи, а да дава свободен +размах на своя натюрел. Честолюбив, той не ще и да знай, че ония, на +чийто гърла пресяда, ще го! + + сметнат за самилюбец. Не е чудно и да е такъв, понеже е творец, и +както всичките негови добри колеги гали в душата си звярът на +отвращението към светите чувства на филистрите, към скрижалните +заповеди на чичо Сноба. Бащино наследство е у него обичта му към всичко +достойно за обич; а при друго едно наследство - светата злоба - нашият +поет се е постарал да попритури и от себе си нещичко. Това, що +изповядват обикновено хероите на словото, е и негова изповед: гневът е +мерило на моята любов! И горд е той не на шега, но с шеги мисли, че +добре прикрива гордостта си пред нищите духом - некадърниците да +проумеят в това трагизма на тая гордост. А неговий смях и присмех над +себе си е такъв добър коментар, какъвто не са дори самотността и +тъмеящата понякога в погледа му меланхолия! + +С тия вродени качества и капризно развити инстинкти Олаф ван Гелдерн +влачи своята световна съдба и едва ли може се каза, че не е доволен от +нея. Види се, сред неприветната действителност и безсънни нощи, пълни с +безпокойни мечти и кошмарни привидения, него ще спохождат нерядко и +хубави сънища. А нима сънищата не са и те извор на щастие? Най-хубавият +негов сън е - съня за живота му след смъртта. И орисията на досегашнния +му живот като че ли някак подкрепя неговата вяра, че това не ще е само +сън. Може тя да е наивна - дори твърде наивна, - нещо като вярата на +Ибсеновия Хелмер, който се залъгва с блян, че е призван да извърши +велико нещо на божия свят. И колко прав е един друг херой от същата +Ибсенова драма - Дивата патица - с горчиво истинните думи: оставете +човеку световната измама! За да го удържи в живота, койт не му е +същинска майка. Тоя живот не всякога е поднасял вкусни блюда на +трапезата му, както се вижда от следните няколко: - Като е прескачал +веднъж плет (не след, а ! + +преди двайсет-годишната си възраст, тоест не за кобилица го е +прескачал), счупил е на две свирката на десния си крак; тресла го е +тригодишна треска; три пъти са го влачили коне и по един път е падал от +и под файтон; десетина пъти са го давили псета; веднъж се е давил; и +още веднъж без малко е щял да се ожени; веднъж е измъкнат изпод +вагоните на изщъпнат от релсите трен; веднъж са го гонили и пушкали +подире му кървожадните прусаци (1887)... И горен, и бесен, и заравян е +жив във земята. Прилича на легенда, нали? Все пак тя е действителна, +както и оная на баща му, стария ван Гелдерн, когото господ е обичал, та +го е орисал с легенда. + +На развитието на негова талант, освен господ с легендата си, влияли са +скитанията му дома и по чужбина. Доколкото мога да съдя аз, главните +станции на неговото художествено развитие са станциите на скитанията му: +Виена, Париж и Лайпциг. Особено последнята, дето той си е почивал дълги +години при извънредно добри стопани, гостинничари и книжари, на които +още не е изплатил борчовете си. Няколко пъти се е ръкувал с Юнгфрау, +оная дивна красавица, която и нему, както и на великия руски романист, +е пришепвала световни тайни. Ходил е дори в белокаменната Москва - да +се яви в полицията: невероятна причина за пътешествие, но колкото по- +невероятна, толкова по-истинска. За немските гостинничари той и досега +си спомня с особена симпатия. Най-вече за трима от тях: един елинин, +един юдей и един шваба. С втория от тях поетът се е познавал заочно и +от по-напред, на което обстоятелство се дължи, види се, отпослешната им +интимност: - и обичта си към немците той дължи изключително нему, на +блед! + +ния Хайнрих, когото немците тъй мразят, а без чийто песни поезията им +би била тъй скучна! За своето умствено развитие, за уяснението на +своята задача като писател той дължи премного на тези готови всякому за +услуга господа, особено на швабата; но неговите поетически чувства и +интереси са закърмени най-напред от руските художници на словото, които +тъй победоносно шествуват сега по Европа. Онова, което ван Гелдерн +изпървом инстиктивно е възприемал от тях - диренето на человека и в +звяра, - вече като възмогнат певец, той сам съзнателно туря за основа +на своите творения. В това е коренът на негова идеализъм: не на умът, а +на сърцето рожба. Зад него е спотаена и причината на пренебрежението му +към съвременни и по-отдавнашни европейски херои на перото, които дирят +и ценят само звяра в человека. Но едва ли тия обични нему руски +чародейци биха му въздействали тъй, ако неговата душа не би била сгодна +почва за такива въздействия, ако баща му - сам техен възпитаник - не бе +му оставил н! + +аследствено разположение за възприемане чувства на човещина к! + +ъм човека + +... Неговите първи опити на перото са били преводи от руските поети. И +досега няколко от тях са спазени, но не се съмнявам, че и тях ще +сполети участта на пълния превод на Тургеневите Записки на ловеца; +защото всяка година не малко и вети и нови работи той принася жъртва на +критическите си пресъди и критичните си настроения. - Той не плаче над +и за тях, както Ахилес пред трупът на горящия си побратим, а само +стиска зъби и в умът му танцуват глупости, които обаче твърде скоро +изчезват, както и принесените жъртва. + +Олаф ван Гелдерн отдавна се е прибрал от скитанията си по чужбина, грей +на домашната камина нозете си - в които ревматизма сече съчки - и се +старае да живей в мир и любов със своята вярна съпруга - неволята, +добра приятелка на музата му. Двете приятелки често се спохождат, и +поета подслушва интимният им разговор, и не само го подслушва, но го +зема за канва на творенията си, върху която въображението му шие узори +с копринени нишки. "От всички досегашни негови творения вей неприветния +дъх на нерадостна концепция на живота, резултат на собствената му +нерадостна съдба" - тъй казва един негов критик. И той може би е прав. +Може би - макар че сам поета е на друго мнение: Ето какво бележи той в +един от пътнишките си очерки, което прилича да е лична изповед: +"Писател, който уважава себе си и своето дело, нека не престъпва прагът +на никоя школа, на никое теке, в което с молитвеници в ръка са дошли да +струват метани достойните за съжаление. Бъдете елини ( не византийци) +на модерния свя! + +т, без никакъв катехизис за изкуството и неговите цели. Личното ви +вдъхновение да е подбуда за творчество, действителността единствен +предмет на наблюдения и възсъздаване. Така, и само така, възникват +творения, в които реализмът върви ръка за ръка с висшите стремления на +идеалния дух, както те вървят и в живота. Примера на русите е пример и +за нас. Че и ние като тях имаме великото преимущество пред другите +европейски народи: настоящето ни не е обвързано с миналото - и ний като +тях няма защо да ангажираме за в бъдаще духът си с патологични +измислици на разни декаденти на културата... Учете се от слънцето - да +огрявате всичко, старайте се да проникват вред животворните ви лучи. +Утешавайте с безутешното, - дето няма утеха с друго... Божествений +учителю, ти творецо на Живи мощи, чийто благороден образ е образа на +моя спасител! Нима ужасната съдба на онзи полутруп, когото ти си +възсъздал с такава омая, не е откровение за мен? Каква симпатия към +човека лъхти от разказа ти за тегло! + +то на оная неволница, която дълги години не се е дигала от св! + +оя одър-г + +роб! А все пак нея, и в това й състояние, обземат тихи възторзи и пред +най-дребните проявления на живота: пред дъхът на полските цветя, пред +чуроликът на лястовичките. Поезията на уединението - ти я разкри на +душата ми, поръси ме с живата вода на вяра, че ще се събуди за живот +онзи, на когото и чужди, и свои гледаха като на мъртвец. Светлината, +която ти пръскаш над чуждата неволя, осветли моята - и прогони +помрачението от егоистичните чувства, що затъмняваха погледа ми..." На +онзи, който се изповядва с такива думи, имат ли основа да му натрапват +"нерадостни концепции на живота" А това натрапване го опровергават и +самите му творения, съдбата на чийто херои, макар често и нерадостна, е +възсъздадена тъй че в нашето впечатление не остава ни сянка на ужас и +гнетително чувство. Душевния кризис у ван Гелдерна, разведрен под +влиянието на Живи мощи от Тургенева, се изостря и пречупя с Короленкова +Слепец музикант, оня злочестник, когото чуждата неволя възражда за +живот, посветен на съ! + +буждане добри чувства в човешкото сърце. Но моето намерение тук не е да +разправям за това, а само да отбележа неверността на един възглед за +мирогледа (Lebensauffassung) на поета. Наистина той разказва най-вече +нерадостни събития из живота на разни неволници, но не към тяхната +външна съдба е взрян погледа му, а към онзи мир на чувства, настроения +и душевни кризиси, от които не лъхти тъмния дъх на отрицание, песимизъм. +Това, както и болезнения анализ на "що става в душите" на хероите му, +най-ясно показват грамадното влияние на руските писатели върху нашия +поет. + +Такъв е човекът, който от двадесетина години насам е приставен ратай у +Гюрга Самовила ("най-предня девойка"), подобно на онова селянче, за +което народната приказка разправя, че се ценило да служи у дядо попа - +три години за три пари. В негова роден край, както и у нас, трудът на +художника толкова чини; и мнозина херои на перото, след като са опитали +сила на тоя мегдан, за да си осигурат колко-годе човешки живот, +записвали са се в еснафа на хамалите. Свобода и самостоятелност - +покровителите на гения - не са познайници с нашия поет, и това е една +от великите негови скърби - отрова, която е убивала, още в зародиш сума +негови рожби. За да не подсмърча за къшей хляб, той чиновничествува, +т.е. прахосва времето си с "работа", която всякой идиот сто пъти по- +добре от него би вършил. И температурата на неговото творчество в +последно време е паднала под нула. Произведенията му, откак и той е +наред с хората - не са май за пред хора; те са случайна работа, +драскотене фейлетони по вестни! + +ци, преводи и автобиографически бележки, с които Олаф ван Гелдерн се +мъчи да заглавика себе си и да се подиграй с наивните читатели. + +А било е време, когато сам той и неговите критици са съзирали нещо в +творенията му, в онзи рой ситни песни, балади, монолози и поеми, които +блещукат като хубава огърлица, изтървана случайно на някое бунище, +каквото е напр. българската литература. От тия си творения сам поета е +доволен - и недоволен. Доколкото мога да досетя, недоволството му не е +толкова от тях, колкото от мисълта, че с тях той не е дал всичко, що +може да даде; а да създаде другите, които му разпъват душата, няма +необходимата за това външна охолност. И да не е съвсем тъй, все пак в +цялата догадка половината е несъмнено истина. + +Коледа 1902 г. + +P.S. Когато преглеждах първата коректура на тая бележка за Олаф ван +Гелдерна, получих вест, че той починал скоропостижно. Вече беше късно +да променям това, що бях написал, макар че смъртта дава свобода на +перото ми, и аз бих могъл още много неща да кажа, а казаните с +недомлъвки да изтъкна по-ясно. Сега той преминава в другата фаза на +своя живот, за която приживе бяха хубавите му сънища. На един свой +събрат, жив и в смъртта, когото нашия поет е възпял, той влага в устата +следните думи - несъмнено ехо на собствени интимни чувства: + + + +"Честит е тоз избранник, чийто дух, +като ковчега Ноев, пренесе +от прежний свят в послешний онова, +което е в промени непроменно. +Той подир смърт от себе си оставя +най-чистото, най-хубавото - жица +от царството на сенките безплътни, +която ще го свързва с тоя мир." + + + + + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Olaf van Geldern, by Pencho Slaveykov + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OLAF VAN GELDERN *** + +***** This file should be named 4909-0.txt or 4909-0.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/4/9/0/4909/ + +Produced by Snezhina Gileva + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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