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| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-14 19:07:04 -0700 |
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| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-14 19:07:04 -0700 |
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diff --git a/48974-h/48974-h.html b/48974-h/48974-h.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2a23836 --- /dev/null +++ b/48974-h/48974-h.html @@ -0,0 +1,5752 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"> +<head> + <meta name="generator" content= + "HTML Tidy for Linux (vers 25 March 2009), see www.w3.org" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> + <link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" /> + <meta name="DC.Creator" content="Joseph Jacobs" /> + <meta name="DC.Title" content="As Others Saw Him" /> + <meta name="DC.Date" content="May 16, 2015" /> + <meta name="DC.Language" content="English" /> + <meta name="DC.Publisher" content="Project Gutenberg" /> + <meta name="DC.Identifier" content= + "http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/48974" /> + <meta name="DC.Rights" content="This text is in the public domain." /> + + <title>The Project Gutenberg EBook of As Others Saw Him by Joseph + Jacobs</title> + <style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[*/ + /* + The Gnutenberg Press - default CSS2 stylesheet + + Any generated element will have a class "tei" and a class "tei-elem" + where elem is the element name in TEI. + The order of statements is important !!! 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You may copy it, give it away or re-use + it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License <a href= + "#pglicense" class="tei tei-ref">included with this eBook</a> or + online at <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/license" class= + "tei tei-xref">http://www.gutenberg.org/license</a>. If you are + not located in the United States, you'll have to check the laws + of the country where you are located before using this ebook.</p> + </div> + <pre class="pre tei tei-div" style= + "margin-top: 3.00em; margin-bottom: 3.00em"> +Title: As Others Saw Him + +Author: Joseph Jacobs + +Release Date: May 16, 2015 [Ebook #48974] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AS OTHERS SAW HIM*** +</pre> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"></div> + <hr class="doublepage" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <p class="tei tei-p" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; text-align: center"></p> + + <div class="tei tei-figure" style="text-align: center"> + <a href="images/cover.jpg"><img src="images/cover.jpg" alt= + "Cover image" /></a> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg001" id="Pg001" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.20em; text-align: center"><span style= + "font-size: 120%">AS OTHERS SAW HIM</span></p> + + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg002" id="Pg002" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + </div> + <hr class="doublepage" /> + + <div class="tei tei-titlePage" style="text-align: center"> + <div class="tei tei-pb" style="text-align: center"></div><a name= + "Pg003" id="Pg003" class="tei tei-anchor" style= + "text-align: center"></a> <span class="tei tei-docTitle" style= + "text-align: center"><span class="tei tei-titlePart" style= + "text-align: center"><span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 173%">AS OTHERS SAW + HIM</span></span></span><br /> + <br /> + <span class="tei tei-titlePart" style= + "text-align: center"><span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: center"><span style= + "font-size: 144%; font-style: italic">A + RETROSPECT</span></span></span><br /> + <br /> + <span class="tei tei-titlePart" style= + "text-align: center"><span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 120%">A. D. + 54</span></span></span></span><br /> + <br /> + <span class="tei tei-titlePart" style= + "text-align: center">“<span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: center"><span style="font-style: italic">It cannot be + that a prophet perish out of Jerusalem</span></span>“</span><br /> + <span class="tei tei-titlePart" style= + "text-align: center"> <span class="tei tei-hi" + style="text-align: center"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">Luke</span></span> xiii. 33</span><br /> + <br /> + + <div class="tei tei-figure" style="text-align: center"> + <a href="images/illu.jpg"><img src="images/illu.jpg" alt= + "Illustration: Publisher’s sign" /></a> + </div><br /> + <br /> + <span class="tei tei-docImprint" style= + "text-align: center"><span class="tei tei-pubPlace" style= + "text-align: center">BOSTON AND NEW YORK</span><br /> + <span class="tei tei-publisher" style="text-align: center">HOUGHTON, + MIFFLIN AND COMPANY</span><br /> + <span class="tei tei-publisher" style= + "text-align: center"><span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: center"><span style="font-weight: 700">The Riverside + Press, Cambridge</span></span></span><br /> + <span class="tei tei-docDate" style= + "text-align: center">1895</span></span> + </div> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg004" id="Pg004" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style= + "text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">Copyright, 1895,</span><br /> + <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: center"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">By</span></span> + <span style="font-size: 90%">HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style= + "margin-bottom: 0.90em; text-align: center"><span class="tei tei-hi" + style="text-align: center"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">All rights + reserved.</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style= + "margin-bottom: 0.90em; margin-top: 3.60em; text-align: center"> + <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: center"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">The Riverside Press, Cambridge, + Mass., U.S.A.</span></span><br /> + <span style="font-size: 90%">Electrotyped and Printed by H. O. + Houghton & Co.</span></p> + </div> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-top: 5.00em; margin-bottom: 5.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg005" id="Pg005" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">To Aglaophonos, + Physician of the Greeks at Corinth, Meshullam ben Zadok, a Scribe of + the Jews at Alexandria, greeting</span></span>:—</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">It was a joy and a + surprise to me to hear news after many days from thee, my master and + my friend. To thee I owe whatever I have of Greek wisdom; for when in + the old days at the Holy City thou soughtest me for instruction in + our Law, I learnt more from thee than I could impart to thee. Since I + last wrote to thee, I have come to this great city, where many of my + nation dwell, and almost all the most learned of thy tongue are + congregated. Truly, it would please me much, and mine only son and + his wife, if thou couldst come and take up thy sojourn among us for a + while.</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Touching the man Saul + of Tarsus, of whom thou writest, I know but little. He is well + instructed in our Law, both written and oral, having received the + latter from the chief master among those of the past generation, + Gamaliel by name. Yet he is not of the disciples of Aaron that love + peace; for when I last heard of him he was among the leaders of a + riot in which a man was slain. And now I think thereon, I am almost + certain that the slain man was of the followers of Jesus the + Nazarene, and this Saul was</span></span></p> + + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">among the bitterest + against them. And yet thou writest that the same Saul has spoken of + the Nazarene that he was a god like Apollo, that had come down on + earth for a while to live his life among men. Truly, men’s minds are + as the wind that bloweth hither and thither.</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">But as for that Jesus + of Nazara, I can tell thee much, if not all. For I was at Jerusalem + all the time he passed for a leader of men up to his shameful death. + At first I admired him for his greatness of soul and goodness of + life, but in the end I came to see that he was a danger to our + nation, and, though unwillingly, I was of those who voted for his + death in the Council of Twenty-Three. Yet I cannot tell thee all I + know in the compass of a letter, so I have written it at large for + thee, and it will be delivered unto thee even with this letter. And + in my description of events I have been at pains to distinguish + between what I saw myself and what I heard from others, following in + this the example of Herodotus of Halicarnassus, who, if he spake rude + Greek, wrote true history. And so farewell.</span></span></p> + </div> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-top: 5.00em; margin-bottom: 5.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg007" id="Pg007" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> <a name="toc1" id="toc1"></a><a name="pdf2" id= + "pdf2"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: center; margin-top: 3.46em; margin-bottom: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">CONTENTS.</span></h1> + + <table summary="This is a table" cellspacing="0" class= + "tei tei-table" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> + <colgroup span="3"></colgroup> + + <tbody> + <tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"></td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell"></td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><span class= + "tei tei-hi" style="text-align: right"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">PAGE</span></span></td> + </tr> + + <tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">I.</td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">The Man with the + Scourge</span></span></td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href= + "#Pg009" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: right">9</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">II.</td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">The Upbringing</span></span></td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href= + "#Pg021" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: right">21</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">III.</td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">Earlier Teaching. Sermon in the + Synagogue of the Galilæans</span></span></td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href= + "#Pg037" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: right">37</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">IV.</td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">The Two Ways</span></span></td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href= + "#Pg055" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: right">55</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">V.</td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">The Woman taken in Adultery. The + Rich Young Man</span></span></td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href= + "#Pg063" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: right">63</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">VI.</td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">The Testings in the + Temple</span></span></td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href= + "#Pg075" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: right">75</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">VII.</td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">The Second Sermon</span></span></td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href= + "#Pg087" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: right">87</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">VIII.</td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">The Rebuking of + Jesus</span></span></td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href= + "#Pg099" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: right">99</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">IX.</td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">Jesus in the + Temple</span></span></td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href= + "#Pg111" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: right">111</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">X.</td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">The Entry into + Jerusalem</span></span></td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href= + "#Pg121" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: right">121</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">XI.</td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">The Cleansing of the + Temple</span></span></td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href= + "#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: right">133</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">XII.</td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">The Woes</span></span></td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href= + "#Pg145" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: right">145</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">XIII.</td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">The Great Refusal</span></span></td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href= + "#Pg155" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: right">155</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">XIV.</td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">The Meeting of the + Hananites</span></span></td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href= + "#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: right">167</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">XV.</td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">The Examination before the + Sanhedrim</span></span></td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href= + "#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: right">181</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">XVI.</td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">Condemnation and + Execution</span></span></td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href= + "#Pg195" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: right">195</a></td> + </tr> + + <tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"></td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">Epilogue</span></span></td> + + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href= + "#Pg207" class="tei tei-ref" style= + "text-align: right">207</a></td> + </tr> + </tbody> + </table> + + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg008" id="Pg008" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-body" style= + "margin-bottom: 6.00em; margin-top: 6.00em"> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg009" id="Pg009" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> <a name="toc3" id="toc3"></a> <a name="pdf4" + id="pdf4"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em; text-align: center"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">I.</span><br /> + <span style="font-size: 173%">THE MAN WITH THE SCOURGE.</span></h1> + + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg010" id="Pg010" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg011" id="Pg011" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">I was crossing one + morning the Xystus Bridge on my way to the Temple, when I saw issuing + from the nearest gate a herd of beasts of sacrifice. Fearing that + something untoward had occurred, I hurried to the gate, and when I + entered the Court of the Gentiles, I found all in confusion. The + tables of the money-changers had been overturned, and the men were + gathering their moneys from the ground. And in the midst I saw one + with a scourge in his hand. His face was full of wrath and scorn, his + eyes blazed, and on his left temple stood out a vein all blue, + throbbing with his passion. He was neither short nor tall, but of + sturdy figure, and clad in rustic garb.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now, as the + money-changers were escaping from his wrath, one of them ran + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page12">[pg 12]</span><a name="Pg012" + id="Pg012" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>against a little child that was + in the court, and it fell screaming. The fellow took no heed, but + went on his course. But the man with the scourge went to the little + child and raised it to its feet, and pressed it to his side; the hand + that rested on the curly head was that of a workman, with broken + nails, and yet the fingers twitched with the excitement of the man. + But, looking to his face, I saw that a wonderful change had come over + it. From rage, it had turned to pity and love; the eyes that had + flashed scorn on the money-changers now looked down with tenderness + on the little child. I remember thinking to myself, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“This man cannot say the thing that is not; his face + bewrayeth him.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Meanwhile the + money-changers and those with them had collected together near the + gate by which I had entered, and stood there whispering and muttering + among themselves. All at once they turned towards the man as he was + soothing the little child, and shouted out together, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Mamzer! Mamzer!</span></span>”</span> which in + our tongue signifieth one born out of wedlock. Then the man looked up + from <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page13">[pg 13]</span><a name= + "Pg013" id="Pg013" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>the little child, his + face once more full of rage, and the blue vein throbbing on his + temple. He took a step towards the men, and then he stopped. His face + changed to a look of pity, and the men themselves, in fear and shame, + slunk away before his look through the gate and were gone.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Then he turned + towards those that had for sale doves as sacrifices for the women and + the poor. To these he spoke in a tone that was calm and yet full of + authority, and then I noticed that his voice had the burr of our + northern peasantry. He said unto them, <span class="tei tei-q">“Take + these things hence; make not my Father’s house a house of + merchandise.”</span> And these, too, went away through the gates, + carrying with them the wicker cages full of doves. Ever since that + time the doves have been for sale in Hanan’s Bazaar on the Mount of + Olives.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now I must tell + thee that at this time there had been much disputing between the + Pharisees and the Sadducees as to the sale of beasts for sacrifice. + The Pharisees held that each man might buy such beasts wherever he + would; but the Sadducees, <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page14">[pg + 14]</span><a name="Pg014" id="Pg014" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>being + mainly priests, or of priestly blood, would have it that the beasts + of sacrifice could only be purchased from the salesmen duly + authorized by the High Priest; for they said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Who shall tell that the beasts are according to the Law, + if they are bought from any chance person?”</span> Yet many thought + they only did this in order that they might share the profit from the + sale of the animals. And, indeed, the great riches of the High + Priests came mainly from this source. When, therefore, I saw the man + with the scourge getting rid of these sacrificial animals from the + courts of the Temple, my first thought was that he was of the sect of + the Pharisees. Yet these are rarely found in the country parts, and + the man bore no great marks of special piety; his phylacteries were + not broader than my own; the fringes of his garment were not more + conspicuous, nor did he seem as one of the fanatics who are so many + in our land. He had done what he had done in all calmness, and with a + certain air of authority. My wonder was aroused to think what manner + of man this could be, who did the <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page15">[pg 15]</span><a name="Pg015" id="Pg015" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>work of the Pharisees, and was not one + himself.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">While I thus + thought, the man turned to a group of men clad in the same rustic + garb, saying, <span class="tei tei-q">“Be ye rather approved + money-changers, holding fast the good and casting forth the + false;”</span><a id="noteref_1" name="noteref_1" href= + "#note_1"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1</span></span></a> and, + after other words, he turned from them and went up the steps leading + to the Women’s Court.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now thou knowest, + Aglaophonos, that at the entrance of this court standeth an + inscription which saith, <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Let none of alien + birth pass within the Temple cloisters: he that transgresses is + guilty of death.</span></span>”</span> As the man with the scourge + would enter the Women’s Court, the Roman sentry stopped him, and + pointed to this inscription with his spear. He shook his head, saying + in faulty Greek, <span class="tei tei-q">“Jewish I am,”</span> and + showed the soldier the fringes of his garment after the Jewish + fashion. Then the sentry drew back, and the man passed through.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Thereupon I went + up to the men to <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page16">[pg + 16]</span><a name="Pg016" id="Pg016" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>whom + the man with the scourge had spoken, and greeted them with the + greeting of peace.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Peace unto thee, master,”</span> said one of them in the + same northern accent I had noticed in their leader.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Who is that man,”</span> I said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“that has just gone into the Temple cloister?”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Jesus of Nazara, in Galilee.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“And whose son is he?”</span> I asked.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The man looked at + his companions ere he answered,—</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Of Joseph ben Eli the carpenter, and Miriam his + wife.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“And what is his trade?”</span> I continued.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“A wheelwright,”</span> he said; <span class= + "tei tei-q">“the best wheels and yokes in all Capernaum are made by + him.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“But is he of the country-folk,<a id="noteref_2" name= + "noteref_2" href="#note_2"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">2</span></span></a> or a + pupil of the wise?”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Nay, master, he knoweth the Law and the + Prophets.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Of what party is he? Boethusian he <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page17">[pg 17]</span><a name="Pg017" id="Pg017" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a>cannot be, nor Sadducee; but is he + Pharisee or Zealot, Essene or Baptist?”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“He is of no party.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“But from whom hath he received the tradition of the + elders? At whose feet has he sat? Whom calleth he master?”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“He hath been baptized by Jochanan his kinsman, but none + calleth he master.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“If he have not the tradition, he cannot teach the Law, + for his words will not be binding. Doth he sit in judgment or + pronounce <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Din</span></span>?”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Nay, master, he but teacheth us to be good.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Ah,”</span> said I, <span class="tei tei-q">“he is but a + homolist of the Hagada; he addeth naught to the <span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Halacha</span></span>. Then what is his + motto?”</span><a id="noteref_3" name="noteref_3" href= + "#note_3"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">3</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“He saith, <span class="tei tei-q">‘Repent ye, for the + kingdom of heaven is at hand.’</span> ”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Then I took the + man away from his companions, and out of hearing of the Roman sentry, + and asked him in a low tone, <span class="tei tei-q">“And who shall + be the king thereof?”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But the man + answered not, but said only, <span class="tei tei-q">“Lo! he + cometh.”</span></p><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page18">[pg + 18]</span><a name="Pg018" id="Pg018" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">And, indeed, at + that moment Jesus came down by the steps he had ascended and beckoned + to his companions. And as they went towards him I was surprised, and + at the same time horrified, to see amongst them two persons whom I + little thought to find in any public place in Jerusalem, still less + in the courts of the Temple. One was a woman in the yellow veil of a + <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">hetæra</span></span>; the other, a mere + <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Nathin</span></span> who had no name among men, + but was called <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Dog o’ Dogs</span></span>. These two pressed + close to Jesus; the woman rushed forward with a sob and raised the + hem of his garment to her lips, while to the man he spoke some + friendly words, smiling on him as they walked towards the + entrance.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">I was astonished. + The man had seemed so careful of the purity of the Temple that he + would not allow even the necessary arrangements for its service to be + performed in its precincts, yet he allowed its courts to be defiled + by the vilest of the vile. Perchance, I thought, he had prevailed + upon them to perform the vows enjoined by the Law, and cleanse + themselves of their sin. Or was it that he was <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page19">[pg 19]</span><a name="Pg019" id="Pg019" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a>ignorant of their characters, being but + newly come from rural parts? He must, indeed, be different from other + rabbis, who kept themselves apart from all transgressors against the + Law till they had repented and done penance.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">While I thus + meditated, I saw the High Priest Hanan, whom ye Hellenes call Annas, + enter into the court of the Gentiles with his guard. Thou rememberest + the man, Aglaophonos—how his tyranny extended over all the city. He + was still called High Priest, though Valerius Gratius, the + Procurator, had deposed him years before, lest haply he might regain + the regal power of the Maccabæans. Still, even after his deposition, + he had sufficient power to get his sons or sons-in-law named High + Priests. It was one of the latter, Joseph Caiaphas, who at that time + held the office; yet the people still called Hanan High Priest, and + he himself wore on high days the bells and pomegranates round his + tunic as a sign of his dignity. Thou must remember his keen-cut face, + his nose like an eagle’s, his long white beard, bent neck, and sinewy + hand. Was it thou or I that first called him <span class= + "tei tei-q">“the Old Vulture”</span>?</p><span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page20">[pg 20]</span><a name="Pg020" id="Pg020" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">He had heard of + the insult to his dignity by the removal, without his orders, of the + money-changers and others to whom the people paid the fees from which + he and his made such display in his grand dwelling on the Mount of + Olives. <span class="tei tei-q">“Where is he? where is he?”</span> he + cried, as he came bustling up, with neck extended, and looking more + than ever like a bird of prey. He soon found that the man he sought + had gone; but he had given his orders, and before I left the court, I + saw the money-changers reënter and the cattle driven back. I had to + attend a meeting of the Sanhedrim, for that year I had risen to the + third and highest bench of disciples who sit under its members when + they give judgment. Next year I was elected of the Seventy-One myself + in the section of Israelites. It must, therefore, have been in the + sixteenth year of Tiberius the Emperor, nearly five-and-twenty years + agone, that I thus saw for the first time Jesus the Nazarene.</p> + </div> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg021" id="Pg021" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> <a name="toc5" id="toc5"></a> <a name="pdf6" + id="pdf6"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "margin-top: 3.46em; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">II.</span><br /> + <span style="font-size: 173%">THE UPBRINGING.</span></h1> + + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg022" id="Pg022" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page23">[pg + 23]</span><a name="Pg023" id="Pg023" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Thou canst imagine + the wonder and excitement in Jerusalem at this bold deed of the + Nazarene. Not even the oracle of Delphi is regarded with so much + reverence as our sacred fane, and none in our time had dared to + interfere with its regulations, which have all the sacredness of our + traditions. And of these none was regarded by the priestly guardians + of the Temple as of greater weight for them than the right of sale of + beasts of sacrifice. It is from this, as I have said, that the + priestly order gain their wealth, and no more deadly blow could be + struck at their power than to deprive them of this. Hence had the + Pharisees protested against this right, but none had hitherto dared + to carry out the protest in very deed. All the poor and all the pious + would have been glad if they could buy their offerings to the Lord + wheresoever they would.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But more than all, + men of Jerusalem <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page24">[pg + 24]</span><a name="Pg024" id="Pg024" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>were + amazed at the daring of the Galilæan stranger in opposing the High + Priest Hanan. This man had been the tyrant of the Temple and of the + city for the whole span of a generation of men, and no man had dared + say him nay for all that time. Even the Romans, who had deposed him + from his position as High Priest, had not dared to interfere with him + otherwise. Yet had this rude countryman, who had never been seen, + never been known to set foot in Jerusalem before, dared to strike at + the root of his power and wealth. Thou canst not wonder that men were + curious to know what manner of man he might be who had dared this + great thing, and busy rumor ran through all the bazaars of Jerusalem, + asking, Who is this Jesus of Nazara? All that I learnt of his kindred + and early life I learnt at this time, and I here set it forth in + order.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">It was natural + that I should first direct my inquiries as to his birth, for the + insulting cry of the money-changers still rang in my ears. Thou + knowest our pride of birth; I learnt from thee to abate it. Every man + in Israel taketh his place in <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page25">[pg 25]</span><a name="Pg025" id="Pg025" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>the nation according as he is a son of Aaron or + of Levi, a simple Israelite, or a proselyte that fears the Lord; each + man knoweth his own and his neighbor’s genealogy. The greatest slur + upon a man is to accuse him of <span class= + "tei tei-q">“mixture,”</span> the greatest insult is to call him + <span class="tei tei-q">“bastard.”</span> Why had the money-changers + cast this slur upon the Nazarene? Thou and I, Aglaophonos, who boast + to be citizens of the Kosmos, would not think the worse of him if the + taunt were true. Yet thou canst understand how great, even if he only + thought it to be true, would be the influence of such a slur on this + mans mind and on his career. If in after-days he showed himself so + careless of the nation’s hopes, may it not have been that he felt + himself in some way outside the nation?</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now I found, upon + inquiry among the Galilæans settled in Jerusalem, that some such + scandal had arisen about his birth. There had even been talk that + Joseph ben Eli would have put away his wife, but for the stern + penalties which our Law inflicts upon the misdoer. Yet there may have + been naught but suspicion in the matter, <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page26">[pg 26]</span><a name="Pg026" id="Pg026" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>for the two lived together, and Miriam bore + several children to Joseph after this Jesus. But between him and them + there was never good will, and I have heard things told of this Jesus + which seem to show some harshness in his treatment of them, and even + of his mother. Once when he was told that his mother and brethren + were without, and would see him, he as it were repudiated them, + saying, <span class="tei tei-q">“Who are my mother and my brothers? + Whosoever doeth the will of God, the same is my brother and sister + and mother.”</span> Again, when once his mother came to him and would + speak to him, he said to her, <span class="tei tei-q">“Woman, what + have I to do with thee?”</span> The man whom I had seen so tenderly + thoughtful to a little child could not have spoken thus unless he had + felt himself placed by some means outside the natural ties of + men.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Of Jesus’ + upbringing I could learn little. When he was at the age of thirteen, + when each Jewish male child becomes a Son of the Covenant + (<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Bar + Mitzva</span></span>), and, as we think, takes his sins upon his own + soul, his parents brought him to Jerusalem. On <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page27">[pg 27]</span><a name="Pg027" id="Pg027" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a>this occasion, as some still remember, he + showed remarkable knowledge of the Law, when, as is customary, they + read the portion of the Law set down for the Sabbath reading next + after his birthday, and he was examined in its meaning by the learned + men present. Yet he fulfilled not this promise of devotion to the Law + as he grew in years. I cannot learn that he dusted himself with the + <span class="tei tei-q">“dust of the wise,”</span> as the sages have + commanded.<a id="noteref_4" name="noteref_4" href= + "#note_4"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">4</span></span></a> Not + having sat at the feet of any of the holders of tradition, he could + not pronounce decisions of the Law.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">His father brought + him up to his own trade, that of carpenter. With us manual toil is + not despised, as among you Hellenes; there is a saying among us, + <span class="tei tei-q">“Whoso bringeth not his son up to a + handicraft traineth him for a robber.”</span> Jesus was a good and + capable worker, and devoted himself especially to the making of yokes + and wheels at Capernaum, where <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page28">[pg 28]</span><a name="Pg028" id="Pg028" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>he had settled, some five hours’ journey from + his native place. Here he would often read the <span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Haphtaroth</span></span>, or prophetical + lessons, in the synagogue, and explain it after the manner of the + Hagada.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Thus he would have + passed his life, a wheelwright on week-days, a preacher on the + Sabbath and festivals, but for a strange event that occurred in his + own family. Among us Jews, none has more honor than the <span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Nabi</span></span>, the man who speaks the word + of wisdom in the name of God. How know we that a man is a Nabi? + Chiefly by his words, but mainly by his eyes, in which there shines + the light of prophecy. Now, when Jesus was about thirty years old, + three or four years before I first saw him, the light of prophecy + came in the eyes of his cousin, Jochanan ben Zacharia Ha-Cohen. Thou + knowest, Aglaophonos, that amongst us there is a sect of Essenoi, who + answer in much to the Pythagoreans among the Hellenes. These Essenoi + eat no flesh, they dwell not in the cities of men, they perform + frequent lustrations, nor will they admit any into their community + until they have been baptized <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page29">[pg 29]</span><a name="Pg029" id="Pg029" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>of them; they care little for the Temple + service, and in this above all distinguish themselves from either + Pharisees or Sadducees. Their belief in the angels is strong, and + they use magic for the healing of sickness.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now, this + Jochanan, the cousin of Jesus, seems to have adopted in many things + the views of these Essenoi: he separated himself from men, and ate no + flesh, nor did he go up to the Temple on the three great festivals of + the year; and above all, when men began to follow after him, he would + admit none to communion with him till he had baptized them in running + water, and for this he was called among the folk Jochanan the + Baptizer. Yet he was not an Essene, for he joined not their + communion, nor established any distinction of orders among the men + who came out to him; he was more like unto the prophets of old, who + taught as individuals new truths about life; and his great teaching + was this: <span class="tei tei-q">“Repent ye, for the kingdom of + heaven is at hand.”</span> And men went out to him, asking him in + what they should repent so as to become worthy of the <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page30">[pg 30]</span><a name="Pg030" id="Pg030" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a>kingdom. Above all, those who were + despised of the people because they did the work of the Romans, by + being their tax-gatherers or their soldiers, feared the wrath to come + in the new kingdom which he preached, and asked him in what they + should alter their ways. But to them he was by no means hard, saying + only to the tax-gatherers, <span class="tei tei-q">“Act + justly,”</span> and to the soldiers, <span class="tei tei-q">“Do no + violence.”</span> To the poor he was tender and merciful, but + exhorted the rich to divide their possessions with the poor. In this + way he drew unto him all who were despised of the people, and those + who were poor and miserable. Thus he attracted the notice of the + rulers, who feared that he was preparing to rebel against them; for + they said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Wherefore does this man attract + to him the discontented and the soldiery?”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now, when the + family of Jesus heard that their relative was gaining a name among + men, they sent to Jesus, asking him to go with them unto his cousin; + but he, as I have heard, at first refused, saying, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Wherein have I sinned, that I should be baptized of + Jochanan?”</span> Yet afterwards <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page31">[pg 31]</span><a name="Pg031" id="Pg031" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>he consented unto this, and went out to be + baptized of his cousin. And when he saw the power for good that + Jochanan exercised, his spirit was exalted, and he felt that he too + had within him the same power. Many strange things have I heard of + what happened to this Jesus when he submitted to be baptized by his + cousin. And as none but Jesus would have known his feelings on that + occasion, these reports must have come from him. Among us it is the + custom that each Jew should select from the Psalms some <span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">stichos</span></span> which should serve as the + motto of his life, and identify him when he appeareth before the + Angel of Death. Now, it would appear that as Jesus was being baptized + of Jochanan he heard the Daughter<a id="noteref_5" name="noteref_5" + href="#note_5"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">5</span></span></a> of the + Voice of God say to him the <span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">stichos</span></span> + of the psalm, <span class="tei tei-q">“Thou art my Son; this day have + I begotten thee.”</span> Whether this was a protest of his soul + against the slur cast upon his birth, what man shall say? But + henceforth he spake of the fatherhood of God as if it had to him a + deeper sense than to most <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page32">[pg + 32]</span><a name="Pg032" id="Pg032" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>of us + Jews, though with us, as I have oft explained to thee, it is the + central feeling of our faith.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Jesus did not + remain long out in the wilderness with his cousin; he, indeed, early + recognized his superiority, though he was his master and his teacher. + For at the first the teaching of Jesus differed but in little from + the teaching of Jochanan. He summed up his whole aim in the words + which I had heard his followers use in the Temple: <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Repent ye, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand;”</span> + and this he must have learnt from his cousin. So, too, like Jochanan, + he mingled with the tax-gatherers and the soldiery, and above all + addressed himself to the poor, and, as I was to see, exhorted the + rich to distribute their possessions. In all these things he was but + the follower of his cousin Jochanan. It is no wonder, therefore, that + when Jesus separated himself from Jochanan, and began to be a teacher + of men, many left Jochanan and followed after Jesus; and until this + Jochanan met with a violent end at the hands of the rulers, there was + in some sort a rivalry if not be<span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page33">[pg 33]</span><a name="Pg033" id="Pg033" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>tween the men themselves, at least between the + followers of Jochanan and of Jesus.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But even from the + first there was a difference in Jesus’ manner of teaching, if not in + the teaching itself. He, indeed, did not wait for men to come out to + him in the wilderness, but returned to the towns and villages around + the Sea of Galilee. Many of the fishermen left their work to follow + him, and become, as he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“fishers of + men.”</span> He preached as before in the synagogues on the words of + the prophets, but now he commenced to go forth to preach and teach + among the people in their homes. Yet it was observed that he went not + only among the rich and powerful, who are used in our country to + receive all who come at meal-times, but most of all among the poor, + and those despised of men for their ill life or their degraded + occupations. Nor did he despise those who know not the Law nor keep + its commands, but mixed freely with them, thereby incurring the wrath + of those among us, and there are many, who are eager for the credit + of the Law. Still, though he lived his life among the low and the + vile, he practiced none of <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page34">[pg + 34]</span><a name="Pg034" id="Pg034" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>their + ways, nor was aught of low or vile seen in him or those with him. Yet + he turned against him many who would have been well disposed towards + him, in that he followed his cousin’s example, and spake kindly to + the tax-gatherers and to the soldiers, whom the greater part of the + Jews regard as the enemies of their country.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now, as he began + to live his life among the people, he began to do many signs and + wonders, like all our great teachers and prophets. In truth, we say, + how shall a man be accounted a prophet unless he can do wonders? + Indeed, as Jesus himself said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Why marvel ye + at the signs? I give unto you an inheritance such as the whole world + holds not.”</span> And the manner of his wonders was this: if a man + was afflicted with a demon of madness, he would cause him to fix his + eyes upon his, and after a while would speak sternly and suddenly to + the demon within him, who would depart from him, rending his soul. + So, too, would he do with women who were torn asunder by the demons + fighting within. To these he would speak calmly after he had fixed + their eyes, and, <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page35">[pg + 35]</span><a name="Pg035" id="Pg035" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>behold, a great calm would come upon them. But + he used no exorcisms or magic in his healing, nor spake he in the + name of God, but with the tone of one having authority in himself. + Hence many thought he had within him a greater Daimon than those + afflicted men and women whom he healed. Thence it was thought that + for this reason the demons of madness often returned to those whom he + had freed for a while with greater violence after he had gone forth + from the place of their habitation. There was much murmuring against + him for that he did his healing, not in the name of God, but in his + own name and his own authority.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Yet he claimed no + authority to decide the questions of the Law; though many applied to + him in difficult cases, these he referred to the learned in the Law, + saying, <span class="tei tei-q">“Do ye as the scribes + command.”</span> Yet it was complained that he paid no great + attention to their commands himself, nor for his followers. Nor did + he rebuke men when he saw them transgressing the Law even in the + greater transgressions. Thus I have heard it said of him, that once + with <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page36">[pg 36]</span><a name= + "Pg036" id="Pg036" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>his followers, he met a + man laboring on the Sabbath day, a sin which, according to the Law, + was punished with stoning. But all he said unto him was this: + <span class="tei tei-q">“Man, if thou knowest what thou doest, + blessed art thou; but if thou knowest not, accursed art thou, and a + transgressor of the Law.”</span><a id="noteref_6" name="noteref_6" + href="#note_6"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">6</span></span></a> This is, + indeed, a dark saying. Is each man, then, to choose for himself which + commands of the Law he shall do, and which not? The fence of the Law, + which our Sages have built up with such labor and toil, would be + stricken down at one stroke. Yet perhaps in this he only followed the + principle of our Sages who have said, <span class="tei tei-q">“The + Sabbath was made for you, not you for the Sabbath.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Such was the + manner of life of this Jesus up to the time when I first saw him in + the Temple. Men knew not what to make of him; many regarded him as a + prophet because of the signs and the wonders which he did; and those + who were looking forward to the blessed day in which Israel would be + free again under its own king hoped that he was Elijah come again to + prepare the way for the new kingdom.</p> + </div> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg037" id="Pg037" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> <a name="toc7" id="toc7"></a> <a name="pdf8" + id="pdf8"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: center; margin-top: 3.46em; margin-bottom: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">III.</span><br /> + <span style="font-size: 173%">EARLIER TEACHING.</span><br /> + <span style="font-size: 173%">SERMON IN THE SYNAGOGUE OF THE + GALILÆANS.</span></h1> + + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg038" id="Pg038" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page39">[pg + 39]</span><a name="Pg039" id="Pg039" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">It must have been + a year after I had first seen Jesus that I saw him again the second + time in Jerusalem. It fell out in this wise: I was proceeding one + morning to the meeting of the Sanhedrim, when, as I came near the + Synagogue of the Galilæans in the Fish-Market, I found a crowd of men + entering in. I asked one of them what was going forward, and he said, + <span class="tei tei-q">“Jesus the Nazarene will expound the + Law.”</span> So I determined to take the morning service in this + synagogue rather than with my colleagues in the Temple, and went in, + the people giving way before me, as was my due as a member of the + Sanhedrim.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now, this + synagogue of the Galilæans differed in naught from the rest of the + synagogues of the Jews. It cannot be that thou hast not visited one + of these when thou wast in the Holy City, but perchance thy memory is + dim after all these years, and I will in a few words explain to thee + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page40">[pg 40]</span><a name="Pg040" + id="Pg040" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>its arrangement. In the wall at + the west end was the cabinet containing the scrolls of the Law, with + a curtain before it, for this is, as it were, the Holy of Holies of + the synagogue. The men go up to this, on to the platform before it, + by three steps. Then comes a vacant space, in the midst of which + stands a dais, with a reading-desk whereon the Law is read: this we + call by your Greek name <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">bema</span></span>. Then in the rest of the hall + sit the folk, arranged in benches one after another, somewhat as in + your theatres. Now, as I came in, they had said the morning psalms, + and most of the Eighteen Blessings, and shortly after the reading of + the Law began. The curtain was drawn aside from the holy ark, the + scroll of the Law was taken thence, to the singing of psalms unto the + <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">bema</span></span>. Then, as is customary, the + messenger of the congregation summoned first to the reading of the + Law a Cohen, a descendant of Aaron, one of the priestly caste. And + after he had read some verses of the Law in the holy tongue, the + dragoman read its translation into Chaldee, so as to be understanded + of the unlearned folk, and of the women who <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page41">[pg 41]</span><a name="Pg041" id="Pg041" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>were in the gallery outside the synagogue, and + separated from it by a grating. Then after the priest came a Levite, + who also read some verses, and after him an ordinary Israelite. Then + the messenger of the synagogue called out, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Let Rabbi Joshua ben Joseph arise.”</span> Then Jesus + the Nazarene went up to the <span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">bema</span></span> + and read his appointed verses, and these were translated as before by + the dragoman. And after the reading of the Law was concluded, the + <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Parnass</span></span>, or president of the + congregation, requested Jesus to read the <span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Haphtara</span></span>, the lesson from the + prophets; and this he did, using the cantillation with which we chant + words of Holy Scripture. Yet never heard I one whose voice so + thrilled me, and brought home to one the import of the great words; + and this was strange, for his accent was, as I had before noticed, + that of the Galilæan peasantry, at which we of Jerusalem were wont to + scoff. Then, after the Law had been returned to the ark with song and + psalm, Jesus turned round to the people on the <span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">bema</span></span> + and began his discourse. It is near five-and-twenty years since I + heard him, and much have I for<span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page42">[pg 42]</span><a name="Pg042" id="Pg042" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>gotten in that long time. But many of his + sayings still ring in my ears, and I will here put down, as far as + possible in order, all that I can remember of the discourse.<a id= + "noteref_7" name="noteref_7" href="#note_7"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">7</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style= + "margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 2.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“It hath been written by the Prophet Esaias: Behold, his + reward is with him, and his work before him. Yea, behold a man and + his work before him. He that worketh not, let him not eat. Yet he + that plougheth, let him plough in hope; he that thresheth, thresh in + hope of partaking. Howbeit, he who longs to be rich is like a man who + drinketh seawater: the more he drinketh the more thirsty he becomes, + and never leaves off drinking till he perish. Blessed is he who also + fasts that he may feed the poor: for it is more blessed to give than + to receive. Yet let thy alms sweat into thy hands until thou know to + whom thou givest. Where there are pains, thither hastens the + physician: that which is weak shall be saved by that <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page43">[pg 43]</span><a name="Pg043" id="Pg043" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a>which is strong. For the sake of the weak + I was weak, for the sake of the hungry I hungered, for the sake of + the thirsty I thirsted. But woe to those who have yet hypocritically + taken from others; who are able to help themselves, and yet wish to + take from others: for each man shall give account in the day of + judgment.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“That which thou hatest thou shalt not do to another. + Good things must come; he is blessed through whom they come. Love + covereth a multitude of sins; so never be joyful save when you look + upon your brother’s countenance in love. Let not the sun go down upon + your wrath. For the greatest of crimes is this: if a man shall sadden + his brother’s spirit. Blessed, too, are they who mourn for the + perdition of unbelievers. Do not give occasion to the Wicked One. Who + is the Wicked One? He that tempts. Yet none shall reach the kingdom + of heaven unless he have been tempted: for our Father which is in + heaven would rather the repentance of a sinner than his correction. + Yet he will cleanse the house of his kingdom from all offence. Be, + therefore, <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page44">[pg + 44]</span><a name="Pg044" id="Pg044" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>careful and prudent and wise, lest any of you be + caught in the snares of the devil, for that ancient enemy goes about + buffeting.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 2.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“If thou hast seen thy brother, thou hast seen thy Lord, + God the Father, whose fatherland is everywhere, in heaven and upon + earth. Far and near, the Lord knoweth his own. So grieve not the holy + spirit which is in you, nor extinguish the light which shines in you. + Guard the flesh pure, and the signet spotless, so that ye may take + hold upon eternal life. For our possessions are in heaven; therefore, + sons of men, purchase unto yourselves by these transitory things + which are not yours, what is yours, and shall not pass + away.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">I cannot tell + thee, Aglaophonos, how deeply this discourse affected me. Just as the + Hellenes are eager to find each day some new beauty in man or the + world, or some new truth about the relation of things, so we Hebrews + rejoice in finding new ideals in the relations of men. Each of our + Sages prides himself on this—<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page45">[pg + 45]</span><a name="Pg045" id="Pg045" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>that + he has said some maxim of wisdom that none had thought of before him, + and so each of them is remembered in the minds of men by one or more + of his favorite maxims. But it is rare if in a whole lifetime a sage + sayeth more than one word fit to be treasured up among men. Yet was + this man Jesus dropping pearls of wisdom from his mouth in prodigal + profusion. As each memorable word fell from his lips, a murmur of + delighted surprise passed round the synagogue, and each man looked to + his neighbor with brightened eyes. Some of the thoughts, indeed, I + had heard from other of our Sages, but never in so pointed a form, + surely never in such profusion from a single sage.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">And if what was + said delighted us, the manner in which it was said entranced us still + more. The voice of the speaker answered to the thoughts he expressed, + as the Kinnor of David, according to our Sages, turned the wind into + music. When he spoke of love, his voice was as the cooing dove; when + he denounced the oppressor, it clanged like a silver trumpet. + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page46">[pg 46]</span><a name="Pg046" + id="Pg046" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>Indeed, his whole countenance + and bearing changed in like manner, so that every word he uttered + seemed to be the outcome of his whole being.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But most of all + was it the vividness of his eyes that impressed his words upon us. I + had seen them flashing with scorn in the Temple, I now saw them + melting with tenderness in the synagogue; and there was this of + strange in them, that they seemed to speak other and deeper words. As + he gazed upon us, I felt as if all my inmost being was bare to the + gaze of those eyes. They seemed to know all my secret thoughts and + sins; and yet I felt not ashamed, for as they saw the sins, so they + seemed to speak forgiveness of them.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">What I felt then, + others felt with me, for, as I afterwards learnt, each man felt the + same as the eyes of Jesus fell upon him; and most curious it was that + each man thought as I did, that the eyes of the speaker were upon him + during the whole of the discourse. I have seen here in Alexandria + portraits of men painted by your subtlest artists, in which, from + whatever <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page47">[pg 47]</span><a name= + "Pg047" id="Pg047" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>place you looked at + them, the eyes seemed to gaze upon you. So was it with Jesus. Not + alone did I, who was, as a member of the Sanhedrim, sitting + immediately before him, feel his eyes pierce to my soul, but all who + were in that synagogue felt the same. Nor did the effect die away + after I had left the synagogue; for days and days afterwards, + whenever I closed my eyes, or gazed for long on the wall, I could see + the eyes of Jesus, and with it his whole face gazing upon me.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">I had left the + synagogue a little before the others, because a messenger had been + sent from the Sanhedrim to seek for a member who should make up the + quorum of Twenty-Three; and this messenger, hearing that a member of + the Sanhedrim was in the synagogue of the Galilæans, sent in to + summon me. When the sitting was over, I sought for Jesus again, but + found that he had left the city. And for a time I neither saw nor + heard aught more of him, save such rumors as came to the Holy City + from Galilee. About this time many joined themselves unto him, going + whithersoever he went. Those, <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page48">[pg 48]</span><a name="Pg048" id="Pg048" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>too, who had joined themselves to Jochanan + passed over to him, for Jochanan had been slain by Herod, whom he had + rebuked for his wicked living. It was, indeed, said that Herod had + also captured this Jesus when he found that he was following in the + footsteps of Jochanan; but this proved to be untrue, and the + multitude thronged more and more after Jesus, and from this time he + began to teach them regularly, after the manner of our Sages. Yet he + did not pronounce decisions of Halacha on questions of our Law; + indeed, he disclaimed all interference with such questions. + <span class="tei tei-q">“I am not come,”</span> he said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“to take away from the Law of Moses, nor to add to the + Law of Moses am I come.”</span> Only one saying of his have I heard + of wherein he said aught at variance with the Torah. When the + children of a man who had recently died asked him in what way should + the property be divided, he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Let son + and daughter inherit alike.”</span> In this, as in other things, he + was more favorable to the claims of the women than the Law and the + Sages. For this reason, perhaps, it was that many women followed + after <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page49">[pg 49]</span><a name= + "Pg049" id="Pg049" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>him, even joined in + prayer with him and those with him, against the custom of our nation. + Hence arose much scandal among the more rigidly pious among us, who + follow the saying of Joseph ben Jochanan, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Engage not in much converse with women.”</span> But I + have heard naught of evil that resulted from this free mingling of + men and women among his followers. Yet Jesus was not against the due + subordination of women, for he also said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Let the wife be in subordination to her + husband.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Thou must know + that among us our Sages are of two kinds, the Halachists and the + Hagadists. The former deal with matters of the Law according to the + tradition they have received from their teacher; but the latter + expound the words of the Scripture, and deal with the moral relations + of man to man. Some of our Sages, indeed, like the great Hillel, who + died when I was a child, have been equally masters both of the + Halacha and the Hagada; and in many ways the teaching of Jesus seems + to have resembled, if it did not follow, that of Hillel. I must tell + thee <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page50">[pg 50]</span><a name= + "Pg050" id="Pg050" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>one anecdote about this + Hillel which is well known amongst us. He was distinguished for his + evenness of temper, and men would often in sport try to make him lose + it. A heathen came before him one day, and declared that he would + become a Jew if only Hillel would tell him the whole Law while he + stood upon one foot, hoping thereby to irritate Hillel by his + presumption. But Hillel said only, <span class="tei tei-q">“What thou + wilt not for thyself, do not to thy neighbor. This is the whole of + the Law; all the rest is but commentary thereon. Go and + learn.”</span> Now, among the disciples of Hillel was one who + compiled for the heathen a summary of the Law in the spirit of + Hillel; and it seemed to me, from what I heard of Jesus’ teaching, + that he had learnt much from this summary, which is called + <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">The Two Ways</span></span>.”</span> I will + have a copy written out for thee, for it is very short.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now, in all the + teaching of Jesus which I heard of about this time, he seems to have + expanded, but in no wise modified, the teaching of <span class= + "tei tei-q">“The Two Ways.”</span> Above all, he seems to have warned + men against <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page51">[pg + 51]</span><a name="Pg051" id="Pg051" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>the + evil feelings within, that lead to sins against the Law, and therein + differed somewhat from the practice of our Sages, who think that by + doing the Law and keeping to it rightful feelings shall grow, and + evil thoughts fly away.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Yet while in many + ways Jesus seemed to be of the School of Hillel, in others he cast in + his lot with the men among us who claim to be especially favored of + God, because—thou wilt smile, Aglaophonos—because they are poor. Thou + hast read our Psalms, and knowest with what insistence the poor and + the righteous, the rich and the wicked, are identified in them. Many + of our nation have taken this to heart, and as it were pride + themselves upon their humility, as some of them call themselves + <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ebionim</span></span>, or the Poor; some, the + <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Zaddikim</span></span>, or Righteous; some, + <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Chasidim</span></span>, or Pious. Thou canst not + call them a sect, for in a way they include the whole nation. In the + Eighteen Blessings which form the staple of our daily prayers, the + Lord is blessed as the Guardian and Refuge of the <span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Zaddikim</span></span>. Now, it was chiefly + among these men, whether they called <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page52">[pg 52]</span><a name="Pg052" id="Pg052" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>themselves <span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ebionim</span></span>, or <span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Zaddikim</span></span>, or <span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Chasidim</span></span>, that Jesus found his + chief adherents, though he seems to give his preference to the + <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ebionim</span></span>, who have always been + insisting upon the blessedness of the poor. Now, these men consider + themselves to be beyond all others the servants of the Lord, and + identify themselves with that picture of the servant which has been + given by the Prophet Esaias. Thus in all these ways Jesus appealed to + the more earnest part of our nation, and in him were conjoined most + of the movements that had touched us most deeply. If any had said at + this time, <span class="tei tei-q">“Jesus the Nazarene is a follower + of Jochanan the Baptizer, and preaches <span class="tei tei-q">‘The + Two Ways’</span> to the Poor,”</span> none could have gainsaid + him.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Yet all were + wondering what he would say to the other side of our nation’s hopes. + The life of our nation had begun with a deliverance; our chief + national feast recalls that deliverance from Egypt to us every year + as the spring comes round. We have become subject to all the great + kingdoms that have grown up round us, yet again and again we have + been delivered from each. <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page53">[pg + 53]</span><a name="Pg053" id="Pg053" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>Thou + and I have often wondered how it has come about that both Hellenes + and Hebrews, who feel ourselves in different ways higher than these + stolid Romans who rule us, have yet become subject to them. Thy + nation hath acquiesced in their rule; my people never will. Every man + who promises greatness among us is hoped for as the Deliverer. Many + men about this time began to ask, Will Jesus the Nazarene be the + Deliverer?</p><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page54">[pg + 54]</span><a name="Pg054" id="Pg054" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + </div> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-top: 5.00em; margin-bottom: 5.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg055" id="Pg055" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> <a name="toc9" id="toc9"></a> <a name="pdf10" + id="pdf10"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em; text-align: center"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">IV.</span><br /> + <span style="font-size: 173%">THE TWO WAYS.</span></h1> + + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg056" id="Pg056" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page57">[pg + 57]</span><a name="Pg057" id="Pg057" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now, this is the + <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">Catechism of the Two + Ways</span></span>”</span> which I have had copied out for thee, for + in it is the essence of the teaching of Jesus, as he himself + recognized in speaking to me, as thou wilt shortly hear.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“There are two ways, one of life and one of death, but + there is a great difference between the two ways. Now, the way of + life is this: first, Thou shalt love God who made thee; secondly, thy + neighbor as thyself, and all things whatsoever thou wouldest not + should be done to thee, do thou also not do to another. Thou shalt + not kill, thou shalt not commit adultery, thou shalt not corrupt + boys, thou shalt not commit fornication, thou shalt not steal, thou + shalt not use witchcraft, thou shalt not use enchantments, thou shalt + not kill an infant whether before or after birth, thou shalt not + covet thy neighbor’s goods.</span></p><span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page58">[pg 58]</span><a name="Pg058" id="Pg058" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Thou shalt not forswear thyself, thou shalt not bear + false witness, thou shalt not revile, thou shalt not bear + malice.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Thou shalt not be double-minded nor double-tongued; for + duplicity of tongue is a snare of death.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Thy speech shall not be false nor vain.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Thou shalt not be covetous, nor an extortioner, nor a + hypocrite, nor malignant, nor haughty. Thou shalt not take evil + counsel against thy neighbor.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Thou shalt hate no man, but some thou shalt rebuke, and + for some thou shalt pray, and some thou shalt love above thine own + soul.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“My child, flee from all evil, and from all that is like + unto it.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Be not soon angry, for anger leadeth to murder; nor + given to party-spirit, nor contentious, nor quick-tempered, for from + all these are generated murders.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“My child, be not lustful, for lust leadeth to + fornication; neither be a filthy talker, nor a lifter-up of the eyes, + for from all these things are generated adulteries.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“My child, be not thou an observer of birds, for it + leadeth to idolatry; nor a <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page59">[pg + 59]</span><a name="Pg059" id="Pg059" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>charmer, nor an astrologer, nor a user of + purifications; nor be thou willing to look on those things, for from + all these is generated idolatry.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“My child, be not a liar, for lying leadeth to theft; nor + a lover of money, nor fond of vainglory, for from all these things + are generated thefts.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“My child, be not a murmurer, for it leadeth to + blasphemy; neither self-willed, nor evil-minded, for from all these + things are generated blasphemies.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Be thou long-suffering, and merciful, and harmless, and + quiet, and good, and trembling continually at the words which thou + hast heard.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Thou shalt not exalt thyself, nor shalt thou give + presumption to thy soul. Thy soul shall not be joined to the lofty, + but with the just and lowly shalt thou converse.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“The events that happen to thee shalt thou accept as + good, knowing that without God nothing taketh place.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“My child, thou shalt remember night and day him that + speaketh to thee the word of God.</span></p><span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page60">[pg 60]</span><a name="Pg060" id="Pg060" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“But thou shalt seek out day by day the faces of the + saints, that thou mayest rest in their words.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Thou shalt not desire division, but shalt make peace + between those at strife; so thou shalt judge justly. Thou shalt not + respect a person in rebuking for transgressions.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Thou shalt not be of two minds whether it shall be or + not.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Be not one that stretcheth out his hands to receive, but + shutteth them close for giving.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“If thou hast, thou shalt give with thine hands a ransom + for thy sins.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Thou shalt not hesitate to give, nor when thou givest + shalt thou murmur, for thou shalt know who is the good recompenser of + the reward.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Thou shalt not turn away from him that needeth, but + shalt share all things with thy brother, and shalt not say that they + are thine own; for if ye are fellow-sharers in that which is + imperishable, how much more in perishable things.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Thou shalt not take away thine hand from thy son or from + thy daughter, but <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page61">[pg + 61]</span><a name="Pg061" id="Pg061" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>from + their youth up shalt thou teach them the fear of God.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Thou shalt not in thy bitterness lay commands on thy + man-servant or thy maid-servant, who hope in the same God, lest they + should not fear him who is God over you both; for He cometh not to + call men according to the outward appearance, but to those whom the + Spirit hath prepared.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“But ye, servants, shall be subject to your masters as to + a figure of God in reverence and fear.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Thou shalt hate all hypocrisy, and everything which is + not pleasing to the Lord.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Thou shalt not forsake the commandments of the Lord, but + shalt keep what thou hast received, neither adding thereto nor taking + away from it.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Thou shalt confess thy transgressions, and shalt not + come to thy prayer with an evil conscience. This is the way of + life.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“But the way of death is this. First of all, it is evil + and full of curse; murders, adulteries, lusts, fornications, thefts, + idolatries, witchcrafts, sorceries, robberies, false-<span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page62">[pg 62]</span><a name="Pg062" id="Pg062" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a>witnessings, hypocrisies, + double-heartedness, deceit, pride, wickedness, self-will, + covetousness, filthy talking, jealousy, presumption, haughtiness, + flattery.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Persecutors of the good, hating truth, loving a lie, not + knowing the reward of righteousness, not cleaving to that which is + good nor to righteous judgment, watching not for the good but for the + evil, far from whom is meekness and patience, loving vain things, + seeking after reward, not pitying the poor, not toiling with him who + is vexed with toil, not knowing Him that made them, murderers of + children, destroyers of the image of God, turning away from him that + is in need, vexing him that is afflicted, advocates of the rich, + lawless judges of the poor, wholly sinful.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Take heed that no one make thee to err from this way of + teaching, since he teacheth thee not according to God.”</span></p> + </div> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg063" id="Pg063" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> <a name="toc11" id="toc11"></a> <a name="pdf12" + id="pdf12"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "margin-bottom: 3.46em; text-align: center; margin-top: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">V.</span><br /> + <span style="font-size: 173%">THE WOMAN TAKEN IN + ADULTERY.</span><br /> + <span style="font-size: 173%">THE RICH YOUNG MAN.</span></h1> + + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg064" id="Pg064" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page65">[pg + 65]</span><a name="Pg065" id="Pg065" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">It must have been + many months after I had heard him discourse in the Galilæan synagogue + that I again saw Jesus the Nazarene. We in Jerusalem had our own + concerns to think of.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At this time the + long monopoly of rule by the Sadducees was gradually being broken. Of + the three divisions of the Sanhedrim, that of the ordinary Israelites + had become almost entirely composed of the Pharisees; I myself had + been elected as one of that party, and even in the other two sections + of the Priests and of the Levites, many, especially among the latter, + held with the Pharisees. Nor was this without influence upon the + political issues of the times. The Sadducees, being the sacerdotal + party, had no cause why they should be dissatisfied with the position + they held in the State under the Romans; but we of the Pharisees felt + far otherwise about the national hopes for deliverance. <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page66">[pg 66]</span><a name="Pg066" id="Pg066" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a>Since my days the influence of the + Pharisees has become predominant in the nation, and I foresee that + the struggle between us and the Romans cannot be delayed for long. At + the time of which I am writing, the hegemony had not yet passed over + to the Pharisees, and it was of import for us all to know whether any + man of influence was on our side, or on that of the Sadducees, or + whether he cared for neither, and cast in his lot with the smaller + sects.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now, it happened + about this time that I was attending my place in the Sanhedrim of + Israelites, to judge of a case of adultery. But in this matter our + Sages, and especially those of the Pharisaic tradition, had made + great changes in the Law as laid down for us by Moses; for he, as + thou knowest, commands that a woman taken in adultery shall be stoned + to death. Now, for a long time among us there has been an increasing + horror of inflicting the death penalty. If a Sanhedrim inflicts + capital punishment more than once in seven years, it is called a + Sanhedrim of murderers. Yet the Law of Moses de<span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page67">[pg 67]</span><a name="Pg067" id="Pg067" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a>clared that whosoever was guilty of + adultery would be put to death. What, then, was to be done? It is + against the principle of justice that any should be punished for an + offence of which he is ignorant. Hence, in capital offences, our + Sages, to mercy inclined, have laid it down that a man must be + assumed to be ignorant of the guilt of the offence, unless it be + proved that he had been solemnly warned of its gravity; and in our + Law proof can only be given by two simultaneous witnesses. Hence it + is impossible to obtain conviction for a woman who hath committed + adultery, unless proof is given that she hath been previously warned + by two persons at once. This can scarcely ever be. No Jewish woman in + my time has ever been stoned as the Law commands for this sin. Some + think that this is too great a leniency, and of evil result for the + morality of the folk.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">When I arrived at + the hall of polished stones near the Temple, in which the Sanhedrim + holds its sittings, the trial had nearly come to a conclusion. The + inquiry had been made if any two credible wit<span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page68">[pg 68]</span><a name="Pg068" id="Pg068" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>nesses had given the woman the preliminary + caution, and none answering to the call, it remained only for the + <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Ab + Beth Din</span></span>, the president of the court, to dismiss the + prisoner with the words of caution and advice which are customary on + such occasions: <span class="tei tei-q">“My daughter, perhaps thou + wert led into sin by too much wine, or by thoughtlessness, or perhaps + by thy youth; perchance it was mixing in crowds, or wicked companions + that led thee to sin: go, and for the sake of the great Name, do not + bring it to pass that thou must be destroyed by the water of + jealousy.”</span> And with these words the court was dismissed, and + several of us were appointed to take the woman to her home, and + induce the man, her husband, to take her to him once again. Now, as + we were passing through the courts of the Temple, we saw Jesus the + Nazarene in one of the smaller courts, seated, teaching the people, + some of whom sat at his feet. But it seemed to some of us a favorable + opportunity to test what he would say as regards the Law of Moses + relating to adultery: for if he would declare that the Law must be + carried out in all its <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page69">[pg + 69]</span><a name="Pg069" id="Pg069" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>rigor, that would show that our Sages were more + merciful than he; if, on the other hand, he adopted the opinion of + our Sages, that would in so far commit him to support their attitude + towards the Law in general. In any case, it seemed a suitable + occasion to test his power of dealing with the Law, and it is + customary among us to put such test cases before the younger + Sages.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">We therefore + turned aside and entered into the smaller court, and all rose to do + honor to the Sanhedrim. Then one of us said to him, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Rabbi, this woman was taken in adultery, in the very + act. Now, Moses in the Law hath commanded that such should be stoned: + what sayest thou?”</span> Now, when the man told him that the woman + had been taken in the very act of adultery, a deep blush passed over + his face, and he turned his eyes downwards. Then he bent down to the + ground, hiding his face altogether from us, and writing, as it were, + something on the sand of the floor. Now, at first, I thought of the + cry of the money-changers that I had heard, and felt ashamed in my + soul that such a question should be brought before this man, of all + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page70">[pg 70]</span><a name="Pg070" + id="Pg070" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>men: for our Sages have said, + <span class="tei tei-q">“The greatest of sins is this—to bring a + blush upon thy neighbor’s face in public.”</span> But the others + thought not of this, but once more they asked him, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Rabbi, what sayest thou shall be done in this + case?”</span> Then, without raising his head, Jesus said in a low + tone, <span class="tei tei-q">“Let him among you that is without sin + cast the first stone.”</span> Then we saw that his shame had been for + us, and for our want of feeling in putting such a question in the + very presence of her who had sinned. And in this matter we hold that + sin can be in thought as well as in act, and which of us could say + that we were without sin even in thought? So, in very shame, we + turned and went, and left Jesus alone with the woman.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Yet, after we had + come away from him, Matathias ben Meshullam said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“That is well,—we are rightly rebuked; but yet, dost thou + not see that this man hath not answered our question, nor do we know, + as we wished, what attitude he takes towards the carrying out of the + Law? I hear that each morning he preaches to the people in the + Temple. Let us now tomorrow <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page71">[pg + 71]</span><a name="Pg071" id="Pg071" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>put + such questions to him that he cannot evade, and find out to which of + our parties he belongs; for this is a man that is getting great + weight with the people, and it imports us to know where he stands + with regard to us.”</span> So it was determined among us that the + next morning a Sadducee and a Pharisee should put to him queries + which should determine what views he held on the great questions + which distinguished the two great parties of the State.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But that very + afternoon I was to learn that this Jesus had to deal with questions + with which none of our parties concerned themselves. For, as I was + coming near to Gethsemane, I met Jesus with a band of men and women + going out towards Bethany, and I passed them with the salutation of + <span class="tei tei-q">“Peace.”</span> But as I passed, a young man + whom I knew, that had recently come into great possessions upon the + death of his father, came up and asked, <span class="tei tei-q">“Who + is that man whom thou hast just greeted?”</span> and I said, + <span class="tei tei-q">“Jesus the Nazarene.”</span> Then, suddenly, + he set off running to catch them up, and being curious, I turned and + fol<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page72">[pg 72]</span><a name="Pg072" + id="Pg072" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>lowed him. When I reached them + I found the young man kneeling before Jesus, gazing up to him, and he + said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Good Master, I have inherited great + possessions; what shall I do that I may inherit the life + everlasting?”</span> Jesus said to him, <span class="tei tei-q">“Call + not me <span class="tei tei-q">‘Good;’</span> none is good but the + One. If thou wouldest enter into life, do the commandments.”</span> + The young man asked, <span class="tei tei-q">“Which?”</span> Jesus + said, using the doctrine of <span class="tei tei-q">“The Two + Ways,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Do not kill, do not commit + adultery, do not steal, do not bear false witness, do not defraud, + honor thy father and thy mother, and love thy neighbor as + thyself.”</span> Then the young man said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“All these things have I kept from my youth up: what lack + I yet?”</span> Then Jesus said, <span class="tei tei-q">“One thing + thou lackest: go thy way, sell all thou hast, and give unto the poor, + and thou shalt have heavenly treasures: come then and follow + me.”</span> The young man began to scratch his head, and seemed in + doubt. Then Jesus said unto him, <span class="tei tei-q">“How is it + thou canst say, <span class="tei tei-q">‘I have done the Law and the + Prophets,’</span> since it is written in the Law, <span class= + "tei tei-q">‘Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself’</span>? Behold, + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page73">[pg 73]</span><a name="Pg073" + id="Pg073" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>many of thy brothers, sons of + Abraham, are clothed but in dung, and die for hunger, while thy house + is full of many goods, and there goeth not forth aught from it unto + them.”</span> But the young man rose, and went away in sorrow and + confusion. Then Jesus looked round upon those who were there, and + said, <span class="tei tei-q">“How hard it is for them that trust in + riches to enter into the kingdom of God! It is easier for an elephant + to go through a needle’s eye, as the saying is, than for a rich man + to enter into the kingdom of God.”</span> Then a murmur arose among + all those present, and they began to move on, and I left them. And I + said to myself, <span class="tei tei-q">“This man is neither + Pharisee, nor Sadducee, nor Herodian; these be the thoughts of the + Ebionim.”</span></p><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page74">[pg + 74]</span><a name="Pg074" id="Pg074" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + </div> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg075" id="Pg075" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> <a name="toc13" id="toc13"></a> <a name="pdf14" + id="pdf14"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em; text-align: center"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">VI.</span><br /> + <span style="font-size: 173%">THE TESTINGS IN THE TEMPLE.</span></h1> + + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg076" id="Pg076" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page77">[pg + 77]</span><a name="Pg077" id="Pg077" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now, on the + morrow, many of us who had agreed together to test the opinions of + this Jesus went to the Temple and found Jesus walking in the + corridors. Then he that was of most authority among us said unto + Jesus, <span class="tei tei-q">“Rabbi, we would ask certain questions + of thee;”</span> and Jesus answered, <span class="tei tei-q">“Ask, + and it shall be answered unto thee.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Thou must know + that among us Jews there be two chief schools of thought, or rather + thou mightest say, parties of the State. The one holds with the High + Priest and the rulers, and is mainly made up of those whom ye + Hellenes call the Best, and their retainers. These be known as the + Sadducees, for their leaders are mainly of the family of the High + Priest Sadduk. Now, the other party is in some sort the party of the + Demos, in that they seek to lessen the power of the High Priests and + their families. But with us, as thou knowest, all things turn upon + reli<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page78">[pg 78]</span><a name= + "Pg078" id="Pg078" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>gion, and this second + party differ chiefly from the Sadducees, for that they are more in + earnest with the matters of the Law, and chiefly they fear the + influence of thy nation, Aglaophonos, in drawing the Israelite away + from the Law. Therefore have they increased precept upon precept, so + as to make, as they say, a fence round the Law. And as they would + separate themselves from the heathen by this fence, they call + themselves Pharisees, that is, Separatists.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now, it was nowise + easy to learn whether a man was of the one party or the other. For he + might be eager for the Law, and so be Pharisaic in color, and yet + approve of the dominion of the priests, and thus be a Sadducee. Yet + in one chief matter of thought they went asunder contrariwise, and + that was concerning the resurrection of the dead. Now, with regard to + that, the Sadducees held that naught was said in the Law of Moses, + and therefore no son of Israel need concern himself with it. But the + Pharisees, on the other hand, laid great weight upon this. So here + was a touchstone by which to learn whether this Jesus <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page79">[pg 79]</span><a name="Pg079" id="Pg079" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a>followed the one or the other of the two + great divisions of our nation.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Then, as was + agreed upon, Kamithos the Sadducee came forward to ask him the + question which should determine whether he held with them that there + was no resurrection from the dead, or with the rest of the nation. He + said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Rabbi, it is written in the Torah, if + brethren dwell together, and one of them die and have no son, the + wife of the dead one shall not marry without, unto a stranger; her + husband’s brother shall take her to him to wife, and raise up seed + unto his brother. Suppose, now, there are seven brethren, and the + first takes a wife, and dying leaves no son; and the second takes + her, as is our custom, and dies without leaving any seed; and the + third likewise, and so on, till the whole seven had married her, and + yet had no son; then the woman dies also: when they shall rise from + the dead together, whose wife shall she be of them? for all seven had + her to wife.”</span> And Jesus answered and said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Ye are at fault, and know not the Scriptures, nor the + power of God; for in the resurrection they neither <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page80">[pg 80]</span><a name="Pg080" id="Pg080" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a>marry, nor are given in marriage, but are + even as the angels which are in heaven. And as an indication from + Scripture that the dead rise, is it not written in the book of Moses, + when God spake to him from the bush, saying, <span class= + "tei tei-q">‘I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the + God of Jacob’</span>? He is not the God of the dead, but the God of + the living: therefore are ye in error.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">And we were + surprised at the subtlety of the man; and chiefly men marvelled at + the wisdom of this man in finding what we call a support, that is, a + text of Scripture on which to hang the doctrine of the life after + death, which many believe to have grown up among us since the sacred + Scriptures were written: for in them little, if anything, was said of + the world to come. Now, Jesus in his answer had happened upon a text + which said that Abraham and Isaac and Jacob were living when they + were dead to this world, and the people marvelled greatly + thereat.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now, it had been + agreed upon, that after the Sadducees had asked their question and + been answered, I should stand <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page81">[pg 81]</span><a name="Pg081" id="Pg081" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>forth and test this man Jesus on behalf of the + Pharisees. Now, one of our Sages hath said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Be as careful of a little precept as of a great + one;”</span> whereas our great master Hillel had, as I have told + thee, summed up the whole Law in one precept, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Love thy neighbor as thyself.”</span> Therefore, we of + the Pharisees wished to know whether this Jesus agreed with the one + sage or the other; so I spake unto him and said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Rabbi, which is the first commandment, by doing which I + shall inherit the life everlasting?”</span> But at first he answered + me not directly, but said, <span class="tei tei-q">“How readest + thou?”</span> Then I remembered me the words of the <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Catechism of the Two Ways,”</span> and answered, + <span class="tei tei-q">“Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all + thy heart, and with all thy strength, and with all thy mind, and thy + neighbor as thyself: whatsoever thou wouldest not for thyself, do not + to another.”</span> And he said unto me, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Thou hast answered right; and the first of the + commandments is the <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Shema</span></span>: <span class= + "tei tei-q">‘Hear, O Israel; the Lord thy God is one God.’</span> And + the second is like, namely this: <span class="tei tei-q">‘Thou shalt + love thy neighbor as <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page82">[pg + 82]</span><a name="Pg082" id="Pg082" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>thyself.’</span> There is none other commandment + greater than these. This do, and thou shalt live.”</span> Then I was + rejoiced, and said unto him, <span class="tei tei-q">“Well, Rabbi, + thou hast said the truth: there is one God, and there is none other + but him; and to love him with all the heart, and with all the + understanding, and with all the soul, and all the strength, and to + love one’s neighbor as one’s self, is more than all the burnt + offerings and sacrifices.”</span> Then Jesus became gracious unto me, + and said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Thou art not far from the kingdom + of God.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But then I would + learn further from this man who spake so well, and ask him the + question which is current in our schools on this subject, and I said + to him, <span class="tei tei-q">“But, Rabbi, who is my + neighbor?”</span> and he answered with a <span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">mashal</span></span>, or parable, and said, + <span class="tei tei-q">“To what is the matter like? A certain man + was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho; and he fell among robbers, + which both stripped him and beat him, and departed, leaving him half + dead. And by chance a certain priest was going down that way: and + when he saw him, he passed by on the other side. And in like + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page83">[pg 83]</span><a name="Pg083" + id="Pg083" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>manner a Levite also, when he + came to the place, and saw him, passed by on the other side. But a + certain Israelite,<a id="noteref_8" name="noteref_8" href= + "#note_8"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">8</span></span></a> as he + journeyed, came where he was: and when he saw him, he was moved with + compassion, and came to him, and bound up his wounds, pouring on them + oil and wine; and he set him on his own beast, and brought him to an + inn, and took care of him. And on the morrow he took out two pence, + and gave them to the host, and said, <span class="tei tei-q">‘Take + care of him; and whatsoever thou spendest more, I, when I come back + again, will repay thee.’</span> Which of these three, thinkest thou, + proved neighbor unto him that fell among the robbers?”</span> Then I + said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Not the priest, nor the Levite, though + they held office in Israel, but the simple Israelite who showed mercy + upon him.”</span> Then Jesus said unto me, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Go and do thou likewise;”</span> and at this moment we + were all summoned to the mid-day sacrifice in the Temple.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">When Jesus had + departed, after the sacrifice, we all met together and discussed his + answers, which had stamped him in <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page84">[pg 84]</span><a name="Pg084" id="Pg084" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>our minds as a master in the art of question and + answer, which is with us as favorable a trial of skill as oratory or + poetry with you Hellenes. Now, as regards the question of the + Sadducees, men thought he had spoken more openly; for though he had + evaded a direct answer to the question of the seven brothers and + their wife, he had yet implied that they all would have a part in the + life to come. Some regretted that the question had not been put + differently, and the problem set—if a son had been born through the + seventh brother: for this might have thrown light upon the question + of the schools, whether the brother’s widow was to be still regarded + as his wife if seed had been raised to him after his death. But as to + the support which Jesus had taken from Scripture for the life + everlasting, though here again he had answered question by question, + it was decided that he was against the Sadducees on this point.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But on the + questions which I had put to him, all had agreed that he had answered + as a Pharisee, even as Hillel might have answered, for he had + yea-said the <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page85">[pg + 85]</span><a name="Pg085" id="Pg085" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>doctrine which I had cited from the beginning of + <span class="tei tei-q">“The Two Ways”</span> in which the doctrine + of Hillel is summed up; and even as to my further question, as to who + is the <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">chaber</span></span>, or neighbor, though + opinions were divided, most thought that he had spoken as a Pharisee + might have spoken: for thou knowest, Aglaophonos, that our nation is + divided into three great classes—the <span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Cohanim</span></span>, or Priests; the Levites; + and the common Israelites. Now, of these, the two former are the + officials of the Temple, and most if not all of the Sadducees are + from this class. And, in declaring himself on the side of the third + class of simple Israelites, Jesus had, we all thought, declared + himself on the side of the Pharisees.</p><span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page86">[pg 86]</span><a name="Pg086" id="Pg086" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + </div> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-top: 5.00em; margin-bottom: 5.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg087" id="Pg087" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> <a name="toc15" id="toc15"></a> <a name="pdf16" + id="pdf16"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: center; margin-top: 3.46em; margin-bottom: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">VII.</span><br /> + <span style="font-size: 173%">THE SECOND SERMON.</span></h1> + + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg088" id="Pg088" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page89">[pg + 89]</span><a name="Pg089" id="Pg089" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">I cannot clearly + remember at what season of the year it was that I next saw Jesus; + indeed, I am surprised to think that, after the lapse of nearly + five-and-twenty years, I can still remember almost all that passed on + the various occasions when I was in his presence. Yet I think it was + about the time of the feast which we hold in memory of the + rededication of the Temple under the Maccabæans that I again saw and + heard the Galilæan stranger; for I mind me that I had just been + taking the eight-branch candlestick which we use in the ceremonials + of this feast to Petachayah the silversmith to be mended, when on my + return I saw a throng collected round the synagogue of the Galilæans, + and entering in, found that Jesus was to preach that day. The same + ceremonial was gone through as I have already described to thee: the + Law was taken from the ark with rejoicing; priest and Levite + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page90">[pg 90]</span><a name="Pg090" + id="Pg090" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>and four ordinary Israelites + were summoned to hear it read, and again the crier called, + <span class="tei tei-q">“Let Rabbi Joshua, the son of Rabbi Joseph, + arise.”</span> Now, it chanced that this time, I, as a member of the + Sanhedrim, was summoned to the reading of the Law immediately after + Jesus, and for a time, as is customary, we stood together upon the + <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">bema</span></span>. I observed that, as the + reading of the Law proceeded, the eyes of the Nazarene became fixed + upon the ark, and a veil of mysterious tenderness seemed to come over + them, as if he were in communion with the <span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Shechinah</span></span>, or Glory, itself. It + seemed to me that afterwards, when he read the <span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Haphtara</span></span> from the prophets, and + when he preached, something remained in him of this mystical + communion.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Perhaps it was for + this that we seemed to miss that sense of individual address which we + had before observed in his eyes. No longer did these speak to us + other and deeper thoughts than the words of the preacher; they seemed + to dream of divine things, and so caused us also to be rapt in mystic + musings. I cannot on this ac<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page91">[pg + 91]</span><a name="Pg091" id="Pg091" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>count + recall for you all or even many of the words which he uttered on this + occasion. He began with some plain teaching about practice. Soon he + went on to speak of himself in a marvellous way, as if he would imply + that communion with him and with the Most High were one and the same, + and then in his last words he seemed to speak of the Last Things. And + here again his words seemed as if he identified himself with the + great Judge.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now, this is not + so strange to our mode of thinking in Israel as thou mightest think. + Almost all our prophets speak the oracles of God as if they were + using the very words of the Lord. Thou canst read in the Greek + translation of the Seventy many passages of the prophets in which the + very words of the Lord are given. Yet in most, if not all, cases the + prophet beginneth, <span class="tei tei-q">“Thus saith the + Lord,”</span> or endeth, <span class="tei tei-q">“This is the word of + the Lord.”</span> But with this Jesus it was otherwise. He spoke as + the ancient prophets do, but whether from his rapt intentness in the + message he was delivering, or because he felt his spirit for the time + merged in the <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page92">[pg + 92]</span><a name="Pg092" id="Pg092" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>divine, he spoke as if the message was his. And + as he spoke, I saw looks of amazement pass between many in the + synagogue, and one old graybeard rose as if to protest, and then, + shaking his withered hands above his head, went out of the + synagogue.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">I will here set + down for thee as many of the words that fell from Jesus’ lips on this + occasion as I can remember. They are but few, but many of them are + weighty, and I have told thee above the general lines of thought + which seemed to run through his discourse; and these are the words as + far as I remember them.<a id="noteref_9" name="noteref_9" href= + "#note_9"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">9</span></span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style= + "margin-top: 2.00em; margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Cultivate faith and hope, through which is born that + love of God and man which gives the eternal life. Those are the sons + of God who walk in the spirit of God. What you preach before the + folk, do in deed before every one. Accept not anything from any man, + and possess not anything in this world. For the Father wisheth to be + given to each man from his own gifts. Cleave unto the saints: for + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page93">[pg 93]</span><a name="Pg093" + id="Pg093" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>they that cleave unto them + shall be sanctified. Yet shall there be schisms and heresies: for + there is a shame which leadeth to death, as there is a shame which + leadeth to life. Is it not enough for the disciples to be as the + Master? If in a little you are not faithful, who shall give unto you + what is much? Seek the great, and the little will be added to you; + seek the heavenly, and the things of earth will be + superadded.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“He that wonders shall reign, he who reigns shall find + rest. My secret is for me, and for those that are mine are the things + which eye saw not, and ear heard not, which entered not into the + heart of man, whatsoever things God prepared for them that love him. + Those who wish to see me, and wish to cling to the kingdom, must take + me through affliction and suffering. For he that is near me is near + the fire, he that is far from me is far from the kingdom. Where one + is, there too am I; where twain are, there too will I be. As any of + you sees himself in the water or in the mirror, so let him see me in + himself.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 2.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“They that love me shall receive the <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page94">[pg 94]</span><a name="Pg094" id="Pg094" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a>crown. I will choose me the good, those + good whom my Father in the heavens hath given me. Let the lawless + continue in lawlessness, the just be justified. Behold, I make the + last as the first, and all things new. In whatsoever state I find + you, in that also will I judge you.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Never heard I any + who spoke of himself as this man did. For days and days afterwards + some of his words came to me again and again. Whenever I was alone I + seemed to hear his voice saying, <span class="tei tei-q">“Where one + is, there too am I; where twain are, there too will I be.”</span> + Whenever I gazed on the running stream or looked on the polished + steel of the mirror, again I seemed to hear him say, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“As any of you sees himself in the water or in the + mirror, so let him see me in himself.”</span> And, in truth, at times + my features seemed to fade away, and the face of Jesus gaze upon + me.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Others thought not + as I. When we assembled after the sermon, to talk over it, as is our + custom, I found that most had been chiefly touched by certain sayings + at the end of the sermon, in which Jesus <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page95">[pg 95]</span><a name="Pg095" id="Pg095" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>seemed to speak of the future life and the last + judgment. Thou knowest, Aglaophonos, that with regard to these + matters I incline more to the teaching of the Sadducean sect, who + hold that Holy Scripture speaketh not of these things, and that, + therefore, we need not and should not think thereon. But there were + few who held that doctrine in the synagogue that day, and these + thought most of the words in which Jesus seemed to claim the + prerogatives of the Divine Judge. <span class="tei tei-q">“I was + amazed,”</span> quoth Serachyah ben Pinchas, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“when he spoke of judging us himself in the last days: it + wanted but a little that I had rent my garments at the blasphemy. But + surely, thought I to myself, the man will shortly tell us, + <span class="tei tei-q">‘These are the words of the Lord,’</span> and + so I refrained.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now I will tell + thee of a most strange event that happened with me and this Jesus. A + day or two after this, I was sitting in my room and studying the + words of Torah, and had fallen into deep thought on the things of + this life and the next, and gradually I fell thinking of certain + words that I had heard from Jesus <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page96">[pg 96]</span><a name="Pg096" id="Pg096" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>the Nazarene, as I have before told you. Hast + thou ever felt, Aglaophonos, as if some one was gazing upon thee, and + thou couldst not refrain from looking round to see who it was? So I + felt at this moment, and I looked up from the sacred scroll, and lo! + Jesus the Nazarene stood before me, gazing upon me with those + piercing eyes I can never forget. His face was pale and indistinct, + but the eyes shone forth as if with tenderness and pity. Then he + seemed to lean forward, and spoke to me in a low yet piercing voice + these words: <span class="tei tei-q">“Awake thou that sleepest, and + arise from the dead, and the Christ shall shine upon thee.”</span> I + had shrunk back from his gaze, and was, indeed, in all amaze and + wonder that he should be in the room; but when I looked again, + behold, he was gone, there was no man there.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But this is not + all the wonder of that event, for, being startled, and, indeed, + somewhat fearful at his sudden appearance and disappearance, I arose + and went out into the highway, and went out to walk on the Gethsemane + road. Now, as I came clear of the city, I saw a group of <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page97">[pg 97]</span><a name="Pg097" id="Pg097" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a>men coming down the opposite hill, and + when they came near, behold, it was Jesus and some of his friends. I + was astonished and surprised beyond all measure, for how could Jesus + have just been with me, and be now coming from Gethsemane? And when + they were passing me, Jesus glanced at me very slightly, as at a + stranger—he that had spoken to my soul but a few minutes since.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now, after they + had passed me, there came one running after them whom I knew—one + Meshullam ben Hanoch—and I stopped him and asked him whither he was + going, and he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Stay me not. I have run + all the way from Bethany to catch up that man thou seest there, Jesus + the Nazarene;”</span> and with that he took up his running and left + me.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">I knew not what to + think. I had seen and heard Jesus in my own house in Jerusalem, and + lo! at that very same time, as I now learned, he had been at Bethany. + What thinkest thou, Aglaophonos,—can a man be in two places at one + and the same time? or can it be that the mind of man, and the power + of his eye, can go <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page98">[pg + 98]</span><a name="Pg098" id="Pg098" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>forth + from his body and create a vision of another man that hath all the + semblance of reality? I know not what to think; but I have heard + that, even after his death, those who were nearest and dearest to + Jesus saw him and heard him even as I did. Nor do I wonder at this, + after what has occurred to myself.</p> + </div> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-top: 5.00em; margin-bottom: 5.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg099" id="Pg099" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> <a name="toc17" id="toc17"></a> <a name="pdf18" + id="pdf18"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "margin-bottom: 3.46em; text-align: center; margin-top: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">VIII.</span><br /> + <span style="font-size: 173%">THE REBUKING OF JESUS.</span></h1> + + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg100" id="Pg100" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page101">[pg + 101]</span><a name="Pg101" id="Pg101" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now, it chanced + that about this time I was invited to a feast at the house of Elisha + ben Simeon, one of the leaders of the Pharisees in Jerusalem. His son + had become thirteen years old that week, and, as is our custom, was + received into the holy congregation as a Son of the Covenant on the + Sabbath. He had been summoned up to the reading of the Law, and had + himself read aloud a portion of it; for from this day onward he was + to be treated in all matters of religion as if he were a man. Being a + friend of his father, I had attended his synagogue, and heard the + lad’s pure voice for the first time in his life declare publicly his + faith in the Most High.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">After the service + in the synagogue, his friends accompanied the father and the lad to + their house, and with them went I, who had known the father from our + schoolboy days, and the little lad from the time of his + birth.</p><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page102">[pg + 102]</span><a name="Pg102" id="Pg102" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now, it chanced + that, as we came near the door of Elisha’s house, we met Jesus the + Nazarene, and two or three with him. So Elisha greeted them, and + invited them courteously to join the feast, as is the custom among + us. And Jesus and the others assented, and followed into the house + with us. <span class="tei tei-q">“To table, to table!”</span> cried + Elisha, pointing to the couches standing round the well-filled + board.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">When we were all + seated, the host and his son came round with an ewer and basin to + perform the washing of the hands prescribed by the Law. But when they + came to the Galilæan strangers, these refused, saying, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“We wash not before meals.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Then we must serve ye last,”</span> said Elisha, with a + smile. But the others took not the matter so pleasantly; for since we + have one common dish, which is handed round to the guests for them to + take their food with their fingers, it is considered gross + ill-breeding for a man not to perform the ceremony of washing before + meals.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Then Elisha took a + seat at the centre of the table, and said the grace before meals. + Then he broke bread, and, dip<span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page103">[pg 103]</span><a name="Pg103" id="Pg103" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>ping a morsel into salt for each of the guests, + he called his son to him to carry it round. When he saw that each of + the guests had a piece of bread dipped in salt, Elisha recited the + blessing on the bread, <span class="tei tei-q">“Blessed art Thou, O + Lord our God, who bringest forth bread from the earth,”</span> and + all said <span class="tei tei-q">“Amen.”</span> And one of the guests + said to Elisha, <span class="tei tei-q">“I am glad we are not in + Babylon.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“How so, Phineas?”</span> said Elisha to the man, who was + well known at all feasts at that time in Jerusalem.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">And Phineas said, + <span class="tei tei-q">“For there they only eat bread with their + bread.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Nay, that would not suit thee, Phineas. Thou art no + Nazarite;”</span> and most of the guests who knew him laughed.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Then Elisha + clapped his hands, and the slaves took round the first course of + salted fish; then afterwards the cold baked meats—for, being the + Sabbath, the food had been prepared the day before.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Then one of the + guests said to one of the Galilæans, <span class="tei tei-q">“Is it + true that you allow fowl to be boiled in milk in your + country?”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Yes, truly; why not?”</span> said the + Galilæan.</p><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page104">[pg + 104]</span><a name="Pg104" id="Pg104" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Is it not written thrice in the Law,”</span> said the + guest, <span class="tei tei-q">“ <span class="tei tei-q">‘Thou shalt + not seethe the kid in its mother’s milk’</span>?”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“In our country,”</span> said the Galilæan, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“fowls give no milk.”</span> And we all of us laughed, + save only Jesus.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Nay, but the Sages have carried their prohibition even + unto fowls, lest the people be led to confuse flesh and + flesh.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">By this time we + had arrived at the third and last course of salted olives, lettuces, + and radishes. And again the bowl and ewer were passed round, and this + time the Galilæans did not refuse the water. Then the new son of the + covenant recited in his clear voice the grace after meals. And all + rose, while the slaves removed the remnants. Then said Elisha, + <span class="tei tei-q">“It is not well that when so many are + together we should depart without discussing some words of the Law. + My little Lazarus here would fain learn some new thing from the many + learned men present on this day of his being received into + Israel.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Well, then,”</span> said one of the company, + <span class="tei tei-q">“I should like to put a question to our + friends here from Galilee.”</span> And they said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Speak, Rabbi.”</span></p><span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page105">[pg 105]</span><a name="Pg105" id="Pg105" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">And he addressed + himself to Jesus, and said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Why walk not thy + disciples according to the tradition of the elders, but eat bread + with unwashen hands?”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Then Jesus spoke + out, and as he spoke he strode up and down the room, with his hand + clutching the air, and the vein throbbing on his left temple. + <span class="tei tei-q">“Well hath Esaias prophesied of you + hypocrites, as it is written, <span class="tei tei-q">‘This people + honoreth me with their lips, but their heart is far from me. Howbeit + in vain do they worship me, teaching for doctrines the commandments + of men.’</span> ”</span> Then facing us all, he added, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“For ye lay aside the commandment of God, and hold the + tradition of men.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“How so, master?”</span> said Elisha; <span class= + "tei tei-q">“prove thy words.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“It is said in the Word of God, <span class= + "tei tei-q">‘Honor thy father and thy mother,’</span> and yet the + Sages say, <span class="tei tei-q">‘If a man be asked by his father + or mother to honor them with a gift, and he say, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“I vow that thing to the Almighty,”</span> then it is + <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Corban</span></span>,’</span> and put aside for + the Lord, so that his parents cannot enjoy thereof. Thus by your + tradition about vows ye make the Word of God <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page106">[pg 106]</span><a name="Pg106" id="Pg106" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>concerning honor to parents of none effect, and + many like things ye do.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Then Elisha said, + <span class="tei tei-q">“But the Sages are by no means at one in that + matter of the vows, and in particular many of them declare all the + vows annulled that would work against our duty to our parents, or + even against our love to our neighbor. Yet, even if we take the more + stricter tradition, in what manner that absolves us from washing our + hands before meals, I see not.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Nay, it is the same thing,”</span> replied Jesus. + <span class="tei tei-q">“Ye Pharisees make clean the outside of the + cup and platter, but your inward thoughts are full of ravening and + wickedness. Ye fools! did not the Holy One, blessed be He, who made + that which is without, make also that which is within? Therefore give + for alms that which is within, kindly thoughts and friendly feelings. + If ye do that, all things are clean unto you.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Then I said unto + Jesus, for this matter touched us scribes nearly, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Master, in speaking thus against tradition thou + reproachest us also that be scribes.”</span></p><span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page107">[pg 107]</span><a name="Pg107" id="Pg107" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">And he answered, + <span class="tei tei-q">“Woe, woe unto ye, scribes! which desire to + walk in long robes, and love greetings in the markets, and the higher + seats in the synagogues, and the chief places at feasts, which devour + widows’ houses, and for a show make long prayers.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Then an angry + murmur rose among all the folk there assembled at the harsh words of + the stranger, when suddenly was heard the voice of Simeon ben + Lazarus, the father of Elisha, a very old man, who sat in the corner + and said:—</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Young man, fourscore years and two have I lived upon + this earth; a Pharisee have I been from the day I became a son of the + covenant, like little Lazarus there; a scribe was I during all the + working days of my life. I did what the Law and the Sages command, + yet never thought I in so doing of men’s thoughts or praises. Surely, + if the Lord command, a good Jew will obey. And as in many things, + many acts of this life, the Law speaketh not in plain terms, surely + we should follow the opinion of those who devote all their life to + the study of the Law.</span></p><span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page108">[pg 108]</span><a name="Pg108" id="Pg108" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“I have never sought the praises of men, their greetings + or their honors, in obeying the Law. In all that I have done I have + sought one thing—to fulfil the will of our Father which is in + heaven.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“As for what thou sayest, that inward thought and outward + act should go together in the service of God and man, that is a + verity, and often have I heard the saying from the great Hillel—may + his memory be for a blessing! But if outward act may be clean when + inward thought may be unclean, how, on the other hand, can we know + the purity of what is within, except it be decided by the cleanliness + of what is without? How, above all, shall we teach our little ones, + like my Lazarus there, to feel what is good and seemly, except by + first teaching them to do the acts that are seemly and + good?</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“And as for what thou sayest as to the hypocrisy of us + Pharisees and scribes, I say unto thee,—and in a few days I must see + the face of my Maker,—I say unto thee, I have known many an Ebionite, + which thou seemest to be, who was well spoken within, but ill doing + without. So, <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page109">[pg + 109]</span><a name="Pg109" id="Pg109" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>too, + I have known many a scribe and many a Pharisee who neither carried + their good deeds on their shoulders, nor said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">‘Wait, I have to finish some godly deed;’</span> nor set + off their good deeds against their sins; nor boasted of their + sacrifices for godly works; nor did they seek out their sins that + they might pay for them by their virtues; nor were they Pharisees + from fear of the Divine punishment. They were Pharisees from love of + the Lord, and did throughout their life what they knew to be his + commands.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But Jesus spoke + gently unto the old man, and said naught but, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Nay, master, I spoke not of thee, nor of men like thee. + These be the true Pharisees; the rest but have the Pharisaic + color.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“That is so,”</span> said old Simeon. <span class= + "tei tei-q">“I have heard what King Jannaus said: <span class= + "tei tei-q">‘Fear not the Pharisees, nor those who are no Pharisees; + but fear the colored ones, who are only Pharisees in appearance, who + do the deeds of Zimri and demand the rewards of + Phineas.’</span> ”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But before the old + man could finish there was a movement at the doorway, <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page110">[pg 110]</span><a name="Pg110" id="Pg110" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a>and a high, thin voice cried out, + <span class="tei tei-q">“Where is this kidnapper of souls? where is + this filcher of young lives? where is Jesus the Nazarene?”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Behold me,”</span> said Jesus, turning towards the + voice; and an old man, with the rent garment of the mourner, and with + hair all distraught, came up to the Nazarene with arms outstretched + and clutching fingers.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Give me my son, my Elchanan!”</span> he cried. + <span class="tei tei-q">“Thou hast taken him from me last Passover, + saying, <span class="tei tei-q">‘Father and mother, yea, all that a + man hath, shall he give up to follow me.’</span> He left me to follow + thee; what hast thou done with him?—my Elchanan! my + Elchanan!”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“He died, and is at peace.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Then give him back to me again. Thou canst do all + things, men say: make whole the sick, let see the blind, cause the + lame to walk, and give peace to the troubled mind. Give me, then, + back my Elchanan thou hast taken from me.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“There is One alone that can quicken the dead,”</span> + said Jesus, and walked sternly past him.</p> + </div> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg111" id="Pg111" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> <a name="toc19" id="toc19"></a> <a name="pdf20" + id="pdf20"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em; text-align: center"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">IX.</span><br /> + <span style="font-size: 173%">JESUS IN THE TEMPLE.</span></h1> + + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg112" id="Pg112" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page113">[pg + 113]</span><a name="Pg113" id="Pg113" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But a few days + after what I have narrated to thee, I had attended a full meeting of + the Sanhedrim in the hall of hewn stones in the Priests’ Court of the + Temple. When the session was over, we went forth, and, turning to the + right, passed into the Court of the Israelites, and so through + Nicanor’s Gate into the Court of the Women. Now, as we went down the + fifteen steps that lead into this court, we could see, through the + Beautiful Gate at the other end of it, that something unusual was + occurring in the outer court of all, the Court of the Gentiles. So I + and some of the other younger members of the Sanhedrim passed rapidly + through the Court of the Women, and, hurrying through the Beautiful + Gate, found Jesus preaching to the people under Solomon’s Porch. Now, + it is usual for the people to make way when any member of the + Sanhedrim passes by; but the people were so engrossed with the words + of Jesus <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page114">[pg + 114]</span><a name="Pg114" id="Pg114" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>that + they took no note of me and my companions, and we had to stand at the + edge of the crowd and listen as best we might, and so great was the + crowd that I could scarcely hear what the Nazarene was saying, until + gradually those near us, recognizing the marks of our dignity, made + way for us till we got nearer.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Never saw I Jesus + in so exalted a state. Though he was not tall, as I have said, he + seemed to tower above the crowd. The mid-day sun of winter was + shining full upon the Temple, and though Jesus was in the shadow of + the porch, the sunlight from the Temple walls shone back upon his + eyes and hair, which gleamed with the glory of the sun. He looked and + spake as a king among men. And, indeed, he was claiming to be + something even greater than a king. I could not hear very distinctly + from where I was at first, but towards the last, as I got nearer, I + heard him say these words:—</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style= + "margin-bottom: 2.00em; margin-top: 2.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Whosoever committeth sin is the servant of sin. Except a + man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God. He <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page115">[pg 115]</span><a name="Pg115" id="Pg115" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a>that loveth his life shall lose it. If a + man keep my word he shall never see death, but has passed from death + unto life. He that believeth in me, the works that I do shall he do + also. Yet can the Son do nothing of himself, but what he seeth the + Father do. I am the door: by me, if any man enter in, he shall be + saved. I am the Way, the Truth, and the Life. I am the Light of the + world. I am the good Shepherd, and know my sheep, and am known of + mine. I am the Bread of Life: he that cometh to me shall never + hunger. I am the true Vine, and my Father is the Husbandman. I am the + Vine, ye are the branches. If any man thirst, let him come unto me + and drink. Before Abraham was I am.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now, as Jesus was + saying these words, and many like unto them, his form seemed to + expand, his eye flashed with the light of prophecy, and all men were + amazed at the power of his words. Never had they heard man speak of + himself with such confidence. If he had been very God, he could not + have said more of his own power over men’s <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page116">[pg 116]</span><a name="Pg116" id="Pg116" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>souls. Our prophets have spoken boldly indeed, + but none of them had boasted of the power of the Lord in such terms + as this man spake of himself. Could he be mad, I thought, to say such + things? Yet in all other matters he had shown a wisdom and a sound + sense equal to the greatest of our Sages. Or had he found that by + speaking thus of himself, men, and above all, women, were best moved + to believe as he would have them believe, to act as he would have + them act? Might it not be the simplest of truths that for them, to + them, he was indeed the Way, the Truth, and the Life?</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">And, indeed, when + I looked around and saw the effect of his words on those who were + listening, I could in part understand his power among men and women. + They drank in his words as travellers at the well of the oasis. They + lived upon his eyes, and it was indeed strange to see every man’s + body bent forward as of a straining hound at the chase. If ever men + worshipped a man, these were worshipping Jesus.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">And I? What was it + with me that his words failed to move me as they did those + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page117">[pg 117]</span><a name="Pg117" + id="Pg117" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>around me? Why did his eyes + rather repel than attract me? Was it thy teaching, Aglaophonos, that + had taught me the way of thy race: to measure all things in the + balance of wisdom; to be moved in all acts by reason, not feeling? + Was it from thee I learnt to think about the causes of this man’s + influence, even while I and others were under it? Perhaps not alone; + for much that this man was saying would have repelled my Jewish + instincts even had I never come under thy influence. What struck thee + among us Jews, I remember, was that while we see the Deity + everywhere, we localize him nowhere. Alone among the nations of men + we refuse to make an image of our God. We alone never regarded any + man as God Incarnate. Those among us who have been nearest to the + Divine have only claimed to be—they have only been recognized to + be—messengers of the Most High. Yet here was this man, as it seemed, + claiming to be the Very God, and all my Jewish feeling rose against + the claim.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Nor was I alone in + this feeling I was <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page118">[pg + 118]</span><a name="Pg118" id="Pg118" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>soon + to learn. Before Jesus had finished his harangue, cries arose from + different quarters of the crowd. <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Blasphemy!”</span> <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Blasphemer!”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“He + blasphemes!”</span> arose on all sides. These cries awakened men as + if from a sleep, all turning round to see whence they came. And the + very turning round, as it were, removed them from the influence of + Jesus and his eyes. In a moment, many of those who just before were + hanging upon Jesus’ words joined in the cry, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Blasphemer! blasphemer!”</span> One of the boldest of + those who began the cry called out, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Blasphemer! Stone him!”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But Jesus drew + himself up, and looked upon the crowd with flashing eyes, and said, + <span class="tei tei-q">“O Jerusalem, Jerusalem! Sodom is justified + of thee.”</span> For a moment all were silent, but soon the cries + arose again: <span class="tei tei-q">“Blasphemer! blasphemer! Stone + him!”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Then began great + commotion among the people. While some called out, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Stone him!”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Stone + him!”</span> others cried, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Sacrilege!”</span> <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Sacrilege!”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“No stoning + in the Temple!”</span> And one called out with a jeer, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“In the Temple ye cannot <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page119">[pg 119]</span><a name="Pg119" id="Pg119" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>stone, for lo! here there be no stones;”</span> + and a bitter, scornful laugh followed his words. Then some who were + nearest to Jesus sought to lay hands on him, while others, his + friends, stood round him and prevented their approaching, and all was + confusion and tumult. When suddenly the blare of a trumpet sounded + through the courts, and all cried, <span class="tei tei-q">“The + Romans! the Romans!”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Then round by the + royal porch came a company of Roman soldiers to change the sentries + at mid-day, and they halted near the Beautiful Gate. And as they came + near the crowd began to disperse, and Jesus and his friends went + their way from the courts of the Temple.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">That day, there + was no talk in Jerusalem but of the event in the Temple. Men + marvelled at the way in which this Jesus had spoken of himself. + <span class="tei tei-q">“The prophets spake not thus,”</span> they + said. <span class="tei tei-q">“Yet how can a man be greater than a + prophet, who speaketh the words of the Most High? Even if we had once + more a king over us in Israel, he could not be as great as a prophet, + and no king would speak of him<span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page120">[pg 120]</span><a name="Pg120" id="Pg120" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>self as Jesus this day hath spoken of + himself.”</span> But what if this man were destined to be the Christ, + the God-given Ruler that should restore the throne of David? But how + could that be, since none of the signs and portents of the last times + had come upon the earth? Who had seen the blood trickle from the + rocks? or the fiery sword appear in the midnight sky? Had babes a + year old spoken like men? But others said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Nay, the kingdom of God will not come with expectation. + As it hath been said, <span class="tei tei-q">‘Three things come + unexpectedly—a scorpion, a treasure-trove, and the + Messiah.’</span> ”</span> And again, others said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Perchance this is not the Messiah ben David, but the + Messiah ben Joseph, who shall be slain before the other + cometh.”</span> Thus the minds of men and their words went hither and + thither about the sayings of this man Jesus in the Temple.</p> + </div> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-top: 5.00em; margin-bottom: 5.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg121" id="Pg121" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> <a name="toc21" id="toc21"></a> <a name="pdf22" + id="pdf22"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "margin-top: 3.46em; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">X.</span><br /> + <span style="font-size: 173%">THE ENTRY INTO JERUSALEM.</span></h1> + + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg122" id="Pg122" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page123">[pg + 123]</span><a name="Pg123" id="Pg123" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">I heard naught and + saw naught of Jesus the Nazarene till the very last week of his life, + and that was the week before the Passover. The winter had been a + severe one, and much misery had arisen among the folk through the + exactions of the Romans; indeed, an attempt had been made to throw + off the Roman yoke. In several places the people had assembled in + arms and attacked the soldiery, and in some cases had slain their + sentries. Pilate had but sent off a cohort into the district, and all + signs of discontent went underground. One of the leaders of the + revolt, Jesus Bar Abbas, had been captured and thrown into prison. + He, indeed, had attempted an insurrection in Jerusalem itself, where + he was well known and popular among the common folk. When he was + arrested, a riot had occurred, and one of the soldiers was slain who + had been sent to arrest him; wherefore he lay now in prison on the + charges of <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page124">[pg + 124]</span><a name="Pg124" id="Pg124" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>rebellion and murder. Yet many thought that this + man had been put forth to try the temper of the people and the power + of the Romans, in preparation for a more serious attempt to shake off + the oppressor.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Yet who should + lead the people? Jochanan, the only man whom of recent times the + people followed gladly, had been done to death by Herod. One man + alone since his death had won the people’s heart, to wit, Jesus the + cousin of Jochanan. He, and he alone, could lead the people against + the Romans, and all men wondered if he would. In the midst of their + wonder came news that Jesus the Nazarene was coming up to the Holy + City for the Feast of Passover, the feast of redemption from Egypt. + Would it prove this year a feast of redemption from the Romans? All + hope of this depended upon this Jesus.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">It was twenty-one + years ago, but I can remember as if it were yesterday the excitement + in Jerusalem when the news came that Jesus of Nazareth had arrived in + the neighborhood, and was spending his Sabbath at the village of + Bethany. All those who were disaffected against the Romans + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page125">[pg 125]</span><a name="Pg125" + id="Pg125" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>cried out, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“A leader! a leader!”</span> All those who were halt, + sick, or blind, cried out, <span class="tei tei-q">“A healer! a + healer!”</span> Wherever we went, there was no talk but of the coming + deliverance. As I approached one group of men I heard them say, + <span class="tei tei-q">“When will it be? When will he give the sign? + Will it be before or after the feast?”</span> <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Nay,”</span> said one of the crowd, a burly blacksmith + he, <span class="tei tei-q">“what day for the deliverance but the + Passover day? But be it when it may, let him give the sign, and I + shall be ready.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“And prove a new Maccabee,”</span> said one in the crowd, + referring to his hammer, whereat a grim laugh arose.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The next day being + the first of the week, which the Romans call the Day of the Sun, I + was pondering the words of the Law in my little study chamber near + the roof of my father’s house in the Street of the Bakers near + Herod’s Palace, which at that time was inhabited by the Procurator, + when suddenly I heard the patter of many feet in the street beneath + me, and looking out, I saw them all hurrying, as it seemed, to the + Temple. I put on my sandals, and taking my staff in my hand and + drawing <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page126">[pg 126]</span><a name= + "Pg126" id="Pg126" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>my mantle over my head, + hurried out after the passers-by. But when they came to the Broad + Place before the Water Gate, they turned sharp to the right, and went + down the Tyropœon as far as the Fountain Gate, where I overtook them. + There I found all the most turbulent of the city population. Some of + the men I knew had been engaged in the recent riot under Jesus Bar + Abbas. Others were the leading Zealots in Jerusalem, and all were men + eager for the freeing of the city from the Romans. And among them, + too, were others who cared not for freedom, nor hated the Romans, but + would only be too pleased if the city were given up to disorder and + rapine. While these waited there, we heard cries from behind us, and + looking back, saw filing out from the Temple courts on to the Xystus + Bridge, and down into the Tyropœon, the brigade of beggars who pass + almost their whole life in the Court of the Gentiles. These came down + slowly, for among them were many halt and some blind, and all were + old and feeble of limb. <span class="tei tei-q">“Why come they forth + from the courts?”</span> I asked; <span class="tei tei-q">“and why + are we waiting?”</span> <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page127">[pg + 127]</span><a name="Pg127" id="Pg127" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>Then + said one near me, <span class="tei tei-q">“Knowest thou not that + Jesus the Nazarene enters the city to-day? And men say he is to + deliver us.”</span> And at that moment a cry arose among the folk, + <span class="tei tei-q">“Lo! there he is.”</span> Looking south, for + a time I could see nothing, for the mid-day sun of the spring + solstice was shining with that radiance which we Jews think is only + to be seen in our land. But after a while I could discern, turning + the corner of the Jericho Road near En Rogel, a mounted man, + surrounded by a number of men and women on foot. <span class= + "tei tei-q">“It is Jesus—it is Jesus!”</span> all cried; <span class= + "tei tei-q">“let us to meet him!”</span> And with that, all but the + lame rushed forward to meet him, and I with them.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">It is but three + hundred paces from the Fountain Gate to En Rogel, and the Nazarene + and his friends had advanced somewhat to meet us, but in that short + space the enthusiasm of the crowd had arisen to a very fever, and as + we neared him one cried out, and all joined in the cry, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Hosanna Barabba! Hosanna Barabba!”</span> and then they + shouted our usual cry of welcome, <span class="tei tei-q">“Blessed be + he that cometh in the <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page128">[pg + 128]</span><a name="Pg128" id="Pg128" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>name + of the Lord!”</span> and one bolder than his fellows called out, + <span class="tei tei-q">“Blessed be the coming of the + kingdom!”</span> At that there was the wildest joy among the people. + Some tore off branches of palms, and stood by the way and waved them + in front of Jesus; others took off each his <span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">talith</span></span> and threw it down in front + of the young ass on which Jesus rode, as if to pave the way into the + Holy City with choice linen. But when I looked upon the face of + Jesus, there were no signs there of the coming triumph; he sat with + his head bent forward, his eyes downcast, and his face all sad. And a + chill somehow came over me. I thought of that play of the Greeks + which thou gavest me to read, in which the king of men, driving to + his own palace at Argos, is enticed to enter it, stepping upon soft + carpets like an idol of your gods, and so incurs the divine + jealousy.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">As we approached + the Fountain Gate, the beggars from the Temple had come down to it, + and joined in the shouting and the welcome; and one of them, Tobias + ben Pinchas by name, who had, ever since men had known him, walked + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page129">[pg 129]</span><a name="Pg129" + id="Pg129" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>with a crutch, suddenly, in his + excitement, raised his crutch and waved it over his head, and danced + before Jesus, crying, <span class="tei tei-q">“Hosanna Barabba! + Hosanna Barabba!”</span> and all men cried out, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“A miracle, a miracle! what cannot this man + perform?”</span> And so, with a crowd surrounding him, Jesus entered + Jerusalem and went up into the Temple. But I that year had been + appointed one of the overseers who distributed the unleavened bread + to the poor of the city for the coming Passover, and I had then to + attend the meeting of my fellow-overseers.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">That night there + was no talk in Jerusalem but of the triumphant entry of Jesus. The + city was crowded by Israelites who had come up to the capital for the + festival, and a whisper went about that many of the strangers had + been summoned by Jesus to Jerusalem to help in the coming revolt. + During that night, wherever a Roman sentry stood, a crowd of the + unruly would collect round him and jeer at him; and in one place the + sentry had to use his spear, and wounded one of the crowd. So great + was the tumult that, <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page130">[pg + 130]</span><a name="Pg130" id="Pg130" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>when + the sentries were changed for the midnight watch, a whole company of + soldiers accompanied the officer’s guard and helped to clear the + streets. Meanwhile, where was Jesus? And what was he doing in the + midst of this tumult? I made inquiry, for perchance he might have + been holding disputations about the Law, as is the custom with our + Sages; but I learnt that he had left the city at the eleventh hour, + and gone back to the village of Bethany, where he was staying. But I + was thinking through all that evening of the strange contrast between + the triumphant joy of his followers and the saddened countenance of + the Nazarene.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Men knew not what + was to become of this movement in favor of him. Most of the lower + orders were hoping for a rising against the Romans to be led by this + Jesus. Shrewder ones among the Better thought that the man was about + to initiate a change in the spiritual government of our people. Some + thought he would depose the Sadducees, and place the Pharisees in + their stead. Others feared that he would carry into practice the + ideals <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page131">[pg 131]</span><a name= + "Pg131" id="Pg131" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>of the <span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Ebionim</span></span>, and raise the Poor + against the Rich. Others said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Why did he + not enter by the gate of the Essenes, for he holdeth with + them?”</span> All knew that the coming Passover would be a trying + time for Israel, owing to the presence of the man Jesus in Jerusalem, + and the manifest favor in which he was held by the common folk. But + amidst all this I could see only the pale, sad face of + Jesus.</p><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page132">[pg + 132]</span><a name="Pg132" id="Pg132" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + </div> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-top: 5.00em; margin-bottom: 5.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg133" id="Pg133" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> <a name="toc23" id="toc23"></a> <a name="pdf24" + id="pdf24"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em; text-align: center"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">XI.</span><br /> + <span style="font-size: 173%">THE CLEANSING OF THE</span> + <span class="tei tei-corr" style="text-align: center"><span style= + "font-size: 173%">TEMPLE.</span></span></h1> + + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg134" id="Pg134" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page135">[pg + 135]</span><a name="Pg135" id="Pg135" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">On the morrow, + being the second day of the week, which the Romans call the Day of + the Moon, Jesus of Nazara came early into Jerusalem, and as soon as + it was known that he had entered the city, all those that had gone + out to greet him on the previous day, and many more with them who had + heard of the miracle that he had performed, went to meet him in the + Broad Place. And near upon the time of the mid-day sacrifice, Jesus + and all these men went up to the Temple.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now, I have told + thee how, when Jesus had first come to Jerusalem, he had driven forth + from the Court of the Gentiles all those who were engaged in selling + beasts of sacrifice, or in changing foreign moneys for the shekels. + But the money-changers and others had been replaced by the orders of + the High Priest Hanan, and nothing had come of this action, nor in + his later visits to Jerusalem had he done <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page136">[pg 136]</span><a name="Pg136" id="Pg136" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>aught in the matter, and it was thought that he + had acknowledged the right and the power of the priests to have the + monopoly of the sale of sacrifices. Now, that day of the Moon was the + tenth day of the month Nisan, and upon it were purchased all the + lambs for the forthcoming Passover sacrifices, as it is said in the + Law, <span class="tei tei-q">“In the tenth day of this month they + shall take to them every man a lamb according to the house of their + fathers, a lamb for an house.”</span> As this Paschal sacrifice is + the only home sacrifice of us Jews, thou mightest imagine that each + householder could obtain his lamb whence he would; but the priests + say <span class="tei tei-q">“No”</span> to this, for if a man could + take any chance lamb, it might not be without blemish. So it had + grown to be a custom that, on the morning of the tenth day of Nisan, + the heads of households in Jerusalem should wend their way to the + courts of the Temple, there to select each man a lamb. And the + priests had their profit in this, for they claimed from those who + sold the lambs dues for every animal allowed to be in the courts. And + the sellers <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page137">[pg + 137]</span><a name="Pg137" id="Pg137" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>again were agreeable to this, for none that had + not the favor could sell the Paschal lambs. Whence it was that the + price of a lamb in the Paschal week was more than three times as much + as at any time of the year, and the poorer people murmured + greatly.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Thus it happened + that upon this day, when Jesus came into the courts of the Temple, + these were crowded with all the householders of Jerusalem, and much + chaffering and haggling was going on in the purchase of the lambs for + the Passover. But Jesus, with the favor he had won from the people, + was for this day at least Ruler of Jerusalem, and men wondered what + he would do with regard to this sale and purchase of the beasts of + sacrifice; for on his first coming to Jerusalem, as I have told thee, + he had driven the sellers away, but afterwards, when they had been + restored to their places, he had seemed to acquiesce. What would he + do now, men thought, as they saw him advancing over the Xystus + Bridge, the head of a vast concourse of people who would do all that + he told them?</p><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page138">[pg + 138]</span><a name="Pg138" id="Pg138" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">They had not long + to wait, for no sooner had he entered the Temple courts, than he + spake to those around him, and ordered them to remove the tables of + the money-changers, with their weights and scales, without which no + purchase could be; and no man dared say him nay, for all knew that + the people were with him. And they, indeed, were rejoiced, for they + took this as permission to buy their Paschal lambs where they would; + and many of those who had been bargaining in the courts of the Temple + went off at once to the market, and got them their lambs from thence. + All this I heard of in the inner courts of the Temple, for it chanced + that day that I had to offer a sin offering, and was waiting my turn + in the Court of the Israelites while the priests were preparing the + mid-day sacrifice. And I saw one coming up to Hanan and to Joseph + Caiaphas, who were presiding over the sacrifice, and they spake + earnestly to one another, and stopped the sacrifice, and came through + the Court of the Israelites and went down the Court of the Women, and + all of us followed them thither. And <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page139">[pg 139]</span><a name="Pg139" id="Pg139" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>when we came to the Beautiful Gate, and turned + to the right round the corner of the Temple, behold, we saw the + flocks of Paschal lambs being driven through the Western Gates. And + in the midst of the court stood Jesus, surrounded by a multitude + clamoring and shouting. Then saw I Hanan lean over to Joseph + Caiaphas, his son-in-law, and speak somewhat to him. Then the latter + advanced in front of the priests and the scribes, who had come forth + with him, and asked, <span class="tei tei-q">“Who hath done + this?”</span> And Jesus said, <span class="tei tei-q">“It is + I.”</span> Then spake Joseph again and said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Tell us, by what authority doest thou these things? And + who gave thee this authority?”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now, Joseph the + High Priest was clad this day in the robes of his office, with tiara + on head, the ephod on his breast, and silver bells and pomegranates + round the edge of his garment. Whereas Jesus the Nazarene wore his + wonted garb of a common country workman. Yet for the moment this + common workman was the greater power of the two; since all men knew + how he had been received by the <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page140">[pg 140]</span><a name="Pg140" id="Pg140" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>people when he had come into Jerusalem, and that + what he willed, all the people of Jerusalem willed also at that time. + So all were hushed to hear what this Jesus would say to the question + of the High Priest, since now they thought he must declare himself, + and justify the power he was exercising.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But here again, as + on former occasions, Jesus answered not directly to the question of + the priests, but rather questioned them. He said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“I also ask you one thing, which if ye tell me, I + likewise will tell you by what authority I do these things. The + baptism of Jochanan, was it from heaven or of men? Answer me.”</span> + And they answered and said unto Jesus, <span class="tei tei-q">“We + cannot tell.”</span> Then said Jesus unto them, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Then neither will I tell by what authority I do these + things. To what is the matter like? There was a man had two sons. And + the man came to the first, and said, <span class="tei tei-q">‘My son, + go work in my vineyard.’</span> But he said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">‘I will not.’</span> Howbeit afterward he repented, and + went to work. But the man went to the second, and spake in like + manner. But he answered, <span class="tei tei-q">‘I go, sir.’</span> + But yet he went <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page141">[pg + 141]</span><a name="Pg141" id="Pg141" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>not. + Whether of these twain did the will of his father?”</span> And we all + answered, <span class="tei tei-q">“The first.”</span> Then Jesus + looked slowly around at us all, and said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“This I say unto you, the publicans and harlots enter + into the kingdom of heaven before you. For Jochanan came unto you in + the way of righteousness, and ye heeded him not, but the harlots and + the publicans heeded him: but ye, even when ye saw this, repented + not.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now, at this + public insult to all of priestly rank, I saw dart forward Hanan the + High Priest, as if he would have rent the man Jesus. But Caiaphas his + son-in-law caught him by the wrist, and whispered words in his ear. + But Hanan broke loose, and called out in a loud voice, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“My guard, my guard!”</span> Whereat many of the folk who + had come with Jesus into the Court of the Gentiles came forward round + him, and put their hands to their weapons. He indeed said naught, nor + seemed aware of the conflict that threatened. But Caiaphas turned, + and in a loud voice said, <span class="tei tei-q">“I go to perform + the mid-day sacrifice,”</span> and walked slowly out of the court + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page142">[pg 142]</span><a name="Pg142" + id="Pg142" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>back to the Temple. And we all + followed him.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now, when we + returned from performing the sacrifice, Jesus had left the courts of + the Temple, which had become bare and empty of people. And as I went + homeward to my house in the Street of the Bakers, I looked down from + the Xystus Bridge, and saw trooping down the Tyropœon Jesus and a + great multitude of the people, who crowded round him, as if eager to + touch the hem of his garment. I stood and watched till they reached + the Fountain Gate, through which he passed; and shortly afterwards I + could see him on the road to the Fountain of Rogel, still accompanied + by many of the people.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">What was to come + of that day’s work I knew not. For the first time the discontent of + the common folk with the management of the Temple by the priests had + come to a head, and had resulted in this open conflict between Jesus + and the High Priests. The city was full of strangers excited by + thoughts of the coming festival. The common people had not yet + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page143">[pg 143]</span><a name="Pg143" + id="Pg143" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>calmed themselves from the + thoughts of rebellion which had been raised by the rising of Jesus + Bar Abbas and others. The whole city was as tow ready for the spark + of fire.</p><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page144">[pg + 144]</span><a name="Pg144" id="Pg144" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + </div> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-top: 5.00em; margin-bottom: 5.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg145" id="Pg145" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> <a name="toc25" id="toc25"></a><a name="pdf26" + id="pdf26"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "margin-bottom: 3.46em; text-align: center; margin-top: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">XII.</span><br /> + <span style="font-size: 173%">THE WOES.</span></h1> + + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg146" id="Pg146" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page147">[pg + 147]</span><a name="Pg147" id="Pg147" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now, on the + morrow, being the third day of the week, Jesus of Nazara came again + into the city, and the rumor of his coming spread through all the + streets and places of Jerusalem. And going forth after the morning + prayers, I found Jesus with many around him in the Broad Place before + the Water Gate. And as I approached near to them, I saw the crowd + part asunder and a procession coming through, and almost all the men + there bowed and did reverence to the men who were passing through. + Now, these were mostly of the Pharisaic sect, who were going to the + Great Beth Hamidrash, to pursue the study of the Law and to give + decisions on legal questions which the common folk put to them. And + at their head walked Jochanan ben Zaccai, the President of the + Tribunal. He was regarded as the most capable exponent of the Law + since the death of Hillel, whose favorite <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page148">[pg 148]</span><a name="Pg148" id="Pg148" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>pupil he had been, and men were wont to refer to + him for decision in all the most difficult questions of life. He was + walking at the head of the procession in his long <span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">talith</span></span> with large borders and in + his broad phylacteries. And he passed Jesus with a salutation, + indeed, but in it was mingled some of the pride and contempt with + which the masters of the Law regarded all those whom they call the + Country-folk.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">When these had + passed, Jesus turned round to the people, and spake these words:</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style= + "margin-top: 2.00em; margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“The scribes and the Pharisees sit in Moses’ seat: all + therefore whatsoever they bid you observe, that observe and do; but + do not ye after their works: for they say, and do not. For they bind + heavy burdens and grievous to be borne, and lay them on men’s + shoulders; but they themselves will not move them with one of their + fingers. But all their works they do for to be seen of men: they make + broad their phylacteries, and enlarge the borders of their garments, + and love the chief place at feasts, and the chief seats in the + synagogues, and greetings in the markets, and to be called of men, + <span class="tei tei-q">‘Rabbi, Rabbi.’</span></span></p><span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page149">[pg 149]</span><a name="Pg149" id="Pg149" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“But be not ye called Rabbi: for One is your Master, and + all ye are brethren.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“And call no man your father upon the earth: for One is + your Father, which is in heaven.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Neither be ye called Masters, for One is your + Master.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“But he that is greatest among you shall be your servant. + And whosoever shall exalt himself shall be abased; and he that shall + humble himself shall be exalted.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“But woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for + ye shut up the kingdom of heaven against men: for ye neither go in + yourselves, neither suffer ye them that are entering to go + in.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye + devour widows’ houses, and for a pretence make long prayers: + therefore ye shall receive the greater damnation.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye + compass sea and land to make one proselyte, and when he is made, ye + make him twofold more the child of hell than yourselves.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Woe unto you, blind guides, which say, <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page150">[pg 150]</span><a name="Pg150" id="Pg150" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span class="tei tei-q">‘Whosoever shall + swear by the Temple, it is nothing; but whosoever shall swear by the + gold of the Temple, he is bound!’</span> Ye fools and blind! for + whether is greater, the gold, or the Temple that sanctifieth the + gold? And, <span class="tei tei-q">‘Whosoever shall swear by the + altar, it is nothing; but whosoever sweareth by the gift that is upon + it, he is bound!’</span> Ye fools and blind! for whether is greater, + the gift, or the altar that sanctifieth the gift? Whoso, therefore, + shall swear by the altar, sweareth by it, and by all things thereon. + And whoso shall swear by the Temple, sweareth by it, and by him that + dwelleth therein. And he that shall swear by heaven, sweareth by the + throne of God, and by him that sitteth thereon.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye + pay tithe of mint and anise and cummin, and have omitted the + weightier matters of the Law, judgment, mercy, and faith; these ought + ye to have done, and not to leave the other undone.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Ye blind guides, which strain out the gnat and swallow a + camel!</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye + make clean the outside <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page151">[pg + 151]</span><a name="Pg151" id="Pg151" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>of + the cup and of the platter, but within they are full of extortion and + excess. Thou blind Pharisee! cleanse first that which is within the + cup and platter, that the outside of them may be clean + also.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye + are like unto whited sepulchres, which indeed appear beautiful + outward, but are within full of dead men’s bones, and of all + uncleanness. Even so ye also outwardly appear righteous unto men, but + within ye are full of hypocrisy and iniquity.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 2.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! because + ye build the tombs of the prophets, and garnish the sepulchres of the + righteous, and say, <span class="tei tei-q">‘If we had been in the + days of our fathers, we would not have been partakers with them in + the blood of the prophets.’</span> Fill ye up, then, the measure of + your fathers. Ye serpents, ye generation of vipers, how can ye escape + the damnation of hell?”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">And all the people + were astonished at these words, for in many of his sayings and most + of his actions Jesus had seemed to <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page152">[pg 152]</span><a name="Pg152" id="Pg152" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>incline more to the sect of the Pharisees than + to any other section of the house of Israel. And, indeed, in the + opening words of his discourse he had granted their right to + interpret the Law and to lead the people. Yet wherefore had he + denounced them all without distinction as men insincere and void of + truth? Hypocrites there were among them as among other classes of + men. Often, indeed, their acts did not go with their words; but of + what man can it be said that all his acts and words go together? + These men were occupied in building a rampart to the Law, and holding + the fortress against enemies without and dissensions within. Those + ramparts might confine our actions within a narrow space, yet is it + not well for all men to be kept perforce in the path of duty? I know + thou thinkest otherwise, Aglaophonos. Thy Master the Stagyrite has + taught thee that man should be a law unto himself; but we Jews + willingly bear the yoke of the Law, because we believe it to be the + yoke of the Lord. And in this matter Jesus had in every way shown + himself to be a Jew of the Jews. Why, then, was he so <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page153">[pg 153]</span><a name="Pg153" id="Pg153" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a>in wrath against the interpreters of the + Law?</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Yet were the + common folk not displeased at these sayings of Jesus; nay, rather + they applauded them. For in many ways our Sages have failed to find + favor with the common folk of Israel; for besides that they would + regulate their lives at every point, so that no man dare do this or + do that except in the way the Sages prescribe, but chiefly the rabbis + were out of favor with the folk for that they did openly despise and + condemn all but those who were learned in the Law. The unlearned they + called the Country-folk. Wherefore did the people hear with pleasure + the bitter words Jesus spake against the scribes and the + Pharisees.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The night of that + same day an event occurred which roused the city of Jerusalem to a + pitch of expectation such as I had never seen there. Two young + Zealots, artisans, that were popular with their fellows for their + kindness of heart and good humor, fell into an altercation with a + Roman officer near the Sheep Gate, not far from Antonia, where all + the Roman soldiers lie. Without a word of warning, the Ro<span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page154">[pg 154]</span><a name="Pg154" id="Pg154" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a>man officer drew his sword and killed one + of these young men, and when his companion and the passers-by rebuked + him, and would have seized him to take him before the procurator, he + gave a signal, and a multitude of soldiers poured forth from Antonia + and struck without mercy among the crowd. Five were killed and many + were wounded, and the whole city was in an uproar at this proof of + Roman insolence. <span class="tei tei-q">“How long, O Lord?”</span> + the graybeards said, raising their hands to heaven. And the younger + men said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Let us but wait the coming of + Jesus the Liberator; surely before the Passover he will free us from + the rule of the <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Goyim</span></span>.”</span></p> + </div> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg155" id="Pg155" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> <a name="toc27" id="toc27"></a> <a name="pdf28" + id="pdf28"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "margin-top: 3.46em; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">XIII.</span><br /> + <span style="font-size: 173%">THE GREAT REFUSAL.</span></h1> + + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg156" id="Pg156" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page157">[pg + 157]</span><a name="Pg157" id="Pg157" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Thou canst imagine + with what feelings of expectation all Jerusalem awaited the coming of + Jesus next morning. Many of the Pharisees had come together the eve + before, and spoken of the public insult Jesus had given to their sect + on the preceding day. Hanan the High Priest, we heard, had quarrelled + furiously with his son-in-law Joseph Caiaphas, for that he had not + allowed him to summon his guard after the humiliation he had put upon + them in the Temple. Yet neither the Pharisees nor the Sadducees who + followed the High Priests dared lay hands upon this Jesus, because of + the evident favor in which he was held by the common folk of + Jerusalem, and above all by the many from country parts who had come + up, like him, to spend the Passover in the Holy City. Among all these + there was no talk but of Jesus the Liberator; nay! many spake of him + as Jesus the <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page158">[pg + 158]</span><a name="Pg158" id="Pg158" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>Christ. And if he were indeed to be the Christ, + the King of Israel, the Founder of the New Kingdom, it could not be + that he would suffer longer the yoke of the Romans to lie upon the + neck of Israel.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Yet there was one + thing that perplexed many, and opinion went hither and thither among + the minds of men concerning it. The Christ who was to deliver Israel + and to rule over mankind, was he not to be the son of David? Yet this + Jesus was of Galilee, where the admixture of blood had been greatest + in all Israel. <span class="tei tei-q">“There is no unleavened bread + in all Galilee,”</span> the scoffers used to say, meaning thereby + that their genealogy was sprinkled with yeast, as we call foreign + admixture. And for this man’s genealogy, who could declare it? Many, + indeed, as I have told thee, thought him to have no right even to be + called son of his father. A <span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">mamzer</span></span> + shall not sit in the congregation of Israel. How, then, could one + ascend Israel’s throne?</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">When, therefore, + Jesus came next morning from his lodging in Bethany, all Jerusalem + turned out to welcome him, for the <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page159">[pg 159]</span><a name="Pg159" id="Pg159" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>Passover was coming anear, and if aught was to + be done to clear the city of the Romans, it must be done quickly, + must be done on that day. Never saw I the courts of the Temple so + crowded as on that day when I came thither, and found Jesus standing + in the Court of the Gentiles, with almost all the leading men of + Jerusalem and many of the common folk surging about him. Scarce room + was left for the Roman sentry to march his guard in front of the + Beautiful Gate. Yet he took no heed of us barbarians, but with shield + and spear shouldered his way backward and forward, backward and + forward, a sign to all men that the house of God was in the hands of + God’s enemies.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Never saw I the + men of Jerusalem so exultant as on that morning. Wherever I looked, + joy—a grim joy—was on every man’s countenance, and there was no man + there but was armed, save only Jesus himself and some ten or a dozen + men who had come with him from Bethany, and these, indeed, were the + only men who had not shown joy. Never had I seen the Nazarene with a + countenance so saddened and <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page160">[pg + 160]</span><a name="Pg160" id="Pg160" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>aweary. Yestermorn he had been flashing with + anger and indignation as he spake his words against the Pharisees, + but on this day his force seemed to be spent, and he appeared like + one who had passed through a great agony.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now, as they were + standing there, I saw a man, one of the leaders of the Zealots, armed + as if for battle, go up and lay a hand upon one of those with Jesus. + He spake eagerly with him, and pointed with his thumb to the Roman + soldier as he passed to and fro. But the other shook his head + vehemently, and took his arm away from the grasp of the Zealot and + turned his back upon him.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now, at this + moment certain of the Pharisees came through the crowd and advanced + to Jesus. So great was the crowd that I heard not at first what they + said unto him; but it must have been some question about the matter + that was in all men’s minds, for I heard his reply, and that, as was + his wont, was in the form of a counter-question to their inquiry, for + he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“What think <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ye</span></span> of the + Christ? Whose son is he?”</span> And they, speaking <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page161">[pg 161]</span><a name="Pg161" id="Pg161" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a>with the thought of all Israel, said, + <span class="tei tei-q">“The Christ is the son of David.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Then all men + watched with expectancy to hear what the Nazarene would say to this; + for if he agreed with them, then would he deny himself to be the + Christ: for his genealogy had by no means been proven. But yet, how + could he disprove the belief of all Israel, that the Christ was the + Son of David? Yet that did he after the manner of our Sages, using + words of Scripture as his confirmation; for he said unto them, + <span class="tei tei-q">“How then is it that David himself saith in + the Book of Psalms, <span class="tei tei-q">‘The Lord said unto my + Lord, Sit thou on my right hand until I make thine enemies thy + footstool’</span>? David therefore himself calleth the Christ Lord; + how then can the Christ be his son?”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">At this the + Pharisees knew not what to say, for no man had hitherto used that + <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">stichos</span></span> of the Psalms, and they + knew not what to reply. But the common folk were rejoiced + exceedingly; joy spread on their faces, and I saw many a fist raised + and shaken in exultant defiance at the Roman sentry, who walked + hither and <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page162">[pg + 162]</span><a name="Pg162" id="Pg162" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>thither on his guard as if he were a living mass + of steel.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Thereupon certain + of the crowd who were known to be followers of Herod had speech with + Jesus, and spake to him: <span class="tei tei-q">“Master, we know + that thou art true, and carest for no man; that thou regardest not + the person of men, but teachest the way of God in all truth—tell us, + therefore, what thinkest thou: is it lawful to give tribute to Cæsar + or not? shall we give, or shall we not give?”</span> All men were + silent, and drew their breath to hear what Jesus might say to this. + For if he claimed to be the Anointed One, to whom but to the King of + Israel should Israel’s tribute be paid?</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But he said unto + them, <span class="tei tei-q">“Why tempt ye me? Bring me a denarius, + that I may see it.”</span> And they brought one and put it into his + hand. And he held it forth unto them, and said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Whose is this image and superscription?”</span> And they + answered, <span class="tei tei-q">“Cæsar’s.”</span> And then Jesus + said unto them, <span class="tei tei-q">“Render to Cæsar the things + that are Cæsar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.”</span> And + these Herodians mar<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page163">[pg + 163]</span><a name="Pg163" id="Pg163" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>velled at the subtlety with which he had + answered them, but the common folk were amazed and dumfounded at his + answer. And soon I heard one say to another, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“He denieth: he would pay tribute to Cæsar.”</span> And + gradually all the men drew away from him, leaving him alone with only + the company with him from Bethany.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But he, seeing + this, turned to one of those with him, and said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Peter, of whom do the kings of the earth take custom? of + their own children, or of the aliens?”</span> And Peter answered and + said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Of the aliens.”</span> Then Jesus said + to him, <span class="tei tei-q">“Then are the children free?”</span> + And Peter said to him, <span class="tei tei-q">“Yes.”</span> Then + said Jesus unto him, <span class="tei tei-q">“Then do thou also give, + as being an alien to them.”</span> The common folk heard this, + indeed, but were in no wise satisfied. If they were to give tribute + to the Romans for whatever cause, they were still to be under + subjection to Rome, and then Jesus refused to be their Liberator; + that had become clear to them of a sudden. And they drew still + further away from him. And a deep silence of mortification fell upon + all men there, so that thou couldst <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page164">[pg 164]</span><a name="Pg164" id="Pg164" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>hear distinctly the tread of the Roman sentry as + he moved on his march.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Amid the deep + silence suddenly came a gentle tinkling, as of silver bells; it came + nearer and nearer, and a crier called out, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Way for the High Priests!”</span> Then Hanan the High + Priest, with Caiaphas his son-in-law, and others of the priests + accompanied by their guard, came down the steps from the Beautiful + Gate. The Roman sentry stopped his march and stood upright, with + spear on ground, and all made way as the procession of the High + Priests passed through the court. All men were silent, and thou + couldst hear the tinkling of the silver bells which were attached to + the hems of the High Priests’ garments. Hanan walked at the head of + the procession with his usual haughty gait, and had nearly passed + through the court, when he saw Jesus and those with him. At once he + halted, and summoned one of the crowd to him. Then we saw much eager + talk between this man and the High Priest. And Hanan summoned the + captain of his guard, who would have turned towards Jesus, but that + Joseph <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page165">[pg 165]</span><a name= + "Pg165" id="Pg165" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>Caiaphas stayed him and + spake unto Hanan, pointing to the Roman sentry. After much talk + between these, the High Priests resumed their march and left the + Temple. And all the other men began to pass away from the court, + leaving Jesus and his men alone with none to listen to him. For the + word passed swiftly in the mouths of all the men of + Jerusalem,—<span class="tei tei-q">“He refuseth; he would have us be + slaves of the Romans forever.”</span></p><span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page166">[pg 166]</span><a name="Pg166" id="Pg166" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + </div> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg167" id="Pg167" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> <a name="toc29" id="toc29"></a> <a name="pdf30" + id="pdf30"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: center; margin-top: 3.46em; margin-bottom: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">XIV.</span><br /> + <span style="font-size: 173%">THE MEETING OF THE + HANANITES.</span></h1> + + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg168" id="Pg168" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page169">[pg + 169]</span><a name="Pg169" id="Pg169" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The next day being + the fifth day of the week, and the thirteenth day of the month Nisan + in that year, many rumors went about the city as to the man Jesus. + There were who said that he had been seized by the guards of Hanan; + others said that he had left the village of Bethany and gone no man + knew whither. But for that day Jesus came not into Jerusalem, and + men’s minds were occupied more with one of the difficulties of our + Law which form the occupation and delight of our Sages. I must + explain this unto thee, for upon it turn the events of the next day, + so fateful for the man about whom thou art inquiring. Thou canst + easily understand what I shall say, for thou hast, I know, a copy of + the Scriptures in Greek, for did I not procure it for thee?</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">It is said in the + Law, thou wilt find, that the Passover lamb is to be killed in the + twilight between the fourteenth and the <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page170">[pg 170]</span><a name="Pg170" id="Pg170" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>fifteenth of Nisan, and it is also said in our + Law that the whole of the lamb must be consumed that evening. Now, in + the years when the fifteenth of Nisan, which is the first day of the + Passover, falleth upon the Sabbath, the killing and roasting of the + lamb would take place on the Sabbath eve, when no killing must take + place and no fire must be lit. Hence arises a conflict of the Law of + the Passover with the Law of the Sabbath. Now, the older view was, + that the Passover was superior to the Sabbath, and its law was to be + followed in preference. This the priests held and followed, and in + this they seemed to have the authority of the great Hillel, who also + declared the Passover superior to the Sabbath.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But many among the + Pharisees and the more pious preferred to slay the Passover lamb on + the eve between the thirteenth and the fourteenth day of Nisan, and + to eat it on the fourteenth day; that is, in those years when the + Passover fell on the Sabbath, as was the case in the year of which I + am now writing. It would appear that Jesus and his followers held + with the <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page171">[pg + 171]</span><a name="Pg171" id="Pg171" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>latter opinion, for, as I have heard, on the eve + of the fourteenth of Nisan he came stealthily into the city of + Jerusalem, and ate the Passover lamb concealed in an upper chamber of + one of his friends in the city. It showeth how earnest this man was + in following the larger precepts of the Law, though in smaller + matters he seemed to neglect it. For by this time he must have known + that he was no longer safe in Jerusalem; and, indeed, he proved this + by his secret entry into it. Yet in order to fulfil the Law, which + saith, <span class="tei tei-q">“The Passover lamb is to be eaten in + Jerusalem,”</span> he risked his own and his followers’ lives. Yet + was he careful of them; for, as thou shalt soon hear, as soon as he + had gone through the meal prescribed by the Law, he escaped out of + Jerusalem.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now, that night I + was standing at the door of my house, looking upon the city bathed in + the light of the moon, which was near its full, when suddenly a man + seized me by the arm and said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Thou art + wanted.”</span> I looked, and behold it was Simon Kantheros, my + brother-in-law. And I said to him, <span class="tei tei-q">“Who wants + me? and <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page172">[pg 172]</span><a name= + "Pg172" id="Pg172" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>wherefore?”</span> And + Simon answered me and said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Hanan the High + Priest has summoned suddenly a meeting of the Sanhedrim at his house + on the Mount of Olives.”</span> Then said I, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“But if it be at his house, it can only be the Priestly + Sanhedrim of Twenty-Three that he summons.”</span> <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Nay, nay, man,”</span> answered Simon, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“the case is urgent. He saith, <span class= + "tei tei-q">‘any member of the Sanhedrim.’</span> Come, then, with + me, and quickly.”</span> So with that I seized my mantle and my + staff, and went forth with him.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">So we hurried + across the market-place towards the Fish Gate, and as we passed near + the Tower Antonia, we saw the flashing of red lights, and heard + hoarse cries of command, and knew not what was toward. But when we + arrived at the Fish Gate, we found them changing the sentries of the + first watch, and knew that the second watch had begun. At first the + sentry would not let us through the gate; but the officer was called, + and Simon showed him his badge as member of the Sanhedrim. But even + this would not have sufficed, but that Simon then pointed to + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page173">[pg 173]</span><a name="Pg173" + id="Pg173" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>his toga and the purple stripe, + which showed that he was a Roman citizen of rank. Thereat the officer + spake to the sentry, and we passed through the gate, and turned + sharply to the right, and went down the road which leads to the + valley of the Kidron. And as we were passing the Brook Kidron, we + looked and saw dots of red light moving up the hill from the Garden + of Gethsemane. And as we advanced up the hill of the Mount of Olives, + we could see from time to time these red sparks preceding us; and + when we came within sight of the High Priest’s house, we saw them + enter in and disappear.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Soon we ourselves + had come up to the gate, and when we knocked, a wicket was opened, + and a face peered out, and our names were asked. When we had told + them, the gate was closed, and we had to wait some time. But at last + the door was opened, and the captain of the guard received us. He + took us through the passage which led into the open court, with the + water-basin in the centre, round which we skirted, and ascended the + steps into the inner house. And again we stopped <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page174">[pg 174]</span><a name="Pg174" id="Pg174" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a>before the hall-door while our names were + asked, and again we had to wait till the door was at last opened. + Then at last we entered the hall, and found Joseph Caiaphas the High + Priest and many of his kinsmen seated round a long table. Caiaphas + rose, and motioned us to two seats at the end of this table, and we + seated ourselves.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">When my eyes had + become accustomed to the light, I looked round, and said the greeting + of peace unto those I knew of the assembly. I can still remember many + of their names. There was Ishmael ben Phabi, who had at first + replaced Hanan as High Priest. There were also the four sons of + Hanan—Eleazar, Jonathan, Theophilus, and Matthias. Then there were + Kamithos the priest, and his two sons, Simon and Joseph. And beside + these, I remember two men of my own generation—Elioni ben Kantheros + and Chananyah ben Nedebai. Most of these men had been, or were + afterwards, High Priests, and were all at this time members of the + Priestly Sanhedrim. On the left of Caiaphas was a low stool, and, + even as I looked, <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page175">[pg + 175]</span><a name="Pg175" id="Pg175" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>Hanan ben Seth the High Priest came in swiftly + from a side door, and took a seat thereon. He glanced sharply round + at each of us, counting our numbers, and we were exactly three and + twenty. And when he saw me, he rose and spake somewhat harshly, + <span class="tei tei-q">“Meshullam ben Zadok, what dost thou here? + This is a meeting of the Priestly Sanhedrim. Thou art a son of + Israel.”</span> And I answered and said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Simon Kantheros here, my kinsman, summoned me to the + meeting, saying that any member of the Sanhedrim could + attend.”</span> The High Priest thought for a moment—he seemed as if + he were counting us again—then he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Be + it so; thou art at least a true son of Israel, and this is not a + formal meeting of the priests.”</span> He sat him down again, and we + waited. At last an attendant entered by the same door, and, going up + to the High Priest, spake to him. He nodded quickly, and dismissed + him with a wave of his hand. And when he had passed through the door, + Hanan the High Priest rose, and spake to us these words:—</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Kinsmen and colleagues, ye have all <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page176">[pg 176]</span><a name="Pg176" id="Pg176" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a>heard, if ye have not witnessed, how Jesus + of Nazara entered the Holy City on the first day of this week, amid + the acclamations of his followers and many of the lower people, who + even went so far as to hail him as the Deliverer. Now, to-morrow, as + ye know, is the Passover. Who knows, if the thoughts of deliverance + from Egypt, which come at that time, may not cause this man, or, if + not him, his followers, to attempt a rising against the Romans our + masters? We know that any such attempt would be entirely futile, but + the very attempt itself would be the ruin of the nation. Ye know the + character of the man Pontius Pilate. ’Tis but a short time since he + slew, of wanton cruelty, certain Galilæans, even while they were + making sacrifices, and all for mere suspicion of disaffection. Ye + cannot but remember the building of Solomon’s Aqueduct. Because money + was taken from the Temple treasury for the building thereof, the + people were inflamed, and would have risen against them. What did he + but send his soldiers, disguised in civil garb and armed with clubs, + among the people, when they came to make their pro<span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page177">[pg 177]</span><a name="Pg177" id="Pg177" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a>test? And without warning, and in mere + wanton cruelty, did he give the signal for massacre. If he did this + at a mere threat of a rising, what will happen should an actual + rising take place to-morrow? It is our duty to see that such a + calamity fall not upon this nation because of the presence of this + rude provincial in our midst. Better one man should die than the + nation should suffer. No time was to be lost, and I therefore have + had this Jesus arrested, and he now awaits our pleasure in the + atrium.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Before I summon him to our presence, I would briefly + state to you what seems to me and some of our friends here the right + course to be followed. We purpose to hand him over at dawn to Pontius + Pilate, to deal with him as he will. For he, by his spies, and by the + demonstration on the first day of the week, must be aware of the + danger of a rising to-morrow night, caused by this man’s presence in + our city. Indeed, it is for the very purpose of preventing a rising + that he cometh up each year about the Passover to Jerusalem. Let it, + then, be his care to prevent it how <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page178">[pg 178]</span><a name="Pg178" id="Pg178" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>he will; we shall have done our part, and he + cannot punish the nation, or us its leaders.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“But some of you will say, Why should we deliver this man + up to the Romans, perhaps, or even probably, to his death? I say, + that even apart from the danger which he offers to the State, he is + worthy of death for his manifest blasphemies. He speaketh of himself + as very God, and claims to be the Anointed One, and puts aside the + Law as it pleaseth him. I say naught of his insolence in the Temple + cloisters, for this matter concerns us that be priests, and in the + matter of judgment we must not take account of aught that deals with + our private concerns; yet it is manifest that he hath no reverence + for the Lord’s house: witnesses shall prove to you that he hath said + he would sweep it away and build another. I wonder not that horror is + expressed in your faces at this blasphemy.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Yet, as ye know, our Law hath in mercy provided that + none shall be condemned unless on the testimony of witnesses. The Law + shall be fulfilled. Even <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page179">[pg + 179]</span><a name="Pg179" id="Pg179" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>now, + as I speak, one of his followers, Judas, a man of Kerioth, is drawing + forth from him his blasphemies before two witnesses, concealed, as is + the custom. And even if he fail, I know this man Jesus; in his + arrogance he will not scruple to repeat his blasphemies, even before + us.</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Time presses, and I have but this to add before the + prisoner is summoned: it is a wise provision of our Law, that in + capital charges no final condemnation shall occur until the second + day of the trial. The day before the Passover began this eve. If we + keep to the Law, no condemnation can take place till after the first + day of the Passover, by which time all the mischance may have come to + pass. If the power of life and death were solely in our hands, I + would not depart in aught from the wise provision of our forefathers; + but, in truth, if this man be put to death, it will not be our doing, + for his fate rests with Pilate. I would remind the younger members of + the Sanhedrim that the final decision is not with us, and if they + vote for this man’s death, as I cannot doubt they will, considering + the pressing danger <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page180">[pg + 180]</span><a name="Pg180" id="Pg180" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>to + our nation, they need not fear to be called members of a bloodthirsty + Sanhedrim, since his death, if death he suffers, will be at the hands + of the Roman Procurator. In this strait I propose, therefore, to + examine this man at once, and if, as I doubt not, he avows his guilt, + to wait till the morning for his final condemnation, and in this way + fulfil the Law. Summon the prisoner to our presence.”</span> Then, + turning to Caiaphas, he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“This is a + matter between us and the Romans, for whom thou, Joseph, art the High + Priest. Take thou, then, the interrogatory.”</span></p> + </div> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-top: 5.00em; margin-bottom: 5.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg181" id="Pg181" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> <a name="toc31" id="toc31"></a> <a name="pdf32" + id="pdf32"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em; text-align: center"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">XV.</span><br /> + <span style="font-size: 173%">THE EXAMINATION BEFORE THE + SANHEDRIM.</span></h1> + + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg182" id="Pg182" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page183">[pg + 183]</span><a name="Pg183" id="Pg183" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Then from the + lower end of the hall entered Jesus the Nazarene, with his arms bound + with withes behind his back, and he was led by the captain of the + guard up to the centre of the table opposite Caiaphas the High + Priest. Then Caiaphas rose, and, looking at a paper in his hand which + Hanan had given him, said unto Jesus, <span class="tei tei-q">“Jesus + of Nazara, thou art accused before us of blasphemy, and of leading + the people of Israel astray: what sayest thou thereto?”</span> Jesus + gazed haughtily at him, and answered, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">I</span></span> spake openly to all the world, I + have taught in the synagogue and in the Temple, and in secret I have + said nothing. Why askest thou me? Ask them which heard me what I have + said unto them. Behold, they know what I have said.”</span> Then one + of the men who had led Jesus in struck him with the palm of his hand, + and said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Answerest thou the High Priest + so?”</span> But Jesus <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page184">[pg + 184]</span><a name="Pg184" id="Pg184" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>turned, and said to him in a milder voice, + <span class="tei tei-q">“If I have said aught that is evil, bear + witness thereof; but if well, why smitest thou me?”</span> And + Caiaphas the High Priest bade the man begone and bring in the + witnesses. Then one man came forward and said he had heard Jesus call + himself the Son of God. And another, that he had spoken of himself as + if he were very God, and could do all that the Holy One, blessed be + He, can perform. And yet another came forward and said he had heard + Jesus speak of himself as Son of Man, and had thereby, as he thought, + claimed to do what the Son of Man is said to do in the Prophets + Daniel and Enoch. But no two of these witnesses agreed as to time and + seasons, as is required by our Law. At last, however, two of them + declared that on the preceding day in the Temple they had heard him + say, <span class="tei tei-q">“I will destroy this Temple that is made + with hands, and in three days I will build another without + hands.”</span> Now, during all this time Jesus had said naught, but + looked before him with that rapt expression that I had seen upon him + on the <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page185">[pg 185]</span><a name= + "Pg185" id="Pg185" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>second occasion when I + had heard him preach in the synagogue of the Galilæans. So Caiaphas + the High Priest spake to him, saying, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Answerest thou naught to what these men witness against + thee?”</span> And Jesus made as if he heard not.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Then Hanan the + High Priest leaned over to Caiaphas his son-in-law and spake some + words to him. Then Caiaphas, rising, spake thus to Jesus: + <span class="tei tei-q">“Art thou the Christ, the Son of the Holy + One, blessed be He?”</span> Then Jesus raised his head, and gazing + fixedly at the High Priest, said in a loud voice, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Thou hast said. And hereafter ye shall see the Son of + Man sitting on the right hand of power, and coming on the clouds of + heaven.”</span> Then Hanan the High Priest rose and rent his clothes, + as is our wont in time of mourning or when blasphemy is heard, and he + called out in his keen, shrill voice, <span class="tei tei-q">“What + need we any further witnesses? Ye have heard the blasphemy; what + think ye?”</span> And he waved his hand to the captain of the guard, + who removed the prisoner.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">When the door was + closed behind him, <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page186">[pg + 186]</span><a name="Pg186" id="Pg186" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>Hanan said, <span class="tei tei-q">“What need + we of further words? let us proceed to the judgment.”</span> And + glancing over to Chananyah ben Nedebai, he said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Chananyah, thou art the youngest; it is thine to + pronounce judgment first. Is not this man guilty of death for his + manifest blasphemy here before us?”</span> And Chananyah said, + <span class="tei tei-q">“Yea.”</span> And so said all till Hanan had + called upon thirteen to give judgment. Then said Hanan, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“This man is for certain condemned to death, or at least + to be handed over to the Roman Procurator: for already a majority of + two have declared his death, even if all the rest were for an + acquittal, as I cannot think possible. The Court will rise and + reassemble at the time of the saying of the morning prayer, in order + to confirm this judgment. Ye will not have long to wait, for even now + I heard the crowing of the cock, and the dawn cannot be far + off.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Then the Court + broke up, and many of the younger members met together and discussed + the case. And I was somewhat surprised to find that very few words of + compassion were raised for Jesus. The <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page187">[pg 187]</span><a name="Pg187" id="Pg187" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>stubborn conduct of the prisoner had set them + against him in the first place, and his wild outburst had confirmed + their ill thoughts of him. But most of all they were influenced by + the thought that this was but a preliminary trial, and could only + result in handing him over to the Roman Procurator, with whom the + last word would be. None of them had seen aught of Jesus but during + the last few days in the Temple, when he had interfered with their + order and prerogatives. I cannot say I was convinced, either by + Hanan’s harangue at first, or by these men’s arguments afterwards. + But I was somewhat perplexed, feeling myself in some wise an intruder + in their midst, not being of the priestly order. And as is my custom + in such cases, I went out into the open air down the steps into the + atrium.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">There I found a + great fire had been lit in the court, for the night was chilly. Near + the fire Jesus was seated, with the High Priest’s guard around him. + As I came near, behold, one of the guard threw part of his mantle + across the face of Jesus so as to blindfold him, and then struck him, + say<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page188">[pg 188]</span><a name= + "Pg188" id="Pg188" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>ing, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Thou art a Prophet; prophesy who hath struck + thee.”</span> And all the soldiers laughed and jeered. Then sought I + the captain of the guard and told him this, and he said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“They mean naught of ill—they be rude fellows; howbeit, I + will stop them.”</span> And he went up to them and reproved them. And + I paced up and down the courtyard, with the silent stars above and + the glowing fire beneath, till an apparitor of the High Priest + summoned me, saying, <span class="tei tei-q">“It beginneth to dawn at + the back of the house; the Council will resume its + sitting.”</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">When I entered the + council-chamber, I found all seated as before, but in the midst was a + smaller table, at which was seated a scribe, with a roll in front of + him. Then Hanan the High Priest came in, and said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Ye have all had the time of deliberation prescribed by + our sages in capital cases, or at least as much time as the urgency + of the matter permits. We must proceed to the formal ratification of + this man’s sentence, for I cannot doubt that ye will see fit to + confirm the righteous judgment which your zeal for the Lord caused + you to pass just now upon this man. And again I would <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page189">[pg 189]</span><a name="Pg189" id="Pg189" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a>bid you remember you are voting, not so + much for this man’s death, as whether he is to be delivered to the + Romans. Scribe, read the roll.”</span> And with that the scribe began + to read our names, and we all answered to them. Then said Hanan, + <span class="tei tei-q">“We will now proceed to the voting,”</span> + and called upon Chananyah ben Nedebai to record his vote. And he + voted as before, for death. Then each in his turn, and all voted as + before. And when my name was called upon I arose and hesitated, and + Hanan looked over to me and said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Thou + speakest here by our courtesy, Meshullam ben Zadok; if thou disagree + with the unanimous opinion of thy colleagues, thou hadst best + instruct us in thy reasons. What sayest thou? Is not he guilty of + death who is guilty of blasphemy against the Most High?”</span> + <span class="tei tei-q">“Yea,”</span> said I. <span class= + "tei tei-q">“And was not this man Jesus manifestly guilty of + blasphemy before us?”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Yea,”</span> + said I. Then said Hanan swiftly to the scribe, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“He voteth for death,”</span> and waved me down to my + seat. And thereafter all the remaining members of the Council voted + for death, finishing with Hanan as the <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page190">[pg 190]</span><a name="Pg190" id="Pg190" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>oldest, who merely gave a grim nod to the + scribe.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">By this time it + was quite light, and all the Council and many of Hanan’s household + joined together to say the morning prayers. After prayers most of the + Council, with Hanan and Caiaphas at our head, followed the soldiers + who guarded Jesus down from the Mount of Olives. As we came near the + Brook Kidron, behold, a man with haggard face darted out from the + shrubs by the wayside, and rushing up to Hanan the High Priest, + dashed down at his feet a bag which chinked, and then disappeared + into the wayside again. But Hanan only motioned with his finger to + the bag at his feet, and the captain of his guard lifted it up and + poured out its contents into his hand, and, behold, it was a number + of new shekels from the Temple treasury. Then Hanan smiled grimly, + and bade the captain put them aside. Thereupon we resumed our march, + and soon came to the Aldgate. There we inquired where the Procurator + was, and learnt that he had taken up his dwelling at the Palace of + Herod, so that he might be in Jerusalem <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page191">[pg 191]</span><a name="Pg191" id="Pg191" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>during the Passover, as was his wont, for fear + of a rising at that time. Then we marched across and halted in front + of the palace. And on our way the rumor spread throughout the city + that Jesus the Nazarene was being carried before the Procurator, and + soon our procession was joined by all who were free from household + duties. I have explained to thee, have I not, how that for those of + the older opinion this sixth day of the week was the day on which the + Paschal lamb was to be sacrificed, and for all good Jews the morning + would be devoted to the final search after the leaven. That morning, + therefore, all the householders of Jerusalem and all the heads of + families were occupied in the search after leaven, or in preparation + for the Paschal sacrifice, and it was only the younger men, and those + who cared not for acts of piety, who followed our procession on the + way to Herod’s Palace.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now, all those of + the Council were of the older opinion as to the Paschal sacrifice, + and were about to perform it on the evening of that day. Wherefore it + behoved them not to enter the dwellings of <span class="tei tei-pb" + id="page192">[pg 192]</span><a name="Pg192" id="Pg192" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>the heathen during that day, since it is their + custom to bury the bodies of men in their gardens or in their houses, + which render them a defilement to us Jews. Therefore on the day of a + sacrifice no Jew may enter a heathen’s house, above all the High + Priest, upon whose sanctity the holiness of the nation depends. When, + therefore, we came within twenty paces of the Procurator’s dwelling, + Hanan caused our procession to halt, and a summons to be sounded upon + the trumpet. Thereat a lictor appeared, who asked our business, and + to him Hanan gave a message to the Procurator. And here for the first + time since he had been arrested I could see the countenance of Jesus + near me, and it surprised me much to observe that all traces of + anxiety and weariness had disappeared from it. He seemed relieved and + resigned, and paid no heed to what was passing around him, seeming + only to commune with himself, or perhaps, I should say, with some + inward friend and comforter.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Then Pontius + Pilate came forward and spake to Joseph Caiaphas the High Priest, and + asked him what he would with him. <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page193">[pg 193]</span><a name="Pg193" id="Pg193" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>And Caiaphas answered and said, pointing to + Jesus, <span class="tei tei-q">“This man have we captured and brought + unto thee, finding that he was perverting the people, and declaring + that he was the Anointed One of Israel, and therefore the rightful + King of the Jews. Him therefore have we brought to thee, seeing it is + a matter which toucheth our master the Emperor.”</span> Thereupon + Pontius Pilate turned round, and said something in the barbarian + tongue, and the guard of Roman soldiers came forward and took Jesus + from the High Priest’s guard, and took him with them up the steps of + the palace. Then Pilate courteously invited the High Priests to enter + the judgment-hall with him; but they, in answer, pointed out that on + that holy day they dared not enter to any house but their own and the + house of God. Then Pilate turned his back with scanter courtesy, and + reëntered the palace, and we and the common people remained outside + waiting.</p><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page194">[pg + 194]</span><a name="Pg194" id="Pg194" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + </div> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg195" id="Pg195" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> <a name="toc33" id="toc33"></a> <a name="pdf34" + id="pdf34"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "text-align: center; margin-top: 3.46em; margin-bottom: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">XVI.</span><br /> + <span style="font-size: 173%">CONDEMNATION AND EXECUTION.</span></h1> + + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg196" id="Pg196" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page197">[pg + 197]</span><a name="Pg197" id="Pg197" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">And after a while + of waiting, Pontius Pilate reappeared, and coming down to Caiaphas + said, <span class="tei tei-q">“He hath confessed; he shall join the + other criminals that are to be executed this day.”</span> Then one + among those who were waiting in the crowd came forward unto Pilate, + and said unto him, <span class="tei tei-q">“Master, it is a grace of + our lord the Emperor that at our Passover there be released unto us + one of the prisoners that are condemned to death.”</span> And Pilate + answered and said, <span class="tei tei-q">“That is so: whom will ye + that I release?”</span> And many of those in the crowd called out, + <span class="tei tei-q">“Jesus.”</span> And Pilate stepped back, and + summoned to him a lictor. And shortly after soldiers came forward in + the portico, bearing with them Jesus the Nazarene. Upon him was a + purple robe of royalty, and upon his brow had been placed the faded + rose-wreath of some reveller which had been put on in haste, and some + of the <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page198">[pg 198]</span><a name= + "Pg198" id="Pg198" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>thorns had torn the + flesh, and blood was trickling down. When the people saw him, many + cried out, <span class="tei tei-q">“Not this Jesus, but Jesus Bar + Abbas.”</span> And one man among the crowd called out, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Better Jesus Bar Abba<a id="noteref_10" name= + "noteref_10" href="#note_10"><span class= + "tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">10</span></span></a> than + Jesus Bar Amma;”</span><a id="noteref_11" name="noteref_11" href= + "#note_11"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">11</span></span></a> and + laughter and jeers followed. Then Pilate seemed puzzled, and called + to him one of his lictors, who spake earnestly to him for a time, and + then received an order from him. And going up the steps, he entered + the palace. And shortly afterwards there came forward the man Jesus + Bar Abbas of Jerusalem, of whom I have spoken to thee before. Now, he + had been very popular among the folk, and had lost his liberty in a + rising against the Romans, in which a Roman sentry had been slain. + And there stood the two Jesuses—the one that had risen against the + Romans, and the one that had told the people they should pay tribute + to their Roman lords. It was manifest that the new-comer, who had + done naught against the Romans, was more in favor with Pilate the + Procurator, <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page199">[pg + 199]</span><a name="Pg199" id="Pg199" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>while the folk who had welcomed him on the first + day of the week, on this the sixth day reviled and despised him + because he had refused to lead a rising against the Romans as the + other one had done. Then Pilate called out to them and said, + <span class="tei tei-q">“Whom will ye that I release unto you: Jesus + who is called Bar Abbas, or Jesus who is called Christ?”</span> And + almost all the multitude cried, <span class="tei tei-q">“Jesus Bar + Abbas! Jesus Bar Abbas!”</span> Then Pilate gave command, and the + soldiers took tack Jesus the Nazarene into the palace again, while + others removed the fetters from Jesus Bar Abbas, and he came down the + steps and disappeared among the crowd.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">After a while, + there came forward from the side gate a company of Roman soldiers, + who took their stand in front of the steps of the palace, moving the + crowd away therefrom. And shortly after, other soldiers brought down + from above three men, each carrying two pieces of timber, one fixed + across the top of the other, like unto the letter <span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">tau</span></span>. + One of these was Jesus the Nazarene, clad once more in his own + garments, and without the rose-<span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page200">[pg 200]</span><a name="Pg200" id="Pg200" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>wreath; yet couldst thou see the mark of the + thorns upon his brow. The others were, as I learnt, malefactors that + had been condemned for robbery.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Just at this + moment one touched me on the shoulder, and, turning, I found it was + one of the servants of my household, who spake unto me and said, + <span class="tei tei-q">“Meshullam ben Zadok, thy father would speak + with thee.”</span> And as the house was not far off, I went with him + and spake to my father, who would have me accompany him on the search + for leaven on that morn. For at that time I was betrothed, and next + year I should have a house of my own, and would have to conduct the + search for leaven as a master of a household. So I went round the + house with my father—peace be upon him!—and searched for the + leaven.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">By the time the + search for the leaven had been concluded, the hour had come for the + mid-day meal, at which all the members of my family assembled. But I + hurried forth, as soon as the grace after meals had been said, to + ascertain what had been the fate of the Nazarene. I <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page201">[pg 201]</span><a name="Pg201" id="Pg201" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a>could not go to the place of execution, + for it is not seemly for a member of the Sanhedrim to attend an + execution. I soon learnt that the Roman soldiers had conducted Jesus + and the two others to the Hill Golgotha, somewhat apart from the + place of stoning, where our Jewish executions were held.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">As I have + explained to thee, Aglaophonos, our Sages have mercifully interpreted + the words of the Law relating to the four modes of capital punishment + among us—stoning, burning, beheading, and strangulation. For stoning + they have substituted throwing down from a height after the criminal + has been made to feel naught by drinking a mixture of frankincense, + myrrh, and vinegar, which the ladies of Jerusalem supply as one of + their pious duties. The criminal condemned to be burnt is in reality + strangled, and then a lighted wick placed for a moment in his open + mouth. In every way the aim of the Sages is to shorten the sufferings + of the condemned man. But the Romans, at least in their execution of + all but Roman citizens, seem rather to aim at <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page202">[pg 202]</span><a name="Pg202" id="Pg202" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a>the opposite of this; for they have + selected, as their method of execution for slaves and criminals that + are not citizens, suspension on a cross, by which all the organs of + the body are strained and tortured till some vital organ gives way. + It was this cruel form of punishment that the Romans were dealing out + to Jesus the Nazarene. It happeneth oft that men live for two or + three days on the cross, till they die even of hunger. I learnt to my + dismay that Jesus had refused, with words of menace, to take the + draught of myrrh and wine which the ladies of Jerusalem, as I have + said, prepare for all men condemned to capital punishment, so that + they may not feel the pain and torture.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">I could not go to + the place of execution, as a member of the Sanhedrim. I hurried, + therefore, to the northern slopes of the Temple mount, whence one can + see Golgotha. At first I could discern naught, for sombre clouds + covered all the heights of Scopus. But suddenly a flash came forth + from them, followed by a dull roll of thunder, and I could see for a + moment three crosses raised side by side on the <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page203">[pg 203]</span><a name="Pg203" id="Pg203" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a>top of Golgotha. Which of these held Jesus + I knew not. I only knew that there was dying one who had seemed born + to do honor to his nation, to help to deliver Israel from the men who + were now torturing him to his death. Since the night before, events + had so hurried past me that I had had no time to think of their + import till now, when I sat me down in the purple shadow of Antonia, + and gazed upon the hill of execution, where from time to time flashes + showed me the three crosses on the hill.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">This, then, was + the end of the hopes connected with Jesus of Nazara, and of the + empire which he had wielded over men’s minds! But five days agone + welcomed as a king, to-day executed with the ignominy reserved for + the basest slave. Each day of his sojourn in Jerusalem he had made + another and yet another class of the nation his enemies. First he + threatens the power of the priests; next he insults their opposites, + the Pharisees; and then he puts to naught the hope of the common folk + that he would help them rise against the Romans. Between Sabbath and + Sab<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page204">[pg 204]</span><a name= + "Pg204" id="Pg204" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>bath he had lost every + friend; not even his immediate followers stood by his side in the + hour of trial.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">And yet no man had + appeared in Israel for many generations endowed in so high a degree + with all the qualities which mark us Israelites out from the nations + around. He was tender to the poor; and which of the nations has given + thought for its poor, their feelings as well as their welfare, like + unto Israel? He bare the yoke of the Law willingly, yet as a son, not + as a slave, of the Most High. God was to him, as to all of us, as an + ever-present Father, to love, to chasten, and to reward; not as a + harsh taskmaster or as a boon-companion, as with the commoner minds + of thy people, Aglaophonos; nor as a vain figment of the reason, as + with thy higher minds.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Even in what thou + regardest as defects in our nation, this Jesus seemed also to share. + Thou makest us the reproach that we give no thought to the beauties + and grandeur of nature, and in nothing that I had seen and heard of + him did the Nazarene differ from the rest of us in this. Thou + complainest that we look upon life <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page205">[pg 205]</span><a name="Pg205" id="Pg205" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>with all too much seriousness. <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Ye cannot see the smile upon the face of things,”</span> + thou saidst once to me. In this surely Jesus was a Jew of the Jews. + We never saw him smile, still less heard him laugh. Thou wouldst hold + up to me as a model Socrates thy teacher, who taught the Hellenes + truth with a smile. That man there, dying upon the cross, had tried + to teach Israel the truth with tears and threats.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Herein he followed + the exemplar of our prophets. Only in Israel have the men who have + led us farthest reviled us most. As our God, who has been to us a + Father, has chastened us while he loved us, so our prophets have + rebuked us their brethren. Many generations of men have passed since + the last of the prophets spake his words of loving reproof. Now has + appeared this Jesus, who again takes up their work.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But in one thing, + and that a great thing, he differs from our prophets. All these spake + never but as messengers of the Most High. This man alone of the + prophets speaketh in his own name: therefore he hath been a + stumbling-block and an of<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page206">[pg + 206]</span><a name="Pg206" id="Pg206" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>fence unto us. He spake as one having authority, + and it seemed to us as arrogance. And when we would speak with him in + the gates, and know his own thought, he evaded our questionings and + eluded our testings. He seemed aloof from us and our desires. All + Israel was pining to be freed from the Roman yoke, and he would have + us pay tribute to Rome for aye. Did he feel himself in some way as + not of our nation? I know not; but in all ways we failed to know + him.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">And as I was + communing thus, the sun shone forth from a rift in the clouds and + illumined for a space the crown of Calvary, and I stretched forth my + hands to the figures on the cross, and cried aloud in my perplexity, + <span class="tei tei-q">“Jesus, what art thou?”</span> And then I + bethought me, and my hands fell to my side, and I said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“What wert thou, Jesus?”</span> Naught answered me but + the distant rumbling from the gloomy clouds.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But the sun was + setting over Israel, and I turned to my father’s house, there once + more to celebrate the Feast of the Deliverance from Egypt.</p> + </div> + <hr class="page" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page207">[pg 207]</span><a name="Pg207" + id="Pg207" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> <a name="toc35" id= + "toc35"></a> <a name="pdf36" id="pdf36"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "margin-top: 3.46em; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">EPILOGUE.</span></h1> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Thus far had I + written to thee, Aglaophonos, as to what I knew of that Jesus the + Nazarene about whom thou hast made so earnest inquiry. I had minded + to hand it to Alphæus ben Simon, my cousin, who goeth this week in + the galley to Cyprus, and thence would have passed it on to thee by + the hands of one of our brethren who visit Greece from year to year. + But there has happened to me an event which has given me much to + think of with regard to this very matter of Jesus. It chanced that + the day before yesterday I went from the Jewish quarter in this city + of Alexandria for my usual walk along the Lochias, which adjoins it. + There it is my custom to catch the sea air and to watch the vessels + put into the Inner Port. Now, it chanced that as I came upon the + Lochias, the vessel of Joppa had just hoved-to in the Inner Port, and + the passengers were being landed up the Broad Steps. Now <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page208">[pg 208]</span><a name="Pg208" id="Pg208" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a>these, by their <span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">talith</span></span> and their faces, I knew to + be Jews, and I went up to them, and greeted them with the greeting of + peace. But among them one came to me with the look of recognition in + his eyes, and said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Knowest thou me not, + Meshullam ben Zadok?”</span> And, behold, it was Rufus ben Simon, + whom I had known before I left the Holy City. So I welcomed him, and + brought him home to this house of mine. And here he remaineth till + the morrow, when he starteth forth to go to Cyrene.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Now, in my + inquiries about old friends left behind, and new things that had + happened since I went away, I failed not to ask about the followers + of the Nazarene. To my wonder, I found that this Rufus had become one + of them, even though he was but a child when Jesus died. Yet is he a + good Jew in all else. He eateth only our meat, and keepeth our + Sabbaths and festivals. But he avers that the Anointed One, whom we + expect, has already appeared, and that he was Jesus the Nazarene. And + upon my inquiry how he could know aught of Jesus but from the common + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page209">[pg 209]</span><a name="Pg209" + id="Pg209" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>talk, he put in my hand some + Memorabilia of him, written down in Hebrew by one of his chief + followers, Matathias.<a id="noteref_12" name="noteref_12" href= + "#note_12"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style= + "font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">12</span></span></a> This + have I read again and again, and pondered much thereon. Nor have I + been able to sleep these two nights for the new thoughts about Jesus + that have come to me from reading these memoirs of him.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">For, behold, he + appeareth in these records of him by his own followers in far other + wise than he showed himself to us in public at Jerusalem. In all his + public acts among us he was full of scornful rebukes; among his own + followers he was tender and loving. Scarcely ever could we get him to + speak out to us plainly his views about matters of public concern. He + would always give us an answer full of evasion and enigma, but to his + followers he would explain all his meaning over and over again, + illustrated with parable. There at Jerusalem he almost always turned + to the people his harsher side. I saw him on every occasion on which + he appeared in <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page210">[pg + 210]</span><a name="Pg210" id="Pg210" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>public in Jerusalem, and, save only in his + sermons, he was always rebuking one or another, just like the + prophets of old. And the manner of his rebuking towards us was as + with scorpions, whereas among his own he would mingle tenderness even + with his reproaches. Nor, saving his sermons, which few heard but + those who already followed him, had he aught novel to tell us about + the things of life. He seemed to us as if he would destroy the temple + of our faith, nor in his public actions did he give any promise of + building it up anew. Yet to those with him he would continually be + telling what to do and how to do it, till, behold, a new manner of + life, fair and seemly, stood before them, fulfilled of Jewish + righteousness, with a tender mercy which was the man’s very own.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">I need not detail + to thee, Aglaophonos, what these acts and words were which have given + me an altogether new light as to the character and thoughts of the + man Jesus. From certain words of thine in thy letter, which I + understood not then when I first read it, I can see now that thou + must have had some such account of the life and <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page211">[pg 211]</span><a name="Pg211" id="Pg211" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a>death of Jesus before thee as this which + Rufus hath shown unto me. Now I can understand wherefore thou hast + inquired about this Jesus with such eager insistence. And to thee as + a Gentile the revelation of his character would come with more + attractive force than to us that be Jews. For in almost every way + this Jesus fulfilleth the idea of a Jew as we have it in these later + days. Working with his hands, yet teaching with his voice; obedient + to the Law, yet ever eager to take a new law upon himself; doing acts + of love among men, yet rebuking in love their ill acts, and doing all + things as in the presence of the Glory;—in all this Jesus was as the + best of our Sages.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-q">“Wherefore, then, did ye suffer him to be killed?”</span> + thou wilt ask me, and indeed I ask myself. If I were to answer thee + in the way Jesus was wont to answer us, I would say, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Why did ye Hellenes condemn Socrates to the + hemlock?”</span> For he was as much the Ideal of the Hellenes as + Jesus of the Jews. Every Hellene would be eloquent and reasonable, + and that was Socrates. Every Jew would be wise and <span class= + "tei tei-pb" id="page212">[pg 212]</span><a name="Pg212" id="Pg212" + class="tei tei-anchor"></a>good and pious, and that was Jesus. Yet + each of these men, if I read their lives aright, died the death of a + criminal, because he cared not for that which his fellow-countrymen + cared for most. Socrates died because he would force his countrymen + to examine by their reason the ideas and ideals which they all + accepted. Jesus died for the same reason, but also for another—for + that he cared naught for our national hopes. We were all panting for + national freedom; he would have naught of it. Whether it was that he + felt in some sort to be not of our nation, I know not; but in all his + teaching he dealt with us as men, not as Jews. It is this, I can see, + that has attracted thee to his doctrine, whereas thou wert always + scornful of our Jewish pretensions, as thou calledst them.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Yet herein again + was he at one with the best thoughts of our Sages. Our God is the God + of all, and his Law shall be one day the Law of all. If we yearn for + the universal realm of the Messiah, it is as much for the sake of the + world as for ourselves. But methinks I see in the thoughts of this + Jesus an idea quite other than ours <span class="tei tei-pb" id= + "page213">[pg 213]</span><a name="Pg213" id="Pg213" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a>as to what the Anointed One shall be and shall + do. We hope for him as a Deliverer and a Conqueror with force of arms + by God’s aid. Now, Jesus seemed not to think of the Anointed One in + any way like this. His mind seemed to be filled rather with the + picture of the Servant of God as drawn by the Prophet Esaias. Thou + knowest the passage, Aglaophonos; I remember thy laughter when first + I read it thee, that men could look forward to contempt and hatred as + a good. Truly the idea is far different from the saying of the + barbarian, <span class="tei tei-q">“Woe to the conquered!”</span> And + surely to us all, Jew and Gentile, Greek and barbarian, the greatest + of joys is this—to worst an equal foe in fair fight. But to Esaias + the prophet, and to Jesus the Nazarene after him, the higher victory + is with him that is worsted in the battle of life. That will come as + good tidings to nine out of every ten of men.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Therefore, if + Jesus thought of himself as the Anointed One, it was as being + anointed with the woes of the vanquished, with the sweat and the + blood of the lowly and despised. Now I know why he seemed so + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page214">[pg 214]</span><a name="Pg214" + id="Pg214" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>sad when he was greeted at + Jerusalem as a victor. He had spent his life in trying to impress a + new ideal upon his people, and they had welcomed him only as the + fulfilment of the old ideal which he desired to replace. None of thy + poets have given a drama with more of <span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">eironeia</span></span> in it than this.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Yet why did he + remain silent before us as to these ideas of his? If, indeed, these + were his ideas; for even with the new light given by the Hebrew + Memorabilia, I can see his thought but dimly. Why spake he not his + own thought to the people in Jerusalem, and tell us no longer to hope + for worldly dominion as the best means for spreading the Law of the + Lord, but rather to be as servants of God, even as Esaias the Prophet + hath spoken? Was it that he wished to carry out the description of + the prophet even to every iota of his text? For, behold, the prophet + sayeth, <span class="tei tei-q">“He let himself be humbled, and + opened not his mouth.”</span> If so, then was the death of Jesus but + a sublime suicide.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">For surely by this + silence he has committed a grievous sin against us his people. + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page215">[pg 215]</span><a name="Pg215" + id="Pg215" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>For if we committed aught of + sin and crime that handed him over to the Romans as a pretender to + empire, he indeed shared our sin and crime by his silence. Ye + Hellenes were at least greater in fault than we in the matter of + Socrates; for ye condemned him after he had spoken his whole mind and + made known his whole thought to his people; whereas we condemned one + who, I make bold to say, was even greater than thy Socrates, mainly + because of what seemed to us his sullen and arrogant silence, broken + only by a confession of guilt when he knew he was not guilty.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">But yet, let me + not be as harsh in judgment upon him after his death, as perhaps I + was when I allowed the sentence to be declared against him without + protest. He, least of all men, could have died with a lie upon his + lips. In some sort and in some way he must have combined the thought + of the triumphant Messiah and of the despised Servant of God. For in + those Memorabilia of him which have come into my hands during the + last days as being a message from him that is dead, I find + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page216">[pg 216]</span><a name="Pg216" + id="Pg216" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>these two things combined. He + speaketh ever of the blessedness of the poor and the humble and the + despised, even as the Ebionim speak. So that if a man would be + blessed, he would choose a lowly career, even as did Jesus. Yet + withal he speaketh oft of himself as the Son of Man, and every Jew + that heard him would think he knew what he thereby claimed. For in + the Prophets Daniel and Enoch it is clearly said that the Son of Man + would come in victory over the world; and what other could this + universal victor be than the Anointed One whom the prophets had + foretold? If Jesus put another meaning upon the prophetic words, why + spake he not his meaning fully unto the people? All we may have gone + like sheep astray, but he that might have been our shepherd went + apart alone with God.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">O Jesus, why didst + thou not show thyself to thy people in thy true character? Why didst + thou seem to care not for aught that we at Jerusalem cared for? Why, + arraigned before the appointed judges of thy people, didst thou keep + silence before <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page217">[pg + 217]</span><a name="Pg217" id="Pg217" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>us, + and, by thus keeping silent, share in pronouncing judgment upon + thyself? We have slain thee as the Hellenes have slain Socrates their + greatest, and our punishment will be as theirs. Then will Israel be + even as thou wert, despised and rejected of men—a nation of sorrows + among the nations. But Israel is greater than any of his sons, and + the day will come when he will know thee as his greatest. And in that + day he will say unto thee, <span class="tei tei-q">“My sons have + slain thee, O my son, and thou hast shared our + guilt.”</span></p><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page218">[pg + 218]</span><a name="Pg218" id="Pg218" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + </div> + </div> + <hr class="doublepage" /> + + <div class="tei tei-back" style= + "margin-top: 6.00em; margin-bottom: 2.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-top: 5.00em; margin-bottom: 5.00em"> + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg219" id="Pg219" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> <a name="toc37" id="toc37"></a> <a name="pdf38" + id="pdf38"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em; text-align: center"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">RELIGIOUS BOOKS</span></h1> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style= + "text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.20em"><span class="tei tei-hi" + style="text-align: center"><span style= + "font-size: 120%; font-style: italic">Serviceable, Timely, and + Helpful.</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Riverside Parallel + Bible.</span></span><br /> + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%">Containing the + Authorized Version and the Revised Version in parallel columns. 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D., of Brooklyn. + $1.50.</span><br /> + <span style="font-size: 90%">The London</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Christian World</span></span> + <span style="font-size: 90%">pronounces these discourses</span> + <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">most + inspiring,</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> + <span style="font-size: 90%">and the</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Christian + Intelligencer</span></span> <span style="font-size: 90%">finds</span> + <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">a rare keenness + of insight, a reflection of taste that is special, a spirit that is + most Christian pervading the whole book.</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">”</span></span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The Divinity of Jesus + Christ.</span></span><br /> + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%">By the Editors + of the</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Andover + Review</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">. A series of + noteworthy papers contributed to that Review, and forming a + symmetrical and very interesting treatment of the great topic they + discuss. 16mo, $1.00.</span></span></p> + + <div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pg220" id="Pg220" class= + "tei tei-anchor"></a> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The Evolution of + Christianity.</span></span><br /> + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%">The remarkable + Lectures at the Lowell Institute, in 1892, by Dr.</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Lyman + Abbott</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">. Thoroughly + revised, and forming a book which the</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Christian Register</span></span> + <span style="font-size: 90%">says,</span> <span class= + "tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">for the breadth of its sympathies, for the + generosity of its inclusions, for the largeness of its spiritual + apprehensions, can hardly be too highly praised.</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">”</span></span> <span style= + "font-size: 90%">$1.25.</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The World to + Come.</span></span><br /> + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%">A book of + vigorous, very readable discourses by Dr.</span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">William Burnett + Wright</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, with a Lecture + full of curious information about Christmas ($1.25);</span> + <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">“</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Ancient + Cities</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">,</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">”</span></span> <span style="font-size: 90%">a + volume of popular character, describing the most representative + cities of the Bible ($1.25).</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">On the + Threshold.</span></span><br /> + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%">Dr.</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Munger’s</span></span> + <span style="font-size: 90%">wise and delightful book for young men + and women ($1.00);</span> <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">“</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Freedom of + Faith</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> + <span style="font-size: 90%">and</span> <span class= + "tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">The + Appeal to Life</span></span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">,</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> + <span style="font-size: 90%">two books of broad, noble, readable + sermons ($1.50 each), and</span> <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">“</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Lamps and + Paths</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">,</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">”</span></span> <span style="font-size: 90%">a + volume of exceedingly sensible and attractive sermons to children + ($1.00).</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Who Wrote the + Bible?</span></span><br /> + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%">Dr. Gladden’s + frank, scholarly, yet popular book, treating wisely and reverently a + very important question ($1.25); a book of admirable discourses + on</span> <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">“</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">The Lord’s + Prayer</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> + <span style="font-size: 90%">($1.00), and</span> <span class= + "tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Applied + Christianity</span></span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">,</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> + <span style="font-size: 90%">treating very suggestively the moral + aspects of social questions ($1.25).</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The Lily Among + Thorns.</span></span><br /> + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%">A very + interesting book on the Biblical drama called The Song of Songs. + By</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Wm. Elliot + Griffis</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, D. D. + $1.25.</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">An American Missionary + in Japan.</span></span><br /> + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%">A book of great + interest, and giving a great deal of information about the social and + religious development of Modern Japan. By Rev. Dr.</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">M. L. + Gordon</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, for twenty years + an able and devoted missionary in that country. + $1.25.</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The Republic of + God.</span></span><br /> + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%">By</span> + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Elisha + Mulford</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, LL. D. + $2.00.</span> <span class="tei tei-q"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">A unique work, + and devotes to the great topics of theology a kind of thinking of + which we have had little in English literature and need + much.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">—</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">The + Independent.</span></span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">As It Is In + Heaven.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">The Unseen Friend.</span></span> <span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">At the Beautiful + Gate.</span></span><br /> + <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%">Three books + by</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Lucy + Larcom</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">,—religious, + cheerful, delightful to read, and of the finest quality in every way. + The last-named is a book of exquisite religious lyrics. Each, + $1.00.</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span style= + "font-size: 90%">⁂</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">For sale by all Booksellers. + Sent, post-paid, on receipt of price by the + Publishers</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">,</span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style= + "text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class="tei tei-hi" + style="text-align: center"><span class="tei tei-hi" style= + "text-align: center"><span style= + "font-size: 120%; font-style: italic">Houghton, Mifflin & + Company,</span></span><br /> + <span style="font-style: italic">4 Park Street, Boston; 11 East 17th + Street, New York.</span></span></p> + </div> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-top: 5.00em; margin-bottom: 5.00em"> + <hr class="doublepage" /> + + <div id="footnotes" class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-top: 4.00em; margin-bottom: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc39" id="toc39"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "margin-top: 3.46em; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">Footnotes</span></h1> + + <dl class="tei tei-list-footnotes"> + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1" name="note_1" href= + "#noteref_1">1.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This, like most other utterances of + Jesus, found in this book but not in the Gospels, is also found + in the early patristic literature.—<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">Ed.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_2" name="note_2" href= + "#noteref_2">2.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span lang="grc" class= + "tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="grc"><span style= + "font-style: normal">Ὄχλος τοῦ ἀγροῦ</span></span>, seemingly the + translation of the Hebrew <span lang="he" class="tei tei-foreign" + xml:lang="he"><span style="font-style: normal">עם + הארץ</span></span> used for those unlearned in the Law; this term + seems to have passed through much the same history as + <span class="tei tei-q">“pagan.”</span>—<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">Ed.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_3" name="note_3" href= + "#noteref_3">3.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Each of the Jewish rabbis used to + sum up his teaching in some pregnant sentence. These are given in + the Talmudic treatise, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-style: italic">The Ethics of the + Fathers</span></span>.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">Ed.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_4" name="note_4" href= + "#noteref_4">4.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">José ben Joeser said, <span class= + "tei tei-q">“Let thy place be a place of meeting for the wise; + dust thyself with the dust of their feet, and drink greedily of + their teaching”</span> (<span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Pirke + Aboth</span></span>, i. 4).—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">Ed.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_5" name="note_5" href= + "#noteref_5">5.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The rabbis use this expression, + <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style= + "font-style: italic">Bath Kol</span></span>, for any supernatural + revelation.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">Ed.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_6" name="note_6" href= + "#noteref_6">6.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">This Logion is only found elsewhere + in one MS. of the Gospels, viz., in the Codex Bezæ at + Cambridge.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">Ed.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_7" name="note_7" href= + "#noteref_7">7.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">It must have been from a report of + this discourse, and that given on <a href="#Pg092" class= + "tei tei-ref">p. 92</a>, that the majority of those utterances of + Jesus have been derived which are known in modern theology as + <span class="tei tei-q">“Agrapha.”</span>—<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">Ed.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_8" name="note_8" href= + "#noteref_8">8.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">The gospel version reads + <span class="tei tei-q">“Samaritan.”</span>—<span class= + "tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">Ed.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_9" name="note_9" href= + "#noteref_9">9.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">See note on <a href="#Pg042" class= + "tei tei-ref">p. 42</a>.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">Ed.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_10" name="note_10" + href="#noteref_10">10.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Bar + Abba</span></span> means <span class="tei tei-q">“son of his + father.”</span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_11" name="note_11" + href="#noteref_11">11.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class= + "tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Bar + Amma</span></span> means <span class="tei tei-q">“son of his + mother.”</span>—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">Ed.</span></span></dd> + + <dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_12" name="note_12" + href="#noteref_12">12.</a></dt> + + <dd class="tei tei-notetext">Probably the so-called Primitive + Gospel, the common foundation of our Synoptics. But the date is + somewhat early.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style= + "font-variant: small-caps">Ed.</span></span></dd> + </dl> + </div> + </div> + <hr class="doublepage" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-top: 5.00em; margin-bottom: 5.00em"> + <div id="pgfooter" class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-top: 4.00em; margin-bottom: 4.00em"> + <pre class="pre tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 3.00em; margin-top: 3.00em"> +***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AS OTHERS SAW HIM*** +</pre> + <hr class="doublepage" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-top: 3.00em; margin-bottom: 3.00em"> + <a name="rightpageheader40" id="rightpageheader40"></a><a name= + "pgtoc41" id="pgtoc41"></a><a name="pdf42" id="pdf42"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em; text-align: center"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">Credits</span></h1> + + <table summary="This is a list." class="tei tei-list" style= + "margin-top: 1.00em; margin-bottom: 1.00em"> + <tbody> + <tr> + <th class="tei tei-label tei-label-gloss">May 16, + 2015 </th> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="tei tei-item tei-item-gloss"> + <table summary="This is a list." class="tei tei-list" + style="margin-top: 1.00em; margin-bottom: 1.00em"> + <tbody> + <tr class="tei tei-labelitem"> + <th class="tei tei-label"></th> + + <td class="tei tei-item">Project Gutenberg TEI + edition 1</td> + </tr> + + <tr class="tei tei-labelitem"> + <th class="tei tei-label"></th> + + <td class="tei tei-item"><span class= + "tei tei-respStmt"><span class= + "tei tei-resp">Produced by <span class= + "tei tei-name">Shaun Pinder</span>, <span class= + "tei tei-name">Stefan Cramme</span> and the Online + Distributed Proofreading Team at + http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from + images generously made available by The Internet + Archive)</span></span></td> + </tr> + </tbody> + </table> + </td> + </tr> + </tbody> + </table> + </div> + <hr class="doublepage" /> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style= + "margin-bottom: 3.00em; margin-top: 3.00em"> + <a name="rightpageheader43" id="rightpageheader43"></a><a name= + "pgtoc44" id="pgtoc44"></a><a name="pdf45" id="pdf45"></a> + + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style= + "margin-top: 3.46em; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 3.46em"> + <span style="font-size: 173%">A Word from Project + Gutenberg</span></h1> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">This file + should be named 48974-h.html or 48974-h.zip.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">This and all + associated files of various formats will be found in: <a href= + "http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/4/8/9/7/48974/" class= + "block tei tei-xref" style= + "margin-top: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> + <span style= + "font-size: 90%">http://www.gutenberg.org</span><span style= + "font-size: 90%">/dirs/4/8/9/7/48974/</span></a></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Updated + editions will replace the previous one — the old editions will be + renamed.</p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Creating the + works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law + means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, + so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the + United States without permission and without paying copyright + royalties. 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